cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Real-Time Ultrasonic Imaging System (ARIS) for Manual Inspection of Aircraft Composite Structures

Inspection of aircraft composite structures at field site facilities (air bases) is routinely performed using manual ultrasonic testing (UT) techniques. Using these techniques, the examiner detects and sizes defects such as disbonds and delaminations by monitoring and interpreting A-scan waveform signals on a UT instrument display screen. Manual probe manipula- tion permits maximum scanning flexibility and optimization of the ultrasonic signal response by the examiner using manual motions not possible with mechanized scanners. However, the examiner also must be responsible for instrument calibration, signal interpretation, documentation of inspection results, and completeness of coverage. The data reviewer must be able to validate instrument calibration and completeness of coverage, confirm signal interpretation, and compare current UT results to those obtained during previous inspections.
Remediaciones poéticas en una cultura digimoderna: de poemarios impresos a e-books virtuales

Beginning with the concept of “remediation”, developed by Bolter and Grusin, of literature in our electronic/digital/cybercultural era, and projecting it to the McLuhan epistemology of our digital(ized) techno-pragmatism, we seek to observe the practice of “refashioning” cultural products, where the new, technologically defined, aims to correct the limitations of previous media, sometimes reaching a condemnation the past. In many aspects, this “refashioning” has meant the displacement of the text in favor of the images, sounds, graphics, kinetism. Then, these non-textual digital strategies, for the most part, reconfigure past cultural objects/products, and in doing so they produce a new expressive and/or exploratory form of knowledge. Such a situation has happened to poetry too. In this article a special case of “remediation” is presented and analyzed in the context of the poetry of the Americas (including the United States), that of the printed poems that have been converted into e-books, going on the count for the pdf books, websites and other hybrid examples. These exemplary cases and others raise a critical reflection about the impact of e-books in the literary culture of our time.
Fast BGP Simulation of Large Datacenters

Frequent configuration churn caused by maintenance, upgrades, hardware and firmware failures regularly leads to costly outages. Preventing network outages caused by misconfigurations is important for ensuring high network availability. Dealing with production datacenters with thousands of routers is a major challenge.
Analysis of Limb Outcomes by Management of Concomitant Vein Injury in Military Popliteal Artery Trauma

Background Despite aggressive limb salvage attempts, military popliteal artery injuries are associated with high amputation rates. Combined arterial and venous injuries present a management dilemma for military surgeons in austere settings, and the impact of vein injury management strategy on limb outcomes is not clear. Methods Military casualties sustaining combined ipsilateral popliteal artery and vein injuries from 2003 to 2016 were identified from a military vascular injury database. Limbs were grouped based on whether venous ligation or repair was initially performed. The primary outcome was secondary amputation; the secondary outcomes included limb and vascular/graft complications. Results Fifty-six limbs were included; of which, 27 (48%) were managed with vein ligation and 29 (52%) with repair. Veins were repaired primarily in 13 (45%) cases with the remainder being treated with interposition grafts. Median injury severity score was higher in the ligation group (19 vs 15, P = 0.09), but vascular and concomitant limb injury characteristics were similar. Amputation rates did not differ by vein treatment (45% repair vs. 41% ligation, P = 0.76), and this held with injuries above and below the knee considered independently. Most (71%) amputations were performed Conclusions Type of management of concomitant popliteal vein injury was not associated with early or late amputation in this series of military popliteal artery injuries. Vein injury management may have had implications for the development of arterial graft and limb complications, however. Surgical decision-making regarding popliteal vein treatment should balance short-term contingencies with long-term limb salvage issues.
Axially moving materials with granular microstructure

Abstract The mechanics of axially moving media is significant because of their broad engineering applications. In many engineering applications, it is beneficial to understand the dynamical material response from a microstructural viewpoint. Here we focus upon wave propagation in axially moving materials with granular microstructure. To this end, the granular micromechanics approach is utilized since the resulting continuum model is known to predict wave dispersion. To consider axially moving materials, this approach is enhanced to account for the axial velocity using an Eulerian description of the system accounting for convective terms in the material derivatives and utilizing variational approach. The dispersive behavior of axially moving 1D materials are then derived and compared with the dispersive behavior of non-moving materials. In the absence of microstructure, the axially moving material model simplifies to published literature and shows non-dispersive non-symmetric forward and backward waves. In the case of axially moving materials with granular microstructure, the model predicts dispersive non-symmetric waves. In this case, there are two acoustic and two optical wave branches. Axial velocity leads to narrowing and widening in the frequency band gaps in the forward and backward waves, respectively. Negative group velocity is also observed in certain wavenumber ranges. Clearly, the stopbands created by the axial velocity and the non-symmetric dispersive behavior studied here should be considered in engineering designs for vibration control when the axially moving material possesses granular microstructure. The results presented here can also be used to help obtain parameters needed for axially moving granular metamaterials to be designed for particular applications.
RAM-Jam: Remote Temperature and Voltage Fault Attack on FPGAs using Memory Collisions

It has been demonstrated that with concrete hardware Trojans, a remote adversary can mount physical attacks, e.g., fault or side-channel attacks, against adjacent IP cores in an FPGA. In this work, we present a novel remote fault attack, called RAM-Jam, which exploits an existing weakness in the dual port RAMs of mainstream FPGAs. The possibility of concurrent writing of opposite logic values into these RAMs not only leads to data uncertainty but also causes transient short circuits. With a sufficient number of RAM collisions, there are severe voltage drops and excessive heat that result in timing faults as well as bit-flips in the FPGA's configuration memory. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our fault injection technique and further present attacks against two applications, including a soft authentication scheme and the first remote fault attack against a deep neural network. Finally, we discuss potential countermeasures to prevent such attacks.
Activism for health: green surgery.

This year has seen an unprecedented focus on our climate change emergency.1 Activist Greta Thunberg has called for adults to join the campaign, noting, “To change everything, we need everyone.”2 We recommend self-awareness around the use of equipment in surgical theatres. Some UK estimates find the NHS responsible for 25% of public sector emissions.3 Grant and Bailey explained how …
Germline PALB2 , ATM variants in a patient with breast and ovarian cancer at risk for familial cancer syndrome: Is there a role for risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy?

A 50-year-old non-Hispanic white Caucasian female was diagnosed with breast cancer and was subsequently found to possess the tumorigenic ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and PALB2 variants but not the BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants. She visited the gynecologic oncology office for routine counseling about risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). Although the patient was asymptomatic, an adnexal mass was discovered in the physical examination performed by palpation. Upon using pre-operative imaging techniques, an 8 cm complex adnexal mass was identified. Her CA-125 level was elevated. She underwent complete cytoreductive surgery. Pathological analysis showed a stage IC clear cell carcinoma of the left ovary; subsequently, she received 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with a combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel. The patient exhibited no signs ovarian cancer in a follow-up appointment after 32 months of treatment. However, bilateral RRSO is not recommended for patients positive for ATM and PALB2. Breast cancer patients with PALB2 and ATM mutations should extensively discuss the risks and benefits of RRSO in light of current data.
Random Mutagenesis by Whole-Plasmid PCR Amplification

Random mutagenesis has become a powerful means of studying the effects of a large number of permutations of a particular DNA sequence. As a prime example, libraries of randomized cDNA clones, when translated into their corresponding proteins, can be useful in investigating the functional contributions of a mutagenized region to the overall properties of a protein. Existing molecular cloning techniques for random mutagenesis are tedious and frequently plagued with high levels of background from wild-type (nonmutagenized) template. We report a PCR-based method involving amplification of an entire plasmid containing a gene sequence of interest with partially complementary degenerate oligonucleotides for randomization of up to 12 consecutive nucleotide residues. Sequential treatment of the PCR product with Dpn/and a second specific restriction endonuclease and T4 DNA ligase followed by high-efficiency electroporation permits the generation of libraries with very low background. This technique should prove useful for studies on enzyme structure-function relationships as well as for other diverse applications.
Transitioning from pre-clinical to clinical dental radiology, a pilot study: Student perceived influences on confidence

Introduction Producing radiographic images requires the use of ionizing radiation, which has been well documented for its potentially detrimental effects on human tissues. Therefore, dental hygiene students begin their radiographic training by practicing on manikins in a pre-clinical environment. Use of manikins does not allow for patient interaction factors. No published dental studies have examined factors important in helping dental hygiene students develop confidence during the transition from manikins to working with live patients in a clinical radiology setting. Purpose/objectives The purpose of this study was to identify students' perceived influences on confidence and ultimately on performance when transitioning from a pre-clinical radiology setting to working with live patients. Specific research questions that were answered by this qualitative study were (1) What pre-clinical radiographic experiences did students feel were beneficial for transitioning from manikins to live patients? (2) What were the primary factors that students felt they struggled with when initially taking radiographs on patients? Methods A qualitative study design was implemented in 2017. Data were obtained from students in a 2-year dental hygiene program. Survey responses, focus group feedback, and observation data were used to identify common themes. Emergent themes were reported using frequencies, emic and etic expressions. Results Four themes surfaced surrounding patient management, communication, appointment mechanics, and infection control. Conclusion The use of standardized simulated patients may enhance clinical preparedness and confidence.
The Dow Theory: William Peter Hamilton's Track Record Reconsidered

Alfred Cowles' test of the Dow Theory apparently provides strong evidence against the ability of Wall Street's most famous chartist to forecast the stock market. Cowles (1934) analyzes editorials published by the chief exponent of the Dow Theory, William Peter Hamilton. We review Cowles' evidence and find that it supports the contrary conclusion. Hamilton's timing strategies actually yield high Sharpe ratios and positive alphas for the period 1902 to 1929. Neural net modeling to replicate Hamilton's market calls provides interesting insight into the Dow Theory and allows us to examine the properties of the theory itself out of sample. ALFRED COWLES' TEST OF THE Dow THEORY apparently provides strong evidence against the ability of Wall Street's most famious chartist, William Peter Hamilton, to forecast the stock market. Cowles' (1934) analysis is a landmark in the development of empirical evidence about the informational efficiency of the market. He claims that market timing based on the Dow Theory results in returns that lag the market. In this paper, we review Cowles' evidence and find that it supports the contrary conclusion-the Dow Theory, as applied by Hamilton over the period 1902 to 1929, yields positive risk-adjusted returns. The difference in the results is apparently due to t,he lack of adjustment for risk. Cowles compares the returns obtained from Hamilton's market timing strategy to a benchmark of a fully invested stock portfolio. In fact, the Hamilton portfolio, as Cowles interprets it, is frequently out of the market. Adjustment for systematic risk appears to vindicate Hamilton as a market timer. To estimate the risk-adjusted returns that may have been obtained by following the Dow Theory over the Hamilton period, we classify the miarket forecasts he made in the 255 editorials published in The Wall Street Journal during his tenure as editor. Using the risk-less rate as a benchmark, we find that Hamilton's ratio of correct to incorrect calls is higher than would be expected by chance. Using total return data for the Cowles index of stock market returns and the S&P index over the 27-year period, we find that the
The Fate of Inner Suburbs: Evidence from Metropolitan Baltimore

This paper analyzes the transformation of Baltimore's inner suburbs from 1980 to 2000. After developing a geographic definition of inner suburbs, we then spatially analyze them using census place-level data. The analysis shows evidence of socioeconomic decline in Baltimore's inner suburbs, but the extent of this decline varies among these suburbs. Since 1980, many declining inner suburbs had difficulty attracting new residents, White flight was the prevailing trend, and the housing stock was outdated relative to the outer suburbs. The analysis suggests three major influences on decline among the inner suburbs of Baltimore: labor market restructuring, the nature of the local housing market, and income and racial segregation. This paper concludes with a classification of Baltimore's inner suburbs based on our understanding of the processes of suburban decline in the region.
Revealed preferences of individual players in sequential games

Abstract This paper studies rational choice behavior of a player in sequential games of perfect and complete information without an assumption that the other players who join the same games are rational. The model of individually rational choice is defined through a decomposition of the behavioral norm assumed in the subgame perfect equilibria, and we propose a set of axioms on collective choice behavior that characterize the individual rationality obtained as such. As the choice of subgame perfect equilibrium paths is a special case where all players involved in the choice environment are each individually rational, the paper offers testable characterizations of both individual rationality and collective rationality in sequential games.
Noninvasive Ventilation Strategies in the Age of COVID-19: An Evolving Story.

Over the past decade, use of noninvasive oxygenation strategies (NIOS) for the treatment of hypoxemic respiratory failure, consisting mainly of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), has increased substantially despite a lack of supporting evidence.[1][1] In contrast, on
Cutaneous symplastic hemangioma: a series of four cases

Symplastic hemangiomas are benign vascular lesions that demonstrate atypia in vascular smooth muscle and interstitial cells with sparing of endothelial cells. We present four cases of this rare tumor. The patients (2M;2F) ranged in age from 57-83 years (median 74); lesions were located on the leg (n=3) and back (n=1), and ranged from 6-8 mm. SH were well-circumscribed and dermal-based, often with an epidermal collarette (3/4). They were characterized by the presence of variably atypical, hyperchromatic/pleomorphic epithelioid to spindled cells within vascular walls (3/4) and/or perivascular stroma (4/4). Atypical multinucleated cells were present in 3 of 4 cases. The overall mitotic rate was low (0-2 mitotic figures per 10 HPFs; mean 0.75 per 10 HPFs), but atypical mitotic figures were seen in 2 of 4 cases. Atypical cells were negative for SMA (0/2), desmin (0/2), AE1/3 (0/2), and CAM5.2 (0/1). ERG, CD31, and CD34 stains were positive in endothelial cells but negative in atypical cells (4/4). Lesional cells and vessels were negative for podoplanin (3/3). Symplastic hemangioma is a benign tumor with bizarre atypia that may be mistaken for malignancy. We present four cases of this rare entity to increase awareness of this tumor and discuss the differential diagnosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Re-thinking Neutrality Through Emotional Labour: the (In)visible Work of Conference Interpreters

Relying upon a combination of ethnomethodological and sociological tools provided by Hochschild’s (2003 [1983]) theory of emotional labour, this article examines the concept of the interpreter’s neutrality as a form of feeling management at work which requires interpreters to align their behaviours with the norms shaping each interpreting setting. Drawing on the interviews conducted between March and August 2018 with twenty-one interpreters working in various social, cultural, and institutional settings, the study describes the interpreter’s emotional labour in the context of conference interpreting, and argues that the interpreter’s actual task of becoming the voice of the speaker intrinsically involves emotional labour. Achieving neutrality entails suppressing personal beliefs and displaying certain emotions which may not always be genuine in some contexts, and tending to the needs of clients in others. The conceptual framework of emotional labour offers an important analytical tool to re-visit theoretically and empirically not only the notion of the interpreter’s neutrality from a critical perspective, but also the incoherence of professional codes of practice, which oftentimes leaves interpreters in a practical and ethical quandary.
SPORTTYPE AND BASELINE NEUROCOGNITIVE SCORES AMONG HEALTHY HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETES

Background:Athletes who participate in collision sports may experience more repetitive head impacts than other sport types. These repetitive head impacts have been theorized as a potential catalyst...
High National Rates of High-Dose Dopamine Agonist Prescribing for RLS.

Study objectives Long-term dopamine agonist (DA) use in restless legs syndrome (RLS) is associated with augmentation, a dose-related symptom worsening leading to further dose escalation to manage RLS. This study investigated rates and factors of high-dose DA prescribing in US RLS patients. Methods This retrospective analysis examined data from a US longitudinal prescriptions database (October 2017-September 2018). Patients diagnosed with RLS (ICD-10 G255.81) without Parkinson's disease who were prescribed ropinirole, pramipexole, and/or rotigotine were included. Daily DA dosage was categorized: LOW/MID (FDA-approved/guideline or slightly above FDA-approved [pramipexole]); HIGH (101%-149%); VERY HIGH (>150%). Patient counts were converted to US national estimates. Logistic regression of patient counts evaluated factors associated with HIGH/VERY HIGH DA dosing. Results Of 670,404 RLS patients (131,289,331 therapy days), 58.8% were prescribed DA therapy. Overall, 19.1% of RLS patients were prescribed DAs above maximum FDA-approved/guideline daily doses-over half of these were >150% maximum recommended doses; 67.6% of HIGH/VERY HIGH-dose prescriptions were pramipexole (OR [95% CI] pramipexole vs ropinirole, 5.8 [5.7-6.0]). The highest 1% of DA prescriptions were ≥10× the FDA-recommended maximum daily dose. Rates of HIGH/VERY HIGH DA dosing increased with patient age. Twice as many neurologists (31.1%) prescribed HIGH/VERY HIGH doses vs other specialties (OR [95%CI], 2.1 [1.2-2.0]). Conclusions Approximately 20% of DA-treated RLS patients were prescribed doses above the approved and guideline daily maximum. Pramipexole, Neurology as specialty, and patient age were independently associated with HIGH/VERY HIGH DA dosing. Increased education is warranted regarding risks of high-dose DA exposure in RLS.
Adolescent depression symptoms and e-cigarette progression.

Abstract Background Depression symptoms are associated with the initiation of cigarette smoking and progression to regular use. Whether similar relationships exist between depression symptoms and adolescent e-cigarette progression has not been firmly established. Methods This prospective longitudinal survey study measured the relationship between depression symptoms and e-cigarette use among 1822 adolescents from four public high schools outside of Philadelphia, PA. Adolescents completed in-classroom surveys at wave 1 (fall 2016, 9th grade) and 6-month intervals for the following 36 months (fall 2019, 12th grade). E-cigarette use, depression symptoms, and potential covariates were measured at each wave. A latent growth curve model was used to assess the longitudinal relationship between e-cigarette use and depression symptoms. Results Baseline depressive symptoms had a significant effect on e-cigarette use trend (b = 0.01, z = 4.29, p Conclusions The present study provides new evidence for the effects of depression symptoms on adolescent e-cigarette progression. Greater depressive symptoms at age 14 years old were associated with a faster rate of e-cigarette escalation. However, e-cigarette use was not related to the development of depression symptoms over time. It will be important to examine whether adolescents with elevated depression symptoms respond similarly to e-cigarette prevention campaigns as adolescents in general.
Institutional Strategies to Enhance Graduate Student Success Through Mentoring

High-quality mentoring is a vital component of graduate education that leads to degree completion. For many students and faculty members, the traditional model of mentorship based on a fixed hierarchy is no longer viable because of the increasing complexity of higher education, diversification of graduate student career paths, and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. For the success of our students and graduate programs, it is essential that kinesiology leaders place renewed effort on supporting the mentoring relationship through departmental strategies. Effective mentoring can assist students in feeling competent, autonomous, and connected with others. The purpose of this paper is to explore the three components of a contemporary model of mentorship—transparent socialization, mutually shared expectations, and the student as a whole individual.
The Dialogism of Meaning, The Discursive Embeddedness of Knowledge, The Colloquy of Being

While the field of linguistics is far from an undifferentiated whole,1 much linguistic theorizing over the centuries is unified by an understanding of linguistic patterns as being separate from individual and cultural knowledge. With the end of the Cold War, however, that conceptualization is seen as severely hindering our ability to address pressing problems on all levels of society. Among these are the concurrent demands for sophisticated levels of multiliteracies in the multicultural environment of the global information age, even as countries must deal with the consequences of dramatic migrations of entire ethnic groups and momentous country-internal demographic and economic shifts. All of these involve the ability to use languages competently in order for individuals and groups to participate in and contribute to the knowledge of societies, indeed in order to enable the existence of a viable multicultural civil society.
Subtype-specific plasticity of inhibitory circuits in motor cortex during motor learning

Motor skill learning induces long-lasting reorganization of dendritic spines, principal sites of excitatory synapses, in the motor cortex. However, mechanisms that regulate these excitatory synaptic changes remain poorly understood. Here, using in vivo two-photon imaging in awake mice, we found that learning-induced spine reorganization of layer (L) 2/3 excitatory neurons occurs in the distal branches of their apical dendrites in L1 but not in the perisomatic dendrites. This compartment-specific spine reorganization coincided with subtype-specific plasticity of local inhibitory circuits. Somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons (SOM-INs), which mainly inhibit distal dendrites of excitatory neurons, showed a decrease in axonal boutons immediately after the training began, whereas parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons (PV-INs), which mainly inhibit perisomatic regions of excitatory neurons, exhibited a gradual increase in axonal boutons during training. Optogenetic enhancement and suppression of SOM-IN activity during training destabilized and hyperstabilized spines, respectively, and both manipulations impaired the learning of stereotyped movements. Our results identify SOM inhibition of distal dendrites as a key regulator of learning-related changes in excitatory synapses and the acquisition of motor skills.
Optical Analog of the Mössbauer Effect

This chapter consists of a discussion of certain aspects of the influence of the lattice motion in crystals upon the optical absorption spectrum associated with localized defects in the crystal. The central theme might be considered the phonon broadening of optical spectra. The relevance of these remarks to the title will become apparent shortly.
Therapeutic potential of SH2 domain-containing inositol-5′-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) and SHIP2 inhibition in cancer

Many tumors present with increased activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) signaling pathway. It has long been thought that the lipid phosphatases SH2 domain-containing inositol-5′-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) and SHIP2 act as tumor suppressors by counteracting with the survival signal induced by this pathway through hydrolysis or PtdIns(3/4/5)P3 to PtdIns(3,4)P2. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that PtdInd(3,4)P2 is capable of, and essential for, Akt activation, thus suggesting a potential role for SHIP1/2 enzymes as proto-oncogenes. We recently described a novel SHIP1-selective chemical inhibitor (3α-aminocholestane (3AC)) that is capable of killing malignant hematologic cells. In this study, we further investigate the biochemical consequences of 3AC treatment in multiple myeloma (MM) and demonstrate that SHIP1 inhibition arrests MM cell lines in either G0/G1 or G2/M stages of the cell cycle, leading to caspase activation and apoptosis. In addition, we show that in vivo growth of MM cells is blocked by treatment of mice with the SHIP1 inhibitor 3AC. Furthermore, we identify three novel pan-SHIP1/2 inhibitors that efficiently kill MM cells through G2/M arrest, caspase activation and apoptosis induction. Interestingly, in SHIP2-expressing breast cancer cells that lack SHIP1 expression, pan-SHIP1/2 inhibition also reduces viable cell numbers, which can be rescued by addition of exogenous PtdIns(3,4)P2. In conclusion, this study shows that inhibition of SHIP1 and SHIP2 may have broad clinical application in the treatment of multiple tumor types.
Interstate preemption: the right to travel, the right to life, and the right to die.

State laws differ, and they differ on issues of tremendous importance to the ways that we conduct our lives. Abortion and the right to die are two issues on which state law intersects with deeply held moral convictions, and on which state laws vary. With so much hanging in the balance, it is not surprising that those who find themselves outvoted or outmaneuvered in local political processes sometimes seek a legal climate more compatible with their beliefs about human decency and dignity. The right to "vote with one's feet" to travel or move to another state and trade a law one finds repugnant for a better one is defined and circumscribed by the constitutional limitations peculiar to the conflict of laws.
“Hotspots” for Bullying: Exploring the Role of Environment in School Violence

Abstract Bullying is a chronic and ubiquitous problem that has ignited concern about children's safety at school. Most studies completed thus far have focused on the interpersonal psychological characteristics of bully and victim, but little has been examined regarding common locations or hotspots for bullying. This study found location to be of import in that hotspots can be identified at each school and differ with regard to gender and grade. Schools can prevent and intercede more effectively with bullying if they can identify their particular hotspots, target those specific locations, and educate school personnel. Our full development of this area has yet to be achieved. Research is critically needed, in order to further understand hotspots, their relation to types of bullying behaviors, and their implication for prevention of bullying.
Getting Evicted for the Actions of Others: A Proposed Amendment to the Anti-Drug Abuse Act

Section 1437d(11(6) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 seeks to eliminate the dangerous conditions in America's public housing complexes by providing housing authorities with the ability to combat the drug crisis through streamlined third-party-action evictions. Both history and substantive due process challenges to this law reveal significant problems, however, with providing management with broad discretion to evict tenants uninvolved in or unaware of a third party's illegal activities. This Note proposes that Congress amend § 1437d( /) (6) to require that public housing tenants have actual or constructive notice, based on an objective standard, of a non-household member's prohibited activities in order to be evicted. This proposal effectively balances tenant interests with legislative intent to achieve efficient, effective, and fair public housing reform.
9 Imaging in the Evaluation of Patients with Prostate Cancer

Ultrasound probably aids in the effectiveness of biopsy for diagnosis, although imaging is not of proven value in screening (moderate evidence).Skeletal scintigraphy and computed tomography (CT) play a crucial role in assessing metastatic disease; they can be eliminated, however, in patients whose tumor volume, Gleason score, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are relatively low (strong evidence).Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most accurate of the imaging techniques in local staging, but its relative expense and persistent false-positive and false-negative rates for locally invasive disease suggest that it should be interpreted along with all additional available data, and reserved for patients in whom other data leave treatment choices ambiguous (strong evidence).Assessment of metastatic tumor burden by bone scan and CT are of prognostic value. After initial therapy, monitoring disease is primarily done with serial PSA determinations; imaging for recurrence should be limited to patients whose PSA levels clearly indicate recurrent or progressive disease and in whom imaging results have the potential to affect treatment (limited evidence).
Polar traverse rover development for Mars, Europa and Earth

The history of Antarctic exploration is filled with traverses for scientific and operational purposes, and they continue to be conducted today. Similarly, traverses are a crucial part of planned planetary science and operations. This paper addresses the proposal for development of an autonomous rover capable of making such extreme environment traverses while accomplishing complex tasks.
THE PHENOTHIAZINETRANQUILIZERS: BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL ACTIONS.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses biochemical and biophysical actions of the phenothiazine tranquilizers. The alteration of membrane permeability is one of the major effects of and constitutes the major mode of action of the phenothiazine tranquilizers. The phenothiazines produce changes in membraneless systems. For example, certain purified enzymes are inhibited by chlorpromazine (CPZ ). The enzyme inhibitions and the alterations in membrane function have a common cause at the molecular level. The chapter discusses the similarity between Wilson's disease and certain actions of the phenothiazines. The qualitative similarity of pharmacodynamic actions among phenothiazine derivatives extending to chemical relatives, such as methylene blue, is discussed. The chapter also discusses the antagonism in some systems and between the phenothiazines and Rauwolfia alkaloids. There is also a discussion regarding how this antagonism underscores the difference in basic action of the two major tranquilizer groups. There is evidence provided that the phenothiazines, in apparent contrast to other drugs, act in the central nervous system at those sites where they concentrate in the brain.
Neurology Resident Documentation Using an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) in the Outpatient Continuity Clinic and its Financial Implications (s19.001)

OBJECTIVE: To assess resident documentation in a general neurology outpatient clinic to determine the quality and impact of resident documentation on potential billing service levels for evaluation and management (E/M) BACKGROUND: Proper documentation of patient encounters is essential for optimal patient care and financial reimbursement. The ACGME recognizes documentation as a key component in the core competency of communication. Studies from medical and surgical specialties report that residents’ medical documentation is often incomplete. Currently, there are no published reports on the quality of Neurology residents’ documentation. DESIGN/METHODS: Resident documentation was completed using EMR (EPIC). A checklist template was created by modifying the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) E/M templates reference to documentation guidelines provided by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Three reviewers compared the modified checklist to the AAN templates. Inter-rater reliability was established. Charts of follow-up clinic patients were reviewed over a 16-week period. Based on disease complexity, blinded reviews of ideal vs actual visit level were determined. Chi-squared analysis and Mann Whitney tests were performed using Stata software. RESULTS: Of the 214 charts identified for review, under-documentation lowered visit level in 53[percnt] (n=114) of visits. This equated to approximately 23.5[percnt] ($5800) loss in potential earnings. Training year did not affect level of documentation. Utilization of an exam template (n=134) vs. no template (n=80) was associated with higher visit levels (p=0.02). Of the 114 charts, 63[percnt] (n=72) failed to address all neurological diagnoses. Common elements lacking in the history were the review of systems, 63[percnt] (n=72), documentation of past medical, family, or social history 53[percnt] (n=60), and HPI 24[percnt] (n=27). CONCLUSIONS: Despite EMR, residents under-document patient encounters. Exam templates improved billing level. However, under-documentation was present in all three chart components. Educational interventions are needed to improve neurology resident documentation and billing. Disclosure: Dr. Liang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lucido has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gao has nothing to disclose. Dr. Peng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shanker has nothing to disclose.
Overuse of Testing in Preoperative Evaluation and Syncope: A Survey of Hospitalists

BACKGROUND Health care reform efforts and initiatives seek to improve quality and reduce costs by eliminating unnecessary care. However, little is known about overuse and its drivers, especially in hospitals. OBJECTIVE To assess the extent of and factors associated with overuse of testing in U.S. hospitals. DESIGN National survey of practice patterns for 2 common clinical vignettes: preoperative evaluation and syncope. Respondents were randomly selected and randomly provided 1 of 4 versions of each vignette. Each version contained identical clinical information but varied in factors that could change physician behavior. Respondents were asked to identify what they believed most hospitalists at their institution would recommend in each vignette. SETTING Mailed survey conducted from June through October 2011. PARTICIPANTS Physicians practicing adult hospital medicine in the United States. MEASUREMENTS Responses indicating overuse (more testing than recommended by American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines). RESULTS 68% (1020 of 1500) of hospitalists responded. They reported overuse in 52% to 65% of the preoperative evaluation vignettes and 82% to 85% of the syncope vignettes. Overuse more frequently resulted from a physician's desire to reassure patients or themselves than an incorrect belief that it was clinically indicated (preoperative evaluation, 63% vs. 37%; syncope, 69% vs. 31%; P < 0.001 for each). LIMITATION Survey responses may not represent actual clinical choices. CONCLUSION Physicians reported substantial overuse in 2 common clinical situations in the hospital. Improving provider knowledge of guidelines may help reduce overuse, but despite awareness of the guidelines, physicians often deviate from them to reassure patients or themselves. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Foundation, Department of Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, University of Michigan Specialist-Hospitalist Allied Research Program, and Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs/University of Michigan Patient Safety Enhancement Program.
Wisdom for Music Education From the Recording Studio

Instead of focusing on the “stuff” of recording technology, this column explores ideas about the music that comes from the recording studio. Based on the author’s experience working with Mark Rubel...
Sex therapy in the couples context: Therapy issues of victims of sexual trauma

Abstract As the incidence of sexual trauma grows, it is becoming increasingly important for family therapists to understand the influence of traumatic events on survivors' sexual and other significant relationships. This paper discusses the relationship between sexual trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the influence of sexual trauma on the significant relationships of survivors, and the clinical issues in sex therapy with couples with one or more survivors of sexual trauma. A cognitive-behavioral model of therapy is discussed as an effective model for integrating sexual trauma healing into the ongoing relationship and sex therapy.
Distribution of Insect Attacks in Biological Control of Weeds: Infestation of Centaurea virgata Flowerheads by a Gall Fly

Abstract The success of biological control efforts to reduce weed density through release of insects may depend as much on the distribution of insect attacks among individual plants or plant parts as on the mean level of infestation. We used an index of dispersion to describe the distribution of Urophora quadrifasciata (Diptera: Tephritidae) galls among squarrose knapweed ( Centaurea virgata ) flowerheads at 18 west central Utah sites in the first 5 years following introduction of the biological control agent. Two thirds of the samples showed a significantly aggregated distribution of galls among flowerheads. Statistical analysis showed that site and year accounted for relatively small proportions of the variance in the index of dispersion. The degree of gall aggregation among flowerheads was positively correlated with the mean flowerhead quality (mean number of seeds per flowerhead; P = 0.013) and tended to be negatively correlated with the mean fly density per flowerhead at a site in a given year ( P = 0.097). Our data suggest that higher quality flowerheads, and possibly higher quality plants, are preferentially attacked by U. quadrifasciata and therefore are more heavily subject to reduced reproductive potential through biological control. However, an aggregated distribution of fly attacks may undercut the potential of the fly to reduce seed production by the weed population as a whole. Understanding both the distribution of insect attacks among individual plants and the behavioral mechanisms producing such distribution patterns is important to the biological control of weeds.
Combined energy management and calculus of variations approach for optimizing hypersonic vehicle trajectories

Abstract An efficient performance analysis method is developed to evaluate potential hydrogen fueled turbojet, ramjet and scramjet propulsion for advanced technology hypersonic aircraft. An algorithm, based on energy management and calculus of variations, is developed for determining optimal trajectories. The methodology applies both techniques simultaneously in obtaining the optimal trajectory. Many mission, flight, and vehicle-related requirements and constraints are satisfied in the process. In addition, powered hypersonic flight produces unique performance characteristics not encountered at subsonic speeds. With the analysis method, two potential hypersonic vehicles are evaluated, both for maximizing payload and minimizing time to climb, and the resulting optimal trajectories are presented.
Discontinuous Modulation Scheme for a Differential-Mode Ćuk Inverter

The differential-mode Cuk inverter (DMCI) is a single-stage inverter with low device count. It offers advantages over other topologies because of compactness, higher power density, and reduced cost. It is a promising topological configuration for renewable-/alternative-energy applications with isolated as well as nonisolated structures. The continuous modulation scheme (CMS), which was introduced originally for this inverter, activates all the modules of the DMCI. The new discontinuous modulation scheme (DMS) deactivates one module in each half line-cycle leading to discontinuous operation of modules. This paper outlines the DMS and a mechanism to realize it. The experimental open-loop and closed-loop results of the DMCI using CMS and DMS are provided along with a comparison of their performances. It is shown that, the DMS reduces the circulating power and hence mitigates the losses. The voltage ratings of the devices also are reduced with the DMS. In contrast, the CMS has wider linearity in its normalized dc-voltage gain and yields reduced harmonic distortion of the output voltage. For DMS, to achieve comparable linearity in normalized dc-voltage gain and distortion, harmonic compensation under closed-loop control is a pathway that has been demonstrated.
Intrahepatic sources of biliary-like micelles.

Abstract To study the hepatocellular origins of biliary lipids, bile acid-lipid micelles were isolated from rat liver subfractions in vitro by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, using 10 mM sodium taurocholate in the column eluant. Micelles of similar size to biliary micelles were obtained from microsome suspensions and from Golgi content that had been isolated in 5 mM sodium taurocholate-containing subcellular fractionation media. The phospholipid composition of these ‘biliary-like’ micelles was similar but not identical to that of biliary micelles; cholesterol was detected in the micelles from Golgi content but not microsomes. ‘Biliary-like’ micelles could not be isolated from plasma membranes (including highly purified canalicular membranes), Golgi membranes or liver cytosol. These data suggest that biliary lipid micelles (or micelle precursors) may originate from the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
Prostaglandin E2 produced by inducible COX-2 and mPGES-1 promoting cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract Aim Many cancers originate and flourish in a prolonged inflammatory environment. Our aim is to understand the mechanisms of how the pathway of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) biosynthesis and signaling can promote cancer growth in inflammatory environment at cellular and animal model levels. Main methods In this study, a chronic inflammation pathway was mimicked with a stable cell line that over-expressed a novel human enzyme consisting of cyclooxygenase isoform-2 (COX-2) linked to microsomal (PGE 2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1)) for the overproduction of pathogenic PGE 2 . This PGE 2 -producing cell line was co-cultured and co-implanted with three human cancer cell lines including prostate, lung, and colon cancers in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Key findings Increases in cell doubling rates for the three cancer cell types in the presence of the PGE 2 -producing cell line were clearly observed. In addition, one of the four human PGE 2 subtype receptors, EP 1 , was used as a model to identify PGE 2 -signaling involved in promoting the cancer cell growth. This finding was further proven in vivo by co-implanting the PGE 2 -producing cells line and the EP 1 -positive cancer cells into the immune deficient mice, after that, it was observed that the PGE 2 -producing cells promoted all three types of cancer formation in the mice. Significance This study clearly demonstrated that the human COX-2 linked to mPGES-1 is a pathway that, when mediated by the EP, is linked to promoting cancer growth in a chronic inflammatory environment. The identified pathway could be used as a novel target for developing and advancing anti-inflammation and anti-cancer interventions.
The B Chromosome of Maize

The B chromosome in maize is small and highly heterochromatic. Its presence or absence in a plant has no apparent effect on the organism and the B is considered genetically inert. Studies with the maize B chromosome can be divided into two general categories: (1) analysis of the chromosome itself, including its origin, evolution, gene constitution, and DNA content, and (2) utilization of the chromosome in translocations to manipulate segments of standard (A) chromosomes. In the first category, an important finding has been that several genes exist on the B chromosome which help maintain its presence in populations through a system of non‐Mendelian inheritance. In the second type of research, a number of methods have been developed for manipulating A chromosome dosage with B‐A translocations. Segmental monosomics, trisomics, and tetrasomics have been constructed. Applications of the techniques are found mainly in cytological localization of genes and in construction of gene dosage series.