cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oncological and functional outcomes of radical cystectomy and orthotopic bladder replacement in women.

Objective To report oncological and functional results in women undergoing radical cystectomy and orthotopic bladder replacement. Materials and Methods The charts of all women undergoing bladder replacement after radical cystectomy at UCSF through April 2008 were reviewed. Pathologic characteristics, survival (overall and disease-specific), and urinary functional outcomes are reported. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods, and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with incontinence, retention, and mortality. Results Fifty-six women with a mean follow-up of 35 months were analyzed. The cancer recurrence rate was 32%. Kaplan-Meier estimated 5-year recurrence-free, cancer-specific, and overall survival were 54%, 57%, and 47%, respectively. Pathologic lymph node status (HR 14.2, P Conclusions With careful patient selection and usage of urethral frozen section, rates of local recurrence are low. Overall rates of incontinence (43%) and hypercontinence (24%) are similar to those previously reported. When pathologically organ-confined, women have an excellent disease-specific survival. Orthotopic bladder replacement is a safe and effective form of urinary diversion after radical cystectomy in women.
Periodontitis detection efficacy of film and digital images

Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of alveolar crestal bone detection in a comparison of unenhanced and enhanced Sidexis (Siemens Medical Systems, Inc., Bensheim, Germany) digital images with Ektaspeed Plus (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, N.Y.) films by means of receiver operating characteristic analysis. Study Design. More than 100 proximal and furcal areas in the anterior and posterior areas of the mandible and maxilla of each of three tissue-equivalent human skull phantoms were imaged with film, direct digital images, and contrast- and brightness-enhanced digital images. Alveolar crest status was assessed by a consensus panel of three experts who used the Delphi method and evaluated information from all of the imaging modalities concurrently. Five observers assessed all images for the presence or absence of crestal bone loss using a five-point confidence scale. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated, and calculated areas (Az) were analyzed by means of analysis of variance. Results. The expert panel determined that of 106 crestal areas, 48 were disease free and 58 exhibited bone loss greater than 2 mm apical to the cemento-enamel junction. Analysis of variance of observer Az scores showed significant differences among readers (p < 0.001) and among readings (p = 0.027), but not among modalities (p = 0.435). Mean Az values for the different modalities were as follows: Sidexis, 0.70; enhanced Sidexis, 0.71; Ektaspeed Plus films, 0.735. Conclusion. The Sidexis digital imaging system was not significantly different from Ektaspeed Plus film for crestal bone evaluation in this in vitro study.
The EPISTLE text-critiquing system

The experimental EPISTLE system is intended to provide "intelligent" functions for processing business correspondence and other texts in an office environment. This paper focuses on the initial objectives of the system: critiquing written material on points of grammar and style. The overall system is described, with some details of the implementation, user interface, and the three levels of processing, especially the syntactic parsing of sentences with a computerized English grammar.
Distinctions between gap junctions and sites of intermediate filament attachment in the leech C.N.S.

Freeze-fracture studies on the nerve cord of the leechHirudo medicinalis reveal that the plasma membranes of various cells, including glial and muscle cells, contain at least two distinct types of aggregated intramembrane particles, identified as hemidesmosomes and gap junctions. Hemidesmosomes consist of angular particles irregularly arranged in circular or elongate patches in external leaflets (E-faces), and are associated with a bundle of intermediate filaments extending into the cytoplasm. Hemidesmosomes of specific axons abut on extracellular space at openings in the surrounding glial sheath. Gap junctions are patches of rounder particles in cytoplasmic leaflets (P-faces) and are more uniformly spaced; they have a corresponding array of pits in the complementary E-face. Gap junctions connect processes of adjacent smooth muscle cells, and apparently interconnect glial processes. Thus, different types of cells in the leech C.N.S. have similar intramembrane specializations. Moreover, the hemidesmosomes and gap junctions might, on superficial examination, be confused.
Novel Conjugated Molecules from Oxidation of a Cyclopentadienone Iron Tricarbonyl Complex.

Abstract Oxidation of tetrakis-diethylaminocyclopentadienone iron tricarbonyl (1) electrochemically or with nitrosonium hexafluorophosphate afforded the dication of tetrakisdiethylaminocyclopentadienone (3). Oxidation of 1 with bromine and aqueous workup gave diethylaminocyclobutenedione-N,N-diethylcarboxamide (4), which was also formed by the hydrolysis of 3. The structures of the products were confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
Path Finding with Variable Speed and Turning Radius

Under conditions requiring line-of-sight (LOS) communications, military units can benefit from a relaying system to connect nodes that do not have LOS to each other. An autonomous vehicle capable of positioning itself at an appropriate location, or moving between multiple locations as needed to maintain communications, can provide this capability while reducing the risk to personnel. If such a vehicle has sufficient capacity, it can also provide additional services such as local high-performance computing in an environment where these services would otherwise be unavailable. In order to move to the correct destination as quickly as possible, an off road navigation system should consider the constraints imposed by vehicle dynamics, because the fastest feasible path may have little similarity to the shortest possible path. This paper presents a method of determining a path with minimal travel time, and analyzes the effects that knowledge about the terrain has on the results of this algorithm.
ASSESSMENT OF AMERICAN AND BRITISH ARBORICULTURAL CLIMBING TECHNIQUES

Summary With the exception of better ropes and saddles, tree climbing methodologies have not changed significantly in 90 years. Climbing still takes an above average amount of strength and skill in order to ascend into the tree. Commercial arborists in both America and Britain are searching for a climbing system that will make it easier and safer for the climber to the work in the tree canopy. This paper reviews the history of commercial arboricultural climbing and reviews American and British climbing systems from an American perspective.
Applications of Operator Aid Computers in Plants

Duke Power Company installs a plant computer for each new generating unit which is called an Operator Aid Computer. Application at Oconee Nuclear Station, which is Duke's first commercial nuclear station has required new functions. The differences in the application at Oconee and future nuclear stations are compared to the functions required at previous fossil- fired stations.
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and cerebral Haemangiopericytoma: a potential association

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) a rare mesodermal phakomatosis consisting of capillary malformations, varicose veins, and limb hypertrophy, often associated with vascular malformations and benign tumours. A 33-year-old male presented with headaches secondary to a previously diagnosed intracranial tumour. He had a large blanching port-wine stain and hypertrophy of the left side of his body and limbs partial syndactyly of the 2nd and 3rd digits in all four extremities. The lesion was surgically resected and histology showed a Haemangiopericytoma. Thus KTS may be associated with intracranial Haemangiopericytomas, a malignant vascular tumour.
Biot number and thermos bottle effect: implications for magma-chamber convection

Thermal boundary conditions model the coupling between a convecting magmatic body and its host. Such conditions need to be considered in models of igneous systems that involve thermal histories, crystallization and fractionation of melt, formation of aureoles by contact metamorphism, and any other processes in which transport of heat plays a role. Usually, investigations of magmatic systems have tended to emphasize modeling the interior convective regime relative to treatment of the thermal coupling. Yet it is found that the thermal nature of an intrusion is likely to be influenced more by coupling to its host than by the details of internal convective flows. Evaluation of a parameter having the form of a Biot number ( Bi ) provides a basis for estimating which boundary conditions are most appropriate. It is found that Bi ≤0.1 (constant heat-flux limit) for models of several caldera systems. For such values of the Biot number, the host regime behaves somewhat like a thermos bottle by limiting the flow of heat through the magma-host system so that convective stirring of magma has little effect on the cooling rate of the intrusion. Because of this insulating effect, boundary temperatures assumed in convection models should approach magmatic values even if an active hydrothermal system is present. However, high boundary temperatures do not imply that melting and assimilation of host rock by magma must occur. Despite the thermos bottle effect, magmatic convection can still be quite vigorous.
Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo.

Adult fast muscle fibers express distinct myosin heavy chains (MyHC) in differing proportions, but the mechanisms underlying their differential expression remain undefined. We used a variety of in vitro and in vivo approaches to explore the contribution of transcriptional regulation to adult fast MyHC expression. Here we show that 800–1000 bp of a sequence upstream of the three mouse adult fast MyHC genes (Ia, IIb, and IId/x) are sufficient to drive muscle-specific and fiber-specific expression in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation. Finally, we demonstrate that regions upstream of 300 bp modulate the effects of these elements. Together, these data demonstrate that the quantitative differences in MyHC expression in mouse skeletal muscle have evolved at least in part through the elimination of positive-acting transcription factor binding sites.
Lymphocyte transformation studies of sea mammal blood.

Erster Nachweis der in vitro-Stimulation peripherer Blutlymphozyten bei Meersaugern durch Phytohamagglutinin und «pokeweed»-Mitogen.
Nickel analyses of metallic meteorites by the electron-probe microanalyser

Abstract The electron-probe microanalyser was used to obtain Ni analyses of separate phases in nine metallic and one stony meteorite. Proper surface preparation and adequate calibration were found to be important. Kamacite composition was uniform throughout the phase. In swathing kamacite, however, Ni became appreciably lower near a schreibersite inclusion. Taenite exhibited a marked composition gradient which increased at the taenite-kamacite interface. The Ni content of fine plessite was intermediate. It also exhibited a Ni concentration gradient, which was continuous with that of adjacent taenite. There facts accord with cooling of the original meteorite body or bodies over a long period of time to a temperature of 300°C or lower. The time was short of that required to produce uniform composition taenite, or uniform composition kamacite near schreibersite inclusions.
Update on design simulations for NIF ignition targets, and the rollup of all specifications into an error budget

Targets intended to produce ignition on NIF are being simulated and the simulations are used to set specifications for target fabrication and other program elements. Recent design work has focused on designs that assume only 1.0 MJ of laser energy instead of the previous 1.6 MJ. To perform with less laser energy, the hohlraum has been redesigned to be more efficient than previously, and the capsules are slightly smaller. Three hohlraum designs are being examined: gas fill, SiO2 foam fill, and SiO2 lined. All have a cocktail wall, and shields mounted between the capsule and the laser entrance holes. Two capsule designs are being considered. One has a graded doped Be(Cu) ablator, and the other graded doped CH(Ge). Both can perform acceptably with recently demonstrated ice layer quality, and with recently demonstrated outer surface roughness. Complete tables of specifications are being prepared for both targets, to be completed this fiscal year. All the specifications are being rolled together into an error budget indicating adequate margin for ignition with the new designs. The dominant source of error is hohlraum asymmetry at intermediate modes 4–8, indicating the importance of experimental techniques to measure and control this asymmetry.
Petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity studies: XII. Animal and human response to vapors of “40 Thinner”

Abstract The suggested hygienic standard for “40 Thinner”, based upon the results of inhalation studies with rats and dogs and the sensory response of human subjects, is 0.15 mg/liter (25 ppm). Rats tolerated 0.20 mg/liter (33 ppm) and dogs 0.25 mg/liter (41 ppm) for 7 and 8 hr, respectively, without visible discomfort. Inhalation by rats for 7 hr of a
Diffraction by periodic arrays of dielectric cylinders

A simple theory of diffraction of plane waves by periodic arrays of dielectric cylinders is presented and compared with experimental results. The diffraction regime in which multiple diffracted waves with similar intensities exist is quantified.
Markers of heterogeneous reaction products in α-pinene ozone secondary organic aerosol

A gas chromatograph iontrap mass spectrometer (GC-ITMS) was used to analyze the gas-and particle-phase products of α-pinene ozone oxidation in the presence of three different inorganic seed aerosols: sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate only, and ammonium sulfate with sulfuric acid. Products of α-pinene ozone oxidation common to the literature showed little difference in gas or particle-phase concentrations between seed types within the precision of the measurements even though significantly different aerosol yields were found between seed types. Small amounts of ring-opening products of four-membered cyclic oxygenates and markers of aldol condensation products were tentatively identified in the particle-phase for all seed types. These tentatively identified products are thought to be the result of acid-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions in the particle-phase or during sampling processes or analysis. The mechanisms for their formation are also proposed in this study.
Moderate deviations for m-dependent random variables with Banach space values

A theorem on the moderate deviations for m-dependent random vectors is established in this paper.
Electron degradation and yields of initial products: V. Degradation spectra, the ionization yield, and the Fano factor for argon under electron irradiation

The electron-degradation spectrum is fundamental for describing a variety of quantities bearing on electron slowing-down processes in matter. We calculate the electron-degradation spectrum in Ar gas by solving the Spencer-Fano equation, using a realistic set of cross sections. The influence of Auger electrons on the degradation spectrum is studied in detail. As an application, we study the statistical fluctuations in the ionization yield, which are expressed in terms of the Fano factor F(T) for an electron incident at fixed energy T. The energy dependence of F(T) is greatly influenced by L-shell ionization. The Fano factor approaches an asymptotic value of 0.16 at T=2 keV. Our results are consistent with experimental results.
Improved methods for the acquisition and interpretation of NMR metabolomic data.

Abstract The high spectral congestion typically observed in one-dimensional (1D) 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of tissue extracts and biofluids limits the metabolic information that can be extracted. This study evaluates the application of two-dimensional J-resolved (JRES) spectroscopy for metabolomics, which can provide proton-decoupled projected 1D spectra (p-JRES). This approach is illustrated by an investigation of embryogenesis in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), an established fish model for developmental toxicology. When combined with optimized spectral pre-processing, 2 including a 0.005-ppm bin width for data segmentation and a logarithmic transformation, the reduced congestion in the p-JRES spectra increases the likelihood that a specific metabolite can be accurately integrated and thus increases the extractable information content of the spectra. Principal components analysis of the p-JRES spectra reveals the concept of a developmental trajectory that summarizes the changes in the NMR-visible metabolome throughout medaka embryogenesis. Advantages and potential disadvantages of the p-JRES approach are discussed.
LEFT DISLOCATION IN NEAR-NATIVE FRENCH

The present study is concerned with the upper limits of SLA—specifically, mastery of the syntax-discourse interface in successful endstate learners of second-language (L2) French (near-native speakers). Left dislocation (LD) is a syntactic means of structuring spoken French discourse by marking topic. Its use requires speakers to coordinate syntactic and pragmatic or discursive knowledge, an interface at which L2 learners have been shown to encounter difficulties (e.g., Sorace, 1993; Sorace & Filiaci, 2006). The data come from (a) an 8.5-hr corpus that consists of recordings of 10 dyadic conversations between near-native and native speakers of French and (b) two contextualized paper and audio tasks that tested intuitions and preferences regarding LD. Analyses of the near-native speakers’ production of LDs, the syntactic properties of their LDs, and their use of LDs to promote different types of discourse referents to topic status suggest that their mastery of this aspect of discourse organization converges on that of native speakers.
Basis expansion model for underwater acoustic channels

Underwater acoustic communications (UAC) channels are widely perceived as being doubly selective in both time and frequency domain. Basis expansion model (BEM) is an approximation of the time-varying channel with a parsimonious set of BEM coefficients, which facilitates coherent and differential schemes resilient to doubly selectivity of UAC channels. Different BEMs not only approximate the channels with different accuracy levels, but also induce different effects on the model fitting bias and the additive noise. In this paper, we will first show how our previously proposed coherent and differential schemes based on discrete Fourier transform (DFT) BEM can be modified to accommodate other BEMs. We will then analyze the tradeoff between the channel modeling accuracy and bias/noise effect. Our analyses, simulations and experiment results confirm that BEM is a powerful tool in UAC. Additionally, in the choice among various BEM options, not only the modeling accuracy has to be considered, the nature of the model fitting bias and the noise effect also have to be taken into account.
Maximizing the Utility of Proteomics An Educational Series

The goal of proteomics is the maximal exploration of proteins. Proteomics strives to identify, characterize, and quantify the physical status of an individual protein, complex, subproteome, or complete proteome at a chosen biological moment. This scientific discipline is driven by the development and implementation of technologies that can rapidly interrogate the primary amino acid sequence, posttranslational modification status, structure, and …
Performance bounds of partial run-time reconfiguration in high-performance reconfigurable computing

High-Performance Reconfigurable Computing (HPRC) systems have always been characterized by their high performance and flexibility. Flexibility has been traditionally exploited through the Run-Time Reconfiguration (RTR) provided by most of the available platforms. However, the RTR feature comes with the cost of high configuration overhead which might negatively impact the overall performance. Currently, modern FPGAs have more advanced mechanisms for reducing the configuration overheads, particularly Partial Run-Time Reconfiguration (PRTR). It has been perceived that PRTR on HPRC systems can be the trend for improving the performance. In this work, we will investigate the potential of PRTR on HPRC by formally analyzing the execution model and experimentally verifying our analytical findings by enabling PRTR for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, on one of the state-of-the-art HPRC systems, Cray XD1. Our approach is general and can be applied to any of the available HPRC systems. The paper will conclude with recommendations and conditions, based on our conceptual and experimental work, for the optimal utilization of PRTR as well as possible future usage in HPRC.
Measurements of housing density along transmission lines.

One of the fundamental inputs to models of population exposure to the power-frequency fields of high-voltage transmission lines is the density of population about the lines. We examined aerial photographs of over 1,700 km of transmission corridor to characterize the density of nearby housing units. The data show that the density of houses within 200 m of transmission lines (1) is typically smaller than the average density of houses in the local utility's service area, (2) tends to increase with distance from the line, and (3) is inversely correlated with line voltage.
Analysis of DSRC based MAC protocols for VANETs

The main challenges in formulating efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are the fast mobility of vehicular nodes and hence, the high dynamicity of the network. VANETs present unique characteristics and hence, most MAC protocols for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) might not be appropriate for VANETs. Research in the field of MAC protocols for VANETs has led to several novel ideas being proposed. This article reviews MAC protocols adaptable for VANETs and compares most recently proposed novel MAC protocols, which consider the 5.9 GHz or Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) band. We attempt to demonstrate how three such proposed VANET MAC protocols have the potential to be combined to realize a MAC protocol that addresses the major requirements of VANETs, namely: efficient use of spectrum, minimization of packet delay, as well as authentication, security and prioritized delivery of safety messages.
Use of complementary/integrative nutritional therapies during cancer treatment: implications in clinical practice.

BackgroundThe objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and characterize the use of complementary/integrative nutritional therapies (CINTs) by patients during cancer treatment.Metho...
Genomic organization of the channel catfish CD45 functional gene and CD45 pseudogenes

CD45 is a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase, which in mammals plays an important role in T and B cell receptor and cytokine signaling. Recently, a catfish cDNA was shown to contain all characteristic CD45 features: an alternatively spliced amino-terminus, a cysteine-rich region, three fibronectin domains, a transmembrane region, and two phosphotyrosine phosphatase domains. However, analyses of CD45 cDNAs from various catfish lymphoid cell lines demonstrated that catfish CD45 is unique in that it contains a large number of alternatively spliced exons. Sequence analyses of cDNAs derived from the catfish clonal B cell line 3B11 indicated that this cell line expresses up to 13 alternatively spliced exons. Furthermore, sequence similarity among the alternatively spliced exons suggested duplication events. To establish the exact number and organization of alternatively spliced exons, a bacterial artificial chromosome library was screened, and the catfish functional CD45 gene plus six CD45 pseudogenes were sequenced. The catfish functional CD45 gene spans 37 kb and contains 49 exons. In comparison, the human and pufferfish CD45 genes consist of 34 and 30 exons, respectively. This difference in the otherwise structurally conserved catfish gene is due to the presence of 18 alternatively spliced exons that were likely derived through several duplication events. In addition, duplication events were also likely involved in generating the six pseudogenes, truncated at the 3′ ends. A similarly 3′ truncated CD45 pseudogene is also present in the pufferfish genome, suggesting that this specific CD45 gene duplication occurred before catfish and pufferfish diverged (∼400 million years ago).
Vaccination against Chlamydial Genital Tract Infection after Immunization with Dendritic Cells Pulsed Ex Vivo with Nonviable Chlamydiae

Chlamydia trachomatis , an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen of mucosal surfaces, is a major cause of preventable blindness and sexually transmitted diseases for which vaccines are badly needed. Despite considerable effort, antichlamydial vaccines have proven to be elusive using conventional immunization strategies. We report the use of murine bone marrow–derived dendritic cells (DC) pulsed ex vivo with killed chlamydiae as a novel approach to vaccination against chlamydial infection. Our results show that DC efficiently phagocytose chlamydiae, secrete IL-12 p40, and present chlamydial antigen(s) to infection sensitized CD4+ T cells. Mice immunized intravenously with chlamydial-pulsed DC produce protective immunity against chlamydial infection of the female genital tract equal to that obtained after infection with live organisms. Immunized mice shed ∼3 logs fewer infectious chlamydiae and are protected from genital tract inflammatory and obstructive disease. Protective immunity is correlated with a chlamydial-specific Th1-biased response that closely mimics the immune response produced after chlamydial infection. Thus, ex vivo antigen-pulsed DC represent a powerful tool for the study of protective immunity to chlamydial mucosal infection and for the identification of chlamydial protective antigens through reconstitution experiments. Moreover, these findings might impact the design of vaccine strategies against other medically important sexually transmitted diseases for which vaccines are sought but which have proven difficult to develop.
Electrical bias level influence on THB results of plastic encapsulated NMOS 4K RAM's

Samples of plastic encapsulated NMOS/LSI dynamic 4K RAM's were placed on 85°C/85-percent relative humidity (RH) tests at four different bias levels. No level exceeded specification maxima. Tests were continued as long as practical to allow observation of the entire failure distribution of most of the test groups. Over 394 000 actual device-hours were accumulated. Detailed failure analysis was performed on all failures to allow for proper censoring of life test data. Censored failure mechanisms included mobile ionic contamination, package lead corrosion and plating, electrical overstress (mishandling), tester error, and in several cases, electroplating of gold from the ball bonds. Failure data representing only failures due to moisture-related electrochemical corrosion of the IC aluminum metallization were analyzed. This failure mechanism accounted for 78 percent of the failures. Failure distributions of each test group were of log-normal nature. Three test groups were studied (Chip A/Package 1, Chip B/Package 1, and Chip B/Package 2). Test results indicated an exponential acceleration of the failure rate with increase in electrical bias level. Bias versus median life curves for the three test groups examined as a composite allow for statements as to the moisture-resistance characteristics of the packages and of the IC chips.
Orality, Writing, and Phantom Sources: Appeals to Ancient Media in Some Recent Challenges to the Two Document Hypothesis

In different ways and with quite different outcomes Dunn, Mournet, Baum, and Burkett invoke practices associated with orality and writing in the ancient world to call into question all or some aspects of the Two Document Hypothesis and to build rationales for alternative source hypotheses. In a criticism of their appeals to ancient media this essay works out the significance of cultural practices associated with orality, writing, and memory for further work on the synoptic problem, especially as regards the uneven patterns of variation and agreement in the tradition.
Control of Dynamic Systems with Time-Periodic Coefficients via the Lyapunov-Floquet Transformation and Backstepping Technique

We address the problem of designing controllers that guarantee asymptotic stability of a class of linear as well as nonlinear dynamical systems with time-periodic coefficients. Using a repeated procedure consisting of the Lyapunov-Floquet transformation, the backstepping technique, and Floquet theory, the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop linearized system is guaranteed. Further, a Lyapunov matrix for the closed-loop asymptotically stable linearized system is constructed. This Lyapunov function is then used to design a combination of linear and nonlinear controllers in order to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the nonlinear system. The methodology is illustrated by designing linear and nonlinear control laws for a system consisting of two statically coupled pendula, each subjected to a time-periodic force acting in the axial direction.
Studies in Non-Specific Complement Fixation. III. The Influence of Splenectomy and Anesthetics on the Non-Specific Complement Fixation Sometimes Shown by Normal Rabbit and Dog Sera

This investigation was undertaken in the hope of obtaining some understanding of the part played by the spleen in hemolysis and of the mechanism by which the red cells develop an increased resistance to hemolytic agents after splenectomy. Antischkow1 has shown that the feeding of rabbits with cholesterin leads to an increased deposition of anisotropic fats in the spleen. Eppinger2 and King3 have found that dog's blood after splenectomy shows an increase in total fats and cholesterin and a decrease in unsaturated fatty acids. These observations naturally suggest that if the spleen has such an important influence on fat and lipoid metabolism, this mechanism may in some way be concerned in the changes which the spleen effects in the red cells. That the change in the red cells which is responsible for their increased resistance to hemolytic agents after splenectomy is a characteristic of the cells themselves and not a change in the serum, is indicated by the work of Karsner and Pearce,4 tho it must be admitted in view of King's results that it may be an antihemolytic power of the serum, dependent upon an increase in cholesterin content. As stated in the first paper5 of this series, several investigators have noted the occurrence in presumably normal rabbits of positive complement fixation with lipoidal antigens. The reason for this is not known, but we have evidence at hand that lipoidal substances
Examining the Reliability, Validity and Factor Structure of the DRS-15 with College Athletes

Hardiness, comprising feelings of commitment, control and challenge, is most frequently measured with the Dispositional Resiliency Scale (DRS), but little work has been done with the brief 15-item version. To examine the factor structure, reliability, validity, and item functioning for gender invariance of the 15-item DRS with 525 collegiate athletes from a wide range of sports. Convergent and divergent validity were examined through relationships with mental toughness, grit and competitive anxiety. Participants completed measures of mental toughness, optimism, grit, competitive anxiety, and the DRS-15. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed a poor fit for the three-factor hardiness model, and subsequent exploratory factor analysis yielded a four-factor model with better fit than the three-factor structure. Additionally, several items appear to be biased towards males or females. The fourth factor may be unique to the collegiate athlete population, and related to perceived lack of control in future life directions. Convergent and divergent validity were supported through correlations of DRS scores with related measures. The four-factor model should be tested with different samples to determine if these changes should be adapted when using the DRS-15 in collegiate athletics or other settings.
Toward automated prediction of manufacturing productivity based on feature selection using topological data analysis

In this paper, we extend the application of topological data analysis (TDA) to the field of manufacturing for the first time to the best of our knowledge. We apply a particular TDA method, known as the Mapper algorithm, on a benchmark chemical processing data set. The algorithm yields a topological network that captures the intrinsic clusters and connections among the clusters present in the high-dimensional data set, which are difficult to detect using traditional methods. We select key process variables or features that impact the final product yield by analyzing the shape of this network. We then use three prediction models to evaluate the impact of the selected features. Results show that the models achieve the same level of high prediction accuracy as with all the process variables, thereby, providing a way to carry out process monitoring and control in a more cost-effective manner.
Structural Heterogeneity in Pre-40S Ribosomes

Late-stage 40S ribosome assembly is a highly regulated dynamic process that occurs in the cytoplasm, alongside the full translation machinery. Seven assembly factors (AFs) regulate and facilitate maturation, but the mechanisms through which they work remain undetermined. Here, we present a series of structures of the immature small subunit (pre-40S) determined by three-dimensional (3D) cryoelectron microscopy with 3D sorting to assess the molecule's heterogeneity. These structures demonstrate an extensive structural heterogeneity of interface AFs that likely regulates subunit joining during 40S maturation. We also present structural models for the beak and the platform, two regions where the low resolution of previous studies did not allow for localization of AFs and the rRNA, respectively. These models are supported by biochemical analyses using point variants and suggest that maturation of the 18S 3' end is regulated by dissociation of the AF Dim1 from the subunit interface, consistent with previous biochemical analyses.
Polymers in the Co-delivery of siRNA and Anticancer Drugs for the Treatment of Drug-resistant Cancers.

Recently, co-delivery of siRNA and anticancer drugs has drawn much attention in the treatment of drug-resistant cancers. Drug resistance is exhibited by cancer cells, which limits the efficacy of chemotherapy. When siRNA and anticancer drugs are delivered into cancer cells simultaneously, the siRNA is expected to silence the genes related to drug resistance, decreasing the drug efflux pumps and activating the cell’s apoptosis pathways. In a timeframe following the release of siRNA, the accumulation of the co-delivered anti-cancer drug inside of the cancer cells will increase, resulting in promoted chemotherapeutic effects. Several classes of nanocarriers have been designed based on polymers for co-delivery, including surface-modified polymer nanoparticles (NPs), polymer micelles, dendrimers, polymer nanocapsules, polymer-modified liposomes, and polymer-modified silica and gold NPs. Compared with separate delivery, co-delivery showed significant advantages in the treatment of drug-resistant cancers. This review focuses on polymers in the co-delivery of siRNA and anticancer drugs, and summarizes key advances in the recent several years.
Engaging Community Leaders in the Development of a Cardiovascular Health Behavior Survey Using Focus Group–Based Cognitive Interviewing

Establishing the validity of health behavior surveys used in community-based participatory research (CBPR) in diverse populations is often overlooked. A novel, group-based cognitive interviewing method was used to obtain qualitative data for tailoring a survey instrument designed to identify barriers to improved cardiovascular health in at-risk populations in Washington, DC. A focus group–based cognitive interview was conducted to assess item comprehension, recall, and interpretation and to establish the initial content validity of the survey. Thematic analysis of verbatim transcripts yielded 5 main themes for which participants (n = 8) suggested survey modifications, including survey item improvements, suggestions for additional items, community-specific issues, changes in the skip logic of the survey items, and the identification of typographical errors. Population-specific modifications were made, including the development of more culturally appropriate questions relevant to the community. Group-based cognitive interviewing provided an efficient and effective method for piloting a cardiovascular health survey instrument using CBPR.
Predicting workplace aggression: reciprocal aggression, organizational, and individual antecedents

Although researchers have suggested that aggression is multiply determined, most studies examine only a small set of predictors, focusing on either situational or individual or reciprocal motives. Research has not studied extensively the relative strength of multiple antecedent sets. Using questionnaire data (n = 366), the current study examines eleven antecedents of employees engaging in aggression: situational antecedents (i.e., procedural, distributive, and interpersonal justice; organizational, work group, and job related stress), individual difference antecedents (i.e., Type A behavior, trait anger, reactions to anger), and reciprocal effects (i.e., being the target of aggression). Individual difference antecedents and being the target of aggression influence the frequency with which employees report engaging in aggression. Situational antecedents are not significant predictors once other antecedents are taken into account.
Primed for Pathogens

A 50-year-old woman with a history of congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, obstructive sleep apnea, morbid obesity, and severe, chronic lymphedema presented to the emergency department. She complained of right lower extremity pain, redness, and swelling. During the previous several years, she had been treated for soft tissue infections of both lower extremities caused by a variety of bacterial pathogens including Actinomyces, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus avium.
Aerobic Exercise Sustains Performance of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Early-Stage Alzheimer Disease.

First place winner of poster presentations at the 18th Annual Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity Forum (URCAF) held at the Rhatigan Student Center, Wichita State University, April 6, 2018.
Speed-Accuracy Tradeoffs on an Affective Lexical Decision Task: Implications for the Affect Regulation Theory of Psychopathy

Evidence for performance deficits in psychopathic offenders on emotional processing tasks have been documented. However, studies that show performance improvements or elimination of anomalies under certain conditions are not consistent with a general insensitivity to emotion stimuli. The current study tests the hypothesis set forth by the Affect Regulation Theory (Penney and Kosson, manuscript submitted to Clinical Psychological Science) that psychopathic participants’ performance on an affective lexical decision task will reflect a speed-accuracy trade-off wherein accuracy on emotion-word trials correlates with response latency among psychopathic participants but not controls. Participants were 86 incarcerated male offenders divided into three groups using scores on the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and DSM-IV criteria for ASPD (non-ASPD/non-psychopathic, ASPD/non-psychopathic; and ASPD + psychopathic). There was a significant Group x Response latency interaction for negative word trials, with greater accuracy associated with slower response times on negative word trials for ASPD + psychopathic individuals but not for the other groups. The implications of these results for hypotheses about emotional functioning in psychopathic offenders and for the recently proposed ART are discussed.
Older Adults' Utilization of Community Resources Targeting Fall Prevention and Physical Activity.

Background and objectives Despite the availability of community resources, fall and inactivity rates remain high among older adults. Thus, in this article, we describe older adults' self-reported awareness and use of community resources targeting fall prevention and physical activity. Research design and methods In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted in Phase 1 with community center leaders (n = 5) and adults (n = 16) ≥70 years old whose experience with community programs varied. In Phase 2, surveys were administered to intervention study participants (n = 102) who were ≥70 years old, did not have a diagnosis of dementia, and reported low levels of physical activity. Results Four themes emerged from Phase 1 data: (a) identifying a broad range of local community resources; (b) learning from trusted sources; (c) the dynamic gap between awareness and use of community resources; and (d) using internal resources to avoid falls. Phase 2 data confirmed these themes; enabled the categorization of similar participant-identified resources (10); and showed that participants who received encouragement to increase community resource use, compared to those who did not, had significantly greater odds of using ≥1 resource immediately postintervention, but not 6 months' postintervention. Discussion and implications Although participants in this study were aware of a broad range of local community resources for physical activity, they used resources that support walking most frequently. Additionally, receiving encouragement to use community resources had short-term effects only. Findings improve our understanding of resources that need bolstering or better dissemination and suggest researchers identify best promotion, dissemination, implementation strategies.
Results of Simultaneous Hybrid Operation in Multi-level Arterial Occlusive Disease

Purpose: Hybrid procedure in lower extremity arterial disease is composed of open bypass and endovascular treatment. For proximal inflow bypass operations for distal lesions used to be performed 1 or 2 weeks after endovascular therapy. Since Aug 2005, all hybrid operations have been performed simultaneously in the operation room in our center. In this study, we compared the results of the staged hybrid operations with those of simultaneous procedures. Methods: From Jan 1999 to Dec 2009, 115 endovascular treatments and 139 bypass operations were performed. 44 bypasses were performed 1 day to 14 days after angioplasty in inflow lesions (group I) and 95 bypasses were performed simultaneously in the operation room with mobile fluoroscopy (group II). In both groups, inflow procedures included 3 femoral balloon angioplasties, 3 femoral stents, 24 iliac balloon angioplasties and 85 iliac stents. Bypass operations were composed of 39 femorofemoral and 102 infrainguinal bypasses including 60 femoropopliteal and 42 other bypasses. Results: The 3-year patency rate of bypass graft is 71.5%. There is no difference in either group. But in endovascular treatment lesion, the 3-year patency rate is 80% and that of the simultaneous group is higher than that of the staged group (P
La ley natural en Francisco de Suárez: exaltación de la libertad

The Suaretian formulation on the natural law offers one of the most brilliant and accomplished elaborations of the ius-naturalistic tradition. In this article we analyze the keys from which Suarez formulates his proposal, that finds in the concept of freedom its starting point. From the radical and inalienable call to the human being to the exercise of his freedom, Suarez reveals the essence of its elaboration, one of whose consequences would end by decanting —later on— the concept of subjective right. We also pay special attention to the epistemological aspects of its system, which we consider essential to approach a correct understanding of the Suaretian ius-naturalistic proposal. For this purpose, we offer a close comparison between the Suaretian system and the Thomistic epistemology of the natural law.
Reactivity and Specificity of RNase T1, RNase A, and RNase H toward Oligonucleotides of RNA Containing 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine.

Understanding how oxidatively damaged RNA interacts with ribonucleases is important because of its proposed role in the development and progression of disease. Thus, understanding structural aspects of RNA containing lesions generated under oxidative stress, as well as its interactions with other biopolymers, is fundamental. We explored the reactivity of RNase A, RNase T1, and RNase H toward oligonucleotides of RNA containing 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8oxoG). This is the first example that addresses this relationship and will be useful for understanding (1) how these RNases can be used to characterize the structural impact that this lesion has on RNA and (2) how oxidatively modified RNA may be handled intracellularly. 8-OxoG was incorporated into 10–16-mers of RNA, and its reactivity with each ribonuclease was assessed via electrophoretic analyses, circular dichroism, and the use of other C8-purine-modified analogues (8-bromoguanosine, 8-methoxyguanosine, and 8-oxoadenosine). RNase T1 does not recognize...
Neuropsychology and Self-Reported Early Delinquency in an Unselected Birth Cohort: A Preliminary Report from New Zealand

Neuropsychology is the applied science of brain-behavior relations; it relates observable behavior deficits to brain dysfunction or damage. The neuropsychologist uses assessment instruments to quantify subjects’ levels of performance on tasks which sample a variety of functions (new learning, remote memory, language, sensory perception, etc.). Where specific brain systems or processes are known to provide the substrate for normal performance of these functions, subnormal test scores may be used to infer dysfunction of those processes or damage in those systems. This clinical role of providing diagnostic information about brain injured soldiers initiated neuropsychological assessment (Luria, 1966, 1973).
Comparative Cytology of Alveolar and Peritoneal Macrophages from Germfree Rats

Differences between alveolar macrophages (AM) and peritoneal macrophages (PM) have been reported by several investigators. Myrvik et al. [1], Dannenberg et al. [2], Cohn and Wiener [3], and Leake et al. [4], foundthat rabbit AM contained higher levels of hydrolases than oil-induced PM, and that AM exhibited a higher rate of endogenous oxygen consumption than oil-induced PM [4]. Oren et al. [5] studied the phagocytic process in guinea pig AM and casein-induced PM and reported that AM depend to a considerable degree upon oxidative phosphorylation as a source of energy for phagocytosis. In contrast, PM apparently depend only on glycolysis as the source of energy for that function.