cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of phencyclidine in human oral fluid using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection.

An analytical procedure for the determination of phencyclidine in oral fluid has been developed and validated using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectral detection, following initial screening with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The oral fluid samples were collected using the Quantisal ™ device, and any drugs present were quantified using mixed mode solid-phase extraction followed by mass spectrometric detection in positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mode. For confirmation, two transitions were monitored and one ratio determined, which had to be within 20% of that of the known calibration standard. The monitoring of the qualifying transition and requirement for its presence within a specific ratio to the primary ion has the potential of limiting the sensitivity of the assay, however, the additional confidence in the final result as well as forensic defensibility were considered to be of greater importance. The limit of quantitation was 5 ng/mL; the intra-day precision of the assay (n = 5) was 3.04%; inter-day precision 3.35% (n = 5) at a concentration of 10 ng/mL. The accuracy was determined at four concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 40 ng/mL) within the linear range of the assay. The percentage recovery of phencyclidine from the oral fluid collection pad was 81.7% (n = 6). The methods were applied to both proficiency specimens and to samples obtained during research studies in the USA.
Distinction between linewidths of identical and nonidentical dipolar-coupled systems with and without exchange

Abstract The transverse relaxation expressions for two spins coupled via dipole-dipole interaction are obtained. It is shown how the expressions allow for the continuous transition from half widths ( 1 T 2 I and 1 T 2 S ) of two spins (I and S) with different chemical shifts to the half width for identical spins (equal chemical shifts) 1 T 2 I + 1 T 2 IS where 1 T 2 IS con be construed to be a cross-relaxation-type term. Additionally it is shown that for dipole coupled spins with separate half widths 1 T 2 I − l T 2 S the exchanged collapsed doublet has a half width l T 2 I + 1 T 2 IS which is contrary to the usual “dogma” that the exchange collapsed width is equal to that of the nonexchanging separated pair.
Anisotropy of the microwave background in the inflationary cosmology

Abstract Using the Harrison-Zel dovich energy-density fluctuation spectrum predicted by the inflationary cosmology, we compute multipole moments of the cosmic blackbody temperature. Our results are independent of the details of non-linear galactic evolution.
Wave energy converter modeling in the frequency domain: A design guide

Wave energy converter research continues to advance and new developers are continuing to emerge, leading to the need for a general modeling methodology. This work attempts to outline the design methodology necessary to perform frequency domain analysis on a generic wave energy converter. A two-body point absorber representing a generic popular design was chosen and a general procedure is presented showing the process to obtain first pass preliminary performance results. The result is a design guide that new developers can adapt to their particular design and wave conditions, which will provide the first steps toward a cost of energy estimate. This will serve the industry by providing a sound methodology to accelerate the new development of wave energy converters.
Piezoelectric ceramic assembly tubes for torsional actuators

The efforts described here are intended to provide a basis for the utilization of novel piezoelectric actuators in smart materials and structures. The actuator design developed in this study is a segmented, piezoelectric tube, with the individual segments driven in a d15 shear mode. The PZT-5A tubes were cut longitudinally in to an even number of equal slender segments. These slender segments were poled individually along their length using a continuous poling technique developed at NRL. The polarization of the poled segments alternates in direction between adjacent segments. The segments were reassembled with a conductive epoxy so that it serves as both joint and electrode. The assembled actuator tubes were evaluated by applying electric field normal to the polarization direction of the segments, demonstrating proof of concept. These solid state prototype devices were driven to precise angular displacement and torque output. Reliability test, including both fatigue and mechanical loading of the device, were conducted. In conjunction with this effort, numerical computation analyses were performed with respect to structural integrity versus segment joint thickness, and the relative effect of cylindrical versus polygonal configurations. These studies facilitated the successful production of prototypes. Projected actuator outputs based on electromechanical test results are also discussed in terms of requirements for noise and vibration control of helicopter rotor blades.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
HOT WIRE CALORIMETER STUDY OF ION PRODUCTION AND ACCELERATION

Detailed performance characteristics are presented for a porous tungsten ion source with an electrostatic Pierce accelerator system. This system is similar in principle to proposed space propulsion systems. Cesium ion production was accurately predicted from free molecular flow calibrations of the porous tungsten ionizer. Measured critical emitter temperatures exhibited a hysteresis that was explained by Taylor and Langmuir's data for cesium contact ionization on solid tungsten. Hot-wire calorimeter surveys of the beam were used to evaluate the performance of a cylindrical Pierce accelerator system employing a virtual or plasma-potential decelerator.'' The loss of performance due to the exit electrode aperture was compared with theory for accelerator aspect ratios ranging from 0.6 to 1.3. The total beam power available from a given geometry (Child' s law) was greatiy increased by a countercurrent electron flow, which issued from a local electron emitter placed within the accelerator. This countercurrent electron configuration may offer a means of obtaining large improvements in engine efficiency. (auth)
Proportional-plus-integral control of experimental ozone concentrations in a large open-top chamber☆

Abstract The main limitation in using a proportional controller to regulate experimental ozone concentrations is that proportional controllers generate zero output when the actual concentration equals the target concentration. Adding an integral controller to a proportional controller can potentially increase the precision in regulating experimental ozone concentration because the controller generates a constant output when the actual and target ozone concentration are equal. The realized precision of a proportional-plus-integral (PI) controller in regulating an ozone treatment in a large open-top chamber was assessed by analyzing hourly ratios of the ozone concentration inside a chamber and of the ambient bulk air (Cc:Ca) from May to September 1989. The target Cc:Ca ration for this study was 3.0, and the actual ration was deemed in control if it lay between 2.7 and 3.3 (3.0 ± 10%). For 89 uninterrupted days of exposure, the median ozone ratio averaged 2.99 and was in control during the exposure period. The 90 percentile range of ozone ratios for each was also in control for all but the early and late hours of exposure. Comparing the precision of ozone control for a calm day and for a breezy day showed little difference, indicating that the PI controller successfully compensated for ambient-air ingression into the chamber. Implementation of a PI controller is described as well as strategies for dealing with the potential risk of overexposure by the integral controller.
OPTIMAL SURVEY DESIGN FOR COMMUNITY INTERVENTION EVALUATIONS: COHORT OR CROSS-SECTIONAL?

Community intervention evaluations that measure changes over time may conduct repeated cross-sectional surveys, follow a cohort of residents over time, or (often) use both designs. Each survey design has implications for precision and cost. To explore these issues, we assume that two waves of surveys are conducted, and that the goal is to estimate change in behavior for people who reside in the community at both times. Cohort designs are shown to provide more accurate estimates (in the sense of lower mean squared error) than cross-sectional estimates if (1) there is strong correlation over time in an individual's behavior at time 0 and time 1, (2) relatively few subjects are lost to followup, (3) the bias is relatively small, and (4) the available sample size is not too large. Otherwise, a repeated cross-sectional design is more efficient. We developed methods for choosing between the two designs, and applied them to actual survey data. Owing to drop-outs and losses to followup, the cohort estimates were usually more biased than the cross-sectional estimates. The correlations over time for most of the variables studied were also high. In many instances the cohort estimate, although biased, is preferred to the relatively unbiased cross-sectional estimate because the mean squared error was smaller for the cohort than for the cross-sectional estimate. If these results are replicated in other data, they may result in guidelines for choosing a more efficient study design.
Women's worth and wedding gift exchange in Maradi, Niger, 1907–89

Wedding gift exchange from the turn of the century to the present has served as a medium through which women in the Maradi valley of Niger could assert their worth, create social ties and respond to a shifting political economy. Rather than exploring the implications of ‘bridewealth’ and ‘dowry’ in isolation, this paper sees wedding prestations as an ongoing and evolving dialogue in which women's roles and worth are contested, the nature of wealth is redefined and the terms of marriage are negotiated. The crisis in domestic labor which arose with the decline of slavery in the early decades of the century gave rise to informal unions through which the labor of junior women could be controlled. Women responded to these informal marriages by staging highly visible ceremonies which established the worth and standing of the bride. With the growth of an increasingly urban-centered commercial and bureaucratic economy, women have been drawn into a desperate ‘search for money’ to continue to meet their obligations in the gift economy. While the outward form of wedding gift exchange appears unchanged, the importance of cash to the acquisition of goods, services, and productive resources has radically altered both the content and the significance of gift exchange. Gifts no longer embody wealth in people derived from ability within an agro-pastoral economy. Instead they reveal the giver's access to the resources of the state and the market. Women's eroding position within the economy since 1950 has drawn them further and further into gift exchange, both in order to build a safety net in the form of exchange value stored in a woman's dowry and to secure the social ties which can ensure their continued access to increasingly contested resources.
Prioritized Sensor Detection for Environmental Mapping: Theory and Experiments

This paper presents a decentralized coordination algorithm that allows a team of sensor-enabled robots to navigate a region containing non-convex obstacles and take measurements within the region that contain the highest probability of having "good" information first. This approach is motivated by scenarios where prior knowledge of the search space is known or when time constraints are present that limit the amount of area that can be searched by a robot team. Our cooperative control algorithm combines Voronoi partitioning, a global optimization technique, and a modified navigation function to prioritize sensor detection. Also, we present a technique for fusing multi-sensing objectives which is accomplished through linear regression. Practical applications include search and rescue, target detection, and hazardous contaminations. The issues we address such as non-convex obstacles as well as global search are not extensively addressed in the current literature. Simulation and experimental results of the control algorithm are given, and validate the prioritized sensing behavior as well as the collision avoidance property.
Clinical Decisions Regarding Patients With Dysphagia and Palliative Care

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) that care for patients with dysphagia are uniquely aware of the physiology of swallowing and how important eating is to patients and their family members. We liv...
The History of the Definition(s)of Death: From the 18th Century to the 20th Century

One of the more problematical issues in intensive care is not so much what death “is” but instead when death occurs and the operational criteria used to confirm it. This treatise will examine the history of the determination of death from the 18th century until the mid-20th century, focusing on the ways in which death has been diagnosed and misdiagnosed, the problem of premature burial, and the cultural shift that occurred when the brain death criterion was introduced. An interesting dynamic will be shown across these time periods. Physicians in the 18th century were certain that death occurred when the heart and lungs ceased but lacked adequate tests to certify it. In the 20th century, the moment of death became less clear, and for that reason the tests physicians had finally perfected proved insufficient. This chapter lays the foundation for this dissertation and frames the question, “When is dead dead?” by discussing it in an historical sequence. Historically, until the early 20th century, physicians’ inexperience in human anatomy and physiology left them poorly equipped to accurately test for death. Despite the fact that death could not be assessed with precision instruments, the moment when an individual was considered dead was simple and absent substantial disagreement: From the 18th through mid-20th centuries, a person was declared dead when her heart stopped beating and her lungs ceased to function; this was also known as the cardiorespiratory definition of death. A consensus emerged that once the heart and lungs ceased to function the person was dead, although the empirical criteria to test for death were suspect, depending more on folklore, wives’ tales, and superstition than on medical expertise. Because of this critical divide between theory and practice, instances of premature burial occurred. Refined tests with enhanced sensitivity to measure somatic functions would come about later, in the early part of the 20th century. However, in this time period, while the criteria to test death were by now well established, the understanding of when death occurred became the subject of great debate. The fear of premature burial was replaced by the fear of suspended animation regulated
Photopolymerization of a novel tetraoxaspiroundecane and silicon‐containing oxiranes

New multifunctional silorane-based systems were investigated, with respect to their photoreactivity, as potential matrix resins for low-shrinkage/stress dental composites. The objective of this investigation was to synthesize and evaluate the reactivity of a silicon-analogue oxaspirocyclic monomer with silorane-based matrix resin systems during visible-light polymerization. The experimental formulations contained (1) a silicon-containing 1,5,7,11-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane (TOSU-IV), (2) a phenylmethylsilane containing two cyclohexyloxiranyl groups, (3) a cyclotetrasiloxane containing four cyclohexyloxiranyl groups, and (4) a photocationic initiator system. Three main aspects were studied: (1) the photoreactivity of the tetraoxaspiroundecane (TOSU)/silorane reactant mixtures with differential scanning photocalorimetry, (2) oxirane ring-opening reactions of siloranes during binary photopolymerization with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and (3) oxaspirocyclic ring-opening reactions of the TOSU reactant during homophotopolymerization and binary photopolymerization with FTIR and NMR. A diallyl ether precursor of TOSU-IV was also included in selected studies. The main findings were as follows: (1) a feasible route for the successful synthesis of a silicon analogue (TOSU-IV) was developed; (2) TOSU-IV was compatible and photoreactive, making possible the reduction of polymerization stress in silorane-based matrix resins; and (3) spectroscopic evidence for both oxirane and oxaspirocyclic ring opening during the visible-light photopolymerization of the test formulations was found.
Process planning for rapid manufacturing of plastic injection mold for short run production

This thesis presents a process planning methodology for a rapid injection mold tool manufacturing system that involves additive and subtractive techniques, whereby slabs are sequentially bonded and milled using layered tool paths. Mold tools are grown in a bottom up fashion, eliminating the need for multi-axis machining operations (beyond three axes) and allowing small features in deep cavities. In this research, a new layer bonding method using friction stir welding of aluminum plates is presented. In this manner, one can create seam-free laminated aluminum injection mold tooling using a unique combination of industrial adhesives and friction stir spot welding to initially secure the slab, then continuous friction stir welding of layer perimeters that are sequentially machined in a layer wise process. The original research is presented as a journal article. This research includes three areas of interest that will enable highly automated process planning. The first research area focuses on determining the process plan for applying adhesives on the laminated plates that will be sufficient to resist the forces acting on the plate due to subsequent friction stir spot welding. The use of fixtures and clamps for machining in rapid manufacturing create a potential problem for collision of the tool/spindle and the workpiece setup. Therefore, the process proposed in this thesis uses a combination of industrial adhesives and friction stir spot welding to secure the aluminum plates for machining. The second area focuses on determining the number, location and sequence of friction stir spot welds sufficient to secure the plate prior to continuous friction stir welding. The use of
Taming the Khampas: The Republican Construction of Eastern Tibet

Issues of insecurity and unruliness on the Kham frontier forced the government of Republican China to adopt a policy of integration. They also provided the impetus behind the work of Republican intellectuals to re-imagine a new geo-space in which frontier peoples were inscribed as co-nationals. As represented by Ren Naiqiang, these intellectuals set out to introduce the Kham periphery to policy makers and Chinese citizens such that the contested Kham region appeared an inalienable part of Chinese national space. To legitimate the civilizing projects sponsored by the state, Ren’s narrative strategies gave new meaning to the Kham periphery. By representing the culture and traditions of Kham as a historical remnant of China’s past, it was no longer an alien “other.” By employing the “rhetoric of privation,” together with elements of the “rhetoric of primitivism,” Ren presented the Khampas as stuck at a lower state of development, deprived materially, culturally, and morally.
Anhedonia and Death

The Anhedonia Scale scores of 39 persons who later committed suicide, people who later died of natural causes, and survivors were compared. The results were equivocal, but suggested that suicides are characterized by low anhedonia and individuals who die premature natural deaths show high anhedonia levels.
Performance characteristics of parallel resonant convertor

Using a set of characteristic curves derived from the stateplane analysis, a novel approach to the design of the parallel resonant convertor (PRC) is presented. It will be shown that the steady-state response of the convertor can also be obtained from these characteristic curves
Fumonisins : Toxicokinetics, mechanism of action and toxicity

Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum. They occur worldwide and are found predominantly in maize and in maize-based animal feeds. Of the fumonisins, fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most common and the most thoroughly studied. FB1 causes the same toxicities in animals as F. verticillioides- and F. proliferatum-contaminated feeds including equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) and porcine pulmonary edema (PPE), diseases long associated with the consumption of mouldy feed by horses and pigs, respectively. FB1 is toxic to the liver in all species and the kidney in a range of laboratory and farm animal species, causing apoptosis followed by mitosis in the affected tissues. FB1 is also toxic to the cardiovascular system in pigs and horses. FB1 and other fumonisins inhibit ceramide synthase in all species including laboratory and farm animals and disrupt sphingolipid metabolism, a process underlying the mechanism of toxicity and pathogenesis of fumonisin-related diseases. The USFDA has set guidances for fumonisin concentrations in animal feeds that range from 1 to 50 ppm in the formulated rations depending upon the animal species. The European Union Commission has recommended guidance levels for fumonisins B1 plus B2 in feed materials and formulated feedstuffs. The levels also vary according to species and range from 5 ppm for horses, pigs, rabbits and pet animals to 50 ppm for adult ruminants and mink. Awareness of fumonisin-related animal diseases, monitoring feed and feed components, and adherence to guidance recommendations are important for reducing fumonisin-induced diseases in agriculturally important species.
Looking Good, Sounding Good: Femininity Ideology and Adolescent Girls' Mental Health:

This study used a feminist psychodynamic developmental framework to test the hypothesis that internalizing conventional femininity ideologies in two domains—inauthenticity in relationships and body objectification—is associated with early adolescent girls’ mental health. One hundred forty-eight eighth-grade girls completed measures of femininity ideology, self-esteem, depression, and demographic characteristics. In the first part of this study, we refined the Adolescent Femininity Ideology Scale originally developed by Tolman and Porche (2000). In the second part, we used structural equation modeling to test models linking femininity ideology to mental health. Results revealed that body objectification, and to a lesser extent, inauthenticity in relationships, accounted for half of the variance in depression and over twothirds of the variance in self-esteem in a critical period of development for adolescent girls. The importance of a feminist psychodynamic developmental framework for identifying and understanding salient dimensions of female adolescence is discussed.
Plant DNA detection from grasshopper guts: A step-by-step protocol, from tissue preparation to obtaining plant DNA sequences.

Premise of the study: A PCR-based method of identifying ingested plant DNA in gut contents of Melanoplus grasshoppers was developed. Although previous investigations have focused on a variety of insects, there are no protocols available for plant DNA detection developed for grasshoppers, agricultural pests that significantly influence plant community composition. Methods and Results: The developed protocol successfully used the noncoding region of the chloroplast trnL (UAA) gene and was tested in several feeding experiments. Plant DNA was obtained at seven time points post-ingestion from whole guts and separate gut sections, and was detectable up to 12 h post-ingestion in nymphs and 22 h post-ingestion in adult grasshoppers. Conclusions: The proposed protocol is an effective, relatively quick, and low-cost method of detecting plant DNA from the grasshopper gut and its different sections. This has important applications, from exploring plant “movement” during food consumption, to detecting plant–insect int...
Replication and meta-analysis of the gene-environment interaction between body mass index and the interleukin-6 promoter polymorphism with higher insulin resistance.

Abstract Insulin resistance (IR) is a complex disorder caused by an interplay of both genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies identified a significant interaction between body mass index (BMI) and the rs1800795 polymorphism of the interleukin-6 gene that influences both IR and onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus, with obese individuals homozygous for the C allele demonstrating the highest level of IR and greatest risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Replication of a gene-environment interaction is important to confirm the validity of the initial finding and extend the generalizability of the results to other populations. Thus, the objective of this study was to replicate this gene-environment interaction on IR in a hypertensive population and perform a meta-analysis with prior published results. The replication analysis was performed using white individuals with hypertension from the Hypertensive Pathotype cohort (N = 311), genotyped for rs1800795. Phenotype studies were conducted after participants consumed 2 diets—high sodium (200 mmol/d) and low sodium (10 mmol/d)—for 7 days each. Measurements for plasma glucose, insulin, and interleukin-6 were obtained after 8 hours of fasting. Insulin resistance was characterized by the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). In Hypertensive Pathotype, BMI was a significant effect modifier of the relationship between rs1800795 and HOMA-IR; higher BMI was associated with higher HOMA-IR among homozygote CC individuals when compared with major allele G carriers ( P = .003). Furthermore, the meta-analysis in 1028 individuals confirmed the result, demonstrating the same significant interaction between rs1800795 and BMI on HOMA-IR ( P = 1.05 × 10 −6 ). This rare replication of a gene-environment interaction extends the generalizability of the results to hypertension while highlighting this polymorphism as a marker of IR in obese individuals.
Morbidity and mortality of sleep-disordered breathing: obstructive sleep apnoea and car crash

Educational aims To review the results of USA Department of Transportation meta-analysis regarding obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and car crash risk. To discuss factors beyond OSA that increase the risk of crash. Summary Untreated OSA increases the risk of having a car crash two-fold. In addition, the severity of sleep-disordered breathing, degree of oxygen desaturation, self-reported sleepiness and body mass index (BMI) increase the risk of crash in OSA patients. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) reduces the risk of car crash. The data are insufficient for other forms of treatment to date. Sleep loss, medications and driving conditions have also been found to be factors affecting the risk of crash.
Use of mobile mesh networks for inter-vehicular communication

High-speed wireless computing networks are now economically feasible for home users, via 802.11b wireless protocols and their associated hardware. Such centralized "point-to-multipoint" installations typically allow a range of about 100 meters from the central access point. It is possible to use the same network protocols and hardware to construct a "wireless mesh" or "multipoint-to-multipoint" network in which any connected node can communicate directly or indirectly with any other connected node. The research project described in this article applies wireless mesh networking to inter-vehicular communication. Three vehicles were connected as a wireless mesh network using laptop computers with 802.11b radio cards and mesh networking software. The vehicles were then driven on a highway in Northern California to collect data about network connectivity. The goal of the experiment was to prove that such a network could be quickly and easily constructed and that network connectivity could be maintained under normal driving conditions. Data was collected on network connectivity and time delay of network packet transmission.
Use of periplasmic target protein capture for phage display engineering of tight-binding protein–protein interactions

Phage display is a powerful tool to study and engineer protein and peptide interactions. It is not without its limitations, however, such as the requirement for target protein purification and immobilization in a correctly folded state. A protein capture method is described here that allows enrichment of tight-binding protein variants in vivo thereby eliminating the need for target protein purification and immobilization. The linkage of genotype to phenotype is achieved by placing both receptor and ligand encoding genes on the same plasmid. This allows the isolation of the tight-binding ligand–receptor pair complexes after their association in the bacterial periplasm. The interaction between the TEM-1-β-lactamase fused to the gene 3 coat protein displayed on the surface of M13 bacteriophage and the β-lactamse inhibitory protein (BLIP) expressed in soluble form with a signal sequence to export it to the periplasm was used as a model system to test the method. The system was experimentally validated using a previously characterized collection of BLIP alanine mutants with a range of binding affinities for TEM-1 β-lactamase and by isolating tight-binding variants from a library of mutants randomized at residue position Tyr50 in BLIP which contacts β-lactamase.
Classification of Orthogonal Arrays by Integer Programming

Abstract The problem of classifying all isomorphism classes of OA ( N , k , s , t ) 's is shown to be equivalent to finding all isomorphism classes of non-negative integer solutions to a system of linear equations under the symmetry group of the system of equations. A branch-and-cut algorithm developed by Margot [2002. Pruning by isomorphism in branch-and-cut. Math. Programming Ser. A 94, 71–90; 2003a. Exploiting orbits in symmetric ILP. Math. Programming Ser. B 98, 3–21; 2003b. Small covering designs by branch-and-cut. Math. Programming Ser. B 94, 207–220; 2007. Symmetric ILP: coloring and small integers. Discrete Optim., 4, 40–62] for solving integer programming problems with large symmetry groups is used to find all non-isomorphic OA ( 24 , 7 , 2 , 2 ) 's, OA ( 24 , k , 2 , 3 ) 's for 6 ⩽ k ⩽ 11 , OA ( 32 , k , 2 , 3 ) 's for 6 ⩽ k ⩽ 11 , OA ( 40 , k , 2 , 3 ) 's for 6 ⩽ k ⩽ 10 , OA ( 48 , k , 2 , 3 ) 's for 6 ⩽ k ⩽ 8 , OA ( 56 , k , 2 , 3 ) 's, OA ( 80 , k , 2 , 4 ) 's, OA ( 112 , k , 2 , 4 ) 's, for k = 6 , 7 , OA ( 64 , k , 2 , 4 ) 's, OA ( 96 , k , 2 , 4 ) 's for k = 7 , 8 , and OA ( 144 , k , 2 , 4 ) 's for k = 8 , 9 . Further applications to classifying covering arrays with the minimum number of runs and packing arrays with the maximum number of runs are presented.
More missing the Boat — Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and small prototyping boards and engineering education needs them

In this work, we describe a range of prototyping boards such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and BeagleBone Black, and we show how these devices are being used in our ECE curriculum in a range of courses for projects. We describe the continuing challenges we have with adopting such technology from an educational standpoint, and some best practices/techniques we have learned and adopted to include these devices in our courses. We believe integrating these devices into our course flow is of a huge benefit to both our curriculum and our students.
Prior Lumbar Spinal Arthrodesis Increases Risk of Prosthetic-Related Complication in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Degenerative hip disorders often coexist with degenerative changes of the lumbar spine. Limited data on this patient population suggest inferior functional improvement and pain relief after surgical management. The purpose of this study is to compare the rates of prosthetic-related complication after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with and without prior lumbar spine arthrodesis (SA). Methods Medicare patients (n = 811,601) undergoing primary THA were identified and grouped by length of prior SA (no fusion, 1-2 levels fused [S-SAHA], and ≥3 levels fused [L-SAHA]). Results Compared with controls, patients with prior SA had significantly higher rates of complications including dislocation (control: 2.36%; S-SAHA: 4.26%; and L-SAHA: 7.51%), revision (control: 3.43%, S-SAHA: 5.55%, and L-SAHA: 7.77%), loosening (control: 1.33%, S-SAHA: 2.10%, and L-SAHA: 3.04%), and any prosthetic-related complication (control: 7.33%, S-SAHA: 11.15% [relative risk: 1.52], and L-SAHA: 14.16% [relative risk: 1.93]) within 24 months ( P Conclusion The interplay of coexisting degenerative hip and spine disease deserves further attention of both arthroplasty and spine surgeons.
Sequential immunization procedure against Group B arboviruses using living attenuated 17D yellow fever virus, living attenuated Langat E5 virus, and living attenuated dengue 2 virus (New Guinea C isolate).

Spider monkeys immunized sequentially with living 17D yellow fever virus, living attenuated Langat E5 virus, and living attenuated dengue 2 virus (New Guinea C isolate) responded with high hemagglutinating-inhibition antibody titers against 21 Group B arbovirus antigens that were tested. Such monkeys also responded with neutralizing antibodies against 20 Group B arboviruses that were tested. These vaccinated monkeys were protected against subcutaneous challenges with dengue serotypes 1, 2, 3 or 4, Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus, Kyasanur Forest Disease virus, Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, and Kadam virus. The protection against these viruses was based on a much lower viremia, or absence of histologic lesions in the central nervous system, or absence of an antibody booster response. The 3-virus sequential immunized spider monkeys were also protected against Modoc virus as determined by viremia studies, in spite of the fact that no detectable serum neutralizing antibodies were found in these animals at the time of challenge. The development of the sequential immunization procedure is discussed.
INFLUENCE OF AXIAL VELOCITY DENSITY RATIO IN CASCADE TESTING OF SUPERCRITICAL COMPRESSOR BLADES

An experimental and numerical study of the influence of axial velocity density ratio (AVDR) in cascade testing of two high-turning compressor blades at supercritical flow conditions was conducted. Both solid and slotted sidewalls were used in the experiments such that the cascade performances were evaluated with the variation of AVDR at the same flow condition. In addition, the cascade flow was computed by solving 2- D and 3-D steady Navier-Stokes equations. 2-D CFD computation provided the ideal 2-D flow results (AVDR = 1.0) while 3-D CFD characterized the 3-D cascade flow in the test section with solid sidewalls. Thus, the sidewall secondary flow and the flow contraction across the blade passage were simulated (AVDR > 1.0). Detailed analysis of the AVDR influence on the flow was performed through the comparison of experimental and numerical results, including losses, blade surface Mach number, blade surface flow visualization and shadowgraph. Different AVDR influences were found on the two blades and also at different flow conditions. Nonetheless, solid sidewall cascade testing was found to be acceptable to evaluate the relative blade performances, in spite of the AVDR influence.
Functional food red yeast rice (RYR) for metabolic syndrome amelioration: a review on pros and cons

Red yeast rice (RYR), the fermentation product of mold Monascus purpureus has been an integral part of Oriental food and traditional Chinese medicine, long before the discovery of their medicinal roles. With the identification of bioactive components as polyketide pigments (statins), and unsaturated fatty acids, RYR has gained a nutraceutical status. Hypercholesterolemic effect of this fermented compound has been validated and monacolin K has been recognized as the pivotal component in cholesterol alleviation. Functional similarity with commercial drug lovastatin sans the side effects has catapulted its popularity in other parts of the world as well. Apart from the hypotensive role, ameliorative benefits of RYR as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer and osteogenic agent have emerged, fueling intense research on it. Mechanistic studies have revealed their interaction with functional agents like coenzyme Q10, astaxanthin, vitamin D, folic acid, policosanol, and berberine. On the other hand, concurrence of mycotoxin citrinin and variable content of statin has marred its integration in mainstream medication. In this disputable scenario, evaluation of the scopes and lacunae to overcome seems to contribute to an eminent area of healthcare. Red yeast rice (RYR), the rice-based fermentation product of mold Monascus purpureus is a functional food. Its bioactive component monacolin K acts like synthetic drug lovastatin, without the severe side effects of the latter. RYR has been validated to lower cholesterol, control high blood pressure; confer anti-flammation, hypoglycaemic, anticancer and osteogenic properties. However, dose inconsistency and co-occurrence of toxin citrinin hampers its dietary supplementation prospect. Further research might facilitate development of RYR as a nutraceutical.
Study on the Urban Tourism Development Bottlenecks and Breakthroughs of Xiangtan in the Transition Period

Due to some tourism development bottlenecks,such as the lack of strong competitive tourist attractions,poor urban tourism image,imperfect tourism development policies etc,Xiangtan is in an awkward position of "no tourism".In order to achieve a sound and fast development of urban tourism,Xiangtan should take advantage of the integration with Changsha and Zhuzhou,seize the opportunities of the construction of "Xiangjiang Tourism Economic Zone",grasp the trends of tourism consumption changes,and make use of its own tourism resources endowment so as to create special tourism attractions,innovate tourism products,and improve the urban style to activate urban tourism.Besides,Xiangtan should expand the influence of the Tourism Bureau,establish of the state-owned tourism construction and investment companies,and improve the tourism industry development policies to promote the transformation and upgrading of the Xiangtan urban tourism.
Adsorption of Aqueous Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Surfactants on Metal Sample Loops: Effect on Quantitation by Liquid Chromatography

In aqueous solutions of Igepal CO 610, a nonionic nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant, adsorption of the surfactant takes place onto stainless stell metal surfaces. This adsorption results in increased peak height of the surfactant when a sample loop is purged with increasing volumes of the surfactant. This, in turn, affects the quantitation of the surfactant. However, the adsorption is reproducible at constant purging volumes and results in calibration curves with good precision
Children’s interpretation of a label for an individuated object: Dependence on age and ontological kind

Three experiments examined whether the experience of individuating an object would affect the way that children of different ages would interpret its label. Participants were asked to remember a novel object and pick it out from sets containing either two similar objects (similar condition) or no similar objects (dissimilar condition). They were then taught a label for the object and tested for how broadly they generalized it. Because children in the similar condition had formed a more detailed representation of the object, they were expected to generalize its label less broadly. For artifacts, this effect was observed in 4- and 5-year-olds as well as first and second graders, but not in 3-year-olds or adults. For toy animals, no age group showed this effect, and the three oldest groups of children showed the opposite effect. Various explanations for why the consequences of individuating an object for the interpretation of its label depend on age of the learner and the object’s ontological kind are discussed.
Copyright’s Mercantilist Turn

Over the last twenty years, arguments for broader copyright have taken an increasingly mercantilist turn. Unable to establish that broader copyright will lead to more or better original works, as the Constitution and the traditional economic framework require, proponents have begun arguing for broader copyright on the basis of revenue and jobs. Rampant unauthorized copying is theft or piracy, proponents insist, depriving copyright owners of revenue and destroying jobs. Whether or not it leads to more or better works, broader copyright will increase revenue to copyright owners and thus increase employment in the copyright industries. This increased employment, on its own, justifies broader copyright, or so proponents contend. In this Article, I critically reexamine this argument and show that it
Two-Way Analysis of Variance

In statistics, the two-way analysis of variance test is an extension of the one-way analysis of variance test that examines the influence of different categorical independent variables on one dependent variable. While the one-way analysis of variance measures the significant effect of one independent variable, the two-way analysis of variance is used when there are more than one independent variable and multiple observations for each independent variable. The two-way analysis of variance can not only determine the main effect of contributions of each independent variable but also identifies if there is a significant interaction effect between the independent variables.
Time Propagation of Partial Differential Equations Using the Short Iterative Lanczos Method and Finite-Element Discrete Variable Representation: An Experiment Using the Intel Phi Coprocessors: Extended Abstract

The Short Iterative Lanczos (SIL) method has been combined with the Finite-Element Discrete Variable Representation (SIL-FEDVR) to yield a powerful approach to solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. It has been applied to the interaction of short, intense laser radiation (attosecond pulses) to describe the single and double ionization of atoms and molecules, but the approach is not limited to this particular application. The paper begins with a brief description of the method and algorithms and then discusses how they have been successfully ported to the Intel Phi coprocessors.1 While further experimentation is needed, the results provide reasonable evidence that by suitably modifying the code to combine MPI, OpenMP, and compiler assisted offload (CAO) directives, one can achieve a significant improvement in performance from these coprocessors for problems such as the above. Future work will examine porting the code to GPU's and a comparison in performance of the two coprocessors.
Population-specific life histories contribute to metapopulation viability

Restoration efforts can be improved by understanding how variations in life-history traits occur within populations of the same species living in different environments. This can be done by first understanding the demographic responses of natural occurring populations. Population viability analysis continues to be useful to species management and conservation with sensitivity analysis aiding in the understanding of population dynamics. In this study, using life-table response experiments and elasticity analyses, we investigated how population-specific life-history demographic responses contributed to the metapopulation viability of the Federally threatened Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium pitcheri). Specifically, we tested the following hypotheses: (1) Subpopulations occupying different environments within a metapopulation have independent demographic responses and (2) advancing succession results in a shift from a demographic response focused on growth and fecundity to one dominated by stasis. Our results showed that reintroductions had a positive contribution to the metapopulation growth rate as compared to native populations which had a negative contribution. We found no difference in succession on the contribution to metapopulation viability. In addition, we identified distinct population-specific contributions to metapopulation viability and were able to associate specific life-history demographic responses. For example, the positive impact of Miller High Dunes population on the metapopulation growth rate resulted from high growth contributions, whereas increased time of plant in stasis for the State Park Big Blowout population resulted in negative contributions. A greater understanding of how separate populations respond in their corresponding environment may ultimately lead to more effective management strategies aimed at reducing extinction risk. We propose the continued use of sensitivity analyses to evaluate population-specific demographic influences on metapopulation viability. In understanding the underlying causes of the projected extinction probabilities of each population and identifying broad-scale contributions of different populations to the metapopulation, the process of pinpointing target populations is simplified. More detailed analyses can then be applied to the target populations to increase population viability and consequently metapopulation viability. Based on our research, we suggest that the best approach to improve the overall metapopulation viability is to manage the contributions to population growth for each population separately.
Beware of the Watchdog: Rethinking the Normative Justification of Gatekeeper Liability

One of the prevailing explanations of the corporate scandals of the Enron era and the recent financial crisis is the failure of professional gatekeepers—such as auditors, corporate lawyers, and securities analysts—to detect and disrupt corporate misconduct. The alleged solution to this failure—typically proposed and justified on consequentialist grounds—is to impose legal liability on professionals. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the normative foundations of gatekeeper liability. In the course of this paper, I shall defend the claim that gatekeeper liability may be morally objectionable not only on grounds of fairness but also on consequentialist grounds. The expected contribution of this paper is threefold. First, it systematizes the framing and moral justification of gatekeeping duties. Second, it calls into question the normative underpinnings for targeting intermediaries instead of primary wrongdoers. Third, it anticipates some negative (and often overlooked) results of gatekeeping strategies in the accounting profession, specifically in the realm of clientele selection, the expectation gap, and auditor compensation.
The management of survivors’ guilt through the construction of a favorable self in Hiroshima survivor narratives:

This study examines how Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors linguistically construct favorable selves – that is, selves that they want to present to others – in stories about events where they may feel survivors’ guilt. While discourse analysts started studying Holocaust narratives in the past decade, the field has not yet investigated narratives from Hiroshima survivors, nor has guilt been extensively investigated linguistically. In narrating those episodes where guilt can be attributed, Hiroshima survivors use various prosodic and syntactic devices to maintain their favorable selves by describing their powerlessness in a chaotic situation. Focusing on the telling of the same experience by three different survivors, the analysis reveals that narrators use various linguistic strategies to protect their positions as moral persons. The study contributes to a better understanding of the linguistic management of emotion, especially survivors’ guilt. Furthermore, linguistic examination of Hiroshima stories brings ...