cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Issues in transgender dermatology: A systematic review of the literature

Background Transgender patients have many unique dermatologic needs, yet the literature concerning dermatologic care of transgender individuals is lacking. Objective We aimed to provide a systematic review of the literature on dermatology care in transgender individuals to provide a foundation for future research and education. Methods We systematically reviewed peer-reviewed published studies that examined dermatologic treatment of transgender patients. Results A total of 110 articles met the inclusion criteria for systematic review. Limitations Because of a lack of quantitative research in transgender dermatology, much of the available literature included in this review relies on case reports and expert opinions. Conclusion Dermatologists have the ability to greatly affect the care of transgender patients, and there are ample opportunities for dermatologists to expand the literature pertaining to this population.
Acetonitrile contamination in the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and cell performance recovery.

Abstract Acetonitrile contamination in an operating cell and performance recovery are investigated in detail by a series of electrochemical characterizations, including constant current operation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, linear scanning voltammetry and chronoamperometry. We demonstrate that 20 ppm of acetonitrile in the air stream causes an approximate 40% reduction in cell performance at 1 A cm−2; however, the neat air operation completely restores the single cell. Cell performance degradation and recovery display two distinguishable periods that correspond to the effect of catalyst activity and electrolyte proton conductivity, respectively. The potential effect on acetonitrile contamination is also studied in a non-operating H2/N2 cell. The results indicate that low and high potentials cause a larger proton conductivity effect than a medium potential. Two recovery methods were conducted to restore cell performance after contamination in N2 at different potentials. The neat air operation completely mitigated the poisoning effect in approximately 5 h regardless of contamination history; however, the N2 purge and subsequent potential scans, even scanning up to 1.5 V vs hydrogen reference electrode, did not affect the poisoned cell. The liquid water generated in catalyst layers may play an important role during the recovery from acetonitrile contamination in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Code package for calculating modified cosmic ionization and thermal histories with dark matter and other exotic energy injections

We present a new public python package, darkhistory, for computing the effects of dark matter annihilation and decay on the temperature and ionization history of the early universe. darkhistory simultaneously solves for the evolution of the free electron fraction and gas temperature, and for the cooling of annihilation/decay products and the secondary particles produced in the process. Consequently, we can self-consistently include the effects of both astrophysical and exotic sources of heating and ionization, and automatically take into account backreaction, where modifications to the ionization/temperature history in turn modify the energy-loss processes for injected particles. We present a number of worked examples, demonstrating how to use the code in a range of different configurations, in particular for arbitrary dark matter masses and annihilation/decay final states. Possible applications of darkhistory include mapping out the effects of dark matter annihilation/decay on the global 21 cm signal and the epoch of reionization, as well as the effects of exotic energy injections other than dark matter annihilation/decay. The code is available at https://github.com/hongwanliu/DarkHistory with documentation at https://darkhistory.readthedocs.io. Data files required to run the code can be downloaded at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DUOUWA.
δ -MAPS: from spatio-temporal data to a weighted and lagged network between functional domains

In real physical systems the underlying spatial components might not have crisp boundaries and their interactions might not be instantaneous. To this end, we propose δ-MAPS; a method that identifies spatially contiguous and possibly overlapping components referred to as domains, and identifies the lagged functional relationships between them. Informally, a domain is a spatially contiguous region that somehow participates in the same dynamic effect or function. The latter will result in highly correlated temporal activity between grid cells of the same domain. δ-MAPS first identifies the epicenters of activity of a domain. Next, it identifies a domain as the maximum possible set of spatially contiguous grid cells that include the detected epicenters and satisfy a homogeneity constraint. After identifying the domains, δ-MAPS infers a functional network between them. The proposed network inference method examines the statistical significance of each lagged correlation between two domains, applies a multiple-testing process to control the rate of false positives, infers a range of potential lag values for each edge, and assigns a weight to each edge reflecting the magnitude of interaction between two domains. δ-MAPS is related to clustering, multivariate statistical techniques and network community detection. However, as we discuss and also show with synthetic data, it is also significantly different, avoiding many of the known limitations of these methods. We illustrate the application of δ-MAPS on data from two domains: climate science and neuroscience. First, the sea-surface temperature climate network identifies some well-known teleconnections (such as the lagged connection between the El Nin $\tilde {o}$ Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean). Second, the analysis of resting state fMRI cortical data confirms the presence of known functional resting state networks (default mode, occipital, motor/somatosensory and auditory), and shows that the cortical network includes a backbone of relatively few regions that are densely interconnected.
Coordination of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided FNA and Biliary Drainage in Pancreatic Cancer

Over a period of three decades from 1980 to 2000, pancreatic cancer (PC)-related mortality rates have virtually remained unchanged [1]. In an attempt to improve survival outcomes, some of the approaches introduced in the recent past have included giving neoadjuvant therapy even to patients with resectable PCs and using molecular profiling of the cancer to deliver tailored chemotherapy. The rationale behind using neoadjuvant therapy followed by pancreaticoduodenectomy (“delayed surgery”) is discussed in other chapters in this book. As compared to “early surgery” (pancreaticoduodenectomy followed by adjuvant therapy), the approach of using neoadjuvant therapy has had a significant impact on the role and timing of endoscopy in patients with PC, especially with regard to procedures like endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), fine needle aspiration (FNA) or aspiration biopsy (FNAB), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The focus of this chapter will be on the coordination of EUS-FNA/FNAB and ERCP in patients in whom surgery is going to be delayed.
In situ 3D-patterning of electrospun fibers using two-layer composite materials

Polymeric electrospun nanofibers have extensive applications in filtration, sensing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering that often require the fibers to be patterned or integrated with a larger device. Here, we describe a highly versatile in situ strategy for three-dimensional electrospun fiber patterning using collectors with an insulative surface layer and conductive recessed patterns. We show that two-layer collectors with pattern dimensions down to 100-micrometers are easily fabricated using available laboratory equipment. We use finite element method simulation and experimental validation to demonstrate that the fiber patterning strategy is effective for a variety of pattern dimensions and fiber materials. Finally, the potential for this strategy to enable new applications of electrospun fibers is demonstrated by incorporating electrospun fibers into dissolving microneedles for the first time. These studies provide a framework for the adaptation of this fiber patterning strategy to many different applications of electrospun fibers.
Changes in Perception Accompany the Development of Music Performance Skills.

In two experiments we examined the extent to which musicians identify discrepancies between their intentions and their playing during individual practice. In the first experiment, 60 musicians repr...
Investigation of heat transfer modes in plasmonic nanoparticles

Abstract There has been much recent interest in understanding heat transfer in nanoparticle packings in nanotechnology such as emerging photonics applications. In this paper, we analyze heat transfer between two plasmonic nanoparticles in finite contact and suspended in air to delineate the dominant modes of heat transfer. We have previously investigated the heat transfer analysis of laser heating in a nanoparticle packing such that interfacial thermal conductance between the nanoparticle packings in contact and the predicted average nanoparticle packing temperature matches with the observations of laser sintering temperature well when GIC is about 20 (MW/m2K). When GIC is less than 20 (MW/m2K), the primary pathway for heat transfer is that across the particle-air-particle interface. Thermal transport in these assemblies is subject to electromagnetic field enhancements due to near-field energy transfer; however, we show that radiation heat transfer between the nanoparticles is not a significant heat transport mode. Sub-continuum thermal effects are found to strongly retard overall thermal transport between the particles through the air pathway.
Spinal Anesthesia Using Chloroprocaine is Safe, Effective, and Facilitates Earlier Discharge in Selected Fast-track Total Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Spinal anesthetic choice plays an underappreciated role in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Chloroprocaine, a short-acting local anesthetic, has been limited to short-duration ambulatory procedures and has not been studied in THA. We compare perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing fast-track THA using chloroprocaine spinal anesthesia with those who have surgery with a longer-acting agent (bupivacaine). Methods A total of 143 THAs performed under spinal anesthesia by 3 arthroplasty surgeons between November 2018 and July 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients receiving chloroprocaine were matched 1:1 by demographics to patients receiving bupivacaine. Ultimately, 74 patients were included (37 chloroprocaine and 37 bupivacaine). The primary outcome was hospital length of stay (LOS). Other perioperative outcomes were also evaluated. Results A total of 37 patients (50%) received chloroprocaine (60 mg), whereas 37 (50%) received bupivacaine (median 10 mg, range 8-15 mg). Among the matched groups, chloroprocaine use was associated with shorter hospital LOS (0.9 vs 1.2 days; P = .03), shorter operative time (68.2 vs 83.6 minutes, P = .03), lower estimated blood loss (184.7 vs 218.9 mL, P = .02), shorter postanesthesia care unit LOS (139.4 vs 194.9 minutes; P = .04), and less intraoperative hypotension (59.5% vs 83.8%, P = .02). Patients receiving chloroprocaine were also more commonly discharged home (100% vs 89.2%; P = .04). Conclusions Chloroprocaine is a safe and reliable option for patients to mobilize rapidly and leave the hospital sooner after THA. Compared with bupivacaine, it is associated with shorter hospital LOS and higher likelihood for discharge to home.
Intraoperative identification of mixed activation profiles during hypoglossal nerve stimulation.

Study Objectives:The effectiveness of hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) depends on the selective stimulation of nerve fibers that innervate the ...
A 1.52 pJ/Spike Reconfigurable Multimodal Integrate-and-Fire Neuron Array Transceiver

An ultra-low power integrate-and-fire neuron array transceiver with a multi-modal neuron architecture is presented. The design features an array of 16 × 16 charge-mode mixed-signal neurons that can be configured to implement a variety of activation functions, including step, sigmoid and Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU), through reconfiguration of clocking waveforms through partial reset in charge accumulation and additive stochastic noise by Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) coupling. The neuron outputs spike-based sparse synchronous events, which are either binary (event/no event) or ternary (positive/negative/no events). The reconfigurable energy-efficient design makes this architecture suitable for deep learning and neuromorphic applications like Restricted Boltzmann Machines, Convolutional Neural Networks and general event-driven computing. The 1.796 mm2 chip fabricated in 130nm CMOS technology consumes 140.6 μW from a 1.8V supply at 92.5 MSpikes/s achieving an energy efficiency Figure-of-Merit (FoM) of 1.52 pJ/Spike. A CNN architecture implemented on the chip using sigmoid and ReLU activation achieves MNIST prediction accuracy of 94.8% and 96.9%.
Controlling the Level of Coupling between Quantum Emitters and Planar Hyperbolic Metamaterials

We discuss the effects of the ENZ position of multilayer HMM substrates (alternating layers Ag and ITO) on the level of their coupling with quantum emitters.
Elements of an Expansive Institutional Ethnography: A Conceptual History of Its North American Origins

This chapter offers a conceptual history of the IE approach as it has developed in North America, tracking the development of its core ideas and vocabularies. The discussion is organized, roughly chronologically, around five periods: (1) Origins in Smith’s early writings on the social organization of knowledge; (2) Feminist critique and a sociology for women; (3) Activist IE and a sociology for people; (4) Investigations of governance in a neoliberal era; and (5) Further explorations of texts and text-reader conversations. The chapter proposes an “expansive” IE that draws from the full range of strategies we can find in such an account.
Vacancy surface migration mechanisms in dilute nickel-chromium alloys

Abstract We investigate the unitary mechanisms related to the surface migration of vacancies in dilute Ni-Cr alloys via first-principle calculations. We survey a complete set of surface and sub-surface migration paths for vacancies near the (100) free surface and calculate the corresponding migration barriers. Our results show that a vacancy migrating towards the free surface will face lower energy barriers to migrate via atomic exchange with a neighboring Cr atom rather than with a Ni atom. Once a vacancy reaches the free surface, it will be trapped there. Our results also reveal that, when a Cr atom sits in the atomic plane just below the free surface, any in-plane vacancy hopping jump that would result in the vacancy sitting on top a subsurface Cr atom is energetically unfavorable. Taken together, these fundamental unitary surface migration mechanisms offer insights into the complex interactions between surface segregation and vacancy migration phenomena in Ni-Cr-based alloys.
Overcoming Homelessness and the Geography of Self-Affirmation

Nietzsche’s interpretation of the Christian moral ideal exposes a psychological state of radical homelessness generated by that ideal. The geography of this homelessness forms part of the Christian myth of origin. Eden is the true home. The earth is foreign, temporary, a place to which God vanished sinful humanity. Adam’s acquiescence to Eve’s compliance with the serpent’s interpretation of a divine prohibition caused human mortality and all consequent sufferings. In exile, humans remain radically homeless on earth. Life in this vale of tears lacks value except as a means to regain access to the lost paradise. To overcome this homelessness, defeat the ascetic ideal that supports it, and empower humans to create new values, Nietzsche proposes a complex set of affirmations aimed specifically at the psychology of willing. The affirmations Nietzsche introduces motivate consciousness to appropriate its embodiment and creatively forge community from it, that is, affiliate. The two motions of consciousness, towards itself and towards others, collaborate to generate the experience of being at home on earth. This essay interprets Nietzsche’s proposal for personally becoming at home in the solitude of our bodies and the processes of affiliation that accompanies self-incarnation on earth. Nietzsche consolidates these two apparently disparate processes through two affirmations: amor fati and eternal recurrence. The first, historically binds every instant of a person’s life. The second fashions a temporal bond joining all human lives with each other. This essay shows how these two affirmations, wrought through Nietzsche’s transformation of the will to truth through perspectivism, empower the will to reclaim the earth as its home.
Narcissism and Politics: Dreams of Glory

1. Narcissism in full bloom 2. Dreams of glory and narcissistic rage 3. Great expectations 4. Daughters of destiny I - Indira Gandhi 5. Daughters of destiny II - Benazir Bhutto 6. Narcissism and the charismatic leader-follower relationship 7. Self objects: the special role of wives and the inner circle 8. Narcissism, entitlement, sex, and power 9. An exceptional exception: the rise and fall of Italy's Silvio Berlusconi 10. Phallic narcissism in the governor's mansion 11. The impact of illness and age on narcissistic leaders 12. Seeking immortality: dictators and their progeny 13. Leaders by default: second-choice sons Conclusion.
Direct Bisulfite Sequencing for Examination of DNA Methylation with Gene and Nucleotide Resolution from Brain Tissues

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that is essential for the development and mature function of the central nervous system. Due to the relevance of this modification to the transcriptional control of gene expression, it is often necessary to examine changes in DNA methylation patterns with both gene and single-nucleotide resolution. Here, we describe an in-depth basic protocol for direct bisulfite sequencing of DNA isolated from brain tissue, which will permit direct assessment of methylation status at individual genes as well as individual cytosine molecules/nucleotides within a genomic region. This method yields analysis of DNA methylation patterns that is robust, accurate, and reproducible, thereby allowing insights into the role of alterations in DNA methylation in brain tissue.
Accountable privacy (transcript of discussion)

Initially Mike and I had the idea that we would each take sides; one would be accountability, one would be privacy, and we’d debate, but actually both of us wanted to be on the privacy side. So instead I’ll talk for a while about this apparent conflict between privacy on the one hand and accountability on the other. We’ll look at a number of existing technologies, some open questions, and although I guess there’s no new research in the paper now, the hope is that looking at things through this lens might ultimately lead to new solutions. We’re all aware that change in technology is making privacy much harder: we have much more use of computers, computers are heavily networked, storage costs are going way down, and computers are getting more powerful, so we have increased ability to process and store large amounts of data. So whereas it used to be we had to work hard to make information public – that’s what a lot of computer science was about, getting information from one place to another in a reliable and persistent way – now the infrastructure has evolved to make that very easy. What’s become harder is to keep the information private, understanding where it flows, when it flows, and the fallout of it all. And the issue of privacy has become much more critical as public awareness increases of this new world that we’re in and as potential misuse starts to be on the rise, and also I think as these conflicting roles increase: the desire for privacy on the one hand, and the desire for using this information on the other hand.
Engineering self-organizing multi-agent systems

In this demo session, we will present two examples of how one can systematically program self-organizing multi-agent systems, using inspiration from biology. The first system is a modular robot that autonomously adapts to satisfy complex environmentally-adaptive goals through the cooperation of multiple module agents. The second is a global-to-local compiler that can transform a user-specified pattern formation goal into a multi-agent program and reason about the agent resources required. These systems show (1) how biological design principles can be formally captured and theoretically analyzed, and (2) how global goals can be translated into local interactions amongst many simple agents. Both systems will be demonstrated in real-time and interactively with the audience.
Family Caregiving and the Law of Succession: A Proposal

As the American population ages, the need for long-term care, already great, will become even greater. Some of this care is paid for by government programs, such as Medicaid, and by individual long-term care insurance policies. But the combination of the public fisc and private insurance are, and will continue to be, insufficient to pay for all of the care our seniors and adults with disabilities need. The provision of care in a family residence by one or more family members is an important component of our health care delivery system and must be supported and encouraged by public policy and law. As experts in the law of estate planning and health care, respectively, we address in this Article the following question: How might the American law of succession realistically recognize, support, and promote family caregiving? Our answer is a pragmatic proposal that can be adopted into the Uniform Probate Code (UPC). We propose a modified elective share for a family member who has provided the decedent with substantial uncompensated care in a family residence. (In this context, “family member” excludes the decedent’s surviving spouse, because the UPC already provides a spousal share.) Our approach contrasts with the prevailing law in the U.S., which treats personal services rendered by family members as gratuitous, hence not compensable. The scope and amount of the caregiver’s elective share can be structured by way of analogy to the surviving spouse’s elective share, though with important differences, as we discuss herein.
Predicting Women’s Apparel Sales by Soft Computing

In this research, forecasting models were built based on both univariate and multivariate analysis. Models built on multivariate fuzzy logic analysis were better in comparison to those built on other models. The performance of the models was tested by comparing one of the goodness-of-fit statistics, R2, and also by comparing actual sales with the forecasted sales of different types of garments. Five months sales data (August-December 2001) was used as back cast data in our models and a forecast was made for one month of the year 2002. The performance of the models was tested by comparing one of the goodness-of-fit statistics, R2, and also by comparing actual sales with the forecasted sales. An R2 of 0.93 was obtained for multivariate analysis (0.75 for univariate analysis), which is significantly higher than those of 0.90 and 0.75 found for Single Seasonal Exponential Smoothing and Winters’ three parameter model, respectively. Yet another model, based on artificial neural network approach, gave an R2 averaging 0.82 for multivariate analysis and 0.92 for univariate analysis.
Effects of female steroid hormones on A-type K+ currents in murine colon.

Idiopathic constipation is higher in women of reproductive age than postmenopausal women or men, suggesting that female steroid hormones influence gastrointestinal motility. How female hormones affect motility is unclear. Colonic motility is regulated by ion channels in colonic myocytes. Voltage-dependent K+ channels serve to set the excitability of colonic muscles. We investigated regulation of Kv4.3 channel expression in response to acute or chronic changes in female hormones. Patch clamp experiments and quantitative PCR were used to compare outward currents and transcript expression in colonic myocytes from male, non-pregnant, pregnant and ovariectomized mice. Groups of ovariectomized mice received injections of oestrogen or progesterone to investigate the effects of hormone replacement. The capacitance of colonic myocytes from non-pregnant females was larger than in males. Net outward current density in male and ovariectomized mice was higher than in non-pregnant females and oestrogen-treated ovariectomized mice. Current densities in late pregnancy were lower than in female controls. Progesterone had no effect on outward currents. A-type currents were decreased in non-pregnant females compared with ovariectomized mice, and were further decreased by pregnancy or oestrogen replacement. Kv4.3 transcripts did not differ significantly between groups; however, expression of the potassium channel interacting protein KChIP1 was elevated in ovariectomized mice compared with female controls and oestrogen-treated ovariectomized mice. Delayed rectifier currents were not affected by oestrogen. In the mouse colon, oestrogen suppresses A-type currents, which are important for regulating excitability. These observations suggest a possible link between female hormones and altered colonic motility associated with menses, pregnancy and menopause.
A short-lived nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the human ets-2 proto-oncogene is stabilized by activation of protein kinase C.

The human ets-2 gene is a homolog of the v-ets oncogene of the E26 virus and codes for a 56-kilodalton nuclear protein. The ets-2 protein is phosphorylated and has a rapid turnover, with a half-life of 20 min. When human lymphocytic CEM cells were treated with the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the level of the ets-2 protein was quickly elevated 5- to 20-fold. This effect of TPA was mimicked by a synthetic diacylglycerol, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl glycerol, and was blocked by the protein kinase C inhibitor H7, indicating that protein kinase C is involved in the induction. The increase in the ets-2 protein was due to stabilization of the protein, because the protein had a half-life of more than 2 h in the presence of TPA and the ets-2 mRNA level did not increase significantly upon TPA treatment. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide enhanced the effect of TPA on the ets-2 protein and could itself slow turnover of the protein. Properties of the ets-2 protein, such as nuclear localization, phosphorylation, rapid turnover, and response to protein kinase C, indicate that this protein belongs to a group of oncogene proteins which are generally thought to have regulatory functions in the nucleus (e.g., myc, fos, myb, and p53). Our results suggest that protein kinase C, either directly or indirectly, regulates the level of the ets-2 protein by posttranslational mechanisms.
Neuronal dysplasia and chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction: rectal biopsy as a possible aid to diagnosis.

We report a patient with an unusual cause of chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction, i.e., neuronal intestinal dysplasia. This disorder is characterized by hyperplasia of the nerve plexuses of the intestine or colon, or both. Detailed morphologic and manometric studies are provided. The discussion emphasizes the various motor abnormalities that may be found in chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction. We propose that rectal biopsy may be of value in the diagnosis of this unusual form of pseudoobstruction.
Classical Geometry and Target Space Duality

Target space duality is a remarkable phenomenon where different 2-dimensional nonlinear sigma models are physically equivalent. A key reason for interest in this subject is that duality often turns a strong coupling problem into an equivalent weak coupling one thus transforming an intractable problem into a manageable one. There are two questions which immediately come to mind. The difficult one is: given a sigma model does there exist a dual model? A more accessible one is: when are two sigma models dual to each other? In these lectures we will attempt to address the latter question within the framework of classical hamiltonian mechanics.
The development of an empirical delay model for IEEE 802.11 b/g based on SNR measurements

Wireless local area networks (WLAN) based on IEEE 802.11b/g standards' are widely deployed to provide wireless interconnectivity around university campuses, business offices, and homes. A WLAN is inexpensive, easy to install, and provides data rates of up to 54 Mbps. This study experimentally analyzed the network delay performance parameter and the wireless physical channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of an IEEE 802.11b/g WLAN under different signal strength values. The measurement results indicated that the IEEE 802.11 b/g delay parameter could be predicted and modeled as a function of SNR. The experiments were conducted with and without source of interference; a cordless phone operating in 2.4 GHz was used to provide interference. Given SNR values. The achieved model is useful in determining optimal placements of the wireless network access points prior to deployment. The values of SNR of a specific site are calculated using the site path loss models.
Classification of chemical agents as to their ability to induce long- or short-patch DNA repair in human cells.

Abstract 33 chemical agentsand UV- and γ-irradiation were tested for their comparative ability to induce long-patch or short-patch repair using the 5-bromodeoxyuridine photolysis assay. For 11 chemical agents repair was long-patch in nature as determined by calculated patch size and response of xeroderma pigmentosum cells relative to normal human cells. Typical patch sizes as measured by this assay were about 90 nucleotides for UV repair, a range of 30 to 70 nucleotides for a variety of known and suspected UV-mimetic chemicals, and 3–4 nucleotides for γ-radiation. Alkaylating agens previously shown to induce short-patch repair were shown also to induce long-patch repair.
Allyl(carborane) complexes of the group 6 metals : protonation studies with aqueous HI

Abstract Treatment of CH 2 Cl 2 solutions of [N(PPh 3 ) 2 ][ closo -1,2-Me 2 -3-(η 3 -C 3 H 5 )-3,3-(CO) 2 -3,1,2-WC 2 B 9 H 9 ] with aqueous HI in the presence of CO affords [N(PPh 3 ) 2 ][ closo -1,8-Me 2 -2-I-2,2,2-(CO) 3 -2,1,8-WC 2 B 9 H 9 ] in virtually quantitative yield. In contrast, the reaction between [N(PPh) 3 ) 2 ][ closo -1,2-Me 2 -3-(η 3 -C 3 H 5 )-3,3-(CO) 2 -3,1,2-MoC 2 B 9 H 9 ] and aqueous HI gives initially [N(PPh 3 ) 2 ][ closo -1,2-Me 2 -3-I-3,3,3-(CO) 3 -3,1,2-MoC 2 B 9 H 9 ], but the latter undergoes a cage framework rearrangement to afford [N(PPh 3 ) 2 ][ closo -1,8-Me 2 -2-I-2,2,2-(CO) 3 -2,1,8-MoC 2 B 9 H 9 , which is slow at room temperature. Protonation of [NEt 4 ][ closo -1,2-Me 2 -3-(CC 6 H 4 Me-4)-3,3-(CO) 2 -3,1,2-MoC 2 B 9 H 9 ] with aqueous HI yields initially [NEt 4 ][ closo -1,2,-Me 2 -8-(CH 2 C 6 H 4 Me-4)-3-I-3,3,3-(CO) 3 -3,1,2-MoC 2 B 9 H 8 ], which isomerizes at room temperature to give [NEt 4 ][ closo -1,8-Me 2 -11-(CH 2 C 6 H 4 Me-4)-2-I-2,2,2-(CO) 3 -2,1,8-MoC 2 B 9 H 8 ]. The reaction between [N(PPh 3 )2][ closo -1,8-Me 2 -2,I-2,2,2-(CO) 3 -2,1,8-MoC 2 B 9 H 9 ] and [W(CC 6 H 4 Me-4)(CO) 2 (η-C 5 H 5 )] in CH 2 Cl 2 in the presence of TIPF 6 affords mainly [MoW(μ-CC 6 H 4 Me-4)(CO) 3 (η 5 - nido -2,8-Me 2 -2,8-C 2 B 9 H 9 )(η-C 5 H 5 )] together with some of its polytopal isomer [MoW(μ-CC 6 H 4 Me-4)(CO) 3 (η 5 - nido -7,8-Me 2 -7,8-C 2 B 9 H 9 )(η-C 5 H 5 )].
Recombinant Factor Seven Therapy for Postoperative Bleeding in Neonatal and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

Background Severe bleeding is a major complication in the postoperative pediatric cardiac surgery patients. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of recombinant factor seven (rFVIIa) therapy in this patient population. Methods A retrospective unmatched case-control study for the previous five years in a single institution was undertaken. Patients with severe bleeding treated with rFVIIa therapy (study group) were compared with patients treated with blood products only (control group) using analysis of variance. Mediastinal bleeding, blood products transfusion, and coagulation studies before and six hours after the first dose of rFVIIa therapy were analyzed using the Student paired t test. The dose, frequency, and side-effects of rFVIIa therapy were studied. Results Forty-six patients with severe bleeding were studied. Twenty-three of 24 patients in the study group, including 12 patients placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), responded to rFVIIa therapy (mean dose 43 ± 22.9 μg/kg/dose). There was significant reduction in chest tube drainage (from 52.3 ± 36.1 mL/kg/hour to 18.8 ± 20.9 mL/kg/hour, p = 0.0003) along with significant reduction of blood products transfusion ( p Conclusions The rFVIIa therapy seems to be an effective treatment for severe bleeding in postoperative pediatric cardiac surgery patients in the absence of surgical bleeding. It must be judiciously used in patients bleeding from multiple sites or having preexistent clots in the ECMO circuit to prevent major thrombotic complications.
Exploiting modulation-code redundancy

Redundancy in modulation coding schemes for optical storage can be exploited for copy protection purposes. Two examples are given. One is a method of storing encryption key data in a manner that will not be transferred in byte by byte copying. The other makes a copy that is likely to be error prone.
The general organization of somatotopic projections to SII cerebral neocortex in the cat

Summary A detailed microelectrode mapping study of the second somatic sensory area (SII) in cats anesthetized with either sodium pentobarbital or nitrous oxide disclosed that: (1) The orientation of the body representation in SII is reversed in a mediolateral direction from the way it has been portrayed in the past. The limbs are directed laterally, not medially in the anterior ectosylvian gyrus. (2) Units in the somatotopically organized mechanoreceptive portion of SII do not commonly have bilateral receptive fields. This result is unaltered by the lightness or depth of anesthesia in the subject. It is suggested that the lack of bilateral representation in cat SII when compared with the predominance of bilaterally in monkey SII may represent a valid species difference. (3) The somatotopic organization of projections to the hand and digit areas of cat SII does not follow the body topography. Rather, the projections form strips or chains of receptive fields which are oriented near the transverse plane. Neighboring strips in the hand projection area may not be at all similar in their receptive field makeup. It is suggested that these strips are related to the receptive field pattern encountered as the dorsal rootlets enter the central nervous system.
Inelastic Response Spectra Using Conventional and Pulse R -Factors

Inelastic response spectra may be estimated by dividing elastic response spectra by \iR-factors derived from the response to a simple pulse. The pulse \iR-factor depends on the pulse shape, ductility (μ), and load-deformation model and the period of the system (\iT) relative to the characteristic period of the pulse (\IT\dp\N). Inelastic spectra estimated using pulse \iR-factors are compared with those obtained using other contemporary \iR–\iμ–\iT relationships for elastoplastic, bilinear, and stiffness-degrading single-degree-of-freedom systems. Strong motion records used in this study consist of short- and long-duration records as well as near-fault records having forward directivity features. The accuracy of the estimates is influenced by the characteristic period of the ground motion and the presence of soft soil deposits that lead to nearly harmonic surface waveforms. Pulse \iR-factors are found to be slightly better than the \iR–\iμ–\iT relations determined by other investigators. Because the pulse \iR-factors are defined implicitly by the specification of the pulse shape, they may be useful for a variety of load-deformation models and hysteretic relationships.
Experimental investigation of a reticulated porous alumina heat exchanger for high temperature gas heat recovery

The present study presents an experimental study of a prototype counter-flow heat exchanger designed to recover sensible heat from inert and reactive gases flowing through a high temperature solar reactor for splitting CO2. The tube-in-tube heat exchanger is comprised of two concentric alumina tubes, each filled with reticulated porous alumina with a nominal porosity of 80% and pore density of 5 pores per inch (ppi). The RPC provides high heat transfer surface area per unit volume (917 m(-1)) with low pressure drop. Measurements include the permeability, inertial coefficient, overall heat transfer coefficient, effectiveness and pressure drop. For laminar flow and an inlet gas temperature of 1240 K, the overall heat transfer coefficients are 36-41 W m(-2) K-1. The measured performance is in good agreement with a prior CFD model of the heat exchanger. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The oxidation of dicarboxylic acid CoA esters via peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidase.

Evidence supporting a common peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway for the coenzyme A thioesters of medium-chain-length dicarboxylic acids (DCn-CoA) and monocarboxylic acids (MCn-CoA) has been obtained. Using the mono-CoA esters of dodecanedioic acid (DC12-CoA) and lauroyl-CoA (MC12-CoA) as substrates, parallel inductions of activities and parallel increases in specific activities during purification of peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidase (EC 1.3.99.3) from rat liver after di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate treatment were seen. The purified enzyme was used for antiserum production in rabbits; antiserum specificity was verified by immunoblot analysis. Coincident losses of oxidase activities with MC12-CoA and DC12-CoA were found in immunotitration experiments with rat liver homogenates, supporting the hypothesis that peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidase is solely responsible for the oxidation of medium-chain length dicarboxylic acid substrates. Kinetic studies with purified enzyme using the mono-CoA esters of sebacic (DC10-CoA), suberic (DC8-CoA), and adipic (DC6-CoA) acids along with DC12-CoA revealed substrate inhibition. Although these substrates exhibited similar calculated Vmax values, with decreasing chain length, the combination of increasing Km values and decreasing substrate inhibition constant (Ki) caused the maximum obtainable velocity to decrease. These studies offer an explanation for the previously observed limit of the ability of peroxisomes to chain-shorten dicarboxylates and increased urinary excretion of adipic acid when peroxisomal oxidation of dicarboxylic acids is enhanced.
Experimental verification of improvement of phase shifting moire´ interferometry using wavelet-based image processing

Phase shifting interferometry is combined with wavelet-based image processing techniques to extract precise phase information for applications of moire interferometry. Specifically, a diffraction grating identical to the specimen grating is used to introduce the additional phase shifts needed to implement phase shifting moire interferometry. The phase map is calculated with the four-step phase shifting algorithm with 90-deg relative shifts between adjacent frames. Subsequently, continuous wavelet transform processing is applied to the derived phase map to remove the noise and extract precise phase information. This precise phase map is then used to calculate the in-plane strain of the specimen under loading. A curve-smoothing algorithm based on a discrete wavelet transform is applied to the resultant in-plane strain map to eliminate the noise generated through the derivative calculation. To demonstrate the usefulness of this technique, uniform vertical loading is applied to a three-layer ball grid array (BGA) package and the strain is experimentally obtained. The reconstructed phase and in-plane strains are compared to the simulation results obtained using Ansys®.
The anaerobic biodegradation of o-, m- and p-cresol by sulfate-reducing bacterial enrichment cultures obtained from a shallow anoxic aquifer

Sulfate-reducing bacterial enrichments were obtained from a shallow anoxic aquifer for their ability to metabolize eithero-, m-, orp-cresol. GC/MS and simultaneous adaptation experiments suggested that the anaerobic decomposition ofp-cresol proceeds by the initial oxidation of the aryl methyl group to formp-hydroxybenzoic acid. This intermediate was then converted to benzoic acid. Benzoic acid and a hydroxybenzaldehyde were also found in spent culture fluids from ano-cresol-degrading enrichment culture. This result, in addition to others, suggested thato-cresol may also be anaerobically degraded by the oxidation of the methyl substituent. An alternate pathway for anaerobicm-cresol decomposition might exist. Enrichment cultures obtained with eitherp- oro-cresol degraded both of these substrates but notm-cresol. In contrast, am-cresol enrichment culture did not metabolize theortho orpara isomers. Anaerobic biodegradation in all enrichment cultures was inhibited by molybdate and oxygen, and was dependent on the presence of sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor. The stoichiometry of sulfate-reduction and substrate depletion by the various enrichment cultures indicated that the parent cresol isomers were completely mineralized. This result was confirmed by the conversion of14C-labeledp-cresol to14CO2. These results help clarify the fate of alkylated aromatic chemicals in anoxic aquifers.
Mode I fracture toughness testing of eutectic Sn-Pb solder joints

The mode I plane strain fracture toughness of Cu/63Sn-37Pb solder joints was measured using a technique based upon the ASTM standard methods for fracture toughness testing. A solder joint compact tension sample geometry was selected for the evaluation and each sample was manufactured using a capillary soldering system that provides excellent control over critical processing parameters. The mode I plane strain fracture toughness based on these tests is 8.36 MPa√m. Failure is dominated by microvoid nucleation in the solder and fracture of the intermetallic particles that are located at the solder/copper interface. The validity of the testing method used and the relevance of the results to solder joint reliability are discussed.
The use of neural networks in QSARs for acute aquatic toxicological endpoints

Abstract This review surveys the applications of neural network (NN) methodologies to the field of Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships (QSARs) in aquatic toxicology. Several NN methods have been applied to substantial data sets (some involving over 1000 chemicals) for acute and sublethal toxicity endpoints for fish, invertebrate, protozoan and bacterial species. The results clearly demonstrate the methods' general ability to detect and apply non-linear structure–activity relationships for the prediction of the corresponding values for compounds not part of the training sets.
Locally atomic upper locally distributive lattice

It is well known that the meet-closed subsets of a partially ordered set P, ordered by set inclusion, form a compactly generated, dually compactly generated, distributive lattice, which we denote by LM(P). Moreover, LM(P ) is atomic if and only if P satisfies the Descending Chain Condition. In this paper we define a closure relation D--, D on LM(P ) in terms of an equivalence relation 0 on P satisfying specified conditions whereby the bar-closed sets of L~(P) form an upper locally distributive lattice LMo(P ). We thereby obtain an "upper distributive" theory that corresponds to the theory for LM(P ).
A Continuing Interlude in New Testament Textual Criticism?1

The following reassessment of present-day NT textual criticism requires, by its very nature, a brief statement of the circumstances that occasioned it. Seven years ago, in the W. H. P. Hatch Memorial Lecture at the 1973 annual meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature, I attempted in fifty minutes an adventuresome—if not audacious— assessment of the entire scope of NT textual criticism during the past century. Though this was an instructive exercise for me and one that others report as instructive also for them, it was inevitable that so bold an undertaking would elicit sharp criticism. The first hint of this came from Munster in 1976, but more clearly within the past year or so in an invitation to subscribe to a Festschrift for Matthew Black containing an article by Kurt Aland of Munster with an announced title—appearing as it did in English—that had a highly familiar ring: “The Twentieth-Century Interlude in New Testament Textual Criticism,” obviously the title of the Hatch Lecture, which, following its presentation, had been published in the 1974 volume of JBL When the Festschrift itself appeared, it seemed obvious from Professor Aland's article that some reassessment of the course and significance of twentieth-century NT textual criticism was in order. Late in September 1979, Aland's article was reprinted in the annual report of his Munster foundation for NT textual research, now under the title of “Die Rolle des 20. Jahrhunderts in der Geschichte der neutestamentlichen Textkritik.”
Metaphoric manifestations of talking “team” with team novices

This study explores the impact of the team metaphor promoted by organizational “team talk” on individuals inexperienced in the organizational team environment. Qualitative data are used to identify metaphoric entailments that team novices associate with the team concept. Results are compared to similar data from more experienced team members from one team‐based organization. The study suggests that team novices share only a very general understanding of the team metaphor and strongly associate teams with sports activities. Novices' cognitive frameworks differ from each other and from more experienced team members and team experts in some important ways. Implications for the role of metaphoric illumination and reorientation in team development training are considered.
Nonlinear relationships between anxiety and visual processing of own and others’ faces in body dysmorphic disorder

Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) often experience anxiety, as well as perceptual distortions of appearance. Anxiety has previously been found to impact visual processing. This study therefore tested the relationship between anxiety and visual processing of faces in BDD. Medication-free participants with BDD (N=17) and healthy controls (N=16) viewed photographs of their face and a familiar face during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Blood-oxygen-level dependent signal changes in regions involved in anxiety (amygdala) and detailed visual processing (ventral visual stream-VVS) were regressed on anxiety scores. Significant linear relationships between activity in the amygdala and VVS were found in both healthy controls and individuals with BDD. There was a trend of a quadratic relationship between anxiety and activity in the right VVS and a linear relationship between anxiety and activity in the left VVS for the BDD sample, and this was stronger for own-face stimuli versus familiar-face. Results suggest that anxiety symptoms in BDD may be associated with activity in systems responsible for detailed visual processing. This may have clinical implications related to heightened perceptual distortions associated with anxiety.