cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variability in the saccharide, protein, phenolic acid and saponin contents of four market classes of edible dry beans.

The content and composition of the saccharides, protein and amino acids, phenolic acids, and saponins of four market classes (navy, dark red kidney, pinto and Black Turtle Soup) of edible dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) were determined. These compounds are potential precursors of flavour development in the processed beans and may contribute to the unique flavour characteristics of the various bean classes. The contents of sucrose and stachyose were significantly different (P < 0.05) for the four bean classes and ranged from 2.63 to 4.80 g per 100 g and 2–81 to 4–21 g per 100 g, respectively. Total nitrogen contents ranged from 3–92 to 4–71 g N per 100 g and were significantly different. The distribution of the amino acids was similar for the four bean classes. Coumaric, ferulic, sinapic and cinnamic acids were identified. The phenolic acid soluble esters were the predominant fraction, with lesser amounts of the free and insoluble phenolic acids. The total saponin contents of the bean classes were similar. Significant (P <0–05) differences in the distribution between the three major saponin components were observed.
Modeling of hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy

A theoretical model of the left ventricle capable of predicting shape and size in relation to the loading and metabolic conditions is presented and applied to the study of hypertension-induced hypertrophy (HIH). Oxygen consumption per gram tissue is imposed as the control parameter. HIH is produced by progressively increasing mean aortic pressure (MAP) on the normo-tensive model. The focus is on the hemodynamic variations that accompany HIH. The model results clearly indicate an increase in wall-thickness-to-diameter ratio of the left ventricle as the MAP is increased, while the cardiac output is constant (concentric hypertrophy). The hemodynamic parameters show an increase in stroke volume, stroke work, and global oxygen consumption; a decrease in heart rate and efficiency; and relatively constant mean fiber stress. Hence, regulation of metabolic rates in the myocyte appears to be a basic mechanism that leads to HIH. >
Concurrent fatigue crack growth simulation using extended finite element method

In this paper, a concurrent simulation framework for fatigue crack growth analysis is proposed using a novel small time scale model for fatigue mechanism analysis and the extended finite element method (X-FEM) for fatigue crack growth simulation. The proposed small time scale fatigue model does not require the cycle counting as those using the classical fatigue analysis methods and can be performed concurrently with structural/mechanical analysis. The X-FEM greatly facilitates crack growth simulation without remeshing requirements ahead of the crack tip as in the classical finite element method. The basic concept and theory of X-FEM was briefly introduced and numerical predictions of stress intensity factors are verified with reference solutions under both uniaxial and multiaxial loadings. The small time scale fatigue model is integrated into the numerical simulation algorithm for concurrent fatigue crack growth analysis. Model predictions are compared with available experimental observations for model validation.
Chemical Assay of Phospholipid Renin Preinhibitor in Canine and Human Blood

A phospholipid previously shown to be converted to a lysophospholipid renin inhibitor has been demonstrated in the plasma and red cells of man and the dog. This inhibitor precursor, designated preinhibitor, is chromatographically identical to the compound previously isolated from kidneys of dogs and hogs. A method for its quantitative measurement in plasma and red cells is presented. Normal dogs tested so far have an average of 119.6 µg of preinhibitor phospholipid/ml of blood; 16.3 µg of this is in the plasma. These concentrations are constant (in red cells even increased) 48 hr after bilateral nephrectomy. To assess the physiological importance of preinhibitor, it may be necessary to measure its active lyso derivative as well as the lipase(s) most directly involved in maintaining blood levels of these two phospholipids.
Art of the Ancestors: Antique North American Indian Art

Art of the Ancestors: Antique North American Indian Art. GEORGE E.SHAW, WITH CONTRIBUTIONS BY STEVEN C. BROWN, BENSON L. LANSFORD, and BILL MERCER. Aspen, CO: Aspen Art Museum, 2004. Distributed by the University of New Mexico Press. 179 pp.
Stress differentially induces cationic amino acid transporter gene expression

The amino acid l-arginine plays a central role in several adaptive metabolic pathways and we postulate that regulated L-arginine transport contributes to important physiological responses. The majority of L-arginine flux is mediated by transport system y+ that is encoded by at least three genes, Cat1, Cat2 and Cat3. Cat2 encodes two distinct protein isoforms (CAT2/CAT2a) that differ by 10-fold in their apparent substrate affinity. Cat2 transcription is controlled by four widely spaced promoters. The expression of CAT2/2a transcripts was tested in skeletal muscle and macrophages following specific stresses or activators. Unexpectedly, CAT2a transcripts accumulated in skeletal muscle in response to surgical trauma (hepatectomy and splenectomy) as well as food deprivation, although neither high affinity CAT2 nor CAT1 were detectably altered. Activated macrophages decreased CAT1 levels, but accumulated CAT2 and iNOS mRNA and protein with parallel kinetics suggesting that CAT2 mediated L-arginine transport might regulate the L-arginine:nitric oxide pathway. In macrophages, liver and skeletal muscle, the most distal CAT2 promoter was predominant. No change in promoter usage was apparent under any stress conditions tested nor was alternate splicing of the CAT2 transcript dictated by promoter usage. The differential regulation of the Cat genes indicates their encoded transporter proteins meet different requirements for cationic amino acids in the intact animal.
Beggars of God: The Christian Ideal of Mendicancy

In contemporary Western societies, public begging is associated with economic failure and social opprobrium—the lot of street people. So Christians may be puzzled by the fact that an interpretation of the imitation of Christ in the late Middle Ages elevated religious mendicancy into an ideal form of life. Although voluntary religious begging cannot easily be resurrected as a Christian ideal today, the author argues that a radical attitude and practice of trust, self-abandonment, and acknowledgment of dependence on God can be a Christian ideal in any time and place. To follow this way of life, which the author calls mendicancy in attitude, is to become a beggar of God.
High Surface Area Mo2C and WC Prepared by Alkalide Reduction

α-Mo2C (orthorhombic) and α-WC (hexagonal) nanoparticles have been synthesized by subambient alkalide reduction. The initial products appear to be either amorphous or sub-nanocrystalline. Annealing above 575 and 1100 °C respectively resulted in X-ray crystalline material. The α-Mo2C nanoparticles were found to have an average particle diameter of 3.1 nm by TEM with a narrow, log-normal distribution. Surface areas of as high as 229 m2/g were observed by the BET method. The α-WC nanoparticles were found to have a much broader size distribution with particles ranging from ∼3 to 50 nm. Surface areas were found to be as high as 140 m2/g.
Experimental Model of Gyrate Atrophy in Animals

Intravitreal injection of L-ornithine hydrochloride in physiologic saline solution caused marked edema specifically in the pigment epithelium of Sprague-Dawley strain albino and Evans black hooded rats and rhesus and cynomologus monkeys. Swelling of the pigment epithelial cells, which was most prominent four hours after the injection, disappeared by 24 hours. However, many pigment epithelial cells gradually degenerated resulting in patches of denuded areas. The photoreceptor cells overlying the damaged pigment epithelium degenerated secondarily.
Profiling the indole alkaloids in yohimbe bark with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry†

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/IM-QTOF-MS) method was developed for profiling the indole alkaloids in yohimbe bark. Many indole alkaloids with the yohimbine or ajmalicine core structure, plus methylated, oxidized and reduced species, were characterized. Common fragments and mass differences are described. It was shown that the use of IMS could provide another molecular descriptor, i.e. molecular shape by rotationally averaged collision cross-section; this is of great value for identification of constituents when reference materials are usually not available. Using the combination of high resolution (~40000) accurate mass measurement with time-aligned parallel (TAP) fragmentation, MS(E) (where E represents collision energy), ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMS) and UPLC chromatography, a total 55 indole alkaloids were characterized and a few new indole alkaloids are reported for the first time.
Shark scavenging behavior in the presence of competition

The distribution of organisms within a community can often be determined by the degree of plasticity or degree of specialization of resource acquisition. Resource acquisition is often based on the morphology of an organism, behavior, or a com- bination of both. Performance tests of feeding can identify the possible interactions that allow one species to better exploit a prey item. Scavenging behaviors in the presence or absence of a competitor were investigated by quantifying prey selection in a tro- phic generalist, spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias, and a trophic specialist, smooth-hounds Mustelus canis, in order to determine if each shark scavenged according to its jaw morphology. The diet of dogfish consists of small fishes, squid, ctenophores, and bi- valves; they are expected to be nonselective predators. Smooth-hounds primarily feed on crustaceans; therefore, they are pre- dicted to select crabs over other prey types. Prey selection was quantified by ranking each prey item according to the order it was consumed. Dietary shifts were analyzed by comparing the percentage of each prey item selected during solitary versus competi- tive scavenging. When scavenging alone, dogfish prefer herring and squid, which are easily handled by the cutting dentition of dogfish. Dogfish shift their diet to include a greater number of prey types when scavenging with a competitor. Smooth-hounds scavenge on squid, herring, and shrimp when alone, but increase the number of crabs in the diet when scavenging competitively. Competition causes smooth-hounds to scavenge according to their jaw morphology and locomotor abilities, which enables them to feed on a specialized resource (Current Zoology 56 (1): 100-108 2010).
The reality of user-centered design

It has been suggested that user-centered design approaches may be the key to matching the development of organizational information systems to a firm's business and work requirements. The information systems literature on this topic centers upon methods to support user-centered system development: such approaches assume that the participation of relevant stakeholders will ensure an appropriate design outcome. The reality of this assumption is examined through an interpretive case study. The project team and system development approach were structured around the use of usercentered design methods, yet the initiative failed because of the poor integration of users' interests. It is concluded that the failure mechanisms observed may be general to most information systems projects: issues more fundamental than the employment of a particular methodology need to be addressed, to achieve user-centered organizational information systems.
Bridging the Gap: African and African American Communication in Historically Black Colleges and Universities

This study stands as a progressive attempt to investigate the intercultural communicative dynamic between African and African American college students enrolled in historically Black colleges and universities. As these two distinct cultures share more of the same space, it becomes increasingly pertinent to evaluate and understand the ways in which perception and stereotype affect intercultural interactions. Utilizing focus group sessions, various cultural nuances and stereotypical perceptions of each culture are candidly discussed. A combination of Hans-Georg Gadamer’s phenomenology and Martin Buber’s dialogue act as the theoretical lenses that organize the invaluable data collected from a focus group discussion. The underlying significance of this study is that the African diaspora created two distinct cultures that currently experience dissonance that may have otherwise not existed.
Is trauma centre care helpful for less severely injured patients

Summary Background: Trauma centres have been shown to reduce the number of preventable deaths from serious injuries. This is due largely to the rapid response of surgeons and health care teams to resuscitate, evaluate, and operate if necessary. Less is known about the effectiveness of trauma centre care on those patients who have not incurred immediate life-threatening problems and may not be as critically injured. The purpose of this study was to review the use of physician and hospital resources for this patient population to determine whether trauma team and trauma centre care is helpful or even needed. Methods: This was a retrospective study of consecutive trauma patients ( n = 1592) admitted from 1998 to 2002 to the trauma service of an urban level I trauma centre and recorded in the hospital trauma registry. Patients were triaged in a tiered response to more or less severely injured. All patients’ care was directed by trauma surgeons. Results: Of the 1592 patients, 398 (25%) received a full trauma team response (Class I), 1194 were less seriously injured (Class II). The ISS for the Class I patients was 19 ± 18 and for Class II patients 10 ± 10. Nineteen percent of Class II patients had an ISS > 15. Overall mortality in Class II patients was 2% including 20 unexpected deaths. Four hundred and three Class II patients (34%) had multisystem injuries. Of the Class II patients 423 (35%) were sent to the ICU or OR from the ED, 106 of whom required an immediate operation and 345 required an operation prior to discharge. Complications developed in 129 patients (11%), the majority of which were pulmonary. Conclusions: A large proportion of those patients thought initially to be less severely injured required resources available in a trauma centre, including specialty care, intensive care, and operating room accessibility. Over one-third of these patients had multisystem injuries and almost 20% were considered major trauma, needing prioritisation of care and expertise ideally found in a trauma centre environment. Complications developed in a sizable number of patients. This patient population, because of its heterogeneity and propensity for critical illness, deserves the resources of a trauma centre.
The role of the nucleus accumbens in knowing when to respond

While knowing what to expect is important, it is equally important to know when to expect it and to respond accordingly. This is apparent even in simple Pavlovian training situations in which animals learn to respond more strongly closer to reward delivery. Here we report that the nucleus accumbens core, an area well-positioned to represent information about the timing of impending rewards, plays a critical role in this timing function.
Empirical estimates of reproductive isolation among the Physa species of South Carolina (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Basommatophora)

Previously published mtDNA sequence data have suggested that an undescribed species of Physa (“Species A”) may inhabit the swamps and ditches in the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain. These snails are characterized by slender shells and dark bodies, but are otherwise similar to the more widely distributed P. pomilia. Mate choice tests revealed significant sexual isolation between Species A and P. pomilia, with homogametic pairings of P. pomilia five times more frequent than heterogametic. A set of no-choice outcross experiments yielded only self-fertilized progeny from the Species A parent and reproductive failure from the pomilia parent, suggesting complete Species A x pomilia hybrid inviability. The third species of Physa inhabiting South Carolina, P. acuta, is more genetically similar to Species A but bears a distinctive penial anatomy. Mate choice tests uncovered no evidence of sexual isolation between Species A and P. acuta, and hybridization occurred readily, with some reduction in parental fecundity but normal F1 viability. Species A acuta F1 hybrids appear, however, to be 100% sterile. Thus, the relationship between the degree of reproductive isolation and genetic divergence seems to be stronger than that between reproductive isolation and penial anatomy in the physid snails of South Carolina. Physa Species A warrants formal description.
Executive Pay Matters: Looking Beyond the CEO to Explore Implications of Pay Disparity on Non-CEO Executive Turnover and Firm Performance

Using a longitudinal data set covering a span of 10 years, we investigate the impact of vertical and horizontal pay disparity on non-CEO executive turnover and subsequent firm performance. Hypothesizing differential responses to pay disparity depending on a non-CEO executive's responsibilities, we first categorize non-CEO executives based on their job demands and their role in the organization (e.g., oversight, divisional). We then explore how pay disparity influences the relationship between executive category and turnover, and how the level of pay disparity impacts the relationship between turnover and firm performance. We find that executive category significantly impacts the likelihood of turnover, and also influences firm performance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
George Herbert Mead and the Paradox of Prediction

Certain ideas which are systematically interrelated and central to the work of George Herbert Mead-concepts such as reflective intelligence, universals, communities of discourse and international-mindedness-have been largely ignored or overlooked by many of his sociological interpreters. The present study explicates and discusses these ideas in an effort to establish: (1) that they are crucial to afuller and more accurate understanding of what Mead had to impart; (2) that the whole of Mead's thought exhibits the characteristics of a potentially self-fulfilling prophecy, as understood in the context of the "paradox of prediction"; (3) and what pragmatic implications this broader interpretation of Mead has for the discipline of sociology.
Beyond the Sagebrush Rebellion: Privatization of Public Lands

Before we begin to discuss federal timber policies we must make several background observations. One, lumber and wood products are an important sector in the U.S. economy. For example, lumber and wood products account for about 14% of the total cost of building a new home. The second this we must realize is that the public ownership of forest lands is about 28% of the total while public ownership of mature timber inventory is 63%. This large gap between land ownership and inventories is due to the fact that very little mature timber has been harvested off the national forests. Since we've essentially run out of private mature virgin timber, we're faced with a situation where the big inventories of mature timber are in the Northwest - where public ownership is greatest.
Root evolution at the base of the lycophyte clade: insights from an Early Devonian lycophyte.

Background and Aims The evolution of complex rooting systems during the Devonian had significant impacts on global terrestrial ecosystems and the evolution of plant body plans. However, detailed understanding of the pathways of root evolution and the architecture of early rooting systems is currently lacking. We describe the architecture and resolve the structural homology of the rooting system of an Early Devonian basal lycophyte. Insights gained from these fossils are used to address lycophyte root evolution and homology. Methods Plant fossils are preserved as carbonaceous compressions at Cottonwood Canyon (Wyoming), in the Lochkovian–Pragian (∼411 Ma; Early Devonian) Beartooth Butte Formation. We analysed 177 rock specimens and documented morphology, cuticular anatomy and structural relationships, as well as stratigraphic position and taphonomic conditions. Key Results The rooting system of the Cottonwood Canyon lycophyte is composed of modified stems that bear fine, dichotomously branching lateral roots. These modified stems, referred to as root-bearing axes, are produced at branching points of the above-ground shoot system. Root-bearing axes preserved in growth position exhibit evidence of positive gravitropism, whereas the lateral roots extend horizontally. Consistent recurrence of these features in successive populations of the plant preserved in situ demonstrates that they represent constitutive structural traits and not opportunistic responses of a flexible developmental programme. Conclusions This is the oldest direct evidence for a rooting system preserved in growth position. These rooting systems, which can be traced to a parent plant, include some of the earliest roots known to date and demonstrate that substantial plant–substrate interactions were under way by Early Devonian time. The morphological relationships between stems, root-bearing axes and roots corroborate evidence that positive gravitropism and root identity were evolutionarily uncoupled in lycophytes, and challenge the hypothesis that roots evolved from branches of the above-ground axial system, suggesting instead that lycophyte roots arose as a novel organ.
Locus of control and cell phone use

A path model examined how locus of control (LoC) is related to cell phone use and behavioral outcomes.Behavioral outcomes include sleep quality, academic performance and subjective well-being.LoC is not related to total daily cell phone use, but to use at inopportune times and circumstances.Greater external LoC: less control of use at bedtime, in class, and while studying.More inopportune use: lower in sleep quality, academic performance and subjective well-being. This study centers on the following hypothesis: that individuals with an external locus of control, in comparison to individuals with an internal locus of control, have less control over their cell phone use (i.e., more likely to use at bedtime; more likely to use in class and while studying) and are consequently more vulnerable to the negative outcomes associated with excessive cell phone use (i.e., poor sleep quality, reduced academic performance, and reduced subjective well-being). Methods: Undergraduate college students (N=516) participated in the study by completing validated surveys assessing their cell phone use, locus of control, sleep quality, academic performance, and subjective well-being. A path model was used to examine how locus of control relates to students' cell phone use and the key outcome variables. Results: The model exhibited reasonable model fit with all paths being statistically significant and in the hypothesized direction. Conclusion: By enabling an individual to better control cell phone use at inopportune times, a greater internal locus of control may mitigate some of the negative outcomes associated with high frequency cell phone use; conversely, an individual with a greater external locus of control may have difficulty controlling use at inopportune times and the negative effects associated with high frequency use may be exacerbated.
Phototropic memories

This paper illustrates the thesis research and process that led me to conceive, design and evaluate the Phototropic Memories device, a novel interface supporting the intimate sharing of personal visual memories over spatial and temporal distance, between two emotionally bound persons.
A Case for Company-Specific Public Disclosure of Corporate Tax Returns

ABSTRACT: Tax returns of both public and private corporations are protected from IRS disclosure by Internal Revenue Code §6103. Historically, most arguments against public disclosure of tax information were aimed at personal returns. This article evaluates arguments both opposing and favoring company-specific public disclosure of corporate tax returns, focusing on public companies and federal government contractors. Among reasons against disclosure are the fear that (1) it will add to, rather than reduce, confusion about corporate accounting and tax practices, (2) compliance will be reduced as companies seek to hide details of their revenue and expenses, and (3) proprietary information, including trade secrets, will be disclosed. Among reasons favoring disclosure are the (1) results of a national survey, (2) improvement of tax compliance, (3) limited value of privacy given that it does not cover disagreements with the IRS that wind up in court, (4) fiduciary responsibility corporations owe to the public, ...
Assessment of the Authenticity of Herbal Dietary Supplements: Comparison of Chemical and DNA Barcoding Methods

About 7 % of the U. S. population reports using botanical dietary supplements. Increased use of such supplements has led to discussions related to their authenticity and quality. Reports of adulteration with substandard materials or pharmaceuticals are of concern because such substitutions, whether inadvertent or deliberate, may reduce the efficacy of specific botanicals or lead to adverse events. Methods for verifying the identity of botanicals include macroscopic and microscopic examinations, chemical analysis, and DNA-based methods including DNA barcoding. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations may fail when a supplement consists of botanicals that have been processed beyond the ability to provide morphological characterizations. Chemical analysis of specific marker compounds encounters problems when these compounds are not distinct to a given species or when purified reference standards are not available. Recent investigations describing DNA barcoding analysis of botanical dietary supplements have raised concerns about the authenticity of the supplements themselves as well as the appropriateness of using DNA barcoding techniques with finished botanical products. We collected 112 market samples of frequently consumed botanical dietary supplements of ginkgo, soy, valerian, yohimbe, and St. Johnʼs wort and analyzed each for specific chemical markers (i.e., flavonol glycosides, total isoflavones, total valerenic acids, yohimbine, and hypericins, respectively). We used traditional DNA barcoding techniques targeting the nuclear ITS2 gene and the chloroplast gene psbA-trnH on the same samples to determine the presence of DNA of the labelled ingredient. We compared the results obtained by both methods to assess the contribution of each in determining the identity of the samples.
Absolute H Atom Density Measurement in Short Pulse Methane Discharge

Atomic hydrogen and methyl radical production resulting from direct electron impact dissociative excitation of CH4 has been measured in pulsed discharge by two-photon laser induced fluorescence (TALIF). The absolute atomic hydrogen density has been obtained by calibrating H atom TALIF signals with near isoenergetic TALIF measurement of krypton ground state atom. For 20 Torr pure methane discharge with 480 ns pulse duration, 4 to 6 kV applied voltage, and 6 to 11.5 mJ input electrical energy yield 10 to 22 x 10 cm hydrogen atoms, i.e., up to 4% dissociation of CH4 is achieved by direct electron impact with 50% energy conversion
The Decrease of Plasma Non-Diffusible Calcium Levels in Starved Laying Hens in Relationship to Shell Deposition and Estrogen,

Abstract INTRODUCTION LAYING hens have a plasma calcium level almost twice that of the non-layer and the increase occurs in the non-diffusible calcium fraction (Benjamin and Hess, 1933; Correll and Hughes, 1933; Laskowski, 1933; and many others). Estrogen increases this bound calcium fraction of birds (McDonald and Riddle, 1945) with concommitant increases in lipids, phospholipids and phosphoprotein (McDonald and Riddle, 1945; Ranney et al., 1951; Schjeide and Urist, 1956; Vanstone et al., 1957). The phosphoprotein has a high calcium binding capacity (McDonald and Riddle, 1945; Schjeide and Urist, 1956). In laying birds, a plasma colloidal calcium inorganic phosphate also appears to be present (Heller et al., 1934; McDonald and Riddle, 1945). Much speculation exists on whether or not the bound calcium that is so markedly increased in the laying hen is a major source of calcium for shell deposition. Conflicting results were obtained in the first studies attempting to correlate changes …
Grain Boundary Migration in Alumina

The sintering process of ceramics involves grain-boundary migration (GBM) that is accompanied by mass transport across an interface. In this study, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has been used to examine grain-boundary migration in alumina bicrystals with liquid films at the interface. EBSD patterns, taken near the sintered interface, have been used to study the effects of crystallography on GBM and to study the orientation relationships within the migrated regions of the crystal. Results indicate that the direction of migration is not always the same as that predicted by the current theories on GBM. It was also found that there may be small-angle misorientations in the migrated regions.
Voltage stability of low frequency AC transmission systems

This paper investigates the voltage stability of a power system with low frequency AC (LFAC) transmission. Under low frequency conditions, transmission line reactance is reduced and thus the voltage drop along the transmission line is decreased. The LFAC system, therefore, is superior to the conventional 60-Hz system in terms of power transfer capability and, more importantly, voltage instability. In other words, the LFAC can drive a power system further away from instability mode in comparison to the conventional 60-Hz system. A power system voltage stability can be quantified and displayed with the eigenvalues of a Jacobian matrix and the self-sensitivity values by using the modal analysis method. In this paper, the theoretical stability of an LFAC system is discussed first and then validated using several transmission system case studies. The simulation and analysis results show that the LFAC system outperforms the conventional 60 Hz system in terms of voltage stability.
Human Rights in the Republic of Ireland

The 1984 New Ireland Forum Report, drawn up by the three main nationalist parties in the Republic of Ireland plus the leading nationalist party in the North, lays responsibility for the discrimination, repression and violence suffered by successive generations in Northern Ireland on the arbitrary division of Ireland by the British parliament in 1920.2 While this assessment is in a narrow sense historically valid, it fails to face up to the nature of the problems which the Sinn Fein government in Dublin would have encountered if its fervently desired outcome of a British handover of the whole of Ireland had been acceded to. Politically, of course, no such outcome was possible given Conservative Party domination of government and parliament in Britain, and their identification with the Protestant majority in the North. Irish politicians may reasonably choose to present an analysis of the current problem of Ireland derived from a nationalist conception of what the British government ought to have done in 1920 which ignores the realities of British party politics at that time; but they are required by that presentation to come to grips with the to-be-expected dread consequences of any British government attempt to put nearly a million Protestant Ulsterman under a Catholic Sinn Fein government in Dublin.
Staff Satisfaction, Ethical Concerns, and Burnout in the New York City Jail Health System:

This article reviewed a program evaluation conducted among correctional health care staff in New York City (NYC) using a 68-question electronic survey to assess satisfaction, attitudes, and beliefs...
The Effects of Sensory Manipulations on Motor Behavior: From Basic Science to Clinical Rehabilitation

Modifying sensory aspects of the learning environment can influence motor behavior. Although the effects of sensory manipulations on motor behavior have been widely studied, there still remains a great deal of variability across the field in terms of how sensory information has been manipulated or applied. Here, the authors briefly review and integrate the literature from each sensory modality to gain a better understanding of how sensory manipulations can best be used to enhance motor behavior. Then, they discuss 2 emerging themes from this literature that are important for translating sensory manipulation research into effective interventions. Finally, the authors provide future research directions that may lead to enhanced efficacy of sensory manipulations for motor learning and rehabilitation.
Neuromonitoring with microdialysis in severe traumatic brain injury patients.

Background: Neuromonitoring with microdialysis has the potential for early detection of metabolic derangements associated with TBI. Methods: 1,260 microdialysis samples from 12 TBI patients were analyzed for glucose, ­lactate, pyruvate, lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR), and lactate/glucose ratio (LGR). Analytes were correlated with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) before surgery and with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at the time of discharge. The patients were divided into two groups for GCS: 3–6 and 7–9, and for GOS 1–3 and 4–5. Chi-squared test was performed for correlations. Results: Glucose, lactate levels, and LGR were high in TBI patients with GCS 3–6 (p < 0.0001). Pyruvate level was lower in patients with GCS 7–9 (p < 0.001). LPR was higher in patients with GCS 3–6 (p < 0.05). High glucose, lactate level (p < 0.001), and LPR (p < 0.01) was observed in patients with GOS 1–3. Pyruvate level was low in patients with GOS 1–3 (p < 0.001). LGR was higher in patient with better outcome (GOS 4–5). Conclusion: After craniotomy extracellular glucose and lactate were good “biomarkers” of cerebral damage in TBI patients. We consider that high extracellular lactate and low glucose is an indicator of severe neurological damage and poor outcome, because of impaired brain metabolism.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION ASSESSED BY CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been established as a valid option for patient with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) deemed ineligible or too high-risk for surgical treatment. The prognostic value of right ventricular (RV) function in this group of patients is
64-P: HEART TRANSPLANT OUTCOME IN RECIPIENT WHO DEVELOPED DONOR SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES (DSA) DE NOVO (CASE REPORT)

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate complement binding activity (CBA) of DSA developed post-transplant in heart recipient. Methods Analysis of anti-HLA antibodies was performed using single antigen bead (SAB) Luminex technology. CBA of DSA was investigated using C1q solid phase assay (One Lambda, Inc). HLA typing was by PCR-SSOP method (One Lambda, Inc). Results Thirty four year old male patient had received a heart transplant with the following mismatched HLAs: A2, 11; B44; DR17, 12; DQB1 ∗ 02:01, DQB1 ∗ 03:01, DRB3 ∗ 01:01 and DQA1 ∗ 05:01. Flow cytometry cross match at the time of transplant was negative, and no DSAs were detected. Eighteen months post-transplant the recipient developed AMR confirmed by positive C4d test. CBA analysis of DSA was performed at this time, and strong reactivity against DQB1 ∗ 02:01 and DQB1 ∗ 03:01 (MFI = 18700 and MFI = 10600, respectively) was detected. AMR rejection was successfully treated with IVIG and plasmapheresis (PP). Subsequent analysis of DSA is presented in Fig. 1. Considerable reduction of DQB1 ∗ 03:01 was observed. In addition, analysis of CBA in three subsequent samples did not detect any C1q binding antibodies. Although strongly reactive DSA against DQB1 ∗ 02:01 (MFI = 12200) are still present, the recipient is clinically doing well. Download full-size image Conclusions This case emphasizes the need for detailed analysis of DSA developed post-transplant. We have found that strongly reactive DSAs DQB1 ∗ 02:01 are not deleterious for graft presumably owing to lack of ability to fix complement.
Cell intrinsic characteristics of human cord blood naïve CD4T cells

It has been generally considered that the perinatal immune system is less inflammatory compared to the adult system and type 2 responses predominate perinatal immune responses against antigens. Indeed, previous studies in mice showed that there are cell-intrinsic differences between neonatal and adult CD4T cells. However, studies on human cord blood and infant blood demonstrated that human perinatal T cells do not produce elevated levels of Th2 cytokines with the exception of IL-13. These data raise the question if human T cells in the perinatal blood fundamentally differ from adult T cells. To decipher differences between human perinatal and adult T cells, we performed a focused comparative analysis on purified naive CD4T cells from umbilical cord blood (UCB) and adult peripheral blood. Our data demonstrate naive CD4T cells from UCB differ from adult naive CD4T cells in surface expression of CD26, dipeptidyl peptidase-4. While only a fraction of effector/memory T cells from adult blood express CD26, practically all T cells from UCB express high levels of CD26. We also determined that Th1/Th2 polarizing conditions induce UCB CD4T cells to produce higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-5 compared to adult CD4T cells, respectively. These data demonstrate intrinsic differences between UCB and adult naive CD4T cells and suggest that human perinatal immune responses involve more complex mechanisms than the previously thought Th2-dominant responses.
Technical limits on colliders for high energy physics

Jack Steinberger knows better than almost anyone that progress in high energy physics depends on a constructive interaction among those who built accelerators and colliders, those who design and build new experimental facilities, and those who make good measurements and interpret them. The only link in this chain to which Jack Steinberger has not personally made contributions is the design and construction of accelerators and colliders, and it is to the future of that topic to which I would like to address some remarks.
Agent-based modelling approach to evaluate the effect of collaboration among scientists in scientific workflows

Automation in science is increasingly marked by the use of workflow systems (eg, Matlab) to facilitate the scientific discovery. The sharing of workflows through publication mechanisms supports the...
The effect of crack wake roughness on the environmentally assisted fatigue behavior of an aerospace Al-alloy in low moisture environments

Abstract The effect of low PH2O environments (pertinent to high altitude flight conditions) on the fatigue crack growth behavior of 7075-T651 were quantified via linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) testing. Real-time compliance based crack monitoring enabled K-shed and constant ΔK testing at various PH2O/f levels to elucidate the mechanical and chemical driving forces that govern the observed behavior. A breakdown in fracture mechanics similitude for constant ΔK, PH20/f, and crack length experiments is observed due to varying levels of crack wake roughness. This behavior is understood based on the rate limiting molecular transport step of the H-environment embrittlement process. Specifically, crack wake roughness will lead to impeded transport in the crack growth direction, this leads to the development of an irregular crack front due to environment enhanced crack extension occurring on the crack flanks where the transport distance is low and slow crack progression at the specimen center. The resulting through thickness gradients in the environmental and mechanical driving forces for crack extension provide the means to understand the breakdown of similitude and variation of the crack growth rates. It is necessary to incorporate this understanding into the data generation protocol for these environment specific da/dN vs. ΔK relationships in order to accurately incorporate environment into LEFM based damage tolerant approaches.
Rapid phenotyping of cancer stem cells using multichannel nanosensor arrays

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to multidrug resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasis, making them prime therapeutic targets. Their ability to differentiate and lose stem cell properties makes them challenging to study. Currently, there is no simple assay that can quickly capture and trace the dynamic phenotypic changes on the CSC surface. Here, we report rapid discrimination of breast CSCs from non-CSCs using a nanoparticle-fluorescent-protein based sensor. This nanosensor was employed to discriminate CSCs from non-CSCs, as well as CSCs that had differentiated in vitro in two breast cancer models. Importantly, the sensor platform could also discriminate CSCs from the bulk population of cells in patient-derived xenografts of human breast cancer. Taken together, the results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of using the nanosensor to phenotype CSCs and monitor their fate. Furthermore, this approach provides a novel area for therapeutic interventions against these challenging targets.
Circuit synthesis of blackbox macromodels from S-parameter representation

This paper explores the circuit synthesis of blackbox macromodels through the use of distributed networks. A lossless transmission-line representation is obtained from the scattering parameter response. The method offers the advantage of generating physical, and nonnegative circuit elements and is relatively easy to implement. The circuit extraction algorithms is studied and tested through the use of simulation to verify the robustness and accuracy of the technique.
Incorporating variance in impact-based search

We present a simple modification to the idea of impact-based search which has proven highly effective for several applications. Impacts measure the average reduction in search space due to propagation after a variable assignment has been committed. Rather than considering the mean reduction only, we consider the idea of incorporating the variance in reduction. Experimental results show that using variance can result in improved search performance.
Evaluation of Patients with Suspected Cardiac Sources of Emboli

The presentation of a patient with an acute arterial embolic event is not only dramatic for the acuity and severity of symptoms; it is also the harbinger of potentially life-threatening disease. Recognition of the many clinical manifestations that can result as emboli travel through the arterial system is the first step in the evaluation for cardiac sources of emboli. While nearly every organ in the body is a potential embolic target, the incidence of clinically apparent embolic events is approximately three times higher in the cerebral circulation than the peripheral circulation. The most common source of cardiac emboli is a left atrial thrombus due to atrial fibrillation, whereas the second most common source is a left ventricular thrombus following an acute myocardial infarction. Other etiologies include endocarditis, cardiac tumors, and aortic atherosclerosis. While a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is the initial imaging test for most patients, transesophageal echocardiography (TTE) has been shown to be superior to TTE at detecting cardiac sources of emboli and is also more cost effective. Once a cardiac source of emboli is identified, management depends on the underlying etiology and patient comorbidities.
Limits on neutrinoless beta beta decay, including that with majoron emission.

Neutrinoless double-\ensuremath{\beta} decay would require two new phenomena, of which one is lepton-number nonconservation. Among several candidates for the other are nonzero neutrino mass and the emission of a Goldstone boson, such as the majoron. For the former possibility our Ge-detector array now sets a limit for the ${0}^{+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${0}^{+}$ transition in $^{76}\mathrm{Ge}$ of ${T}_{1/2}$g5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{23}$ yr from the fluctuation in the background or almost a factor of 2 longer by maximum likelihood at the 68% confidence level (C.L.). For the latter process we have a 90%-C.L. limit of 1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{21}$ yr, a result in disagreement with a recent possible observation of majoron emission.
Reliability of Frequent Retrospective Behavior Ratings for Elementary School Students With EBD

This study is a preliminary examination of the reliability of frequent retrospective teacher behavior ratings. Frequent retrospective behavior ratings are an approach for creating scales that can b...
Implicit biases in visually guided action

For almost half a century dual-stream advocates have vigorously defended the view that there are two functionally specialized cortical streams of visual processing originating in the primary visual cortex: a ventral, perception-related ‘conscious’ stream and a dorsal, action-related ‘unconscious’ stream. They furthermore maintain that the perceptual and memory systems in the ventral stream are relatively shielded from the action system in the dorsal stream. In recent years, this view has come under scrutiny. Evidence points to two overlapping action pathways: a dorso-dorsal pathway that calculates features of the object to be acted on, and a ventro-dorsal pathway that transmits stored information about skilled object use from the ventral stream to the dorso-dorsal pathway. This evidence suggests that stored information may exert significantly more influence on visually guided action than hitherto assumed. I argue that this, in turn, supports the notion of skilled automatic action that is nonetheless agential. My focus here will be on actions influenced by implicit biases (stereotypes/prejudices). Action that is biased in this way, I argue, is in an important sense intentional and agential.
Marxism after communism

Avec apprehension et conviction, l'A. defend le retour du marxisme comme reponse objective, engagee et imaginative au capitalisme contemporain. Apres la chute du communisme, alors que l'economie de marche et la democratie n'ont pas tenu leurs promesses, l'A. propose une reconstruction de la tradition marxiste a partir de la lecture du «Manifeste du Parti communiste» de Marx et Engels.