cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational strategy for accelerating robust sound source detection in dynamic scenes

Efficient sound source detection and location with microphone arrays is important for many applications, including teleconferencing, surveillance, and smart rooms. While the steered response power algorithms exhibit robust performance relative to other approaches, their applications are limited by the high computational load required. For dynamic auditory scenes, the entire space must be scanned at regular intervals due to moving sound sources switching between active and inactive states. This paper introduces a time segmentation and parallelization strategy to speed up the steered response power algorithm for dynamic auditory scenes with multiple speech sources. The primary application targeted by this work is for immersive arrays and off-line auditory scene analysis with beamforming for speaker separation in cocktail party environments. Results from a Monte Carlo simulation with 6 speech sources in a mildly reverberant environment demonstrate a speed-up factor of 45, with a modest loss in the number of detections and a significant reduction in anomalous detections. Experimental results with real recordings demonstrate a performance consistent with those of the simulation.
Transfusions result in pulmonary morbidity and death after a moderate degree of injury.

Background: Prior studies have suggested that blood transfusion (Tx) is associated with infectious and respiratory complications in trauma patients. However, these studies are difficult to interpret because of small sample size, inclusion of severely injured patients in traumatic shock, and combination of a variety of unrelated low-morbidity/mortality infections, such as wound, catheter-related, and urinary tract infection as outcomes. To eliminate these confounding variables, this study evaluates the association between delayed Tx and serious, well-defined respiratory complications (ventilator-associated pneumonia [VAP] and acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]) and death in a cohort of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions with less severe (Injury Severity Score [ISS] 50 cm H 2 O for diagnosis. Outcomes were VAP, ARDS, and death. Results: Nine thousand one hundred twenty-six with blunt injury were ICU admissions, and 5,260 (58%) met study criteria (72% male). Means for age, ISS, and Glasgow Coma Scale score were 39, 12, and 14, respectively. There were 778 (15%) who received delayed Tx. Incidences of VAP, ARDS, and death were 5%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis identified age, base excess, chest Abbreviated Injury Scale score, ISS, and any transfusion as significant predictors for VAP; chest Abbreviated Injury Scale score and transfusion as significant predictors for ARDS; and age and transfusion as significant predictors for death. Conclusion: Delayed transfusion is independently associated with VAP, ARDS, and death in trauma patients regardless of injury severity. These data mandate a judicious transfusion policy after resuscitation and emphasize the need for safe and effective blood substitutes and transfusion alternatives.
We're Not Burning Down the House: Synthesizing Pre-Internet, Current Findings, and Future Research on Social Cognition and Being Online

It was a pleasure to write and learn about all the fascinating work that has been done and should be done regarding the intersection of human cognition, both while writing our target article and re...
Expedient Synthesis of N-Acyl Anthranilamides and β-Enamine Amides by the Rh(III)-Catalyzed Amidation of Aryl and Vinyl C–H Bonds with Isocyanates

A Rh(III)-catalyzed protocol for the amidation of anilide and enamide C–H bonds with isocyanates has been developed. This method provides direct and efficient syntheses of N-acyl anthranilamides, enamine amides, and pyrimidin-4-one heterocycles.
Subverting the gaze: redefining the object role, gaze subversion helmet

From the moment this gaze exists, I am already something other, in that I feel myself becoming an object for the gaze of others. But in this position, which is a reciprocal one, others also know that I am an object who knows himself to be seen. Jacques Lacan Why is there a tendency to associate visibility and transparency with truth, democracy and knowledge? Are there other forms of knowledge that come from the veil? How can we avoid the gaze, subvert it? Through the process of creating a device that draws awareness to the gaze, the Gaze Subversion Helmet, many fascinating questions arise. The form of the helmet lends it to be further objectified when the aperture becomes opaque. How does this heighten the experience and the awareness of the objectifying gaze? While this device does not address the digital realm of cyber-space, it focuses on the physical confrontations and a heightened awareness of the moment from which the gaze manifests. Its purpose is to react to this physical confrontation of real bodies and gazes. We are a species that requires privacy, yet that privacy has been deprived of us through concepts of total visibility and the ever present gaze. How can we design using a play of nuances of visibility, allowing for the gaze to manifest at particular moments and denying it at others? What can we learn from these nuances that we would not learn from a society of total visibility or total veiling? Drawing on architectural and design precedents, this helmet explores these nuances. The implications of the helmet go beyond the theoretical applications. These concepts can further be applied medically, specifically to those with difficulty with eye contact and personal confrontation.
Molecular Analysis of a Phylogenetically Conserved Carrot Gene: Developmental and Environmental Regulation

Extensive studies of gene expression programs in carrot somatic embryos identified a gene, designated Dc3, that serves as a reliable molecular marker for the acquisition of embryogenic potential by carrot cells in culture. The complete sequence of a carrot genomic region, DcG3, encoding a Dc3-like mRNA, was determined. The DcG3 transcription unit contains a single intron and encodes mRNA that is expressed at high levels in embryonic tissue but is undetectable in somatic tissue of carrot. The predicted protein sequence of DcG3 is 163 amino acids and includes two approximately 50 amino acid direct repeats which in turn include additional repetitive elements with an unusual distribution of charged amino acids. Dc3 and Dc3-like mRNAs are encoded by a small divergent gene family. Furthermore, similarities of the Dc3 gene family with genes from other plant species that are expressed in response to environmental and developmental cues suggest a possible role in seed desiccation and possibly in more general water-stress responses in plants. Analysis of transgenic tobacco containing a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene fused to a 1.7 kb 5' upstream element of DcG3 defined a promoter/enhancer complex that confers developmentally and environmentally regulated expression of GUS activity. Thus, DcG3 is phylogenetically conserved together with the trans-acting factors required for its regulated expression in transgenic tobacco.
Sexual acting out as an abortive mourning process in female adolescent inpatients

The development of psychologically healthy means for coping with sexuality is particularly difficult for disturbed adolescents who need residential treatment. One of the clearly definable psychodynamic constellations that underlie sexual acting-out—an abortive mourning process in response to separations or losses suffered by female adolescent inpatients—is discussed. John Bowlby's theory of the mourning process is emphasized in understanding the immediate reaction to loss. Case material is presented in support of the hypothesis that with some disturbed female adolescents, heterosexual acting-out wards off a regressive wish, kindled by object loss, to reunite symbiotically with the preoedipal mother. Suggestions are given for milieu management and psychotherapy in such cases.
Experimental Investigation of Selective Withdrawal and Light Layer Entrainment of Stratified Immiscible Liquids

The withdrawal of fluid from only one layer of a vertically stratified immiscible fluid system is often referred to as selective withdrawal. For a given withdrawal location, the ability to predict the maximum flow rate at which fluid from one layer can be withdrawn before an adjacent layer of fluid is also entrained is critical for many applications. The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) offers one such example where oil is stored above an underlying brine layer in large underground caverns. When oil is added to a cavern, a corresponding volume of brine must be withdrawn through a hanging string that extends through the oil into the brine layer. If the depth of the string below the oil-brine interface is insufficient for a given flow rate, oil may be inadvertently withdrawn along with the expected brine — potentially introducing oil into the brine handling system and leading to costly cleanup to prevent environmental contamination. Laboratory experiments with two immiscible liquids (silicone oil and water or brine) have been conducted to investigate this behavior for typical SPR cavern conditions. In these experiments the higher density fluid is withdrawn through a tube below the liquid-liquid interface. As the withdrawal point is raised closer to the interface for a given flow rate, or the flow rate is increased for a given submergence, the overlying lower density layer begins to entrain along with the higher density liquid. The critical withdrawal depth at which transition to light layer entrainment occurs is measured for a given flow rate of the lower liquid, and the process is repeated for different flow rates. Most prior literature concerning the transition from selective withdrawal has examined removal of the lower density fluid and the transition to entraining the higher density fluid, whereas this work focuses on the inverse. Experiments were performed for a range of different light layer silicone oils and heavy layer water or brine, covering a range of density and viscosity ratios. Three separate withdrawal tubes of differing diameter were placed in two orientations to establish the depth at which selective withdrawal began as a function of fluid properties. The data show that, at the highest flow rates, the transition to light layer entrainment can occur when the withdrawal point is up to two diameters below the liquid-liquid interface, depending on the lower fluid density. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was performed to map the instantaneous velocity field. The strength of the velocity vectors increased dramatically near the withdrawal tube opening showing the region in which inertial forces dominated the flow pattern.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Application of fuzzy logic in computer-aided design of digital systems

Application of fuzzy logic structures in computer-aided design (CAD) of electronic systems substantially improves quality of design solutions by providing designers with flexibility in formulating goals and selecting trade-offs. In addition, the following aspects of a design process are positively impacted by application of fuzzy logic: utilization of domain knowledge, interpretation of uncertainties in design data, and adaptation of design algorithms. We successfully applied fuzzy logic structures in conjunction with constructive and iterative algorithms for selecting of design solutions for different stages of the design process. We also introduced a fuzzy logic software development tool to be used in CAD applications.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The administration of cephalothin sodium through a central venous catheter: physiologic effects.

Cephalothin sodium was given prophylactically through a central venous catheter to patients having prosthetic graft insertions. Venous pH, Pco2, arterial pH, Pco2, P02, lead 2 electrocardiogram strip, and central venous pressures were recorded before and after the administration of the drug. The tests were run in an attempt to determine if there was any alteration in these parameters due to drug administration. No changes were noted in any of the blood gas, pH, ECG, or central venous pressure values. Arterial P02 changes could not be adequately analyzed due to the wide variation in P02. It was concluded that cephalothin sodium can be given safely through a central venous catheter, every six hours, in 2-gm doses diluted in 100 ml of 5 percent glucose in distilled water.
Single Shot Measurement of Field-Free Rotational Revivals with Spectral Interferometry

We demonstrate single-shot measurement of rotational revivals in CO2 with spectral interferometry. In contrast to other single-shot techniques available, it allows measurement and reconstruction of rotational wave packets without the requirement of birefringence.
Storage subsystem in a large multimedia server for high-speed network environments

Multimedia information systems are an essential component of several multimedia applications ranging from media entertainment to on-line library systems. However, the bandwidth available on traditional workstation-based I/O systems is not sufficient to be able to support hundreds of multimedia information streams. In this paper, we discuss our approach to built a storage subsystems in a multimedia server which can deliver variable-bit-rate audio/video data streams to several hundred clients simultaneously over a high-speed broadband network. Our approach is to distribute the bandwidth requirement across multiple disks in a disk-array architecture. We address issues of multimedia data layout on this disk subsystem.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Development of the California Current during the past 12,000 yr based on diatoms and silicoflagellates

Detailed diatom and silicoflagellates records in three cores from the offshore region of southern Oregon to central California reveal the evolution of the northern part of the California Current during the past 12,000 yr. The early Holocene, prior to ∼9 ka, was characterizedbyrelativelywarmseasurfacetemperatures(SST),owingtoenhancednortherlyflowofthesubtropicalwaterscomparable tothemodernDavidsonCurrent.Progressivestrengtheningof theNorthPacificHighleadtointensificationofthesouthwardflowofthe California Current at ∼8 ka, resulting in increased coastal upwelling and relatively cooler SST which persisted until ∼5 ka. Reduced southward flow of the California Current between ∼4.8 ka and 3.6 ka may have been responsible for a period of decreased upwelling. Modern seasonal oceanographic cycles, as evidenced by increased spring–early summer coastal upwelling and warming of early fall SST evolved between 3.5 and 3.2 ka. Widespread occurrence of paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic change between ∼3.5– 3.0 ka along the eastern margins of the North Pacific was likely a response to increasing ENSO variability in the tropical Pacific. Published by Elsevier B.V.
The influence of extremes on the law of the iterated logarithm

We investigate the law of the iterated logarithm for the partial sum of independent identically distributed random variables when the r n largest summands are excluded.
Data mountain: using spatial memory for document management

Effective management of documents on computers has been a central user interface problem for many years. One common approach involves using 2D spatial layouts of icons representing the documents, particularly for information workspace tasks. This approach takes advantage of human 2D spatial cognition. More recently, several 3D spatial layouts have engaged 3D spatial cognition capabilities. Some have attempted to use spatial memory in 3D virtual environments. However, there has been no proof to date that spatial memory works the same way in 3D virtual environments as it does in the real world. We describe a new technique for document management called the Data Mountain, which allows users to place documents at arbitrary positions on an inclined plane in a 3D desktop virtual environment using a simple 2D interaction technique. We discuss how the design evolved in response to user feedback. We also describe a user study that shows that the Data Mountain does take advantage of spatial memory. Our study shows that the Data Mountain has statistically reliable advantages over the Microsoft Internet Explorer Favorites mechanism for managing documents of interest in an information workspace.
Fetal tissue engineering: diaphragmatic replacement.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Prosthetic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia has been associated with high complication rates. This study was aimed at applying fetal tissue engineering to diaphragmatic replacement. Methods: Fetal lambs underwent harvest of skeletal muscle specimens. Once expanded in vitro, fetal myoblasts were suspended in a collagen hydrogel submitted to controlled radial tension. The construct was then placed in a bioreactor. After birth, all animals underwent creation of 2 diaphragmatic defects. One defect was repaired with the autologous-engineered construct placed in between 2 acellular supporting membranes and the other with an identical construct but without any cells. Each animal was its own control (graft, n=10). Animals were killed at different time-points postimplantation for histologic examination. Statistical analysis was by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Fetal myoblasts expanded up to twice as fast as neonatal cells. Hydrogel-based radial tension enhanced construct architecture by eliciting cell organization within the scaffold. No eventration was present in 4 of 5 engineered constructs but in 0 of 5 acellular grafts ( P Conclusions: Unlike acellular grafts, engineered cellular diaphragmatic constructs are anatomically and histologically similar to normal muscle. Fetal tissue engineering may be a viable alternative for diaphragmatic replacement. J Pediatr Surg 36:146-151. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Manganese in surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean

A map of the surface water distribution of manganese in the Atlantic Ocean has been created using 494 data points. Most of these data have been reported in the literature previously, though 93 new analyses are included. Despite this amount of data, many regions of the Atlantic have sparse coverage including much of the South Atlantic. In general the map conforms with previous conclusions regarding the input and removal of Mn in surface ocean waters. Highest concentrations are seen in coastal regions and areas affected by aeolian input; lowest concentrations are observed in high latitude regions. Although some advective features are seen, the lack of stronger advective signatures suggests that the Mn surface ocean residence time is likely close to the low end of the range of previous estimates (i.e., on the order of a few years).
God or Gorilla: Images of Evolution in the Jazz Age

Constance Areson Clark, God or Gorilla: Images of Evolution in the Jazz Age. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. ix + 289 pp. $35.00 (cloth). ISBN: 0-8018-8825-5. The 1920s was...
ARE FEMALES' SUICIDES IN JAPAN FATALISTIC? '

Summary.-Analys~s of time series data for Japan From 1950 through 1985 suggests that domestic lntegrauon may be associated with an increased risk for suicide in Japanese women. Chandler and Tsai (1993) found that females' suicide rates in Japan were positively associated with marriage and negatively with divorce over the prefectures in Japan, suggesting that domestic integration increased suicidal behavior in women, that is, that their suicide may be interpreted as fatalistic (Durkheim, 1897). To explore this further, time series data for Japan from 1950 through 1985 were examined (Lester, 1994). Females' suicide rates were positively associated with marriage rates (Pearson r = .09) and negatively associated with divorce rates (r = -.46, two-tailed p< .01), supporting Chandler and Tsai's findmgs, whereas males' suicide rates were negatively associated with marriage rates (Y = - .5 1, p < .01) and positively associated with divorce rates (r = .16). In multiple regressions, correcting for serial autocorrelation, however, the regression coefficients for divorce and marriage for both men and women were positive. Thus, this examination of time series data for Japan over the years 1950 through 1985 lends limited support for the notion that domestic integration is associated with an increased suicide rate for Japanese women.
Immediate outcomes after the Ross operation in children and adults

Abstract The Ross procedure has been increasingly utilized to treat various forms of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and aortic regurgitation. Compared with alternative valve replacement options (mechanical, porcine, homograft), benefits of the Ross procedure include the lack of anticoagulation and the potential growth and durability of the autograft valve. Patients undergoing the Ross procedure represent a heterogeneous group of patients, ranging from neonates to adults with congenital or acquired heart disease. Prior procedures are common, as are additional hemodynamic abnormalities requiring intervention at the time of the Ross procedure. The postoperative course may be complicated by ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmia, bleeding and pulmonary hypertension. The purpose of this review article is to evaluate the short term results of the Ross procedure in children and young adults, including current results at our institution, with an emphasis on management in the intensive care unit after surgery.
Development of a 'bi-layer lift-off' method for high flow rate and high frequency Nitinol MEMS valve fabrication

This paper presents modeling, fabrication and testing results for a high flow rate and high frequency nickel titanium alloy (Nitinol) MEMS valve. ANSYS® is used to evaluate several Nitinol MEMS valve structural designs with the conclusion that a pentagonal flap with five legs produces higher frequencies and higher strengths without the inherent rotation problem present in four-leg designs. The Nitinol penta-leg design was fabricated using a novel bi-layer lift-off method. A polymethylglutarimide (PMGI) polymer layer is initially used as an underlayer while a chromium layer is used as a top layer to produce a non-rotational ortho-planar Nitinol MEMS valve array without the problems inherent in conventional Nitinol wet etching. The array consists of 65 microvalves with a single valve having dimensions of 1 mm circumference, 50 µm leg width and 8.2 µm Nitinol thickness. Each microvalve covers an orifice of 220 µm diameter and 500 µm in length and is capable of producing 150 µm vertical deflection. The Nitinol MEMS valve array was tested for flow rates in a hydraulic system as a function of applied pressure with a maximum water flow rate of 16.44 cc s−1.
Defective resin composite - repair or replace?

DATA SOURCES Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, ISI Web of Science, ISI Web of Science Conference Proceedings, BIOSIS, OpenSIGLE. Reference lists of all eligible trials and review articles and their reference lists were searched. STUDY SELECTION Trials were selected if they met the following criteria: randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trial, involving replacement and repair of resin composite restorations. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Titles and abstracts were assessed independently by two review authors for relevance . Full papers were obtained for relevant articles and both review authors studied these. Data synthesis was to follow Cochrane Collaboration statistical guidelines. RESULTS 279 potentially eligible studies were identified. Only four studies were analysed further but none of these met the inclusion criteria and all were excluded from this review. CONCLUSIONS There are no published randomised controlled clinical trials relevant to this review question. There is therefore a need for methodologically sound randomised controlled clinical trials that are reported according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement (www.consort-statement.org/). Further research also needs to explore qualitatively the views of patients on repairing versus replacement and investigate themes around pain, distress and anxiety, time and costs.
Interaction between long-term potentiation and the action of a peptide transmitter

Abstract The interaction between long-term potentiation (LTP) and the action of a peptide transmitter was examined with evoked field potential recording in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in anesthetized male rats. The peptide transmitter transiently reversed and opposed the effects of LTP, and LTP reversed the action of the peptide transmitter. Because the peptide transmitter is released and has action particularly during sexual behaviors, the results are interpreted to mean that any memory trace encoded by potentiating mechanisms in the rat hippocampus is probably not accessible in the 20–30-min period of time surrounding reproductive activity in male rats.
Physiological responsiveness during hypnosis.

Abstract 4 physiological measures — electromyogram, respiration rate, heart rate, and skin conductance — were recorded for 11 high and 11 low hypnotizable Ss. It was hypothesized (a) that physiological responsiveness during hypnosis would vary depending on the nature of the task instructions, and (b) that high hypnotizable Ss would show more physiological responsiveness than low hypnotizable Ss. The first hypothesis was substantiated across all 4 measures. Only heart rate levels supported the second hypothesis. The results are discussed as they relate to the 2 hypotheses and to future research.
BARIUM SULFATE BRONCHOGRAPHY IN HORSES

Barium sulfate bronchograms were performed on four 454-kg (1000-lb), adult, mixedbreed horses. Approximately 100 ml of 100% w/v premixed barium sulfate suspension was insufflated into a caudodorsal portion of one lung. Excellent bronchograms were obtained through six generations of bronchial divisions. Bronchograms of diagnostic quality were present for at least 30 minutes. Radiographs at 24 hours showed that most of the barium had been removed from the lung. At 48 hours, tiny barium nodules were essentially all that remained. One hundred and thirty milliliters of barium sulfate initially resulted in overfilling of the bronchial tree and prolonged retention of the contrast medium. Six weeks after bronchography, histopathologic examination of the perfused fixed lungs of two horses showed a very mild inflammatory response to the barium. One of the four horses received two barium sulfate bronchograms. This horse was observed and found to be free of any side effects for 15 months after the second bronchogram.
Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.)

Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) (Fig. 1) is one of the most important tree species throughout the entire Southeast and South Central United States, but especially east of the Mississippi River. It is the third most important in volume use of the southern yellow pines (Pinus subsect. Australes), following loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and short leaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and accounts for more than 11.5 billion cubic feet on the ground, of which some 0.7 billion cubic feet is harvested annually (Scheffield et al. 1983). It is an extremely useful species because of its fast growth rate and multiple uses: pulp, poles, and lumber; and has had a long and colorful history of use for gum naval stores (Schultz 1983). As the subject of research and breeding efforts, slash pine has an impressive set of credentials that stands well among any of the pine species, as can be seen in its extensive bibliography (Hu et al. 1985).
Storage I/O generation and replay for datacenter applications

With the advent of social networking and cloud data-stores, user data is increasingly being stored in large capacity and high performance storage systems, which account for a significant portion of the total cost of ownership of a datacenter (DC) [3]. One of the main challenges when trying to evaluate storage system options is the difficulty in replaying the entire application in all possible system configurations. Furthermore, code and datasets of DC applications are rarely available to storage system designers. This makes the development of a representative model that captures key aspects of the workload's storage profile, even more appealing. Once such a model is available, the next step is to create a tool that convincingly reproduces the application's storage behavior via a synthetic I/O access pattern.
Discovery of a Cytoplasmic‐Dominant Alloantigen Prevalent in Erythrocytes

An alloantigen was detected in the cytoplasm of blood cells, predominantly in hemolyzed erythrocytes, by radioimmunoassays developed with antibodies from a hemophiliac. The frequency of the antigen varies in different races. Studies in Caucasian families revealed an autosomal-dominant inheritance of the antigen.
Optimal treatment for in-stent restenosis after BMS--DES, coated balloon, or scalpel?

The year 2007 saw a significant decrease in the usage of drug-eluting stents (DES)1 and a commensurate increase in the usage of bare metal stents (BMS) primarily because of concern about stent thrombosis with DES. As a result of increased use of BMS, we are likely to see more patients presenting with in-stent restenosis (ISR) after BMS, and determining the optimal treatment of these individuals becomes clinically relevant. During the last decade, numerous modalities have been used to treat ISR after BMS, with only modest intermediate-term efficacy. These devices, including balloon angioplasty, atherectomy (directional, rotational, and laser), and repeat stenting (stent-in-stent), provided a high rate of immediate technical success and a low rate of ischaemic events; yet 30–60% of patients required another target vessel revascularization (TVR) in the subsequent months.2,3 The initial therapy that was proven to be effective in treating ISR was vascular brachytherapy as an adjunct to successful repeat balloon angioplasty. Several randomized, placebo-controlled studies testing β- and γ-radiation in the setting of ISR revascularization demonstrated a sharp and clinically significant reduction in TVR (to 15–30%) with brachytherapy.2,3 Given the procedural logistics (need for multiple personnel, expensive specialty equipment, radiation barriers), and concerns about stent-edge restenosis, thrombosis, and a late TVR catch-up phenomenon with brachytherapy, interventional cardiologists turned to DES for the management of ISR even before prospective data became available. … *Corresponding author. Tel: +1 859 323 5630, Fax: +1 859 323 6475. Email: Mukherjee{at}uky.edu
Tripeptidyl Peptidase II Is the Major Peptidase Needed to Trim Long Antigenic Precursors, but Is Not Required for Most MHC Class I Antigen Presentation

Recent reports concluded that tripeptidyl peptidase (TPPII) is essential for MHC class I Ag presentation and that the proteasome in vivo mainly releases peptides 16 residues or longer that require processing by TPPII. However, we find that eliminating TPPII from human cells using small interfering RNA did not decrease the overall supply of peptides to MHC class I molecules and reduced only modestly the presentation of SIINFEKL from OVA, while treatment with proteasome inhibitors reduced these processes dramatically. Purified TPPII digests peptides from 6 to 30 residues long at similar rates, but eliminating TPPII in cells reduced the processing of long antigenic precursors (14-17 residues) more than short ones (9-12 residues). Therefore, TPPII appears to be the major peptidase capable of processing proteasome products longer than 14 residues. However, proteasomes in vivo (like purified proteasomes) release relatively few such peptides, and these peptides processed by TPPII require further trimming in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by ER aminopeptidase 1 for presentation. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that TPPII plays a specialized role in Ag processing and one that is not essential for the generation of most presented peptides. Moreover, these findings reveal that three sequential proteolytic steps (by proteasomes, TPPII, and then ER aminopepsidase 1) are required for the generation of a subset of epitopes.
Rewriting the Call to Charity: From Food Shelf Volunteer to Food Justice Advocate

Consider the food shelf volunteer (or any charity worker) who is inspired to practice good work on behalf of those who are poor and hungry. Her beneficence is praiseworthy. But a simple call to charity may also blind the volunteer to certain facts about food justice. First, it leaves out why clients who utilize the food shelf are hungry. Second, it suggests that the generous volunteers who staff the food shelf have met their political responsibilities. In this viewpoint I argue that hunger relief advocates may be transformed into policy advocates only if they are epistemically positioned to do so. What we need is a new practical strategy or technique for rewriting the very nature of what it means to engage in charity. This strategy involves using stories or narratives that profile particular people who are food insecure, but that also include systemic background conditions describing the social, political, and economic positions of more than one person. To make visible these background conditions I employ the philosophical concept of a “counterstory.” Counterstories reveal structural inequities that identify how groups of people are unfairly disadvantaged. Acquiring this point of view is necessary for undertaking our collective responsibilities for achieving food justice
Small, aloricate ciliates as a major component of the marine heterotrophic nanoplankton1

This work was supported by NSF grants OCE 82-19866 and OCE 8l-10707 and by grants from the Sapelo Island Research Foundation. Contribution 543 of the University of Georgia Marine Institute.
The sustainability of new technologies in vehicular transportation

This paper compares the sustainability of three new technologies in vehicular transportation which consist of (1) innovations in the fuel the vehicles use and (2) innovations in the vehicle design itself. An array of vehicle platforms, which consist of different vehicle designs and fuels types, are modeled and a life cycle analysis (LCA) is performed to find the total energy consumption and emissions of each model. As high energy consumption and pollution become growing concerns, this paper aims to provide a better understanding of where new advancements in vehicular technology should be focused.
Account episodes in family discourse: the making of morality in everyday interaction:

This article investigates account episodes in Italian family dinner conversations and illustrates how sequential patterns and participation are organized in terms of preferences indexical of moral ...
Ion exchange systems in proton-metal reactions with algal cell walls

Abstract Algal cell walls contain acidic polysaccharides, e.g. alginic acid in many marine species, and in pectin fresh-water species. At neutral pH these provide anionic sites which bind ionically to metals, and acidification releases metals when covalent bonds to H are made. Added Cu releases an equivalent amount of Ca, Mg, H from Vaucheria, and protonated amines also displace metals. Interestingly, diamines, which function as efficient growth promoters, are sorbed more strongly than monoamines based on Langmuir adsorption constants. Sorption of Pb and Cd on Rhizoclonium from the solid hydroxides releases Na, Ca, Mg from the alga and OH from the hydroxide in essentially stoichiometric amounts. Sorbed heavy, metals can be removed by precipitation of the sulfide (Cd), hydroxide (Cm AI, and Pb), or as an EDTA complex (Pb) in ion exchange processes. Values of ion exchange constants for displacement of Ca by Mg, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu on Vaucheria are independent of pH and increase with the (charge)2/radius of metal ions, as also observed for K and AI. These results indicate a non-cooperative behavior of anionic sites which interact with these metals by electrostatic attractions. Rates of metal desorption and ion exchange constants with alginates as model systems were also investigated.
Investigation of the viscoelastic and transport properties of interfacially polymerized barrier layers using pendant drop mechanical analysis

Pendant drop mechanical analysis (PDMA) enables the mechanical and transport characterization of unsupported interfacially polymerized (IP) thin films. PDMA was used to study the viscoelastic and permeation behavior of films formed by the interfacial polymerization of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). The viscoelastic properties were obtained by stress-relaxation experiments wherein IP films on the surface of aqueous MPD drops were deformed and the decrease in the internal pressure resulting from stress relaxation was monitored with time. The stress-relaxation behavior was interpreted using the fractional exponential relaxation model. The two model parameters, τ and β, are related to the degrees of crosslinking and branching, respectively. Water transport was generated by an osmotic gradient across the IP films, and permeation data were obtained by monitoring the increase in the drop size with time. Whereas the network structure was relatively insensitive to MPD concentration, the TMC concentration had a significant effect on the degrees of crosslinking and branching; τ evidenced a maximum at 0.1 wt % TMC concentration and β decreased monotonically with TMC concentration. The effect of organic-phase reactant functionality was studied by incorporating isophthaloyl chloride (difunctional) with TMC. For TMC fractions > 25 wt %, the network structure was relatively insensitive to TMC fraction in the isophthaloyl chloride–TMC mixture. The transport experiments enabled the determination of a membrane constant A. The transport results generally corroborated the trends observed in the stress-relaxation experiments, thus demonstrating the close association between the network structure and transport behavior. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 558–568, 2004
Transesophageal versus transthoracic echocardiography for diagnosing mitral valve perforation.

Abstract Perforation of a mitral valve leaflet is uncommon. Most perforations are the result of bacterial endocarditis. Although mitral regurgitation is readily diagnosed by Doppler echocardiography, identification of leaflet perforation by conventional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) may be difficult. Limitations in resolution, reverberatory echoes and signal dropout may contribute to this problem. 1 Improved visualization of mitral valve pathology by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been well documented in patients with bacterial endocarditis. 2–4 In this study of 10 patients with mitral valve perforation we compared the diagnostic sensitivity of TTE with that of TEE for the demonstration of mitral valve perforation, valvular vegetation and mitral valve aneurysm. We also report an association of aortic regurgitation with mitral valve perforation.
Engineering control into medicine

The human body is a tightly controlled engineering miracle. However, medical training generally does not cover "control" (in the engineering sense) in physiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutics. A better understanding of how evolved controls maintain normal homeostasis is critical for understanding the failure mode of controlled systems, that is, disease. We believe that teaching and research must incorporate an understanding of the control systems in physiology and take advantage of the quantitative tools used by engineering to understand complex systems. Control systems are ubiquitous in physiology, although often unrecognized. Here we provide selected examples of the role of control in physiology (heart rate variability, immunity), pathophysiology (inflammation in sepsis), and therapeutic devices (diabetes and the artificial pancreas). We also present a high-level background to the concept of robustly controlled systems and examples of clinical insights using the controls framework.
Confidence Limits for the Precision Parameter k

Summary Confidence limits are calculated for the precision parameter k used in the analysis of palaeomagnetic data and for the angular standard deviation σ. A set of tables for 95 per cent and 99 per cent confidence limits is presented.
The assessment of problem-solving skills of atypical children

Abstract Procedures are delineated for assessing children's problem solving-skills to determine the stimuli that control responding during discrimination acquisition. Emphasis is placed upon: (a) requiring children to respond overtly rather than covertly during problem-solving; and (b) analyzing incorrect as well as correct responses in terms of their relationship with the various dimensions of the complex stimuli involved in the learning task. Examples of error analyses and complex stimulus analyses are presented. It is indicated that problem solving skills of children are now more frequently recorded as a result of a developing measurement technology that provides methods for determining if children are responding to the stimuli designated by the environment as corrent and, if not, to what other stimuli they respond. Information provided by such a learning-based assessment directly leads to the development of intervention techniques.
Maternal Employment and Parent-Child Relations in Families of Seventh Graders

The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of maternal employment status and maternal satisfaction with employment status on closeness between parents and their seventh-grade children. Effects on family activities and family rules were studied with consideration given to their possible mediating influences on closeness. Results revealed that sons reported greater closeness with fathers when mothers were employed and daughters reported greater closeness with parents when mothers were not employed or were employed part time. Mothers reported greater closeness to sons when they were employed, but reported greater closeness to daughters when they were not employed or were employed part time. Fathers reported no differences in closeness to either sons or daughters regardless of maternal employment status. Maternal employment status had no effects on activities or rules. Maternal satisfaction with employment status had little effect on closeness and had no effect on activities or rules.
Thermal Effects on Sedimentary Organic Matter and Recognition and Mapping of Subjacent Igneous Plutons, Ruby Range, Colorado: ABSTRACT

The Ruby Range igenous complex, west-central Colorado, is characterized by mid-Tertiary granodiorite plutons which intrude Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Tertiary strata. Conventional contact metamorphism is limited to a mile-wide zone adjacent to the Ruby Range axis. Geochemical and related studies, including hydrocarbon levels and types, kerogen composition, visual kerogen, and vitrinite observations, on the organic matter in intruded sediments demonstrate that low-grade thermal metamorphic effects extend about 6 mi (9.6 km) from the Ruby Range intrusive axis. This is an unusually wide thermal aureole and indicates important heat sources in addition to the intrusions along the Ruby Range axis. Peripheral sills and laccoliths caused little thermal effect on the sediments. It i concluded that the thermal aureole adjacent to the Ruby Range is enlarged because of subjacent intrusions. Specifically, it is postulated that the White Rock pluton projects into the subsurface beneath the sedimentary cover. Recognition of organic matter metamorphism in the overlying sediments permits tracing the approximate margin of the pluton from its outcrop area in the northeast for a distance of about 10 mi (16 km) to the southwest along its subjacent trend. Relations between the trend of metamorphic isotherms and topography indicate that the pluton has a steep (stocklike) southeast margin. Significantly, the recently discovered molybdenum deposit beneath Mt. Emmons, near Crested Butte, Colorado, is located approximately along the projected trend of the subjacent extension of the hite Rock pluton. Recognition of very low grades of thermal metamorphism of organic matter may also have application to the location and evaluation of geothermal reservoirs. End_of_Article - Last_Page 893------------
System dynamics and control of bicycles at high speeds

This paper presents the system dynamics and automated roll-rate control of front and rear-wheel steered bicycles. Automated steering control of bicycles gains importance in the context of a recent effort, initiated by bicycle designer Matt Weaver, to develop controllers to steer bicycles at very high speeds (70-100 mph). This paper extends earlier work on rear-wheel steered bikes, importantly Klein's unridable bicycle. Controllers for both front and rear-wheel steered bicycles are designed based on classical control techniques. Simulation results demonstrate good robustness and disturbance rejection properties. Implementation is currently underway.
A subset selection procedure under input parameter uncertainty

This paper considers a stochastic system simulation with unknown input distribution parameters and assumes the availability of a limited amount of historical data for parameter estimation. We investigate how to account for parameter uncertainty --- the uncertainty that is due to the estimation of the input distribution parameters from historical data of finite length --- in a subset selection procedure that identifies the stochastic system designs whose sample means are within a user-specified distance of the best mean performance measure. We show that even when the number of simulation replications is large enough for the stochastic uncertainty to be negligible, the amount of parameter uncertainty in output data imposes a threshold on the user-specified distance for an effective use of the subset selection procedure for simulation. We demonstrate the significance of this effect of parameter uncertainty for a multi-item inventory system simulation in the presence of short demand histories.
Tuning resistance states by thickness control in an electroforming-free nanometallic complementary resistance random access memory

Tuning low resistance state is crucial for resistance random access memory (RRAM) that aims to achieve optimal read margin and design flexibility. By back-to-back stacking two nanometallic bipolar RRAMs with different thickness into a complementary structure, we have found that its low resistance can be reliably tuned over several orders of magnitude. Such high tunability originates from the exponential thickness dependence of the high resistance state of nanometallic RRAM, in which electron wave localization in a random network gives rise to the unique scaling behavior. The complementary nanometallic RRAM provides electroforming-free, multi-resistance-state, sub-100 ns switching capability with advantageous characteristics for memory arrays.
Diagnosis: A step closer to screening for curable pancreatic cancer?

Early detection is the best opportunity to decrease cancer mortality rates. As such, a new study has made a head-to-head comparison of endoscopic ultrasonography and MRI for the detection of pancreatic lesions in high-risk asymptomatic individuals. Using multiple techniques for detection and screening could be the best approach.