cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychological Stress Evaluator—Two Tests of a Vocal Measure

The Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSE), a commercial lie detector employing voice analysis, was tested on two laboratory tasks. On the guilty knowledge task of Lykken (1960), 20 subjects were interrogated on personal information after being offered a reward to fool the interrogator. PSE analysis failed to identify correct responses beyond chance levels. On the mental arithmetic task of Kahneman, Tursky, Shapiro, and Crider (1969) and Tursky, Schwartz, and Crider (1970), 16 subjects performed arithmetic problems which varied in difficulty but were performed under identical pacing. According to PSE scoring, stress increased with task difficulty. In addition, the PSE-measured differences occurred with high consistency across subjects. Some aspects of PSE analysis may be valid for the measurement of stress, although the validity of the analysis for practical lie detection is questionable.
Spectral karyotyping in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and a complex karyotype shows hidden aberrations, including recurrent overrepresentation of 21q, 11q, and 22q.

We used spectral karyotyping (SKY) to study 29 adults with acute myeloid leukemia and a complex karyotype containing one to nine abnormalities that were not fully identifiable by G-banding. SKY showed the origin of rings and unidentified material in unbalanced translocations in all cases and the origin of markers in most, allowing reinterpretation of 136 aberrations and discovery of three aberrations hidden in normal chromosomes. SKY confirmed 10 and refined the interpretation of three balanced aberrations recognized by G-banding and identified another nine balanced aberrations, including a novel translocation involving the RUNX1 gene. Eleven of 32 deletions found by G-banding were shown to be cryptic translocations or insertions, including three of four chromosome 3 deletions, two of three del(7q), and two of 12 del(5q). Of the 92 chromosomes deemed lost entirely by G-banding, 63 (68%) were shown to be involved in structural aberrations. This was especially true for −21 (eight of eight patients), −5 (five of six patients), −20 (seven of nine patients), and −18 (six of 12 patients). Unexpectedly, SKY uncovered a hidden overrepresentation of segments from at least one chromosome in 21 patients. The most frequently overrepresented was 21q, found in eight patients, including four with high-level 21q amplification. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the RUNX1 gene was not the target of amplification in seven of these patients. Also frequently gained were 11q (in seven patients, including three with high-level MLL gene amplification) and 22q (in seven patients). We conclude that SKY considerably enhances the accuracy of karyotype interpretation, and that amplification of chromosomal material may play a greater role in leukemogenesis than has been recognized. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The suction pipette method for internal perfusion and voltage clamp of small excitable cells.

Abstract A full description of a suction pipette method for voltage clamp and internal perfusion of isolated nerve cell bodies is presented. Particular emphasis is placed upon manufacture and assembly of the pipette and the limitations of the method.
A comparison of a composite restorative material and wire ligation as methods of stabilizing excessively mobile mandibular anterior teeth.

Eighteen patients with mobile mandibular anterior teeth were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups in order to determine the relative effectiveness of two modalities of temporary stabilization. The two groups were well matched for initial horizontal tooth mobility, age and sex. Patients in Group I had their teeth stabilized in the conventional fashion with extracoronal wire ligation. The Group II subjects' mandibular anterior teeth were acid-etched and then had composite restorative material applied to the lingual, facial and interproximal surfaces. Horizontal tooth mobility utilizing the periodontometer was recorded prior to, immediately after, and then at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months poststabilization. Loe's Gingival Index and the Silness and Loe Plaque Index were recorded for the same time periods. All subjects were instructed in oral hygiene techniques appropriate for splinted teeth. The mobility scores for both Group I and II dropped to significantly lower levels immediately after the splints wer...
Role of protein phosphorylation in regulation of brainL-glutamate decarboxylase activity

In the brain, the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level is primarily controlled by the activity of its synthesizing enzyme,L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). At present, mechanisms responsible for regulation of GAD activity remain largely unknown. Here we report that GAD activity is inhibited by conditions favoring protein phosphorylation, and this inhibition can be reversed by phosphatase treatment. Furthermore, this inhibition appears to result from the suppression of a Ca2+-dependent phosphatase. Phosphorylation of GAD is demonstrated by direct incorporation of32P into the GAD protein. These results suggest that GAD activity in the brain is inhibited by phosphorylation and activated by dephosphorylation. A model for regulation of GABA synthesis related to neuronal excitation is discussed.
The Epidemiology of Low-Level Lead Exposure in Childhood

Abstract Recent data suggest that lower levels of lead than those that produce symptoms of poisoning in childhood interfere with brain function. Although animal studies of low-level lead are useful, only human population studies can guide public health decisions. We review recent population studies and identify the four common methodologic problems. A recent study designed to address these problems is presented. Using data from this study, we estimate the attributable risks for impaired school performance due to lead and the fiscal costs of exposure to lead.
Nanolithographic templates from diblock copolymer thin films

We describe a technique for creating a thin polystyrene film containing a periodic array of cylindrical holes, with a hole size of approximately 13 nm and a lattice constant of 27 nm. The starting material is a polystyrene‐polybutadiene diblock copolymer, which self‐assembles into a hexagonally packed array of polybutadiene cylinders embedded in a polystyrene matrix. A technique described previously is used to orient the cylinders normal to the plane of the film. The polybutadiene domains are then removed by reaction with ozone, which attacks the double bonds in the polybutadiene backbone. Films of this type could potentially be used as templates for nanolithography on a scale not readily accessed by other techniques.
Acclimation to temperature by the terrestrial gastropods, Limax maximus and Philomycus carolinianus: Oxygen consumption and temperature preferences

Abstract 1. 1. Oxygen consumption and temperature preference of two slug species were determined after acclimation to different temperatures. 2. 2. Both species show metabolic compensation at some temperatures but the pattern of acclimation differs between the species. No clear relationship of size to oxygen consumption could be found for either species. 3. 3. Temperature preference of Limax maximus is altered subsequent to temperature acclimation; responses of Philomycus carolinianus indicate no such alteration. 4. 4. Responses to the parameters measured seem to reflect adaptations to the natural environment rather than phylogenetic relationships.
Response of GaAs to fast intense laser pulses

Motivated by recent experiments, we have performed simulations which show in detail how the electrons and ions in GaAs respond to fast intense laser pulses (with durations of order 100 fs and intensities of order $1\ensuremath{-}10 {\mathrm{T}\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}).$ The method of tight-binding electron-ion dynamics is used, in which an arbitrarily strong radiation field is included through a time-dependent Peierls substitution. The population of excited electrons, the atomic displacements, the atomic pair-correlation function, the band structure, and the imaginary part of the dielectric function are all calculated as functions of time, during and after application of each pulse. Above a threshold intensity, which results in promotion of about 10% of the electrons to the conduction band, the lattice is destabilized and the band gap collapses to zero. This is most clearly revealed in the dielectric function $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\ensuremath{\omega}),$ which exhibits metallic behavior and loses its structural features after 100--200 fs.
Desperately Seeking Standards: The Court's Frustrating Attempts to Limit Political Gerrymandering

By far the most significant form of gerrymandering is partisan gerrymandering. It is painfully ubiquitous and yet can be covert, hidden in plain view. More importantly the advent of the computer and the growing polarization of the electorate have enhanced its importance. Already the House of Representatives has become virtually safe for most incumbents and in recent elections experienced less turnover than the Senate, which has far fewer members and only one-third of its members up for reelection.
'Coach class thrombosis': is the risk real? What do we tell our patients?

The risk is real but small; only those already at increased risk of venous thromboembolism need to be concerned.
Haloperidol-induced morphological changes in striatum are associated with glutamate synapses

Sub-chronic treatment with the typical neuroleptic, haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg/d, s.c.), but not the atypical neuroleptic, clozapine (35 mg/kg/day, s.c.), causes an increase in synapses containing a perforated postsynaptic density (referred to as 'perforated' synapses) and in dopamine (DA) D2 receptors within the caudate nucleus [46]. To determine if these perforated synapses are glutamatergic, we systemically co-administered MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks), a non-competitive antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-associated ion channel, and haloperidol. MK-801 blocked the haloperidol-induced increase in striatal perforated synapses, but not the haloperidol-induced increase in DA D2 receptors. Injection of MK-801 into the striatum also attenuated the haloperidol-induced increase in perforated synapses. Post-embedding immuno-gold electron microscopy using antibodies to glutamate indicated that the gold particles were localized within striatal presynaptic nerve terminals that make contact with perforated postsynaptic densities. These findings support the hypothesis that the haloperidol-induced increase in perforated synapses is regulated by the NMDA subtype of excitatory glutamate receptor. The increase in perforated synapses following administration of haloperidol, which is associated with a high incidence of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), and the lack of a synaptic change following administration of clozapine, known to have a low frequency of EPS, suggests that glutamate synapses play a role in the motoric side effects that are observed with typical neuroleptic drug treatment.
Development and Validation of a Music Education Competency Test.

The purpose of the study was to develop and validate a competency test in music education. The resulting Music Education Competency Test (MECT), pilot form, provided information on a student' s proficiency in selected singing, conducting, key board, and rehearsal skills. Three validity studies were conducted in order to obtain evidence on the relationship of MECT scores to (1) the student' s course grades, academic status, and teacher rating; (2) students entering as freshmen as opposed to those entering as transfer students; and (3) students with piano as the principal instrument as opposed to voice or orchestral instruments. One hundred and twenty-five undergraduates at the University of Illinois took one of the test forms. Results indicated that: (1) seniors score better than freshmen on the singing and conducting subtests; (2) instrumentalists score better than vocalists on the conducting subtest; and (3) students' scores on the conducting and diagnostic rehearsal skills subtests correlate significant...
Monotone data flow analysis frameworks

We consider a generalization of Kildall's lattice theoretic approach to data flow analysis, which we call monotone data flow analysis frameworks. Many flow analysis problems which appear in practice meet the monotonicity condition but not Kildall's condition called distributivity. We show that the maximal fixed point solution exists for every instance of every monotone framework, and that it can be obtained by Kildall's algorithm. However, whenever the framework is monotone but not distributive, there are instances in which the desired solution--the "meet over all paths solution" -- differs from the maximal fixed point. Finally, we show the nonexistence of an algorithm to compute the meet over all paths solution for monotone frameworks.
Keeping Your Financial Planner to Yourself: Racial and Cultural Differences in Financial Planner Referrals

Literature suggests that the use of a financial expert by Black households improves savings and investment behaviors. However, these households lack the financial knowledge and sophistication needed to select an appropriate financial expert. This admitted inability results in Black households relying on the recommendations of friends and family in selecting and hiring a financial expert. However results from this study suggest that Blacks who have successfully chosen a financial expert, i.e., are satisfied, are nearly two times (92 %) less likely than non-Blacks to refer their financial planner to others. Decomposition analyses indicate that over 80 % of satisfied Blacks should be willing to provide a referral yet only 50 % do. The largest significant component of the difference in referral rates is culturally based perception differences of the variables used in determining the net benefit of providing a referral.
Competition between the cable and broadcast industries: A niche analysis

The authors show that although there is increasing competition between cable television, broadcast television, and radio, broadcast television remains a strong competitor and has not yet been displaced by cable television in the advertising market. Radio still remains competitive, but not to the degree of broadcast television. The authors suggest that cable television will not rapidly overwhelm and push broadcast industries out of the market.
High-uniformity liquid phase epitaxial InGaAsP (λ = 1.3 μm)

Abstract It is shown that the InGaAsP quaternary grown by constant temperature liquid phase epitaxy on InP substrates can, under special conditions of growth solution supersaturation and epitaxial layer mismatch, exhibit considerably narrower rocking curve half-widths than previously reported. Double crystal X-ray diffraction determinations of the layer crystallinity of InGaAsP (λ = 1.3 μm) are made using Cu K α 1 radiation for (400) reflections. Half-widths as small as 13 arc seconds, which approach the InP limit, are observed
Possible antipredator behavior associated with river crossings by proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus)

Proboscis monkeys' (Nasalis larvatus) river crossing behavior was examined as a potential behavioral response to predation threat. N. larvatus' major predator at the Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia, appeared to be the false gavial (Tomistoma schlegeli), a crocodilian. An adolescent female proboscis monkey was captured and drowned by a false gavial during this study. The monkeys crossed the river at its more narrow points, with several individuals or groups crossing simultaneously. Increased vigilance prior to crossing and leaping as far across the river as possible were also observed. Proboscis monkey groups often associate at their sleeping sites at the river's edge. A potential function of these associations may be to allow groups to synchronize their movement with other groups during river crossings.
Narrow high power microwave pulses from a free electron laser

We have explored high power microwave ((lambda) equals 1.5 mm) pulse amplification along a tapered undulator FEL using the 1D Compton FEL equations with slippage. For an appropriate taper, sideband instabilities are suppressed and a short (approximately 50 psec) Gaussian pulse will propagate in a nearly self-similar way as it grows in power, slipping through a much longer electron pulse (beam energy, 750kV; current, 100A; radius equals 2 mm; length equals 200 radiation periods). This is in contrast to the example of pulse propagation in a constant parameter undulator, where the Gaussian pulse breaks up into irregularities identified with sidebanding. Variation of initial pulse width shows convergence to a 50 psec wide output pulse. Because of the slippage of the radiation pulse through the electron pulse, the peak microwave pulse intensity, approximately 3GW/cm2, is about three times the kinetic energy density of the electron beam.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Recent Experiments At The Los Alamos Free-Electron Laser

Improvements in the operational characteristics of the Los Alamos free-electron laser have produced experimental results in reasonable agreement with theory and simulation. These experiments include suppressing sidebands by dispersive elements and cavity-length detuning, achieving higher extraction efficiencies, demonstrating deceleration of electrons in the bucket of a tapered wiggler, using a prebuncher at high power, lasing with a highly tapered wiggler, determining harmonic content, and observing harmonic lasing. The results of these experiments will be described.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
School Effects: Examining the Race Gap in Mathematics Achievement

The gap in achievement between minority and non-minority students has become a national priority. To investigate the relationship between school racial composition and the race-based gaps in mathematic achievement, High School Effectiveness Study data on 3,392 students in 177 schools were analyzed. Multilevel analyses revealed that when at least half of the students in a school are Black or Hispanic, all student achievement is lower (for White as well as for ethnic minority students). Asian students’ achievement remains lowered until the percentage of Black and Hispanic students is less than 15%. However, schools that are 30–49% Black and/or Hispanic have more egalitarian achievement between White and Hispanic students. Although there is no one-size-fits-all model, this research does confirm that being in a school with a high a concentration of Black and Hispanic students lessens all students’ chances of academic achievement, even for students who otherwise should excel.
Energy- and angle-resolved detection of neutral atoms desorbed from ion bombarded single crystals. Rh{111} and p(2 × 2)O/Rh{111}

Abstract Measurements of energy- and angle-resolved distributions of neutral atoms desorbed from ion-bombarded single crystals are obtained using a novel multiphoton resonance ionization scheme. Experimental results are compared successfully to molecular dynamics calculations of the ion/solid collision event. This comparison suggests that the distributions from Rh{111} are sensitive to the crystal structure of the top atomic layer. Calculated distributions match experimental ones when oxygen atoms are assumed to adsorb in 3-fold hollow (c-site) bonding configurations.
Microwave tomographic imaging for osteoporosis screening: a pilot clinical study

We are developing a microwave tomographic system for assessment of overall bone health. We hypothesize that as the mineralization of bone decreases due to the normal aging process and for more extreme situations such as osteoporosis, the dielectric property signature will also vary accordingly. To determine the merits of this approach, we have begun by performing initial exams of the heel to assess the level of image quality achievable. Early experience from our pilot study is encouraging and indicates that multiple planes of 2D images produce good representations of the 3D structural features within the heel.
Informal Hospice Caregiving: The Toll on Quality of Life.

ABSTRACT A primary goal in hospice philosophy is to enhance quality of life for both patients and families. Informal family caregivers are essential for the provision of hospice services, but past research has demonstrated a social, emotional, financial, and physical toll associated with this role. The present study investigated self-reported caregiver quality of life in four domains upon patient admission to hospice (n = 76) and 1 month later (n = 45). Significant decreases were found for emotional, social, and total quality of life. Average social quality of life was initially the highest domain but became the lowest after 1 month. Physical quality of life was lowest initially and decreased slightly. Interpretations and implications of results are given.
Determinants of Successful Everyday Communication of Sailors in International Crews

The process of globalization can be seen in all spheres of modern life including navigation. So, forming international crews becomes a common practice. It seems to be an urgent issue that seafarers should have skills of adequate international communication, know particulars of culture and everyday life, basics of mentality of seafarers of other nationalities. Question of forming foreign language competence of the future seafarers has been more investigated for the purpose of fulfillment of their professional duties but is being still widely discussed. The question of social everyday communication is not so widely discussed and deeply researched. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n3p209
The live organ donor's consent: is it informed and voluntary?

Live organ donors represent nearly 50% of the solid organ donors in the United States. This unique population of individuals accepts risk for the benefit of another. The main justification by the medical community for permitting such risk to live donors has been respect for their autonomy, realized through the practice of informed consent. This article examines the key criteria of informed consent—understanding and non-control (voluntariness)—in the context of live organ donation. It concludes that more prospective studies are needed to improve the process of informed consent in this population.
Changes in bovine mammary insulin binding during pregnancy and lactation.

Abstract 1. 1. Binding of insulin to microsomes from mammary glands of pregnant and lactating dairy cows was characterized. 2. 2. Binding affinities of the insulin receptor did not change from pregnancy to lactation. 3. 3. Maximal specific binding occurred in microsomes from cows in mid-pregnancy and declined in microsomes from cows in late pregnancy. 4. 4. Insulin binding continued to decrease from early to mid-lactation and increased during late lactation. 5. 5. Results indicate that decreased sensitivity in mammary tissue from lactating dairy cows is at least in part a result of a reduction in insulin receptor number. 6. 6. Results demonstrate further physiological differences between the ruminant and non-ruminant mammary gland.
The Proper Care and Feeding of Hackerspaces: Care Ethics and Cultures of Making

Communities of making have been at the center of attention in popular, business, political, and academic research circles in recent years. In HCI, they seem to carry the promise of new forms of computer use, education, innovation, and even ways of life. In the West in particular, the maker manifestos of these communities have shown strong elements of a neoliberal ethos, one that prizes self-determination, tech-savvy, independence, freedom from government, suspicion of authority, and so forth. Yet such communities, to function as communities, also require values of collaboration, cooperation, interpersonal support-in a word, care. In this ethnographic study, we studied and participated as members of a hackerspace for 19 months, focusing in particular not on their technical achievements, innovations, or for glimmers of a more sustainable future, but rather to make visible and to analyze the community maintenance labor that helps the hackerspace support the practices that its members, society, and HCI research are so interested in. We found that the maker ethic entails a complex negotiation of both a neoliberal libertarian ethos and a care ethos.
On the Observed Spatial Scale of Northern Hemisphere Transient Motions

Abstract Blackmon (1976) used spherical harmonics to determine the root-mean-square (rms) 500 mb geo-potential height in various two-dimensional wavenumber regimes. This paper extends his analysis to 1000 mb and presents for both levels the ratio of rms Z in different wavenumber regimes. This ratio shows the relative spatial scale of atmospheric disturbances. Synoptic-scale disturbances dominate the midlatitude oceans, while planetary waves are most important in high and low latitudes. In summer planetary waves are more important at 1000 mb than at 500 mb.
The Reluctant Welfare State: A History of American Social Welfare Policies

Well-written, impeccably researched, this chronologically organized text includes a complete description of a wide range of social programs and policies, placing social welfare policies in their societal context, from colonial times to the present.
Mesp1 Coordinately Regulates Cardiovascular Fate Restriction and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Differentiating ESCs

Wnt signaling is required for development of mesoderm-derived lineages and expression of transcription factors associated with the primitive streak. In a functional screen, we examined the mesoderm-inducing capacity of transcription factors whose expression was Wnt-dependent in differentiating ESCs. In contrast to many inactive factors, we found that mesoderm posterior 1 (Mesp1) promoted mesoderm development independently of Wnt signaling. Transient Mesp1 expression in ESCs promotes changes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induction of Snai1, consistent with a role in gastrulation. Mesp1 expression also restricted the potential fates derived from ESCs, generating mesoderm progenitors with cardiovascular, but not hematopoietic, potential. Thus, in addition to its effects on EMT, Mesp1 may be capable of generating the recently identified multipotent cardiovascular progenitor from ESCs in vitro.
A new and fast image feature selection method for developing an optimal mammographic mass detection scheme

Purpose: Selecting optimal features from a large image feature pool remains a major challenge in developing computer-aided detection (CAD) schemes of medical images. The objective of this study is to investigate a new approach to significantly improve efficacy of image feature selection and classifier optimization in developing a CAD scheme of mammographic masses. Methods: An image dataset including 1600 regions of interest (ROIs) in which 800 are positive (depicting malignant masses) and 800 are negative (depicting CAD-generated false positive regions) was used in this study. After segmentation of each suspicious lesion by a multilayer topographic region growth algorithm, 271 features were computed in different feature categories including shape, texture, contrast, isodensity, spiculation, local topological features, as well as the features related to the presence and location of fat and calcifications. Besides computing features from the original images, the authors also computed new texture features from the dilated lesion segments. In order to select optimal features from this initial feature pool and build a highly performing classifier, the authors examined and compared four feature selection methods to optimize an artificial neural network (ANN) based classifier, namely: (1) Phased Searching with NEAT in a Time-Scaled Framework, (2) A sequential floating forward selection (SFFS) method, (3) A genetic algorithm (GA), and (4) A sequential forward selection (SFS) method. Performances of the four approaches were assessed using a tenfold cross validation method. Results: Among these four methods, SFFS has highest efficacy, which takes 3%–5% of computational time as compared to GA approach, and yields the highest performance level with the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.864 ± 0.034. The results also demonstrated that except using GA, including the new texture features computed from the dilated mass segments improved the AUC results of the ANNs optimized using other three feature selection methods. In addition, among 271 features, the shape, local morphological features, fat and calcification based features were the most frequently selected features to build ANNs. Conclusions: Although conventional GA is a powerful tool in optimizing classifiers used in CAD schemes of medical images, it is very computationally intensive. This study demonstrated that using a new SFFS based approach enabled to significantly improve efficacy of image feature selection for developing CAD schemes.
Using and extending the CIM standards for advanced distribution applications

Common information model (CIM) objects have not been fully developed for all types of power distribution field equipment, distributed energy resources, relays, and other devices that need to be integrated and managed over a utilitypsilas enterprise. This paper examines where the CIM needs to be extended to handle these extra devices and data collected from them. It also highlights some advanced applications that would be able to take advantage of this data to provide enhanced information in order to more effectively manage the distribution system.
A Theory of Information Quality and its Implementation in Systems Engineering

This paper introduces a theory of information quality to explain requirements engineering behavior observed during the systems engineering (SE) process. Requirements are technical statements that inform system design, implementation, and integration. The meaning of requirements information is relevant to the SE problem. The requirements entropy framework (REF) implements the theory and accounts for the meaning of requirements information in terms of its cumulative quality. The requirements quality distribution reflects the cumulative quality and determines the requirements entropy, the number of possibilities, and the additional information needed to reach the desired end state. The desired end state is occupied by requirements having all specified quality attributes. The requirements entropy, uncertainty, and needed information decrease as engineering effort is input into the process. The impact of added, revised, and deleted requirements can be estimated or measured from the change in entropy, uncertainty, or information. Results from computer simulation experiments suggest that the REF is a useful method for monitoring requirements trends, forecasting when the desired end state will be reached, and estimating requirements engineering effort for system development programs.
The Effects of Acetic Acid on Collagen Cross-Links

Native, acid-soluble and acid-insoluble collagen from the tail tendons of rats and calves have been reduced by 3H-sodium borohydride. The reduced cross-link derivatives were separated by ion exchange chromatography. The destruction of the cross-links under the conditions of hydrolysis was measured. By applying the appropriate correction factors, the approximate levels of the respective cross-link structures in the variously treated tissues were assessed. We conclude that treatment of collagen by 0.05 M acetic acid for 1 hour or less imposes a profound rearrangement of intermolecular bonds in both the soluble and insoluble preparations. The nature of the intermolecular bonding in native collagen therefore cannot be meaningfully assessed if the preparation is previously exposed to acid.
An integrated adaptive bandwidth-management framework for QoS-sensitive multimedia cellular networks

Bandwidth is an extremely valuable and scarce resource in a wireless network. Therefore, efficient bandwidth management is necessary in order to provide high-quality service to users in a multimedia wireless/mobile network. In this paper, we propose new online bandwidth-management algorithms for bandwidth reservation, call admission, bandwidth migration, and call-preemption strategies. These techniques are combined in an integrated framework that is able to balance the traffic load among cells accommodating heterogeneous multimedia services while ensuring efficient bandwidth utilization. In addition, our online framework to adaptively control bandwidth is a cell-oriented approach that has low complexity, which makes it practical for real cellular networks. Simulation results indicate the superior performance of our bandwidth-management framework to strike the appropriate performance balance between contradictory quality-of-service requirements.
Walking the Tightrope: The Balancing Acts of a Large e-Research Project

Although e-Research has received much attention and acclaim in recent years, the realities of distributed collaboration still challenge even the most well-planned endeavors. This case study of an e-Research project examines the ?balancing acts' associated with multidisciplinary, geographically distributed, large-scale research and development work. After briefly describing the history and organizational design of this information technology and atmospheric science research project, I identify five paradoxical challenges that cannot be resolved: research versus development, harmony versus conflict, consensus versus top-down decision making, frequency and modes of communication, and fast versus slow pacing. Although collaboration and communication technologies supported the project's management and organization, most of the complexities faced by the team were not technological in nature. From the five paradoxical challenges associated with the project, I distill three cross-cutting issues that could be relevant to other e-Research projects of this magnitude: satisfying the multiple needs of a multidisciplinary project, managing information, and engaging all participants. I identify the practical implications of these challenges and issues, specifically that organizational and low-tech solutions --- not the introduction of more sophisticated technology tools --- are needed to solve these challenges and to better streamline coordination.
CdTe Nanowires studied by Transient Absorption Microscopy

Transient absorption measurements were performed on single CdTe nanowires. The traces show fast decays that were assigned to charge carrier trapping at surface states. The observed power dependence suggests the existence of a trap-filling mechanism. Acoustic phonon modes were also observed, which were assigned to breathing modes of the nanowires. Both the fundamental breathing mode and the first overtone were observed, and the dephasing times provide information about how the nanowires interact with their environment.
Automatic P-Wave Arrival Detection and Picking with Multiscale Wavelet Analysis for Single-Component Recordings

We have developed an automatic P -wave arrival detection and picking algorithm based on the wavelet transform and Akaike information criteria (AIC) picker. Wavelet coefficients at high resolutions show the fine structure of the time series, and those at low resolutions characterize its coarse features. Primary features such as the P -wave arrival are retained over several resolution scales, whereas secondary features such as scattered arrivals decay quickly at lower resolutions. We apply the discrete wavelet transform to single-component seismograms through a series of sliding time windows. In each window the AIC autopicker is applied to the thresholded absolute wavelet coefficients at different scales, and we compare the consistency of those picks to determine whether a P -wave arrival has been detected in the given time window. The arrival time is then determined using the AIC picker on the time window chosen by the wavelet transform. We test our method on regional earthquake data from the Dead Sea Rift region and local earthquake data from the Parkfield, California region. We find that 81% of picks are within 0.2-sec of the corresponding analyst pick for the Dead Sea dataset, and 93% of picks are within 0.1 sec of the analyst pick for the Parkfield dataset. We attribute the lower percentage of agreement for the Dead Sea dataset to the substantially lower signal-to-noise ratio of those data, and the likelihood that some percentage of the analyst picks are in error.
Equal Yield Tax Alternatives and Government Deficits

This article generalizes the traditional concept of equal yield tax alternatives to accommodate government deficits in an intertemporalframework. This generalization is important for the analysis of actual tax reform proposals. First, the comparison of the several equal yield alternatives developed in this article provides a measure of the marginal financial crowding-out effects of changes in government deficits induced by tax changes. Second, it suggests that the emphasis by policymakers on revenue neutrality as a proxy for deficit neutrality is misplaced and should be replaced by a direct emphasis on deficit neutrality. The generalized concept of equal yield is illustrated with a dynamic general equilibrium model of the U.S. economy and the analysis of the effects of integrating the personal and corporate income tax systems.
The Impact of Event Scale –Revised: Psychometric properties in a sample of motor vehicle accident survivors

This study examined the factor structure, internal consistency, concurrent validity, and discriminative validity of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R, [Weiss, D. S. & Marmar, C. R. (1997). The Impact of Event Scale-Revised. In: J. P. Wilson & T. M. Keane (Eds.). Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD (pp. 399-411). New York: Guilford Press]) in a sample of 182 individuals who had experienced a serious motor vehicle accident. Results supported the three-factor structure of the IES-R, Intrusion, Avoidance, and Hyperarousal, with adequate internal consistency noted for each subscale. Support was obtained for the concurrent and discriminative validity, as well as the absence of social desirability effects. Although some differences were noted between the IES-R Avoidance subscale and diagnostically based measures of this cluster of symptoms, these differences do not necessarily signify measurement problems with the IES-R. The IES-R seems to be a solid measure of post-trauma phenomena that can augment related assessment approaches in clinical and research settings.
Limited angle dual modality breast imaging

We are developing a dual modality breast scanner that can obtain x-ray transmission and gamma ray emission images in succession at multiple viewing angles with the breast held under mild compression. These views are reconstructed and fused to obtain three-dimensional images that combine structural and functional information. Here, we describe the dual modality system and present results of phantom experiments designed to test the system's ability to obtain fused volumetric dual modality data sets from a limited number of projections, acquired over a limited (less than 180 degrees) angular range. We also present initial results from phantom experiments conducted to optimize the acquisition geometry for gamma imaging. The optimization parameters include the total number of views and the angular range over which these views should be spread, while keeping the total number of detected counts fixed. We have found that in general, for a fixed number of views centered around the direction perpendicular to the direction of compression, in-plane contrast and SNR are improved as the angular range of the views is decreased. The improvement in contrast and SNR with decreasing angular range is much greater for deeper lesions and for a smaller number of views. However, the z-resolution of the lesion is significantly reduced with decreasing angular range. Finally, we present results from limited angle tomography scans using a system with dual, opposing heads.
Neuronal and psychophysical sensitivity to motion signals in extrastriate area MST of the macaque monkey

We recorded the responses of single neurons in extrastriate area MST while rhesus monkeys discriminated the direction of motion in a set of stochastic visual displays. By varying systematically the strength of a coherent motion signal within the visual display, we were able to measure simultaneously the monkeys' psychophysical thresholds for direction discrimination and the responses of single neurons to the same motion signals. Neuronal thresholds for reliably signaling the direction of motion in the visual display were calculated from the measured responses using a method based in signal detection theory. Neurons in MST were exquisitely sensitive to motion signals in the display, having thresholds for discriminating the direction of coherent motion that were, on average, equal to the psychophysical thresholds of the monkeys. For many MST neurons, the intensity of the response was correlated with the monkey's psychophysical judgements for repeated presentations of a given near-threshold stimulus; the monkey tended to choose the preferred direction of the neuron under study when that neuron responded more strongly to the stimulus. In both of these respects, MST neurons were indistinguishable from neurons in extrastriate area MT, a major source of afferent input to MST. In a second set of experiments, we found that both of these results held true in the face of pronounced manipulations of the visual stimulus. Severe reductions in stimulus size and speed, for example, compromised neuronal and psychophysical sensitivities by similar amounts so that the average neuronal and psychophysical thresholds remained approximately equal. In addition, the trial-to-trial covariation of neuronal response and perceptual decision was unaffected by our stimulus manipulations. Thus, MST neurons carry signals appropriate for supporting psychophysical performance on our task over an impressively wide range of stimulus configurations.
Nuclease protection of RNAs containing site-specific labels: a rapid method for mapping RNA-protein interactions.

This report describes a method that combines nuclease protection and site-specific labeling to determine sites and extents of RNA‐protein interactions. The utility of the method is demonstrated by the analysis of the binding of factors to the 39 splice site region of a pre-mRNA labeled at three specific positions. This “reverse footprinting” technique should be widely applicable to a variety of questions concerning RNA‐protein interactions.
Is hypochondriasis an anxiety disorder

Although hypochondriasis is currently classified as a somatoform disorder, the underlying cognitive processes may be more consistent with an anxiety disorder. This observation has important implications for treatment and subsequent revisions of the diagnostic classification of hypochondriasis.
Localization and control of activity in peripheral nerves

Interest in the field of the natural control of human limb using physiological signals has risen dramatically in the past 20 years due to the success of the brain machine interface. Cortical signals carry significant information but are difficult to access. The peripheral nerves of the body carry both command and sensory signals and are far more accessible. While numerous studies have documented the selective stimulation properties of, conventionally round, nerve cuff electrodes (i.e., transverse geometry) and even self-sizing electrodes, recording the activity levels from individual fascicles using these electrodes is still an unsolved problem. Moreover, the control algorithms for the control of joint movement with multiple contact electrodes such as the flat interface nerve electrode (FINE) have been difficult to implement. We propose solutions to both these problems by using beam forming techniques to detect the location and the activity in various fascicles. We also developed a control algorithm that separates the dynamic from the passive properties to solve the redundancy problem in multiple joint problems. This techniques could find application in the natural control of artificial limbs from peripheral nerve signals for patients with amputated limbs or to restore function in patients with stroke or paralyzed limbs.
High-speed video images of helium inductively coupled plasmas for mass spectrometry ☆

Abstract High-speed video images of helium inductively coupled plasmas (He ICPs) were obtained at a rate of 1000 frames/s under conditions suitable for mass spectrometry (MS). These experiments established, for the first time, that the He ICP is a rotating discharge at the forward powers (500–1000 W) used for He ICPMS. The rotational frequency of the He ICP ranged from 80 to 250 Hz, depending on the forward power and whether analyte was introduced. When not coupled to the mass spectrometer, the rotational frequency of the He ICP decreased slightly as the forward power was increased. Coupling of the plasma to the mass spectrometer resulted in enhanced plasma oscillations. The implications of these variations on the sensitivity and precision of analytical measurements are discussed. Results are contrasted with data obtained for the Ar ICP.
Phase optimization of antenna array gain with constrained amplitude excitation

The formulation of antenna array optimization with variable phase and constant amplitude excitation is presented. The method shown using steepest ascents is general in that a nonlinear performance index expressible as a ratio of Hermitian quadratic forms can be optimized. Directive gain optimization of a linear array of isotropic elements is illustrated and compared with gain optimization using variable excitation. Endfire gain is emphasized and compared to the Hansen-Woodyard condition showing that the Hansen-Woodyard condition is not optimum in the directive gain sense for a discrete endfire array. In addition a 0.4\lambda spaced linear array is optimized using phase only for scanning from endfire to broadside.
Reducing Address Bus Transitions for Low Power Memory Mapping

We present low power techniques for mapping arrays in behavioral specifications to physical memory, specifically for memory intensive behaviors that exhibit regularity in their memory access patterns. Our approach exploits this regularity in memory accesses by reducing the number of transitions on the memory address bus. We study the impact of different strategies for mapping arrays in behaviors to physical memory, on power dissipation during memory accesses. We describe a heuristic for selecting a memory mapping strategy to achieve low power, and present an evaluation of the architecture that implements the mapping techniques to study the transition count overhead. Experiments on several image processing benchmarks indicate power savings of upto 63 % through reduced transition activity on the memory address bus.