cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chromosome and isoenzyme studies on cells derived from protoplast fusion of Nicotiana glauca with glycine max-Nicotiana glauca cell hybrids

The somatic hybrids of Glycine max (L)Merr.-Nicotiana glauca Grah. exhibited a preferential loss of N. glauca chromosomes. When protoplasts from such hybrid cells were ‘back fused’ twice to N. glauca protoplasts, a considerable increase in stability of the N. glauca chromosomes was observed. Gel electrophoresis studies of aspartate aminotransferase showed that the chromosome(s) responsible for this enzyme was stabilized in the ‘back fused’ hybrid cell lines. The data suggest that the ‘back fusion’ technique described in this study might aid in stabilizing somatic hybrids.
Retrospective vs. Prospective Coital Frequency and Menstrual Cycle Length in a Contraceptive Effectiveness Trial

Abstract PURPOSE: To determine how well information at enrollment would predict coital frequency and menstrual segment length during a prospective contraceptive effectiveness trial. METHODS: We compared retrospective reports of monthly coital frequency and menstrual segment (cycle) length with prospective information for women participating in a contraceptive trial of the Reality ® female condom. RESULTS: Participants reported slightly higher mean monthly coital frequency and slightly longer menstrual segments prior to the study than during the study (12.6 acts vs. 12.0 acts per month and 30.8 days vs. 28.4 days). We examined the actual distribution of differences between the retrospective and prospective measures and found considerable variability. Among the 195 participants studied, parous women were less likely to predict accurately menstrual segment length (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.3–0.9), while older women were more likely to predict accurately coital frequency (OR 1.9; 95% CI 0.9–3.3). CONCLUSIONS: Coital frequency and menstrual segment length vary considerably over time. Hence, prospective data collection is essential to accurately characterize these variations and to properly interpret results from contraceptive trials and other studies concerned with fecundability and hazards of reproduction.
Productivity Decline in Oil Wells Related to Asphaltene Precipitation and Emulsion Blocks

Several oil wells in a Saudi Arabian field have shown a significant decline in oil productivity in recent years. A few have "died" prematurely, while others have become intermittent producers. The oil productivity declineis aggravated by water encroachment and has occurred with relatively low water rates and without any significant drop in reservoir pressure. These wells have low productivity indices (PIs), resulting in relatively low flowing bottom-hole pressures (FBHPs). This paper presents the results of an investigative case study to determine the causes of productivity decline in these wells. A multidisciplinary team was set up with engineers and scientists from reservoir management, production engineering, and the R&D Center for the investigative study. The team focused on multiple aspects, including reservoir and production engineering as well as a comprehensive laboratory and field investigation. The results of this study indicate that one of the main causes of productivity decline in these wells is related to asphaltene precipitation and the subsequent formation of tight emulsions downhole. The emulsions block the pore throats and cause formation damage, which leads to productivity decline. Another factor that further aggravates the productivity of these wells is poor rock quality in the area. Possible causes of formation damage by inorganic scaling and leakage and mixing of gas from a deeper reservoir have been eliminated. Well-test analyses on some of the affected wells show that the formation-damage mechanism in the affected area is further aggravated by poor reservoir rock quality. The time-lapse pressure-transient analysis also indicates a deterioration of skin and productivity with time. On the basis of these findings, a special solvent treatment was recommended and designed as a pilot trial for one of the dead wells. The treatment included squeezing xylene and demulsifier to dissolve the asphaltenes and break the tight emulsions around the wellbore area. The treatment resulted in only a slight improvement in the PI, and the well died after a few days. Currently, a stimulation treatment with acid and demulsifier is being implemented in selected wells. The results of the field trials are described here.
Cosmic-ray time scales using radioactive clocks

Radionuclides in the galactic cosmic rays serve as chronometers for measuring the characteristic time of physical processes affecting cosmic ray energy spectra and composition. The radionuclide ^(59)Ni, present in the ejecta of supernovae, will decay to ^(59)Co via electron-capture with a halflife of T_(1/2) = 7.6 × 10^4 yr. However, if the cosmic ray acceleration time scale is shorter than the decay halflife, ^(59)Ni will become fully-stripped of electrons and will be present in the cosmic rays. Abundances of cosmic ray ^(59)Ni and ^(59)Co measured with the Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer (CRIS) are consistent with the decay of all source ^(59)Ni, implying an acceleration time delay > 10^5 yr. Abundances of the β-decay radioactive secondaries, produced by fragmentation of the cosmic rays during transport in the interstellar medium (ISM), depend on the time scales for spallation and escape from the Galaxy. Consequently, measurement of these abundances can be used to derive the galactic confinement time, τ_(esc), for cosmic rays. Using the abundances of the β-decay species ^(10)Be, ^(26)Al, ^(36)Cl, and ^(54)Mn measured by CRIS, we find a confinement time τ_(esc) ∼ 15 Myr.
Dividing things up: The semantics of or and the modal/or interaction

In this paper, the meanings of sentences containing the word or and a modal verb are used to arrive at a novel account of the meaning of or coordinations. It is proposed that or coordinations denote sets whose members are the denotations of the disjuncts; and that the truth conditions of sentences containing or coordinations require the existence of some set made available by the semantic environment which can be ‘divided up’ in accordance with the disjuncts. The relevant notion of ‘dividing things up’ is made explicit in the paper. Detailed attention is given to the question of how the proposed truth conditions are derived from the syntactic input. The account offered allows for the derivation of both the disjunctive and the non-disjunctive readings of modal/or sentences, including the much-discussed ‘free choice’ readings of may/or sentences.
The North American datum of 1983: Project methodology and execution

A new adjustment of the geodetic control networks in North America has been completed, resulting in a new continental datum—the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). The establishment ofNAD 83 was the result of an international project involving the National Geodetic Survey of the United States, the Geodetic Survey of Canada, and the Danish Geodetic Institute (responsible for surveying in Greenland). The geodetic data in Mexico and Central America were collected by the Inter American Geodetic Survey and validated by the Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topographic Center. The fundamental task ofNAD 83 was a simultaneous least squares adjustment involving 266,436 stations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Central America. The networks in Greenland, Hawaii, and the Caribbean islands were connected to the datum through Doppler satellite and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations. The computations were performed with respect to the ellipsoid of the Geodetic Reference System of 1980. The ellipsoid is positioned in such a way as to be geocentric, and its axes are oriented by the Bureau International de l'Heure Terrestrial System of 1984. The mathematical model for theNAD readjustment was the height-controlled three-dimensional system. The least squares adjustment involved 1,785,772 observations and 928,735 unknowns. The formation and solution of the normal equations were carried out according to the Helmert block method.
Equation of state fits to the lower mantle and outer core

The lower mantle and outer core are subjected to tests for homogeneity and adiabaticity. An earth model is used which is based on the inversion of body waves and Q-corrected normal-mode data. Homogeneous regions are found at radii between 5125 and 4825 km, 4600 and 3850 km, and 3200 and 2200 km. The lower mantle and outer core are inhomogeneous on the whole and are only homogeneous in the above local regions. Finite-strain and atomistic equations of state are fit to the homogeneous regions. The apparent convergence of the finite-strain relations is examined to judge their applicability to a given region. In some cases the observed pressure derivatives of the elastic moduli are used as additional constraints. The effect of minor deviations from adiabaticity on the extrapolations is also considered. An ensemble of zero-pressure values of the density and seismic velocities are found for these regions. The range of extrapolated values from these several approaches provides a measure of uncertainties involved.
Magnetic Properties of Iron Ions in CoO(I) and CoO(II)

Hyperfine M\"ossbauer spectra of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$ in cobaltous oxide in the pure and vacated forms are measured below the N\'eel temperatures. The hyperfine spectra of CoO(I) are of a pure ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ type and give a pattern characteristic of magnetic and quadrupole hyperfine interactions. They are analyzed by diagonalizing a 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4 magnetic and quadrupole interaction matrix of the first excited state of an ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$ nucleus and fitting eight Lorentzians to the M\"ossbauer spectra. In connection with this analysis we have developed a general formalism which can give $H$, $\frac{1}{2}({e}^{2}qQ)$, $\ensuremath{\varphi}$, $\ensuremath{\theta}$, and $\ensuremath{\eta}$ from M\"ossbauer data by using an IBM computer. Below 200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, the magnetic hyperfine field at ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$ nuclei in CoO(I) decreases with decreasing temperature, and has an internal field of magnitude 120 kG as its zero-point value. The quadrupole interaction increases with decreasing temperature, and the zero-point value of $\frac{1}{2}{e}^{2}\mathrm{qQ}$ is - 1.32 mm/sec for CoO(I). The tendency of the magnetic hyperfine field to decrease and the tendency of the quadrupole interaction to increase with decreasing temperature, as well as the temperature dependence of $\ensuremath{\theta}$, $\ensuremath{\varphi}$, and $\ensuremath{\eta}$, can be explained by crystal-field theory in terms of temperature-dependent variations in the statistical population of electronic levels. The hyperfine M\"ossbauer spectra of CoO(II) below its N\'eel temperature consist of six lines, which are purely magnetic except for line broadening due to possible quadrupole interactions arising from defects which destroy long-range translational symmetry in this material. The zero-point value of the magnetic hyperfine field at ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$ nuclei in CoO(II) is measured to be 553 kG. The temperature dependence of the magnetic hyperfine field for CoO(II) follows a Brillouin function for $S=\frac{3}{2}$ approximately, and its N\'eel temperature is measured to be 270\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The M\"ossbauer hyperfine spectra of the mixed form CoO(I, II) was also determined, and it is discussed in the framework of the model proposed in the previous paper. The magnetic hyperfine field and quadrupole coupling constant for the ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ component of the M\"ossbauer spectra are found to be 150 kG and -1.01 mm/sec at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, respectively, which are not in accord with the values previously reported by Wertheim.
Privacy preserving delegated access control in the storage as a service model

Current approaches for enforcing fine-grained access control and confidentiality to sensitive data hosted in the cloud are based on selectively encrypting the data before uploading it to the cloud. In such an approach, organizations have to enforce authorization policies through encryption. They thus incur high communication and computation cost to manage keys and encryptions whenever user credentials or organizational authorization policies change. Ideally, organizations should use encryption only in order to hide the data from the cloud, whereas the cloud should be in charge of enforcing authorization policies on the hidden data in order to minimize the overhead at organizations. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for delegating privacy-preserving fine-grained access enforcement to the cloud. Our approach is based on a recent key management scheme that allows users whose attributes satisfy a certain policy to derive the data encryption keys only for the content they are allowed to access from the cloud. Our approach preserves the confidentiality of the data and the user privacy from the cloud, while delegating most of the access control enforcement to the cloud. Further, in order to reduce the cost of re-encryption required whenever the access control policies changes, our approach uses incremental encryption techniques.
Primary and liver metastasis-derived cell lines from KrasG12D; Trp53R172H; Pdx-1 Cre animals undergo apoptosis in response to triptolide.

Objectives Pancreatic cancer has a five year survival rate of less than 5%, partly due to limited chemotherapeutic options, thereby highlighting the need for novel therapies. Triptolide, a diterpene triepoxide derived from a Chinese herb has shown great promise in preclinical testing against pancreatic cancer using immune compromised animals.
Natural alpha recoil particle radiation and ionizing radiation sensitivities in quartz detected with EPR: Implications for geochronometry

Abstract The EPR signals in granitic quartz samples of known age are studied. Time-integrated alpha recoil activity and EPR signal intensity are more significantly correlated than sample age and EPR signal intensity. Neutron activation analysis for internal uranium and thorium in quartz are reported. Natural germanium EPR signals are observed in pegmatitic quartz samples and one granitic quartz. Pegmatitic quartz exhibits germanium EPR center growth competing strongly with E' center growth, apparently leading to depleted natural concentrations of E' centers. Calculations of lattice vacancy accumulation associated with alpha recoil damage are presented and compared with concentrations of paramagnetic oxygen vacancies in the quartz. Based on the results reported, the potential and problems associated with dating quartz are discussed, relating both to accumulated lattice damage and the additive dose methods.
Windows into Mathematical Minds

Fermat's Enigma. The Epic Quest to Solve the World's Greatest Mathematical Problem. SIMON SINGH. Walker, New York, 1997. xx, 315 pp., illus. $23, ISBN 0-8027-1331-9.
A polynomial time computation of the exact correlation structure of k-satisfiability landscapes

The autocorrelation function and related correlation length are statistical quantities that capture the ruggedness of the fitness landscape: a measure that is directly related to the hardness of a problem for certain heuristic search algorithms. Typically, these quantities are estimated empirically by sampling along a random walk. In this paper, we show that a polynomial-time Walsh decomposition of the k-satisfiability evaluation function allows us to compute the exact autocorrelation function and correlation length for any given k-satisfiability instance. We also use the decomposition to compute a theoretical expectation for the autocorrelation function and correlation length over the ensemble of instances generated uniformly at random. We find that this expectation is invariant to the constrainedness of the problem as measured by the ratio of clauses to variables. However, we show that filtered problems, which are typically used in local search studies, have a bias that causes a significant deviation from the expected correlation structure of unfiltered, uniformly generated problems.
Some Properties of Hoelter's CN

Reviews, critiques, and simulation studies are available for the chi-square and other measures of goodness of fit for structural equation models. The main exception is Hoelter's critical N (CN) statistic. In this article we present some of the properties of CN, explain why a fixed cutoff value for CN often favors large samples over small ones, and illustrate some of these characteristics with simulated and empirical data. We also describe the ambiguities involved in treating CN as a gauge of the power of the chi-square test.
Reduced HRASG12V-Driven Tumorigenesis of Cell Lines Expressing KRASC118S

In many different human cancers, one of the HRAS, NRAS, or KRAS genes in the RAS family of small GTPases acquires an oncogenic mutation that renders the encoded protein constitutively GTP-bound and thereby active, which is well established to promote tumorigenesis. In addition to oncogenic mutations, accumulating evidence suggests that the wild-type isoforms may also be activated and contribute to oncogenic RAS-driven tumorigenesis. In this regard, redox-dependent reactions with cysteine 118 (C118) have been found to promote activation of wild-type HRAS and NRAS. We sought to determine if this residue is also important for the activation of wild-type KRAS and promotion of tumorigenesis. Thus, we mutated C118 to serine (C118S) in wild-type KRAS to block redox-dependent reactions at this site. We now report that this mutation reduced the level of GTP-bound KRAS and impaired RAS signaling stimulated by the growth factor EGF. With regards to tumorigenesis, we also report that oncogenic HRAS-transformed human cells in which endogenous KRAS was knocked down and replaced with KRASC118S exhibited reduced xenograft tumor growth, as did oncogenic HRAS-transformed KrasC118S/C118S murine cells in which the C118S mutation was knocked into the endogenous Kras gene. Taken together, these data suggest a role for redox-dependent activation of wild-type KRAS through C118 in oncogenic HRAS-driven tumorigenesis.
On Segregation: Ordering and Measuring

The concept of segregation is perhaps most easily introduced in the context of the distribution of students of differing ethnicity in the various schools in a particular urban school district. At issue is whether the ethnic distribution of students is different, at times markedly different, from school to school. Mathematically, this corresponds to a question about dependence in a given two-way contingency table. In this paper we describe a suitable segregation ordering and discuss its relationship with a spectrum of segregation measures which have been proposed in the literature.
A comparison study of computed tomography and laparoscopy in the staging of abdominal neoplasms.

Thirty patients who underwent both computed tomography and laparoscopy were viewed retrospectively to evaluate the usefulness of each modality in the staging of abdominal neoplasms. In 20 of the cases, identical diagnostic information was obtained by each procedure. Eight patients had significant findings detected by computed tomography that were not detected at laparoscopy. Two patients had small peritoneal implants detected by laparoscopy alone. In our limited series, computed tomography with directed skinny needle biopsy appeared to have significant advantages over laparoscopy because it was less invasive, permitted imaging of areas not seen at laparoscopy, and was capable of whole-body imaging. Nevertheless, laparoscopy appeared useful in staging neoplasms which characteristically seed via peritoneal implants.
Lack of Relationship Between Acceptance and Knowledge of Asthma in School‐Age Children and Early Adolescents

diagnosed with asthma have difficulty accepting their condition. This study is part of an ongoing program of research designed to increase understanding of the adolescent process of coming to acceptance. The purpose was to explore relationships among variables in the Acceptance of Asthma Model. DESIGN AND METHODS. A cross-sectional, theory-testing design with a sample of 94 students ages 9 to 14 years. RESULTS. Acceptance was dependent on psychosocial influences and disease characteristics rather than knowledge of asthma.
Improved vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using plastic envelopes

Abstract A conceptually simple method of vertical gel electrophoresis is presented. It involves the use of pliable plastic envelopes to house individual gels and their constituent buffer reservoirs and electrical systems completely submersed in coolant separate from other gels. In conjunction with a common cooling tank this envelope technique provides unusual versatility for running a variety of different type gels simultaneously.
Thermochemistry of exothermic gas atmospheres

Annealing processes often use exothermic gas as a furnace atmosphere to protect against oxidation. A mathematical model of such a process was used to determine the effects of generator temperature, heat exchanger temperature, generator air-methane ratio and furnace temperature on the equilibrium composition of the furnace atmosphere. For temperatures above 700 °C, the only gas phase reaction which need be considered is the water gas shift reaction. At lower temperatures it is possible to form methane from CO and H2 and, below about 600 °C, CO can decompose resulting in loss of carbon from the atmosphere. Both methane formation and carbon loss tend to make the furnace atmosphere more oxidizing. Because of slow reaction rates, neither the formation of methane nor loss of carbon is likely to approach equilibrium, even if the water gas shift reaction reaches equilibrium. The implications of these factors for furnace atmosphere control are discussed.
Effects of massive ascites on measurement of cardiac ejection fraction via multi-gated acquisition (MUGA) scanning

A patient with massive ascites secondary to ovarian carcinoma was found to have a low cardiac ejection fraction as measured by multi-gated acquisition (MUGA) scanning. Because of this low measurement, she was not treated with Adriamycin for fear of cardiac toxicity. Because the MUGA was felt to be incorrect, we performed simultaneous echocardiography and then repeated the MUGA scan after removal of 9000 cc of ascites fluid. The echocardiogram showed an ejection fraction in excess of 50% and the MUGA performed after paracentesis revealed an ejection fraction of 63% (an increase of 133%). We conclude that the MUGA is an inaccurate way to assess cardiac ejection fraction in the presence of massive ascites and that other ways to assess cardiac function should be used when there is need to determine such function in patients with massive ascites.
NUMA-aware multicore Matrix Multiplication

A user-level scheduling along with a specific data alignment for matrix multiplication in cache-coherent Non-Uniform Memory Access (ccNUMA) architectures is presented. Addressing the data locality problem that could occur in such systems potentially alleviates memory bottlenecks. We show experimentally that an agnostic thread scheduler (e.g., OpenMP 3.1) from the data placement on a ccNUMA machine produces a high number of cache-misses. To overcome this memory contention problem, we show how proper memory mapping and scheduling manage to tune an existing matrix multiplication implementation and reduce the number of cache-misses by 67% and consequently, reduce the computation time by up to 22%. Finally, we show a relationship between cache-misses and the gained speedup as a novel figure of merit to measure the quality of the method.
Treatment of Graves' disease and the course of ophthalmopathy

Purpose Contradictory results have been obtained with regards to the effect of various treatment modes on the exacerbation of Graves' ophthalmopathy, probably because the number of patients in each study was small and some studies were analyzed only in relation to one type of treatment. To circument these problems, we studied the course of Graves' ophthalmopathy after various modes of therapy for thyrotoxicosis among 537 patients with Graves' disease. Patients and methods A total of 537 patients with Graves' disease were prospectively studied over an 11-year period. Thirty-one patients were lost to follow-up during the first six months after treatment and were excluded from the study. Of those remaining, 426 received one form of treatment, 79 received two kinds of therapy, and one received three kinds of therapy. Thus, surgical treatments numbered 164, radioactive iodine-131 (131I) treatments numbered 241, and medical treatments numbered 182. Ocular signs were considered improved or exacerbated by the following criteria: decrement or increment of the exophthalmos of 2 mm or more, improvement or deterioration of visual acuity, and regression or progression of extraocular muscle involvement causing diplopia. Results Among patients who did not have infiltrative ophthalmopathy before treatment, there was no difference in the occurrence of posttreatment exophthalmos in the surgically, medically, and 131I-treated patients (7.1%, 6.7%, and 4.9%, respectively). The incidence and the degree of progression of ophthalmopathy in patients who already had exophthalmos before treatment were similar in the medically, surgically, and 131I-treated groups (19.2%, 19.8%, and 22.7%, respectively). Most of the progression occurred in the posttreatment euthyroid stage. The incidence of improvement of ophthalmopathy was also similar (14.1%, 12.6%, and 12.3% in the medically, surgically, and 131I-treated patients). Conclusion In conclusion, we found no influence of type of therapy for thyrotoxicosis on the clinical course of Graves' ophthalmopathy in this retrospective study of 537 patients.
The Dimensions of Library Service Quality: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the LibQUAL+ Instrument

Abstract The LibQUAL + instrument has been widely adopted by libraries to evaluate user perceptions of library service quality. Studies combining groups (e.g., Lane et al., 2012) have shown high correlations between two factors, suggesting the possibility that a two-factor model may fit as well as the three-factor model theorized by the developers. Also, previous studies have not closely examined residuals to analyze local misfit in the context of theory but instead have often correlated error terms to improve model fit. This study uses LibQUAL + responses from undergraduates at a public, comprehensive university to test three-factor, two-factor, and one-factor models of user perceptions of library service quality. Global fit indices indicated that both two-factor and three-factor models were empirically supported, but the three-factor model had better theoretical support. Furthermore, this article adds to the literature the unique perspective of residual analysis and builds theoretical arguments in the interpretation of the final model. Areas of local misfit suggest the need for independent studies to examine residuals. If areas of misfit repeat across institutional populations, that could suggest the potential for further instrument development, while if areas of misfit are unique to institutional populations, this could target areas for institutions to investigate more closely.
Targeted vertical cross-sectional imaging with handheld near-infrared dual axes confocal fluorescence endomicroscope

We demonstrate vertical cross-sectional (XZ-plane) images of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence with a handheld dual axes confocal endomicroscope that reveals specific binding of a Cy5.5-labeled peptide to pre-malignant colonic mucosa. This view is perpendicular to the tissue surface, and is similar to that used by pathologists. The scan head is 10 mm in outer diameter (OD), and integrates a one dimensional (1-D) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) X-axis scanner and a bulky lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based Z-axis actuator. The microscope images in a raster-scanning pattern with a ±6 degrees (mechanical) scan angle at ~3 kHz in the X-axis (fast) and up to 10 Hz (0–400 μm) in the Z-axis (slow). Vertical cross-sectional fluorescence images are collected with a transverse and axial resolution of 4 and 5 μm, respectively, over a field-of-view of 800 μm (width) × 400 μm (depth). NIR vertical cross-sectional fluorescence images of fresh mouse colonic mucosa demonstrate histology-like imaging performance with this miniature instrument.
Gender differences in socioeconomic returns to family migration in Malaysia: the role of family decision making versus labor market stratification.

In this article I examine gender differences in the effect of family migration on socioeconomic attainment in Malaysia. The analysis discerns the relative importance of gender roles in household migration decisions, compared to gender stratification in the labor market. The Malaysian economy has undergone rapid industrialization and great structural changes which have opened up new economic opportunities, particularly for women. Despite the somewhat advantaged position of women compared to men in the Malaysian labor market. I find that men experience much greater socioeconomic gains than women from family migration. Hence indicating that family migration decisions in Malaysia, rather than optimizing family gains, compensate for the gender effect in the labor market. However, the gains of Malaysian men are more assured when they move alone. Data for the study come from the second round of the Malaysian Family Life Survey.
Enhancing the effectiveness of the psychiatric chief resident

Despite its importance in psychiatry residency training, there is little written about the role of chief resident. Invoking principles of credibility, continuity, and inclusion, and the establishment of two roles as legislative and representative leader this article offers a model for how a residency program can empower its chief resident to act decisively, make meaningful contributions to training and ultimately enhance his or her effectiveness. The authors review the literature on the psychiatry chief resident and identify ambiguity as a common and powerful impediment to effective leadership. The authors present a model for psychiatry residency programs to enhance chief resident effectiveness based on the three components of credibility, continuity, and inclusion, and elucidate how each improves chief resident leadership. The authors identify two integral leadership roles of the chief resident, those of the legislative and representative leader and discuss how each empowers the chief resident to act decisively. The authors assert that if psychiatry residency programs elect the chief resident by involving both faculty and residents, grant a year-long term and include him or her in all major decisions that involve the residency, the chief resident is far more likely to make meaningful contributions to the training program.
Neural-networks-based adaptive control of flexible robotic arms

Abstract This paper studies the use of RBF neural networks as key components of adaptive controllers aimed at controlling flexible robotic arms. The RBF networks in the proposed controllers are in charge of approximating the inverse dynamics of the arm. To this end, an efficient control law that exploits the approximation capabilities of RBF networks and the stabilizing properties of a servo loop is developed. A stability analysis for the proposed system is carried out and a series of results are discussed in detail. These results are encouraging as they serve to analyze the learning and adaptation behavior of RBF networks and also show the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Far-Infrared Spectra of Inorganic Nitrate and Chloride Glasses, Liquids, and Crystals: Complex Ions or Optical Phonons?

Polyethylene‐sandwiched films of glassy and viscous liquid metal nitrate, nitrate–chloride, and chloride mixtures, sufficiently thin for their absorption spectra in the far ir to be determined in direct transmission studies, have been prepared. Comparisons of the spectra of these amorphous phases with spectra of the same thin‐film samples after crystallization, have been made. Intense absorption bands arising from the vibrations of the quasilattices are observed in all instances, and in the case of the Cd(NO3)2 + TlNO3 glasses and liquids, the separate modes are almost as well defined as for the crystalline double salt TlNO3·Cd(NO3)2. The dependence of lattice vibration frequencies on cation charge and mass, and on cation mole fraction within a given binary system, have been studied. In the mixed systems frequency shifts to both high and lower values than those found in the individual components are observed. No reflections of the abrupt changes in thermodynamic and flow properties, which occur at the gla...
Predictors of College Students' Levels of Knowledge and Concern about Nuclear War

There is a growing interest regarding college student attitudes, knowledge, and concern about the potential threat of nuclear war. The present study attempted to identify salient political, psychological, and educational variables that might account for differing levels of concern and knowledge about nuclear war among college students. The results of two multiple regression analyses indicated that a greater interest in international affairs, less trust in government, more exposure to sources of nuclear war information, and being female contributed to greater concern about nuclear war. Having more political knowledge in general, being male, being more a Democrat than Republican, and having a greater interest in international affairs contributed to more knowledge about nuclear war. The results are discussed in light of their implications for university education.
Mussel mortality in the Gulf of La Spezia, Italy

Abstract High mortality of mussels on culture-ropes observed during dredging operations in the Gulf of La Spezia, Italy, was due primarily to reduced levels of dissolved oxygen. Mud particles blocking the mantle cavity produced suffocation, and their presence on the valves and in the vicinity of the mussels produced a high BOD which markedly reduced the oxygen concentration in the water. The effect of soluble and insoluble phases of copper released from the perturbed mud and re-suspended in the water column is difficult to ascertain, but under certain conditions it may have introduced additional mechanical and physiological stress.
Comparison of SU(3) phenomenologies in the sd shell.

The SU(3) representations occurring in the seniority-zero subspace of an isospin-invariant version of the fermion dynamical symmetry model (monopole and quadrupole pairing model) for the sd shell are presented. Comparisons are made, on a phenomenological level, of the resulting band structure, that arising from the most symmetric orbital states in the standard SU(3) classification, and the data. Both schemes are able to reflect most trends in the data, each failing, however, in different nuclei, to explain naturally certain specific features.
Bone mineral density and fractures in older men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma

Summary In 5,541 community dwelling men, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or asthma was associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) at the spine and total hip and an increased risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures independent of age, body mass index, and smoking. Men prescribed with corticosteroids had the lowest BMD.
Ber Analysis of a Cooperative Random Access Protocol in Rayleigh Fading Channels

A random access protocol for wireless networks was recently proposed that via cooperation of network nodes can resolve collisions and thus achieve high throughput. In this paper, we provide analytical expressions for the Bit-Error-Rate (BER) performance of that scheme in a Rayleigh flat fading scenario. Our analysis indicates that the spatial diversity introduced by user cooperation enables lower BER than non-cooperative protocols that avoid collisions, such as ALOHA or TDMA. The BER performance shows that the cooperative random access protocol is best suited for variable rate traffic. The analytical results are validated via simulations.
The Hall-Effect Analog Multiplier

The application of the Hall effect to a general-purpose four-quadrant multiplier is discussed. Circuit diagrams for the transistor amplifiers are given. An evaluation of the experimental results is given for a breadboard model of the multiplier. Static accuracies on the order of 1 per cent to 3 per cent are obtained for the Hall channel and the magnetic channel, respectively. Bandwidths of 25 kc and 1.3 kc are achieved for the Hall channel and the magnetic channel, respectively.
FinFET design considerations based on 3-D simulation and analytical modeling

Design considerations of the FinFET have been investigated by three-dimensional (3-D) simulation and analytical modeling in this paper. Short-channel effects (SCE) of the FinFET can be reasonably controlled by reducing either silicon fin height or fin thickness. Analytical solution of 3-D Laplace's equation is employed to establish the design equations for the subthreshold behavior in the fully depleted silicon fins. Based on the 3-D analytical electrostatic potential in the subthreshold region, the threshold voltage (V/sub th/) roll-off and the subthreshold swing (S) are estimated by considering the source barrier changes in the most leaky channel path. V/sub th/ roll-off is an exponential function of the ratio of effective channel length to drain potential decay length, which can then be expressed as a function of the fin thickness, the fin height and the gate oxide thickness. The drain-potential decay lengths of single-gate fully depleted SOI MOSFET (FDFET), double-gate MOSFET (DGFET), rectangular surrounding-gate MOSFET (SGFET), and FinFET are compared. The drain potential scaling length and V/sub th/ roll-off can be included into a universal relation for convenient comparison.
E-018 Flow-Diversion for Complex Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of flow-diversion for treatment of large and complex middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms Method We conducted a retrospective review of the clinical charts of all patients who underwent PED placement for aneurysm at our institution from October 2010 to October 2013. We included 10 patients of which 5 had large MCA aneurysms and 3 had giant ones. Fusiform unruptured aneurysms represented 7 of all 10 aneurysm. Angiographic and clinical follow-up were available for all patients mostly between 7 and 12 months. Results We had no technical complications, no periprocedural morbidity and mortality. On follow-up we had no hemorrhagic complication, no aneurysm rupture and only one clinically significant thromboembolic event in a patient who discontinued antiplatelet therapy against medical advice. One patient had completely occluded his diseased vessel but remained asymptomatic. The overall complication rate is 3/10. On follow-up complete occlusion occurred in 7 patients (7/9). Conclusion PED treatment for large, giant and bifurcation MCA aneurysms was feasible, with satisfying complete-occlusion rate, no mortality and reasonable morbidity rate. Disclosures M. Zanaty: None. N. Chalouhi: None. S. Tjoumakaris: None. L. Gonzalez: None. R. Rosenwasser: None. P. Jabbour: None.
Being Bad in a Video Game Can Make Us Morally Sensitive

Abstract Several researchers have demonstrated that the virtual behaviors committed in a video game can elicit feelings of guilt. Researchers have proposed that such guilt could have prosocial consequences. However, this proposition has not been supported with empirical evidence. The current study examined this issue in a 2×2 (video game play vs. real world recollection×guilt vs. control) experiment. Participants were first randomly assigned to either play a video game or complete a memory recall task. Next, participants were randomly assigned to either a guilt-inducing condition (game play as a terrorist/recall of acts that induce guilt) or a control condition (game play as a UN soldier/recall of acts that do not induce guilt). Results of the study indicate several important findings. First, the current results replicate previous research indicating that immoral virtual behaviors are capable of eliciting guilt. Second, and more importantly, the guilt elicited by game play led to intuition-specific increa...
InGaAs Tunneling Field-Effect-Transistors With Atomic-Layer-Deposited Gate Oxides

In0.7Ga0.3As tunneling field-effect-transistors (TFETs) using the p+ (6 nm)/undoped (6 nm) tunneling junction with 5-nm HfO2 gate oxides have been demonstrated with an on-current of 50 μA/μm and a minimum subthreshold swing (SS) of 86 mV/dec. The impacts of tunneling junction structures on TFETs' performance have been investigated. It has been found that In0.7Ga0.3As TFETs with the p+ (4 nm)/undoped (8 nm) tunneling junction provide ~ 80% higher on -currents than In0.7Ga0.3As TFETs with the p+ (6 nm)/undoped (6 nm) junction, and In0.7Ga0.3As TFETs exhibit much higher on-currents than In0.53Ga0.47As TFETs. Different atomic-layer-deposited gate oxides have been used, and Al2O3/HfO2 bilayer gate oxides effectively improve the SS compared with HfO2 single gate oxide. The effects of equivalent oxide thickness scaling and operating temperatures on the on-current, the SS, and the gate-bias-dependent Esaki diode behavior have been also investigated.
Analysis and tuning efficiency optimization of magnetically tuned printed E-plane circuit filters

The tuning efficiency of a metal insert filter loaded with ferrite slabs is defined and analyzed. Three parameters which dominate the filter tunability (ferrite slab thickness, distance to the narrow waveguide wall, and ferrite saturation magnetization) are discussed. An optimum combination of these parameters has been found, and a novel filter design based on the model scattering method is presented. The improved filters can be tuned over 60-70% of a standard waveguide band with an insertion loss between 1 and 3 dB, depending on frequency. >
Characteristics of Court-Mandated Batterers in Four Cities Diversity and Dichotomies

Background and test data, including information from the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III), were systematically collected from four geographically distributed batterer programs as part of a multisite evaluation of batterer intervention (N = 840). The men appeared similar demographically to those in previous portrayals of courtmandated batterers, except that this sample had a greater portion of African American and Latino men than did previous studies. Several dichotomies appear among the men that might influence intervention, such as differences in living arrangements, education, employment, and drinking. Over half of the men in the sample had been arrested for offenses other than domestic violence. Over half of the men had “alcoholic” tendencies according to the MAST, and over one quarter showed evidence of severe mental disorders on the MCMI-III. The four programs reflected regional differences in demographics but had relatively similar...
The Use of Inverse Dynamics Solutions in Direct Dynamics Simulations

Previous attempts to use inverse dynamics solutions in direct dynamics simulations have failed to replicate the input data of the inverse dynamics problem. Measurement and derivative estimation error, different inverse dynamics and direct dynamics mod­ els, and numerical integration error have all been suggested as possible causes of inverse dynamics simulation failure. However, using a biomechanical model of the type typically used in gait analysis applications for inverse dynamics calculations of joint moments, we produce a direct dynamics simulation that exactly matches the measured movement pattern used as input to the inverse dynamic problem. This example of successful inverse dynamics simulation demonstrates that although differ­ ent inverse dynamics and direct dynamics models may lead to inverse dynamics simulation failure, measurement and derivative estimation error do not. In addition, inverse dynamics simulation failure due to numerical integration errors can be avoided. Further, we demonstrate that insufficient control signal dimensionality (i.e., freedom of the control signals to take on different "shapes"), a previously unrecog­ nized cause of inverse dynamics simulation failure, will cause inverse dynamics simulation failure even with a perfect model and perfect data, regardless of sampling frequency.
Fibrous skeleton and ventricular outflow tracts in double-outlet right ventricle

Twenty-four hearts in which both great arteries arose from the right ventricle were studied to establish variations present within the fibrous skeleton and infundibular morphologies. Variations were also noted in the location of the ventricular septal defect and measurements were obtained of the outlet septum and the circumferences of the arterial valves. Completely muscular subarterial infundibulums were present in only 9 (37.5%) of the hearts, with varying degrees of fibrous continuity between the leaflets of the arterial and atrioventricular valves in the remainder. The aorta was rightward and posterior in 12 (50%) of the hearts, and subaortic and subpulmonary ventricular septal defects were present in equal numbers in this group. No subaortic defects were present when the aorta was side-by-side and right-sided. No subpulmonary defects were present in hearts with a posterior aorta. The mean ratio of 0.91 +/- 0.36 for the subpulmonary to subaortic length of the outlet septum was significantly less than the value of 1.54 +/- 0.41 noted previously in hearts with tetralogy of Fallot (p less than 0.001).
A new sensing method for Electrical Capacitance Tomography

A new sensing method, termed Multiple Excitation Capacitance Polling (MECaP), has been developed to improve the efficiency of Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT). Instead of applying one excitation signal to an electrode at a time, the MECaP technique progressively applies an increasing number of excitation signals to multiple electrodes, and measures the capacitance values simultaneously, thereby increasing the scanning speed significantly. A numerical model of a MECaP-based sensor system has been developed using the Finite Element method. Results obtained from simulation and experiment demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of the new sensing technique and its applicability to a broad range of commercial and industrial applications where capacity measurement provides an efficient means for non-invasive monitoring of dynamic processes.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS MODELING USING ADVANCED SIMULATION

This paper presents a product development process modeling and analysis technique using advanced simulation. The model computes the probability distribution of lead time in a resource -constrained project network where iterations take place among sequential, parallel and overlapped tasks. The model uses the design structure matrix representation to capture the information flows between tasks. In each simulation run, the expected durations of tasks are init ially sampled using the Latin Hypercube Sampling method and decrease over time as the model simulates the progress of dynamic stochastic processes. It is assumed that the rework of a task occurs for the following reasons: (1) new information is obtained from overlapped tasks after starting to work with preliminary inputs, (2) inputs change when other tasks are reworked, and (3) outputs fail to meet established criteria. The model can be used for better project planning and control by identifying leverage points for process improvements and evaluating alternative planning and execution strategies. A n industr ial example is used to illustrate the utility of the model.