cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coordinated data prefetching by utilizing reference information at both proxy and web servers

Existing prefetching techniques rely on server-based, proxy-based, or client-based reference access information. Although Web servers may provide accurate access information, our studies show that significant communication overhead can be involved by sending unnecessary reference information to clients or/and proxy servers. Our study also shows that prediction accuracy of proxy-based prefetching can be significantly limited without input of Web servers. We propose a coordinated proxy-server prefetching technique that adaptively utilizes the reference information and coordinates prefetching activities at both proxy and web servers. In our design, the reference access information stored in proxy servers will be the main source serving data prefetching for groups of clients, each of whom shares the common surfing interests. The access information in the web server will be used to serve data prefetching only for data objects that are not qualified for proxy-based prefetching. Conducting trace-driven simulations, we show that both hit ratios and byte hit ratios contributed from coordinated proxy-server prefetching are are up to 88% higher than that from proxy-based prefetching, and they are comparable to the ratios from server-based prefetching with a difference of 5%.
Right coronary blood flow in acute pulmonary embolism

Abstract Right coronary arterial blood flow was measured by means of an electromagnetic flowmeter during acute pulmonary embolism in open-chest anesthetized pigs. This study was undertaken in order to determine whether or not acute pulmonary embolism causes an impediment of right coronary flow which may be responsible for myocardial ischemia. Pulmonary embolism was induced with autologous blood clots in amounts sufficient to produce pulmonary hypertension, but not sufficient to produce shock. No reduction of right coronary blood flow after pulmonary embolization was observed. To the contrary, average right coronary mean flow increased from 27 to 61 ml. per minute (P
Erlotinib versus radiation therapy for brain metastases in patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma.

Purpose/Objectives Radiation therapy (RT) is the principal modality in the treatment of patients with brain metastases (BM). However, given the activity of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the central nervous system, it is uncertain whether upfront brain RT is necessary for patients with EGFR -mutant lung adenocarcinoma with BM. Methods and Materials Patients with EGFR -mutant lung adenocarcinoma and newly diagnosed BM were identified. Results 222 patients were identified. Exclusion criteria included prior erlotinib use, presence of a de novo erlotinib resistance mutation, or incomplete data. Of the remaining 110 patients, 63 were treated with erlotinib, 32 with whole brain RT (WBRT), and 15 with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The median overall survival (OS) for the whole cohort was 33 months. There was no significant difference in OS between the WBRT and erlotinib groups (median, 35 vs 26 months; P =.62), whereas patients treated with SRS had a longer OS than did those in the erlotinib group (median, 64 months; P =.004). The median time to intracranial progression was 17 months. There was a longer time to intracranial progression in patients who received WBRT than in those who received erlotinib upfront (median, 24 vs 16 months, P =.04). Patients in the erlotinib or SRS group were more likely to experience intracranial failure as a component of first failure, whereas WBRT patients were more likely to experience failure outside the brain ( P =.004). Conclusions The survival of patients with EGFR -mutant adenocarcinoma with BM is notably long, whether they receive upfront erlotinib or brain RT. We observed longer intracranial control with WBRT, even though the WBRT patients had a higher burden of intracranial disease. Despite the equivalent survival between the WBRT and erlotinib group, this study underscores the role of WBRT in producing durable intracranial control in comparison with a targeted biologic agent with known central nervous system activity.
A comparison of oxidative equilibria in meteorites and terrestrial rocks

Abstract The majority of terrestrial rocks crystallized in the field of higher oxides such as magnetite. In these rocks Fe 2+ /(Fe 2+ + Mg) of the ferromagnesian silicates generally decreases with increasing Po 2 . The majority of known meteorites on the other hand crystallized in the field of metallic Fe-Ni solid solutions. In these meteorites Fe 2+ /(Fe 2+ + Mg) of the silicates increases with Po 2 whereas Fe/(Fe + Ni) of the metal phase decreases. The latter relations in meteorites were first recognized by Prior (1916). The empirical curve (Ringwood, 1961) through a plot of Fe/(Fe + Ni) of the metal against Fo/(Mg + Fe 2 +) of the silicates is similar in form to the curve produced by the equation of condition for the oxidative process at a constant composition of Si, Mg, Ni and total Fe. This relation lends additional support to the validity of Prior's rule. The reactions and corresponding equations of equilibrium which form the energetic and stoichiometric basis of discussion illustrate the oxidative process in the fields of magnetite and metal.
Advances in understanding bacterial outer-membrane biogenesis

The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli serves as a protective barrier that controls the influx and efflux of solutes. This allows the bacteria to inhabit several different, and often hostile, environments. The assembly of the E. coli outer membrane has been difficult to study using traditional genetic and biochemical methods, and how all its components reach the outer membrane after being synthesized in the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic membrane, how they are assembled in an environment that is devoid of an obvious energy source, and how assembly proceeds without disrupting the integrity of this essential cellular structure are all fundamental questions that remain unanswered. Here, we review the new approaches that have led to the recent discovery of components of the machinery involved in the biogenesis of this distinctive cellular organelle.
A Monte Carlo simulation of convective dispersion in the large airways

Abstract A numerical model describing the local interactions between convection and diffusion in the first 11 generations (0 to 10) of the human bronchial tree is presented. The model, based on a Monte Carlo procedure, is used to investigate the effects of four velocity profiles: (i) parabolic, (ii) asymmetrical, (iii) asymmetrical with swirling and (iv) flat. Behavior was investigated for three diffusivives: (i) 0.75 cm2/s (He/air), (ii) 0.25 cm2/s (N2/O2) and (iii) 0.1 cm2/s (SF6/air) on the convection-diffusion interaction. The results of these simulations showed that ‘Taylor dispersion’ is an important effect, with respect to tracer segregation, and that it is of major significance only in the largest airways. By generation 10, molecular diffusion begins to dominate over Taylor dispersion. It was also found that use of a parabolic velocity profile, or application of the Gill-Subramanian dispersion theory seriously overestimates axial dispersion. On the other hand, the use of a flat velocity profile underestimates dispersion.
A mediation model linking attachment to God, self-compassion, and mental health

Attachment theory posits that insecure attachment is a risk factor for the development of anxiety and depression and ample evidence supports this idea. Research has also demonstrated links between attachment to God and mental health, but little is known about the emotion regulatory mechanism that underlies this relationship. The present study explored the explanatory role of self-compassion in the relation between attachment to God and anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction in a sample of 181 adults who completed an online survey. Elevated attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with higher depression and anxiety, and lower life satisfaction. Self-compassion mediated these associations (in an inverse direction for anxiety and depression), suggesting that people who feel uncomfortable depending on God, or who fear God's rejection, have difficulty extending kindness to themselves. Possible interventions are discussed in the context of these results.
Preparation and characterization of cyclopalladated complexes derived from l-(−)-fenchone

Abstract l -(−)-Fenchone 4 was reacted with RONH 2 ·HCl (R = H or Me) and pyridine in ethanol to give l -fenchone oxime 5a and the corresponding O -methyl derivative 5b in 64 and 82% yields, respectively. Reactions of oximes 5a , b with Pd(OAc) 2 in acetic acid at 80 °C followed by treatment with LiCl provided dimeric cyclopalladated complexes 7a , b in 65 and 49% yields. Compounds 7a , b were then converted to the mononuclear PPh 3 derivatives 8a , b in 99 and 78% yields. The proposed structures of the synthesized complexes were supported by 1 H, 13 C{ 1 H}, DEPT and 2D NMR spectra. Molecular structures of complexes 8a , b confirmed their trans- N , P geometry and the presence of the ( sp 3 )C–Pd bond.
Assist devices: machine preservation of extended criteria donors.

Key Points 1. Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) is in its infancy in clinical liver transplantation. Potential benefits include diminished preservation injury (PI) and improved graft function. 2. We have employed HMP in 21 extended criteria donor (ECD livers) at our center with excellent clinical outcomes. 3. Our experience with liver HMP is the only reported clinical experience worldwide representing a total of 41 successful liver transplant cases showing improved outcomes and diminished markers of ischemia/reperfusion injury. 4. Further multicenter and large scale trials are now warranted to further explore the benefits and applicability of liver HMP into the clinical mainstream. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
Effects of heat stress on enzyme activities and transcript levels in developing maize kernels grown in culture

Abstract Heat stress can cause decreased grain yields and increased susceptibility in maize to the aflatoxin-producing fungus, Aspergillus flavus . We hypothesized that heat stress may affect gene expression in developing kernels, thereby affecting enzyme activities and storage product accumulation. To test this hypothesis, maize ( Zea mays L. hybrid B73xMo17) kernels were cultured in vitro and grown at 25 (control), 30, and 35°C. At 5-day intervals, developing kernels were analyzed for levels of gene expression and enzyme activity. Message levels of all genes evaluated, including Shrunken-1, Shrunken-2, Brittle-2, Aldolase, Waxy, α-Zein, β-Zein , and Opaque-2 were reduced 65 to 80% after 5 days at 35°C. In contrast, of the 17 enzymes assayed, only the activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADP-Glc) pyrophosphorylase, aldolase, aspartate aminotransferase, acid invertase, and acid phosphatase were decreased by heat-stress. Although the decrease in ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase activity corresponded well with its decreased mRNA, aldolase activity only loosely corresponded to its mRNA levels, and sucrose synthase activity was not affected by growth temperature, although its transcript was reduced by 80%. We suggest that the declines in enzyme activities in the heat-stressed kernels are a result of declines in transcript. The differing responses of enzyme activities to the heat stress may reflect differences in protein turnover. In a subsequent experiment, we tested the hypothesis that heat stress may interfere with the ability of a maize kernel to generate pathogenesis-response proteins. We found that the activity of the pathogenesis-related protein, chitinase, was increased two-fold in cultured kernels grown at 25°C by treatment with salicylic acid. However, the salicylate-induced increase in chitinase activity was inhibited in kernels grown at 35°C. These results suggest that heat stress inhibits the induction of pathogenesis-related proteins in the maize kernel, and may, thereby, interfere with the ability of the kernel to defeat pathogen invasion.
Involvement of a Mitochondrial Phosphatase in the Regulation of ATP Production and Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β Cells

Summary Reversible phosphorylation is the cell's most prevalent form of posttranslational modification, yet its role in the regulation of mitochondrial functions is poorly understood. We have discovered that a member of the dual-specific protein tyrosine phosphatase (DS-PTP) family, PTPMT1 ( PTP localized to the M i t ochondrion 1 ) resides nearly exclusively in mitochondria. PTPMT1 is targeted to the mitochondrion by an N-terminal signal sequence and is found anchored to the matrix face of the inner membrane. Knockdown of PTPMT1 expression in the pancreatic insulinoma cell line INS-1 832/13 alters the mitochondrial phosphoprotein profile and markedly enhances both ATP production and insulin secretion. These data define PTPMT1 as a potential drug target for the treatment of type II diabetes and strengthen the notion that mitochondria are an underappreciated site of signaling by reversible phosphorylation.
Replication control and cellular life span.

Abstract Cell proliferation involves both control of progress through the current cell cycle and coordination of successive cell cycles. We have focused our attention on the events that trigger traversal of the G 1 /S boundary of the cell cycle. A protein kinase activity was found in preparations of the DNA-replicative complex from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The activity phosphorylated only a few of the proteins present in the replicative fraction, and it displayed a marked preference for a 48-kDa polypeptide. Most importantly, the protein kinase activity was heat-sensitive in replicative fractions from cdc 7 cells, a mutant that arrests at the G 1 /S boundary at restrictive temperature. The results suggest that phosphorylation of components of the replication machinery may play a role in control of initiation of DNA replication during the cell cycle. We have also begun an analysis of cellular aging in yeast, as a means of addressing the problem of coordination of successive cell cycles. Yeast cells have a finite life span defined by reproductive capacity. With age, the generation time of yeast cells lengthened. The cell cycle of the daughter cell was under the control of the mother. This control was transient, and the daughter cell began dividing at the rate characteristic of its own age within three divisions of its birth. This suggests that the senescent phenotype, as manifested by lengthened generation time, is a dominant feature in yeast cells, and that it is determined by a diffusible cytoplasmic molecule(s) that undergoes turnover in young cells. In a search for this putative senescence factor(s), we are cloning genes that are differentially expressed during the yeast life span. Several such genes have been isolated and partially characterized. Our goals are to determine whether the expression of one or more of these genes is causally associated with cell longevity. We propose the Cell Spiral model to describe the relationship between the cell cycle and cellular aging.
Metastatic carcinoma in axillary lymph nodes without pathologic evidence of a primary mammary lesion: A case report

A 56-year-old nullipara presented with a mass in the right axilla. Pathologically, two enlarged lymph nodes were found to contain metastatic adenocarcinoma consistent with a primary from the breast. Clinically, no breast mass was palpable, and xeromammography showed diffuse ductal hyperplasia and a small focus suggestive of malignancy. Modified radical mastectomy was done, and no tumor was found pathologically in the excised breast. The patient received local radiotherapy and is alive and well one year postoperatively. Attention is drawn to this rare occurrence, and patient management is briefly discussed.
The estimation of the ambulatory medical care technology where output is an unobservable variable

Abstract This paper develops and applies a methodology for defining and measuring the outputs of an ambulatory medical care practice. First, hierarchical clustering is used todisaggregate the set of encounters into relatively homogeneous subsets. Second, a further disaggregation of one of these subsets is performed by specifying and estimating a multiple-indicator, multiple-cause (MIMIC) model of the production process. Our MIMIC model differs from the standard version in that (i) the unobserved variable which mediates between the observed causes and indicators is dichotomous rather than continuous, and (ii) the observed indicators are dichotomous variables.
Use of a fibular strut allograft in an osteoporotic distal humerus fracture: a case report.

In 2004, nearly 120 000 fragility fractures of the humerus were reported. As the US population ages, this number is expected to increase. Fractures of the distal humerus can be treated in a closed or open fashion. Open treatment includes open reduction and internal fixation or total elbow arthroplasty. Open reduction and internal fixation typically involves dual plating for increased stability and early mobility. We present a case in which dual plating failed due to lack of screw purchase in osteoporotic bone. This patient’s fracture was then revised with the use of a fibular strut allograft for improved stability and screw purchase. This method of fixation has not previously been described in the distal humerus and may prove useful in open fixation of osteoporotic distal humerus fractures.
Conceptualizing trust: a typology and e-commerce customer relationships model

A typology of trust concepts would enable researchers to compare results and communicate results more clearly. The typology would be especially valuable if the types of trust are shown to relate to each other. This paper justifies such an interdisciplinary typology and relates the trust constructs to e-commerce actions. It defines both conceptual level and operational level trust constructs. The conceptual level constructs consist of disposition to trust (from psychology), institution-based trust (from sociology), and trusting beliefs and trusting intentions (from social psychology). Each construct is further decomposed into two to four measurable subconstructs. Web vendor interventions designed to encourage customers to purchase goods/services or to share personal information with the vendor are posited to affect these behaviors by influencing customer trusting beliefs and trusting intentions in the vendor.
RACE AND CLASS BIAS IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON WOMEN

Exploratory studies employing volunteer subjects are especially vulnerable to race and class bias. This article illustrates how inattention to race and class as critical dimensions in women's lives can produce biased research samples and lead to false conclusions. It analyzes the race and class background of 200 women who volunteered to participate in an in-depth study of Black and White professional, managerial, and administrative women. Despite a multiplicity of methods used to solicit subjects, White women raised in middle-class families who worked in male-dominated occupations were the most likely to volunteer, and White women were more than twice as likely to respond to media solicitations or letters. To recruit most Black subjects and address their concerns about participation required more labor-intensive strategies involving personal contact. The article discusses reasons for differential volunteering and ways to integrate race and class into qualitative research on women.
Characteristics of Fano filters based on transferred silicon nanomembranes on glass and plastic substrates

We report the measured characteristics of optical filters based on Fano resonances in patterned single crystalline silicon nanomembranes, transferred onto glass and plastic substrates. The observed angle dependent transmission and waveguiding effects are also reported.
Edward P. Ney (1920–1996)

On July 9, 1996, Edward P. Ney, whose research spanned many disciplines across physics, astronomy, and geophysics, succumbed to a long battle with congestive heart disease at his home in Minneapolis at the age of 75. Ney was a member of both the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was regents' professor emeritus of physics and astronomy at the University of Minnesota, where he had been a member of the faculty since 1947. Although he retired from teaching in 1990, Ney remained active in research until his death.
Potential of hypertonic medium treatment for embryo micromanipulation: II. Assessment of nuclear transplantation methodology, isolation, subzona insertion, and electrofusion of blastomeres to intact or functionally enucleated oocytes in rabbits.

The objective of this research was to study efficiency of embryo development following transfer of blastomeres into the perivitelline space of oocytes. Single blastomeres from 8-, 16-, and 32-cell embryos were obtained following mucin coat and zona pellucida removal by combined treatments with pronase and acidic phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH = 2.5). Blastomeres were separated by pipetting with a fire-polished micropipette following incubation in Ca+(+)-free PBS for 15 min at 39 degrees C. This procedure resulted in over 97% blastomere separation. For ease of blastomere insertion, oocytes were placed in droplets of 0.5 M sucrose in PBS (SPBS) during micromanipulation. To functionally enucleate oocytes some were stained with Hoechst 33342 DNA stain and irradiated. A single 8- or 16-cell blastomere was aspirated into an injection pipette (35 microns or 25 microns at the tip, respectively) and inserted into the perivitelline space of an irradiated or non-irradiated oocyte, but not fused with the oocyte. This micromanipulation procedure did not affect development of individual blastomeres into blastocysts or trophectoderm vesicles when compared with cultured control single blastomeres (P greater than .05). When the inserted blastomere was induced to fuse with an intact non-irradiated oocyte under an electric field, 56-57% were fused and 39-45% of the fused and activated oocytes developed to morulae or blastocysts. When an inserted blastomere (from 8-32-cell embryos) was induced to fuse with a functionally enucleated oocyte treated by Hoechst 33342 staining, followed by washing and UV-light irradiation, 63-66% of them were fused, but only 15-22% developed to the morula or blastocyst stage. This research demonstrated that the use of hypertonic medium treated oocytes greatly improved the ease and success rate of blastomere subzona insertion, but the value of functionally enucleated oocytes as recipient cells for nuclear transfer requires further investigation.
A novel hysteresis reducing piezoceramic amplifier

Piezoceramic materials exhibit hysteresis that forces the use of advanced algorithms in control applications, and thus limiting the potential to move from laboratory to large scale field applications. Using the nonlinear electromechanical model of piezoelectric materials as the basis for understanding the behaviors of the actuator, piezoceramic materials should be controlled using charge to effectively reduce hysteresis. On the other hand, commercial amplifiers use voltage feedback control to actuate piezoceramic materials. In this paper, the previously designed piezoceramic amplifier was fitted with a Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) tracking controller to allow the reduction of hysteresis through current feedback. Tests were conducted on a two story concrete frame by comparing the frequency response of an embedded smart aggregate sensor with the reference current applied to another embedded smart aggregate actuator. From the latter test, results show a reduction of the hysteresis of about 60% in the 10 to 3k [Hz] range. In addition, the overall harmonic distortion dropped by 16%.
Fault Models and Yield Analysis for QCA-Based PLAs

Various implementations of the quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) device architecture may help many performance scaling trends continue as we approach the nano-scale. Experimental success has led to the evolution of a research track that looks at QCA-based design. The work presented in this paper follows that track and looks at implementation friendly, programmable QCA circuits. Specifically, we analyze a novel, QCA-based, programmable logic array (PLA) structure, develop an implementation independent fault model, discuss how expected defects and faults might affect yield, and look at the design in the context of a magnetic implementation of QCA.
Development of an 18 × 18 mm package-on-package using C4NP flip chip attach and back side grind

While the use and benefits of package-on-package (PoP) assembly in industry have been well documented [1, 2, 3] innovative uses of this package technology are continually introduced. An 18 × 18 mm package-on-package has been developed for a flip chip die with Pb-free C4NP solder bumps [4,5] at 150 µm pitch using back side grind (BSG) processing of 300 mm diameter wafers. This lower package size was required by the large, 9.8 × 9.8 mm die, and the matching 16 × 16 mm memory device. Grinding the die thickness supports the low package height requisite in our customer's assembly. This space saving package also provided fast access for the memory by mounting the memory's I/O in close proximity to the processor's I/O. The overall height, from the bottom package landing pad to the top surface of the die, was established by the mating upper package memory module. Grinding the flip chip die very thin and limiting the underfill thickness on the chip backside presented challenges that were overcome through process development. Further process development was required for the dispense and cure of the underfill within the limited area available between the die edges and the first row of landing pads. The underfill dispense parameters used in production for other flip chip products are not suitable for this specific application. Multiple tests determined that something was needed to physically maintain the underfill in a specific area and to prevent any contaminations on the landing pads surface. The best option we found was to add an ink dam, very close to the first row of PoP pads, all around the chip. It was demonstrated that only a thin ink line was enough to stop the underfill flow. In addition to the underfill work, this package development effort successfully overcame package warpage challenges, while maintaining cost and reliability targets. The package warpage was measured and these reliability characteristics were demonstrated in typical stress testing.
Identification of Extremely Premature Infants at High Risk of Rehospitalization

OBJECTIVE: Extremely low birth weight infants often require rehospitalization during infancy. Our objective was to identify at the time of discharge which extremely low birth weight infants are at higher risk for rehospitalization.
Impulsivity and the role of smoking-related outcome expectancies among dependent college-aged cigarette smokers

The relationship between trait-impulsivity and smoking expectancies on smoking progression in undergraduate college students was examined over a 48-hour period of smoking abstinence. Participants were forty-nine college-aged dependent cigarette smokers who completed measures designed to assess impulsivity, nicotine dependence, and smoking expectancies. Using a series of multilevel models, impulsivity by time analyses indicated significant differences in positive reinforcement expectancies, [F (2, 94)=3.19, p<.05], but not in negative reinforcement expectancies, [F (2, 94)=0.49, p=.61]. Simple slopes analyses indicated that heightened trait-impulsivity predicted greater increases in positive reinforcement outcome expectancies at 48 h of abstinence. Level of impulsivity, however, was not related to changes in negative reinforcement expectancies. Results indicate that during an abstinence period, college students higher in trait-impulsivity may be more prone to relapse due to stronger beliefs about the positive effects from smoking a cigarette. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the interaction of personality and cognitive factors when working with young adult smokers wishing to quit this health-compromising behavior.
Authenticity, Performative Action, and the White American Complaint

From Bill Clinton’s fateful finger-wagging gesture, defiantly stating “I did not...” to Rudy Guiliani’s infamous “noun, verb and 9/11,” performance has literally taken center stage in American politics. Indeed, it is arguable that performative action has taken on increasing relevance in 2008’s year-long season of political theater. Political candidates and their representatives in the media make ritualistic claims—promises—in the speech act sense, which will be shown to be felicitous, in John Austin’s terms, only if the candidate is elected, only if enough people accept the underlying premises of the promise, if they read it in the same context that the candidates spoke (Alexander, Geisen and Mast, p. 3; see also Austin 1975). Social Performance: Symbolic Action, Cultural Pragmatics, and Ritual issues a call for a sociological program of “cultural pragmatics” drawing on the performative turn. Several of the essays in the volume examine global political events through a cultural/performative lens. In line with other accounts of performativity, these essays explore the degrees to which symbolic action can create a world—or change the world. One of the most vivid examples is the essay by Valentin Rauer, on West German Chancellor Willy Brandt’s highly symbolic kneefall at the Ghetto Memorial in Warsaw in 1970, which helped generate a German national affect of guilt and an accounting with the Holocaust. Rauer maps out the context and effects of this act. In the context of the trials of Nazis in Frankfurt, Germany, and the Eichmann trial in Israel, he locates it first as a meaningful iteration of medieval King Heinrich II’s mythical kneefall at Canossa, then Qual Sociol (2009) 32:333–335 DOI 10.1007/s11133-009-9132-6
TOWARD DESIGNING PEDESTRIAN-FRIENDLY VEHICLES

In this study, we present a literature review and provide insights into vehicle designs to improve pedestrian safety. Field data show that pedestrian injuries are highly correlated with impact speed, pedestrian age, and vehicle type. The increased proportion of older pedestrians and SUVs will likely result in more pedestrian injuries, especially those involving the torso. Adding energy–absorbing materials to the vehicle front–end structures is cost–effective, but often conflicts with other design considerations. Deployable passive safety designs and active safety designs have demonstrated considerable benefits for reducing pedestrian injuries. Integrated passive and active systems are recommended for a further enhancement of pedestrian protection. However, the benefits from different pedestrian–safety designs vary with different types of vehicles and pedestrians with different statures and ages. Consequently, it is important to consider vehicle–specific safety designs, and population–age profile may also play an important role in selecting the pedestrian safety features.
Retrospective Analysis of Beta-Blocker Instituted for Treatment of Hemangiomas (RABBIT Study)

Objective. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of our institutional beta-blocker protocol for treatment of complicated infantile hemangiomas (IH). Study Design. A retrospective descriptive study of 76 infants/children with IH treated with oral propranolol at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia between June 2008 and August 2010 was performed, assessing both the safety and efficacy of propranolol. Based on preliminary data showing hemangioma recrudescence off-treatment, we reviewed 9 additional patients with recrudescence between August 2010 and December 2011. Results. Mild adverse events included asymptomatic bradycardia, gastrointestinal symptoms, asymptomatic hypotension, cool hands/feet, asymptomatic hypoglycemia, and sleep disturbance. Sixteen patients had recrudescence of IH off-treatment, with propranolol discontinued at a median age of 14 months (interquartile range 10-15 months). Conclusions. Propranolol appears to be associated with minor, not severe symptomatic adverse events. Propranolol app...
Intense pulsed light sintering of copper nanoink for printed electronics

An intense pulsed light (IPL) from a xenon flash lamp was used to sinter copper nanoink printed on low-temperature polymer substrates at room temperature in ambient condition. The IPL can sinter the copper nanoink without damaging the polymer substrates in extremely short time (2 ms). The microstructure of the sintered copper film was investigated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray micro tomography, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The sintered copper film has a grainy structure with neck-like junctions. The resulting resistivity was 5 μΩ cm of electrical resistivity which is only 3 times as high as that of bulk copper. The IPL sintering technique allows copper nanoparticles to be used in inkjet printing on low-temperature substrates such as polymers in ambient conditions.
Targeted deletion of SAP1 abolishes the expression of infectivity factors necessary for successful malaria parasite liver infection

Malaria parasite sporozoites prepare for transmission to a mammalian host by upregulation of UIS (Upregulated in Infectious Sporozoites) genes. A number of UIS gene products are essential for the establishment of the intrahepatocytic niche. However, the factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in gain of infectivity for the liver are unknown. Herein, we show that a conserved Plasmodium sporozoite low-complexity asparagine-rich protein, SAP1 (Sporozoite Asparagine-rich Protein 1), has an essential role in malaria parasite liver infection. Targeted deletion of SAP1 in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii generated mutant parasites that traverse and invade hepatocytes normally but cannot initiate liver-stage development in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, immunizations with Pysap1(-) sporozoites confer long-lasting sterile protection against wild-type sporozoite infection. Strikingly, lack of SAP1 abolished expression of essential UIS genes including UIS3, UIS4 and P52 but not the constitutively expressed genes encoding, among others, sporozoite proteins CSP and TRAP. SAP1 localization to the cell interior but not the nucleus of sporozoites suggests its involvement in a post-transcriptional mechanism of gene expression control. These findings demonstrate that SAP1 is essential for liver infection possibly by functioning as a selective regulator controlling the expression of infectivity-associated parasite effector genes.
Genesis of the White Cloud and Related Pegmatites, South Platte Area, Jefferson County, Colorado

The writer mapped in detail the geology of an area of approximately 12 square miles, including South Platte, Colorado, to ascertain the geologic setting of large, concentrically zoned, rare-earth-bearing pegmatite bodies. These occur within granite of the northeastern portion of the Pikes Peak batholith. The outer batholithic zone of granite contains platy flow structure concentric with the concordant contact between the batholith and metasomatized metamorphic wall rocks, indicating emplacement of a mobile magma in the mesozone. Pegmatite and aplite dike emplacement, as well as development of tensional quartz veins with deuteric wall rock alteration and fluorite veins, mark the late stages of batholith formation. The rare-earth-bearing pegmatite bodies are lens-or pod-shaped, with quartz cores surrounded by four concentric but commonly incomplete zones. These zones are generally: (1) wall zones of graphic granite; (2) outer-intermediate zones of biotite, cyrtolite, and perthite; (3) middle-intermediate zones of giant perthite crystals; and (4) inner-intermediate zones of euhedral fluorite crystals. Compromise surfaces between some minerals are interpreted as evidence of simultaneous growth; crystallization is believed to have proceeded from the pegmatite walls inward following Bowen9s reaction series. Replacement at the White Cloud pegmatite consists of perthite by albite, fluorite by yttrofluorite, yttrofluorite by doverite, quartz and allanite by fluorite, biotite by hematite, quartz by sericite, and gadolinite by an unidentified fluocarbonate of yttrium with an X-ray structure similar to bastnae-site. Several rare-earth minerals have not been identified. Pegmatite emplacement is believed to have taken place by: (1) liquid segregation in a giant miarole, or (2) autointrusion, or (3) a combination thereof in the early stages of batholith crystallization. Paragenesis is interpreted in the light of recent laboratory findings of other workers supporting resurgent boiling and the action of a vapor phase as a transfer medium in replacement.
Continuity of care and early diagnosis of head and neck cancer.

Summary This study investigated whether receiving continuous regular care with the same primary care provider had an independent association with stage at diagnosis for head and neck cancers (HNCA) in a Medicare population. The study database (N = 10,662) linked files from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program 1991–2000 for patients with cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx with their files from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services Program. Continuity of care displayed a statistically significant independent association and dose–response pattern with stage at diagnosis when the provider was an internist but not a general or family physician. An independent statistically significant association between continuity of care with an internist and stage at diagnosis was found for oral cavity tumors (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.85; 95%CI = 0.73–0.99), but not pharyngeal tumors (AOR = 1.02; 95%CI = 0.74–1.41). Laryngeal tumors were borderline statistically significant at p-value = 0.07 (AOR = 0.84; 95%CI = 0.69–1.02). Regular continuous care from the same primary care provider displayed an independent association with early diagnosis of HNCA when the anatomic site was the oral cavity and the provider was an internist, but not when the provider was a general or family physician. Primary care physicians including general/family physicians may represent a relevant group for encouraging increased opportunistic HNCA screening efforts among their patients.
Black Swan or Black Turkey? The State of Economic Knowledge and the Crash of 2007–2009

Nassim Nicholas Taleb has an elegant explanation for the global financial crisis of 2007–2009: It’s a black swan.1 A black swan is a very bad event that is not easily foreseeable—because prior exam...
What Students Tell Us About Doing Research: Information Literacy Assessment as Pedagogy

Ongoing ethnographic research by the University Libraries at Virginia Tech, initiated to uncover students’ judgments about the success of information literacy instruction in particular courses, consistently elicits remarks that go beyond library services and collections. Comments made in end-of-semester interviews with classes reveal the ways in which research assignments are mysterious to many students, despite the assumptions of instructors and librarians who try to assist them. The learner-centered narratives voiced in the “retro” interviews give richer insights into our students’ perplexities and strategies than we have been able to capture through more structured evaluation and assessment instruments. Our students have proven remarkably forthcoming regarding the clarity of assignment instructions, sequencing and schedule of course work, and relation of a course to previous courses. Since 2002 library and political science faculty have used the students’ observations not only to revise specifically library components of assignments. More significantly, they have taken them into account to rethink how they represent research projects and arrange and integrate their interventions with students over the semester.
A Fixed-Wing Aircraft Simulation Tool for Improving DoD Acquisition Efficiency

The HPCMP CREATE-AV Kestrel software product is a modularized, multidisciplinary, fixed-wing virtual aircraft simulation tool incorporating aerodynamics, structural dynamics, kinematics, and kinetics. Kestrel allows cross-over between simulation of aerodynamics, dynamic stability and control, structures, propulsion, and store separation. It's written in modular form with a Python infrastructure to allow growth to additional capabilities as needed. The current version of Kestrel is being used extensively in the government aircraft acquisition process and is being evaluated by industry for suitability to aircraft acquisition. Current capability is demonstrated for a maneuvering aircraft coupled with control surface movements, aeroelastic effects, store separation, and cargo deployment. In addition, several future capabilities currently in prototype are discussed.
Insider Trading (PLI 2d ed. 2006)

This paper is the Introductory chapter to Insider Trading (PLI 2d ed. 2006). Insider Trading is a two-volume treatise that analyzes the application of various laws to stock market insider trading and tipping. Among the federal laws are Exchange Act section 10(b), SEC rule 10b-5, mail/wire fraud, SEC rule 14e-3, Exchange Act section 16, and Securities Act section 17(a). The state laws discussed are the common law, the Uniform Securities Act, and the California and New York securities statutes. Another chapter addresses government enforcement of the insider trading/tipping prohibitions. A chapter on compliance programs deals with how firms can try to prevent illegal insider trading and tipping. Two chapters compare the harmful and allegedly beneficial effects of stock market insider trading and discuss the harm to individual investors from each specific insider trade.
The adversary system: role of the psychiatrist.

Forensic psychiatry as a specialty is nonexistent. There is no such sub-specialty recognized within the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. Equally as startling within the adversary system is the selection of the so-called forensic psychiatrist. The defense attorney has the choice of several varieties of psychiatrists upon whom to depend for psychiatric expertise within the adversary system. He may call upon a professional psychiatric witness who devotes his primary effort on the courtroom appearance. Or he may select a legally sophisticated but non-trained physician with some degree of psychiatric knowledge. Neither of these professionals has either competence or credibility. Emanuel Tanay properly says, the suspicious attitudes of the general public and lawyers toward the forensic pseudo-psychiatrist are, therefore, understandable.
Source Term Discretization Effects on the Steady-State Accuracy of Finite Volume Schemes

Source terms often arise in Computational Fluid Dynamics to describe a variety of physical phenomena, including turbulence, chemical reactions, and certain methods used for code verification, such as the method of manufactured solutions. While much has already been published on the treatment of source terms, here we follow an uncommon approach, designing compatible source term discretizations in terms of spatial truncation error for finite volume schemes in multiple dimensions. In this work we examine the effect of source term discretization on three finite volume flux schemes applied to steady flows: constant reconstruction, linear reconstruction, and a recently published third-order flux correction method. Three source term discretization schemes are considered, referred to as point, Galerkin, and corrected. The corrected source discretization is a new method that extends our previous work on flux correction to equations with source terms. In all cases, computational grid refinement studies confirm the compatibility (or lack thereof) of various flux-source combinations predicted through detailed truncation error analysis.
Elektromagnetismus als natürliche Eigenschaft der Riemannschen Geometrie

Ein allgemeines Verfahren zeigt, das das Vektorpotential mit der gewohnlichen Riemannschen Geometrie eng verbunden ist. Es tritt bei der Integration von Feldgleichungen jederzeit auf, wenn diese aus einem Hamiltonschen Prinzip abgeleitet werden mit einer Hamiltonschen Funktion, die aus dem fundamentalen Einsteinschen Krummungstensor Rik und dem fundamentalen Mastensor gik allein gebildet ist. Im weiteren wird eine aus den Rik quadratisch aufgebaute Hamiltonsche Funktion benutzt, was zu fordern ist, wenn das Wirkungsintegral der naturlichen Bedingung der Eichinvarianz, d. h. der Unabhangigkeit von der Wahl der Langeneinheit, genugen soll. Die Kontinuitatsgleichung fur das Vektorpotential ergibt sich streng als Folge der Feldgleichungen, die Potentialgleichung in erster Approximation. Das dieses Vektorpotential in der Tat mit dem physikalischen Vektorpotential zu identifizieren ist — sofern es sich um ein Gebiet linearer Approximation, den „Ather“ handelt —, zeigt die Ableitung eines Bewegungsgesetzes fur das Elementarteilchen, das gerade die Lorentzsche ponderomotorische Kraft liefert.
An evaluation of dynamic outlet boundary conditions in a 1D fluid dynamics model

When modeling the cardiovascular system, the use of boundary conditions that closely represent the interaction between the region of interest and the surrounding vessels and organs will result in more accurate predictions. An often overlooked feature of outlet boundary conditions is the dynamics associated with regulation of the distribution of pressure and flow. This study implements a dynamic impedance outlet boundary condition in a one-dimensional fluid dynamics model using the pulmonary vasculature and respiration (feedback mechanism) as an example of a dynamic system. The dynamic boundary condition was successfully implemented and the pressure and flow were predicted for an entire respiration cycle. The cardiac cycles at maximal expiration and inspiration were predicted with a root mean square error of $0.61$ and $0.59$ mm Hg, respectively.
How Likely Are Impressive Benefits to Ensue From Simulation-Driven Big Neuroscience?

In their article “Ethical Challenges of Simulation-Driven Big Neuroscience,” Christen and colleagues (2016), while pointing out that there are relevant ethical issues, extolled the potential benefi...
Hard decision based distributed detection in multi-sensor system over noise correlated sensing channels

In spite of the spectrum sensing importance, small part of the literature deals with the case of dependency between sensors' observations. In this paper, Bayes criterion for minimizing the probability of error (Pe) is used to find the distributed decision rule at each sensor in a binary hypothesis multi-sensor system, while considering the correlation over the sensing channels. This paper proposes a new, simple, yet efficient algorithm to find the local decision rules to achieve the objective of minimizing the Pe. Upon receiving the signal, each sensor sends a local hard decision to the fusion center (FC). The FC then generates a global decision using the K-out-of-N majority rule. The derived problem formulation and the proposed algorithm can be used with any joint probability density functions and with any odd number of sensors. The proposed framework also accounts for the path attenuation effect on the global decision. The results show the effectiveness and validity of the proposed framework in practical sensor systems.
Comprehensive Rehabilitation Treatment Efficacy in Patients with Cerebral Palsy

Objective To investigate the comprehensive rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy patient outcomes.Methods 40 patients with cerebral palsy as the control group,used the exercise therapy,40 patients for the treatment of children with cerebral palsy group,Rehabilitation of children were compare.Results The total effective rate was 91% in the control group,81% total efficiency.Two children GMFM scores after treatment than before treatment,respectively,were increased compared to(P0.05);in which scores of treatment group than the control group(P0.05).Conclusion The comprehensive rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy patients treated over a single exercise have better efficacy.