cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MiPy: a system for generating multiple imputations

Multiple imputation has proven to be a useful mode of inference in the presence of missing data. It is a Monte-Carlo based methodology in which missing values are imputed multiple times by draws from a (typically explicit) imputation model. Generating “proper” imputations under reasonable models for the missing-data and complete-data mechanisms is often a computationally challenging task. The lack of software for generating multiple imputations is a serious impediment to the routine adoption of multiple imputation for handling missing data. Several groups have developed software for generating imputations, most of which is model specific, but none of this software is open, flexible, or extensible. In this paper I will introduce a computer software system, called MiPy, for generating multiple imputations under a wide variety of models using several computational approaches. The system is constructed from a combination of Python, an object-oriented and portable high-level interpreted language, and compiled modules in C, C++, and Fortran. MiPy features a clean syntax, simple GUI, open source, and portability to all of the major operating system platforms. In MiPy, Python can be viewed as the glue language that ties together computationally intensive modules written in lower-level languages.
Black Consumers and Black Business: Income, Spending and Sales Relationships

The fundamental importance of Black customers in the survival and success of Black business is explored in this paper. Aggregate cross-section data are used to analyze Black consumer income, spending and their relationships to the receipts of Black-owned business. Comparisons are made for selected years of the patterns of and trends in the income and spending of Blacks relative to receipts of Black-owned business. The size, locations and composition of the Black busines sector are considered to be the most important determinants of the extent of Black consumer patronage of Black-owned businesses. It is concluded that unless and until major structural changes occur in the Black business sector, it will continue to receive a small and gradually decreasing proportion of Black consumer spending. Its share of total business receipts will also continue to decline.
Peptization Studies of Asphaltene in Asphalt Systems and Correlation by Solubility Parameter Spectra

Asphaltene particles are dispersed in saturates and aromatic hydrocarbons (gas-oil) with resins as peptizing agents in asphalt or heavy oil. The interaction between resin and asphaltene micelles is not well understood. In the present study, asphaltene has been dispersed into aromatic hydrocarbons (such as toluene), and the precipitations due to additions of paraffinic hydrocarbons (such as pentane) in the presence of a number of amphiphiles have been studied. These amphiphiles certainly affect the asphaltene precipitation, either by retardation or by enhancement, depending on the structural types and quantities of the amphiphiles. We have found that the nature of resin is that it behaves as an amphiphile, since the polar fractions of resin do contain amphiphiles. The solubility parameter spectra of these asphaltenes are discussed.
Amplitude and Phase Dynamics of Superradiant and Raman Pulse Trains

In an earlier numerical and experimental study of short far-infrared pulse generation,1 some anomalous numerical results suggested the possibility of instabilities occurring in pulse-train superradiance and Raman emission. In Ref. 1, molecules which could be modeled as three- level systems were excited via a vibrational transition by a train of pump laser pulses and produced either Raman or superradiant pulse trains on a coupled rotational transition, in what is usually referred to as the “lambda” configuration. In most instances, the generated pulse train settled into a steady state consisting of a series of identical pulses. Under some pump conditions, however, the superradiant or Raman pulse train seemed not to reach such a steady state. A more sophisticated numerical study of this problem2 has confirmed the existence of this instability and shown that it can lead to amplitude and phase dynamics similar to those observed in lasers3 and to chaotic output at experimentally accessible parameter values.
Riding la Bestiá: Preservice Teachers’ Responses to Documentary Counter-Stories of U.S. Immigration

In this mixed methods study, we examined the responses of 82 preservice teachers to the acclaimed documentary Which Way Home, a film that profiles unaccompanied adolescents who hitchhiked the train...
Local input-to-state stability of dynamic walking under persistent external excitation using hybrid zero dynamics

This paper establishes local input-to-state stability (ISS) of a dynamically (limit-cycle) walking biped under the effect of persistent exogenous forcing. For applications involving interaction of a walking biped with an external agent, the biped should be able to adapt its locomotion to external forces. Local ISS guarantees a bound on the magnitude of the exogenous force within which the biped will continue taking steps. On a point foot biped, a controller is developed within the framework of hybrid zero dynamics (HZD) to generate an exponentially stable walking gait in the absence of the external force. The corresponding HZD is shown to be locally ISS when an external piecewise constant force acts on the biped. Local ISS for the full-order biped is then proved under the assumption of sufficiently fast convergence rates of the transversal dynamics. These results provide a first step toward a rigorous framework within which tasks that involve dynamic locomotion under the influence of external forcing can be analyzed.
Outcomes of a Psychoeducational Intervention to Reduce Internalized Stigma Among Psychosocial Rehabilitation Clients

Objective:This community-based randomized controlled trial was carried out to test the Ending Self-Stigma (ESS) psychoeducational intervention, which is designed to help adults with serious mental illnesses reduce internalization of mental illness stigma and its effects.Methods:A total of 268 adults from five different mental health programs in Maryland took part. After baseline interview, consenting participants were randomly assigned to the nine-week ESS intervention or a minimally enhanced treatment-as-usual control condition. Participants were assessed by using symptom, psychosocial functioning, and self-stigma measures at baseline, postintervention, and six-month follow-up. Demographic characteristics were assessed at baseline.Results:Compared with participants in the control condition, ESS group participants showed significant decreases on the stereotype agreement and self-concurrence subscales of the Self Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, significant improvement on the alienation and stigma resistanc...
Subjective and physiological effects, and expired carbon monoxide concentrations in frequent and occasional cannabis smokers following smoked, vaporized, and oral cannabis administration.

Abstract Background Although smoking is the most common cannabis administration route, vaporization and consumption of cannabis edibles are common. Few studies directly compare cannabis’ subjective and physiological effects following multiple administration routes. Methods Subjective and physiological effects, and expired carbon monoxide (CO) were evaluated in frequent and occasional cannabis users following placebo (0.001% Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]), smoked, vaporized, and oral cannabis (6.9% THC, ∼54 mg). Results Participants’ subjective ratings were significantly elevated compared to placebo after smoking and vaporization, while only occasional smokers’ ratings were significantly elevated compared to placebo after oral dosing. Frequent smokers’ maximum ratings were significantly different between inhaled and oral routes, while no differences in occasional smokers’ maximum ratings between active routes were observed. Additionally, heart rate increases above baseline 0.5 h after smoking (mean 12.2 bpm) and vaporization (10.7 bpm), and at 1.5 h (13.0 bpm) and 3 h (10.2 bpm) after oral dosing were significantly greater than changes after placebo, with no differences between frequent and occasional smokers. Finally, smoking produced significantly increased expired CO concentrations 0.25–6 h post-dose compared to vaporization. Conclusions All participants had significant elevations in subjective effects after smoking and vaporization, but only occasional smokers after oral cannabis, indicating partial tolerance to subjective effects with frequent exposure. There were no differences in occasional smokers’ maximum subjective ratings across the three active administration routes. Vaporized cannabis is an attractive alternative for medicinal administrations over smoking or oral routes; effects occur quickly and doses can be titrated with minimal CO exposure. These results have strong implications for safety and abuse liability assessments.
Geographic and socioeconomic determinants of participation by elderly patients in surgical oncology trials.

6127 Background: A recent report by our group demonstrated that <0.5% of elderly patients with breast, prostate and lung cancer participate in surgical oncology trials. However, little work to date...
The Selfie Generation: Examining the Relationship Between Social Media Use and Early Adolescent Body Image:

Social media use among adolescents continues to increase each year. This cross-sectional study explored how the amount of time spent using social media and the frequency of specific behaviors on so...
A Flexible, Low Power, Compact, Mobile Sensor for Emotion Monitoring in Human Computer Interaction

Emotion-sensing is an important part in human computer interaction. Electrodermal activity measurement has been employed for a while to sense emotion. In this paper, the authors combine EDA, mobile technology, and flexible PCB substrate to implement a low power, compact emotion sensor which can be displayed on a smartphone. The flexible PCB circuit and sensing electrodes can be conformably wrapped around the user’s fingers to form a compact integrated unit. The 1st generation sensor has overall size 60 × 60 mm and consumes 90 mW under regular Bluetooth recording. In the newer version, we house the unit in a silicone mold to form a robust package for versatile sensing environment. With the new package, we were able to record 8-h sleeping patterns.
A new species of Puccinia onOcimum adscendens

1. The fungus attacks leaves and sometimes twigs. The infected portions appear as concentric blotches. Three spore forms,viz., pycnia, aeia and telia are present. 2. Pycnia are subhypodermal-flask shaped and orange yellow in colour. The paraphyses are exserted from the ostiole. 3. Aecia are developed on both the surfaces of the leaves, and are covered with well-developed peridia. Aeciospores are polyhydral and smooth-walled. A single germ pore becomes visible during germination. 4. Telia are amphigenous and are black in colour. Teliospore is stipitate, and two-celled. Spores germinate without a period of rest. The basidiospores are thin-walled, and uninucleate. Some abnormal types of germinations have been described. 5. Basidiospores infect the same host and form pycnia and aecia, and thus it is manifest that the fungus is autœcious. 6. Spore measurements and other considerations goes to show thatAecidium leiocarpum Syd. is the aecial stage ofPuccinia leiocarpum (Syd.) Thirumalachar. In conclusion the author wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Dr. M. A. Sampathkumaran,m.a., ph.d., Professor of Botany, Central College, Bangalore, for guidance and encouragement in the course of this work, and to Dr. B. B. Mundkur, Imperial Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, for the help given in identifying the species and valuable suggestions.
Axiomatic analysis of translation language model for information retrieval

Statistical translation models have been shown to outperform simple document language models which rely on exact matching of words in the query and documents. A main challenge in applying translation models to ad hoc information retrieval is to estimate a translation model without training data. In this paper, we perform axiomatic analysis of translation language model for retrieval in order to gain insights about how to optimize the estimation of translation probabilities. We propose a set of constraints that a reasonable translation language model should satisfy. We check these constraints on the state-of-the-art translation estimation method based on Mutual Information and find that it does not satisfy most of the constraints. We then propose a new estimation method that better satisfies the defined constraints. Experimental results on representative TREC data sets show that the proposed new estimation method outperforms the existing Mutual Information-based estimation, suggesting that the proposed constraints are indeed helpful for designing better estimation methods for translation language model.
Further manipulation by centric misdivision of the 1RS.1BL translocation in wheat

Complete chromosomes 1R and 1B were reconstructed in wheat from the centric wheat-rye translocation 1RS.1BL. Three substitutions: 1R(1A), 1R(1B), 1R(1D), and three new centric translocations: 1RS.1AL, 1RS.1BL, 1RS.1DL were produced from the reconstructed chromosome 1R. Each one of these has the same rye chromosome arm 1RS which was present in the original translocation 1RS.1BL of ‘Kavkaz’ wheat. Reconstructed chromosome 1B and a normal chromosome 1R were used to produce a new 1RS.1BL translocation. This translocation has the long arm from the original 1RS.1BL translocation of ‘Kavkaz’, but a different 1RS arm. The third generation centric translocations were mitotically stable and were normally transmitted to progeny. Misdivision frequency of the reconstructed chromosomes 1R did not change relative to normal 1R, whereas the misdivision frequency of the two reconstructed chromosomes 1B tested was significantly higher relative to normal 1B. These experiments demonstrate that repeated cycles of centric breakage and fusion do not impair the function of centromeres in wheat and rye but may change chromosome's susceptibility to misdivision.
Signal Processing in Smart Grids: From Data to Reliable Information

The recent proliferation of data is revolutionizing the practice of power system monitoring and control. With the Smart Grid initiative, more than two thousand multi-channel phasor measurement units (PMUs) [37] have now been installed in North America [35]. PMUs can directly measure GPS-synchronized bus voltage phasors, line current phasors, and the frequency, at a rate of 30 or 60 samples per second per channel. Compared to the conventional Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems that only provide measurements every 2–5 s, which are not accurately synchronized in time, PMUs can drastically improve the system visibility and enhance the situational awareness.
Nanoscale III-V Light Emitting Diode with Antenna-Enhanced 250 Picosecond Spontaneous Emission Lifetime

We report the time-resolved light emission measurement of a nanoscale electrically-injected III-V light emitting diode coupled to a metal antenna. Spontaneous emission lifetime decreases from 1.6 ns to 250 ps with an antenna.
Choice Architecture in Appalachian High Schools: Evaluating and Improving Cafeteria Environments.

School meals are a primary source of nutrition for many adolescents. Determining factors that influence the selection of various foods can provide insight on strategies to improve students’ cafeteria choices. This evaluation and observation was conducted at three Appalachian high schools to assess the cafeteria environment. The study developed and implemented an assessment tool created using principles of choice architecture and behavioral economics building on the work of the Cornell Center for Behavioral Economics in Child Nutrition Programs (BEN Center). The assessment tool scored eight components of the lunchroom—the exterior, hot serving area, cold serving area, salad bar, beverage area, payment station, dining area and grab-n-go, where a higher score equals healthier components offered. High school (HS) #1 earned 73/128 points (57%), HS #2 earned 69/128 (54%), and HS #3 earned 53/102 (52%). HS #3 did not have a grab-n-go option and the final score was out of 102. Video observation was used to collect data on lunchroom activity during mealtimes. Each school received reports that highlight the results and suggest improvements to raise their score. The scoring tool represents a novel way to assess the health of school lunches, provide insights on how to improve the healthfulness of students’ lunch choice, and improve overall nutrition status.
Innate Immune Pattern Recognition and the Development of Intestinal Cancer

Inflammation and cancer have been connected since Virchow’s pathologic examination of tumors revealed widespread immune cell infiltration. It is only recently, however, that a mechanistic understanding of this association has emerged. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), host receptors that transmit signals after binding moieties found in microbes or released by the host in response to injury, are one such molecular link. Recent work has established the importance of microbe-host signaling, mediated by PRRs, in a range of inflammatory responses, including the development and inhibition of cancer. Here, we review pattern recognition receptors and the implications of their activation on cancer. We focus on cancers in the gastrointestinal tract, the site of the greatest magnitude and diversity of the microbiota in humans. Signaling through PRRs impacts every stage of intestinal cancer, from the early phases of initiation to metastatic spread, and diverse cell types found in the tumor microenvironment, from neoplastic cells themselves to immune and stromal cells. We highlight recent discoveries that support a model in which tumors progress by exploiting PRR signaling. We argue that the tumor microenvironment exposes diverse signals from an altered microbiota and the host itself that converge on pattern recognition receptors, thereby perpetuating tumor growth. Analogous to pathogens, tumors orchestrate their own survival, which we propose occurs by both inducing and benefitting from alterations in host-associated microbial colonization.
Peripheral Nociception Is Associated with Voluntary Activation Deficits and Quadriceps Weakness Following Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background Quadriceps weakness is a hallmark of total knee arthroplasty and is driven by reduced voluntary muscle activation following the surgical procedure. The mechanisms underlying postoperative activation deficits are not well established, although nociception has been implicated via both spinal reflex and supraspinal pathways. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of nociception in postoperative recovery of strength and activation. Methods A total of 53 participants were assessed prior to total knee arthroplasty and at 6 weeks postoperatively. Quadriceps strength was measured by maximum voluntary isometric contraction, and activation was measured by the doublet interpolation technique. The pressure-pain threshold was used to measure local sensitization (at the knee joint) and systemic sensitization (at the forearm). Changes in outcomes (strength and activation) were regressed against pressure-pain threshold measurements. Mediation analyses were planned for significant associations to investigate whether deficits in voluntary activation were implicated on a causal pathway between pressure-pain threshold measures and postoperative strength loss. Results Knee pressure-pain threshold measures were significantly associated with reduced voluntary quadriceps activation (beta = -0.04; p = 0.009) and diminished quadriceps strength after total knee arthroplasty (beta = -0.07; p = 0.001). There was also a mediation effect of voluntary activation on the relationship between the knee pressure-pain threshold and quadriceps strength. After correcting for multiple comparisons, relationships between the forearm pressure-pain threshold and strength and activation did not reach significance. Conclusions The measures of local nociceptor sensitization were related to reduced strength and activation following total knee arthroplasty. This is consistent with a causal pathway linking increased firing of knee joint nociceptors to reduced activation and reduced strength. Future randomized studies should investigate whether peripherally directed pain therapies reduce pain while also promoting the recovery of quadriceps strength via an improved capacity for voluntary activation. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Frontierwhorlroamer: Eugene Jolas’s Cosmopoetics

It is essentially the story of a Man from Babel who seeks, through linguistic, psychological and philosophical struggles, an occidental unity within himself and the world around him; who believes finally that the Occident is One, and that the Columbian reality represents the hope for a new dynamic synthesis of races and languages. Eugene Jolas, Synopsis for an Autobiography [1] The article analyzes Eugene Jolas’ two multilingual poems “Frontier-Poem” (1935) and “America Mystica” (1937) in the transnational context of European Union and hemispheric conceptualizations of the Americas to show how Jolas worked towards a new paradigm and terminology to name the transnational identities created through mass migrations and unstable boundaries of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. With poetic sensibility forged at the confluence of the utilitarian jargon of journalism and the irrepressible plurality of the collective unconscious, Jolas’s cosmopoetics offered the universal language of Atlantica, which, paradoxically, was to be both all-inclusive (consisting of essences of all idioms in the world) and universally spoken. Only such a language promised literary expression for the “frontierwhorlroamer”, whose poetics grew out of linguistic mixtures of transcontinental wandering.
Partners’ Educational Pairings and Fertility Intentions in the United States: Evidence from 2015–2017 National Survey of Family Growth:

In light of the ongoing educational shift from favoring men to favoring women, this study contributes to the literature on fertility by investigating the relationship between educational pairings a...
Cardiovascular, neurological, and inflammatory complications of obesity hypoventilation syndrome

Abstract Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is a systemic disease with negative consequences that extend beyond the respiratory system. These patients have a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease, pulmonary hypertension, neurocognitive dysfunction, hypersomnia, metabolic disorders, and elevated inflammatory markers. They usually have significant functional limitations despite normal cardiac index with evidence suggesting deranged hemodynamic profile as a major cause. Other factors that contribute to this problem are obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, right ventricular overload, and left ventricular disease. Positive airway pressure therapy can improve gas exchange abnormalities, hemodynamic repercussions, and functional capacity. The challenge is a timely diagnosis that requires a high index of suspicion. It is still an underdiagnosed disease.
Silicon Dating.

In order to service an ever-growing base of legacy electronics, both government and industry customers must turn to third-party brokers for components in short supply or discontinued by the original manufacturer. Sourcing equipment from a third party creates an opportunity for unscrupulous gray market suppliers to insert counterfeit devices: failed, knock-off, or otherwise inferior to the original product. This increases the supplier's profits at the expense of reduced performance/reliability of the customer's system. The most challenging class of counterfeit devices to detect is recycled counterfeits: recovered genuine devices which are re-sold as new. Such devices are difficult to detect because they typically pass performance and parametric tests but fail prematurely due to age-related wear. To address the challenge of detecting recycled devices pre-deployment, we develop Silicon Dating: a low-overhead classifier for detecting recycled integrated circuits using Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM) power-on states. Silicon Dating targets devices with no known-new record or purpose-built anti-recycling hardware. We observe that over time, software running on a device imprints its unique data patterns into SRAM through analog-domain changes; we measure the level and direction of this change through SRAM power-on state statistics. In contrast to highly symmetric power-on states produced by variation during SRAM fabrication, we show that embedded software data is generally highly asymmetric and that the degree of power-on state asymmetry imprinted by software reveals device use. Using empirical results from embedded benchmarks running on several microcontrollers, we show that Silicon Dating identifies recycled devices with 84.1% accuracy with no software-specific knowledge and with 92.0% accuracy by incorporating software knowledge---without prior device enrollment or modification.
Cerebellar-Cortical Connectivity Is Linked to Social Cognition Trans-Diagnostically.

Background: Psychotic disorders are characterized by impairment in social cognitive processing, which is associated with poorer community functioning. However, the neural mechanisms of social impairment in psychosis remain unclear. Social impairment is a hallmark of other psychiatric illnesses as well, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and the nature and degree of social cognitive impairments across psychotic disorders and ASD are similar, suggesting that mechanisms that are known to underpin social impairments in ASD may also play a role in the impairments seen in psychosis. Specifically, in both humans and animal models of ASD, a cerebellar-parietal network has been identified that is directly related to social cognition and social functioning. In this study we examined social cognition and resting-state brain connectivity in people with psychosis and in neurotypical adults. We hypothesized that social cognition would be most strongly associated with cerebellar-parietal connectivity, even when using a whole-brain data driven approach. Methods: We examined associations between brain connectivity and social cognition in a trans-diagnostic sample of people with psychosis (n = 81) and neurotypical controls (n = 45). Social cognition was assessed using the social cognition domain score of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. We used a multivariate pattern analysis to correlate social cognition with resting-state functional connectivity at the individual voxel level. Results: This approach identified a circuit between right cerebellar Crus I, II and left parietal cortex as the strongest correlate of social cognitive performance. This connectivity-cognition result was observed in both people with psychotic disorders and in neurotypical adults. Conclusions: Using a data-driven whole brain approach we identified a cerebellar-parietal circuit that was robustly associated with social cognitive ability, consistent with findings from people with ASD and animal models. These findings suggest that this circuit may be marker of social cognitive impairment trans-diagnostically and support cerebellar-parietal connectivity as a potential therapeutic target for enhancing social cognition.
Family Business Institutionalization, Governance, and Social Distinction Among Colombia’s Elite Business Families

While the institutionalization of some of Colombia’s largest family-owned businesses is often explained with reference to the global economic liberalization of the 1990s and the need for smooth intergenerational transference of property and management, this article connects the increasing popularity of these specialized managerial measures to long-standing structures of social hierarchy and group formation in the country. Drawing on twenty months of ethnographic research among members of industrial elite business-owning families, I argue that the increasing prevalence of these measures cannot be fully explained without attention to dynamics of symbolic social distinction in the country. I ground family business governance in its social context by considering it in light of three important forms of distinction: in-group and cosmopolitan connections, conspicuous industriousness and enactment of “modern” values, and the adoption of governance as a form of family lineage.
Coaching for results: the 5 TIPS that drive performance: by Steven J. Stowell, Cherissa S. Newton, and Eric D. Mead, Salt Lake City, UT, CMOE Press, 2019, 184 pp., $16.91 (hbk), ISBN: 9781942269021

Coaching for Results: The 5 TIPS That Drive Performance offers a view outside of the field of education, with a focus on organizations and businesses, but its implications are applicable to all lea...
Eculizumab during Pregnancy in a Patient with Treatment-Refractory Myasthenia Gravis: A Case Report

The recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody eculizumab has been shown to be effective and well tolerated in patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive, treatment-refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG). Myasthenia gravis (MG) often affects women of child-bearing potential. However, management can be challenging during pregnancy, and current treatment options are limited due to potential teratogenicity. Data are currently lacking on the use of eculizumab in pregnant women with gMG. This case report describes a successful pregnancy in a young woman with treatment-refractory gMG treated with eculizumab before, during, and after pregnancy. Eculizumab appeared to have a favorable benefit-risk profile in this setting, with no treatment-related adverse effects noted in either the patient or the neonate. The patient remains neurologically stable on eculizumab, which she has now been receiving for 5 years. This first report of the use of eculizumab during pregnancy in a patient with treatment-refractory gMG suggests a potential role for eculizumab in this setting, although further clinical experience is necessary to support its use during pregnancy in women with MG.
Integrating patient perspectives in the development of a mobile health intervention to address chronic pain and heavy drinking in primary care: a qualitative study of patients in an urban, safety-net hospital setting

Chronic pain and heavy drinking are conditions that commonly co-occur among primary care patients. Despite the availability of behavioral interventions that target these conditions individually, engagement and adherence to treatment remain a challenge, and there have been no interventions designed to address both of these conditions together for patients presenting to primary care. This study seeks to incorporate the perspectives of patients regarding symptoms, treatment experiences, views on behavior change, and technology use to develop a tailored, integrated mobile health intervention that addresses both pain and heavy drinking among patients in primary care. Twelve participants with moderate or greater chronic pain intensity and heavy drinking were recruited from primary care clinics in a large urban safety-net hospital. One-on-one interviews were recorded and transcribed. Codes were developed from interview transcripts, followed by thematic analysis in which specific meanings were assigned to codes. Participants also completed a series of Likert-based rating scales to evaluate components of the proposed intervention to supplement qualitative interviews. A number of themes were identified that had implications for intervention tailoring including: ambivalence about changing drinking, low expectations about pain treatment success, desire for contact with a designated provider, common use of smartphones but lack of familiarity with functions as a potential barrier to use, and strategies to maintain engagement and adherence. Evaluative ratings indicated that the proposed intervention content was perceived as helpful and the proposed structure, layout and design of the mobile intervention was acceptable to patients. Results supported the view that a mobile health intervention delivered via smartphone with electronic coaching is an acceptable method of addressing chronic pain and heavy drinking among patients in primary care. The interviews highlight the need to utilize an intervention approach that addresses motivation to change drinking, sets realistic expectations for change, provides careful attention to training/education of the use of technology components, and fosters engagement through the use of reminders, feedback, and personalized activities.
A Data-Driven Model of a Firm's Operations With Application to Cash Flow Forecasting

The cash flow from the operations of a firm is an endogenous function of the operational variables of the firm -- sales, operating cost, inventory, payables, receivables, etc. Cash flow depends on these variables, and in turn, these variables depend on cash flow and each other through the decisions made by the firm. Consequently, cash flow forecasting is a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a generalizable and data-driven model of a firm's operations to disentangle this endogeneity and estimate causal impacts among variables. By estimating our model using quarterly public operational and financial data from S &P's Compustat database for 1990-2020, we obtain joint forecasts for cash flows and other operational variables as functions of their lagged values. We show that these joint forecasts are more accurate than those generated from univariate time-series models. Our model also helps quantify the short- and long-run impacts of structural shocks in variables on the entire system, which has applications in assessing the impact of exogenous macroeconomic factors such as recessions (or the COVID-19 pandemic) on future operational performance.
Mapping the Potential for Eolian Surface Activity in Grasslands of the High Plains Using Landsat Images

There are over 100,000 square kilometers of eolian sand dunes and sand sheets in the High Plains of the central United States. These land-forms may be unstable and may reactivate again as a result of land-use, climate change, or natural climatic variability. The main goal of this thesis was to develop a model that could be used to map an estimate of future dune activity. Multi-temporal calibrated Landsats 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and 7 Enhanced Thematic Map per Plus (ETM+) NDVI imagery were used in conjunction with the CENTURY vegetation model to correlate vegetation cover to climatic variability. This allows the creation of a predicted vegetation map which, combined with current wind and soil data, was used to create a potential sand transport map for range land in the High Plains under drought conditions.
DW-MRI Assessment of Diffuse Liver Disease

MR imaging plays an increasingly important role in the evaluation of patients with chronic liver disease, due to its high contrast resolution, lack of ionizing radiation, and the possibility of performing functional imaging. With advances in MR imaging hardware and coil systems, DW-MRI can now be applied to liver imaging applications with good image quality. In this chapter, we will review available DW-MRI data for the diagnosis and quantifi-cation of liver fibrosis, and for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. We will also discuss limitations and future directions of DW-MRI for the assessment of patients with chronic liver disease.
Effect of Hurricane Inez (1966) on the hydrography and productivity of the western Gulf of Mexico

Hurricane Inez, a small intense storm, traversed the western Gulf of Mexico effecting changes in the physical, chemical and biological state of the water. Observations made before and immediately after the storm along a line normal to the hurricane path permitted diagnoses of local changes. A discussion of these changes is presented. In the light of recent numerical experiments, implications regarding induced water circulation is considered.
Verification of Cloak deisgns based on transformation optics via rigorous numerical simulation

Perhaps no single topic under the general umbrella of Metamaterials has elicited the recent attention of so many researchers as has the subject of “Cloaking”[1], which deals with the problem of making objects disappear-so to speak-because the cloaking material wrapped around the object bends the paths of the impinging light rays in a manner such that they skirt around the object; and, hence, the scatterer is not “seen” by the interrogating light.
Revolution and Constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire and Iran

1. Introduction 2. The state of revolution 3. The Young Turk Revolution and the global wave 4. Constitutional struggles and struggle for the constitution 5. Government within the government: the purges 6. Counterrevolution 7. Iran: reform and patrimonialism in comparative perspective 8. The unlikely revolution: the constitutional revolution of 1906 in Iran in light of the Young Turks 9. Concluding remarks.
Governing by Testing: Circulation, Psychometric Knowledge, Experts and the “Alliance for Progress” in Latin America During the 1960s and 1970s

This paper analyzes the activities, members, and effects of an inter-American expert network for the diffusion of psychometric knowledge, specifically of standardized aptitude testing for university admission in Latin America during the 1960s and 1970s. Within the framework of educational transfer studies, the role of international, nongovernmental, and philanthropic organizations is examined. It is argued that circulation of psychometric knowledge and technologies led to a new governing regime for learning and learners. The paper discusses the effect of convergence and Americanization, in the context of US-promoted “Alliance for Progress,” but also of divergence and resistance.
Acute presentation of stroke.

The National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), a branch of the National Institutes of Health, defines stroke as sudden loss of brain function resulting from an interference with the blood supply to the brain. This definition clearly limits stroke to an acute vascular phenomena involving the brain and encompassing both hemorrhagic and ischemic events. Approximately 15% of strokes are hemorrhagic (including intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage), and 85% are ischemic. The mortality rate for hemorrhagic stroke can be as high as 50% and is approximately 20% for ischemic strokes of all types, but ultimate outcome and function are related to the subtype of stroke. In this section, an understanding of the acute presentation and initial management of stroke is provided. Acute stroke syndromes and their diagnosis, the differential diagnosis of acute stroke, and the initial management and stabilization of acute stroke patients are reviewed.
Cortical control of macronuclear positioning in the ciliate Stentor

In the ciliate Stentor, the chain macronucleus has a fixed position within the cell; it is located just beneath the region of narrow cortical striping to the right of the gullet (nuclear site). Stentor therefore lends itself well to experiments on control of nuclear positioning. I have studied this problem by microsurgically producing various abnormalities of nuclear positioning and determining how these are corrected. Breaks in the nuclear chain were repaired by segregation of broken parts into the two daughter cells at division. When a second nucleus was transplanted into a stentor, the abnormality was eventually corrected because the two parallel chains tended to move during oral development (regeneration or division) so that one was anterior to the other. The two nuclei were then segregated into the anterior and posterior daughter cells at division. When a doublet stentor, which has two nuclear sites and two macronuclei, was deprived of one nucleus, it acquired a second one because the remaining nucleus was attracted to both nuclear sites when it elongated during oral development. This phenomenon first produced doublets with a single nuclear chain sharing the two nuclear sites at opposite ends of the cell, a break in the chain then presumably created two nuclei. These latter observations indicate that one mechanism by which the nucleus is positioned involves its attraction toward the nuclear site, a differentiated region of cell cortex, during oral development. Other experiments have shown that the nuclear site also holds the nucleus firmly in place.
Effective ionic radii and crystal chemistry

Abstract Two types of structure stability fields can be constructed using effective ionic radii. Type I plots of r M 3 vs. unit cell volume of MX s or M p M′ q X s compounds are approximately linear and can be used to help predict the radii of certain cations and the effects of high pressure on structure. Type II plots of r M vs. r M ′ for M p M′ q X s compounds are used to systematize structure types, to predict possible new compounds, and to predict effects of high pressure on structure. Deviations of Type I plots from linearity frequently indicate errors in unit cell dimensions (ABO 2 delafossite series), deviations from stoichiometry (VO and TiO), special bonding characteristics (PdCoO 2 ), or change in cation coordination (rare earth orthoferrites). Deviations of ZnF 2 and MgF 2 from the rutile fluoride plots are not understood. Crystal structure refinements in conjunction with effective ionic radii can sometimes be used to provide information about valence, cation coordination, and electron spin. Interatomic distances in AgO are consistent only with square planar coordinated Ag + and the composition Ag + Ag 3+ O 2 . Cobalt-oxygen distances in PdCoO 2 are consistent only with trivalent low-spin cobalt.
Noncardiac Incidental Findings on Cardiac CT: A Step-by-Step Approach

Noncardiac incidental findings on cardiac CT are remarkably common and some of these may have a significant impact on patient management. Herein, we present a straightforward and cost-effective step-by-step approach for identifying and reporting noncardiac incidental findings. In Step 1, we discuss the ‘ABCDEFG’ search pattern for systematically reviewing noncardiac organ systems. The most prevalent and clinically significant incidental findings are highlighted with strategies for increasing their conspicuity. In Step 2, the importance of reviewing clinical history and prior imaging studies is discussed. In Step 3, we provide a classification scheme and follow-up recommendations for incidental findings based on their potential clinical significance.
Chlamydia Species Strain TWAR

The chlamydia have long been recognized as ubiquitous pathogens capable of producing a wide spectrum of disease both in children and in adults. Common infections caused by this pathogen include pneumonia in infants, trachoma in children, and genital tract disease in adults. While neonatal chlamydial pneumonia is commonly described, chlamydial pneumonia in adults is less commonly recognized and was originally associated only with exposure to psittacine birds. Instances of person-to-person transmission of a chlamydial pneumonia were first identified in San Francisco in 1941. The organism isolated was a chlamydia-like agent with glycogen-staining characteristics unlike those of the well-studied avian chlamydia but much more difficult to maintain in culture. This finding lapsed into obscurity until 1965, when a chlamydial organism again demonstrating a Chlamydia psittaci-like staining pattern was isolated from a Taiwanese child in a trachoma study. This isolate was eventually named TW183. It was not until 1983, however, when a patient with atypical pneumonia was found to be infected with a similar pathogen, dubbed AR39, that the question of prevalence was raised. As the behavior of these isolates was characterized in Grayston's laboratory, it became apparent that they represented a novel human pathogen and the name TWAR (Taiwan acute respiratory agent) was adopted. Subsequent epidemiologic studies of this agent have shown broad exposure over a wide geographic distribution with almost 40% of tested populations showing serologic evidence of exposure.
Determination of C-terminal group of aspergillopeptidase Af.

Nos observations concernent la determination de groupes C-terminaux d'aspergillopeptidase Af extraite de la culture d'Aspergillus fumigatus. Nous avons utilise la technique de l'hydrazinolyse et avec la chromatographie alternante et demontre que la leucine constitue un aminoacide C-terminal.
Hepatic and neuromuscular forms of glycogen storage disease type IV caused by mutations in the same glycogen-branching enzyme gene

Glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD-IV) is an autosomal recessive disease resulting from deficient glycogen-branching enzyme (GBE) activity. The classic and most common form is progressive liver cirrhosis and failure leading to either liver transplantation or death by 5 yr of age. However, the liver disease is not always progressive. In addition, a neuromuscular type of the disease has been reported. The molecular basis of GSD-IV is not known, nor is there a known reason for the clinical variability. We studied the GBE gene in patients with various presentations of GSD-IV. Three point mutations in the GBE gene were found in two patients with the classical presentation: R515C, F257L, and R524X. Transient expression experiments showed that these mutations inactivated GBE activity. Two point mutations, L224P and Y329S, were detected in two separate alleles of a patient with the nonprogressive hepatic form. The L224P resulted in complete loss of GBE activity, whereas the Y329S resulted in loss of approximately 50% of GBE activity. The Y329S allele was also detected in another patient with the nonprogressive form of GSD-IV but not in 35 unrelated controls or in patients with the more severe forms of GSD-IV. A 210-bp deletion from nucleotide 873 to 1082 of the GBE cDNA was detected in a patient with the fatal neonatal neuromuscular presentation. This deletion, representing the loss of one full exon, was caused by a 3' acceptor splicing site mutation (ag to aa). The deletion abolished GBE activity. Our studies indicate that the three different forms of GSD-IV were caused by mutations in the same GBE gene. The data also suggest that the significant retention of GBE activity in the Y329S allele may be a reason for the mild disease. Further study of genotype/phenotype correlations may yield useful information in predicting the clinical outcomes.
Force-constant changes and localized modes for iron impurities in cubic metals from Mössbauer-fraction measurements

Precision M\"ossbauer-fraction measurements have been used in combination with Mannheim's impurity-lattice theory to determine impurity-host force-constant changes and anharmonicity parameters for ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$ in Cu, Pd, Pt, Au, Al, Nb, and Cr. Combining these with available data on host-phonon frequency distributions, the impurity dynamic-response functions have been calculated. The theory predicts the existence of localized modes in Cu, Pt, and Au. The possible existence of localized modes in V, Zn, and Ni is also discussed.