cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactivity in a Decision Aid: Findings From a Decision Aid to Technologically Enhance Shared Decision Making RCT.

Introduction Colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) remains underutilized. Decision aids (DAs) can increase patient knowledge, intent, and CRCS rates compared with “usual care,” but whether interactivity further increases CRCS rate remains unknown. Study design A two-armed RCT compared the effect of a web-based DA that interactively assessed patient CRC risk and clarified patient preference for specific CRCS test to a web-based DA with the same content but without the interactive tools. Setting/participants The study sites were 12 community- and three university-based primary care practices (56 physicians) in southeastern Michigan. Participants were men and women aged 50–75 years not current on CRCS. Intervention Random allocation to interactive DA (interactive arm) or non-interactive DA (non-interactive arm). Main outcome measures Primary outcome was medical record documentation of CRCS 6 months after the intervention. Secondary outcome was patient decision quality (i.e., knowledge, preference clarification, and intent) measured immediately before and after DA use, and immediately after the office visit. To determine that either DA had a positive effect on CRCS adherence, usual care CRCS rates were determined from the three university-based practices among patients eligible for but not participating in the study. Results Data were collected between 2012 and 2014; analysis began in 2015. At 6 months, CRCS rate was 36.1% (95% CI=30.5%, 42.2%) in the interactive arm (n=284) and 40.5% (95% CI=34.7%, 46.6%) in the non-interactive arm (n=286, p=0.29). Usual care CRCS rate (n=440) was 18.6% (95% CI=15.2%, 22.7%), significantly lower than both arms (p Conclusions The interactive DA did not improve the outcome compared to the non-interactive DA. This suggests that the resources needed to create and maintain the interactive components are not justifiable. Trial registration This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01514786.
Eating Competence of Nutrition and Other Academic Majors Enrolled in an Undergraduate Introductory Nutrition Course (P16-008-19)

Objectives Research suggests that nutrition majors tend to have higher rates of eating disordered behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine eating competence between nutrition and other academic majors enrolled in an undergraduate introductory nutrition course.
Toward a health-promoting system for cancer survivors: Patient and provider multiple behavior change.

Objective This paper examines how and why to improve care systems for disease management and health promotion for the growing population of cancer survivors with cardiovascular multi-morbidities. Method We reviewed research characterizing cancer survivors' and their multiple providers' common sense cognitive models of survivors' main health threats, preventable causes of adverse health events, and optimal coping strategies. Results Findings indicate that no entity in the health care system self-identifies as claiming primary responsibility to address longstanding unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that heighten survivors' susceptibility to both cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and whose improvement could enhance quality of life. Conclusions To address this gap, we propose systems-level changes that integrate health promotion into existing survivorship services by including behavioral risk factor vital signs in the electronic medical record, with default proactive referral to a health promotionist (a paraprofessional coach adept with mobile technologies and supervised by a professional expert in health behavior change). By using the patient's digital tracking data to coach remotely and periodically report progress to providers, the health promotionist closes a gap, creating a connected care system that supports, reinforces, and maintains accountability for healthy lifestyle improvement. No comparable resource solely dedicated to treatment of chronic disease risk behaviors (smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, treatment nonadherence) exists in current models of integrated care. Integrating health promotionists into care delivery channels would remove burden from overtaxed PCPs and instantiate a comprehensive, actionable systems-level schema of health risks and coping strategies needed to have preventive impact with minimal interference to clinical work flow. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Merchant Princes, Missionaries and a Man-of-War (1807–1815)

The embargo of 1807 devastated direct trade between India and the United States. The impact of the embargo is seen in letters from Nusserwanji Maneckji Wadia to Ichabod Nichols, and from Luke Ashburner, a British entrepreneur in Bombay, to Nichols’ former shipmate, Jacob Crowninshield. When the embargo was lifted in 1809, a young supercargo named John Johnston sailed from New York to Bombay where he struck up a lasting friendship with Nusserwanji Maneckji. In 1810, Nusserwanji’s relative Jamsetji Bomanji, the master builder at the Bombay Dockyard, supervised the construction of the first man-of-war for the British Royal Navy. This ship, the HMS Minden later played a significant role in the Anglo-American War of 1812–1815. This period saw the arrival of the first (American) missionaries in Bombay, and the growth of American and Parsi involvement in the China trade, transporting tea, silk and porcelain to the United States and opium to China.
Precise Online Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Strategies for Li-Ion Batteries

This article presents an online electrochemical impe-dance spectroscopy (EIS) technique for a Li-Ion battery. A frequency sweeping method and a precise impedance measurement algorithm are used for the proposed online EIS technique. The proposed algorithm consists of fast Fourier transformations, peak amplitudes, and phase difference estimations. Additional instrumentation with offset clipping and amplifying circuits expand the accuracy of the signal measurement. The offset clipping circuit increases the ripple to measurement voltage ratio without phase delay. The amplifying circuit gives more resolution for the ripple voltage. The proposed instrumentation ensures the precise measurement of ripple voltage and current. The proposed impedance measurement algorithm fulfills the precision level required for industrial Li-Ion battery. To validate the proposed approach, a 40-Ah 13.6 V Li-Ion battery charger was built using a synchronous buck converter and an Opal-RT based controller. The proposed spectroscopy technique will be useful to track and estimate internal electrochemical conditions of a battery.
Induction of p53 by Coenzyme Q10 via modulation of mdm2 and p14

1819 Cancer is second only to heart disease as the leading cause of death in the United States. It is a group of diseases that form when precipitating factors such as loss of cell cycle control, immunosurveilance, and apoptotic potential occurs in the presence of neovascularization to fuel the tumor microenvironment with nutrients which facilitate oncogenesis. The tumor suppressor protein p53 serves to maintain genomic stability and trigger apoptosis where irreparable harm or mutative insult compromises nuclear machinery. Our research group has previously demonstrated that Coenzyme Q10 (Q10) induces apoptosis via a Bcl-2 dependent mechanism in cancer cell lines originating from the skin (melanoma, squamous cell), multiple breast, prostate, bone, liver, and the eye. Conversely, data suggest that normal skin and mammary fibroblasts, keratinocytes, melanocytes, and aortic smooth muscles cells are not adversely affected. We observed an average of 55% reduction in tumor size in 30 days in a murine melanoma model where 1% and 1.5% of a liposomal cream was applied topically. Tumor histology revealed a disruption in vascular arrangement and an overall attenuation of angiogenesis. It is noteworthy that 50% of all cancers exhibit a mutation in p53; however data suggest that the mutation may not be as prevalent in melanoma. Interestingly, expression of mdm2 and p14ARF, negative and positive regulators of p53 respectively are genetically dysregulated in over 50% of melanomas. A compromised p53 pathway, due to altered expression of mdm2 and p14ARF leads to an altered apoptotic state. This may lead to loss of balance between the Bcl-2 family members that may essentially confer resistance to chemotherapeutic intervention. Hence, we examined the effect of Coenzyme Q10 on p53, mdm2, and p14ARF in human melanoma cells (Skmel28). In addition, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 levels were measured to confirm that end-point effectors of apoptosis were activated and cell death occurred. All cells were treated for 0-12 hours in the presence and absence of 50µM and 100µM Q10 under physiologic conditions after which total protein was isolated and subjected to Western blot analysis to measure p53, p14ARF, and mdm2, Bcl-2, and caspase-3. The results showed a significant increase in p53 and p14ARF while mdm2 was significantly decreased. The data suggest that Q10 is able to restore p53 levels and function in melanoma by regulating mdm2 and p14 ARF in a manner that is pro-apoptotic. Moreover, Bcl-2 levels were significantly decreased while caspase-3 was concurrently activated suggesting that programmed cell death had been committed to by administration of Q10. Taken together, the data herein suggest that Q10 is able to modulate factors that restore the integrity and role of p53 in apoptosis in cancer. This works contributes to an increased understanding into the molecular mechanism of oncogenesis while lending promising supporting evidence for the use of Coenzyme Q10 as an anti-cancer agent.
Integrated Generator-Rectifier Co-Design for Offshore Wind Turbines

Harvesting offshore wind energy conventionally relies on multi-megawatt direct-drive permanent-magnet synchronous generators equipped with full-power-rated active rectifiers. Functional integration of the generator and rectifier has led to the creation of an integrated generator-rectifier system with higher efficiency, reliability and power density. In this architecture, power electronics weight and efficiency depend on the generator inductance, while at the same time, the generator design must be optimized for weight and efficiency to realize the potential system-level benefits. This paper proposes a framework using the generator per-unit reactance as a handshake variable to co-design the generator and power electronics. The design approach enables the reduction of the system weight and conversion losses by 25% and 61%, respectively, for a 10-MW system. Using conservative assumptions, economic and reliability assessments show a 4.5% increase in annual energy production, a 9x reduction in long-term failure rate, and a 6.5% decrease in levelized cost of electricity.
A Triad of CMT1A Hereditary Neuropathy, Anti-neurofascin-155 IgG Antibodies and Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (P3.4-036)

Objective: To present a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome type 1A (CMT1A), anti-neurofascin antibodies and multiple sclerosis (MS). Background: While central demyelination has been described in the setting of both hereditary and inflammatory neuropathy, anti-neurofascin antibodies (anti-NF) have only been reported in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and MS. We report the first case of genetically-confirmed CMT1A, anti-NF and MS. Design/Methods: Case Report Results: A 24-year-old woman diagnosed with relapsing remitting MS 5 years prior presented with progressive difficulty walking. Symptoms were initially thought to be due to secondary progression given imaging stability. However, the presence of pes cavus, diffuse areflexia and familial history of gait abnormalities prompted further testing with EMG, which showed absent sensory responses, uniformly prolonged motor latencies and slowed conduction velocities (9m/s). Genetic testing confirmed PMP22 duplication consistent with CMT1A neuropathy. CSF showed normal cell count, normal glucose and a protein of 242. MRI CNS axis showed multiple non-enhancing white matter lesions throughout the brain and spinal cord as well as diffuse thickening and enhancement of cranial and spinal nerves. Neurofascin-155 IgG antibodies were positive in the serum. Conclusions: A small percentage of patients with CIDP may be positive for anti-NF, which may predict a favorable response to plasmapheresis and IVIG-refractory disease. However, when CNS demyelination is present, anti-NF seropositivity may indicate IVIG responsiveness. In patients with MS, a co-existent antibody-driven disease may warrant a change to a B-cell depleting therapy such as ocrelizumab or rituximab. The co-existence of a hereditary neuropathy such as CMT1A questions whether the anti-NF demyelination and MS are the results of the ongoing peripheral nerve damage with epitopic spreading, exposing neurofascin antigens to the immune system and resulting in a secondary demyelinating disease. Disclosure: Dr. Grebenciucova has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Multiple Sclerosis Association of America, Presence Health, and Tenet Healthcare Corporation. Dr. Tavee has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Foreword: Shall These Bones Live? Resurrecting Truth in American Law and Discourse

Professor Huhn introduces the topics addressed by the speakers at this symposium and reflects on how American institutions can restore respect for truth to social discourse.
Towards a Deeper Understanding of Yield Curve Movements

From a modeling perspective, daily movements in risk-free yield curves deserve further exploration. In this paper, I study daily yield curve changes for three major liquid sovereign yield curves, namely US, UK and Germany. I focus on two main themes: (1) characterizing the statistical distribution of the multivariate vector of daily yield curve changes, and (2) exploring efficiency of deep learning based dimensionality reduction approaches for the daily yield curve changes. Specifically, I am able to reject the null hypothesis that daily yield curve changes are normally distributed. I also show that a multivariate student-t distribution with 2 degrees of freedom or a gaussian mixture model are more accurate at capturing the leptokurtic distribution of daily yield curve changes. In addition, on the dimensionality reduction front, I show that a deep neural network auto-encoder outperforms a PCA based linear decomposition approach.
Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) with a novel robust control strategy.

Abstract With the advancement of technology, electric equipment and loads have become more sensitive to problems related to power quality, such as voltage sag, swell, imbalances, and harmonics. To detect faults and to protect sensitive loads from these voltage distortions, a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) series compensator is among the best available cost-effective solutions. One of the main goals of the DVR is to achieve a control structure that is robust, stable, and can handle properly the disturbances (e.g., grid voltage issues, load current, and fluctuations at the DC link voltage) and model uncertainties (e.g., inverters and filter parameters). In this work, a novel framework control strategy based on Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimator (UDE) is proposed to improve the response of the DVR to properly compensate the load voltage under a variety of power quality issues, particularly the ones associated with the grid voltage disturbances. Additionally, the stability of the proposed control system is analyzed and validated using the Lyapunov stability theory. The advantages of the new control system are robustness, simplified design, good harmonic rejection, low tracking error, fast response, and sinusoidal reference tracking without the need for voltage transformations or specific frequency tuning (e.g., abc-dq0 and Proportional-Resonant). This research uses the MATLAB/Simulink software to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme under a diverse set of conditions with no control limitations. Moreover, the designed controller is tested under real conditions using Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) validation with OPAL-RT real-time simulator coupled with a TI Launchpad microcontroller. The results demonstrate a good performance of the proposed control strategy for a quick transient response and a great harmonic rejection when subject to grid voltage distortions.
Dimensions of Cybersecurity Risk Management

Risk analysis and management are of fundamental importance in cybersecurity. The core elements of risk are threat, vulnerability, and impact. Risk management has a basis in cybersecurity technical policies, procedures, and practices. Dimensions of risk are also at higher levels, with major interconnections in issues of international relations and trade, safety, economic vitality, health, and human life. The work of this paper is focused on risk and closely related concepts. Details and analyses that pertain to security of cyber-physical systems and the role of intrusion detection and machine learning methodologies are included.
Implementing Systems Engineering in the Construction Industry: Literature Review for Research Alignment

The purpose of this paper is to prepare for the execution of a research project assessing the success of Systems Engineering in complex Norwegian construction projects from a technical subcontractor perspective. We examine a sample of 33 papers considering Systems Engineering in construction projects worldwide and elaborate on the context and design of the upcoming research project. From the literature, we learn that construction projects’ current discipline-oriented silos lead to sub-optimal interfaces and verification and validation challenges. The construction industry differs fundamentally from the manufacturing domain, emphasizing the design of the work rather than the system’s design in its systems engineering effort. The implementation of Systems Engineering is highly dependent on the level of competence among employees in the projects. The Norwegian construction industry is in an early phase of the implementation of Systems Engineering methods. With this project, we hope to illuminate some challenges and solutions for the Norwegian construction industry. Moreover, we look for lessons the Norwegian construction industry can learn from the construction industry globally to help mitigate challenges and accelerate the implementation of Systems Engineering methods.
Early adverse childhood experiences and exclusionary discipline in high school.

Abstract The use of school suspension and expulsion is a widespread phenomenon in American schools (Wallace et al., 2009; Owens and McLanahan, 2020). Yet, much of what we know about these exclusionary practices provide little insight into the personal biographies of the students themselves—specifically their histories of childhood trauma. Using measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), we examine the link between early ACEs (up to age 5) and school suspension/expulsion using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (1998–2010) (FFCWS). We find that a child with a cumulative ACE score are almost four times more likely to have been suspended or expelled. Importantly, this negative link persists even when accounting for factors known to be associated with ACEs and school discipline. This work offers new theoretical insight into how we understand discipline in school contexts and suggests the importance of trauma-informed interventions in the American education system.
Variation in copper sensitivity between laboratory and wild strains of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Abstract Ecological risk assessments of chemicals are frequently based on laboratory toxicity data from a small number of model species that may be reared in labs for years or decades. These populations can undergo many processes in the lab including artificial selection, founder effect, and genetic drift, and may not adequately represent their wild counterparts, potentially undermining the goal of protecting natural populations. Here we measure variation in lethality to copper chloride among strains of an emerging model species in toxicology, Caenorhabditis elegans. We tested four wild strains from Chile, Germany, Kenya, and Madeira (Portugal) against several versions of the standard laboratory N2 strain from Bristol, UK used in molecular biology. The four wild strains were more sensitive than any of the N2 strains tested with copper. We also found that the standard N2 strain cultured in the laboratory for >1 year was less sensitive than a recently cultured N2 strain as well as a cataloged ancestral version of the N2 strain. These results suggest that toxicologists should be cognizant of performing toxicity testing with long-held animal cultures, and should perhaps use multiple strains as well as renew cultures periodically in the laboratory. This study also shows that multi-strain toxicity testing with nematodes is highly achievable and useful for understanding variation in intra- and interspecific chemical sensitivity.
Early Adversities and Negative Affect in Young Adulthood: Does Family Income Matter?

Previous research has identified increased negative affect as a potential mechanism linking early adversities and later poor mental and physical health. Further, increased self-criticism associated with early adversities may partially explain the association between early adversities and negative affect. Early adversities are more common at lower income levels, and much of the previous research has focused on low-income samples. Hence, little is known about whether the association between early adversities and negative affect is similar across income levels. First, we examine the interactive effect of early adversities and family income on negative affect (anger, hostility, shame and guilt) in a sample of 180 young adults (52% female, 73.6% White, Mage = 21 years). Second, we examine whether self-criticism mediates the association between early adversities and negative affect using moderated mediation analyses. The interaction between early adversities and family income was significant for each outcome. Those from high-income families reported significantly more negative affect when exposed to more early adversities. Further, self-criticism mediated the relationship between early adversities and negative affect, and family income moderated this mediational path such that the mediational effect was stronger at high family income levels. Results are interpreted as consistent with the biological sensitivity to context theory, which suggests individuals from highly supportive and resource rich environments (e.g., high family income) should be more sensitive to stressors than those from moderately supportive, moderately safe environments (e.g., average family income), displaying worse outcomes when exposed to environmental stressors.
A critical review of the testing and benefits of permeability-reducing admixtures for use in concrete

Abstract Permeability-reducing admixtures (PRAs) are marketed as an option to improve the concrete durability and reduce water ingress in structures. Two categories of PRAs that have become more prominent recently are hydrophobic pore blockers and crystalline waterproofers. A literature review was performed to determine the composition, mechanism of action, test methods to indicate durability, and performance of PRAs in concrete, with focus on their use in infrastructure. The test methods for evaluating the performance of PRAs and their effects have varying degrees of frequency and standardization and there is a lack of consistency in the experimental methods used to evaluate PRAs based on the studies found in the literature; the dosage, water to cementitious ratio (w/cm), testing age, and mixture designs were variable. There remains a need for studies with both field and lab data to establish relationships between lab results and field performance to determine laboratory test method validity for PRAs.
The Activation State of the Integrin αIIbβ3 Affects Outside-in Signals Leading to Cell Spreading and Focal Adhesion Kinase Phosphorylation *

Abstract Integrins bind extracellular matrix and transduce signals mediating cell adhesion, spreading, and migration. It is unclear how these distinct responses follow from a common event: integrin clustering. We examined the relationship between integrin-mediated signals and the integrin's activation state using a cell line expressing αβ3 (Clone B) and a panel of monoclonal antibodies against this integrin. Nonactivating antibodies used to cluster αβ3 stimulated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation, regardless of affinity, subunit specificity, or ligand-blocking phenotype. Coated on plastic, these antibodies supported cell adhesion, spreading, and FAK phosphorylation. In contrast, clustering of αβ3 induced with activating antibodies, or binding of soluble fibrinogen to antibody-activated αβ3, did not induce FAK phosphorylation. Thus, clustering of αβ3 on Clone B does not necessarily result in FAK phosphorylation. Coated on plastic, activating antibodies supported cell adhesion, but not spreading or FAK phosphorylation. Therefore, it appears the resting, not the active form of αβ3, induces cell spreading and FAK phosphorylation in Clone B. These data indicate that “inside-out” signals may alter not only the binding specificity of an integrin, but the “outside-in” biochemical signals that integrin initiates as well. This activation state-linked signaling represents a novel mechanism, which may explain how diverse cellular responses are induced by integrin-matrix interactions.
Preparation and characterization of glasses in the Ag2S + B2S3 + GeS2 system

Abstract The glass forming range of the Ag2S + B2S3 + GeS2 ternary system was investigated for the first time and a wide range of ternary glasses were obtained. The Archimedes’ method was used to determine the densities of the Ag–B–Ge glasses. The thermal properties of these thioborogermanate glasses were studied by DSC and TMA. The Raman, IR and NMR spectroscopy were used to explore the short-range order structure of the binary (Ag–B) and (Ag–Ge) and ternary (Ag–B–Ge) glasses. The results show the presence of bridging sulfur tetrahedral units, GeS4/2 and AgBS4/2, and trigonal units, BS3/2, in the ternary glasses. Non-bridging sulfur units, AgSGeS3/2 and Ag3B3S3S3/2 six membered rings, are also observed in these glasses at higher Ag2S modification levels because the further addition of Ag2S results in the degradation of the bridging structures to form non-bridging structures. The NMR studies show that Ag2S goes into the GeS2 subnetwork to form Ag3S3GeS1/2 groups before going to the B2S3 subnetwork. In doing so, it is suggested that B10S20 supertetrahedra exist in Ag2S + B2S3 and Ag2S + B2S3 + GeS2 glasses. Significantly B–S–Ge bonds form in the B2S3 + GeS2 glasses, whereas they appear to be absent in the ternary glasses. From these observations, a structural model for these glasses has been developed and proposed.
The cereal thripsHaplothrips ganglbaueri Schmutz with particular reference to the trends of infestation onOryza sativa and the weedEchinochloa crusgalli

The trends of infestation ofHaplothrips ganglbaueri onOryza sativa and the weedEchinochloa crusgalli in paddy fields are discussed, along with its biological and taxonomical aspects.
Modeling Cellular Manufacturing Systems by Using Petri Nets

A cellular manufacturing system’s (CMS’s) control system must control short-term or suddenly-changing events and handle machine breakdowns. The control system’s performance can be evaluated by its ability to handle breakdowns and to monitor the cell operations. The dynamic behavior of the operations usually causes difficulties when using conventional modeling techniques. With Petri nets, the events such as tool breakage, machine breakdown, and part-type changing can be explicitly shown in the system model. In this paper, Petri nets are used to model CMSs and to express the differences between push and pull system control concepts.
Modeling Stormwater Storage/Treatment Transients: Theory

Mathematical models are derived from the principle of conservation of mass to represent the movement, decay, storage and treatment of stormwater runoff pollutants and dry weather wastewater flows through natural and engineered transport systems. Hourly urban runoff flows and pollutant mass loadings and concentrations are generated by continuous hydrologic and water quality computer simulation models. The transient response of stormwater storage/treatment systems to variable forcing functions of flow and concentration is determined for completely mixed systems of constant and variable volumes and for one-dimensional advective systems with dispersion.
Characterization of integration host factor (IHF) binding upstream of the cysteine‐rich protein operon (omcAB) promoter of Chlamydia trachomatis LGV serovar L2

Chlamydiae are bacterial parasites that carry out a distinct developmental cycle within host cells; however, the mechanisms by which these organisms regulate stage-specific gene expression are not known. We identified a DNA element located between nucleotide (nt) -135 and -90 upstream from the transcription start point of the late stage-specific CRP operon (omcAB) of Chlamydia trachomatis, to which a protein in extracts of chlamydiae harvested at 23 h after infection binds. A recombinant protein of C. trachomatis open reading frame (ORF) CT267, which is homologous to bacterial integration host factor (IHF) and the heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU), bound to the same element and produced the same DNase I footprint as the protein in chlamydial extracts. Recombinant ORF CT267 protein bound with high affinity to the DNA element and induced a sharp bend in a DNA fragment containing the binding site, suggesting that ORF CT267 encodes a protein with IHF-like activity, and recombinant protein had a positive effect on in vitro transcription of the CRP operon. IHF-binding activity and IHF protein were detected in extracts of C. trachomatis during the early to intermediate phases of the late stage of the developmental cycle (between 17 and 30 h after infection), but were absent in the extreme late phase of the cycle and in the infectious form of chlamydiae. The presence of an IHF binding site upstream of the CRP operon and the presence of chlamydial IHF-like protein when late stage genes are transcribed suggests that the chlamydial IHF may play a role in stage-specific gene expression.
Literature Review: Long-Term Complications of the Neurogenic Bladder

This is a review of the most recent literature on the long-term complications of the neurogenic bladder (NGB). It is widely accepted that this condition, when left untreated, has a natural history that has a potential for causing deterioration of renal function over time. Consensus has not been reached regarding what patient profiles are at highest risk for these complications, as well as what surveillance strategies should be adopted. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be more prevalent in the NGB population than previously reported in the literature, as creatinine may not accurately reflect true renal function in these patients. Risk factors for upper urinary tract (UUT) deterioration include loss of bladder compliance, repeated bouts of pyelonephritis, and presence indwelling catheterization. Reduced access to urologic care and lack of adequate surveillance are also correlated with increased risk of upper tract complications. The urodynamic evaluation (urodynamic study (UDS)) has an important role in diagnosing the patient’s underlying bladder pathology, but surveillance with UDS has not yet been linked to improved outcomes. Particularly vulnerable are those patients with decreased functional status or those requiring input from a multidisciplinary team. Some patients develop refractory NGB and UUT risk or overt deterioration. Treatment options that can offer benefit include onabotulinum A injections, augmentation cystoplasty with or without sling placement, or urinary diversion.
MEDIA COVERAGE OF PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES A Study of Popularity Prior to the 1976 National Nominating Conventions

Little research has focused on the media's influence during presidential campaigns. In this article we examine the relative levels of media coverage given candidates before the nominating conventions of 1976. Using a dynamic model, we find that a candidate's relative level of media attention is often a significant predictor of his popularity over time.
DNA distortion as a factor in nucleosome positioning.

In a previous report we constructed a synthetic DNA sequence that directed the deposition of histone octamers to a single site, and it was proposed that DNA distortion was involved in the positioning effect. In the present study we utilized the chemical probe potassium permanganate to identify sites of DNA distortion in the synthetic positioning sequence. A permanganate hypersite was identified 15 bp from the nucleosome pseudo-dyad at a site known to display DNA distortion in the mature nucleosome. The sequence of the site contained a TA step flanked by an oligo-pyrimidine tract. A series of substitutions were made in the region of the permanganate hypersite and the resulting constructs tested for affinity for histone octamers and translational positioning in in vitro studies. The results revealed that either a single base substitution at the TA step or in the adjacent homopolymeric tract dramatically affected affinity and positioning activity. The rotational orientation of the permanganate-sensitive sequence was shown to be important for functions, since altering the orientation of the site in a positioning fragment reduced positioning activity and octamer affinity, while altering the rotational orientation of the sequence in a non-positioning fragment had the opposite effects. A reconstituted 5 S rDNA positioning sequence from Lytechinus variegatus was also shown to display a permanganate hypersite 16 bp from its pseudo-dyad.
Paralinguistic intonation-rhythm intervention with a developmental stutterer

Abstract Researchers have been alerted to a possible link between speech fluency and its breakdown and cognitive-linguistic loading during the period of language acquisition. A child must acquire and maintain linguistic and extralinguistic properties of language for communication purposes. The intonation-rhythm intervention reported in this article is based on the theory that developmental stuttering is founded in the young child's limited knowledge of paralinguistic rules, which incapacitates planning of the suprasegmental features necessary for fluent speech. Therefore, the timing of speech is disrupted, and the motor planning for fluency is inappropriately coded and habitualized. The intervention focuses on the rules of intonation and uses motoric movement to teach them. The results indicate that this intervention is effective in reducing disfluencies. Further research in the possible linguistic-extralinguistic link in the development of stuttering is warranted.
High frequency mechanical ventilation affects respiratory system mechanics differently in C57BL/6J and BALB/c adult mice

We tested the hypothesis that high frequency ventilation affects respiratory system mechanical functions in C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice. We measured respiratory mechanics by the forced oscillation technique over 1h in anesthetized, intubated, ventilated BALB/c and C57BL/6J male mice. We did not detect any change in airway resistance, Rn, tissue damping, G, tissue elastance, H and hysteresivity, eta in BALB/c mice during 1h of ventilation at 150 or at 450 breaths/min; nor did we find a difference between BALB/c mice ventilated at 150 breaths/min compared with 450 breaths/min. Among C57BL/6J mice, except for H, all parameters remained unchanged over 1h of ventilation in mice ventilated at 150 breaths/min. However, after 10 and 30 min of ventilation at 450 breaths/min, Rn, and respiratory system compliance were lower, and eta was higher, than their starting value. We conclude that high frequency mechanical ventilation affects respiratory system mechanics differently in C57BL/6J and BALB/c adult mice.
Legal abortion: the public health record

The increasing availability and utilization of legal abortion in the United States has several important effects on public health in the 1970's. It reduced deaths and surgical complications among women of childbearing age; it made possible the development of safer surgical procedures for pregnancy termination; and it increased the provision of low-cost outpatient gynecologic services. There is some concern about potential adverse outcomes in future desired pregnancies and possibly higher risks of breast cancer in certain women.
The functional development of the calf II. Development of rumen function in the calf

1. Two experiments were conducted to study the development of rumen function in young dairy calves under different feeding regimes.2. The volume of the rumen contents increased with age whereas the volume of the abomasum contents tended to remain constant.3. The concentration of total volatile fatty acids in the rumen liquor of milk-fed calves with free access to pasture reached constant levels at 5 weeks of age. Restricting calves to an all milk diet delayed the development of adult levels of volatile fatty acids until such time as roughage became available.4. Levels of rumen ammonia were high soon after birth but showed a decline with age. An absence of roughage in the diet tended to maintain higher levels of rumen ammonia.5. The pH of rumen liquor showed a steady increase from birth to 17 weeks of age.6. Both volatile fatty acid and ammonia levels in the rumen showed a characteristic diurnal pattern of variation.7. High figures for the digestibility of pasture by young calves were obtained. When calves which had been restricted to an all milk diet were offered roughage they quickly attained a digestive efficiency comparable with calves which had access to pasture from birth.
Migration and relationship power among Mexican women.

Our study drew on original data collected in Durham, NC, and four sending communities in Mexico to examine differences in women’s relationship power that are associated with migration and residence in the United States. We analyzed the personal, relationship, and social resources that condition the association between migration and women’s power and the usefulness of the Relationship Control Scale (RCS) for capturing these effects. We found support for perspectives that emphasize that migration may simultaneously mitigate and reinforce gender inequities. Relative to their nonmigrant peers, Mexican women in the United States average higher emotional consonance with their partners, but lower relationship control and sexual negotiation power. Methodologically, we found that the RCS is internally valid and useful for measuring the impact of resources on women’s power. However, the scale appears to combine diverse dimensions of relationship power that were differentially related to migration in our study.
The relationship of the lock-step phenomenon and precipitous changes in mean arterial blood pressure.

Abstract The lock-step phenomenon (LSP) is the occurrence of postganglionic cardiac sympathetic discharge (PCSD) and cortical epileptiform activity (EA) in a time-locked fashion. The relationship between the LSP and precipitous changes in blood pressure (PCBP: > 23 mm Hg in 10 sec) was determined in 9 cats after EA was induced with pentylenetetrazol following pretreatment with phenobarbital (20 mg/kg, i.v.). Electrocorticogram (ECoG), PCSD, lead II EKG, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were monitored. Since an interspike interval of 2.8 sec was frequently found to exist between ECoG spikes when the LSP was present, 4 categories of LSP were defined: LSP absent; stable LSP with 2.8 sec interval; stable LSP without 2.8 sec interval; and unstable LSP with increasing or decreasing rates of discharge. The duration of each LSP pattern and the proportion of time spent in PCBP were determined. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA and the Newman-Keuls post-hoc test showed that a higher mean proportion of time spent in PCBP was associated with the unstable LSP pattern (P
Cytomegalovirus Injection of the Female Genital Tract

Infections of the female genital tract may play an important role in intrauterine or neonatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. Serum, urine (U) and cervical swab specimens (CSS) were obtained from 71 unselected pregnant Navajo women in Fort Defiance Indian Hospital, and 125 women of the prenatal clinic of Magee-Women's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Cord blood and urine specimens were Defiance during the same period that the mothers were studied. CMV was recovered from 9/64 CSS of Navajo women (14%) and from 3 of 68 (4.4%) U. Virus was recovered from 5 of 112 (4.5%) CSS women in Pittsburgh and from 3 of 104 (2.9%) U. Recovery of CMV was more frequent from primigravidas (7/62 CSS; 4/57 U); 43 CSS and 41 U from women who had had more than 4 pregnancies were negative. CMV was recovered from 2% of CSS taken in the first trimester, 7% of those taken in the second trimester and 12% of the third trimester specimens from the combined population. None of the 66 urine specimens obtained from newborn infants was positive. Herpes virus was not recovered. These data revealed a surprisingly high frequency of cytomegalovirus infection of the cervix and although the differences were not statistically significant (presumably due to the small numbers studied) they suggest the possibility that infection was more frequent in young women, in primigravidas, and late in pregnancy. (Supported in part by NIH grant HD 02135.)
Developmental consequences of antenatal dexamethasone treatment in nonhuman primates

Research assessing fetal exposure to dexamethasone and betamethasone in animals has raised concerns about the potential for adverse side effects following antenatal treatments, not withstanding the beneficial and desired improvement in lung function. Some of the inhibitory effects on physical growth and the long-term alterations in endocrine, immune and neural physiology may reflect species differences in the fetal sensitivity of rodents and monkeys to corticosteroids or perhaps could be attributed to the higher drug doses often used in animal studies. However, since steroidal drugs can be administered for extended periods in clinical practice, and also are occasionally given in the range found to cause significant effects on the brain and immune responses of infant monkeys, the simian studies have important cautionary implications for obstetrical and pediatric practice.
Movement of different-shaped particles in a pan-coating device using novel video-imaging techniques

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of particle shape on the movement of particles in a pan-coating device using novel video-imaging techniques. An area scan CCD camera was installed inside a 24-in pan coater at the same location as that of a spray nozzle, and the movement of particle was tracked using machine vision. A white tracer particle was introduced inside a bed of black-coated particles. The effects of pan loading, pan speed, and particle shape on the movement of particles was studied. The response variables were circulation time, surface time, projected area of particle per pass, dynamic angle of repose, cascading velocity, and dispersion coefficient. Experiments were conducted at 3 different pan speeds, 6, 9, and 12 rpm, and 2 fill levels (ratio of bed depth to pan diameter), one eighth and one quarter, and data were collected over a 30-minute time period. The differences in circulation times of spheres and tablets, with similar volume equivalent diameter as that of the sphere, were found to be insignificant at the 95% confidence interval. The circulation time ranged from 2.8 to 10.8 seconds depending on the operating condition and increased with increasing pan load and decreasing pan speed. The distributions of circulation time, surface time, and projected surface area were found to be nonnormal. The dynamic angle of repose for tablets was higher than for spheres. Also, the bed surface for spheres was much flatter in comparison with tablets where the bed shape attained a “wave-like” form. The average velocity of tablets in the cascading layer was found to be significantly higher than spheres. A linear model (R2>0.98) best described the variation of velocity as a function of pan speed for all of the operating conditions.
SPIROCHÆTA ICTEROHÆMORRHAGIÆ IN AMERICAN WILD RATS AND ITS RELATION TO THE JAPANESE AND EUROPEAN STRAINS : FIRST PAPER.

The principal points brought out in the present article are the following. 1. Wild rats captured in this country carry in their kidneys a spirochete which possesses the morphological and pathogenic properties characteristic of Spirochata icterohamorrhagia discovered by Inada in the Japanese form of infectious jaundice. 2. Cultures of the American, Belgian, and Japanese strains of the spirochete were obtained by a special technique described, the first two strains having been cultivated artificially for the first time. 3. Animals actively immunized against the Japanese strain resist inoculation, not only of the same strain, but also of the Belgian and American strains. The Belgian strain produces immunity equally effective against all three strains. Experiments to. ascertain whether the immunity afforded by the American strain also protects against the Japanese and Belgian strains are in progress. 4. These findings warrant the conclusion that the spirochetes designated here as the Japanese, Belgian, and American strains are probably identical. 5. On account of its distinctive features, a new genus, Leptospira, has been suggested as the designation of this organism.
QED post-silicon validation and debug: Invited abstract

This paper presents the Quick Error Detection (QED) technique for systematically creating families of postsilicon validation tests that quickly detect bugs inside processor cores and uncore components (cache controllers, memory controllers, on-chip interconnection networks) of multi-core System on Chips (SoCs). Such quick detection is essential because long error detection latency, the time elapsed between the occurrence of an error due to a bug and its manifestation as an observable failure, severely limits the effectiveness of traditional post-silicon validation approaches. QED can be implemented completely in software, without any hardware modification. Hence, it is readily applicable to existing designs. Results using multiple hardware platforms, including the Intel® Core™ i7 SoC, and a state-of-the-art commercial multi-core SoC, along with simulation results using an OpenSPARC T2-like multi-core SoC with bug scenarios from commercial multi-core SoCs demonstrate: 1. Error detection latencies of post-silicon validation tests can be very long, up to billions of clock cycles, especially for bugs inside uncore components. 2. QED shortens error detection latencies by up to 9 orders of magnitude to only a few hundred cycles for most bug scenarios. 3. QED enables up to a 4-fold increase in bug coverage.
Deindividuation Manipulations, Self-Consciousness, and Bystander Intervention

Summary One hundred twenty female undergraduates overheard an apparent accidental injury to the female E in an adjoining room. The Ss were either alone or paired; half were normally dressed, and the others were costumed and hooded as has been done in prior studies to manipulate deindividuation. The results showed that alone individuals gave aid more quickly than pairs; but, as hypothesized, deindividuated women responded more slowly than individuated women when alone and faster when in pairs. Costuming seems to activate self-consciousness which slows responding when alone, but the anonymity from the other S hastens responding in pairs, when self-consciousness is high for individuated Ss. It was concluded that costuming Ss in the effort to achieve deindividuation lessens the prospect of negative evaluation by peers when the S is called upon, either by norms or experimental demand, to act in a manner that could be damaging to the self-image—whether the action involves aiding or injuring another. Thus deindi...