cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Americana Music Festivals: An Ethnographic Exploration of the Experiential Consumptionscape

Despite the growing popularity of music festivals, no studies have examined the consumption experience specifically within such contexts. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine Americana music festivals as a particular kind of experiential “consumptionscape” (Ger & Belk, 1996) whereby festivalgoers’ consumption of goods and services take place in a hedonic festival atmosphere crafted by festival organizers.
Functional Limitations in Adults Who Utilize Chiropractic or Osteopathic Manipulation in the United States: Analysis of the 2012 National Health Interview Survey.

Abstract Objectives The goals of this study were to identify self-reported differences in function, comorbidities, and medical service utilization among adults who reported using chiropractic and/or osteopathic manipulation in the 2012 National Health Interview Survey, and to compare these between older and younger adults. Methods We conducted a descriptive study of adults aged 18 or older who were included in the 2012 National Health Interview Survey and the Alternative Medicine Questionnaire. We included those who reported using chiropractic and/or osteopathic manipulation in the past 12 months. Responses were analyzed using SAS software. Weighted estimates were reported as percentages of chiropractic/osteopathic users overall and by age group ( Results Among the 8.5% of US adults who reported receiving manipulation, 97.6% saw chiropractors. Most adults were under age 65 (83.7%), female (56.6%), and white (85.1%). Except for sitting tolerance, functional limitations were significantly higher among older manipulation users compared with younger manipulation users (all P Conclusions Notable differences exist in functional limitations and comorbidities between older and younger chiropractic and osteopathic manipulation users. This information could inform clinical practice, education, and policy.
Evidence for increased use of the Society of Pediatric Anesthesia Critical Events Checklist in resource-limited environments: A retrospective observational study of app data.

BACKGROUND Electronic decision support tools in anesthesiology practice have great value, including the potential for mobile applications to simplify delivery of best-practice guidelines. AIMS We sought to combine demographics with usage information to elucidate important patterns in the rate of use of the Society of Pediatric Anesthesia Critical Events Checklist, as measured by in-app accesses of the checklist via the freely available anesthesia calculator app anesthesiologist. METHODS We performed a retrospective analytic observational case-control study using analytics and survey data collected from the app. Users of the app were classified on the basis of whether or not they had accessed the checklist. This classification was used to perform logistic regression against a number of independent variables, including frequency of app use, country income level, professional role, rating of app importance, length of time in practice, group size, practice model, community served, and primary practice environment. RESULTS Individual app users practicing in low- and middle-income countries have a significantly higher rate of Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Critical Events Checklist utilization as compared with high-income countries. Rural practitioners had higher utilization of the checklist. Practice size did not affect the utilization of the checklist. The checklist was used for both provider learning and for just-in-time patient care. CONCLUSION mHealth apps are invaluable resource in everyday clinical practice. Mobile app analytics and in-app survey data reveal variable penetration and applicability of such technology worldwide. mHealth apps may be particularly impactful in limited-resource areas, such as lower-income environments and rural communities.
Chloroplast genes in Chlamydomonas affecting organelle ribosomes

Six chloroplast gene mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii resistant to spectinomycin, erythromycin, or streptomycin have been assessed for antibiotic resistance of their chloroplast ribosomes. Four of these mutations clearly confer high levels of antibiotic resistance on the chloroplast ribosomes both in vivo and in vitro. Although one mutant resistant to streptomycin and one resistant to spectinomycin have chloroplast ribosomes as sensitive to antibiotics as those of wild type in vivo, these mutations can be shown to alter the wildtype sensitivity of chloroplast ribosomes in polynucleotide-directed amino acid incorporation in vitro. Genetic analysis of these six chloroplast mutants and three similar mutants (Sager, 1972), two of which have been shown to affect chloroplast ribosomes (Mets and Bogorad, 1972; Schlanger and Sager, 1974), indicates that in Chlamydomonas at least three chloroplast gene loci can affect streptomycin resistance of chloroplast ribosomes and that two can affect erythromycin resistance. The three spectinomycin-resistant mutants examined appear to be alleles at a single chloroplast gene locus, but may represent mutations at two different sites within the same gene.
A Tool for Formative Assessment and Learning in a Graphics Design Course: Adaptive Comparative Judgement

Improving graphics education may begin with understanding best practices for providing, receiving, and improving formative feedback. Challenges related to anonymity, efficiency, and validity in pee...
Strata of the state: Resource nationalism and vertical territory in Bolivia

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between resource nationalism, state territorialization, and geological knowledge production in Bolivia. Focusing on two historical moments of post-revolutionary state-building – post-Independence (1825) and post-National Revolution (1952) - I show how the subterranean was produced as vertical state territory not only in law but also through science. By charting this history, I argue that anti-Indigenous racism was historically built into resource nationalism through ongoing collaborations between earth scientists and various iterations of the Bolivian state. In the post-Independence era, French naturalist Alcide d’Orbigny was hired by the nascent Bolivian state to produce the country's first geological map. His writings, which ranged from the geological to the ethnological, conceptually grafted Indigenous peoples to the surface of the earth while representing the subterranean as empty save for natural resources. In the post-National Revolution era, d’Orbigny's work reemerged as influential when it was taken up by both political theorists and geologists. Through a close examination of works from these two eras, I show how the subsoil became the rationalized realm of the state. I further suggest that the contemporary tension between state-led resource extraction and Bolivia's “plurinational” constitution, which pluralizes the nation and ostensibly supports Indigenous autonomy, can be understood as a spatial tension between the subterranean, which is held in perpetuity by the state, and the surface, which can be owned privately or communally and imbued with place-specific meanings. Although resource nationalism might appear to be a progressive effort to redistribute resource wealth, capable of countering the neoliberal privatization of decades prior, such extractive projects threaten Indigenous territorial rights, compromising the purportedly decolonial goals of the Plurinational State.
Multi-rate Sampled-data Observer Design for Nonlinear Systems with Asynchronous and Delayed Measurements

In our previous work, we developed a multi-rate sampled-data observer design method in nonlinear systems with asynchronous sampling. In this article, possible measurement delays are accounted for in the multi-rate observer design. The proposed observer adopts an available multi-rate design in the time interval between two consecutive delayed measurements. A dead time compensation approach is developed to compensate for the effect of delay and update past estimates when a delayed measurement arrives. It is shown that stability of the multi-rate observer is preserved under nonconstant, arbitrarily large delays, in the absence of measurement errors. The proposed multirate multi-delay observer is applied to a gas-phase polyethylene reactor example and provides reliable estimates in the presence of nonuniform sampling and nonconstant delays.
Observing EeV neutrinos through Earth: GZK and the anomalous ANITA events

Tau neutrinos are unique cosmic messengers, especially at extreme energies. When they undergo a charged-current interaction, the short lifetime of the produced tau gives rise to secondary tau neutrinos that carry a significant fraction of the primary neutrino energy. Here we apply this effect, known as tau neutrino regeneration, to extremely high energy neutrinos passing through Earth. We find that for most column depths, with the exception of propagation through the core, Earth-traversing tau neutrinos emerge at c(PeV) energies. We use these secondaries to estimate the expected signal from cosmogenic fluxes at IceCube and find a non-negligible contribution to the astrophysical component above 1 PeV . We also constrain the anomalous ANITA observations via the accompanying secondaries expected at IceCube. We calculate that ANITA should see fewer than 10−7 events in the reported direction, regardless of assumed source energy spectrum, ruling out the possibility that these events are astrophysical in origin under Standard Model assumptions.
Measurement of Residual Stresses in Zircaloy Tubes

ABSTRACT Measurement of the residual stress distribution in the wall of Zircaloy 4(R) tubes produced by tube reducing (Pilger rolling) followed by a stress relief anneal reveals a large compressive circumferential stress and somewhat smaller compressive axial stress on the inner wall. Radial and shear stresses in the material are one to two orders of magnitude smaller than the axial and circumferential stresses. Annealing for one hour at 600 and 800 degrees C substantially reduces the level of stress in the tube wall, but the compressive stresses remain measurable after such anneals. The analysis of the data permitted determination of the principal axes of the residual stress distribution from which it was found that the principal axes of stress nearly coincide with the principal directions of the tube at high stress levels, but may deviate from this orientation at lower stress levels. The maximum effective stress level observed was near the yield stress of the material.
Lived Islam: Colloquial Religion in a Cosmopolitan Tradition

Does Islam make people violent? Does Islam make people peaceful? In this book, A. Kevin Reinhart demonstrates that such questions are misleading, because they assume that Islam is a monolithic essence and that Muslims are made the way they are by this monolith. He argues that Islam, like all religions, is complex and thus best understood through analogy with language: Islam has dialects, a set of features shared with other versions of Islam. It also has cosmopolitan elites who prescribe how Islam ought to be, even though these experts, depending on where they practice the religion, unconsciously reflect their own local dialects. Reinhart defines the distinctive features of Islam and investigates how modernity has created new conditions for the religion. Analyzing the similarities and differences between modern and pre-modern Islam, he clarifies the new and old in the religion as it is lived in the contemporary world.
Calf lengthening may improve knee recurvatum in specific children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

Abstract Purpose Knee hyperextension in stance is a difficult condition to treat in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). In children with passive knee hyperextension, the presence of...
Mechanistic insights into alkene chain growth reactions catalyzed by nickel active sites on ordered microporous and mesoporous supports

Alkene oligomerization on heterogeneous Ni-based catalysts has been studied for several decades, with recent attention focused on the preparation, structure and function of Ni active site motifs isolated within microporous and mesoporous supports, including zeolites and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). This mini-review focuses on the active site requirements and the microscopic kinetic and mechanistic details that become manifested macroscopically as activation and deactivation behavior during oligomerization catalysis and that determine measured reaction rates and selectivity among alkene isomer products. The preponderance of mechanistic evidence is consistent with the coordination–insertion (Cossee–Arlman) cycle for alkene oligomerization prevailing on heterogeneous Ni-exchanged zeolites and MOFs, even when external co-catalysts are not present, as they often are in homogeneous Ni-based oligomerization catalysis. Certain mechanistic features of the coordination–insertion route allow catalyst and active site design strategies to influence product selectivity. Our mini-review provides a critical discussion of reported alkene oligomerization data and the challenges in their measurement and interpretation and concludes with an outlook for future research opportunities to improve our kinetic and mechanistic understanding of alkene chain growth chemistries mediated by Ni-based porous catalysts.
The Leloir Cycle in Glioblastoma: Galactose Scavenging and Metabolic Remodeling

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) can use metabolic fuels other than glucose (Glc). The ability of GBM to use galactose (Gal) as a fuel via the Leloir pathway is investigated. Methods: Gene transcript data were accessed to determine the association between expression of genes of the Leloir pathway and patient outcomes. Growth studies were performed on five primary patient-derived GBM cultures using Glc-free media supplemented with Gal. The role of Glut3/Glut14 in sugar import was investigated using antibody inhibition of hexose transport. A specific inhibitor of GALK1 (Cpd36) was used to inhibit Gal catabolism. Gal metabolism was examined using proton, carbon and phosphorous NMR spectroscopy, with 13C-labeled Glc and Gal as tracers. Results: Data analysis from published databases revealed that elevated levels of mRNA transcripts of SLC2A3 (Glut3), SLC2A14 (Glut14) and key Leloir pathway enzymes correlate with poor patient outcomes. GBM cultures proliferated when grown solely on Gal in Glc-free media and switching Glc-grown GBM cells into Gal-enriched/Glc-free media produced elevated levels of Glut3 and/or Glut14 enzymes. The 13C NMR-based metabolic flux analysis demonstrated a fully functional Leloir pathway and elevated pentose phosphate pathway activity for efficient Gal metabolism in GBM cells. Conclusion: Expression of Glut3 and/or Glut14 together with the enzymes of the Leloir pathway allows GBM to transport and metabolize Gal at physiological glucose concentrations, providing GBM cells with an alternate energy source. The presence of this pathway in GBM and its selective targeting may provide new treatment strategies.
Confinement effects on the solvation structure of solvated alkaline metal cations in a single-digit 1T-MoS2 nanochannel: A first-principles study.

Confinement plays an important role in determining ion transport in porous materials, which, in turn, may influence the performance of many energy storage and desalination devices. In this work, we combined density functional theory (DFT) with an implicit solvation model and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) to investigate the effects of nanoconfinement on several solvated alkaline metal cations in a single-digit 1T-MoS2 nanochannel. Our DFT calculations with a solvation model indicated that cations with stronger hydration energy introduce a higher number of co-intercalated water molecules into the channel, consistent with early experimental observation obtained for MXene (2D transition metal carbide) channels. The predicted optimal water numbers for the cations were then used for AIMD simulations that explicitly include the effects of the solvent. When compared with the cations in bulk solution, our simulations showed that the hydration structure and coordination number (CN) of the solvated cations confined in the MoS2 channel can be significantly altered. We found that larger cations with weaker hydration energy (K+, Rb+, and Cs+) exhibited a distinctive CN decrease under confinement, while smaller cations (Li+ and Na+) retained a similar hydration shell as in the bulk solution. More specifically, the hydration shell of large cations (K+, Rb+, and Cs+) in MoS2 showed similar features of the coordination angle to the bulk, which suggests the partially broken hydration shell with no geometry change under confinement. Our simulations provided insights into the change of the hydration structure of alkaline metal cations under confinement, which may have important implications on their transport in the 1T-MoS2 channel.
Telemedicine for Gender-Affirming Medical and Surgical Care: A Systematic Review and Call-to-Action

Telemedicine has facilitated the delivery of affordable and accessible health care. However, little has been discussed about its use in gender-affirming care (GAC). Telemedicine has the potential t...
The Librarian’s Taboo: Negotiating Salaries

Many librarians carry the baggage of their industry when they negotiate salaries. For example, the vast majority of librarians are female; according to the Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003, 81.7 percent of librarians were women in 2002. While this does not justify the profession’s historically low salaries, it does help explain obstacles faced at the negotiating table. Enter Leigh S. Estabrook, former dean of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Graduate School of Library and Information Science. Estabrook provided a forum to discuss this difficult subject in her session, “Salary Negotiation Skills for Law Librarians,” at the 2004 AALL Annual Meeting. “We are more likely to talk about our private sex lives than our salaries,” Estabrook says. Citing secrecy as a factor in maintaining low salaries in the library profession, Estabrook urges librarians to openly discuss salaries. She views salary negotiations as a form of behavior that allows employers and potential employees to protect their dignity and assures us that her six negotiation rules also apply to other workplace situations.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels and polymorphisms

○ Objective.-To review the published evidence of a relationship between levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) or the 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene and the occurrence of venous thromboembolic disease. Methods.-Review of the medical literature using computerized databases and a review of secondary sources identified through bibliographies. Data Synthesis.-Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is an important inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system, so it is biologically plausible that elevated levels could suppress fibrinolysis and result in an increased risk of thrombosis. Several small studies reported associations between PAI-1 levels and venous thromboembolism, some of which appear to be familial. Problems with these studies include variations in PAI-1 plasma levels due to circadian changes and the acute phase response, as well as alterations due to common comorbid disease states. More recent investigations have focused on genetic polymorphisms, particularly the 4G/5G insertion/deletion in the promoter region, affecting transcription rates. The relation of 4G/5G to venous thrombosis has been investigated primarily in case-control studies, which have produced inconsistent findings. Most studies, however, have reported higher PAI-1 plasma levels in individuals with 4G/4G. Conclusions.-The evidence regarding the relationship between an elevated PAI-1 plasma level or PAI-1 genetic polymorphism and the risk of venous thromboembolism is conflicting. There is insufficient information to recommend use of PAI-1 levels or genotype in evaluating thrombophilia.
"As if" and the Surplus of Being in Ricoeur's Poetics

Based on the double character of “as if,” it is argued in this paper that “the surplus of meaning” turns out to be “the surplus of being,” which reveals a human being who interprets his or her own being and also acknowledges this being as be-ing at the same time. In this article, 1) the notion of “as if” is retrieved from Ricoeur’s early work in relation to the “poetics of being” aspired to by him. This leads us to 2) examine the relation between the “semantic surplus” and the “becoming of being.” 3) Addressing the problem of metaphorical reference, the key philosophical problem of poetics, is, therefore, inevitable. Only after this analysis will we 4) be able to consider whether there is a kind of “poetics of being” in the work of Paul Ricoeur.
A low-power current-mode clock distribution scheme for multi-GHz NoC-based SoCs

Performance of system-on-chips (SoC) is limited by rising delays and noise in buses and point-to-point interconnects. This also has a profound impact on the clock distribution network. Networks-on-chip (NoC) provides a regular communication fabric that helps to overcome these limitations. However, NoCs too will face bottlenecks in clocking beyond a few GHz in voltage mode clock signaling. This work presents a reliable quasisynchronous clock distribution scheme for NoCs that uses a single-ended current-mode clock signaling technique. Simulation results show the circuit to be reliable under process variations, and having an average of 11% improvement in delay and average power over other current mode schemes. Simulation results indicate acceptable performance up to 7.5GHz in 0.18//spl mu/m technology.
A mixed signal rotator/shifter for 8GHz Intel/spl reg/ Pentium/spl reg/ 4 integer core

A novel mixed signal 32-bit rotator/shifter circuit design enabling ultra-short latency Intel/spl reg/ Netburst/spl trade/ rotate and shift instructions is described. Compared to previous generation Intel/spl reg/ Pentium/spl reg/ 4 processor designs, this implementation cuts Rotate/Shift latency and throughput by 75% while adding significant frequency headroom. The circuit manufactured on Intel's 90nm process confirms a significant boost in integer performance.
Periodic Pattern Analysis under Affine Distortions Using Wallpaper Groups

In this paper, the mathematical theory of wallpaper groups is used to construct a computational tool for symmetry analysis of periodic patterns. Starting with a novel peak detection algorithm based on “regions of dominance”, an input periodic pattern can be automatically classified into one of the 17 wallpaper groups. The orbits of stabilizer subgroups within the group lead to a small set of candidate motifs that exhibit local symmetry consistent with the global symmetry of the entire pattern. We further consider affine distorted periodic patterns and show that each such pattern can be classified into a small set of symmetry groups that describe the patterns’ potential symmetries under affine transformation.
Scalable execution of legacy scientific codes

This paper presents Weaves, a language neutral framework for scalable execution of legacy parallel scientific codes. Weaves supports scalable threads of control and multiple namespaces with selective sharing of state within a single address space. We resort to two examples for illustration of different aspects of the framework and to stress the diversity of its application domains. The more expressive collaborating partial differential equation (PDE) solvers are used to exemplify developmental aspects, while freely available Sweep3D is used for performance results. We outline the framework in the context of shared memory systems, where its benefits are apparent. We also contrast Weaves against existing programming paradigms, present use cases, and outline its implementation. Preliminary performance tests show significant scalability over process-based implementations of Sweep3D.
Two examples from geophysical and astrophysical turbulence on modeling disparate scale interactions

Abstract Turbulent flows are ubiquitous, and as manifestations of one of the last outstanding unsolved problems of classical physics, they form today the focus of numerous investigations. In view of the very large number of modes that are excited, a variety of modeling techniques can be used in conjunction with state of the art numerical methods. A few of the issues that need to be addressed by models of turbulence, such as the presence of strong localized structures, the degree of nonlocality of nonlinear interactions, the slow return to isotropy and homogeneity, and the interactions between eddies and waves, are reviewed here; all implicate a large number of scales in interactions. Two specific modeling examples are given, one for waves and eddies in oceanic flows, and one for the generation of magnetic fields in planetary and stellar bodies, both using variants of Lagrangian-averaged methods. Finally, it is also argued that in order to understand geophysical turbulence, there is a strong need for combining modeling methods and sophisticated numerical techniques, such as high-accuracy adaptive mesh refinement.
Computational Refinement and Validation Protocol for Proteins with Large Variable Regions Applied to Model HIV Env Spike in CD4 and 17b Bound State.

Envelope glycoprotein gp120 of HIV-1 possesses several variable regions; their precise structure has been difficult to establish. We report a new model of gp120, in complex with antibodies CD4 and 17b, complete with its variable regions. The model was produced by a computational protocol that uses cryo-electron microscopy (EM) maps, atomic-resolution structures of the core, and information on binding interactions. Our model has excellent fit with EMD: 5020, is stereochemically and energetically favorable, and has the expected binding interfaces. Comparison of the ternary arrangement of the loops in this model with those bound to PGT122 and PGV04 suggested a possible motion of the V1V2 away from the CCR5 binding site and toward CD4. Our study also revealed that the CD4-bound state of the V1V2 loop is not optimal for gp120 bound with several neutralizing antibodies.
IL-12 Administered During Chlamydia psittaci Lung Infection in Mice Confers Immediate and Long-Term Protection and Reduces Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-2 Level and Neutrophil Infiltration in Lung Tissue

Protection against infections with the intracellular bacterium Chlamydia spp. requires Th1-polarized CD4+ T cell immunity. In BALB/c mouse lung infections, immediate innate and nascent Chlamydia-specific immune responses following intranasal inoculation of Chlamydia psittaci strain B577 were modulated by 7-day i.p. administration of murine rIL-12, the initiation cytokine for Th1 immunity. Treatment with IL-12 reduced the severity of chlamydial pneumonia, abolished mortality (37.5% in untreated mice), and significantly reduced numbers of chlamydial organisms in lungs. On day 4 after inoculation, the neutrophil:macrophage ratio in bronchointerstitial pneumonias was 1.96 in untreated mice and 0.51 in IL-12-treated mice. This immediate, IL-12-mediated shift in innate inflammatory phenotype was correlated with a significant reduction of lung concentrations of the neutrophil chemoattractant macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 (putative murine homologue of human IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and TNF-alpha; and a reduction in MIP-1alpha and IFN-gamma, at high-dose infection only, and IL-12-independent IL-10 levels. Chlamydia-specific Ab titers and Ig isotype ratios indicated an IL-12-dependent Th1 shift. Recall responses of IL-12-primed mice to secondary chlamydial lung infection eliminated chlamydiae more effectively and generated a lung cytokine profile conducive to perpetuation of the Th1 memory population. These data support the hypothesis that genetic differences in endogenous IL-12 production and response pathways could determine disease outcomes characterized by poor chlamydial clearance and a purulent inflammatory infiltrate vs effective elimination of chlamydiae in a macrophage-dominated response.
CP violation and flavor SU(3) breaking in D-meson decays

We carry out a systematic flavor SU(3) analysis of D-meson decays including the leading order symmetry breaking effects. We find that SU(3) breaking can easily account for the recent LHCb measurement of the difference in CP asymmetries in the decays of D0 into K+K− and π+π− mesons, once an enhancement mechanism, similar to the Δ=1/2 rule in neutral kaon decays is assumed. As a byproduct of the analysis, one can make predictions regarding the individual asymmetries in K+K−, π+π−, as well as the D0→π0π0 decay channels. Moreover, we find that the asymmetry in the decay D+→π+π0 vanishes in the leading approximation.
Highly selective hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis using a copper-doped porous metal oxide catalyst

A copper-doped porous metal oxide catalyst in combination with hydrogen shows selective and quantitative hydrogenolysis of benzyl ketones and aldehydes, and hydrogenation of alkenes. The approach provides an alternative to noble-metal catalysed reductions and stoichiometric Wolff-Kishner and Clemmensen methods.
Three phase interfacial heat transfer during the dissociation of propane hydrates

Abstract An experimental technique was developed to obtain measurements on the rate of heat transfer to a solid hydrate phase which decomposes into gas and liqu phases simultaneously. Since all the three phases are present, this phenomenon is termed three phase heat transfer. The results indicate that the rate of heat transfer is a power function of ΔT, which is the difference in temperature between the (warm) bulk hea
Adaptive Wireless Mesh Networks: Surviving Weather without Sensing It

Large-scale wireless mesh networks, like the ones used as cellular back-haul, operate under circumstances, where individual links are affected by weather conditions. Reliability requirements in wireless mesh networks necessitate the ability to reconfigure the network in the face of changing environmental conditions. In this paper, we present a predictive routing protocol for wireless mesh networks, which operate at millimeter-wave bands with directional links, that uses in-network parameter prediction to make the network adaptive, as opposed to using meteorological weather information from external sources, such as weather radars. We validate our approach through simulations based on real-world weather events, observed through a network of weather radars, and comparisons with approaches that do not make use of predictions but may use the link quality as a parameter in routing decision making. Our results show that our link quality-based predictive approach can achieve throughput performance that is almost 8% better than a link quality-based routing algorithm that does not use prediction for the real weather scenario we use for our simulations.
Localization of the cellular expression pattern of cdc25NEF and ras in the juvenile rat brain

In this report, we demonstrate that the brain-specific ras nucleotide-exchange factor, cdc25NEF-B, is expressed in specific neuronal populations in the juvenile rat brain. Because cdc25NEF-B likely regulates one or more of the vertebrate ras proteins, H-, K- and N-ras, we also examined their levels of expression and pattern of expression in the juvenile rat brain. We find cdc25NEF-B to be highly expressed in the hippocampus, some deep nuclei, neocortex, and the granule cell layer of the anterior lobules of the cerebellum. Our observations suggest a functional link between cdc25NEF-B and H-ras in a neuronal signal transduction pathway.
Investigation of UV matrix-assisted laser desorption fourier transform mass spectrometry for peptides

Analytical Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption can be used to enhance formation of [M + H](+), [M + Na](+), and [M + K)(+) ions from small peptides for Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS). In accord with laser desorption (LD) time-of-flight experiments, matrices such as nicotinic acid and 2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid exhibit strong enhancement effects (i.e., formation of abundant protonated and cationized molecules for the analyte with virtually no fragment ions) for 266 nm LD/FTMS, whereas pyrazinedicarboxylic acid provides no matrix enhancement at this wavelength. Both sinapinic acid and coumarin-120 provide strong matrix enhancement effects for the 355-nm LD of peptides. For the small peptides examined in this study, no significant differences in the abundance of fragment ions were observed between the 266- and 355-nm wavelengths. Matrix-assisted LD/FTMS is useful for the generation and characterization of ions corresponding to protonated and cationized molecules from virtually all biological compounds with molecular weights up to 2000. The lack of observation of biological ions with m/ z > 2500 may be related to inefficient trapping of these laser-desorbed ions or instrumental detection limitations of FTMS and is under further investigation.
A General Proof of Some Known Results of Independence Between Two Statistics

This article presents a general result proving independence of two statistics based on independent observations from a distribution belonging to a certain group related to the exponential family. It is based on moment-generating functions and unifies several independence results known in the literature. The results in this article will be suitable for presentation in a statistics theory course at the master's level.
High field magnetotransport and specific heat in YbAgCu4

The electrical resistivity (ρ{variant}) and magnetoresistance of polycrystalline YbAgCu4 have been measured at temperatures between 25 mK and 300 K, and at magnetic fields (B) up to 18 T. The magnetoresistance (ρ{variant}(B) - ρ{variant}(0))/ρ{variant}(0)) is positive at all temperatures below 200 K and reaches its maximum of 60% at 18 T and 25 mK. The field- and temperature-dependent resistivity does not scale in a simple way. The opposite sign of the magnetoresistance at ambient and high pressure can be explained qualitatively by crystal-field effects lifting the degeneracy of the J = 7 2 groundstate. The linear coefficient of the specific heat (γ) measured at fields up to 10 T shows a quadratic field dependence. We did not find a linear relation between γ2 and A, the T2-coefficient of the temperature-dependent resistivity, with the applied magnetic field as the implicit parameter. © 1995.
Conditional Demand Functions and Consumption Theory

Introduction, 60. — I. Conditional demand functions, 61. — II. Conditional demand functions and ordinary demand functions, 64. — III. A new decomposition of the cross price derivatives, 65. — IV. Consumer behavior under straight rationing, 70. — V. Hicksian aggregation, 74. — VI. The Le Chatelier Principle and beyond, 75.
Persistent postnatal transgene expression in both muscle and liver after fetal injection of recombinant adenovirus

Abstract Background/Purpose: Immune responses to both vector and transgene antigens have limited the efficacy of postnatal gene therapy. We hypothesize that the fetal period may offer immunologic and developmental advantages for successful gene therapy. In this study we examined the efficacy, persistence, and immunologic effects of recombinant adenovirus after intramuscular delivery into fetal mice. Methods: E1-deleted adenovirus (AdCMVlacZ) containing the β-galactosidase marker gene was used for injection. Fetal Balb/c mice (14 to 15 days' gestation) were injected with AdCMVlacZ in 10-μL volume in either the shoulder or hindlimb musculature. Animals were killed at 18 to 20 days' gestation and up to 4 months postnatally for analysis of transgene expression and adenoviral genome persistence. Results: Fetuses were injected with doses of AdCMVlacZ from 1 × 10 8 to 2 × 10 10 viral particles (n = 80). Optimal survival rate was 83% at 18 to 20 days' gestation and 55% at 4 weeks of age using a dose of 1 × 10 9 particles. Expression of β-galactosidasae at 18 to 20 days localized to multiple muscle groups surrounding the site of injection, as well as bone marrow stroma, liver, lung, and dorsal root ganglia. Persistent muscle and liver transgene expression was observed for as long as 16 and 8 weeks, respectively, after injection. The pattern of liver expression was confined to discrete foci of hepatocytes, which appeared to increase in size in older animals. No histological evidence of muscle or liver inflammation was observed at any time after injection. No neutralizing antibodies were observed postnatally. Conclusions: Our results confirm that gene therapy in the fetus may be advantageous. Distribution of vector in the fetus at the site of injection is clearly broader than in the adult setting. Furthermore, the absence of immune response and persistence of transgene expression suggests that fetal exposure to foreign transgene and vector antigens may induce tolerance. Although we have not proven genomic integration, the histological appearance of transgene expression in the liver supports this conclusion. By understanding the mechanisms that underlie persistent transgene expression, fetal gene therapy may become a feasible strategy for the treatment of fatal genetic diseases.
On the Laplacian Spectrum of (α, ω) -Graphs

We study the Laplacian spectrum of (?, ?)-graphs which play an important role in the theory of perfect graphs. The properties of the spectrum we found allow the establishment of some structural properties of (?, ?)-graphs. We describe, in particular, a class of graphs that are not subgraphs of (?, ?)-graphs.
Energy Spectra, Composition, and Other Properties of Ground-Level Events During Solar Cycle 23

We report spacecraft measurements of the energy spectra of solar protons and other solar energetic particle properties during the 16 Ground Level Events (GLEs) of Solar Cycle 23. The measurements were made by eight instruments on the ACE, GOES, SAMPEX, and STEREO spacecraft and extend from ∼0.1 to ∼500–700 MeV. All of the proton spectra exhibit spectral breaks at energies ranging from ∼2 to ∼46 MeV and all are well fit by a double power-law shape. A comparison of GLE events with a larger sample of other solar energetic particle (SEP) events shows that the typical spectral indices are harder in GLE events, with a mean slope of −3.18 at >40 MeV/nuc. In the energy range 45 to 80 MeV/nucleon about ∼50 % of GLE events have properties in common with impulsive ^(3)He-rich SEP events, including enrichments in Ne/O, Fe/O, ^(22)Ne/^(20)Ne, and elevated mean charge states of Fe. These ^(3)He-rich events contribute to the seed population accelerated by CME-driven shocks. An analysis is presented of whether highly-ionized Fe ions observed in five events could be due to electron stripping during shock acceleration in the low corona. Making use of stripping calculations by others and a coronal density model, we can account for events with mean Fe charge states of ≈+20 if the acceleration starts at ∼1.24–1.6 solar radii, consistent with recent comparisons of CME trajectories and type-II radio bursts. In addition, we suggest that gradual stripping of remnant ions from earlier large SEP events may also contribute a highly-ionized suprathermal seed population. We also discuss how observed SEP spectral slopes relate to the energetics of particle acceleration in GLE and other large SEP events.
Sensation seeking and impulsivity: combined associations with risky sexual behavior in a large sample of young adults.

Although prior studies have shown that sensation seeking and impulsive decision-making are related to sexual risk-taking, it is still unclear whether these personality traits operate independently or synergistically. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the joint contribution of these personality traits to HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk behaviors using data from a large sample of sexually active young adults (N = 2,386). Regression modeling indicated that both sensation seeking and impulsive decision-making were consistently associated with sexual risk behaviors across 11 risk-related outcomes. Results further indicated that sensation seeking and impulsive decision-making operated synergistically with respect to the outcome variables of sex acts using drugs, acts with a partner using alcohol, and acts with a partner using drugs. In contrast to this, sensation seeking and impulsive decision-making operated independently with respect to the other sexual risk outcomes. Theoretical impl...
Angiotensin-II Receptor Subtypes in Fetal Tissues of the Rat: Autoradiography, Guanine Nucleotide Sensitivity, and Association with Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis

Quantitative autoradiography revealed large numbers of angiotensin-II (AT) receptors in the 18-day-old rat embryo. The selective AT-1 antagonist DuP 753 readily competed for AT receptors in liver, lung parenchyma, and choroid plexus, and these receptors are classified as AT-1 receptors. The selective AT-2 displacers CGP 42112 A and/or PD 123177 competed with high affinity with AT bound to most receptors located in skeletal muscle, skin, diaphragm, bronchi, and stomach, and these receptors are classified as AT-2 receptors. The amount of AT-2 receptors in fetal tissues was more than 10-fold higher than that of AT-1 receptors. In skeletal muscle and skin, DuP 753 competed with AT in the presence of 107 M CGP 42112 A, indicating the presence of small numbers of AT-1 receptors. In liver and lung parenchyma, binding to AT-1 receptors was sensitive to guanine nucleotides. AT binding to AT-2 receptors in fetal skin and skeletal muscle was insensitive to guanine nucleotides. AT stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolys...
Modeling interfacial charge transport of quantum dots using cyclic voltammetry

Quantum dot applications are numerous and range from photovoltaic devices and lasers, to bio labeling. Complexities in the electronic band structure of quantum dots create the necessity for analysis techniques that can accurately and reproducibly provide their absolute band energies. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is a novel candidate for these studies and has the potential to become a useful tool in engineering new nanocrystal technology, by providing information necessary for predicting and modeling interfacial charge transfer to and from quantum dots. Advancing from previous reports of nanocrystal CV, a carbon paste electrode was utilized in an attempt to increase measured current by ensuring intimate contact between nanocrystals and the electrode. Our goal was to investigate band energies and model nanocrystal-molecule electron transfer systems.
Comparison of High Field Characteristics of SiO2 and AIN Gate Insulators in 6H SiC MOS Capacitors

Using a fast ramp response technique, the high field characteristics, specifically the breakdown strength, of thermally grown silicon-dioxide (SiO2) and MOCVD grown aluminum-nitride (AIN), on n-type 6H-SiC epilayers is obtained as a function of three different processing conditions for the insulator growth. Significant improvement in the breakdown strength of thermally grown SiO2 after a 30 minute post annealing at 400°C in nitrogen ambient is reported. Further, the influence of temperature profile during the AIN growth on the breakdown strength is reported.
Designing a pilot-scale experiment for the production of natural gas hydrates and sequestration of CO2 in class 1 hydrate accumulations

Abstract Vast accumulations of methane hydrates have been found in suboceanic deposits and beneath the arctic permafrost. Because of the large volumetric storage densities, clathrate hydrates on the deep ocean floor have been suggested as a sequestration option for CO 2 . Alternatively, CO 2 hydrates can be formed in the geologic settings of naturally occurring accumulations of methane hydrates. This paper describes the design (via numerical simulation) of a pilot-scale demonstration test of the CO 2 exchange production and sequestration technology for a geologic setting beneath the arctic permafrost, involving a gas-hydrate interval overlying a free-gas interval (i.e., Class 1 Hydrate Accumulation).
Mass transfer limitations in gel beads containing growing immobilized cells.

Immobilized-cell aggregates have traditionally been approximated as effective continua within which the catalytic activity of the cells is homogeneously distributed. Chang & Park (1985) , however, recently modelled the immobilized cells as discrete inclusions within a support matrix. With some modification, this theory is applicable to the analysis of microbial colonies growing within gel beads, and indicates that predictions obtained using the traditional approach may be significantly in error.
Widespread Impact of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay on the Yeast Intronome

Summary Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) eliminates transcripts carrying premature translation termination codons, but the role of NMD on yeast unspliced pre-mRNA degradation is controversial. Using tiling arrays, we show that many unspliced yeast pre-mRNAs accumulate in strains mutated for the NMD component Upf1p and the exonuclease Xrn1p. Intron identity and suboptimal splicing signals resulting in weak splicing were found to be important determinants in NMD targeting. In the absence of functional NMD, unspliced precursors accumulate in the cytoplasm, possibly in P-bodies. NMD can also complement RNase III-mediated nuclear degradation of unspliced RPS22B pre-mRNAs, degrades most unspliced precursors generated by a 5′ splice site mutation in RPS10B , and limits RPS29B unspliced precursors accumulation during amino acid starvation. These results show that NMD has a wider impact than previously thought on the degradation of yeast-unspliced transcripts and plays an important role in discarding precursors of regulated or suboptimally spliced transcripts.
The Primary Process in the Photolysis of Hexafluoroacetone Vapour. I. Photodecomposition Studies

An investigation has been made of the effect of ketone concentration, of temperature, of the wavelength of the exciting light and of the concentration of an inert addend on the quantum yield for the decomposition of hexafluoroacetone vapour. All data were obtained in an apparatus free of mercury vapour. General trends shown by the data are those predicted by the mechanism offered. In particular the value of the quantum yield extrapolated to infinite concentration of ketone depends only on the temperature and not on the wavelength of excitation. The data will be discussed further in part V.