cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of detection probability and some applications

Test-pattern generation for high fault coverage is an expensive and time-consuming process. As an alternative circuits can be tested by applying random or pseudorandom patterns. To analyze random testing without fault simulation, the number of vectors that detect a fault in each fault class must be enumerated. A fault-detection function whose number of minterms is identical to the fault detectability is constructed. Extensions are made to the Cutting algorithm to evaluate the signal probability of the detection or its bounding functions. The signal probability can then be converted easily into an exact detectability or narrow detectability range associated with each fault. >
Lymphocyte subsets in granulomas of human tuberculosis: an in situ immunofluorescence study using monoclonal antibodies.

Summary The immunophenotypic characteristics of lymphocyte sub-populations in tissue lesions of human tuberculosis were investigated in 18 cases. Frozen sections of affected cervical lymph nodes were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies using avidin-biotin immunofluorescence technique. The mean percentage of cells staining with different antibodies was as follows: CD3 44%; CD4 43%; CD8 36%; HLA-DR 86%; and IgM 29%. The mean CD4/CD8 ratio was 1.3:1. Leu7 and CD1 staining cells were very sparsely distributed in the granulomas. Thus, infection with tuberculosis is associated with a predominantly T cell infiltrate in lesional tissues. The proportion of CD4 positive (helper/inducer) cells at these sites is much lower than that seen (i) in the normal circulation, (ii) in reactive lymph nodes and (iii) at the site of purified protein derivative (PPD) injection in healthy tuberculin-responsive individuals.
Space Shuttle RTOS Bayesian network

NASA has proposed various upgrades for the Space Shuttle that are consistent with national space policy. The cockpit avionics upgrade (CAU) has been selected as the next major upgrade. The primary functions of cockpit avionics include flight control, guidance and navigation, communication, and orbiter landing support. Secondary functions include provision of operational services for nonavionics systems such as data handling for payloads and caution and warning alerts to the crew. Recently, a process to select the optimal commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) real-time operating system (RTOS) for the CAU was conducted by United Space Alliance (USA) Corporation, a joint venture between Boeing and Lockheed Martin, the prime contractor for space shuttle operations. In order to independently assess RTOS selection, NASA has used the Bayesian network-based scoring methodology described in this paper. The two-stage methodology addresses the issue of RTOS acceptability by incorporating functional, performance and nonfunctional software measures related to reliability, interoperability, certifiability, efficiency, correctness, business, legal, product history, cost and life cycle. The first stage of the methodology involves obtaining scores for the various measures using a Bayesian network. The Bayesian network incorporates causal relationships between the various measures of interest while also assisting the inherently complex decision analysis process with its ability to reason under uncertainty. The structure and selection of prior probabilities for the network is extracted from experts in the field of real-time operating systems. Scores for the various measures are computed using Bayesian probability. In the second stage, multi-criteria trade-off analyses are performed between the scores. Using a prioritization of measures from the decision-maker, trade-offs between the scores are used to rank order the available set of RTOS candidates.
Phylogeny of Acridocarpus-Brachylophon (Malpighiaceae): implications for tertiary tropical floras and Afroasian biogeography.

A major tenet of African Tertiary biogeography posits that lowland rainforest dominated much of Africa in the late Cretaceous and was replaced by xeric vegetation as a response to continental uplift and consequent widespread aridification beginning in the late Paleogene. The aridification of Africa is thought to have been a major factor in the extinction of many African humid-tropical lineages, and in the present-day disparity of species diversity between Africa and other tropical regions. This primarily geologically based model can be tested with independent phylogenetic evidence from widespread African plant groups containing both humid- and xeric-adapted species. We estimated the phylogeny and lineage divergence times within one such angiosperm group, the acridocarpoid clade (Malpighiaceae), with combined ITS, ndhF, and trnL-F data from 15 species that encompass the range of morphological and geographic variation within the group. Dispersal-vicariance analysis and divergence-time estimates suggest that the basal acri- docarpoid divergence occurred between African and Southeast Asian lineages approximately 50 million years ago (mya), perhaps after a southward ancestral retreat from high-latitude tropical forests in response to intermittent Eocene cooling. Dispersion of Acridocarpus from Africa to Madagascar is inferred between approximately 50 and 35 mya, when lowland humid tropical forest was nearly continuous between these landmasses. A single dispersal event within Acridocarpus is inferred from western Africa to eastern Africa between approximately 23 and 17 mya, coincident with the widespread replacement of humid forests by savannas in eastern Africa. Although the spread of xeric environments resulted in the extinction of many African plant groups, our data suggest that for others it provided an opportunity for further diversification.
Robotic Approaches in the Obese Patient

Obesity is a rapidly increasing epidemic throughout the developed world, and the obese form a significant proportion of patients presenting for colorectal surgery. The laparoscopic approach in these patients, especially those with malignancy, is difficult and has higher morbidity rates, significant propensity for conversion and poorer oncologic outcomes in some studies. The robotic platform provides attractive benefits including superior vision, stable retraction and unmatched instrument dexterity, all of which facilitate minimally invasive surgery in the obese though it continues to remain difficult. The greatest benefit of the robotic technique is seen in the performance of total mesorectal excision in the obese individual with a distal rectal cancer.
A Countable, Connected, Locally Connected Hausdorff Space

(1969). A Countable, Connected, Locally Connected Hausdorff Space. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 169-171.
Alkaline Phosphatase in Normal and Diseased Human Muscle

SummaryThe activity of alkaline phosphatase in skeletal muscle from normal persons and from patients with various myopathies and neuropathies was determined by a quantitative technique. Increased e...
The Bus Driver's Sanity Problem

Todd Will (towill@davidson.edu) joined the department of mathematics at Davidson College in 1993 after receiving his Ph.D. from the University of lllinois and his B.A. from Carleton College. As a contributing author of the text Matrices, Geometry & Mathematica he is currently seeking interesting applications of the singular value decomposition. He enjoys playing squash and ultimate Frisbee and serving on the Davidson volunteer fire department.
Some Economic Aspects of Ground Water Projects Executed by the United Nations in Developing Countries

Abstract In the course of the last 25 years, the United Nations has been involved in the execution of some 150 projects for ground water exploration, development and management in about 70 countries around the world. The paper tries to draw some conclusions on the economic aspects involved in the activities of the last two decades, for the benefit of the international community. The supply of water to communities on the edge of survival and settled on the finges of dessert areas cannot be weighed in economical terms only. Fixing population in their homelands is a major issue. In that case economics must phocus on getting maximum benefits from the scarce resources available and avoid major losses through mismanagement and soddy construction. While the cost/benefit ratio cannot really be ascertained, it can be substantially reduced when costs are put under control and minimized.
Los primeros centros de Petén: Ceibal

Nuevas investigaciones en Ceibal confirmaron que se trato de uno de los primeros asentamientos en el Peten. En ese sitio se localizo la arquitectura ritual mas antigua de la region, asociada con ofrendas que contenian objetos de estilo olmeca, lo que indica interacciones con el area del Golfo de Mexico. Estos nuevos descubrimientos significan un cambio en la historia de la fundacion de la civilizacion maya.
Cutting the Cord in Virtual Reality

Today's virtual reality (VR) headsets require a cable connection to a PC or game console. This cable significantly limits the player’s mobility and hence her/his VR experience. The high data rate requirement of this link (multiple Gbps) precludes its replacement by WiFi. Thus, in this paper, we focus on using mmWave technology to deliver multi Gbps wireless communication between VR headsets and their game consoles. The challenge, however, is that mmWave signals can be easily blocked by the player's hand or head motion. We describe novel algorithms and system design that allow such mmWave links to sustain high data rates even in the presence of a blockage, enabling a high quality untethered VR experience.
Comparing Strategic and Opportunistic Approaches to Land Conservation: A Case Study of the New Mexico Land Conservancy

ABSTRACTAmerica's local land trusts and national conservation groups have protected 49 million acres of private land from development through purchases and conservation easements. Given limited funds to conserve biodiversity, open space, and agricultural land, groups face methodological challenges in choosing where and when to initiate projects. Sites with high priority and high vulnerability should ideally be conserved first. For well-financed national nongovernmental organizations like The Nature Conservancy, this strategic logic can be followed. Smaller land trusts, though, often lack the resources and personnel to maintain a long-term focus on conservation targets. Strategic and opportunistic approaches to land conservation are compared using a case study of the projects completed by the New Mexico Land Conservancy. This statewide land trust now protects 145,000 acres in diverse settings. Some 79 percent of these acres were conserved using strategies and spatial targeting. The advantages and disadvant...
Range estimates and habitat use of invasive Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix): evidence of sedentary and mobile individuals

Unregulated rivers provide unobstructed corridors for the dispersal of both native and invasive species. We sought to evaluate range size and habitat use of an invasive species (Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in an unimpounded river reach (Wabash River, IN), to provide insights into the dispersal of invasive species and their potential overlap with native species. We hypothesized that range size would increase with fish length, be similar among sexes, and vary annually while habitats used would be deeper, warmer, lower velocity, and of finer substrate. Silver Carp habitat use supported our hypotheses but range size did not vary with sex or length. 75% home range varied annually, suggesting that core areas occupied by individuals may change relative to climate-based factors (e.g., water levels), whereas broader estimates of range size remained constant across years. Ranges were often centered on landscape features such as tributaries and backwaters. Results of this study indicate habitat and landscape features as potential areas where Silver Carp impacts on native ecosystems may be the greatest. Observed distribution of range sizes indicates the presence of sedentary and mobile individuals within the population. Mobile individuals may be of particular importance as they drive the spread of the invasive species into new habitats.
Even priceless has to have a number: congregational halo effect

The value that religious congregations provide to their urban communities was never challenged yet never fully assessed. Using the methodology of valuation, we attempted to provide a monetary value...
The Effect of Thermal Gas Motion on Microbalance Measurements

This paper is a survey of research relevant to disturbances in gravimetric measurements that result from Brownian motion and thermal gas flow (thermomolecular flow, slip flow, and convection). Methods for elimination or minimization of the disturbances are reviewed and discussed. The application of microgravimetric methods for investigating gas flow is mentioned briefly.
PRESLAUGHTER HANDLING | Design of Stockyards, Lairages, Corrals, Races, Chutes, and Loading Ramps

Distractions that cause animals to stop moving or turn back must be removed. Some common causes of such balking are: reflections, dark race entrance, air blowing at approaching animals, and seeing moving people or equipment. Nonslip flooring is essential in stun boxes, races, and unloading ramps. If a restraint device or head holder causes cattle or pigs to bellow or squeal, it has either a design or operation problem that must be corrected. The stockyard/lairages should be laid out on a 60–80° angle. There should be one-way traffic through the pens. Round crowd pens should be a full 180° half circle. This takes advantage of the natural behavior of animals to go back to where they came from. The layout of the junction between the single file race and the crowd pen must be correct. If the race appears as dead end, animals will refuse to enter.
Ventricular fibrillation - Dynamics and ion channel determinants

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death. This brief review addresses issues relevant to the dynamics of the rotors responsible for functional reentry and VF. It also makes an attempt to summarize present-day knowledge of the manner in which the dynamic interplay between inward and outward transmembrane currents and the heterogeneous cardiac structure establish a substrate for the initiation and maintenance of rotors and VF. The fragmentary nature of our current understanding of ionic VF mechanisms does not even allow an approach toward a "Theory of VF". Yet some hope is provided by recently obtained insight into the roles played in VF by some of the sarcolemmal ion channels that control the excitation-recovery process. For example, strong evidence supports the idea that the interplay between the rapid-inward sodium current and the inward-rectifier potassium current controls rotor formation, as well as rotor stability and frequency. Solid evidence also exists for an involvement of L-type calcium current in the control of rotor frequency and in determining VF-to-ventricular tachycardia conversion. Less clear, however, is whether or not time dependent outward currents through voltage-gated potassium channels affect the fibrillatory process. Hopefully, taking advantage of currently available approaches of structural, molecular and cellular biology, together with computational and imaging techniques, will afford us the opportunity to further advance knowledge on VF mechanisms.
Predictors of Readmission After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy

Abstract Background Risk factors for hospital readmission after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are poorly understood. Methods The American College of Surgeons–National Surgical Quality Improvement Program databases from 2011 to 2016 were used to identify all patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC. Demographic, clinical, and perioperative variables were examined using logistic regression to identify factors associated with 30-d postoperative readmission. Results Among 618 patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC, 96 (15.5%) required hospital readmission within 30 d of surgery. The incidence of readmission decreased over the study period (18.3% in 2011 to 4.8% in 2016). Among the 59 patients who were readmitted and had complete data available, readmission occurred on mean postoperative day 18.5 ± 5.5; the most common reasons for readmission were digestive complications (39.0%), postoperative infections (25.4%), uncontrolled pain (8.5%), and venous thromboembolism (5.1%). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, increasing age (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.05), number of operative procedures (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.25), perioperative complication (OR 7.06, 95% CI 3.96-12.59), need for reoperation (OR 10.21, 95% CI 3.50-29.83), and length of stay (OR 0.93, 0.90-0.97) were associated with hospital readmission. Conclusions In this population-based analysis of patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC, older age, perioperative complications, need for reoperation, and extent of cytoreduction were associated with hospital readmission. The American College of Surgeons–National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database is a powerful research tool that can be used to identify opportunities to improve the perioperative care of surgical patients.
Eplerenone for the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: 3-year clinical experience.

Background/aims The efficacy of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone to treat chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) has been established. However, previous studies have been limited by small cohort size and short follow-up duration. This study aims to report 3-year clinical outcomes of patients treated with eplerenone for chronic CSCR. Methods Institutional review board-approved retrospective chart analysis at a single institution from 2012 to 2018. Baseline best-corrected visual acuity and anatomical measurements related to degree of subretinal fluid (SRF) were collected at eplerenone initiation. Follow-up data were collected at the closest date to 12, 24 and 36 months. Results Data were obtained for 100 eyes of 83 patients at 1-year (mean 11.18 ± 4.00 months), 49 eyes at 2-year (24.01 ± 3.33 months) and 33 eyes at 3-year (mean 35.5 ± 7.89 months) follow-up visits. The rate of complete SRF resolution was 31%, 28% and 33%, respectively. At final follow-up, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity change from baseline was +0.10 ± 0.24 (p = 0.130). Average change from baseline at final follow-up for central subfield thickness was -97 ± 140.6 µm (p Conclusion Anatomical improvement occurs primarily within the first year of eplerenone treatment for chronic CSCR.
Two-year-olds succeed at MIT: Multiple identity tracking in 20- and 25-month-old infants.

Abstract Infants’ ability to remember objects and their locations emerges during the first year of life. However, not much is known about infants’ ability to track objects’ identities in a dynamic environment. Here, we tailored the delayed match retrieval eye-tracking paradigm to study infants’ ability to track two object identities during occlusion—an infant version of multiple identity tracking (MIT). Delayed match retrieval uses virtual “cards” as stimuli that are first shown face up, exposing to-be-remembered information, and then turned face down, occluding it. Here, cards were subject to movement during the face-down occlusion period. We used complex non-nameable objects as card faces to discourage verbal rehearsal. In three experiments (N = 110), we compared infants’ ability to track object identities when two previously exposed cards were static (Experiment 1), were moved into new positions along the same trajectory (Experiment 2), or were moved along different trajectories (Experiment 3) while face down. We found that 20-month-olds could remember two object identities when static; however, it was not until 25 months of age that infants could track when movement was introduced. Our results show that the ability to track multiple identities in visual working memory is present by 25 months.
Low Vitamin D is associated with coronary atherosclerosis in women with HIV

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency is underdiagnosed and undertreated, especially among people living with HIV (PLWH). Recently, there has been an increased interest in the role of vitamin D in cardiov...
Image Diagnosis: Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Mimicking an Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the Setting of Anti-Depressant Therapy Withdrawal.

CASE PRESENTATION A 77-year-old woman with a history of bipolar disorder, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and previous tobacco use presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with acute shortness of breath and diaphoresis. The patient was initially anxious and tearful upon presentation to the ED. While she denied acute emotional or social stressors, she did note abruptly stopping her venlafaxine (brand name Effexor) approximately 3 weeks before. Results of an initial electrocardiogram (ECG) showed an ectopic atrial rhythm with marked diffuse ST-segment elevation most prominent in the anterolateral leads (Figure 1). Results of bedside echocardiography demonstrated a large territory of hypokinesis involving all apical segments with hypercontractile basal segments (Figure 2). Emergent invasive coronary angiography was performed, which demonstrated no obstructive coronary artery disease. Initial troponin I level was 1.26 ng/mL (normal < 0.04 ng/mL). Results of a subsequent ECG obtained at 4-week follow-up illustrated resolution of previously seen ST elevations, now with anterolateral T-wave inversions (Figure 3). Results of repeat echocardiography at 4-week follow-up demonstrated normalization of left ventricular systolic function and no segmental wall-motion abnormalities.
Reflectance imaging spectroscopy in heritage science

The present paper focuses on the reflectance spectral imaging of painted surfaces in the visible-near infrared spectral region (400–2500 nm). Other spectral ranges and methods are mentioned, to contextualize the spectral investigation of works of art.
The relation between color and spatial structure for interpreting colormap data visualizations.

Interpreting colormap visualizations requires determining how dimensions of color in visualizations map onto quantities in data. People have color-based biases that influence their interpretations of colormaps, such as a dark-is-more bias-darker colors map to larger quantities. Previous studies of color-based biases focused on colormaps with weak data spatial structure, but color-based biases may not generalize to colormaps with strong data spatial structure, like "hotspots" typically found in weather maps and neuroimaging brain maps. There may be a hotspot-is-more bias to infer that colors within hotspots represent larger quantities, which may override the dark-is-more bias. We tested this possibility in four experiments. Participants saw colormaps with hotspots and a legend that specified the color-quantity mapping. Their task was to indicate which side of the colormap depicted larger quantities (left/right). We varied whether the legend specified dark-more mapping or light-more mapping across trials and operationalized a dark-is-more bias as faster response time (RT) when the legend specified dark-more mapping. Experiment 1 demonstrated robust evidence for the dark-is-more bias, without evidence for a hotspot-is-more bias. Experiments 2 to 4 suggest that a hotspot-is-more bias becomes relevant when hotspots are a statistically reliable cue to "more" (i.e., the locus of larger quantities) and when hotspots are more perceptually pronounced. Yet, comparing conditions in which the hotspots were "more," RTs were always faster for dark hotspots than light hotspots. Thus, in the presence of strong spatial cues to the locus of larger quantities, color-based biases still influenced interpretations of colormap data visualizations.
Dukungan Kesehatan Jiwa Dan Psikososial (DKJPS) COVID-19 Pada Masyarakat Kategori “Orang Sehat” Di Desa Seretan Kecamatan Lembean Timur, Sulawesi Utara

ABSTRAK Mewabahnya virus corona (COVID-19) saat ini, menjadi ancaman dan tantangan besar bagi seluruh negara di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Hingga saat ini, jumlah penderita covid-19 terus meningkat. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah namun belum menunjukkan penurunan jumlah kasus. Hal ini menimbulkan masalah baru (stressor) bagi masyarakat salah satunya adalah masalah psikologis. Beredarnya informasi yang tidak adekuat (hoax), kesulitan berinteraksi sosial, masalah ekonomi, ketidakpastian akan berakhirnya masa pandemi dan lainnya membuat masyarakat menjadi mudah khawatir, panik, khawatir, cemas, gelisah, stres, tertekan, takut dan berbagai masalah psikologis lainnya. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan mengatasi masalah psikososial bagi masyarakat di masa pandemi ini. Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan yaitu pemberian edukasi (penyuluhan) dan latihan relaksasi bagi masyarakat kategori “orang sehat”. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan relaksasi pada masyarakat Desa Seretan Kecamatan Lembean Timur. Dengan demikian, pemberian penyuluhan ini memberikan banyak manfaat bagi masyarakat. Kata Kunci : DKJPS, Covid-19, Orang Sehat, Penyuluhan Kesehatan ABSTRACT The outbreak of the corona virus (COVID-19) is currently a major threat and challenge for all countries in the world, including Indonesia. Until now, the number of people with Covid-19 continues to increase. Various attempts have been made by the government but have not shown a decrease in the number of cases. This creates new problems (stressors) for the community, one of which is a psychological problem. The circulation of inadequate information (hoaxes), difficulties in social interaction, economic problems, uncertainty over the end of the pandemic and others make people anxious, panic, anxious, anxious, anxious, stressed, depressed, afraid and various other psychological problems. The purpose of this activity is to increase knowledge and ability to overcome psychosocial problems for the community during this pandemic. The activities carried out consist of providing education (counseling) and relaxation exercises for the category of "healthy people" or not exposed to Covid. There has been an increase in knowledge and relaxation skills in the people of Seretan Village, East Lembean Regency. The conclusion is that this education provides many benefits for the community. Keyword : Mental Health And Pyscosial Support, Covid-19, Healthy People Category, Health Education
Community Narrative as a Borderlands Praxis: Anzaldúa’s Mestiza Consciousness as Explored in Cortez’s Sexile

I apply Gloria Anzaldua’s “borderlands theory” to Jamie Cortez’s Sexile, an HIV/AIDS prevention publication created as a first-person narrative of the journey of queer, trans activist Adela Vasquez who fled to the US from Cuba in 1980. I argue that Sexile is a borderlands text and operationalizes Anzaldua’s mestiza consciousness at various levels— ranging from the essence of the text and what its existence represents to the literary techniques used in the telling of Adela’s narrative. In the first half of this paper, I explore Anzaldua’s borderlands theory and the ethos of Sexile as a text, including Vazquez’s story as inherently a borderland narrative; as a product of democratized knowledge; the praxis of the text’s creation; and the technology of the graphic novel. Throughout the second half, I look more closely at the content of the text using close reading to explore notions of the “borderland” represented throughout Adela’s narrative. Through both its content and the praxis of creation, Sexile represents the power of graphic medicine in illustrating the nuances of narratives at the interstices of marginalized identities and captures the multitudes and ambiguities of trauma, loss, rebirth, kinship, and joy at the margins.
Pre-treatment MRI of leukaemia and lymphoma in children: are there differences in marrow replacement patterns on T1-weighted images?

To investigate the prevalence and distribution of specific marrow patterns on pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations in children with leukaemia and lymphoma and with respect to the anatomic location. This retrospective IRB-approved and HIPAA-compliant study included children with leukaemia or lymphoma who underwent pre-treatment MRI examinations over 18 years (between 1 January 1995 and 31 August 2013). Two radiologists blinded to the clinical diagnosis reviewed each study to determine the presence or absence of abnormal marrow signal and, when present, sub-categorised the pattern into diffuse, patchy, or focal abnormal marrow. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare marrow patterns between leukaemia and lymphoma. The study included 50 children (32 males and 18 females; mean age 9.5 ± 5.3 years) with 54 MRI examinations (27 leukaemia and 27 lymphoma) that included 26 spine and 28 non-spine studies. Marrow replacement was present on 43 (80%) studies, significantly more common with leukaemia than with lymphoma (p = 0.039). The diffuse replacement pattern was significantly more common with leukaemia when compared to lymphoma (p < 0.001) and the focal pattern was only observed with lymphoma. In the spine, the diffuse pattern was observed with lymphoma (3/14, 21%). All patients with leukaemia and MRI outside of the spine showed marrow involvement. Marrow replacement is common on MRI from children with leukaemia and lymphoma. A diffuse pattern was significantly associated with leukaemia on studies outside of the spine and a focal pattern was only observed with lymphoma, independently of the anatomic location. • Bone marrow replacement on pre-treatment MRI examinations in children with leukaemia and lymphoma was observed in 93% (25/27) and 67% (18/27), respectively. • Diffuse pattern of marrow replacement was significantly more common in leukaemia even though this pattern was also observed with lymphoma on the spine MRI studies. • Focal pattern of marrow replacement was present only with lymphoma and not with leukaemia regardless of the anatomic location.
Being fat: women, weight, and feminist activism in Canada: by Jenny Ellison, University of Toronto Press, 2020

Centering fatness and fat activism in Canada historically, politically, and culturally, the book, Being Fat: Women, Weight, and Feminist Activism in Canada, by Jenny Ellison critically engages with...
Anoxia hormesis following overwintering diapause boosts bee survivorship and adult performance.

Abstract Insect pollination is a crucial component of our ecosystems and biodiversity, but our reliance on this ecosystem service has much broader implications. We depend on these pollination services to produce materials and food. But insect pollinators, especially bees, are in strong decline due to a plethora of factors, least of which are environmental abiotic stressors like climate change. The alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata, is the world's most managed solitary bee and is particularly vulnerable to changes in temperature. This species spends up to ten months overwintering while being exposed to the lowest temperatures of winters and the hottest temperatures of late summer. This results in usage of energy reserves prematurely and asynchronous spring emergence with their food resource. To understand the stress response of these bees and potentially boost their performance, we applied a hormetic framework where bees were exposure to different doses of anoxia (the absence of oxygen) to trigger hormesis; a low-dose stimulatory response known to lower damage and improve performance. We used hormesis on immature bees as a post-winter treatment with the goal of improving springtime performance in adults. One hour of anoxia had no negative effect on adult springtime emergence and bees were quick to recover. These bees were more active than untreated bees, as resistant to starvation, and as long-lived. Higher exposure to anoxia (3 h) was found to be mildly hormetic and 6-h exposures were detrimental. Anoxia hormesis did not represent a significant cost on the energy reserve of overwintering bees but we found that the age at which anoxia is applied will affect the effectiveness of treatment. Our data suggest that anoxia hormesis is a viable intervention to improve springtime performance in overwintering bees.
Weight and Body Image Perceptions in Nutrition and Dietetics University Students

Stereotypical and prejudicial attitudes towards people considered overweight or obese are documented in professionals ranging from physicians, nurses, fitness and general nutrition professionals, and registered dietitian nutritionists (RDN) and may introduce barriers to equitable care. To identify the prevalence of anti-fat attitudes (AFA); fat phobia (FPS); and body appreciation scores (BA) in nutrition and dietetics’ students (ND) and non-nutrition and dietetics’ students (NND) through a cross-sectional design. During 2018, students (n=297) from two California State Universities completed a survey including three validated instruments. Additionally, height, weight, and waist circumference were collected using NHANES procedures. A series of ANCOVA’s and correlation coefficients were computed. Significant differences existed in BA between ND (M=3.61, SD=0.66) and NND students (M=3.81, SD=0.70); t(288) = 2.49, p=0.013. Scores indicated existing anti-fat attitudes and fat phobia. Significant positive correlations existed between FPS and anthropometrics. Weight related perceptions were identified. A need exists for a fundamental evidence-based training specifically focused on knowledge and awareness related to health metrics and social justice pedagogy to help RDN work unbiasedly with patients of all shapes.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Elbow Fractures

Trauma is a recent application of elbow arthroscopy. The complex anatomy of the elbow may necessitate extensive surgical approaches, potentially from multiple directions. Elbow arthroscopy can afford excellent exposure of the joint with minimal additional surgical trauma. When applied to elbow fractures, arthroscopy can improve the visualization of the articular surface and, via magnification, facilitate precise reduction. In order to achieve this however, many details regarding patient positioning, instrumentation, portal placement, and specific techniques unique to arthroscopic fracture management need to be observed. We describe our techniques for the treatment of capitellum fractures, anterior coronal shear fractures, unicondylar distal humerus fractures, coronoid fractures, radial head fractures, and pediatric lateral condyle fractures with elbow arthroscopy.
Observations of Deep-Reef Ichthyofauna from the Bahama and Cayman Islands, with Notes on Relative Abundance and Depth Distribution

Observations of fish species inhabiting vertical wall habitats were conducted in the Bahama and Cayman islands. Twenty-three species from 12 families were recorded from various sites during the study. Number of species and abundance of individuals decreased with depth on the escarpments observed. Gramma melacara was the only species found throughout the depth ranges on all escarpments observed. Information about these habitats is sparse and more investigations are warranted. INTRODUCTION In situ observations of deep-reef fishes have been sparse, most often conducted from submersibles, as in Colin (1974, 1976) and Starck and Colin (1978). Observations of fish species inhabiting vertical wall habitats were conducted at three sites along the northernmost section of the Tongue of the Ocean in the Bahama Islands from September 22, 1980, through October 2, 1980, and on one site in the Cayman Islands, British West Indies, from November 21, 1980, through November 28,1980 (Table 1). TABLE 1. Location, date, and depth of each wall dive conducted.
Rotor to Base Control of Rotating Machinery to Minimize Transmitted Force

One significant source of noise that radiates from submarines originates from vibrations in rotating machinery. The rotating shaft is subject to a number of forces, Fext, such as unbalance;- fluid forces on impellers, seals, bearings, et cetera. Shaft vibrations result from these forces which can be transmitted through the machine base to the submersible support, structure, or hull. In a similar fashion, noises in buildings, airplanes, surface ships and large production facilities frequently emanate from rotors and are transmitted to the supports and ultimately cause discomfort to human beings.
Barriers to breast cancer control for African-American women: the interdependence of culture and psychosocial issues.

BACKGROUND. This study evaluates the cultural context of the behaviors and beliefs of African-American women to determine the success or failure of breast cancer prevention and control interventions. Cultural and psychologic reactions, such as fear, distrust, fatalism, and other historic rooted factors, are major determinants to participation in these interventions by African-American women. METHODS. Psychosocial and cultural issues were delineated through a literature review in the areas of cancer prevention, breast cancer control, and African-American women. Assessments were conducted to document key successful models and activities that increased the participation of African-American women in breast cancer prevention and control interventions. Current community-based intervention strategies and activities were assessed. RESULTS. Effective breast cancer prevention and control programs must address and develop cultural competent models that promote behavioral change in this population of women. CONCLUSIONS. Studying the relationship between culture and psychosocial issues is integral to our understanding of how African-American women participate and respond to cancer prevention and control interventions. Cultural competent models that reduce and eliminate cancer disparities in this population must be developed.
An energy and communication efficient group key in sensor networks using elliptic curve polynomial

Sensor nodes have limited computation and battery power, and are not very reliable. A sensor network needs to be secure against eavesdrop when it is deployed in hostile environments. In order to provide security at low cost, symmetric key based approaches [11] have been proposed. In [9], an elliptic curve cryptography based approach has been implemented to facilitate the public-key cryptography. However, these schemes become ineffective in terms memory usage, communication time and energy required with the rapidly growing network size. We propose an Energy and Communication Efficient Group key management (ECEG) scheme which reduces the usage of memory, communication and energy in sensors. This scheme designed based on the idea that each node is pre-loaded with a key chain and an elliptic curve. In our scheme instead of computing the key by collaborating with other nodes a point of the elliptic curve broadcasted from the base station is used to compute the key. The simulations conducted using TinyOS [15] shows that ECEG scheme significantly improves the communication and energy usage in computing the key over EccM [9].
Chapter 11 Nerve root stimulation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses root stimulation (RS) methods and the evidence for the site of stimulation. It discusses the merits and drawbacks of these techniques and describes the clinical utility of this methodology. RS methodologies enlarge the size and current density of the electrical field so that the proximal portions of the motor nerve roots are stimulated. Therefore, RS methods provide a means by which motor nerve conduction studies may be performed from the motor nerve roots to the target muscle. RS techniques are capable of activating the proximal portions of the motor and sensory nerve roots resulting in nerve action potentials. One main criticism of RS techniques is that it is highly technique-dependent, requiring an additional degree of expertise; analogous to the differences between routine needle electromyography (EMG) and single fiber EMG, (SFEMG). While it is true that SFEMG and RS require an advanced skill set, the information that may be obtained from RS increases the sensitivity of diagnosing pathology in the proximal portions of the motor nerves.
Studies on the Isolation and Molecular Properties of Homogeneous Globular Actin: EVIDENCE FOR A SINGLE POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN STRUCTURE

Solutions of globular actin have been isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle and purified by repetitive cycles of the reversible globular ⇄ fibrous transformation. Electrophoretic, ultracentrifugal, and gel filtration studies of these preparations revealed the presence of multiple macromolecular components. On the other hand, solutions of G-actin isolated by molecular exclusion chromatography exhibited a high degree of particle homogeneity. An appreciable, yet variable, fraction (15 to 75%) of the total protein isolated from acetone powders by reversible polymerization procedures is not globular actin. The predominant impurity is devoid of both ADP and ATP, and it is not transformed to fibrous actin in the presence of dilute aqueous KCl. Gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-200) eliminates this material. In agreement with earlier studies of Adelstein, Godfrey, and Kielley (4), this procedure represents a valuable preparative feature in the isolation of chemically homogeneous, monomeric actin. In the presence of dilute aqueous solutions of KCl, the chromatographically isolated protein is quantitatively transformed to F-actin. Molecular weight studies indicate that the mass of electrophoretically homogeneous G-actin is close to 46,000 g per mole (Mn0 = 46,500 and Mw0 = 45,800). When the reduced S-carboxymethylated protein is transferred to concentrated solutions of guanidine-HCl, the particle weight remains essentially unchanged (Mn0 = 47,600 and Mw0 = 47,800). This information implies that globular actin is constructed from a single, covalently linked poly-peptide chain.
The role of an amygdalo-nigrostriatal pathway in associative learning

The present study examined the role of an amygdalo-nigrostriatal pathway in associative learning. An asymmetrical lesion model was used to test whether a circuit from the amygdala central nucleus to the dorsolateral striatum, via the substantia nigra, is critical for mediating conditioned orienting responses. Rats with an asymmetrical lesion, consisting of neurotoxic removal of central nucleus neurons in one hemisphere and depletion of the dopamine innervation of the dorsolateral striatum in the contralateral hemisphere, failed to acquire conditioned orienting responses. In contrast, the asymmetrical lesion had no effect on spontaneous orienting or learning another response directed to the source of the food unconditioned stimulus in the same task. A second experiment tested the effect of reversible inactivation of the dorsolateral striatum contralateral to a neurotoxic central nucleus lesion on acquisition of the conditioned orienting response. Although inactivation did not affect spontaneous orienting, rats failed to acquire the conditioned orienting response during sessions in which inactivation occurred. Immediately after the inactivation procedure was terminated, however, a significant increase in orienting to the conditioned stimulus was evident. These data support the interpretation that the dorsolateral striatum provides a route for the expression of the conditioned orienting response but is not essential for acquisition of this learned behavior.
Superconductivity and quantum criticality in CeCoIn5.

Electrical resistivity measurements on a single crystal of the heavy-fermion superconductor $\mathrm{C}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{I}{\mathrm{n}}_{\mathrm{5}}$ at pressures to 4.2 GPa reveal a strong crossover in transport properties near ${P}^{*}\ensuremath{\approx}1.6\text{ }\mathrm{G}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{a}$, where ${T}_{c}$ is a maximum. The temperature-pressure phase diagram constructed from these data provides a natural connection to cuprate physics, including the possible existence of a pseudogap.
Spatiotemporal responses of astrocytes, ramified microglia, and brain macrophages to central neuronal infection with pseudorabies virus

We examined the responses of astrocytes, ramified microglia, and brain macrophages to CNS neuronal infection with virulent or attenuated strains of a swine alpha herpesvirus (pseudorabies virus, PRV). After PRV inoculation of the rat stomach or pancreas, the temporal course of viral replication and induced pathology of infected neurons were assessed in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) and amygdala using an antiserum generated against PRV. Specific monoclonal antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), OX42, and ED1 and morphological criteria were used to classify non-neuronal cells. Both PRV strains infected DMV and motor neurons and then passed transneuronally to infect brainstem neurons that innervate the DMV. However, the onset of neuronal infection produced by the attenuated strain occurred approximately 20 hr later than infection with the virulent strain. Animals infected with the attenuated strain also survived longer, permitting transneuronal passage of virus into forebrain areas of the visceral neuraxis. Neuronal infection with both PRV strains produced consistent alterations in astrocytes, ramified microglia, and brain macrophages that correlated spatially and temporally with progressive stages of viral replication and neuronal pathology. Early stages of infection were characterized by increases in immunoreactivity for astrocytic GFAP and microglial OX42 that preceded overt signs of neuronal pathology. At later stages, GFAP immunoreactivity decreased dramatically in focal areas of neuronal infection while OX42 immunoreactivity continued to increase. Subsequently, ED1-immunoreactive brain macrophages infiltrated these infected areas. Double immunocytochemical labeling demonstrated that some astrocytes and brain macrophages were immunopositive for viral antigens but ramified microglia were not. The responses of glia and brain macrophages are consistent with a proposed role in restricting extracellular spread of virus by isolating or phagocytosing infected cells. These phenomena may contribute to the specific transneuronal transport exhibited by PRV.
Electromagnetic models of extragalactic jets

Relativistic jets may be confined by large‐scale, anisotropic electromagnetic stresses that balance isotropic particle pressure and disordered magnetic field. A class of axisymmetric equilibrium jet models will be described and their radiative properties outlined under simple assumptions. The partition of the jet power between electromagnetic and mechanical forms and the comoving energy density between particles and magnetic field will be discussed. Current carrying jets may be recognized by their polarization patterns. Progress and prospects for measuring this using VLBI and GLAST observations will be summarized.
Experimental determination of the critical cavity radius in Fe-10% Cr for ion irradiation

An ion bombardment experiment was designed to investigate the minimum critical radius, r/sub c/sup c*/, for the ferritic alloy Fe-10% Cr. Specimens were implanted with 300 appM Helium, annealed, and then irradiated to 30 dpa at 850K with 4-MeV Fe/sup 2 +/ ions. The specimens contained a bimodal cavity distribution consisting of a population of larger cavities (average radius 7.6 nm) and a population of smaller cavities (average radius 1.2 nm). The upper cut-off of the cavity radii for the smaller cavities, 2.5 nm, is interpreted as r/sub c/sup c*/. Theoretical calculations of r/sub c/sup c*/ for physically allowable combinations of bias, surface energy, vacancy migration energy, and vacancy formation energy and entropy were performed using the measured minimum critical radius and microstructural data. Thus, an indirect determination of these fundamental parameters was made for this alloy. The results suggest that a bias of approx. 0.2 is reasonable. An assessment of the possible values of the other fundamental parameters is given. In addition, the low irradiation-induced dislocation density (1 x 10/sup 13/m/sup -2/), which results in the ratio of the dislocation and cavity sink strengths, Q, being much less than unity, may be partially responsible for the low cavity growthmore » rate in this alloy.« less