cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antimatter, clockwork orange, laser divestment

In 1972 Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi sponsored a program to holographically record the images of Venetian sculptural treasures for archival purposes. At Laboratorio San Gregorio, where the initial holography took place, G. Musumeci and K. Hempel suggested an experiment to determine whether the concentrated beam from the ruby holographic laser could ablate black-patina crusts from decaying marble. Initial success of a laser-divestment test on a Palazzo Ducale capital launched a search for funding to enable a full-scale laser-conservation demonstration. Later, at a Caltech reunion one of the author's physics professors (Carl Anderson, the discoverer of mu mesons and the positron), noting the prominence of the Venice Film Festival suggested our approaching the motion picture industry. Many years earlier Anderson's Caltech classmate, Frank Capra, had supported the research that led to the discovery of cosmic-ray-generated antimatter on Pikes Peak. (After Caltech, Capra had become a director at Columbia Studios.) Anderson's chance comment led to an introduction to producer Jack Warner at a festival screening of his "A Clockwork Orange" in Asolo. He and his friends contributed US$5000 toward the laser conservation of a marble relief of "The Last Supper" in the Porta della Carta of Venice. This work was conducted in 1980 under the direction of Arch. G. Calcagno. In 1981 it was found that the granite veneer or the newly completed Warner Center Tower had been stained during transit from the quarry. The Venice laser successfully restored the veneer, thereby returning the Warner Brothers' favor.
How Auditors Perceive Sanction Severity and the Detection of Violations: Insights into Professional Vulnerabilities

ABSTRACT: In this study of auditor perceptions, we examine sanction severity for a broad array of workplace sanctions, ranging from informal to formal, and stemming from multiple sources (clients, coworkers, audit partners, professional bodies). We also probe perceptions of violation detection, with a specific focus on the individuals most likely to detect a violation (coworker, audit partner, client, professional body). Through detailed examinations, we are able to identify gaps in patterns of sanction severity and sources of detection. While the profession assigns the most severe sanctions, our study suggests auditors believe the violations associated with professional sanctions are more likely to be detected by the client rather than the coworker or the audit partner. We assert that such perceptions could lead to vulnerabilities in the power and effectiveness of professional sanctions.
An E2F Binding-Deficient Rb1 Protein Partially Rescues Developmental Defects Associated with Rb1 Nullizygosity

Rb1 is essential for normal embryonic development, as null mice die in midgestation with widespread unscheduled cell proliferation. Rb1 protein (pRb) mediates cell cycle control by binding E2F transcription factors and repressing expression from E2F-dependent promoters. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that pRb loss also compromises cellular differentiation. Since differentiation is often dependent on cell cycle exit, it is currently unclear whether the effects of pRb on differentiation are an indirect consequence of pRb/E2F-mediated cell cycle control or whether they reflect direct cell-type-specific pRb functions. We have mutated Rb1 in the mouse to express a protein (R654W) specifically deficient in binding E2F1, E2F2, and E2F3. R654W mutant embryos exhibit cell cycle defects the same as those of Rb1 null embryos, reinforcing the importance of the interactions of pRb with E2F1, E2F2, and E2F3 for cell cycle control. However, R654W embryos survive at least 2 days longer than Rb1 null embryos, and increased life span is associated with improved erythrocyte and fetal liver macrophage differentiation. In contrast, R654W pRb does not rescue differentiation defects associated with pRb-deficient retinae. These data indicate that Rb1 makes important cell-type-specific contributions to cellular differentiation that are genetically separable from its general ability to stably bind E2F1, E2F2, and E2F3 and regulate the cell cycle.
A New Route of Chaos In Gasless Combustion

It has been observed that the gasless combustion of thermites can proceed in a variety of nonsteady propagation modes that range form periodic to chaotic in character. While the nature of the transition from steady to nonsteady, but periodic, combustion is now weJl understood, the various mechanisms that lead to more complex te.g., chaotic) modes of burning are is not. However, it has been shown that mode interactions which arise after the neutral stability boundary is crossed do lead to combustion waves that exhibit more complicated spatial and temporal behavior. In the present work, we foucus on the case of temporally resonant mode interactions and show how such interactions can provide a new route to chaos in gaslcss systems. The resulting character of the propagating combustion wave is that or chaotic. multiple-point combustion, in which one may observe the random movement of hot spots that appear, disappear and reappear on the sample surface, as reported in recent experiments. Various quantitative me...
Auction-based congestion management for target tracking in wireless sensor networks

This paper addresses the problem of providing congestion-management for a shared wireless sensor network-based target tracking system. In many large-scale wireless sensor network target tracking scenarios (e.g., a surveillance system for tracking vehicles in urban environments), multiple targets may converge within close proximity of each other. Such scenarios may cause network congestion as nearby sensors attempt to concurrently send updates to a data aggregation point (e.g., base station). We consider the case in which this problem is further complicated by two factors. First, such a large-scale sensor network may very well be deployed to serve multiple target tracking applications with different and dynamic priorities and interests in different (types of) targets. Second, each application will most likely place a different premium on the timeliness of the target information (principally defined by some quality metric) they receive. All the above challenges introduce formidable challenges in providing the expeditious delivery of target information to all prioritized applications. In this paper, we advocate the use of a distributed auction-based approach to locally manage network bandwidth allocation in the described context. We use the Second Price Auction mechanism (to ensure incentive compatibility) in which the congested node acts as the auctioneer and the packets carrying target updates act as bidders. Their bid values are defined by the loss of information utility to the applications associated with the packets. The winning packet receives the current transmission slot of the auctioneer node. We demonstrate through simulation that the resulting auction allocates bandwidth efficiently, maximizing the collective applications' goals, even when the application priorities change dynamically.
Mechanisms of Particulate Matter Formation in Spark-Ignition Engines. 3. Model of PM Formation

A combined experimental and modeling effort was performed in order to understand how particulate matter (PM) is formed in spark-ignition (SI) internal combustion engines. Application of the model allows quantification of the amount of PM nucleated at sites of burning liquid fuel (either droplets or pools) and in homogeneous gas-phase chemical reactions. Moreover, it quantifies PM growth by condensation and absorption/adsorption of hydrocarbon (HC) vapors as well as PM reduction by oxidation both in the cylinder and in the exhaust pipe. Model parameters, fit by comparison to experimental data, show the strong dependence of PM formation on the presence of liquid fuel in the cylinder and HCs in the exhaust, temperatures in the intake port and cylinder, air/fuel ratio, and propensity of the fuel molecule to break down into soot precursors. PM emissions calculated by the 13-parameter model compare to 84 experimental data sets with an R 2 correlation coefficient of 0.81, demonstrating good correlation. The effe...
Microbial biomass in the coastal plume of Chesapeake Bay: Phytoplankton-bacterioplankton relationships

Turnover rate of suspended organic matter (POC) increased seasonally with temperature as the proportions of POC accounted for by bacterioplankton increased relative to phytoplankton. The proportion of phytoplankton productivity that cycled through bacterioplankton averaged 13% and showed little seasonal variability. These results imply changes in the pathways and rates by which phytoplankton and bacterioplankton production were consumed or exported from the plume. Time series of 1–3 d next to surface drifters within the plume provided some insight into the nature of these changes. In February when the turnover rate of POC was low, phytoplankton biomass declined relative to bacterioplankton due to sedimentation of large diatoms. Low bacterioplankton biomass was associated with high rates of predation by heterotrophic microflagellates. In August when POC was turning over rapidly, phytoplankton biomass declined relative to bacterioplankton due to selective grazing by copepods. High bacterioplankton biomass appeared to be a consequence of enhanced DOC flux associated with high copepod grazing and POC turnover rates as well as with low predation by heterotrophic microflagellates.
Computation and Causation

The computer’s effect on our understanding of causation has been enormous. By the mid-1980s, philosophical and social-scientific work on the topic had left us with (1) no reasonable reductive account of causation and (2) a class of statistical causal models tied to linear regression. At this time, computer scientists were attacking the problem of equipping robots with models of the external that included probabilistic portrayals of uncertainty. To solve the problem of efficiently storing such knowledge, they introduced Bayes Networks and directed graphs. By attaching a causal interpretation to Bayes Networks, the philosophy of causation changed dramatically. We are now able to be extremely general about how causal structure connects to data, and systematic about when causal structures are empirically indistinguishable. In this essay I try to motivate and describe this synthesis.
A Remote Satellite‐Linked Tracking System for Studying Pacific Salmon with Radio Telemetry

Abstract A remote tracking system with a satellite uplink was used to study the movements of adult Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and coho salmon O. kisutch in the large, isolated Taku River in Alaska and British Columbia. Salmon were tagged with pulse-coded radio transmitters; 10 codes identified individual fish on each of 52 frequencies. Remote tracking stations automatically collected, processed, and transferred telemetry data via a computer-controlled receiver. A satellite uplink was used to retrieve the data for within-season analysis. Three hundred six Chinook salmon were tracked upriver in 1990 and 351 coho salmon in 1992. Coho salmon could not have been tracked with conventional methods due to the inclement fall weather and mountainous terrain typical of this area. The stations recorded 98–100% of the radio-tagged fish that moved past. Tracking success was much higher than in previous studies in which fish were tracked exclusively from aircraft. The remote tracking system is an effective ...
Names Are Predicates

One reason to think that names have a predicate-type semantic value is that they naturally occur in count-noun positions: ‘The Michaels in my building both lost their keys’; ‘I know one incredibly sharp Cecil and one that's incredibly dull’. Predicativism is the view that names uniformly occur as predicates. Predicativism flies in the face of the widely accepted view that names in argument position are referential, whether that be Millian Referentialism, direct-reference theories, or even Fregean Descriptivism. But names are predicates in all of their occurrences; they are predicates that are true of their bearers. When a name appears as a bare singular in argument position, it really occupies the predicate position of what in this essay is called a denuded definite description: a definite description with an unpronounced definite article. Sloat provided good evidence for this. The definite article is sometimes pronounced with names in the singular: ‘The Ivan we all love doesn't feel well’. Sloat proposed a disjunctive generalization of when the definite article must be pronounced with a singular name. This essay shows that by slightly revising Sloat's generalization, we arrive at a simple, nondisjunctive, syntactic rule that governs the overt appearance of the definite article with singular names. But Ivan does not necessarily bear the name ‘Ivan’, so one might worry that the sentence “Ivan might not have had ‘Ivan’ as a name” would incorrectly be predicted false. This essay shows that Predicativism does not have this consequence by showing that incomplete definite descriptions in general and incomplete denuded descriptions, such as ‘Othe Ivan’, in particular are rigid designators.
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for the Sliding Displacement of Slopes: Scalar and Vector Approaches

Sliding block displacements often are used to evaluate the potential for ground failure due to slope instability. The procedures used to assess sliding block displacement typically use deterministic or pseudoprobabilistic approaches, in which the uncertainties in the expected ground motion and resulting displacement are either ignored or not treated in a rigorous manner. Thus, there is no concept of the actual hazard associated with the computed displacement. This paper presents a fully probabilistic framework for assessing sliding block displacements. The product of this analysis is a displacement hazard curve, which provides the annual rate of exceedance, λ, for a range of displacement levels. The framework considers two procedures that will yield a displacement hazard curve: (1) a scalar hazard approach that utilizes a single ground motion parameter and its associated hazard curve to compute permanent displacements; and (2) a vector hazard approach that predicts displacements based on two (or more) ground motion parameters and the correlation between these parameters. The vector approach reduces the displacement hazard significantly, as compared with the scalar approach, because of the reduction in the variability in the displacement prediction. Comparison of the fully probabilistic approach with an approach using probabilistically derived ground motions reveals that using a ground motion for a given hazard level does not produce a displacement level with the same hazard.
Interregional productivity variations in Chinese manufacturing and mining industry

A shift-share model is employed to analyse the interregional productivity variations in Chinese manufacturing and mining industry. Our empirical results show that sector productivity difference is huge; surprisingly, the most productive coastal regions are found to be specialized in low-productive sectors; the inland provinces suffer a uniform productivity lag, which suggests policies geared to increase regional productivity, such as infrastructures and human capital, are crucial to close the productivity gap between the inland and the costal.
Effect of the Fast Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse on the Electric Power Grid Nationwide: A Different View

This paper primarily considers the potential effects of a single high-altitude nuclear burst on the U.S. power grid. A comparison is made between EMP and natural phenomena such as lightning. This paper concludes that EMP is no more harmful to the power grid than its counterparts in natuire. An upper limit of the electric field of the very fast, high-amplitude EMP is derived from first principles. The resulting values are significantly lower than the commonly presented values. Additional calculations show that the ionization produced by a nuclear burst severely attenuates the EMP.
Comment on “TopHat2: accurate alignment of transcriptomes in the presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions” by Kim et al.

In the recent paper by Kim et al. (Genome biology, 2013. 14(4): p. R36) the accuracy of TopHat2 was compared to other RNA-seq aligners. In this comment we re-examine most important analyses from this paper and identify several deficiencies that significantly diminished performance of some of the aligners, including incorrect choice of mapping parameters, unfair comparison metrics, and unrealistic simulated data. Using STAR (Dobin et al., Bioinformatics, 2013. 29(1): p. 15-21) as an exemplar, we demonstrate that correcting these deficiencies makes its accuracy equal or better than that of TopHat2. Furthermore, this exercise highlighted some serious issues with the TopHat2 algorithms, such as poor recall of alignments with a moderate (>3) number of mismatches, low sensitivity and high false discovery rate for splice junction detection, loss of precision for the realignment algorithm, and large number of false chimeric alignments.
A Case Study of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy: Flexible Client-Centered Adaptation of an EST

The authors present a case study of “Katie,” a 4-year-old girl diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Treatment was conducted with Katie and her family using Parent–Child Interaction T...
Is Birdsong More Like Speech or Music

Music and speech share many acoustic cues but not all are equally important. For example, harmonic pitch is essential for music but not for speech. When birds communicate is their song more like speech or music? A new study contrasting pitch and spectral patterns shows that birds perceive their song more like humans perceive speech.
The synergistic effects of clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotrophin in the folliculogenesis of stimulated cycles as assessed by the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist Nal-Glu

Clomiphene citrate (CC), alone or in combination with exogenous gonadotrophins, has been widely used in ovulation induction. CC promotes endogenous release of gonadotrophins, yet when used in combination with exogenous gonadotrophins, its contribution to folliculogenesis is difficult to assess. In order to determine the contribution of CC-induced endogenous gonadotrophin production to the overall ovarian stimulation in cycles treated with CC/human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG), Nal-Glu, a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist was administered. Fertile women (n = 10) undergoing ovarian stimulation and oocyte aspiration for the sole purpose of gamete donation were studied. Five women received CC (100 mg daily for 5 days) in conjunction with pure follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 150 IU daily. Five women received HMG alone. Nal-Glu (50 micrograms/kg/day) was administered intramuscularly to both groups when the leading follicles reached a mean diameter of 16 mm. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 10,000 IU was given when the largest follicles reached a mean diameter of 20-22 mm. A significant fall in serum oestradiol levels was observed in women given CC/FSH (37.9 +/- 7.3%) within the first 24 h of Nal-Glu administration. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) decreased greater than 20% within 24 h of Nal-Glu administration and remained low throughout the rest of the treatment. No decrease in oestradiol levels was noted in cycles receiving HMG alone. With supplemental FSH, falling oestradiol levels in CC/FSH cycles rebounded and continued to rise until the day after HCG administration. Despite a drop in oestradiol in CC/FSH cycles, the aspirated oocytes exhibited no untoward effects. The fertilization and cleavage rates were similar, and pregnancies occurred in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Novel Dynamic Light-Scattering Method to Determine the Modulus of Gels

The initial sections contain discussions of the basis of the measurement and its use to ascertain the shear storage modulus. The later sections contain new material relating to detection of dissipative mechanisms which, when certain conditions are satisfied, can be described by a gel viscocity coefficient
On Sustainabilization: Global Inequalities, Digital Habitats, and Material Governance - A Critical Ecology

This paper explores how the recent turn to the Anthropocene in many environmental and political debates appears, first, to mystify the characteristics of the humans who are transforming the planet Earth on a biophysical scale in geological time, and, second, to justify the importance of new planetary eco–managerial interventions to administer the costs and benefits of these ecological events in the most efficient manner possible. As a result, the discourses of sustainability and resilience amid these worldwide changes appear to operate with increasingly conservative political agendas. On the one hand, they legitimate a strange fusion of ecological sustainability and economic development in green modernization programs, which could considered new policies for “sustainabilization.” Yet, on the other hand, these codes of green performativity also work to preserve the historically inequitable distribution of wealth, technology, and power for those social forces that have caused the most ecological destruction around the world over the past 250 years.
Investigation of Ash Formation, Accumulation, and Distribution in Diesel Particulate Filters Using Lubricant Additive Tracers

The accumulation of lubricant-derived ash in diesel particulate filters (DPF) adversely affects engine efficiency, and is the single most important factor limiting the filter’s useful service life. The location of the ash deposits in the DPF, whether accumulated in a layer along the channel walls or packed in a pug at the end of the channels, plays a crucial role in determining the extent to which the ash impacts filter performance. This work presents results of targeted experiments designed to carefully track the evolution of the ash deposit formation and accumulation processes. Specially-formulated lubricants containing only calcium, zinc, or magnesium additives were used as chemical tracers and applied to load the same DPF in carefully designed time-sequence variations. Subsequent filter post-mortem analysis utilized scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersive x-ray analysis to identify the chemical tracers in the ash layer and channel end-plugs. The results provide a quantitative measure of ash build-up along the channel walls, and the subsequent transport and formation of ash plugs at the end of the DPF channels. Studies with these additive tracers also showed large differences in DPF pressure drop as a function of ash chemistry. In general, calcium- and magnesium-based ash resulted in the largest increase in filter pressure drop, while ash containing primarily zinc compounds exhibited little increase in pressure drop for the same ash level in the DPF. Furthermore, despite being formulated to the same 1% total sulfated ash level, differences in ash accumulation rates between each of the lubricants provide additional insight into the magnitude of individual additives’ impact on DPF performance. Although the ash problem presents a significant challenge to lubricant and additive formulators and engine and aftertreatment system manufacturers alike, these results enhance the fundamental understanding of how ash is accumulated and distributed in the DPF. Further, the results are useful to understand the manner in which the accumulated ash affects exhaust flow restriction and filter pressure drop, as well as catalyst performance. Eventually, means of controlling both the location and packing characteristics of the ash deposits may be developed to extend DPF service life and minimize the impact of the accumulated ash on filter performance.© 2011 ASME
Doctrina Chevron: su significado en el derecho estadounidense y su aplicabilidad en la Argentina (Chevron Doctrine: Its Meaning in America and Applicability in Argentina)

This paper in Spanish was published in El Derecho. It discusses the meaning and development of the rule that the United States Supreme Court announced in Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984), and the degree and manner of its adoption by Argentine courts. Although the Argentina Supreme Court has cited Chevron only once and that in a dissent, it has developed in some precedents a very similar type of deference, which the essay describes. American and Argentine administrative law, then, have both adopted Chevron’s principle, if not its name. Faced with a smaller administrative docket, the Argentine courts have not yet developed the doctrine in all its details, but they have so far made the same principle design choices.
Truth, Lies, and Recantation

Survey data indicate that, globally, 20 % of women and up to 10 % of men report experiencing sexual abuse during childhood (Stoltenborgh, van IJzendoorn, Euser, & Bakermans-Kranenburg, 2011). In 2012, US rates of sexual abuse reports were approximately 63,000 or 9.3 %. This is likely a low estimate given the stigma often associated with child sexual abuse (CSA) and reluctance to report abuse. It is clear that CSA occurs at a significant rate in both the United States and around the world. It poses a serious risk to children and adults, with the accompanying negative psychological effects and impact on health.
Beneficiation Experimental Study on Gold Ore of Pyrite-Arsenopyrite Type from Hunan

The gold minerals were fine disseminated in the gold ore,and the pyrite,arsenopyrite and gangue minerals were occurred in it. According to the ore properties,when the ore was ground 89.8% below74 μm and the pulp density was 32%,by once roughing,triple cleaning and triple scavenging,the closedcircuit test was carried out,and the gold concentrate containing 41.43 g/t Au with recovery of 80.94% was obtained from the raw ore which contained 5.28 g/t Au.
Analysis of trace elements detection results of 556 children in vaccination clinics

Objective: To understand the content and abnormal condition of trace elements in children of Xinjian county,and explore the comprehensive measures for prevention and control,so as to provide scientific basis for the management of environment,adjustment of children′s diet to ensure children′s health.Methods: Level of Pb,Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg and Cu in peripheral blood of 556 children were detected by MP-2 dissolution analyzer and analyzed with statistics.Results: In Xinjian county,major element deficiency was Zn with the deficiency of 15.29%,followed by Ca(12.23%) and Fe(8.99%),while Pb exceeded standard with the excessive rate of 12.41%,Mg and Cu were in the normal level.The differences had no statistical significance between different genders(P0.05).Conclusion: Lack of Zn,Ca and Fe were universal in children of Xinjian county,reasonable diet and periodic physical examination should taken to keep the balance of trace elements in children and avoid the occurrence of disease.
Cytochrome P450IIE1 Metabolism of Pyridines: Evidence for Production of a Reactive Intermediate which Exhibits Redox-Cycling Activity and Causes DNA Damage

To date some thirty pyridine derivatives have been identified as being present in cigarette smoke and smoke condensate as revealed by chromatographic analysis of smoke composition (Schumacher, et al., 1977; Moree-Testa, et al.; 1984). 3-Hydroxypyridine has been shown to be present in tobacco smoke and its content was estimated to be as high as 0.13 mg per cigar smoked (Schmelt and Stedman, 1962; Osman et al., 1963). Although studies on the metabolism of 3- and 2-hydroxypyridine in microorganisms have been reported (Houghton and Cain, 1972), information concerning the cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism of these agents or the specificity of individual forms of P-450 for these substrates is lacking.
Abstract IA34: Evaluating methods of improving quality of life for cancer patients and improving acceptance of screening practices among cancer patients and their families

Dr. Manne will describe her ongoing R01 trial evaluating an intimacy-enhancing couples counseling versus a diet and exercise intervention and minimal care. She will also discuss the state of the science in quality of life for men with prostate cancer and their intimate relationships as well as important areas for future research. Citation Format: Sharon L. Manne. Evaluating methods of improving quality of life for cancer patients and improving acceptance of screening practices among cancer patients and their families. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA34.
FRACTURE AS A DESIGN CRITERION

ABSTRACT Demands on material performance are continually increasing, while, at the same time, the capabilities for flaw detection are improving. As a consequence, fracture mechanics, the technology that can be used for the assessment of the strength and durability of structural components with crack-like flaws, has become an accepted part of engineering design. This paper outlines the basis for the use of linear elastic fracture mechanics and outlines its application to a broad range of engineering problems. Examples are given to illustrate the similarity between fracture mechanics structural applications and ordinary engineering design calculations. The limitations of the linear elastic approach are discussed to illustrate the need for the on-going research in the subject.
Reducing purposeful headers from goal kicks and punts may reduce cumulative exposure to head acceleration.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to measure peak linear and rotational head acceleration in women’s collegiate soccer and explore the variations in acceleration across different strategic scenarios. Game videos from 14 games were used to identify the strategic scenario in which the athlete headed the ball. Strategic scenarios included: bounce, secondary header, punt, throw-in, goal kick, corner kick, and kick. Peak linear and rotational accelerations were measured using the Smart Impact Monitor (Triax Technologies Inc., Norwalk, CT). Goal kick (38.8 ± 19.4 g, p = 0.001, s = 8.9; 9.3 ± 3.9 krad/s2, p = 0.004, s = 1.9) and punt (36.0 ± 15.1 g, p = 0.055, s = 6.3; 10.1 ± 4.8 krad/s2, p = 0.002, s = 2.5) impacts resulted in higher linear and rotational head accelerations than the base variable, kick (30.0 ± 19.5 g; 7.5 ± 4.1 krad/s2). This suggests that limiting headers from goal kicks and punts in younger athletes who are still learning proper heading technique may limit cumulative linear and rotational...
Tensile properties and electrical conductivity of epoxy composite thin films containing zinc oxide quantum dots and multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Abstract In situ surface-decoration of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was used to disentangle multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in epoxy. Pristine MWCNTs (P-MWCNTs) and oxidized MWCNTs (O-MWCNTs) were incorporated, with and without ZnO-functionalization, into an aerospace-grade epoxy matrix at 1.7 wt% to investigate how ZnO functionalization influences their dispersion and effect on the properties of epoxy. It was observed that epoxy composites containing ZnO-decorated MWCNTs exhibited significant gains in Young's modulus (51%) and tensile strength (20%), without significantly compromising T g (according to the 2nd heating cycle on differential scanning calorimetry) and electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of epoxy containing ZnO/P-MWCNTs was more than an order of magnitude higher than epoxy containing the same content of P-MWCNTs. The above composite system is attractive for applications where both tensile properties and electrical conductivity are of importance. The usefulness of these composite systems for multifunctional engineering applications and as thin films in vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding for carbon fiber reinforced composites is discussed.
Alterations in over-ground walking patterns in obese and overweight adults

Obesity has been associated with negative effects on postural control, including falls. Previous studies revealed different outcomes regarding the effects of obesity on gait features, and the use of BMI may lead to bias in assessing the true effects of obesity on gait. To better understand the effects of obesity on gait, it is important to examine gait features and associated body composition measures. The purpose of this study was: (1) to assess gait features of normal weight, overweight and obese adults, and (2) to assess the relationship between body composition measures and gait features. Thirty participants were assigned to one of three groups based upon their BMI at the onset of the study: healthy weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9kg/m2), overweight (BMI: 25-29.9kg/m2), or obese (BMI: 30-40kg/m2). Participants performed straight-line over-ground walking through a 200m hallway at their natural preferred speed while wearing their own shoes. The angular displacements, range of motion (ROM), and approximate entropy of kinematic data of the bilateral hips, knees, and ankles in the sagittal plane were computed. Walking speed, step length, stride length, single leg support phase, double leg support phase, swing phase and bilateral stance phase times were extracted from the GaitRite data. Overall, body mass and BMI were associated with peak flexion and ROM in the knees as well as single support, double support, stance, and swing phases. Body fat percentage did not exhibit correlations with measured gait features. Gait variables were more highly correlated with BMI and body mass instead of percent body fat, suggesting that absolute mass is more influential on gait features rather than amount of fat tissue.
OD + CO → D + CO 2 branching kinetics probed with time-resolved frequency comb spectroscopy

Abstract Time-resolved direct frequency comb spectroscopy was used to study the kinetics of the OD + CO → D + CO2 reaction, which is important for atmospheric and combustion chemistry. Complementing our recent work on quantifying the formation rate of the trans-DOCO radical, we report measurements of the kinetics of the chemically activated product channel, D + CO2, at room temperature. Simultaneous measurements of the time-dependence of OD and CO2 concentrations directly yield the products’ formation rate and its dependence on pressure and bath gas. Together with the trans-DOCO formation rate, these new measurements provide absolute yields of branching channels for both products of OD + CO in the low-pressure limit.
AI inferences utilizing Occam Abduction

Abduction is formally defined as finding the best explanation for a set of observations, or inferring cause from effect. Here we discuss the notion of Occam Abduction, which relates to finding the simplest explanation with respect to inferring cause from effect. Occam abduction is useful in artificial intelligence in application of autonomous reasoning, knowledge assimilation, belief revision, and works well within a multi-agent AI framework. Here we present a flexible, hypothesis-driven methodology for Occam Abduction within a cognitive, artificially intelligent, system architecture.
Sampling and sampling-like techniques in field representation

Sampling and sampling-like techniques, recently applied to antenna problems, are reviewed. In particular, analysis, synthesis, and field transformations in the frame of measurement data processing are considered. A number of numerical examples are presented.
Image transport through silica-air random core optical fiber

Optical image transport through low-loss silica-air based disordered fiber is reported for the first time. Transverse Anderson localization is confirmed by propagating a 976nm laser beam through a 4.6-cm-long segment of random fiber.
Pseudotyped Lentiviral Vectors: One Vector, Many Guises

Viruses have evolved specialized molecular mechanisms to transfer their genome efficiently into host cells. Viruses can be repurposed into viral vectors to achieve controlled gene transfer to desired cells. One of the most popular class of vectors, lentiviral vectors, transduce mammalian cells efficiently. Lentiviral vectors are pseudotyped with various heterologous viral envelopes to alter their tropism. While the most common example is the envelope glycoprotein from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVG), many other viral proteins have also been used. Pseudotyping lentiviral vectors with a diverse set of naturally occurring or engineered viral envelopes has allowed targeted infection of specific cell types. Many exciting studies are further uncovering new specificities and shortcomings of pseudotyped lentiviral vectors. These studies will expand the toolbox to make lentiviral vectors that cater to the specific requirements of transduction. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of various viral envelope pseudotypes used with LVs, their specificity, advantages, and drawbacks.
Protein S-Nitrosylation: Determinants of Specificity and Enzymatic Regulation of S-Nitrosothiol-Based Signaling.

Abstract Significance: Protein S-nitrosylation, the oxidative modification of cysteine by nitric oxide (NO) to form protein S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), mediates redox-based signaling that conveys, in large part, the ubiquitous influence of NO on cellular function. S-nitrosylation regulates protein activity, stability, localization, and protein–protein interactions across myriad physiological processes, and aberrant S-nitrosylation is associated with diverse pathophysiologies. Recent Advances: It is recently recognized that S-nitrosylation endows S-nitroso-protein (SNO-proteins) with S-nitrosylase activity, that is, the potential to trans-S-nitrosylate additional proteins, thereby propagating SNO-based signals, analogous to kinase-mediated signaling cascades. In addition, it is increasingly appreciated that cellular S-nitrosylation is governed by dynamically coupled equilibria between SNO-proteins and low-molecular-weight SNOs, which are controlled by a growing set of enzymatic denitrosylases comprising two ma...
The impact of Wisconsin’s Act 10 on municipal management in smaller municipalities: Views from local elected officials:

This article examines elected officials’ opinions on Wisconsin’s controversial 2011 collective bargaining reform. Survey results from elected officials serving on city councils and village boards w...
Qualitative Analysis Reveals Complex Patterns of Medical Student Experiences in the First Dissection

This qualitative analysis assessed the emotional response and sense of ethical obligation among medical students after their first experience with human dissection in medical school. While a limited number of studies have been conducted on this topic, most used survey techniques that require quantification of complex concepts like anxiety, excitement, and fear. Alternatively, this project qualitatively analyzed video-recorded responses of medical students prompted to reflect on both their initial impressions when entering the cadaver lab and their ethical responsibilities to their cadavers. With respect to the former, the results illustrate different patterns of experienced anxiety that would be obscured in a traditional quantitative design. With respect to the latter, conceptualization of ethical responsibility among first-year students underscores a nascent stage of professionalism and sense of ethical duty, highlighting the developmental needs of recently matriculated students.
1490 Re-employment needs and barriers of individuals in a residential rehabilitation program

Introduction Adverse effects on individual well-being as a result of unemployment are well-documented. Individuals in transitional housing programs often have a goal of reaching stable employment, but the unique needs and barriers for achieving re-employment among this diverse population (includes individuals that may be homeless, formerly incarcerated, or impacted by other stressful life circumstances) warrants further study to enhance programmatic and service recommendations. Methods A structured interview guide was developed and modelled after existing validated surveys. To evaluate the ability of the instrument to optimally measure the constructs of interest, cognitive interviewing was conducted to identify problems in comprehension, retrieval, judgement and response to survey questions so that the survey can be modified prior to full deployment. The survey was administered orally by one interviewer and audio recorded. Descriptive data analysis was done for this exploratory semi-qualitative study. Result Fifteen cognitive interviews were completed resulting in changes in content, wording, study inclusion criteria, and development of response categories. Over thirty interviews were conducted using the final guide. Results suggest that work histories of participants are more extensive with longer periods of employment than may be expected. Many respondents indicated that future employment goals include owning their own business and may represent an area of additional needed training for those currently unemployed. However, most aspirations for future employment were congruent with past achievements, including ownership. Discussion It is important to assess the needs and barriers of those seeking employment services to ensure programs deliver essential services. Ownership may help bypass some of the challenges faced with finding and maintaining employment due to criminal records or other barriers. This interview guide will be used in other populations seeking varied employment services from community organisations to further study needs and barriers for regaining employment.
Insuficiência hepática fulminante após transplante simultâneo de rim-pâncreas: um relato de caso

Resumo Descrevemos um caso incomum de insuficiencia hepatica hiperaguda apos a anestesia geral em uma paciente que recebeu um transplante simultâneo de rim‐pâncreas. Apesar de uma avaliacao agressiva das causas estruturais, imunologicas, virais e toxicologicas, uma causa definitiva nao pode ser identificada. A paciente precisou de um transplante de figado que resultou em prolongamento da internacao hospitalar. Discutimos as potenciais causas da insuficiencia hepatica fulminante e o manejo da anestesia no periodo perioperatorio de seu subsequente transplante de figado.
Information technology services indutry and job design

Service businesses produce over 70 percent of the gross domestic product in developed nations and there has been an increasing dependency on information technology to deliver services. Over the last few decades, many large companies that provide IT-based products have transformed their businesses into service oriented businesses. For those organizational changes, the job design must also be considered because the distinctive characteristics of service businesses require different skills than what was found in manufacturing. In reality, however, while the proportion of service businesses is increasing in such work organizations, service businesses produce job stress that can lead to health problems. Although stress perception appears to be the major factor of discomfort in IT services industry, studies about effective ways to design a job or avoid job stress are not so many. In this paper, several factors that produce job stress are discussed based on a conceptual model.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SERIES OF COMPATIBLE DIGITAL LOGIC NETWORKS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the characteristics of a series of compatible digital logic networks. The basic logical functions are those of AND, OR, and NOT, of these three NOT is generally an essential function, in that an inverting stage is most convenient for adding gain, while only one of the other two is necessarily required. The simplest form for a compatible series of logic networks to take is that there should be only one network. As this network should be a gate as well as a NOT unit, it must have at least two inputs. It should also have an output that is capable of driving at least two other similar inputs. There are two basic factors that determine the speed of a system that has been designed using a series of networks. The first is the propagation delay time for a gate and the second is the maximum repetition rate that the bistable will resolve.
Technology, Air Traffic Control, and Labor-Management Relations

Few episodes in modern labor-management relations so clearly illustrate the precarious nature of industrial peace and the ineradicable opposition of labor and management as does the 1981 strike of 11,500 air traffic controllers against the federal government.1 Technological changes since the advent of this occupational role in the 1920s generated a labor relations situation that pitted the union’s advocacy of professional (craft) self-determination against management’s advocacy of bureaucratic/unilateral control . . .and the showdown in 1981 allowed for only one clearcut winner. Seldom before and never since in federal labor-management relations have the parties allowed their contract-bargaining strife to get so far out of control, and to require the unthinkable in mature collective-bargaining scenarios—or the pursuit of total victory. Seldom before and never since has the American labor movement been judged so harshly by the media, the lawmakers, the public, and even many dues-paying unionists.
South Asian American Health: Perspectives and Recommendations on Sociocultural Influences

South Asian Americans comprise one of the largest and fastest growing Asian immigrant subgroups. However, research on the health care needs of this population remains sparse. Although South Asian communities are diverse and have distinct immigration histories, they share common cultural values including collectivism, cultural understanding of morality, and gender role expectations. These values along with systemic inequities, such as acculturative stress and race-based discrimination, can have a unique influence on the health of the South Asian Americans. It is important that health care providers are aware of the influence of cultural values on South Asian American patients, as well as be equipped to provide culturally competent health care to this population.
Sleep deprivation and obesity in adults: a brief narrative review

Background/aims Obesity and sleep deprivation are two epidemics that pervade developed nations. Their rates have been steadily rising worldwide, especially in the USA. This short communication will explore the link between the two conditions and outline the proposed mechanisms behind their relationship. Methods Studies on the topic of sleep and obesity were reviewed, and findings were used to develop a theoretical model for the biological link between short sleep duration and obesity. Results Individuals who regularly slept less than 7 hours per night were more likely to have higher average body mass indexes and develop obesity than those who slept more. Studies showed that experimental sleep restriction was associated with increased levels of ghrelin, salt retention and inflammatory markers as well as decreased levels of leptin and insulin sensitivity. Conclusions There may be a link between obesity and sleep deprivation. We recommend further investigations are to elucidate the potential mechanisms.