cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Soil Inoculant Inhibits Armillaria mellea In Vitro and Improves Productivity of Grapevines with Root Disease

Baumgartner, K., and Warnock, A. E. 2006. A soil inoculant inhibits Armillaria mellea in vitro and improves productivity of grapevines with root disease. Plant Dis. 90:439-444. A soil inoculant, Vesta (Biologically Integrated Organics, Inc., Sonoma, CA), was tested for its ability to inhibit Armillaria mellea, causal agent of Armillaria root disease of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Colony diameter of A. mellea was significantly inhibited by undiluted inoculant (P < 0.0001) and by bacterial isolates cultured from the inoculant (Bacillus subtilis, B. lentimorbus, Comamonas testosteroni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. mendocina; P < 0.0001) relative to diameter of the nontreated control. Efficacy of the inoculant for postinfection control of Armillaria root disease of grapevine was examined in an A. mellea–infested vineyard in northern California. Inoculant was applied via drip-irrigation to vine rows in replicate blocks in 2003 and 2004. Yield, growth, mineral nutrition, and juice quality parameters of healthy and symptomatic vines were measured in treated and nontreated vine rows. Significantly decreased petiole P and K concentrations and significantly lower soluble solids content in fruit from symptomatic vines demonstrated that Armillaria root disease negatively affects vine mineral nutritional status and fruit quality, findings that have not been previously reported for an agronomic host of A. mellea. The inoculant significantly increased cluster weights of symptomatic vines (109.63 g/cluster), relative to those of symptomatic-nontreated vines (92.05 g/cluster), to levels comparable to those of healthy vines (122.09 g/cluster). However, the inoculant did not decrease the rate of symptom development or mortality of treated vines from 2002 to 2004. The results of our field experiment suggest that the inoculant may not prevent Armillaria root disease, but can provide therapeutic benefit by improving productivity of infected vines.
Post-ICU consequences of patient wakefulness and sedative exposure during mechanical ventilation

To determine the relationship between measures of critical illness (sedative/analgesic administration, wakefulness and organ dysfunction), intensive care unit (ICU) recall and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Prospective, observational study with post-ICU follow-up. Medical and surgical ICUs at a teaching hospital. Two hundred seventy-seven subjects requiring > 36 h of mechanical ventilation were enrolled; 149 completed follow-up interviews 2 months later and 80 at 6 months. None. ICU recall was greater for events occurring at the end of critical illness; however, 18% of subjects had amnesia for the entire ICU course. Factual ICU recall was weakly associated with increased wakefulness during mechanical ventilation (r 2 = 0.03–0.11, p< 0.05). Posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence was 17% at 2 months and 15% at 6 months. The avoidance-numbing cluster had the highest specificity (91%) for a formal diagnosis and the re-experiencing cluster had the lowest (69%). Recall of a delirious memory during critical illness was associated with more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms, but there was no association between posttraumatic stress symptoms and factual recall of ICU events. Neither ICU recall nor posttraumatic stress symptoms were associated with the intensity of sedative administration during mechanical ventilation. Posttraumatic stress symptoms were lowest in patients either the most awake during mechanical ventilation or the least awake. Wakefulness during mechanical ventilation has a greater influence on post-ICU recall and posttraumatic stress symptoms than sedative drug exposure or severity of illness. It is difficult to predict the future psychological consequences of an individual patient's critical illness.
Rhabdias anolis n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from the lizard, Anolis frenatus (Sauria: Polychrotidae), from Panama.

Rhabdias anolis n. sp. from the lungs of Anolis frenatus collected in Panama is described and illustrated. Rhabdias anolis n. sp. represents the 45th species assigned to the genus and the ninth from the Neotropical Realm. It is distinguished from all other Neotropical species by the presence of a pair of sessile lateral papillae on its tail.
7. The Frequency of Complete Languages

In this chapter, we look at the frequency of complete languages as a tool to separate complexity classes.
Differentiating Exercise-Induced Cardiac Adaptations From Cardiac Pathology: The “Grey Zone” of Clinical Uncertainty

Exercise-induced cardiac remodelling (EICR) refers to the cardiac structural and functional adaptations that occur in response to the hemodynamic stress of strenuous exercise. Differentiating physiological cardiac hypertrophy as a result of EICR from structural cardiac pathology may be challenging in clinical practice because of the phenotypic crossover between extreme forms of the “hearts of athletes” and mild forms of cardiomyopathy. This structural phenotypic overlap equates to a grey zone of clinical uncertainty. Specifically, asymptomatic athletes presenting with extreme left ventricular (LV) dilatation, LV wall thickening, or right ventricular (RV) dilatation require a systematic and integrative diagnostic approach to achieve accurate clinical differentiation. The combination of a careful clinical history and examination, appropriately used multimodality cardiac imaging, functional exercise testing, ambulatory rhythm monitoring, and occasional detraining typically provides the necessary data for diagnostic purposes and sports participation recommendations. Further clinical distinction of the hearts of athletes from cardiac pathology may emerge from future clinical and translational research efforts establishing exercise-related biomarker profiles and mechanisms underlying EICR adaptations.
Identification of resolvin D2 receptor mediating resolution of infections and organ protection

Endogenous mechanisms that orchestrate resolution of acute inflammation are essential in host defense and the return to homeostasis. Resolvin (Rv)D2 is a potent immunoresolvent biosynthesized during active resolution that stereoselectively stimulates resolution of acute inflammation. Here, using an unbiased G protein-coupled receptor-β-arrestin-based screening and functional sensing systems, we identified a receptor for RvD2, namely GPR18, that is expressed on human leukocytes, including polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), monocytes, and macrophages (MΦ). In human MΦ, RvD2-stimulated intracellular cyclic AMP was dependent on GPR18. RvD2-stimulated phagocytosis of Escherichia coli and apoptotic PMN (efferocytosis) were enhanced with GPR18 overexpression and significantly reduced by shRNA knockdown. Specific binding of RvD2 to recombinant GPR18 was confirmed using a synthetic (3)H-labeled-RvD2. Scatchard analysis gave a Kd of ∼10 nM consistent with RvD2 bioactive concentration range. In both E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus infections, RvD2 limited PMN infiltration, enhanced phagocyte clearance of bacteria, and accelerated resolution. These actions were lost in GPR18-deficient mice. During PMN-mediated second organ injury, RvD2's protective actions were also significantly diminished in GPR18-deficient mice. Together, these results provide evidence for a novel RvD2-GPR18 resolution axis that stimulates human and mouse phagocyte functions to control bacterial infections and promote organ protection.
Outcomes related to methotrexate dose and route of administration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review.

Objectives Methotrexate (MTX) is considered the 'anchor drug' in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet many physicians do not optimise MTX regimens in spite of high RA disease activity. The recent development of an auto-injector for the subcutaneous (subQ) administration of MTX has prompted re-evaluation of MTX utilisation. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to determine the optimal dose, drug level, and route of administration for MTX in the context of relevant pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics. Methods A systematic literature review was performed in Medline searching specifically for randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews, case control and cohort studies evaluating outcomes related to MTX dose and route of administration. Articles fulfilling these inclusion criteria were reviewed. Data on MTX dose, route of administration, clinical response, drug levels and adverse events were evaluated. Results Our search identified 420 articles of which 6 were eligible for inclusion using the above criteria. These included 2 systematic reviews, 2 randomised open label trials, one longitudinal study and one retrospective cohort study. Conclusions Efficacy and toxicity for MTX appear related to absorbed dose of MTX, not to route of administration. While bioavailability is greater for parenteral MTX, there is no evidence yet that splitting the oral dose of MTX is less advantageous, less safe or less tolerable than administering parenteral MTX. However, there appear to be modest benefits in beginning with higher doses of MTX, and switching to parenteral MTX when the clinical response to an oral dose is inadequate.
Pharmacokinetics of ARRY-543 from a Phase 1 study in cancer patients

C164 Background: ARRY-543 is an ATP-competitive, selective, reversible inhibitor of EGFR and ErbB2 that is being developed for the treatment of cancer. The safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of ARRY-543 have been assessed in patients as part of a Phase I open-label study with escalating QD and BID dosing. Methods: ARRY-543 was administered to successive cohorts of patients with solid tumors. All patients received a single oral dose followed by a one week observation period. Daily dosing (QD or BID) started on Day 8 with the cycle ending on Day 36. Blood samples were collected on Day 1 of dosing (single dose) and on Day 22 (at steady-state). Plasma concentrations of ARRY-543 were quantitated using a validated LC-MS/MS method with a quantitation range of 5 ng/mL to 40 µg/mL (Keystone Analytical, North Wales, PA). The mean inter-batch values for precision and accuracy of analysis were 5.9% and 1.7%, respectively. Results: As of July 2007, single dose (n=40) and steady-state (n=33) PK has been assessed at dose levels of 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg. Following single doses of ARRY-543, there was a dose-proportional increase in mean C max and AUC inf values over the dose range studied. Following a 400 mg dose, the mean (± SD) C max value was 2.01 ± 1.04 µg/mL, and the mean AUC inf value was 21.6 ± 17.0 µg-hr/mL. The mean T max value tended to increase somewhat from 1.5 to 3.6 hours post-dose with increasing doses, whereas the mean t 1/2 value was similar for all dose levels (6.6 ± 1.5 hours). Following QD dosing, exposure increased in a dose-proportional manner with a maximum mean AUC 24hr value of 34.2 µg-hr/mL for the 400-mg QD cohort (n=3). The mean accumulation ratio for all QD cohorts was 1.46 ± 0.23. Following BID dosing, exposure increased in a linear, but somewhat greater than dose-proportional, manner. The mean daily steady-state plasma AUC increased from 13.5 to 40.9 to 71.3 µg-hr/mL at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg BID, respectively. Preliminary data at the 400 mg BID dose shows continued increases in AUC, with a value of 125 µg-hr/mL. At the 300 mg BID dose level, the mean C max and C trough values were 4.53 and 2.06 µg/mL, respectively, giving a mean peak-to-trough value of 2.2 and a mean accumulation ratio of 1.9. Dosing at 300 mg BID was well-tolerated even though the predicted mean plasma concentrations of ARRY-543 were maintained continually at > 2 µg/mL for 28 days. Preliminary evidence of activity was stable disease, with eight of fifteen patients in the 100-300 mg BID cohorts remaining on therapy for 12 - 32+ weeks. Conclusions: ARRY-543 has shown excellent pharmacokinetic properties in the Phase 1 study. The systemic exposure of ARRY-543 increased dose-proportionally over the range of 50 to 400 mg with no indication of reaching the maximum absorbable dose. The t 1/2 value remained constant with increasing dose. At steady-state, following continuous BID dosing at 300 mg, the drug was well tolerated, and plasma concentrations were maintained at > 2 µg/mL with a small peak-to-trough ratio.
Boundary Condition Implementation for a Coupled Lattice Boltzmann and Navier-Stokes Methodology

A coupled Lattice Boltzmann – Navier-Stokes methodology is implemented for modeling flow control phenomena. The details of the implementation are presented in this paper. A one cell overlap between the Lattice Boltzmann (LB) and Navier-Stokes (NS) grids is used to exchange information between the two solvers. Benchmark problems are used to verify the coupled methodology. The method is next applied to the flow over a circular cylinder with a synthetic jet device for drag reduction. The LB solver is used to solve the flow physics at the small length scales in the synthetic jet region and the NS solver is used to model the rest of the flow domain. The results obtained are compared to existing experimental data.
A mesoscale approach for growth of 3D microstructurally small fatigue cracks in polycrystals

In the high cycle fatigue regime, microstructure attributes such as grain size, shape, and crystallographic orientation usually affect fatigue crack formation and early growth. However, most comput...
Isomerization of cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane in Single-Pulse Shock Tube Experiments

Cyclic hydrocarbons are major constituents of jet fuels and reference compounds in jet fuel surrogates. The kinetic and thermal stability and reaction mechanisms of fuel molecules are essential input parameters in the models and simulations used in the design of novel fuels, renewable energy technologies, and devices. A detailed study and analysis of the pyrolytic chemistry of cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane has been performed in single-pulse shock tube experiments. The investigations are carried out over the temperature range of 1100 to 1200 K at about 2.5 atm pressure. The isomeric products are trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane, 1-octene, and (cis + trans)-2-octene. The three octene isomers can be attributed to internal disproportionation processes. Assuming a diradical mechanism and that cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane is formed in equal amount with respect to its trans isomer, the total rate expression for isomerization is kC–C = 1015.5±0.8 exp(−38 644 ± 2061 K/T) s–1. The rate constants are over an order of magn...
Canine Intestinal and Liver Weight Changes Induced by E. colt Endotoxin

Summary1. Systemic arterial blood pressure response of the dog to injection of Es-cherichia coli endotoxin is characterized by a sudden precipitous drop, a partial recovery and a subsequent slower decline over a period of hours. 2. Utilizing a device for quantitatively estimating changes in weight of organs in vivo, an increase in liver weight of from 80 to 350 g has been noted within one to 2 minutes following injection of E. coli endotoxin. 3. Simultaneous increase in weight of small intestine of lesser magnitude (28 to 170 g) was noted at the same time and is believed to be due to back pressure from the liver. Increase in liver and intestinal weight were believed to be quantitatively sufficient to account for the hypotension observed. 4. A difference in reaction of the liver and intestine was noted. Whereas the liver returns to normal weight within 5 to 25 minutes, the small intestine continues to increase in weight reaching a maximum of from 196 to 770 g approximately one hour following endotoxin inje...
Tetragonal-orthorhombic structural modulation at low temperature in La2-xBaxCuO4.

Below \ensuremath{\sim}60 K ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{x}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{4} (0.10\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.15)$ reveals superstructure reflections consistent with the tetragonal space group $\frac{P{4}_{2}}{\mathrm{ncm}}$ [low temperature tetragonal (LTT)]. However, twins, characteristic of the related orthorhombic phase [low temperature orthorhombic (LTO)], persist in this material. Electron microscopy shows that the LTT superstructure reflections originate from the twin-boundary region. This suggests a phase mixture of orthorhombic and tetragonal with a gradual change from LTO (space group $\mathrm{Bmab}$) in the interior of the twin domains, via the $\mathrm{Pccn}$, to LTT at the twin boundary. This is modeled as a spatial modulation, the tipping angle of Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ octahedra being an order parameter.
Measuring subwavelength spatial coherence with plasmonic interferometry

Optical interferometry has enabled quantification of the spatial and temporal correlations of electromagnetic fields, which laid the foundations for the theory of optical coherence. Despite significant advances in fundamental theories and applications, the measurement of nanoscale coherence lengths for highly incoherent optical fields has remained elusive. Here, we employ plasmonic interferometry (that is, optical interferometry with surface plasmons) to characterize the spatial degree of coherence of light beams down to subwavelength scales, with measured coherence lengths as low as ∼330 nm for an incident wavelength of 500 nm. Furthermore, we demonstrate a compact coherence meter that integrates this method with an image sensor. Precise determination of spatial coherence can advance high-resolution imaging and tomographic schemes, and provide an experimental platform for the development and testing of optical coherence theories at the nanoscale. Surface plasmon interferometry is used to measure the spatial coherence at subwavelength scales.
Knowledge Acquisition Through Case Study Development: A Student Researcher Perspective

Educators are increasingly incorporating the development of research case studies as a course assignment in graduate and executive degree courses. Each student (or student group) develops a research case study that provides theory-based explanation and discussion of how a real organization managed a business issue related to the course. In the process, the student gains a deeper understanding of business theories and their applications as well as current business issues and their interactions with internal and external organizational forces. While a significant amount of literature is written on developing case studies for full-time academic researchers, little is done to provide guidelines to student researchers, who face unique issues and constraints in this research-based learning process. This paper introduces case study research method and offers a roadmap to student researchers.
The Emperor May Truly Have New Clothes: Commentary on an article by Zahab S. Ahsan, MD, et al.

Treating a patient with a positive culture for Propionibacterium can feel like a leap of faith. These slow-growing, aerotolerant anaerobes are ubiquitous. They are the most common cause of periprosthetic shoulder infections and were present in 75% of the revision shoulder arthroplasties performed by Dr. Matsen, an author of this study. P. acnes has even been grown on culture of specimens from a high percentage of shoulders without prior surgery, indicating potential culture contamination or the presence of the bacteria as a commensal organism (present but causing no pathological changes)1,2. This leaves open the possibility that Propionibacterium living in the sebaceous glands of the deep dermis is not adequately addressed with routine skin preparation and therefore, as the skin is incised, these oily glands ooze Propionibacterium into the surgical wound3. Propionibacterium also seems to act differently compared with any other bacteria commonly encountered as a cause of periprosthetic …
Sterol-binding by the tombusviral replication proteins is essential for replication in yeast and plants

Membranous structures derived from various organelles are important for replication of plus-stranded RNA viruses. Although the important roles of co-opted host proteins in RNA virus replication have been appreciated for a decade, the equally important functions of cellular lipids in virus replication have been gaining full attention only recently. Previous work with Tomato bushy stunt tombusvirus (TBSV) in model host yeast has revealed essential roles for phosphatidylethanolamine and sterols in viral replication. To further our understanding of the role of sterols in tombusvirus replication, in this work we showed that the TBSV p33 and p92 replication proteins could bind to sterols in vitro The sterol binding by p33 is supported by cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus (CRAC) and CARC-like sequences within the two transmembrane domains of p33. Mutagenesis of the critical Y amino acids within the CRAC and CARC sequences blocked TBSV replication in yeast and plant cells. We also showed the enrichment of sterols in the detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) fractions obtained from yeast and plant cells replicating TBSV. The DRMs could support viral RNA synthesis on both the endogenous and exogenous templates. A lipidomic approach showed the lack of enhancement of sterol levels in yeast and plant cells replicating TBSV. The data support the notion that the TBSV replication proteins are associated with sterol-rich detergent-resistant membranes in yeast and plant cells. Together, the results obtained in this study and the previously published results support the local enrichment of sterols around the viral replication proteins that is critical for TBSV replication.IMPORTANCE One intriguing aspect of viral infections is their dependence on efficient subcellular assembly platforms serving replication, virion assembly, or virus egress via budding out of infected cells. These assembly platforms might involve sterol-rich membrane microdomains, which are heterogeneous and highly dynamic nanoscale structures usurped by various viruses. Here, we demonstrate that TBSV p33 and p92 replication proteins can bind to sterol in vitro Mutagenesis analysis of p33 within the CRAC and CARC sequences involved in sterol binding shows the important connection between the abilities of p33 to bind to sterol and to support TBSV replication in yeast and plant cells. Together, the results further strengthen the model that cellular sterols are essential as proviral lipids during viral replication.
Influence of fungicides on gas exchange of pecan foliage

There are several fungicide chemistries used for disease control on pecan (Carya illinoinensis), but there is little or no knowledge of subtle short- or long-term side-effects of these chemistries on host physiological processes, including photosynthesis (Pn). This study quantifies the impact of several fungicides used to control scab on Pn and other gas exchange characteristics of pecan foliage and provides much-needed insight to ensure proper usage in commercial pecan operations. Multiple field experiments found that certain fungicide chemistries reduce Pn, stomatal conductance (Cs), transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (Ew; Pn/Tr) whereas others are benign. For example, neither triphenyltin hydroxide nor the triazoles tested had a negative impact on gas exchange characteristics regardless of when measurements were taken or the number of spray applications. However, dodine, phosphorous acid, ziram and certain strobilurins were capable of suppressing gas exchange, especially Pn, up to several weeks after a single treatment. Suppression of Pn by certain fungicides was relatively short term, but was long term or permanent for other fungicides. In certain cases, leaf Pn was suppressed by as much as 50-80% for at least several weeks after a single exposure. These studies suggest that use of fungicides in commercial pecan orchards might result in negative side-effects which need to be taken into consideration in determining how to best utilize these fungicide tools in pecan disease management. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Oxytocin and Social Bonds: The Role of Oxytocin in Perceptions of Romantic Partners' Bonding Behavior.

In this research, we tested hypotheses about the role of oxytocin in adult human bonding. Inspired by revisiting the research on pair bonding in microtine voles that fueled psychologists’ interest in the role of oxytocin in social life, we drew on recent theory from affective and relationship science to identify a well-defined bonding context for human romantic relationships. We then paired these behaviors and subjective psychological responses with a measure of naturally circulating oxytocin. In 129 romantically involved adults whose partner expressed gratitude to them in the lab, greater oxytocin over the prior 24 hr was associated with greater perceptions of the expresser’s responsiveness and gratitude, as well as greater experienced love, but not general affective reward. Moreover, in this one-time conversation, higher oxytocin acted like rose-colored glasses, attenuating the effect of a partner’s behaviorally coded expressive behavior on perceptions of the expresser’s responsiveness. These results ju...
A study of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) biofilms’ thermal and biodegradable properties reinforced with halloysite nanotubes:

The aim of this study is to investigate and optimize the performance of a promising biopolymer, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) which can potentially replace non-biodegradable synthet...
Unplanned emergency department or urgent care visits after outpatient rotator cuff repair: potential for avoidance.

Background With the cost of health care rising, the potential to avoid costs from an unplanned return to the emergency department (ED) or urgent care center (UC) after elective outpatient rotator cuff repair (RCR) has been discussed but not extensively assessed. Methods Outpatient RCR procedures were queried in a closed health care system, and all unplanned ED and UC visits within 7 days of procedures were collected and compared with other typical outpatient orthopedic procedures (knee arthroscopy, carpal tunnel release, and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction). Avoidable diagnoses (ADs) for the unplanned visits were defined in advance as visits for (1) constipation, (2) nausea or vomiting, (3) pain, and (4) urinary retention. Final tallies of all visits versus visits with ADs were compared. Results From June 2015 to May 2016, 1306 outpatient RCRs were performed (729 male and 577 female patients; average age, 60 years). Of the patients, 90 returned for ED or UC visits (6.9%), with 34 for ADs (2.6%). Pain was the most common AD. However, when RCR was compared with other case types, ED or UC visits for urinary retention were significantly more common (P = .007), whereas there was no significant difference with the other ADs. The 1306 RCRs led to a greater proportion of ED or UC visits than the combined 5825 other cases studied (P Discussion and Conclusions Unplanned ED visits within 7 days of outpatient RCR are measurable and in many cases, such as ED or UC visits for pain, are avoidable. Visits for urinary retention are seen more commonly after RCR. Outpatient RCR led to more unplanned ED and UC visits than other common outpatient orthopedic surgical procedures.
Representation of Minorities and Elderly Patients in Multiple Myeloma Clinical Trials.

Multiple myeloma (MM) occurs in all races, but the incidence in non-Hispanic black patients (NHBs) is two to three times higher than in non-Hispanic white patients (NHWs). We determined the representation of minorities and elderly patients in MM clinical trials. Enrollment data from all therapeutic trials reported in ClinicalTrials.gov from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed. Enrollment fraction (EF) was defined as the number of trial enrollees divided by the 2014 MM prevalence. Participation in MM clinical trials varied significantly across racial and ethnic groups; NHWs were more likely to be enrolled in clinical trials (EF 0.18%) than NHBs (EF 0.06%, p < .0001) and Hispanic patients (EF 0.04%, p < .0001). The median age of trial participants was 62 years, with 7,956 participants (66%) being less than 65 years of age. Collaborations between investigators, sponsors, and the community are necessary to increase access to clinical trials to our minority and elderly patients.
Getting to the Warm Hand-Off: A Study of Home Visitor Referral Activities.

Conducted as part of the Massachusetts MIECHV evaluation, this study examined the role of home visitors (HVs) in facilitating families’ connections to early childhood systems of care. The aims of this study were to document the full range of HV behaviors related to service coordination. The study sample was 65 participant cases from five program sites, comprising two home visiting models (HFM and PAT). We coded and analyzed 11,096 home visiting records, focusing on identifying referrals, connections, disconnections, and supportive behaviors across 20 service areas. Qualitative pattern analyses were conducted on a subsample of records to identify unique pathways from referral to connection. HVs discussed an average of 30 different programs with each participant, and overall, only 21% of referrals resulted in a service connection. This rate varied, with some (e.g., housing) requiring much more intensive HV support and yielding far fewer connections. HVs also worked to keep participants engaged once they were connected to a service, often discovering challenges in need of attention through monitoring activities. Home visiting is often thought of as a key entry point into a system of care. Findings from this study confirm this premise, highlighting both the centrality of home visiting in helping families navigate local systems of care, and the insufficiency of these systems to meet family needs.
The Basis of Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms

In women the most common and characteristic symptom of the climacteric is an episodic disturbance consisting of sudden flushing and perspiration, referred to as a “hot flush or flash.” It has been observed in 65–76% of women who experience a natural or surgical menopause (Hannan, 1927; Neugarten and Kraines, 1965; Jaszmann et al., 1969; Thompson et al., 1973; McKinlay and Jeffreys, 1974). Of those having flushes, 82% will experience the disturbance for more than 1 year (Jaszmann et al., 1969) and 25–85% will complain of the symptom for more than 5 years (Neugarten and Krains, 1969; Thompson et al., 1973).
Prospective evaluation of neomycin serum concentrations after direct corpora cavernosa irrigation during penile prosthesis placement.

Abstract Objectives To determine if toxic serum levels of neomycin are generated after direct corpora cavernosa irrigation during penile prosthesis placement. Methods We have used an infection prophylaxis technique that involves directly irrigating the corpora cavernosa tissue (through the corporotomy) with 0.5% neomycin solution. Serum neomycin concentrations were measured at 1 hour and 4 hours after irrigation in 13 patients undergoing penile prosthesis placement. A subset of patients who had preimplant and postimplant serum creatinine concentrations was evaluated for changes in renal function. Results The mean 1-hour postirrigation serum neomycin level was 1.2 μg/mL and the mean 4-hour postirrigation level was 1.2 μg/mL. These serum neomycin concentrations are lower than those thought to be necessary to produce nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity. Renal function was not significantly affected by the neomycin irrigation. Conclusions Although aminoglycosides are ototoxic and neomycin has the highest nephrotoxic potential of the aminoglycosides, we conclude that direct irrigation of the corpora cavernosa with 0.5% neomycin solution does not produce significant systemic exposure to result in nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity. One-time prophylactic neomycin irrigation remains an effective, safe, and economic adjunct to penile prosthesis placement.
Reflections on Preparing the Group Leader for an Analytic Perspective

Preparation of group therapists for an analytic perspective involves awareness of unconscious processes at the group and individual levels. The adequately prepared group leader should have familiarity with dream interpretation and group-as-a-whole transferences. Training in the use of long-term treatment methods is useful whether or not the practitioner uses these methods in actual practice. The ideal training program would include didactic seminars, weekly supervision, the experience of conducting a long-term (at least two years) therapy group, as well as personal analytic group therapy. Previous individual analytic therapy is also encouraged.
Mössbauer Spectrometry as an Instrumental Technique for Determinative Mineralogy

As a result of current availability of Mossbauer spectra for a large number of minerals, including examples from many of the important groups of rock-forming minerals, it is at present feasible in many cases to examine and interpret the Mossbauer spectra of rocks, sediments, soils, and other multiphase natural mineral aggregates. We have measured Mossbauer spectra for a considerable number of specimens of igneous rocks and in addition for samples of marine sediments, and a selection of such spectra are presented. Comparisons are made between the preliminary results of Mossbauer spectrometry on standard silicate rocks and data from chemical analyses and modal information from petrographic examinations. Further topics include total iron determinations, ferric-to-ferrous ratio measurements, improvement of petrographic modal information using Mossbauer spectrometry, identification of igneous rock types on the basis of Mossbauer spectral patterns, detection and identification of coarse-grained magnetite and hematite, with applications in the area of paleomagnetism, and the characteristics of Mossbauer spectra of marine sediments.
the meteorological labors of Dove, Redfield and Espy

The development of synoptic meteorology in the nineteenth century was influenced to an appreciable extent by Dove, Redfield and Espy. This article attempts to assess the contribution of each of these pioneers and to contrast their approaches to synoptic meteorology.
Microglial signatures and their role in health and disease

Microglia are the primary innate immune cells in the CNS. In the healthy brain, they exhibit a unique molecular homeostatic 'signature', consisting of a specific transcriptional profile and surface protein expression pattern, which differs from that of tissue macrophages. In recent years, there have been a number of important advances in our understanding of the molecular signatures of homeostatic microglia and disease-associated microglia that have provided insight into how these cells are regulated in health and disease and how they contribute to the maintenance of the neural environment.
Case 262: Isolated Left Ventricular Apical Hypoplasia.

Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia represents an uncommon but potentially life-threatening condition that has essentially pathognomonic imaging features that are excellently depicted at CT...
Striving for Social Good Through Organizational Inclusion: A Latent Profile Approach:

Purpose:Promoting social good in the context of diverse organizations inevitably involves creating inclusive work environments wherein all members feel valued and appreciated for who they are. Howe...
Distributed greedy algorithm for multi-agent task assignment problem with submodular utility functions

Abstract We consider a multi-agent task assignment problem where a group of agents need to select tasks from their admissible task sets. The utility of an assignment profile is measured by the sum of individual task utilities, which is a submodular function of the set of agents that are assigned to it. The objective is to find an assignment profile that maximizes the global utility. This problem is NP-hard in general. In this paper we propose an algorithm that provides an assignment profile with utility at least 1 ∕ ( 1 + κ ) of the optimal utility, where κ ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] is a parameter for the curvature of the submodular utility functions. In the worst case, when κ = 1 , our algorithm achieves utility at least 1 ∕ 2 of the optimal. Moreover, when the communication links between agents are consistent with the admissible task sets, the algorithm can be implemented distributedly and asynchronously, which means that there is no centralized coordinator and each agent selects its task using only local information and local communication based on its own time-clock.
The validity and utility of the Cutaneous Disease Area and Severity Index (CDASI) as a clinical outcome instrument in dermatomyositis: A comprehensive review.

Abstract Introduction Validated outcome measures are paramount in the assessment of disease progression and evaluation of new therapeutics in clinical trials. Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease that is frequently refractory to current therapies and warrants the development of new treatments. The Cutaneous Disease Area and Severity Index (CDASI) was developed in 2008 in response to a need for a reliable, validated measure of skin disease activity and damage for use in clinical trials and longitudinal monitoring of disease progression. Methods The literature was searched for all studies validating and utilizing the CDASI between 2008 and October 2018 using searches in PubMed. Studies pertaining to validation of the CDASI, correlation with quality of life, use in the evaluation of current therapies and ongoing trials, as well as relationships to biomarkers were included in this review. Results The CDASI was found to have intra- and inter-rater reliability, validity, reproducibility, sensitivity to clinical changes, and ease of use. It has been shown to correlate with quality of life as measured by the Skindex-29 outcome measure. The CDASI activity score has additionally been shown to correlate significantly with IFN-β, a key cytokine in DM pathogenesis. Conclusion The CDASI is a validated measure of dermatomyositis disease and has been shown to be an effective outcome instrument in clinical trials.
Changing costs of type 1 diabetes care among US children and adolescents.

Background Modern therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D) increasingly utilizes technology such as insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors (CGMs). Prior analyses suggest that T1D costs are driven by preventable hospitalizations, but recent escalations in insulin prices and use of technology may have changed the cost landscape. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of T1D medical costs from 2012 to 2016 using the OptumLabs Data Warehouse, a comprehensive database of deidentified administrative claims for commercial insurance enrollees. Our study population included 9445 individuals aged ≤18 years with T1D and ≥13 months of continuous enrollment. Costs were categorized into ambulatory care, hospital care, insulin, diabetes technology, and diabetes supplies. Mean costs for each category in each year were adjusted for inflation, as well as patient-level covariates including age, sex, race, census region, and mental health comorbidity. Results Mean annual cost of T1D care increased from $11 178 in 2012 to $17 060 in 2016, driven primarily by growth in the cost of insulin ($3285 to $6255) and cost of diabetes technology ($1747 to $4581). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the cost of T1D care is now driven by mounting insulin prices and growing utilization and cost of diabetes technology. Given the positive effects of pumps and CGMs on T1D health outcomes, it is possible that short-term costs are offset by future savings. Long-term cost-effectiveness analyses should be undertaken to inform providers, payers, and policy-makers about how to support optimal T1D care in an era of increasing reliance on therapeutic technology.
Analytical Self-Consistent Field Functions for the Atomic Configurations 1 s 2 , 1 s 2 2 s , and 1 s 2 2 s 2

A generalized self-consistent field (SCF) function formalism is given for the atomic configurations 1s/sup 2/, 1s/sup 2/2s, and 1s/sup 2/2s/sup 2/ for atoms and ions up to Z = 10. The treatment is similar to that of Nesbet except for the approximations involved in the Lagrangian multipliers coupling the inner and outer shells. Results are given for Li ions and Be, and the SCF orbitals are stated to be equivalent to solutions of the integro-differential Hartree-Fock equations to 4 decimal places. (D.L.C.)
Cultural Darwinism and the Perils of Privatization: The Case of American Museums

The basis for understanding public support for the arts in the United States is the absence of any precedent for direct national involvement (Larson 1983). The American approach to culture has reje...
Reprint of: The impact of enterprise risk management on the marginal cost of reducing risk: Evidence from the insurance industry

We test the hypothesis that practicing enterprise risk management (ERM) reduces firms’ cost of reducing risk. Adoption of ERM represents a radical paradigm shift from the traditional method of managing risks individually to managing risks collectively allowing ERM-adopting firms to better recognize natural hedges, prioritize hedging activities towards the risks that contribute most to the total risk of the firm, and optimize the evaluation and selection of available hedging instruments. We hypothesize that these advantages allow ERM-adopting firms to produce greater risk reduction per dollar spent. Our hypothesis further predicts that, after implementing ERM, firms experience profit maximizing incentives to lower risk. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that firms adopting ERM experience a reduction in stock return volatility. We also find that the reduction in return volatility for ERM-adopting firms becomes stronger over time. Further, we find that operating profits per unit of risk (ROA/return volatility) increase post ERM adoption.
Self-Disclosure of Personal Information, Robot Appearance, and Robot Trustworthiness

This paper presents the results of research whose aim was to determine the type and amount of personal information individuals might disclose to robots designed with different visual appearances. The set of images viewed by participants consisted of two humanoid appearing robots and a female android. Further, a human image was used as a control for comparison purposes. For an individual to decide to disclose personal and potentially embarrassing information to a robot serving as a counselor, they must trust that the robot will safeguard their disclosures and be an empathetic listener. In this research 110 participants viewed four images and completed an online survey accessing their attitudes and decision on whether to self-disclose personal information to a robot counselor. Compared to the robot images, the results indicated a strong preference to disclose personal information to a human counselor regardless of the type of information. However, given the type of self-disclosure, the data also showed that participants would, to some extent, disclose to a friendly appearing robot and female android, and more so than to a robot judged to lack affect.
Can Mathematics Be Social? Flexible Representations for Interaction Process and Its Sociocultural Constructions

Mathematics is needed especially and primarily for helping coax social phenomena sufficiently into view to permit the sorts of reconstruing, manipulation, and measurement on which productive insight depends. I develop this view in two themes, language use and social space-times, along with two morals, and several object lessons, all leading up to the Knotty Future. I conclude with a discussion of pitfalls in this view.
Strontium vanadate: An ultra-low work function electron emission material

Strontium vanadate, SrVO 3 , is a transition metal perovskite oxide with a low predicted work function of 1.79 eV using Density Functional Theory. Alloying SrVO 3 with Ba resulted in Ba segregation to the emitting surface, producing an ultra-low work function of only 1.07 eV. This Ba-enriched emitting surface is predicted to be very long-lived compared to Ba-impregnated W and scandate cathodes.
Visual Abstractions for Temporal Verification

Generalized Verification Diagrams combine deductive and algorithmic verification to establish general temporal properties of finite-and infinite-state reactive systems. The diagram serves as an abstraction of the system. This abstraction is deductively justified and algorithmically model checked. We present a new simple class of verification diagrams, using Muller acceptance conditions, and show how they can be used to verify general temporal properties of reactive systems.
The Geoeffectiveness of Frontside Full Halo Coronal Mass Ejections

ABSTRACT Observations of frontside full halo coronal mass ejections from the beginning of 1997 to the end of 1999 show that the chance for frontside full halo coronal mass ejections to generate geomagnetic storms decreases from about 100% near sunspot minimum to less than 50% near sunspot maximum. It has been shown that sources of the frontside full halo coronal mass ejections are mostly located under the coronal streamer belt and that the orientation of magnetic clouds is one of major factors that determine the duration and intensity of the solar-origin B s events. These results may be used to partially understand the major cause of the different geoeffectiveness of frontside full halo coronal mass ejections between near minimum and near maximum phases of solar cycle 23.
The N,O-Diacetylmuramidase of Chalaropsis Species III. AMINO ACID COMPOSITION AND PARTIAL STRUCTURAL FORMULA

Abstract The amino acid composition of Chalaropsis lysozyme (221 residues) is: Lys, 4; His, 4; Arg, 5; Asp, 23; Thr, 18; Ser, 21; Glu, 11; Pro, 12; Gly, 29; Ala, 27; Val, 8; Met, 3; Ile, 12; Leu, 10; Tyr, 14; Phe, 11; Cys, 2; Trp, 7; and amide ammonia, 23. The calculated molecular weight is 23,385. Tryptophan was determined by both spectrophotometric and chemical methods. Cystine was determined as cysteic acid after performic acid oxidation. Chalaropsis lysozyme contains a single disulfide bridge. Threonine is the NH2 terminus. Carboxypeptidase A released, at identical rates, 1 mole per mole each of leucine, threonine, alanine, and glycine from performic acid-oxidized enzyme. Cyanogen bromide cleavage of lysozyme Ch yields the four peptides expected from the methionine content of 3 residues per molecule. The four peptides were separated by gel filtration chromatography and were ordered to give a partial structural formula. The molecule is clearly very different in over-all structure from that of egg white lysozyme or T4 phage lysozyme.
A mutation at one end of Moloney murine leukemia virus DNA blocks cleavage of both ends by the viral integrase in vivo.

Abstract The integration of retroviral DNA proceeds through two steps: trimming of the termini to expose new 3' OH ends, and the transfer of those ends to the phosphates of target DNA. We have examined the ability of the Moloney murine leukemia virus integrase protein (IN) to trim the termini of the preintegrative DNA of mutant viruses with alterations in the U3 inverted repeat. The mutant terminus of one replication-defective viral DNA, containing a 7-bp deletion in the U3 inverted repeat, was not trimmed to produce the normal recessed end. Remarkably, the other terminus of this mutant DNA was also not trimmed, even though its sequence is wild type. This finding suggests that the IN protein requires the presence of two good ends before becoming properly activated to trim either one.