cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Composable and hygienic typed syntax macros

Syntax extension mechanisms are powerful, but reasoning about syntax extensions can be difficult. Recent work on type-specific languages (TSLs) addressed reasoning about composition, hygiene and typing for extensions introducing new literal forms. We supplement TSLs with typed syntax macros (TSMs), which, unlike TSLs, are explicitly invoked to give meaning to delimited segments of arbitrary syntax. To maintain a typing discipline, we describe two avors of term-level TSMs: synthetic TSMs specify the type of term that they generate, while analytic TSMs can generate terms of arbitrary type, but can only be used in positions where the type is otherwise known. At the level of types, we describe a third avor of TSM that generates a type of a specified kind along with its TSL and show interesting use cases where the two mechanisms operate in concert.
A self‐consistent model of plasma and neutrals at Saturn: Neutral cloud morphology

[1] We present a model of the plasma and neutral environment that treats plasma and neutrals self-consistently, using Voyager plasma and ultraviolet H observations and Hubble Space Telescope OH measurements as constraints. The neutral distributions are determined with a Monte Carlo model, and the plasma distributions are determined with a diffusive transport model including sources and losses. We find a larger percentage of molecular ions than in previous work, that H2O is the dominant neutral near the satellite sources but OH is dominant elsewhere, and that the total H2O source required is 1028 H2O/s, a factor of 3 larger than previously thought. The large amount of water appears to emanate from Enceladus's orbital distance, and the production mechanism remains unclear. We produce density contours for each neutral species and discuss the implications of these results in anticipation of new data from Cassini.
Catheter ablation of accessory atrioventricular pathways in young patients: Use of long vascular sheaths, the transseptal approach and a retrograde left posterior parallel approach

Abstract Objectives . This study retrospectively assesses the technical aspects of the catheter techniques used to ablate 83 accessory atrioventricular (AV) pathways during 88 procedures in 71 pediatric and adult patients (median age 14 years, range 1 month to 55 years). A number of catheter approaches and techniques evolved that may have improved success and shortened procedure times. Background . Radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory AV pathways can be highly successful. However, the technical difficulty of many of the procedures is masked by the success rate. Methods . Left free wall, right free wall and septal accessory pathways were ablated with a variety of approaches. Results . Left free wall pathways were ablated successfully by using a standard retrograde approach through the aortic valve in only 10 (24%) of 43 cases. The remaining 33 (76%) required an approach that was either retrograde through the mitral valve (2 of 33), transseptal (21 of 33) or retrograde where the catheter was advanced behind the posterior mitral leaflet at the point of mitral-aortic continuity, so that the catheter course was parallel rather than perpendicular to the mitral anulus (10 of 33). Nineteen of 20 septal pathways were ablated successfully by using either the parallel approach (2 of 29), a transseptal approach (2 of 19), ablation within the coronary sinus or one of its veins (8 of 19) or ablation on the atrial side of the tricuspid valve (7 of 19). Fifteen of 20 right free wall pathways were ablated successfully with a variety of approaches on both the atrial and the ventricular side of the tricuspid valve. Long vascular sheaths were judged to contribute directly to success in 33 (43%) of 77 pathways. The overall success rate has been 93% (77 of 83 pathways), with 100% success for left free wall (43 of 43), 75% for right free wall (15 of 20) and 95% for septal pathways (19 of 20). Conclusions . Thus, successful ablation of accessory AV pathways in a mixed group of pediatric and adult patients appears to benefit from a wide range of vascular and catheter approaches.
New insight into clinical risk scores for patients with acute coronary syndromes.

See related article on page 811. In line with the pivotal role of risk stratification in the care of patients with non-ST‐ elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS), 1 clinical investigators have devoted substantial effort toward developing tools that enhance the clinician’s quantitative assessment of risk. As a result, multiple clinical risk scores have been described and shown to deliver reasonable to very good prognostic performance. 2‐ 6 Although somewhat varied in their practicality, several of these clinical tools are expressed as simple integer scores that may be used conveniently at the bedside in caring
Chaotic vortex-body interaction

Abstract It is shown, by using the Poincare-Melnikov-Arnold method that the motion of a linear vortex in the flow past a cylindrical body is chaotic. In particular, a vortex can be captured by the body and then, after some complicated rotation near the body, can be lost. More general problems of vortex-body interaction are discussed qualitatively. Possible applications of the theory to the problems of aviacatastrophics and destruction of buildings by tornado are indicated.
Generalization of correct articulation in clusters

Cluster Reduction is purported to be a general phonological process applied by misarticulating children to simplify production of the two consonants in a cluster. In this study the generality of the process was explored in six misarticulating children. The children produced errors on all /s/ and /r/ or /l/ clusters in baseline. In a counterbalanced order three children were trained on /s/ clusters first and /r/ or /l/ clusters second in a multiple baseline design; whereas three children received training on /r/ clusters first and /s/ clusters second. Generalization to other forms of /s/ and /r/ or /l/ clusters was tested throughout training. Results showed that with one exception children generalized to within class clusters but not to across class clusters. It was concluded that if cluster error patterns reflect processes, the processes are not general enough to operate across classes, but rather, are confined to the cluster receiving training.
Secure Power Grid Simulation on Cloud

Power grid (PG) simulation is critical for analysis and verification of power supply noises for robust and reliable integrated circuit (IC) designs. Computational demands to simulate PG for ICs with increasing complexity is never-ending. Cloud computing platforms can be leveraged to mitigate costs associated with making these resources available. However, since simulation data usually contains sensitive design information, simulating on third-party platforms lead to major security concerns. In this paper, we propose a framework for secure PG simulation on Cloud. A transformation algorithm to hide current excitations is presented, while still allowing a majority of computations to be completed on Cloud. We employ multiple compression strategies to significantly reduce communication overheads. Experiments show that our framework can achieve similar turn-around time as an insecure simulator on Cloud, while securing current excitations and output voltage vectors with reasonable communication and computational overheads.
Protesting Too Much in Shakespeare and Elsewhere, and the Invention/Construction of the Mind

AbstractThis article examines a pattern found in a number of early modern plays (mostly Shakespeare's) in which a character is defined, early in the action, as someone who protests too much about something (wives and widows overprotest that they will never remarry, young men and women overprotest their piety or their disdain for love, etc.), and later suddenly changes to the opposite. It then asks how the plays account for this overprotesting and finds that they usually present it as the result, not of conscious hypocrisy, but of the characters’ ignorance of their own inner or real selves. Finally, it asks how this early modern explanation of overprotesting is related to the high modern Freudian unconscious and to the claims made by some postmodern critics that the mind and the conception of the self have undergone a radical change since Shakespeare's day.
STUDIES OF THE INNER AND OUTER PROTOPLASMIC SURFACES OF LARGE PLANT CELLS : II. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE VACUOLAR SURFACE.

The vacuolar surface of Nitella is covered with a non-aqueous film too thin to be visible as a separate membrane. The motion of the protoplasm may subject this film to a good deal of mechanical disturbance. Apparently this does not rupture the film for no dye escapes into the protoplasm as the result of such disturbance when the vacuolar sap is deeply stained with neutral red or brilliant cresyl blue. When the deeply stained central vacuole breaks up into several smaller vacuoles, leaving the outer protoplasmic surface in its normal position, there is no evidence of the escape of dye into the protoplasm through the film surrounding the vacuole.
Thin Film Electronic Properties of Ternary Topological Insulator

Using an ab initio density functional theory (DFT), we study thin film electronic properties of topological insulators (TIs) based on ternary compounds of Tl (thallium) and Bi (bismuth). We consider TlBiX2 (X=Se, Te) and Bi2X2Y (X, Y=Se, Te) compounds. Here we discuss the nature of surface states, their locations in the Brillouin Zone (BZ) and their interactions within the bulk region. Our calculations suggest a critical film thickness to maintain the Dirac cone which is smaller than that in binary Bi-based compounds. Atomic relaxations are found to affect the Dirac cone in some of these compounds. We discuss the penetration depth of surface states into the bulk region.
Niche Networks for New Entrants

How new entrant carriers may use returns to airline networks in competition is discussed. In addition to overall returns to scope and density, there are more localized returns that are based on network shape. A network shape index, which is a measure of airline network concentration based on the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, is described. Airlines have chosen many different shapes as measured by the network shape index, and new entrants tend to be shaped differently from major airlines. A model of new entrant profitability relative to the major airlines is developed. New entrants whose network shape indices are substantially different from the major airlines have niche networks, and the model indicates that niche networks are associated with higher profitability.
The effects of genetic variation in N-acetyltransferases on 4-aminobiphenyl genotoxicity in mouse liver.

Abstract Inbred, congenic and transgenic strains of mice were characterized for acetylation of p -aminobenzoic (PABA) and the carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (4ABP). C57Bl/6 mice have the NAT2*8 allele, A/J mice have NAT2*9 and congenic B6.A mice have NAT2*9 on the C57Bl/6 background. The first transgenic strain with human NAT1 , the functional equivalent of murine NAT2 , was also tested. The murine NAT2*9 allele correlated with a slow phenotype measured with the murine NAT2 selective substrate PABA. The two strains having this allele also had a lower capacity to acetylate 4ABP. A line with five copies of the human NAT1 transgene was bred for at least five generations with either C57Bl/6 or A/J mice. There was no significant change in PABA NAT activity on the C57Bl/6 background but a 2.5-fold increase was seen in hNAT1:A/J compared with A/J. The effect of variation in NATs on 4ABP genotoxicity was assessed in these strains. Twenty-four hours after exposure to a single oral dose of 120 mg 4ABP/kg, hepatic 4ABP-DNA adducts were detected by immunofluoresence in all strains. Nuclear fluorescence intensities (mean±S.D.) were 41.1±3.6 for C57Bl/6, 37.9±1.11 for A/J and 36.3±2.44 for B6.A. There was no correlation between murine NAT2 alleles and 4ABP-DNA adduct levels. Similar results were seen with the transgenic strains. The data indicate that the range of variation present in these strains of mice was insufficient to alter susceptibility to 4ABP genotoxicity. The impact of these relatively modest differences in the acetylation of the activation of 4ABP may be masked by other competing biotransformation reactions since 4ABP is a substrate for both NAT1 and NAT2. Mouse models with variation in both isoforms are needed to adequately assess the role of variation in NATs in susceptibility to 4ABP genotoxicity.
Technology and reliability constrained future copper interconnects. I. Resistance modeling

A realistic assessment of future interconnect performance is addressed, specifically, by modeling copper (Cu) wire effective resistivity in the light of technological and reliability constraints. The scaling-induced rise in resistance in the future may be significantly exacerbated due to an increase in Cu resistivity itself, through both electron surface scattering and the diffusion barrier effect. The impact of these effects on resistivity is modeled under various technological conditions and constraints. These constraints include the interconnect operation temperature, the effect of copper-diffusion barrier thickness and its deposition technology, and the quality of the interconnect/barrier interface. Reliable effective resistivity trends are established at various tiers of interconnects, namely, at the local, semiglobal, and global levels. Detailed implications of the effect of resistivity trends on performance are addressed in the second part of this work.
Immediate fixed temporization utilizing extracted natural dentition

W hen an anterior tooth must be extracted and replaced later with a fixed prosthesis, the common technique for temporization is the construction of an all-acrylic resin removable restoration commonly known as a “flipper” or “butterfly.“‘, * This type of prosthesis has the following disadvantages: (1) soft tissue inflammation; (2) plaque accumulation resulting in caries and gingival inflammation,4, ’ (3) dislodgement during mastication or sports activities,*’ ’ (4) poor phonetics,” and (5) injury to the interdental papillae.“, *’ Some of these disadvantages can be overcome by definitive preparation of the abutment teeth at the time of extraction and the construction of a temporary fixed partial denture using an Omnivact mold or a similar technique. This procedure runs the risk of wound contamination with soft and hard tissue injury. The following technique provides an excellent alternative in selected patients and has few disadvantages. It was developed for a patient whose maxillary right lateral incisor had to be removed because of periodontal conditions. The patient was strongly opposed to replacing the tooth with a removable restoration.
Kleemeier Award Lecture 2008—The Canary in the Coal Mine: Telomeres and Human Healthspan

Telomeres, the repeated series of DNA sequences that cap the ends of linear chromosomes, become shorter during cell division and oxidative stress. Shortened telomeres have been documented in a wide variety of pathologies associated with aging and are also predictive of early mortality in the very old. However, telomere shortening—like the canary in the coal mine—is not the cause of the deleterious effects, but rather, the harbinger of increased health risk. Using immune responses to infection as a model system to further analyze the link between telomeres and age-related disease, we have demonstrated that the end-stage T cell with shortened telomeres is reduced in antiviral immune function and secretes large amounts of so-called proinflammatory factors. Our research has documented that maintaining high levels of the telomere-extending enzyme, telomerase, by either genetic manipulation or exposure of T cells to chemical telomerase activators, not only retards telomere loss but also restores a more youthful functional profile to the T cells. These observations suggest possible novel telomerase-based therapeutic approaches to enhancing healthspan in the elderly population.
Natural cardiogenesis-based template predicts cardiogenic potential of induced pluripotent stem cell lines.

Background— Cardiac development is a complex process resulting in an integrated, multilineage tissue with developmental corruption in early embryogenesis leading to congenital heart disease. Interrogation of individual genes has provided the backbone for cardiac developmental biology, yet a comprehensive transcriptome derived from natural cardiogenesis is required to gauge innate developmental milestones. Methods and Results— Stage-specific cardiac structures were dissected from 8 distinctive mouse embryonic time points to produce genome-wide expressome analysis across cardiogenesis. With reference to this native cardiogenic expression roadmap, divergent induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiac expression profiles were mapped from procardiogenic 3-factor (SOX2, OCT4, KLF4) and less-cardiogenic 4-factor (plus c-MYC) reprogrammed cells. Expression of cardiac-related genes from 3-factor–induced pluripotent stem cell differentiated in vitro at days 5 and 11 and recapitulated expression profiles of natural embryos at days E7.5-E8.5 and E14.5-E18.5, respectively. By contrast, 4-factor–induced pluripotent stem cells demonstrated incomplete cardiogenic gene expression profiles beginning at day 5 of differentiation. Differential gene expression within the pluripotent state revealed 23 distinguishing candidate genes among pluripotent cell lines with divergent cardiogenic potentials. A confirmed panel of 12 genes, differentially expressed between high and low cardiogenic lines, was transformed into a predictive score sufficient to discriminate individual induced pluripotent stem cell lines according to relative cardiogenic potential. Conclusions— Transcriptome analysis attuned to natural embryonic cardiogenesis provides a robust platform to probe coordinated cardiac specification and maturation from bioengineered stem cell–based model systems. A panel of developmental-related genes allowed differential prognosis of cardiogenic competency, thus prioritizing cell lines according to natural blueprint to streamline functional applications.
Influence of Type of Acid, pH, Molarity, and Saturation on Rate of Enamel Penetration

The decalcification of enamel is a complex phenomenon that can be estimated by several parameters, including the quantity of calcium and phosphate ions leached out, the size of the lesion produced, the softness of the enamel, the change in birefringence of enamel due to the loss of the mineral substances, or the imbibition of decalcifying solutions. The effects of acids on tooth enamel have been evaluated according to these parameters. The solution rate of powdered enamel in acids has been determined; ' 2 a determination of the true solubility of intact enamel has been attempted ; 3, 4and carieslike artificial lesions have been produced.5-7 Measurements by one method may appear to disagree with measurements by some other methods. All three methods are subject to variation because of varying resistances of different teeth. A procedure developed in this laboratory8 permits a determination of enamel section penetration, a parameter that should be closely related to clinical estimation of the depth of caries. Penetration is observed as a birefringent change, and several sections from the same tooth can be exposed to different conditions, which means that the variance in resistance of different teeth is canceled out. The innermost margin of the area of positive birefringence was used to determine the depth of enamel penetration; no effort was made to evaluate the extent of decalcification in the positively birefringent area. The present study employed the method of Manly, Emerson, and Kapur,8 to study some of the factors influencing rate of enamel penetration through measurements on different kinds of acids in buffers having differing polarities, pH's, and degrees of saturation with tricalcium phosphate.
Optically-induced changes in tonic vergence and AC/A ratio in normal monkeys and monkeys with lesions of the flocculus and ventral paraflocculus

Monkeys wore either base-out prisms to promote changes in tonic vergence or periscopic spectacles to promote changes in the coupling between accommodation and vergence. Eye movements were recorded using the magnetic search coil technique and the monkeys were rewarded for accurate fixation. Two normal monkeys and two monkeys which had previously received lesions of the flocculus and ventral paraflocculus were studied. After 30 min of prism viewing the two normal monkeys had elevated phoria — increased by approximately 50% of the prism stimulus. The two lesioned monkeys also had phoria increases of a similar size after prism viewing. The effect of duration of prism viewing on the magnitude and time course of phoria elevation was studied in one normal monkey. The initial magnitude of phoria elevation and the time constant of relaxation of phoria both increased as the duration of prism exposure varied from 5 s to 30 min. Initial phoria increased approximately in proportion to the logarithm of duration of prism exposure whereas the time constant of phoria relaxation increased linearly with duration. In the same normal monkey it was shown that increasing vergence by means of accommodative-vergence did not induce phoria changes. The effect of periscopic spectacle viewing was studied in all four monkeys. After 30 min of periscopic spectacle viewing all four monkeys had a higher AC/ A ratio. The magnitude of the changes was (paradoxically) greater in the two lesioned monkeys than in the one normal monkey studied fully. The increases in AC/A ratio were moderately persistent, relaxing back to control values with time constants (in the lesioned monkeys) of the order of two hours.
Landing a UAV on a runway using image registration

In this paper we present a system that uses only vision to land a UAV on a runway. We describe a method for estimating the relative location of the runway as an image by performing image registration against a stack of images in which the location of the runway is known. An approximation of the camera projection model for a forward-facing view of a runway is derived, allowing the course deviation of the UAV to be estimated from a registered image. The course deviation is used as input to a linear feedback control loop to maintain the correct flight path. Our method is implemented as a real-time multithreaded application, which is used to control an aircraft in Microsoft Flight Simulator. We also show results of applying the vision component of the system to video recorded from an actual UAV.
Ethnographic Understandings of Gender and Economic Transition in Siberia: Implications for Planners and Policy Makers

Economic transition has been defined by neo-liberal restructuring policies and understandings. Using ethnographic data from Omsk, Russia, I examine structural adjustment policy implementation in the context of socially constructed gender norms. These policies have complicated implications for women and men's economic survival. The ethnographic understandings gained from interviews with women provide vital information that would improve planning processes in Omsk. For example, using an economic gardening approach to support women's small business development and workforce development targeting survivors of violence would advance women's economic self-sufficiency. I suggest that if planners use ethnographic understandings they will be able to more effectively respond to planning challenges such as poverty, education and health care issues.
Compressing Semantic Information with Varying Priorities

Semantics of communicated data can lead to conclusions with varying degrees of priorities. Depending on the interests of the communicating parties, some facts lead to conclusions that carry a high risk when ignored, and others may not be worth the resources to share the facts leading to those uninteresting conclusions. This paper studies the worst-case semantic data compression problem for sharing facts that lead to conclusions with such varying priorities. We establish the performance bounds by utilizing the partial dependencies between the ideas and the priority distributions on the conclusions. We show that multiple term descriptions of the facts and conclusions improve the compression performance when combined with judicious partitioning of the fact space.
The Last of the Milesians: The 1801 Anglo‐Irish Marriage Contract and The Wild Irish Girl

Sydney Owenson wrote The Wild Irish Girl hoping to effect in reality a union between Britain and Ireland that was already irrevocably enshrined in law. The passage of the Union in 1801 was itself marked by a discourse of national marriage between Britain and Ireland, with Britain the groom and Ireland the bride, revealing the Union to have shared almost all the characteristics of the classic marriage contract. It is this discursive context that shapes Owenson's text and is responsible for the failure of the text's desired resolution, an allegorical marriage between Britain and Ireland.
Incidence of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in 1,207 patients in a large multicenter outpatient practice

Objective. To define the true risk of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinal toxicity by studying the largest single group yet evaluated. Methods. Retrospective chart review of all patients in the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Southern California Region, who had HCQ prescriptions filled from 1991 through 1993 (1,556 patients in 11 medical centers). Of 1,207 charts of patients who took HCQ and had documented ophthalmologic examinations, initial screening identified 21 charts (1.7%) that indicated possible HCQ toxicity. Results. We identified 1 patient with definite toxicity (1 of 1,207; 0.08%) and 5 other patients with indeterminate but probable toxicity (5 of 1,207; 0.4%). The incidence of definite HCQ retinal toxicity in patients treated with HCQ at <6.5 mg/kg/day was 0. Conclusion. In HCQ-treated patients whose renal function is normal, routine ophthalmic screening is not indicated if the daily dosage is 6.5 mg/kg or who have taken HCQ continuously for > 10 years, annual screening may be appropriate.
NONLINEAR OPTICAL EFFECTS.

Third-harmonic generation in cholesteric liquid crystals, far-infrared generation by ultrashort pulses, and self-focusing of light in nonlinear media are taken as examples for illustration of nonlinear optical effects. Depending on the problems, different approximations are used in solving the nonlinear wave equations. Connection between nonlinear optical effects and properties of the media is briefly discussed.
The Magnetic Connection between the Convection Zone and Corona in the Quiet Sun

To understand the dynamic, magnetic, and energetic connection between the convectively unstable layers below the visible surface of the Sun and the overlying solar corona, we have developed a new three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic code capable of simultaneously evolving a model convection zone and corona within a single computational volume. As a first application of this numerical model, we present a series of simulations of the quiet Sun in a domain that encompasses both the upper convection zone and low corona. We investigate whether the magnetic field generated by a convective surface dynamo can account for some of the observed properties of the quiet-Sun atmosphere. We find that (1) it is possible to heat a model corona to X-ray-emitting temperatures with the magnetic fields generated from a convective dynamo and an empirically based heating mechanism consistent with the observed relationship between X-ray emission and magnetic flux observed at the visible surface; (2) within the limitations of our numerical models of the quiet Sun, resistive and viscous dissipation alone are insufficient to maintain a hot corona; (3) the quiet-Sun model chromosphere is a dynamic, non-force-free layer that exhibits a temperature reversal in the convective pattern in the relatively low density layers above the photosphere; (4) the majority of the unsigned magnetic flux lies below the model photosphere in the convectively unstable portion of the domain; (5) horizontally directed magnetic structures thread the low atmosphere, often connecting relatively distant concentrations of magnetic flux observed at the surface; and (6) low-resolution photospheric magnetograms can significantly underestimate the amount of unsigned magnetic flux threading the quiet-Sun photosphere.
An In Vitro Comparison of the Mucoactive Properties of Guaifenesin, Iodinated Glycerol, Surfactant, and Albuterol

Study objective The mechanism of action of potential mucoactive agents could relate to effects on the mucociliary apparatus or to direct effects on the secretions. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro effects of several agents on the properties of mucus simulants and sputum collected from 30 adults with stable chronic bronchitis. Design Sputum or simulants were analyzed untreated and after the addition of the test agent at 1:5 volume to volume ratio for a contact period of 60 s. The concentrations of the agents were as follows: guaifenesin, 20 mg/mL; iodinated glycerol, 3 mg/mL; surfactant (Exosurf; Glaxo Wellcome; Research Triangle Park, NC) containing 13.5 mg of phospholipid per milliliter; albuterol, 5 mg/mL; and amphibian Ringer's solution (ARS) as a control. Dynamic viscoelasticity and surface mechanical impedance were measured in a magnetic microrheometer. Cohesiveness was measured using a filancemeter. The wettability of a hydrophilic surface was measured using an image processing system. The mucociliary transportability of sputum was timed on the frog palate, and cough transportability (CTR) was measured in a cough machine. Results When compared to sputum that had no test agent or ARS added, all agents reduced sputum elasticity G′, with surfactant, albuterol, and guaifenesin significant at p Conclusions These agents appear to have a minimal direct action on sputum in vitro, suggesting that at the concentrations studied, these agents do not have a significant beneficial effect on either the mucociliary transportability or CTR of chronic bronchitis sputum. However, there could be an effect of some of these agents after oral administration, especially if there is a secondary effect of the agent on an effector cell.
A study of memory-aware scheduling in message driven parallel programs

This paper presents a simple, but powerful memory-aware scheduling mechanism that adaptively schedules tasks in a message driven distributed-memory parallel program. The scheduler adapts its behavior whenever memory usage exceeds a threshold by scheduling tasks known to reduce memory usage. The usefulness of the scheduler and its low overhead are demonstrated in the context of an LU matrix factorization program. In the LU program, only a single additional line of code is required to make use of the new general-purpose memory-aware scheduling mechanism. Without memory-aware scheduling, the LU program can only run with small problem sizes, but with the new memory-aware scheduling, the program scales to larger problem sizes.
Campylobacter recovery from external and internal organs of commercial broiler carcass prior to scalding

Campylobacter is a human pathogen commonly found on live broilers and processed carcasses. To plan effective intervention strategies, it would be helpful to know which Campylobacter populations are associated with the external and internal organs of broilers. Six carcasses were collected after exiting the bleed tunnel at a commercial broiler plant on each of three visits (n = 18). Carcasses were placed individually into sterile plastic bags, sealed, and covered with ice for transport to the laboratory. Five locations were sampled aseptically from each carcass: breast feathers (hand picked from the sternal tracts); breast skin, including the sternal tracts; crop; ceca; and colon. Samples included adhering contamination or lumen contents and were covered with phosphate-buffered saline and blended. Serial dilutions were made for examination of Campylobacter, coliform, Escherichia coli, and total aerobic bacterial populations. Average sample weights (grams) were as follows: feathers, 1.5; skin, 6.5; crop, 5.1; ceca, 7.8; and colon, 3.1. Campylobacter populations (mean log10 colony-forming units per gram of sample) found were feathers, 5.4; skin, 3.8; crop, 4.7; ceca, 7.3; and colon, 7.2. Coliform/E. coli populations observed were feathers, 6.4/6.0; skin, 5.3/4.9; crop, 4.3/3.7; ceca, 6.6/6.2; and colon, 5.8/5.3. Total aerobic bacterial populations found were feathers, 7.9; skin, 7.1; crop, 5.8; ceca, 6.8; and colon, 6.4. On a per gram basis, ceca and colon are the internal organs that if ruptured could cause the highest number of Campylobacter to be leaked onto the carcass. The crop also contained more Campylobacter per gram than did the skin, and if compromised may increase the numbers on the surface of the carcass. However, even with no contamination from an internal organ, a substantial population of Campylobacter is already resident on broiler skin as the carcass enters the early stages of processing.
Socioeconomic Status and Early Adolescent Self‐Esteem*

This study is a replication of a recent assessment of the relationship between social class and self-esteem, and the variables that intervene on this relationship. The purpose is to replicate the methods used to explore further this relationship by attempting to replicate the findings reported by Demo and Savin-Williams (1983) in another population. Only one of the four hypotheses tested received support thereby indirectly supporting the null relationship theory of no relationship between socioeconomic status and self-esteem. Implications of the findings also are addressed.
Correlation of respiratory activity of contralateral diaphragm muscles for evaluation of recovery following hemiparesis

Respiration is impaired by disruption of the central drive for inspiration to the diaphragm muscle (DIAm). Some function may recover involving nerve regeneration, reinnervation or neuroplasticity. A research animal model involves inducing hemiparesis of the DIAm and monitoring any recovery under different conditions. Methods to accurately track the level of functional recovery are needed. In this study, an algorithm was developed and tested to quantify the relative amount of electromyogram (EMG) activity that temporally correlated for an experimental (EXP) hemi-DIAm with its intact contralateral hemi-DIAm. An average rectified value (ARV) trace was calculated. A template was formed of the ARV trace of the intact hemi-DIAm, with higher positive values corresponding with periods of inspirations and lower negative values corresponding with quiet periods. This template was multiplied by the EXP ARV trace to reward (more positive) periods of correlating activity, and punish (more negative) periods of high activity on the EXP side that corresponded with quiet periods on the intact side. The average integrated value was the index of correlating contralateral activity (I CCA ). A negative I CCA value indicated no net correlation of activity, and a positive value indicated a net correlation of activity. The algorithm was tested on rats having the conditions of control or hemi-paresis induced by denervatation (DNV), tetrodotoxin administration (TTX) or cervical spinal hemi-section (SH). Control had high positive I CCA values, and DNV had negative values. TTX maintained negative I CCA values at 3, 7 and 14 days, indicating a lack of functional recovery. SH maintained negative values at 3 and 7 days, but a subset had positive values at 14 days indicating some functional recovery.
Towards self-exploring discriminating features for visual learning

Many visual learning tasks are usually confronted by some common diculties. One of them is the lack of supervised information, due to the fact that labeling could be tedious, expensive or even impossible. Another diculty is the high dimensionality of the visual data. Fortunately, these diculties could be alleviated by using a hybrid of labeled and unlabeled training data for learning. Since the unlabeled data characterize the joint probability across dierent features, they could be used to boost weak classifiers by exploring discriminating features in a self-supervised fashion. This paper proposes a novel method, the Discriminant-EM (D-EM) algorithm, which attacks these diculties by integrating discriminant analysis with the EM framework in this hybrid formulation. Both linear and nonlinear methods are investigated in this paper. Based on kernel multiple discriminant analysis (KMDA), the nonlinear D-EM provides better ability to simplify the probabilistic structures of
New parallel programming abstractions and the role of compilers

Most of the parallel programming, especially in applications in Computational Science and Engineering (CSE), is done using MPI. OpenMP is used on some shared memory platforms. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that new higher level parallel programming abstractions are needed if we have to increase programming productivity further. Here, the author presents his views on what kinds of high level languages and abstractions one should look for, what research is needed to develop them, what obstacles he see in their development and adoption, and what role compilers can and should play in their development. In particular, the author argues that adaptive run-time systems to separate the issues of resource management and abstractions for supporting global (but disciplined) view of data and global view of control are needed. Further, the role of compiler research needs to be directed to supporting such models, even though that requires a paradigm shift (toward simpler problems!) for the compiler research community.
Flexible robotic assembly efforts at Ford Motor Company IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems

Ford Motor Company has been seeking ways to improve the quality of its assembly operations and to reduce ergonomic injuries related to repetitive strain. Recently, Ford Motor Company has installed force controlled robotic assembly systems that emulate human assembly performance by limiting the forces of contact with the environment. These systems apply forces and moments in pre-programmed ways that insure a quality assembly process.
Who Says Shari'a Demands the Stoning of Women? A Description of Islamic Law and Constitutionalism

This lecture transcript provides an introduction to Islamic law, jurisprudence, and locations of legal authority for Islamic law and government. Without going into detail regarding its many different geographical manifestations over many hundreds of years, this lecture lays out basic categories of where legal authority has been located for Muslims, and explains the concepts inherent to Islamic legal analysis. Contemporary examples especially relevant to Islamic law and women serve as a practical lens through which to ground the relevance and importance of this topic today.
New Innovations for Deep Partial-Thickness Burn Treatment with ACell MatriStem Matrix.

Objective: Burn injuries remain a large financial burden on the healthcare system. According to CDC statistics (2010), nonfatal and hospitalized burns in the U.S. cost $1.8 billion for an annual incidence of ∼486,000 cases. To date, no technique proves to be the ideal therapy of deep partial-thickness burns. In this study, we review a trial usage of ACell (ACell, Inc.) wound matrix on deep partial-thickness burns. Approach: Burn patients were admitted through the Vanderbilt Emergency Department. Three were consented to receive ACell therapy. Each patient suffered extremity burns, to which ACell MatriStem matrix was applied. Time to epithelialization and healing was monitored up to 1 month postintervention. Results: ACell MatriStem matrix use in deep partial-thickness burns enabled healing by 29 days on average without requiring autografts. The average total body surface area (TBSA) of injury was 7.2% with average TBSA treated with ACell equal to 2.5%. All burn sites underwent re-epithelialization after 5....
Therapeutic Effect of Streptomycin in Experimental Murine Pertussis.

SummaryStreptomycin exerts a protective therapeutic effect on the course of experimental murine pertussis as indicated by a significant reduction in the mortality rate and the disappearance of the organisms from the lungs of the surviving mice.
P263 Implementing A New Standard For Medical Specialty Society Guideline Development

Background The Council of Medical Specialty Societies (CMSS) approved “Principles for the Development of Specialty Society Clinical Guidelines” as a set of standards that member societies could draw upon in developing their own development methodologies. Developed by the member societies in late 2012, the Principles are intended to provide a degree of interpretive flexibility not offered by other standard sets but based upon an expected level of transparency that individual interpretations would be explained. Objectives Principles were labelled as “must”, “should” and “may” in an effort to impart suggested implementation flexibility as designed by the Principles development team. This proposed analysis of society feedback is intended to assess the actual concordance with the Principles by societies implementing their methodologies or updating them. Methods An electronic survey was sent to Societies who identified themselves as creating new or adapting existing methodologies asking agreement on ease of implementation in 10 previously identified contentious standards. The survey will also include opportunity for responders to identify other difficult to implement/interpret principles as well as new principles that should be considered. Results Data from respondents will be presented. Discussion Medical Specialty Societies developing clinical practice guidelines are diverse in terms of size, scope and resources. The recent IOM standards were developed by as best practice with little guidance for potential interpretation or resource requirements. The CMSS Principles are intended to be a step towards practical guidelines standards and this research the first feedback step as to measuring that practicality.
General Three-Dimensional, Multi-Block, Parallel Turbulent Navier-Stokes Procedure

A new 3D multi-block, parallel flow solver, MBFLO3, is described and demonstrated for turbulent viscous flow. This new procedure represents the first step towards developing a three-dimensional turbulent Navier-Stokes technique that reduces the reliance on traditional turbulence modeling by directly solving for the larger-scale turbulence eects in regions where the computational grid is sucient to resolve those scales. A goal of this eort has been to develop a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes/detached-eddy simulation procedure that will allow for an increase in grid density while producing time-averaged solutions in a reasonable amount of time. Since detached-eddy simulation requires the solution of the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations on computational grids that are typically an order in magnitude more dense than their Reynolds-averaged counter-parts, special care has been taken to make this new procedure ecient. This paper describes the data structure, parallelization, and automation techniques used to produce time-averaged, turbulent predictions. Results for the turbulent flow over a flat plate and wall mounted hump are shown to illustrate the accuracy of the technique.
Diagnosis of viral infections of the newborn infant.

The request for “TORCH titers,” despite its broad acceptance, is simplistic and of limited value, and may lead to unnecessary delays and frustrations in diagnosis. When considering the diagnosis of congenital infection of viral origin in newborns, a serious attempt should be made to confirm the diagnosis by a direct method. Those tests that have the greatest specificity for each infection are discussed.
Interleukin-1-induced lung neutrophil accumulation and oxygen metabolite-mediated lung leak in rats

We found that intratracheal administration of recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1) into rats rapidly (< 5 h) increased neutrophils in lung lavages and caused an acute edematous lung injury which was reflected by lung albumin accumulation (lung leak) and histological abnormalities (perivascular cuffing). These IL-1-dependent processes were inhibited by prior administration of recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist and did not occur following administration of heated IL-1. Several lines of evidence suggested that neutrophil-derived oxygen metabolites contributed to lung leak. First, lung leak did not occur in rats rendered neutropenic by vinblastine treatment 4 days before IL-1 administration but did occur in neutrophil-replete rats given vinblastine 1 day before IL-1 administration and control rats given IL-1. Second, treatment with a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or a superoxide anion scavenger, manganese superoxide dismutase, decreased lung leak, lung lavage neutrophils, and histological abnormalities in rats given IL-1 intratracheally. Third, intratracheal IL-1 administration increased lung oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels and expired H2O2 concentrations, and these two indices of oxidative stress were decreased by dimethyl sulfoxide or manganese superoxide dismutase treatment. We conclude that intratracheal administration of IL-1 increases neutrophils in the lung and causes a neutrophil and oxygen metabolite-dependent acute edematous lung injury.
Self-Imposed Restrictions: January–July 1964

lyndon baines johnson grew up in the hill country of south Texas, at a time when it was one of the poorest regions in the United States. Later in his life, Johnson liked to assume the airs of a rough-and-tumble Texan, but like much else about the man, the appearance veered from the reality. Although he was always tall for his age, young Lyndon Johnson shied away from the fist-fighting that kept most boys in the hill country occupied. As a college student, he received an F in physical education, and when one of his underhanded deeds put a fellow student into a fighting mood, Johnson did not stand and trade punches, but instead hopped onto his bed, lay on his back, and kicked frantically with his long legs to keep the would-be adversary away. Elected to Congress in 1937 at the age of twenty-eight, Johnson took a leave of absence after Pearl Harbor and became an officer in the Navy. He quickly become impatient with having to take orders from superior officers; his closest adviser, Alvin J. Wirtz, tried unsuccessfully to get President Roosevelt to give Johnson an instant promotion to the rank of admiral. Johnson's sole encounter with the enemy came on June 9, 1942, during an inspection trip in the Pacific, when he rode as a passenger on a B-26 that was scheduled to bomb New Guinea.
One step closer: Connecting parents and teachers for improved student outcomes

This study investigated the influence of a professional learning intervention on parents and special educators’ perceptions of collaboration to support student outcomes. Over a period of six months...
Brain inspired photonic motif networks

Here we present a brain-inspired photonic cognitive motif network. The proposed architecture consists of semiconductor lasers that are coupled through opto-electronic feedbacks. Competitive interaction among photons and carriers in these coupled lasers leads to dynamics similar to that of many brain activities.