cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction of chemical consumption in semiconductor fabrication

A system to predict chemical consumption in semiconductor fabrication is presented. The model is a bottom-up approach based on the routes and the associated process steps. Consumptions are modeled as variable and fixed in order to enable the analysis of product mix and workload dependencies. Additionally it is shown how the huge amount of data needed to feed such a detailed model can be acquired and how the model is implemented in the 300mm fab of IBM in East Fishkill, NY.
A longitudinal study of early mother-infant interaction and later language competence

Twenty-four mother-infant dyads participated in a longitudinal study of interaction at 6 and 8 months and language competence at 17 and 24 months. Interaction was coded for mothers' use of verbal references to objects as following or redirecting and joint attention. Language competence was measured by the MacArthur CDI. Joint attention at 6 months was positively correlated with later language competence; no 8-month correlations were found. Surprisingly, maternal verbal redirections were positively correlated with joint attention at 6 and 8 months. These findings suggest that joint attention is important with respect to language at an earlier age than previously thought and that early joint attention is not frustrated by maternal redirection as is the case during second year interaction.
Value of Pre‐Hospital Discharge Defibrillation Testing in Recipients of Implanted Cardioverter Defibrillators

Opinions vary regarding the need to perform defibrillation testing prior to hospital discharge in recipients of state-of-the-art cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Our protocol is to perform predischarge ICD testing 1 day after implant. This report includes 682 consecutive implants. Adverse observations at testing were grouped into (1) risk of defibrillation failure, (2) surgical complications, (3) sensing/pacing issues or narrow defibrillation margin warranting closer follow-up, or (4) findings correctable by device reprogramming. Among the 682 patients, 63% had single-chamber and 37% dual-chamber or biventricular ICDs. In 48 patients (7%) there were 69 concerns and/or interventions, with overlaps among the four categories, including one failure to defibrillate (0.15%), and six other patients at risk. Surgical complications included 11 hematomas (1.6%), and six lead dysfunctions. Closer follow-up was indicated in 19 patients (2.7%), for high pacing thresholds in seven, sensing issues in seven, and <10 J defibrillation margin in five. Device reprogramming was needed in 31 patients (4.5%), for tachycardia detection and therapy settings in 12, and for pacing/sensing functions in 22 patients. In eight patients ventricular fibrillation could not be induced. There was no morbidity or mortality due to testing. The state-of-the-art ICDs delivering biphasic shocks are remarkably reliable. The routine pre-hospital discharge defibrillation testing of such ICDs may be optional and left to the physicians' discretion.
PARASITISM OF ASTERIONELLA FORMOSA HASS. BY A CHYTRID IN TWO LAKES OF THE RAWAH WILD AREA OF COLORADO1

The populations of Asterionella formosa Hass. in two subalpine lakes in the Rawah Wild Area, Colorado, were composed of colonies of five distinct size classes based on frustule length. The spring bloom in these two lakes was dominated by cells of the Beta or Gamma population, whereas the fall pulse was dominated by cells of the Alpha and Beta, or Alpha populations. The Beta population was physiologically unique in that it was parasitized by the chytrid Rhizophidium planktonicum Canter. The development of the parasite population could not be correlated with the concentration or the growth phase of the host population. The occurrrence of parasitism did not noticeiceably affect the population growth patterns of the Asterionella populations.
Optimization of high-performance monocentric lenses

The recent application of monocentric lenses for panoramic high-resolution digital imagers raises the question of the achievable performance limits of this lens structure and of techniques for design optimization to approach these limits. This paper defines the important regions of the design space of moderate complexity monocentric lenses and describes systematic and global optimization algorithms for the design of monocentric objective lenses of various focal lengths, apertures, and spectral bandwidths. We demonstrate the trade-off between spectral band, F-number and lens complexity, and provide design examples of monocentric lenses for specific applications.
A distributed adaptive sampling soluting using autonomous underwater vehicles

To achieve efficient and cost-effective sensing coverage of the vast under-sampled 3D aquatic volume, intelligent adaptive sampling strategies involving a team of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) endowed with underwater wireless communication capabilities become essential. Given a 3D field of interest to sample, the AUVs should coordinate to take measurements using minimal resources (time or energy) in order to reconstruct the field at an onshore station with admissible error. A novel distributed adaptive sampling solution that can minimize the sampling cost (in terms of time or energy expenditure) is proposed along with underwater acoustic communication protocols that facilitate the coordination of the vehicles. The proposed solution operates in two distinct phases in which it employs random compressive sensing (Phase I) and adaptive sampling (Phase II). Phase I captures the spatial distribution of the field of interest while Phase II tracks the temporal variation of the same. A distributed framework for multi-vehicle adaptive sampling that facilitates the movement of data between AUVs and enables compute intensive adaptive sampling algorithms is proposed. Simulation results on real data traces show that the proposed adaptive sampling solution significantly outperforms existing solutions in terms of reconstruction accuracy and energy expenditure.
Optimizing Change Request Scheduling in IT Service Management

Enterprises of today face the challenge of managing large, complex IT eco-systems consisting of software applications, servers, network routers, and other type of resources. Change management, especially scheduling of changes, is known to be one of the most challenging problems in managing IT operations. In this paper, we propose an optimization model for IT change scheduling that takes into account the constraints and cost factors typically encountered in a service provider environment. In particular, we formulate the model in a way that can be solved using standard mathematical programming techniques (i.e., mixed integer programming). This not only results in strictly optimal solutions, but also provides a scalable means for scheduling a large set of change requests with complex constraints. Furthermore, having a computational efficient optimization solution facilitates the study of the scheduling sensitivity with respect to parameter inaccuracy and leads to more robust change schedules. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in an IT change management example which is built using insights from a large service delivery account and over two hundred thousand change instances.
Computational and Experimental Advances in Drug Repositioning for Accelerated Therapeutic Stratification

Drug repositioning is an important component of therapeutic stratification in the precision medicine paradigm. Molecular profiling and more sophisticated analysis of longitudinal clinical data are refining definitions of human diseases, creating needs and opportunities to re-target or reposition approved drugs for alternative indications. Drug repositioning studies have demonstrated success in complex diseases requiring improved therapeutic interventions as well as orphan diseases without any known treatments. An increasing collection of available computational and experimental methods that leverage molecular and clinical data enable diverse drug repositioning strategies. Integration of translational bioinformatics resources, statistical methods, chemoinformatics tools and experimental techniques (including medicinal chemistry techniques) can enable the rapid application of drug repositioning on an increasingly broad scale. Efficient tools are now available for systematic drug-repositioning methods using large repositories of compounds with biological activities. Medicinal chemists along with other translational researchers can play a key role in various aspects of drug repositioning. In this review article, we briefly summarize the history of drug repositioning, explain concepts behind drug repositioning methods, discuss recent computational and experimental advances and highlight available open access resources for effective drug repositioning investigations. We also discuss recent approaches in utilizing electronic health record for outcome assessment of drug repositioning and future avenues of drug repositioning in the light of targeting disease comorbidities, underserved patient communities, individualized medicine and socioeconomic impact.
Development of Hydraulic-Electric Power Unit for Mobile Robots

Energetic autonomy of a hydraulic-based mobile robot requires a power source capable of both hydraulic and electrical power generation. The hydraulic power is used for locomotion and the electric power is used for the control computer, sensors and other peripherals. In addition, the power source must be lightweight and quiet. This study presents several designs of internal combustion engine-based power units. Each power unit is evaluated with a Ragone plot which shows its performance over a wide range of operation times. The best-performing design of the hydraulic-electric power units (HEPU), based upon the Ragone plot analysis, is described in detail. This HEPU produces constant pressure hydraulic power and constant voltage electric power. The pressure and voltage are controlled on board the power unit by a computer. A novel characteristic of this power unit is its cooling system in which hydraulic fluid is used to cool the engine cylinders. The prototype power unit weighs 27 kg and produces 2.3 kW (3.0 hp) hydraulic power at 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) and 220 W of electric power at 15 VDC.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Going to Camp Together: Lighting the Group Work Fire in a New Generation

This article describes the structure and process of Group Work Camp, an experiential training program sponsored by the International Association for Social Work with Groups (IASWG). The purpose of this 3-day event, which offers workshops and activities in a camp environment, is to transmit the skills, culture, and philosophy of social work with groups to students and new professionals. Camp also aims to connect participants to the group work community through interaction with skilled and enthusiastic professionals and educators. Participants live together as a large group and engage in ever-changing small groups. They learn primarily by experiencing group membership in the present moment, reflecting on this experience, and then discussing its implications. As the Chinese proverb says, “Tell me and I will forget. Show me and I will remember. Involve me and I will understand.” In the course of this experiential learning process participants develop strong connections with peers and mentors and become famili...
period-Regulated Feeding Behavior and TOR Signaling Modulate Survival of Infection.

Most metazoans undergo dynamic, circadian-regulated changes in behavior and physiology. Currently, it is unknown how circadian-regulated behavior impacts immunity against infection. Two broad categories of defense against bacterial infection are resistance, control of microbial growth, and tolerance, control of the pathogenic effects of infection. Our study of behaviorally arrhythmic Drosophila circadian period mutants identified a novel link between nutrient intake and tolerance of infection with B. cepacia, a bacterial pathogen of rising importance in hospital-acquired infections. We found that infection tolerance in wild-type animals is stimulated by acute exposure to dietary glucose and amino acids. Glucose-stimulated tolerance was induced by feeding or direct injection; injections revealed a narrow window for glucose-stimulated tolerance. In contrast, amino acids stimulated tolerance only when ingested. We investigated the role of a known amino-acid-sensing pathway, the TOR (Target of Rapamycin) pathway, in immunity. TORC1 is circadian regulated and inhibition of TORC1 decreased resistance, as in vertebrates. Surprisingly, inhibition of the less well-characterized TOR complex 2 (TORC2) dramatically increased survival, through both resistance and tolerance mechanisms. This work suggests that dietary intake on the day of infection by B. cepacia can make a significant difference in long-term survival. We further demonstrate that TOR signaling mediates both resistance and tolerance of infection and identify TORC2 as a novel potential therapeutic target for increasing survival of infection.
Effect of Antimicrobials Used in Regenerative Endodontic Procedures on 3-week-old Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm.

Abstract Introduction We evaluated the effect of various antimicrobials used in endodontic regeneration on a 3-week-old Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Methods E. faecalis biofilm was grown on standardized dentin samples for 3 weeks. Infected dentin samples were randomized into 8 experimental groups ( n = 8) and treated with calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH] 2 ), 500 mg/mL of double antibiotic paste (DAP, equal portions of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin), low dilutions of DAP (1 or 0.1 mg/mL loaded into a methylcellulose vehicle system), sterile saline, or placebo paste (only methylcellulose) for 7 days. The other experimental groups were treated with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) solutions for 5 minutes. After the assigned treatments, the bacterial biofilms were detached from dentin, spiral plated, and quantified using an automated counting machine. Permutation tests followed by Sidak post hoc multiple comparisons were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05). Results The infected dentin treated with 1.5% NaOCl or 500 mg/mL of DAP provided complete eradication of bacterial biofilm. Furthermore, the infected dentin treated with 2% CHX, Ca(OH) 2 , or 1 mg/mL of DAP had a comparable antibiofilm effect, but they were not able to completely eradicate bacterial biofilm. No significant difference in the antibiofilm effect was observed between 500 mg/mL of DAP, Ca(OH) 2 , 1.5% NaOCl, and 2% CHX. Conclusions At least 1 mg/mL of DAP in a methylcellulose vehicle system is required to eliminate a substantial amount of E. faecalis biofilm. Furthermore, the antibiofilm effects of 1.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX irrigation solutions were comparable with that of 500 mg/mL of DAP and Ca(OH) 2 .
Multiple Criteria Decision Support Software

We present an overview of the current state of multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) decision support software. Many approaches have been proposed in the literature to solve multiple criteria decision-making problems, and there is an abundance of software that implements these approaches. Much of the software is still quasi-experimental, developed by academic researchers to test specific algorithms or to solve a specific problem on an ad hoc basis.
National League of Cities v. Usery, and the Brief Revival of the Tenth Amendment

In the wake of the New Deal Court’s relaxation of constitutional restraints on congressional power, federalism virtually disappeared as an enforceable constitutional doctrine. With the expansion of federal powers increasingly eroding Tenth Amendment protections, the Court after 1937 and until the 1990s when the Rehnquist Court waged its so-called federalism revolution generally dismissed any challenge to the expansion of national authority. The chief exception to this pattern came in National League of Cities v. Usery, which is discussed in this brief Article. In Usery, the Court briefly revived the Tenth Amendment when it struck down the 1974 amendments to the Fair Labor Standards Act which extended federal wage and overtime requirements to most state and municipal employees.
Campaign Contributions in State Court Elections

While prior studies have evaluated candidate performance in gathering donations, this research asks which incentives (or disincentives) encourage or discourage individual contributors to donate money to down-ballot state supreme court election campaigns. Building upon existing theories of political fundraising and candidate success in state court elections, this study evaluates individual level contributions from 2000 through 2012 in states using judicial elections. This analysis anticipates that contributions from individuals vary by the design of elections, the electoral environment of states, and by features associated with specific races and the candidates participating in those elections. The results suggest that partisan versus nonpartisan designs of state court elections affect the ability of candidates to raise money, as does the number of judicial positions in a district and races affecting the position of chief justice position. Most important for this study, the results show the features of candidates, including those with the greatest probability of success, create differential capabilities for candidates to raise money. While electoral and institutional environments affect fundraising performance, yet are beyond the control of candidates, the characteristics of candidates including prior success and electoral performance are important determinants of a judicial candidate’s ability to raise money.
The Effect Of A Comprehensive Breast Screening Program On Self-Reported Mammography Use By Primary Care Physicians And Women In A Health Maintenance Organization

Background: Mammography use is increasing in the United States, but most women older than 50 years still are not being screened regularly. A multicomponent program, with components for women and physicians, was conducted to increase screening among women aged 50 to 74 years in an independent practice association (IPA)-model health maintenance organization (HMO). Methods: The participating women and physicians were surveyed in four waves to evaluate the program. We report on changes in mammography practices by both women and physicians between 1988 (preintervention year) and 1992 (postintervention year). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were calculated. Results: The proportion of responding HMO physicians who recommended annual mammograms for women aged 50 to 74 years increased by 16 percent from 1988 to 1992 compared with an increase of 10 percent for control group physicians (nonsignificant). There was a 30 percent increase from 1988 to 1992 in the proportion of HMO women respondents who reported having had a mammogram in the past year compared with a 19 percent increase among control group women. The difference between these differences was highly significant. The intervention had the strongest effect on women with incomes of less than $30,000. Conclusions: A multicomponent program in an IPA-model HMO resulted in significant increases in the proportion of HMO women who had mammograms. Similar approaches should be tested in other settings.
Close-Packed and Fibrillar Muscles of the Hymenoptera

Throe histological types of muscles are present in the Neuropteroidea: tubular, close-packed and fibrillar. The first type is found throughout the body while the last two are usually restricted to the flight mechanism. The flight muscles of Diptera, Coleoptera, Strepsiptera, and most Hymenoptera are fibrillar. Some species in each of the remaining neuropteroid orders and two genera of Hymenoptera, Sirex and Cephus , have the close-packed type. All the non-tubular muscles of the flight mechanism in 54 species of Hymenoptera were examined. In addition to the well-known indirect muscles of the mesothorax, a rich array of other muscles, both direct and indirect, were found to be fibrillar or close-packed. Almost one-fourth of the species had fibrillar muscles in both segments of the pterothorax and one-sixth had direct fibrillar muscles to the basalar sclerites of the mesothorax. Instances of reversals in the evolutionary sequence of muscle types are reported. The arrangements and histological types of muscles are believed to provide useful characters for higher classification in the order.
Three Dimensional Flow Around a Biomimetic Unbounded Flapping Cantilever

Macro-sized cantilevers oscillating in a fluid have been employed in applications ranging from thermal management to propulsion and represent a realistic tradeoff between full biomimicry and ease of fabrication. Surprisingly, the flow field generated upstream and downstream of the cantilever remains poorly understood. In order to properly control the resulting flow, further experimental and numerical studies are needed. From a two dimensional perspective, comprehensive analysis has been done, primarily through employing a single, very wide cantilever. However, many applications necessitate the usage of oscillating cantilevers whose oscillating amplitude is comparable to their width. As the region of analysis moves closer to a corner, where two edges of the slender cantilever meet, the flow becomes extremely three dimensional, rendering the two dimensional analysis tools less useful. The following paper seeks to further understand the highly three dimensional nature of the flow in addition to providing further insight into optimized flow control. Two perpendicular flow planes are analyzed in order to gather the x, y and z directional flow velocities using standard Particle Image Velocimetry measurements. It is shown that under certain circumstances, the resulting flow is atypical of what one would expect from a simple extrapolation from previous two dimensional flow analyses.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Effects of varying probability of a response-pause requirement on a regular reinforcement baseline

The bar-press response of two rats was maintained on a reinforcement schedule in which the probability (p) that a response-pause (“not-R”) requirement would follow any given reinforcement (SR) varied between zero (conventional “CRF”) and unity (conventional “DRL”). Both the interresponse-time (IRT) and postreinforcement-pause (PSRP) distributions were affected by this experimental variable. Recoverability of data was generally good at those p values tested but was markedly slow immediately following exposure top = 1.00.
44 AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER INDUCES MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION VIA MACROPHAGE-DEPENDENT TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR b TYPE I (ALK5) SIGNALING.

Rationale Increased levels of ambient particulate matter have been associated with increased pulmonary morbidity and mortality. To investigate if particulate matter induces airway remodeling, we studied the effects of particulate matter ( Methods Human fetal lung fibroblasts (IMR-90) were grown to subconfluence, serum-starved for 48 hours, and exposed to either TGF-b1 (2 ng/mL), DPM, or conditioned medium from human monocytic (THP-1) cells exposed to DPM. The role of TGF-b1 signaling was assessed by the addition of SB431542 (10 μM), a TGF-b type I (ALK5) receptor inhibitor. After 48 hours, cells were lysed and analyzed by immunoblot for a-smooth muscle actin (aSMA), a marker of myofibroblast differentiation. Results Direct exposure of IMR-90 cells to DPM did not increase aSMA expression. However, conditioned medium of THP-1 cells exposed to DPM induced increased aSMA expression in fibroblasts. This increase was blocked by the ALK5 inhibitor SB431542. Conclusions Ambient particulate matter triggers macrophage-dependent induction of myofibroblast differentiation via ALK5 receptor signaling. We speculate that particulate matter induces airway remodeling.
Incidence, complications, treatment, and outcome of ulcers of the upper gastrointestinal tract after renal transplantation during the cyclosporine era

Background Ulcers of the upper gastrointestinal tract after renal transplantation have been reported as a frequent and often lethal complication. Considering the continuous expansion of renal recipient criteria, we reviewed our experience with post-transplant ulcers after 1,034 renal transplants performed during the cyclosporine era. Study design Our retrospective study analyzed only endoscopy-proven ulcers of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum in 439 (42 percent) living related adult recipients and 595 (58 percent) cadaver or living unrelated adult recipients. For ulcer prophylaxis, only oral antacids were routinely given post-transplant. Results There were 41 ulcers in 33 patients (esophageal: n = 5, 12 percent; gastric: n = 17, 42 percent; duodenal: n = 19, 46 percent). Significant complications (n = 16) included 15 bleeding episodes and one perforation. The pathogenesis was viral in seven cases (gastric: n = 6, 15 percent; duodenal: n = 1, 2 percent). The ulcers occurred significantly earlier post-transplant in cadaver or living unrelated compared with living related recipients (median, 53 compared with 508 days, p = 0.02). Nonoperative treatment was successful for 96 percent of all ulcers. We found no ulcer-related mortality or graft loss. For living related recipients, the actuarial graft survival rate at three years was 69 percent for patients with ulcers compared with 86 percent for those without ulcers (p = 0.02); for cadaver or living unrelated recipients, it was 48 percent for patients with ulcers compared with 77 percent for those without ulcers (p = 0.9). For living related recipients, the actuarial patient survival rate at three years was 92 percent for patients with ulcers compared with 93 percent for those without ulcers (p = 0.8); for cadaver or living unrelated recipients, it was 59 percent for patients with ulcers compared with 88 percent for those without ulcers (p = 0.002). Conclusions With more specific immunosuppression and more effective antiviral therapy, the incidence of post-transplant ulcers is low. Considering the excellent results of nonoperative ulcer therapy and a zero percent ulcer-related mortality rate, renal transplantation is safe for patients with specific (e.g., ulcer history) as well as nonspecific (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) ulcer risk factors.
Complications of Appendectomy

Appendectomy is the most commonly performed emergency surgical procedure. The prevalence of appendicitis and the relative technical simplicity of appendectomy has led to an unfounded complacence in both the medical community and the general public regarding the gravity of appendicitis. Complications are common and occur in nearly 20 per cent of patients. The topics of perforation, wound infection, and a variety of abscesses receive a thorough investigation.
Relation of wrist angles to median nerve conduction studies.

OBJECTIVES To measure the changes in median nerve conduction parameters at various angles of wrist flexion and extension. DESIGN We studied 8 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and 4 subjects (5 hands) without the condition (controls). Conduction parameters were measured with the wrist in neutral position and at different wrist angles. RESULTS Onset motor latency increased in both groups with wrist extension and decreased with wrist flexion. Sensory onset latency decreased in both groups with wrist flexion. Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) amplitude increased with wrist flexion for both groups. Wrist extension resulted in reduction of the CMAP amplitude in controls; however, for the CTS group it increased for the first 30 degrees and then decreased. Sensory Nerve Action Potential (SNAP) amplitude increased with wrist flexion and decreased with wrist extension in both groups. CONCLUSION Median nerve conduction parameters improve with wrist flexion and generally worsen with extension.
On-site low voltage determination of zero sequence impedances for station auxiliary transformers

Many station auxiliary transformers (SATs) in service today were not tested for complete zero sequence impedance data prior to installation. It is impractical to send them to a testing facility, and on-site testing using standard methods is difficult to perform. While it has been customary to approximate the zero sequence impedances from positive sequence data, the need for accurate zero sequence impedance data has been increasingly felt, particularly for analysis of an unbalanced power system such as during an open-phase fault. This paper proposes a new method to determine the primary-tertiary zero sequence short-circuit impedance for SATs by conducting simple measurements on the low voltage side. This eliminates the need to perform high voltage winding tests required by standard methods and simplifies on-site determination of missing zero sequence data. The new test method was performed on an 18 MVA SAT destined for service in the TVA Sequoyah Nuclear Plant. When compared to standard test methods, the resultant zero sequence impedance agreed within 0.4% using an exact model, and 1.7% using an approximate model.
Imaging of Spinal Stenosis: Neurogenic Intermittent Claudication and Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

Spinal stenosis in either the cervical or lumbar spinal segments is one of the most common indications for spine imaging and intervention, particularly among the elderly. This article examines the pathophysiology and imaging of the corresponding clinical syndromes, cervical spondylotic myelopathy or neurogenic intermittent claudication. The specificity fault of spine imaging is readily evident in evaluation of spinal stenosis, as many patients with anatomic cervical or lumbar central canal narrowing are asymptomatic. Imaging also may be insensitive to dynamic lesions. Those imaging features that identify symptomatic patients, or predict response to interventions, are emphasized.
Glioblastoma Cell Motility: The Role of FAK and Cellular SRC

Understanding the signaling events that promote glioblastoma tumor cell motility is crucial, as invasion of these tumors into the normal brain contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality observed in patients with these tumors. Also, the molecular mechanisms that promote glioblastoma cell motility/migration likely also promote invasion. Here we discuss the role of two non-receptor tyrosine kinases, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and cellular Src, in promoting glioblastoma cell motility/migration. We discuss the activation of FAK, the elevated levels of FAK protein found in these tumors, the domains in FAK that are necessary for it to promote cell motility/migration, and studies dissecting FAK function in glioblastoma tumors. We also discuss data indicating Src family members have specific functions and the role of Lyn in promoting glioblastoma cell migration. FAK and cellular Src could be important new targets for glioblastoma therapy.
Personality Disorders and Health: Lessons Learned and Future Directions.

This special issue provides a glimpse into the multifaceted impact of personality and personality disorders on health, behavior, and well-being. Because the literature on personality, and particula...
The effects of continual disruption: technological resources supporting resilience in regions of conflict

Abstract: This chapter reports on an ongoing empirical study looking at how technology can enable resilience during continual disruption. We conducted 125 interviews with civilians from two countries who were living through war: (1) Iraqi citizens who experienced the current Gulf War beginning in March 2003; and (2) Israeli citizens who were living in Northern Israel during the Israel–Lebanon War that took place in August 2006. We describe how technology played a major role in enabling people to maintain work and social collaborations, continue education, travel, and obtain information in an otherwise chaotic environment.
A conservative, thermodynamically consistent numerical approach for low Mach number combustion. Part I: Single-level integration

We present a numerical approach for low Mach number combustion that conserves both mass and energy while remaining on the equation of state to a desired tolerance. We present both unconfined and co...
Activins and the receptor serine kinase superfamily.

Publisher Summary Inhibins and activins were discovered by virtue of their effects on the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary. Inhibin/activin subunits and their mRNAs have been detected in many tissues, including the ovary, testis, placenta, pituitary, central nervous system (CNS), adrenal, and bone marrow. Various tissues differ in the amounts of subunits, in the proportions of particular subunits, and in the processing of the precursors. It is possible that the proportions of subunits produced in a given cell determine the relative amounts of activin and inhibin generated. This chapter discusses the role of α2M in the delivery or clearance of inhibin and activin, similar to that proposed for the binding of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and a number of other growth factors by α2M and other high molecular weight binding protiens. The activin–follistatin complex is, in contrast, biologically inactive and this binding protein plays an important role in limiting exposure of cells to activin. The activin is the only member within the TGF-β superfamily that has a functional antagonist formed by a dimer with a common subunit. The development of gonadal tumors in transgenic mice bearing deletions of the inhibin α subunit and, therefore, unable to make inhibin illustrates the importance of constraining activin to the survival/health of the animal. The initial step in the action of activin is to bind to plasma membrane receptors. Activin binds with high affinity to at least two classes of membrane proteins with molecular masses of ∼50 and ∼70 kDa referred to as the Type I and Type II receptors.
Lives Lost: What Burial Vault Studies Reveal About Eighteenth-Century Identities

When a subterranean burial vault was discovered at the eighteenth-century Maryland residence Darnall’s Chance, an effort began to learn the identities and life histories of those inside the high-status crypt. Identification of the human remains as members of the residence’s first family, while inferred based on burial location, remained only conjectural. Sparse records provided little insight into the elite family’s morbidity, mortality, and mortuary practices. Prolonged and excruciating illnesses of two family members, as expressed by conditions in the bones, were undocumented in the written record, as were the births and deaths of infants and children. An interdisciplinary investigation spanning two decades incorporating archaeology, osteology, chemistry, genetics, genealogy, and history was required to identify the remains–some by name–and establish their biological relatedness. This bioarchaeological approach offers information that augments primary source documents related to the family while adding to the larger skeletal record of the eighteenth century. It also provides evidence for the prominence of Lettice Lee Wardrop Thomson Sim, household matriarch, in sustaining and caring for her family. These details expand on the historical framework of women’s roles in familial relationships in both life and death.
Algorithms for Entropy and Correntropy Adaptation with Applications to Linear Systems

This chapter develops several batch and online learning algorithms for the error entropy criterion (EEC) that are counterparts to the most widely used algorithms for the mean square error criterion (MSE). Because the chapter assumes knowledge of adaptive filter design, readers unfamiliar with this topic should seek a textbook such as [332] or [253] for a review of fundamentals. But the treatment does not require an in-depth knowledge of this field. The case studies in this chapter address only adaptation of linear systems, not because entropic costs are particularly useful for the linear model, but because the solutions for linear systems are well understood and performance comparisons can be easily drawn. This chapter also considers applications of fast evaluations of the IP using the fast Gauss transform and incomplete Cholesky decomposition, and ends with an application of the error correntropy criterion (ECC) to adaptive noise cancellation.
Performance Based Logistics für das APS137 Radar der P3-C Orion

Raytheon Company liefert seit den 60er Jahren alle Seeraumuberwachungsradare, die in den USA bei der amerikanischen Marine zum Einsatz kommen, so auch das im Rahmen des sogenannten AIP Upgrades ab Mitte der neunziger Jahre eingerustete APS137 Radar fur den Seeraumaufklarer P3-Orion. Das APS137 Radar war zum Zeitpunkt der ersten Einrustung in den USA ein neues System, sehr leistungsfahig, aber auch anspruchsvoll in der Handhabung. Es konnen damit hervorragende Ergebnisse in der Anwendung erreicht werden – vorausgesetzt, die damit betrauten Techniker sind gut ausgebildet. Im Einsatz bei der US Navy war dies in den Anfangsjahren nicht immer gegeben, und in Kombination mit einigen durchaus vorhandenen technischen Problemen hatte das Radar eine relativ hohe Ausfallrate. Die insgesamt unbefriedigende Situation fuhrte zu intensiven Gesprachen zwischen US Navy und Raytheon, um eine Losung und langfristige Verbesserung der Nutzbarkeit des Radars zu ermoglichen. Bereits nach kurzer Zeit war klar, dass ein ‚Performance Based Logistic‘ Programm die Losung der Probleme ermoglichen konnte. Mit der Bereitschaft der deutschen Marine, ein ‚Lebensweg-Ersatzteilpaket‘ zu beschaffen, wurde die logistische Grundlage geschaffen, ein ahnliches PBL-Programm zur Versorgung des Radars auch in Deutschland aufzubauen. Dieser Beitrag zeichnet den Abschluss des PBLVertrages nach, da es unseres Wissens der erste PBL-Vertrag uberhaupt war, der mit dem offentlich-rechtlichen Auftraggeber in Deutschland geschlossen wurde.
Interleukin-3–Induced Activation of the JAK/STAT Pathway Is Prolonged by Proteasome Inhibitors

One facet of cytokine receptor signaling involves the activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). STATs are rapidly activated via tyrosine phosphorylation by Janus kinase (JAK) family members and subsequently inactivated within a short period. We investigated the effect of proteasome inhibition on interleukin-3 (IL-3) activation of the JAK/STAT pathway following stimulation of Ba/F3 cells. Treatment of Ba/F3 cells with the proteasome inhibitor, N-acetyl-L-leucinyl-L-leucinyl-norleucinal (LLnL), led to stable tyrosine phosphorylation of the IL-3 receptor, beta common (betac), and STAT5 following stimulation. The effects of LLnL were not restricted to the JAK/STAT pathway, as Shc and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation were also prolonged in LLnL-treated cells. Further investigation showed these stable phosphorylation events were the result of prolonged activation of JAK2 and JAK1. These observations were confirmed using pharmacologic inhibitors. In the presence of LLnL, stable phosphorylation of STAT5 and betac was abrogated if the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, staurosporine, was added. The effect of staurosporine on STAT5 phosphorylation could be overcome if the phosphatase inhibitor, vanadate, was also added, suggesting phosphorylated STAT5 could be stabilized by phosphatase, but not by proteasome inhibition per se. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that proteasome-mediated protein degradation can modulate the activity of the JAK/STAT pathway by regulating the deactivation of JAK.
Empty Threats: How Extremist Organizations Bluff in Terrorist Campaigns

Why do extremist organizations issue terrorist bluffs? According to previous research, empty threats against civilians are likely to negatively influence assessments of groups’ strength and credibi...
Changing Nature of the Firm: Accounting reform and bureaucratization in the US railroad industry(Withdrawn by Author 4/2/12) (WITHDRAWN)

The American public accountancy profession emerged as a progressive response to managerial malfeasance and other forms of perceived wealth destruction in the late 19th century. While we know how th...
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Imagine a (hypothetical) screening test which, done in a population of average risk, saves one person from dying from cancer out of every 10,000 people screened. Imagine as well that every one of those 10,000 pays a price in terms of time and money spent, as well as discomfort, and that some or even many of them will also have to deal with increased anxiety, repeat testing, biopsies, and in a few cases, surgery. Finally, a few will have serious adverse effects like infection or organ failure.
Relationship between the Nature of Monovalent Cations and Charge Recombination in Metal Halide Perovskites

We report charge recombination rates in lead iodide perovskites with alloys of formamidinium (FA) and methylammonium (MA) cations, FAxMA1–xPbI3, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.9, prepared through ion exchange with mini...
Dance with a Robot: Encoder-Decoder Neural Network for Music-Dance Learning

This late-breaking report presents a method for learning sequential and temporal mapping between music and dance via the Sequence-to-Sequence (Seq2Seq) architecture. In this study, the Seq2Seq model comprises two parts: the encoder for processing the music inputs and the decoder for generating the output motion vectors. This model has the ability to accept music features and motion inputs from the user for human-robot interactive learning sessions, which outputs the motion patterns that teach the corrective movements to follow the moves from the expert dancer. Three different types of Seq2Seq models are compared in the results and applied to a simulation platform. This model will be applied in social interaction scenarios with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Practice patterns for neuroimaging and transfusion therapy for management of neurologic complications in sickle cell anemia: DISPLACE consortium.

Background Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) are at risk for neurologic complications (stroke and silent cerebral infarct). The 2014 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) guidelines for sickle cell disease include recommendations for initiation and maintenance of chronic red cell transfusion (CRCT) therapy for children with SCA at risk for or with ischemic stroke. The guidelines do not include well-delineated recommendations for cerebral imaging for stroke screening. The purpose of this study was to evaluate current stroke risk screening, prevention, and intervention practices amongst the Dissemination and Implementation of Stroke Prevention Looking at the Care Environment (DISPLACE) study sites. Procedure A survey was administered to DISPLACE site principal investigators to identify current stroke prevention practices relative to the Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) study protocols and the 2014 NHLBI guidelines. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and line-by-line analysis of comments. Results Sites consistently applied NHLBI recommendations to initiate CRCT for ischemic stroke and abnormal transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) results. Similarly, nearly all sites reported obtaining an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) following an abnormal TCD result. There was wide variation for other indications for MRI/MRA, frequency of MRI/MRA, and other neurological indications for initiating CRCT. Conclusions Guideline-based practices for preventing ischemic stroke through TCD and CRCT initiation were evident in nearly all sites. Wide variation in practices pertaining to MRI/MRA exists, potentially influenced by more recent stroke prevention trials. New guidelines from the American Society of Hematology were published in April 2020, which may reduce practice variation.
Yield of preoperative findings in pediatric airway foreign bodies - A meta-analysis.

Abstract Importance Foreign body (FB) aspiration into the airway is a significant cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality, yet the clinical presentation is diverse and dynamic. There are conflicting recommendations which pre-procedural findings support performing a bronchoscopy, the gold standard for diagnosis and removal of FBs, however a procedure that entails general anesthesia and possible risks. Objective Decision whether to proceed to a bronchoscopy may be challenging. Our goal was to enhance decision-making by analyzing the diagnostic values of the different pre-procedural findings in this setting. Data sources A comprehensive search was performed in PUBMED, EMBASE and Cochrane Review databases to find studies from the last 19 years that reported pre-procedural history, physical examination and radiological findings in patients who had bronchoscopies. Study selection Studies were included of pediatric populations if they contained bronchoscopy results (positive and negative for foreign body) with a breakdown according to pre-intervention findings. Data extraction and synthesis Titles and abstracts retrieved from our search were screened. Thereafter, full-texts were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion if the aforementioned criteria were met. PRISMA guidelines for systematic review and meta-analyses were followed. Main outcome(s) and measure(s) Cumulative weighted prevalence, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of each pre-procedural finding were calculated, as well as for the “classic triad” (history of an acute event, wheezing, and unilateral decreased breath sounds). Calculation for other combinations of findings, or optimally, constructing a weighted score based on all the findings for each specific patient were not possible to perform, as the specific data breakdown is rarely reported. Results Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria, totaling 5606 patients who underwent bronchoscopies. All studies but one were single center based and all except one were retrospective. No single finding has both positive and negative predictive values over 50%. The “classic triad” has 90% specificity, however only 35% sensitivity. Conclusions The data is very heterogeneous with regard to pre-procedural findings and how best to guide treatment according to them. This meta-analysis provides cumulative weighted metrics for each finding, to optimize decision-making for the individual patient. Future reporting of data should be enhanced, so that combinations of findings for a specific patient can be used to optimize management. Level of evidence: 4
Modelling the creative and professional self: The magazine profile as narrative of transition and transformation

The profile, a magazine feature article with a biographical dimension, serves not only to entertain but also to articulate the values and aspirations of communities formed around magazines. This is seen in special-interest magazines aimed at a readership united by an interest in a specific form of creative practice. To illustrate, this paper provides an overview of profiles from three Australian magazines for quilt-makers: _Down under quilts_, _Australian patchwork & quilting_ and _Australian quilters companion_. The paper draws on issues from 2010 to 2013 to identify recurring narrative features of the profile, which for readers shapes ‘the quilter’ archetypically and presents her many variations. The paper relates its findings to rhetorical theory on narrative, and comments on the significance of its findings in the context of the creative industries.