cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Body Temperature Modulates Infarction Growth following Endovascular Reperfusion

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The neuronal substrate is highly sensitive to temperature elevation; however, its impact on the fate of the ischemic penumbra has not been established. We analyzed interactions between temperature and penumbral expansion among successfully reperfused patients with acute ischemic stroke, hypothesizing infarction growth and worse outcomes among patients with fever who achieve full reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 129 successfully reperfused (modified TICI 2b/3) patients (mean age, 65 ± 15 years) presenting within 12 hours of onset were examined from a prospectively collected acute ischemic stroke registry. CT perfusion was analyzed to produce infarct core, hypoperfusion, and penumbral mismatch volumes. Final DWI infarction volumes were measured, and relative infarction growth was computed. Systemic temperatures were recorded throughout hospitalization. Correlational and logistic regression analyses assessed the associations between fever (>37.5°C) and both relative infarction growth and favorable clinical outcome (90-day mRS of ≤2), corrected for NIHSS score, reperfusion times, and age. An optimized model for outcome prediction was computed by using the Akaike Information Criterion. RESULTS: The median presentation NIHSS score was 18 (interquartile range, 14–22). Median (interquartile range) CTP-derived volumes were: core = 9.6 mL (1.5–25.3 mL); hypoperfusion = 133 mL (84.2–204 mL); and final infarct volume = 9.6 mL (8.3–45.2 mL). Highly significant correlations were observed between temperature of >37.5°C and relative infarction growth (Kendall τ correlation coefficient = 0.24, P = .002). Odds ratios for favorable clinical outcome suggested a trend toward significance for fever in predicting a 90-day mRS of ≤2 (OR = 0.31, P = .05). The optimized predictive model for favorable outcomes included age, NIHSS score, procedure time to reperfusion, and fever. Likelihood ratios confirmed the superiority of fever inclusion (P CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that imaging and clinical outcomes may be affected by systemic temperature elevations, promoting infarction growth despite reperfusion.
Fatigue Life Simulation and Analysis of an Ignition Coil

An ignition coil is subjected to a very dynamic loading environment during its operational service. Some of these loads expose the ignition coil to mechanical fatigue. In the process of designing a reliable coil, it is beneficial to make an accurate durability assessment of the coil design even before the prototype is built. A case study is presented here that explores into the thermal fatigue and durability assessment of the primary wire of a coil by using CAE simulation. The simulation presents the effects of the coil assembly loads and operating service loads upon the fatigue and durability of the wire. The simulation prediction is validated by the lab test. A validated simulation would help in quickly identifying the critical design parameters and exploring the design space to develop a reliable and durable ignition coil.
SUCCESSFUL REDUCTION OF INTRAOPERATIVE TRANSFUSIONS DURING CARDIAC SURGERY

Background Intraoperative transfusion burden was identified as a practice improvement area within cardiac surgery. Objectives Our project aimed to reduce intraoperative blood utilization during cardiac surgery. Methods A multidisciplinary team analyzed cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery practice to identify risks for hemodilution. A suite of intraoperative blood conservation strategies, including retrograde autologous priming, was implemented. Data were analyzed comparing Pre to Post implementation time periods. Using descriptive statistics we analyzed intravenous fluid volume, intraoperative hematocrit (hct), and blood component units per case as outcome measures. Process control methodology was used to assess long term impact (sustainability) of our intervention. Results Analysis of 136 (72 pre, 64 post) cases of elective of non-redo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery demonstrated reduction in hemodilution by a mean (±95% CI) of 973.7 mL (671.6–1275.9; p Conclusions Through introduction and application of basic intraoperative blood conservation modalities, we successfully reduced intraoperative blood utilization during cardiac surgery. Improvements were significant and sustainable over time.
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) of the vitreous humor and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) of the retina in abused children with retinal hemorrhages

This study speculated that the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the vitreous humor might be altered in the setting of abusive head trauma (AHT) with retinal hemorrhages (RH). Fourty-four subjects were analyzed (n=20 AHT cases; n=24 controls). There was no statistically significant difference in normalized ADC values between the cases and controls (-0.14 and -0.08 respectively, p=0.46), but analysis of RH by susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) compared to dilated funduscopic exam demonstrated statistically significant correlation (p=0.003 and 0.012). Our results suggest that SWI serves as a more sensitive diagnostic tool for detection of ocular injury in AHT than ADC.
The curious case of Level 3 instruments

Abstract Standard setters and regulators face an ever-present concern over the discretionary influence firms have in financial reporting. For information to have enhanced relevance, some level of discretion in financial reporting is often necessary. Prior work suggests that firms may be opportunistic in exercising choice and influence where discretion is available to advantageously affect reported results. This study examines if aggressive firms take the opportunity afforded by the wide discretion in Level 3 valuations under the original Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820 standard to manipulate financial reporting. Minimal evidence is found to support an association between Level 3 valuations and other metrics reflecting earnings management. The findings may be driven by the high-level, and typically limited, disclosures that firms are required to make under the originally promulgated ASC 820. This primary finding suggests that FASB's move to increase the disclosures required under the standard was warranted.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FOWL CHOLERA : III. PORTAL OF ENTRY OF P. AVICIDA; REACTION OF THE HOST

1. In the experiments here presented, P. avicida proved incapable of inciting fowl cholera when introduced directly into the alimentary tract. On the other hand, when administered into the upper respiratory passages, it induced typical disease. 2. When P. avicida was introduced into the nasal passages of controlled, selected chickens, some died of typical septicemic cholera, a few developed chronic pneumonias and other conditions and succumbed, a few developed localized upper respiratory inflammations, such as rhinitis, roup, and wattle involvement, while yet a few others became "healthy" nasal carriers. Usually, however, more than 50 per cent resisted infection. Repeated titrations of this sort gave, in general, uniform results, save that in spring and summer the per cent mortality decreased. 3. P. avicida was recovered from a number of cases of "spontaneous" roup, rhinitis, and wattle disease. 4. Groups of chickens reacted similarly to doses of virulent P. avicida varying from 20,000,000 to 20,000. Outside these limits, dosage exercised a marked influence on mortality.
Validation of Minimally-Invasive Sample Collection Methods for Measurement of Telomere Length

Objective: The discovery of telomere length (TL) as a biomarker of cellular aging and correlate of age-related disease has generated a new field of research in the biology of healthy aging. Although the most common method of sample collection for TL is venous blood draw, less-invasive DNA collection methods are becoming more widely used. However, how TL relates across tissues derived from these sample collection methods is poorly understood. The current study is the first to characterize the associations in TL across three sample collection methods: venous whole blood, finger prick dried blood spot and saliva. Methods: TL was measured in 24 healthy young adults using three modes of sample collection for each participant: venous whole blood, finger prick dried blood spot and saliva. Relative TL was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: TL in finger prick dried blood spots (DBS) washighly correlated with TL in whole blood (r = 0.84, p < 0.001). Salivary TL was also correlated with whole blood TL (r = 0.56, p = 0.005), but this association was not as strong as that of dried blood spot TL (Steiger's Z = 2.12, p = 0.034). TL was longer in saliva than in whole blood or DBS (p's < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings have important implications for future study design by supporting the validity of less-invasive methods that can be implemented with vulnerable populations or in the field. Further, these findings aid in interpreting the burgeoning area of biological aging research and may shed light on our understanding of inconsistencies in the empirical literature.
Epidemiology and Demographics

Global population is growing in age. Osteoporosis is a disease that is related with aging. Fragility fractures of the pelvis have played a lesser role than the more prevalent hip, vertebral and upper extremity osteoporotic fractures. Due to better availability of CT scanners, pelvic fragility fractures are more frequently recognized as important osteoporotic fractures. Whereas the rates of geriatric hip fractures are on the decline over the past two decades, the incidence of pelvic ring fragility fractures is on the rise, especially in the higher age population. Various metabolic, rheumatologic, and oncologic disorders have been implicated in pelvic insufficiency fractures. There may be differential improvement in bone quality with the use of anti-resorptive and anabolic drugs, in which the proximal femur and vertebral bodies see greater improvement in bone mineral density compared to the pelvic ring and acetabulum, resulting in new and pathologic stresses felt by the pelvis. Mortality rates in patients, who sustain a pelvic ring injury, range from 9.5 to 18.9% in all patients over age 65 years to as great as 39% in elderly patients over age 90 years. There also is an impact on functional outcome. A large number of patients do not return to their pre-injury status.
Mathematical Modeling of the Multiphase Flow and Mixing Phenomena in a Gas-Stirred Ladle: The Effect of Bubble Expansion

A three-dimensional discrete phase model–volume of fluid coupled model has been developed to study the argon/steel/slag/air multiphase flow and mixing phenomena in an industrial gas-stirred ladle taking the coalescence, expansion and breakup of the argon bubbles as well as the fluctuant slag layer into account. The simulated results of the flow rate and bubble size evolution of the water model, as well as the slag eye size, are in good agreement with the experimental results reported in the literature. The modeling results show that the expansion of bubbles has a significant impact on the bubble size evolution and multiphase flow in an industrial ladle. The effects of different plug configurations on the flow characteristics and mixing time in the ladle are also investigated.
Optimization of a microchip electrophoresis method with electrochemical detection for the determination of nitrite in macrophage cells as an indicator of nitric oxide production

Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in many biological functions, including blood pressure regulation, the immune response, and neurotransmission. However, excess production of NO can lead to the generation of reactive nitrogen species and nitrosative stress and has been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disorders. Because NO is short-lived and generally difficult to detect, its primary stable degradation product, nitrite, is frequently monitored in its place. In this paper, an improved method using microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection (ME-EC) was developed for the separation and detection of nitrite in cell lysates. A separation of nitrite from several electroactive cell constituents and interferences was optimized, and the effect of sample and buffer conductivity on peak efficiency was explored. It was found that the addition of 10 mM NaCl to the run buffer caused stacking of the nitrite peak and improved limits of detection. A platinum black working electrode was also evaluated for the detection of nitrite and other electroactive cellular species after electrophoretic separation. The use of a modified platinum working electrode resulted in 2.5-, 1.7-, and 7.2-fold signal enhancement for nitrite, ascorbic acid, and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, and increased the sensitivity of the method for nitrite 2-fold. The optimized ME-EC method was used to compare nitrite production by native and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
The medical imagination: literature and health in the early United States

This richly researched and elegantly written study argues that early American medical writing and imaginative literature engaged in what Altschuler calls “imaginative experimentation” to test out t...
Experimental and Numerical Studies on a Method to Mitigate Screening Current-Induced Field for No-Insulation REBCO Coils

We present experimental and numerical studies on a method to mitigate screening current-induced field (SCF) for no-insulation (NI) REBCO coil. The SCF is the major field error to incorporate a REBCO insert for a high-field low-temperature superconducting (LTS)/high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet. The field-shaking technique is going to be used to mitigate the SCF of 800-MHz REBCO insert magnet (H800) for MIT 1.3-GHz LTS/HTS nuclear magnetic resonance magnet (1.3 G). The field-shaking using 500-MHz LTS background magnet generates the SCF in H800, due to huge self and mutual inductances of them. In this paper, we tested the effect of the induced current in the NI REBCO coil on the field-shaking technique to mitigate the SCF. The amount of the induced current was decided by the NI REBCO coil status; the open- or closed-loop coil. We performed three cases of experimental tests and analyzed them. From the test results, we may conclude that we need to limit the ramp rate of L500 during the field-shaking, to minimize the induced current in the HTS insert which consists of the NI REBCO coil.
Community-based exercise programs for cancer survivors: a scoping review of practice-based evidence.

Based on randomized controlled trials, exercise is an efficacious strategy to improve quality of life (QOL) among cancer survivors. However, the effectiveness of exercise programs to improve QOL in real-world settings is unknown, as are factors related to external validity. This hinders dissemination and scalability. This scoping review synthesized published research on community-based exercise programs for cancer survivors and reported on the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM). A systematic literature search identified community-based exercise programs for adult cancer survivors (1980–March 2018), that met the following inclusion criteria: at least one face-to-face exercise session, the primary aim of program evaluation (i.e., feasibility/effectiveness), and pre/post measure of QOL. Data were coded using the RE-AIM framework. The effect size was calculated for overall QOL. Electronic database search yielded 553 articles; 31 studies describing unique programs were included for review. All studies described at least one element of implementation and most (80.6%) reported a significant (p < .05) improvement in at least one subscale, or total QOL. Few studies reported on indicators of reach (16.1%), adoption (6.5%), individual (16.1%), or system-level maintenance (32.3%). Community-based exercise programs are effective for improving QOL in adult cancer survivors. Recommendations are provided to improve reporting across RE-AIM dimensions, which is an important step to enhance the scalability of programs and thus, the potential for exercise to be fully integrated into system-level standard care for cancer survivors. Community-based exercise programs are a resource to improve QOL for adult cancer survivors.
Retrospective Investigation on Parasitoses In-patients in Sichuan from 1991 to 2002

Objective To explore the species,damage and pathogenic characteristics of parasitoses and to provide scientific basis for clinic diagnosis and long-term control measures.Method All the case histories of parasitoses in-patients from 1991 to 2002 in 24 hospitals of Sichuan Province were screened and all the information listed into parasitosis case retrospective tables issued for national investigation on current situation of key human parasitoses.Result(3 113) parasitoses in-patients induced by 12 parasite species were recorded.Among them,single infection with roundworm accounted for 91.15%,with hookworm 4.29%,with schistosome 3.23%,while mixed infection with hookworm,roundworm and whipworm 0.39% and infection with other parasites 0.94%.The mortality rate of parasitoses in-patients was 0.15%.The economic losses reached an average of(1 239.77) RMB yuan/case.Conclusion Ascariasis caused the highest rate of hospitalization and the next was acylostomiasis.The misdiagnosis rate reached as high as 5.65%.It is necessary to enhance the human parasitosis diagnosis level among grass-roots doctors.Besides,the health education,self-protection and disease prevention consciousness among masses should be strengthened.
Symmetric Bloch oscillations of matter waves

Author(s): Pagel, Z; Zhong, W; Parker, RH; Olund, CT; Yao, NY; Muller, H | Abstract: Cold atoms in an optical lattice provide an ideal platform for studying Bloch oscillations. Here we extend Bloch oscillations to two superposed optical lattices that are accelerated away from one another, and show that these symmetric Bloch oscillations can split, reflect, and recombine matter waves coherently. Using the momentum parity symmetry of the Hamiltonian, we map out the energy band structure of the process and show that superpositions of momentum states are created by adiabatically following the ground state of the Hamiltonian. The relative phase and velocity of the two lattices completely determines the trajectories of different branches of the matter wave. Experimentally we demonstrate symmetric Bloch oscillations using cold cesium atoms where we form interferometers with up to 240ℏk momentum splitting, one of the largest coherent momentum splittings achieved to date. This work has applications in macroscopic tests of quantum mechanics, measurements of fundamental constants, and searches for new physics.
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency and Nutritional Complications

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (PI) affects a majority of the population with cystic fibrosis (CF). A subset is born with pancreatic sufficiency (PS), but it can develop to PI later in life. This chapter on PI and nutrition in CF begins with perspectives from a patient with CF and PI and then reviews historical observations, pathophysiology, definition of severe PI, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, screening and treatment of PI, fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, and bone health. The chapter highlights recommendations and evidence for treating PI with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, the approach to assessing the effectiveness of therapy, and the emergence of CFTR modulators, which may improve the management of PI and malnutrition. Finally, the chapter provides a summary of key points for the screening and treatment of PI and briefly discusses future directions.
National Partnership to Improve Dementia Care in Nursing Homes Campaign: State and Facility Strategies, Impact, and Antipsychotic Reduction Outcomes

Background and objectives Antipsychotic medications have been widely used in nursing homes to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, despite significantly increased mortality risk. Use grew rapidly during the 2000s, reaching 23.9% of residents by 2011. A national campaign for safer dementia care in U.S. nursing homes was launched in 2012, with public reporting of quality measures, increased regulatory scrutiny, and accompanying state and facility initiatives. By the second quarter of 2019, use had declined by 40.1% to 14.3%. We assessed the impact of state and facility initiatives during the Campaign aimed at encouraging more-judicious prescribing of antipsychotic medications. Research design and methods Our mixed-methods strategy integrated administrative and clinical data analyses with state and facility case studies. Results Results suggest that substantial change in prescribing is achievable through sustained, data-informed quality improvement initiatives integrating educational and regulatory interventions, supported by public quality reporting. Adequate staffing, particularly of registered nurses, is key to support individualized management of symptoms through nonpharmacological strategies. Case study results suggest that state and facility initiatives during the campaign achieved considerable buy-in for the goal of more conservative prescribing, through a social process of normalization. Reporting and reduction of antipsychotic use was not followed by increases in sedative-hypnotic medication use. Rather, sedative-hypnotic use declined in tandem with antipsychotic reduction, suggesting that increased attention to prescribing patterns led to more cautious use of other risky psychotropic medications. Discussion and implications Quality improvement initiatives to change entrenched but problematic clinical practices face many barriers to success, including provider-level inertia; perceptions that alternatives are not available; and family and staff resistance. Nevertheless, systemic change is possible through concerted, collaborative efforts that touch prescribing practices at multiple points; integrate educational and regulatory influences; activate local and state champions for improvement; foster reputational influences through public reporting and benchmarking; and support a social process of normalization of preferred care processes as a best practice that is in the interest of patients.
School climate and student-based contextual learning factors as predictors of school absenteeism severity at multiple levels via CHAID analysis

Abstract School absenteeism is an important target of prevention science frameworks within the context of contributing/risk factors and tier-based intervention strategies. Little research has been done with respect to how specific aspects of school climate, academic mindset, and social emotional learning relate to different levels of absenteeism severity. Ensemble analysis, and specifically chi-square adjusted interaction detection analysis, was conducted on a measure of these constructs across multiple levels of absenteeism severity (3+%, 5+%, 10+%, 15+%, 20+%) for 128,381 students (Mage = 13.98; SD = 2.48). Pathways revealed some school climate and academic mindset items to be unique at higher levels of absenteeism severity, though item homogeneity was noted regarding key split points. The latter included items related to turning in assignments on time, liking school, and safety concerns. The findings reveal the need to examine school climate in an integrated fashion with student-based contextual learning factors, may support a dimensional approach to conceptualizing school absenteeism, and may suggest demarcations for tier-based intervention strategies. The findings may also have implications for cohesive school-based initiatives for academics and behavior. Items generated from the present study could serve as targets for school climate intervention components to enhance curriculum-based skill development, teacher care and classroom structure for students, student decision-making, personalized sessions for certain students, and acceptable school grounds. Item-level analysis of school climate may also be preferable in some cases to school-average reports given absenteeism disparities among marginalized students.
Species transport analysis of noble metal fission product transport, deposition, and extraction in the molten salt reactor experiment

Abstract This work provides a general overview of the detailed reports of noble metal fission product behavior during the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) and applies a species mass transport analysis to replicate and explain the basic behavior of these fission products in molten salt systems. Specifically, the operational difference between the MSRE experimental runs which used 235U and 233U as the enriched fuel is described and analyzed in light of the different transport behavior of noble metals during these two very different sets of operational runs. The generation of a circulating helium bubble swarm during the MSRE is also analyzed and a helium bubble model is coupled with the noble metal mass transport analysis. This coupled model provides specific insight in how noble metal deposition on the helium bubble swarm affected the reactor behavior and the results are discussed in relation to the general findings of the MSRE.
Do Relationship- and Self-Oriented Deceptions Impact the Effect of Attitude Alignment on Attraction?

While individuals value honesty in relationships, disagreements can create discomfort and individuals tend to prefer partners who engage in attitude alignment (i.e., shift their attitude toward agr...
Contention-aware Adaptive Model Selection for Machine Vision in Embedded Systems

Real-time machine vision applications running on resource-constrained embedded systems face challenges for maintaining performance. An especially challenging scenario arises when multiple applications execute at the same time, creating contention for the computational resources of the system. This contention results in increase in inference delay of the machine vision applications which can be unacceptable for time-critical tasks. To address this challenge, we propose an adaptive model selection framework to mitigate the impact of system contention and prevent unexpected increase in inference delay by trading off the application accuracy minimally. The framework uses a set of hierarchical deep learning models for image classification. It predicts the inference delays of each model and selects the optimal model for each frame considering the system contention. Compared to a fixed individual model with similar accuracy, our framework improves the performance by significantly reducing the inference delay violations against a practical threshold. We implement our framework on Nvidia Jetson TX2 and show that our approach achieves a gain over the individual model by 27.6% reductions in delay violations.
Appendix B. Seasat Validation Program

Publisher Summary This appendix provides an overview of Seasat validation program. An initial and critical part of the Seasat proof-of-concept mission was a major NASA/NOAA field experiment in the Gulf of Alaska. The experiment was designed to collect in situ physical oceanographic and meteorological data for the verification and evaluation of Seasat sensor performance. The Gulf of Alaska Experiment was conducted during the period of August 28 to September 26, 1978, and was carried out from ships, aircraft, and buoys. The experiment was conducted under the control of a coordinator based at an experiment control center at the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), Seattle, Washington. Weather conditions during the experiment period, August 29–September 9, were characterized by generally good weather. The Gulf of Alaska Experiment consisted of three phases. A partial listing of in situ data taken from the OSS Oceanographer during phase 2 of the experiment is presented in the tables. The NOAA Data Buoys in operation in the Gulf of Alaska during August–September 1978 are shown. The total number of data sets collected from the ships and buoys during the GOASEX period are also listed.
Overexpression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in the median preoptic nucleus attenuates chronic angiotensin II hypertension in the rat (686.16)

The brain senses circulating levels of AngII via circumventricular organs such as the subfornical organ (SFO), and can adjust sympathetic nervous system output accordingly. Previous lesion studies of either the SFO or the downstream MnPO have shown a diminution of the hypertensive effects of chronic AngII, without providing a clear explanation as to the intracellular signaling pathway(s) involved. Additional studies have reported that overexpressing SOD1, an intracellular superoxide (O2•-) scavenging antioxidant enzyme, in the SFO attenuates chronic AngII-induced hypertension. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that overproduction of O2•- in the MnPO is an underlying mechanism in the long-term hypertensive effects of chronic AngII. Adenoviral vectors encoding human SOD1 (AdSOD1) or control vector (AdEmpty) were injected into the MnPO of rats implanted with aortic telemetric transmitters for recording of arterial pressure. After a 3 day control period of saline infusion, rats were intravenously infused with ...
Chymopapain: III. The inhibition of chymopapain by diisopropylphosphorofluoridate

Abstract The effect of DFP on the proteolytic activity of chymopapain was investigated. The enzyme was found to be consistently inhibited by DFP and the variables affecting the reaction between DFP and chymopapain were investigated. A stable diisopropylphosphoryl-chymopapain was obtained in a crystalline form and was found to contain one gram atom of phosphorus per mole of enzyme. Some of the properties of diisopropylphosphoryl-chymopapain are reported. It is concluded that chymopapain may be another enzyme containing serine at the active site.
Go with your gut: microbiota meet microglia

Discovering the environmental factors that control microglia is key to understanding and managing brain health. A new study finds that microbiota in the gut are essential for regulating microglia maturation and activation.
Action of heparin on mammalian nuclei. I. Differential extraction of histone H1 and cooperative removal of histones from chromatin.

Abstract Heparin interacts strongly with the histone component of chromatin, forming heparin-histone complexes which resist dissociation by 0.2 M H2SO4. Heparin treatment of unfractionated histones isolated from nuclei of Chinese hamster cells indicates that the affinities of the histone classes for heparin appear in the order from greatest to least: ( H 3, H 4) > ( H 2 A , H 2 B ) ⪢ H 1 . However, when isolated nuclei are treated with heparin, H1 is released from the chromatin more readily than the other four histone classes. The release of these four histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) is coordinate and occurs in a highly cooperative manner, as indicated by (1) dependence of the initial kinetics of histone removal upon heparin concentration, (2) analysis of DNA and histones in the fractions obtained from differential sedimentation of heparin-treated nuclei, and (3) analysis of the products from heparin-treated nuclei by equilibrium centrifugation in metrizamide density gradients. The results suggest rapid procedures for using heparin as an agent for studying the accessibility of histones in chromatin of intact nuclei. The relationship of these results to current models of chromatin structure is discussed.
Security Assessment Methodologies For U.S. Ports and Waterways

This article describes the challenges associated with protecting critical infrastructure within the US Maritime Domain and the use of risk assessments to prioritize maritime security efforts. Current methods for assessing maritime risk and applying these assessments in the conduct of maritime security operations are described and critiqued. Recommendations for continued improvement are offered. Keywords: US Maritime Domain; Maritime Transportation System; maritime security; critical infrastructure; risk; threat; vulnerability; consequence; terrorism
Vertical Integration Strategy

Vertical integration strategy is concerned with the vertical scope of the firm and involves decisions regarding which stages of the vertical chain should be outsourced and which should remain within the organizational boundaries of a firm. This is often referred to as the “make versus buy” decision. It also involves decisions on the type and formality of the vertical arrangements. The decision of whether or not to vertically integrate has been motivated by (i) physical (ii) strategic and (iii) efficiency based considerations. In case of certain production processes, technological interdependencies provide a straightforward motivation for vertical integration. Strategic motives, on the other hand, relate to gaining market power or neutralizing the power of existing and potential competitors. Efficiency motives consider the economies of scale and learning economies that can be achieved by the market firms. The balance between transactions costs involved in using the market versus the administrative costs associated with vertical integration is also considered. A significant feature of the current trend is the hybrid nature of many vertical relationships in the form of strategic alliances, partnerships, and joint ventures that seek to benefit both from the flexibility of market transactions and the reduced transactions cost of integration. Keywords: corporate strategy; efficiency considerations; make versus buy; transactions costs; vertical relationships
Realization and Multiple Realization, Chicken and Egg

A common view is that the truth of multiple realization—e.g., about psychological states—entails the truth of functionalism. This is supposed to follow because what is multiply realized is eo ipso realized. I argue that view is mistaken by demonstrating how it misrepresents arguments from multiple realization. In particular, it undermines the empirical component of the arguments, and renders the multiplicity of the realization irrelevant. I suggest an alternative reading of multiple realizability arguments, particularly in philosophy of psychology. And I explain the proper way to understand the relation between realization and multiple realization.
Indole Channeling by Tryptophan Synthase of Neurospora

Abstract Tryptophan synthase (l-serine hydro-lyase-adding indole) (EC 4.2.1.20) of Neurospora crassa was studied in reaction mixtures containing [2-14C]indoleglycerolphosphate and non-labeled indole. A detailed kinetic analysis of the passage of isotope from indoleglycerolphosphate to indole and to tryptophan during the synthesis of tryptophan revealed that: (a) indole disappears first and indoleglycerolphosphate is utilized after the indole concentration falls to barely detectable levels; (b) significant amounts of radioactivity appear in indole; and (c) the specific radioactivity of the tryptophan formed is much lower than that of indoleglycerolphosphate but 2- to 5-fold higher than that of indole depending inversely upon the initial indole concentration. The analyses of these observations are interpreted as evidence that indole is an enzyme-bound or "channeled" intermediate in the conversion of indoleglycerolphosphate to tryptophan. The enzyme was separated from reaction mixtures containing an equilibrium mixture of labeled indoleglycerolphosphate and labeled indole by passage of the mixtures through ultrafilters which retained material of molecular weights greater than 50,000. Radioactive indole was found exchangeably bound to the retained enzyme. From these results, it was estimated that 2 to 3 moles of indole were bound per mole of enzyme. The results are interpreted as evidence that the Neurospora enzyme fits well the conceptual framework of the "surface model" (Davis, R. H. (1967) in Organizational Biosynthesis (Vogel, H. J., Lampen, J. O., and Bryson, V., eds) pp. 303–322, Academic Press, New York) and that the enzyme may have evolved, as first suggested (Bonner, D. M., DeMoss, J. A., and Mills, S. E. (1965) in Evolving Genes and Proteins (Bryson, V., and Vogel, H. J., eds) pp. 305–318, Academic Press, New York), from a primitive multicomponent complex.
REACTIONS OF SPORES AND CELLS OF BACILLUS CEREUS WITH PYRIMIDINE RIBOSIDES

Lawrence, N. L. (University of Alabama, Birmingham) and Yun-Chuan Tsan. Reaction of spores and cells of Bacillus cereus with pyrimidine ribosides. J. Bacteriol. 83:228–233. 1962.—Cytidine deaminase and uridine ribosidase were essentially inactive in heat-resistant spores of Bacillus cereus T, but the activity increased as the spores germinated and proceeded to the vegetative form. The activity of germinated spores on cytidine was evident only after several hours lag, but then was nearly equal to that of vegetative cells. Cytosine deaminase was absent from all these preparations, but deoxycytidine was deaminated at nearly the same rate as cytidine. In the absence of added phosphate, cytidine was converted to uracil by intact vegetative cells more completely than was uridine.
Deficient cellular immunity in endometriosis

Abstract Cell-mediated autoimmune responses were studied by means of in vivo and in vitro techniques in five rhesus monkeys with spontaneous endometriosis. The results were compared with similar data obtained from five normal rhesus monkeys without endometriosis. The in vivo studies included intrademal injection of autologous antigens prepared from uterine endometrium, ectopic endometrium, or peritoneum, or injection of the mitogen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Skin biopsies were obtained at 48 hours and evaluated under the light microscope for perivascular lymphocytic infiltration. The mean number of lymphocytes per high-power field after injection of the autologous endometrial antigen was significantly smaller in animals affected by endometriosis than in the control group. There was no significant difference in lymphocytic response to autologous peritoneal antigens between the groups. Animals of both groups responded readily to PHA with marked perivascular lymphocytic infiltration. Lymphocyte stimulation responses to the same autologous antigens or to PHA were evaluated by means of in vitro assays and micro-methods. Lymphocyte stimulation response to autologous endometrial antigens in the group with endometriosis was significantly less than in the control group. There was no significant difference in response to the peritoneal antigens between the groups, and the response to PHA was marked in all animals of both groups. The results of this study indicate that rhesus monkeys with spontaneous endometriosis have an altered cellular immune response to autologous antigens. Although the animals were immunologically competent, as judged by responses to PHA, both in vivo and in vitro studies indicated a decrease in the cell-mediated immune response to autologous endometrial antigens. These data suggest that endometrial cells translocated from their normal location may implant only in women with specific alteration in cell-mediated immunity. New light is thus shed on the cause of endometriosis.
The solid state conversion reaction of epitaxial FeF2(110) thin films with lithium studied by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

The phase evolution and morphology of the solid state FeF2 conversion reaction with Li has been characterized using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS). An epitaxial FeF2(110) film was grown on a MgF2(110) single crystal substrate and exposed to atomic lithium in an ultra-high vacuum chamber. A series of ARXPS spectra was taken after each Li exposure to obtain depth resolved chemical state information. The Li–FeF2 reaction initially proceeded in a layer-by-layer fashion to a depth of ∼1.2 nm. Beyond this depth, the reaction front became non-planar, and regions of unreacted FeF2 were observed in the near-surface region. This reaction progression is consistent with molecular dynamics simulations. Additionally, the composition of the reacted layer was similar to that of electrochemically reacted FeF2 electrodes. An intermediary compound FexLi2−2xF2, attributed to iron substituted in the LiF lattice, has been identified using XPS. These measurements provide insight into the atomistics and phase evolution of high purity FeF2 conversion electrodes without contamination from electrolytes and binders, and the results partially explain the capacity losses observed in cycled FeF2 electrodes.
Fathers' trait verbal aggressiveness and argumentativeness as predictors of adult sons' perceptions of fathers' sarcasm, criticism, and verbal aggressiveness

This research used Infante's (1987) conceptualization of trait verbal aggressiveness and argumentativeness to analyze adult males’ perceptions of their fathers’ messages. In the present study, fathers’ self‐reports of verbal aggressiveness and argumentativeness were used to predict their adult sons’ reports of fathers’ sarcasm, criticism, and global verbal aggressiveness. Results of multivariate regression analyses indicated that (1) fathers’ argumentativeness accounted for a significant percentage of variance in the dependent variable set but did not contribute significantly to the univariate equations and (2) fathers’ verbal aggressiveness explained a significant percentage of the multivariance and contributed significantly to each univariate equation. Overall, the predictor set explained 39.32% of the variance in the dependent variable set. As predicted, the preponderance of the effect (30.05%) was due to fathers’ verbal aggressiveness. Implications are discussed.
A transformation for testing the fit of an exponential order statistics model

Abstract The exponential model of Jelinski and Moranda (1972) is one of the earliest models proposed for predicting software reliability. A test of fit procedure, based on the conditional probability integral transformation of O'Reilly and Quesenberry (1973), is proposed in which a set of ordered failure times can be transformed to a vector of independent random variables that are uniformly distributed on the interval (0,1 ). The new variates are shown, through simulation, to have distinctly nonuniform distributions under an alternative family of models. Applications to censored and truncated sampling as well as to other related models are discussed.
Antecedents to Stigma: Factors That Diminish IT Value

This research presents a technology stigma framework by using the lens of stigma and stereotypes to explore the possible relationships between negative labels, stereotypes, and stigma on IT professionals. The primary focus of this study was to conduct and analyze interviews with IT professionals to explore and identify the antecedents to stigma. The differences between IT professionals and users as well as IT professionals and peers are explicated and identified to illustrate the occurrence of stereotyping among and between the various groups.
ON THE COLLECTION OF THE ENTIRE EXTERNAL SECRETION OF THE PANCREAS UNDER STERILE CONDITIONS AND THE FATAL EFFECT OF TOTAL LOSS OF PANCREATIC JUICE

It has been possible by appropriate intubation of the main pancreatic duct of the dog to collect the total external secretion of the pancreas under sterile conditions. When all of the secretion is thus collected exitus occurs in a characteristic way in about a week with anorexia, gastric irritability, vomiting and asthenia. The significance of this finding has been briefly discussed. A method is also described for the "altercursive" intubation of the pancreas whereby the secretion may be collected or allowed to flow back to the duodenum at will.
Initial Drop Size and Velocity Distributions for Airblast Coaxial Atomizers

Phase Doppler measurements were used to determine initial drop size and velocity distributions after a complete disintegration of coaxial liquid jets. The Sauter mean diameter (SMD) distribution was found to be strongly affected by the structure and behavior of the preceding liquid intact jet. The axial measurement stations were determined from the photographs of the coaxial liquid jet at very short distances (1-2 mm) downstream of the observed break-up locations. Minimum droplet mean velocities were found at the center, and maximum velocities were near the spray boundary. Size-velocity correlations show that the velocity of larger drops did not change with drop size. Drop rms velocity distributions have double peaks whose radial positions coincide with the maximum mean velocity gradients.
Wall effects in critical systems: Scaling in Ising model strips

A scaling theory and a related conjecture presented recently by de Gennes and Fisher to predict the effects of walls inserted in two near-critical binary fluid mixtures, are checked theoretically by exact analytic calculations for $n\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\ensuremath{\infty}$, two-dimensional Ising model strips with a surface field, ${h}_{1}$, imposed on the first layer; exact calculations with a second surface field, ${h}_{n}$, imposed on the nth layer are also reported. It is verified, in particular, that the effects on properties observed close to one wall of a second wall at distance $D$ decay, at the critical point, as $\frac{1}{{D}^{d}}$, where $d$ is the spatial dimensionality. In addition to the scaling limits, the leading corrections are calculated explicitly and presented graphically.
A comparison of the reliability and validity of the standard MFF and MFF20 with learning-disabled children

A direct comparison was made of the reliability and validity of the standard Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFF) to a recent longer version of the task (MFF20). Subjects comprised two samples of learning-disabled children, matched on age, sex, IQ, and SES. The Salkind and Wright (1977) formulation was used to generate continuous data, and IQ was statistically controlled. Internal reliability estimates showed the MFF20 to be more consistent that the standard version on both error and latency scores. Validity was addressed by comparing the two versions of the task in their ability to predict cognitive and behavioral skills of conceptual relevance to impulsivity. Results indicated that the MFF20 is a more sensitive predictor of academic achievement and attention as observed in a natural setting than is the standard version of the task.
Binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa: differences in the quality and quantity of binge eating episodes.

Objective This study sought to examine the differences in the quantity and quality of binges between binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa. Method Patients (N = 77) seeking treatment for eating disorders were assessed on binge content. Results Results suggest no differences in binge quantity with BED and bulimia, but there were differences in the binge quality. The binges of bulimics were higher in carbohydrates and sugar than those with BED. Discussion The higher levels of obesity of our BED individuals may account for the lack of differences between those with bulimia and BED. The importance of increasing our knowledge of the continuum of weight and binging is discussed. © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 27: 238–243, 2000.
Non-etching optical detection of fission tracks using Teflon

THE detection of tracks in material irradiated by charged particles, has been accomplished using electron microscopy1 and etching followed by optical microscopy2–6. We have attempted to detect unetched tracks using optical microscopy. Presumably, unetched tracks retain more information about the radiation than is retained after etching.