cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poor quality of life in patients with and without frailty: co-prevalence and prognostic implications in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions and cardiac catheterization.

AIMS We hypothesize that poor quality of life (QOL) is highly prevalent in frail older adults and is associated with worse prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Predismissal standardized tests for frailty and QOL were prospectively administered to patients included in two cohorts. In Cohort 1, 629 patients ≥65 years who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from 2005 to 2008, frailty (Fried criteria), and QOL [SF-36 and Seattle Angina Questionnaires (SAQ)] were ascertained. Cohort 2 included 921 patients ≥55 years who underwent cardiac catheterization (535 had PCI) from 2014 to 2018 and frailty was determined by Rockwood criteria and QOL by single-item, self-reported health questionnaire. In Cohort 1, 19% were frail and 20% patients in Cohort 2 were frail with a frailty index >0.30. The median SAQ for physical limitation (58.9 vs. 82.2, P < 0.001), physical (29.5 vs. 43.9, P < 0.001), and mental (49.2 vs. 57.4, P < 0.001) component scores of SF-36 in Cohort 1 were lower and self-rating of fair/poor health (56% vs 18%, P < 0.001) in Cohort 2 was significantly higher in frail patients. As compared to patients without frailty, frail patients were five times more likely (59% vs. 11%, P < 0.001) in Cohort 1 and seven times more likely (56% vs. 8%) in Cohort 2 to be classified with poor QOL. Age- and gender-adjusted 3-year all-cause death and death or myocardial infarction (MI) was significantly higher for patients undergoing PCI with frailty; [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) death, 4.20 (2.63-6.68, P < 0.001) and death or MI hazard ratio (HR) 2.72 (1.91-3.87, P < 0.001)] and with poor QOL [HR death 2.47 (1.59-3.84, P < 0.001)] and death or MI 1.61 (1.16-2.24, P < 0.001). There was no significant interaction between frailty and QOL (P = 0.64) and only modest attenuation was observed when considered together indicating their independent prognostic influence. CONCLUSION In elderly patients undergoing cardiac catheterization or PCI, poor QOL is seen more frequently in frail patients. Both frailty and poor QOL had significant and independent association with long-term survival.
Clients' perceptions of marriage and family therapists' way-of-being: a phenomenological analysis.

Previous research highlights the influence of therapist factors on treatment outcomes. One therapist factor proposed as fundamental to the process of therapy is the therapist's way-of-being, a relational concept that refers to how the therapist regards a client-either as a person or object (Fife et al., [2014] Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 40, 20-33). Although this case has been made conceptually, there is little empirical research on therapists' way-of-being with clients. The primary purpose of this research is to investigate clients' perceptions of their therapists' way-of-being. Utilizing a common factors perspective, the study seeks to explore: (a) how clients experience their therapists' way-of-being and (b) the influence therapists' way-of-being has on clients' engagement. Phenomenological methods were used to gain a nuanced understanding of the phenomenon. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with clients (N = 10) who received individual therapy from a marriage and family therapist. Results were organized into two main themes: core tenets (attunement, congruency, and aligning with clients) and operational tenets (providing affirmation and validation, balancing flexibility and structure, and accomplishing goals). Findings are used to make a case for adding the concept of way-of-being as an overarching construct for several well-established therapist factors. Clinical and training implications are discussed.
Demonstration of a Label-Free and Low-Cost Optical Cavity-Based Biosensor Using Streptavidin and C-Reactive Protein

An optical cavity-based biosensor (OCB) has been developed for point-of-care (POC) applications. This label-free biosensor employs low-cost components and simple fabrication processes to lower the overall cost while achieving high sensitivity using a differential detection method. To experimentally demonstrate its limit of detection (LOD), we conducted biosensing experiments with streptavidin and C-reactive protein (CRP). The optical cavity structure was optimized further for better sensitivity and easier fluid control. We utilized the polymer swelling property to fine-tune the optical cavity width, which significantly improved the success rate to produce measurable samples. Four different concentrations of streptavidin were tested in triplicate, and the LOD of the OCB was determined to be 1.35 nM. The OCB also successfully detected three different concentrations of human CRP using biotinylated CRP antibody. The LOD for CRP detection was 377 pM. All measurements were done using a small sample volume of 15 µL within 30 min. By reducing the sensing area, improving the functionalization and passivation processes, and increasing the sample volume, the LOD of the OCB are estimated to be reduced further to the femto-molar range. Overall, the demonstrated capability of the OCB in the present work shows great potential to be used as a promising POC biosensor.
COVID-19 Vaccine and Social Media: Exploring Emotions and Discussions on Twitter

Public response to COVID-19 vaccines is the key success factor to control the COVID-19 pandemic. To understand the public response, there is a need to explore public opinion. Traditional surveys are expensive and time-consuming, address limited health topics, and obtain small-scale data. Twitter can provide a great opportunity to understand public opinion regarding COVID-19 vaccines. The current study proposes an approach using computational and human coding methods to collect and analyze a large number of tweets to provide a wider perspective on the COVID-19 vaccine. This study identifies the sentiment of tweets and their temporal trend, discovers major topics, compares topics of negative and non-negative tweets, and discloses top topics of negative and non-negative tweets. Our findings show that the negative sentiment regarding the COVID-19 vaccine had a decreasing trend between November 2020 and February 2021. We found Twitter users have discussed a wide range of topics from vaccination sites to the 2020 U.S. election between November 2020 and February 2021. The findings show that there was a significant difference between negative and non-negative tweets regarding the weight of most topics. Our results also indicate that the negative and non-negative tweets had different topic priorities and focuses.
Accurate Load Prediction Algorithms Assisted with Machine Learning for Network Traffic

With the increasingly higher demand on radio access networks, problems such as serious energy consumption and network load imbalance have aroused, catching more attention from the network operators. To solve these problems, load prediction has been considered as one possible solution. This paper investigates two load prediction models to predict the traffic load in cells, in order to improve the energy saving strategies. One of the proposed algorithm is a linear ensemble model which is composed of three sub-models, to predict the traffic load in terms of time, space and historical pattern respectively. This model is named as the ensemble model. Different methods such as time series analysis, linear regression and regression tree are applied to the sub-models, after which adjusted weights are calculated and allocated to each of the three sub-models to create the ensemble model. The second model investigated in this paper is convolutional neural network (CNN) based, which utilizes the residual learning network (ResNet) structure to train the collected data and at the same time improves the calculation efficiency. This model is thus referred as ResNet model in this paper. The collected data of traffic load in Milan area is put into training and verification by the proposed models. The performance of proposed methods is evaluated. The result shows that ensemble model provides a higher prediction accuracy than the other base line models and the ResNet model improves the efficiency of calculation.
Very long haplotype tracts characterized at high resolution from HLA homozygous cell lines.

The HLA region of chromosome 6 contains the most polymorphic genes in humans. Spanning ~5 Mbp the densely packed region encompasses approximately 175 expressed genes including the highly polymorphic HLA class I and II loci. Most of the other genes and functional elements are also polymorphic, and many of them are directly implicated in immune function or immune-related disease. For these reasons, this complex genomic region is subject to intense scrutiny by researchers with the common goal of aiding further understanding and diagnoses of multiple immune-related diseases and syndromes. To aid assay development and characterization of the classical loci, a panel of cell lines partially or fully homozygous for HLA class I and II was assembled over time by the International Histocompatibility Working Group (IHWG). Containing a minimum of 88 unique HLA haplotypes, we show that this panel represents a significant proportion of European HLA allelic and haplotype diversity (60–95 %). Using a high-density whole genome array that includes 13,331 HLA region SNPs, we analyzed 99 IHWG cells to map the coordinates of the homozygous tracts at a fine scale. The mean homozygous tract length within chromosome 6 from these individuals is 21 Mbp. Within HLA, the mean haplotype length is 4.3 Mbp, and 65 % of the cell lines were shown to be homozygous throughout the entire region. In addition, four cell lines are homozygous throughout the complex KIR region of chromosome 19 (~250 kbp). The data we describe will provide a valuable resource for characterizing haplotypes, designing and refining imputation algorithms and developing assay controls.
Herpes Simplex Virus Transactivator VP16 Discriminates between HCF-1 and a Novel Family Member, HCF-2

Herpes simplex virus infection is initiated by VP16, a viral transcription factor that activates the viral immediate-early (IE) genes. VP16 does not recognize the IE gene promoters directly but instead forms a multiprotein complex with Oct-1 and HCF-1, a ubiquitous nuclear protein required for progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The functional significance of recruiting HCF-1 to the VP16-induced complex is not understood. Here we describe the identification of a second HCF-like protein, designated HCF-2. HCF-2 is smaller than HCF-1 but shares three regions of strong amino acid sequence homology, including the b-propeller domain required for association with VP16. HCF-2 is expressed in many tissues, especially the testis, and shows a more dynamic pattern of subcellular localization than HCF-1. Although HCF-2 associates with VP16 and can support complex assembly with Oct-1 and DNA, it is significantly less efficient than HCF-1. A similar preference is shown by LZIP, a cellular counterpart of VP16. Analysis of chimeric proteins showed that differences between the fifth and sixth kelch repeats of the b-propeller domains from HCF-1 and HCF-2 dictate this selectivity. These results reveal an unexpected level of specificity in the recruitment of HCF-1 to the VP16-induced complex, paralleling the preferential selection of Oct-1 rather than the closely related POU domain protein Oct-2. Implications for regulation of the viral life cycle are discussed.
On Black Boxes and Storytellers: Lessons Learned in Human Genetics*

Like so many before me, I stand here expressing gratitude for the opportunity to serve as your president during the past nine months. It is a great honor, of course, but, more than that, it is also the privilege of a career for one who has never wanted anything more than to belong to the community of human genetics. I will have much to say this afternoon about the nature of this community, both for me as an individual and for us as investigators, scholars, and educators who have chosen to spend our professional lives as part of this community. I have learned many lessons from human genetics and would like to highlight several of these this afternoon, as well as to offer you a challenge for our future.
Intratesticular and intraepididymal injections to sterilize male cats From calcium chloride to zinc gluconate and beyond

Aim and rationale:The aim of intratesticular and intraepididymal injections is to provide an inexpensive non-surgical method for sterilizing tom cats. Intratesticular and intraepididymal injections...
Inclusion of a portion of the native SNCA 3′UTR reduces toxicity of human S129A SNCA on striatal-projecting dopamine neurons in rat substantia Nigra

Experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD) created by aberrant expression of the alpha-synuclein (SNCA) coding region have been reported. However, noncoding regions function in normal physiology and recent in vitro studies have shown that microRNAs-7 and -153 regulate SNCA expression by binding the 3'UTR. Here, effects of different hSNCA forms were examined in vivo. Adult, male rats were injected into one substantia nigra (SN) with AAV-wtSNCA, AAV-S129A hSNCA, or AAV-S129D hSNCA either with or without a portion of the native 3'UTR. DA neurons in SN that maintained striatal (ST) projections at the end of treatment were retrogradely labeled by bilateral ST fluorogold (FG) injections and FG-positive DA neurons in SN were counted. At 5 weeks, hSNCA coding vectors reduced numbers of FG-positive neurons in injected SN compared with uninjected SN (wtSNCA, p = 0.05; S129A/D hSNCA, p = 0.01). At 7 and 9 weeks, wtSNCA- and S129D hSNCA-treated rats exhibited recovery, but S129A hSNCA-injected rats did not (p = 0.01). In contrast, numbers of FG-positive neurons were unaffected by hSNCA expression when the 3'UTR was included. When FG-positive neurons were expressed as the ratio of numbers in injected to uninjected sides, the S129A hSNCA coding vector resulted in the highest decrease at 9 weeks versus wtSNCA (p = 0.05) or S129D hSNCA (p = 0.01). Inclusion of the 3'UTR resulted in no significant differences in FG-positive neuron ratios. These data suggest that inclusion of the 3'UTR protects against S129A hSNCA-induced loss of nigrostriatal-projecting DA neurons in vivo and that mis-regulation of hSNCA expression and function at noncoding regions contribute to PD pathogenesis.
Recent advances in modeling of laser propagation through the earth's atmosphere

Recently, new theory governing laser beam scintillation was developed for all regimes of optical turbulence. This theory is based on the Rytov approximation but modified with a filter function that eliminates intermediate scale sizes that do not contribute to the refractive and diffractive effects of propagation. This modification extends the validity of the Rytov approximation into moderate to strong regimes as is evident by the agreement with experimental data. In this paper this scintillation theory is summarized and new expressions governing phase fluctuations are presented. The phase structure function is then compared with previous experimental data.
On the Theory of the Equilibrium Range in the Spectrum of Wind-Generated Gravity Waves

Abstract It is shown that an exact analog of Kolmogoroff's spectrum in a random field of weekly nonlinear surface gravity waves gives a spectral form for frequency spectra S(ω) ∼ ω−4 in close agreement with the results of recent observational studies. The proposed theory also indicates the existence of a “transitional” range of wavenumbers (frequencies) where the deviation from Kolmogoroff's equilibrium is due to gravitational instability (wave breaking). Because of this it is suggested dot the equilibrium form for the spectrum of wind-generated waves has two asymptotic regimes: Kolmogoroff's and Philips' type of equilibrium with a relatively rapid transition from the first to the second. The experiments data favor such an interpretation.
Diiron Dithiolato Carbonyls Related to the HoxCO State of [FeFe]-Hydrogenase

Oxidation of the electron-rich (E1/2 = −175 vs Ag/AgCl) ethanedithiolato complex Fe2(S2C2H4)(CO)2(dppv)2 (1) under a CO atmosphere yielded [Fe2(S2C2H4)(μ-CO)(CO)2(dppv)2]+ ([1(CO)]+), a model for the HoxCO state of the [FeFe]-hydrogenases. This complex exists as two isomers: a kinetically favored unsymmetrical derivative, unsym-[1(CO)]+, and a thermodynamically favored isomer, sym-[1(CO)]+, wherein both diphosphines span apical and basal sites. Crystallographic characterization of sym-[1(CO)]+ confirmed a C2-symmetric structure with a bridging CO ligand and an elongated Fe−Fe bond of 2.7012(14) A, as predicted previously. Oxidation of sym-[1(CO)]+ and unsym-[1(CO)]+ again by 1e− oxidation afforded the respective diamagnetic diferrous derivatives where the relative stabilities of the sym and unsym isomers are reversed. DFT calculations indicate that the stabilities of sym and unsym isomers are affected differently by the oxidation state of the diiron unit: the mutually trans CO ligands in the sym isomer ar...
Lithofacies Prediction in Clastic Deep Water Reservoirs

Summary We use core and log relationships to systematically predict deep water lithofacies from seismic derivative volumes. We exploit seismic inversions that solve for Vshale and porosity simultaneously, the two key components that are needed to predict lithofacies. Fluid contacts and anisotropy are accounted for in the inversion, and the low frequency models that are used to invert for Vshale and porosity are based on geologic data and interpretation. The low frequency information plays a significant role in obtaining accurate lithofacies predictions. The lithofacies predictions allow us to identify areas that have high concentration turbidites, low concentration turbidites, poorly sorted traction beds, and shales within the reservoir. The lithofacies predictions have provided a basis for modifying geologic concepts and interpretations and they have enhanced the understanding of channel architecture, environment of deposition, and reservoir connectivity.
The relationship between fears and anxiety: a further study.

Abstract Although theoretically distinct, fears and generalized anxiety appear to be highly interrelated. Cooke (1966) found that desensitization therapy led to a greater reduction in reported fears among high anxious Ss than among the low anxious Ss undergoing treatment for phobias. Suinn (1968) noted that reductions in overall fears accompanied decreases in anxiety in students treated for test anxiety. Lang and Lazovik (1963), and Grossberg and Wilson (1965) reported significant positive correlations between scores on the Fear Survey Schedule and the Manifest Anxiety Scale (1953). Similar results led Geer (1965) to conclude that “fears contribute substantially to general anxiety”. In a similar vein, Suinn (1965) found high relationships between experiences of generalized anxiety and specific situational anxiety. He speculated that Ss who “respond with anxiety to a specific cue or setting (such as examinations) are likely to respond in a similar manner to differing, nonrelated cues or settings” (p. 318). This study was conducted to determine whether the association between fears and generalized anxiety also occurs with the more specific, test-taking anxiety. If the tendency to react fearfully to objects also predisposes the individual to react with anxiety in other settings, then measures of fears should be positively associated with measures of test anxiety.
Availability of content information does not improve performance on computerized case simulations.

Abstract Background: A previous study evaluated repeated, serial administrations of computer-based simulations. The data demonstrated an increase in scores across rotations during the academic year, but no difference between scores in successive years. Methods: The initial study only indirectly assessed the effect of information sharing on measured performance. To directly assess the effect of information transfer, 8 computer-based case simulations were administered over 2 consecutive years to 220 third-year students at the conclusion of 12 surgical clerkship rotations (6 per year). During the second year of administration information regarding content area, in the form of the case stem or introductory lead-in material, was provided to each rotation of students prior to the examination based on a sequential algorithm. Results: The data demonstrate no increase in overall mean score for the examination over the 2 years. Scores were significantly different for 2 of the 8 cases, increasing in the one and decreasing in the other. Conclusions: The data demonstrate no evidence that prior knowledge of content area influences the scores of successive classes on computerized models of performance assessment.
H.236+ I-frame coding with a hybrid DCT/wavelet transform

A low bit rates, the bit budget for I-frame coding in H.263+ can be too high to be practical. A hybrid DCT/wavelet transform based I-frame coding is proposed in this work as a solution to the rate control problem. This new coder is compatible with the H.263+ bit stream syntax, and aims at an R-D optimized performance with a reasonable amount of computational complexity. By employing fast estimation of the coding efficiency with a rate- distortion model and performing an R-D based rate allocation, the hybrid coding scheme achieves higher coding gain at low bit rates.
Stabilization of actinides and lanthanides in high oxidation states

Abstract The stabilization of actinides and lanthanides in unusually high oxidation states can be rationalized on the basis of the interplay of crystal-lattice, acid-base, charge, size and redox factors. In this paper we apply arguments based on such influences to selected high-valent actinide and/or lanthanide compounds. Two new structural studies of the incorporation of f-element cations into the important perovskite structure are briefly discussed. Recently developed superoxidizer-superacid techniques which hold great promise for synthesis of new high-valent f-element fluorides are also mentioned.
Removal of endogenous iron, manganese and zinc during plant washing

Abstract The influence of plant washing on removal of endogenous Fe, Mn and Zn from tops of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), species with vastly different leaf types, was studied. The two species were grown in separate randomized block experiments under greenhouse conditions in soil with 0, 0.5 or 2.0 mg FeEDDHA‐Fe/kg. The resultant plant tops contained different concentrations of Fe, Zn and especially Mn. Randomly selected plants with different antecedent Fe treatments were subjected, prior to analysis for Fe, Mn and Zn, to the following treatments: (a) no washing; (b) 10‐s wash in deionized water; and (c) washing in tap water containing detergent followed by four rinses in deionized water (immersion time approximately 150 s). Neither washing treatment affected the determination of Mn, an element reportedly easily leached from plants. Washing had no effect on the determination of Zn in flax, but slightly reduced Zn in soybean. Washing had little effect on Fe level in flax...
A group contribution and equation of state approach for coal fluid calorimetric properties

Abstract This work examines the relationship between the calorimetric properties of coal fluids and their molecular functional group composition. A set of functional groups appropriate for the characterization of the coal fluids is proposed. Coal fluid samples that have had their calorimetric properties measured have been characterized using proton n.m.r., i.r. and elemental analysis. These characterizations are then used in a chemical structural model to determine the composition of the coal liquid in terms of the proposed functional groups. These functional group concentrations are used to estimate the ideal gas calorimetric properties of the fluid using Benson's method. The residual calorimetric properties are then determined using an existing equation of state methodology. The result of the combination of characterization and correlation demonstrates a significant improvement over the existing equation of state based, properties estimation system.
Peritoneal and splenic B-1 cells are separable by phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic characteristics

B-1 cells constitute a distinct B cell population with unique phenotypic and functional characteristics. Although the origin of B-1 cells remains controversial, B-1 cells in different locations are generally considered to be part of the same pool. To determine the validity of this assumption, we examined peritoneal and splenic B-1 cells isolated by flow cytometric cell sorting from normal mice for several features. We found that splenic B-1 cells differ from peritoneal B-1 cells in terms of surface antigen expression, viability ex vivo, immunoglobulin secretion in vitro, stimulated cell cycle progression, and expression of Notch family, Notch-dependent, and Notch-associated genes. These results indicate that splenic and peritoneal B-1 cells are not the same and thus dispute the notion that B-1 cells are uniform, and may suggest that different subpopulations of B-1 cells arise separately, home individually, and/or are heavily influenced by local environmental factors.
Nonlinear Schrödinger-Equation Model of The Oscillating Two-Stream Instability.

This one-dimensional model exhibits a strong spatial collapse of the electric field when the self-consistent pump amplitude is held constant. The linear instability saturates if one allows for the self-consistent modification of the pump due to nonlinearities. The saturated state is characterized by relaxation oscillations and spatially localized electric fields of finite amplitude.
Proton NMR studies of myohemerythrin from Themiste zostericola

One- and two-dimensional NMR experiments have been carried out on different forms of myohemerythrin (MHr), a monomeric 13.9-kDa oxygen carrier, focusing on paramagnetically shifted proton resonances. Compared to the corresponding forms of octameric hemerythrin (Hr), all of the MHr forms exhibit spectra with better resolution and signal-to-noise ratios. The metMHr spectra allow the differentiation of the signals from the Nδ-H protons of the five Ne-coordinated His ligands and those from the bridging Asp and Glu ligands. The 1D spectra of deoxyMHr exhibit a number of relatively sharp features including three solvent-exchangeable peaks that account for five protons. One of these His N-H protons exchanges more slowly with solvent than the other four and is assigned to His 54, which, by analogy to the crystal structure of deoxyHr, is the only His ligand that is hydrogen-bonded to an amino acid residue, Glu24 in this case. One-dimensional NOE results on the non-exchangeable signals clearly show the connectivities among the α and β protons of the bridging Asp111, and the α, β, and γ protons of the bridging Glu58 ligands. One-dimensional NOE experiments performed on the N-H proton signals of the coordinated His ligands, together with the COSY results, help to identify the geminal β protons of the His ligands. Upon the binding of N3 – to one of the Fe(II) sites in deoxyMHr, the overlapping His Nδ-H proton signals observed in the deoxyMHr spectrum are resolved into individual signals; these have been correlated to the corresponding signals in deoxyMHr by saturation transfer experiments. Similarly, all five His N-H protons are resolved in the 1H NMR spectrum of the deoxy form of the single point mutant L103N MHr. However, all five N-H protons readily exchange with solvent, indicating that the mutation affects the hydrogen-bonding interaction between His54 and Glu24.
Transcending the nativeness paradigm

This study suggests that identity-formation is related to the social process of identity-assignation in the mother tongue context. The case studies of four English speakers are summarized in this study. The four English speakers, who were all born outside the mother tongue context, bend categories in various ways. This uncovers the ways in which mother tongue speakers situate other English users and how such social attitudes help shape the identities of those users. The findings support the contention that nativeness and nonnativeness among English users constitute non-elective socially constructed identities rather than linguistic categories.
Neurobehavioural basis for the pharmacotherapy of alcoholism: current and future directions.

Results from studies of pharmacotherapies for primary alcoholism are reviewed, including selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (e.g. fluoxetine), opiate antagonists (e.g. naltrexone) and dopamine agonists (e.g. bromocriptine). Because there is considerable co-morbidity between alcohol dependence, anxiety, and affective disorders, results from studies of medications used to treat these psychiatric disorders are also reviewed, including the 5-HT agonist buspirone and the noradrenergic agent desipramine. The neurobehavioural model of alcohol dependence implies that combinations of medications may lead to more effective treatment; thus, identifying subtypes of alcoholic patients will be important in determining which therapies or combinations of therapy will be most effective in treating alcohol dependence. For example, in an ongoing study, we are attempting to subtype an alcoholic population for treatment selection by measuring endogenous opioid activity. Because endogenous opioids are involved in analgesia, we exposed male and female subjects with alcoholism [some of whom had post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)] to cold-induced pain and measured their response before and after administration of naloxone or placebo. The naloxonc injection reduced pain response. In addition, women who have PTSD arc much more sensitive to stress, which may be related to levels of brain opioid activity.
Light stabilization of polymers using opaque pigments

The ultraviolet light screening characteristics of monodisperse and polydisperse opaque spherical pigment particles are examined in the nonreflection limit. The screening capability for polydisperse particle size distributions is most uniquely described in terms of the area-average radius. The light screening is related to the pigment's area-average radius and volume fraction loading. Light intensity as a function of depth is stated for systems containing an opaque pigment and a soluble UV light absorber.
Validation of GOSSYM: Part II. Mississippi conditions☆

Abstract Validation of the cotton simulation model GOSSYM was carried out with data collected from two locations during three different years in Mississippi to: (1) identify areas of the model which need to be improved to provide a universal cotton simulation model, (2) develop versions of GOSSYM with site-dependent or cultivar-dependent parameters as necessary for immediate use. Equations to calculate canopy temperatures were developed from data collected at Mississippi State Plant Science Farm, and carbohydrate partitioning logic was changed in the model giving high priority for bolls under carbohydrate stress conditions. The GOSSYM simulations were very close to real data collected during two different seasons at Mississippi State. For validating GOSSYM with data from Stoneville, Mississippi, we incorporated lygus damage into the simulated crop to give a realistic comparison with the real crop. We believe the data support a lygus population in the field plots of sufficient numbers to cause damage equal to the fruit loss we put into the simulation. Changes during this validation and the reasons for them are discussed.
The Extent and Nature of Alcohol-Related Problems in Public Senior Housing

Abstract To examine both the extent and nature of alcohol-related problems in senior housing and how management responds to these problems, 100 local housing authorities (LHAs) in Connecticut with responsibility for senior housing were surveyed. The response rate was 90%. Results indicated variability among LHAs regarding their experiences with alcohol misuse among residents. It was evident in the numbers of residents abusing alcohol, the procedures for addressing problems when they occur, and LHAs' assessment of the extent and seriousness of problems. Few LHAs had either staff training regarding alcohol abuse or policies to address alcohol-related problems. Conclusions concerning whether alcohol-related problems were widespread in public senior housing were related to the size of the LHA. Housing specialists, public policymakers, and educators should assist management personnel in developing policies and procedures regarding misuse of alcohol. In addition, resources should be directed to educate housing ...
EFFECTS OF PUBLIC TRANSIT POLICIES ON TAXI DRIVERS' WAGES

We investigate the effects of two public transit policies, subsidization and privatization, on the wages of taxi drivers. In theory, transit operating subsidies benefit transit firms at the expense of the taxi industry and its employees. By contrast, the privatization policy of contractingout transit service to lower cost private providers is potentially beneficial to taxi firms and their drivers. Estimated wage equations confirm that transit operating subsidies have negatively affected taxi driver wages even as they have bolstered transit drivers’ wages. Transit privatization has had the predicted positive effect on taxi driver wages, all else held constant. These results suggest that a more accurate assessment of the effect of transit operating subsidies on labor costs must encompass their net effects on the labor costs of the entire urban transportation sector, not just the public transit industry.
Design of Ball Wheel Mechanisms for Omnidirectional Vehicles With Full Mobility and Invariant Kinematics

A new ball wheel design for fully mobile omnidirectional vehicles is presented. This ball wheel mechanism yields a unique vehicle design that is not only omnidirectional with no kinematic singularity but is configuration-invariant in kinematic behavior. Invariant kinematics greatly simplifies the control of smooth and precise vehicle motion. Multiple displacement sensors are easily incorporated into each ball wheel mechanism to enhance the accuracy of vehicle motion control. Two fundamental requirements of functioning ball wheel designs are established: one is the translational form closure requirement for holding a spherical tire, and the other is the non-overconstraint requirement to allow each ball to rotate in two directions. It is proved that a class of mechanisms in which a ball is held by rollers whose axes are fixed directly to the vehicle chassis cannot satisfy the fundamental requirements. A class of modified mechanisms are then analyzed and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the modified mechanisms the fundamental requirements are obtained. For this class of ball wheels (Class 1), conditions for configuration-invariant kinematics are found and two possible actuation schemes are discussed. Two prototype vehicles have been built: both have three Class 1 ball wheels but each uses a different actuation scheme. Performance data of the two prototypes are compared. Both achieve smooth motion and precise dead reckoning.
Culturally Relevant Nutrition Education Improves Dietary Quality Among WIC-Eligible Vietnamese Immigrants

Abstract Objective To provide culturally appropriate nutrition education to improve the diets of Vietnamese women. Design A total of 152 homemakers were recruited to participate in a nutrition education project, with 76 receiving the intervention and 76 serving as the control group. Subjects/Setting Non–English-speaking women eligible for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) with incomes below 185% of the poverty level living in 5 California counties. Intervention Bicultural, bilingual Vietnamese-American nutrition education assistants taught 5 to 7 lessons in the Vietnamese language using nutrition education materials written in the Vietnamese language by 2 bilingual, bicultural nutritionists. Main Outcome Measures Twenty-four-hour food recalls were obtained before and after the 8-week interval on the treatment and control groups. Statistical Analysis To examine if there were changes over time in nutrient intake and nutrient density within groups, matched pair t tests were done. Analysis of covariance techniques determined differences between groups. McNemar tests determined if, within groups, there were changes over time in food groups consumed. Chi-square techniques determined changes between groups. Results Over time, the number of treatment group participants who had at least one serving from each food group ( P P 6 ( P P Implications With training, bilingual, bicultural women can effectively deliver culturally relevant nutrition education to their peers.
Heat of complex formation of Al(III) and Cd(II) with phytic acid. IX.

Abstract The interactions of Cd(II) and Al(III) with phytic acid to form both soluble and insoluble complexes have been studied by calorimetry. The reactions were examined at metal ion: phytate mol ratios ranging from 1–6 in the case of Cd(II) and 1 and 4 in the instance of Al(III). The heats of reactions were endothermic within these mol ratios. The enthalpies of soluble complex formation of Cd(II) are compared to those of other divalent metal cations that were studied under similar conditions. Based on the enthalpies, it is suggested that the order of combining affinity of these metal cations for phytic acid is Cu(II) > = Zn(II) > Mn(II) > Mg(II) > Co(II) > Ni(II) The heats of precipitations (which includes binding, solvation changes, etc.) to form the insoluble Cd(II)- and Al(III)-phytate complexes were determined. The reactions were endothermic and had enthalpies of 20.2 and 28.7 kcal mol −1 , respectively. From measurements of the Cd(II) and Al(III) concentrations, it was calculated that 5.4 mol Cd(II) and 4 mol Al(III) bind per mol of precipitated phytate. Al(III) only formed soluble complexes with phytic acid at mol ratios of metal cation:phytate of 1. This reaction was markedly slower, at least as judged by the thermal decay curves, and had an enthalpy considerably larger in magnitude (6–17-fold) than those of all of the divalent cation-phytate reactions thus far investigated in this manner.
De novo activation of the transposable element Tam2 of Antirrhinum majus

The nivea locus of Antirrhinum majus encodes the enzyme chalcone synthase required for the synthesis of red anthocyanin pigment. The stable allele niv-44 contains an insertion in the nivea gene (Tam2) which has all the structural features of a transposable element. We have shown that this insertion can excise from the nivea locus when niv-44 is combined with another allele (niv-99) in a heterozygote. Activation of Tam2 excision is caused by a factor tightly linked to the niv-99 allele and may be due to complementation between Tam2 and a related element, Tam1. Factors which repress the excision of Tam2 and Tam1 are also described. Repression is not inherited in a simple mendelian way. Many stable mutations may be due to the insertion of transposable elements. Our data suggest that their stability may be due to the absence in the genome of activating factors and to the presence of repressors.
Use of cosmogenic 35S for comparing ages of water from three alpine–subalpine basins in the Colorado Front Range

Abstract High-elevation basins in Colorado are a major source of water for the central and western United States; however, acidic deposition may affect the quality of this water. Water that is retained in a basin for a longer period of time may be less impacted by acidic deposition. Sulfur-35 ( 35 S ), a short-lived isotope of sulfur ( t 1/2 =87 days), is useful for studying short-time scale hydrologic processes in basins where biological influences and water/rock interactions are minimal. When sulfate response in a basin is conservative, the age of water may be assumed to be that of the dissolved sulfate in it. Three alpine–subalpine basins on granitic terrain in Colorado were investigated to determine the influence of basin morphology on the residence time of water in the basins. Fern and Spruce Creek basins are glaciated and accumulate deep snowpacks during the winter. These basins have hydrologic and chemical characteristics typical of systems with rapid hydrologic response times. The age of sulfate leaving these basins, determined from the activity of 35 S , averages around 200 days. In contrast, Boulder Brook basin has broad, gentle slopes and an extensive cover of surficial debris. Its area above treeline, about one-half of the basin, is blown free of snow during the winter. Variations in flow and solute concentrations in Boulder Brook are quite small compared to Fern and Spruce Creeks. After peak snowmelt, sulfate in Boulder Brook is about 200 days older than sulfate in Fern and Spruce Creeks. This indicates a substantial source of older sulfate (lacking 35 S ) that is probably provided from water stored in pore spaces of surficial debris in Boulder Brook basin.
Anesthetic antagonism of the effects of high hydrostatic pressure on locomotory activity of the brine shrimp Artemia

Abstract 1. 1. The locomotory activity of small groups of brine shrimp ( Artemia salina ) was studied under conditions of high hydrostatic pressure, varying temperatures and exposure to several gaseous anesthetics. 2. 2. Both compression and exposure to anesthesia reduced the animal's swimming activity, while temperature increased or decreased activity as it was raised or lowered from ambient. 3. 3. The effect of the anesthetics was less during periods of simultaneous exposure to high hydrostatic pressure. 4. 4. It is concluded that pressure antagonism of anesthesia is demonstrable in invertebrate organisms and may represent a fundamental interaction of these parameters in biological systems.
Molecular reorientation dynamics and microscopic friction in liquids

Abstract Molecular rotation reorientation times are investigated using time resolved fluorescence depolarization studies of three solutes of similar size and shape (nile red, neutral nile blue and cationic nile blue) dissolved in alcohol and alkane solvents as well as an extensive compilation of previous results for neautral and charged solutes dissolved in non-polar, polar and associated solvents. A universal correlation is foung between reorientation time, solvent viscosity, and solute volume for solutes dissolved in alkanes, while strongly interacting solutes experience relatively enhanced friction, and non-polar solutes dissolved in alcohols experience reduced friction. The results are compared and contrasted with slip and stick hydrodynamic predictions, and used to develop empirical correlations, which can be used to predict molecular reorientation times with an uncetainty on the order of a factor of two in virtually any solute-solvent system.
Flexural Behavior of Full-Scale Composite Structural Insulated Floor Panels

Panelized systems are prefabricated components that are brought to a construction site and assembled into the finished structure. Traditional constructions are often subjected to termite attack, mold buildups and have poor penetration resistance against wind-borne debris. To overcome these problems, a new type of composite structural insulated panel (CSIP) was developed and is analyzed in this study for structural floor applications. The concept of the panel is based on the theory of sandwich construction. The proposed composite panel is made of low cost orthotropic thermoplastic glass/polypropylene (glass–PP) laminate as a facesheet and expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) as a core. Full scale experimental testing was conducted to study the flexural behavior of the CSIP floor member. CSIP floor panels failed due to facesheet/core debonding. Analytical modeling was further presented to predict the interfacial tensile stress at the core/facesheet interface, critical wrinkling stress, flexural strength and defl...
The core model for sequences of measures. I

The model K() presented in this paper is a new inner model of ZFC which can contain measurable cardinals of high order. Like the model L() of [14], from which it is derived, K() is constructed from a sequence of filters such that K() satisfies for each (α, β) e domain () that (α,β) is a measure of order β on α and the only measures in K() are the measures (α,β). Furthermore K(), like L(), has many of the basic properties of L: the GCH and ⃟ hold and there is a definable well ordering which is on the reals. The model K() is derived from L() by using techniques of Dodd and Jensen [2–5] to build in absoluteness for measurability and related properties.
Defining the computational structure of the motion detector in Drosophila

Many animals rely on visual motion detection for survival. Motion information is extracted from spatiotemporal intensity patterns on the retina, a paradigmatic neural computation. A phenomenological model, the Hassenstein-Reichardt correlator (HRC), relates visual inputs to neural activity and behavioral responses to motion, but the circuits that implement this computation remain unknown. By using cell-type specific genetic silencing, minimal motion stimuli, and in vivo calcium imaging, we examine two critical HRC inputs. These two pathways respond preferentially to light and dark moving edges. We demonstrate that these pathways perform overlapping but complementary subsets of the computations underlying the HRC. A numerical model implementing differential weighting of these operations displays the observed edge preferences. Intriguingly, these pathways are distinguished by their sensitivities to a stimulus correlation that corresponds to an illusory percept, "reverse phi," that affects many species. Thus, this computational architecture may be widely used to achieve edge selectivity in motion detection.
Muscarinic mediation of the biphasic temperature response to intrahypothalamic injections of carbachol in the cat.

On a examine la nature du changement biphasique de la temperature rectale produit par une injection de carbamylcholine dans l'hypothalamus du chat. Les phases d'augmentation et de diminution de la reponse ont ete causees par des recepteurs hypothalamiques muscariniques.
Uncomplicated depression is normal sadness, not depressive disorder: further evidence from the NESARC.

We write to update the results of our recent paper (1) suggesting that uncomplicated depressive episodes are not in fact disorders and should be excluded from the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). We also address some concerns expressed about our claims. The concept of “uncomplicated depression” is essentially a generalization to all stressors of the “bereavement exclusion” that appeared in DSM-IV (and was eliminated in DSM-5). Uncomplicated depression is defined as a response to a stressor that satisfies current DSM-5 five-symptoms-for-two-weeks criteria for MDD but is better explainable as a normal distress response, as evidenced by the fact that it lasts no longer than six months and does not include any of the following pathosuggestive symptoms: marked functional impairment, morbid preoccupation with worthlessness, suicidal ideation, psychotic symptoms, and psychomotor retardation. Uncomplicated episodes thus contain only depressive symptoms common in general distress reactions (e.g., sadness, moderate withdrawal or role impairment, decreased interest in usual activities, insomnia, decreased appetite, difficulty concentrating, fatigue).