cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Faster parallel traversal of scale free graphs at extreme scale with vertex delegates

At extreme scale, irregularities in the structure of scale-free graphs such as social network graphs limit our ability to analyze these important and growing datasets. A key challenge is the presence of high-degree vertices (hubs), that leads to parallel workload and storage imbalances. The imbalances occur because existing partitioning techniques are not able to effectively partition high-degree vertices. We present techniques to distribute storage, computation, and communication of hubs for extreme scale graphs in distributed memory supercomputers. To balance the hub processing workload, we distribute hub data structures and related computation among a set of delegates. The delegates coordinate using highly optimized, yet portable, asynchronous broadcast and reduction operations. We demonstrate scalability of our new algorithmic technique using Breadth-First Search (BFS), Single Source Shortest Path (SSSP), K-Core Decomposition, and Page-Rank on synthetically generated scale-free graphs. Our results show excellent scalability on large scale-free graphs up to 131K cores of the IBM BG/P, and outperform the best known Graph500 performance on BG/P Intrepid by 15%
Genetically De-Sensitizing Myofilaments to Ca in a Mouse Model for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Decreases Arrhythmia Incidence

Increased myofilament Ca sensitivity, a common finding in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), is associated with an increased susceptibility for arrhythmias. In isolated hearts expressing a Ca sensitizing troponin T (I79N) HCM mutation fast pacing induces reentry-type tachycardia (VT) in 60% of the hearts. We hypothesized that reducing myofilament Ca sensitivity will decrease arrhythmia incidence.Methods: We generated knock-in mice with a TnT-R141W (HET) mutation, which is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy and reduced myofilament Ca sensitivity, and crossed them with I79N mice (CROSS). We determined heart weight-to-body weight ratio (HW/BW), cell diameter and fibrosis content and we monitored arrhythmia incidence in isolated hearts.Results: The HW/BW ratio was 6.6±1.1 in the WT, with 5.6±0.9 lower in the I79N, with 7.6±1.0 higher in the HET and similar to I79N in the CROSS (5.8±1.0). In the CROSS cell diameter was smaller than in the HET and fibrosis content attenuated compared to I79N. Importantly, VT incidence in the CROSS was similar to control (23.5% vs 11.1% in WT).Conclusions: Correcting myofilament Ca sensitivity reduces arrhythmia incidence of I79N mice and attenuates pathological remodeling observed in mice expressing each mutation alone.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Electrochemical performance of Al–Si–graphite composite as anode for lithium–ion batteries

Abstract Al–Si–graphite composite with low 7.9 wt.% Si was synthesized by ball-milling eutectic Al–Si powder and graphite. Its reversible capacity remained above 0.65 Ah/g after 10 cycles, corresponding to 1.6 Ah/cm 3 , almost double that of graphite alone. Ex-situ XRD indicates that in Al–graphite the large volume change during lithium insertion/removal causes the active material to become isolated and not available for electrochemical reactions, while in Al–Si–graphite all the material remains available.
On-Line Mid-IR Spectroscopy as a Real-Time Approach in Monitoring Hydrogenation Reactions

The use of mid-IR spectroscopy as a real-time monitoring tool for hydrogenation reactions is illustrated. This technique was used for both qualitative and quantitative purposes to monitor the hydrogenation of three different functional groups. The results show that this technique can be successfully used as an alternative to traditional off-line methods to monitor the reaction endpoint and the formation of impurities.
Chemokine receptors in HIV-1 and SIV infection.

Seven transmembrane segment (7TMS) receptors for chemokines and related molecules have been demonstrated to be essential, in addition to CD4, for HIV and SIV infection. The β-chemokine receptor CCR5 is the primary, perhaps sole, coreceptor for HIV-1 during the early and chronic phases of infection, and supports infection by most primary HIV-1 and many SIV isolates. Late-stage primary and laboratory-adapted HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV isolates can use other 7TMS receptors. CXCR4 appears especially important in late-stage HIV infection; several related receptors can also be used. The specificity of SIV viruses is similar. Commonalities among these receptors, combined with analyses of mutated molecules, indicate that discrete, conformationally-dependent sites on the chemokine receptors determine their association with the third variable and conserved regions of viral envelope glycoproteins. These studies are useful for elucidating the mechanism and molecular determinants of HIV-1 entry, and of inhibitors to that entry.
Models of Chance when Measuring Interrater Agreement with Kappa

Two measures of reliability for nominal scales are compared: Coefficient Kappa and kn, a modification suggested for agreement matrices with free marginals. It is illustrated that the evaluation of two rater's agreement may come to a contradictory conclusion, depending on whether k or kn is used. On the basis of the underlying chance models it is concluded that k and kn cannot be interpreted in the same manner. Specifically when raters disagree, the two measures can be widely discrepant.
Degree of neuronal activation following FG-7142 changes across regions during development

We report that FG-7142 (20 mg/kg) differentially increased c-fos in the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and striatum of rats 10, 18, 45, and 100 days of age. FG-7142 selectively activated the cortex in adults (70.7+/-3.0%), but the pattern was stronger in nucleus accumbens (83.4+/-9.8%) in younger subjects. These results are consistent with the delayed maturation of the cortex, and show that stress produces more diffuse effects early in life.
Preparation of sodium zirconium phosphates of the type Na1+4xZr2−x (PO4)3

Abstract Sodium zirconium phosphates of the type Na 1+4x Zr 2−x (PO 4 ) 3 were prepared from mixtures of Na 3 PO 4 -ZrO 2 -ZrP 2 O 7 in sealed platinum tubes at temperatures of 900 – 1200°C. Stoichiometric NaZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (x = 0) was found not to exist. Instead, a solid solution in the range x = 0.02 − 0.06 was found, with a slight difference in unit cell dimensions obtained. A second solid solution region was found with x = 0.88 – 0.93. At still higher values of x, a stoichiometric phase with hexagonal unit cell dimensions of a = 9.152(1) A and c = 21.844(1) A was obtained. Finally a phase of composition Na 7 Zr 0.5 (PO 4 ) 3 was synthesized at the highest values of x. Attempts to prepare Na 5+x ZrSi x -P 3−x O 12 always yielded NASICON and Na 7 Zr 0.5 (PO 4 ) 3 .
Quantum State Model of the Verwey Transition in Magnetite

Abstract Previous analyses of the Verwey transition in magnetite have been placed on a firm footing by a consistent analysis of the statistical properties of an array of quantum states associated with ferrous or ferric ions in octahedrally coordinated interstices of the spinel lattice. This collection is represented by an assembly of bonds and sites. Individual sites can be in one of three configurations: empty, as in the Fe 3+ state, trapped, or polaronic if in the Fe 2+ state. On neglect of high-energy states involving electron occupation of neighboring lattice sites, one arrives at an analytic equation of state for the order parameter in its dependence on temperature, which can be solved numerically. This equation is sufficiently flexible to handle both the first- and second-order transitions by appropriate changes in parameters. The present theory rationalizes the experimentally observed changes in the order of the Verwey transition that result from alterations in the sample stoichiometry.
Behavioral management of night eating disorders

Night eating syndrome (NES) is a form of disordered eating associated with evening hyperphagia (overeating at night) and nocturnal ingestions (waking at night to eat). As with other forms of disordered eating, cognitive and behavioral treatment modalities may be effective in reducing NES symptoms. This review presents evidence for a variety of behavioral treatment approaches, including behavioral therapy, phototherapy, behavioral weight loss treatment, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. A more detailed overview of cognitive-behavioral therapy for NES is provided. All of these studies have been case studies or included small samples, and all but one have been uncontrolled, but the outcomes of many of these approaches are promising. Larger randomized controlled trials are warranted to advance NES treatment literature. With the inclusion of NES in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a "Feeding or Eating Disorder Not Elsewhere Classified," more sophisticated, empirically-supported, behaviorally-based treatment approaches are much needed.
SOC and the Bean critical state

The concept of the self-organized criticality (SOC) is briefly reviewed. The idea is applied to the Bean critical state in type II superconductors. The relaxation from the Bean critical state is studied. An equation of motion for the vortex lines is proposed, taking into account both the thermal activation and avalanche. A scaling solution is found.
Synergies in geophysical, medical, and space imaging: Overview and introductory session

The workshop's first session reviewed seismic, medical, and space imaging technology with two presentations from each field—one to introduce basic concepts and demystify the jargon, and one to describe the state of the art. Bob Stolt's introductory seismic overview presented the basic concepts of 2- and 3D, pre- and poststack, time and depth migration, and gave simplified tutorials on different integral- and difference-equation migration techniques. “Seismic depth imaging of complex geological structures” by Larry Lines emphasized the complexity of the earth as a propagating medium, and the need for sophisticated processing to produce accurate structural images. Complex geologic structures (which often involve steeply dipping beds, folded structures, and anisotropic velocities) usually invalidate many conventional processing methods. However, according to Lines, Kirchhoff, f-x , and reverse-time prestack depth imaging perform adequately (at a minimum) when a reasonable velocity model and data with coherent signals are available. Figure 1 shows the final interpretation for a prestack depth migration of a triangle zone feature in the Alberta Foothills. A complete description of the data and imaging can be found in “Seismic imaging and velocity analysis for an Alberta Foothills seismic survey” by Yan and Lines (Geophysics, 2001). Figure 1. The final interpretation for a prestack depth migration of a triangle zone …
Electrochemically controlled binding of ethidium to calf thymus DNA at a carbon-paste/ethidium tetracyanoquinodimethane electrode

Abstract Ethidium tetracyanoquinodimethane, Et-TCNQ, carbon paste composite electrodes have been fabricated and studied in contact with aqueous solution. Low current efficiencies for the potential-dependent release of ethidium cations from the electrode surface were observed. In the presence of calf thymus DNA in solution, potential-dependent intercalation of ethidium from the electrode surface was demonstrated by detection of the fluorescence of the intercalated ion. The maximum fluorescence intensity was linear with DNA concentration over the range from 3 to 150 ppm calf thymus DNA.
Testing for the Equality of Two Autoregressive Functions Using Quasi-Residuals

This article discusses the problem of testing the equality of two nonparametric autoregressive functions against one-sided alternatives. The heteroscedastic errors and stationary densities of the two independent strong mixing strictly stationary time series can be possibly different. The article adapts the idea of using sum of quasi-residuals to construct the test and derives its asymptotic null distributions. The article also shows that the test is consistent for general alternatives and obtains its limiting distributions under a sequence of local alternatives. Then a Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to study the finite sample level and power behavior of these tests at some alternatives. We also compare the test to an existing lag matched test theoretically and by Monte Carlo experiments.
The Scope and Robustness of Modern Republicanism: A Reply to Langlois:

Anthony Langlois has recently charged that a central claim of my book Republicanism in the Modern World about modern republicanism's distinctiveness when compared to the liberalisms of John Rawls and Will Kymlicka cannot be extended to all varieties of liberalism. In particular, he suggests that modern republicanism may be best thought of as a form of perfectionist liberalism. I disagree with this characterisation for two main reasons. The first concerns the difference between the scope and robustness of republican and liberal conceptions of liberty. The second focuses on the difference in the intensity and the object of the virtues and values that accompany republican liberty as non-domination.
Dependence of rare-gas-adsorbate dipole moment on substrate work function

We report work-function changes caused by Ar, Kr, and Xe adsorbed at various coverages on the simple metals Cs, K, Na, Li, Mg, and Al. These and other data from the literature exhibit considerable scatter, but the trend is generally consistent with the "switching" theory proposed by Flynn and Chen.
Retroperitoneal Castleman's disease: advocating a multidisciplinary approach for a rare clinical entity

Castleman’s disease is a rare and poorly understood disease entity that may resemble more common conditions and represents a clinical challenge to the treating surgeon. In this report, we describe a case of a 61-year-old Caucasian woman with a symptomatic retroperitoneal mass. The specimen obtained from her resection contained a protuberant encapsulated mass, exhibiting microscopic features consistent with localized, unicentric Castleman’s disease. These characteristics included architectural features and immunohistochemical findings consistent with the hyaline vascular variant of Castleman’s disease. We report a very rare case of a retroperitoneal hyaline vascular type of Castleman’s disease. We discuss the diagnostic dilemma Castleman’s disease may present to the surgeon, with an emphasis on multidisciplinary management of these patients. We also review current data on pathogenesis, treatment and outcomes.
A Preisach model for accommodation

A statistical interpretation of the Preisach model led to the moving model that relaxed the congruency property and to the complete moving hysteresis model (CMH) which included a state-dependent locally-reversible magnetization. Since, like all Preisach models, these models possess the deletion property, minor hysteresis loops calculated by them are immediately stable. In real media successive traversals of minor loops are not superimposed. Accommodation describes this approach to equilibrium of static minor hysteresis loops, which may require many cycles for some materials. This paper presents a further statistical modification to the Preisach model to include accommodation, and it discusses the properties of such a model and the identification of its parameters. >
Infectious Disease Diagnosis From a Peripheral Blood Smear

This is a case of a 29-year-old man who sought care because of dehydration, fever, weight loss, and diarrhea. A technologist observed yeast-like organisms in the patient’s granulocytes, monocytes, and plasma upon examination of the peripheral blood smear. The microorganisms were later identified as Histoplasma capsulatum. Other laboratory findings characteristic of disseminated histoplasmosis included leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, monocytopenia, and marked elevation of lactate dehydrogenase activity and serum ferritin concentration. The patient was also positive for HIV. The rapid identification of H capsulatum on the peripheral blood smear aided in the prompt initiation of therapy and reduced hospital length of stay.
Neutral shells and their applications in the design of electromagnetic shields

We present a simple design of electromagnetic shields for both field expelling and field confinement. Motivated by the concept of neutral inclusions in the theory of composites, we introduce two concepts of neutral shells, and use neutral shells to construct our designs of electromagnetic shields. We also discuss the relationships between electromagnetic shields and cloaking structures and argue that the designed shields are capable of ‘cloaking’ for plane waves in the long-wavelength limit.
Integrated Optical Combinatorial Logic Using Electro-Optic Bragg Gratings

Three classes of integrated optical devices suitable for implementing general combinatorial logic are discussed. The categories considered are electric-electric-optic (EEO), electric-optic-optic (E00), and optic-optic-optic (000). Existing gate geometries based on electro-optic Bragg gratings are modified to permit the realization of the NOT, NAND, OR, NOR, and inhibition functions. A full-adder based entirely on electro-optic Bragg gratings is developed, and the device is compared to current VLSI technology in terms of size and speed. The use of programmable logic arrays (PLA's)for implementing general combinatorial logic is discussed. The paper concludes with a proposal for using electro-optic Bragg gratings to construct an integrated optical PLA.
Impact of bone marrow radiation dose on acute hematologic toxicity in cervical cancer: Principal component analysis on high dimensional data

Purpose To study the effects of increasing pelvic bone marrow (BM) radiation dose on acute hematologic toxicity in patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy, using a novel modeling approach to preserve the local spatial dose information. Methods and Materials The study included 37 cervical cancer patients treated with concurrent weekly cisplatin and pelvic radiation therapy. The white blood cell count nadir during treatment was used as the indicator for acute hematologic toxicity. Pelvic BM radiation dose distributions were standardized across patients by registering the pelvic BM volumes to a common template, followed by dose remapping using deformable image registration, resulting in a dose array. Principal component (PC) analysis was applied to the dose array, and the significant eigenvectors were identified by linear regression on the PCs. The coefficients for PC regression and significant eigenvectors were represented in three dimensions to identify critical BM subregions where dose accumulation is associated with hematologic toxicity. Results We identified five PCs associated with acute hematologic toxicity. PC analysis regression modeling explained a high proportion of the variation in acute hematologicity (adjusted R 2 , 0.49). Three-dimensional rendering of a linear combination of the significant eigenvectors revealed patterns consistent with anatomical distributions of hematopoietically active BM. Conclusions We have developed a novel approach that preserves spatial dose information to model effects of radiation dose on toxicity, which may be useful in optimizing radiation techniques to avoid critical subregions of normal tissues. Further validation of this approach in a large cohort is ongoing.
Use of Ground Clutter to Monitor Polarimetric Radar Calibration

AbstractIt is suggested that urban ground clutter can have a role in monitoring calibration of reflectivity factor ZH and differential reflectivity ZDR on polarimetric radars. The median and average values of these variables are considered. Analysis of data from 1 month of cold season in Germany (X-band radar) and 3.5 hot days in Oklahoma (S-band radar) is presented. In the presence of up to moderate rain or snow a reflectivity threshold suffices for separating significant clutter from precipitation observed with an X-band radar. The same threshold was suitable on observations with an S-band radar in Oklahoma because heavy precipitation was not present. The tests suggest the scheme is worthy considering for operational monitoring of ZH as its median values at both locations were within the quantization interval of 0.5 dB. Environmental factors that can influence reflectivities from clutter are examined. The effects on ZDR can be significant. These are quantified in the data and possible uses for calibrati...
Computed tomography with monochromatic X rays from the National Synchrotron Light Source

Abstract A multiple-energy computed tomography (MECT) system that employs monochromatic and tunable 33–100 keV X rays from a superconducting wiggler at the National Synchrotron Light Source is being developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The CT configuration is that of a fixed, horizontal fan-shape beam and a subject seated in a rotating chair. Two quantitative CT methods will be used: a) K-edge subtraction of intravenously administered iodine (or a heavier element) to image brain tumors, large blood vessels of the lower head and neck, and arteriovenous malformations; and b) dual photon absorptiometry to obtain two brain CT images that map the low−Z elements and the intermediate−Z elements (i.e. P, S, Cl, K, Ca, and Fe) separately. The system is expected to provide 0.5 mm spatial resolution, horizontally, with unprecedented image contrast and accuracy of quantification. The system will employ a two-crystal monochromator and a high-purity Ge linear array detector.
A leisure demand projection model.

Abstract A leisure demand projection model is developed that offers a technique to combine several socioeconomic variables into a single composite score for use in predicting future leisure demand. The first step in the leisure demand projection process was the formulation of a leisure typology from the 1973 data provided by the Continuous National Survey undertaken by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. Each cell of the leisure typology is formulated from individuals who have similar leisure participation patterns. The second step was to use a discriminant analysis to select the most useful socioeconomic variables for discriminating between the cells of the typology. The third step was to project the growth to 1990 of each of the socioeconomic variables identified as being associated with the leisure typology. The final step of the projection process was to estimate the proportion of population likely to be redistributed to each cell of the leisure typology in 1990 as a res...
Women superintendents: strategies for success

Despite widespread concern about the need to ensure that women succeed in superintendency positions, there is woefully little relevant literature. This paper presents the results of a qualitative study of female superintendents focused on identifying their strategies for success. In broad strokes, the study draws on the insights of 12 women superintendents and 24 people who knew them. Interpretations are presented as they find expression in seven “strategies for success”.
Basis pursuit with sequential measurements and time varying signals

Recovery of sparse signals from linear measurements arises in several signal processing applications. Basis pursuit is a standard convex optimization program, often used to perform this task. In this paper we present two algorithms to dynamically update the solution of basis pursuit as 1) new measurements are sequentially added or 2) the underlying signal changes slightly. The goal is to avoid solving the (computationally expensive) optimization routine every time a small change occurs in the measurements. Our proposed update algorithms are based on homotopy principles, which iteratively update the solution by moving from an already solved problem towards the desired problem. Each homotopy step involves only a few matrix-vector multiplications. Simulation results show that the number of homotopy steps required for the update is comparable to the sparsity of the underlying signals.
Capping the brown energy consumption of Internet services at low cost

The large amount of energy consumed by Internet services represents significant and fast-growing financial and environmental costs. Increasingly, services are exploring dynamic methods to minimize energy costs while respecting their service-level agreements (SLAs). Furthermore, it will soon be important for these services to manage their usage of “brown energy” (produced via carbon-intensive means) relative to renewable or “green” energy. This paper introduces a general, optimization-based framework for enabling multi-data-center services to manage their brown energy consumption and leverage green energy, while respecting their SLAs and minimizing energy costs. Based on the framework, we propose a policy for request distribution across the data centers. Our policy can be used to abide by caps on brown energy consumption, such as those that might arise from Kyoto-style carbon limits, from corporate pledges on carbon-neutrality, or from limits imposed on services to encourage brown energy conservation. We evaluate our framework and policy extensively through simulations and real experiments. Our results show how our policy allows a service to trade off consumption and cost. For example, using our policy, the service can reduce brown energy consumption by 24% for only a 10% increase in cost, while still abiding by SLAs.
Water and Energy Budgets of a Florida Mesoscale Convective System: A Combined Observational and Modeling Study

Abstract Mesoscale water and energy budgets are diagnosed for a squall line during the Convection and Precipitation Electrification Experiment and combined with the results of the two-dimensional Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model. The fine temporal and spatial resolution of cloud-scale processes contained in the model is used to reduce uncertainty in the diagnosed water budget residual and, thus, to arrive at a good estimate of storm-total rainfall. Profiles of cumulus heating (Q1) and drying (Q2) inferred from the sounding observations are in turn compared with the cloud-scale energy budget terms calculated from the model. This comparison reveals near-agreement in the magnitude and vertical distribution of the peak Q1 and Q2, and also the relative size of the heating and drying at different levels in the column. When the size of the mesoscale convective disturbance is approximately the same as the sounding observation network, it may be wrong to assume that the diagnosed vertical eddy heat transport account...
Quality Assurance Activities for Mental Health Services in Health Maintenance Organizations

Currently 13.6 million Americans receive their medical care in 323 health maintenance organizations (HMOs) (Inglehart, 1984). At the current rate of expansion, experts estimate that, by the early 1990s, that figure will reach 50 million. In addition to their direct impact, such organizations have been associated with the current upheaval in the medical community, and have prompted major revisions in practice patterns: a growing emphasis on cost containment, group practice, and reduced hospitalization. The success of for-profit HMOs, as well as a shift in government priorities that has eliminated subsidies, is forcing nonprofit HMOs to consider new sources of funding to finance expansion, and it is likely that such factors will play an increasing role in shaping such organizations as competition for the consumer becomes even more intense in the 1990s. These facts underscore the need to reconcile the economic realities of our times with the traditional values of medical practice, and the maintenance of quality.
IREX VI: mixed-effects longitudinal models for iris ageing: response to Bowyer and Ortiz

Bowyer and Ortiz, in their study ‘A Critical Examination of the IREX VI Results’, make seven criticisms of the authors application of linear mixed-effects models to longitudinally collected iris recognition Hamming distances. We reject these as either irrelevant, misinterpretations, or qualitatively correct, but quantitatively irrelevant.
The Two Faces of Justice in the Post-Soviet Legal Sphere: Adversarial Procedure, Jury Trial, Plea-Bargaining and the Inquisitorial Legacy

This essay focuses on adversary procedure, plea-bargaining, and jury trial in the 1991 Concept of Judicial Reform of the Russian Republic. It discusses the impact of these reforms and assesses whether they have led to an improvement in the quality of evidence presented to the trier of fact, liberation of the trial and appellate judges from the juggernaut of hierarchical Soviet ‘crime control’ policies, and the development of a culture where acquittals of guilty and innocent will be tolerated when the evidence lacks credibility or is insufficient to constitute proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
The Effect of Public Goods Quality on Neighborhood Investment and Political Participation

Much previous research in urban politics and political behavior has examined the causes of political participation and urban development. For political participation, the primary focus of the research has been on the effect of socio-economic status, resources, and election characteristics. Other participation research has focused on context and its impact on political opinions and participation. But rarely has the context research focused on policy context - that is the ways in which people experience public policies in neighborhoods. Something similar has occurred in the urban development literature where the focus has been on big city-wide policies and industrial recruitment. This paper examines how hyper-local public goods experiences impact both local participation (in the form of local election turnout) and neighborhood investment (in the form of residential construction projects). Data from New York City’s 311 service complaint program and elementary school evaluations are used to measure neighborhood conditions down to the Census-tract level. Spatial regression models reveal that the quality of the public goods provision in a neighborhood has the anticipated positive externalities on political participation and neighborhood investment.
Shielding Doors

This paper describes general types of shielding doors and the drive systems for opening and closing them. It compares estimated costs of the different types of doors based on factors they have in common. It describes a number of shielding doors designed and built at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. These include a vertically rising door actuated by a hydraulic cylinder in a pit beneath it, a rotating slotted-barrel door, a swinging door, and a number of more or less typical sliding doors. Some of the problems involved in the design and use of these doors are discussed. Actual costs for a number of doors are given.
Remembering ingenuity creativity and democratic participation in American school reform

In Catching Up or Leading the Way: American Education in the Age of Globalization, Yong Zhao (2010) challenges researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders to reexamine the goals of the American education system in the twenty-first century. He does this by articulating a paradox of the current system: While American students score low on both national and international tests, America still dominates the global economy. Arguing that America’s dominance comes from the independence, ingenuity, and creativity instilled in its students Zhao asserts that the measures of learning currently employed in national and international tests in the US are dangerously focused on a limited range of knowledge and skills. He uses the Chinese educational system as a point of comparison to highlight the extreme measures Chinese students and parents take in order increase test scores. Zhao further explains, with irony, that as America is trying to standardize its curriculum and increase the use of testing, the Chinese are trying to liberalize and diversify their curricula. An important section of Zhao’s book concerns the goals of the educational system in the context of an increasingly global and virtual economy. Zhao provides illustrations of this emerging economy and suggests some criteria that educators and policymakers should consider when defining twenty-first century skills. He then presents a series of ideas about how the American education system can build on its strengths while addressing new educational goals that emerge from globalization and technological advances to create an effective system of education. He concludes that America is at a crossroads: ‘‘Two paths lie in front of us: one in which we destroy our strengths in order to catch up with others on test scores and one in which we build on our strengths so we can keep the lead in innovation and creativity’’ (p. 198). I found Zhao’s analysis compelling. Too often, policymakers and researchers step into a debate and respond to the technical issues in front of them without
Tiny transporters: how exosomes and calcineurin signaling regulate miR-23a levels during muscle atrophy. Focus on “miR-23a is decreased during muscle atrophy by a mechanism that includes calcineurin signaling and exosome-mediated export”

skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by an increase in protein degradation that is accomplished through a variety of cellular mechanisms. Significant attention has been given to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and to expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligases muscle-specific RING finger-1 (MuRF1)
The analysis about surveillance of adverse effects following immunization in Nantong in the year of 2007

Objective:To analize the occurrence features of adverse effects following immunization in Nantong in the year of 2007,and to evaluate the founctioning of the AEFI system,the quality of immunization service and the safety of vaccines.Methods:Relevant epidemiological indicators was statistically described according to the AEFI data which was collected through the China Information System for National Immunization Program(NIP).Results:Totally 488 AEFI cases were reported in the year of 2007.There were 363 cases with vaccine general reactions which accounted for 74.39% among AEFI classification,114 cases with vaccine paradoxical reaction(23.36%),38 cases with coincidental illness(2.05%),and 1 case with underdetemined (0.20%).There were 20 kinds of vaccine involved in AEFI cases,191 cases induced by inactivated JE vaccine,which accounted for 39.14%.Conclusion:According to the data of surveillance,the AEFI surveillance system of Nantong city works in a good condition.However,to make sure of the quality of surveillance data of AEFI,training about diagnosis,classification and treatment of AEFI should be strengthened in all medical institution reporters.
Urban myths and the ACT: what is not true and what really matters when it comes to monitoring anticoagulation.

The activated clotting time (ACT) was developed in 1966 by Hattersley (1). However, it was Bull et al. that first suggested that Hattersley’s test should be applied to coagulation monitoring of the systemically heparinized CPB patient (2). In their cornerstone manuscript it was noted that visible clot formation rarely occurred below ACT times of 300 seconds. Consequently, a safety margin was added to this minimum time and the recommendation was made that regular monitoring and maintenance of ACT values of >480 seconds was appropriate for CPB. This recommendation quickly became the gold standard. Since that time nearly a dozen automated machines and tests have been developed to provide ACT results and ACT monitoring has become standard of care for the CPB patient. Despite the widespread acceptance of the ACT test, there is no shortage of references which mischaracterize the ACT test thereby promulgating a degree of misinformation which permeates our profession. Therefore, the purpose of this presentation is to dispel some of the most common myths associated with ACT test results. Original data from our laboratory will be used to compliment an extensive literature review on this topic.
TSC-DL: Unsupervised trajectory segmentation of multi-modal surgical demonstrations with Deep Learning

The growth of robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery has led to sizable datasets of fixed-camera video and kinematic recordings of surgical subtasks. Segmentation of these trajectories into locally-similar contiguous sections can facilitate learning from demonstrations, skill assessment, and salvaging good segments from otherwise inconsistent demonstrations. Manual, or supervised, segmentation can be prone to error and impractical for large datasets. We present Transition State Clustering with Deep Learning (TSC-DL), a new unsupervised algorithm that leverages video and kinematic data for task-level segmentation, and finds regions of the visual feature space that correlate with transition events using features constructed from layers of pre-trained image classification Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We report results on three datasets comparing Deep Learning architectures (AlexNet and VGG), choice of convolutional layer, dimensionality reduction techniques, visual encoding, and the use of Scale Invariant Feature Transforms (SIFT). We find that the deep architectures extract features that result in up-to a 30.4% improvement in Silhouette Score (a measure of cluster tightness) over the traditional “shallow” features from SIFT. We also present cases where TSC-DL discovers human annotator omissions. Supplementary material, data and code is available at: http://berkeleyautomation.github.io/tsc-dl/
Steady, One-Dimensional Heat Conduction

This chapter discusses the steady and one-dimensional heat conduction process. The chapter focusses on the simplest possible type of heat transfer process, that is, energy transport in the absence of convection and radiation, steady, and only one component of the heat flux vector being non-zero or one-dimensional. However, the practical applications of the process are significant. The chapter presents a precise derivation of the governing differential equations, and reviews the boundary conditions that must be imposed at phase interfaces. Problems in cylindrical and spherical coordinates are analyzed, and the use of extended surfaces (fins) to enhance overall heat transfer rates is presented. When the overall heat transfer rate is limited by a low rate of heat transfer between a solid surface and a surrounding fluid, extended surfaces , or fins, may often be used to improve the overall transfer rate .
Low Total Cholesterol Levels and Performance on the Iowa Gambling Task

Abstract: Very low levels of systemic total cholesterol (TC) may have adverse neurological consequences, and there is a lack of research investigating how TC levels are related to specific aspects of behavior and cognition. This study examined the relationship between low TC levels and performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a standardized measure of decision making. Fasting plasma TC levels were measured in 61 healthy female university undergraduates, various demographic and health measures were obtained, and each participant completed the IGT. Individuals with TC < 140 mg/dL performed significantly more poorly on the IGT than those with TC ≥ 140 mg/dL (p = 0.01). On the IGT, participants with TC levels < 140 mg/dL persisted in preferentially responding to task stimuli with large and immediate monetary gains, despite the fact that these gains were yoked to increasing and unpredictable losses over time. This difference cannot be attributed to dissimilarities in BMI or general health between the grou...
Edge-to-Edge Repair (MitraClip), Degenerative

The MitraClip device was conceived of as a percutaneous method to mimic the surgical edge-to-edge or double-orifice mitral repair. A surgical double-orifice repair was initially utilized in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR), involving prolapse of the middle scallops of the line of mitral coaptation. The EVEREST II pivotal trial compared MitraClip with surgical mitral repair or replacement in a predominantly degenerative MR population and demonstrated that surgical repair is more effective at reducing MR than MitraClip, but that the MitraClip device achieved similar levels of clinical efficacy and left ventricular remodeling and is, as was expected, safer than surgical approaches. Clinical uptake of MitraClip in commercial international practice has been used mostly among high-risk patients with functional MR with similar efficacy and safety, and over 25,000 patients have been treated. The evidence base for use of MitraClip now includes the EVEREST trials and prospective registry data for over 5000 patients. This review summarizes this database.
Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid

Papillary carcinoma is the most common form of thyroid cancer, and has been reported generally to be increasing in frequency over time. However, these malignancies tend to grow very slowly, and may never produce symptoms beyond the presence of a nodule in the thyroid. Ionizing radiation, from nuclear disasters, diagnostic x-rays, and radioactive iodine, is the only certain cause of this malignancy. Speculation based on knowledge of thyroid physiology, the female predominance, and the worldwide pattern of occurrence has focused on benign thyroid disease, iodine consumption, other dietary components, and hormonal aberrations as other possible causes. Evidence for each of these is, however, inconsistent. This malignancy is more common in Los Angeles County and other parts of the United States than it is in Denmark. Incidence begins to increase early in adulthood, especially in women, who are at higher risk than men. Whites are at higher risk than African-Americans or Latinos. Incidence is higher among those of higher social class. Incidence is particularly high among Filipinas, although Asian-Americans in general are at low risk of papillary thyroid cancer.
Bioavailability and delivery of nutraceuticals by nanoparticles

Nanotechnology is gaining momentum and becoming a worldwide important tool for the food and bioprocessing industry. Smart delivery of nutrients, nanoencapsulation of nutraceuticals, bioseparation of proteins, and rapid sampling of biological and chemical contaminants are some of the emerging topics of nanotechnology. Nanomaterials are also being improved for highly sensitive biosensors that can be used to detect pathogenic microorganisms, allergens, and contaminants that can affect quality and safety of food. As changing the size of fabricated materials into nanoscale, the stability and the solubility of valuable nutrients can be tremendously improved; and their effective and controlled delivery via nanovehicles can be provided. Facilitating a precise control of properties and functionality at the molecular level, nanotechnology enables the development of highly effective encapsulation and delivery systems. Nanoformulations can be used to improve the uptake, absorption, and bioavailability of nutrients and supplements in the body. Designing and developing of functional food ingredients with improved bioavailability, solubility, thermal stability, organoleptic attributes, and physiological performance are important applications of nanotechnology in food technology and nutrition. This chapter discusses some design and applications of nanonutraceutical products.
Virtual Generation Gaps and What Is “Community”

There is a certain nostalgia some people hold regarding the stereotype of the “lesbian potluck” or the “Sunday gay brunch,” the “lesbian softball team” and the “queer camping trips” that are embedded in the memories of many LBGT individuals who came of age at the height of the Gay/Lesbian Rights Movement of the 1970s–1980s. These physical spaces where queer folks gathered to talk politics, commune with like-identified individuals, and find support and acceptance in a world that was generally hostile were a lifeline and a coming-of-age and coming-out-of-the closet cornerstone. Due to the migration to digital communication and community and an increasing cultural tolerance for LGBT people, these physical spaces are receding or have disappeared, replaced or overshadowed by listservs, social networking, dating websites, and other digital communication. However, we need to take care not to romanticize this view of the LGBT community of a bygone era. Not everyone had a potluck or a bowling group and not every LGBT social group was an ideal community of support. Still, many older LGBT people lament the loss of the physical spaces and “real-world” communities that were part of the 1970s–1990s, attributing this loss to the digital age. Whether or not the demise of these physical spaces/groups is a direct result of our digitized culture is anyone’s speculation. Whether or not a digital community can/should replace a physical space can only be determined by each individual. Many people, for various reasons, prefer and draw energy from physical groups, others prefer and draw energy from digital communities, and many use both as a way of finding community and identity in the twenty-first century.
Fully reconfigurable terahertz devices enabled by T-shaped graphene two-parallel-sheet

Abstract In this letter, we investigate fully reconfigurable terahertz (THz) devices enabled by a T-shaped graphene two-parallel-sheet (GTPS). The proposed T-shaped GTPS is constructed by two series-connected GTPS sections and one shunt-connected open-ended GTPS section. By applying electrical gating to the T-shaped GTPS, both electrical length and characteristic impedance of the terahertz waveguide (i.e. T-shaped GTPS) can be fully tuned. To demonstrate the tuning feature of the T-shaped GTPS, a variety of tunable THz devices are designed based on it, including reconfigurable tunable THz transmission lines and a tunable THz coupler. The simulation results verify the large tuning range and multifunction of proposed devices.
The Second Renal Peak Phenomenon—Significance of an Observed Aberration of Renal Blood Flow and Function Curves: Report of Three Cases

Computer-generated curves from 99mTc DTPA renal studies provide information about renal blood flow and function. The characteristic appearance of these curves can be altered by a variety of pathologic and/or artifactual conditions. One such alteration can be the appearance of a “double peak” in any portion of the curve. Three such occurrences are presented. In each case, with careful review of the dynamic computer images and discussion with the technologist, a plausible explanation of the curve aberration could be determined. The appearance of a second peak in the renal curves requires careful review of the computer-acquired images for visualizing entry of additional tracer into the venous circulation.
Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Integration and Genotoxicity: Insights from Animal Models

Currently, clinical gene therapy is experiencing a renaissance, with new products for clinical use approved in Europe and clinical trials for multiple diseases reporting positive results, especially those using recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors. Amid this new success, it is prudent to recall that the field of gene therapy experienced tragic setbacks in 1999 and 2002 because of the serious adverse events related to retroviral and adenoviral gene delivery in two clinical trials that resulted in the death of two patients. In both cases, the toxicity observed in humans had been documented to occur in animal models. However, these toxicities were either undetected or underappreciated before they arose in humans. rAAVs have been tested extensively in animals and animal models of disease, largely without adverse events, except for transient elevation in liver enzymes in some patients. However, a small but growing number of murine studies have documented that adeno-associated viral gene delivery c...
The Ephemeral Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986: Its Formation, Failure and Future Implications

The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) was an attempt to create a comprehensive solution to illegal immigration. However, since that time, illegal immigration has risen considerably. What are the reasons for this failure? And what does this suggest for future immigration policy? This paper analyzes IRCAâ€™s formation, key features, reasons for failure and possible recommendations for the future.