cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of positional instillation of contrast cystography in the algorithm for evaluating children with confirmed pyelonephritis

Abstract Objectives To assess the utility of positional instillation of contrast (PIC) cystography in detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in patients with renal scarring from recurrent febrile urinary tract infections that standard voiding cystourethrography and nuclear cystogram imaging failed to reveal. Methods Between June 2004 and November 2004, a total of 5 pediatric patients with recurrent febrile urinary tract infections and radiologic evidence of upper tract involvement were examined with PIC cystography. All patients had at least one previous negative standard reflux study (voiding cystourethrography or nuclear cystography). Results All 5 patients showed VUR on PIC cystography. Unilateral reflux was detected in 3 patients, and 2 patients had bilateral VUR. Conclusions The PIC cystogram should be integrated into the algorithm for diagnosing patients with recurrent febrile urinary tract infection, who do not exhibit VUR on standard imaging modalities. The morbidity associated with undiagnosed VUR, as demonstrated by this group of patients, suggests that permanent renal damage may be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment.
Reproducible complete remission of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with sorafenib in combination with clopidogrel.

We present a 57-year-old Caucasian man with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) twice achieving complete remission with reduced dose sorafenib. His initial diagnosis of HCC rapidly improved with sorafenib and he achieved a complete biochemical and radiographic response within 7 months. Remission lasted only 5 months but we noted that the timing of his relapse was immediately after he incidentally discontinued clopidogrel. It was restarted and within 5 months of restarting clopidogrel he once again achieved complete remission. The course of his remission was followed and temporal association of sorafenib remission with use of clopidogrel was observed.
Avoiding Desktop Disasters: Why Technical Communication Students should Learn about Mechanical Paste up Techniques

Today many students learn how to use desktop programs such as PageMaker and Ventura in technical communication courses; however, few of those students are also learning the principles of graphic design underlying the production of mechanicals. The ability to use a desktop publishing program does not necessarily guarantee the ability to produce well-designed and effective documents. In fact, the growing use of desktop publishing software has led to a proliferation of documents that violate all the rules of good design. This article describes a technical publications course in which students gain a better understanding of the principles of design and layout by using mechanical paste up techniques
Time-interval analysis of interjudge and intrajudge agreement for stuttering event judgments.

In response to the recognized need for a valid and reliable way to measure stuttering, this study investigates a measurement methodology based on time-interval analyses of stuttering event judgment...
In search of an Ancient Maya market

Market economies are notoriously difficult to identify in the archeological record. This is particularly true in the subtropical Maya lowlands of Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize because most utilitarian items and consumables were made of highly perishable materials. We explore the hypothesis that ancient marketplaces can be identified through analysis of chemical residues in soils from open and easily accessible spaces in and about ancient Maya cities. We compared soil chemical signatures from a credible ancient marketplace location in the specialized trade center of Chunchucmil, Yucatan, Mexico to those from a modern marketplace at Antigua, Guatemala. We found extraordinarily high concentrations of phosphorus and zinc in the soil of Chunchucmil's proposed marketplace and the same high concentrations correlate well with food preparation and vegetable sales areas at the modern marketplace. These methods hold promise in resolving the vexing question of how large ancient Maya urban populations were sustained.
Region Extraction from Complex Shapes

An algorithm is described which extracts primitive regions (i.e., convex, spiral shaped, and biconcave lens) from complex shapes. The interior region bounded by the shape is decomposed by first slicing it into a set of convex subregions and then rotating and dissolving the various boundaries between subregions until a satisfactory decomposition is obtained. The same algorithm also is used to decompose the exterior region between the shape and its convex hull. The algorithm has been implemented as an Algol-W computer program for the UNIVAC 90/80 and results of running the program are presented for a wide variety of complex shapes. These results compare favorably with the experience reported by previous programs.
Cascade inversionless and inversion lasers

Abstract It is shown that simultaneous lasing on two cascade transitions may be realized in an ensemble of incoherently pumped three- level atoms confined in a doubly resonant cavity. Depending on the ratio of the cavity decay rates for the two laser fields, the cascade system may exhibit both lasing without inversion and with inversion. That is, one lasing field is generated from light amplification by coherence while the other is by stimulated emission from population inversion, and vise versa.
Idealized cultural beliefs about gender: implications for mental health

In this paper, we examined the relationship between culture-specific ideals (chastity, masculinity, caste beliefs) and self-esteem, shame and depression using an idealized cultural model proposed by Mahalingam (2006, In: Mahalingam R (ed) Cultural psychology of immigrants. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, pp 1–14). Participants were from communities with a history of extreme male-biased sex ratios in Tamilnadu, India (N = 785). We hypothesized a dual-process model of self-appraisals suggesting that achieving idealized cultural identities would increase both self-esteem and shame, with the latter leading to depression, even after controlling for key covariates. We tested this using structural equation modeling. The proposed idealized cultural identities model had an excellent fit (CFI = 0.99); the effect of idealized identities on self-esteem, shame and depression differed by gender. Idealized beliefs about gender relate to psychological well-being in gender specific ways in extreme son preference communities. We discuss implications of these findings for future research and community-based interventions.
Assessment and Treatment of Knee Pain in the Child and Adolescent Athlete

Knee pain in children and adolescents is one of the most prevalent complaints in a pediatric practice, accounting for at least a third of musculoskeletal complaints. Accurate diagnosis requires an understanding of knee anatomy and patterns of knee injuries and skill in physical examination. This review covers the most common causes of knee pain in children and adolescents, including overuse issues, such as Osgood-Schlatter and osteochondritis dissecans, as well as traumatic injuries, including tibial spine fractures and anterior cruciate ligament injuries.
Faneuil hall: Shrine of American oratory

This essay traces the history of Boston's Faneuil Hall as a major forum in American public address. A center of revolutionary oratory in colonial days, the hall has provided a prominent platform for speakers and issues to the present day. The building merits its reputation as the symbolic home of American rhetoric.
International experiences with diclofenac in osteoarthritis.

Abstract Despite a wide range of study designs, a multiplicity of international trials of diclofenac in osteoarthritis have disclosed similar results. These include double-blind comparisons with Indomethacin, aspirin, naproxen, ibuprofen, sulindac, and diflunisal, as well as open trials from European field studies. The results of this review document that diclofenac is as effective as other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Discontent in investigation: Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose?

Abstract Paul Wachtel's classic paper on “Investigation and its discontents” sounds a contemporary tone even though it was published over 25 years ago. This commentary discusses two aspects of the original manuscript – productivity and grant funding – and their implications for psychological science in the context of funding agencies’ current strong emphasis on neuroscience and interdisciplinary research.
Encoding Variability and Cuing in Generative Processing

Abstract A multiple-cue hypothesis was proposed by Soraci et al. (1994) to account for incongruous item generation effects. They reported a positive relationship between the number of cues at acquisition and subsequent recall for generation, but not read, conditions. The present experiments explored the role of cuing in congruous generation encoding contexts. In Experiments 1 and 2, no multiple cuing advantage was found across congruous generation encoding contexts when cues were directed at the same semantic referent. Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrated a recall advantage for multiple cues in congruous generation conditions only when both semantic referents of a homograph were cued. In contrast, Experiment 5, involving incongruous generation, demonstrated equivalent levels of recall for redundant and variable multiple cuing conditions. These data indicate that the original multiple-cue hypothesis should be modified to include the critical role that generative processing has in promoting the utilization of multiple referents (i.e., potential response candidates) in recall.
Isomeric polyimides based on fluorinated dianhydrides and diamines for gas separation applications

Abstract The gas sorption and transport properties of two isomeric polyimides with hexafluoroisopropylidene moieties in the diamine and dianhydride monomers were characterized for a variety of gases at 35°C at pressures up to 60 atm. These materials have structural properties which inhibit intrasegmental rotational mobility and intersegmental chain packing. The effect of isomerism on the physical and gas separation properties of these rigid materials was investigated. The effect of isomerism on the hindrance to packing is reflected in the wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements of the average spacing between adjacent polymer chains. The para connected polyimide showed significant increases in permeability relative to a series of polyimides studied earlier with less packing-disruptive substituents on the polymer backbone. The permeability of the higher flux material was 64 barrers for CO 2 and 16 barters for O 2 . The meta connected polyimide showed large decreases in permeability with corresponding increases in permselectivity when compared to its para counterpart. For example, the permselectivity of the meta material for O 2 relative to N 2 is 6.9 which is 50% greater than that of the para connected material. The differences in permeability and permselectivity are due to both penetrant solubility and diffusivity effects.
Approximate computing: Energy-efficient computing with good-enough results

Summary form only given. With the explosion in digital data, computing platforms are increasingly being used to execute applications (such as web search, data analytics, sensor data processing, recognition, mining, and synthesis) for which “correctness” is defined as producing results that are good enough, or of sufficient quality. Such applications invariably demonstrate a high degree of inherent resilience to their underlying computations being executed in an approximate manner. This inherent resilience is due to several factors including redundancy in the input data, the statistical nature of the computations themselves, and the acceptability (often, inevitability) of less-than-perfect results. Approximate computing is an approach to designing systems that are more efficient, by leveraging the inherent resilience of applications. We will outline a range of approximate computing techniques that we have developed from software to architecture to circuits, which have shown promising results. We conclude with a discussion of some of the challenges that need to be addressed to facilitate a broader adoption of approximate computing.
Corrigendum to “Kinetics of the oxidation of reduced Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase by peroxymonocarbonate” [Free Radic. Biol. Med. 53 (2012) 589–594]

Corrigendum to ‘‘Kinetics of the oxidation of reduced Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase by peroxymonocarbonate’’ [Free Radic. Biol. Med. 53 (2012) 589–594] Kalina Ranguelova , Douglas Ganini , Marcelo G. Bonini , Robert E. London , Ronald P. Mason a,n a Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA b Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA c Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Multiple kinetic states underlying macroscopic M-currents in bullfrog sympathetic neurons.

M-current is a time- and voltage-dependent potassium current which is suppressible by muscarinic receptor activation. We have used curve fitting and noise analysis to determine if macroscopic M-currents deviate from a previously predicted simple two-state kinetic scheme. The M-current was best described by three kinetically distinct components: \`fast' ($\tau \_{0}$), \`intermediate' ($\tau \_{1}$) and \`slow' ($\tau \_{2}$) time constants. The \`fast' ($\tau \_{0}$) and \`intermediate' ($\tau \_{1}$) components were identified from the spectra of M-current noise at potentials positive to the cells' resting membrane potential. The \`intermediate' ($\tau \_{1}$) and \`slow' ($\tau \_{2}$) components were seen by curve fitting M-current deactivation currents. The \`intermediate' ($\tau \_{1}$) time constant was voltage dependent (decreasing e-fold in 23 mV), but voltage dependence of the \`fast' ($\tau \_{0}$) and \`slow' ($\tau \_{2}$) components was not obvious. All kinetic components were sensitive to muscarine, with the \`intermediate' ($\tau \_{1}$) and \`slow' ($\tau \_{2}$) being equally so. These data suggest that all components may derive from the same channel population, and that the M-channel may have at least four kinetic states.
Phosphate-sulfide assemblages and Al/Ca ratios in type-3 chondrites

Electron microscopic examinations were carried out on various chondrites to re-examine previously reported anomalously high Al/Ca ratios. Polished thin sections of the three CV3, two CO3 and the Krymka LL3 chondrites were scanned to characterize the phosphate-sulfide inclusions. The formation of the assemblages was interpreted as proceeding in five steps, starting with the formation of metal grains with early nebular material and finishing with a reaction between schreibersite with Ca, O and Cl to form merrillite and chloropatite. The abundances of the observed assemblages were not high enough to imply Al/Ca ratios similar to whole-rocks. It is concluded that the specimens were originally examined with a broader electron beam than used to examine standard samples, and resulted in the anomalously high Al/Ca ratios.
Accurate momentum-space method for scattering by nuclear and Coulomb potentials

A coordinate-space boundary-matching method is used to solve the problem of including the long-range Coulomb interaction in momentum-space calculations of elastic scattering.
Technical report demand at a research university

Abstract The demand for technical reports among the faculty, students, and staff of the Pennsylvania State University has been studied. The study focuses on noncurrent technical reports, that is, those at least one-year-old. Data was collected from an ongoing report ordering program. A detailed profile is presented of both the users and of the reports used.
Characterization of acoustic noise in a neonatal intensive care unit MRI system

Background To eliminate the medical risks and logistical challenges of transporting infants from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to the radiology department for magnetic resonance imaging, a small-footprint 1.5-T MRI scanner has been developed for neonatal imaging within the NICU. MRI is known to be noisy, and exposure to excessive acoustic noise has the potential to elicit physiological distress and impact development in the term and preterm infant.
Radar backscatter analysis using fractional Fourier transform

This paper focuses on analyzing radar backscatter returns using the fractional Fourier transform. This study is motivated by two factors: first, to examine the radar backscatter mechanism of standard small targets; and second, to extract pertinent scattering features that can be used in target recognition. Radar returns have been examined using time-frequency analysis techniques, particularly those targets with dispersive scattering behavior. The FrFT scattering analysis scheme is tested using real radar signatures of commercial aircraft recorded in the UHF range.
Buildings and shadows

This is an expository paper describing geometries associated to the groups of Lie type, following Jacques Tits' theory of buildings and his earlier theory of shadows. The geometry of shadows in the case of the general linear group is simply the set of subspaces of the underlying vector space with the relation of inclusion. The vertices and edges of the Tits building in this case also correspond to subspaces and inclusion respectively. That the automorphism group of this geometry is the semi-direct product of the projective general linear group and the group of field automorphisms is called thefundamental theorem of projective geometry. The theory of buildings and shadows provides analogous geometries and an analogous theorem for each group of Lie type.
Do government sponsored marriage promotion policies place undue pressure on individual rights

The dominance of social science research in the debate over the Bush Administration’s Healthy Marriage Initiative may explain why questions regarding the proper role of government in regulating adult intimacy have received little attention. Social science research focuses on outcomes such as well-being and health. In contrast, rights-based legal theory considers whether state action undermines the rights of individuals. In this article, I intend to shift the debate over marriage promotion policy from questions of child well-being to questions of individual rights. I will ask the following questions: Do individuals have a liberty interest in making their own choices about intimate relationships, such as marriage? Do federally-financed (and frequently state-run) marriage programs compromise this liberty interest? Are there any constitutional grounds for objecting to marriage promotion policy?
Fatigue crack growth modeling of pipeline steels in high pressure gaseous hydrogen

Abstract Hydrogen will likely play a key role in a future clean energy economy. However, fundamental understanding of the deleterious effects of hydrogen on the fatigue and fracture properties of pipeline steels is lacking. Furthermore, engineering tools for design and lifetime prediction of pipeline steels in gaseous hydrogen are yet to be developed and implemented into national codes. A constitutive model that couples deformation and hydrogen-diffusion, supporting a phenomenological predictive model for fatigue crack growth, is presented for pipeline steels in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. The semi-empirical model is predicated upon the hypothesis that one of two mechanisms dominates the fatigue crack growth response, depending upon the applied load and the material’s hydrogen concentration. The model correlates test results well, and illustrates how the deformation mechanisms contribute to fatigue crack propagation in pipeline steels in environments similar to those found in-service.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Low-Coordinate 1,1,3,3-Tetraethylguanidinate Complexes

Diethylcyanamide is added to a hexanes solution of lithium diethylamide [LiN(CH2CH3)2] resulting in the formation of lithium 1,1,3,3-tetraethylguanidinate, [Li(μ-TEG)]6 (1). Upon successful isolati...
Concurrent and Predictive Validity of the Battelle Development Inventory at the First Grade Level

Concurrent and predictive validity of the Battelle Developmental Inventory (BDI) was investigated. A random sample (N = 50) of 124 children comprising a total grade level in a school district was evaluated during both the kindergarten and first grade school years by using a comprehensive battery of assessments. Results indicated a consistent pattern of relationships between separate BDI domains and assessments that purport to measure similar constructs. An especially salient finding was that the BDI evidenced higher predictive values of achievement at the first grade than did other established assessments. The data were interpreted to support the BDI as a valid multifactored assessment for use in educational, clinical, and/or research endeavors with young children.
In vivo mitral valve morphology and motion in mitral valve prolapse.

Mitral leaflet morphology in mitral valve prolapse (MVP) has been suggested to be prognostically important, but in vivo valvular morphology is incompletely described in patients with MVP or in normal subjects. Accordingly, the length of both mitral leaflets and their zone of apposition, the thickness of their rough and clear zones, diastolic and systolic mitral annular diameters, and indexes of abnormal leaflet motion were measured in the parasternal long-axis echocardiographic view in 100 patients with MVP and 100 age- and sex-matched normal subjects. In both groups posterior leaflet thickness was related to age, as were anterior leaflet thickness and posterior leaflet length in patients with MVP. Compared with normal subjects, MVP patients without mitral regurgitation had thickened leaflets, elongated anterior leaflets, and large annular diameters (p 3 mm posterior leaflet billowing into the left atrium (60% vs 34%). Thus, mitral valve size and leaflet thickness are increased in MVP patients without as well as with clinically important mitral regurgitation. The usefulness of leaflet thickening as a marker of severe MVP is limited by its high prevalence in patients with clinically mild MVP.
Potential revenue from electrical energy storage in the Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT)

This paper outlines the calculations required to estimate the maximum potential revenue from participation in arbitrage and regulation in day-ahead markets using linear programming. Then, we use historical Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) data from 2011-2012 to evaluate the maximum potential revenue from a hypothetical 32 MWh, 8 MW system. We investigate the maximum potential revenue from two different scenarios: arbitrage only and arbitrage combined with regulation. Our analysis shows that, with perfect foresight, participation in the regulation market would have produced more than twice the revenue compared to arbitrage in the ERCOT market in 2011 and 2012. Three simple trading strategies that do not rely on perfect knowledge are then compared to the optimization results.
Effects of a single dose of N-carbamylglutamate on the rate of ureagenesis.

Abstract We studied the effect on ureagenesis of a single dose of N -carbamylglutamate (NCG) in healthy young adults who received a constant infusion (300min) of NaH 13 CO 3 . Isotope ratio-mass spectrometry was used to measure the appearance of label in [ 13 C]urea. At 90min after initiating the H 13 CO 3 - infusion each subject took a single dose of NCG (50mg/kg). In 5/6 studies the administration of NCG increased the formation of [ 13 C]urea. Treatment with NCG significantly diminished the concentration of blood alanine, but not that of glutamine or arginine. The blood glucose concentration was unaffected by NCG administration. No untoward side effects were observed. The data indicate that treatment with NCG stimulates ureagenesis and could be useful in clinical settings of acute hyperammonemia of various etiologies.
Sensitivity and specificity of 3-D texture analysis of lung parenchyma is better than 2-D for discrimination of lung pathology in stage 0 COPD

Lung parenchyma evaluation via multidetector-row CT (MDCT), has significantly altered clinical practice in the early detection of lung disease. Our goal is to enhance our texture-based tissue classification ability to differentiate early pathologic processes by extending our 2-D Adaptive Multiple Feature Method (AMFM) to 3-D AMFM. We performed MDCT on 34 human volunteers in five categories: emphysema in severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as EC, emphysema in mild COPD (MC), normal appearing lung in COPD (NC), non-smokers with normal lung function (NN), smokers with normal function (NS). We volumetrically excluded the airway and vessel regions, calculated 24 volumetric texture features for each Volume of Interest (VOI); and used Bayesian rules for discrimination. Leave-one-out and half-half methods were used for testing. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated. The accuracy of the leave-one-out method for the four-class classification in the form of 3-D/2-D is: EC: 84.9%/70.7%, MC: 89.8%/82.7%; NC: 87.5.0%/49.6%; NN: 100.0%/60.0%. The accuracy of the leave-one-out method for the two-class classification in the form of 3-D/2-D is: NN: 99.3%/71.6%; NS: 99.7%/74.5%. We conclude that 3-D AMFM analysis of the lung parenchyma improves discrimination compared to 2-D analysis of the same images.
Integrated RF/shim coil array for parallel reception and localized B0 shimming in the human brain

The purpose of this work was to develop a novel integrated radiofrequency and shim (RF/shim) coil array that can perform parallel reception and localized B0 shimming in the human brain with the same coils, thereby maximizing both the signal-to-noise ratio and shimming efficiency. A 32-channel receive-only head coil array was modified to enable both RF currents (for signal reception) and direct currents (for B0 shimming) to flow in individual coil elements. Its in vivo performance was assessed in the frontal brain region, which is affected by large susceptibility-induced B0 inhomogeneities. The coil modifications did not reduce their quality factor or signal-to-noise ratio. Axial B0 maps and echo-planar images acquired in vivo with direct currents optimized to shim specific slices showed substantially reduced B0 inhomogeneities and image distortions in the frontal brain region. The B0 root-mean-square error in the anterior half of the brain was reduced by 60.3% as compared to that obtained with second-order spherical harmonic shimming. These results demonstrate that the integrated RF/shim coil array can perform parallel reception and localized B0 shimming in the human brain and provide a much more effective shimming than conventional spherical harmonic shimming alone, without taking up additional space in the magnet bore and without compromising the signal-to-noise ratio or shimming performance.
Indicators in benzene in the presence of polyoxyethylene(6) nonylphenol

Abstract Bromophenol blue and picric acid undergo hydrogen bonded ion pair formation with polyoxyethylene (6) nonylphenol, Igepal CO-530, in dry benzene. Combination of the absorption spectrophotometric data for complex formation between bromophenol blue and Igepal CO-530 with the 1 H NMR chemical shifts of the surfactant protons in the presence of the dye allowed the estimation of the average aggregation number for the association of the surfactant. This value in the presence of bromnphenol blue is 2.6 while in neat Igepal CO-530 it is 1.5. Solubilizates affect, therefore, the aggregation properties of surfactants in nonpolar solvents. Apparent dissociation constants, p K a app values, have been determined for malachite green, bromophenol blue, thymol blue and methyl orange in water pools, solubilized by Igepal CO-530 in benzene, by titration with HC10 4 . The p K a app values in this medium differ from the corresponding p K a values in bulk water by as much as 7.0 units. For malachite green effects on p K a app increased with increasing ratios of [Igepal CO-530]/[H 2 O]. At given HC10 4 concentrations ratios of unprotonated to protonated malachite green increase with increasing concentrations of the surfactant. In no case, however, is the deprotonation complete. The higher the HC10 4 concentration the less complete is the deprotonation. Water pools entrapped by Igepal CO-530 in benzene provides, therefore, a relatively basic medium.
Phase relations in the CaMnO system

Abstract The use of solid solution precursors is introduced as an effective low temperature synthesis technique which facilitates solid state reaction in selected mixed metal oxide systems. This synthesis technique has been used to study phase relations in the manganese-rich portion of the CaMnO system at temperatures below 1000°C, and has resulted in the assemblage of a new isobaric (PO2 = 1.0 atm), subsolidus phase diagram. This diagram contains several low temperature phases having the following compositions: Ca2Mn3O8, CaMn3O6, CaMn4O8 and CaMn7O12. The experimental results of this study along with literature data are used to present a proposed isobaric (PO2 = 0.2 atm) phase diagram for the entire CaMnO system.
Influence of multivalent nitrilotriacetic acid lipid-ligand affinity on the circulation half-life in mice of a liposome-attached his6-protein

Metal chelation-ligand interactions, such as occur between nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-nickel and multihistidines, enable the noncovalent attachment of histidine-modified proteins to liposomes and other particles. We compared three lipids: a mono-NTA lipid (ca. 10 microM affinity) and two tris-NTA lipid derivatives (ca. 3 nM and 0.2 nM affinity) in their ability to retain two different his(6)-containing proteins on NTA-liposomes in the presence of serum or plasma and after intravenous injection in mice. At nanomolar affinities, the off-rate of a his(6)-ligand is sufficiently long so that his(6)-proteins attached to particle surfaces will remain with the particle for hours; thus, we hypothesized that the increased his(6) affinity of multivalent NTA-modified liposomes would retain his(6)-proteins longer both in vitro and in vivo. For each of the three lipids, we found a robust association and complete activity retention of two his(6)-modified proteins: a far red-fluorescent protein, monomeric Katushka (mKate), and a prodrug-converting enzyme, yeast cytosine deaminase (yCD). Proteins associated more tightly in vitro with tris-NTA liposomes than with mono-NTA liposomes in the presence of refiltered fetal calf serum and mouse plasma. Free yCD exchanged with previously associated mKate for tris-NTA binding sites on the liposome surface. This exchange was due to the exchange of the proteins for NTA occupancy and not due to the exchange of tris-NTA lipid out of the liposome. The amount of yCD on the surface was similar if the proteins were co-associated or if mKate was pre-associated. This exchange confirms that NTA associated proteins are in a dynamic state and can exchange with multihistidine proteins in the biological milieu. There was no difference in circulation time of the protein when it was intravenously administered by itself or attached to any of the NTA-modified liposomes because in vivo the protein was rapidly released from the NTA liposomes. Upon recovery from blood, liposomes containing tris-NTA accumulated a different plasma protein profile than control liposomes, suggesting that Ni-NTA specifically interacts with some plasma proteins. The reason for the rapid protein dissociation from the liposome in vivo is not clear; it could be due to displacement by endogenous histidine-containing proteins or to natural chelators that remove nickel from the NTA. Regardless of the cause, improvements in chelator or ligand design are needed before metal chelation will be capable of retaining histidine-modified proteins on NTA liposomes after in vivo administration.
Localization in a three-dimensional metal

The transition from a positive to a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) has been studied in the artificially layered metallic system Nb-Cu. We find the TCR to undergo a rather sudden change in sign from positive to negative as the layer thickness is decreased below approximately 10 A. The temperature dependence of the conductivity in the nonmetallic regime can be explained by localization-type theories, and implies that both localization and Coulomb effects are important in this purely metallic three-dimensional system.
The Moduli of Flat PGL(2,ℝ) Connections on¶Riemann Surfaces

Suppose X is a compact Riemann surface with genus g>1. Each class [σ] ∈ Hom(π1(X),PGL(2,ℝ))/PGL(2,ℝ) is associated with the first and second Stiefel–Whitney classes w 1([σ]) and w 2([σ]). The set of representation classes with a fixed w 1≠ 0 has two connected components. These two connected components are characterized by w 2 being 0 or 1. For each fixed w 1≠ 0, we prove that the component, characterized by w 2= 0, contains an open dense set diffeomorphic to the total space of a vector bundle of rank 2g−2 over a once punctured algebraic torus of dimension g−1. The other component, characterized by w 2= 1, contains an open dense set diffeomorphic to the total space of a vector bundle of rank 2g−2 over an algebraic torus of dimension g−1.
Objectives of a fixed partial denture

Abstract In this discussion, an attempt has been made to point out the objectives of a fixed partial denture. The various components of the fixed partial denture have been discussed and the requirements of each have been analyzed. The desirable qualities of each have been defined and some of the problems encountered have been pointed out. Compromises that are to be expected have been noted, and fundamental principles involved in planning for a biologically acceptable restoration have been discussed. Little attempt has been made to present or recommend techniques or to point out their limitations and the restrictions that they may present.
INADEQUATE CORTISOL RESPONSE TO INSULIN INDUCED HYPOGLYCEMIA TEST (IIHT) IN PREMATURE INFANTS. † 1199

INADEQUATE CORTISOL RESPONSE TO INSULIN INDUCED HYPOGLYCEMIA TEST (IIHT) IN PREMATURE INFANTS. † 1199
THE PATIENCE OF JOB: BETWEEN PROVIDENCE AND DISASTER

If the break with the star could be accomplished in the manner of an event – if we could (if only through the violence that operates in our bruised space), depart from the cosmic order (the world), where whatever the visible disorder, order always dominates – still, the thought of the disaster, in its adjourned imminence, would lend itself to an experience of discovery whereby we could only be recuperated, not exposed to that which escapes in motionless flight, is separate from the living and from the dying and is not experience, but outside the realm of phenomena. –Maurice Blanchot, The Writing of the Disaster ,p . 55
Gravitational-Wave Emission from Rotating Gravitational Collapse

We present results for the gravitational radiation from the collapse to a black hole of rotating relativistic polytropes. The wave form closely resembles that emitted by a test particle infalling into a black hole, but the amplitude is reduced and opposite in sign. Less than 0.07% of the star's mass is converted to gravitational-wave energy. With sufficient rotation, the star bounces and no black hole forms. These results were obtained with a fully general-relativistic computer code that evolves rotating axisymmetric configurations and directly computes their gravitational-radiation emission.
Group therapy with Vietnam veterans: A brief review

This paper reviews the benefits and general considerations regarding group therapy with Vietnam veterans. A review of veteran rap groups and traditional therapy groups highlights the similarities and differences between types of groups used to treat this population. The importance of countertransference reactions and the need to consider a variety of treatment approaches is emphasized.
Temperature response in wild oat (Avena fatua L.) generations segregating for seed dormancy

Crosses between parents with high and low levels of seed dormancy in wild oat were used to produce F1, F2 and backcross populations. Germination phenotypes were determined by imbibing all populations at 15 and 20°C. Rapid germination of genetically more dormant generations was favoured at the lower temperature, i.e. a generation by germination temperature interaction was observed. Evidence that dominance shifted from early germination at 15°C to late germination at 20°C is presented. Epistatic gene action may have been detected at 20°C but not at 15°C. Cumulative germination percentages of F1 caryopses imbibed at 10, 15, 20 and 25°C revealed an inverse relationship between germination rate and temperature. The narrow-sense family heritability of the seed dormancy phenotype of F7 recombinant inbred lines per se was h2f, F=1=0.75 with exact confidence limits of 0.64 and 0.83. Six factors were estimated to be segregating between the dormant and nondormant parents. Genotype by germination temperature interactions may play an adaptive role that allows wild oat to persist in diverse ecosystems.
GRADED RINGS OF LOCAL FINITE REPRESENTATION TYPE

Abstract Graded Artin algebras whose category of graded modules is locally of finite representation type are introduced. The representation theory of such algebras is studied. In the hereditary case and in the stably equivalent to hereditary case, such algebras are classified.
Cortical activity during motor execution, motor imagery, and imagery-based online feedback

Imagery of motor movement plays an important role in learning of complex motor skills, from learning to serve in tennis to perfecting a pirouette in ballet. What and where are the neural substrates that underlie motor imagery-based learning? We measured electrocorticographic cortical surface potentials in eight human subjects during overt action and kinesthetic imagery of the same movement, focusing on power in “high frequency” (76–100 Hz) and “low frequency” (8–32 Hz) ranges. We quantitatively establish that the spatial distribution of local neuronal population activity during motor imagery mimics the spatial distribution of activity during actual motor movement. By comparing responses to electrocortical stimulation with imagery-induced cortical surface activity, we demonstrate the role of primary motor areas in movement imagery. The magnitude of imagery-induced cortical activity change was ∼25% of that associated with actual movement. However, when subjects learned to use this imagery to control a computer cursor in a simple feedback task, the imagery-induced activity change was significantly augmented, even exceeding that of overt movement.
Proteomics Analysis of the Tombusvirus Replicase: Hsp70 Molecular Chaperone Is Associated with the Replicase and Enhances Viral RNA Replication

Plus-strand RNA virus replication occurs via the assembly of viral replicase complexes involving multiple viral and host proteins. To identify host proteins present in the cucumber necrosis tombusvirus (CNV) replicase, we affinity purified functional viral replicase complexes from yeast. Mass spectrometry analysis of proteins resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of CNV p33 and p92 replicase proteins as well as four major host proteins in the CNV replicase. The host proteins included the Ssa1/2p molecular chaperones (yeast homologues of Hsp70 proteins), Tdh2/3p (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an RNA-binding protein), Pdc1p (pyruvate decarboxylase), and an unknown 35-kDa acidic protein. Copurification experiments demonstrated that Ssa1p bound to p33 replication protein in vivo, and surface plasmon resonance measurements with purified recombinant proteins confirmed this interaction in vitro. The double mutant strain (ssa1 ssa2) showed 75% reduction in viral RNA accumulation, whereas overexpression of either Ssa1p or Ssa2p stimulated viral RNA replication by approximately threefold. The activity of the purified CNV replicase correlated with viral RNA replication in the above-mentioned ssa1 ssa2 mutant and in the Ssa overexpression strains, suggesting that Ssa1/2p likely plays an important role in the assembly of the CNV replicase.
Language and disfluency variables in normal speaking children from discrete chronological age groups

Abstract Thirty male and female children from three chronological age groups were compared on Developmental Sentence Score, total words spoken in a language sample, total disfluency, and eight specific disfluency subtypes. Analyses were performed to determine in differences existed among the three age groups, between sexes, and whether language and disfluency were related. No sex differences in either language or disfluency were found. Total disfluency showed only a slight decrease with an increase in chronological age between 4 and 8 years. This suggests that the major disfluency decrease must occur subsequent to age 8. Although the total disfluency changed minimally between ages 4 and 8, some of the disfluency subtypes shifted considerably. Older children were almost as disfluent as younger children, but the topography of their disfluency was different. No significant relationship was found between the disfluency and language variables studied.
Individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease show differential patterns of ERP brain activation during odor identification

Background Studies suggest that older adults at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease may show olfactory processing deficits before other signs of dementia appear.
Interrelationship Among Methionine, Choline, and Betaine in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctutus

The present research was conducted to evaluate if there is an interrelationship between methionine and choline as well as between betaine and choline in feed formulations for channel catfi sh. A semipurifi ed basal diet was formulated to contain 28-g crude protein/100-g diet. DL-methionine was added to the basal diet to produce deplete, suffi cient, and replete levels of methionine (0.35%, 0.39%, and 0.43%); choline chloride (200, 400, and 600-mg choline/kg diet) was added to the basal diet to produce low, median, and high levels of choline; and free base betaine (0 and 1,000mg betaine/kg diet) was added to the basal diet to produce suffi cient and replete levels of betaine in eight experimental diets. Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of fi sh (15 fi sh/each group) over a 13-wk growth trial. Added choline in the diets containing 0.35% (deplete) methionine had a signifi cant linear effect on weight gain and feed consumption. There were no signifi cant differences in weight gain, FCR, survival, HIS, and liver lipid between diet 3 (deplete methionine and high choline) and diet 6 (suffi cient methionine and median choline). Both added choline and betaine in the diets containing 0.39% (suffi cient) methionine had signifi cant effects on weight gain, feed consumption, and FCR. There were no signifi cant differences in the measured parameters between diet 7 (low choline and excess betaine) and diet 6 (median choline and no betaine). Methionine had no signifi cant linear effect on weight gain and feed consumption when choline was low. Therefore, in the absence of suffi cient methionine, choline or betaine can spare a portion of methionine requirement of channel catfi sh. In the absence of suffi cient choline, methionine cannot spare choline requirement of channel catfi sh. Further, in the absence of suffi cient choline, betaine can spare at least a portion of choline requirement of channel catfi sh.
Large-Eddy-Simulation Tools for Multiphase Flows

Multiphase flows occurring in nature and in technological applications are often turbulent. The large range of length scales and timescales in turbulent multiphase flows makes direct numerical simulation of the microscale governing equations intractable for many applications. In this article we review a systematic approach for developing large-eddy-simulation (LES) tools for dispersed multiphase flows starting from the microscale model. A key intermediate step is the mesoscopic model for the dispersed phase, formulated in terms of kinetic equations, that contains the physical models for the flow. Owing to the phase-space variables, direct solution of the mesoscopic model is usually intractable, and additional mathematical approximations are introduced to arrive at a macroscopic model. We show that self-conditioned LES models can be derived for both the mesoscopic and macroscopic models, but the former is preferred to ensure consistency and physical accuracy. The principal difficulties and open challenges ...
THE ENDOMETRIUM IN “ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA” AFTER THERAPY1

Functional meno-metrorrhagia in adolescent girls and in young women often presents a difficult clinical problem to the gynecologist who is charged with the responsibility of effective conservative therapy which avoids any possible impairment of the sexual and procreative functions of his patient. At times the radical measures of hysterectomy or large doses of x-ray or radium seem imperative to prevent exsanguination. A few fatal cases have been reported. Recently, we have encountered such a case in a colored girl, aged 15 years (1). A reliable yet innocuous method of curative therapy would fulfill a long awaited need. As the active endocrinal preparations, which have resulted from the intensive research work of the past decade, have become available to the clinical gynecologist, application of certain of these to the treatment of such patients has been studied. As we have indicated in previous reports (2,3,4), there has been no unanimity of opinion as to the merits of such therapy. Most of these studies h...
Precoding for Multiple Antenna Gaussian Broadcast Channels With Successive Zero-Forcing

In this paper, we consider the multiuser Gaussian broadcast channel with multiple transmit antennas at the base station and multiple receive antennas at each user. Assuming full knowledge of the channel state information at the transmitter and the different receivers, a new transmission scheme that employs partial interference cancellation at the transmitter with dirty-paper encoding and decoding is proposed. The maximal achievable throughput of this system is characterized, and it is shown that given any ordered set of users the proposed scheme is asymptotically optimal in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. In addition, with optimal user ordering, the proposed scheme is shown to be optimal in the low-SNR regime. We also consider a linear transmission scheme which employs only partial interuser interference cancellation at the base station without dirty-paper coding. Given a transmit power constraint at the base station, the sum-rate capacity of this scheme is characterized and a suboptimal precoding algorithm is proposed. In several cases, it is shown that, for all values of the SNR, the achievable throughput of this scheme is strictly larger than a system which employs full interference cancellation at the base station (Spencer et al., 2004). In addition, it is shown that, in some cases, the linear transmission scheme can support simultaneously an increased number of users while achieving a larger system throughput.
Atypical HUS may become a diagnosis of inclusion.

In this issue of Blood , [Gavriilaki and colleagues][1][1][2] describe an assay that could convert atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) from a diagnosis of exclusion into a direct pathophysiologic diagnosis. ![Figure][3] (A) The Ham test incubates PNH red cells with acidified serum,