cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
InSAR-based characterization of rock glacier movement in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA

Abstract. Rock glaciers are a prominent component of many alpine landscapes and constitute a significant water resource in some arid mountain environments. Here, we employ satellite-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) between 2016 and 2019 to identify and monitor active and transitional rock glaciers in the Uinta Mountains (Utah, USA), an area of ∼3000 km2 . We used mean velocity maps to generate an inventory for the Uinta Mountains containing 205 active and transitional rock glaciers. These rock glaciers are 11.9 ha in area on average and located at a mean elevation of 3308 m , where mean annual air temperature is − 0.25 ∘C . The mean downslope velocity for the inventory is 1.94 cm yr−1 , but individual rock glaciers have velocities ranging from 0.35 to 6.04 cm yr−1 . To search for relationships with climatic drivers, we investigated the time-dependent motion of three rock glaciers. We found that rock glacier motion has a significant seasonal component, with rates that are more than 5 times faster during the late summer compared to the rest of the year. Rock glacier velocities also appear to be correlated with the snow water equivalent of the previous winter's snowpack. Our results demonstrate the ability to use satellite InSAR to monitor rock glaciers over large areas and provide insight into the environmental factors that control their kinematics.
The Jewish Food Movement: A Sustainable and Just Vision for Place, Identity, and Environment

This chapter focuses on the efforts of the Jewish Food Movement (JFM) to promote sustainable food systems. The JFM advocates for the creation of a sustainable food system rooted in Biblical agricultural teachings and conceptions of social justice. The JFM combines religious teachings with agro-ecological perspectives in promoting local and organic food. It integrates Jewish identity renewal with advocacy for sustainable food, seeing a return to religious tradition as a way to sustain the Jewish community. A progressive vision of place plays a central role in the JFM. Sustainability of the food system and sustainability of the Jewish community begin locally, but the concern extends beyond the local to the planetary scale with a focus on the impacts of the food system on global environmental change.
Engagement in Early Intervention Services Among Mothers in Recovery From Opioid Use Disorders.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Opioid-exposed infants frequently qualify for early intervention (EI). However, many eligible families choose not to enroll in this voluntary service. This study aims to understand the perceptions and experiences that may impact engagement with, and the potential benefits of, EI services among mothers in recovery from opioid use disorders (OUDs). METHODS: We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews (n = 22) and 1 focus group (n = 6) with mothers in recovery from OUDs in western Massachusetts. Transcripts were coded and analyzed by using a descriptive approach. RESULTS: The mean participant age was 32 years, and 13 had a high school degree or less. Five major themes emerged revealing mothers’ development through stages of engagement in EI services: (1) fear, guilt, and shame related to drug use (emotions acting as barriers to enrollment); (2) the question of whether it is “needed” (deciding whether there is value in EI for opioid-exposed infants); (3) starting with “judgment” (baseline level of perceived stigma that parents in recovery associate with EI); (4) breaking down the “wall” (how parents overcome the fear and perceived judgment to build partnerships with providers); and (5) “above and beyond” (need for a personal connection with mothers and concrete supports through EI in addition to the child-focused services provided). CONCLUSIONS: Barriers to engagement in EI among mothers in recovery from OUDs include a range of emotions, perceived stigma, and ambivalence. An effort to purposefully listen to and care for mothers through a strengths-based, bigenerational approach may help establish greater connections and foster stronger EI engagement among families affected by OUDs.
Persistently Increased Systemic ACE2 Activity Is Associated With an Increased Inflammatory Response in Smokers With COVID-19

Background: Tobacco smoking is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of several cardiopulmonary diseases. Additionally, smokers are highly susceptible to infectious agents due to weakened immunity. However, the progression of lung injury based on SARS-CoV-2-mediated COVID-19 pathogenesis amongst smokers and those with pre-existing pulmonary diseases is not known. We determined the systemic levels and activity of COVID-19 associated proteins, cytokine/chemokines, and lipid mediators (lipidomics) amongst COVID-19 patients with and without a history of smoking to understand the underlying susceptible factor in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Methods: We obtained serum from healthy (CoV-), COVID-19 positive (CoV+), and COVID-19 recovered (CoV Rec) subjects with and without a history of smoking. We conducted a Luminex multiplex assay (cytokine levels), LC/MS (eicosanoids or oxylipin panel), and ACE2 enzymatic activity assays on the serum samples to determine the systemic changes in COVID-19 patients. Results: On comparing the levels of serum ACE2 amongst COVID-19 (positive and recovered) patients and healthy controls, we found a pronounced increase in serum ACE2 levels in patients with COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, ACE2 enzyme activity was significantly increased amongst COVID-19 patients with a smoking history. Also, we analyzed the levels of Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) peptide, the product of enzymatic action of ACE2, in the serum samples. We found significantly high levels of Ang1-7 in the serum of both CoV+ and CoV Rec patients. Our data further demonstrated a smoking-induced increase in serum furin and inflammatory cytokine [IFNγ(p = 0.0836), Eotaxin (p < 0.05), MCP-1 (p < 0.05), and IL-9 (p = 0.0991)] levels in COVID-19 patients as compared to non-smoking controls. Overall, our results show that smoking adversely affects the levels of systemic inflammatory markers and COVID-19 associated proteins, thus suggesting that COVID-19 infection may have severe outcomes amongst smokers.
Teaching struggling students mathematics online via explicit instruction

Little-to-no research examines the provision of targeted mathematical interventions to students struggling with mathematics in a virtual environment. And yet, the global pandemic of 2020—extending ...
Intelligence and motivation.

Successful intelligence involves a broader range of abilities than is typically measured by tests of intellectual and academic skills. Most of these tests measure primarily or exclusively memory and analytical abilities. With regard to memory, they assess the abilities to recall and recognize information. With regard to analytical abilities, they measure the skills involved when one analyzes, compares and contrasts, evaluates, critiques, and judges. Several separate factor-analytic studies support the internal validity of the theory of successful intelligence. The theory of successful intelligence is valid as a whole. Moreover, the theory can make a difference not only in laboratory tests but in school classrooms and even the everyday life of adults as well. The educational system in the United States, as in many other countries, places great emphasis on instruction and assessments that tap into two important skills: memory and analysis.
Investigating the Molecular Genetics of Alcohol Dependence: SWSN-9 Influences Acute Functional Tolerance Development in C. elegans

Alcoholism is a serious health concern. It is known that an individual's acute ethanol response has significant impacts on the development of alcohol dependence. This study investigated what effect the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex has on acute ethanol response phenotypes. SWI/SNF influences transcription by modifying nucleosome position, thus altering gene expression. Using the simple genetic model, Caenorhabditis elegans, we tested one member of the SWI/SNF complex, SWSN-9. We tested its role in ethanol responses and examined behavioral effects. It was hypothesized that SWSN-9 would influence the development of acute functional tolerance (AFT). AFT is defined as a decrease in the intoxicating effects of ethanol during a single continued exposure to a drug, and is indicative of neural adaptation to ethanol effects. Locomotion speed assays were conducted, and we observed the development of AFT by observing an increase in speed over continued ethanol exposure. We compared AFT development of the wild...
THE CHALLENGE OF INCENTIVE ALIGNMENT IN THE APPLICATION OF INFORMATION MARKETS WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION

Prediction markets have captured the imagination of business thinkers—much like chaos theory captured it a decade ago. The urge is to apply prediction markets to a host of business challenges just like the urge was to apply insights of chaos theory to business challenges. However, the intelligent application of prediction markets within organizations may be no easier than the intelligent application of chaos theory to business strategy. I have chosen the comparison to chaos theory for two reasons. First, the excitement about prediction markets seems to me to have the same type of buzz that chaos theory carried in the late 1990s. Second, and more to the point, Jim Lavoie’s reference to the business potential of Web 2.0 tools arguably offers a platform for capturing some of the more realistic goals of those who once urged businesses to operate “on the edge of chaos”—as captured by the title of this popular-audience book: Surfing the Edge of Chaos: The Laws of Nature and the New Laws of Business.
A geospatial decision support system for drought risk management

Drought affects virtually all regions of the world and results in significant economic, social, and environmental impacts. The Federal Emergency Management Agency estimates annual drought-related losses in the United States at $6-8 billion, which is more than any other natural hazard. Congress enacted the Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000 to encourage the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Risk Management Agency (RMA) and farmers to be more proactive in managing drought risk.
Object Transport Using Multiple Mobile Robots with Pin Joint Endeffectors

This paper presents the mechanical design and control policy for a set of robots used to carry a solid object. Contributions in our approach include a mechanical design that does not require compliance and is simple and inexpensive to manufacture. All the robots receive the same commands from a supervisor, and no communication is required between robots. Feedforward and feedback linearization using force and acceleration inputs is employed to produce a point with linear motion on the nonholonomic robots. Acceleration feedback is used on the wheel accelerations. The control has been validated using simulations, and the mechanical design and control policy have been validated experimentally.
Systems analysis & design methods

Systems analysis & design methods , Systems analysis & design methods , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Pathways of Extrapelvic Spread of Disease

Diseases arising from the pelvic contents may first manifest themselves by signs and symptoms remote from their source of origin. Gastrointestinal tract perforations, in particular, may dissect along anatomic planes of the pelvis to first present in the buttock, hip, thigh, and even the lower leg and the retroperitoneal space of the abdomen. Pain, mass, or crepitation at these sites may be very misleading since the origin of the underlying inflammatory condition or the neoplastic, traumatic, or foreign body perforation of the bowel within the pelvis often remains clinically occult. Radiologic evaluation may be crucial in redirecting the diagnostic and therapeutic approach as well as in documenting the extent of disease.
In situ localization of nonenzymatic peroxidase-like activity of tissue-bound transition metals.

Abnormalities in redox and/or transition metal homeostasis is characteristic of many pathological states. Here, we present protocols that can be used for the detection of both transition metals and redox state. Keywords: iron; redox; DAB
Bis(η5‐2,4‐cyclopentadienyl)bis(trimethylphosphine)titanium

[95936-00-8] C16H28P2Ti (MW 330.21) InChI = 1S/2C5H5.2C3H9P.Ti/c2*1-2-4-5-3-1;2*1-4(2)3;/h2*1-5H;2*1-3H3; InChIKey = IUQQGQLUCHEOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (used as a source of ‘Cp2Ti’) Physical Data: mp (105°C decomposes); black needles. Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents. Preparative Methods: bis(η5-2,4-cyclopentadienyl)bis(trimethylphosphine)titanium is prepared by the reduction of Cp2TiCl2 by magnesium in the presence of trimethylphosphine.1 It may also be generated in situ from Cp2TiCl2, butyllithium and trimethylphosphine. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: Cp2Ti(PMe3)2 is pyrophoric and must be handled and stored in an argon filled glove-box.
Stimulating Critical Thinking in a Virtual Learning Community with Instructor Moderations and Peer Reviews

This mixed methods study investigated the dynamic impacts of instructor moderations and peer reviews on critical thinking (CT) in a virtual learning community. Multiple data sets were collected from online discourses, participants’ written reflections, and learning artifacts, and analyzed and triangulated with both quantitative and qualitative methods. Both instructor moderations and peer reviews had great impacts on learner’s CT in multiple ways, and stimulated CT development throughout the semester. As learners grew with more CT skills, the needs for instructor moderations decreased; yet peer reviews peaked in terms of quantity, length, and depth of discussions. Peer reviews in this study also demonstrated effective questioning patterns, which were positively accepted by students being questioned or criticized, and resulted in changes and improvements in the final learning artifacts. Practical implications for online teaching and learning and community building are discussed, together with suggestions for future research. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2011.03.036
Integration: a Strategy for Turning Knowledge into Action

Within the last decade, there has been increasing interest in transforming undergraduate medical education through integrating basic, clinical, and social sciences. The Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, which graduated its first class in 2015, brought together a group of medical educators to develop a fully integrated curriculum. Here, we describe the “First 100 Weeks” of our curriculum and address the means by which we integrate at the program, course, session, and assessment level. We view integration as a strategy to train physicians to contextualize basic science through application to clinical medicine; to determine if this goal is met requires a novel approach to assessment. In our curriculum, students progress through a series of single courses. Each week’s theme is anchored to our problem-based/cased-based learning program, Patient-Centered Explorations in Active Reasoning, Learning and Synthesis (PEARLS), which raises learning issues in biomedical, clinical, and social sciences. All large- and small-group sessions are thoughtfully constructed and positioned to enhance learning from PEARLS without pre-empting or duplicating it. All sessions belong to one of three course components: Mechanisms of Health, Disease, and Intervention; Structure, an integrated anatomy, histology, pathology, imaging and physical diagnosis laboratory; and Patient-Physician and Society, comprised of weekly clinical experiences and skills development, and examination of societal drivers of healthcare. Students complete formative and summative case-based assessments. We describe the details of our curricular and assessment strategies as well as important lessons learned along the way. These include the value of aligning philosophy, organizational structure, integrated content, and assessments.
Inactivation of Bacteriophage T4 by Ethyl Methanesulfonate: Influence of Host and Viral Genotypes

Inactivation of bacteriophage T4 by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is a complex process which depends critically upon the conditions of treatment and upon both the viral and the host genotypes. EMS-inactivated particles are capable of multiplicity and cross-reactivation, indicating the need for caution in using EMS in certain types of mutation studies. The pyrimidine dimer excision systems of the phage and the host do not affect the EMS sensitivity of T4, but the T4x(+)y(+) system does. Mutational defects in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ligase and the DNA polymerase systems both of the virus and of its host also affect viral EMS sensitivity.
PhoB regulates both environmental and virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae

Summary Vibrio cholerae is a facultative pathogen that thrives in two nutritionally disparate environments, aquatic and human small intestine. Phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient that is limited in aquatic ecosystems and of unknown availability in the small intestine. Here, we show that the Pi (Pho) regulon, which is controlled by the Pi-specific transporter (Pst) and two-component system PhoBR, is required for V. cholerae survival in both environments, though for differing reasons. While induction of Pi acquisition systems including Pst is critical for survival in the aquatic environment, regulation of virulence genes by PhoB and not Pi transport per se is required for colonization of the small intestine. We show that PhoB regulates virulence genes by directly controlling expression of a key upstream transcriptional regulator, tcpPH. Thus, the Pho regulon includes virulence genes and represents a diverse gene set essential to pathogenic V. cholerae throughout its life cycle.
Effect of respiration on the pericardial friction rub

Abstract A study of twenty-six cases of pericarditis displaying a pericardial friction rub was made. In nine instances the pericardial rub became either louder or was audible only in the phase of inspiration. The factors which may account for this finding are increased filling and force of cardiac contraction and stretching of the pericardium due to descent of the diaphragm in the inspiratory phase. A pericardial rub which is louder during inspiration should not be mistaken for a pleuropericardial rub.
Manufacturing simulation: introduction to manufacturing simulation

This introductory tutorial presents an overview of simulation to manufacturing design and scheduling. A review of the modeling considerations in both application areas is provided. Finally, a number of example applications will be presented to illustrate the concepts.
Energy efficient motors-myths vs. reality

Polyphase induction motor manufacture represents a mature technology. To properly apply energy efficient induction motors, it is required that a number of myths about these machines should be rejected. Twelve of the most frequently encountered misconceptions are detailed. >
Comparison of Soft Errors Induced by Heavy Ions and Protons

Careful measurements of the SEU cross section versus the LET of the incident heavy ion were carried out on a single Intel 64K dRAM for which proton SEU data had been recently obtained in order to test whether a single set of modeling assumptions could provide fits to both data sets. The Intel 2164A 64k dRAM exhibited consistent cross-section measurements among devices tested, a high total-dose tolerance, and a proton SEU cross section that was unaffected by accumulated dose, making the device very suited for extended radiation studies. The heavy-ion cross section versus LET data was used as input to the CUPID code predictions of the proton-upset cross section versus incident proton energy. Observed agreement is consistent with the hypothesis that proton-induced upsets, even in alpha sensitive devices, are the result of recoiling nuclear fragments from inelastic nuclear interactions and the same basic mechanism is reponsible for both heavy ion and proton-induced upsets.
Extraction of cholecystokinin peptides from biological fluids using octadecylsilane-packed cartridges

Abstract Cholecystokinin is an important peptide hormone, which occurs naturally in molecular forms ranging in length from 4 to 58 amino acid residues and varying in charge from acidic to basic. In order to quantify the individual molecular forms of this hormone present in plasma or tissues, it is first necessary to efficiently extract all of the diverse forms. In this paper, we establish and validate a simple method to do this using octadecylsilane-packed cartridges. Peptide adsorption to the cartridge and subsequent elution from it is not significantly affected by the pH (3–7) or salt concentration (0–2 g per 100 ml) needed for extraction, or the protein concentration (0–10 g per 100 ml) in the applied sample. Peptides are extracted in a form which can be separated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and subsequently quantified by a commonly available radioimmunoassay which recognizes both cholecystokinin and gastrin.
The hydrodynamic wall effect for a disperse system

Abstract The flow of a highly dilute suspension of spheres (radius α) between two parallel ridid planes (distance L ) in slow shearing motion is studied. Even for the limiting situation, ( α / L ) small but finite, there is a layer-one sphere diameter thick—immediately adjacent to the wall in which bulk quantities are so complicated functionals of the parameters of the microstructure that evaluating them seems out of the question. Nevertheless, it is still simple to obtain average bulk quantifies (e.g. apparent viscosity) and even the evaluation of local bulk quantities far away from the wall poses no problem. The reason being that the customary continuum constitutive equation for the bulk stress can be utilized, although a slip velocity has to supplement it. This applies to any disperse system and can be applied to different flows, too. For the spherical suspension at hand an explicit expression for this slip velocity is obtained.
Computing the basic reproductive numbers for epidemiological models in nonhomogeneous environments

Abstract In this paper, we present a numerical method to calculate the basic reproductive number, commonly denoted as R 0 , for a class of compartmental epidemiological models in nonhomogeneous environments. We focus our attention on time-periodic models that incorporate seasonal variation and heterogeneity into disease dynamics. Our numerical algorithm is based on a procedure that efficiently transforms the operator eigenvalue problem into a matrix eigenvalue problem. In addition to time-periodic ODE models, the proposed computational approach can also be applied to spatially heterogeneous epidemic models represented by reaction–diffusion PDE systems. We present several examples to demonstrate the validity and application of this algorithm, and we compare the method with existing approaches for the calculation of R 0 .
Stuttering and Sentence Length

The purpose of this study was to determine whether sentence length influences the frequency of stuttering. Fourteen stutterers read, in random order, 20 long and 20 short sentences. The long sentences were constructed by means of additions to the short ones: for example, She learned to swim and She learned to swim in the clear water of the lake. Only the words that the pairs of sentences had in common were compared for occurrence of stuttering. Significantly more stuttering was found on the same words when they served as the initial segments of long sentences than when they stood alone as short sentences. The results seem to give evidence of the role of motor planning, or anticipated motor complexity in stuttering.
Compact high power DPSS laser with very low RIN and phase noise for 1550nm wavelength band

The performance of analog photonic systems is strongly affected by laser power and noise. There are two components to the noise, intensity noise and phase noise. The phase noise directly impacts linewidth and can also be converted to intensity noise via wavelength sensitive components.
Modular control-flow integrity

Control-Flow Integrity (CFI) is a software-hardening technique. It inlines checks into a program so that its execution always follows a predetermined Control-Flow Graph (CFG). As a result, CFI is effective at preventing control-flow hijacking attacks. However, past fine-grained CFI implementations do not support separate compilation, which hinders its adoption. We present Modular Control-Flow Integrity (MCFI), a new CFI technique that supports separate compilation. MCFI allows modules to be independently instrumented and linked statically or dynamically. The combined module enforces a CFG that is a combination of the individual modules' CFGs. One challenge in supporting dynamic linking in multithreaded code is how to ensure a safe transition from the old CFG to the new CFG when libraries are dynamically linked. The key technique we use is to have the CFG represented in a runtime data structure and have reads and updates of the data structure wrapped in transactions to ensure thread safety. Our evaluation on SPECCPU2006 benchmarks shows that MCFI supports separate compilation, incurs low overhead of around 5%, and enhances security.
Education and training for computer‐based reference services: A case study

A training program for on-line searching that was used by the University of California's Computerized Information Services is discussed. After giving an overview of the training program as a whole, the aspect of database training is emphasized. One form of intensive database training is the database workshop, presented by the database supplier staff (often in conjunction with search service staff). A second form is the database seminar, where searchers investigate topics on diverse databases and systems, and then report to each other in an informal setting. This proved to be a popular and cost-effective training technique, especially for search strategy. The two kinds of database training seem to complement each other. 4 figures, 1 table.
Dialogue: Violence towards women in slasher films: A reply to Linz and Donnerstein

(1994). Dialogue: Violence towards women in slasher films: A reply to Linz and Donnerstein. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media: Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 247-250.
Resolving pm wavelength shifts in optical sensing

The reflection or transmission properties of one and two-dimensional photonic crystals are widely used for optical sensing applications. A variety of optical sensors exist that change their optical properties upon receiving a stimulus. A compact wavelength detector capable of resolving very small changes in the spectral output of these sensors is highly desirable. A photodiode array (PDA) or position sensor device (PSD) in combination with a linear variable band-pass filter constitutes a very robust and compact device to detect those changes. The filter converts the wavelength information of the incident light into a spatial intensity distribution that is analyzed by the photodetector. We have investigated the performance of these wavelength detectors depending on the optical properties of the filter. This includes the gradient with which the transmission peak shifts across the filter surface and the spectral width of the transmission function. Also, we point out differences between the PDA and the PSD and analyze the influence of inhomogeneous illumination on the unit.
Just the facts or just for fun? Children's understanding of and sensitivity to retelling contexts

Adults appear to recognize that different memory sharing contexts, such as telling a story to a friend at a party versus providing eyewitness testimony, vary in their accuracy demands and adjust their retellings accordingly. There is less evidence that children are able to make the same distinctions. In the present two-part experiment, we first tested 6–8-year-old children's beliefs about the accuracy requirements of different memory sharing contexts that varied on the listener's implicit expectation about accuracy. Children were then read a short story and were given retelling instructions that emphasized accuracy or entertainment. Results from the first task indicated that children evidence a significant truth bias, suggesting that they believe accurate retellings are preferred regardless of context. Despite this, children did appear to adjust their retellings as a function of context, with retellings in the high accuracy condition including more verbatim and less error statements. Finally, children who evidenced a stronger truth bias were less likely to employ the language of storytelling by producing lower-quality narratives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of malignant cerebral lymphoma in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with immunosuppression.

A young woman with a clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus was treated with corticosteroids and azathioprine. Within nine months, she died of a cerebral reticulum cell sarcoma. Previous reports of lymphoma in patients with systemic rheumatic or “autoimmune disease” and in homograft patients undergoing immunosuppression are discussed. A mechanism of recording cases of malignancy in systemic rheumatic disease occurring both with and without immunosuppression is advocated.
Lipoprotein(a) at birth, in blacks and whites.

It has been shown that blacks have considerably higher concentrations than whites of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), which has been identified as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, vein graft restenosis, and cerebrovascular disease. Smaller differences in Lp(a) concentrations have been noted between males and females. To examine whether gender and race differences are already detectable at birth, we examined Lp(a) concentrations in cord blood samples of 109 black (49 male and 60 female) and 123 white (67 male and 56 female) newborns. Maternal age, gestational age, fetal maturity indicators, weight, height and head circumference were analyzed as covariates. For race and sex combined, the mean Lp(a) concentration was 4.0 mg/dl (S.D. of 3.94 mg/dl), approximately 5-fold lower than that observed in adults. No statistically significant differences were found between race or gender groups. The cross-sectional examination of serum Lp(a) concentrations of 221 infants, children and adults showed a gradual increase in Lp(a) concentrations from birth to adult values by the second year of life. We conclude that the system responsible for the production and control of Lp(a) concentration is not yet mature--or has not yet been challenged--at birth.
Chemical control of plant growth

The latest applications of physiologic principles to the solution of agricultural and horticultural problems involve the use of synthetic hormones to stimulate rooting of cuttings, to effect blossom thinning in fruit production, to prevent pre-harvest fruit drop, to produce seedless fruit, to achieve control of weeds, to break as well as to prolong dormancy, and to bring about other economically important controls of plant growth.
Combining decision tree and MAUT for selecting a country for a global manufacturing facility

The paper presents a multi-phase approach for selecting a country in which to locate a global manufacturing facility. An influence diagram is used to frame the decision. A decision tree then analyzes uncertainties regarding cost and generates a risk profile. The risk profile becomes one of the measures in an MAUT model that incorporate a wide range of factors. This sequential approach of using the output from a decision tree as input to MAUT is demonstrated with an example involving an auto supplier locating a new plant in one of five countries. Three decision makers were interviewed to determine the weights and the shape of the individual utility curves. The paper identifies, clearly defines, and incorporates a variety of measures for which national data are readily available. This list is broader and less subjective when compared to other examples reported in the literature.
A Reduced Order Stochastic Controller

A reduced order stochastic controller is designed for the case where a subset of the state and a subset of the control are weighted in the performance measure. The result satisfies a reduced order separation principle.
The cellular reaction in Pb-Sn alloys

The cellular reaction is characterized by migration of the cell boundary. There are, however, two states in which a cell boundary is stationary; the first corresponds to the beginning of the precipitation reaction, and the second to the ending of the dissolution reaction. Specimens of lead-rich Pb-Sn alloy have been used to investigate these two terminal states of the reaction. We illustrate in the case of the beginning state what initiates the motion of the cell boundary, and in the case of the ending state how static rather than kinetic analysis can be applied.
A RATIONALE AND DESCRIPTION OF A CAI PROGRAM TO TEACH THE BASIC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

A BASIC Instructional Program is being developed as a vehicle for research in tutorial modes of computer-assisted instruction (CAI). Several design features will be appropriate to training in other technical areas and applicable in other instructional settings where the development of analytic and problem-solving skills is a goal.
A Breath of Fresh Alveoli

Unlike the liver, which is famously able to regenerate itself after partial resection, the conventional wisdom has long been that the adult human lung was not capable of a similar feat. However, some adult animal models of unilateral lung removal have clearly demonstrated that the remaining lung is capable of compensatory lung regrowth, and long-term follow-up of children after partial lung removal has suggested the same. Whether adult human lungs could truly regrow new lung tissue after a similar insult has remained controversial; most experts believed that the modest postoperative gains in lung size in adults resulted from overdistention of the remaining alveoli rather than regrowth. Now, Butler and colleagues report on a case that challenges this notion. In this brief report, the authors describe the case of a 33-year-old woman who had one cancer-ridden lung removed in 1995. As expected, 3 months after the surgery, her vital capacity—a common test of lung function that measures the maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inhalation—was about half of its preoperative value. Over a 15-year follow-up period, her vital capacity gradually increased until she had regained about half of what she had lost in the surgery. She also had lung imaging tests performed over the same time interval that demonstrated a rise in lung tissue volume, without evidence of regional hyperinflation. Although not conclusive, this evidence is strongly suggestive of regrowth of new lung tissue over time. Additional studies are needed to confirm, with more mechanistic and definitive analyses, whether the adult human lung is truly capable of generating new alveolar tissue after lung resection, which could have important ramifications for patients with both acute and chronic lung disease. J. P. Butler et al ., Evidence for adult lung growth in humans. N. Engl. J. Med . 367 , 244–247 (2012). [[Full Text]][1] [1]: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1203983
Effect of Flooding on the Twospotted Spider Mite and Its Predators on Strawberry in Southern California

Biological control of Tetranychus urticae Koch on strawberry was investigated in southern California during 1968–69. Mass releases of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot were made at the equivalent rate of 86,250 total per acre at weekly intervals for 4 weeks, starting January 7. Populations of prey and predators were followed at weekly intervals from December through June. A flash flood, resulting from a cloudburst on February 24, destroyed all but 2 replicates (1 check and 1 release) and covered all plants with water for several hours. T. urticae reached a peak population, averaging 508.1 and 484.2 mites per leaflet in the remaining check and release plots, respectively, on April 22. By May 13, T. urticae averaged only 5.0 per leaflet in the release plot compared with 178.6 per leaflet in the check. P. persimilis reached a peak population, averaging 22.1 mites per leaflet, in the release plot on May 6, compared with 3.0 per leaflet in the check. Native predators (primarily Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Pergande) were adversely affected by the flooding, remaining at low numbers through March 25 and reaching a peak of 0.5 predators per leaflet on May 27.
Investigation into the fate of mercury in bituminous coal during mild pyrolysis

Abstract Two high-volatile bituminous coal (Lower Freeport #6A and Pittsburgh #8), used primarily for electricity production, were tested to determine the fate of their mercury content during mild pyrolysis. Mono-sized samples of the well characterized coals were tested under nitrogen in a horizontal tube furnace at different residence times at different temperatures throughout the range 275–600°C. The resulting char was analyzed for mercury, and compared to the original parent coal concentration. The percent Hg removal was found to be a function of both residence time and temperature. The data for both coals have shown two distinct regimes; a low temperature chemical evolution mechanism which follows an Arrhenius form (apparent activation energies for the Lower Freeport #6A and the Pittsburgh #8 coals are 25.6±1.5 and 21.7±1.9 kcal/mol respectively), and a higher temperature regime where the Hg evolution dramatically decreases. This can be attributed to the changing structure of the coal at these higher temperatures. The results of bomb calorimetry analysis performed on the Lower Freeport #6A coal samples verify that the overall heating value of the coal is essentially unaffected by mild pyrolysis at temperatures lower than 400°C.
Evaluation of patients with thoracic outlet syndrome

This prospective study evaluated 50 patients with thoracic outlet syndrome. Detailed history and pain scale evaluation preceded physical examination, which included provocative tests (positional and compressive) and sensory evaluation (baseline and postprovocative vibration thresholds and two-point discrimination). Only one patient had a positive nerve conduction study/electromyograph at the brachial plexus level. Thirty-two percent of the patients had a compressive anatomic abnormality as seen on a computed tomography scan. Ninety-four percent had positive provocative position and compression test results. Two-point discrimination was normal in 98%. Clinical assessment of thoracic outlet syndrome is best achieved by reproduction of symptoms with compression and positional provocative testing. Results of the majority of tests (nerve conduction studies/electromyographs, x-ray films, sensory tests) will be normal. Measurements of changes in sensory thresholds during provocation of symptoms may be useful.
A Waveform Relaxation Algorithm with Overlapping Splitting for Reaction Diffusion Equations

Waveform relaxation is a technique to solve large systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in parallel. The right hand side of the system is split into subsystems which are only loosely coupled. One then solves iteratively all the subsystems in parallel and exchanges information after each step of the iteration. Two classical convergence results state linear convergence on unbounded time intervals for linear systems of ODEs under some dissipation assumption and superlinear convergence on bounded time intervals for nonlinear systems under a Lipschitz condition on the splitting. To apply waveform relaxation to partial differential equations (PDEs), one traditionally discretizes the PDE in space to get a large system of ODEs, to which then the waveform relaxation algorithm is applied using a matrix splitting. There are two problems with this approach: first information about how to split the right hand side is lost during the discretization; second the convergence results derived in this fashion depend in general on the mesh parameter and convergence rates deteriorate when the mesh is refined. To avoid those problems a new waveform relaxation algorithm is formulated directly at the PDE level. The differential operator on the right hand side is split using domain decomposition. It is shown for a scalar reaction diffusion equation with variable diffusion coefficient that the new waveform relaxation algorithm converges superlinearly for bounded time intervals and linearly for unbounded time intervals, extending the two classical convergence results to this type of PDE. Interestingly the superlinear convergence rate is faster than the superlinear convergence rate obtained by the traditional matrix splitting methods. It is shown how the convergence rates depend on the overlap of the domain decomposition and a Lipschitz condition on the reaction function. The splitting of the right hand side is naturally given by the domain decomposition and the convergence rates are robust with respect to mesh refinement when the algorithm is discretized.
Generation of sedimentary fabrics and facies by repetitive excavation and storm infilling of burrow networks, Holocene of South Florida and Caicos Platform, B.W.I.

Excavation of deep, open burrow networks and subsequent infilling with sediment from the surface produces an entirely new sedimentary deposit and results in obliteration to severe diagenetic transformation of precursor depositional facies. Repetitive excavation and infilling is responsible for creating the preserved depositional facies of many marine deposits. Excavating burrowers occur from intertidal to abyssal depths, and are important throughout the Phanerozoic. The repetitive coupling of deep, open burrow excavation with subsequent storm sediment infilling of open burrow networks is a gradual process that ultimately results in the loss of the original deposit and the generation of new lithologies, fabrics and facies. The new lithologies are produced in the subsurface and possess fabrics, textures and skeletal assemblages that are not a direct reflection of either precursor facies or the surficial depositional conditions. Sedimentary facies generated by repetitive burrow excavation and infilling commonly are massively bedded and generally are mottled skeletal packstones. Skeletal grains usually are well-preserved and coarser components are concentrated in burrow networks, pockets and patches. The coarse skeletal components of burrow-generated facies are a mixture of coarse bioclasts from the precursor facies and both the coarse and fine skeletal material introduced from the sediment surface. Many so-called bioturbatedmore » or massive facies may, in fact, be primary depositional facies generated in the subsurface and represent severe diagenetic transformation of originally deposited sequences. In addition, mudstones and wackestones mottled with packstone patches may record storm sedimentation.« less
Concurrent validity of caregiver/parent report measures of language for children who are learning both English and Spanish.

The validity of two analogous caregiver/parent report measures of early language development in young children who are learning both English and Spanish is examined. Caregiver/parent report indices...
Stereo- and Regiospecific Syntheses of α- and β-Substituted Vinyl and Dienyl Triflones via the Stille Reaction1

Acetylenic anions undergo efficient sulfonylation with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride to provide acetylenic triflones. These materials are stereospecifically converted to (Z)-β-iodovinyl triflones in one step via the addition of hydrogen iodide. Access to (Z)-α-iodovinyl triflones is also possible via a two-step process involving tributyltin hydride addition to the acetylenic triflones to generate (Z)-α-(tributylstannyl)vinyl triflones followed by an iododestannylation reaction. Both classes of iodovinyl triflones smoothly undergo palladium (0)-mediated Stille reactions with vinyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and acetylenic stannanes to stereospecifically provide trisubstituted vinyl and dienyl triflones.
Guidelines on Managing Under Floor Blockages for Improved Data Center Performance

Due to the increase in computer rack equipment power in recent years, thermal management of data centers has become a challenging problem. Data center facilities with raised floor plenums are the most popular configuration from a thermal management perspective. Considerable ongoing research efforts focus on optimizing the room layouts and equipment design in order to achieve the desired cooling. However, the detrimental impact of under floor blockages, which occur widely, is seldom addressed. These blockages often take the form of chiller pipes, cabling, and wires. They impede the flow of cold air from the air conditioning units and yield unpredictable air flow patterns. This results in highly maldistributed tile flow rates which can create additional hot spots above the raised floors. In this paper the effect of such under floor blockages on data center performance is characterized in detail. A representative data center is modeled using commercial CFD code, with typical under floor blockages. Blockages are shown to have a significant impact on tile flow rates and rack inlet temperatures. A detailed parametric study is presented, to identify the locations under the floor, where blockages if installed, have minimal effect on data center performance. Case studies are presented to show that blockages, if installed with prior consideration, have a positive effect on overall data center performance. Finally guidelines are presented on how to rearrange existing blockages or to install new blockages, and still achieve an improvement in thermal performance, without any change to the room layout or cold air supply.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Two α subunits of the Gq class of G proteins stimulate phosphoinositide phospholipase C-β1 activity

Two G protein α subunits were detected in preparations of GTPγS-dependent, phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C-activating proteins from bovine liver membranes. Partial resolution of the two α subunits, of molecular mass 42 and 43 kDa, was achieved by Mono Q chromatography. Quantitation of the levels of each α subunit and reconstitution assays demonstrated that each possessed stimulatory activity towards the β1 isozyme of phospholipase C. Immunoblot analysis showed that the 42 kDa protein was immunologically related to αq, whereas the 43 kDa protein was related to α11, another member of the Gq class. The data thus show that two different α subunits of the Gq class of G proteins stimulate phospholipase C-β1 Activity.