cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is the Neotropical Flora Ready for the PhyloCode

Nomenclatural systems are structured around classification, and together they enable increasingly informed communication about biological diversity. Challengers of Linnaean classification and nomenclature have proposed the PhyloCode, a new set of rules that would govern the way systematists classify and name the diversity of life. Monographs and floras are two fundamental vehicles for communicating information about plant diversity. These works provide a comprehensive foundation of botanical research upon which other scientific studies are based. Information conveyed by monographs and floras is utilized directly or indirectly both within and outside the scientific arena by a wide range of consumers, such as educators, agronomists, ecologists, conservationists, amateur naturalists, and even lawmakers, to name a few. Both classification and nomenclature are essential to the process of synthesis that leads to monographic and floristic treatments and the communication that they facilitate. Conversion to a new system would have far-reaching consequences for the flow of information from systematics to other scientific disciplines, and to society. The purposes of this article are to address the proposed conversion from the perspective of monographic and floristic research focused on Neotropical plant diversity and to point out some difficulties in applying the PhyloCode to the Neotropical flora. Although we welcome improvements in the current nomenclatural system, we conclude that the PhyloCode is not prepared to replace the Linnaean system as a new way to communicate information about Neotropical plant diversity.
Characterization of two environmental bacterial isolates by 16S rRNA sequence analysis, fatty acid methyl ester analysis, and scanning electron microscopy

Abstract We used 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis, fatty acid methyl ester analysis, and scanning electron microscopy to partially characterize two apparently unique bacteria isolated from the environment. Light microscopy revealed that the first organism was a Gram-positive spore-forming bacillus, while the second organism was Gram-negative. The second organism was determined to have a bacillus morphology based on the images obtained from scanning electron microscopy. The 16S rRNA sequence and fatty acid methyl ester analyses demonstrated that both organisms could be previously undescribed species within known genera. The Gram-positive organism was shown to be a close relative of Brevibacillus laterosporus; the Gram-negative organism was shown to be closely related to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Scanning electron microscopy also was used to determine the fine details of cellular morphology of both isolates.
Epidemiology of Progressive Neurological Disease

Since 1997, researchers in the UK have searched for variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob and other diseases that cause progressive intellectual and neurological deterioration (PIND) by sending a monthly surveillance card to UK pediatricians.
Modern American Rock Climbing: Some Aspects of Social Change

Modern American rock climbing is characterized by (1) a motivation or reward structure that encourages the continual creation of new climbs, and (2) a finite and exhaustible medium in which to create them. These two characteristics provide a theoretical explanation for the pattern of deliberate normative change observed in climbing. The theory can be modeled by a simple differential equation, which is shown to be generally consistent with time series data for a number of American climbing areas. On the basis of the theory, predictions about future normative changes are suggested. It is possible that the theory may be generalized to other social activities sharing the two characteristics mentioned above, such as science.
Managed GridFTP

GridFTP extends the standard FTP protocol to provide a high-performance, secure, reliable data transfer protocol optimized for high-bandwidth wide-area networks. The Globus GridFTP implementation has become the preeminent high-performance data transfer tool for the Grid community. Its modular architecture enables a standard GridFTP-compliant client access to any storage system that can implement its data storage interface, including the HPSS archival storage system, SRB, the GPFS parallel file system, and POSIX file systems. Its extensible I/O interface allows GridFTP to target high-performance wide-area communication protocols such as UDT, FAST TCP, and RBUDP. The Globus GridFTP server implementation already implements the concept of "striping," where multiple data movers are aggregated as one logical resource. However, there exists no mechanism in GridFTP to manage the use of server resources by the clients. When many transfer sessions occur simultaneously, the GridFTP server can overwhelm the transfer host and/or the underlying storage system. Moreover, there is no flexibility in the management of data movers in striped configuration. The data movers must be statically configured, and they cannot come and go dynamically. In this paper, we present a framework to manage the GridFTP resources efficiently so as to avoid overburdening host resources, prevent client starvation, and enable dynamic addition or removal of data movers.
Thermo-Induced Phase Transitions and Regulation of Permeability of Biomimetic Membranes

For many years membrane science was essentially subdivided into two major fields: artificial membranes used mainly in separation/purification technology and biological membranes. During the last ten years however it has become evident that artificial biofunctional and biomimetic membranes, containing immobilized biological components and/or are created on the basis of principles of native biomembranes1,2 can have very similar properties. This provides an excellent avenue to use the properties of biomembranes to develop more effective artificial membranes for separation/purification technology and to use artificial membranes to elucidate the structure and function of native membranes.
Systemic resistance to the antilipolytic effect of insulin in black and white women with visceral obesity.

This study was designed to determine the role of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation in systemic fat metabolism and to compare this in black and white women who differ in their manifestation...
Effects and Mechanism of Resveratrol on Body weight and Adipose Tissue Distribution of KKAy Mice

Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of resveratrol on the body weight and adipose tissue distribution of KKAy mice.Methods:Totally 36 8-week-old KKAy mice were randomly divided into 3 groups,and fed a standard AIN93G diet or a standard AIN93G diet supplemented with resveratrol at the dose of 2 or 4 g/kg.A total of 12 C57BL/6J mice fed the standard diet were chosen as the control.The body weight,subcutaneous fat and epididymal fat of the mice were measured.The expression of silent information regulator(sirt-1),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α(C/EBPα) in the adipose tissue of rats were evaluated by Western blot.Results:Resveratrol could reduce the body weight of KKAy mice without dependence on food intake.Body weight and adipose tissue weight was much lower mice in the high-dose group when compared with the model group.In addition,resveratrol also enhanced the expression level of sirt-1 and inhibited the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα in the adipose tissue of mice.Conclusion:Resveratol can ameliorate body adiposity in mice due to its promoting effect on the expression of sirt-1 in the adipose tissue and suppressive function on the expression of proteins related to lipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation.
The Holocaust II – Civil Laws Undermining Criminal Justice System

The current criminal justice system and civil laws are allowing the mass incarceration of many men, especially black for crimes beyond their control. Poverty is now a crime and even the children are not safe. The right to a fair trial is no longer an option. Today's courts only deal with crime and punishment ; truth is no longer required and no one is innocent. Attachment is no longer an right, you must make a deal with the DA before your Public Defender will give you an audience. Private Prison are gaining momentum, and courts are their marketing tools because of abuse of by insider criminal and civil justice officials. Some are even filling their pockets with millions in the mist. Most think that this is a conspiracy theory, but these facts mirror the beginning of the Holocaust and why millions died in mass graves, before the global community became outraged and did something about it. However, they were almost too late because millions died. Today, one superior court statistics showed that there were 159,000 criminal convictions and 300, 000 civil convictions in one county. Why are so many going to jail for civil penalties? It is because of tactical decisions to enslave through entrapment and unemployment against poor blacks who can’t pay. This is a human rights crisis where the defendant’s only crime is being poor and caught in legalized slavery in a vicious cycle of hate. See my paper "A cross to bear", this is no longer a conspiracy theory.
Aberrant Epididymal Tissue: A Significant Clinical Entity

Epididymal anomalies are relatively rare and usually they are associated with an undescended testis. A 33 to 66 per cent incidence of epididymal anomalies has been noted in male subjects with cryptorchidism. An increased incidence of epididymal anomalies also has been noted in association with cystic fibrosis, von Hippel-Lindau's syndrome and in male offspring of women treated with diethylstilbestrol. The frequency and anatomical spectrum of epididymal anomalies among men with normal descended testes are not known. We describe 3 patients with bilaterally descended testes, who were found to have aberrant epididymal tissue at scrotal or inguinal exploration. The variable presentations of aberrant epididymal tissue in these 3 patients can be explained best by understanding the embryology and anatomy of the epididymis and its associated vestigial structures. In all likelihood the structures encountered in our patients were the ductus aberrans inferior and the paradidymis. These structures, which rarely are included in urological anatomical descriptions of the epididymis, can be significant clinically. Therefore, it is important that the urologist be aware of their existence and their means of presentation.
Nonstationary source separation for underdetermined speech mixtures

We propose a multichannel source separation method for underdetermined mixtures of nonstationary signals, such as speech. Like other underdetermined algorithms, our method relies on the time-frequency sparsity of speech. However, our interference model allows more than one source to be active at the same time and frequency, providing better separation performance for mixtures of many sources. The system consists of several beamformers designed for different combinations of interference sources. A decision rule selects the beamformer that best suppresses the active interferers at each time-frequency point. Experiments on both simulated and real mixtures show improved interference suppression compared to conventional beamformers.
Susceptibility of Weedy Hosts from Pacific Northwest Potato Production Systems to Crop-Aggressive Isolates of Verticillium dahliae

Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a disease of dicotyledonous crops such as potato and has a wide host range and persistent, long-term survival structures called microsclerotia that can persist in soil for up to 14 years. Some V. dahliae isolates are particularly aggressive on a specific plant host while retaining the ability to infect a wide range of other hosts. Weeds can serve as hosts for V. dahliae but whether they serve as sources of inoculum for aggressive isolates of V. dahliae to crop hosts is unknown. The goal of this research was to quantify V. dahliae microsclerotia obtained from 16 weeds which were grown in the greenhouse. Potting medium was infested with one of eight V. dahliae isolates from potato, mint, sugar beet, sunflower, tomato, and watermelon. The isolates from mint and potato were aggressive on the host from which they were originally isolated. All 16 weeds were infected by at least one V. dahliae isolate, although the number of microsclerotia produced from some infections was relatively low (≤5 microsclerotia/g of dry plant). Black nightshade yielded greater numbers of microsclerotia of the V. dahliae potato isolate than any other isolate in three of four trials in the greenhouse (second trial false discovery rate, adjusted P ≤ 0.0158; third trial, P ≤ 0.0264; and fourth trial, P ≤ 0.0193). Litchi tomato yielded greater numbers of microsclerotia of the V. dahliae potato isolate than any other isolate in one of four trials (first trial, P ≤ 0.0149). A V. dahliae isolate from tomato yielded greater numbers of microsclerotia in large crabgrass and wild oat in a second trial (P ≤ 0.0158). Weeds, depending on the species, grown during and between potato crop rotations may increase the number of microsclerotia of the potato-aggressive isolates of V. dahliae.
Coordinated Model Predictive Control of Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine and Power System

Motivated by the growing need to accommodate large transient thrust and electrical load requests in future more-electric aircraft, a coordinated control strategy for a gas turbine engine, generator...
Terrorism: A Consequence of Poverty?

Exploring the possible link between both poverty and terrorism may have some importance and may also provide grounds of tackling said issues concurrently. This paper looks to discover if poverty acts as a cause of terrorism if it is simply just a conducive element for breeding terrorists or perhaps merely just a contributor to an already persistent problem at hand. Finding out the exact existing relationship between both elements may prove troublesome, however, I orient myself on detailed evidence put forth by legible scholars to assess my hypothesis. I find that there is a lack of arguments against the notion that poverty catalyzes interest in joining terrorist groups and activities. Several researchers, (Enders & Hoover 2012; Kavanagh 2011; Nasir et. al 2011), as cited in this paper have shown that poverty plays a role, indirect or direct in terrorism persistence.
Stochastic Analysis in Infinite Dimensions

This chapter contains somewhat abstract but necessary, material on functional analysis and stochastic calculus. To save time, one can move on to the following chapters and come back as necessary.
Enteral Nutrition Practices in Critically Ill Children Requiring Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation.

Objectives:Evaluate the practice of providing enteral nutrition in critically ill children requiring noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:PICU within a quaternary care children’s hospital.Patients:PICU patients older than 30 days requiring noninvasive p
“All the same thing”: liberating reproductive politics for a mediated “gay community”

Analyzing the logic by which the Boston-based, national newspaper, the Gay Community News (GCN), intervened in mid-1980s battles over abortion and foster-parenting, this case study confirms and com...
Determining the Effectiveness of Three-Gene Pyramids Against Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Biotypes

Since the discovery of Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the United States, the primary management tactic has been foliar insecticides. Alternative management options such as host plant resistance to A. glycines have been developed and their effectiveness proved. However, the use of host plant resistance was complicated by the discovery of multiple, virulent biotypes of A. glycines in the United States that are capable of overcoming single Rag genes, Rag1 and Rag2, as well as a two-gene pyramid of Rag1+Rag2. However, current models predict that the virulent allele frequency of A. glycines decreases in response to the use of pyramided Rag genes, suggesting that pyramids represent a more sustainable use of these traits. Previous research has demonstrated that virulent biotypes can be effectively managed using a three-gene pyramid of Rag1+Rag2+Rag3. Additional Rag-genes have been discovered (Rag4 and Rag5), but whether the incorporation of these genes into novel three-gene pyramids will improve efficacy is not known. We tested single-gene (Rag1 and Rag2) and pyramid cultivars (Rag1+Rag2, Rag1+Rag2+Rag3, Rag1+Rag2+Rag4) to multiple biotypes in laboratory assays. Our results confirm that the Rag1+Rag2+Rag3 pyramid effectively manages all known A. glycines biotypes when compared with cultivars that are overcome by the associated biotype. Our results indicate that Rag1+Rag2+Rag4 would be an effective management option for biotype-1, biotype-2, and biotype-3 A. glycines, but had a negligible impact on biotype-4.
Making Roads Safer by Making Drivers Better

The world's roads see over 50 million injuries and 1.25 million fatalities every year; road accidents are the leading cause of death among people between the ages of 15 to 30. This talk will describe how mobile sensing (especially using smartphones), signal processing, machine learning, and behavioral science can improve road safety by making people better drivers. I'll discuss several challenges in achieving this goal, as well as learnings from successful deployments in multiple countries. Interesting problems include inferring vehicular dynamics from noisy sensor data; accurate drive detection; detecting and discouraging distracted driving; designing good incentives for safe-driving; and the design of new sensing platforms to augment smartphone sensors.
ECONOMICS OF PAIR PROGRAMMING REVISITED

This study aimed to answer two research questions. First, is pair programming more cost effective than solo programming in all situations? Second, in what situations is pair programming more cost effective than solo programming? We adopted and extended economic models specified by prior researchers. We examined two different scenarios and conducted simulations where we varied across a wide range of possible values. A couple of conclusions were drawn from the study. First, across the ranges of parameters studied, pair programming is more economically feasible in only a limited number of instances. Second, in order to achieve the economic benefit, pair programming either needs to have advantages in all of three areas (speed, defect, defect removing) or have substantial advantages in two areas if one area is roughly equivalent to solo programming. To address the second research questions, we identified specific parameter ranges for situations where a) pair programming is more economical, b) solo programming is more economical, and c) the two programming methods are equivalent.
Who is the Teacher? Testimony, Uniqueness, and Responsibility

Lorraine Code’s essay is a richly textured project of transforming the epistemology that informs western thought and practice. I am not going to offer a standard critique, for I agree with too much of her essay to offer substantive criticism. Neither am I going to merely apply Code’s theory, a duality that she herself calls into question. Instead, I am going to think with some of her ideas in a particular epistemic location, the teacher. Thinking with, a phrase I learned from Gert Biesta, is a process of resituating, perhaps transforming, and likely transgressing. I thus am tempted to ask for forgiveness in advance.
Can Overuse of Kambô Cause Psychosis

Kambo is an emerging ritual, which involves the application of the toxin produced by Phyllomedusa bicolor to a freshly burnt area to heal chronic diseases of the mind and body. Due to the widespread use of kambo, more cases of symptomatic health conditions are being discovered. In this case study, we report a patient with psychosis potentially due to the kambo ritual.
Imaging of Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Imaging of soft tissue sarcomas is critically important in the management of these patients. Whether CT scanning or MR imaging is the best test remains controversial; studies to support either modality exist and are reviewed. An integrated approach using clinical algorithms and radiologic studies to preoperatively stage and follow these patients seems to provide optimal care.
Integrating women into the curriculum: Multiple motives and mixed emotions

In the past two decades, women’s studies faculty pursued two directions: one promoted the creation, organization and growth of women’s studies programs and departments; the other fostered curriculum integration, i.e., efforts to include material on women in already existing courses and disciplines. Some campuses have concentrated on one of these directions while others have followed both. The Women’s Studies program at the University of Arizona is a leader on both fronts. This essay will analyze what factors led us to begin our extensive curriculum integration projects, what the outcomes were for students and faculty involved, and what have been the costs and consequences in terms of the Women’s Studies program.
5-HT Receptor-Associated Proteins (FRAPs)

Dysfunction in the serotonergic system contributes to the etiology and pathophysiology of a variety of neuropsychiatric and systemic disorders, and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) receptors as a group represent important therapeutic targets for many of these debilitating diseases. Encompassing a diverse group of proteins that interact with 5-HT receptors, 5-HT receptor-associated proteins (FRAPs) coordinate receptor targeting to the appropriate subcellular compartments, organization of networks of signaling and structural proteins (known as receptosomes), and calibration of receptor-mediated signal transduction, including desensitization, resensitization, and crosstalk with other signaling pathways. The study of FRAPs opens a decidedly wide arena for novel pharmaceutical research approaches. We will provide an overview of the burgeoning field of FRAPs, with a focus on their role in modulating signal transduction.
Clothing and Adornment: Social Psychology Perspectives

Taking a psychological perspective, researchers have studied the effects of clothing and adornment cues on social perception. An extension of that research shows that clothing and adornment cues also affect the behavior of observers. From a sociological perspective, researchers have studied the self, identity, and socialization and their relationships to clothing and adornment cues. This article introduces several theories that have guided this research.
Surveying Attitudes in Russia: a Representation of Formlessness

Western study of Russian politics has made a remarkable transformation. From a formerly information-constrained research environment, often more informed by educated speculation than by hard empirical data, the field is now brimming with opportunity for in-country research. One trend among Western scholars has been the examination of political culture through the use of quantitative survey methods. Many contemporary researchers have sought to test cultural continuity theories with Western concepts of political culture development. Unfortunately, the findings of this research have been mixed, often contradictory, and inconsistent. As new research should begin after examining what has gone before, this chapter presents a review of Western survey research results in Russia.1
Impact of biotechnology in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of cardiovascular disorders.

Biotechnology has already exerted a major impact in the management of cardiovascular disorders by providing such drugs as tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), urokinase, platelet targeting antibodies, recombinant anticoagulant agents such as hirudin and various modulatory proteins. On the diagnostic front, biotechnology has provided newer, more sensitive methods to detect minute changes in blood for the proper diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disorders. Several major breakthroughs in both the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disorders have recently occurred. The measurement of troponin T and I in circulating blood provides a reliable measure of myocardial damage. Other analytes have also been identified for the rapid diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders. Such agents as tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), protein and antithrombin III have been developed and may prove to be useful in the management of antithrombotic disorders. Although the use of transgenic animals is still at experimental stages, the initial findings are promising and will provide important leads into the development of therapeutic proteins. Through biotechnology, recombinant inhibitors of fibrinolysis have also been developed and may be useful in the management of bleeding disorders. Nucleic acid derived drugs have been used for sometime. Several newer nucleic acid derivatives have been recently developed. An important consideration in the use of biotechnology derived drugs is the availability of a US Pharmacopoeial monograph on specific drugs. The subject of providing a monograph on biotechnology derived drugs is now being dealt with by the USP. Several other considerations in the development, clinical applications and the results of clinical trials on new biotechnology derived drugs are being addressed at this time. It is hoped that the impact of biotechnology on the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disorders will result in a significant change in the management of these disorders.
Compensatory increases of select proteostasis networks after Hsp70 inhibition in cancer cells

Cancer cells thrive when challenged with proteotoxic stress by inducing components of the protein folding, proteasome, autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. Consequently, specific molecular chaperones have been validated as targets for anti-cancer therapies. For example, inhibition of Hsp70 family proteins (hereafter Hsp70) in rhabdomyosarcoma triggers UPR induction and apoptosis. To define how these cancer cells respond to compromised proteostasis, we compared rhabdomyosarcoma cells that were sensitive (RMS13) or resistant (RMS13-R) to the Hsp70 inhibitor MAL3-101. We discovered that endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) and autophagy were activated in RMS13-R cells, suggesting that resistant cells overcome Hsp70 ablation by increasing misfolded protein degradation. Indeed, RMS13-R cells degraded ERAD substrates more rapidly than RMS cells and induced the autophagy pathway. Surprisingly, inhibition of the proteasome or ERAD had no effect on RMS13-R cell survival, but silencing of select autophagy components or treatment with autophagy inhibitors restored MAL3-101 sensitivity and led to apoptosis. These data indicate a route through which cancer cells overcome a chaperone-based therapy, define how cells can adapt to Hsp70 inhibition, and demonstrate the value of combined chaperone and autophagy-based therapies.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
DEFOR: Depth- and frequency-based somatic copy number alteration detector

Motivation Detection of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) using high-throughput sequencing has become popular because of rapid developments in sequencing technology. Existing methods do not perform well in calling SCNAs for the unstable tumor genomes. Results We developed a new method, DEFOR, to detect SCNAs in tumor samples from exome-sequencing data. The evaluation showed that DEFOR has a higher accuracy for SCNA detection from exome sequencing compared with the five existing tools. This advantage is especially apparent in unstable tumor genomes with a large proportion of SCNAs. Availability and implementation DEFOR is available at https://github.com/drzh/defor. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Conserving living natural resources in the context of a changing world

Preface Introduction: balance and flux Methodology: getting the information we need to manage living natural resources Part I. Management to Maximize Production of Featured Species - A Utilitarian Approach to Conservation: 1. Historical context - the commodification of resources and the foundations of utilitarian resource management 2. Central concepts - population growth and interactions between populations 3. Central concepts - habitats 4. Techniques - harvest management 5. Techniques - habitat management 6. Techniques - management to minimize conflicts between pest species and people Part II. Protection and Restoration of Populations and Habitats - A Preservationist Approach to Conservation: 7. Historical context - the rise of environmental concerns after World War II 8. Central concepts - the causes of extinction 9. Techniques - protecting and restoring species 10. Techniques - protecting and restoring ecosystems Part III. Management to Maintain Processes and Structures - A Sustainable-Ecosystem Approach to Conservation: 11. Historical context - pressures to move beyond protection of species and reserves 12. Central concepts - the flux of nature 13. Techniques - conserving processes and contexts 14. Techniques - including people in the conservation process Postscript Appendix: scientific names of organisms mentioned in the text Index.
An Odd Case of Melena: Chronic Celiac Artery Dissection and Hepatic Arterioduodenal Fistula

We present the case of a 54-year-old chronic alcoholic man who presented to the emergency department with intermittent melena for 3 days. Imaging revealed a large dissecting pseudoaneurysm of the common hepatic artery with an arterioduodenal fistula in the second part of the duodenum. The pseudoaneurysm and fistula were managed with refined interventional techniques, and supply to the hepatic arteries was salvaged. In cases of melena that are difficult to diagnose through traditional means, early imaging and interventional management can prove beneficial and improve short-term survival.
Non-Opioid Neurotransmitter Systems that Contribute to the Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome: A Review of Preclinical and Human Evidence

Opioid misuse and abuse is a major international public health issue. Opioid use disorder (OUD) is largely maintained by a desire to suppress aversive opioid withdrawal symptoms. Opioid withdrawal in patients seeking abstinence from illicit or prescribed opioids is often managed by provision of a μ-opioid agonist/partial agonist in combination with concomitant medications. Concomitant medications are administered based on their ability to treat specific symptoms rather than a mechanistic understanding of the opioid withdrawal syndrome; however, their use has not been statistically associated with improved treatment outcomes. Understanding the central and/or peripheral mechanisms that underlie individual withdrawal symptom expression in humans will help promote medication development for opioid withdrawal management. To support focused examination of mechanistically supported concomitant medications, this review summarizes evidence from preclinical (N = 68) and human (N = 30) studies that administered drugs acting on the dopamine, serotonin, cannabinoid, orexin/hypocretin, and glutamate systems and reported outcomes related to opioid withdrawal. These studies provide evidence that each of these systems contribute to opioid withdrawal severity. The Food and Drug Administration has approved medications acting on these respective systems for other indications and research in this area could support the repurposing of these medications to enhance opioid withdrawal treatment. These data support a focused examination of mechanistically informed concomitant medications to help reduce opioid withdrawal severity and enhance the continuum of care available for persons with OUD.
Temperature effects on structure: Five-coordinate (nitrosyl)(tetratolylporphinato)iron(II)

We have prepared crystals of [Fe(TTP)(NO)] (TTP = tetratolylporphyrin), a five-coordinate nitrosyl complex and determined its crystal and molecular structure at two temperatures. The crystal struct...
Can we predict failure of percutaneous fixation of femoral neck fractures

Abstract Purpose This study evaluated a series of geriatric femoral neck fracture treated with closed reduction percutaneous pinning (CRPP) at a single level-1 trauma center to determine if there are any simple, reliable, radiographic characteristics that can be used to predict increased risk of post-operative failure in nondisplaced and valgus impacted fracture patterns. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients with femoral neck fractures (AO/OTA 31B) who underwent CRPP over a 12-year period at a single Level 1 trauma center. Failure was defined as radiographic failure within the first year after the index operation requiring revision surgery. Common patterns identified on initial review were the presence of a visible medial transcervical line (MTL) felt to indicate a tension-sided failure, a straight inferior calcar (SIC) indicating severe valgus impaction, and quality of intra-operative screw positioning. X-rays of patients were then reviewed for these characteristics in a blinded manner by three different trauma-fellowship trained orthopedic surgeons. Inter-rater reliability was calculated using Fleiss’ Kappa Coefficient. Comparisons of failure rates between groups were made using a Fisher's Exact test. Results 139 patients who underwent CRPP for a femoral neck fracture and follow-up for at least 90 days were identified and reviewed. There were a total of 19 failures (13.6%) within one year. The patients with a varus fracture had a failure rate of 9/24 (37.5%). Of the valgus/nondisplaced fractures, MTL was identified in 42/115 (36%) patients. Inter-rater agreement was high for the presence of an MTL (84%, Kappa 0.69). Patients with an MTL had a fourfold increase in risk of failure (7/42=17% with an MTL vs. 3/73=4% without, p 0.03). The presence of a SIC and quality of screw placement were not predictive of failure. Conclusion Varus femoral neck fractures fixed with CRPP have a high rate of failure (37.5%). Nondisplaced or valgus impacted fractures with the presence of a visible medial transcervical line on pre-operative radiographic imaging resulted in a fourfold increase in the risk of failure after CRPP. Identification of the MTL will help treating surgeons better council patients when making pre-operative decisions between arthroplasty and CRPP.
Musculoskeletal Therapies: Adjunctive Physical Therapy

Physical therapy (PT) modalities are a diverse group of treatments for musculoskeletal pain. Iontophoresis, phonophoresis, kinesiology taping, laser therapy, and myofascial release are some of the most commonly used and are best considered as adjuncts to exercise. Each modality is relatively safe, but none is supported by high-quality evidence in the management of most musculoskeletal conditions. Individual patient response to such modalities is variable. Neither iontophoresis nor phonophoresis has been shown to have greater benefits for neck or back pain than supervised PT. However, use of phonophoresis has been shown to result in a small improvement when added to therapeutic exercise. Kinesiology taping improves symptoms for patients with plantar fascia pain, pes anserine bursitis, and low back pain (LBP). Laser therapy has shown small benefit in chronic LBP and shoulder disorders including adhesive capsulitis, calcific tendinitis and rotator cuff tendinopathies. Myofascial release, has been found to improve symptoms of neck pain. These modalities should never replace active PT, but their use should not be discouraged as part of a comprehensive program. A concern is cost because many health insurance companies consider these therapies to be medically unnecessary or experimental.
The Development, Reliability, and Validity of the Social Impact of Repetitive Behavior Scale in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Introduction: Current measures of restrictive and repetitive behavior (RRB) in people with autism focus on severity and intensity and, to some degree, the global interference of the behavior. In th...
Human-like and system-like trust in the sharing economy: The role of context and humanness

Abstract When using technological platforms embedded in the sharing economy individuals tend to trust the platform's human-like technological features more than its system-like features. In this paper, we investigate this idea by drawing on concepts from the distributed trust model, social cognitive theory, and affordance theory to compare the effects of human-like trusting beliefs and system-like trusting beliefs on four outcome variables—enjoyment, usefulness, trusting intention, and continuance intention—in two different contexts: Airbnb and “traditional” online travel booking websites (e.g., Expedia.com). The results suggest that in the context of Airbnb, human-like trusting beliefs have a greater effect on usefulness, enjoyment, trusting intention, and continuance intention than do system-like trust. In the context of traditional online travel booking websites, the results show that human-like and system-like trusting beliefs are at least of equal importance and specifically that the human-like trusting beliefs have a greater impact on perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment, while system-like trusting beliefs have a greater effect on trusting intention and continuance intention. We also compare the effects of human-like and system-like trusting beliefs between contexts. Implications for research and managerial considerations are also discussed.
Detection and Prevalence of Listeria in U.S. Produce Packinghouses and Fresh-Cut Facilities

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes (LM) contamination of produce can often be traced back to the environment of packinghouses and fresh-cut facilities. Because there is limited information on the detection, prevalence, and distribution of this pathogen in produce operations, environmental "routine sampling" plans for LM and other Listeria spp. were developed and implemented in three packinghouses and five fresh-cut facilities in the United States. For routine sampling, a total of 2,014 sponge samples were collected over six to eight separate samplings per operation, performed over 1 year; vector and preproduction samples (n = 156) were also collected as needed to follow up on positive findings. In addition, a single "validation sampling" visit by an outside expert was used to evaluate the routine sampling. Among the 2,014 routine sponge samples collected, 35 and 30 were positive for LM and Listeria species other than LM (LS), respectively. LM prevalence varied from 0.8 to 5.8% for packinghouses and <0.4 to 1.6% for fresh-cut facilities. Among the 394 validation sponge samples, 23 and 13 were positive for LM and LS, respectively. Validation sampling found statistically significantly higher LM prevalence compared with routine sampling for three of eight operations. For all samples collected, up to eight isolates per sample were characterized by sequencing of sigB, which allowed for classification into sigB allelic types. Among the 97 samples with more than one Listeria isolate characterized, 28 had more than one sigB allelic type present, including 18 sponges that were positive for LM and another Listeria species and 13 sponges that were positive for more than one LM subtype. This indicates that collection of multiple isolates is necessary to capture Listeria diversity present in produce operations. Additionally, 17 of 77 sponges that were positive for LM were positive at only one enrichment time (i.e., 24 or 48 h), indicating that LM testing after two different enrichment times provides enhanced sensitivity. HIGHLIGHTS
Dispersive K L → μ + μ − contributions, neutral-kaon mixing, and mass of the top quark

We estimate the K/sub L/..-->..2..mu.. weak amplitude from data, by relating the dispersive K/sub L/..-->..2..gamma -->..2..mu.. amplitude to that of eta..-->..2..mu... Allowed bands of mixing angles THETA/sub 2/, THETA/sub 3/ are determined from this weak amplitude. The bands overlap those from analyses of K/sup 0/-K-bar/sup 0/ mixing, with rather loose constraints on the t-quark mass which depends sensitively on the bag factor B. For B = 0.4, m/sub t/ is likely to be less than 75 GeV.
Associations between Maternal Reflective Functioning, Parenting Beliefs, Nurturing, and Preschoolers’ Emotion Understanding

This study assessed the associations between maternal reflective functioning and progressive parenting beliefs and their association with nurturing parenting and preschool children’s emotion understanding. Mothers (N = 52) reported on their parenting beliefs and nurturing parenting. Mothers were interviewed using the Parent Development Interview-Revised to assess reflective functioning. Preschool-aged children (between 3 and 5 years old) completed a perspective-taking task assessing emotion understanding. Mothers with higher levels of reflective functioning had more progressive parenting beliefs and had children with more advanced emotion understanding. Mothers with more progressive parenting beliefs reported more nurturing parenting. These findings indicate that both parenting beliefs and reflective functioning are important predictors of both parenting behavior and young children’s emotion understanding and may be important targets for clinicians working to improve outcomes for families.
Tracheostomy in Patients on Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Is It Safe?

Background The anticoagulation and coagulopathy associated with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) lead to concern for increased risks of tracheostomy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of tracheostomy in patients on VV-ECMO. Methods Patients admitted between November 2015 and January 2019 to a dedicated intensive care unit for VV-ECMO were reviewed retrospectively. Results 96 patients underwent tracheostomy. Tracheostomy was performed percutaneously in 51 patients, open in 24, and hybrid in 21. 28 patients had postprocedure bleeding which was from the tracheostomy site in 13, the airway in 13, and both in 2. 6 patients had major tracheostomy site bleeding and 3 patients had major airway bleeding. 7 patients had minor tracheostomy site bleeding, 10 patients had minor airway bleeding, and 2 patients had minor bleeding at both. Bleeding complications were more common following percutaneous tracheostomy. Being on anticoagulation prior to tracheostomy was protective. Discussion Bleeding following tracheostomy in VV-ECMO is common with higher bleeding rates observed for those done percutaneously. Most complications were minor. Tracheostomy in patients on VV-ECMO appears safe.
The Planning Bias in the Spatial Rendezvous: Partial Compensation for Temporal Uncertainty:

Rendezvous behaviors involve meeting at a time and place, therefore requiring accurate prediction and planning of both your own and the target trajectory. Previous work suggests that the planning b...
Not All Survivors Are the Same: Qualitative Assessment of Prior Violence, Risks, Recovery and Perceptions of Firearms and Violence Among Victims of Firearm Injury:

Qualitative exploration into the risk, experiences, and outcomes of victims of firearm injury is imperative to informing not only further research, but prevention and intervention strategies. The p...
Ferromagnetism in 2D α-Fe2O3 nanosheets

In this report, hematene (2D α-Fe2O3 nanosheets) with an exceptionally high coercivity of up to 7.5 kOe has been synthesized via a soft-chemical exfoliation process. The high coercivity correlates with the surface magnetic anisotropy that originates from enhanced uncompensated spin canting as a result of the 2D morphology. This observation is different from the behavior of the bulk counterpart that exhibits collinear antiferromagnetic ordering with no net magnetization at low temperatures. In addition, our study shows a suppression of the Morin transition in 2D nanosheets, which further confirms that the surface spins deviate strongly from the collinear antiferromagnetic ordering. We also observed a spin-glass-like transition with a rapid increase in saturation magnetization and a decrease in anisotropy in the ultra-thin α-Fe2O3 nanosheets at temperatures below 48 K. The spin-glass behavior is correlated with the observed exchange bias and the magnetic field dependence of spin-glass freezing temperature.
The Continuing Vitality of Bias in Research on Guns and Violence: A Second “Non-Response Response” to Unfounded Critiques

Following Kleck’s critique on my recent article on guns, firearms homicide, and mass shootings, I wrote a detailed and thorough reply refuting his methodological concerns and discussing directions ...
Evaluating the Fitness for Use of Citizen Science Data for Wildlife Monitoring

Contributory citizen science programs focused on ecological monitoring can produce fine-grained and expansive data sets across spatial and temporal scales. With this data collection potential, citizen scientists can significantly impact the ability to monitor ecological patterns. However, scientists still harbor skepticism about using citizen science data in their work, generally due to doubts about data quality. Numerous peer-reviewed papers have addressed data quality in citizen science. Yet, many of these methods are not useable by third-party scientists (scientists who are not directly involved in the citizen science program). In addition, these methods generally capture internal data quality rather than a dataset's potential to be used for a specific purpose. Assessing data fitness for use represents a promising approach to evaluating data accuracy and quality for different applications and contexts. In this paper, we employ a Spatial, Temporal, Aptness, and Accuracy (STAAq) assessment approach to assess data fitness for use of citizen science datasets. We tested the STAAq assessment approach through a case study examining the distribution of caribou in Denali National Park and Preserve. Three different datasets were used in the test, Map of Life data (a global scale citizen science mobile application for recording species observations), Ride Observe and Record data (a program sponsored by the park staff where incentivized volunteers observe species in the park), and conventionally collected radio collar data. The STAAq assessment showed that the Map of Life and Ride Observe and Record program data are fit for monitoring caribou distribution in the park. This data fitness for use approach is a promising way to assess the external quality of a dataset and its fitness to address particular research or monitoring questions. This type of assessment may help citizen science skeptics see the value and potential of citizen science collected data and encourage the use of citizen science data by more scientists.
An efficient palmprint recognition method based on block dominat orientation code

Abstract A practical palmprint recognition system should have high recognition accuracy, fast matching speed, and high-security capabilities. In the past decades, most previous palmprint recognition systems that were designed on the basis of natural light, have achieved more preferable results in terms of recognition accuracy, matching speed, and security. However, they have certain limitations. It is necessary to improve the security capability of the system and assure recognition accuracy. The research proposes a novel hierarchical multispectral palmprint recognition method based on block dominant orientation code (BDOC). As the multispectral palmprint image is captured under red, green, blue, and near-infrared (NIR) illumination sources, more discriminative information which possibly contributes to improved recognition accuracy and security can be acquired. The experimental results showed that the recognition accuracies were all high in the each spectral band. By analysing the recognition results, the different bands are fused using a feature level fusion scheme to improve recognition accuracy. Meanwhile, as the fusion scheme was based on block selection from different bands, the system was secure because the combination of blocks differed between bands, making stronger discrimination possible. Therefore, the proposed method was provided with higher recognition accuracy, and a high-security capability. It offered a novel means of developing on-line multispectral palmprint systems.