cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A contribution to the mathematical biology of social behavior: Comparison of non-violent resistance and of riots by oppressed groups

A previous paper (Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics,30, 501–518, 1968) discussed the mathematical biosociology of riots by suppressed groups. In this paper the effect of non-violent disobedience as a method of prevention of oppression is discussed from a biosociological point of view. It is found that in general, other conditions being equal, a non-violent resistance is more effective than a violent riot. In a large number of cases however, depending on the choice of the biosociological parameter, the above conclusion may not hold. The actual outcome depends not only on the attitude of the oppressed group, but also on the attitude of the oppressor group. When the choice between several attitudes is allowed in both groups, the situation depends on 224 parameters. With certain choices of those, it is possible that only violent revolts will lead to abolition of oppression.
Rural sociology and social change

Charles P. Loomis and J. Allan Beegle., A Strategy for Rural Change. New York: Halsted Press, 1975. xv + 525 pp. Tables, figures, references, author and subject indices. $19.50.
Observations on the expected decrease in proprioceptive discharge and purported advent of non-proprioceptive activity from the chronically tenotomized muscle.

Abstract Uncertainties in present understanding of the net effect of chronic tenotomy on muscle sensory activity caused us to make comparisons of the multi-unit discharge from tenotomized medial gastrocnemius muscles in cats and rats. With the calf muscles fully relaxed, the dorsal root activity from the selectively denervated legs was less on the tenotomized side in 15 of 20 chronic cat preparations. In rats, activity recorded from the tenotomized muscle nerve was greater in a 2-week period following tenotomy, but not at later times. At intermediate degrees of stretch of the calf region induced by flexing the ankles activity levels from the tenotomized muscles were consistently less, whether the spindle receptors were passive or under fusimotor activation. However, with the muscles remaining as they had been throughout the chronic period, activity on the tenotomized side sometimes equalled or exceeded that developed contralaterally when flexion of the ankle approached its physiological limit. This observation was significant, since in the behaving animal, the ankle on the experimental side was often seen to be more sharply flexed than in the sound leg. Factors that might contribute to the specious appearance of increased activity in the peripheral nerve are discussed, and arguments adduced against the hypothesis that non-proprioceptive sensory endings are the source of increased discharge after tenotomy.
Using a theoretical multimedia taxonomy framework

Multimedia (MM) is a polysemous term, a term with many definitions, and in this case, many roots. In this paper, multimedia is defined as the seamless integration of two or more media. Each ancestor brings another requirement, muddying the field and making it difficult to work through. A multimedia taxonomy based on a previous media taxonomy is proposed to help organize the discipline. The taxonomy helps to classify the space called multimedia and to draw attention to difficult issues. The paper outlines the forms contributing to multimedia—text, sound, graphics, and motion—and aligns them with probable formats—elaboration, representation, and abstraction— and sets them within a context—audience, discipline, interactivity, quality, usefulness, and aesthetics. The contexts are more clearly defined in two areas: interactivity and the information basis for a discipline. Examples are presented describing the use of the taxonomy in the design and evaluation of student projects in a computer science-based multimedia course.
Monitoring CEOs: can insider-dominated boards do a good job?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the monitoring effectiveness of insider-dominated boards and outsider-dominated boards on different types of CEOs. Design/methodology/approach – To test whether boards monitor inside CEOs and outside CEOs differently and to compare the sizes of the effects across board types, the paper relates CEO resignations to performance measure. The paper tests the hypotheses using logit models to estimate the probability of a CEO change. Findings – It is widely believed that only an outsider-dominated board can provide effective management oversight. The paper finds evidence supporting this view after categorized CEOs based on their affiliation with their firms upon hire. However, the paper also documents that after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), an insider-dominated board is just as effective as an outsider board in monitoring if the CEO was initially hired from outside of the firm. This suggests that there is no difference between insider and outsider board ...
General Models, Descriptions, and Choice in Type Theory

In [4] Alonzo Church introduced an elegant and expressive formulation of type theory with λ-conversion. In [8] Henkin introduced the concept of a general model for this system, such that a sentence A is a theorem if and only if it is true in all general models. The crucial clause in Henkin's definition of a general model ℳ is that for each assignment φ of values in ℳ to variables and for each wff A, there must be an appropriate value of A in ℳ. Hintikka points out in [10, p. 3] that this constitutes a rather strong requirement concerning the structure of a general model. Henkin draws attention to the problem of constructing nonstandard models for the theory of types in [9, p. 324].We shall use a simple idea of combinatory logic to find a characterization of general models which does not directly refer to wffs, and which is easier to work with in certain contexts. This characterization can be applied, with appropriate minor and obvious modifications, to a variety of formulations of type theory with λ-conversion. We shall be concerned with a language ℒ with extensionality in which there is no description or selection operator, and in which (for convenience) the sole primitive logical constants are the equality symbols Qoαα for each type α.
Seismic Surveys Negatively Affect Humpback Whale Singing Activity off Northern Angola

Passive acoustic monitoring was used to document the presence of singing humpback whales off the coast of Northern Angola, and opportunistically test for the effect of seismic survey activity in the vicinity on the number of singing whales. Two Marine Autonomous Recording Units (MARUs) were deployed between March and December 2008 in the offshore environment. Song was first heard in mid June and continued through the remaining duration of the study. Seismic survey activity was heard regularly during two separate periods, consistently throughout July and intermittently in mid-October/November. Numbers of singers were counted during the first ten minutes of every hour for the period from 24 May to 1 December, and Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs) were used to assess the effect of survey day (seasonality), hour (diel variation), moon phase and received levels of seismic survey pulses (measured from a single pulse during each ten-minute sampled period) on singer number. Application of GAMMs indicated significant seasonal variation, which was the most pronounced effect when assessing the full dataset across the entire season (p<0.001); however seasonality almost entirely dropped out of top-ranked models when applied to a reduced dataset during the July period of seismic survey activity. Diel variation was significant in both the full and reduced datasets (from p<0.01 to p<0.05) and often included in the top-ranked models. The number of singers significantly decreased with increasing received level of seismic survey pulses (from p<0.01 to p<0.05); this explanatory variable was included among the top ranked models for one MARU in the full dataset and both MARUs in the reduced dataset. This suggests that the breeding display of humpback whales is disrupted by seismic survey activity, and thus merits further attention and study, and potentially conservation action in the case of sensitive breeding populations.
Optimization of CERES level 1 data products

The objective of the current research is to minimize the theoretical uncertainty of the CERES ERBE-like level 1 instantaneous filtered and unfiltered radiance data products. The instrument's measured digital counts are converted to a filtered radiance by means of instrument calibration coefficients. The filtered radiance is then converted to an unfiltered radiance with an algorithm that utilizes the instrument's spectral response function. Uncertainties in the calibration sources and the spectral response function of the instrument can negatively affect the quality of the final data products. To reduce this effect, we are seeking to increase our understanding of the relative impact that various instrument and calibration parameters have on the level-1 filtered and unfiltered data products. Results of a statistical study of data products sensitivity to various instrument and calibration parameters are presented. The sensitivity of the level-1 data products to the spectral response of the instrument when viewing non- Planck Earth scenes is also discussed.
Future Directions in Cardiocerebral Resuscitation

Outcomes from pediatric cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) seem to be incrementally improving. The past 2 decades have brought advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac arrest and ventricular fibrillation, better treatment strategies, and a more robust standard for CPR epidemiology and research reporting. The evolution of practice based on an improved understanding of the pathophysiology and timing, intensity, duration, and variability of the hypoxic-ischemic insult should lead to goal-directed therapy gated to the phase of cardiac arrest and the postarrest period encountered. By strategically focusing therapies to specific phases of cardiac arrest and resuscitation and to the evolving pathophysiology and by implementing evidence-based practice, there is great promise that critical care interventions can lead the way to more successful cardiopulmonary and cerebral resuscitation in children.
Tests of a high density polarized 3He target for electron scattering.

We have developed a polarized $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ target for polarized electron scattering measurements. The target has a $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ density of 1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{20}$ nuclei ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$, a total length of 7.5 cm and thin glass windows of 120--180 \ensuremath{\mu}m thickness. $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ polarization as large as 40% was produced, limited only by the available laser power. The $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ polarization was maintained during bombardment with up to 22 \ensuremath{\mu}A of 578 MeV electrons. A measurement of elastic scattering of polarized electrons from polarized $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ confirmed that the nuclei in the electron beam had the expected polarization. The polarization is produced by spin exchange with laser optically pumped Rb vapor, and the target design incorporates two separated volumes, one for optical pumping and the other for the electron bombardment. Extensions of this design are practical for fixed target electron scattering from polarized $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ planned for SLAC and CEBAF.
Management of Dementia-Related Behavioral Disturbances: A Nonpharmacologic Approach

Objective To describe practical nonpharmacologic approaches to dementia-related behavioral problems for enhancement of the function and care of elderly patients with dementia. Design We reviewed the pertinent medical literature and summarized strategies and available resources for management of geriatric patients with dementia and behavior problems. Results For optimal care of older patients with dementia, key concepts of related behavior problems must be understood. Agitation and aggression, resisting help with care, wandering, incontinence, sleep disturbance, and emotional lability can become difficult management issues with such patients. In some patients, these disruptions can lead to overmedication and nursing borne placement. Herein, practical nonpharmacologic measures for management of behavior problems that arise among community-dwelling and institutionalized elderly patients with dementia are discussed. Attention is directed to the medical, psychologic, environmental, and social factors that may contribute to unwanted behaviors. Conclusion Nonpharmacologic approaches can help ameliorate behavioral problems and assist in the overall care of elderly patients with dementia.
Comparison of area-averaged and local boiling curves in pool and jet impingement boiling

Abstract Characterization of local boiling trends, in addition to the typically reported area-averaged trends, is essential for the robust design and implementation of phase change technologies to sensitive heat transfer applications such as electronics cooling. This paper compares local and area-averaged boiling curves during a phase change process using non-intrusive quantitative infrared thermal visualization to highlight the importance of considering the former in design of phase change cooling systems. As an illustration, both pool and jet impingement boiling modes of heat transfer from a heated silicon surface are considered. A thin-film serpentine heater that allows for a circumferentially uniform but radially non-uniform heat flux distribution on the surface is chosen as the heat source in order to assess the effect of spatial variations in imposed boundary condition on the local and area-averaged boiling curves. Local convective heat fluxes are estimated from thermal maps using a control volume approach that accounts for axial conduction in the silicon substrate. Using the spatial information on surface temperatures and convective heat fluxes, local boiling curves are generated for different radial locations on the surface and compared with their corresponding area-averaged representations. As validation, it is shown that the net input electrical heat flux varies within 4–12% of the area-averaged results. Boiling curves averaged over regions of like imposed boundary condition are seen to provide a more realistic estimate of the local heat transfer conditions when compared with an area-averaged representation of the entire surface. Area-averaged thin-film sensor data are used to augment the heat transfer data by highlighting the differences in nucleation events on the surface in different regions.
State specific, angle velocity resolved measurements of photodissociation in clusters: I atom escape from (CH3I)n (n = 1,2,3)

Abstract The photodissociation of molecules in clusters affords the opportunity to study collisional relaxation of translational and rovibrational energy under solvent-like conditions. We have measured the angle velocity distribution of I( 2 P 3 2 ) and I( 2 P 1 2 ) from photodissociation of (CH3I)n clusters at 266 and 304 nm. For monomer (n = 1), the angular distributions are very anisotropic and the translational energy is sharply peaked at high energy. For clusters (predominantly n = 2,3), the dissociated I atom undergoes collisions, which substantially relax the translational energy and anisotropy. Three observations are reported: (1) A residual anisotropy exists in cluster photodissociation that increases with increasing translational energy. This observation is believed to reflect the correlation of anisotropy and energy loss due to the impact parameter and number of collisions of the photofragment in the cluster. Anisotropy versus kinetic energy plots maybe interpreted to give collisional relaxation rates in clusters. (2) The I atom 2 P 3 2 to 2 P 1 2 branching ratio increases significantly in clusters relative to the monomer. Possible explanations are discussed including increased adiabaticity through the curve-crossing region in dissociation due to cage effects in analogy with reported surface results. (3) TOF spectra were observed for I atoms originating from photodissociation of the cluster photoproduct 12. The recorded spectra are consistent with an 12 energy content that is much less than the initially excited (CH3I)n cluster.
T-bet binding to newly identified target gene promoters is cell type-independent but results in variable context-dependent functional effects.

Recently developed target gene identification strategies based upon the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay provide a powerful method to determine the localization of transcription factor binding within mammalian genomes. However, in many cases, it is unclear if the binding capacity of a transcription factor correlates with an obligate role in gene regulation in diverse contexts. It is therefore important to carefully examine the relationship between transcription factor binding and its ability to functionally regulate gene expression. T-bet is a T-box transcription factor expressed in several hematopoietic cell types. By utilizing a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay coupled to genomic microarray technology approach, we identified numerous promoters, including CXCR3, IL2Rβ, and CCL3, that are bound by T-bet in B cells. Most surprisingly, the ability of T-bet to associate with the target promoters is not dependent upon the cell type background. Several of the promoters appear to be functionally regulated by T-bet. However, we could not detect a functional consequence for T-bet association with many of the identified promoters in overexpression studies or an examination of wild type and T-bet-/- primary B, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells. Thus, there is a high variability in the functional consequences, if any, that result from the association of T-bet with individual target promoters.
Feeling the skin.

I read Dr Cox's lovely squib ‘Palpation of the skin—an important issue’ in December's JRSM1 (2006;99:598-600) with a sense of pride and wistfulness. I was fortunate to be trained at University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (Penn) in Philadelphia by doctors who emphasized always touching a patient—somehow and somewhere—when interviewing and/or examining them. This was reinforced later on by my teachers of dermatology at Penn, who included (mirabile dictu) Walter Shelley, Albert Kligman, James Leyden, M Samitz, and many others. The simple act of touching a patient reinforces the humanity of what is an unpleasant situation for a patient, and makes the all-important bond between patient and doctor very concrete and very immediate. It drives me crazy when I'm in the clinic at Penn or elsewhere and I have to repeatedly urge Derm Residents (who should know better) and the med students (who quickly do learn better under my lashings) to touch a patient, both for diagnostic information as well as for a personal communication of concern and empathy. I know of dermatologists who were trained never to even shake hands with a patient upon meeting the person, much less touch and palpate their skin. Such an attitude is foreign and unacceptable to me, and verges on (no, reaches) the repugnant and imbecilic! I cannot—and never will—understand why many doctors and dermatologists still believe that they are ‘going to catch something bad’ by touching a patient. If teaching them by means of Dr Cox's trenchant missive won't work, then perhaps a crack with a bat (baseball or cricket) might be in order.
Computer automation of an accelerator mass spectrometry system

Abstract The determination of trace impurities in electronic materials using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) requires efficient automation of the beam transport and mass discrimination hardware. The ability to choose between a variety of charge states, isotopes and injected molecules is necessary to provide survey capabilities similar to that available on conventional mass spectrometers. This paper will discuss automation hardware and software for flexible, high=sensitivity trace analysis of electronic materials, e.g. Si, GaAs and HgCdTe. Details regarding settling times will be presented, along with proof=of=prindple experimental data. Potential and present applications will also be discussed.
Imaging and Pharmacokinetics of 64Cu-DOTA-HB22.7 Administered by Intravenous, Intraperitoneal, or Subcutaneous Injection to Mice Bearing Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Xenografts

Purpose The aim of the study is to compare the tumor-specific targeting, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of 64Cu-DOTA-HB22.7 when administered to xenograft-bearing mice intravenously (IV), intraperitoneally (IP), and subcutaneously (SQ).
Experimental mycosis in immunosuppressed rabbits. I. Acute and chronic candidosis.

Chronic candidosis was established in rabbits by the injection I.V. of 2×106 cells of C. albicans. The rabbits were assayed every week for 14 weeks for the appearance of Candida antigen and anticandida antibodies in serum and other body fluids. Tests were carried out in double diffusion plates; antigen against hyperimmune rabbit sera and antibody against Candida cell sap antigen preparation. A sensitive specific passive hemagglutination procedure was also developed which used chromate treated cells. In rabbits with chronic candidosis not treated with cyclophosphamide antigen was detected in 4x concentrated serum between the fifth and sixth week. At about the same time antibodies were demonstrable and theafter antigen was no longer detected. Maximum antibody titer occurred between the eight to 10th week and disappeared thereafter. If cyclophosphamide 30 mg/kg was given at this point, anticandida antibodies reappeared in high titers, persisted for three to four weeks and then disappeared. At autopsy no evidence of candidosis was present. If rabbits were pretreated with cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg for one week before inoculation and given the drug weekly thereafter no antibody was detectable but antigen and antibody were present in body fluids (not serum) at post mortem.
Affine-invariant, elastic shape analysis of planar contours

We present a Riemannian framework for analyzing shapes of planar contours in which metrics and other analyses are invariant to affine transformations and re-parameterizations of contours. Current methods that are affine invariant are restricted to point sets and do not handle full curves, while methods that analyze parameterized curves are restricted to equivalence under similarity transformation (rigid motion and scale). We construct a pre-shape manifold of standardized curves — curves whose centroid is at the origin, are of unit length, and their x and y coordinates are uncorrelated — and develop a path-straightening technique for computing geodesics on this nonlinear manifold under the elastic Riemannian metric. The removal of the rotation and the re-parameterization groups results in a quotient space, termed affine elastic shape space, and the resulting geodesic paths exhibit an improved matching of features across curves. These geodesics are used for shape comparison, retrieval, and statistical modeling of given curves. Experimental results using both simulated and real data, and an application involving poseinvariant activity recognition, demonstrate the success of this framework.
Supermolecular building blocks (SBBs) for the design and synthesis of highly porous metal-organic frameworks.

Here, we report a novel approach for the bottom-up assembly of hierarchical building blocks: simple molecular building blocks (MBBs) and the resultant supermolecular building blocks (SBBs) to build highly coordinated nets. A specific network, the (3,24)-connected rht, was used as a blueprint to construct a metal-organic framework where the MBBs/SBBs augment the net.
Abstract 3537: Synergistic effect of a Hedgehog pathway inhibitor in combination with erlotinib on multiple carcinoma cell lines

The aberrant activation of Hedgehog(Hh)/Gli signaling has been implicated in a broad spectrum of malignant tumors. Targeted inhibition at the cell membrane of Hh pathway, for example with Smoothened(Smo) and Hh inhibitors, has shown promising preclinical and clinical anti-cancer activity. However, a growing body of evidence has revealed additional mechanisms in the activation of the Gli pathway that are independent of Hh/Smo regulation. These mechanisms are stimulated by the cross-talk between downstream components of the Hh/Smo and other oncogenic signaling pathways, such as the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pathway. Based on this, we hypothesized that the simultaneous inhibition of the EGFR pathway and Gli pathway would result in synergistic anti-tumor effects. To test this hypothesis, we used erlotinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in combination an Hh pathway inhibitor on various lung and mesothelioma cancer cell lines. It has been demonstrated that erlotinib and other TKIs are active in lung cancers with EGFR gene mutations, while not as effective in those with wild type EGFR. However in our studies, the application of the Hh pathway inhibitor sensitized EGFR wild type cells to erlotinib treatment with more than a 10-fold decrease of IC50 in multiple lung cell lines. In addition, the dual treatment resulted in promising synergism in both mesothelioma and lung cancer cell lines with a combination index of less than 0.7. To study the mechanism of crosstalk between the two pathways, we have examined the activities of EGFR, Hh and Wnt pathways in single and dual treatments. Based on our results, we believe that dual inhibition of Hh/Gli and EGFR pathways may be a promising targeted therapy for lung cancers and mesothelioma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3537. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3537
MORPHINE HYPERGLYCEMIA IN DOGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL PANCREATIC DEFICIENCY

The subcutaneous injection of 1 or 2 mg. of morphine sulfate per kilo subcutaneously in dogs with a pancreatic deficiency, whose sugar tolerance is still good, produces a rise in the glycemia about four times greater than the same amount of morphine calls forth in normal dogs. As dogs with a pancreatic deficiency due to coagulation or partial resection of the gland may legitimately be considered in a prediabetic state, the inference is warranted that the morphine test may be of value in detecting a weakened carbohydrate metabolism in the human subject. The test could easily and without danger be carried out with the micro methods now available for the quantitative determination of blood sugar. The experimental facts described in this paper give additional corroboration to the view that the response of a normal and of a pathologically altered organism to the same drug in the same dosage may be quantitatively very different.
Frameworks for Organizing Design Performance Metrics

Computational tools for aiding design-by-analogy have so far focused on function- and keyword-based retrieval of analogues. Given the critical role of performance and benchmarking in design, there is a need for performance metrics-driven analogy retrieval that is currently unmet. Towards meeting this need, a study has been done to investigate and propose frameworks for organizing the myriad technical performance metrics in engineering design, such as measures of efficiency. Such organizational frameworks are needed for the implementation of a computational tool which can retrieve relevant analogies using performance metrics. The study, which takes a deductive approach, defines a hierarchical taxonomy of performance metrics akin to the functional basis vocabulary of function and flow terms. Its derivation follows from bond graphs, control theory, and Design for X guidelines.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Transition from Heavy Fermion Metal to 16 K Superconductor in Single Crystal Yb x Lu (1-x) Ni 2 B 2 C:. Transport Studies

YbNi2B2C has been found to be a heavy fermion metal with neither superconductivity nor magnetic order in contrast to the other members of the borocarbide family. LuNi2B2C is a superconductor with Tc~ 16.3K and no magnetic order. Transport studies on single crystal YbxLu(1-x)Ni2B2C show a systematic change from a heavy fermion system to a moderately high-temperature superconductor. A "giant" thermopower is observed for small x to x=1, i.e., in the transition region from a Kondo alloy to a heavy fermion metal. Measurements of Hc2(T, x) are also reported for x<0.15.
Theory of resonant integer extraction from synchrotrons

Abstract Resonant slow extraction at an integer v value has been successfully implemented at the CERN proton synchrotron. The general theory underlying this method of particle extraction is presented. It is shown how the resonance is excited with sextupole magnets in combination with a single quadrupole magnet. The effect of the single quadrupole magnet in stabilizing the equilibrium orbit at an integer v value is discussed. Finally expressions for the extraction efficiency and the emittance of the extracted beam are obtained.
The development of peer interaction in infancy: Exploring the dyadic processes

Peer interaction is an important component of children's social repertoires that is associated with a variety of developmental outcomes and life skills. The present study provides an in-depth study of early dyadic peer behaviors during the infancy period, during which social competence with peers is first being developed. Results from variable-centered analyses highlight the effectiveness of behaviors, such as offering objects to peers, and point to the importance of the social context set by a peer's prior social behavior and processes for eliciting peer responses. Findings from person-centered analyses reveal marked individual differences in the processes through which infants are successful in eliciting responses from their peers, illustrating the presence of multiple pathways to achieving social competence with peers.
Phase I Trial of Neoadjuvant Conformal Radiotherapy Plus Sorafenib for Patients with Locally Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Extremity

Despite effective local therapy with surgery and radiotherapy (RT), ~50 % of patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma (STS) will relapse and die of disease. Since experimental data suggest a significant synergistic effect when antiangiogenic targeted therapies such as sorafenib are combined with RT, we chose to evaluate preoperative combined modality sorafenib and conformal RT in a phase I/II trial among patients with extremity STS amenable to treatment with curative intent. For the phase I trial, eight patients with intermediate- or high-grade STS >5 cm in maximal dimension or low-grade STS >8 cm in maximal dimension received concomitant sorafenib (dose escalation cohort 1:200 twice daily, cohort 2:200/400 daily) and preoperative RT (50 Gy in 25 fractions). Sorafenib was continued during the entire period of RT as tolerated. Surgical resection was completed 4–6 weeks following completion of neoadjuvant sorafenib/RT. Three sorafenib dose levels were planned. Primary endpoints of the phase I trial were maximal tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Eight patients were enrolled in the phase I (five females, median age 44 years, two high-grade pleomorphic, two myxoid/round cell liposarcoma, four other). Median tumor size was 16 cm (range 8–29), and all tumors were located in the lower extremity. Two of five patients treated at dose level 2 developed DLT consisting of grade 3 rash not tolerating drug reintroduction. Other grade 3 side effects included anemia, perirectal abscess, and supraventricular tachycardia. Radiation toxicity (grade 1 or 2 dermatitis; N = 8) and post-surgical complications (three grade 3 wound complications) were comparable to historical controls and other series of preoperative RT monotherapy. Complete pathologic reponse (≥95 % tumor necrosis) was observed in three patients (38 %). Neoadjuvant sorafenib in combination with RT is tolerable and appears to demonstrate activity in locally advanced extremity STS. Further study to determine efficacy at dose level 1 is warranted. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00805727).
Online Boosting-Based Object Tracking

Object tracking has been studied for years. The tasks of tracking (retrieving the object to be tracked) is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we present a novel and robust framework for automatic visual object tracking from image sequences or video. The main contribution is a new on-line boosting framework for efficient object tracking from image sequences. Boosting with interactive on-line training allows the object tracker to be trained and improve efficiently. The supervised classifiers are carefull trained on-line in order to increase adaptivity while limiting accumulation of error, i.e. drifting. a framework to solve the drifting and losing of tracking object during tracking. The main idea is to incorporate decision of given by a prior learned strong detector and an on-line adaptation tracking mechanism. The strong detector allows handling complex objects in even complicated environment. The cooperating framework exploits the power of a strong detector and a robust tracker allows to deal with drifting and losing effectively. In the experiments, we demontrate real-time tracking on several challenging sequences, including multi-object tracking of other objects. We outperform other on-line tracking methods especially in case of occlusions and presence of similar objects.
Laparoscopically Assisted Penile Revascularization for Vasculogenic Impotence

AbstractYoung patients with impotence and cavernous arterial insufficiency resulting from trauma-induced arterial occlusive disease are ideal candidates for microvascular arterial bypass surgery. To avoid the long abdominal incision required to harvest the inferior epigastric artery, a laparoscopic approach was used. We report a case of laparoscopically assisted penile revascularization for vasculogenic impotence.
Modeling fatigue small-crack growth with confidence - A multistage approach

Measurement of fatigue small-crack growth on the surface of smooth or notch specimens has evolved into a mature experimental technique. However, post data processing and model correlation for fatigue small-crack growth has not progressed in a parallel manner to the measurement technique. A new physics-based, mathematically precise fatigue small-crack growth modeling method is proposed for the specifics of surface small-crack growth in heterogeneous metals and rigorous statistical analysis. A multistage fatigue modeling philosophy was implemented and the fatigue damage incubation, small-crack growth, and long-crack growth regimes were identified. The uncertainty in measurement errors and the effects of random variation of microstructural features on the small-crack growth were explored using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The reliability of life prediction is directly correlated to the uncertainty-sources of measurements and the random nature of material microstructures through uncertainty propagation in the model correlation process. Fatigue damage incubation life is proven to be an essential quantity, both mathematically and physically, and it is introduced into the modeling process when correlating multiple experiments under the same loading condition. The proposed model is demonstrated using fatigue surface crack growth measurements of a dual-phase Ti-alloy.
Mapping complex vent eruptive activity at Santiaguito, Guatemala using network infrasound semblance

Pyroclastic-laden explosive eruptions from Santiaguito Volcano (Guatemala) are vented from the 200-m diameter Caliente Dome summit and result in a superposition of spatially extensive and temporally sustained (tens of seconds to minutes) acoustic sources. A network of infrasonic microphones distributed on various sides of the volcano record distinct waveforms, which are poorly correlated across the network and suggestive of acoustic interference from multiple sources. Presuming the infrasound wavefield is a linear superposition of spatially and temporally distinct sub-events, we introduce a semblance mapping technique to recover the time history of the spatially evolving sources during successive time windows. Coincident high-resolution video footage corroborates that both rapid dome uplift and individual explosive pulses are likely sources of high semblance infrasound that are identifiable during short (2 s) time windows. This study suggests that complex and network-variable infrasound waveforms are produced whenever a volcanic vent source dimension is large compared to the wavelength of the sound being produced. Non-compact infrasound radiators are probably commonplace at silicic volcanic systems, where venting often occurs across a dome surface.
Origin of the Diverse Melting Behaviors of Intermediate-Size Nanoclusters: Theoretical Study of AlN (N = 51−58, 64)

Microscopic understanding of thermal behaviors of metal nanoparticles is important for nanoscale catalysis and thermal energy storage applications. However, it is a challenge to obtain a structural...
A histomorphological comparison of the urinary systems in the serranid fishes,Roccus sexatilis andRoccus americanus

The urinary systems of the striped bass,Roccus saxatilis (N=13), and white perch,R. americanus (N=12), were studied to determine if they supported the monogeneric classification and to examine the osmoregulatory structure that may enable the species to survive in environments of different salinities.
Classical conditioning, sensitization and habituation in the spinal cat.

Abstract Changes in the flexion reflex of the tibialis anterior muscle of acute spinal cats were examined during conditioning, sensitization and habituation paradigms. Experimental animals were classically conditioned by pairing electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve (CS) with stimulation of the superficial peroneal nerve (US). Recordings from these nerves assured known and constant stimulus inputs. The response observed was an increase in the magnitude of the reflex response to the CS over training. Habituation (CS only) and sensitization (CS and US presentations, unpaired) control animals exhibited no such reflex facilitation. The results of post-tetanic potentiation studies indicated that the intertrial intervals used were not a factor in the differences observed between experimental and control groups. The results give positive support to the concept of spinal conditioning and emphasize the potential of this model system for the study of neural correlates of learning.
Collaborative marketing at the NWCA National Duals

During the past 25 years in the USA, men's wrestling has suffered more programme eliminations than any other National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sport team (NCAA, 2006b). With this being the case, the National Wrestling Coaches Association (NWCA) and college wrestling programmes must focus on developing a wrestling product that caters towards consumer preferences as they move forward with their marketing initiatives. The purpose of the research was to examine the motivational preferences of consumers (N = 238) at the NWCA National Duals to develop marketing strategies to build interest in the dual meet aspect of college wrestling. The results demonstrated that consumers were most attracted by the following motivational preferences: team match-ups, wrestling loyalist, and achievement. Further, the data supported the notion that a participant's gender had an influence on their reason for attending the event.
A new approach for the study of lung smooth muscle phenotypes and its application in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation

Phenotypes of lung smooth muscle cells in health and disease are poorly characterized. This is due, in part, to a lack of methodologies that allow for the independent and direct isolation of bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the lung. In this paper, we describe the development of a bi-fluorescent mouse that permits purification of these two cell populations by cell sorting. By subjecting this mouse to an acute allergen based-model of airway inflammation that exhibits many features of asthma, we utilized this tool to characterize the phenotype of so-called asthmatic BSMCs. First, we examined the biophysical properties of single BSMCs from allergen sensitized mice and found increases in basal tone and cell size that were sustained ex vivo. We then generated for the first time, a comprehensive characterization of the global gene expression changes in BSMCs isolated from the bi-fluorescent mice with allergic airway inflammation. Using statistical methods and pathway analysis, we identified a number of differentially expressed mRNAs in BSMCs from allergen sensitized mice that code for key candidate proteins underlying changes in matrix formation, contractility, and immune responses. Ultimately, this tool will provide direction and guidance for the logical development of new markers and approaches for studying human lung smooth muscle.
Radiosensitization of melanoma cells through combined inhibition of protein regulators of cell survival

The incidence of melanoma continues to dramatically increase in most Western countries with predominantly Caucasian populations. However, only limited therapies for the metastatic stage of the disease are currently available. The main purpose of this study is to determine approaches that can substantially increase radiosensitivity of melanoma cells. The PI3K-AKT, NF-kappaB and COX-2 pathways, which are involved in the radioprotective response, are highly active in melanoma cells. Pharmacological suppression of COX-2 and PI3K-AKT, or RNAi-mediated knockdown of COX-2, substantially increased levels of G2/M arrest of the cell cycle and decreased clonogenic survival of gamma-irradiated melanomas, predominantly via a necrotic mechanism. On the other hand, resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin, selectively targets numerous cell signaling pathways, decreasing clonogenic survival primarily via an apoptotic mechanism. In melanoma cells, resveratrol inhibits STAT3 and NF-kappaB-dependent transcription, culminating in suppression of cFLIP and Bcl-xL expression, while activating the MAPK- and the ATM-Chk2-p53 pathways. Resveratrol also upregulates TRAIL promoter activity and induces TRAIL surface expression in some melanoma cell lines, resulting in a rapid development of apoptosis. Sequential treatment of melanoma cells, first with gamma-irradiation to upregulate TRAIL-R surface expression, and then with resveratrol to suppress antiapoptotic proteins cFLIP and Bcl-xL and induce TRAIL surface expression, had dramatic effects on upregulation of apoptosis in some melanoma lines, including SW1 and WM35. However, for melanoma lines exhibiting suppressed translocation of TRAIL to the cell surface, a necrotic mechanism of cell death was primarily involved in radiation response. Hence, surface expression of TRAIL induced by resveratrol appears to be a decisive event, one which determines an apoptotic versus a necrotic response of melanoma cells to sequential treatment.
Organizational Dissent as a Function of Organizational Justice

This study examined the relationships between perceptions of organizational justice and enacting organizational dissent. Participants were 107 full-time employees working in various organizations. Results indicated that employee perceptions of distributive and interpersonal justice negatively predicted latent dissent, while perceptions of informational justice positively predicted latent dissent. Perceptions of interpersonal justice were the strongest predictor of latent dissent. Perceptions of justice were not related to articulated or displaced dissent. Future research should continue to explore triggering agents of dissent in organizations.
Efficient query monitoring using adaptive multiple key hashing

Monitoring continual queries or subscriptions is to determine the subset of all queries or subscriptions whose predicates match a given event. Predicates contain not only equality but also non-equality clauses. Event matching is usually accomplished by first identifying a "small" candidate set of subscriptions for an event and then determining the matched subscriptions from the candidate set. Prior work has focused on using equality clauses to identify the candidate set. However, we found that completely ignoring non-equality clauses can result in a much larger candidate set. In this paper, we present and evaluate an adaptive multiple key hashing (AMKH) method to judiciously include an effective subset of non-equality clauses in candidate set identification. Each subscription is mapped to a data point in a multidimensional space based on its predicate clauses. AMKH is then used to maintain subscriptions and perform event matching. AMKH further provides a controlling mechanism to limit the hash range of a non-equality clause, hence reducing the size of the candidate set. Simulations are conducted to study the performance of AMKH. The results show that (1) a small number of non-equality clauses can be effectively included by AMKH and (2) the attributes whose overall non-equality predicate clauses are most selective should be chosen for inclusion by AMKH.
Back to Basics: The Role of Health Insurance in Getting a Physical Exam

The social work profession has a long history of advocacy to improve the human condition, especially for groups of people at high risk of discrimination and marginalization. Social workers have been instrumental in identifying, assessing, treating, and preventing illicit drug use as part of this commitment to advocacy. One component of social work's endeavors on behalf of drug users and other populations- at-risk has been advocating for increased access to health care. This article examines the role that having health insurance plays in obtaining the most basic of all health care-getting a physical examination. Featuring a sample of 1,271 chronic and injecting street drug users and comparison group non-users, the analysis demonstrates that having health insurance enhances access and utilization of health care among this at-risk population. Subjects who had health insurance for even one month of the past twelve were twice as likely to participate in basic health care by having a physical exam.
Experimental manipulations of perspective taking and perspective switching in expressive writing

Previous studies suggest that those who naturally vary their pronoun use over the course of expressive writing subsequently report the greatest improvements in physical and mental health. To explore possible perspective taking or perspective switching effects, two studies manipulated writing perspectives about emotional events from either a first-person, second-person, or third-person perspective. In Study 1, 55 students were randomly assigned to one of the three writing perspectives and were asked to write from the same perspective for three 5-minute writing sessions. In Study 2, 129 students wrote for three 5-minute sessions, one from each perspective in a counterbalanced order. The results showed that writing from a first-person perspective conferred more perceived benefits and was associated with using more cognitive mechanism words, whether engaged in perspective taking or perspective switching.