cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Validity of the 2005 Strong Interest Inventory: An Examination of Gender and Major Field of Study:

This is the first article evaluating the concurrent validity of the 2005 Strong Interest Inventory (SII). The Basic Interest Scales (BISs) were substantially revised to reflect the changing workplace, so such an update is particularly important. Concurrent validity of the 41 content scales in the SII was examined for differentiating 31 college majors in a national college sample of 1,403 women and 469 men. Using discriminant analyses, three sets of content scales were used to predict major field of study. These were six General Occupational Scales, five Personal Style Scales, and 30 BISs. Each set of scales showed substantial concurrent validity in differentiating college major for women and men. The most specific scales, the BISs, were the most predictive of major, with hit rates 6 times greater than chance. Results clearly supported the concurrent validity and counseling utility of the content scales of the SII.
Supporting Annotation Layers for Natural Language Processing

We demonstrate a system for flexible querying against text that has been annotated with the results of NLP processing. The system supports self-overlapping and parallel layers, integration of syntactic and ontological hierarchies, flexibility in the format of returned results, and tight integration with SQL. We present a query language and its use on examples taken from the NLP literature.
Pragmatism in International Relations: Theory and Research

Este articulo examina la literatura reciente sobre la interseccion entre pragmatismo filosofico y relaciones internacionales (RI), incluyendo la teoria y la metodologia de investigacion de las RI. Se sostiene que uno de los obstaculos que motivan las teorias y metodologias pragmatistas de las RI es la dificultad de definir el pragmatismo, en particular si existe la necesidad de una definicion mas generica de pragmatismo, o una mas especifica que se vincule con las metas de teoricos e investigadores de las relaciones internacionales. Aunque el pragmatismo filosofico no se ajusta facilmente a ninguno de los marcos teoricos tradicionales en RI, aqui esbozo una teoria pragmatista de las RI que se inspira en los trabajos de John Dewey y Richard Rorty. Sobre la metodologia de las RI, senalo de que manera la combinacion del pragmatismo filosofico y los metodos de investigacion en RI se han beneficiado enormemente de las contribuciones de algunos pragmatistas lideres de las RI y que hay signos de esperanza en que dicha relacion puede enriquecerse posteriormente.
Device-independent image processing software for magnetic resonance imaging

An interactive image display and processing program has been developed using Fortran and the ANSI-ISO standard Graphical Kernel system (GKS). Conceived as a tool to support both research and educational objectives, the software provides a wide array of image processing functions in a fully portable package. The program is built around four principal operations: (1) input of image data, (2) image modification/enhancement, (3) perform Fourier transforms on an image, and (4) display/save the (modified) image. The latest version of the program allows the user to interact through a three-menu structure: (1) a global level (whose functions are accessible at the other two levels), which includes image file I/O, window select, zoom, colour key select, help and exit: (2) the main menu, which contains major image processing functions (histogram, dual image, filtering, edge detection, image transform, noise analysis), and (3) local menus for each option at level (2). >
Prolonged Survival in Bronchogenic Carcinoma Associated With HL-A Antigens W-19 and HL-A5: A Preliminary Report

The HL-A antigens were determined retrospectively in a group of 14 surgically cured bronchogenic carcinoma patients and prospectively in another group of 100 untreated patients. In the retrospective group, the frequencies of antigens W-19 and HL-A5 were significantly increased when compared with the noncancer control and the prospective lung cancer populations. In the latter group, 60% of the patients with W-19 and 58% with HL-A5 survived without evidence of tumor for at least 1 year after treatment compared with 15% of patients with neither of these antigens, P less than 0.01 and 0.005, respectively. These comparisons were for adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma. The patient groups for oat cell and undifferentiated carcinoma were too small for valid statistical comparisons. This preliminary study suggests that the presence of HL-A antigens W-19 and HL-A5 confers resistance to dissemination of bronchogenic carcinoma.
TransitTrace: route planning using ambient displays

Every day, travelers use Public Transport Systems to reach their destinations. Public Transport Authorities generally use passive wayfinding devices, including ambient displays, to provide useful information for travelers, such as the number of vehicles in the vicinity of a stop and their estimated times of arrival. However, due to both the complexity of the transport networks and the lack of sophistication in the design of these displays, the information provided by these devices is limited. We present TransitTrace, a visualization that exploits interaction-free ambient displays to provide travelers with more detailed information and ultimately to help them to navigate the city using a Public Transport System. Specifically, the proposed design makes use of a novel animation strategy to aid travelers in route planning tasks. In this paper, we describe details about the system and visualization design of TransitTrace, as well as its initial implementation using transportation data provided by the City of Chicago.
Modeling the Effect of Shared Care to Optimize Acne Referrals From Primary Care Clinicians to Dermatologists

Importance Access to dermatologists remains a nationwide challenge. Optimizing referrals to a dermatologist may reduce patient wait times. Objective To model the effect of algorithm-based acne treatment by primary care clinicians on referral patterns and costs. Design, Setting, and Participants Overall, 253 referrals from primary care clinicians to dermatologists for acne from January 2014 through March 2015 were reviewed at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. No-show rate, diagnostic concordance between primary care clinicians and dermatologists, treatment at the time of referral, and treatment by a dermatologist were ascertained, and we modeled 2 treatment algorithms—initiation of topical treatments by primary care clinicians (algorithm A) and initiation of topical treatments and oral antibiotics by primary care clinicians (algorithm B)—to identify the most effective referral patterns and costs. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the elimination of unnecessary appointments with a dermatologist. Secondary outcomes included reduction in delay to treatment, health care cost savings, and decrease in no-show rate. Results Overall, 150 of 253 referred patients were seen and treated by a dermatologist; 127 patients (50.2%) were not on prescription acne treatment at the time of dermatology referral. Model A reduced initial referrals in 72 of 150 cases (48.0%), eliminated referrals in 60 of 150 cases (40%), and reduced average delay-to-treatment by 28.6 days. This resulted in cost savings of $20.28 per patient, reduction of wait time by 5 days per patient, and decreased the no-show rate by 13%. Model B reduced initial referrals in 130 of 150 cases (86.7%), eliminated referrals in 108 of 150 cases (72%), and reduced average delay-to-treatment by 27.9 days. This resulted in cost savings of $35.68 per patient, shortened wait-time by 9 days per patient, and decreased the no-show rate by 24%. Conclusions and Relevance Algorithm-based treatment of acne by primary care clinicians may eliminate unnecessary appointments, reduce wait time for treatment, lower costs, and reduce patient no-shows.
Putting the Plus First: Community Forest Enterprise as the Platform for REDD+ in the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala:

Covering 2.1 million hectares, Guatemala's Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) is the largest protected area in Central America and is home to globally important biodiversity. Established in 1990, the reserve is also the site of an internationally significant experiment with community forestry: twelve community forest concessions in the MBR cover over 400,000 ha, about 19% of its total area. Over the last fifteen years, these concessions have developed local enterprises that have generated thousands of seasonal and permanent jobs, and over $4 million in annual sales of sustainably harvested forest products. At the same time, analyses have shown that the rate of deforestation in concessions certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is remarkably lower than in adjacent “core zone” protected areas in the MBR. Such community forests represent a promising strategy for reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+), where payments could add a crucial revenue stream for local forest-based enterpr...
Supplementary Role of Hydralazine in Reversal of Endotoxin Shock with Metaraminol and Hydrocortisone

SummaryCanine endotoxin shock is characterized in part by hypotension, oliguria, hemoconcentration and acidosis. The “shock” can be reversed in some animals with a combination of a pressor drug and hydrocortisone. The addition of hydralazine to this combination greatly augments the flow of urine, and possibly contributes to the survival of animals.
The Relationship between Subjective and Objective Scales on CTS Symptom Severity Using a Self-Administered Questionnaire

A group of 39 CTS patients with 60 affected hands participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire developed by Levine et al. (1993) and nerve conduction measures (NCS) were used. The f...
Analysis and discussion on the epidemic situation and preventive measures of pulmonary tuberculosis in Liuzhou

Objective To understand the pulmonary tuberculosis current situation of Liuzhou,analyze the influential factors,predict the prevalence trend and explore the preventive measures.Method Comprehensive analysis the data from direct reporting network system and patients management system from 2008 to 2010.Results In recent years,tuberculosis epidemic status had effectively controlled,and maintain in a certain level did not rise,mainly patients were farmers,accounted for 60.26%,men were more than women,63.90% of the farmer patients at the age of 25 to 64,and developed to old age group.Conclusions We must adhere to implement DOTS strategy,strengthen the patient's found,treatment and whole supervision management,and accordingly obtain satisfactory results of prevention and control TB.
Analysis of the Competitiveness of Industrial Structure of Daqing Based on Shift-share Method

How to optimize and upgrade the insustrial structue of Daqing City is the core problem for the transformation of resource-based cities of Daqing City.Based on the development tendency of Daqing industrical structure,according to the Heilongjiang province,from the geographical factors,the structure factors and the competitive factors three perspectives,this paper has dynamic evaluated the development of industrical structure of Daqing.The conclusion is made that the high-level of industrial structure lag.Services grow slowly.On this basis,combined with practical,the paper puts forwatd contermeasures that how to optimize the industrial structure of Daqing.
Effect of the Ultrasonic Extraction on the Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharide from Ophiopogon Japonicus

The effect of the ultrasonic extraction on the structure and biological activity of polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus has been studied in this work.Its chemical structure was analyzed by the techniques of gas chromatography,scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy(AFM).The total reducing power,scavenging effect on hydroxyl radical(·OH) and inhibiting effect on lip id-peroxidation induced by Fe2+ of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide were measured in vitro chemical simulated systems for evaluating its antioxidant activity.Comparing with the Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide(WBP) obtained by the conventional hot water extraction method,the Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide(SBP) obtained by the ultrasonic extraction has the same monosaccharide components,in which include the arabinose,glucose and galactose.The scanning electron microscopy in vitro showed that the sheet structure of the polysaccharide obtained by the ultrasonic extraction method was become small to varying degrees;while the atomic force microscopy(AFM) showed that the molecular fragment of the Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide chains was become small by the ultrasonic.The antioxidant activity of SBP is better than that of WBP at the same concentration.The ultrasonic extraction can not affect the monosaccharide components of the polysaccharide,but the micro-structure of the polysaccharide can be altered and the antioxidant activity of the polysaccharide can be increased.
Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

In the 5 years since its discovery, the pleiotropic cytokine IL-10 has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of lymphoid and myeloid cells. IL-10 was detected independently in several laboratories. Fiorentino et al. [1] described a cytokine secreted by ‘type 2’ murine helper T-cell clones which inhibited cytokine production by ‘type 1’ helper T-cell clones. It was therefore designated as cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF). Suda et al. [2] reported ‘B cell-derived T cell growth factor’ activity produced by Ly1+ murine B-cell lymphomas which strongly enhanced thymocyte proliferation to IL-4 and IL-2, and O’Garra et al. [3] showed that supernatants derived from these B-cell lymphomas enhanced the proliferative response of mast cells to IL-3 or IL-4. It is now known that all these activities are mediated by IL-10. This chapter will summarize our present knowledge of IL-10 structure, its relationship to its viral counterpart BCRF1, and the various functional activities described for these factors.
Gun violence prevention.

Analyses of the effects of gun policy on firearm deaths by Bindu Kalesan and colleagues [DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01026-0] received widespread attention for surprising findings, including that if three specific policies became federal law, US firearm deaths could be reduced by 98%. We examined these data and identified methodological problems in the original analyses.... See RAND report at DOI: 10.7249/RR1642 Language: en
Should I Trust It When I Cannot See It?: Credibility Assessment for Blind Web Users

As users become increasingly more reliant on online resources to satisfy their information needs, care is needed to ensure that these resources are credible in nature, especially if a decision is to be taken based upon the information accessed. The credibility of a web site is known to be heavily influenced by its visual appearance. However, for individuals who are blind, challenges are often faced accessing these visual cues when using assistive technologies. In this paper, we describe an observational study to examine the strategies and workarounds developed by individuals who are blind to perform credibility assessments. These are compared with those used by sighted users. Findings from the study have highlighted the relationship between accessibility and credibility. The features used to form assessments non-visually have also been identified. Insights from the study can be used to support the design of highly credible interfaces for blind screen reader users.
Social Security Reform: Proposals for Change

This policy proposal was prepared for the 42nd Annual Retirement & Benefits Management Conference. Specifically, this paper was submitted for the seminar's annual essay competition. This essay was the winning essay on this topic. The submission was limited to this length. The conference-assigned topic was:The viability of the US Social Security system is significantly impacted by the improving life expectancy of the population. This means that a greater number of recipients will in receipt of benefits and, potentially, fewer active employees providing the contributions necessary to pay for those benefits. In the light of these dilemmas, what public or private options should be considered to address the issues? You should include both ends of the equation (e.g. benefit adjustment and revenue generation.)This article argues for a balanced approach to Social Security Reform based on tax increases, benefit cuts, and Social Security Trust investment changes and a return of the Social Security program to its original mission of providing "adequate provision" for its beneficiaries.
Native Voices: Native Peoples' Concepts of Health and Illness in New Mexico: opening a local conversation by hosting a national traveling exhibit.

Background: The University of New Mexico Health Sciences Library and Informatics Center hosted the National Library of Medicine’s Native Voices: Native Peoples’ Concepts of Health and Illness traveling exhibit. The authors’ goal was to promote local interest in the Native Voices exhibit, with an emphasis on making the exhibit content and materials available to American Indian communities throughout rural New Mexico. Case Presentation: We convened a daylong summit to highlight the exhibit and encourage discussion among 30 American Indian community health educators. The summit prompted the compilation and distribution of descriptions of 23 community projects that promote health and wellness. We also took a scaled-down version of the exhibit to 4 rural college campuses around the state that serve significant Native American student populations. Approximately 140 students and faculty interacted with the exhibit materials, and all 4 sites incorporated the exhibit into curriculum activities. Conclusions: A hosted national exhibit developed into a multifaceted, funded project that engaged with Native American communities. We demonstrated successful field deployment of a downsized, portable version of the full traveling exhibit to make meaningful connections with members of our outreach population.
COAGULATION CASCADE | Factor VII

Factor VII(a) is responsible for triggering the clotting cascade that eventually leads to thrombin generation, fibrin deposition, and platelet activation. Factor VIIa (FVIIa) is enzymatically active only after complex formation with its cellular receptor, tissue factor (TF). Factor VIIa–TF activity in vivo is tightly regulated by plasma inhibitors, particularly tissue factor pathway inhibitor. In addition to maintaining hemostasis, FVIIa may also influence various cellular processes by transmitting cellular signals via activation of G-protein-coupled proteinase-activated receptors. Since TF is constitutively expressed in the lung on airway epithelium and populations of alveolar macrophages, transudation of FVII along other plasma proteins across the injured alveolar capillary barrier leads to activation of coagulation in lung, leading to fibrin formation. Further, ligation of TF by FVIIa induces expression of several immunoregulatory genes in the lung. These responses play a crucial role in ordered repair and restoration of lung structure and function. However, increased production of TF in the lung following an inflammatory injury would lead to an enhanced procoagulant response that is excessive relative to that needed for resolution and repair. This would lead to fibrin deposition in the alveoli, interstitium, and capillaries. This, coupled with increased cytokine production and cell migration and activation that may occur through FVIIa–TF-induced cell signaling, independent of coagulant response, would lead to acute lung injury, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thus, blockade of FVIIa binding to TF or inhibition of FVIIa–TF proteolytic activity may have therapeutic benefit in patients with ARDS.
Pharmacotherapy of Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Parkinson Disease

Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions, including neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, supine hypertension and post-prandial hypotension, are relatively common in patients with Parkinson disease. Recent evidence suggests that early autonomic impairment such as cardiac autonomic denervation and even neurogenic orthostatic hypotension occur prior to the appearance of the typical motor deficits associated with the disease. When neurogenic orthostatic hypotension develops, patients with Parkinson disease have an increased risk of mortality, falls, and trauma-related to falls. Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension reduces quality of life and contributes to cognitive decline and physical deconditioning. The co-existence of supine hypertension complicates the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension because it involves the use of drugs with opposing effects. Furthermore, treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension is challenging because of few therapeutic options; in the past 20 years, the US Food and Drug Administration approved only two drugs for the treatment of this condition. Small, open-label or randomized studies using acute doses of different pharmacologic probes suggest benefit of other drugs as well, which could be used in individual patients under close monitoring. This review describes the pathophysiology of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension in Parkinson disease. We discuss the mode of action and therapeutic efficacy of different pharmacologic agents used in the treatment of patients with cardiovascular autonomic failure.
Salt absorption in gypsum amended acid soils

Simultaneous retention of cation and anion in equivalent amounts with no net release of ions into solution, a process referred to as “Salt Absorption”, has been reported for kaolin group minerals. The objective of this study was to examine the extent of salt absorption in gypsum-amended acid soils from the Southeastern United States. Surface application of large quantities of gypsum (5–10 Mg ha−1) has been shown to alleviate subsoil acidity. Soil samples (0.6–0.8 m depth) representative of cultivated and virgin (woodland) sites of kaolinitic-Cecil and Wedowee (Typic Hapludults) and smectitic-Bladen (Typic Albaqult) series were incubated with varying additions of reagent-grade CaSO4.2H2O (gypsum) or phosphogypsum (PG) solutions (2g gypsum or PG L−1), which resulted in Ca2+ and SO 4 2− additions ranging from 0.48–1.50 and 0.51–1.59 cmolc kg−1 soil respectively. The composition of the soil solution, displaced following 4 h of equilibration, showed no evidence of precipitation of CaSO4. More than 94 and 89% of the Ca2+ and SO 4 2− applied, respectively, were sorbed in all the soils. The simultaneous sorption of Ca2+ and SO 4 2− in equivalent amounts with no net release of cations or anions into soil solution in these gypsum amended soils demonstrates the process of salt absorption.
Implementation of a Lifestyle Intervention for People With Serious Mental Illness in State-Funded Mental Health Centers.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate health outcomes of a state-supported implementation in community mental health settings of an evidence-based lifestyle intervention for overweigh...
Evidence-Based Optimization of Post-Treatment Surveillance for Skull Base Chordomas Based on Local and Distant Disease Progression.

Background There are no guidelines regarding post-treatment surveillance specific to skull base chordomas. Objective To determine an optimal imaging surveillance schedule to detect both local and distant metastatic skull base chordoma recurrences. Methods A retrospective review of 91 patients who underwent treatment for skull base chordoma between 1993 and 2017 was conducted. Time to and location of local and distant recurrence(s) were cataloged. Existing chordoma surveillance recommendations (National Comprehensive Cancer Network [NCCN], London and South East Sarcoma Network [LSESN], European Society for Medical Oncology [ESMO], Chordoma Global Consensus Group [CGCG]) were applied to our cohort to compare the number of recurrent patients and months of undiagnosed tumor growth between surveillances. These findings were used to inform the creation of a revised imaging surveillance protocol (MD Anderson Cancer Center Chordoma Imaging Protocol [MDACC-CIP]), presented here. Results Thirty-four patients with 79 local/systemic recurrences met inclusion criteria. Mean age at diagnosis and follow-up time were 45 yr and 79 mo, respectively. The MDACC-CIP imaging protocol significantly reduced the time to diagnosis of recurrence compared with the LSESN and CGCG/ESMO imaging protocols for surveillance of local disease with a cumulative/average of 576/16.9 (LSESN), 336/9.8 (CGCG), and 170/5.0 (MDACC-CIP) months of undetected growth, respectively. The NCCN and MDACC-CIP guidelines for distant metastatic surveillance identified a cumulative/average of 65/6.5 and 51/5.1 mo of undetected growth, respectively, and were not significantly different. Conclusion The MDACC-CIP for skull base chordoma accounts for recurrence trends unique to this disease, including a higher rate of leptomeningeal spread than sacrococcygeal primaries, resulting in improved sensitivity and prompt diagnosis.
Research on interconnection test of SiP module

System in Package (SiP) plays an important role in Consumer Electronics, Military and Aerospace Electronics with the superiority of microminiaturization, weight reduction, high density, and high reliability. Nevertheless, SiP module test has encountered the problem on malfunction location with the system scale and system complexity exponentially increasing. An interconnect test detects, identifies and locates intra-die assembly defects, which is systematically performed in conventional board testing. Built on the JTAG test technology which has been responsibly used on board testing, this paper proposed a testing method, testing flow and testing platform for SiP module interconnection testing, and discussed the discrepancy between the testing for board and the testing for SiP. In the interconnection testing of the certain SiP module, the test coverage of the interconnection network is provided.
Characterizing search spaces

A heuristic is good on a search space to the extent that it allows the prediction of which states are near to the goal. In this paper heuristics are investigated on several different search spaces. A measure is proposed for assessing the predictive accuracy of a given heuristic on a given search space. The measure sheds light on characteristics of the Traveling Salesman Problem that make it computationally more difficult to solve than the Minimum Spanning-Tree Problem.
Effects of Hybrid Water Immersion, Environmental Exposures, and Axial Load on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Filled Epoxy-Based Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Tubes

Abstract The increasing need of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) in civil engineering applications gradually aroused serious concern of the long-term durability of this novel construction material. This study investigated the durability of concrete-filled FRP tube (CFFT) stubs, one of the recent applications of FRP composites for reinforcing concrete members, subjected to the combined freeze/thaw, heating/cooling, and wet/dry cycles with additional sustained axial load and continuous water immersion conditions. Mechanical and material characterization tests were conducted on the conditioned specimens to evaluate the degradation of mechanical properties and changes of physical, chemical and thermal properties. Test results showed that more degradation occurred on both strength and strain capacities of the CFFTs for wet environmental conditioning compared to the dry environmental conditioning. The sustained load further deteriorated the CFFTs in both strengths and strains slightly.
Watch Faults Grow before Your Very Eyes in a Deformational Sandbox

In this paper, we provide both a step-by-step description of how to build an apparatus for investigating extensional and contractional faulting and we provide lab procedures that teachers at both university and high-school levels can use to enhance students knowledge of the fundamentals of faulting mechanisms. The experiments are based on the analog modeling principle, where large geologic processes (both in terms of time and space) are scaled down to be observed in real time within a classroom. The technique is relatively simple, low-cost and reproducible in a short time span. The experiments offer students both a hands-on experience that is a proxy for more complicated laboratory techniques used by researchers and the opportunity for students to see faults grow before their very eyes. We followed this approach with student groups at different training levels (university and high-school) and found that the experiments boost understanding of the processes of faulting. We highly encourage university level ...
Rhodococcus equi Joint Sepsis and Osteomyelitis Is Associated With a Grave Prognosis in Foals

The most common pathologic manifestation of Rhodococcus equi, a gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacterium, is pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals and weanlings. Hematogenous spread of bacteria may subsequently occur, resulting in joint sepsis, osteomyelitis, or subcutaneous abscessation. Medical records from horses presenting to the Cornell University Equine Hospital from 1998 to 2018 were reviewed for cases diagnosed with R. equi joint and/or bone infection, and information about case progression and outcome were analyzed. We hypothesized that, despite advances in diagnostic imaging, antimicrobials and antimicrobial delivery methods, the prognosis for R. equi joint sepsis and osteomyelitis remains grave for athletic activity and poor for survival. The 12 cases that met the review criteria had a mortality rate of 84% (10/12), with one case lost to follow up after discharge and one case discharged with a grave prognosis for athleticism.
The development of intestinal dysbiosis in anemic preterm infants.

OBJECTIVE Anemia and Proteobacteria-dominant intestinal dysbiosis in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants have been linked to necrotizing enterocolitis, a severe gut inflammatory disease. We hypothesize that anemia of prematurity is related to the development of intestinal dysbiosis. STUDY DESIGN Three hundred and forty-two weekly stool samples collected prospectively from 80 VLBW infants were analyzed for bacterial microbiomes (with 16S rRNA). Linear mixed-effects model was used to determine the relationships between the onsets of anemia and intestinal dysbiosis. RESULTS Hematocrit was associated with intestinal microbiomes, with lower Hct occurring with increased Proteobacteria and decreased Firmicutes. Infants with a hematocrit <30% had intestinal microbiomes that diverged toward Proteobacteria dominance and low diversity after the first postnatal month. The microbiome changes were also related to the severity of anemia. CONCLUSIONS This finding supports a potential microbiological explanation for anemia as a risk factor for intestinal dysbiosis in preterm infants.
Chapter 4 – CONTOUR INTEGRATION

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the residue theorem and its application. Integrals involving multivalued functions require one to take into account the branch points and branch cuts of the integrand in addition to its isolated singularities. This is because of the fact that, to use the Residue Theorem, a domain must be selected in which the integrand is single-valued. Another application of the Residue Theorem, useful in determining the number of zeros and poles of a meromorphic function, is the argument principle. In addition, other techniques are presented in the chapter that can be extended to functions that are quotients of polynomials with poles of order 1 on the positive real axis.
Sartorial Subversion: Eliza Haywood’s Fantomina and the Literary Tradition of Women’s Community

This article locates Fantomina in a literary tradition that proposes all-female communities, such as convents and monasteries, as liberating and empowering spaces. I argue that the novella implies ...
Early childhood poverty and adult executive functioning: Distinct, mediating pathways for different domains of executive functioning.

Executive functioning in adulthood is associated with early-in-life disadvantage. Furthermore, distinct and independent underlying processes account for differences in specific domains of adult executive functioning. The duration of poverty from birth to age 9 is associated with reduced adult inhibitory control assessed by the Flanker task (n = 233, M = 23.52 years). This effect is largely explained by lower levels of maternal responsiveness in adolescence. Early poverty also related to worse working memory in adulthood, and this effect is partially explained by elevated allostatic load during adolescence, an index of chronic physiological stress.
Inferring Function Semantics to Optimize Queries

The goal of the COKO-KOLA project [10, 9] is to express rules of rule-based optimizers in a manner permitting verification with a theorem prover. In [10], we considered query transformations that were too general to be expressed with rewrite rules. In this paper, we consider the complementary issue of expressing query transformations that are too specifc for rewrite rules. Such transformations require rewrite rules to be supplemented with semantic conditions to guard rule firing. This work considers the expression of such transformations using conditional rewrite rules, and the expression of inference rules to guide the optimizer in deciding if semantic conditions hold. This work differs from existing work in semantic query optimization in that semantic transformations in our framework are verifiable with a theorem prover. Further, our use of inference rules to guide semantic reasoning makes our optimizer extensible in a manner that is complementary to the extensibility benefits of existing rule-based technology.
Colonic motor dysfunction in human diabetes is associated with enteric neuronal loss and increased oxidative stress.

Background Gastrointestinal dysfunction is very common in diabetic patients. We assessed the changes in the colonic enteric nervous system using colectomy specimens and intestinal biopsies from diabetic subjects and age-matched controls. Methods In control and diabetic colons, we determined the total ganglion area (hematoxylin–eosin staining), changes in neuronal markers–protein gene product 9.5, peripherin, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), neuropeptide Y (NPY), choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (by immunostaining), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3 staining) and reduced glutathione levels. Superoxide dismutase mRNA was determined in enteric ganglia isolated by laser capture micro dissection. Isometric muscle recording was used to assess contraction and relaxation responses of colonic circular muscle strips. Apoptosis in enteric neurons under hyperglycemia in vitro was determined by cleaved caspase-3 Western blotting and protective effects of lipoic acid were evaluated. Key Results Diabetic subjects had higher incidence of lower gastrointestinal symptoms like constipation and diarrhea at baseline prior to surgery. Diabetic ganglia displayed significant decrease in ganglion size due to enhanced apoptosis and loss of peripherin, nNOS, NPY, and ChAT neurons. Reduced glutathione levels in the diabetic colon (HbA1C > 7%) were significantly less than the control, indicating increased oxidative stress. Colonic circular muscle strips from diabetic subjects showed impaired contraction and relaxation responses compared with the healthy controls. Hyperglycemia-induced cleaved caspase-3 in enteric neurons was reversed by lipoic acid. Conclusions & Inferences Our data demonstrate loss of enteric neurons in the colon due to increased oxidative stress and apoptosis which may cause the motility disturbances seen in human diabetes. Antioxidants may be of therapeutic value for preventing motility disorders in diabetes.
Dome: parallel programming in a distributed computing environment

The Distributed object migration environment (Dome) addresses three major issues of distributed parallel programming: ease of use, load balancing, and fault tolerance. Dome provides process control, data distribution, communication, and synchronization for Dome programs running in a heterogeneous distributed computing environment. The parallel programmer writes a C++ program using Dome objects which are automatically partitioned and distributed over a network of computers. Dome incorporates a load balancing facility that automatically adjusts the mapping of objects to machines at runtime, exhibiting significant performance gains over standard message passing programs executing in an imbalanced system. Dome also provides checkpointing of program state in an architecture independent manner allowing Dome programs to be checkpointed on one architecture and restarted on another.
Poetic Modernism and the Century's Wars

Writing from an internment camp at Pisa in 1945, where he was imprisoned for treason to the United States government, Ezra Pound turned his attention to another, better time. In the Cantos he composed during this moment his mind shifted insistently from the indignities the sixty-year-old was suffering at Pisa to the promises the young adult had cultivated in London – from the end of World War II, that is, to the period just before the start of World War I. This was the beginning, these the sap years of the movement for which he had been designated, at least by himself, as leader and agent provocateur. His recollection of artists gathering before that earlier war in the Wiener Cafe in the British Museum district (Canto LXXX), for example, locates a center of reference for the energy he shared with his companion talents; here, in effect, was the vortex and origin-point for the extraordinary force field that would become literary modernism in English. This group included those British and Irish and American writers Pound knew by first (and nick-) names – Wyndham Lewis and T. S. Eliot, Ford Madox Ford and T. E. Hulme, William Butler Yeats and James Joyce. “[T]hese the companions,” goes the invocation in the ritual memory of his first Pisan Canto (LXXIV), which is now, however, a wholly elegiac commemoration:
Tests of the Efficient Market Model Using Aggregate Odd-Lot Data

Odd-lot data over 1904-1972 provide a unique way to examine market efficiency because the data were private before 1936 and public thereafter. They also have intuitive appeal because they seem to pit the untutored small investor against the professional. Several commentators on the odd-lot data provide guidance to the construction of trading rules that go against the public trading tendencies. There is good evidence that some of these rules are well-conceived to secure profits over the time periods used to construct them. Prior to 1920 the stock market shows some slight evidence of being strong-form inefficient with respect to these data. However, after 1941 there is no evidence of a profitable strategy. The verdict is that the market is efficient with respect to odd-lot data and that coppering the public with these data does not pay.
Misperceptions of Feedback in Dynamic Decision Making

In recent years laboratory experiments have shed significant light on human behavior in a variety of microeconomic and decision-theoretic contexts including auctions, bargaining, and preference elicitation (Plott 1986, Smith 1986, Slovic and Lichtenstein 1983). Despite the success of experimental techniques in the domain of the individual and small group, there has been comparatively little work relating the behavior of decision makers to the dynamics of larger organizations such as an industry or the macroeconomy. Experiments in both economics and psychology have focussed (with significant exceptions, e.g. Hogarth and Makridakis 1981, Kleinmuntz 1985, Brehmer 1986, Smith 1986) on static and discrete judgments. Hogarth (1981, 198) emphasizes …the continuous, adaptive nature of the judgmental processes used to cope with a complex, changing environment…. With few exceptions…judgment researchers have focussed on discrete incidents (particular actions, predictions, and choices) that punctuate these continuous processes; furthermore, task environments are typically conceptualized to be stable.…. [I]nsufficient attention has been paid to the effect of feedback between organism and environment.
Repeated determinants within the retinal interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP): immunological properties of the repeats of an immunodominant determinant.

Abstract Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), a glycoprotein which localizes in the retina and pineal gland, induces inflammatory changes in these organs (EAU and EAP, respectively) when injected into various mammals. We have previously identified a determinant (residues 1169–1191) in bovine IRBP which is immunodominant and highly immunogenic and immunopathogenic in Lewis rats. IRBP exhibits a fourfold repeat structure and we report here on the comparison between the active sequence 1179–1191 and its three repeat peptides. Only one of the repeats, 271–283, cross-reacted with 1179–1191 and exhibited immunodominance, albeit of a low level. Peptide 271–283 was also immunogenic and immunopathogenic in Lewis rats, but with a minimal dose ~ 100 times higher than that of 1179–1191. Peptide 880–892, a nondominant determinant, resembled 271–283 in its immunogenicity, but was markedly less immunopathogenic. No immunological activity was detected in the fourth repeat peptide, 579–591. Peptide 1179–1191 was superior to the other repeats also in its antigenicity, i.e., the capacity to stimulate presensitized lymphocytes in culture: the minimal stimulatory concentrations of 1179–1191 was >1000 times lower than those of 271–283 or 880–892. Furthermore, 1179–1191 was stimulatory at concentrations lower than those of 271–283 even when tested with lymphocytes sensitized against 271–283. A correlation was also found between the immunological activities of the repeat peptides and their amphipathicity. This study thus identifies two new immunopathogenic determinants of IRBP and provides additional data to show the association between immunodominance of peptides and their various immunological activities.
Modular Waste/Renewable Energy System for Production of Electricity, Heat, and Potable Water in Remote Locations

Methods and designs for a modular waste processing system that will utilize an anaerobic process to produce hydrogen from food, animal, or human waste are being developed by this ongoing research effort. This hydrogen will be used to produce electricity in a reciprocating engine or fuel cell. A solar energy system has been designed and tested to provide heat for pre and post processing of waste and production of potable water. Potentially harmful pathogens from the waste are isolated from the environment and are drastically reduced by a thermal process. It is anticipated that this combined waste processing and renewable energy unit would be constructed in a standard shipping container for use in undeveloped and/or remote locations or at disaster sites. Hydrogen has many well established advantages as a clean renewable energy source. The use of microbial organisms to produce hydrogen has many advantages over more conventional techniques. Remote locations place a premium on the availability of electricity, heat, and potable water. Methane production by biological means is often used for producing electricity. Using microorganisms that produce hydrogen rather than methane significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions for the overall process. By using this hydrogen in a reciprocating engine or fuel cell the major end products would be electricity, water, and heat. To produce hydrogen rather than methane an aerobically it is necessary to first thermally pretreat the feed material. The developed solar energy system has consistently produced temperatures above 115aC. Typical hydrogen concentrations produced in the fermentation using food waste are 22% after 48 hours. Current efforts include use of a statistical experimental design to determine optimal operating parameters and a preliminary modular energy system design. The next steps in this effort will involve research and development of a bench-top prototype system and subsequently development and testing of a full scale prototype unit.
Hrothgar's ‘sermon’ in Beowulf as parental wisdom

Until fairly recently modern commentators seem to have agreed that the gnomic sayings in Beowulf carry us away from the main current of the poem into the ‘doldrums of didacticism’. Now, however, at least two critics have suggested that these apparently trite old saws are in fact central to the epic and that they reflect a way of thinking about the aims and methods of literary composition that we no longer share. Instead of merely cataloguing their appearances, as earlier readers had done, Robert B. Burlin has persuasively shown us how the Beowulf poet uses at least some of the gnomic sayings effectively and skilfully to ‘give both shape and scope to his utterance…relating the actuality of his fiction to familiar universals in the appreciation of which his audience can easily concur’. Burlin himself does not set out to question the prevailing assumption that the gnomic sayings are ‘not in the same artistic league with the obliquity of the “digressions”’, but T. A. Shippey has gone on to point out that ‘they have power and beauty in their own right’. He also argues that the Beowulf poet was not especially original in his use of the gnomic sayings but in fact depended on their traditional function: ‘the poet was rightly but only exploiting…qualities incomprehensible to those who see them as linguistic phenomena devoid of social content’. Building on his own earlier work and on Burlin's analysis, Shippey suggests that the maxims in Beowulf reflect cultural ideals and that ‘they bind the characters, the poet, and the audience together in common assumptions too precious to be threatened, establishing what Professor Burlin calls “societal interdependence”, a theme very close to the heart of the poem’.
Investigation of the Measured Quality Factor Versus Polarization Voltage of a Multiple-Beam Tuning-Fork Gyroscope

In light of the importance of the mechanical Quality factor (Q) to the ultimate performance of tuning-fork gyroscopes, this paper presents an investigation on the effect of polarization voltage on the Q of a multiple-beam tuning-fork gyroscope. An experimental study is conducted to quantify the relation of the measured Q of the gyroscope to polarization voltage. The two loss mechanisms, thermoelastic damping and anchor loss, in the device are analyzed to identify the reason behind the Q drop with polarization voltage. Using a numerical model of thermoelastic damping built upon thermal-energy method, polarization voltage is found to have a negligible effect on the Q of the gyroscope. Due to the asymmetry of the fabricated devices resulting from fabrication variations, anchor loss is identified as the cause of the Q drop with polarization voltage and an analytical model of anchor loss is further proposed to take polarization voltage into account.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
OCCURRENCE OF CHOLINE ESTERS IN THE MARINE DINOFLAGELLATE AMPHIDINIUM CARTERI12

SUMMARY Acrylylcholine, choline O-sulfate, and a yet unidentified choline ester have been isolated from cells of Amphidinium carteri. Natural and synthetic acrylyl choline had approximately 1/4,000 the activity of acetylcholine and choline O-sulfate about 1/20,000 the activity on isolated Mercenaria mercenaria heart.