cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An application of wavelet bases in the spectral domain analysis of transmission line discontinuities

The local support and vanishing moment property of wavelet bases have been recently used to obtain a sparse matrix representation of integral equations in the spatial domain. In this paper, an application of the cubic spline and the corresponding semi-orthogonal wavelets in the spectral domain is proposed for the evaluation of the reflection coefficient for open/short transmission lines. Because of the nearly optimal time (space)–frequency (wavenumber)–window product of the cubic spline and wavelet, the double spectral integrals appearing in the formulation can be computed more efficiently than with the commonly used piecewise sinusoidal (PWS) or triangular basis functions. It is shown that the time–frequency-window product of the triangular and PWS function are close to each other, whereas those of the cubic spline/wavelet are close to 0·5, the lowest possible value corresponding to functions of Gaussian class. Both the PWS and wavelet bases are applied to microstrip and coplanar waveguides with isotropic and anisotropic substrates, and the results are compared with published theoretical and experimental data. It is observed that even though the number of splines/wavelets required for an accurate representation of the current distribution in the transmission line is almost twice as high as the number of PWS functions, the overall computation time decreases significantly in the former case. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
B 74-31 Signals, Systems, and the Computer

This book is intended to be a text on signals and systems for senior or first-year graduate electrical engineering courses. The text covers a wide range of subjects so that it may be used for a one or two semester course.
Adsorption equilibria of the light hydrocarbon gases on the activated carbon and silica gel

A new method is presented for the determination of adsorption equilibria for pure components and mixtures both at high and low pressures. Isotherms for carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, n-butane, i-pentane, and n-pentane on activated carbon (Columbia grade NXC 8/10) and on silica gel (Mobil Sorbead H) at 75°, 125°, 200°, and 300°F. are given for pressures ranging from below atmospheric to 1,000 lb./sq. in. Also, adsorption equilibria data are presented for several multicomponent mixtures of the light hydrocarbon gases. The data collected were correlated with good accuracy by use of the two-layer kinetic model developed previously by Gonzalez.
Monte Carlo simulation studies of the solvation of ions. 2. Glycine zwitterion

Abstract A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation has been carried out on the zwitterionic form of glycine in water, using TIP4P potentials for water and analogous potentials for the solute. In the conformation considered an intramolecular H bond between one of the carboxyl oxygens and one of the ammonium hydrogens is present, that prevents an intermolecular H bond with solvent for both atoms. As in the case of the solvation of the individual ions, analysis of the water structure around the solute suggests four types of water: (a) those tightly bound to the oxygens of the carboxyl group; (b) those tightly bound to the hydrogens of the ammonium group; (c) hydrophobically bound waters near the methylene group and (d) bulk waters. An enthalpy of solvation of −70 kcal/mol is calculated, in reasonable agreement with the experimental value.
Smart Ferroelectrics for Acoustic and Vibration Control

The dynamic compliance coefficient S33 of hard ceramic structures can be changed by incorporating them as sensor-actuator combinations and applying electronic feedback in proper phase. These smart ceramic structures can sense and react to pressure fluctuations by changing their compliance so that energy can be removed from the stimulus. Some basic geometries of smart struc tures in which there is negligible field coupling between the sensor and the actuator and a basic smart structure with very high field coupling are developed and their applications in active vibration control investigated. Results for narrowband vibration control are presented which clearly show that ceramic structures can be made harder or softer depending on the phase of the feedback signal.
Application of a classification system focusing on potential asphyxia for cases of sudden unexpected infant death.

Current classification schemes for sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) may not be optimal for capturing scene events that potentially predispose to asphyxia. (1) To compare causes of death in a group of SUID cases assigned by multiple reviewers using our recently published classification scheme for SUID that is based on asphyxial risk at the death scene, and (2) To compare these newly assigned causes of death to that originally assigned by the medical examiners of record who performed the autopsies. Five reviewers independently assigned causes of death for 117 cases of SUID, including 83 originally diagnosed as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), accessioned into the San Diego SIDS/SUDC Research Project from the San Diego County Medical Examiner’s Office. The diagnostic categories are: A: SIDS; B: Unexplained—Potentially Asphyxia; C: Unexplained—Other Potential Causes of Death; D: Unclassified—Other; E: Unclassified; and F: Known Cause of Death. The reviewers collectively opined that conditions at the death scene contributed to or caused death in 32–50% of all of the 117 cases as well as in 40–59% of the 83 originally diagnosed SIDS cases. Another cause of death was considered plausible in 2–12% of the SIDS cases. Application of this new classification system resulted in 55–69% decrease in SIDS diagnoses. Asphyxia as a potential contributor to, or as the specific cause of death, appears to exist in a large percentage of cases designated as SIDS using other classification schemes. When certifiers use a classification system that focuses upon potential asphyxia in determining the cause of death the incidence of SIDS dramatically declines.
Mean field heat transfer scaling for non-Newtonian stagnant lid convection

Abstract Convection with asymptotically large viscosity contrasts occurs in the stagnant lid regime characterized by the formation of an immobile lid on top of a convective layer. Convection beneath the lid is driven by the rheological temperature scale rather than the entire temperature drop across the layer. A boundary layer treatment of the mean field hydrodynamic equations with infinite Prandtl number, no-slip boundary conditions, and temperature- and stress-dependent viscosity yields a scaling relationship for the stagnant lid heat flux. When the wavenumber is chosen such that the heat flux is maximized, the scaling relationship is in reasonable agreement with results of time-dependent, two-dimensional, convection simulations and boundary layer stability analysis. The best agreement with data occurs for pseudo-steady state, low Rayleigh number convection before the fully time-dependent asymptotic regime is reached.
On-board switching and processing

Findings from NASA's space electronics division's (SED's) advanced systems studies related to future communications satellite services that will require onboard switching and processing technology are reviewed. SED's digital signal switching and processing technology program is reviewed. This program responds to specific systems technology development needs for enabling commercial development of future satellite services. The technologies include: modulators, demodulators, and forward error-correction hardware for space- and ground-based applications; onboard information switching and processing, onboard network control, and health monitoring; and cost-efficient ground terminals. The in-house systems integration, test, and evaluation (SITE) project, which includes a laboratory testbed for evaluating technology in a simulated systems environment, is reviewed. >
ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN THE CHEMORECEPTORS OF THE BLOWFLY : I. RESPONSES TO CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL STIMULATION

The electrical responses of the neurons associated with the various types of chemosensory hairs of the blowfly, Phormia regina Meigen, following stimulation by chemical and mechanical means have been studied. The singly innervated chemosensory hairs on the ovipositor, maxillary palpi, and antennae respond vigorously to chemical stimulation, but not to mechanical stimulation. The triply innervated chemosensory hairs on the labellum, tarsus, and wing have two neurons which respond only to chemical stimuli. The third neuron responds only to mechanical stimulation. The differential responses of the two chemosensory neurons to various chemical stimuli following the removal of the tip of the hair suggest that the structures responsible for chemoreception are located throughout the distal processes of these neurons. The response of the third neuron to mechanical stimulation is similar to the response recorded from the neuron associated with one type of tactile hair which responds to motion and not to steady deformation. Recordings have been made from the neurons associated with purely tactile hairs using the cut hair as an extension of the micropipette. The mechanosensory neuron of the wing chemosensory hair is capable of responding at the rate of at least 600 impulses per sec. and may serve to indicate changes in air flow over the wing surfaces during flight to enable the fly to correct the wing camber and attack angle.
Prenatal origins of temperamental reactivity in early infancy

Background: Temperament theory has long considered individual differences in reactivity and regulation to be present at birth. Recent evidence suggests that such differences may be present prenatally and moderated by maternal emotionality. Aims:To determinewhether induced maternal emotionalactivation generates a fetal response and whether observed fetal responsivity is associated with early infant temperament. Studydesign:Womenviewed anemotionallyevocativelaboranddeliverydocumentary at32weeks gestationwhilephysiologicalindiceswereevaluatedandtheirinfant'stemperamentwasassessedat 6 weeks postnatal age. Subjects: Participants were 137 pregnant women and their infants. Outcome measures: Maternal physiological (heart rate and skin conductance) and fetal neurobehavioral (heart rate and motor activity) data were collected during gestation in response to the stimulus. Infant temperament (irritability and consolability) data were based on observational methods after birth. Results: Fetuses reacted to maternal viewing of the video with decreased heart rate variability, fewermotorbouts,anddecreasedmotoractivity.Therewascorrespondencebetweenthenatureof individualmaternalphysiologicalresponsestothefullvideo,aswellasphasicresponsestoagraphic birth scene, and fetal responsivity. Fetuses that reacted more intensively to maternal stimulation were significantly more likely to become infants that demonstrated greater irritability during a developmental examination at 6 weeks of age. Discussion: These results support the presumption that early postnatal temperamental characteristics emerge during the prenatal period.
Learning optimal classifier chains for real-time big data mining

A plethora of emerging Big Data applications require processing and analyzing streams of data to extract valuable information in real-time. For this, chains of classifiers which can detect various concepts need to be constructed in real-time. In this paper, we propose online distributed algorithms which can learn how to construct the optimal classifier chain in order to maximize the stream mining performance (i.e. mining accuracy minus cost) based on the dynamically-changing data characteristics. The proposed solution does not require the distributed local classifiers to exchange any information when learning at runtime. Moreover, our algorithm requires only limited feedback of the mining performance to enable the learning of the optimal classifier chain. We model the learning problem of the optimal classifier chain at run-time as a multi-player multi-armed bandit problem with limited feedback. To our best knowledge, this paper is the first that applies bandit techniques to stream mining problems. However, existing bandit algorithms are inefficient in the considered scenario due to the fact that each component classifier learns its optimal classification functions using only the aggregate overall reward without knowing its own individual reward and without exchanging information with other classifiers. We prove that the proposed algorithms achieve logarithmic learning regret uniformly over time and hence, they are order optimal. Therefore, the long-term time average performance loss tends to zero. We also design learning algorithms whose regret is linear in the number of classification functions. This is much smaller than the regret results which can be obtained using existing bandit algorithms that scale linearly in the number of classifier chains and exponentially in the number of classification functions.
Predictability of Breeding Efficiency in Dairy Cattle from their Previous Conception Rate and from their Heredity

Summary The breeding efficiency from artificial insemination over an eight-year period in the University of Nebraska dairy herd was analyzed. The summer and late summer months required more services per conception than did the months during the other seasons of the year. August was high with 2.24 services per conception and this is highly significant. Results indicated that it was not possible to predict from the breeding efficiency of the previous year the number of services required for subsequent conceptions. The services required for conception in virgin heifers did not give any indication as to the number of services required for the following conception, for the average number of services required per conception throughout the lifetime of the individual, and no indication as to the number of services required for the first conception in her daughters. An analysis of the breeding histories for the cows sold as sterile showed that their previous breeding records gave no indication that sterility would follow. Daughter-dam comparisons made for the average number of services required for all conceptions throughout the lifetime of the individual indicated that it is not possible to predict the breeding efficiency of daughters from the breeding records of their dams. However, when the services required per conception were tabulated by cow families, it was found that among twenty families there was one with very low fertility and two with extremely high fertility. Analysis of the breeding records for the daugh-ters of nineteen bulls revealed one with daughters that required a highly significant number of services per conception and another sire that very closely approached this level.
NEUROG3 Is a Critical Downstream Effector for STAT3-Regulated Differentiation of Mammalian Stem and Progenitor Spermatogonia

Spermatogenesis relies on coordinated differentiation of stem and progenitor spermatogonia, and the transcription factor STAT3 is essential for this process in mammals. Here we studied the THY1+ spermatogonial population in mouse testes, which contains spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) and non-stem cell progenitor spermatogonia, to further define the downstream mechanism regulating differentiation. Transcript abundance for the bHLH transcription factor Neurog3 was found to be significantly reduced upon transient inhibition of STAT3 signaling in these cells and exposure to GDNF, a key growth factor regulating self-renewal of SSCs, suppressed activation of STAT3 and in accordance Neurog3 gene expression. Moreover, STAT3 was found to bind the distal Neurog3 promoter/enhancer region in THY1+ spermatogonia and regulate transcription. Transient inhibition of Neurog3 expression in cultures of proliferating THY1+ spermatogonia increased stem cell content after several self-renewal cycles without effecting overall proliferation of the cells, indicating impaired differentiation of SSCs to produce progenitor spermatogonia. Furthermore, cultured THY1+ spermatogonia with induced deficiency of Neurog3 were found to be incapable of differentiation in vivo following transplantation into testes of recipient mice. Collectively, these results establish a mechanism by which activation of STAT3 regulates the expression of NEUROG3 to subsequently drive differentiation of SSC and progenitor spermatogonia in the mammalian germline.
Creating Online Content With Real World Application By Designing And Implementing Online Practicums For Virtual And Physical Environments

Universities need to assess student learning in order to determine if they are reaching the needs of the students, linking learning to course objectives, and determining if their courses have academic rigor. While many courses focus on the immediate course learning objectives, the use of final program projects and program assessments are becoming a key focus point for administrators, accreditors, instructors, and the business community. What do these final assessments tell them or not tell them? What are they searching for in order to satisfy their research and daily needs and questions? In particular, what key program assessments can be useful for these academics, as well as for the students who select to do certain elected assessments? The purpose of this paper is to focus on the use of online practicum, which serves an alternative to a master’s thesis or graduate comprehensive examination. While some students may elect to focus on their research skills or opt for the comprehensive examination, other online students tend to seek other means to have their skills assess and try another area of application. The third option for these graduate students is an online practicum, which is in a form of blended learning. The student chooses a particular industry to explore and work in, as well as creating a learning experience between him or her and a potential employer to apply their current content knowledge to a real world experience. This experience is in the form of a prescribed learning experience that is based on online learning, combined with the student’s current skills and content knowledge, and then applied to a real world environment for implementation of their newly created learning contract. This paper will examine the process from the creation of the learning contract to the implementation of the learning experience in this blended learning project. The key emphasis of this paper will be how the online instructor helps to facilitate the learning from a virtual platform, while the student moves into the next level of actual application of his or her skills in a physical working environment and will interact with the virtual instructor through a variety of learning medias as he or she works between these two types of environment towards achieving a set number of hours on the final learning experience, as well as preparing an academic-based, research paper to overview and evaluate the sum of the total learning gained from the practicum.
Base-2 Expansions for Linearizing Products of Functions of Discrete Variables

This paper presents an approach for representing functions of discrete variables, and their products, using logarithmic numbers of binary variables. Given a univariate function whose domain consists of n distinct values, it begins by employing a base-2 expansion to express the function in terms of the ceiling of log2n binary and n continuous variables, using linear restrictions to equate the functional values with the possible binary realizations. The representation of the product of such a function with a nonnegative variable is handled via an appropriate scaling of the linear restrictions. Products of m functions are treated in an inductive manner from i = 2 to m, where each step i uses such a scaling to express the product of function i and a nonnegative variable denoting a translated version of the product of functions 1 through i-1 as a newly defined variable. The resulting representations, both in terms of one function and many, are important for reformulating general discrete variables as binary, and also for linearizing mixed-integer generalized geometric and discrete nonlinear programs, where it is desired to economize on the number of binary variables. The approach provides insight into, improves upon, and subsumes related linearization methods for products of functions of discrete variables.
Blue-Watchdog: Detecting Bluetooth worm propagation in public areas

The rising popularity of mobile devices, such as cellular phones and PDAs, has made them a lucrative playground for mobile malware propagation. One common infection vector exploited by these mobile malware is Bluetooth. In this paper, we propose an architecture called Blue-Watchdog that detects Bluetooth worm propagation in public areas based on statistical methods. To achieve fast and accurate Bluetooth worm detection, Blue-Watchdog monitors abrupt changes of average paging rate per Bluetooth device from both temporal and temporal-spatial perspectives. The temporal scheme relies on the CUSUM (Cumulative Sum) sequential test together with the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR), and the temporal-spatial scheme aims to identify spatial regions with abnormally frequent paging attempts. Experimental results show that Blue-Watchdog not only has low false alarm rates, but also effectively detects Bluetooth worms that spread quickly in areas where Bluetooth devices are greatly mixed due to high mobility and also those that propagate relatively slowly in a spatially constrained fashion.
Steady state response, separation principle and the output regulation of nonlinear systems

Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the solution of a general nonlinear output regulation problem. The proof of this result illustrates the connection between the problem in question and appropriate nonlinear versions of the concept of steady-state response and of the separation principle. >
Estimation of left ventricular filling gradients using digital analysis of color Doppler M-mode velocities

The assessment of diastolic function currently requires the measurement of intracardiac pressures. Although characteristic pulsed Doppler velocity spectra have been described for a few cardiac diseases, it is only an indirect measure of diastolic function. Color Doppler M-mode measurements of blood passing from the atrium to the ventricle may allow one to investigate global (transmitral) and local (intraventricular) pressure gradients, associated with ventricular relaxation. In the study reported the authors investigate the feasibility and the accuracy of calculating transmitral filling gradients from color Doppler M-mode velocities. >
Inhibitors of cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterases enhance neurite outgrowth from cultured cortical neurons in a PKG dependent manner

Cyclic nucleotide signalling plays a key role in regulating neurite outgrowth in developmental and injury settings. The functional consequences of enhanced cyclic nucleotide signalling on processes that contribute to neurite outgrowth varies across neuronal cell type, age, cellular environment, and endpoints evaluated. We have evaluated the potential for neurite outgrowth in cultured embryonic cortical neurons in the presence and absence of selective inhibitors of many different phosphodiesterases. We observe differential enhanced outgrowth of several parameters of neurite outgrowth measured using the Array Scan automated image analysis platform. DT-2, a selective inhibitor of PKG, dose dependently inhibited neurite outgrowth in this culture system and precluded PDE inhibitor mediated potentiation of neurite outgrowth parameters, including the enhancements produced by the cAMP PDE4 inhibitor, rolipram. By contrast, a selective inhibitor of PKA, PKI had no effect on neurite outgrowth in this culture system. These studies suggest that embryonic cortical neurons are critically dependent on PKG activity for neurite outgrowth. The finding that inhibitors of a cAMP PDE can facilitate neurite outgrowth in a PKG dependent fashion suggests that cAMP mediated enhancement of outgrowth still requires a PKG dependent step to express the potentiating effects on neurite outgrowth. from 3rd International Conference on cGMP Generators, Effectors and Therapeutic Implications Dresden, Germany. 15–17 June 2007
Working together across the continent with video conferencing

The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) has four major locations distributed across the continental USA. The observatory has long used audio conferencing for its internal meetings and working groups, but we began using video conferencing in 2000 both to enhance the quality of human communication and to allow sharing of visual aids and graphical presentations during inter-site meetings. The video conferencing equipment operates over our existing frame-relay network connections so the only operations cost has been its coexistence with other internal network traffic. In order to provide the necessary Quality of Service (QoS), the video conferencing equipment was placed on individual Local Area Network (LAN) segments on the site routers. A video hub (multi-conferencing unit) has allowed routine four-way conferencing between the main NRAO sites. Conferences with domestic and international colleagues over the commodity Internet and via Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN) connections are also routinely supported. Using the existing equipment, we have also been successful in sharing auditorium presentations, such as workshops, tutorials, colloquia, and other special events to all major NRAO locations. The success and user acceptance has been such that we have recently expanded from four video installations to ten, allowing several simultaneous conferences.
Short communication: Glucagon-like peptide-2 and coccidiosis alter tight junction gene expression in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy calves1

Tight junction (TJ) proteins are integral factors involved in gut barrier function, and therapy with glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) enhances gut integrity. Our aim was to assess effects of GLP-2 treatment on mRNA expression of 8 TJ complex proteins in the intestine of dairy calves not infected or infected with Eimeria bovis at 11±3d of age. Mucosal epithelium from jejunum, ileum, and cecum was collected at slaughter from Holstein bull calves assigned to 4 groups: noninfected, buffer-treated (n=5); noninfected, GLP-2 treated (n=4); E. bovis-infected, buffer-treated (n=5); and E. bovis-infected, GLP-2-treated (n=4). Infected calves were orally dosed with 100,000 to 200,000 sporulated E. bovis oocysts on d 0; GLP-2-treated calves received 50 µg of GLP-2/kg of body weight subcutaneously twice daily for 10d beginning on d 18; and buffer-treated calves received an equal injection volume of 0.01 M Na bicarbonate buffer. All calves were killed on d 28. The mRNA expression of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CXADR), claudins 1, 2, and 4 (CLDN1, CLDN2, and CLDN4), F11 receptor (F11R), junction adhesion molecule 2 (JAM2), occludin (OCLN), and tight junction protein ZO-1 (TJP1) was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. In jejunum and ileum, an interaction of E. bovis infection and GLP-2 treatment on gene expression was noted. In jejunum of noninfected calves, GLP-2 increased CXADR, CLDN2, OCLN, and TJP1 mRNA expression but had no effect on mRNA expression in infected calves. Treatment with GLP-2 also increased tight junction protein ZO-1 protein expression in jejunum of noninfected calves as determined by immunohistochemistry. In ileum, E. bovis decreased expression of JAM2, OCLN, and TJP1 in buffer-treated calves, and GLP-2 increased TJP1 expression in infected calves. In cecum, E. bovis infection reduced expression of CXADR, CLDN4, F11R, and OCLN, and GLP-2 therapy increased expression of CLDN4, F11R, OCLN, and TJP1. Results are consistent with studies in nonruminants showing decreased expression of TJ complex proteins in the intestinal tract during pathogen-induced diarrhea and increased TJ protein expression in intestinal tissues in response to GLP-2 treatment. In conclusion, E. bovis reduces gene expression of TJ proteins primarily in cecum of calves 28d postinfection, and GLP-2 increases expression of selected TJ genes in intestinal tissues. Use of GLP-2 to improve gut barrier function in ruminants during pathogen-induced diarrhea warrants additional study.
The Nymphs of three Nemouridae Species (Plecoptera) from Oregon Temporary Headwater Streams

Abstract The nymphs of three nemourid stonefly species, Malenka bifurcata (Claassen), Ostrocerca dimicki (Frison) and Soyedina producta (Claassen), are described and illustrated from field correlated and reared specimens collected from Oregon summer-dry headwater streams from 1992-2007. Their characters affirm the nymphal diagnostic generic characters proposed by Stewart & Stark (2002). Variation in specific characters from the few described congeners is discussed; these traits may be useful in eventual construction of species-level keys.
A simple introduction to web services using Flickr: nifty assignment

Many programs use web services to store and access data. Such programs can take advantage of the fact that often web applications/sites provide developer APIs to programmatically access their services. While introductory Computer Science classes usually do not include web services as a central topic, giving a high level overview of them can provide an engaging, relevant, and familiar way of expanding on GUI design, networking, threading, parsing, and the like. This discussion will focus on building a simple client for retrieving public images from Flickr.
Room‐Temperature Quantum Transport Signatures in Graphene/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

High mobility graphene field-effect devices, fabricated on the complex-oxide heterostructure LaAlO3 /SrTiO3 , exhibit quantum interference signatures up to room temperature. The oxide material is believed to play a critical role in suppressing short-range and phonon contributions to scattering. The ability to maintain pseudospin coherence at room temperature holds promise for the realization of new classical and quantum information technologies.
Prediction of elbow joint contact mechanics in the multibody framework

Computational multibody musculoskeletal models of the elbow joint that are capable of simultaneous and accurate predictions of muscle and ligament forces, along with cartilage contact mechanics can be immensely useful in clinical practice. As a step towards producing a musculoskeletal model that includes the interaction between cartilage and muscle loading, the goal of this study was to develop subject-specific multibody models of the elbow joint with discretized humerus cartilage representation interacting with the radius and ulna cartilages through deformable contacts. The contact parameters for the compliant contact law were derived using simplified elastic foundation contact theory. The models were then validated by placing the model in a virtual mechanical tester for flexion-extension motion similar to a cadaver experiment, and the resulting kinematics were compared. Two cadaveric upper limbs were used in this study. The humeral heads were subjected to axial motion in a mechanical tester and the resulting kinematics from three bones were recorded for model validation. The maximum RMS error between the predicted and measured kinematics during the complete testing cycle was 2.7 mm medial-lateral translation and 9.7° varus-valgus rotation of radius relative to humerus (for elbow 2). After model validation, a lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) deficient condition was simulated and, contact pressures and kinematics were compared to the intact elbow model. A noticeable difference in kinematics, contact area, and contact pressure were observed for LUCL deficient condition. LUCL deficiency induced higher internal rotations for both the radius and ulna during flexion and an associated medial shift of the articular contact area.
Flow Dynamics of the Nasal Passage

The nasal passage is the natural conduit for directing air into the lungs during breathing at rest and is largely responsible for filtering, warming and humidifying the inspired air. Filtration is achieved primarily by the inertial impaction of airborne particles within the external nose and nasal cavities where the inspired air enters at high velocity and is diverted by abrupt changes in airway direction and geometry [1]. Warming and humidification are accomplished largely by convection, conduction and mass transport within channels formed by the turbinates of the nasal cavities (Figure 1). The large wall surface area and narrow width of these channels increase the transport efficiency [2].
Couplings for compactification

Abstract A general formula is obtained for Yukawa couplings in compactification on Landau-Ginzburg orbifolds and corresponding Calabi-Yau spaces. Up to the kinetic term normalizations, this equates the classical Koszul ring structure with the Landau-Ginzburg orbifold chiral ring structure and the true superconformal field theory ring structure.
Identification and Use of Fluorescent Dyes for Plant Cell Wall Imaging Using High-Throughput Screening

Plant cell walls define cell shape during development and are composed of interlaced carbohydrate and protein networks. Fluorescent dyes have long been used to label plant cell walls, enabling optical microscopy-based interrogation of cell wall structure and composition. However, the specific cell wall components to which these dyes bind are often poorly defined. The availability of fluorescent compound libraries provides the potential to screen for and identify new fluorescent compounds that interact with specific plant cell wall components, enabling the study of cell wall architecture in intact, living tissues. Here, we describe a technique for screening fluorescent compound libraries for enhanced fluorescence upon interaction with plant cell walls, a secondary screening method to identify which cell wall components interact with a given dye, and a protocol for staining and observing Arabidopsis seedlings using a fluorescent cell wall-labeling dye. These methods have the potential to be applied to screening for differences in cell wall structure and composition among genetically diverse plant varieties or species.
Cache organizations

The cache is a general buffer for addressable main memory. The incentives for using a cache are discussed along with the objectives of the cache designer. Three cache organizations; direct mapping, fully associative, and set associative are described using a single notation, and two caches are examined in detail. Interactions between the replacement algorithm and the degree of associativity are discussed as well as other possible approaches to cache design.
From Hot Springs to Gateway: The Evolving Concept of Public Parks, 1832–1976

As environmental concerns have grown in recent years, more scholars in the United States have turned their attention to the history of public parks. Most have focused on national parks and their creators, a smaller number on state and local parks.' In spite of this increased study, few students of parks have attempted to place them in a broad social context or to view them as a whole rather than as isolated entities. Parks have varied widely: the very term "park" has been used in a host of ways. Moreover, administrative policies have been present-minded and subject to the whims of individual administrators. Policies do not give a ready impression of consistency one with another. When one approaches America's parks collectively as the burgeoning literature on them now makes possible it is apparent that conceptions of them have shifted, not in some random way, but as intellectual and social currents have shifted. Hans Huth, Arthur Ekirch, Roderick Nash, Earl Pomeroy, and others have demonstrated that American attitudes toward the out-of-doors have changed over time.2 Ideas about parks have reflected these changes. The parks of one era differ sharply from those in another. Parks can serve as a barometer of changing attitudes and perceptions. The roots of public parks in the United States extend back to Massachusetts's Great Ponds Ordinance of 1641, to the creation of Boston common in 1634, and to precursors in Europe, but not until the nineteenth century did parks in the United States begin to take the forms familiar in recent years.3 Hot Springs National Park was a harbinger of these developments. In 1832, the same year in which George Catlin issued his call for a "nation's park" to save a portion of the primeval West, Congress set aside four sections of land in Arkansas for public use. The reserve, with its 47 thermal springs, was not officially called Hot Springs National Park until 1921 indeed, in spite of Catlin, the term park was not in common use in the United States until many years after the site was reserved. Congress's early action gives Hot Springs a claim to being the first national park, instead of Yellowstone or Yosemite, each of which has been accorded the honor. Still, Hot Springs is and was a very different sort of place from either of the other claimants or from most other national parks. Historians of the national parks have tended to dismiss Hot Springs or overlooked it altogether.4 From the reservation of Hot Springs in 1832 to the 1970s, when additions to the National Park system have included Golden Gate and Gateway National Urban Recreation Areas, there has been no universally accepted definition of what constitutes a national park. And what has been true of national parks has been even more true if one expands his view to include all public parks. Frederick Law Olmsted was among the first to recognize this absence of clear definition. In 1880, Olmsted designer of Central Park in New York and a pioneer in landscape architecture, has been called the father of the parks movement in the United States:
Pneumococcal Vertebral Osteomyelitis

Vertebral osteomyelitis is an unusual complication of pneumococcal infection. This report describes a patient who presented with back pain and lower extremity weakness after bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed destruction of the L-4-L-5 vertebral bodies and thecal sac compression, and Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from an aspirate of the disk space. We found only 10 other cases of pneumococcal vertebral osteomyelitis in a review of the literature. In these 11 cases the presentations were usually subacute, and the onset of back pain was insidious. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates were commonly noted. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were most helpful in delineating the extent of involvement in patients seen in the last decade. Successful treatment included surgery alone in 2 cases that occurred before the antibiotic era, surgery plus 6 weeks of antibiotic therapy in 1, and antibiotics alone for 4 weeks to 7 months in 5. Two patients seen in the preantibiotic era died.
The Politics of the Property Tax Debate

The author writes that the property tax exemption for charitable institutions is facing an unsettled political climate. Charities encounter difficulties because of this situation but also benefit from it, the author says.
An abstract architecture design for medical information exchange

Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems are being widely used by various healthcare providers due to the benefits these systems offer. As the exchange of medical information among different healthcare providers has become a point of interest, it poses serious integration, security, and privacy concerns. Previous work proposed to offer medical information exchange has been partially insecure, simple, and sometimes requires special hardware like smart cards. In this paper we present an abstract architecture design that allows on-demand reliable retrieval of medical information from remote providers regardless of geographic location, time difference or working hours. Also, it does not require any special hardware to operate.
Validation analysis of different mass transfer formula in single droplet evaporation model

Droplet evaporation is one of the important physical processes in liquid spray.Various models have been formulated in literature to compute the mass flow rate of droplet evaporation.It is found that all these models can be written in a single formulation,with various models represented by different expressions in the driving force HM,which can be classified into three kinds,namely,classical model,mass analogy model and drift-flux model.In this paper,we perform an analysis of the assumptions involved in the derivation of the three kinds of models,and find that the drift-flux model,which takes into account the effects of Stefan flow and corrective mass transfer,is the correct expression,while the classical model ignores Stefan flow effect and the mass analogy model ignores transient effect.Then the influence of mass driving force HM on droplet evaporation is analyzed,and it is concluded that both the classical model and the mass analogy model underestimate the effect of evaporation especially at high evaporate rates.
Analysis on selecting thermal insulation materials for heat distribution pipeline

As technology has been improving continuously,people gradually realize the importance of insulation materials.In the selection of materials,people attach great importance to its thermal insulation effect,which improves the technology requirements to heat distribution pipeline.This article sums up the selection rules to heat distribution pipeline from the comparison of several materials.
Divine Beauty: From Van Gogh to Chagall and Fontana & Si Fece Carne: L’Arte Contemporanea e il Sacro

Exhibitions at the Palazzo Strozzi and the Museo del Basilica di San Lorenzo, Florence, Italy, 9 September, 2015 - 24 January, 2016 and 9 October, 2015 - 9 January, 2016While it is always an excell...
Open charm hadron measurements at STAR

Abstract The interaction of the charm quark with the QCD medium created in heavy-ion collisions is sensitive to the medium properties. At the STAR experiment, charm quarks can be studied through open charm hadrons, such as D0 and D*±. We report various measurements of pT spectra of open charm mesons in p+p, Au+Au and U+U collisions and the nuclear modification factors (RAA) extracted from these results. The measured D meson pT spectrum in p+p collisions is consistent with FONLL calculations within uncertainties. In Au+Au and U+U collisions, a significant suppression at high pT and indication of enhancement at intermediate pT are observed for D0 production, which can be described by model calculations with strong charm-medium interaction and coalescence hadronization. In order to improve open heavy flavor measurements, a new Heavy Flavor Tracker (HFT) detector has been built and installed into STAR successfully before the RHIC year 2014 running. The signal significance of reconstructed D0 has been enhanced tremendously with the HFT.
Perceptions Toward Implementation of Microcomputers: a Study Of Public Radio Stations

The purpose of this paper is to measure perceptions regarding the degree of implementation of microcomputers within public radio stations. Four measures of implementation, representing two dimensions of the phenomena were utilized. A national sample of managers of public radio stations responded to a questionnaire concerning microcomputer implementation within their station. The results suggest that implementation is a complex phenomena that should be addressed from more than one perspective.
Hydrometeor classification system using dual-polarization radar measurements

Hydrometeor classification system using fuzzy logic technique based on dual-polarization radar measurements is presented. In this study, five radar measurements (horizontal reflectivity, differential reflectivity, specific differential phase, correlation coefficient, and linear depolarization ratio), and height relating to environmental melting level are used as input variables of the system. The hydrometeor classification system chooses one of nine different hydrometeor categories as output. The system presented in this paper is a further development of an existing hydrometeor classification system model developed at Colorado State University. The hydrometeor classification system is evaluated by comparison against the in situ sample data collected by instrumentation on T-28 aircraft during Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study (STEPS).
HP/HT Hot-Wet Thermomechanical Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced High-Temperature Polymer Composites

High-temperature polymers and polymer composites have been used extensively in aerospace structures and critical industrial applications, including those in oilfield operations, where high-temperature performance or certain environmental resistant capability is demanded. However, when moisture or a wet condition is associated with the high temperature, the polymers, polymer composites, and even some reinforcement fibers, behave very differently from their original dry state because of severe hygrothermal and/or hydrolytic degradation. In many cases of oilfield downhole operations, service tools are required to perform in a hot-wet environment at a temperature above 204 °C and a pressure above 70 MPa. This presents a significant challenge to the polymers and polymer composites in their applications. Understanding the high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) hot-wet thermomechanical behavior of the high-temperature polymers, reinforcement fibers and their composites is extremely important.
From Mahan excitons to Landau levels at high magnetic fields: 2DFT spectroscopy reveals hidden quantum correlations (Conference Presentation)

Two-dimensional electron gases have been the subject of research for decades. Modulation doped GaAs quantum wells in the absence of magnetic fields exhibit interesting many-body physics such as the Fermi edge singularity or Mahan exciton and can be regarded as a collective excitation of the system. Under high magnetic fields Landau levels form which have been studied using transport and optical measurements. Nonlinear coherent two-dimensional Fourier transform (2DFT) spectroscopy however provides new insights into these systems. We present the 2DFT spectra of Mahan Excitons associated with the heavy-hole and light-hole resonances observed in a modulation doped GaAs/AlGaAs single quantum well [1]. These resonances are observed to be strongly coupled through many-body interactions. The 2DFT spectra were measured using co-linear, cross-linear, and co-circular polarizations and reveal striking differences. Furthermore, 2DFT spectra at high magnetic fields performed at the National High Magnetic Field Lab (NHMFL) in Tallahassee, Florida will be discussed. The spectra exhibit new features and peculiar line shapes suggesting interesting underlying physics. [1] J. Paul, C. E. Stevens, C. Liu, P. Dey, C. McIntyre, V. Turkowski, J. L. Reno, D. J. Hilton, and D. Karaiskaj, Phys. Rev. Lett.116, 157401 (2016).
Thermochronometric and textural evidence for seismicity via asperity flash heating on exhumed hematite fault mirrors, Wasatch fault zone, UT, USA

NSF-EAR [1419828]; Utah State University Presidential Doctoral Research Fellowship; Tobacco Root Geological Society