cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combined Modified Heat-Stable Acid Phosphatase and 68°C Catalase Test for Differentiation of Mycobacteria

A rapid, simple, modified heat-stable acid phosphatase and 68°C catalase test for the differentiation of mycobacteria is described. A total of 181 strains of mycobacteria, including 141 slow growers and 40 rapid growers, were investigated for acid phosphatase and catalase activities.
Imaging Surveillance of Hypervascular Liver Lesions in Non-Cirrhotic Patients.

A consensus surveillance protocol is lacking for non-cirrhotic patients with hypervascular liver lesions presumed to represent hepatocellular adenomas. Patients with hypervascular liver lesions <5 cm not meeting criteria for focal nodular hyperplasia or hepatocellular carcinoma underwent surveillance with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 6, 12, and 24 months after baseline imaging. If lesions remained stable or decreased in size, then surveillance imaging was discontinued. Between 2011 and 2014, 116 patients with hypervascular liver lesions were evaluated. Seventy-nine patients were eligible for the surveillance protocol. Median follow-up was 24 months (range, 1–144 months). One patient (1 %) continued oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use and presented with hemorrhage requiring embolization 5 months after initial diagnosis. Ten patients (13 %) underwent elective embolization or surgical resection for size ≥5 cm. The remaining 68 patients (86 %) continued surveillance without hemorrhage or malignant transformation. Risk factors for requiring intervention during the surveillance period included younger age, larger lesion size, and estrogen use (all p < 0.05). Patients with hepatocellular adenomas <5 cm can safely be observed after discontinuing OCP with serial imaging 6, 12, and 24 months after diagnosis. If lesions remain stable or decrease in size, then longer-term surveillance is unlikely to identify patients at risk for complications.
Role of Depurination in Mutagenesis by Chemical Carcinogens

Abstract The effect of modifying φχ174 viral DNA by the chemical carcinogens β-propiolactone, N-acetoxyacetylaminofluorene and anti-benzo[a]pyrene diol-epoxide was investigated by transfecting the modified DNA into Escherichia coli spheroplasts. Modification of the DNA in vitro by each of these agents was mutagenic for the φχ174 amber mutants am3 and am86. Mutagenicity depended on the induction of the “SOS” response in the host spheroplasts. Heating β-propiolactone-treated DNA at neutral pH caused strong inactivation such that the number of lethal hits was increased 4-fold. Sucrose gradient analysis showed the induction of alkali-labile sites in the heated DNA. The “nicked circle assay” with double-stranded φχ174 DNA showed greater than 70% of these sites to be apurinic sites. Concomitantly with the production of these new sites, a strong increase in the mutation frequency was observed. This mutagenesis also depended upon the induction of the error-prone SOS response in the spheroplasts, as was previously shown to be the case for mutagenesis at putative apurinic sites induced directly by acid-heat treatment. These results suggest that depurination may be of importance to the mechanism of mutagenesis by β-propiolactone and other carcinogens.
Toward a Unified Paradigm of Race

Racism in Mind. Michael Levine and Tamas Pataki, eds. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004. 320 pp. Only Skin Deep: Changing Visions of the American Self. Coco Fusco and Brian Wallis, eds. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2003. 416 pp.
GABAA receptors control the excitability of neuronal populations.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the role of GABA A receptor function in the collective behavior of cortical neuronal populations, primarily in the hippocampal formation. Experimental accessibility, plasticity, and a prominent role in learning and memory account for numerous anatomical, biochemical, and physiological studies in this brain region. GABA-mediated inhibition occurs through two physiological mechanisms: an increase in membrane conductance and a hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. The combination of features of GABAergic inhibition, the distribution and widespread dendritic arborization of GABAergic interneurons, the ubiquitous subcellular distribution of GABA A and GABA B receptors, the concentration of GABA A receptors at strategically pivotal sites close to the cell soma, the large chloride conductance increases produced by shunting inhibition, and the generation of spontaneous IPSPs indicate a very powerful inhibitory control of a given cell population in the mammalian cortex. Under physiological conditions, the state of excitability of a cortical neuronal population represents a finely tuned balance between excitation and inhibition. Slight alterations of the efficacy of inhibition may lead to greater changes in the collective behavior of a population of cells.
Preclinical Pharmacology and Opioid Combinations

Although effective alone, opioids are often used in combination with other drugs for relief of moderate to severe pain. Guidelines for acute perioperative pain recommend the use of multimodal therapy for pain management, although combinations of opioids are not specifically recommended. Mu opioid drugs include morphine, heroin, fentanyl, methadone, and morphine 6β-glucuronide (M6G). Their mechanism of action is complex, resulting in subtle pharmacological differences among them and with unpredictable differences in their potency, effectiveness, and tolerability among patients. Highly selective mu opioids do not bind to a single receptor. Rather, they interact with a large number of mu receptor subtypes with different activation profiles for the various drugs. Thus, mu-receptor-based drugs are not all the same and it may be possible to utilize these differences for enhanced pain control in a clinical setting. These differences among the drugs raise the question of whether combinations might result in better pain relief with fewer side effects. This concept has already been demonstrated between two mu opioids in preclinical studies and clinical trials on other combinations are ongoing. This article reviews the current state of knowledge about mu opioid receptor pharmacology, summarizes preclinical evidence for synergy from opioid combinations, and highlights the complex nature of the mu opioid receptor pharmacology.
Mmm2p, a mitochondrial outer membrane protein required for yeast mitochondrial shape and maintenance of mtDNA nucleoids

The mitochondrial outer membrane protein, Mmm1p, is required for normal mitochondrial shape in yeast. To identify new morphology proteins, we isolated mutations incompatible with the mmm1-1 mutant. One of these mutants, mmm2-1, is defective in a novel outer membrane protein. Lack of Mmm2p causes a defect in mitochondrial shape and loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) nucleoids. Like the Mmm1 protein (Aiken Hobbs, A.E., M. Srinivasan, J.M. McCaffery, and R.E. Jensen. 2001. J. Cell Biol. 152:401–410.), Mmm2p is located in dot-like particles on the mitochondrial surface, many of which are adjacent to mtDNA nucleoids. While some of the Mmm2p-containing spots colocalize with those containing Mmm1p, at least some of Mmm2p is separate from Mmm1p. Moreover, while Mmm2p and Mmm1p both appear to be part of large complexes, we find that Mmm2p and Mmm1p do not stably interact and appear to be members of two different structures. We speculate that Mmm2p and Mmm1p are components of independent machinery, whose dynamic interactions are required to maintain mitochondrial shape and mtDNA structure.
An on-line generation dispatching algorithm to improve small signal stability

To prevent or suppress the low-frequency oscillation in real time, the modal sensitivity with respect to operating parameters is calculated. It is applied to generate the effective control strategy that can improve the system damping. Initially, Fuzzy ISODATA clustering method is used to obtain the coherent generation group, from which candidate generators for rescheduling are formed and further refined by using participation factors. With the efficient parallel computation of eigen-sensitivity, the relationship between modes of interest and operating parameters can be obtained and used to provide system operators with real-time system operation strategies to improve the system damping. The proposed control strategy satisfies many constraints, such as power output limits and real time operational constraints. The feasibility and applicability of the proposed method has been tested using an actual large scale power system of China with more than 20000 nodes. The time taken to solve this large system is just over 2 minute with parallel computation. The proposed method has been implemented in the on-line dynamic security assessment and early warning system of State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC).
Toward Accountability in the Cloud

Accountability is likely to become a core concept in both the cloud and in new mechanisms that help increase trust in cloud computing. These mechanisms must be applied in an intelligent way, taking context into account and avoiding a one-size-fits-all approach.
RAMAN AND INFRARED SPECTRA, CONFORMATIONAL STABILITY, AB INITIO CALCULATIONS AND VIBRATIONAL ASSIGNMENTS FOR 2-CHLOROETHYL SILANE

Abstract The infrared (3500–30 cm −1 ) spectra of gaseous and solid and the Raman (3500–10 cm −1 ) spectra of liquid with quantitative depolarization ratios and solid 2-chloroethyl silane, ClCH 2 CH 2 SiH 3 , have been recorded. Similar data have been recorded for the Si–d 3 isotopomer. These data indicate that two conformers, trans and gauche , are present in the fluid states but only one conformer, trans , is present in the solid. The mid-infrared spectra of the sample dissolved in liquified xenon as a function of temperature (−55 to −100°C) has been recorded. The enthalpy difference between the conformers has been determined to be 181±12 cm −1 (2.17±0.14 kJ/mol) with the trans rotamer the more stable form. From the isolated Si–H frequencies from the Si–d 2 isotopomer the r o Si–H distances of 1.484 and 1.483 A for the trans and 1.481 for the gauche conformers have been obtained. Ab initio calculations have been carried out with several different basis sets up to MP2/6-311+G** from which structural parameters and conformational stabilities have been determined. With all the basis sets the trans form is predicted to be the more stable conformer which is consistent with the experimental results. These results are compared to the corresponding quantities for the carbon analogue.
Observation of soft x‐ray amplification in neonlike molybdenum

Thin molybdenum coated foils have been irradiated in line focus geometry with from 3 to 8×1014 W cm−2 of 0.53‐μm light at the Nova laser. The resulting exploding foil plasma has demonstrated x‐ray laser gain at four wavelengths (106.4, 131.0, 132.7, and 139.4 A), identified as 3s‐3p transitions in neonlike Mo. The J=0–1, a 3s–3p transition at 141.6 A has been identified, but does not show evidence of significant gain in disagreement with the theory.
Firm performance under just-in-time and traditional proxies for profit maximization☆

Abstract When the profit function is too complex to maximize directly, firms must rely on some other performance criterion to guide work station activity. Simplification is achieved by emphasizing either flow or stock management. Flow management seeks to ensure that no work station is “starved” by available inputs. Stock management seeks to minimize inventories. This paper develops a model to assess the performance of these two approaches for a firm that can carry both input and output inventories. The model includes shocks to both demand and production and the possibility of a stockout is explicitly reflected in the optimization problem. Stock management dominates flow management when carrying costs are sufficiently large. When carrying costs are moderate, the strategy of simply ignoring shocks to demand and capacity dominates both stock and flow management. The flow-management approach is superior only when carrying costs are very small.
Effect of potassium and lithium ions on protein synthesis in the sea urchin embryo

Abstract The effects of K + and Li + , alone and in combination, on protein synthesis were determined in two species of sea urchin, from fertilization through gastrulation. Embryos treated with Li + show a decline in rates of [ 14 C]valine uptake and incorporation beginning after cleavage. Li + -induced cecline in protein synthesis is reversed by co-exposure to increasing concentrations of K + . K + alone is without effect on protein synthesis. K + is effective in counteracting the effects of Li + only if both ions are present concurrently. The data presented supports the hypothesis that K + permits normal morphological development in the presence of Li + by competitively blocking the effects of Li + at the subcellular level.
On partition functions of Andrews and Stanley

Andrews has established a refinement of the generating function for partitions π according to the numbers r(π) and s(π) of odd parts in π and the conjugate of π, respectively. In this paper, we derive a refined generating function for partitions into at most M parts less than or equal to N, which is a finite case of Andrew's refinement.
Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of an Anechoic Wind Tunnel Facility

The design, fabrication, and preliminary characterization of an anechoic wind tunnel facility at the University of Florida are presented. A previously existing and ISO 3745 validated 100 Hz anechoic chamber is upgraded to incorporate an open-jet anechoic wind tunnel facility suitable for airframe noise studies. The wind tunnel is driven by a 224 kW ( ) 300 HP , 3 69 m s ( ) 147,000 cfm centrifugal fan controlled by a variable frequency drive. Airflow enters the wind tunnel through a settling duct with a honeycomb section and a set of four screens for the purposes of flow straightening and turbulence reduction, respectively. An optimized, minimum length, 3-D contraction designed using various computational methods accelerates the flow into a rectangular test section that measures 0.74 m ( ) 29" by
International Relations and the Problem of Difference

International Relations and the Problem of Difference. By Naeem Inayatullah and David Blaney. New York: Routledge, 2004. 276p. $80.00 cloth, $27.95 paper. Can scholars of international relations dig themselves out from under the weight of several hundred years of world history and their own analytic baggage and remake themselves? This book asks for precisely this, delivering an important message for the discipline. Naeem Inayatullah and David Blaney's opening premise is that IR, in spite of what one might logically expect, has always in fact been stymied and wrong-footed by the “problem of difference.” Far from being able to understand and deal sensitively with diversity and the other, the practices and discipline of IR have squashed it—internally the state has become an engine of homogenization, while externally international society is a hostile realm of danger and hierarchy, in which forces of an “empire of uniformity” operate to stigmatize difference and tame it. Instead of embracing and theorizing difference, IR is associated from the time of early modern Europe with the crippling dual “legacy of colonialism and religious cleansing” (p. viii). The authors are advocates instead of “heterology,” of the study of IR as a “study of differences” in which dominant Western perspectives and leaders are not afraid to be challenged and changed by encounters with diversity and the other, in which such encounters are open questions.
Examining the effects of perceived social support on momentary mood and symptom reports in asthma and arthritis patients.

Objective: Social support has been linked to beneficial effects on health directly (main effect) and as a buffer to stress. Most research, however, has examined these relationships using global and retrospective assessments of health and stress, which may be subject to recall biases. This study used ambulatory ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods to test the main and stress-buffering effects of social support on the daily health and well-being of asthma and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.Design: Community volunteers with asthma (n = 97) or RA (n = 31) responded to EMA prompts five times daily for one week.Main outcomes: Baseline perceived social support was obtained, and then, participants reported mood, stress and symptoms using EMA. Multilevel mixed-modelling examined whether social support predicted mood and symptoms directly or via stress-reducing effects.Results: Supporting a main effect, more perceived social support predicted decreased negative mood and stress severity. Supporting a st...
Tuning the Regiospecificity of Cleavage in FeIII Catecholate Complexes: Tridentate Facial versus Meridional Ligands.

No abstract available Keywords: bioinorganic chemistry; coordination chemistry; enzyme models; iron; tridentate ligands.
The effects of light and dark adaptation on the levels of cyclic nucleotides in retinas of mice heterozygous for a gene for photoreceptor dystrophy.

Abstract Levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were measured in light and dark adapted retinas from normal mice (++/++) and from mice heterozygous for the photoreceptor dystrophy gene (rdle/++). In light adapted retinas cyclic GMP levels were 40% lower in the heterozygotes than in the normals, whereas cyclic AMP levels were the same. Dark adaptation elevated cyclic GMP levels 120% in both groups and also elevated cyclic AMP levels 90% in the ++/++ and 45% in the heterozygotes. These data suggest that animals heterozygous for photoreceptor dystrophy have an abnormality of their retinal cyclic GMP system.
Hemodynamic effects of intranasal cocaine in humans

AbstractIntranasal cocaine, 2 to 3 mg/kg body weight, is a commonly used local anesthetic for rhinolaryngologic procedures, and many persons who abuse it ingest a similar amount. Previous studies i...
A model for teaching sentinel lymph node mapping and excision and axillary lymph node dissection.

Abstract Background The surgical skills laboratory increasingly provides opportunities for training and practice in basic surgical procedures. Study design This article describes a new method for teaching trainees sentinel lymph node mapping and excision and level I/level II axillary dissection. The training session uses cadaver head and torso segments through T6 implanted with radioactive discs to simulate the sentinel node. This model is the first described to provide trainees the opportunity to practice mapping of the sentinel node and excision of the node once identified. Results A group of PGY2 and PGY3 residents participated in this laboratory experience with defined objectives, syllabus material, and training session. All participants successfully harvested the sentinel node and completed a level I/level II axillary dissection with faculty supervision and feedback. The residents rated the experience as outstanding and felt that it increased their confidence in their ability to perform the procedure in the operating room. Conclusions Use of cadavers for surgical skills training is only one of a variety of options currently available to provide practice for surgical housestaff in the surgical skills laboratory. Such a model might well have application in training courses for surgeons in practice and courses accompanying clinical trials for sentinel lymph node mapping and excision.
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is a rare cutaneous neoplasm characterized by invasive, relentless, and destructive local growth. The incidence of perineural invasion and tumor recurrence is high. We report two cases of microcystic adnexal carcinoma with typical clinical features. The use of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded horizontal Mohs sections is described in one case. We also review the current concepts and management of microcystic adnexal carcinoma.
Sustained virological response rates and health-related quality of life after interferon and ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels.

Summary Background Few studies have evaluated interferon and ribavirin therapy in hepatitis C virus-infected patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Aim To determine the efficacy and safety of combination therapy in this population, and to evaluate the impact of treatment on health-related quality of life. Methods Forty-six hepatitis C virus-infected patients with persistently normal ALT levels and 92 matched subjects with elevated ALT levels were treated with interferon-α2b plus ribavirin for up to 48 weeks. Health-related quality of life was measured prior to therapy and 24 weeks after completion of treatment using the Hepatitis Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results Overall, 32.6% of patients with normal ALT levels and 28.3% of those with elevated ALT levels had undetectable hepatitis C virus RNA at 24 weeks after completion of treatment (P = 0.60). Three patients in the normal ALT group had mild transient ALT elevations during therapy. Compared with baseline, treatment was associated with significant improvements in nearly all domains of health-related quality of life in both groups of patients. Conclusions In hepatitis C virus-infected patients with persistently normal ALT levels, interferon-α and ribavirin therapy is efficacious, safe, and associated with significant improvements in health-related quality of life.
Variations in the retinal synapses of the cat superior colliculus revealed using quantitative electron microscope autoradiography.

Abstract This study has examined the retinal synapses of the cat superior colliculus using electron microscope autoradiography and morphometric techniques. The depth of each retinal synapse was measured using a computer-based EM plotter. The area, perimeter, and synapse contact density of selected synapses were calculated using a computer-based digitizer. Pale mitochondria were found to be an accurate cytological marker of retinal input to the colliculus. Fifty-eight percent of pale mitochondria terminals were labeled in the colliculus contralateral to eye injections. Ten percent of pale mitochondria terminals were labeled in the ipsilateral colliculus. A few labeled terminals contained dark mitochondria. The labeled retinal terminals in the contralateral colliculus were concentrated in a 60 μm wide dense band at the top of the superficial gray layer. They were also found within the deep superficial gray and upper optic layers. This distribution corresponded exactly to a larger population of pale mitochondria terminals. The cross-sectional area and synaptic contact density of selected pale mitochondria terminals varied with depth. Within the upper superficial gray, the terminals were small (mean area= 1.26 μ2) and high contact densities (mean= 0.25 per μm). These small terminals were also found deeper within the colliculus. Below the upper subdivision of the superficial gray, some labeled terminals were much larger and had lower contact densities. These results suggest there may be two subpopulations of retinal terminal in the cat superior colliculus: (1) small terminals with scalloped contours and complex synaptic relationships which may correspond to W-type input; and (2) larger terminals with simpler synaptic relationships which are distributed deeper and may correspond to Y-type input.
Track oriented chemically-amplified resist processes for quarter-micron lithography

The establishment of standard resist processes are a primary requirement for the X-ray Lithography National Test Bed at the Center for X-ray Lithography. For this, experimental design is a necessary component of the methodology given the large parameter space associated with chemically amplified resists (CARs). The process development is carried out in three phases. DOX is applied to several steps in the development. The vacuum hot plate pre-bake, post-bake time, temperature and the exposure dose have the greatest effect on controlling the performance of the resist. Constraints are placed on the contrast, develop time and unexposed resist loss. The exposure dose needed to meet these requirements is obtained from the modified response surface of the bulk behavior. The final optimization is based on the CD control and side wall angle for quarter-micron features in resist. The process is run on a sampled basis in order to determine the control issues. Control limits are set from these data, and the process performance is determined.
MzrA: a novel modulator of the EnvZ/OmpR two‐component regulon

Summary Analysis of suppressors that alleviate the acute enve- lope stress phenotype of a DbamB DdegP strain of Escherichia coli identified a novel protein MzrA and pleiotropic envZ mutations. Genetic evidence shows that overexpression of MzrA - formerly known as YqjB and EcfM - modulates the activity of EnvZ/OmpR similarly to pleiotropic EnvZ mutants and alter porin expression. However, porin expression in strains devoid of MzrA or overexpressing it is still sensitive to medium osmolarity, pH and procaine, all of which modulate EnvZ/OmpR activities. Thus, MzrA appears to alter the output of the EnvZ/OmpR system but not its ability to receive and respond to various environ- mental signals. Localization and topology experi- ments indicate that MzrA is a type II membrane protein, with its N-terminus exposed in the cytoplasm and C-terminus in the periplasm. Bacterial two-hybrid experiments determined that MzrA specifically inter- acts with EnvZ but not with OmpR or the related mem- brane sensor kinase, CpxA. This and additional genetic and biochemical evidence suggest that the interaction of MzrA with EnvZ would either enhance EnvZ's kinase activity or reduce its phosphatase activity, thus elevating the steady state levels of OmpR~P. Furthermore, our data show that MzrA links the two-component envelope stress response regula- tors, CpxA/CpxR and EnvZ/OmpR.
Temperature dependence of the electric quadrupole interaction at scandium impurities in titanium

Abstract Perturbed angular correlation measurements of the electric field gradient at 44Sc impurities in Ti metal show a weak dependence on temperature similar to that previously observed in Ta impurities but much weaker than that at Cd impurities in Ti.
A Simple Proof of Rolle's Theorem for Finite Fields

(2002). A Simple Proof of Rolle's Theorem for Finite Fields. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 109, No. 1, pp. 72-74.
Violations of people's dignity: relationships of unfairness with the metabolic syndrome.

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of synergistic up [8]. Importantly, these racial health disparities persist at risk factors that predicts cardiovascular disease/diabetes. In this issue, De Vogli et al. [1] argued that the MS is more likely to develop in people of low socioeconomic status (SES) because they are at greater risk for frequent unfair treatment than are persons of high SES. They observed that after adjusting for SES, psychosocial and health behaviors, the association of unfairness and the MS was still significant, and unfairness was of similar importance to established psychobehavioral factors as an intervening variable between SES and the MS. The fact that SES did not fully explain variability in health problems and that unfair treatment is predictive of health problems independent of SES has great implications, especially when seen in the broader context of discrimination research. People are discriminated against because of race, religion, sexual orientation, as well as social position. Racial/ ethnic minorities and poor people who persistently experience discrimination have poorer health than people with greater power [2–4]. Black women are a prototypic group because they are targets of racial, gender, and economic discrimination. Indeed, the prevalence of lifetime racial discrimination, workplace abuse, and sexual harassment is generally low for all low-income ethnic groups, but 20–30% of black women report all three experiences [5]. Hypertension is one of several diseases associated with racism in Black women [6]. Moreover, black women who make race attributions during a racial stressor (e.g., being accused of shoplifting) have greater systolic blood pressure reactivity to that stressor than do those who do not make racial attributions [7]. Black women who report more incidents of discrimination (e.g., being treated unjustly by the police) also have a higher risk for breast cancer after a 6-year follow-
An analysis of convergence delay caused by link failures in autonomous systems

With internal networks growing larger, dynamic routing protocols are becoming more prevalent in autonomous systems. Due to the importance of computers and network resources, many organizations implement redundant links to allow failover in the event of a link failure. When this failover occurs, the network must converge before traffic will be able to pass to and from the network segment that incurred a link failure. The time that is required for the network to converge is referred to as convergence delay. This paper will compare the convergence delay caused by link failures in both EIGRP and OSPF.
Recurrent Pneumococcal Arthritis as the Presenting Manifestation of X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia

Pneumococcal arthritis in children older than 24 months is unusual and can suggest underlying immunodeficiency. We report a case of recurrent pneumococcal arthritis as the presenting manifestation of X-linked agammaglobulinemia.
Pellet and block supplements for grazing ewes

Abstract Pregnant Targhee ewes (N=120; 2–6 years of age) grazing native winter range were used to determine the effects of a 25% CP (as-fed) supplement provided in pellet (P) or block (B) form on supplement and forage intake and bodyweight change. Ewes receiving P were group-fed 6.82 kg per day of a wheat middling-soybean meal based pellet in troughs. Block fed ewes had ad libitum access to a cooked molasses based block. The study was conducted for 41 days in southwestern Montana (USA) starting 1 December 1999. Supplement treatments were crossed over upland (U) and lowland (L) pastures on day 21. Supplement DMI was greater (P=0.001) for P than B supplemented ewes with a coefficient of variation of 32 and 99.5%, respectively. The proportion of ewes consuming less than 20% of mean supplement DMI was 2 and 35% for P and B ewes, respectively. Two-year-old P ewes consumed less (P
Induction of stearoyl CoA desaturase is associated with high-level induction of emerin RNA.

The genes encoding enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism are regulated by sterols. Stearoyl CoA desaturase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs is transcriptionally regulated by fat-free diet and sterols. To identify other genes that are induced in rat liver by fat-free diet we performed an in vivo gene expression profile analysis using DNA microarrays. Here we report that among the genes highly expressed is emerin, an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane. Mutated or nonexpressed emerin occurs in patients with muscular dystrophy. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins activate the transcription of several sterol regulated genes. To investigate whether sterol regulatory element binding proteins or indirectly cholesterol activates the transcription of stearoyl CoA desaturase and emerin, we cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), either in cholesterol-rich or cholesterol-depleted mediums. We also transiently transfected the cell culture with plasmid encoding sterol regulatory element binding proteins in cholesterol-rich medium. Our data show that cholesterol-supplemented media as well as the transient transfection induced the expression of stearoyl CoA desaturase RNA 3.5- and 7-fold respectively. However, the RNA level of emerin was not altered under these conditions, implying that the parallel induction of emerin is independent of the sterol regulatory element binding regulation pathway.
Vapor Phase Reactions of Organoaminosilanes with Quartz

Abstract A technique for modifying the natural water-wetting behavior of polished quartz plates is discussed. The method involves chemical bonding of an organoaminosilane in the vapor phase to hydroxyl groups at the quartz surface. The dynamic Wilhelmy plate apparatus provided rapid and convenient evaluation of the silylation reactions. Three different silylation temperatures were investigated for both monofunctional hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and bifunctional bis(dimethylamino)dimethylsilane (BDMADMS). With both types of silane, only experiments at the highest temperature, 275°C, resulted in new siloxane bonds at the surface and, hence, strongly oil-wetting behavior. The persistence of the modified surfaces upon immersion of the plates in water varied considerably with the type of silane used. The surface of the HMDS-treated plates started to degrade within 24 h after soaking the plates in water. Plates treated with BDMADMS remained oil wetting in both directions of the wetting cycle for up to 13 weeks of soaking in water and at least 9 additional weeks when soaked in other liquids.
Huysmans's Flowers

Contemplating the grotesque specimens just delivered from Paris nurseries, J.-K. Huysmans's decadent esthete, Jean Floressas des Esseintes, reflects on floriculture as the intersection of nature and artifice: “par le temps qui court,” he intones, “les horticulteurs sont les seuls et les vrais artistes.” A multifaceted symbol appearing throughout Huysmans's oeuvre, flowers mark off the stages of the author's artistic and religious development. Beginning with the plebian geraniums of En Menage (1881), progressing through the Decadent blooms of A rebours (1884), and ending with the lilies in Sainte Lydwine de Schiedam (1901) representing the spiritualization of flesh into holiness, the Huysmansian flower evolves as does the spiritual naturalist who used them in his fiction.
Experience with Kapton‐Based Bipolar Electrode Arrays Used During Computerized Intraoperative Mapping

Kapton Arrays for Computerized Mapping. A new technology for intraoperative mapping of the sites of origin and propagation of supraventricular (SVT) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) was implemented and evaluated. Kapton forms a thin, flexible substrate on which copper layers can be bonded, etched, and interconnected similar to a multilayered printed circuit board. Narrow Kapton electrode assemblies with 20 contacts spaced over 113 mm were used to construct epicardial sock electrode arrays (Ep) having 238 electrodes and endocardial balloon electrode arrays (En) having 168 electrodes. These arrays were used for mapping 20 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for SVT or VT. In 10 surgeries for VT, bipolar electrograms from 1,045 Ep and 606 En electrode pairs were examined. Responses were recorded from 88.7% Ep and 94.9% En sites. Of 118 Ep sites not showing a response, 27.1 % were due to poor electrode contact near the apex, or AV groove, and 70.3% approximated unexcitable tissue. Among the 31 En sites showing no response, 35.5% were located about the mitral annulus, and 32.3% over unexcitable tissue. In 10 surgeries for SVT, bipolar electrograms from 1,114 E p electrode pairs were studied. Responses were seen at 94.3% sites. Of the 63 sites not showing a response, 63.5% resulted from poor electrode contact near the apex or AV groove. These electrode arrays, utilizing Kapton strips, have proven highly effective and reliable for computerized intraoperative recording. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 1, pp. 496–505, December 1990)
Yrast isomers in exotic N=81 nucleus 151Yb studied using a fragment mass analyzer.

Product recoils from the reaction [sup 96]Ru +255 MeV [sup 58]Ni [r arrow] [sup 154]Hf[sup *] were analyzed using the Argonne Fragment Mass Analyzer and transported to a collector foil behind the focal plane, where decay of [mu]s isomers could be studied under low background conditions. The recoils were dispersed in [ital A]/[ital q] as they traversed the position-sensitive focal-plane detector, and recoil--[gamma]-ray coincidences could thus be used to assign masses for specific [gamma]-ray cascades. By use of these methods, yrast isomers with half-lives of 2.6(7) [mu]s and 20(1) [mu]s have been firmly assigned to the exotic [ital N]=81 nucleus [sup 151]Yb, and the main features of the isomeric decays have been established. The yrast level structure of [sup 151]Yb and lighter [ital N]=81 isotones are compared.
Continuous monitoring of intracranial compliance after severe head injury: relation to data quality, intracranial pressure and brain tissue PO2

The objective of the present study was to test the new continuous intracranial compliance (cICC) device in terms of data quality, relationship to intracranial pressure (ICP) and brain tissue oxygenation (PtiO2). A total of 10 adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury underwent computerized monitoring of arterial blood pressure, ICP, cerebral perfusion pressure, end-tidal CO2, cICC and PtiO2 providing a total of 1726 h of data. (1) The data quality assessed by calculating the 'time of good data quality' (TGDQ, %), i.e. the median duration of artefact-free time as a percentage of total monitoring time reached 98 and 99% for ICP and PtiO2, while cICC measurements were free of artefacts in only 81%. (2) Individual regression analysis showed broad scattered correlation between cICC and ICP ranging from low (r = 0.05) to high (r = 0.52) correlation coefficients. (3) From 225 episodes of increased ICP (ICP > 20 mmHg > 10 min), only 37 were correctly predicted by a preceding decline in cICC to pathological values ( 10 min), cICC was not pathologically altered. Based on the present results, we conclude that the current hardware and software version of the cICC monitoring system is unsatisfactory concerning data quality, prediction of increased ICP and revelance of cerebral hypoxic episodes.
From protecting rights to aiding law enforcement: trends in the ‘search incident to arrest’ doctrine since Chimel v. California

When the US Supreme Court decided Chimel v. California in 1969, it was perceived as a means of restraining the police power in this country and of strengthening Fourth Amendment rights. However, subsequent decisions made by both the Supreme Court and lower federal courts have changed this so that, currently, the ‘search incident to an arrest doctrine’ now enhances the power of law enforcement agents.
PLATELET DAMAGE INDUCED IN PLASMA BY CERTAIN FATTY ACIDS.

THE implication of lipids in the production of hyper-coagulability of the blood has been recognized for a number of years. For example, the presence of certain lipid fractions has been shown to facilitate blood clotting in vitro, and hypercoagulability has been demonstrated in blood taken from human subjects after a meal of high fat content1–3. It has been shown recently that the addition of certain fatty acids to plasma accelerates the clotting time4, and of especial interest are observations by Poole and Connor that small quantities of long-chain saturated fatty acids, but not unsaturated congeners, evoke a marked hypercoagulability of blood in the thrombus-generator5–7 This instrument, originally described by Chandler, utilizes a revolving loop of plastic tubing into which blood is placed. The clot produced by this procedure has been shown to closely simulate thrombi occurring in human thromboembolic disease; that is, with a white head of platelets and leucocytes and a fibrin tail8–9.
End-of-life electrical surges

We read the study by Borjigin et al. about postcardiac arrest electrical activity and the possible explanation for near death experiences (NDEs) with great interest (1). Our research group at The George Washington University Medical Center published an observation of end-of-life electrical surges (ELES) in 2009 (2). In that study, we proposed that ELES could be responsible for NDEs, and this new study largely confirms that hypothesis. However, it is important to recognize that nothing has been definitively proven. Nonetheless, the findings of multiple research groups confirm that organized electrical activity can emanate from the brain at the time of death (3, 4). Our ongoing research here at The George Washington University Medical Center suggest that about half of patients who succumb in the intensive care unit display an ELES, and the waveform is at a higher frequency than that observed in animals. The significance of ELES remains unknown and is the source of significant controversy.
The Perceived Importance of Ethics and Social Responsibility on Organizational Effectiveness: A Survey of Marketers

A necessary but insufficient condition for marketers to act ethically and be socially responsible is that they must perceive ethics and social responsibility to be important. However, little is known about marketers’ perceptions regarding the importance of ethics and social responsibility components of business decisions. The objectives of this study are (1)to assess the marketing practitioners’ perceptions regarding the importance of ethics and social responsibility in achieving organizational effectiveness, and (2) to analyze the relative influences of selected personal characteristics and organizational factors underlying a marketer’s perceived importance of ethics and social responsibility. The results from a mail survey of American Marketing Association members indicate that the marketers generally believe that ethics and social responsibility are important components of organizational effectiveness. The results partly indicate that there is a positive relationship between a marketer’s corporate ethical values and his or her perceptions regarding the importance of ethics and social responsibility. The results also indicate that the marketers’ perceptions regarding ethics and social responsibility can be explained by idealism and relativism.
Time trends in the use of β-blockers and other pharmacotherapies in older adults with congestive heart failure

Abstract Background Evidence supporting pharmacotherapy of congestive heart failure (CHF) has grown substantially over the past decade and includes large, placebo-controlled trials with mortality end points. We describe β-blocker and other medication temporal treatment trends of CHF in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a community-based cohort study of 5888 adults ≥65 years of age. Methods Prescription medication data were collected from hospital discharge summaries for incident CHF events and at in-study annual clinic visits for prevalent CHF cases from 1989 to 2000. Change in use of agents over time was estimated by using generalized estimating equations while adjusting for potential confounding factors of age, sex, race, and cardiovascular and pulmonary comorbidities. Results Among 1033 incident CHF events, β-blocker use after diagnosis increased an average of 2.4 percentage points annually (95% CI, 1.5 to 3.4 points) from 1989 to 2000. The increasing trend was consistent throughout follow-up. Among participants with coronary disease and/or hypertension and among those with low ejection fractions ( Conclusions Treatment of CHF has changed gradually in the 1990s and may in part reflect the influence of CHF clinical trial evidence.
Rolled stationary phases: Dimensionally structured textile adsorbents for rapid liquid chromatography of proteins

A woven textile fabric, consisting of 60% cotton/40% polyester, tightly rolled in a cylindrical configuration, has a three-dimensional structure with sufficient hydrodynamic stability to withstand interstitial eluent velocities of up to 300 cm/min when packed into standard liquid chromatography column assemblies. Demonstration of the pressure stability of the cotton/polyester fabric was followed up with experiments in which the cotton (cellulose) portion was derivatized and the fabric evaluated for chromatography of proteins. When derivatized to give a (diethylamino)ethyl (DEAE) anion exchanger, a velocity independent plate height of 2 mm, a static capacity of 115 mg of bovine serum albumin/g of stationary phase, and a dynamic protein loading capacity which decreases only 25% over an 800% increase in mobile-phase velocity from 6.7 to 54 cm/min was achieved. The fibers that make up the stationary phase have a relatively nonporous structure which minimizes pore diffusional effects. A protein separation of C...
Remote Sensing of the High Latitude Ionosphere.

Abstract : Remote sensing of the earth's ionosphere has many applications to radio wave communications. Techniques to monitor perturbations of the quiescent ionosphere at high latitudes from satellites are described, which include observations in the visible, ultra-violet and X-ray wavelengths. Originator-supplied keywords include: Auroral, and Density perturbations.
Treatment decision-making among older women with breast cancer.

ABSTRACT This study examined breast cancer treatment decision-making among older adults, including professional and lay involvement. Thirty respondents were interviewed for this study; cancer survivors (70%) and newly diagnosed (30%) women with breast cancer. Respondents reported making treatment decisions in consultation with their oncologists. However, women differed on the extent to which they perceived their participation in the treatment process. Respondents' oncologists appear to be the primary factor associated with older women's breast cancer surveillance decision-making and adherence. The influence of women's support systems on their treatment decisions and surveillance activities appears to be minimal. Informal support systems, however, likely enhance women's ability to be active participants in their care. The growing need for interventions which target older women has been indicated. Interventions, however, cannot be adequately developed without first identifying the physical and psychosocial ...
Inheritance Laws Across Colonies: Causes and Consequences

We examine in this paper both the causes and consequences of inheritance laws in the colonies. We argue that the continuation of intestate inheritance laws over the colonial period was due in part to their compatibility with economic efficiency. In the North, multigeniture helped motivate family labor, whereas the passive acceptance of the British inheritance system of primogeniture in the South rested on its promotion of large plantations that could capture economies of scale. In terms of effects, a strong bequest motive in the colonies adopting multigeniture reduced the variability in demographic experiences across colonies with different inheritance systems.
Real-Time Imaging of NADPH Oxidase Activity in Living Cell by using Novel Bio-Sensor

Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated as a causal agent in sporadic variants of many pathological conditions conditions, including cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, aging, muscular dystrophy, and muscle fatigue. NADPH oxidases (Nox) have recently gained attention as an important source of ROS involved in redox signaling. However, our knowledge of the source of ROS has been limited by the relatively impoverished array of tools available to study them and the limitations of all imaging probes to provide meaningful spatial resolution. We have developed a redox sensitive protein to specifically assess Nox activity by linking redox-sensitive GFP (roGFP) to the Nox activating protein, p47phox. Our Nox redox probe allowed for dynamic live cell imaging of Nox activity associated with respiratory burst activity and skeletal muscle contraction. Grx1-roGFP has previously been reported as an efficient sensor in live imaging of the glutathione redox potential in different cellular compartments. The dynamic and specific analyses of redox-based assays under different physiological and pathological conditions are greatly attributed by these biosensors. using Grx1-roGFP and our novel p47phox –roGFP sensor, we were able to measure intra-cellular ROS production and glutathione redox potential in a mouse model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy with dynamic live cell imaging. Our studies suggest that NADPH oxidase plays a major role in both extra- and intracellular ROS generation in muscular dystrophy. As Nox has been linked to pathological redox signaling, our newly developed Nox biosensor will allow for development of therapeutic Nox inhibitors.