cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENCES IN RISK AVERSION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH

This paper studies the role played by differences in risk aversion in affecting the long-run distribution of wealth across agents in the context of an endowment economy. The economy is populated by two types of Epstein-Zin agents who differ only in their attitudes toward risk. By choosing riskier portfolio strategies, less-risk-averse agents enjoy returns on their investments characterized by a higher mean and a higher variance than the ones enjoyed by more-risk-averse agents. The former effect tends to make less-risk-averse agents wealthier over time, whereas the latter tends to make them poorer. The paper shows that, contrary to the results obtained using standard expected utility preferences, for some parameter values the long-run distribution of wealth is dominated by more-risk-averse agents.
Selective induction of rat liver phase II enzymes by N-heterocycle analogues of phenanthrene: a response exhibiting high correlation between UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and microsomal epoxide hydrolase activities

1. Among nitrogen heterocycles based on the planar phenanthrene structure are three (1,7- and 4,7-phenanthroline and phenanthridine) which selectively increase rat hepatic phase II drug metabolizing enzyme activities without increasing cytochrome P450 concentration. Of six monooxygenase activities investigated, only ethoxyresorufin dealky-lase was raised but this was only minor.2. The detergent-activated UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities towards morphine, 4-nitrophenol, and 1-naphthol were increased up to five-, three- and two-fold of control respectively. Microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity towards cis-stilbene oxide was increased up to three-fold and cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity towards 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene reached twice the control value.3. Cytosolic 4-nitrophenol sulphotransferase activity was not increased by any compound and like some monooxygenase reactions, was decreased by 4,7- and 1,7-phenanthrolines.4. 1, 10-Phenanthroline and two compounds which lack a heterocycl...
Fixed‐structure robust controller synthesis via decentralized static output feedback

SUMMARY This paper describes and illustrates a unified methodology for robust, fixed-structure controller synthesis. The approach is based upon direct fixed-structure controller synthesis using a decentralized static output feedback formulation as a general framework for representing a large class of controller structures. Scaled Popov bounds for the real structured singular value are used to account for real parameter uncertainty and provide the means for optimizing a worst-case H 2 cost bound with respect to the free parameters of the controller. Quasi-Newton optimization algorithms are used to solve the resulting numerical optimization problem. Initial stability multiplier and scaling matrices needed in scaled Popov synthesis are obtained by solving an LMI feasibility problem. Using both centralized and decentralized controller structures, numerical results are obtained for a 16th-order acoustic duct model with uncertain damped natural frequencies and for a two-dimensional beam-spring model with uncertain actuator locations. ( 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p63RhoGEF Couples Gαq/11-Mediated Signaling to Ca2+ Sensitization of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contractility

Rationale:In normal and diseased vascular smooth muscle (SM), the RhoA pathway, which is activated by multiple agonists through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), plays a central role in regulating basal tone and peripheral resistance. This occurs through inhibition of myosin light chain phosphatase, leading to increased phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain. Although it is thought that specific agonists and GPCRs may couple to distinct RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), thus raising the possibility of selective targeting of specific GEFs for therapeutic use, this notion is largely unexplored for SM contraction. Objective:We examine whether p63RhoGEF, known to couple specifically to Gαq/11 in vitro, is functional in blood vessels as a mediator of RhoA activation and if it is selectively activated by Gαq/11 coupled agonists. Methods and Results:We find that p63RhoGEF is present across SM tissues and demonstrate that silencing of the endogenous p63RhoGEF in mouse portal vein i...
Hapten Application to the Skin Induces an Inflammatory Program Directing Hapten-Primed Effector CD8 T Cell Interaction with Hapten-Presenting Endothelial Cells

Contact hypersensitivity is a CD8 T cell-mediated response to hapten sensitization and challenge of the skin. Effector CD8 T cell recruitment into the skin parenchyma to elicit the response to hapten challenge requires prior CXCL1/KC-directed neutrophil infiltration within 3-6 h after challenge and is dependent on IFN-γ and IL-17 produced by the hapten-primed CD8 T cells. Mechanisms directing hapten-primed CD8 T cell localization and activation in the Ag challenge site to induce this early CXCL1 production in response to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene were investigated. Both TNF-α and IL-17, but not IFN-γ, mRNA was detectable within 1 h of hapten challenge of sensitized mice and increased thereafter. Expression of ICAM-1 was observed by 1 h after challenge of sensitized and nonsensitized mice and was dependent on TNF-α. The induction of IL-17, IFN-γ, and CXCL1 in the challenge site was not observed when ICAM-1 was absent or neutralized by specific Ab. During the elicitation of the contact hypersensitivity response, endothelial cells expressed ICAM-1 and produced CXCL1 suggesting this as the site of CD8 T cell localization and activation. Endothelial cells isolated from challenged skin of naive and sensitized mice had acquired the hapten and the ability to activate hapten-primed CD8 T cell cytokine production. These results indicate that hapten application to the skin of sensitized animals initiates an inflammatory response promoting hapten-primed CD8 T cell localization to the challenge site through TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression and CD8 T cell activation to produce IFN-γ and IL-17 through endothelial cell presentation of hapten.
A novel physiological strain rate bioreactor for engineered heart valve mechanobiology

Heart valve leaflets undergo dramatic accelerations during opening and closing, exposing leaflet tissues not only to large flexural and tensile deformations, but also at high deformation rates. Thus, the homeostatic mechanical state of the resident valvular interstitial cells comprises rapid rates of cyclic deformation in the context of time varying extracellular matrix apparent stiffnesses. To date, the effects of such factors on the phenotype of valvular interstitial cells and other clinically-relevant cell sources have yet to be fully elucidated. In particular, previous cyclic flexure and tension bioreactors were capable of producing physiological loading frequencies (e.g., 1 Hz), however the maximum rates of displacement were limited by the screw driven mechanism of linear actuation. Here we describe for the first time a novel bioreactor capable of applying cyclic flexural and tensile deformations to engineered heart valve tissues at physiological strain rates (i.e., exceeding ∼1000%/s). The bioreactor is expected to contribute to developing conditioning regimens for engineered heart valve tissues.
Methods and results of mechanical myocardial support.

In recent years the development of modern direct techniques for revascularization surgery has resulted in a multitude of critically ill patients undergoing open heart surgery. To deal with the increasing numbers of patients who both require urgent open heart surgery and present with many complicated patterns of disease, a spectrum of cardiac assist measures, ranging from simple pharmacological interventions to mechanical cardiac assist techniques, has been developed. Those temporary mechanical cardiac assist devices which employ the principle of counterpulsation and balloon pumping have met with the most consistent clinical success. We now report our experience and progress in this field since early 1972.
Physical Activity: A Strong Stimulant for Hormesis During Aging

In the animal world physical exercise is an intimate part of life cycle to pursue food, escape predators, and ensure reproduction. Aged individuals with reduced fitness and mobility are subjected to natural selection. In rodents, volunteer wheel runners show an increase in both maximal life span and 50% survival rate compared to their sedentary counterparts, indicating physical activity can change aging process (Holloszy 1993). In human population, morbidity is concentrated in the last 2 decades of life, beginning on the average at age 55 and increasing in frequency until the average age of death at 75. The benefit of exercise is highlighted by the increase of approximately 2 years in longevity in physically active people as compared to less active people (Paffenbarger et al. 1993). Disability levels in a vigorously exercising population are below that of non-exercisers and age-related increases in disability are delayed by approximately 15 years (Fries 1996). These data indicate that engaging in regular physical activity would increase the age of onset of chronic illness and shorten the time between the onset of morbidity and death. Furthermore, this compression of the period of morbidity as a result of physical exercise would represent a significant improvement in the quality of life and result in major reductions in the health care for the elderly. Despite these clear benefits of participating in physical exercise, there is a concern that aged individuals are more susceptible to some of the harmful effects of rigorous exercise as a result of increased exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Davies et al. 1982). The free radical theory of aging (Harman 1956) has allowed for the establishment of a powerful link between exercise and aging research. A fundamental premise for this theory is that ROS generated in normal metabolic processes are the underlying reason for cell and tissue oxidative damage seen throughout the aging process. Since exercise increases metabolic rate reflected by 1
Attorney Labor Unions

Attorneys may be interested in joining a labor union for the same reasons as other employees. Although there is relatively little precedent or history in the area of attorney unions, the federal National Labor Relations Board has asserted jurisdiction over law firms since 1977, provided a firm has $250,000 in gross revenue. The general process of establishing a union would be the same as it is for employees in other fields. There are instances where such unionization has occurred without contest. Many reported cases involving law firms actually concern support staff, although there are those that also involve attorneys. What if there is a contest? As a general proposition, attorneys enjoy the same legal rights as other employees in deciding whether or not they want to be represented by a union. The employer's or law firm's desires are irrelevant. However, attorney-employers are likely to raise certain points in opposition to attorney unionism. They may argue that staff attorneys are not eligible to unionize because they are either confidential employees, or supervisors, or managerial employees. They might also claim that attorneys should not organize because the ethics of the legal profession will impede the collective bargaining process. Each of these is discussed in turn.
Mechanical properties of pulsed laser-deposited hydroxyapatite thin films for applications in biomedical implants

We have obtained nanostructured hydroxyapatite thin films on titanium alloy substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Deposition was carried out using a KrF excimer laser (248 nm) with the energy density of 4 – 7 J/cm 2 at substrate temperatures in the 550°C - 650°C range. The crystallinity of the coatings was probed by X-ray diffraction. Phase transitions from hydroxyapatite to other calcium phosphate compounds were observed with varying the substrate temperature during the growth process. Scanning electron microscopy revealed thin films made up of partially sintered nanoscale grains. The average size of nanoscale grains increased significantly with film thickness, suggesting a growth mechanism involving the coalescence of nanoscale grains. As the laser energy density increases, the hydroxyapatite crystallites in the coatings are oriented preferentially along the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate. Mechanical properties of the highly c-axis oriented coatings such as hardness and Young's modulus were studied by using nanoindentation technique.
Effectiveness of Urea and of Synthetic Detergents in Reducing Activity of Human Dental Caries.

SummarySolutions of urea and of synthetic detergents have been employed as dentifrices for approximately 2 years in a small group of patients suffering from severe dental caries. The use of these compounds, especially the urea, resulted in a marked decrease in the incidence of new lesions, and the urea solution also retarded the progress of caries in lesions already present.
A Woman's Laws and a Man’s: Eros and Thumos in Rousseau's Julie , or The New Heloise (1761) and The Deer Hunter (1978)

Rousseau’s New Heloise, the most popular novel of the eighteenth century, transformed the author from a celebrated philosopher into the object of a cult. It also transformed the history of literature through its influence on giants like Goethe, Flaubert, Stendhal, and Tolstoy. Today, however, the New Heloise is seldom read and even less often enjoyed. This paper aims to recover Rousseau’s novel for our time.
Curative effect of magnesium sulfate combined with ventolin liquid on treating pertussis-like syndrome

Objective To investigate the clinical curative effect of magnesium sulfate combined with ventolin liquid on treating pertussis-like syndrome. Methods 92 patients diagnosed as having pertussis-like syndrome were randomly divided into treatment group 31cases (treatment with magnesium sulfate and albuterol),saline control group 32cases(treatment with magnesium sulfate and physiological saline),blank control group 29 cases(treatment with basic treatment),the basic treatment of three groups were same.Compared the cough dyspnea and disadvantages and disappear time of pulmonary rattle sound respectively of eash group. Results The symptoms and signs ease time of treatment group were significantly less than the saline control group and blank control group(P0.05). Conclusion The curative effect is distinctly that treating children pertussis-like syndrome with magnesium sulfate and albuterol.
Effects of P266T mutation on the characteristics of ATP-sensitive potassium channel

AIM:The activity of ATP-sensitive potassium ion channel(K_ ATP)is related to the myocardial function and its electrophysiology.In this study,we investigated the effect of the modulation of ATP-sensitive potassium channel on the electrophysiology of ATP-sensitive potassium channel.METHODS:cDNA of Kir6.2 and its mutation type P266T were transfected into the embryonic kidney cells to express K_ ATP.The electrophysiology of K_ ATP was investigated by using the whole-cell patch-clamp method.RESULTS:The open-state probability of P266T was twice as high as the wild-type channel,while its channel density was only 20% of the wild-type.P266T mutation significantly reduced the ATP sensitivity and the pH sensitivity.CONCLUSION:Mutation of P266T changes the electrophysiological characteristics of K_ ATP.
Ultrasonography in the preoperative difficult airway assessment

To evaluate the utility of ultrasound for detection of the difficult intubation in a preoperative setting. PubMed, Ovid, CINAHL Plus Full Text, and Google Scholar searches using [“difficult airway” OR “difficult intubation” OR “difficult laryngoscopy” OR “difficult ventilation”] AND [ultrasonography OR sonography OR ultrasound] without date limitations. Abstracts without publications, case reports, letters, textbooks, unrelated topics, or foreign language articles were excluded. Ancestry references were included from the reviewed articles. Two reviewers independently performed the query. Each study was reviewed using the STARD checklist to assess blinding, incomplete data reporting, subject attrition, and selection of appropriate statistical tests. Ten studies were included. All used convenience sampling of adult subjects requiring direct laryngoscopy in elective surgical settings. One study is retrospective and nine are prospective observational. Populations included non-obese, obese, pregnant, and thyroidectomy patients in the United States, Turkey, Israel, Canada, Portugal, and China. Airway locations scanned are variable using different protocols and patient positioning. The outcome variable is uniformly the Cormack–Lehane Grade. 114 of the 681 total subjects had difficult laryngoscopies. Significance for sonographic prediction of difficult laryngoscopy occurred at three locations: hyomental distance [52.6 ± 5.8 mm (p < 0.01)], anterior tissue at the hyoid bone [16.9 mm (95 % CI 11.9–21.9) and 15.9 ± 2.7 mm (p < 0.0001)], and the thyrohyoid membrane [34.7 mm (95 % CI 28.8–40.7) and 23.9 ± 3.4 mm (p < 0.0001) and 28.25 ± 4.43 mm (p < 0.001)]. The vocal cords and sternal notch levels have conflicting significance. Limitations include the heterogeneous populations and lack of standard scanning protocols.
Thin-layer electrophoresis of serum lipoproteins

A method is described for semiquantitative study of serum lipoproteins, with particular reference to the very low density fractions involved in transport of triglycerides. Serum samples were subjected to electrophoresis in thin layers of starch granules; lipids were extracted from starch segments and subjected to thin-layer chromatography; lipid fractions were recovered from the adsorbent and quantified colorimetrically. The procedure is applicable to the study of alimentary and endogenous hyperlipidemias in man, and to radioactive tracer experiments. Over-all recoveries of lipids were variable and averaged 81% for cholesterol and 76% for triglycerides.
Microsurgical penile revascularization using the central corporeal penile artery.

AbstractWe treated 9 patients with vasculogenic impotence by penile revascularization using a microsurgical anastomosis between the inferior epigastric artery and the central corporeal penile artery. Diagnostic evaluation included penile brachial indexes and pelvic arteriograms, which were abnormal in all 9 patients. Revascularization was technically possible in 7 of 9 patients; 2 had inadequate central arteries. The penile brachial index initially was improved in all 7 patients, although 1 had an early occlusion at 2 months and 1 had a late occlusion at 4 years. Potency was improved initially in 6 of the 9 patients, with longer term improvement in 5 of 9 followed 1 to 8 years. Two patients remain potent currently. The advantages of this technique are a reasonably high technical success rate in selected patients, with improved initial potency in more than half. The disadvantages include technical difficulty, lack of clear-cut selection criteria and unknown long-term results.
Comparable Outcomes After Sibling and Matched Unrelated Donor Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantations (HCT) In Adult Acute Lymphoblatic Leukemia (ALL) With First Complete Remission (CR)

A landmark study from Medical Research Council/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group showed improved survival (∼53%) for patients allocated to sibling HCT versus either consolidation/maintenance chemotherapy or autologous HCT. Matched unrelated donors (MUD) are an option for patients without a SIB available and we retrospectively analyzed disease outcomes after SIB and MUD in adult ALL patients. Between 2001and 2012, 204 adult ALL patients with a median age of 36 years (range, 18-64) were transplanted with a SIB (n=112) or 8/8 MUD (n=92). Disease status at HCT was first or second complete remission and beyond (CR1, n=113, 55.5% and CR2+, n=91, 44.5%). Conditioning was myeloablative in 177 (86.8%) and reduced intensity (RIC) in 27 patients (13.2%). All but 2 patients received graft versus host disease (GVHD) immunosuppression with tacrolimus and methotrexate. Patient and disease characteristics including age, sex, histological subtypes and high risk disease features (WBC and cytogenetic classification at diagnosis), disease status at HCT and conditioning intensity were similar between SIB and MUD recipients. As expected, MUD patients had bone marrow (BM) as the stem cell source more commonly than SIB (69.6% vs. 7.1, p<0.001). The median follow-up of 96 survivors was 36 months. The univariate point estimates at the stated timepoints and multivariate outcomes are summarized in the [Table1][1] and [2][2]. View this table: Table1 The summary outcomes View this table: Table 2 Multivariate results for OS* ![Figure 1][3] Figure 1 Overall survival by disease status and donor type In summary, hematopoietic transplantation using a MUD was associated with slower platelet recovery which could be due to more common use of BM as the stem cell source. Acute GVHD incidence was also higher with MUD transplants but OS was comparable between donor types, even when patients were transplanted in CR1. Thus, in the absence of a SIB donor, a matched unrelated donor is an acceptable donor source for HCT with comparable overall survival. Disclosures: Qazilbash: Celgene: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees Other; Millenium: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees Other. [1]: #T1 [2]: #T2 [3]: pending:yes
Using Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves To Optimize Discovery-Based Software with Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.

We report a quantitative approach to optimize implementation of discovery-based software for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC–TOFMS). The software performs a tile-based Fisher ratio (F-ratio) analysis and facilitates a supervised nontargeted analysis based upon the experimental design to aid in the discovery of analytes with statistically different variances between sample classes. The quantitative approach for software optimization uses receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the curve (AUC) for each ROC curve serves as a quantitative metric to optimize two key algorithm parameters: the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) threshold of the data prior to calculating F-ratios at each m/z mass channel and the number of these F-ratios per m/z used to calculate the average F-ratio of a tile. A total of 25 combinations of S/N threshold by number of m/z were studied. Fifty analytes were spiked into a diesel fuel at two concentr...
Ein POSIX kompatibles Echtzeit-Betriebssystem

Wahrend sich im technisch-wissenschaftlichen und auch im kommerziellen Umfeld in den letzten Jahren ein starker Trend in Richtung Standardisierung von Betriebssystemen durchsetzt, ist dieses im Bereich von Echtzeitanwendungen heute noch nicht in dem Mase zu beobachten. Aber auch hier werden neuerdings Tendenzen hin zu einer Vereinheitlichung von Betriebssystem-Oberflachen und System-Calls deutlich. Da aber heute noch keine verabschiedeten offenen Standards wie etwa POSIX.4 und 4a existieren (es gibt sie zur Zeit nur in einer Draft-Version), wird es sicherlich noch einige Zeit dauern, bis sich in dem Dschungel der heute existierenden Echtzeit-Betriebssysteme ein vereinheitlichtes Interface durchsetzt.
Conscious awareness and time perception.

This paper examines Zhou, Poppel, and Bao's 2014 proposal ("In the Jungle of Time: The Concept of Identity as a Way Out," https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00844) to unify the psychology of time through a biological principle concerning identity and homeostasis. Although the present analysis largely agrees with their proposal, it argues that a Dual Model of time (see Montemayor's 2013 monograph, Minding Time: A Philosophical and Theoretical Approach to the Psychology of Time) is needed to account for two important roles in time cognition, one related to navigation and the other to conscious awareness. In a Dual Model, the homeostatic principle plays a critical role with respect to conscious awareness, but a different principle is needed for integrating the metric constraints on navigation.
Specialized Mechanosensory Nociceptors Mediating Rapid Responses to Hair Pull

The somatosensory system provides animals with the ability to detect, distinguish, and respond to diverse thermal, mechanical, and irritating stimuli. While there has been progress in defining classes of neurons underlying temperature sensation and gentle touch, less is known about the neurons specific for mechanical pain. Here, we use in vivo functional imaging to identify a class of cutaneous sensory neurons that are selectively activated by high-threshold mechanical stimulation (HTMRs). We show that their optogenetic excitation evokes rapid protective and avoidance behaviors. Unlike other nociceptors, these HTMRs are fast-conducting Aδ-fibers with highly specialized circumferential endings wrapping the base of individual hair follicles. Notably, we find that Aδ-HTMRs innervate unique but overlapping fields and can be activated by stimuli as precise as the pulling of a single hair. Together, the distinctive features of this class of Aδ-HTMRs appear optimized for accurate and rapid localization of mechanical pain. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
The Center for Advanced Purchasing Studies

The Center for Advanced Purchasing Studies (CAPS) is an international research center that serves the interests of academia, industry, and the purchasing/supply profession. Established in 1986 as the result of an affiliation agreement between the National Association of Purchasing Management (NAPM) and Arizona State University’s (ASU) College of Business, CAPS’ mission is to “contribute competitive advantage to organizations by providing leading-edge research to support the evolution of strategic purchasing/supply management.”
The Urgent Need to Overcome a Generation Gap in Public Data Management Practices for Digitalized India

It is a non-brainer in today’s knowledge-driven economy that data is king [1]. In this context, India has been collecting data for decades in areas as diverse as agriculture, weather, energy, rivers, health, and space. However, the data management practices are at least a generation behind where they need to be to match the global state-of-the-art and deliver much needed economic results.
The State of Assessing Data Stewardship Maturity – An Overview

Data stewardship encompasses all activities that preserve and improve the information content, accessibility, and usability of data and metadata. Recent regulations, mandates, policies, and guidelines set forth by the U.S. government, federal other, and funding agencies, scientific societies and scholarly publishers, have levied stewardship requirements on digital scientific data. This elevated level of requirements has increased the need for a formal approach to stewardship activities that supports compliance verification and reporting. Meeting or verifying compliance with stewardship requirements requires assessing the current state, identifying gaps, and, if necessary, defining a roadmap for improvement. This, however, touches on standards and best practices in multiple knowledge domains. Therefore, data stewardship practitioners, especially these at data repositories or data service centers or associated with data stewardship programs, can benefit from knowledge of existing maturity assessment models. This article provides an overview of the current state of assessing stewardship maturity for federally funded digital scientific data. A brief description of existing maturity assessment models and related application(s) is provided. This helps stewardship practitioners to readily obtain basic information about these models. It allows them to evaluate each model’s suitability for their unique verification and improvement needs.
An overview of the cognitive implications of the Oldowan Industrial Complex

This paper focuses on the empirical evidence for the cognitive abilities of early hominins of the Oldowan Industrial Complex (c. ≥2.6 to 1.4 Mya) on the African continent. It profiles various resea...
Urban 3D challenge: building footprint detection using orthorectified imagery and digital surface models from commercial satellites

One challenging problem in many remote sensing applications is identifying building footprints in 2D and/or 3D imagery. Existing solutions to this problem use a variety of sensing modalities as input. Recent public challenges have yielded high quality building footprint detection algorithms using high-resolution 2D and 3D imaging modalities as input. However, performance of many of these algorithms is typically degraded as the fidelity and post spacing of the input imagery is reduced. Other challenges use lower resolution 2D satellite imagery alone. The United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) sponsored a public prize challenge aimed at identifying building footprints using 2D RGB orthorectified imagery and coincident 3D Digital Surface Models (DSMs) created from commercial satellite imagery. The top 6 winning solutions have been made publicly available as open source software. This paper summarizes the public challenge and provides results and data analysis. In addition, we provide lessons learned and hope to encourage additional research by publicly releasing the benchmark dataset to the community.
Fatty Acid Synthetases of Eukaryotic Cells

The synthesis of long-chain fatty acids, such as palmitic, occurs in the living cell by head-to-tail condensation of C2 units as acetyl-CoA. The condensation occurs in two steps. First, acetyl-CoA is converted to malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a multienzyme system containing biotin [Eq. (1); for a recent review see Wakil et al., 1983]. The second step (Eq. 2) is the conversion of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to palmitate, catalyzed by fatty acid synthetases (FAS) in the presence of NADPH.
Association Between Type of Health Insurance and Children's Oral Health, NHANES 2011–2014

OBJECTIVES To examine the association between type of health insurance (public, uninsured, private, or other) and oral health outcomes for children in the United States using nationally representative surveillance data. METHODS Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011/12-2013/14), logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of any dental caries and any untreated caries by type of health insurance (public, uninsured, private, and other) for children aged 2-19 years, with adjustment for relevant individual and socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS Among 6,057 children, the odds of having any dental caries or untreated caries was not significantly different for publicly insured and uninsured children compared to privately insured children, when adjusting for family income and education. Children in families with income to poverty ratios <200 percent had greater odds of caries and untreated caries relative to children in families with income to poverty ratios ≥400 percent. Children with less educated parents also experienced greater odds of caries and untreated caries. CONCLUSIONS Oral health outcomes, after adjusting for covariates, were similar for children with public and private health insurance. However, children in low-income families and with less educated parents had greater odds of untreated caries and dental caries, suggesting that initiatives focused on publicly insured populations may miss other vulnerable children of low socioeconomic status.
Targeted MCL-1 inhibition to induce cell death and synergize with conventional chemotherapeutic agents in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) pre-clinical models.

e14540Background: Bcl-2 inhibition has been explored therapeutically in B-cell malignancies. Venetoclax’s activity, a novel Bcl-2 inhibitor, is limited in Mcl-1 over-expressing DLBCL. The MCL-1, an...
Perceived dimensions of healthcare quality in published research

The healthcare industry is one of the most important industries in the service field. Due to the complex nature and the number of stakeholders in healthcare systems, healthcare quality is a complex...
REINFORCEMENT OF RUBBER USING REACTIVE OLIGO(β-ALANINE) SUPRAMOLECULAR FILLERS

ABSTRACT Oligo(β-alanine)–based supramolecular fillers that possess an 11-mercaptoundecanoyl oleophilic moiety and an oligo(β-alanine) oleophobic moiety of varied lengths (SA1, SA2, and SA3, having...
PHENIX Measurements of collectivity in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200GeV from higher order cumulants and flow unfolding

Abstract Detailed measurements of collectivity in Au+Au collisions at RHIC provide a key connection between the initial geometry of the deposited energy and the hydrodynamic evolution of the medium created in heavy-ion collisions. Utilizing the highly segmented PHENIX inner trackers, we present new measurements of flow coefficients extending over a wide range in pseudorapidity 1
Perspective—Mesoscale Physics in the Catalyst Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Proton-exchange membranes fuel-cells (PEMFC) electrochemical performance insights are predicated on a detailed understanding of species transport in the cathode catalyst layer (CCL). Traditionally, CCL microstructure considerations were approached through approximations with unresolved pore-scale features. Such simplifications cause the loss of predictability for improving the economic feasibility via lower Pt-loading or non-noble metal catalysts. With advances in visualization, microstructure resolved mesoscale models become possible. A judicious combination of lattice Boltzmann (LBM) and finite volume (FVM) is an appropriate strategy for direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the physicochemical fields that remain unresolved due to spatiotemporal limitations.
An internet-wide view of internet-wide scanning

While it is widely known that port scanning is widespread, neither the scanning landscape nor the defensive reactions of network operators have been measured at Internet scale. In this work, we analyze data from a large network telescope to study scanning activity from the past year, uncovering large horizontal scan operations and identifying broad patterns in scanning behavior. We present an analysis of who is scanning, what services are being targeted, and the impact of new scanners on the overall landscape. We also analyze the scanning behavior triggered by recent vulnerabilities in Linksys routers, OpenSSL, and NTP. We empirically analyze the defensive behaviors that organizations employ against scanning, shedding light on who detects scanning behavior, which networks blacklist scanning, and how scan recipients respond to scans conducted by researchers. We conclude with recommendations for institutions performing scans and with implications of recent changes in scanning behavior for researchers and network operators.
Productivity analysis of multi-fractured shale oil wells accounting for the low-velocity non-Darcy effect

Abstract Well productivity of the Tuscaloosa Marine Shale (TMS) trend located in Louisiana and Mississippi presents a significant challenge. Well productivity declines rapidly for some reasons not known to the operators. By taking advantage of the concept of apparent matrix permeability, a semi-analytical model was developed in this investigation considering the low-velocity non-Darcy effect. An iterative procedure is proposed to calculate the oil production rate of multi-fractured horizontal shale oil wells. Field case studies of the Eagle Ford Shale (EFS) and TMS wells indicated that the productivity model considering low-velocity non-Darcy is consistent with field data, with a relative error of less than 10%. The low-velocity non-Darcy phenomenon may harm the TMS oil production rate as high as 29.7%. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that low permeability reservoirs are more likely to be affected by non-Darcy behavior. The apparent matrix permeability declines severer in low permeability than in high permeability reservoirs, thus reducing well productivity more significantly in the low-permeability TMS trend. The oil production rate of Darcy flow increases with increasing fracture conductivity. However, this benefit was hindered by non-Darcy effect. A larger fracture half-length favors oil production, although it reduces the non-Darcy effect slightly. Besides, reducing the cluster spacing can mitigate the adverse impact of low-velocity non-Darcy, thus enhancing the shale oil production rate. Therefore, there is a vast potential for enhancing oil productivity in the TMS trend by reducing perforation cluster spacing.
Neighborhood Violent Crime and Academic Performance: A Geospatial Analysis

Decades of empirical work have confirmed that experiences with violence are associated with a variety of adverse behavioral and mental health as well as academic outcomes for children and adolescents. Yet this research largely has relied on indirect measures of exposure. In this study, we apply geospatial analysis to examine the relation between neighborhood violent crime (via police reports) and academic performance (via school-level standardized test proficiency rates). Findings suggest that greater numbers of crimes proximal to school buildings relate to lower levels of academic performance. These results persisted even when controlling economic disadvantage in the student body. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
Promising preliminary evidence for prophylaxis and remediation of anomia in primary progressive aphasia despite methodological limitations1

Q 1. Are phonological and/or orthographic treatments effective in prophylaxis of naming for semantic and logopenic variants of primary progressive aphasia?, 2. Are phonological and/or orthographic ...
Mechanical Tuning of Magnetic Anisotropy

This paper demonstrates piezo-mechanical manipulation of magnetic anisotropy in a thin-film CoFeB ferromagnet (FM) via magnetostriction effect. A 20 nm thick CoFeB resistor is fabricated at the base of an AlN cantilever and its magnetization change is detected by measuring anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR). The uniaxial strain induced in the CoFeB strip by cantilever bending exhibits a 22% change in AMR and rotates the magnetic anisotropy by 20°.
Not one more! feminicidio on the border, by nina maria lozano, columbus, the Ohio state university press, 2019, pp. 188, $29.95 (paperback) ISBN: 978-0-8142-5518-6

Nina Maria Lozano’s Not One More! Feminicidio on the Border is a timely engagement with life and death at the Ciudad Juarez-El Paso border. It is a captivating collection of stories, vignettes, and...
Environmental and Social Disclosure and Firm-Level Innovation

Complaints from institutional investors suggest that insufficient disclosure of non-financial environmental and social (E&S) policies leads to information frictions. Using the staggered introduction of 79 country-level regulations that mandate disclosure, I document that disclosing financially immaterial E&S information has material effects on firms’ investment and financing decisions. Firms domiciled in countries that mandate E&S transparency increase R&D expenditures and patenting activity after changes to disclosure. However, fixed capital investment, which is less sensitive to information frictions, does not change. This reduction in information frictions alleviates capital rationing, especially from institutional investors, resulting in increased reliance on external equity and more innovation for equity-dependent firms. It also improves shareholders’ monitoring abilities, incentivizing managers to invest in innovation. These findings coincide with investors’ complaints and suggest that the sole reliance on financial materiality disclosure standards leads to E&S-related information frictions in capital markets.
OFDM System Performance, Variability and Optimality With Design Imperfections and Channel Impediments

An important indicator commonly used to evaluate the quality of a communication link is signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). However, studies in the literature dealing with SIR for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are relatively few. This paper analytically investigates OFDM system performance by including major channel impairments such as excess delay spread, synchronization error, sample timing error, frequency offset, and time-varying fading. We derive a closed-form expression for SIR, accounting for both variations of inter-carrier interference (ICI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) with the number of subcarriers, and the susceptibility to channel impairments. A condition relating peak ISI to peak ICI is derived. An expression quantifying the impact of synchronization error in ISI is obtained. SIR behavior with respect to the tradeoff among numbers of subcarriers and other system parameters are investigated. A numerical method, as well as a polynomial equation for an analytical solution, is formulated to find the optimal number of subcarriers for a given set of constraints. We demonstrate the variations of SIR with various parameters and analyze the leakage of power (unwanted power distribution across subcarriers).
Perfect Together: Legal Writing and Civil Procedure

Teaching Legal Writing and Civil Procedure to the same students provided me with unique opportunities to integrate skills training into both courses and highlight the connection between these two practice-based courses.
The termite genus Glyptotermes (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae) from Paraguay.

A 2012 termite expedition yielded the first species of Glyptotermes known from Paraguay, G.hickmanisp. nov. and G.canellae (Muller, 1873), the latter previously known from Argentina and Brazil. Both are described based on the soldier and imago castes.
Economics and Greed

Greed is a classic topic in human development (Balot, 2001; Robertson, 2001) and it inevitably affects many of our choices and decisions. Although greed is typically viewed as uniformly negative and reprehensible, we propose that people's attitudes and opinions about greed are actually subject to change. In particular, studying economics may help legitimize and even beautify greed. Previous research shows that economics education might make people more self-interested because self-interest maximization is central to most economic models (Marwell & Ames, 1981; Frank, et al, 1993). Because greed and maximizing self-interest are sometimes difficult to separate, conceptually or empirically, we propose that studying economics may make people view greed as potentially positive and beneficial. Two complementary studies support our proposition. Study 1 shows that students who are pursuing economics view greed more positively than students who are pursuing other majors and taking other courses. Study 2 indicates that positively priming greed can significantly increase people's positive attitudes and opinions about greed.
Functional game programming in Java-based CS1

Many CS1 curricula these days use graphics and video games as motivation (e.g. those associated with Scratch/BYOB/Snap, Processing, Alice, and Media Computation in either Java or Python). A challenge faced by any such curriculum is how to simultaneously teach good principles of problem-solving and software development such as test-driven design, model/view separation, and writing functions that are short, coherent, and reusable. Interactive graphics, in particular, has been notoriously difficult to test, so most graphics-based curricula simply don't talk about automated testing. Functional programming addresses many of these problems. Treating graphics as data objects, rather than as snapshots of what's on the screen at a particular moment, makes them as testable as integers or strings. Test cases for a functional program are much better-behaved and easier to write than test cases for an imperative program, so even beginning students can and do use them as a valuable tool in the problem analysis phase, before writing code. Our functional API enforces model/view separation (at the beginning) and treats event handlers as ordinary functions, as easily testable as a payroll computation. And functional programmers have traditionally developed the habit of writing short, coherent, reusable functions -- a habit that serves them well even when writing imperatively. One of the authors has taught this material for years using a dialect of the Scheme language. However, many schools are unable or unwilling to use a language that doesn't look like C, so in 2012-2013 we ported our support library to Java and experimented with teaching the same material in a Java-based CS1 course, with good results.
King Solomon's take on word learning: an integrative account from the radical middle.

Publisher Summary Since the 1990s, there has been emerging consensus that the process of word learning will not be best described through deference to one approach or the other. Rather, it requires a comprehensive theory that unites perceptual, social, and linguistic information in the service of word learning. The emergentist coalition model (ECM) was inspired by three strands of research in the field of language development. First, the competition model proposed by Bates and MacWhinney suggested that children develop language syntax by attending to both grammatical and semantic cues in the input. This groundbreaking work not only enabled researchers to predict how multiple cues might work together to explain language at any given point in time but also sparked cross-linguistic studies and the examination of individual differences in both typical and atypical children over time. Second, the ECM was inspired by new methods that allowed examining language from the perspective of comprehension rather than production. As Hirsh-Pasek and Golinkoff argued, comprehension is a window into children's knowledge of grammar permitting the separate manipulation of children's differential reliance on prosodic, linguistic, and social features of the input. Third, the ECM was influenced by work from Bloom who reinforced the need to look at a whole active child who draws together information from multiple sources as they construct their grammar.