cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Corporate social responsibility and college recruiting in the hospitality industry.

Many organizations practice Corporate Social Responsibility even though debates about its definitions, implementation, measurement, and outcomes persist. The present study examined recruiters’ perceptions of their own organization's Corporate Social Responsibility values and activities, in addition to the importance recruiters place on social responsibility as a selection factor when interviewing college-level applicants. The research was conducted through an online survey administered to college recruiters, using a modified snowball approach. Analysis of the data indicated that, while hospitality industry recruiters place importance on college-level applicants’ socially-responsible values, they do not necessarily place importance on socially-responsible activities of college-level applicants as a selection factor.
CALORIMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC TRANSITION IN NiCl2. 6H2O

Measurements of the heat capacity of NiCl2·6H2O were made in the vicinity of the antiferromagnetic transition using calorimetric techniques of sufficient resolution so that the observed behavior was intrinsic to the samples studied. Two crystals of different origins were investigated in zero field, and one crystal was investigated with external fields applied parallel to the easy axis. The temperature of the heat-capacity maximum Tmax differed by approximately 3 mK between the two crystals, but the heat-capacity anomalies of each were best described with the same value of TN, 5.348 K. This value of TN was 9 and 12 mK above the temperatures at which the maximum heat capacity occurred. The data implied critical exponents of 0.20 ± 0.03 above the transition and 0.00 ± 0.01 below. An analysis of the data in terms of the imaginary temperature described the rounding of the calorimetric anomaly which occurred below Tmax. The analysis yielded best values for the imaginary part of the temperature comparable to the shift between TN and Tmax. The application of an external field caused a slow monotonic decrease in the amplitude and an increase in the width of the calorimetric anomaly. The width could be described by Δ^2=Δ0^2+aH, suggesting that the broadening of the transition could be described by two independent mechanisms, one intrinsic to the sample and the second field dependent. The shift of the Tmax with field was proportional to H^2.
Serially multiplexed FBG accelerometer for structural health monitoring of bridges

This article describes the development of a fiber optic accelerometer based on Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG). The accelerometer utilizes the stiffness of the optical fiber and a lumped mass in the design. Acceleration is measured by the FBG in response to the vibration of the fiber optic mass system. The wavelength shift of FBG is proportional to the change in acceleration, and the gauge factor pertains to the shift in wavelength as a function of acceleration. Low frequency version of the accelerometer was developed for applications in monitoring bridges. The accelerometer was first evaluated in laboratory settings and then employed in a demonstration project for condition assessment of a bridge. Laboratory experiments involved evaluation of the sensitivity and resolution of measurements under a series of low frequency low amplitude conditions. The main feature of this accelerometer is single channel multiplexing capability rendering the system highly practical for application in condition assessment of bridges. This feature of the accelerometer was evaluated by using the system during ambient vibration tests of a bridge. The Frequency Domain Decomposition method was employed to identify the mode shapes and natural frequencies of the bridge. Results were compared with the data acquired from the conventional accelerometers.
Relationship of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis to bone mineral density in women

Summary The relationship between spinal curvature and bone mineral density (BMD) in women was examined. Significant relationships were observed between spinal cur- vature and BMD in both pre- and postmenopausal women. Excessive spinal curvature may be associated with low bone mass in premenopausal women. Introduction The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between spinal measurements of thoracic and lumbar curvatures and bone mineral density in pre- and postmenopausal women. Methods Thedatafor thisstudy wereobtainedfromtheTexas Woman's University Pioneer Project. Female participants (n=242; premenopausal n=104, postmenopausal n=138) be- tween the ages of 18 and 60 years were evaluated on multiple health measures. Thoracic and lumbar curvatures were mea- sured with a 24-in. (60 cm) flexicurve. Bone mineral density was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar DPX IQ, version 4.6e). Pearson correlations and logistic re- gression analysis were used to examine the associations be- tween the obtained spinal curvature measurements and bone mineral density. Significance was set at p<.05. Results Significant correlations were observed for the fem- oral neck and lumbar spine bone mineral density with tho- racic and lumbar curve in premenopausal women (r=�.344 to�.525; p<.001). Slightly weaker, but significant, correla- tions were observed for femoral neck and lumbar spine in relation to thoracic and lumbar curve in postmenopausal women (r=�.288 to �.397; p<.01). Premenopausal women with thoracic curvature greater than 4 cm had a greater risk of having low bone mass compared to premenopausal women with less than 4 cm of curvature (odds ratio= 3.982, 95 % CI=1.206, 13.144). Conclusions The observed negative relationship suggests that as either thoracic or lumbar curvature increases, the regional bone mineral density decreases in both pre- and postmenopausal women.
Controversies in the surgical treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: the First Annual J. Lawrence Pool Memorial Research Symposium--controversies in the management of cerebral aneurysms.

The management of unruptured cerebral aneurysms remains one of the most controversial topics in neurosurgery. To this end, we discuss the diagnosis and estimated prevalence of these lesions as well as review the literature regarding the rate of rupture for cerebral aneurysms and risks of operative intervention. Our interpretation of the literature concludes that aneurysms are present in approximately 1% of the adult population, varying between less than 1% in young adults to 4% in the elderly. The yearly risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage for an unruptured intracranial aneurysm is approximately 1% for lesions 7 to 10 mm in diameter. Based on these assumptions, we recommend that 1) with rare exceptions, all symptomatic unruptured aneurysms should be treated; 2) small, incidental aneurysms less than 5 mm in diameter should be managed conservatively in virtually all cases; 3) aneurysms larger than 5 mm in patients younger than 60 years of age should be seriously considered for treatment; 4) large, incidental aneurysms larger than 10 mm should be treated in nearly all patients younger than 70 years of age; and 5) microsurgical clipping rather than endovascular coiling should be the first treatment choice in low-risk cases. Critical to our guidelines is collaboration by a highly experienced cerebrovascular team of microneurosurgeons and endovascular neurosurgeons working at a tertiary medical center with a high case volume and using a decision-making paradigm designed to offer only low-risk treatments. In certain patients for whom both treatment and natural history carry high risks, such as those with giant aneurysms, nonoperative management is typically elected.
Spatial enhancement of Raman scattering images using moving-window two-dimensional auto-correlation spectroscopy

Abstract A Raman scattering image of a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is further analyzed using SIMPLISM and moving-window two-dimensional auto-correlation spectroscopy (MW2DACS). The G band from the SWCNT (obtained from SIMPLISMA) is composed of Breit–Wigner–Fano and Lorentzian peak profiles. The SWCNT is identified as metallic from the broad Breit–Wigner–Fano peak shape. MW2DACS is successfully applied to the image with an enhancement in spatial resolution from 350 nm (image filtering using SWCNT G band) to 200 nm.
Hsp20‐Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Resistant to Oxidative Stress via Enhanced Activation of Akt and Increased Secretion of Growth Factors

Although heat-shock preconditioning has been shown to promote cell survival under oxidative stress, the nature of heat-shock response from different cells is variable and complex. Therefore, it remains unclear whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modified with a single heat-shock protein (Hsp) gene are effective in the repair of a damaged heart. In this study, we genetically engineered rat MSCs with Hsp20 gene (Hsp20-MSCs) and examined cell survival, revascularization, and functional improvement in rat left anterior descending ligation (LAD) model via intracardial injection. We observed that overexpression of Hsp20 protected MSCs against cell death triggered by oxidative stress in vitro. The survival of Hsp20-MSCs was increased by approximately twofold by day 4 after transplantation into the infarcted heart, compared with that of vector-MSCs. Furthermore, Hsp20-MSCs improved cardiac function of infarcted myocardium as compared with vector-MSCs, accompanied by reduction of fibrosis and increase in the vascular density. The mechanisms contributing to the beneficial effects of Hsp20 were associated with enhanced Akt activation and increased secretion of growth factors (VEGF, FGF-2, and IGF-1). The paracrine action of Hsp20-MSCs was further validated in vitro by cocultured adult rat cardiomyocytes with a stress-conditioned medium from Hsp20-MSCs. Taken together, these data support the premise that genetic modification of MSCs before transplantation could be salutary for treating myocardial infarction.
A comparative study of total hip replacement prostheses.

Abstract A comparative laboratory study has been made of three widely used types of total hip replacement prostheses. With the aid of hip joint simulators and a specially designed wear measuring gauge the friction and wear characteristics of the prostheses have been measured during 1000 hr laboratory tests. Scanning Electron Microscope studies have shown the wear mechanisms operating in the different types of prostheses during the simulator tests. Similar studies of prostheses removed from patients have shown the validity of drawing conclusions about the clinical performance of the prostheses from the laboratory test results.
Comb-Dendritic Block Copolymers as Tree-Shaped Macromolecular Amphiphiles for Nanoparticle Self-Assembly

An amphiphilic comb-dendritic block copolymer was designed and synthesized based on poly (γ-n-dodecyl-l-glutamate) as a hydrophobic comb block and a hydrophilic polyester dendron block modified wit...
Transport phenomena in zonal centrifuge rotors IV. Stability of isopycnic banding

Abstract A small perturbation analysis is carried out to determine the stability criteria of an equilibrium method in a zonal centrifugation run. It is found that the stability is related to the width of the isopycnic band, which can be expressed in terms of various diffusitivities between the particles and a gradient solution, a profile of gradient solution, particle size, and rotational speed of a rotor. The results unify the previous observations in sedimentation and the theoretical analysis for diffusion phenomena under one gravitational field.
The Listeria monocytogenes-secreted p60 Protein Is an N-end Rule Substrate in the Cytosol of Infected Cells: IMPLICATIONS FOR MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS I ANTIGEN PROCESSING OF BACTERIAL PROTEINS *

Cytosolic antigen degradation is an initial step in the generation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-associated cytolytic T lymphocyte epitopes. IntracellularListeria monocytogenes secretes p60, a murein hydrolase, into the host cell cytosol, where it is degraded by proteasomes. Roughly 3% of degraded p60 gives rise to p60 217–225, a nonamer peptide that is bound by H-2Kd MHC class I molecules. Herein, we introduce targeted deletions throughout the p60 gene to identify potential proteolytic signals within p60. Degradation of mutant forms of p60 was investigated in macrophages infected with recombinant L. monocytogenes. We found that deletions within the amino-terminal two-thirds of p60 enhanced cytosolic degradation. In contrast, truncation of the C terminus resulted in modest stabilization of p60 in the host cell cytosol. Because a protein's N-terminal amino acid can determine its rate of degradation, we mutagenized this residue in p60 into known stabilizing and destabilizing residues. Valine substitution dramatically stabilized cytosolic p60 molecules, while substitution with aspartic acid resulted in rapid degradation. The number of p60 217–225 epitopes isolated from infected cells directly correlated with the rates of p60 degradation. Our data, therefore, indicate that the N-terminal amino acid and multiple internal regions of p60 influence its stability in the cytosol of infected cells. Antigen degradation and epitope generation are linked, and different degradation signals can channel bacterial proteins into the MHC class I antigen processing pathway.
Influence of bone composition and apparent density on fracture toughness of the human femur and tibia.

The influence of wet and dry apparent density, apparent and real percentage of mineral, organic and water contents on the tension and shear fracture toughness, i.e., the mode I and mode II strain energy release rate (GIc and GIIc), respectively, was investigated for the human femur and the tibia. The results suggest that the water content, apparent density, and age were the best explanatory parameters for GIc and GIIc. Both GIc and GIIc significantly increase with increasing wet or dry apparent density. They also decrease with increasing water content; the decrease is nonsignificant for GIIc in the femur only. Mineral and organic percentage did not change in the bone with age, while the apparent percentages did change. Compositional parameters altogether can explain 35%-59% of the variation in fracture toughness. We conclude that bone composition and density have an important influence on fracture resistance of the cortical bone.
Changes in select redox proteins of the retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose To examine changes of select reduction-oxidation (redox) sensitive proteins from human donor retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) at four stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design Experimental study. Methods Human donor eyes were obtained from the Minnesota Lions Eye Bank and graded using the Minnesota Grading System (MGS) into four stages that correspond to stages defined by the age-related eye disease study (AREDS). Protein content in RPE homogenates was measured using Western immunoblotting with protein-specific antibodies. Results The content of several antioxidant enzymes and specific proteins that facilitate refolding or degradation of oxidatively damaged proteins increased significantly in MGS stage 3. These proteins are involved in the primary (copper-zinc superoxide dismutase [CuZnSOD], manganese superoxide dismutase [MnSOD], and catalase) and secondary (heat shock protein [HSP] 27, HSP 90, and proteasome) defense against oxidative damage. Additionally, the insulin pro-survival receptor exhibited disease-related upregulation. Conclusions The pattern of protein changes identified in human donor tissue graded using the MGS support the role of oxidative mechanisms in the pathogenesis and progression of AMD. The MGS uses nearly identical clinical definitions and grading criteria of AMD that are used in the AREDS, so our results apply to clinical and epidemiologic studies using similar definitions. Results from our protein analysis of human donor tissue helps to explain altered oxidative stress regulation and cell-survival pathways that occur in progressive stages of AMD.
Abstract 503: Investigating the role of Tks5 and invadopodia in prostate tumor progression

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Much of the morbidity and mortality in prostate cancer patients occurs strictly in response to metastatic disease. While ongoing efforts are examining the therapeutic value of Src kinase inhibitors, the mechanism by which Src activates invasive cell behavior within the context of this disease are not well-understood. Invadopodia are cytoskeletal structures formed by cancer cells that enable binding to, proteolytic degradation of, and invasion through the extracellular matrix. We and others have previously demonstrated that the Src tyrosine kinase substrate and adaptor protein Tks5 is important for invadopodia formation and function. Here we demonstrate that Src is activated and Tks5 up-regulated in prostate tumor specimens and invasive cell lines. Remarkably, overexpression of Tks5 alone is sufficient to form invadopodia structures and enhance invadopodia-associated gelatin degradation and invasion in the LNCaP cell line. We further show that this increase in invasive behavior likely depends on Src kinase activity and Tks5 phosphorylation. Our results predict a role for Src-Tks5 signaling in prostate tumor progression. This hypothesis will be tested in future studies using (i) mouse xenografts to monitor tumor development from Tks5-modified prostate cancer cell lines, and (ii) human prostate tumor tissue sections to measure Tks5 staining relative to tumor grade. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 503. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-503
Reconstitution of Azotobacter vinelandii ferredoxin I as a {2[4Fe‐4S]1+/2+} protein

As normally isolated, Azotobacter vinelandii ferredoxin I (Fd I) is a {[4Fe-4S],[3Fe-3S]} protein: (7Fe)Fd I. We report that anaerobic reconstitution of Fd I from its apoprotein yields a protein whose spectra are distinct from those of (7Fe)Fd I and typical of bacterial ferredoxins. We identify this new form of Fd I as a {2[Fe-4S]} protein: (8Fe)Fd I. (8Fe)Fd I is unstable in air and decomposes to give a ∼ 10% yield of (7Fe)Fd I. These results increase the probability that (8Fe)Fd I is the form of Fd I occurring in vivo and that (7Fe)Fd I results from oxidative degradation during purification.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 169*

Abstract Level schemes from radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented for all nuclei with mass number A=169. The experimental data have been evaluated; and adopted levels, transitions, and other nuclear properties are given.
A colony assay system that detects B cell progenitors in fresh and cultured bone marrow

This report describes a colony assay system, based on methods used to grow myeloid precursors in semisolid medium, in which B cell progenitors can be grown. The formation of these B cell progenitor colonies is dependent upon soluble mediators from a stromal cell line known to support B lymphopoiesis. In initial experiments a double layer culture system was employed in which target cells in methylcellulose medium were separated from an adherent layer of S17 stromal cells by an agar interface. Target cells were harvested from Dexter type long-term bone marrow cultures at a time after transfer to the lymphoid Whitlock-Witte conditions, when myeloid progenitors were depleted and mature B cells had not yet appeared. On day 15 of culture a colony could be identified that contained several hundred tightly clustered lymphoid cells. There was a linear relationship between the number of cells plated and the number of colonies that developed. Identically appearing colonies were also observed in agar using fresh bone marrow cells as targets with either an underlayer of S17 cells or S17 conditioned medium to potentiate colony growth. Lymphoid colonies derived from fresh bone marrow appeared on days 6 and 14 of growth. A proportion of the cells from the fresh or cultured marrow derived colonies expressed the B220 antigen and cytoplasmic mu heavy chains, but surface IgM was never observed. Cell depletion experiments on antibody coated plates demonstrated the colony forming unit to be B220 antigen positive, surface IgM negative, and replating experiments indicated the colonies were lymphoid restricted in their differentiative potential.
New physical evidence of the role of stream capture in active retreat of the Blue Ridge escarpment, southern Appalachians

Abstract The Blue Ridge escarpment of the southern Appalachian Mountains is a striking and rugged topographic feature of the ancient passive margin of eastern North America. The crest of the escarpment generally coincides with an asymmetric regional drainage divide, separating steep streams of the escarpment face from low-gradient streams of the Blue Ridge Upland. Recent exhumation and erosion rate studies suggest that the escarpment has evolved by inland erosional retreat, but the mechanism, timing, and magnitude of retreat remain poorly understood. Longitudinal stream profiles and slope–drainage area relationships of several upland basins draining the divide have led to the identification of 14 previously unknown fluvial terrace deposits preserved at the escarpment crest. These relict terraces and the associated beheaded drainages indicate the role of large stream capture events in producing ongoing escarpment retreat through landward divide migration and subsequent topographic adjustment. Terrace location and preservation suggest that rectilinear drainage patterns and divide asymmetry generate discrete high order captures and episodes of rapid localized retreat that collectively produce slower evolution of the escarpment at large. While overall retreat magnitude and rate remain unknown, roundness of terrace alluvium suggests that the most recent captures have locally produced tens of kilometers of retreat within the limited preservation lifetime of the deposits. In contrast with recent numerical modeling and cosmogenic studies, these data show the potential for stream capture and divide migration to sustain passive margin escarpment evolution long after the cessation of rifting. The fluvial record of divide retreat preserved atop the Blue Ridge escarpment suggests the potential for using field methods to better constrain the histories of younger, taller, and potentially more dynamic passive margin escarpments.
Brain morphometry on congenital hand deformities based on Teichmüller space theory

Congenital Hand Deformities (CHD) usually occurred between the fourth and the eighth week after the embryo is formed. Failure of the transformation from arm bud cells to upper limb can lead to an abnormal appearing/functioning upper extremity which is presented at birth. Some causes are linked to genetics while others are affected by the environment, and the rest have remained unknown. CHD patients develop prehension through the use of their hands, which affects the brain as time passes. In recent years, CHD have gained increasing attention and researches have been conducted on CHD, both surgically and psychologically. However, the impacts of CHD on the brain structure are not well-understood so far. Here, we propose a novel approach to apply Teichmuller space theory and conformal welding method to study brain morphometry in CHD patients. Conformal welding signature reflects the geometric relations among different functional areas on the cortex surface, which is intrinsic to the Riemannian metric, invariant under conformal deformation, and encodes complete information of the functional area boundaries. The computational algorithm is based on discrete surface Ricci flow, which has theoretic guarantees for the existence and uniqueness of the solutions. In practice, discrete Ricci flow is equivalent to a convex optimization problem, therefore has high numerically stability. In this paper, we compute the signatures of contours on general 3D surfaces with the surface Ricci flow method, which encodes both global and local surface contour information. Then we evaluated the signatures of pre-central and post-central gyrus on healthy control and CHD subjects for analyzing brain cortical morphometry. Preliminary experimental results from 3D MRI data of CHD/control data demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. The statistical comparison between left and right brain gives us a better understanding on brain morphometry of subjects with Congenital Hand Deformities, in particular, missing the distal part of the upper limb. We propose a novel Teichmuller space theory approach to study brain morphometry.Conformal welding signature reflects the geometric relations of different regions.The invertible method encodes complete information of the functional area boundaries.We evaluate signatures of pre-central and post-central gyrus on subjects and control.Congenital Hand Deformities may make a greater impact on post-central gyrus.
Phosphine impurity tolerance of Sr2MgMoO6−δ composite SOFC anodes

Abstract An all-ceramic solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode composed of a mixture of Sr2MgMoO6−δ (SMM) and Ce0.9Gd0.1O2 (GDC) on a yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte was synthesized and tested in clean and phosphine-contaminated hydrogen and coal syngas. The initial electrochemical performance of the cell at 800 °C was 290 mW cm−2 and 180 mW cm−2 in wet H2 and in clean syngas, respectively. The same cell was tested in wet H2 with 10 ppm PH3, where the cell displayed stable performance over the first 40 h, but then slowly degraded over the next 80 h leading to a 47% decrease in power output (0.59 h−1 %). Although the anode showed notable degradation over the 120 h test, the performance was much improved compared to typical Ni/YSZ cermet anodes. XPS results did not detect P at the anode/electrolyte interface nor throughout the bulk of the anode in either a phosphide or phosphate form. While still unclear, this initial work suggests that degradation of the cell may be due to partial de-lamination of the cell at the anode/electrolyte interface.
Lack of Correlation Between Dental Caries and Salivary Amylase

as a method of stimulation. Three groups were examined in a routine manner by dentists. The students in the first group of over 100 were classified as having "high," "moderate," or "low" degrees of caries on the basis of the number of open and filled cavities. No correlation between caries experience and amylase was found. In examination of the second group of 46 students, caries experience was recorded by giving each decayed, missing or filled tooth a count of 1 (D.M.F. index). The lack of correlation between caries experience and amylase is shown in Table I. Since no correlation was found when filled teeth were included, only open lesions (caries activity) were recorded in the examination of the third group of 105 students with results shown in Table II.
On the measurement of liquid phase diffusivities for slightly soluble solids

A procedure is developed to measure diffusion coefficients in the liquid phase for slightly soluble solids. Transient concentration profiles for the dissolution of a planar solid surface are obtained by means of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Fitting of these profiles to Fick's second law then provides a measure of the diffusivity, even when it is concentration dependent. Application of the technique to the water-benzoic acid system yields a diffusion coefficient at 25°C which is 1.3 × 10−5 cm2/sec at infinite dilution and which decreases slowly as the concentration approaches saturation. The initial value for acetanilide in water is 1.1 × 10−5 cm2/sec at 25°C and again the diffusivity decreases as the concentration increases. On met au point un procede pour mesurer les coefficients de diffusion en phase liquide dans le cas de solides legerement solubles. On obtient des profils transitoires de concentration pour la dissolution d'un solide a surface plane au moyen d'un interferometre de Mach et Zehnder. En adaptant les dits profils a la seconde Loi de Fick, on peut mesurer la diffusivite, meme lorsqu'elle depend de la concentration. En appliquant la methode en question au systeme eau-acide benzoique, on obtient a 25°C un coefficient de diffusion qui correspond a 1.3 × 10−5 centimetres carres par seconde pour une dilution infinie et qui decroit lentement a mesure que la concentration approche l'etat de saturation. La valeur initiale dans le cas de l'acetanilide dans le cas de l'acetanilide dans l'eau est 1.1 × 10−5 centimetres carres par seconde a 25°C et la diffusivite decroit egalement a mesure que la concentration augmente.
Optimal Solutions for the Single Batch, Flow Shop, Lot‐streaming Problem with Equal Sublots

Lot streaming is the process of splitting a production lot into sublots and then scheduling the sublots in overlapping fashion on the machines in order to improve the performance of the production system. Implementation of this concept arises in several batch production environments. These include, among others, printed circuit board assembly and semiconductor fabrication. There are several limitations in the lot-streaming models available in the literature which affect their usefulness in reality. In this paper, we consider the single batch, flow shop, lot-streaming problem but relax several of these limitations. The main contribution of this paper is to provide the production manager with a way of splitting a lot in order to optimize performance under various measures of performance and setup time considerations. In addition, the insight of the proposed procedure can be used to tackle more general versions of the problem considered.
War Terms in Spanish

Author's summary.— This is a list of some 500 words which deal with the war. The material falls into four classes, general, land, sea and air terms.
Role of glutathione in hepatic bile formation during reperfusion after cold ischemia of the rat liver

Abstract Background/Aims: Liver reperfusion following cold ischemia is frequently associated with diminished bile flow in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Glutathione is a major determinant of bile-acid independent bile flow, and the effects of cold ischemia on biliary glutathione excretion are unknown. Methods: We examined the effects of cold ischemia (University of Wisconsin solution (4°C), 24 h) with subsequent reperfusion (100 min) on biliary glutathione excretion in a recirculating system. Since glutathione might represent an important antioxidant within the biliary tract and oxidative stress in the biliary tract during reperfusion could contribute to the pathogenesis of bile duct injury after liver transplantation, we also assessed bile duct morphology in reperfused livers of mutant TR − -rats, in whom biliary excretion of glutathione is already impaired. Results: Hepatic bile formation was diminished in reperfused Wistar rat livers after cold ischemia. Biliary glutathione concentrations and output were significantly decreased and correlated with postischemic changes in bile secretion. An increased biliary oxidized glutathione/glutathione ratio, indicating oxidative stress, was detected only immediately after the onset of reperfusion. Basal bile flow rates in TR − -rat livers which were already markedly reduced in control-perfused livers, decreased further during the early but not the later reperfusion period. Reperfusion of both Wistar and TR − -rat livers was not associated with electron microscopic evidence of bile duct damage. Conclusions: We conclude that impaired biliary excretion of glutathione contributes to decreased bile flow after cold ischemia. The absence of biliary glutathione does not appear to promote ultrastructural evidence of bile duct injury during reperfusion in the isolated perfused rat liver.
Notes from the resistance: some comments on Sally Haslanger’s Resisting Reality

After a brief summary of the 17 essays in Sally Haslanger’s (2012) collection, Resisting Reality: Social Construction and Social Critique, I raise questions in two areas, the defense of constructionism and the definition of gender and race in terms of social oppression. I cite Robin Andreasen’s and Philip Kitcher’s essays arguing (in different ways) that races are both biologically real and socially constructed, and also Joshua Glasgow’s claim that constructionist arguments ultimately fail. I then cite Jennifer Saul’s critique that “oppression” definitions of gender and race run into problematic counterexamples, and add some other points arising from the different histories of gender and racial categories and realities. As someone sympathetic to constructionism myself, my aim is not a critique of Haslanger but rather an inquiry as to how she thinks (we) constructionists should answer such challenges.
A mitochondrial iron protein with properties of a high-potential iron-sulfur protein*

Summary A brown, soluble protein which, in its oxidized form, has a highly temperature sensitive EPR signal centered at g=2.01 with a width of 25 gauss at 9.2 GHz, was purified from the supernatant of sonicated beef heart mitochondria to apparent homogeneity by criteria of protein chemistry. No other signals were observed in the oxidized or reduced state. Two g atoms each of iron and labile sulfur were found per mole (MW 97,000). Signal intensity and reductive titration account for 3 electrons per molecule. The protein is labile and autooxidizable. In view of the stoichiometric presence of iron and labile sulfur and the magnetic properties, it is proposed that this protein belongs to the class of high-potential iron-sulfur proteins. Heterogeneity in the state and distribution of iron-sulfur groups, but not at the level of gross protein structure, is assumed to explain the observed stoichiometry. On fractionation of mitochondria an EPR signal similar to that of the purified protein is concentrated in succinate-ubiquinone reductase. Aspects of the function of the corresponding substance in electron transfer are dealt with in a companion report (Beinert, Ackrell, Kearney, and Singer, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. this issue).
Transbronchial biopsy in usual interstitial pneumonia.

Background Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a slowly progressive, usually fatal form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia for which there is no effective treatment. Transbronchial biopsy (TBB) has been utilized only to exclude other diseases such as sarcoidosis, lymphangitic carcinoma, and infection, for example, but TBB is generally considered to have little role in confirming UIP. Objective To determine whether diagnostic changes of UIP can be appreciated on TBB specimens. Design Retrospective analysis of TBB specimens from patients with proven UIP. Setting Two study sites in the United States. Participants Twenty-one patients with UIP confirmed by surgical lung biopsy and/or lung explant, and 1 patient with UIP confirmed by clinical and radiographic findings along with follow-up information. Measurements and results Adequate tissue for diagnosis was available in 18 cases; in 7 cases (32% overall), there were varying combinations of interstitial fibrosis in a patchwork pattern along with fibroblast foci and/or honeycomb change. These features were considered diagnostic of UIP. Interstitial fibrosis along with fibroblast foci or honeycomb change were seen in two other cases, but the fibrosis lacked a patchwork pattern, and these features were considered consistent with UIP. Nonspecific interstitial fibrosis alone was found in nine cases. Conclusions In summary, characteristic histologic features of UIP can be identified on TBB specimens more often than previously appreciated. TBB may be more useful in confirming UIP than previously recognized.
Electrohydrodynamics of thin double layers: a model for the streaming potential profile

Abstract The motion of an electrolyte solution past a charged surface gives rise to convection of the ions within the double layer surrounding the surface. To conserve charge a streaming potential arises, generating an electrokinetic force on the surface. We have previously calculated this force in the lubrication limit for two bodies bearing thin, equilibrium double layers and moving slowly relative to each other; for this case, the streaming potential satisfies an equation analogous to Reynolds equation for the pressure. In this paper, we relax the lubrication approximation and address the electrohydrodynamics of thin double layers with regard to the streaming potential profile. Outside the double layer, the streaming potential satisfies Laplace's equation. We have developed a boundary condition for the streaming potential from the requirement of charge conservation at the outer edge of the double layer despite nonuniform convection inside the double layer. In particular, at the outer edge of the double layer the normal derivative of the streaming potential is directly proportional to the normal derivative of pressure profile generated by motion. We illustrate the solution of Laplace's equation using this boundary condition by calculating the dipole moment generated by a charged sphere sedimenting in an unbounded electrolyte solution (the Dorn effect) and the electrokinetic lift force on a charged sphere translating parallel to a distant wall.
The Descent [Ethically Speaking]

My first jump out of an airplane was exhilarating, and is still etched in my memory. I remember staring at the ground beneath my boots and praying for the chute to open. I had a spare chute, but I really didn't want to have to use it. When my chute fully unfurled, I looked up to check that it had properly deployed. Our parachutes had white and orange nylon panels. One of the training sergeants told us that if we saw a blue panel when checking our deployed parachute, then we should worry. Once I knew the chute was okay, I then enjoyed a peaceful float to the ground.
The transformation of alkenes into γ-lactones using α-iodoesters

Abstract Iodostannyl esters react with alkenes in the presence of AIBN to afford γ-lactones.
Functional improvement of dystrophic muscle by myostatin blockade

Mice and cattle with mutations in the myostatin (GDF8) gene show a marked increase in body weight and muscle mass, indicating that this new member of the TGF-beta superfamily is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Inhibition of the myostatin gene product is predicted to increase muscle mass and improve the disease phenotype in a variety of primary and secondary myopathies. We tested the ability of inhibition of myostatin in vivo to ameliorate the dystrophic phenotype in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Blockade of endogenous myostatin by using intraperitoneal injections of blocking antibodies for three months resulted in an increase in body weight, muscle mass, muscle size and absolute muscle strength in mdx mouse muscle along with a significant decrease in muscle degeneration and concentrations of serum creatine kinase. The functional improvement of dystrophic muscle by myostatin blockade provides a novel, pharmacological strategy for treatment of diseases associated with muscle wasting such as DMD, and circumvents the major problems associated with conventional gene therapy in these disorders.
Computer assisted screening, correction, and analysis of historical weather measurements

A computer program, Historical Observation Tools (HOB Tools), has been developed to facilitate many of the calculations used by historical climatologists to develop instrumental and documentary temperature and precipitation datasets and makes them readily accessible to other researchers. The primitive methodology used by the early weather observers makes the application of standard techniques difficult. HOB Tools provides a step-by-step framework to visually and statistically assess, adjust, and reconstruct historical temperature and precipitation datasets. These routines include the ability to check for undocumented discontinuities, adjust temperature data for poor thermometer exposures and diurnal averaging, and assess and adjust daily precipitation data for undercount. This paper provides an overview of the Visual Basic.NET program and a demonstration of how it can assist in the development of extended temperature and precipitation datasets using modern and early instrumental measurements from the United States.
Genetic implications of minor-element and Sr-isotope geochemistry of alkaline rock complexes in the Wet Mountains area, Fremont and Custer counties, Colorado

Concentrations of Rb, Sr, and REE (rare earth elements), and Sr-isotopic ratios in rocks of the Cambrian alkaline complexes in the Wet Mountains area, Colorado, show that rocks formed as end-products of a variety of magmas generated from different source materials. The complexes generally contain a bimodal suite of cumulus mafic-ultramafic rocks and younger leucocratic rocks that include nepheline syenite and hornblende-biotite syenite in the McClure Mountain Complex, nepheline syenite pegmatite in the Gem Park Complex, and quartz syenite in the complex at Democrat Creek. The nepheline syenite and hornblende-biotite syenite at McClure Mountain (535±5m.y.) are older than the syenitic rocks at Democrat Creek (511±8m.y.). REE concentrations indicate that the nepheline syenite at McClure Mountain cannot be derived from the hornblende-biotite syenite, which it intrudes, or from the associated mafic-ultramafic rocks. REE also indicate that mafic-ultramafic rocks at McClure Mountain have a source distinct from that of the mafic-ultramafic rocks at Democrat Creek.
Calorimetric enthalpies for the reaction of H2 with Pd-Cu alloys at 303 K

Abstract Thermodynamic parameters for the reaction of H 2 with Pd 1− x Cu x ( x =0, 0.05, 0.096, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.3) alloys have been determined via reaction calorimetric and isotherms measurements at 303 K. Both the hydrogen solubilities in the dilute phase and the lengths of the plateaux decrease with increase of x , while the plateau pressures increase with increase of x . The magnitude of the enthalpies for the plateau reaction decreases with increase of x . In the single hydride phase region at the end of the plateau the |Δ H H | values decrease with H content. Relative entropies have been determined from the enthalpies and the equilibrium pressures. The entropies for the plateau reaction do not change very much with x in Pd 1− x Cu x
Comparison of orifice and slotted plate flowmeters

The performance of a standard β = 0.50 orifice flowmeter is compared to the same flowmeter with a slotted orifice plate replacing the standard orifice plate. The slotted orifice plate has the same total open area as the standard plate and consists of three concentric rings, each of which contains several radial slots. The flow upstream of both orifice plates in preconditioned using a concentric pipe device to produce a wide range of axial velocity profiles without swirl. The discharge coefficient of the standard plate varies from the base value by −1% to +6%, while that of the slotted orifice plate varies by only ±0.25%. When swirl is generated upstream of the orifice plates, the discharge coefficients vary by 5% and 2% for the standard and slotted orifice plates, respectively. These data indicate that the slotted orifice flowmeter is superior to the standard orifice flowmeter in maintaining its calibration over a wide range of inlet flow conditions. The slotted orifice plate can be a ‘drop in’ replacement for a standard orifice plate.
Tau-tubulin kinase 1 (TTBK1), a neuron-specific tau kinase candidate, is involved in tau phosphorylation and aggregation

Neurofibrillary tangles, which are major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), are composed of paired helical filaments (PHFs) containing hyperphosphorylated tau. Specific kinases regulate tau phosphorylation and are closely linked to the pathogenesis of AD. We have characterized a human tau-tubulin kinase 1 (TTBK1) gene located on chromosome 6p21.1. TTBK1 is a serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase that is conserved among species and belongs to the casein kinase 1 superfamily. It is specifically expressed in the brain, especially in the cytoplasm of cortical and hippocampal neurons. TTBK1 phosphorylates tau proteins in both a Mg2+- and a Mn2+-dependent manner. Phosphopeptide mapping and immunoblotting analysis confirmed a direct tau phosphorylation by TTBK1 at Ser198, Ser199, Ser202 and Ser422, which are also phosphorylated in PHFs. TTBK1 also induces tau aggregation in human neuronal cells in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that TTBK1 is a neuron-specific dual kinase involved in tau phosphorylation at AD-related sites and is also associated with tau aggregation.
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein deficiency in innate immune cells leads to mucosal immune dysregulation and colitis in mice.

Background & Aims Immunodeficiency and autoimmune sequelae, including colitis, develop in patients and mice deficient in Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP), a hematopoietic cell-specific intracellular signaling molecule that regulates the actin cytoskeleton. Development of colitis in WASP-deficient mice requires lymphocytes; transfer of T cells is sufficient to induce colitis in immunodeficient mice. We investigated the interactions between innate and adaptive immune cells in mucosal regulation during development of T cell–mediated colitis in mice with WASP-deficient cells of the innate immune system. Methods Naive and/or regulatory CD4 + T cells were transferred from 129 SvEv mice into RAG-2–deficient (RAG-2 KO) mice or mice lacking WASP and RAG-2 (WRDKO). Animals were observed for the development of colitis; effector and regulatory functions of innate immune and T cells were analyzed with in vivo and in vitro assays. Results Transfer of unfractionated CD4 + T cells induced severe colitis in WRDKO, but not RAG-2 KO, mice. Naive wild-type T cells had higher levels of effector activity and regulatory T cells had reduced suppressive function when transferred into WRDKO mice compared with RAG-2 KO mice. Regulatory T-cell proliferation, generation, and maintenance of FoxP3 expression were reduced in WRDKO recipients and associated with reduced numbers of CD103 + tolerogenic dendritic cells and levels of interleukin-10. Administration of interleukin-10 prevented induction of colitis following transfer of T cells into WRDKO mice. Conclusions Defective interactions between WASP-deficient innate immune cells and normal T cells disrupt mucosal regulation, potentially by altering the functions of tolerogenic dendritic cells, production of interleukin-10, and homeostasis of regulatory T cells.
Broadening the scope of glycosyltransferase-catalyzed sugar nucleotide synthesis

We described the integration of the general reversibility of glycosyltransferase-catalyzed reactions, artificial glycosyl donors, and a high throughput colorimetric screen to enable the engineering of glycosyltransferases for combinatorial sugar nucleotide synthesis. The best engineered catalyst from this study, the OleD Loki variant, contained the mutations P67T/I112P/T113M/S132F/A242I compared with the OleD wild-type sequence. Evaluated against the parental sequence OleD TDP16 variant used for screening, the OleD Loki variant displayed maximum improvements in kcat/Km of >400-fold and >15-fold for formation of NDP–glucoses and UDP–sugars, respectively. This OleD Loki variant also demonstrated efficient turnover with five variant NDP acceptors and six variant 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl glycoside donors to produce 30 distinct NDP–sugars. This study highlights a convenient strategy to rapidly optimize glycosyltransferase catalysts for the synthesis of complex sugar nucleotides and the practical synthesis of a unique set of sugar nucleotides.
4 He abundances: Optical versus radio recombination line measurements

Accurate measurements of the 4 He/H abundance ratio are important in constraining Big Bang nucleosynthesis, models of stellar and Galactic evolution, and H ii region physics. We discuss observations of radio recombination lines using the Green Bank Telescope toward a small sample of H ii regions and planetary nebulae. We report 4 He/H abundance ratio differences as high as 15–20% between optical and ratio data that are difficult to reconcile. Using the H ii regions S206 and M17 we determine 4 He production in the Galaxy to be dY / dZ = 1.71 ± 0.86.