cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study on Control Strategy of Grid-friendly Distributed Energy Resources Based on Hybrid Storage System

This paper proposed a novel control strategy of distributed energy resources(DR)comprised of distributed intermittent renewable energy generation,high energy density storage system-lithium battery(LB)and high power density storage system-super capacitor(SC).The proposed control strategy of DR comprises two control loops:coordinated control of dc-link system and adaptive control of AC converter.In this paper,first,coordinated control of dc-link system is introduced,a novel dc link voltagezone controland a unified multi-mode control model are adopted to realize stable dc-link voltage and smoothly transfer between multi operationmodes,meanwhile the charging/discharging of LB is optimized.Second,theadaptive control of ac converter based on voltage source converter(VSC)droop control is introduced,virtual impedance and re-synchronous control are adopted to enhance the grid adaptability of DR.Finally,the performance of the proposed control strategy is verified by digital time-domain simulation studies in PSCAD/EMTDC software environment.
Developing a tool for assessing competency in root cause analysis.

Article-at-a-Glance Background Root cause analysis (RCA) is a tool for identifying the key cause(s) contributing to a sentinel event or near miss. Although training in RCA is gaining popularity in medical education, there is no published literature on valid or reliable methods for assessing competency in the same. Methods A tool for assessing competency in RCA was pilot tested as part of an eight-station Objective Structured Clinical Examination that was conducted at the completion of a three-week quality improvement (QI) curriculum for the Mayo Clinic Preventive Medicine and Endocrinology fellowship programs. As part of the curriculum, fellows completed a QI project to enhance physician communication of the diagnosis and treatment plan at the end of a patient visit. They had a didactic session on RCA, followed by process mapping of the information flow at the project clinic, after which fellows conducted an actual RCA using the Ishikawa fishbone diagram. For the RCA competency assessment, fellows performed an RCA regarding a scenario describing an adverse medication event and provided possible solutions to prevent such errors in the future. Results All faculty strongly agreed or agreed that they were able to accurately assess competency in RCA using the tool. Interrater reliability for the global competency rating and checklist scoring were 0.96 and 0.85, respectively. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.76. Six of eight of the fellows found the difficulty level of the test to be optimal. Discussion Assessment methods must accompany education programs to ensure that graduates are competent in QI methodologies and are able to apply them effectively in the workplace. The RCA assessment tool was found to be a valid, reliable, feasible, and acceptable method for assessing competency in RCA. Further research is needed to examine its predictive validity and generalizability.
Past, Present, and Future of Psychiatry: Personal Reflections:

Objectif: Examiner l'histoire de la psychiatrie en Amerique du Nord depuis un demi-siecle d'apres l'experience personnelle de l'auteur et evaluer les perspectives d'avenir de cette science. Methode : Un examen de la litterature pertinente, un rappel de souvenirs accumules au fil d'une longue carriere en enseignement et une analyse des tendances. Resultats : Le pendule de la theorie psychiatrique continue d'osciller entre ses poles psychologique et biologique : les forces economiques actuelles le poussant vers une biologie reductionniste. En bout de ligne, les progres tres considerables de la base des connaissances psychosociales et neurobiologiques dans notre domaine se traduiront par un rendement important sur le plan des soins aux patients lorsque seront leves les controles restrictifs sur l'application de cette base a la prestation des services. Conclusion : L 'avenir de la recherche en sciences fondamentales de la psychiatrie est plus prometteur que jamais. La rapidite des progres sera fonction des ressources que la societe accepte de consacrer a la recherche en sante mentale. Le pronostic de la traduction des nouveaux resultats en pratique clinique dependra de la capacite des professionnels de mobiliser le soutien de la population en faveur des malades mentaux.
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of a Universal Nursing-Run Intravenous Insulin Guideline

Article-at-a-Glance Background Despite the plethora of data in the critical care setting, there are few studies to guide clinicians in the hospitalwide care of patients with hyperglycemia. Methods Patients 18 years of age and older who had a discharge diagnosis code for diabetes were admitted between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2010, and received an insulin infusion for any reason were included in the analysis. Patients were receiving noncritical care or cardiac care (with interchangeable critical and noncritical care capacity). The effect of an insulin infusion guideline introduced in 2006 with a target glucose of 5.6–8.3mmol/L was measured. Hyperglycemic (> 11.1mmol/L) and hypoglycemic ( Results After adjusting for age, gender, race, and nutrition, there was a significant decrease in time to first glucose p = .01) and hyperglycemia ( p Conclusions Following the hospitalwide implementation of a nursing-run insulin infusion guideline, rapid, stable reduction in hyperglycemia was achieved in cardiac beds (having interchangeable ICU and non-ICU status), and the frequency of hypoglycemia steadily decreased over time in both cardiac and noncardiac beds. Oral intake and enteral feeding were associated with worse glycemic control.
‘Logic of the Soul’: Marriage and Maximum Self in The Rainbow

Lawrence’s letters during a confident stage in his composition of The Rainbow and The Lost Girl, in which he claims that his work is ‘not a bit visualized’ and ‘really a stratum deeper’ than the fiction of other novelists, suggest the importance of focusing on the internal emotional life of his characters.1 In his many comments on the fiction of this period, no evidence exists of an attempt to duplicate the pictorial documentations of England such as those in Sons and Lovers. Critics generally recognize the focus on emotional life in The Rainbow and properly relate it to that novel’s concern with habits of love and courtship through three generations. Yet relatively little attention has been drawn to the significance of such repetitive domestic struggles. Similarly, there has been insufficient discussion of the seminal theme of marriage in The Rainbow, a theme that Lawrence uses as a form of visionary ligature to integrate the pattern of repetition and to provide the doctrinal insistence so important to him.2
Violence in International Relations

It is difficult to say whether international violence is more prevalent at the present than at other times. A recent tally of world conflict shows more than forty wars of one type or another, involving more than forty nations, or nearly one quarter of the nations of the world.1 Since the end of the Second World War, the toll of human life resulting from conflicts of this sort has run to the tens of millions, with more injury and destruction of property than can be counted.2 In addition, small-scale assaults on innocent persons, so-called acts of terror, seem a daily occurrence. While the toll of human life lost in these attacks is comparatively small, far less than caused by automobiles, alcohol or the other ills of modern life, its psychological impact is substantial. The threat of terrorist assault appears to weigh more heavily than the acts themselves. This threat is minor, however, in comparison with the different and more permanent threat of nuclear warfare. Other periods of human history may equal the present in violence, but the great burden of contemporary life is the overwhelming nuclear threat and the way it spills out and charges actual conflict.
Upper Bound of Pier Scour in Laboratory and Field Data

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, conducted several field investigations of pier scour in South Carolina and used the data to develop envelope curves defining the upper bound of pier scour. To expand on this previous work, an additional cooperative investigation was initiated to combine the South Carolina data with pier scour data from other sources and to evaluate upper-bound relations with this larger data set. To facilitate this analysis, 569 laboratory and 1,858 field measurements of pier scour were compiled to form the 2014 USGS Pier Scour Database. This extensive database was used to develop an envelope curve for the potential maximum pier scour depth encompassing the laboratory and field data. The envelope curve provides a simple but useful tool for assessing the potential maximum pier scour depth for effective pier widths of about 30 ft or less.
Physically touching virtual objects using tactile augmentation enhances the realism of virtual environments

The study explored the impact of physically touching a virtual object on how realistic the VE seems to the user. Subjects in a "no touch" group picked up a 3D virtual image of a kitchen plate in a VE, using a traditional 3D wand. "See and touch" subjects physically picked up a virtual plate possessing solidity and weight, using a mixed-reality force feedback technique. Afterwards, subjects made predictions about the properties of other virtual objects they saw but did not interact with in the VE. "See and touch" subjects predicted these objects would be more solid, heavier, and more likely to obey gravity than the "no touch" group. Results provide converging evidence for the value of adding physical qualities to virtual objects. The study first empirically demonstrates the effectiveness of mixed reality as a simple, safe, inexpensive technique for adding physical texture and force feedback cues to virtual objects with large freedom of motion. Examples of practical applications are discussed.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): An essential nutrient and a nutraceutical for brain health and diseases

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) enriched in phospholipids in the brain and retina, is known to play multi-functional roles in brain health and diseases. While arachidonic acid (AA) is released from membrane phospholipids by cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), DHA is linked to action of the Ca2+-independent iPLA2. DHA undergoes enzymatic conversion by 15-lipoxygenase (Alox 15) to form oxylipins including resolvins and neuroprotectins, which are powerful lipid mediators. DHA can also undergo non-enzymatic conversion by reacting with oxygen free radicals (ROS), which cause the production of 4-hydoxyhexenal (4-HHE), an aldehyde derivative which can form adducts with DNA, proteins and lipids. In studies with both animal models and humans, there is evidence that inadequate intake of maternal n-3 PUFA may lead to aberrant development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). What is less certain is whether consumption of n-3 PUFA is important in maintaining brain health throughout one's life span. Evidence mostly from non-human studies suggests that DHA intake above normal nutritional requirements might modify the risk/course of a number of diseases of the brain. This concept has fueled much of the present interest in DHA research, in particular, in attempts to delineate mechanisms whereby DHA may serve as a nutraceutical and confer neuroprotective effects. Current studies have revealed ability for the oxylipins to regulation of cell redox homeostasis through the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/Antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) anti-oxidant pathway, and impact signaling pathways associated with neurotransmitters, and modulation of neuronal functions involving brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). This review is aimed at describing recent studies elaborating these mechanisms with special regard to aging and Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, traumatic brain injury, and stroke.
63 – Venous Thromboembolism

Clinical diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is unreliable. DVT often occurs in the absence of symptoms. Conversely, when symptoms do occur, DVT frequently is not the cause. The condition occurs most frequently in the legs, but occurrences in the arms are increasing because of the increased use in the hospital of subclavian catheters that can result in local clot formation. The most reliable diagnostic test for DVT, ascending contrast venography, is invasive and its use is limited. Noninvasive tests, which include impedance plethysmography and doppler ultrasound, have poor sensitivity for deep calf thrombi. Imprecision in diagnostic criteria may account for varying estimates of incidence rates across studies. Conditions or procedures that lead to stasis, such as surgery requiring general anesthesia, prolonged bed rest, major surgery to the lower extremities, and fractures and injuries to the lower extremities are associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis. Prolonged immobilization of the legs, such as that during long plane flights, is a risk factor even in healthy persons. Obesity is also associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism, possibly because of increased stasis.
Influence of Sewered Versus Septic Systems on Watershed Exports of E . coli

Elevated bacteria concentrations have led to the impairment (e.g., closures of shellfisheries and recreational beaches) of coastal waters. Although many previous studies have suggested that wastewater inputs can lead to elevated fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations in surface waters, few studies have quantified wastewater-associated FIB exports at the watershed scale. The goal of this study was to estimate bacterial exports at the watershed scale based on wastewater management approach (septic vs. sewer). Six watersheds (three exclusively on septic and three exclusively served by a sewer system) were selected for water quality assessment and comparison. Streams were monitored approximately monthly from August 2011 to June 2012 during baseflow conditions. Additionally, three storms were monitored. Samples were collected in sterile 100-mL bottles and analyzed for Escherichia coli concentrations. Discharge from streams was measured and bacterial exports were estimated by multiplying discharge by E. coli concentration. The results revealed that (1) during baseflow conditions, septic watersheds contained elevated stream discharge and E. coli concentrations and exports as compared to sewer watersheds; (2) warmer months had elevated E. coli watershed exports compared to colder months in both septic and sewer watersheds; and (3) storms significantly increased watershed E. coli exports in both septic and sewer watersheds. Storms significantly increased watershed E. coli exports in both septic and sewered watersheds, but E. coli counts in sewered watersheds were considerably greater likely due to greater impervious surface coverage and or leaky sewer infrastructure. These findings in conjunction with previous studies suggest that septic systems may play a pivotal role in the delivery of FIB to receiving waters, particularly during baseflow conditions.
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and ribociclib, an oral inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK 4/6), for patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer: Phase 1b clinical trial.

TPS1106Background: Despite the availability of multiple effective therapies, most patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer will experience disease progression and death. While tradition...
TAYLOR'S CONTRIBUTION TO COST ACCOUNTING, A REPLY

We respond to those issues that M. C. Wells raised in his comments on our article. We found that his comments on the association of scientific management and cost accounting, and on Taylor's historical role in cost accounting were debatable, and his discussion of the first modern book on cost accounting was inconclusive.
Chapter 3 By Choice or By Chance: Longitudinal Perspectives on Resilience and Vulnerability in Adoptive and Birth Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities

Abstract We studied adoptive and birth mothers and fathers of children with developmental disabilities longitudinally for 18 years to examine factors that relate to resilience and vulnerability in parental initial and long-term adjustment. For the most part, birth parents, especially fathers, did not differ in long-term adjustment from adoptive parents who willingly made the decision to rear children with developmental disabilities. We concluded, therefore, that the results are more consistent with a model of crisis and recovery than with one of chronic sorrow. We found that parental personality characteristics, especially Neuroticism, which encompasses emotional stability/instability, are predictive of long-term adjustment and recommended that they should be included in models of resilience and vulnerability.
The marketing analytics orientation (MAO) of firms: identifying factors that create highly analytical marketing practices

Marketing analytics (MA) is a relatively new but increasingly prominent field in which data tools are applied to quantify and monitor marketing performance and customer information to optimize investments in marketing programs and maximize customer interaction. MA is a sub-discipline of broader analytics and includes the people, processes, and technology to generate insights that improve marketing performance. In this B2B study, the authors established an initial set of factors, with the help of deep subject matter experts in the field, which help determine the degree to which a firm’s marketing function is analytically driven. The research builds on extant theories of market orientation and lays the foundation for the development of a new construct known as marketing analytics orientation through qualitative research methods.
Geometric Comparison of Popular Mixture-Model Distances.

Statistical Latent Dirichlet Analysis produces mixture model data that are geometrically equivalent to points lying on a regular simplex in moderate to high dimensions. Numerous other statistical models and techniques also produce data in this geometric category, even though the meaning of the axes and coordinate values differs significantly. A distance function is used to further analyze these points, for example to cluster them. Several different distance functions are popular amongst statisticians; which distance function is chosen is usually driven by the historical preference of the application domain, information-theoretic considerations, or by the desirability of the clustering results. Relatively little consideration is usually given to how distance functions geometrically transform data, or the distances algebraic properties. Here we take a look at these issues, in the hope of providing complementary insight and inspiring further geometric thought. Several popular distances, χ, Jensen Shannon divergence, and the square of the Hellinger distance, are shown to be nearly equivalent; in terms of functional forms after transformations, factorizations, and series expansions; and in terms of the shape and proximity of constant-value contours. This is somewhat surprising given that their original functional forms look quite different. Cosine similarity is the square of the Euclidean distance, and a similar geometric relationship is shown with Hellinger and another cosine. We suggest a geodesic variation of Hellinger. The square-root projection that arises in Hellinger distance is briefly compared to standard normalization for Euclidean distance. We include detailed derivations of some ratio and difference bounds for illustrative purposes. We provide some constructions that nearly achieve the worst-case ratios, relevant for contours.
PRIONN: Predicting Runtime and IO using Neural Networks

For job allocation decision, current batch schedulers have access to and use only information on the number of nodes and runtime because it is readily available at submission time from user job scripts. User-provided runtimes are typically inaccurate because users overestimate or lack understanding of job resource requirements. Beyond the number of nodes and runtime, other system resources, including IO and network, are not available but play a key role in system performance. There is the need for automatic, general, and scalable tools that provide accurate resource usage information to schedulers so that, by becoming resource-aware, they can better manage system resources. We tackle this need by presenting a tool for Predicting Runtime and IO using Neural Networks (PRIONN). PRIONN automates prediction of per-job runtime and IO resource usage, enabling IO-aware scheduling on HPC systems. The novelty of our tool is the input of whole job scripts into deep learning models that allows complete automation of runtime and IO resource predictions. We demonstrate the power of PRIONN with runtime and IO resource predictions applied to IO-aware scheduling for real HPC data. Specifically, we achieve over 75% mean and 98% median accuracy for runtime and IO predictions across 300,000 jobs from a real HPC machine. We combine our per-job runtime and IO predictions with queue and system simulations to predict future system IO usage accurately. We predict over 50% of IO bursts in advance on a real HPC system.
Annals for Hospitalists Inpatient Notes - How I Treat—Catheter-Related Deep Venous Thrombosis

With growing use of peripherally inserted central catheters, catheter-related upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis is becoming a more common occurrence. In this article, an expert clinician descr...
Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of cell lines as models of primary tumors across 22 tumor types

Cancer cell lines are a cornerstone of cancer research but previous studies have shown that not all cell lines are equal in their ability to model primary tumors. Here we present a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis utilizing transcriptomic profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia to evaluate cell lines as models of primary tumors across 22 tumor types. We perform correlation analysis and gene set enrichment analysis to understand the differences between cell lines and primary tumors. Additionally, we classify cell lines into tumor subtypes in 9 tumor types. We present our pancreatic cancer results as a case study and find that the commonly used cell line MIA PaCa-2 is transcriptionally unrepresentative of primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Lastly, we propose a new cell line panel, the TCGA-110-CL, for pan-cancer studies. This study provides a resource to help researchers select more representative cell line models.
Daily Motives for Alcohol and Marijuana Use as Predictors of Simultaneous Use Among Young Adults.

Objective:Research on substance use motives typically examines each substance separately. However, simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use—that is, using alcohol and marijuana at the same time...
Predicting user routines with masked dilated convolutions

Predicting users daily location visits - when and where they will go, and how long they will stay - is key for making effective location-based recommendations. Knowledge of an upcoming day allows the suggestion of relevant alternatives (e.g., a new coffee shop on the way to work) in advance, prior to a visit. This helps users make informed decisions and plan accordingly. People's visit routines, or just routines, can vary significantly from day to day, and visits from earlier in the day, week, or month may affect subsequent choices. Traditionally, routine prediction has been modeled with sequence methods, such as HMMs or more recently with RNN-based architectures. However, the problem with such architectures is that their predictive performance degrades when increasing the number of historical observations in the routine sequence. In this paper, we propose Masked-TCN (MTCN), a novel method based on time-dilated convolutional networks. The method implements custom dilations and masking which can process effectively long routine sequences, identifying recurring patterns at different resolution - hourly, daily, weekly, monthly. We demonstrate that MTCN achieves 8% improvement in accuracy over current state-of-the-art solutions on a large data set of visit routines.
Reasons for Nonadherence

Patients’ failure to adhere to treatment regimens results in poor health outcomes and increased financial expenditure. Acknowledging common barriers to adherence can help providers anticipate how patients will incorporate treatment into their daily routine. Reasons for nonadherence may be patient-related, prescriber-related, and healthcare-related. Common reasons for nonadherence shared by the provider and patient include beliefs, perception of symptoms, cost, social support, education, forgetfulness, and psychiatric illnesses. Addressing common reasons for nonadherence can improve adherence and overall treatment outcome.
Change Goals Robustly Predict Trait Growth: A Mega-Analysis of a Dozen Intensive Longitudinal Studies Examining Volitional Change:

Research suggests that change goals (desires to change personality traits) predict subsequent trait growth. In this article, we (re)analyzed all data our labs have collected as of May 2019 that inc...
Smokefree home rules and cigarette smoking intensity among smokers in different stages of smoking cessation from 20 low-and-middle income countries.

Abstract Smokefree environment created by smokefree policies is associated with smoking reduction; however, there is paucity of literature on the relationship between smokefree home rules and smoking intensity in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs), and how smokefree policy affects smoking behavior of smokers at different stages of smoking cessation. This study examined the relationship between smokefree home rules and average number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) among daily smokers at different stages of the transtheoretical model (TTM) of change. Data from 18,718 current daily cigarette smokers from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted from 2011 to 2017 in 20 LMICs were analyzed. Weighted multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted using the log of CPD as the outcome variable with smokefree home rules as the exposure variable, controlling for selected covariates. Approximately 15% of the participants were in precontemplation, 5% were in preparation, 15% lived in partial smokefree homes, and 30% lived in complete smokefree homes. The average number of CPD was 12.3, 12.0, and 10.6 among participants living in homes where smoking was allowed, partial smokefree homes, and complete smokefree homes, respectively. Compared to living in homes where smoking was allowed, living in complete smokefree homes were associated with 22.5% (95%CI = 18.4%–26.5%), 17.9% (95%CI = 8.4%–27.3%), and 29.3% (95% CI = 17.1%–41.5%) fewer CPD among participants in precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages, respectively. These findings suggest that complete smokefree home policy will benefit smokers in LMICs irrespective of their intention to quit smoking in addition to protecting non-smokers from secondhand smoke exposure.
Smooth Fictitious Play in N × 2 Potential Games

The paper shows that smooth fictitious play converges to a neighborhood of a pure-strategy Nash equilibrium with probability 1 in almost all N × 2 (N-player, two-action) potential games. The neighborhood of convergence may be made arbitrarily small by taking the smoothing parameter to zero. Simple proof techniques are furnished by considering regular potential games.
De Re, De Dicto, and Binding Modalities

In classical logic, the move from propositional to quantificational is profound but essentially takes one route, following a direction we are all familiar with. In modal logic, such a move shoots off in many directions at once. One can quantify over things or over intensions. Quantifier domains can be the same from possible world to possible world, shrink or grow as one moves from a possible world to an accessible one, or follow no pattern whatsoever. A long time ago, Kripke showed us how shrinking or growing domains are related to validity of the Barcan and the converse Barcan formulas, bringing some semantic order into the situation. But when it comes to proof theory, things get somewhat strange. Nested sequents for shrinking or growing domains, or for constant domains or completely varying domains, are relatively straightforward. But axiomatically some oddities are quickly apparent. A simple combination of propositional modal axioms and rules with standard quantificational axioms and rules proves the converse Barcan formula, making it impossible to investigate its absence. Kripke showed how one could avoid this, at the cost of using a less common axiomatization of the quantifiers. But things can be complicated and even here an error crept into Kripke’s work that wasn’t pointed out until 20 years later, by Fine. Justification logic was created by Artemov, with a system called \(\textsf {LP}\) which is related to propositional \(\textsf {S4}\). This was extended to a quantified version by Artemov and Yavorskaya, for which a possible world semantics was supplied by Fitting. Subsequently Artemov and Yavorskaya introduced what they called binding modalities, by transferring ideas back from quantified \(\textsf {LP}\) to \(\textsf {S4}\). In this paper, we continue the investigation of binding modalities, but for \(\textsf {K}\), and show that they provide a natural intuition for Kripke’s non-standard axiomatization, and relate directly to the distinction between de re and de dicto. Unlike in Kripke’s treatment, the heavy lifting is done through a generalization of the modal operator, instead of a restriction on quantifier axiomatizations.
Pre-Heart Transplant Glomerular Filtration Rate and Outcome

Purpose Heart transplantation remains the optimal treatment for end-stage heart failure. Renal insufficiency has long been considered a significant risk factor for post-heart transplant morbidity and mortality. The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation has suggested glomerular filtration rate (GFR) cutoffs of Methods Between 2010 and 2018 we assessed 534 heart transplant patients and divided them based on the GFR directly before transplant. Groups were divided into GFR 60 (n=182). All combined heart-kidney transplantations were excluded from this study. Endpoints included 1 and 5 year survival, freedom from the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) (as defined by stenosis ≥ 30% by angiography), non-fatal major adverse cardiac events (NF-MACE: myocardial infarction, new congestive heart failure, percutaneous coronary intervention, implantable cardioverter defibrillator/pacemaker implant, stroke), any treated rejection (ATR), acute cellular rejection (ACR), antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Results There is no overall significant difference between the groups in terms of 1,3 or 5 year survival, 1-year freedom from CAV, NF-MACE and all rejection. However, the GFR 60 group, 73.6% vs. 86.8%. GFR did not greatly improve at 1-year post-transplant for any group. Conclusion Heart transplantation in patients with pre-transplant GFR
Patients who report cording after breast cancer surgery are at higher risk of lymphedema: Results from a large prospective screening cohort.

OBJECTIVES To identify the association between cording and breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL); describe time course, location, symptoms and functional impairments. METHODS A total of 1181 patients were prospectively screened for BCRL after breast cancer (BC) surgery, including patient-reported outcome measures (4193) and perometric arm volume measurements (BCRL defined as relative or weight-adjusted volume change [RVC or WAC] ≥10% ≥3 months postoperatively). RESULTS A total of 374/1181 patients (31.7%) reported cording first a median of 4.5 months postoperatively, and were more likely to: have body mass index less than 30 kg/m2 ; be less than 55 years of age; have had mastectomy, axillary lymph node dissection, regional lymph node radiation, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (all P < .001), or RVC/WAC ≥10% (P = .002). Patients who reported cording had 2.4 times the odds of developing BCRL compared to those who did not (odds ratio = 2.40; 95% confidence interval = 1.40-4.11; P = .002), and most frequently reported these symptoms: tenderness (61.2%), aching (60.7%), and firmness/tightness (59.8%). On multivariable analysis, cording was significantly correlated with functional difficulty for 17 actions. CONCLUSIONS Patients frequently present with cording, potentially months after BC surgery. Risk factors for and symptoms of cording are identified, and treatment is recommended. Patients reporting cording are at higher risk of BCRL, therefore, cording should be incorporated into BCRL risk stratification.
Imaginal exposure exacerbation revisited: Deconstructing patient characteristics associated with worse reactions to the initiation of imaginal exposure in PTSD.

Abstract Objective This study examines whether imaginal exposure leads to symptom exacerbation, systematically comparing individuals who received prolonged exposure (PE) to those who received pharmacotherapy. The study also examined whether common clinical features increase the likelihood of symptom exacerbation. Method In 151 men and women with PTSD, we examined rates of reliable exacerbation of PTSD and depression symptoms after initiation of imaginal exposure and compared it to those receiving sertraline. We also examined relationships between exacerbation, treatment outcome, dropout, imaginal distress, and specific clinical features, including co-occurring MDD, multiple co-occurring disorders, childhood sexual abuse as target trauma, and a history of childhood physical or sexual abuse. Results Symptom exacerbation was not more common in PE compared to sertraline, not associated with higher dropout, or predictive of worse outcome. Those with co-occurring depression or multiple disorders, a target trauma of child sexual abuse, or a history of child abuse reported functionally equivalent peak distress at onset of imaginal as those without these characteristics. These factors did not lead to more exacerbation or worse adherence. Conclusion Exacerbation was not specific to PE and patients with and without symptom worsening showed comparable treatment gains, suggesting symptom exacerbation may reflect a common clinical process.
Safeguarding The Public Trust: Can Administrative Ethics Be Taught?

The changing nature of the public sector brings new challenges to governance and ethical decision making. A main objective of the Master’s of Public Administration (MPA) program is to bring current...
Micromachined Flexible Semi-Transparent Silicon Solar Cells as Power Sources for Microsystems

We are reporting the fabrication and test of ultrathin, flexible semi-transparent single-crystal solar cells using a silicon undercut microfabrication techniques suitable for powering up exposed biomedical microsystems. The resulting cells are 15 micrometers thick. The solar cells provide a short circuit current density of 0.54 mA cm-2 and the open circuit voltage of 340 mV under low indoor lighting (13 mW.cm-2) conditions achieving an average light transmission of ~25%.
Baikonur 2.0: ‘inland-offshore’ space economies in post-Soviet Kazakhstan

The global space industry brings to mind the horizons of science and technology, large rockets, and heroic astronauts. The land and infrastructure used to launch things into the cosmos, however, is...
Factor Structure of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status in Huntington's Disease.

OBJECTIVE The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status is a commonly used neuropsychological screening tool that is useful in a Huntington's disease (HD) population given its relatively brief administration time and assessment of multiple cognitive domains. Although 5 index scores are calculated, this structure has not been universally supported in clinical samples, which have often found a two- and three-factor structure to be better fitting. This study explored the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status factor structure in a large HD sample, which has not been done to date. METHOD In total, 147 individuals with HD completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to explore the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status factor structure. RESULTS Consistent with the findings from a majority of other clinical samples investigated, our results revealed a better fitting two-factor structure (verbal and visual). CONCLUSION The traditional Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status index structure may not be valid in HD, which yields important clinical and research implications.
Official Language A, B, Cs: Why the Canadian Experience with Official Languages Does Not Support Arguments to Declare English the Official Language of the United States

* Maria Somerstein, Juris Doctor Candidate, May 2007, University of Miami School of Law. I would like to thank my friends and family who supported me in writing this article: Mom, Dad, & Liz Somerstein, Jason Neufeld, Kristina Arnsdorff, and Professor David Abraham. 1. See The English Language Amendment: Hearing on S.J. Res. 167 Before the Subcomm. on the Constitution of the S. Comm. on the Judiciary, 98th Cong., 2d Sess. (1984) (statement of S.I. Hayakawa, Co-Founder, U.S.English, Inc.) (stating that bilingual education is a new threat to our society, introduced by self-interested Hispanic leaders seeking to secure employment for bilingual teachers); cf Thongvanh v. Thalacker, 17 F. 3d 256, 259 (8th Cir. 1994) (holding that not allowing an inmate to communicate in Lao to family violated his rights to Due Process, Equal Protection and Free Speech).
Ultraviolet Observations of Be Stars

The history of ultraviolet studies of Be stars is barely ten years old. However, in the last decade, twelve major space experiments have observed Be stars in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, and ultraviolet data for over 30 Be stars are now available in the literature. Table I shows some of the characteristics of the experiments. They include two rockets, five astronomical satellites, three manned satellites, and one planetary probe. Except for the rocket experiments, they are primarily survey instruments, which have provided ultraviolet data on early-type stars in general, and these data have proved to be extremely useful as standards of comparison for Be stars. Of the twelve spacecraft, two are presently operating: Copernicus and ANS. The two experiments complement one another very nicely in that the ANS experiment can obtain absolute continuous flux distributions, while the Princeton experiment can obtain high-resolution line spectra for the brighter Be stars.
Public Employee Speech Rights Fall Prey to an Emerging Doctrinal Formalism

Since the arrival of Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito during the October 2005 Term, formalism has become more prevalent in the Supreme Court's decisions. One illustration is Garcetti v. Ceballos, where the Court held that public employees' speech pursuant to their official duties merits no constitutional protection at all from employer discipline, irrespective of the speech's importance. The Court created this dispositive categorization despite the fact that, as my article details, the individualized circumstances supporting such rule-based adjudication were missing. As a result, Garcetti can only be understood as indicating the meta-preference for rules over standards that represents formal juristic reasoning. Other recent decisions also portend an emerging formalist voting bloc consisting of Chief Justice Roberts and Justices Scalia, Thomas, and Alito. The most likely fifth vote to join the formalism four is Justice Kennedy, who has indicated a preference for formalism in certain doctrinal areas, such as free speech (as in Garcetti), federalism, and state sovereignty. Thus, we may be witnessing the beginning of an era of doctrinal formalism on the Court, in which rules will be favored in specified contexts to further judicial deference to the political institution perceived to be in the best position to make the underlying judgment.
A 45 GHz AlGaAs/GaAs HBT IC technology

A non-self-aligned HBT (heterojunction bipolar transistor) IC process with f/sub T/ and f/sub max/ of 45 GHz is reported. The process provides 1.4 THz Schottky diodes, nichrome resistors, MIM capacitors, and air-bridge inductors. The process does not use any ion implantation. An HBT prescalar circuit designed with this process clocks at 13.5 GHz. A pulser circuit using Schottky diodes demonstrates 8.6 ps risetime. >
Finding buying guides with a Web carnivore

Research on buying behavior indicates that buying guides perform an important role in the overall buying process. However, while the Web contains many buying guides, finding those guides is difficult to impossible for the average consumer. Web search engines typically index many buying guides on many topics, but simple queries do not often return these results. Given this, we built a Web carnivore that finds buying guides on behalf of consumers. Web carnivores leverage the crawling, scrubbing, indexing and ranking activities of Web search engines (the "herbivores") to provide more specific services. Ours finds buying guides by issuing machine-generated queries to google and filtering the results. We describe our system and quantitatively compares it to a basic search engine. Our system almost always returns more buying guides, often twice as many. Our user study also suggests that we return better buying guides. Finding buying guides is an instance of the more general problem of "genre search;" we point out novel aspects of our system that are applicable to a variety of genre-search problems.
Gleason score concordance on biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer: is pathological re-evaluation necessary prior to radical prostatectomy?

Study Type – Diagnosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Following the updated Gleason grading system in 2005 by the International Society of Urological Pathologists (ISUP), studies demonstrated improved prediction of biochemical (PSA) progression-free outcome by needle core biopsy specimens. To our knowledge, no studies have investigated the impact of the modified grading system on inter-laboratory agreement of biopsy Gleason score (bGS) and the effect of re-evaluation on accuracy in predicting the true underlying histopathology. We report that when biopsy re-evaluation resulted in a change in bGS, there was a marked improvement in the prediction of underlying pathology as determined by prostatectomy Gleason score suggesting that when outside referral of bGS results in an equivocal clinical decision, biopsy re-evaluation can provide clarity on the true underlying tumour architecture. OBJECTIVES • Gleason sum from prostate biopsy (bGS) is an important tool in classifying severity of disease, ultimately influencing clinical management. • Commonly, pathology specimens are re-evaluated internally prior to surgery. • We evaluate agreement of bGS with prostatectomy Gleason sum (pGS) and the impact of re-grading on prediction of true underlying tumor architecture. MATERIALS AND METHODS • Retrospective analysis of men who underwent robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) by two surgeons from 2005–2009. Initial transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy demonstrated carcinoma at an outside lab. Specimens were re-evaluated by our GU pathologists prior to surgery. Biopsy data were correlated with pGS. • Kappa (κ) statistics for agreement and linear regression analyses were used for categorical variables. Coefficient of concordance was used for continuous variables. RESULTS • 100 patients had 331 positive biopsies. Agreement (κ) for bGS between outside labs and our pathologists was 0.55 (p < 0.001). • Internal read was twice as likely to upgrade vs. downgrade outside bGS (23% vs. 11%). • When re-evaluation resulted in a change in bGS, agreement with pGS was κ= 0.29, vs. κ=−0.04 for agreement of initial (outside) bGS with pGS. • When no change was made to bGS, agreement with pGS was κ= 0.40 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION • Good reproducibility seen between outside labs and our institution on bGS. Internal pathology re-reads correlated better with pGS than original community bGS. When re-reads result in a change in bGS, there is a marked improvement in prediction of underlying tumor architecture confirming the value of re-evaluating all external biopsies prior to definitive surgery.
Arachidonate remodeling, platelet-activating factor signaling, and the inflammatory response in the central nervous system

Arachidonate remodeling is a very prevalent process in cells of the central nervous system. As in other organs, there are a wide variety of phospholipid molecular species that display active arachidonate remodeling. In neurons, these events contribute to the maintenance of excitable membrane properties by providing a fluid environment for proteins to perform their functions. In addition, arachidonate remodeling allows the controlled release of free arachidonic acid. This fatty acid is a messenger in itself, and also serves as a precursor to a wide variety of biologically-active messengers, the eicosanoids. Recently, several novel messengers derived from arachidonic acid have been identified in addition to the well known prostaglandins. These new messengers include the endocannabinoids, which elicit potent modulatory actions in the nervous system. Overall, arachidonate remodeling in the nervous system is clearly engaged in cell function.
Design and testing of the 5 kHz, 3 MW thyratron modulators for ETA II

The Experimental Test Accelerator (ETA) II is a high-average-power linear induction accelerator built to support free-electron-laser research. Magnetic pulse compression and high-power thyratron modulators are used to generate the 125 kV accelerator drive pulses. The authors describe the design and testing of the 5 kHz, 3 MW thyratron modulators for the ETA II. The power conditioning system and the pulse timing requirements are described, and the operation of the ETA II system is discussed. >
The non-standardization of the fear survey schedule

The Fear Survey Schedule-III was administered to 860 college students. The results are presented in the form of frequencies, in deliberate contrast to previous work which present results in the form of z-scores. The argument is made that these z-scores do not normalize the original item distributions and thus provide no opportunity for normative comparisons. Data are provided allowing the researcher to assess the characteristics of FSS-III item distributions and make limited normative comparisons.
Tryptic cleavage of IgD at elevated temperature and isolation of a Fc-like fragment in high yield

Abstract Digestion of IgD with trypsin at 56°C for 4 min has been shown to be an effective method for the production of homogeneous Fc-like component in high yield. The first two residues of this fragment were found to be Thr-Ala. Because of rapid and continuous degradation this method does not allow production of Fab-like components in significant quantities.