cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional polymers. II. Preparation and polymerization of methyl 5-vinylsalicylate, methyl 5-vinylacetylsalicylate, 5-vinylsalicylic acid, and 5-vinylacetylsalicylic acid†‡§

Four new derivatives of 5-vinylsalicylic acid were prepared and their homopolymerization and copolymerization with acrylic acid and methacrylic acid investigated. Methyl 5-vinylsalicylate was prepared in a six-step synthesis from methyl salicylate in an overall yield of 35%. Acetylation in the last step yielded methyl 5-vinylacetylsalicylate. Hydrolysis of methyl 5-vinylsalicylate gave 5-vinylsalicylic acid which was acetylated to 5-vinylacetylsalicylic acid (5-vinyl aspirin). The 5-vinyl-substituted salicylic acid derivatives could be readily homopolymerized and copolymerized with acrylic acid and methacrylic acid to give various compositions of copolymers. It is worth noting that even the monomers with free phenol groups could be readily polymerized with azobisisobutyronitrile as radical initiator to high molecular weight polymers without interference of the phenolic OH group.
Workplace Support, Role Overload, and Job Satisfaction of Direct Care Workers in Assisted Living

This study aims to enhance our understanding of job satisfaction of direct care workers in assisted living facilities. Low job satisfaction is related to high turnover rates and lower quality of care in assisted living. We integrate two theories of job satisfaction to investigate relationships among workplace support, role overload, and job satisfaction. Data are from a survey of 984 direct care workers in 108 assisted living facilities. Results from multilevel hierarchical linear models (HLM) indicate that job satisfaction varies both within and among facilities. Job satisfaction is negatively associated with role overload, and it is positively associated with institutional support, supervisor instrumental and emotional support, and coworker emotional support. These workplace support measures and role overload are separately and independently associated with job satisfaction. Enhancing job satisfaction of assisted living direct care workers will likely require a multipronged approach that includes improving institutional, supervisor, and coworker support while simultaneously directly addressing role overload.
Tunable transformer for qubits based on flux states

Flux states of an RF SQUID are promising candidates for the implementation of quantum bits (qubits) for quantum computing. Accurate measurements of the flux states, especially in the time domain, require a controllable coupling between a qubit and a readout circuit (e.g., a dc SQUID magnetometer). Since the readout circuit can also be a source of decoherence, such a controllable coupling also allows one to control (minimize) the back action of the magnetometer. For this purpose we suggest a balanced, tunable transformer. This has a gradiometer configuration such that each arm is broken by a small loop containing two Josephson junctions. As a result the inductance of each arm can be adjusted by an applied bias flux. In the symmetrical case there is no coupling between the qubit and the magnetometer while a desired coupling can be achieved by changing the asymmetry of the arms. Similar transformers may be be useful for achieving controllable, lossless coupling that is required between qubits. Theoretical analysis of the noise back action of the transformer as well as preliminary experimental results are presented.
Frequency-shifting with local nonlinearity management in non-uniformly poled quadratic nonlinear materials

The frequency shifts resulting from cascaded processes with strong group-velocity mismatch can be controlled and enhanced with nonlinearity management in quasi-phase matched structures. We demonstrate theoretically tailored, efficient frequency shifting of infrared pulses.
Cubic forms over algebraic number fields

It is our purpose here to show that, using results already in the literature, it is easy to prove the following and similar theorems. For every positive integer d, there exists an integer Ψ ( d ) such that if K is an algebraic number field of degree d over the field of rational numbers then every cubic form f(x 1 x 2 , …, x n ) over K, with n ≥ Ψ(d), has a non-trivial zero in K.
Multimodality: A Social Semiotic Approach to Contemporary Communication. By Gunther Kress

In his newest book, Multimodality: A Social Semiotic Approach to Contemporary Communication, Gunther Kress brings visual communication into the 21st century by applying social semiotic theory (a th...
Genomic profiling of B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is comprised of multiple subtypes defined by recurring chromosomal alterations that are important events in leukemogenesis and are widely used in diagnosis and risk stratification, yet fail to fully explain the biology of this disease. In the last 5 years, genome-wide profiling of gene expression, structural DNA alterations and sequence variations has yielded important insights into the nature of submicroscopic genetic alterations that define novel subgroups of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and cooperate with known cytogenetic alterations in leukemogenesis. Importantly, several of these alterations are important determinants of risk of relapse and are potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, these advances and future directions in the genomic analysis of ALL are discussed.
Douglas-fir ectomycorrhizae in 40- and 400-year-old stands: mycobiont availability to late successional western hemlock

We investigated ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi in forest stands containing both early successional Douglas-fir and late successional western hemlock at two points in the typical stand development by identifying EM fungi from roots of Douglas-fir and western hemlock in mixed stands. In an early seral stage forest, EM roots of western hemlock seedlings and intermingling 40-year-old Douglas-fir were sampled. In a late seral stage forest, EM roots of trees of both species were sampled in a 400-year-old stand. We use molecular approaches to identify the symbionts from field samples in this descriptive study. In the early seral stage study, >95% of the western hemlock root tips by biomass were colonized by fungi also colonizing Douglas-fir roots. This result supports the prediction that western hemlock can associate with fungi in Douglas-fir EM networks. In the same study, fungi specific to Douglas-fir colonized 14% of its EM root tips. In the late seral stage study, 14% of the western hemlock root tips were colonized by fungi also observed in association with Douglas-fir, a result strongly influenced by sampling issues and likely represents a conservative estimate of multiple host fungi in this old growth setting. Fungi specific to Douglas-fir colonized 25% of its root tip biomass in the old growth study, in tight coralloid clusters within five of the 24 soil samples. The trends revealed in this study corroborate earlier studies suggesting a predominance of multiple host fungi in mixed communities of EM plants. The role of host-specific fungi in these stands remains unclear.
Confidence Intervals for Proportions of Variability in Two-Factor Nested Variance Component Models

Abstract In the two-factor nested variance component model with equal numbers in the cells given by y ijk = μ + A i + B ij + C ijk , three important functions of the variance components σA 2, σB 2, and σC 2 are the proportions of the total variation due to factors A, B, and C, which are given by σA 2/(σA 2 + σB 2 + σC 2), σB 2/(σA 2 + σB 2 + σC 2) and σC 2/(σA 2 + σB 2 + σC 2), respectively. There are no exact confidence intervals available for these proportions. In this article approximate lower and upper confidence intervals are presented.
Circuit-level simulation of TDDB failure in digital CMOS circuits

An efficient circuit-level simulator for the prediction of time-dependent dielectric breakdown effects in digital CMOS circuits has been developed and integrated into the reliability simulation tool BERT (Berkeley Reliability Tools). The new module enhances the capability of the earlier SPICE-based oxide breakdown simulator by enabling practical simulations of large digital circuits. We discuss burn-in simulation for digital circuits and show that a significant reduction in oxide breakdown failure probability is possible. >
Positron Emission Tomography of Schwannomas: Emphasizing Its Potential in Preoperative Planning

OBJECTIVE. In this article, we describe FDG uptake in schwannoma as measured on positron emission tomography (PET). FDG uptake is compared with tumor cellularity, tumor size, and tumor proliferation rate (Ki-67 index).CONCLUSION. Schwannomas generally have a high tumor-to-background ratio on FDG PET. Semiquantitative analysis with standardized uptake values (SUVs) reveals a wide variation in SUVs that can be explained by variations in the degree of cellularity. No correlation was found between FDG uptake and tumor size or tumor proliferation rate (Ki-67 index). Because these tumors often have a high level of FDG uptake, distinguishing schwannomas from malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors before biopsy or surgery is not possible. Even in cases in which the maximum SUV or average SUV is greater than 6.0, schwannomas cannot be excluded. Therefore, schwannoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of peripheral nerve sheath tumors with low, intermediate, or high SUVs.
Parcs Is a Dual Regulator of Cell Proliferation and Apaf-1 Function

Here we identify a novel protein, named Parcs for pro-apoptotic protein required for cell survival, that is involved in both cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Parcs interacted with Apaf-1 by binding to the oligomerization domain of Apaf-1. Apaf-1-mediated activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 was markedly decreased in a cytosolic fraction isolated from HeLa cells with reduced parcs expression. Interestingly, parcs deficiency blocked cell proliferation in non-tumorigenic cells but not in multiple tumor cell lines. In MCF-10A cells, parcs deficiency led to early G1 arrest. Conditional inactivation of parcs in genetically modified primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts using the Cre-LoxP system also resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation. We conclude that Parcs may define a molecular checkpoint in the control of cell proliferation for normal cells that is lost in tumor cells.
Regulation of rapid eye movement sleep in the freely moving rat: local microinjection of serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine into the brainstem.

Study objectives Considerable evidence suggests that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is induced by glutamatergic activation of cholinergic cells within the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT). The aim of this study is to test a popular hypothesis that serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine act on PPT cells to regulate REM sleep. This study also tests an alternate hypothesis that serotonin may inhibit REM sleep signs by direct action on the individual REM sleep sign generators. Design Serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine were locally microinjected into the PPT and serotonin was microinjected into the pontine-wave (P-wave) generator (dorsal part of the locus subcoeruleus nucleus) while quantifying the effects on REM sleep and P-wave activity in freely moving rats. Setting N/A. Participants N/A. Interventions N/A. Measurements and results Local microinjections of serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine into the PPT did not change REM sleep. Microinjection of serotonin into the P-wave generator suppressed P-wave activity but not REM sleep. Conclusions The present findings provide direct evidence that serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine-induced REM sleep suppression in the behaving rat are not mediated by the PPT. The results also provide direct evidence, for the first time, that serotonin suppresses P-wave activity by acting directly on the P-wave generator. These results suggest that the serotonin-induced inhibition of REM sleep in the freely moving rat is probably not mediated through the mesopontine cholinergic cell compartment but, rather, through individual REM sleep sign generators.
Temperature and Moisture Conditions That Affect Aflatoxin Contamination of Peanuts

ABSTRACT Reliable prediction of aflatoxin occurrence in peanut is needed so that growers can make appropriate management decisions when contamination risk is high. The goal of this study was to develop such a prediction system. Aflatoxin concentrations were monitored in rainfed peanuts over 5 yr at the Wiregrass Research and Extension Center in SE Alabama; in each year, 4 planting dates subjected the crop to different temperatures and rainfall patterns. The first planting in each year was in late April with subsequent plantings scheduled at 2 wk intervals. Daily maximum temperatures averaged over the final 6 wk prior to inversion (MaxT.6wk) and cumulative 3-d-dry periods during the 4 wk prior to inversion (d3d.4wk) were better correlated to aflatoxin levels than other temperature and moisture variables including rain days and total precipitation. When MaxT.6wk > 31.5 C and d3d.4wk ≥17, there was a high risk (≥30% chance of >20 ppb) of aflatoxin contamination in peanuts; when neither of these conditions we...
Demographic Parameters of Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Reared on Two Diets Developed for Lygus spp.

Two artificial diets developed for rearing Lygus spp., a fresh yolk chicken egg based-diet (FYD) and a dry yolk chicken egg based-diet (DYD), were evaluated as an alternative food source for rearing the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Survival to adult was 97.3 and 74.67%, respectively, on the fresh and dry yolk diets. Insects fed FYD had 100% survival of nymphs from first through fourth instars. Adult development was significantly shorter on FYD (30.37 ± SE 0.30 d) as compared with DYD (32.77 ± SE 0.16 d). Increased male and female longevity, higher fecundity, and larger egg mass sizes were also observed with N. viridula -fed FYD. However, fertility and hatchability was higher on DYD. A complete cohort life table was constructed to describe the development of N. viridula on both diets.
Ten-year weight gain in smokers who quit, smokers who continued smoking and never smokers in the United States, NHANES 2003-2012.

Weight gain after quitting smoking is a common concern for smokers and can discourage quit attempts. The purpose of this analysis was to describe the long-term weight gain, smoking cessation attributable (SCA) weight gain and describe their relationship to cigarette consumption and body mass index (BMI) 10 years ago in a contemporary, nationally representative sample of smokers who continued to smoke and those who quit. In all, 12 204 adults ⩾36 years old were selected from the 2003–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Ten-year weight gain for never, continuing and former smokers (who quit 1–10 years ago) was calculated by body mass index (BMI) 10 years ago and cigarettes per day (CPD). SCA weight gain was calculated by taking the difference between the adjusted mean 10-year weight gain of former smokers and that of continuing smokers. Mean 10-year weight gain among continuing smokers was 3.5 versus 8.4 kg among former smokers; the SCA weight gain was 4.9 kg. After Bonferroni correction, there was no significant difference in overall weight gain between continuing and former smokers of 1–14 CPD, and SCA weight gain was lowest in this group (2.0 kg, confidence interval (CI): 0.3, 3.7). SCA weight gain was highest for former smokers of ⩾25 CPD (10.3 kg, CI: 7.4, 13.2) and for those who were obese (7.1 kg, CI: 2.9, 11.3) mostly because of lower than average weight gain or weight loss among continuing smokers in these groups. In a current, nationally representative sample, baseline BMI and CPD were important factors that contributed to the magnitude of long-term weight gain following smoking cessation. Light to moderate smokers (<15 CPD) experienced little SCA weight gain, whereas heavy smokers (⩾25 CPD) and those who were obese before quitting experienced the most.
Relaxing the Death Standard for Organ Donation in Pediatric Situations

A major ethical and legal constraint in organ procurement is the requirement that organs be removed only from dead patients. Although kidneys and bone marrow are obtained from living donors, the dead donor rule controls the procurement of hearts, livers, and most kidneys. Brain-death tests of death permit the removal of these organs from heart-beating but brain-dead sources.
How to Make Help Desks More Efficient: Evidence from a Help Desk Database

Actual outcome data from help desk databases enable us to assess the likelihood of computing problems and to help improve computing quality and efficiency for everyday users. We conduct a detailed multivariate analysis of a longitudinal Help Desk database with attention to unobserved heterogeneity. We find substantial bias in models that omit unobserved heterogeneity across users. Our model can be used as a template by any organization that tracks help desk data and the results can be used to isolate areas that need improvement unique to the organizational environment.
Interaction Effects of Campus Racial Composition and Student Racial Identification

ABSTRACTDrawing upon a sample of 13,025 students who attended the nine majority minority colleges of the Los Angeles Community College District, this study examined the interaction effects of the racial composition of the colleges on student persistence. Special attention was given to variables that paired students’ race to the racial demography of the campus (Majority African American, Majority Latino, or No Racial Majority). Multivariate regression analyses included a range of demographic, environmental, engagement, and satisfaction variables, and a measure of student persistence. Findings revealed multiple significant and varied results according to the pairing of student race to institutional composition. The effect sizes for these variables were small but consistent with those for academic preparation as reflected in the lowest level of math, English, and English as a Second Language (ESL) courses taken, and stronger than the effects for the engagement and satisfaction scales that we utilized. Implic...
Electro-Induced Dewetting and Concomitant Ionic Current Avalanche in Nanopores

Electrically driven ionic transport of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) through nanopores is studied using atomistic simulations. The results show that in nanopores wetted by RTILs a gradual dewetting transition occurs upon increasing the applied voltage, which is accompanied by a sharp increase in ionic current. These phenomena originate from the solvent-free nature of RTILs and are in stark contrast with the transport of conventional electrolytes through nanopores. Amplification is possible by controlling the properties of the nanopore and RTILs, and we show that it is especially pronounced in charged nanopores. The results highlight the unique physics of nonequilibrium transport of RTILs in confined geometries and point to potential experimental approaches for manipulating ionic transport in nanopores, which can benefit diverse techniques including nanofluidic circuitry and nanopore analytics.
Principles for Effective Coping in Work-Related Uncertain Situations

Uncertainty manifests in a multitude of common work experiences related to job insecurity, including performance evaluations, job interviews, lay-offs, promotions, and transfers. Anxiety over work-related uncertainty can have deleterious effects on work performance, health, and well-being. In this chapter, we draw on the uncertainty navigation model as an organizing framework for research on the psychological effects of uncertainty and for the strategies people can use to cope with uncertainty. We discuss the components of the model (consequence mitigation, reappraisal, and emotion regulation) in the context of managing professional uncertainty and provide a case study of work-related uncertainty navigation in the context of the California bar exam. Finally, we translate previous research and the perspective of the uncertainty navigation model into practical recommendations for coping with uncertainty in work-related domains. Our exploration and discussion of uncertainty suggests that although uncertainty is often inevitable, people have strategies at their disposal that mitigate the negative consequences associated with uncertainty over professional outcomes.
Through-Cobalt Self Forming Barrier (tCoSFB) for Cu/ULK BEOL: A novel concept for advanced technology nodes

Through-Co self-forming-barrier (tCoSFB) metallization scheme is introduced, with Cu gap-fill capability down to 7 nm-node dimensions. Mn atoms from doped-seedlayer diffuse through CVD-Co wetting layer, to form TaMn O barrier, with integrity proven by vertical-trench triangular-voltage-sweep and barrier-oxidation tests. tCoSFB scheme enables 32% and 45% lower line and via resistance, respectively at 10 nm node dimensions, while achieving superior EM performance to competitive TaN/Co and TaN/Ru-based barriers.
Vibrational spectra of ammonia chemisorbed on platinum (111): I. Identification of chemisorbed states

Abstract Ammonia chemisorption on Pt(111) has been studied with high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), combined with thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). We detect two distinct molecular states of ammonia at different coverages. Near saturation monolayer coverage, ammonia is weakly chemisorbed (ΔH ads ∼ 9 kcal mol −1 ) and coordinated to the metal surface via the nitrogen atom. The vibrational frequencies are shifted from the gas phase values, but not as strongly perturbed as in stable platinum-ammine complexes. Below 40% saturation coverage, a new molecular ammonia state is detected, which has a distinct vibrational and thermal desorption spectrum. This state has a considerably reduced ν(PtN) intensity, and the other frequencies are closer to those in solid ammonia, indicating a weaker interaction with the Pt surface. The thermal desorption spectrum of this lower coverage state is broad, from 160 to 450 K, and coverage dependent. Conversion between the two molecular states appears to be only a function of coverage. We propose that the two molecular states have different adsorption sites, and convert from one form to the other as the coverage is changed. No evidence is found for significant dissociation of ammonia on the Pt surface. At very low temperatures (100 K), solid ammonia multilayers may be grown.
Optimization of the Manufacturing Route to PF-610355 (2): Synthesis of the API

PF-610355 is a novel inhaled β-2 adrenoreceptor agonist. Process development of the final intermediate and the API are discussed with emphasis on the control of physical properties and subsequent i...
Abstract IA13: Preclinical development of a humanized anti-CD47 antibody targeting AML stem cells.

Human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is organized as a cellular hierarchy initiated and maintained by rare self-renewing leukemia stem cells (LSC), which must be eliminated in order to cure the patient. We originally identified increased expression of CD47 on human AML LSC compared to their normal counterparts. CD47 is a widely expressed cell surface protein that functions as a regulator of phagocytosis mediated by cells of the innate immune system, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. CD47 serves as the ligand for a receptor on these innate immune cells, SIRP-alpha, which in turn delivers an inhibitory signal for phagocytosis. In this way, CD47 essentially functions as a “don9t eat me” signal. We previously found increased expression of CD47 on primary human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cells, and demonstrated that blocking monoclonal antibodies directed against CD47 enabled the phagocytosis and elimination of AML, non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma (NHL), and many solid tumors in xenograft models. These results established CD47 as a promising clinical therapeutic antibody target for human AML and other cancers. Towards this goal, we have now developed a novel humanized anti-CD47 antibody with potent efficacy and favorable toxicokinetic properties as a candidate human therapeutic. A novel monoclonal anti-human CD47 antibody, 5F9, was generated, and antibody humanization was carried out by grafting its complementarity determining regions (CDRs) onto a human IgG4 format. The resulting humanized 5F9 antibody (Hu5F9-G4) bound monomeric human CD47 with an 8 nM affinity. Hu5F9-G4 induced potent macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of primary human AML cells in vitro and completely eradicated human AML in vivo, leading to long-term disease-free survival of patient-derived xenografts. Moreover, Hu5F9-G4 synergized with rituximab to eliminate NHL engraftment and cure xenografted mice. Finally, toxicokinetic studies in non-human primates showed that Hu5F9-G4 could be safely administered intravenously at doses able to achieve potentially therapeutic serum levels. Thus, Hu5F9-G4 is actively being developed for clinical trials in human cancers including AML. Citation Format: Ravi Majeti. Preclinical development of a humanized anti-CD47 antibody targeting AML stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.
Parathyroid hormone transport effects and hormonal processing in primary cultured rat proximal tubular cells.

Abstract The development of satisfactory cell culture models for the study of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced inhibition of Pi transport has proven difficult. Using subcellular fractionation techniques we investigated the response of primary cultures of rat proximal tubular cells to PTH-(1-34). Specific binding of 125I-bPTH-(1-34) occurred at 2 degrees C. After 5 min of rewarming, trypsin-releasable radioactivity decreased from 90 to 50%, indicating internalization of the ligand. Cell disruption, followed by density centrifugation with 17% Percoll either directly after binding at 2 degrees C or post-rewarming for 20 min, showed a shift of 125I label from the plasma membrane (5'-nucleotidase) to lysosomal fractions (beta-D-glucosaminidase), confirming the sequential occurrence of cell surface binding, internalization and transport to lysosomes of 125I-bPTH-(1-34). Reculture at 37 degrees C revealed steady accumulation of trichloroacetic acid-soluble radioactivity in the medium, indicating degradation of 125I-bPTH-(1-34). Phosphate transport in the absence of sodium was minimal. Incubation of the cells with bPTH-(1-34) resulted in up to 50% inhibition of sodium-dependent phosphate transport. Prior phosphate depletion abrogated the response to PTH.
Effects of co-Longmalu tablet on analgesia,anti-inflammation and hemostasia

Objective To observe the effects of analgesia,anti-inflammation and hemostasia of co-Longmalu tablet.Methods In accordance with acetic acid ulcers after modeling,the animals were randomly divided into six groups:model group.Longmalu stomach group,bismuth potassium citrate group,co-Longmalu composite low,medium and high dose group.They were administrated;their ulcer area was observed;their gastric acid and pepsin were measured and compared with those of the control group.Results Co-Longmalu tablet could inhibit the area of the gastric ulcer,the gastric acid and the production of the pepsin.Conclusion Co-Longmalu tablet has significant healing-up effects on the gastric ulcer,analgesia,anti-inflammation and hemostasia of the experimental rats.
High-Order Modulation Transmission Through Frequency Quadrupler Using Digital Predistortion

We demonstrate the operation of a frequency quadrupler as a transmitter to accurately generate amplitude-and phase-modulated signals. Digital predistortion (DPD) is used to facilitate reconstruction of the desired transmitted waveforms at the frequency quadrupler output. Such a process enables novel architectures for higher frequency transmissions without high-frequency mixers or modulators, especially for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communications, at frequencies where signal amplification, modulation, and distribution are challenging. To investigate the frequency quadrupler input–output relationship and the signal characteristics, a prototype frequency quadrupling system at 3.56-GHz band is demonstrated. A quadrupled memory polynomial (Q-MP) model is derived for forward modeling. Subsequently, a quadrupling DPD (Q-DPD) model is developed to find the inverse of the frequency quadrupler for linearization. Further, a memory polynomial (MP) and Q-DPD cascaded technique is proposed to achieve more accurate linearization performance of the frequency quadrupler. The proposed methods are demonstrated using signals with different bandwidths (5, 10, 20 MHz) and different order modulations [64 and 256 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)]. Very good adjacent channel power ratios (ACPRs) of around −43 dBc and error vector magnitudes (EVMs) of about ${{1.6}}\%\sim {{2.4}}\%$ are achieved in different tests.
Kardiotoxische Substanzen in der Onkologie: Was ist zu beachten?

Kardiale Nebenwirkungen von klassischen oder „molecular targeted“-Chemotherapien umfassen myokardiale Dysfunktion oder Kardiomyopathie, Koronartoxizitat, Arrhythmien und arterielle Hypertonie. Die Myokardtoxizitat als wichtigste Nebenwirkung kann in Typ I (permanent, direkte Myozytennekrosen; klassischer Vertreter Anthrazykline) und Typ II (reversibel, keine Nekrosen; klassischer Vertreter Trastuzumab) unterschieden werden. Eine Fruherkennung einer subklinischen Myokardschadigung scheint mittels Speckle-Tracking-Echokardiografie und Troponin-Bestimmungen moglich. Effektive praventive und therapeutische Ansatze zur Minderung der Myokardtoxizitat von Anthrazyklinen (verlangerte Infusion, liposomales Doxorubicin, Dexrazoxane, Betablocker, ACE-Hemmer) und von Trastuzumab (Betablocker, ACE-Hemmer) sind verfugbar. Aufgabe des sich entwickelnden Feldes der Kardioonkologie ist die Herstellung einer vernunftigen Balance zwischen onkologischer Effektivitat und kardialen Risiken.
Mining the time-space matrix: Commemorative postage stamps and United States World’s Fairs, 1893–1915

This article examines turn-of-the-twentieth-century US world’s fairs and the postage stamps that were issued in their honor. The fairs celebrated the progress of industrial civilization, in part by anchoring themselves to a historical origin point (such as Columbus’ voyages), and the post office designed the accompanying stamps to commemorate a historical story deemed to be nationally significant. Both the origin point and the history associated with it were located within a time-space matrix defined by prior processes of mapping the national territory and standardizing time reckoning within it. The commemorative stamps were sold on the fairgrounds, where they could be postmarked to locate them precisely in time and space as souvenirs of what would become past events that would have value in the future. These overlain commemorative practices reveal how the raw materials of history—time and space—have to be manipulated before the history-making practices of modern societies can even begin.
Large Animal Models for Cardiac Cell Therapy

Preclinical studies of cell therapies have shown promising results in small animal models; however, these therapies have shown only modest benefits in clinical trials. Therefore, studies in large animal models, which more closely approximate human physiology, function, and anatomy, are needed to optimize cell therapies for clinical use. This chapter aims to outline some of the important factors to consider when selecting a large animal model for cardiovascular research and provides specific examples of the models most frequently used for studying cardiac cell therapies. These models recapitulate the clinical heart failure phenotypes arising from common etiologies, such as myocardial ischemia/infarction, ventricular overload states, dilated cardiomyopathy, and cardiotoxicity caused by chemotherapy agents. In addition, this chapter will discuss the role of large animal models in the development of new cell therapies and provide an overview of the methods currently used for cell isolation and delivery.
Decolonization and the French of Algeria: bringing the settler colony home

The title of her book notwithstanding, Sung-Eun Choi’s research and analysis in Decolonization and the French of Algeria: Bringing the Settler Colony Home extend beyond settlers to encompass the va...
Advances in chromatographic techniques for therapeutic drug monitoring.

For drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, therapeutic drug monitoring methods are essential for patient management. Although immunoassays are commercially available for many drugs and most laboratories use these assays for routine therapeutic monitoring, they have many limitations which hinder their efficacy. Providing practical guidelines for imp
Yield-driven minimum energy CMOS cell design

CMOS circuits operating near or below threshold offer the lowest energy per computation. Previous work reduces the total energy by using minimum sizing and lowering the voltage without concern for yield. To achieve better yield, the voltage or size must increase. The minimum energy point for minimum-sized NAND2 gates in a 65 nm process is 0.475 V consuming 0.0275 fJ/cycle with a gate failure rate of 2×10−4. However, to achieve a failure rate of 10−6, minimum energy is achieved by widening pMOS transistors by 50%, increasing total energy by 11.9%, which is 7.2% better than minimum width devices and higher voltage.
Does negative advertising affect giving behavior? Evidence from campaign contributions*

Abstract This paper contributes to a growing literature that explains why individuals contribute to political campaigns. We build a panel dataset that follows contributors from primary to general elections to quantify the persistence of giving in political contests. Those who gave to winning candidates in the primary were most likely to contribute again in the general election. Next, we use an instrumental variable strategy to document that within party negative advertising decreases the probability that individuals contribute to their preferred party in the general election, regardless of whether they initially contributed to a winning or losing primary candidate.
Outcomes of Lung Transplantation for Infants and Children with Genetic Disorders of Surfactant Metabolism.

Objective To compare outcomes of infants and children who underwent lung transplantation for genetic disorders of surfactant metabolism ( SFTPB , SFTPC , ABCA3 , and NKX2-1 ) over 2 epochs (1993-2003 and 2004-2015) at St Louis Children's Hospital. Study design We retrospectively reviewed clinical characteristics, mortality, and short- and long-term morbidities of infants (transplanted at 1 year; n = 16) and compared outcomes by age at transplantation (infants vs children) and by epoch of transplantation. Results Infants underwent transplantation more frequently for surfactant protein-B deficiency, whereas children underwent transplantation more frequently for SFTPC mutations. Both infants and children underwent transplantation for ABCA3 deficiency. Compared with children, infants experienced shorter times from listing to transplantation ( P = .014), were more likely to be mechanically ventilated at the time of transplantation ( P P = .021), and were more likely to have speech and motor delays ( P ≤ .0001). Despite advances in genetic diagnosis, immunosuppressive therapies, and supportive respiratory and nutritional therapies, mortality did not differ between infants and children ( P = .076) or between epochs. Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated that children transplanted in epoch 1 (1993-2003) were more likely to develop systemic hypertension ( P = .049) and less likely to develop post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder compared with children transplanted in epoch 2 (2004-2015) ( P = .051). Conclusion Post-lung transplantation morbidities and mortality remain substantial for infants and children with genetic disorders of surfactant metabolism.
Geotheorizing mountain–child relations within anthropogenic inheritances*

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on children’s relations with what is now known as Burnaby Mountain in British Columbia, Canada. In particular, it grapples with encounters with the mountain, atop which several childcare centres are located. The mountain, on unceded Indigenous Coast Salish territories, has become a contested site of colonial capitalist extraction due to a proposal to build a tar sands oil pipeline that would tunnel through the mountain. Sustained protest action emerged at the site amidst initiation of test borehole drilling activity by the pipeline company. In this paper, I engage with the potential of geotheorizing children’s relations as a critical response that interrupts dominant understandings of what is seen as appropriate for young children’s curriculum. I consider the effects of refiguring children’s subjectivities through geologic and geontological relations for the normalization and resistance of settler colonialism’s human-centric and extractive structurings.
Infectious complications associated with alemtuzumab treatment

13504 Introduction: We report our single institutional experience of ICs associated with alemtuzumab treatment. Methods: Patients (pts) who received alemtuzumab were identified by review of the GUH...
Compensatory control and ambiguity intolerance

Abstract When do people find ambiguity intolerable, and how might this manifest in the workplace where roles, guidelines and expectations can be made to be more or less ambiguous? Compensatory Control Theory (CCT; Kay, Gaucher, Napier, Callan, & Laurin, 2008) suggests a potential driver: perceived control. Recent CCT theory (Landau, Kay, & Whitson, 2015) has posited that people with chronically lower levels of perceived control may be especially likely to seek coherent and structured environments. Given that ambiguous workplace situations – such as flexible roles and titles, or loose guidelines and expectations – necessarily represent a lack of structure, these types of situations may therefore be especially aversive to those lower in perceived control. Four studies support this prediction. Specifically, we observe that low perceived control (both measured or manipulated) predicts greater ambiguity intolerance as well as greater negative attitudes towards ambiguous situations (Studies 1, 2 and 3), but not other types of problematic workplace situations (Study 1), and that this process can exert important downstream consequences, ranging from behavioral intentions to perceived self-efficacy (Study 4).
Interband coupling and nonmagnetic interband scattering in ± s superconductors

A two-band model with repulsive interband coupling and interband potential scattering is considered to elucidate their effects on material properties. In agreement with previous work, we find that the bands' order parameters ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{1,2}$ differ, and the larger is at the band with a smaller normal density of states (DOS), ${N}_{n2}l{N}_{n1}$. However, the bands' energy gaps, as determined by the energy dependence of the DOS, are equal due to scattering. For each temperature, the gaps become zero at a certain critical interband scattering rate; i.e., for strong enough scattering the model material becomes gapless. In the gapless state, the DOS at band 2 is close to the normal state value, whereas at band 1 it has a V shape with nonzero minimum. When the normal bands DOS are mismatched, ${N}_{n1}\ensuremath{\ne}{N}_{n2}$, the critical temperature ${T}_{c}$ is suppressed even in the absence of interband scattering, ${T}_{c}({N}_{n1})$ has a domelike shape. With increasing interband scattering, the London penetration depth at low temperatures evolves from being exponentially flat to a power law and even to near linear behavior in the gapless state, the latter being easily misinterpreted as caused by order parameter nodes.
How Consumers’ Pre-Crisis Associations and Attitude Certainty Impact Their Responses to Different Crises:

Through two experiments, this study examines how consumers with positive or negative associations in corporate ability (CA) versus social responsibility (CSR) respond to associated-based corporate ...
The next phase in the digital revolution: intelligent tools, platforms, growth, employment

Digital technology determines how (and even whether) people work as much as it determines how information produces economic activity.
Alliance across group treatment for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: The role of interpersonal trauma and treatment type

Objective Examine initial levels and pattern of change of alliance in group treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for veterans. Method One hundred and seventy-eight male veterans with PTSD were recruited for this study. Participants were randomly assigned to either group cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT) or to group present-centered therapy (GPCT). Alliance with fellow group members was assessed every other session throughout the group (total of seven assessments). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to determine whether treatment condition or index trauma type (interpersonal or non-interpersonal) impacted initial levels of alliance or change in alliance over time. Results Alliance increased significantly throughout treatment in both conditions. The presence of an interpersonal index event, compared to a non-interpersonal index event, did not significantly impact either initial levels of alliance or change in alliance over time. Participants in the GCBT condition experienced significantly greater growth in alliance over time compared to those in the GPCT condition (p > .05), but did not have significantly different initial alliance ratings. Conclusions The components and focus of the GCBT treatment may have facilitated more rapid bonding among members. Interpersonal traumatic experience did not negatively impact group alliance.
Flora Patterson: Ensuring That No Knowledge Is Ever Lost

Flora Patterson (1847–1928), the first woman mycologist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), developed the National Fungus Collection from a small collection to the largest of its kind in the world. During her decades of service at the USDA, she amassed over 90,000 specimens. Hired at the turn of the 20th century, she established a system for plant inspections and quarantine prior to the national Plant Quarantine Act of 1912. She and her team identified early specimens of several plant-pathogenic fungi, including those causing chestnut blight, potato wart disease, and white pine blister rust. She also published research on various plant pathogens, wrote mushroom guides, and identified mushrooms for the general public. Her work varied from testing methods for fumigating pineapples against postharvest rot to inspecting the gifted Japanese cherry trees sent to Washington, DC. Additionally, Patterson volunteered for multiple charitable and academic organizations in her community.
Application of ensemble learning to the differential gene expression in left-right breast tumors

Differential gene expression analysis is becoming an increasingly popular means of understanding the genetic basis of diseases leading to more informed drug design, improved diagnostics, and personalized medicine. However, the results of various differential gene expression packages vary significantly when applied to the same dataset. Diverging results leads to an ambiguity in the identification of the culprit gene or genes, which reduces the impact of differential gene expression studies. To resolve these ambiguities, an ensemble learning technique was deployed to combine the results of several approaches in order to achieve a more reliable set of differentially expressed genes. The method was then evaluated on a triple negative breast cancer dataset to uncover the differences between left and right breast tumors that lead to a diminished prognosis of right breast cancer versus left breast cancer. The ensemble analysis incorporated the most popular differential gene expression analyses, namely DESeq2, edgeR, baySeq and DSS. While each method readily produced a list of top 200 prominent genes, the pair-wise comparison of these lists produced Pearson coefficients ranging from 0.0009 to 0.639. An ensemble-analysis approach, on the other hand, resulted in a total of eight significant genes: IYD, CRISP3, MAGEB2, DHRS2, UPK1A, PRR4, PAEP and SSUH2. Of interest are CRISP3 and MAGEB2 due to their previously documented connection to various forms of cancer.
Hierarchy of Alternating Specialists for Scene Recognition

We introduce a method for improving convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for scene classification. We present a hierarchy of specialist networks, which disentangles the intra-class variation and inter-class similarity in a coarse to fine manner. Our key insight is that each subset within a class is often associated with different types of inter-class similarity. This suggests that existing network of experts approaches that organize classes into coarse categories are suboptimal. In contrast, we group images based on high-level appearance features rather than their class membership and dedicate a specialist model per group. In addition, we propose an alternating architecture with a global ordered- and a global orderless-representation to account for both the coarse layout of the scene and the transient objects. We demonstrate that it leads to better performance than using a single type of representation as well as the fused features. We also introduce a mini-batch soft k-means that allows end-to-end fine-tuning, as well as a novel routing function for assigning images to specialists. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves a significant improvement over baselines including the existing tree-structured CNNs with class-based grouping.
Children’s Parasocial Breakups With Media Characters From the Perspective of the Parent:

Children’s parasocial relationships (PSRs) with media characters end through a process called PSR breakups. An online parent report measure was used to describe preschool and school-aged children’s...
Refractory-Metal Diffusion Inhibitors Slow Erosion of Catalytic Metal Particles in the growth of Carbon Nanotubes

Catalytic growth of substantial amounts of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) to lengths greater than 1 – 2 cm is currently limited by several factors, including especially the deactivation of the catalyst particles due to erosion of catalyst atoms from the catalyst particles at elevated CNT growth temperatures. Inclusion of refractory metals in the CNT growth catalyst has recently been proposed as a method to prevent this catalytic particle erosion and deactivation, allowing the CNT to grow for greater times and reach substantially greater lengths. Here are presented results of recent investigations into this method. The system investigated employs Molybdenum as the erosion inhibitor and Iron as the CNT growth catalyst. Results show that inclusion of Mo leads to substantially longer catalyst particle lifetimes.
Prognosis of Patients with Normal Coronary Arteries at Middle Age

The value of coronary arteriography in separating the real from the imaginary patient with coronary artery disease was promptly established soon after coronary arteriography became widely accepted. It led to the possibility of “curing” with a mere diagnostic test at least one-fifth of all patients suspected of having coronary artery disease, while it offered the appropriately aggressive treatment to those most likely to benefit from it. However, the opportunity of stratifying patients according to the severity of their prognosis did not materialize as easily.