cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Climatological Mean Circulation at the New England Shelf Break

AbstractA two-dimensional cross-shelf model of the New England continental shelf and slope is used to investigate the mean cross-shelf and vertical circulation at the shelf break and their seasonal variation. The model temperature and salinity fields are nudged toward climatology. Annual and seasonal mean wind stresses are applied on the surface in separate equilibrium simulations. The along-shelf pressure gradient force associated with the along-shelf sea level tilt is tuned to match the modeled and observed depth-averaged along-shelf velocity. Steady-state model solutions show strong seasonal variation in along-shelf and cross-shelf velocity, with the strongest along-shelf jet and interior onshore flow in winter, consistent with observations. Along-shelf sea level tilt associated with the tuned along-shelf pressure gradient increases shoreward because of decreasing water depth. The along-shelf sea level tilt varies seasonally with the wind and is the strongest in winter and weakest in summer. A persiste...
Synthesis and microstructure of Gd2O3-doped HfO2 ceramics

Abstract The effect of Gd 2 O 3 -doping on the crystal structure, surface morphology and chemical composition of the Gd 2 O 3 –HfO 2 system is reported. Gd 2 O 3 –HfO 2 ceramics with variable composition were prepared by varying the Gd 2 O 3 composition in the range of 0–38 mol% balanced HfO 2 . X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the Gd 2 O 3 concentration influences the crystal structure of the Gd 2 O 3 –HfO 2 ceramics. Pure HfO 2 and Gd 2 O 3 crystallize in monoclinic and body centered cubic structure, respectively. The Gd 2 O 3 –HfO 2 ceramics exhibit mixed monoclinic and fluorite structure when the Gd 2 O 3 concentration is varied from 4 to 12 mol%. At 20 mol% of Gd 2 O 3 , existence of only the fluorite phase was found. Increasing the Gd 2 O 3 concentration to 38 mol% results in the formation of single-phase pyrochlore Gd 2 Hf 2 O 7 ( a = 5.258 A).
Continuous deep sedation: Dutch research reflects problems with the Liverpool care pathway.

The Liverpool care pathway (LCP) is the UK’s main clinical pathway of continuous deep sedation and is promoted for roll out across the NHS.1 Rietjens et al’s study highlights some serious weaknesses in its design.2 The eligibility criteria do not ensure that only people who are about to die are allowed on to the pathway. They allow people who are thought to be dying, are bed bound, and are unable …
Lack of utility of standard labor curves in the prediction of progression during labor induction.

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine whether patients undergoing labor induction can be reliably evaluated by means of standard labor assessment curves. Study Design: In this retrospective chart review of 123 patients who underwent cervical ripening and induction of labor, Friedman's standard labor curves were used for comparison. Statistical analysis was performed with the Student t test. Results: Nulliparous and parous patients undergoing cervical ripening spent more time in active-phase labor than standard expectations of labor progression would indicate (12.7 ± 7.8 vs 5.9 ± 3.4 hours for nulliparous women, P <.001; 7.9 ± 6.4 vs 2.5 ± 1.5 hours for parous women, P <.001). Nulliparous and parous patients who were delivered vaginally spent more time in active labor than did their respective standard historical control populations (10.3 ± 8.0 vs 5.9 ± 3.4 hours for nulliparous women, P <.001; 7.0 ± 6.0 vs 2.5 ± 1.5 hours for parous women, P <.001). Conclusion: Standard methods for the evaluation of labor adequacy and prediction of the likelihood of vaginal delivery may not apply to patients undergoing cervical ripening. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:1520-6.)
Graph-based segmentation for colored 3D laser point clouds

We present an efficient graph-theoretic algorithm for segmenting a colored laser point cloud derived from a laser scanner and camera. Segmentation of raw sensor data is a crucial first step for many high level tasks such as object recognition, obstacle avoidance and terrain classification. Our method enables combination of color information from a wide field of view camera with a 3D LIDAR point cloud from an actuated planar laser scanner. We extend previous work on robust camera-only graph-based segmentation to the case where spatial features, such as surface normals, are available. Our combined method produces segmentation results superior to those derived from either cameras or laser-scanners alone. We verify our approach on both indoor and outdoor scenes.
Some variants of the logarithm

We construct certain extensions of Hodge structures using points on algebraic curves and study them. We also introduce and use a related function theory which forms a genus g > 0 version of that of classical hyperlogarithms.
Chiral perturbation theory: An effective field theory

Abstract The concept of an effective field theory (EFT), i.e. a theory which is valid only in a limited range of parameter space, is one which has become highly developed recently. After presenting familiar examples from the realms of classical and quantum mechanics together with condensed matter physics, we show that QCD has an intriguing parallel with superconductivity in that, by using quark–antiquark (mesonic) degrees of freedom and exploiting the symmetries of the theory, a useful and powerful theory–chiral perturbation theory–results, which offers a complete and rigorous description of low energy particle and nuclear physics.
Phosphorus levels are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in the general population.

Abstract Background Elevated serum phosphorus has been linked to mortality among patients with renal failure and in one study in the general population. The aim of our study was to examine the association of serum phosphorus level with carotid atherosclerosis in the general population. Methods We determined the association of serum phosphorus levels with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in 13,340 subjects 45–64 years old without known coronary heart disease, stroke, or renal disease from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Results Phosphorus levels were significantly associated with age, female gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and fibrinogen levels ( p p -value for trend p p Conclusion In a population-based cohort of subjects free of overt cardiovascular and renal disease serum phosphorus was positively associated with cIMT independent of traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis and eGFR in men but not in women.
The heat/mass transfer analogy factor, Nu/Sh, for boundary layers on turbine blade profiles

Abstract Heat transfer to gas turbine blades occurs at high Reynolds numbers, therefore in thin boundary layers. This makes the measurement of local heat transfer coefficients or Nusselt numbers difficult and suggests to measure mass transfer coefficients or Sherwood numbers instead. These are then transformed to Nusselt numbers by the heat/mass transfer analogy. The present paper extends this analogy to processes in which the Schmidt number for mass transfer is not equal to the Prandtl number for heat transfer, by use of general fluid mechanics and transfer relations for boundary layers and explores what equations for the analogy can be derived in this way. The results are compared with computational and experimental information.
Electron spin resonance and the non-bonding orbitals of the phosphorescent state of pyrazine

Abstract We have used a microwave-optical double quantum method to investigate the electron spin resonance of the phosphorescent state of pyrazine as a guest in paradichlorbenzene. The fine structure tensor of pyrazine has approximate axial symmetry about the in-plane axis normal to the N-N direction. The fine structuer parameters are D = −(0.309 ± 0.001) cm−1 and E = +(0.006 ± 0.002) cm−1.
Reduced dimensional HRTF processing for gaming environments

Processing of acoustic signals with head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) is a commonly used technique for simulating 3D audio in interactive virtual environments and gaming applications. It is computationally very demanding to process the high dimensional HRTFs and yet capturing the variability across listeners and this could be a limiting factor for real time 3D audio applications. In this paper we show how the dimensionality of the HRTFs can be reduced to their minimum phase components, without losing the localization information contained in them, and their performance is evaluated under a localization classification paradigm using decision trees and compared with PCA.
Mutational response at the splenic T‐Lymphocyte hprt locus in mice treated as neonates: Contrasting effects of the carcinogens N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea, dimethylnitrosamine, and 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine

The newborn mouse tumorigenicity assay, which involves the treatment of animals during the first two weeks after birth and monitoring tumor induction after a year, has been suggested as a cost- and time-effective alternative to the conventional two-year rodent bioassay. In order to evaluate whether or not lymphocyte hprt mutant induction is an accurate predictor of carcinogenicity in the assay, we determined the frequencies of 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) lymphocytes in the spleens of mice neonatally treated with the carcinogenic mutagens N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), dimethylnitrosamine (DMN),and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). Male C57BL/6 pups were injected on post-natal days 8 and 15, and the frequency of TGr T-lymphocytes was measured in groups of three animals, sacrificed periodically up to 31 weeks post-treatment. Compared to background frequencies of 1.1–2.9 × 10−6, mutant frequencies (MFS) reached 155.1 × 10−6 following a cumulative dose of 49 mg ENU/kg body weight and 172.3 × 10−6 following a cumulative dose of 142 mg ENU/kg. These results show that TGr lymphocyte mutations can be induced and measured in mice treated as neonates and that the induced MFs found for mice treated neonatally with ENU are comparable with frequencies reported for the treatment of adult animals with the same chemical. In contrast, treatment with the promutagenic and procarcinogenic compounds DMN (at a maximum concentration of 10.5 mg/kg) and PhIP (26.2 mg/kg) did not result in an increase in lymphocyte MF, suggesting that reactive metabolites of these compounds may not be reaching cells that are sensitive for mutation fixation. The results indicate that the lymphocyte hprt assay may fail to predict the carcinogenicity of some test chemicals in the neonatal mouse bioassay. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 31:243–247, 1998 © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.1
The role of the family in relation to chronic pain: review of the literature

As families maintain the primary responsibility for the care of the chronic pain sufferer, this paper examines the family's aetiological role in chronic pain, the ways in which the family influences and maintains pain, and the impact that chronic pain has on the family unit. Although some of the research is contentious, it can be concluded that, (a) there is a tendency for patients to come from families which include another member suffering from pain or illness, (b) that it is conceivable that spouses reinforce pain behaviors in their partners, and (c) that it is possible that the chronic pain sufferer may significantly subscribe to poor marital relationships, poor sexual adjustment and high levels of emotional distress.
Quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check stabilizer codes

Quantum error correction codes are needed to protect quantum systems from interference. An important family of quantum error correction codes are stabilizer codes. Many stabilizer codes in the literature belong to a subclass of stabilizer codes, referred to as CSS codes since they are based on the so-called CSS formalism. CSS codes have received significant attention because the dual-containing condition for the CSS formalism is relatively straightforward to satisfy and also because it is easy to produce CSS codes from classical error correction codes. However, some stabilizer codes in the literature show superior error correction performance than existing CSS codes, and are based on binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Since it has been shown that CSS codes based on nonbinary LDPC codes have good performance over quantum qubit channels, in this paper we investigate stabilizer codes based on nonbinary LDPC codes. In particular, we propose constructions of stabilizer codes based on nonbinary quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes for qubit channels. The simulation results show that our QC-LDPC stabilizer codes decoded by a nonbinary sum-product algorithm have better performance than their binary counterparts.
Comparison of homoeologous group-6 short arm physical maps of wheat and barley reveals a similar distribution of recombinogenic and gene-rich regions

Eighty two new loci, mapped with 51 DNA clones, were added to the earlier deletion maps of the homoeologous group-6 short arms of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD). There are now 41, 56 and 52 loci mapped on deletion maps of 6AS, 6BS and 6DS, respectively. The linear order of orthologous loci in all three arms appears to be identical. The majority of the loci are located in the distal one-half of the three arms. There seems to be an increased marker/gene density from the centromeric to the telomeric regions in each arm, and the marker density in comparable physical regions is similar on all three maps. Recombination is not uniformly distributed along the chromosome arms; 60% of recombination occurs in the distal one-third of each arm. Recombination increases from the proximal region to the distal end in a nonlinear pattern. The distribution of loci and recombination along each of the three chromosome arms is highly correlated. Comparison of the 6BS deletion map from this study and a 6HS physical map of barley (Hordeum vulgare L., 2n = 2x = 14, HH) reveals a remarkably similar distribution of recombinogenic and gene-rich regions between the two chromosome arms, suggesting that the distribution patterns of genes may be conserved in the homoeologous group-6 chromosome short arms of wheat and barley. A consensus map of wheat group-6 short arms containing 46 orthologous loci was constructed. Comparison of the consensus map with published linkage maps of Triticeae group-6 chromosome short arms indicates that the linear order of the loci on the maps has been largely conserved. Evidence from this study does not support the existence of a 2BS–6BS reciprocal terminal translocation.
Influence of Seminal Vesicular Fluid on Morphology of Bull Spermatozoa

Summary This study presents the distribution of spermatozoa with protoplasmic droplets in the epididymides of slaughterhouse bulls. There were 11 paired and nine single epididymides included in the study. The mean per cent of spermatozoa with droplets in the caput, corpus, and cauda were 62, 41, and 84, respectively. The per cent of spermatozoa with droplets from the right and left sides of the reproductive tract of the same bull showed less variation than among bulls. Six per cent of the spermatozoa from the ampullae had droplets. Fluids from the seminal vesicles, when added to epididymal spermatozoa, produced changes in the per cent of spermatozoa with protoplasmic droplets. The per cent of spermatozoa with distal protoplasmic droplets from the corpus and the cauda epididymis and the per cent of sperm with proximal droplets from the caput were decreased significantly (P
The Role of Psychological Well-Being in Job Performance:: A Fresh Look at an Age-Old Quest

Like social philosophers such as Rousseau, both business executives and organizational researchers have long been fascinated with the happy/productive worker thesis. There is a very strong practical basis for this interest. Most readers are familiar with the famous Hawthorne experiments undertaken during the 1920s and 1930s at the Western Electric Company in Cicero, Illinois. Initially undertaken to examine the role of such physical job factors as level of illumination on productivity, the studies evolved into much more, eventually securing a prominent spot in the folklore of modern management thought. In particular was the belief widely held by a number of Hawthorne researchers, including Elton Mayo and G.A. Pennock, suggesting that happiness (broadly defined) should produce better job performance. In addition, happiness provides a number of positive benefits for not only the happy individuals themselves, but also for those with whom they come in contact. Seen in this light, happiness is almost a responsibility to ourselves, to be
Astronomy: Feeding the first quasars

Quasars, the oldest known objects in the Universe, are powered by gas falling into black holes at their centres. How black holes formed so early in time has been hard to explain, but a new model might have the answer.
The use of light-emitting diodes as fluorescence standards and the fluorescence intensity of macerals

Abstract Fluorescence is generally recognized as a valuable parameter in the characterization of the liptinite composition of organic sedimentary deposits. The intensity of fluorescence, although readily observed microscopically, is seldom quantitatively evaluated. Relative intensity determination is the easiest procedure for intensity evaluation; it involves measuring the ratio between fluorescence intensity and that of a reference fluorescence standard, typically a masked uranyl glass. Absolute intensity determined by measuring the energy of fluorescence has seldom been undertaken due to its complexity. Light-emitting diodes, properly calibrated, provide a convenient method for measuring absolute intensity. Fluorescence energies have been determined for a suite of macerals; the results illustrate quantitatively the large variability in fluorescence existing among macerals.
Palladium mediated dehydrogenation in the photochemical cyclization of heterocyclic analogs of stilbene

Abstract A method is described for the photocyclization of heterocyclic analogs of stilbene to the corresponding phenanthrene-like systems under a N2 atmosphere, using a catalytic amount of Pd on carbon (Pd/C) as the “oxidant”.
Gene Expression Dynamics During Bone Healing and Osseointegration

Background: Understanding the molecular features of bone repair and osseointegration may aid in the development of therapeutics to improve implant outcomes. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the gene expression dynamics during alveolar bone repair and implant osseointegration.Methods: An implant osseointegration preclinical animal model was used whereby maxillary defects were created at the time of oral implant placement, while a tooth extraction socket healing model was established on the contralateral side of each animal. The surrounding tissues in the zone of the healing defects were harvested during regeneration for temporal evaluation using histology, immunohistochemistry, laser capture microdissection, and quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction for the identification of a panel of 17 putative genes associated with wound repair.Results: In both models, three distinct expression patterns were displayed: 1) genes that are slowly increased during the healing process...
Bone Graft Substitutes in the Treatment of Distal Radius and Upper Limb Injuries

Over the years, autologous and allogeneic bone grafts have been used to supplement techniques in internal and external fixation to treat fractures in the upper extremity. The development of a variety of bone graft substitutes has allowed the use of these materials when there are significant comorbidities in harvesting autograft or when the use of allograft is undesirable. With recent advances in the synthesis, testing, and employment of bone graft substitutes, these materials have been used in the treatment of upper extremity fractures to fill a bony defect, to correct skeletal deformity, to restore structural integrity, and to stimulate bone healing. In this chapter, we will identify the major types of graft substitutes available or in development and review their unique features and capabilities. The authors have no financial interest in any of these products; rather, the cases included in this review are included solely as examples of the various types of commercially available products. The indications and potential applications for graft substitutes in the distal radius and the upper limb will be discussed, as we contemplate the future direction in the research and development of new graft substitutes.
Applied Contaminant Transport Modeling-Theory and Practice

Contaminant transport modeling is an important academic and practical subject. While current research is directed toward describing multicomponent, multiphase, reactive transport modeling, current practice uses less complex tools. Applied Contaminant Transport Modeling—Theory and Practice discusses the current research issues, but it deals primarily with practical aspects of transport modeling. The book is intended to serve as a reference for self-study or as an advanced textbook for college courses. It is quite readable and well organized.
Controlled deposition of electrospun poly(ethylene oxide) fibers

Abstract Electrospinning is a process by which sub-micron polymer fibers can be produced using an electrostatically driven jet of polymer solution (or polymer melt). Electrospun fibers are typically collected in the form of non-woven mats, which are of interest for a variety of applications including semi-permeable membranes, filters, composite reinforcement, and scaffolding used in tissue engineering. A characteristic feature of the electrospinning process is the onset of a chaotic oscillation of the electrospinning jet. The current work demonstrates the feasibility of dampening this instability and controlling the deposition of sub-micron polymer fibers (
Flow along Tool-Chip Interface in Orthogonal Metal Cutting

In recent papers it has been suggested that over part of the tool-chip contact zone the chip does not slide but sticks to the tool, chip flow taking place by shear within the body of the chip. Sticking contact is inconsistent with steady state cutting and in this paper a slip-line field model of chip flow is presented which does not include sticking contact and which is consistent with the relevant experimental observations.
Control of adenosylmethionine-dependent radical generation in biotin synthase: a kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of substrate binding to active and inactive forms of BioB.

Biotin synthase (BS) is an AdoMet-dependent radical enzyme that catalyzes the insertion of sulfur into saturated C6 and C9 atoms in the substrate dethiobiotin. To facilitate sulfur insertion, BS catalyzes the reductive cleavage of AdoMet to methionine and 5‘-deoxyadenosyl radicals, which then abstract hydrogen atoms from the C6 and C9 positions of dethiobiotin. The enzyme from Escherichia coli is purified as a dimer that contains one [2Fe-2S]2+ cluster per monomer and can be reconstituted in vitro to contain an additional [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster per monomer. Since each monomer contains each type of cluster, the dimeric enzyme could contain one active site per monomer, or could contain a single active site at the dimer interface. To address these possibilities, and to better understand the manner in which biotin synthase controls radical generation and reactivity, we have examined the binding of AdoMet and DTB to reconstituted biotin synthase. We find that both the [2Fe-2S]2+ cluster and the [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster ...
Thumbs down on acupuncture.

The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus statement on acupuncture (Random Samples, 14 Nov., [p. 1231][1]) should not prompt physicians to use acupuncture or to refer patients to acupuncturists. The panel convened by the NIH, in fact, presented meager conclusions. It announced that there is “clear evidence that needle acupuncture is efficacious for adult postoperative and chemotherapy nausea and vomiting, and probably for the nausea of pregnancy,” and that there was “evidence of efficacy for postoperative dental pain.” It did not quantify the degree of “efficacy” of needle acupuncture in these conditions, or discuss its actual usefulness. The nausea of some forms of chemotherapy is severe, but current medications used for its suppression are increasing highly effective and do not present major side effects. Why torment patients just emerging from surgery, or suffering from the effects of chemotherapy, with multiple and repeated needle insertion and manipulation? The precise cause of nausea of pregnancy is enigmatic. The NIH statement qualified its comments on this point. It did not comment on hyperemesis gravidarum, the real problem, or the possible effects of painful daily needling of pregnant women over a period of months. “Postoperative dental pain” is well handled by the brief administration of minor analgesics, which presents minimal risk and is much to be preferred over 20-minute, painful needling. The panel also points out “there are also studies that do not find efficacy for acupuncture in pain…” and that there is “evidence that acupuncture does not demonstrate efficacy for cessation of smoking and may not be efficacious for other conditions.” In short, it appears that the panel concluded that acupuncture was virtually useless, declared a “victory” as ordered up, and called for more research expenditure to heap on that already wasted [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.278.5341.1231a
Left-right symmetry and nonperturbative unification.

The idea of nonperturbative unification (NPU) is used in calculating the scale (${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{R}$) of right-handed gauge symmetry breaking. It is found that if left-right symmetry is broken by fundamental scalar fields and if ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{R}$ is in the TeV region (in fact, less than ${10}^{6}$--${10}^{7}$ TeV) or if the left-right symmetry is broken dynamically then there must exist massive (\ensuremath{\ge}250 GeV) colorless, left-right singlet but charged fermions. Very briefly, it is indicated that the ``walking coupling'' scenario can be incorporated within the NPU framework.
DEVELOPMENT OF SOME PERFORMANCE-BASED MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE PAVEMENT

In collaboration with FHWA, the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) has successfully completed its first experimental high-performance concrete pavement (HPCP) project under the Testing and Evaluation Program (TE-30). This project is one of the 22 projects funded under the TE-30 Program. With a structural design life of 60 years, this HPCP is unique in that it incorporates significant changes to the existing Mn/DOT specifications on concrete materials. Some of the new materials-related specifications developed as a part of this project are based on performance criteria that influence long-term durability of the pavement structure. The background and considerations for selecting the new performance measures are discussed, and test results are presented that evaluate the practical feasibility of establishing and achieving the performance specifications.
Detecting treatment-by-centre interaction in multi-centre clinical trials.

This paper considers several permutation tests for treatment-by-centre interaction in multi-centre clinical trials in which the endpoint is survival time subject to censoring. Some of the tests are based on existing tests and some are new. To evaluate and compare the tests with respect to power under different conditions, we generated survival times and censoring times through simulation. We used special methodology to handle the unusual problems that arise in power simulations when the tests under study are permutation tests. Different conditions yielded different interaction tests as the best performers. Although one test gave comparatively good power under almost all conditions, some of the other tests also appear to be useful. For the sample sizes and configurations in the simulations, power is generally low; thus it may not be possible to detect interaction reliably when it exists, a finding in agreement with the known low power for interaction tests in general.
ENDOR with a loop-gap resonator

The loop-gap resonator is a lumped circuit resonant microwave structure that has been shown to offer significant improvements in the sensitivity of electron spin resonance measurements (I-4) particularly in the detection of dispersion signals (3). These results suggested that the new resonators might offer a number of advantages in electron nuclear double-resonance spectroscopy (5). We describe here the design additions and considerations that have enabled us to perform ENDOR experiments using loop-gap resonators, and present the first results demonstrating the feasibility of this approach. The results presented here employ a Varian E-109 spectrometer and an ENDOR apparatus described elsewhere (5, 6). We have used a two-gap resonator (Fig. 1) constructed from chemically silvered machinable Macor and mounted on a quartz tube. Coupling is achieved with an inductive coupler that can be mechanically displaced relative to the resonator loop. The various dimensions are as follows: r = 1.75 mm; R = 7.54 mm; t = 0.30 mm; W = 1 mm; 2 = 5 mm. These dimensions provide a structure which resonates at -9.4 GHz at room temperature. Field modulation is supplied by Helmholtz coils affixed to the outside of the shield (c in Fig. 1). The entire structure can be suspended in a liquid helium immersion Dewar (Janis Corp.). The radiofrequency field required for the ENDOR experiment is provided by a pair of coaxial cables that enter the shield at the opposite end from the inductive loop (Fig. la) and that terminate in a single turn loop (e in Fig. 1) positioned on the outside of the resonator. This loop lies in the plane orthogonal to that defined by the two gaps, at electric field null points, and traverses the face of the resonator between the latter and the inductive coupling loop. As predicted (2), unwanted resonances are introduced by this addition to the resonator enclosure, and care must be taken in the positioning of the rf co-ax and wire loop in order to minimize these effects. Furthermore, if the length of rf co-ax shield introduced into the resonator enclosure exceeds h/4, resonances occur which can annihilate the proper loop-gap resonance. With the ENDOR loop in place, the resonant frequency at room temperature is unchanged, -9.4 GHz, and the unloaded Q is 1250. The ESR and ENDOR signals obtained by using this structure have been compared in several ways with those of a TE 102 immersion cavity. The cavity contains orthogonal hairpin loops, one for magnetic field modulation (a single turn) and one for rf field
Changes in pulmonary surfactant during bacterial pneumonia.

In pneumonia, bacteria induce changes in pulmonary surfactant. These changes are mediated by bacteria directly on secreted surfactant or indirectly through pulmonary type II epithelial cells. The bacterial component most likely responsible is endotoxin since gram-negative bacteria more often induce these changes than gram-positive bacteria. Also, endotoxin and gram-negative bacteria induce similar changes in surfactant. The interaction of bacteria or endotoxin with secreted surfactant results in changes in the physical (i.e. density and surface tension) properties of surfactant. In addition, gram-negative bacteria or endotoxin can injure type II epithelial cells causing them to produce abnormal quantities of surfactant, abnormal concentrations of phospholipids in surfactant, and abnormal compositions (i.e. type and saturation of fatty acids) of PC. The L/S ratio, the concentration of PG, and the amount of palmitic acid in PC are all significantly lower. The changes in surfactant have a deleterious effect on lung function characterized by significant decreases in total lung capacity, static compliance, diffusing capacity, and arterial PO2 and a significant increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Also decreased concentrations of surfactant or an altered surfactant composition can result in the anatomic changes commonly seen in pneumonia such as pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, and atelectasis.
The nuclear genome of the phytoseiid Metaseiulus occidentalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is among the smallest known in arthropods.

The genome size of the phytoseiid Metaseiulus (=Typhlodromus or Galendromus) occidentalis (Nesbitt) needs to be estimated before the whole nuclear genome can be sequenced. Two different procedures were used to estimate the genome size of M. occidentalis; (1) flow cytometry (Marescalchi et al. in Genome 33:789–793, 1990) and (2) quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) (Wilhelm et al. in Nucleic Acids Res 31:e56, 2003). Fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide-stained nuclei of M. occidentalis was measured by flow cytometry using females, males, and eggs. Only the eggs yielded peaks, which ranged in size from 35 to 160 Mb, with a tall peak of 140 Mb in 1-day-old eggs and 65 Mb in 2-day-old eggs, respectively. However, the peaks are broad and do not provide an accurate estimate. The qRT-PCR procedure required single-copy nuclear gene sequences from this phytoseiid. This was accomplished by designing degenerate primers, amplifying the Actin and EF1α sequences from M. occidentalis, and then designing M. occidentalis-specific primers that amplified a unique sequence. The standard qRT-PCR protocol was inefficient and amplification failed frequently, so we developed a high-fidelity qRT-PCR protocol, which utilizes a mix of two DNA polymerases (Taq and a proof-reading Tgo or ACCUZYME) to consistently amplify sequences. This allowed us to estimate the nuclear genome size of M. occidentalis as 88–90 ± 5 Mb. When compared to other arthropod genomes, this appears to be very small.
Dealing with Diversity: On the Uses of Common Sense in Descartes and Montaigne

This essay attempts to retrieve the notion of ‘common sense’ within the writings of Descartes and Montaigne. I suggest that both writers represent distinct traditions in which the notion is employed. Descartes represents a modernist tradition in which common sense is understood to be a cognitive faculty, while Montaigne represents a humanist tradition in which common sense is understood as a political virtue. I also suggest that both writers work with the notion as a way of responding to diversity in the world. The paper concludes with a discussion of how the notion of common sense employed by Descartes and Montaigne emerges out of the scholastic tradition and the assertion that both writers are responding to the educational consequences of scholasticism. I also discuss how the reconstruction of Descartes in this paper can provide some ground for raising new questions about the Cartesian project and educational philosophy. Finally, I gesture toward the idea that the humanist tradition with its understanding of common sense as political virtue can provide benefit for contemporary responses to diversity.
The frequency of meiotic recombination in yeast is independent of the number and position of homologous donor sequences: implications for chromosome pairing.

Abstract We constructed diploids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae homozygous for LEU2 and carrying one, two, or four copies of leu2 at ectopic locations and determined the frequency of 3+:1- (LEU2:leu2) meiotic tetrads. Gene conversion between a LEU2 recipient and a leu2 ectopic donor occurred at the same frequency as did gene conversion between allelic copies of LEU2 and leu2. An increase in the number of possible ectopic donor loci did not lead to a proportional increase in the level of ectopic gene conversion. We suggest that the limiting step in meiotic recombination is the activation of a locus to become a recipient in recombination and that once activated, a locus can search the entire genome for a homologous partner with which to recombine. In this respect, this search for a homologous partner resembles the efficient premeiotic methylation/inactivation of duplicated sequences in Ascobolus and Neurospora. These observations support models in which strand exchange serves to align homologous chromosomes prior to their becoming much more fully synapsed by the elaboration of the synaptonemal complex.
Analysis of wave survey experiments on a boat in coastal waters

Records of waves generated by a boat are treated to eliminate the ambient sea: "clean" records are analyzed to find the wave resistance (energy) involved.
A longitudinal crack in a cylindrical shell under internal pressure

Longitudinal crack in cylindrical shell under internal pressure, calculating normal and bending stress singularity strengths against curvature/ cracklength parameter
Analysis of Intentional Communication of Normal Children from the Prelinguistic to the Multiword Stage

The purpose of this study was to collect quantitative measures describing the use of intentional communication by 15 normal children during the prelinguistic, one-word, and multiword stages. A standard communication sample was collected at each language stage from each subject interacting with a clinician. Measures of rates of intentional communicative acts indicated an average of about 1 act per rain at the prelinguistic stage, 2 acts per min at the one-word stage, and 5 acts per min by the multiword stage. Analysis of communicative functions indicated that virtually all of the subjects displayed some acts for regulating behavior, engaging in social interaction, and referencing joint attention at all language stages. Changes in the proportions of specific communicative functions at each language stage were found. Analysis of discourse structure using these sampling procedures indicated that most subjects engaged in more initiated than respondent acts. Analysis of communicative means showed that the predo...
Local Dental Programs: A Descriptive Assessment of Funding and Activities

In 1986, 201 local dental programs received a dental survey requesting information on their programmatic activities. Survey categories included general agency information, dental coordinator characteristics, program budget, staffing and salaries, clinical services, health education and other programs, and miscellaneous questions. A total of 156 programs returned the survey, for a 77.6 percent response rate. This article provides descriptive data on various selected activities within local dental health organizations. Highlights include: (1) 12 agencies have terminated their dental program since 1982; (2) 88 percent of existing dental programs have a clinical component; and (3) the budgets of viable programs have increased over the past three years. These data will assist local health agencies and national organizations in program planning and serve as a resource for program directors, as well as those who are developing new programs.
Sliding-Mode Control Applied of a Nonlinear Model of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

A FLIGHT control design technique based upon sliding-mode control (SMC) as interpreted in the frequency domain has been exercised in a number of recent studies [1–5]. Although the design technique in these studies has resulted in significant robustness to the effects of modeled vehicle damage, the vehicle models themselves have been linear in nature. The goals of the research to be described are the 1) use of a nonlinear vehicle model in computer simulation of the design and 2) comparison of the performance of the resulting design to that of a nonlinear inversion controller that has been described in [6].
Ventricular Nuclei-DNA Relationships with Myocardial Growth and Hypertrophy in the Rat

Rat ventricles, ranging from 306 to 1999 mg, were obtained from normal animals of different ages and from animals subjected to chronic aortic constriction. The concentration of DNA in the paired ventricles (right and left) was found to be closely related to the concentration of nuclei in the left ventricular papillary muscles. Muscle nuclei represented only 10 to 15% of this population of nuclei. In young animals (phase 1), the total ventricular content of muscle nuclei, nonmuscle nuclei, and of DNA were increasing with ventricular growth. In the adult rat (phase 2), the total ventricular content of DNA and of both muscle and nonmuscle nuclei remained relatively constant with ventricular growth. In the enlarged hearts (phase 3), there was a further increase in total ventricular DNA but there was no further increase in the total number of muscle nuclei. Spectrophotometric studies (Feulgen stain), showed that 88% of the muscle nuclei belonged to a single ploidy class (probably diploid). No relation could be demonstrated between the extent of nuclear polyploidy and the weight of the ventricles. It was concluded that polyploidy was not a significant factor in the increased total DNA of phase 3. The increased ventricular DNA of phase 3 was explained by the proliferation of the nonmuscle nuclei.
Characterizing the effects of silver alloying in chalcopyrite CIGS with junction capacitance methods

A variety of junction capacitance-based characterization methods were used to investigate alloys of Ag into Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 photovoltaic solar cells over a broad range of compositions. Alloys show encouraging trends of increasing VOC with increasing Ag content, opening the possibility of wide-gap cells for use in tandem device applications. Drive level capacitance profiling (DLCP) has shown very low free carrier concentrations for all Ag-alloyed devices, in some cases less than 1014 cm−3, which is roughly an order of magnitude lower than that of CIGS devices. Transient photocapacitance spectroscopy has revealed very steep Urbach edges, with energies between 10 meV and 20 meV, in the Ag-alloyed samples. This is in general lower than the Urbach edges measured for standard CIGS samples and suggests a significantly lower degree of structural disorder.
Los límites de la imaginación

Serenidad sitiada. Carlos Fajardo Fajardo. Si Manana Despierto Ediciones, Bogota, 1990. Tejedor de instantes. Julio Cesar Goyes Narvaez. Si Manana Despierto Ediciones, Bogota., 1990. Cibeles. Marina (Forero de) Gonzalez. Edicion de la autora. Bogota, 1989.
Intraperitoneal catheter drainage of lymphocele: an outpatient procedure

Laparoscopic marsupialization of lymphocele carries 13% recurrence rate, 6% injury to other organs, 12% omentoplasty, 6% open conversion and 1.8 average hospital days. A novel, simplified technique of intraperitoneal catheter drainage of lymphocele is described. Under ultrasound guidance and using the Seldinger technique, a 13F Hickman catheter was introduced into the lymphocele and connected subcutaneously to a small peritoneal window performed 5 cm apart. During the last 8 years the procedure was performed under local anesthesia in 14 patients on an outpatient basis with success (e.g. resolution of both hydronephrosis and lymphocele). One wound infection required removal of the catheter without recurrence. In another patient laparoscopy showed retraction of the catheter under the peritoneum as cause for lymphocele recurrence. In all cases absence of injury to the GU tract was confirmed by absence of extravasation of indigo carmine given intravenously. Intraperitoneal catheter drainage of post-transplant lymphocele is an effective outpatient procedure. It avoids the drawbacks of general anesthesia required by open and laparoscopic marsupialization procedures and deserves to be evaluated in a multicenter study.
Data‐driven approach to identify field‐scale biogeochemical transitions using geochemical and geophysical data and hidden Markov models: Development and application at a uranium‐contaminated aquifer

[1] Although mechanistic reaction networks have been developed to quantify the biogeochemical evolution of subsurface systems associated with bioremediation, it is difficult in practice to quantify the onset and distribution of these transitions at the field scale using commonly collected wellbore datasets. As an alternative approach to the mechanistic methods, we develop a data-driven, statistical model to identify biogeochemical transitions using various time-lapse aqueous geochemical data (e.g., Fe(II), sulfate, sulfide, acetate, and uranium concentrations) and induced polarization (IP) data. We assume that the biogeochemical transitions can be classified as several dominant states that correspond to redox transitions and test the method at a uranium-contaminated site. The relationships between the geophysical observations and geochemical time series vary depending upon the unknown underlying redox status, which is modeled as a hidden Markov random field. We estimate unknown parameters by maximizing the joint likelihood function using the maximization-expectation algorithm. The case study results show that when considered together aqueous geochemical data and IP imaginary conductivity provide a key diagnostic signature of biogeochemical stages. The developed method provides useful information for evaluating the effectiveness of bioremediation, such as the probability of being in specific redox stages following biostimulation where desirable pathways (e.g., uranium removal) are more highly favored. The use of geophysical data in the approach advances the possibility of using noninvasive methods to monitor critical biogeochemical system stages and transitions remotely and over field relevant scales (e.g., from square meters to several hectares).
Infant Reactivity as a Predictor of Child Anxiety, Social Ease, and Parenting Behavior in Middle Childhood

The current study examined whether and how children whose reactivity profiles were classified in infancy differed systematically in their peer relationships, social ease, and anxiety in middle childhood. Children who were low reactive infants were less likely to report being shy in middle childhood and were also considered less shy by observers. Mothers’ disciplinary responses to their children were also examined; mothers of low reactives were more likely to employ reasoning as a response to verbal conflict than other mothers. The study employed a multi-informant assessment approach, utilizing reports from the children themselves, their mothers, their teachers, and independent observers and examined the extent to which these reports concurred. Though reactivity in infancy had different behavioral implications for both children and their parents in middle childhood, these differences were moderate.
Prescriber Continuity and Medication Adherence for Complex Patients

Background: Medication adherence is a critical aspect of managing cardiometabolic conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and heart failure. Patients who have multiple cardiometabolic conditions and multiple prescribers may be at increased risk for nonadherence. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between number of prescribers, number of conditions, and refill adherence to oral medications to treat cardiometabolic conditions. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 7933 veterans were identified with 1 to 4 cardiometabolic conditions. Refill adherence to oral medications for diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was measured using an administrative claims–based continuous multiple-interval gap (CMG) that estimates the percentage of days a patient did not possess medication. We dichotomized refill adherence for each condition as a CMG ≤20% for each year of analysis. Condition-specific logistic regression models estimated the relationship between r...