cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE CARPEL IN THE ROSACEAE. VIII. SPIRAEOIDEAE: HOLODISCEAE, NEILLIEAE, SPIRAEEAE, ULMARIEAE

A B S T R A C T The carpels of the Holodisceae, Neillieae, Spiraeeae, and Ulmarieae are usually separate from one another; most have open sutures, and their ovules tend to be monotegmic. The ovules are epitropic in Holodisceae, Spiraeeae, and Ulmarieae; they may be pleurotropic, apotropic, or epitropic in the Neillieae. In many species the carpels are partly fused with the floral cup. Only in Luetkea and some species of Spiraea and Stephanandra are the ovular and wing bundles separate at the base of the locule; in the other species ventral bundles persist above that level before dividing. In species with open sutures, the ovules are mostly bitegmic, and the ovular bundles tend to be separate from the wing bundles at the insertion level. An evolutionary trend towards fusion of the two ventral bundles with each other and with the dorsal bundle is shown. In Filipendula the dorsal bundle may be absent. A possible relationship between the Spiraeoideae and the Pomoideae is discussed. THE FEATURES of carpels in presumably primi
Regional correlation of extension directions in Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes

Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes exhibit Tertiary extensional deformation, expressed either as detachment faults or detachment faults plus ductile mylonitic shear zones. Extension directions, as indicated by stretching lineations within mylonite and striations along detachment faults, fall into regional groups in which the directions are similar in trend throughout each group. Asymmetric fabrics on both small and large scale give a sense of shear and indicate that tectonic vergence within groups is directed outward from a central axis. The regional consistency of extension directions implies a regional control of extension in metamorphic core complexes.
Interventions for LGBTQ Youth Suicide: A Review of Two Books

Despite trends in society toward more inclusive and affirming environments for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) persons, youth who identify as LGBTQ remain a vulnerable population. This paper reviews two recent books that address intervention in the lives of LGBTQ youth for the purpose of decreasing vulnerabilities to risk factors that contribute to unwanted mental health outcomes such as suicide, and increasing youth resiliency in the face of those vulnerabilities: Queer Youth Suicide, Culture, and Identity: Unliveable Lives? by Rob Cover (2012), and Safe Spaces: Making Schools and Communities Welcoming to LGBT Youth by Annemarie Vaccaro, Gerri August, and Megan S. Kennedy (2012). This review begins by providing a description of the content and style of each book, then moves into comparing and contrasting the books’ strengths and weaknesses and their respective approaches to addressing interventions with LGBTQ youth. The review concludes with implications for an audience...
Protamine: a powerful in vivo inhibitor of bone resorption.

Protamine is shown to be a powerful disrupter of calcium homeostasis, acutely inducing a severe hypocalcemia in both rabbits and rats. The magnitude of its effect correlates with bone turnover. Protamine does not significantly alter the renal excretion of calcium, and is effective whether or not there is calcium present in the gut. Protamine causes a significant fall in the specific activity of45Ca in the blood in animals whose bone has been prelabeled with45Ca. These data suggest that protamine induces hypocalcemia by blocking calcium efflux from bone. Further work seems indicated to define the biochemical mechanism of this action.
Beam deflection measurement of time and polarization resolved ultrafast nonlinear refraction

We modify the well-known photothermal beam deflection technique to study ultrafast nonlinearities. Using phase-sensitive detection we directly measure the temporal and polarization dynamics of nonlinear refraction (NLR) with sensitivity to optically induced phase changes of approximately λ/20,000. We use the relative polarization dependence of excitation and probe to separate the isotropic and reorientational components of the NLR.
Replication as a Rule for Determining the Number of Clusters in Hierarchial Cluster Analysis

A single higher-order cluster analysis can be used to group cluster mean profiles derived from several preliminary analyses. Replication is confirmed when each higher-order cluster contains one clu...
Feasibility of using thrombin generation assay (TGA) for monitoring of haemostasis during supplementation therapy in haemophilic patients without inhibitors

Monitoring factor replacement treatment and observing concordance with clinical haemostasis is crucial in vital haemorrhages and major surgeries in haemophilic patients. We aimed to investigate the value of the thrombin generation assay (TGA) and thromboelastography (TEG) for monitoring haemostasis in haemophilic patients during factor replacement treatment. The study group consisted of 29 patients (21 haemophilia A, 8 haemophilia B). All the patients FVIII-inhibitor were negative. A total of 35 bleeding episodes and/or surgical interventions were evaluated. aPTT, FVIII/FIX activity, TEG and TGA tests were conducted before and after factor therapy during the bleeding episode or surgical prophylaxis of haemophilic patients. Correlations among these tests were evaluated and compared with clinical responses. No correlation was found among aPTT, factor activities and clinical outcome. There were also no correlation found between TEG parameters and clinical outcome. The only significant correlation found between TGA parameters and clinical outcome was the correlation between peak thrombin. In conclusion, we found superiority of TGA-peak thrombin over other traditional tests for monitoring haemostasis in haemophilic patients in this study.
Dinuclear Platinum Complexes Form a Novel Intrastrand Adduct with d(GpG), an anti−syn Conformation of the Macrochelate As Observed by NMR and Molecular Modeling

Dinuclear platinum complexes form a unique array of DNA adducts including (Pt,Pt) interstrand and (Pt,Pt) intrastrand cross-links. A (Pt,Pt) intrastrand adduct between two adjacent guanines is the structural analog of the major adduct formed by cis-DDP. In this study, we examined the kinetics of formation and structure of the (Pt,Pt) intrastrand adduct by following the interaction of [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}2{μ-H2N(CH2)nNH2}]2+ (1,1/t,t, n = 2−6) with d(GpG) using NMR spectroscopy and by molecular modeling. Initial coordination, to either the 5‘-G or the 3‘-G, is relatively fast compared to the second binding step, ring closure to the macrochelate adduct (i.e., [1,1/t,t]−d(GpG)−N7(1),N7(2)). The rate of ring closure depends on the chain length of the diamine linker. Complexes linked by a longer diamine chain (n = 4−6) react faster and produce a higher yield of macrochelate compared to the shorter n = 2, 3 diamine linkers. The structure of the (Pt,Pt) intrastrand adduct is significantly different from the cis-D...
Role of DNA transcription in the initiation of Escherichia coli sex factor (F) DNA replication.

Abstract The bacterium Escherichia coli , which behaves genetically as a male (or donor), harbors an extrachromosomal DNA molecule, the F sex factor. The in vivo ability of F DNA to replicate in the presence of nucleic acid transcriptional and translational inhibitors was examined. Sex factor DNA can initiate and replicate for 1.5 hours in the presence of the messenger RNA translation inhibitor, chloramphenicol, that is, in the absence of protein synthesis. The amount of replication, determined for the covalently closed form of F DNA under this condition, is about a two fold increase. When chloramphenicol and the DNA transcriptional inhibitor, rifampicin, are both present, the extent of F DNA replication is about one-half that observed in the presence of chloramphenicol. In contrast, chromosomal DNA replicates to the same extent in the presence of chloramphenicol alone or combined with rifampicin. It appears that initiation of F DNA replication has a requirement for the synthesis of an RNA molecule that is not translated into protein and that is stable for at least 15 minutes.
Physical aging behavior of miscible blends containing atactic polystyrene and poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)

The influence of blend composition on physical aging behavior was assessed for miscible blends of atactic polystyrene (a-PS) and poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO). At aging temperatures of 15 and 30°C below the midpoint glass transition temperature (Tg), the a-PS/PPO blends exhibited volume relaxation rates that were retarded compared to additivity based upon the aging rates for pure a-PS and PPO. This negative deviation diminished with increased undercooling, and eventually the volume relaxation rates displayed a nearly linear trend with respect to composition at the greatest undercooling of 60°C that was employed. The compositional nature of unaged glassy density and secondary relaxation intensity, both influenced by the presence of specific attractive interactions in the blend system, were likely causes for the variation of volume relaxation rate with composition and undercooling. For aging at 30°C below Tg, the dependence of enthalpy relaxation rate on composition was similar to that observed for volume relaxation. Mechanical aging rates determined from time–aging time superposition of creep compliance data showed significantly less than additive behavior for the blends aged at Tg−30°C, but unlike the volume relaxation results, this trend persisted at the 60°C undercooling.
Robot applied stance loading increases hindlimb muscle mass and stepping kinetics in a rat model of spinal cord injury

Following spinal cord injury (SCI) reduced limb usage typically results in muscle atrophy. While robotic locomotor training has been shown to improve several aspects of stepping ability following SCI, little is known regarding the effects of automated training on the preservation of muscle function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two robotic locomotor training algorithms on hindlimb strength and muscle mass in a rat model of SCI. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats received a mid-thoracic spinal cord transection at 5 days of age, and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control (no training), standard robotic training, and robotic training with a downward force applied to the shank during the stance phase of gait. Training occurred 5 days/week for 5 min/day, and animals received 90% body weight support for all sessions. Following 4 weeks of training, vertical and propulsive ground reaction force during stepping and en vitro mass of two plantarflexor muscles were significantly increased for all of the trained animals when compared to the untrained control group. Post hoc analysis revealed that standard robotic training did not appear to increase ground reaction force and muscle mass to the same extent as the loaded condition. These results indicate that automated robotic training helps to preserve hindlimb muscle function in rats following SCI. Further, the addition of a plantarflexion stance load appears to promote greater increases in muscle mass and stepping kinetics.
A FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM METHOD FOR RAPID COMPUTATION OF GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO ARBITRARY BODIES

The spectrum of a magnetic or a gravity anomaly due to a body of a given shape with either homogeneous magnetization or uniform density distribution can be expressed as a product of the Fourier transforms of the source geometry and the Green's function. The transform of the source geometry for any irregularly-shaped body can be accurately determined by representing the body as closely as possible by a number of prismatic bodies. The Green's function is not dependent upon the source geometry. So the analytical expression for its transform remains the same for all causative bodies. It is, therefore, not difficult to obtain the spectrum of an anomaly by multiplying the transform of the source geometry by that of the Green's function. Then the inverse of this spectrum, which yields the anomaly in the space domain, is calculated by using the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm. Many examples show the reliability and accuracy of the method for calculating potential field anomalies.
Evaluation of an online faculty appraisal instrument: Comparison of resident and faculty perceptions1

Rationale and objectives Our purpose was to compare faculty and resident perceptions regarding an online faculty appraisal instrument and the potential impact of the appraisal process. Materials and methods Faculty members and residents at an academic medical center diagnostic radiology department were asked to complete anonymous surveys that sought feedback regarding an online faculty appraisal form and process. Questions were asked regarding the relative importance of various faculty performance measures, preferences for narrative versus quantitative components of the instrument, and the likely impact of the evaluation process on future faculty behavior. Results The survey was completed by 19 (45%) of 42 faculty members and by 16 (80%) of 20 residents who participated in the initial faculty appraisal process. Residents and faculty both assigned generally high rankings to the six measures of faculty performance. The vast majority (86 %) of faculty and residents found the narrative component of the survey (either alone or in combination with quantitative data) most helpful. Based on the appraisal process, 74% of the faculty planned to modify one or two aspects of their behavior, whereas a significant minority (44%) of residents thought that the faculty would not make any changes. Conclusion Faculty and residents generally agree on a core set of faculty performance measures, and both groups show a preference for an appraisal instrument that incorporates a narrative component. Concerning the perceived impact of the appraisal process, faculty members were slightly more optimistic than residents regarding its ability to serve as an impetus for faculty behavioral changes.
The symbolic meaning of pay contingencies

Abstract Forms of employee compensation provide varying amounts of money based upon different work-pay contingencies. Amount of pay and the contingency relationship both presumably affect directly the valence and expectancy components of motivation. Pay earned under different contingency relationships also may be attributed with different symbolic meanings and thus indirectly affect motivation. Symbolic meanings of pay, particularly pay based on different contingeney relationships, were investigated in a study of employees working in different pay contingency settings.
Review of epidemiologic studies of aluminium and neurological disorders.

The epidemiological study of neurological disorders is just beginning and should he continued because of the potential public health impact of these diseases on society. The most important contribution of epidemiological research is the identification of risk factors, and specific disease entities, such as Alzheimer's disease, should be studied. Ecological analysis of geographical data have associated a small increase in mortality from Alzheimer's disease and dementia with the aluminium content of drinking water. These results must necessarily be interpreted with caution because serious errors may result from inferences based on ecological analysis,e.g. “the ecologic fallacy”. Potential risk factors for Alzheimer's disease have been studied in case-comparison epidemiology studies conducted in Italy, Massachusetts, Colorado, Minnesota and North Carolina, but only two studies have considered aluminium exposure, through the use of antacids. Although no increased risk was found to be associated with aluminium exposure, only a small number of individuals in the studies reported antacid use, and the studies had an extremely limited statistical power to detect an association. Additional analytical epidemiology studies, either cohort or case-comparison, are required to better describe the possible relationship between aluminium and Alzheimer's disease. These studies should be designed according to well-established epidemiological principles, be conducted with no selection bias and minimum observation bias, consider potential confounding and modifying factors, and have sufficient statistical power to enable detection of low relative risks.
Racial attitudes and opinions about capital punishment: Preliminary findings

Studies have persistently shown that support for the death penalty is higher among whites than among blacks. According to 1994 data from the General Social Survey, about 83 percent of whites compared to 57 percent of blacks favor the death penalty. This paper focuses on the sources of whites’ support for the death penalty. It investigates whether white support for the death penalty is influenced by racial attitudes toward blacks and perceptions associated with poor and economically disadvantaged groups. Data were used from the General Social Survey from 1974 to 1994. The findings show that support for the death penalty among whites is influenced, in part, by racial attitudes and perceptions associated with blacks. In addition, it was found that attitudes toward subordinate status groups and perceptions about the role of government in ameliorating the social and economic conditions of disadvantaged groups are significantly related to opinions about the death penalty.
276 IMPAIRED NEONATAL PARATHYROID FUNCTION AND MATERNAL HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

Hypocalcemia (serum Ca 6.5 mg/100 ml) and hyperphosphatemia (serum P 9.5 mg/100 ml) were observed in a 10-day-old female infant with increased neuromuscular irritability. Hypocalcemia persisted until the sixth week of life and was resistant to conventional therapy. During this period the serum P remained elevated and the serum Mg was low normal to mildly depressed. In the presence of hypocalcemia, circulating immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels in the neonate were inappropriately low. In contrast to the newborn infant, the asymptomatic mother was hypercalcemic (serum Ca 11.7-12.3 mg/100 ml), hypophosphatemic (serum P 1.5-2.1 mg/100 ml) and had consistently elevated circulating iPTH levels. Subsequently, an adenoma was removed from the left superior parathyroid gland of the mother and her serum Ca and iPTH levels returned to normal. This study indicates that parathyroid function was depressed in a hypocalcemic infant born of an asymptomatic hyperparathyroid mother. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that in maternal hyperparathyroidism an increase in maternal circulating Ca and/or parathyroid hormone facilitates Ca transport across the placenta, leading to fetal hypercalcemia which, in turn, suppresses parathyroid activity in the fetus and neonate and thereby promotes the development of hypocalcemia in the newborn period.
Contextual effects in vowel perception I: anchor-induced contrast effects.

Results from recent experiments using a selective adaption paradigm with vowels have been interpreted as the result of the fatigue of a set of feature detectors. These results could also be interpreted, however, as resulting from changes in auditory memory (auditory contrast) or changing response criteria (response bias). In the present studies, subjects listened to vowels under two conditions: an equiprobable control, with each of the stimuli occurring equally often, and an anchoring condition, with one vowel occurring more often than any of the others. Contrast effects were found in that vowel category boundaries tended to shift toward the category of the anchor, relative to the equiprobable control. Results from these experiments were highly similar to previous selective adaptation results and suggest that neither feature detector fatigue nor response criterion changes can adequately account for the adaptation/ anchoring results found with vowels.
Effects of maternal age and adult diet on egg weight in the butterfly Euphydryas editha

. 1. Euphydryas editha (Boisduval) (Nymphalidae) butterflies exhibited no consistent pattern of change in egg weight over their lifetimes. This was the case for captive butterflies fed diets containing sugars and amino acids, for butterflies fed diets containing only sugar, and for those left completely at liberty in their natural habitats between ovipositions. 2. Two aspects of these results conflict with the findings of a previous study on the same subspecies. First, the previous study found that egg weight decreased with increasing maternal age. Second, this decrease was mitigated by addition of amino acids to the adult diet. 3. We accept the findings of these previous workers that egg weight decreased with maternal age under their laboratory conditions. The discrepancy between their data and ours is likely to stem from the more natural conditions under which our insects were kept. Our own data from captive insects are not distinguishable from our field data. 4. These results suggest that declines of egg weight with maternal age found in studies of other insects may also result from the artificial nature of laboratory conditions. We question whether such declines are general. 5. We suggest that the second discrepancy between the two sets of work (effects of amino acids) stems from a design problem in the previous study.
P-015 Mid term and long term results with second generation Matrix2 detachable coils

Purpose Bioactive polyglycolic/polylactic acid coated matrix detachable coils (Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) were reported to incite intra-aneurysmal inflammation and fibrosis. Multiple large case series have shown no significant advantage with respect to aneurysm recurrence. Second generation Matrix2 coils were designed with improved platinum coil support and reduced bioactive copolymer friction. We assessed the safety and efficacy of Matrix2 coils in preventing aneurysm recanalization. Materials and methods 84 aneurysms were embolized using primarily Matrix2 coils (64 aneurysms with >90% Matrix2 coils). We studied patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, embolization procedures, packing density, complications, postprocedure and follow-up angiographic/clinical outcomes. Anatomic results were evaluated using a modified 3 point Raymond scale (complete occlusion, neck remnant and residual aneurysm) with progressive occlusion or recanalization/recurrence strictly defined as any interval change in intra-aneurysmal opacification on both mid term and long term follow-up angiography. Results Mid term (mean 8.9±3.4 months) and long term (23.0±7.4 months) follow-up was available for 65 aneurysms. At mid term, 55 (85%) aneurysms remained stable or progressed to occlusion versus 10 (15%) recurrent aneurysms, seven (11%) requiring retreatment. At long term, 49 (75%) aneurysms remained stable or progressed to occlusion versus 16 (25%) recurrent aneurysms, 12 (18%) requiring retreatment. Recanalization occurred in 6/12 (50%) residual aneurysms as opposed to 10/53 (19%) completely occluded or neck remnant aneurysms. The recanalization rates of small (14%) versus large (71%) aneurysms was statistically significant with a differential coil packing density observed in recurrent (21%) versus stable/progressively occluded (28%) aneurysms (p 4 mm) aneurysms. Four (5%) periprocedural complications were encountered with thromboembolic events related to coil mass or stent placement with three patients requiring thrombolysis and three developing neurological complications. Aneurysm rerupture occurred in one patient at 2 months postprocedure. Five patients expired from subarachnoid hemorrhage complications unrelated to the procedure. The majority of patients improved or remained neurologically intact at baseline on mid term and long term follow-up. Conclusion In our single center experience with Matrix2 coils, safe coil embolization is achievable with few complications. Although aneurysm recurrence rates are lower with Matrix2 coils than previous reports on first generation Matrix or platinum coils on mid term evaluation, we observed no significant benefit in aneurysm recanalization/recurrence after long term follow-up. Small aneurysm volumes and coil packing density are required to complement any benefit of the bioactive polymer coating. We await results from the multicenter, prospective and randomized MAPS trial for greater statistical power.
Doing multimodal research the easy way: a workflow for making sense of technologically complex communication situations

In this paper, we describe the methodology known as Systemic Functional Multimodal Discourse Analysis (SF-MDA), as well as how it can be easily paired with a variety of technologies and research methods to successfully analyze and make sense of any combination of communicative modes, while leaving plenty of room for tailoring data visualizations for a variety of audiences, both scholarly and professional. Our ultimate goal is to provide researchers and practitioners with a simplified workflow of this methodology for employment in a variety of contexts.
The mitochondrial protein hTID-1 partners with the caspase-cleaved adenomatous polyposis cell tumor suppressor to facilitate apoptosis.

Background & Aims The adenomatous polyposis cell (APC) tumor suppressor is a multifunctional protein involved in cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Cleavage of APC and the subsequent release of an amino-terminal segment are necessary for a transcription-independent mechanism of APC-mediated apoptosis. The aim of the current study is to elucidate the mechanism by which the amino-terminus of APC contributes to the enhancement of apoptosis. Methods Previous yeast 2-hybrid screens, using the armadillo repeat domain of APC as bait, identified hTID-1 as a potential binding partner. Coimmunoprecipitations, coimmunofluorescence, and binding assays confirm a direct interaction between caspase-cleaved APC and hTID-1 in vivo at the mitochondria. Overexpression and small interfering RNA ( siRNA ) knockdown studies were designed to determine the significance of this interaction. Results These experiments have identified hTID-1 as a directly interacting protein partner of caspase-cleaved APC. hTID-1 is an apoptosis modulator: 2 of its known mitochondrial protein isoforms, 43-kilodaltons and 40-kilodaltons, have opposing effects in apoptosis. We demonstrate that the amino-terminal segment of APC interacts with both hTID-1 isoforms directly, although there is a stronger association with the apoptotic suppressor 40-kilodalton isoform in vitro. This interaction localizes to amino acids 202–512 of APC, a region including 2 of the 7 armadillo repeats. Overexpression of the 40-kilodalton hTID-1 isoform partially rescues cells from apoptosis mediated by APC 1–777, whereas siRNA knockdown of this hTID-1 isoform enhances apoptosis. Conclusions These data suggest that the amino-terminal segment of APC promotes cell sensitivity to apoptosis modulated through its binding to 40- and 43-kilodalton hTID-1 isoforms.
Deformation behavior of neutron irradiated molybdenum in tensile and hardness tests

Abstract Both tensile and hardness tests were performed on molybdenum irradiated at reactor ambient temperature to a fast neutron fluence of 1.1 × 10 20 n cm −2 and comparisons of the deformation behavior in both tests are made as a function of post-irradiation annealing temperatures. Irradiation hardening was observed for all specimens and embrittlement was exhibited by those irradiated specimens annealed in the temperature range of 343 to 973 K. Very coarse slip lines, believed to be made by dislocation channeling, were observed in the plastically deformed region of the specimens which failed with a brittle fracture. It is shown that dislocation channeling could be one of the main factors leading to the irradiation embrittlement as evidenced by SEM and TEM observation. In addition, it is suggested that deformation behavior of irradiated molybdenum in tensile tests could be determined from hardness test results on the same material.
Tensor product derivative matching for wave propagation in inhomogeneous media

We propose a tensor product derivative matching (TPDM) method to restore the accuracy of high-order finite difference time-domain (FDTD) schemes of computational electromagnetics (CEM) with material interfaces in two spatial dimensions (2D). By making use of fictitious points, the TPDM method locally enforces the physical-jump conditions at material interfaces in a preprocessing stage to arbitrarily high orders of accuracy in principle, based on a structured grid. The proposed method encompasses a variety of schemes of different orders in a single code. In fact, numerical orders from 2 to near 16 are confirmed in the present study. To the best of our knowledge, such high orders have not been reported in the literature for CEM problems involving material interfaces. The limitation and applicability of the present scheme are also analyzed in detail. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 69–77, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20378
Leptomeningeal Dissemination of Malignant Glioma Simulating Cerebral Vasculitis Case Report With Angiographic and Pathological Studies

Background The complex clinical and radiological picture of leptomeningeal spread of tumor is well recognized as a problem of systemic cancer but is less frequent in primary cerebral glioma, particularly as a presenting picture. While brain ischemia and infarction may occur in patients with subarachnoid tumor, the mechanism for these complications remains unclear. Angiographic and pathological demonstrations of direct vascular involvement by disseminated glioma are particularly sparse. We report a patient presenting with multiple infarctlike lesions with postmortem evidence of direct vascular involvement by glioma. Case Description A 54-year-old woman presenting with seizures, headache, and changes in mental status was found to have vascular narrowing in cerebral blood vessels and ischemic lesions on neuroimaging studies of the brain, interpreted as cerebral vasculitis. A brain biopsy showed leptomeningeal glioma. Postmortem examination demonstrated a glioblastoma arising around the right sylvian fissure ...
The mountains of Ecuador as a birth place of ecology and endangered landscape

In the era of space travel, ecology has continued to gain relevance as the science of the ‘spaceship Earth’. In this context, it can be said to have a mission, which is to understand the complex network of the life-support systems that keep biospheric processes operating in a way suitable to sustaining living organisms and their environment (Odum & Sarmiento 1997). With the realization that ecology, in the broad sense, provides the means to understand the mechanics of nature, scholars are using ecological understanding at the interfaces of disciplines to: (1) prevent and reverse the demise of biodiversity in marine and terrestrial ecoregions (conservation biology), (2) reduce impacts of population pressure on the resource base of people (ecological anthropology), (3) establish more parsimonious economic activities to ensure optimum yields for the long term (ecological economics), (4) plan for an appropriately-equitable and socially-integrative sustainable development (environmental design), (5) restore degraded ecosystems and landscapes (restoration ecology), and (6) model hypothetical future scenarios where predictions from ecological theory may prove valuable for the future of mankind (environmental planning).
Continuous measurements, quantum trajectories, and decoherent histories

Quantum open systems are described in the Markovian limit by master equations in Lindblad form. I argue that common ``quantum trajectory'' techniques representing continuous measurement schemes, which solve the master equation by unravelling its evolution into stochastic trajectories in Hilbert space, correspond closely to particular sets of decoherent (or consistent) histories. This is illustrated by a simple model of photon counting. An equivalence is shown for these models between standard quantum jumps and the orthogonal jumps of Di\'osi, which have already been shown to correspond to decoherent histories. This correspondence is compared to simple treatments of trajectories based on repeated or continuous measurements.
Analysis of galactose-1-PO4 and galactose in blood by a new microfluorometric method

Abstract A microfluorometric method is described for quantification of Gal-1-PO 4 and galactose in whole blood spotted on chromatography paper which makes frequent monitoring easier for the patient with galactosemia on dietary treatment. The method is sensitive enough to measure Gal-1-PO 4 levels below 3 mg/dl, and, because of incorporation of a volume correction factor, it is more accurate than other methods which rely on estimates of the volume of blood spotted on paper. These advantages, as well as the added quantification of blood galactose, should make this method applicable not only to clinical studies but also to research designed to investigate possible relationships between Gal-1-PO 4 concentration and CNS involvement.
Development of a Human Light Chain Variable Domain (VL) Intracellular Antibody Specific for the Amino Terminus of Huntingtin via Yeast Surface Display

Intracellular antibodies (intrabodies) provide an attractive means for manipulating intracellular protein function, both for research and potentially for therapy. A challenge in the isolation of effective intrabodies is the ability to find molecules that exhibit sufficient binding affinity and stability when expressed in the reducing environment of the cytoplasm. Here, we have used yeast surface display of proteins to isolate novel scFv clones against huntingtin from a non-immune human antibody library. We then applied yeast surface display to affinity mature this scFv pool and analyze the location of the binding site of the mutant with the highest affinity. Interestingly, the paratope was mapped exclusively to the variable light chain domain of the scFv. A single domain antibody was constructed consisting solely of this variable light chain domain, and was found to retain full binding activity to huntingtin. Cytoplasmic expression levels in yeast of the single domain were at least fivefold higher than the scFv. The ability of the single-domain intrabody to inhibit huntingtin aggregation, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD), was confirmed in a cell-free in vitro assay as well as in a mammalian cell culture model of HD. Significantly, a single-domain intrabody that is functionally expressable in the cytoplasm was derived from a non-functional scFv by performing affinity maturation and binding site analysis on the yeast cell surface, despite the differences between the cytoplasmic and extracellular environment. This approach may find application in the development of intrabodies to a wide variety of intracellular targets.
The optical power radiated by lightning return strokes

During 1981 the optical signals radiated by Florida lightning were recorded in correlation with wideband electric field signatures. Measurements of the initial linear slopes of the signals produced by return strokes in the 0.4- to 1.1-μm wavelength interval indicate that the space-and-time-averaged radiance emitted during the early phase of first strokes averages about 1.3±1.2×106 W/m and that subsequent strokes produce about 3.9±4.9 × 105 W/m, values that are in reasonably good agreement with those obtained in 1980 by Guo and Krider (1982) who used a different detector at longer ranges. The average peak radiance in subsequent return strokes near the ground is estimated to be in the range from about 6×105 W/m to 1×106 W/m.
Structure of Escherichia coli exonuclease I in complex with thymidine 5'-monophosphate.

In Escherichia coli, exonuclease I (ExoI) is a monomeric processive 3′–5′ exonuclease that degrades single-stranded DNA. The enzyme has been implicated as primarily being involved in repairing frameshift mutations. The structure of the enzyme has previously been determined in a hexagonal space group at 2.4 A resolution. Here, the structure of ExoI in complex with a nucleotide product, thymidine 5′-monophos­phate, is described in an orthorhombic space group at 1.5 A resolution. This new high-resolution structure provides some insight into the interactions involved in binding a nucleotide product. The conserved active site contains a unique metal-binding position when compared with orthologous sites in the Klenow fragment, T4 DNA polymerase and dnaQ. This unique difference is proposed to be a consequence of the repositioning of an important histidine, His181, away from the active site.
The Impact of Daily Arthritis Pain on Spouse Sleep

Abstract Although chronic pain has been linked to poorer psychosocial well-being in the spouse, the extent to which patient pain affects spouse sleep is unknown. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that greater daily knee pain would be associated with poorer sleep for the spouse that evening. We also tested the hypothesis that this pain contagion is exacerbated in couples who have a close relationship. A total of 138 knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and their spouses completed baseline interviews and a 22-day diary assessment. Multilevel lagged models indicated that greater knee OA pain at the end of the day was associated with spouses’ poorer overall sleep quality that night and feeling less refreshed after sleep. In contrast, there was no evidence that spouse sleep was related to greater patient pain the next day. The effects of patient pain on spouse sleep were not due to disturbances in patient sleep and were also independent of spouse sex, depressive symptoms, and physical comorbidities; both partners’ negative affect; and the quality of marital interactions throughout the day. As predicted, we also found that patient pain was more strongly related to less refreshing sleep for spouses who were in a close relationship. Findings illustrate that chronic pain may place the spouse’s health at risk and suggest an important target for couple-oriented interventions.
Proliferative response to the skin-sensitizing contact agent dinitrofluorobenzene in lymph nodes in mice.

When dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) is applied to the skin in mice, it induces a state of delayed hypersensitivity. During the three days following the application of this contact agent, lymphoblasts accumulate in the diffuse cortex of the lymph node draining the area of sensitization. This accumulation of blast cells – referred to as a blastogenic response – appears to be part of the induction phase of delayed hypersensitivity. This is an investigation into the origin of the cells of the blastogenic response. There is evidence from other studies that lymphocytes immigrate to the lymph nodes draining a site of sensitization. This paper provides complementary evidence that cellular proliferation in the diffuse cortex of the sensitized lymph node is another source for the accumulation of blast cells. This proliferation has been studied by counting mitotic figures, and by autoradiography after giving 3H-thymidine in order to determine the number of blast cells undergoing DNA synthesis and the duration of the various phases of the cellular reproductive cycle. The results show a high degree of correlation between mitotic figures and blast cells in the diffuse cortex of the sensitized lymph nodes, consistent with a population of dividing blast cells. Approximately 80 percent of the blast cells were in the DNA-synthetic phase of the reproductive cycle at the peak of the blastogenic response, and the cells were dividing with approximately an eight hour generation time. These results can be interpreted to indicate that the cells of the blastogenic response, although accumulating initially by immigration to the draining lymph node, become a homogeneous, nondifferentiating population of blast cells, all proliferating at near maximal rate to provide the great numbers of blast cells seen three days after application of the sensitizing agent.
Does the Viscosity of Glycerin Fall at High Shear Rates

The sole report of glycerin−water viscosities at high shear rates, by Ram, has so far been interpreted as evidence of shear thinning. Two alternative interpretations, both of which invoke experimental artifacts, have now been explored. One of these, viscous dissipation, qualitatively explains the progressive fall in the viscosity of glycerin−water as the shear rate is ramped-up beyond 60 000 s-1 to 90 000 s-1. New measurements with parallel disks separated by a narrow gap indicate that the viscosity of 60 wt % glycerin in water is constant up to 90 000 s-1.
Epinephrine enhances lysosomal enzyme delivery across the blood brain barrier by up-regulation of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor.

Delivering therapeutic levels of lysosomal enzymes across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) has been a pivotal issue in treating CNS storage diseases, including the mucopolysaccharidoses. An inherited deficiency of β-glucuronidase (GUS) causes mucopolysaccharidosis type VII that is characterized by increased systemic and CNS storage of glycosaminoglycans. We previously showed that the neonate uses the mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) receptor to transport phosphorylated GUS (P-GUS) across the BBB and that this transporter is lost with maturation. Induction of expression of this BBB transporter would make enzyme replacement therapy in the adult possible. Here, we tested pharmacological manipulation with epinephrine to restore functional transport of P-GUS across the adult BBB. Epinephrine (40 nmol) coinjected i.v. with 131I-P-GUS induced the transport across the BBB in 8-week-old mice. The brain influx rate of 131I-P-GUS (0.29 μl/g per min) returned to the level seen in neonates. Capillary depletion showed that 49% of the 131I-P-GUS in brain was in brain parenchyma. No increases of influx rate or the vascular space for 125I-albumin, a vascular marker, was observed with epinephrine (40 nmol), showing that enhanced passage was not caused by disruption of the BBB. Brain uptake of 131I-P-GUS was significantly inhibited by M6P in a dose-dependent manner, whereas epinephrine failed to increase brain uptake of nonphosphorylated GUS. Thus, the effect of epinephrine on the transport of 131I-P-GUS was ligand specific. These results indicate that epinephrine restores the M6P receptor-mediated functional transport of 131I-P-GUS across the BBB in adults to levels seen in the neonate.
Interface fluctuations and the Ising model in a random field

With the inclusion of the effects of interface capillary waves, the lower critical dimension has recently been shown to be 3. This paper contains a detailed derivation of the interface model, with the use of the replica method. Based on this model we then present a detailed discussion of a renormalization-group calculation in $d=3+\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ dimensions.
Human granulosa-luteal and cumulus cells express transforming growth factors-beta type 1 and type 2 mRNA

Human granulosa-luteal cells and cumulus cells obtained from women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) were examined for the presence of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. RT-PCR analysis revealed that both follicle cell types express mRNA for both TGF-beta subtypes. Verification of RT-PCR products was done by restriction enzyme digestion analysis. These results suggest a role(s) for TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 in the development of human granulosa-luteal cells and the oocyte-cumulus cell complex.
Orbits of arcs in PG( N, K ) under projectivities

The symmetric group on k symbols is made to operate on a certain set of matrices in such a way that its orbits are in one-to-one correspondence with the orbits of the k-arcs of an N-dimensional projective space under the group of projectivities. This leads to a formula for the number of such orbits.
Complications and side effects associated with epidural bupivacaine/morphine analgesia

Abstract Postoperative analgesia is a responsibility that physicians should fulfil in every patient. It is not only an act of kindness, but also an improved clinical outcome may be derived from this service when epidural techniques are used. However, complications and side effects may occur with postoperative epidural analgesia. Thus, there have been concerns among some clinicians regarding the use of local anaesthetics and opioids for epidural analgesia in the surgical wards where monitoring of patients is not as strict as it is in critical care or step down units. A review of the literature reflects a low incidence of side effects and complications in the surgical wards where the nursing staff have been trained in the early recognition of potential complications and the treatment of side effects. Many issues remain to be addressed via further research efforts. However, we believe that the current knowledge on potential complications and side effects of postoperative epidural analgesia and their treatment, allow for the safe epidural delivery of combinations of local anaesthetics and opioids in a wide range of postoperative patients. We also present the protocols that we currently use in our Acute Pain Treatment Service for the management of these complications and side effects.
DEVELOPING A GIS-BASED INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ON-SITE WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES

On-site wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) collect, treat, and dispose wastewater from dwellings that are not connected to municipal wastewater collection and treatment systems. They serve about 25% of the total population in the United States from an estimated 26 million homes, businesses, and recreational facilities nationwide. There is currently no adequate coordinated information management system for on-site WWTFs. Given the increasing concern about environmental contamination and its effect on public health, it is necessary to provide a more adequate management tool for on-site WWTFs information. This paper presents the development of an integrated, GIS-based, on-site wastewater information management system, which includes three components: (1) a mobile GIS for field data collection; (2) a World Wide Web (WWW) interface for electronic submission of individual WWTF information to a centralized GIS database in a state department of public health or state environmental protection agency; and (3) a GIS for the display and management of on-site WWTFs information, along with other spatial information such as land use, soil types, streams, and topography. It is anticipated that this GIS-based on-site wastewater information management system will provide environmental protection agencies and public health organizations with a spatial framework for managing on-site WWTFs and assessing the risks related to surface discharges.