cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Inpatients with Panic Disorder or Agoraphobia with Panic Attacks

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been meticulously investigated in psychiatric illness, particularly in depression (Sachar et al. 1973; Sachar 1975). The Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) as a measure of the integrity of inhibitory feedback loops (Carroll et al. 1981; Stokes et al. 1984; Arana et al. 1985) of the HPA axis has received much attention. Though some controversy remains (Arana et al. 1985), there appears to be a general consensus that moderate to severe major depressive disorder (MDD), particularly in older inpatients, will lead to disinhibition of the HPA axis in a significant number of patients. On tbe other hand, the DST in patients with panic attacks (PA)-panic disorder (PD) and agoraphobia-has consistently yielded suppression in a
A refined Hurwitz theorem for imbeddings of irredundant Cayley graphs

Abstract Hurwitz's theorem states that the order of any finite group acting on a surface of genus γ > 1 is bounded by 168(γ − 1). It can be refined to give useful information about groups whose order is near this bound. In this paper, similar results are obtained for Cayley graphs imbedded in a surface of genus γ. These results have important implications for the classification of Cayley graphs of low genus and the number of Cayley graphs of a given genus.
Optical evaluation of the microchannel spatial light modulator

The spatial light modulator (SLM) is a critical element in most optical processing systems. Different devices on the market today include the Hughes Liquid Crystal Light Valve (LCLV), the Ferroelectric LCLV, the GEC-Marconi LCLV, the Semetex MOSLM, Liquid Crystal Televisions, and the Deformable Mirror Device. The parameters of the above modulators have been evaluated at the Army Missile Command's Photonics and Optical Sciences Labs at Redstone Arsenal in an effort to determine the utility of these modulators as image transducers in optical correlator architectures. This paper will focus on another device perhaps applicable to optical correlators, the Microchannel Spatial Light Modulator (MSLM). The results of speed, maximum resolution, and visibility measurements will be presented.
Accumulation of nitrogen oxides in copper-limited cultures of denitrifying bacteria

Three strains of heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria were cultured in artificial seawater medium under trace metal clean conditions to investigate their physiological response to changes in copper concentration. Decreasing the copper concentration in cultures of Pseudomonas stutzeri and Paracoccus denitrificans resulted in accumulation of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) gas compared to copper-replete cultures and cessation of growth before complete denitrification to dinitrogen. Correspondingly, the activity of the copper enzyme nitrous oxide reductase, measured for P. denitrificans cultures, was high in copper-replete cultures and was below detection in copper-deficient cultures. Addition of copper to copper-deficient cultures following the accumulation of N 2 O resulted in resumption of growth and complete consumption of N 2 O in solution. Growth of the third strain, WLB20, in copper-deficient medium caused a marked accumulation of nitrite, suggesting that WLB20 has the copper form of nitrite reductase. These observations suggest a role for trace metals in regulating redox cycling of nitrogen and trace gas production in the ocean.
Synergistic Use of Satellite Laser Altimetry and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission DEM for Estimating Ground Elevation Over Mountainous Vegetated Areas

Topography is fundamental to numerous environmental studies for understanding Earth surface processes. With a near global coverage, satellite lidar Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) onboard Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) provides valuable terrain elevation information via Gaussian decomposition of its waveforms. It is commonly assumed that the lowest decomposed Gaussian peak corresponds to terrain surface. Although this assumption is valid over flat areas with sparse canopy, it might be problematic over sloped areas with surface objects. This letter proposes a new algorithm to estimate ground elevation over mountainous vegetated areas using GLAS data in conjunction with Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission Digital Elevation Models (SRTM DEMs). It was found that incorporating SRTM DEM can reduce the bias of the mean ground elevation estimates by up to 1-3 m. This letter also suggests that more research is needed for improving ground elevation estimates over mountainous areas with relatively open canopy.
Assessing the usefulness of SEC Form 20-F disclosures using return and volume metrics: The case of U.K. firms

This study examines the price and volume effects of the release, in the United States, of accounting numbers by U.K. firms. These U.K. firms report accounting numbers to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) using Form 20-F. The results suggest the existence of unexpected returns but no corresponding U.S. market trading response. This finding is consistent with the notion that investors lack easy access to the disclosure. The lack of a volume response suggests that only a small group of investors find Form 20-F informative.
A mindfulness-acceptance-commitment-based approach to athletic performance enhancement: Theoretical considerations

While traditional cognitive-behavioral skills-training-based approaches to athletic performance enhancement posit that negative thoughts and emotions must be controlled, eliminated, or replaced for athlete-clients to perform optimally, recent evidence suggests that efforts to control, eliminate, or suppress these internal states may actually have the opposite effect. Interventions based on mindfulness and acceptance suggest that internal cognitive and emotional states need not be eliminated, changed, or controlled in order to facilitate positive behavioral outcomes. Rather, it is suggested that an alternative or supplemental approach to the enhancement of athletic performance may be achieved through strategies and techniques that target the development of mindful (nonjudgmental) present-moment acceptance of internal experiences such as thoughts, feelings, and physical sensations, along with a clarification of valued goals and enhanced attention to external cues, responses, and contingencies that are required for optimal athletic performance.
The role of endothelin in coronary atherosclerosis.

During the evolution of coronary atherosclerosis, growth factors, cytokines, and other molecules are involved in cell recruitment, migration, and proliferation. Endothelin is an endothelial-derived vasoconstrictor peptide that possesses mitogenic properties. In this review, current evidence is provided that suggests that endothelin fulfills proposed criteria to be considered an atherogenic peptide because of its mitogenic and proliferative properties, as well as its interactions with known atherogenic factors. In addition, a proposed role of endothelin in the evolution of atherosclerosis is outlined.
Introduction to the AJA research forum on hearing screening in adults and older adults.

Purpose To illustrate the overall project that led to the development of a series of research forums highlighting several key contributions to AHS 2012, the 2nd International Conference on Adult He...
Pavement information system: Detection, classification and evaluation

This paper presents a method for pavement crack detection, classification and evaluation using the Radon transform. The detection part of the algorithm is built upon the wavelet transform and the evaluation part is considered in the Radon transform domain. Since cracks have specific linear features in the space domain, the Radon transform can effectively be used on a binary image to classify and evaluate the cracks based on their possible patterns. The proposed algorithm assumes the fact that crack pixels are darker than their surroundings. The simulation results show that the proposed method is very effective and can provide information about the type and severity of the pavement cracks.
Fluoride impairment of glucose utilization: Nature of effect in rats during and after continuous NaF infusion

Intravenous infusion of 6 mg of fluoride/kg/hr for 3 hr caused a sharp decrease in formation of respiratory 14 CO 2 from [ 14 C]glucose, regardless of position of the label. Oxidation of [1- 14 C]fructose was not impaired, indicating that triose metabolism was not hindered; this information, along with the similarity in depression of metabolism of all labels indicated that glycolysis was not impaired. Glycogen deposition was decreased. The data suggest that the interference caused by fluoride at the observed concentrations is located at or prior to phosphorylation of glucose.
Neurovirulence determinants of genetically engineered Theiler viruses.

Abstract Theiler murine encephalomyelitis viruses (TMEVs) are picornaviruses that cause enteric and neurological disease in mice. The GDVII strain and other members of the GDVII subgroup are highly virulent and cause an acute, fatal polioencephalomyelitis following intracerebral inoculation, whereas the DA stain and other members of the TO subgroup cause a persistent, demyelinating infection. We previously produced a full-length, infectious DA cDNA clone. We now describe the generation of a full-length, infectious GDVII cDNA clone and the subsequent production of intratypic chimeric cDNAs and intratypic recombinant viruses. Inoculation of the recombinant viruses into mice demonstrated that a major determinant of TMEV neurovirulence is within the GDVII 1B (capsid protein VP2)-2C coding region, most likely in the GDVII 1B (VP2)-2A coding region. Genomic sequences 5' to this region of GDVII RNA also contribute to expression of the full neurovirulence phenotype. These data demonstrate the multigenic nature of TMEV neurovirulence, as has been reported for other viruses.
Altered amygdala connectivity in urban youth exposed to trauma

Early life trauma exposure represents a potent risk factor for the development of mental illnesses such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, deleterious consequences of trauma are exacerbated in youth living in impoverished, urban environments. A priori probability maps were used to examine resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of the amygdala in 21 trauma-exposed, and 21 age- and sex-matched urban children and adolescents (youth) without histories of trauma. Intrinsic FC analyses focused on amygdala-medial prefrontal circuitry, a key emotion regulatory pathway in the brain. We discovered reduced negative amygdala-subgenual cingulate connectivity in trauma-exposed youth. Differences between groups were also identified in anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate to amygdala connectivity. Overall, results suggest a model in which urban-dwelling trauma-exposed youth lack negative prefrontal to amygdala connectivity that may be critical for regulation of emotional responses. Functional changes in amygdala circuitry might reflect the biological embedding of stress reactivity in early life and mediate enhanced vulnerability to stress-related psychopathology.
Negatively invariant sets of compact maps and an extension of a theorem of Cartwright

Abstract Let T be a C1 map from an open subset of a separable Hilbert space into the Hilbert space, and Γ a negatively invariant compact set, that is T(Γ) ⊇ Γ. Suppose the derivative of T for x ϵ Γ is a uniform contraction on a subspace of finite codimension. Then the topological dimension of Γ is finite. This result may be used to show that for certain delay differential equations and partial differential equations, any almost periodic solution has only finitely many rationally independent frequencies, thus extending results of Cartwright for ODE's.
Study and Improvement of a Web Application Load Testing Model

As an important indicator of Web application performance testing - load capacity is a key factor to judge the merits of the Web application performance, load testing model is an important premise to accurately obtain the Web applications load capacity; This article is based on the model of user groups, Through further analysis of the general user behavior , user groups model is been improved properly. The practical application shows that the improved model more realistically simulate real user behavior, and make the data more statistical significance, which can more accurately predict the performance of web applications. Keywords: Web applications, load capacity, performance testing, load testing, model
The effects of different microstructures on the formation of dislocation loops in aluminium during electron irradiation

Abstract Exposure to the beam in a 200kV electron microscope caused defect clusters to form in high-purity aluminium foils. The damage was due to the direct displacement of atoms by electrons. The point defect clusters nucleated randomly and grew to form dislocation loops. The microstructure of the aluminium was varied by quenching or alloying. In high-purity foils containing previously quenched-in Frank sessile vacancy loops the subsequent electron irradiation-induced defects were seen to interact with the pre-existing defects. In 99% aluminium and in 2024 aluminium (4.5%Cu, 1.5%Mg, 0.6%Mn, balance Al) no electron-induced damage was seen. However, when the 99% aluminium specimens were first neutron irradiated, subsequent bombardment by electrons caused the development of visible dislocation loops. The important conclusion of this electron microscope study is that the presence and distribution of electron irradiation damage in aluminium is extremely sensitive to microstructure.
Heat Capacity of Sodium and Potassium at Temperatures below 1°K

The heat capacities of sodium and potassium have been measured from about 0.15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to just above 1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. No anomaly was observed in either case: the heat capacity could be represented by the sum of a term linear in temperature and a cubic term. Values of the Debye temperatures and effective masses of the conduction electrons are given.
Waves from the collisions of comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 with Jupiter

OBSERVATIONS of the collisions of the fragments of comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 with Jupiter provided an unprecedented opportunity to probe the depths of the planet's atmosphere. Images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope revealed circular rings surrounding five of the impact sites. The rings were observed for up to 2.5 hours after the impacts and spread at a constant velocity of 450 m s^(-1). There are three types of disturbance that might explain these observations: acoustic waves trapped at the tropopause temperature minimum, gravity waves propagating vertically and horizontally in the stratosphere, and gravity waves trapped in a stable layer which acts as a horizontal waveguide and is located within the hypothesized tropospheric water cloud. Here we show that only the last of these phenomena can match the speed and relative amplitude of the observed waves, with the requirement that the impacts were deep and the stability of the trapping layer is large. The origin of the stable layer is still uncertain, but if it is produced by moist convection in the water cloud, then the ratio of oxygen to hydrogen on Jupiter must be surprisingly large—approximately ten times that on the Sun.
Metabolism: A is for adipokine.

Adipokines are hormones that signal changes in fatty-tissue mass and energy status so as to control fuel usage. A fat-derived adipokine that binds to vitamin A provides a new link between obesity and insulin resistance.
The effects of participation on the ability to judge deceit

The principle of interactivity holds that communication processes and outcomes vary as a function of whether the communication context is interactive or not. When deception occurs in conversation, communicators who are active participants should be less accurate in detecting it than should observers by virtue of their level of interactivity. This experiment compared the judgments of participant‐receivers and observers to test this principle. Results supported all hypotheses. Participant‐receivers gave more favorable or lenient evaluations of participant‐sender performance than did observers and were less accurate in detecting deception. This finding offers strong support for Interpersonal Deception Theory's contention that interactive deception differs from noninteractive deception and advantages participant‐senders over participant‐receivers.
SU-E-J-160: A Simple Technique for Quick In-Vivo Dose Measurements for KV CBCT and Diagnostic X-Ray Planar Imaging Using MicroMOSFET Dosimeters

Purpose: To present a practical method for dose measurement of kV CBCT scans and diagnostic X‐ray planar imaging according to typical IGRT in radiotherapy and chest and pelvis diagnostic imaging protocols by using microMOSFET dosimeters. Once calibrated, in‐vivo measurements can be easily performed on patients on surface and/or in internal cavities. Methods: The calibration procedure uses two ADCL calibrated ion chambers for diagnostic kV X‐ray beams, one 6 cc farm chamber and one large parallel plane chamber for absolute dose references, and the microMOSFET with high sensitivity settings for calibration in air and in phantom. The calibration covered the possible dose range from 1 to 25 mGy. The calibrated dosimeters were then placed at anterior, posterior, right lateral and center of an anthromorphic phantom to measure the dose for CBCT scans using the appropriate calibration file according to kVp and dose range. Also, the dosimeters were placed inside two cadavers for internal dose measurement for typical x‐ray imaging. Results: Our measured results showed that the dose from CBCT scans were typically 16% ‐ 39% higher than the nominal dose presented by the vendor per protocol. The dose from 4D CBCT scan, 2.16 cGy, was approximately 39.4% higher than the nominal dose of 1.55 cGy. The Prostate M10 scan of 3.458 cGy was approximately 16.8% higher than the nominal dose of 2.96 cGy. The Pelvis/Chest M20 scan 2.972 cGy, was approximately 35.1% higher than the nominal dose of 2.2 cGy. Large variation was observed for planar X‐ray imaging due to use of shielding and tissue attenuations. Conclusion: The ease of implementation and using microMOSFETs for CBCT scans and X‐ray imaging allows quick and accurate in‐vivo dose measurements. Vendor specified doses are verified by this technique and should be added to increase patient quality assurance and safety.
Principles for sustainable governance of the coastal zone: In the context of coastal disasters

Abstract As increasing numbers of the global population gravitate toward the coasts, pressure mounts on ecosystems and the infrastructure at coastal locations. In the coastal zone many problems have arisen, including coastal population growth and degradation of natural capital, from the neglect of the four capitals that enhance sustainability: natural, built, social and human. New strategies need to be devised that will allow coastal communities to continue to live in these regions without further degrading natural capital. The Brundtland Report initiated the idea of sustainability, which was further advanced at United Nations meetings in Stockholm (1972) and Rio de Janeiro (1992). Following these meetings and the adoption of Agenda 21, concern about growing pressures on the oceans lead to an Independent World Commission on the Oceans (IWCO) workshop where a number of Principles for Sustainable Governance of the Oceans ( Costanza, R., Andrade, F., et al., 1998 ) were developed. In the light of recent coastal disasters such as the Indonesian Tsunami (2004) and Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (2005), this paper examines the current problems inherent in the coastal zone and attempts to develop new principles for sustainability using the IWCO derived principles as a springboard.
Chains of variable size spheres for focusing of multimodal beams in photonics applications

Using a chain of spheres with progressively decreasing diameters we designed optical microprobes capable of focusing multimodal optical beams delivered by hollow waveguides and multimode fibers. Such delivery systems are used in biomedical and photonics applications where significant power transmission properties are desirable or where single mode fibers are not available. A concrete example of such applications is represented by the ultraprecise laser surgery performed in mid infrared range. The design performed by numerical ray tracing is optimized for contact conditions during laser surgery involving short optical penetration depths of light in tissue. It is shown that chains with progressively decreasing sphere diameters can provide higher coupling efficiency compared to the chains of identical size spheres, while having better spatial resolution in comparison with a single sphere case. Potential applications of these microprobes include ultra-precise laser procedures in the eye and brain or piercing a cell, and coupling of multimodal beams into photonic microstructures.
MICROBIAL STRESS‐RESPONSE PHYSIOLOGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION

Microorganisms have a variety of evolutionary adaptations and physiological acclimation mechanisms that allow them to survive and remain active in the face of environmental stress. Physiological responses to stress have costs at the organismal level that can result in altered ecosystem-level C, energy, and nutrient flows. These large-scale impacts result from direct effects on active microbes' physiology and by controlling the composition of the active microbial community. We first consider some general aspects of how microbes experience environmental stresses and how they respond to them. We then discuss the impacts of two important ecosystem-level stressors, drought and freezing, on microbial physiology and community composition. Even when microbial community response to stress is limited, the physiological costs imposed on soil microbes are large enough that they may cause large shifts in the allocation and fate of C and N. For example, for microbes to synthesize the osmolytes they need to survive a single drought episode they may consume up to 5% of total annual net primary production in grassland ecosystems, while acclimating to freezing conditions switches Arctic tundra soils from immobilizing N during the growing season to mineralizing it during the winter. We suggest that more effectively integrating microbial ecology into ecosystem ecology will require a more complete integration of microbial physiological ecology, population biology, and process ecology.
The costs of musculoskeletal disease: health needs assessment and health economics.

Abstract Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions dominate the national illness burden worldwide. This chapter presents information on the different types of societal and individual impacts of musculoskeletal conditions, and describes the appropriate way to evaluate and present these effects. There are three types of ‘costs' associated with musculoskeletal conditions: direct, indirect and intangible. The direct costs of care are those associated with ambulatory and inpatient medical care; these costs may be borne by the patient or society. The indirect costs are those paid and unpaid activities, such as employment, schooling and homemaking, that result from disability associated with the health condition; these costs may be borne by employers, society or the individual patient. The intangible costs of the disease are pain, emotional impairment, health worry and other effects on the patient's quality of life. All of these components of costs may, and should be, accurately measured to get the full picture of the burden of musculoskeletal conditions.
Photo-Oxidation of Hydrogenated Fullerene (Fullerane) in Water

Hydrogenated fullerenes (termed fulleranes) have been demonstrated to be key material components in advanced hydrogen storage and lithium battery technologies, among other applications; however, their potential environmental reactivity has not been evaluated to date. Here, for the first time, photoinduced oxidation and corresponding dissolution of solid fulleranes (C60Hx, where x = 39.9–45.5) into water are demonstrated to occur rapidly under attenuated sunlight, UV-A irradiation, and even dark conditions, albeit more slowly as long as oxygen is present. Through a series of batch experiments, reaction kinetics demonstrate that both light and oxygen play critical roles in the solvation process as reaction rates were a function of both irradiation intensity and wavelength along with dissolved oxygen concentration. Resulting products, which were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, total organic carbon analysis, and dyna...
Selective effects of adenine and adenosine triphosphate upon the hepatic biochemical lesions induced by ethionine

Abstract The effects of adenine, ATP, or methionine administration upon the ethionine-induced inhibition of labeling of liver phospholipid and liver protein by methionine-methyl-C14 in female rats have been studied. Adenine and ATP completely prevent the inhibition of incorporation of methionine into protein, but are only partially effective in protecting against the inhibition of transmethylation to phospholipid. In contrast, both these effects of ethionine are completely counteracted by methionine administration. These data further support the hypothesis that certain biochemical lesions induced by ethionine are directly due to the primary effect of ethionine on ATP concentration, while others are due to other effects of the analogue upon methionine metabolism.
On a general back-diffusion parameter

A parameter, 0pbp1, which characterizes the back-diffusion of solute in the mushy region of a solidifying alloy is introduced. The parameter is general and no specific assumptions on the nature of the solidification are made in arriving at its form. Use of the parameter in the analysis of binary alloy microsegregation controlledby a parabolic solidgrowth results in a specific microsegregation model. At high solid fractions, predictions from this model significantly outperform alternative models in the literature. r 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Effective connectivity of the fronto-parietal network during attentional control

The ACC, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the parietal cortex near/along the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) are members of a network subserving attentional control. Our recent study revealed that these regions participate in both response anticipation and conflict processing. However, little is known about the relative contribution of these regions in attentional control and how the dynamic interactions among these regions are modulated by detection of predicted versus unpredicted targets and conflict processing. Here, we examined effective connectivity using dynamic causal modeling among these three regions during a flanker task with or without a target onset cue. We compared various models in which different connections among ACC, DLPFC, and IPS were modulated by bottom-up stimulus-driven surprise and top-down conflict processing using Bayesian model selection procedures. The most optimal of these models incorporated contextual modulation that allowed processing of unexpected (surprising) targets to mediate the influence of the IPS over ACC and DLPFC and conflict processing to mediate the influence of ACC and DLPFC over the IPS. This result suggests that the IPS plays an initiative role in this network in the processing of surprise targets, whereas ACC and DLPFC interact with each other to resolve conflict through attentional modulation implemented via the IPS.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Throwing Elbow in the Uninjured, High School–Aged Baseball Pitcher

Background: Tissue adaptations in response to pitching are an expected finding during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of the throwing elbow of adult pitchers. These changes are considered normal in the absence of symptom complaints. It is unclear when during the playing career these tissue adaptations are initiated.Hypothesis: Abnormalities in the appearance of the throwing elbow compared with the nonthrowing elbow would be visible during MRI assessment of this asymptomatic population of high school–aged throwers.Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods: Twenty-three uninjured, asymptomatic male high school–aged baseball pitchers (mean age, 16 years) with no history of elbow injury were recruited for the study. Participants had a minimum of 3 years’ experience with pitching as their primary position (mean experience, 6 years). Bilateral elbow MRI examinations were performed using a standardized protocol including fast spin-echo proton-density (axial and coronal), T1-we...
Social interaction in synthetic and natural microbial communities

Social interaction among cells is essential for multicellular complexity. But how do molecular networks within individual cells confer the ability to interact? And how do those same networks evolve from the evolutionary conflict between individual- and population-level interests? Recent studies have dissected social interaction at the molecular level by analyzing both synthetic and natural microbial populations. These studies shed new light on the role of population structure for the evolution of cooperative interactions and revealed novel molecular mechanisms that stabilize cooperation among cells. New understanding of populations is changing our view of microbial processes, such as pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance, and suggests new ways to fight infection by exploiting social interaction. The study of social interaction is also challenging established paradigms in cancer evolution and immune system dynamics. Finding similar patterns in such diverse systems suggests that the same ‘social interaction motifs' may be general to many cell populations.
Performance Analysis of Communications & Radar Coexistence in a Covert UWB OSA System

Far-field target detection, multi-sensor communications, and security are essential requirements of first-emergency networks. A radar-communications system is a potential opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) solution, harnessing the coexisting advantages of radio detection and ranging (RADAR), and wireless communications. A multi-functional waveform has been designed, by embedding an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal within a spectrally notched ultra-wideband (UWB) random noise waveform. Extending that development, this paper analyzes the waveform's Bit-Error-Rate (BER) and Ambiguity Function (AF) formulations to demonstrate its OSA ability, that offers reliable multi-user communications, and high range and Doppler resolution in target detection. We further conclude that up to 30% of the available UWB bandwidth can be simultaneously utilized for concealed data communications without adversely affecting radar performance or its physical layer covertness.
Heavy metal and selenium concentrations in feathers of egrets from Bali and Sulawesi, Indonesia

Herons and egrets are ideal organisms to use asindicators of heavy metal exposure in an ecosystem because different speciesfeed at different levels of the food chain and live in both coastal andinland habitats. This paper reports on the concentration of heavy metals andselenium in the feathers of cattle egrets Bubulcus ibis that wereexamined from nesting and roosting sites in Bali and Sulawesi, Indonesia, andin feathers of little egrets Egretta garzetta and intermediate egretsE. intermedia from the same colony in Bali. Mercury and manganeseconcentrations were significantly higher in cattle egrets from Bali comparedto Sulawesi, but otherwise there were no significant differences. There weresignificant differences in lead, cadmium and mercury among the three egretspecies nesting on Bali: 1) the cadmium and mercury concentrations related tosize and trophic level (insectivorous cattle egrets had the lowestconcentrations, fish-eating intermediate egrets had the highestconcentrations), and 2) cattle egrets had significantly lower concentrationsof lead than the other two species. For cattle egrets, secondary flightfeathers had significantly higher levels of cadmium and mercury, and lowerlevels of manganese, than mixed breast and tertiary feathers, reflectingtemporal differences in exposure.
Ca2+ signaling in airway epithelial cells facilitates leukocyte recruitment and transepithelial migration

In airway cells, TLR2 stimulation by bacterial products activates Ca2+ fluxes that signal leukocyte recruitment to the lung and facilitates transepithelial migration into the airway lumen. TLR2 is apically displayed on airway cells, where it senses bacterial stimuli. Biochemical and genetic approaches demonstrate that TLR2 ligands stimulate release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores by activating TLR2 phosphorylation by c-Src and recruiting PI3K and PLCgamma to affect Ca2+ release through IP3Rs. This Ca2+ release plays a pivotal role in signaling TLR2-dependent NF-kappaB activation and chemokine expression to recruit PMNs to the lung. In addition, TLR2-initiated Ca2+ release activates Ca2+-dependent proteases, calpains, which cleave the transmembrane proteins occludin and E-cadherin to promote PMN transmigration. This review highlights recent findings that demonstrate a central role for Ca2+ signaling in airway epithelial cells to induce proinflammatory gene transcription and to initiate junctional changes that accommodate transmigration of recruited PMNs.
Multiscale hybrid modeling of film deposition within porous substrates

A multiscale, hybrid computational framework for the deposition of films within porous substrates, is developed and applied to a prototype deposition reaction in the opposed reactant flow geometry. The developed model captures transport of reactants through the pores, homogeneous reaction of reagents producing an intermediate species, nucleation, and growth of the film as a moving boundary problem. The pore evolution is described using a capillary model. Adaptive mesh refinement is used to resolve length scales varying from nanometers to one millimeter. Nucleation is treated stochastically at the finest level, whereas transport and reaction at coarser levels are treated deterministically. Transport parameters chosen for these simulations correspond to the deposition of Pd films in porous alumina under supercritical CO2 conditions. The numerical results provide insight into the strategies that could be used to control their thickness, including confining thin films within substrates. For example, it has been found that the location of the deposit within the porous substrate is essentially determined by the relative concentrations of reagents on either side of the porous substrate, and the startup of the process. In addition, it is shown that the interplay of nucleation and growth kinetics determines the morphology and roughness of the deposit at short time scales. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 684 – 695, 2004
Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Extra Time as a Test Accommodation for Transitioning Adolescents With Learning Disabilities: More Questions Than Answers

The accommodation of students with learning disabilities (LD) on mandatory high stakes tests continues to heighten concern over the equity and effectiveness of current practices. As students transition from high school, they are required to complete timed graduation tests and postsecondary entrance examinations. The most common accommodation accessed by transitioning adolescents with LD is extended time. In order to inform test accommodation practices, a meta-analysis was conducted to address whether test scores from accommodated (i.e., extended time only) and standard test administrations are comparable for transitioning adolescents with LD as compared to their normally achieving peers. The results of the meta-analyses raised more questions than answers and highlighted the need for future research in this area.
Correction to “A Mostly-Digital Variable-Rate Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulator ADC” [Nov 10 2250-2261]

In the above titled paper (ibid., vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 2250-2261, Nov. 10), two papers on linearization techniques applying parallel structures should have been included as references. Those references are provided here.
Economic change, alcohol consumption and heart disease mortality in nine industrialized countries.

Abstract This paper examines the question of whether economic changes—including economic growth, unemployment and business failures—and alcohol consumption by beverage type are independently related to heart disease mortality. Controls for cigarette and animal fat consumption are also employed in a multivariate time series analysis. Data for nine countries in the post World War II era are investigated: Australia, Canada, England and Wales, Denmark, Federal Republic of Germany, Finland, France, Sweden and the United States. In all nine countries unemployment and business failures are positively related to heart disease mortality, and in eight countries the trend of economic growth shows an inverse relationship. The relation of alcohol consumption to heart disease mortality depends on beverage type. When spirits or wine consumption shows a significant relation, occasionally requiring controls for other beverages, it is positive. On the other hand, beer consumption shows an inverse relation to heart disease mortality in all countries. The statistical significance of that relationship also occasionally must be based on controls for other beverages.
The symmetries of nature

The study of the symmetries of nature has fascinated scientists for eons. The application of the formal mathematical description of symmetries during the last century has produced many breakthroughs in our understanding of the substructure of matter. In this talk, a number of these advances are discussed, and the important role that George Sudarshan played in their development is emphasized
An RNA code for the FOX2 splicing regulator revealed by mapping RNA-protein interactions in stem cells

The elucidation of a code for regulated splicing has been a long-standing goal in understanding the control of post-transcriptional gene expression events that are crucial for cell survival, differentiation and development. We decoded functional RNA elements in vivo by constructing an RNA map for the cell type-specific splicing regulator FOX2 (also known as RBM9) via cross-linking immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (CLIP-seq) in human embryonic stem cells. The map identified a large cohort of specific FOX2 targets, many of which are themselves splicing regulators, and comparison between the FOX2 binding profile and validated splicing events revealed a general rule for FOX2-regulated exon inclusion or skipping in a position-dependent manner. These findings suggest that FOX2 functions as a critical regulator of a splicing network, and we further show that FOX2 is important for the survival of human embryonic stem cells.
Regulation of nutrient metabolism by nuclear receptor/FGF signaling pathways

The regulation of metabolism in fed and fasted states is governed by hormonal and nutrient-derived signals that are mediated in part by nuclear receptors. Just as insulin and glucagon help the body store and mobilize energy through their membrane receptors, nutrient-derived lipids activate their cognate nuclear receptors (e.g., FXR and PPARs) to govern transcriptional programs involved in energy storage and utilization during times of nutrient excess and privation. Recent work has revealed that many of the actions of these nuclear receptors are mediated by two atypical fibroblast growth factors (FGF19 and FGF21) that function as endocrine-like hormones. The characterization of these pathways in normal and metabolic disease animal models has led to an understanding of their physiologic and pharmacologic mechanism of action.
Improving evoked response audiometry with special reference to the use of machine scoring.

The use of visual scoring of evoked response (ER) records to detect auditory threshold is reviewed, and it is concluded that current ER audiometry is not a reliable clinical tool because of substantial error compounded by subjectivity of score.The mathematics underlying ER detection is reviewed. The critical part played by the signal-to-noise ratio (f) and techniques for enhancing f are discussed. The accepted techniques of averaging, segregation by EEG classification before averaging, and filtering are considered, along with two newly proposed techiques, fast periodic stimulation and correction of records by predictors averaging. These hold promise of enhancing the effective f by a factor of about 3 and reducing the lenght of test runs by an order of magnitude.Self-normalization is introduced in order to define scores which are sensitive primarily to f rather than to these scores is relatively invariant from subject to subject since it depends on f alone. This simplifies normative studies, particularly f...
Confinement-Driven Increase in Ionomer Thin-Film Modulus

Ion-conductive polymers, or ionomers, are critical materials for a wide range of electrochemical technologies. For optimizing the complex heterogeneous structures in which they occur, there is a need to elucidate the governing structure–property relationships, especially at nanoscale dimensions where interfacial interactions dominate the overall materials response due to confinement effects. It is widely acknowledged that polymer physical behavior can be drastically altered from the bulk when under confinement and the literature is replete with examples thereof. However, there is a deficit in the understanding of ionomers when confined to the nanoscale, although it is apparent from literature that confinement can influence ionomer properties. Herein we show that as one particular ionomer, Nafion, is confined to thin films, there is a drastic increase in the modulus over the bulk value, and we demonstrate that this stiffening can explain previously observed deviations in materials properties such as water ...
The Effect of Different Oxidizing Atmospheres on the Initial Kinetics of Copper Oxidation as Studied In Situ UHV-TEM

Effect of moisture on the oxidation of copper was studied using in situ UHV-TEM. The ultra high vacuum condition is required for minimum contamination effects. The initial observations show that the water vapor reduces the oxide as well as reduces the rate of oxidation if both oxygen gas and water vapor are simultaneously used. Based on these observations, we have speculated on the role of moisture in the solid state reactions involved in copper oxidation
Determination of synthetic pigments in foods by automatic solid- phase extraction- HPLC

Objective To explore the determination of 7 synthetic pigments by automatic solid phase extraction- HPLC in edibles. Method The liquid samples were purified by PA( polyamide powder 1g /6ml) or PWAX( weak anion 150 mg /6ml) SPE column in the automatic solid- phase extraction apparatus,separated in the C18 column with methanol and ammonium acetate as mobile phase,detected by 254 nm ultraviolet and 625 nm visible light after gradient elution,and quantified by external standard method. Results In the range of 0. 2 ~ 20μg / ml concentration,correlation coefficient was 0.9994 to 0. 9999,the lowest detection limit was 0. 005 ~ 0. 01μg / ml. Under PA( polyamide powder 1g /6ml) SPE cartridge purification,recovery rate was 86. 9% to 104. 5%,RSD was 1. 3% to 7. 5%. PWAX( weak anion 150 mg /6ml)SPE cartridge purification,recovery rate was 89. 3% to103. 6%,RSD was 0. 5% to 4. 7%. Conclusion Sample pretreatment using automated operation has advantages such as well pigment adsorption effect,greatly reduction the amount of reagents,simplicity and convenience,good separation degree and satisfied recovery of 7 pigments. It is suitable to detect large quantities of samples.
Application of PLC Control System in High Mineralized Mine Water Treatment

This paper introduces an application of PLC control system in high mineralized mine water treatment,and analyzes working principle,hardware structure and software design of the system.The practical application shows that the system is stable,reliable and safe,and carries out autocontrol of water treatment.
Cancer of the esophagus.

Cancer of the esophagus occurs quite frequently but the disease has been neglected because of the surgeons' inability to cope with it. Advancements in anesthesiology, understanding of nutrition and improved surgical technic have now made surgical therapy of the disease more feasible. Early recognition is essential to satisfactory treatment. The early symptoms, diagnostic technics and treatment methods are discussed, as well as the importance of adequate postoperative care.
Une étude de cas d’assistance respiratoire dans un contexte de fissure palatine et de pharyngoplastie

Objectif Decrire une methode pratique pour faciliter l’intubation nasotracheale chez une patiente, qui presente une fissure palatine traitee par pharyngoplastie, en utilisant un catheter d’aspiration sous direction tactile. Les difficultes de l’assistance respiratoire survenues dans ce contexte sont aussi discutees.
Diagnostic Cytology in the United States

The situation of diagnostic cytology in the United States is rather simple because, as cytology developed in the United States after the initial few years, it became the domaine of pathologists and not of clinicians. Therefore the standards for performance of cytology have been established by the American Board of Pathology and not by government agency. Current requirements for special certification in cytopathology require training of 4 years in anatomic pathology, with a certificate in anatomic pathology, plus 1 year of specialized approved fellowship in cytopathology that allows the candidate to sit for a special examination in cytopathology. In other words, one needs the diploma in anatomic pathology first to be approved as a specialist plus 1 more year of approved training to obtain certification in cytopathology. Other pathologists of course are not prevented from practising cytopathology but they must be certified in anatomic pathology before they can practise.
Silver-Russell Syndrome and Cognitive Disorders

Cognitive abilities of 20 boys and 5 girls, aged 6 to 11 years, with Silver-Russell syndrome were investigated at the Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, the Institute of Child Health, and Middlesex Hospital, London, UK.
Osteoporosis and Periodontitis

Osteoporosis and periodontitis are both diseases characterized by bone resorption. Osteoporosis features systemic degenerative bone loss that leads to loss of skeletal cancellous microstructure and subsequent fracture, whereas periodontitis involves local inflammatory bone loss, following an infectious breach of the alveolar cortical bone, and it may result in tooth loss. Most cross-sectional studies have confirmed the association of osteoporosis and periodontitis primarily on radiographic measurements and to a lesser degree on clinical parameters. Multiple shared risk factors include age, genetics, hormonal change, smoking, as well as calcium and vitamin D deficiency. Both diseases could also be risk factors for each other and have a mutual impact that requires concomitant management. Suggested mechanisms underlying the linkage are disruption of the homeostasis concerning bone remodeling, hormonal balance, and inflammation resolution. A mutual interventional approach is emerging with complex treatment interactions. Prevention and management of both diseases require interdisciplinary approaches and warrants future well-controlled longitudinal and interventional studies for evidence-based clinical guidelines.