cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deviant Leisure: Rethinking “The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly”

This article calls for a more thorough exploration of the concept of deviant leisure. Although deviant leisure often relies on psychiatric discourse as a primary explanation for participation, many forms of deviant leisure cannot be explained convincingly through accounts that focus on psychopathological motivations. Examples discussed herein include consensual sexual sadomasochism, self-identified human vampires, and radical body modification. Such forms of deviant leisure may be better understood by focusing on diverse social discourses and the properties of legitimate leisure experience.
FUTURE AEROSOLS OF THE SOUTHWEST: IMPLICATIONS FOR FUNDAMENTAL AEROSOL RESEARCH*

It is shown that substantial increases in the use of coal in the U.S. will lead to substantial increases in emissions of particulate matter, SO/sub x/, and NO/sub x/ in the part of the U.S. west of the Mississippi. A shift in the primary particulate emissions from coarse to submicron particles is predicted. Attention is given to the nature of the submicron aerosol in the southwest, the distribution of sulfur with respect to particle size, the formation of new particles in the atmosphere, and the ammonium nitrate equilibrium. It is concluded that increased coal use will result in a 50% increase in SO/sub x/ emissions and a doubling of NO/sub x/ emissions in the western U.S. by the year 2000, that ambient levels of aerosol sulfates and nitrates will increase, and that a large increase in submicron aerosol mass is likely.
Social media framing within the Million Hoodies movement for justice

•This article examines activism and social media framing.•Textual analysis was conducted of activist network Million Hoodies’ Facebook page.•Examples of core framing and frame alignment processes were identified and illustrated through posts’ texts and shared content within posts.•Core framing and alignment processes were determined to be an efficacious theoretical framework for understanding how online content creators use strategic messaging to engage and motivate followers as well as broaden their base of support.
Displaced Fluid Management—the Key to Commercial-Scale Geologic CO2 Storage

The most critical problem with commercial scale geological CO2 sequestration is management of displaced fluids. All of the high quality numerical simulations of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) on the Rock Springs Uplift (RSU), utilizing realistic 3-D reservoir models, demonstrate that commercial-scale geological CO2 storage will require the removal of formation brines in approximately 1:1 ratio of injected CO2 to displaced fluid. Without the production of formation brines the simulations suggest that very quickly injected CO2 will cause pressures in the storage domain to exceed fracture pressures. To solve this problem, Carbon Management Institute (CMI) proposed a strategy that includes integration of fluid production/treatment with injection of CO2. The treatment of the brines involved three important steps: (1) use of the temperature of the produced brines (~100 °C) to produce electricity via a heat exchanger to power the treatment facility, (2) to separate fresh water from the brines via nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, and (3) to recover metals, notably lithium, from the residual brines after partial evaporation. The impact of this approach; production of electricity, fresh water, and metals such as lithium from produced brines transform an anticipated carbon storage penalty into a revenue center.
Intracortical Microstimulation Maps of Motor, Somatosensory, and Posterior Parietal Cortex in Tree Shrews (Tupaia belangeri) Reveal Complex Movement Representations

Long-train intracortical microstimulation (LT-ICMS) is a popular method for studying the organization of motor and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in mammals. In primates, LT-ICMS evokes both multijoint and multiple-body-part movements in primary motor, premotor, and PPC. In rodents, LT-ICMS evokes complex movements of a single limb in motor cortex. Unfortunately, very little is known about motor/PPC organization in other mammals. Tree shrews are closely related to both primates and rodents and could provide insights into the evolution of complex movement domains in primates. The present study investigated the extent of cortex in which movements could be evoked with ICMS and the characteristics of movements elicited using both short train (ST) and LT-ICMS in tree shrews. We demonstrate that LT-ICMS and ST-ICMS maps are similar, with the movements elicited with ST-ICMS being truncated versions of those elicited with LT-ICMS. In addition, LT-ICMS-evoked complex movements within motor cortex similar to those in rodents. More complex movements involving multiple body parts such as the hand and mouth were also elicited in motor cortex and PPC, as in primates. Our results suggest that complex movement networks present in PPC and motor cortex were present in mammals prior to the emergence of primates.
ELASTIC SCATTERING SPECTROSCOPY FOR NONINVASIVE DETECTION OF CANCER

Abstract Optical spectroscopy mediated by fibre-optic probes can be used to perform noninvasive, or minimally-invasive, real-time assessment of tissue pathology in-situ. The most common approaches have been based on UV-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, which are assumed to be responsive to biochemical changes in cells. On the other hand, our method of elastic-scattering spectroscopy (ESS) is sensitive to the sub-cellular architectural changes, such as nuclear grade or nuclear to cytoplasm ratio, mitochondrial size and density, etc., which correlate with features used in histological assessment. The ESS method senses those morphology changes in a semi-quantitative manner, without actually imaging the microscopic structure. To aid in the design of optical probes and the understanding of the resulting spectroscopic signals, modelling of photon scattering and migration in tissue is carried out using Mie theory and Monte Carlo simulations. Clinical demonstrations of ESS have been conducted in a variety of organ sites, and promising results have been obtained. Larger-scale clinical studies are now starting.
Introduction: The Human Ecology of Lesbian and Bisexual Women's Mental Health

SUMMARY This introduction to Lesbian and Bisexual Women's Mental Health reviews the need for research specific to lesbian and bisexual women's mental health. We also emphasize the need to provide research sensitive to the multidimensional nature of lesbian and bisexual women's lives. We provide a human ecological perspective consistent with lifespan developmental psychology and compatible with Clinical Social Work and Counseling Psychology as well as other interdisciplinary disciplines. With a strong emphasis on empirical research, this volume introduces readers to research that explores and reexamines the interactions between lesbian and bisexual women's mental health and the diverse social contexts in which they (we) live.
Syntheses and Cellular Investigations of 173-, 152-, and 131-Amino Acid Derivatives of Chlorin e6

A series of amino acid conjugates of chlorin e6, containing lysine or aspartic acid residues in positions 173, 152, or 131 of the macrocycle were synthesized and investigated as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of tumors. All three regioisomers were synthesized in good yields and in five steps or less from pheophytin a (1). In vitro investigations using human carcinoma HEp2 cells show that the 152-lysyl regioisomers accumulate the most within cells, and the most phototoxic are the 131 regioisomers. The main determinant of biological efficacy appears to be the conjugation site, probably because of molecular conformation. Molecular modeling investigations reveal that the 173-substituted chlorin e6 conjugates are L-shaped, the 152 and 131 regioisomers assume extended conformations, and the 131 derivatives are nearly linear. It is hypothesized that the 131-aspartylchlorin e6 conjugate may be a more efficient photosensitizer for PDT than the commercial currently used 152 derivative.
A new look at signal sparsity paradigm for low-dose computed tomography image reconstruction

Signal sparsity in computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction field is routinely interpreted as sparse angular sampling around the patient body whose image is to be reconstructed. For CT clinical applications, while the normal tissues may be known and treated as sparse signals but the abnormalities inside the body are usually unknown signals and may not be treated as sparse signals. Furthermore, the locations and structures of abnormalities are also usually unknown, and this uncertainty adds in more challenges in interpreting signal sparsity for clinical applications. In this exploratory experimental study, we assume that once the projection data around the continuous body are discretized regardless at what sampling rate, the image reconstruction of the continuous body from the discretized data becomes a signal sparse problem. We hypothesize that a dense prior model describing the continuous body is a desirable choice for achieving an optimal solution for a given clinical task. We tested this hypothesis by adapting total variation stroke (TVS) model to describe the continuous body signals and showing the gain over the classic filtered backprojection (FBP) at a wide range of angular sampling rate. For the given clinical task of detecting lung nodules of size 5mm and larger, a consistent improvement of TVS over FBP on nodule detection was observed by an experienced radiologists from low sample rate to high sampling rate. This experimental outcome concurs with the expectation of the TVS model. Further investigation for theoretical insights and task-dependent evaluations is needed.
Development of a JAVA Based Water Distribution Simulation Capability for Infrastructure Interdependency Analyses

A linear theory approach is applied to the hydraulic simulation of a water distribution system within the Interdependent Energy Infrastructure Simulation System (IEISS). IEISS is an actor-based infrastructure modeling, simulation, and analysis tool designed to assist individuals in analyzing and understanding interdependent energy infrastructures. In particular, it has the ability to analyze and simulate the interdependent electric power and natural gas infrastructures. The ultimate goal for IEISS is a multi-infrastructure modeling framework that can be used to analyze the complex, nonlinear interactions among interdependent infrastructures including electric power, natural gas, petroleum, water, and other network based infrastructures that is scalable to multiple spatial (e.g., urban to regional) and temporal resolutions. The actor-based infrastructure components were developed in IEISS to realistically simulate the dynamic interactions within each of the infrastructures, as well as, the interconnections between the infrastructures. To enhance its capabilities, a generalized fluid network will be added to the infrastructure framework, which will allow for the analysis of specific fluid infrastructures (e.g., water, petroleum, oil, etc.). In this research, we describe the extension of IEISS to include water infrastructure. The resulting simulation capability (i.e., IEISS Water) will allow the simulation of transmission/distribution-level water systems in terms of infrastructure specific vulnerabilities and interdependent infrastructure vulnerabilities (e.g., power and water disruptions).
P21cip1 induced by Raf is associated with increased Cdk4 activity in hematopoietic cells

To investigate the functions of the different Raf genes in hematopoietic cell proliferation, the capacities of β-estradiol-regulated ΔRaf:ER genes to induce cell cycle regulatory gene expression and cell cycle progression in FDC-P1 cells were examined. Raf activation increased the expression of Cdk2, Cdk4, cyclin A, cyclin D, cyclin E, p21Cip1 and c-Myc and decreased the expression of p27Kip1 which are associated with G1 progression. However only the cell clones with moderate Raf activation, i.e. FD/ΔRaf-1:ER and FD/ΔA-Raf:ER, successfully underwent cell proliferation. The cell clones with the highest ΔRaf activity, FD/ΔB-Raf:ER, underwent apoptosis before cell proliferation. p21Cip1 induced by Raf activation specifically bound with Cdk4/cyclin D complexes but not Cdk2/cyclin E complexes and this binding was associated with the increased Cdk4 activity. However, no binding of p27Kip1 with either Cdk2/cyclin E or Cdk4/cyclin D was observed. Thus Raf mediated growth was associated with elevated p21Cip1 expression, which may specifically bind with and activate Cdk4/cyclin D complexes and with decreased p27Kip1 expression.
Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Definitions and Burden of Disease

Osteoarthritis, as distinguished from arthritis secondary to inflammatory or neurologic disorders, is the most common form of joint disease and is one of the leading causes of disability in the USA and worldwide. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), the osteoarthritis that develops following joint injury, causes life-long pain and disability for millions of people. Excessive mechanical forces applied to synovial joints as a result of acute joint injury and post-traumatic residual joint abnormalities, primarily instability and articular surface incongruity, lead to progressive loss of articular cartilage, to bone remodeling, and to changes in the joint soft tissues, resulting in PTOA. One of the most important recent advances in understanding of PTOA has been the recognition that while mechanical injury causes direct tissue damage, PTOA is not a direct or inevitable consequence of the initial mechanical damage. Instead, PTOA mechanical joint injury is followed by localized and whole-joint biologic responses, including release of inflammatory mediators, that contribute to progressive tissue destruction as well as repair responses. Increased age significantly increases the risk of OA following joint injury, possibly as a result of an age-related decrease in the ability of chondrocytes, and possibly other cells, to restore and maintain the articular surface. Recent evidence suggests that trivial joint injuries, often unappreciated when they occur, may account for a large percentage of OA, especially in older persons. Unfortunately, current treatments of joint injuries all too often fail to prevent PTOA, although a number of recent research results suggest that inhibiting the biologic mediators of joint destruction initiated by excessive mechanical forces has the potential to prevent or decrease the risk of PTOA.
The Current Research Status and Development Strategy on Biomimetic Robot

Bionic robots are good performance mechanical and electrical systems which imitate biological structures and motion characteristics of organisms according to the principles of bionics.They have shown their potential use in the dangerous conditions to human beings,such as anti-terrorism,space exploration and rescue.The bionic robots can be divided into three types according to their work conditions,such as the land bionic robots,the air bionic robots,and the underwater bionic robots.The developments of the bionic robots have experienced three stages,such as original exploration,imitation of the biological prototypes' appearances and motions,mechanical and electrical systems with partial biological properties.The research status at home and abroad of these three types robots is discussed.And several problems of the researches are found after analysis,such as the lack of the biological motion mechanism researches,the traditional construction,material,driving and controlling mode,and the low efficiency of the power,leading to the difference between robots and creatures.These problems make the bionic robots similar in shape to the creatures but very different in essence.So the bionic robots now days are absence of effective applications.The development trend is pointed out that the bionic robots are developing towards lifelike system,including moving toward the rigid-flexible mechanism,integration of the bionics construction,material and driver,neuron fine control,and the efficient power transformation.
Control Strategy Study of Current Disturbing Device

An advanced high-power current disturbing device is studied.The device is composed of fundamental-currentisturbing modules,harmonic-current-disturbing modules and rectifier modules.Control strategies of each moduls are dscribed.The prototype experimental results are presented to show that the device can generate all kinds of current disturing signals such as imbalance,disturbance and harmonics,it also can achieve unity power factor operation.
Central auditory and vestibular pathology.

MR is the radiologic examination of choice when a patient’s symptoms indicate the presence of some retrola-byrinthine pathology. CT dynamic studies now permit both heart and brain assessment for poor blood circulation problems of the hindbrain.
Comparison of postoperative venous thromboembolism incidence in gastrointestinal and gynecologic solid tumors

Abstract Introduction Studies have shown the benefit of 28 days of extended postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis for patients undergoing major cancer surgery in the abdomen or pelvis. We retrospectively evaluated the VTE incidence at the University of Kansas Hospital between gynecologic (GYN) cancer patients, who receive extended prophylaxis, and gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients, who do not. Methods Patients were evaluated between January of 2010 and December of 2013, and VTE data for eligible patients were collected for 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Results The study population composed of 190 GYN and 204 GI patients. Colon and endometrial cancers were the most common diagnoses. For GYN and GI patients respectively, VTE occurred in 4.2% and 5.4% at 30 days (p = 0.584) and 7.4% and 7.8% at 90 days (p = 0.514). One VTE-related death occurred in the GI group. GI patients underwent more open surgeries, 77.9% versus 66.3% (p = 0.010) and had longer postoperative hospital stay, median of 7 versus 4 days (p Conclusions There were no significant differences in overall VTE incidence between the two patient groups at 30 and 90 days postoperatively. A majority of VTEs occurred in stage IV patients and patients who underwent open surgeries regardless of diagnosis.
The exciting prospects of new therapies with mesenchymal stromal cells

From the outset, it was apparent that developing new therapies with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) was not a simple or easy task. Among the earliest experiments was administration of MSCs from normal mice to transgenic mice that developed brittle bones because they expressed a mutated gene for type 1 collagen isolated from a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta. The results prompted a clinical trial of MSCs in patients with severe osteogenesis imperfecta. Subsequent work by large numbers of scientists and clinicians has established that, with minor exceptions, MSCs do not engraft or differentiate to a large extent in vivo. Instead the cells produce beneficial effects in a large number of animal models and some clinical trials by secreting paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles in a "hit and run" scenario. The field faces a number of challenges, but the results indicate that we are on the way to effective therapies for millions of patients who suffer from devastating diseases.
High Dose Therapy with Autologous Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) for Follicular Lymphoma: Long-Term Outcome According to Histologic Grade.

Follicular lymphoma is generally an indolent disease with a relatively long natural history requiring multiple therapies over many years. The optimal combination and sequence of these therapies continue to evolve. Despite substantial supporting evidence (including a recently published, randomized study), the role of high dose therapy with ASCT in follicular lymphoma has been questioned. Therefore, we reviewed the Cleveland Clinic experience to determine the long-term outcome of follicular lymphoma patients according to histologic grade. Between June 1991 and June 2004, 105 patients with relapsed, grade 1–3, follicular lymphoma (without histologic transformation) received high dose CBV (n=9) or BuCyVP (n=96) and ASCT at the Cleveland Clinic. The median follow-up among survivors is 4.4 (0.1–11.4) years. Table of patient, disease, ASCT characteristics, and outcome | Variable | Grade 1 (n=45) | Grade 2 (n=36) | Grade 3 (n=24) | p-value | |:-------------------------------------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | ------- | | Age: median (range) | 49(35–62) | 51(33–58) | 53(42–64) | 0.042 | | Male sex: N (%) | 23(51) | 20(56) | 12(50) | 0.89 | | Years from diagnosis to ASCT: median (range) | 3.0(0.4–15.7) | 3.0(0.9–17.6) | 2.3(0.6–15.2) | 0.34 | | Prior # chemotherapy regimens: 2–3/>4, N (%) | 36(80)/9(20) | 32(89)/4(11) | 19(79)/5(21) | 0.49 | | Disease status at ASCT: CR/PR, N (%) | 6(13)/33(73) | 10(28)/22(61) | 6(25)/15(63) | 0.58 | | Bone marrow status at ASCT: +/−, N (%) | 8(23)/27(77) | 4(13)/28(88) | 4(18)/18(82) | 0.54 | | Prior radiation therapy: N (%) | 14(31) | 11(31) | 5(21) | 0.63 | | LDH > normal at ASCT: N (%) | 28(62) | 27(77) | 13(54) | 0.16 | | Tumor bulk >10 cm at ASCT: N (%) | 8(18) | 6(17) | 5(21) | 0.92 | | Disease progression: N (%) | 20(44) | 13(36) | 11(46) | – | | Death: N (%) | 17(38) | 11(31) | 10(42) | – | Kaplan-Meier freedom from progression and overall survival according to histologic grade are shown: ![Figure][1] Figure By Cox proportional univariate analysis, male sex, ≥4 prior chemotherapy regimens, and elevated LDH predicted a higher risk of progression while prior radiation therapy and bone marrow involvement predicted a higher risk of death. By Cox proportional multivariate analysis, male sex and elevated LDH predicted a higher risk of progression while prior radiation therapy and tumor bulk predicted a higher risk of death. In conclusion, approximately half of all patients that receive high dose therapy and ASCT for relapsed follicular lymphoma of any histologic grade enjoy long-term remissions and survival. ASCT remains one of the most beneficial treatment options for many patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma. [1]: pending:yes
Risk, Rationality and Decisions

In August of 1997, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) formed an advisory committee to consider how the Agency should respond to the issue of endocrine disruptors in the environment. Such committees are formed under the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA), which specifies that government agencies will bring together relevant outside experts to advise them whenever decisions must be reached that involve significant technical issues. The Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC) was formed under FACA to advise the Agency on the design of a program to determine which substances in the environment pose a risk to health through endocrine disruption (i.e. disruption of the endocrine system controlling the many hormones produced by the body, and which in turn control processes of development, reproduction and metabolism).
A field experiment of the impact of body-worn cameras (BWCs) on police officer behavior and perceptions

Abstract Amidst the backdrop of considerable citizen unrest in the U.S. stemming from perceived injustices within police-citizen interactions in recent years, many government leaders have relied on the use of body-worn cameras as a means of improving citizen relations. The promise of body-worn cameras is that they might improve officer and citizen behavior given the possibility of retrospective and independent determinations of the appropriateness of behaviors which occur within police-citizen encounters. While the emerging evaluation evidence of their usefulness have been generally promising, overall determinations remain incomplete. Using a partial randomized experimental design, this study evaluated the impact of a test pilot program of body-worn camera use by the Hallandale Beach, Florida Police Department in the U.S. to determine their impact on police officer behavior and perceptions. Findings revealed that officers with BWCs 1) relied on less intrusive methods to resolve incidents, 2) continued to be active rather than abstaining from community contact, and 3) officer perceptions of the usefulness of BWCs remained pessimistic. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
Update on Electronic Dental Record and Clinical Computing Adoption Among Dental Practices in the United States

This study sought to re-characterize trends and factors affecting electronic dental record (EDR) and technologies adoption by dental practices and the impact of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) act on adoption rates through 2012. A 39-question survey was disseminated nationally over 3 months using a novel, statistically-modeled approach informed by early response rates to achieve a predetermined sample. EDR adoption rate for clinical support was 52%. Adoption rates were higher among: (1) younger dentists; (2) dentists ≤ 15 years in practice; (3) females; and (4) group practices. Top barriers to adoption were EDR cost/expense, cost-benefit ratio, electronic format conversion, and poor EDR usability. Awareness of the Federal HITECH incentive program was low. The rate of chairside computer implementation was 72%. Adoption of EDR in dental offices in the United States was higher in 2012 than electronic health record adoption rates in medical offices and was not driven by the HITECH program. Patient portal adoption among dental practices in the United States remained low.
Osteochondrosis (Osgood-Schlatter and Osteochondritis Dissecans)

Disorders like OCD and apophysitis are common in pediatric orthopedics. Most of these are self-limited. OCD about the knee, for example, may eventually require surgical intervention if conservative management fails.
Correlates of Female Sterilization in Bihar: Does Women’s Empowerment Matter?

Female sterilization is the most emphasized and utilized method of family planning in India. Recently, Bihar, one of India’s most socially and economically disadvantaged states, has garnered national and international attention for government prompted, coercive measures to sterilize impoverished women (MacAskill, 2013; Human Rights Watch, 2012). Using data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), this study examined the association between factors of women’s empowerment and female sterilization controlling for sociodemographic characteristics in the state of Bihar. Logistic regression analysis was restricted to women from Bihar aged 15–49 (N = 1165) who reported using some method of contraception. The strength of association was estimated by calculating the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sixty-eight percent of the women in the sample reported being sterilized. The women, on average were 34 years old and 50% of the women reported having no formal education. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, women with more than a 10th grade education were 73% less likely to report being sterilized compared to women with no education (OR 0.27; CI 0.14–0.52), controlling for other variables. Additionally, women who delayed marriage were significantly less likely to report being sterilized (OR 0.89; CI 0.85–0.95), controlling for other variables. Women’s out-of-home employment and intrahousehold decision-making were not statistically significant correlates of sterilization status. Age and religious affiliation were significant sociodemographic correlates of sterilization. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.
Statistical Risk Modeling

Statistical risk modeling provides a holistic approach to describing and predicting the probabilities of adverse health responses based on individual exposures and covariates. Rather than attempting to describe or simulate the detailed causal and biological processes that lead from exposure to response probabilities within an individual, statistical risk modeling relies on observed data relating exposures, covariates, and responses at the level of the whole organism or a population of organisms. It seeks to describe this multivariate relation parsimoniously, often as a sum of a stable, predictable relation and a random component.
Lateral cartilage defects and medial subchondral surface ratio are associated with knee-related disability.

We sought to determine the relationship between (i) full-thickness cartilage defects and tibiofemoral subchondral surface ratio (SSR) and (ii) disability and quality of life in patients with mild radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2) or without radiographic OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grades 0 or 1)? A total of 642 participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) with baseline knee MRIs and a Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2 or less on both bilateral screening radiographs were included. The independent relationship was assessed between (i) full-thickness cartilage defect presence and tibiofemoral SSR and (ii) Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) quality of life (QOL), KOOS function in sports and recreation (KOOS-sport/rec), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) disability score after adjustment for relevant confounders with multivariate regression modeling. The prevalence of medial full-thickness defects was 10.4% (67/642) and lateral was 18.1% (116/642). Lateral defect presence was associated with worse KOOS-QOL (beta -3.61 SE 1.04; p = 0.001), KOOS-sport/rec (beta -4.70 SE 1.38; p = 0.001) and WOMAC-disability scores (beta 0.02 SE 0.01; p = 0.001); these associations were not influenced by defect size. A larger medial compartment SSR was associated with worse KOOS-QOL (beta -27.20 SE 6.80; p < 0.001), KOOS-sports/rec (beta -22.30 SE 9.01; p = 0.01) and WOMAC-disability scores (beta 0.16 SE 0.04; p < 0.001). In older adults with little to no radiographic osteoarthritis, lateral full-thickness cartilage defects, irrespective of size, and a larger medial compartment tibiofemoral SSR are potential sources of knee-related symptoms that are not appreciated on standard radiographs. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:378-385, 2019.
Modulated dark-field phasing detection for automatic optical inspection

II-VI Foundation Block-Gift Program; Technology Research Initiative Fund Optics/Imaging Program
Survey and Taxonomy of Volunteer Computing

Volunteer Computing is a kind of distributed computing that harnesses the aggregated spare computing resources of volunteer devices. It provides a cheaper and greener alternative computing infrastructure that can complement the dedicated, centralized, and expensive data centres. The aggregated idle computing resources of devices ranging from desktop computers to routers and smart TVs are being utilized to provide the much needed computing infrastructure for compute intensive tasks such as scientific simulations and big data analysis. However, the use of Volunteer Computing is still dominated by scientific applications and only a very small fraction of the potential volunteer nodes are participating. This article provides a comprehensive survey of Volunteer Computing, covering key technical and operational issues such as security, task distribution, resource management, and incentive models. The article also presents a taxonomy of Volunteer Computing systems, together with discussions of the characteristics of specific systems in each category. To harness the full potentials of Volunteer Computing and make it a reliable alternative computing infrastructure for general applications, we need to improve the existing techniques and device new mechanisms. Thus, this article also sheds light on important issues regarding the future research and development of Volunteer Computing systems with the aim of making them a viable alternative computing infrastructure.
Does Hearing Loss in the Elderly Individuals Conform to Impairment of Specific Cognitive Domains

Background:It is well known that age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is strongly associated with dementia. Different hypotheses have been considered to explain this link, including sensorial deprivatio...
202 Cell phone use and a pattern of risk behaviors associated with crashes in young adult drivers: implications for policy

Statement of Purpose Young drivers under the age of 24 are involved in more fatal crashes featuring cell phone distraction than any other age group (NHTSA, 2019). Unfortunately, statewide policies prohibiting cell phone use while driving fail to show consistent reductions in motor vehicle crashes (MVC) (McCartt et al., 2014). This study tested if cell phone use while driving is but one manifestation of a pattern of risk taking among young adult drivers. Methods/Approach A sample of young drivers across the US aged 18–24 (n=384) completed an online survey capturing crash and citation history, engagement in risk-related driving behaviors (including intentional violations and driving errors from the DBQ, and additional cell phone use items), impulsivity, and demographic information. A confirmatory factor analysis tested a latent structure of risk-related driving behaviors identified in a prior study (Walshe et al., 2018), along with alternative models. Associations between variables were examined with correlation coefficients and regression analysis. Results Almost half of the sample (44.5%) reported involvement in at least one MVC as a driver. The majority also reported engaging in cell phone calls while driving (73.2%, n=281) and texting while driving (61.7%, n=237). A 2-factor structure was confirmed, revealing that cell phone use loaded highly on a latent factor largely consisting of intentional driving violations. A binary logistic regression revealed a significant association between the probability of reporting a crash and this reckless driving factor (Wald=4.058, p=0.044) as well as impulsivity (Wald=8.602, p=0.003). Conclusions These findings suggest that cell phone use does not represent a unique source of reckless driving behavior associated with crashes. Significance and Contributions Interventions for improving driver safety should adopt a holistic approach addressing patterns of risk-taking in young drivers.
A Schema-based Perspective to Understanding Hotel Social Media Content Strategy

Social media marketing has focused on content strategy for understanding the factors which distinguish “highly liked” content apart. This conceptual paper sought to provide a theory-based perspecti...
Abstract 035: Chronic Mild Sleep Restriction Leads To Increased Sedentary Time And Reductions In Physical Activity

Background: Sleeping less than 7 h per night is a risk factor for positive energy balance and weight gain. While the effect of short sleep on energy intake has been extensively studied, its influen...
Detection of Small Fiber Neuronal Activity with Optically Pumped Magnetometers

Abstract The pain experience is a complex process that involves the activation of multiple neuronal signaling pathways that originate in the peripheral nervous system and are transmitted to the central nervous system. In the peripheral nervous system, specialized peripheral nociceptor (unmyelinated C fibers and lightly myelinated Aδ fibers) depolarization results in afferent transmission of noxious signals. Small Fiber Neuropathy (SFN) can result in chronic neuropathic pain with significant lifetime morbidity if not promptly treated. Current technological and operator limitations may delay SFN diagnosis and prolong appropriate treatment. Therefore, there is an unmet need for robust and non-invasive ways to accurately measure small fiber function. It is well known that the propagation of action potentials along a nerve is the result of ionic current flow which, according to Ampere’s Law, generates a small magnetic field that is detectable by magnetometers such as superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) Magnetoencephalography (MEG) systems. Optically pumped magnetometers (OPM) are an emerging class of quantum magnetic sensors with a demonstrated sensitivity of 1 fT/√Hz level, capable of cortical action potential detection. However, they have not as of yet been implemented for peripheral nerve action potential detection. We demonstrate for the first time, compelling evidence that OPMs can detect the magnetic signature of travelling peripheral nerve action potentials that indicate OPM’s use as a potential technique for SFN diagnosis.
Environmental and management drivers of soil health indicators on Michigan field crop farms

Abstract Maintaining soil health is critical for sustainable field crop production. This on-farm study used participatory monitoring and employed a Bayesian linear regression model to investigate the impact of various drivers (i.e., climate, soil edaphic properties, management practices, cropping diversity, and tillage intensity) on soil health indicators. Over two years, we sampled 242 focal points in soybean fields on thirty-five farms across three regions in Michigan differing in climate, edaphic properties and management practices. Soils ranged from loam to sandy loam. Soil health indicators assessed included soil organic carbon (SOC), total soil nitrogen (TSN), permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), C mineralization (Cmin), potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), phosphorus, calcium, soil surface and subsurface resistance, and wet aggregate stability (WAS). We observed location effects, with each of the three regions differing in their climate, soil edaphic properties, and management practices. We found that aridity and clay content are primary drivers of most soil health indicators. Specifically, crop diversity, irrespective of composition, was positively associated with Cmin and WAS. Tillage intensity was positively associated with PMN but negatively influenced POXC. Overall, we conclude that although climate and soil edaphic properties are the dominant drivers of soil health, management practices also play a critical role, especially when considering soil biological indicators.
Principles of Neuropsychological Rehabilitation

This text describes principles for understanding and managing permanent neuropsychological impairment in brain-damaged adults. It also presents a new perspective on disorders of self-awareness and recovery as well as deterioration after brain injury, which have clear implications for neurorehabilitation.
The Complete Surgical Pathology Report

An essential component of the postanalytic phase of a pathology test is a timely, concise, complete, and easy to read and understand report. The information provided in the pathology report is useful for optimal patient management as it provides not only accurate diagnosis but also information that may be prognostic or predictive. The purpose of a specimen procurement may be defeated if the pathology report is inaccurate, verbose, incomplete, difficult to read, or difficult to understand. An incomplete or ambiguous pathology report for cancer resection may not only delay patient management (as clarification of the report may be sought by the treating clinicians), but may be misunderstood with potentially significant consequences. Hence, the importance of a complete report cannot be overemphasized. The need for standardized reporting was identified more than two decades ago. The Association of Directors of Surgical Pathology (ADASP) highlighted the importance of standardization of surgical pathology reports, including the use of a “checklist” approach for recording information needed for patient treatment and prognosis. While most of the recommendations by ADASP have been adopted by most in the pathology community, there have been recent studies highlighting the need for improvement in the standardization and completeness of pathology reports. In fact, a recent College of American Pathology (CAP) Q-Probes study found that almost 30 % of pathology reports lacked at least one or more required elements.
Five-dimensional ultrasound system for soft tissue visualization

A five-dimensional ultrasound (US) system is proposed as a real-time pipeline involving fusion of 3D B-mode data with the 3D ultrasound elastography (USE) data as well as visualization of these fused data and a real-time update capability over time for each consecutive scan. 3D B-mode data assist in visualizing the anatomy of the target organ, and 3D elastography data adds strain information. We investigate the feasibility of such a system and show that an end-to-end real-time system, from acquisition to visualization, can be developed. We present a system that consists of (a) a real-time 3D elastography algorithm based on a normalized cross-correlation (NCC) computation on a GPU; (b) real-time 3D B-mode acquisition and network transfer; (c) scan conversion of 3D elastography and B-mode volumes (if acquired by 4D wobbler probe); and (d) visualization software that fuses, visualizes, and updates 3D B-mode and 3D elastography data in real time. We achieved a speed improvement of 4.45-fold for the threaded version of the NCC-based 3D USE versus the non-threaded version. The maximum speed was 79 volumes/s for 3D scan conversion. In a phantom, we validated the dimensions of a 2.2-cm-diameter sphere scan-converted to B-mode volume. Also, we validated the 5D US system visualization transfer function and detected 1- and 2-cm spherical objects (phantom lesion). Finally, we applied the system to a phantom consisting of three lesions to delineate the lesions from the surrounding background regions of the phantom. A 5D US system is achievable with real-time performance. We can distinguish between hard and soft areas in a phantom using the transfer functions.
Squamous cell carcinomas of the skin responsive to erlotinib: 5 cases

Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRi) are a class of targeted antineoplastics used for the palliative treatment of aggressive squamous cell cancers of skin (SCCS). Most reports describe the monoclonal antibody, cetuximab, or the small molecule, gefitinib.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Response rates of SCCS to EGFRi are high, with complete response (CR) not uncommon. The molecular basis for susceptibility of SCCS to EGFRi remains unknown. A report found no EGFR mutations in SCCS of patients treated with gefitinib.1 Erlotinib is an orally available EGFRi approved for the treatment of lung and pancreatic cancer. Here we describe the courses of 5 patients with recurrent/unresectable or metastatic SCCS who had palliative benefit from erlotinib. We also report the results of EGFR mutational analysis of their archived tumors. One of these patients was reported on previously in an abstract.2
Journal of Electron Devices Society Comes of Age

Sitting on the third floor of the Princeton Public Library, Princeton NJ, USA, the hometown of Albert Einstein, I was conducting the business of IEEE Journal of Electron Device (J-EDS). While on the J-EDS website, I noted an interesting statistic. The impact factor of J-EDS was 2.472. In simple language this means that on an average, a paper published in J-EDS, since its inception in 2013, has been cited 2.5 times in the literature. While this may not sound like a large number, let me present some comparisons. The current impact factor of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (T-ED) is 2.512, exceeding that of J-EDS by 0.04. Thus over a short span of two years since its birth [1] , thanks to the patronage of authors and readers alike, coupled with the hard work of the editorial board, the J-EDS is now approaching the performance metric of its big brother T-ED. To provide a further comparison, I dug up my December 1994 presentation to the IEEE Electron Devices Society (EDS) Administrative Committee (ADCom) and found that Electron Device Letters (EDL), over the same first two years of its life, had an impact factor of 0.42 back in 1982. Thus the growth pattern of J-EDS has been nothing but spectacular. The gap with highly successful sister publications such as the IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics [2] with an impact factor of 3 is closing.
The Effect of Dietary Protein Levels on Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in the Rat

Relative to rats fed a 15% protein-diet, 300-g rats fed a 5% protein-diet for 5 weeks consumed 19% more food but gained only 28% as much weight, showed twice the thermic response when fed, had twice as much subscapular brown adipose tissue with almost twice the specific GDP-binding activity. There was no difference between these groups in skeletal growth nor, unexpectedly, in the proportion of carcass fat.
From Society Page to Front Page: Nebraska Women in Journalism

Review of: "From Society Page to Front Page: Nebraska Women in Journalism," by Kimberly Wilmot Voss.
Minimal linkage and the Gorenstein locus of an ideal

Let I be a Cohen-Macaulay ideal of grade g > 0 in a local Gorenstein ring ( R, m ) with residue class field k . An R -ideal J is said to be linked to I with respect to the regular sequence α = α 1 …, α g ⊂ I ∩ J if J = ( α ): I and I = ( α ): J ([6]). In this paper we are concerned with the following question: how big is dim k (( α , mJ)/mJ)? Obviously this dimension is at most g , but it could be as small as 0. If it is g then the link from J to I is called a minimal link, which is in most respects the desired type of link. The only general result known in this direction is that if I is Gorenstein, then dim k {( α , mJ)/mJ ) = g unless both I and J are complete intersections (see [1], Proposition 5.2). We are able to generalize this fact to the case where ( R/I) p is Gorenstein for all prime ideals p in R/I with dim ( R/J) p ≤ 4; however we have to assume that I is generically a complete intersection ideal, and that R is a complete intersection (Theorem 2.3). Without the assumption on R we prove that if I is generically a complete intersection, and if for a fixed integer r the type of ( R/I)p is at most r for all prime ideals p in R/I with dim ( R/I) P ≤ (r + 1) 2 , then dim k (( α , mJ/mJ )) ≥ g — r (Proposition 2.1). If r = 1, i.e. if R/I is Gorenstein in codimension 4, then this estimate shows the dimension is at least g — 1. Theorem 2.3 can also be interpreted to yield a strong upper bound for the codimension of the non-Gorenstein-locus of certain perfect ideals: Let R be a regular local ring. Let I be an R -ideal which is generically a complete intersection, and assume that I is in the even linkage class of a Gorenstein ideal (i.e., there exists a sequence of links I ~ I 1 ~ I 2 ~ … ~ I 2n with I 2n a Gorenstein ideal); then I is a Gorenstein ideal provided that {R/I) p is Gorenstein for all prime ideals p of R/I with dim ( R/I) p ≤ 4 (Corollary 3.1).
Optimal Control of Nonconvex Differential Inclusions

The paper deals with dynamic optimization problems of the Bolza and Mayer types for evolution systems governed by nonconvex Lipschitzian differential inclusions in Banach spaces under endpoint constraints described by finitely many equalities and inequalities with generally nonsmooth functions. We develop a variational analysis of such problems mainly based on their discrete approximations and the usage of advanced tools of generalized differentiation. In this way we establish extended results on stability of discrete approximations and derive necessary optimality conditions for nonconvex discrete-time and continuous-time systems in the refined Euler-Lagrange and Weierstrass-Pontryagin forms accompanied by the appropriate transversality inclusions. In contrast to the case of geometric endpoint constraints in infinite dimensions, the necessary optimality conditions obtained in this paper do not impose any nonempty interiority/finite codimension/normal compactness assumptions.
Spectral representation of irregularly sampled radar image sequences

Irregularly sampled imaged data is frequently encountered in remote sensing applications. An algorithm is presented here for the spectral characterization of an irregularly sampled image sequence. Images are transformed to a low dimensional feature space using an iterative Karhunen-Loeve technique, and multivariate spectra for the resulting sequence of feature vectors estimated using the Lomb periodogram. The utility of the algorithm for data analysis and prediction is demonstrated by application to a sequence of backscatter ionograms recorded at Alice Springs in central Australia, as part of the Jindalee over-the-horizon radar program.