cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation-based temporal model of pitch multiplicity

Global temporal models for pitch analyze population-wide, all-order interspike interval distributions of the entire auditory nerve to accurately predict almost all known F0-pitch phenomena. Population-interval distributions (PIDs) are neural representations that resemble log-frequency scaled, half-wave rectified summary autocorrelation functions (SACF) of stimuli. PIDs produced by periodic stimuli show regular patterns of lag peaks associated with subharmonics of harmonics, with major peaks at n/F0, whereas early global temporal models chose the highest PID peak to estimate one, dominant pitch, later models compared average interval-densities of different sets of F0-related PID peaks to estimate relative pitch saliences, all saliences above a threshold being audible. However, this method inherently generates octave confusions amongst related subharmonics. Using Pearson correlation coefficients between PIDs and periodicity-related lag patterns (lags at n/F0) to estimate pitch saliences obviates the octave ambiguity problem and lag-weightings. The results from recent simulations using the Zilany-Bruce-Carney ANF model to estimate the pitches heard for dyads and triads of complex harmonic tones will be presented. For triadic chords (major, minor, suspended, augmented, and diminished), the model estimates relative saliences of F0s of notes, fundamental basses, and individual harmonics). Correlation salience values indicating relative pitch strengths (pitch stabilities) generally comport with music theoretic rankings for these chords.
Too Much is Not Enough: The History in Harriett’s Closet

Kristina Tollefson and Jodi OzimekCocoa: Florida Historical Society Press, 2018This book celebrates the life of the Orlando, Florida, philanthropist Harriett Lake (1922–2018), with more than 500 pa...
Impact of the 2011 International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction on clinical trial attributes for meibomian gland dysfunction.

Abstract Purpose The 2011 International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction was organized to build consensus on various disease aspects of MGD. The purpose of this review was to examine the influence of the MGD Workshop on clinical trials by examining their attributes prior to and after the Workshop. Methods A search for clinical trials using the terms “Meibomian Gland Dysfunction” was conducted using the “Interventional Studies” filter on ClinicalTrials.gov , and selecting studies with posting and start dates prior to (2004–2010) and after the Workshop (2012–2018). The inclusion criteria, outcome measures, and study designs and rigor were examined. Results A total of 32 post-Workshop and 5 pre-Workshop clinical trials were identified with the search. The proportion of pre-Workshop trials using generic diagnosis and systematic assessments to define MGD was similar to that of post-Workshop trials. In both pre- and post-Workshop trials, symptoms, altered gland secretions, and alteration in tear film were the most frequent clinical attributes used to define MGD. The most frequent outcome measures used for pre-Workshop and post-Workshop trials were also similar: symptoms, meibum quality/expressibility, and tear stability. Conclusions The nature of the inclusion criteria, and the clinical attributes used to define MGD during the pre-Workshop period were similar to those of the post-Workshop period, suggesting that the MGD Workshop has had a minimal impact on the design of interventional trials for MGD.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Investigation of Bright Orange-Emitting Benzothiadiazole [10]Cycloparaphenylene.

Conjugated aromatic macrocycles are attractive due to their unique photophysical and optoelectronic properties. In particular, the cyclic radially oriented π-system of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) gives rise to photophysical properties unlike any other small molecule or carbon nanomaterial. CPPs have tunable emission, possess large extinction coefficients, wide effective Stokes shifts, and high quantum yields. However, accessing bright CPPs with emissions beyond 500 nm remains difficult. Herein, we present a novel and bright orange-emitting CPP-based fluorophore showing a dramatic 105 nm red-shift in emission and striking 237 nm effective Stokes shift while retaining a large quantum yield of 0.59. We postulate, and experimentally and theoretically support, that the quantum yield remains large due to the lack of intramolecular charge transfer.
Political Communication and Public Opinion

It is a remarkable time to be a scholar of public opinion and political communication. Not only has the political media environment been fundamentally transformed in the past 20 years, but the rate of ongoing transformation shows no sign of slowing. Digital platforms like Facebook (and its subsidiaries such as Instagram and WhatsApp) are increasingly powerful curators of news and political content. Algorithms designed by platform companies enable high levels of personalization and fragmentation of media audiences; platform-initiated changes to algorithms and newsfeed features can open, or close, the floodgates of visitors to news media websites; the social actions of digital media...
Coloniality, belonging, and indigeneity in Peruvian migration narratives

Transnational lives include not only the mobility of individuals, but of racialized discourses that reinforce and sustain inequalities and exclusion. Building on the seminal work of migration schol...
Feminism: Legitimate, Fearful, or Feared

This chapter exegetically dives deep into the Bible to evaluate the role of women and the relationship between the historical context and modern-day presumptions that exist. A review of named females in the Bible will include the likes of Bathsheba, Deborah, Mary Magdalene, and many others. Additionally, an examination of the unnamed women in the Bible will take place. Scrutiny of the omission of women in the Bible will add credence to the historical context of women’s roles in history. The exegetical analysis will assist with examining the modern-day role of women regarding their rights, roles, and responsibilities in society. A comparison between historical context and modern-day virtues will also be observed.
Evaluating Experiences of Stress and Coping Among African American Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic to Inform Future Interventions.

BackgroundAfrican American (AA) women experience disproportionate levels of chronic disease, which is theorized to be driven by greater exposure to acute and chronic stress. The coronavirus (COVID-...
Phase III trial of adjuvant 13- cis -retinoic acid and interferon-alpha for patients with aggressive skin squamous cell carcinoma.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 5659 A phase III trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant 13- cis -retinoic acid (13cRA) plus interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) for increasing the time to recurrence and preventing second primary tumors (SPTs) of skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) among patients with aggressive skin SCC. From 1996 to 2002, 66 patients with aggressive skin SCC were randomly assigned to receive either combined 13cRA (1 mg/kg/day orally) and IFN-alpha (3 × 106 units subcutaneously three times per week) for 6 months or no adjuvant therapy following SCC surgery and/or radiation. At a median of 21.5 months of follow-up, treatment did not improve the time to recurrence plus SPT (versus no treatment) (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.53–2.41) or time to tumor recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–2.72) or time to SPT (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.27–2.93). Adjuvant 13cRA and IFN-alpha was moderately tolerable; 29% of patients in the treatment arm required dose reductions for grade 3 or 4 toxicities. This study does not support 13cRA plus IFN-alpha for adjuvant therapy of aggressive skin SCC. The high rates of tumor recurrence and SPTs remain an unmet medical challenge with devastating consequences for patients with this disease. Promising agents with preclinical and early clinical results relevant to aggressive skin SCC deserve a high priority for future clinical drug development.
Establishment and characterization of an in vitro clonogenic cell assay for the R-3327-At Copenhagen rat prostatic tumor.

We have established an in vitro clonogenic cell assay for a class of anaplastic rat prostatic tumor cells (R-3327-At). We used collagenase to isolate these cells from transplanted solid tumors growing in the flanks of mature male Copenhagen rats and cultured them in α-minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. A linear relationship was obtained between the number of cells plated and the number of colonies formed. R-3327-At clonogenic cells had a plating efficiency of about 4% when monodispersed cells were isolated from the primary tumor, and their cell doubling time was 24 hr. Cultured tumor cells have maintained their ability to induce tumors when retransplanted into normal male reciplent rats even after 30 weekly passages in vitro , although later passages were not as “tumorigenic.” The R-3327-At cells were readily distinguishable from fibroblasts on the basis of cellular morphology and growth kinetics and because only the R-3327-At cells were able to proliferate in semisolid (plasma) culture and induce tumors upon retransplantation in vivo . The addition of conditioned media (CM) prepared from R-3327-At tumor cell cultures to low density R-3327-At cell cultures produced larger colonies compared to those cultures to which we added either no CM or CM from Copenhagen rat skin fibroblasts. These data indicated that the growth-promoting activity present in the CM of R-3327-At cultures can increase the extent of proliferation, although it is not essential for its initiation. The addition of sera from rats bearing either the R-3327-At or the hormone-dependent (R-3327-H) tumor was “cytotoxic” to R-3327-At clonogenic cells. Not only were fewer colonies formed, but also individual colonies contained fewer cells when compared to control cultures to which normal rat serum was added. These findings are potentially important since they may reflect a host immune response to the tumor.
High Performance Computing Facility Operational Assessment, 2012 Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility

Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL's) Cray XT5 supercomputer, Jaguar, kicked off the era of petascale scientific computing in 2008 with applications that sustained more than a thousand trillion floating point calculations per second - or 1 petaflop. Jaguar continues to grow even more powerful as it helps researchers broaden the boundaries of knowledge in virtually every domain of computational science, including weather and climate, nuclear energy, geosciences, combustion, bioenergy, fusion, and materials science. Their insights promise to broaden our knowledge in areas that are vitally important to the Department of Energy (DOE) and the nation as a whole, particularly energy assurance and climate change. The science of the 21st century, however, will demand further revolutions in computing, supercomputers capable of a million trillion calculations a second - 1 exaflop - and beyond. These systems will allow investigators to continue attacking global challenges through modeling and simulation and to unravel longstanding scientific questions. Creating such systems will also require new approaches to daunting challenges. High-performance systems of the future will need to be codesigned for scientific and engineering applications with best-in-class communications networks and data-management infrastructures and teams of skilled researchers able to take full advantage of these new resources. Themore » Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) provides the nation's most powerful open resource for capability computing, with a sustainable path that will maintain and extend national leadership for DOE's Office of Science (SC). The OLCF has engaged a world-class team to support petascale science and to take a dramatic step forward, fielding new capabilities for high-end science. This report highlights the successful delivery and operation of a petascale system and shows how the OLCF fosters application development teams, developing cutting-edge tools and resources for next-generation systems.« less
Digital government: principles and best practices

Advocates for e-government envision a new era of government-citizen interactivity, including access to on-line transactions and government forms, and a reversal of citizens' disaffection from government. The concept, however, is fraught with many challenges and limitations. This book provides the
Obligation to Obey the Law: A Study of the Death of Socrates

Do we have an obligation to obey any law, no matter how unjust or evil, provided only that it is in fact a valid rule of the legal system in which we happen to be physically located? Reassessment of the relation between law and ethics justifies a new look at the classic statement of legal obligation: the death of Socrates found in the dialogues of Plato. Three possible bases for an ethical obligation to obey the law are examined.
Measuring the Impact of Electric Circuits KitBook on Elementary School Children’s Understanding of Simple Electric Circuits

This study examined the impact of Electric Circuits Kitbook on 4 th grade elementary school children's understanding of simple electric circuits. Sample consists of 100 elementary school children randomly selected from three school districts and six classrooms. Three classrooms were randomly assigned as the treatment group and the other three were assigned as the control group. The Electric Circuits Concept Inventory Test was administered to both groups after one week of science instruction. Findings suggest that the treatment group students performed significantly better than the control group students.
Microscopic Hair Comparisons: A Cautionary Tale

According to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Report on forensic science, “testimony linking microscopic hair analysis with particular defendants is highly unreliable.” This is a stunning conclusion because hair evidence has been admitted in numerous trials for over a century. The NAS Report was not the first to raise issues concerning hair evidence. In 1996, the Department of Justice issued a report discussing the exonerations of the first twenty-eight convicts through the use of DNA technology. This report highlighted the significant role that hair analysis played in a number of cases of these miscarriages of justice, including some death penalty cases. In 1998, a Canadian judicial inquiry into the wrongful conviction of Guy Paul Morin was released. His original conviction was based, in part, on hair evidence. The judge conducting the inquiry recommended that “[t]rial judges should undertake a more critical analysis of the admissibility of hair comparison evidence as circumstantial evidence of guilt.” In addition, a federal district court in 1995 observed: “Although the hair expert may have followed procedures accepted in the community of hair experts, the human hair comparison results in this case were, nonetheless, scientifically unreliable.” The following year, two commentators wrote: “If the purveyors of this dubious science cannot do a better job of validating hair analysis than they have done so far, forensic hair comparison analysis should be excluded altogether from criminal trials.” Yet, courts continued to admit expert testimony based on this technique. A 2005 decision noted that “[t]he overwhelming majority of courts have deemed such evidence admissible.”This article examines the judicial history of microscopic hair analysis, including its role in several wrongful convictions. It discusses the misuse and the abuse of hair evidence, and the failure to establish an empirical basis for the technique. In sum, hair evidence provides a cautionary tale for other forensic techniques.
Managing Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with an Internal Grid of Either Aerosol Puffers or Dispenser Clusters Plus Border Applications of Individual Dispensers

Field trials run from 2001 to 2003 evaluated the effectiveness of a combination of handapplied sex pheromone dispensers (Isomate-C) applied on the perimeter of apple orchards with an internal grid of either pressurized aerosol emitters (puffers) or clusters of dispensers for control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). Puffers were placed in a grid at 1 per ha, while the dispenser clusters were applied at 4 - 8 per ha. Puffers were programmed to release either 240 or 360 mg (E, E)-8-10-dodecadienol (codlemone) per day in 48 puffs (every 15 min from 1500 – 0300 h). Dispensers were grouped in clusters of 50 (Isomate-C TT) or 100 (Isomate-C PLUS) releasing 56 and 33 mg codlemone per d, respectively. No significant differences were found in levels of fruit injury in puffertreated orchards paired with similar orchards treated with 500 Isomate-C PLUS individually applied dispensers per ha. Similarly no significant differences in fruit injury were found in orchards treated with individually applied dispensers versus orchards treated with Isomate-C PLUS dispensers (100 per cluster) placed in screened cages or Isomate-C TT dispensers (50 per cluster) hung from plastic disks. Levels of fruit injury, however, were significantly higher in orchards treated with Isomate-C PLUS dispensers (100 per cluster) hung from plastic disks versus in orchards treated with individually applied dispensers. This later poor performance of the Isomate-C PLUS clusters was associated with its more restricted spacing of dispensers within the cluster and a significant reduction in the weight loss of dispensers compared with dispensers applied individually. These studies suggest that the use of puffers can effectively lower the cost of codling moth management through reductions in sex pheromone puff volume and emitter density.
Effect of normal sperm morphology rate (NSMR) on clinical outcomes and fertilization methods selection in the ultra-short-term GnRH-a protocol.

AbstractPurpose: To investigate whether intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can improve the clinical outcomes of the male patients with teratozoospermia in the ultra-short term GnRH-a protocol.Methods: Based on different normal sperm morphology rate (NSMR), the patients were divided into three groups as follows: NSMR = 0% group, 1% ≤NSMR ...
History Repeats Itself: Evolutionary Structural Change and TNCs' Involvement in Infrastructure Overseas, Flying-Geese Style

When any resource-scarce country reaches a stage of growth where resource-intensive heavy industry becomes a leading growth sector (and lifestyles turn increasingly energyconsuming), it is compelled to seek out resources overseas by making investments in project-specific infrastructure (and even in general-purpose infrastructure to cultivate goodwill). In this regard, a reformulated “flying-geese” paradigm (a stages model) of growth can shed light on such an economic behavior. The advanced West and their TNCs were once aggressively engaged in their hunt for overseas resources and markets under colonialism at the height of their heavy and chemical industrialization during the 19 th -to-the early 20 th century. Japan too followed suit in its drive to build up heavy industry and secure resources abroad. Most recently, China has entered such a growth stage, exhibiting a similar hanker for resources and emerging as a primary financier and developer of infrastructure in developing regions, notably in Africa, as part of its resource-seeking diplomacy.
The Patient with an LVAD Presenting for Non-cardiac Surgery: Perioperative Considerations

Heart failure refractory to medical therapy may be treated by heart transplantation. Given that the need for organs outpaces supply, ventricular assist devices (VADs) were developed to support hemodynamics in the patient with end-stage heart failure. Initially approved only in those patients awaiting transplantation, VADs are now implanted for long-term therapy in patients ineligible for transplantation. Many of these patients may subsequently present for non-cardiac surgery, possibly in a non-transplant center. General anesthesiologists may therefore be expected to care for these patients, especially in an emergency. This review presents an overview of current VADs as well as their unique preoperative and intraoperative anesthetic considerations.
Decomposition of Milk Supply Response into Technology and Price-Induced Effects

An economically relevant aggregate production function and an aggregate profit function are used to decompose milk supply response into technology and price effects. Decomposing milk supply response in this way provides insights into dairy industry efficiency and its impact on the effectiveness of price support programs as well as the extent to which aggregate milk production will expand despite prices motivating supply curtailment. An empirical analysis of supply response decomposition for the state of Washington is presented. Expected market price effects were obtained but were overwhelmed by technology effects resulting in milk output expansion when price signals motivated supply reduction. The U.S. dairy industry has experienced a chronic oversupply of raw milk. Contributing factors include technological advances ranging over bulk milk tanks, automatic detachers, modern wastehandling equipment, automated feeding systems, and better management of the milk cow through DHI (dairy herd improvement) programs and closer monitoring of feeding. Changing levels of input and output prices also are involved. In this paper an economically relevant aggregate production function (ERAPF) for an industry is applied to decompose milk supply re
“HAS THE DARBY‐FELDSTEIN EFFECT BEEN CONFIRMED?:” A COMMENT

In an earlier paper published in this journal, Michael Bond and Gerald Smolen (1986) set out to test for the presence of the Darby‐Feldstein effect. They regressed the nominal rate of taxable long‐term securities on the nominal yield of long‐term tax exempt municipal securities. They conclude that the parameter for the explanatory variable, which is significantly greater than one, serves as proof of the Darby‐Feldstein effect. In addition, the authors maintain that this approach yields the prospects of an inverted Fisher condition irrelevant.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FROG CARCINOMA IN TISSUE CULTURE.

The adenocarcinoma of leopard frogs may be cultivated with ease in plasma media. In such cultures two types of growth occur with regularity. The first is in the form of tubules which promptly grow out in the solid medium and retain their tubular form as long as they remain completely enveloped by plasma. When, however, they make contact with the surface of the glass, they adhere to it, the part in contact becomes flat, and its cells now grow no longer as tubules but as membranes. The manner of growth in vitro resembles the growth of transplants of the same tumor in the anterior chamber of the living eye, thus suggesting that in each case the habit of growth is determined by the same morphogenetic factors, i.e. those inherent in the cells themselves, and those depending on interfacial forces. The malignant cells of the frog carcinoma have the attributes which in general distinguish malignant cells from normal cells of corresponding type. In comparison with adult kidney cells, their normal homologues, the conspicuous properties of frog carcinoma cells are: larger and more variable size and shape of cell body, of nucleus, and nucleolus; coarser and denser structure of cytoplasm, of nucleoplasm, and of nuclear membrane; increase in number of mitochondria, and more frequent occurrence of mitosis. These cytological characteristics remain unaltered in cultures maintained for as long as six months. Frog carcinoma is a transmissible disease due to an agent which induces inclusion bodies, and which has other attributes indicating that it is a virus. The general correspondence in character between its cells and the malignant cells of mammalian tumors of diverse origin suggests that neoplastic phenomena are essentially alike, no matter in what group of animals they occur or what their causal factors may be.
A theoretical study of the acetate 13C chemical shift tensor in cadmium acetate dihydrate

Abstract Theoretical calculations of the 13 C chemical shielding tensor were completed on different fragments of the crystal structure of cadmium acetate dihydrate using the GIAO method. The calculations show the need for including intermolecular interactions in order to reproduce the experimental 13 C chemical shift tensors of charged species. When a large enough fragment of the crystal is included in the calculation, the RMS difference between the experimental and the theoretical chemical shift tensor is 7 ppm, in comparison to differences of 64–20 ppm for calculations on isolated acetate anions and on cadmium acetate with and without waters of hydration. This RMS difference of 7 ppm is comparable to that obtained by calculations on neutral organic molecules, completed using similar computational approaches but without the inclusion of any intermolecular interactions.
SYMPATHOLYTIC DRUGS AND HYPERLIPAEMIA INDUCED IN RATS BY INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTIONS OF SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENT

Hyperlipaemia and hypercholesterolaemia were induced in white rats by intraperitoneal injections of tyloxapol. Various sympatholytics and adrenolytics, including blocking agents of β-receptors, were given simultaneously with tyloxapol. Bretylium tosylate prevented the increase in the serum levels of esterified fatty acids and cholesterol caused by tyloxapol. Phentolamine decreased the enhancement by tyloxapol of cholesterol and total lipid concentrations in the serum. Guanethidine and phenoxybenzamine reduced the increase in the concentration of esterified fatty acids, whereas dichloroisoprenaline insignificantly increased the tyloxapol-induced hyperlipaemia. A small dose of pronethalol slightly increased the esterified fatty acid level in tyloxapol-treated animals; a large dose significantly decreased the serum cholesterol concentration.
Research on Prediction Analysis Method about the Taxi Demand of Tourist City with Seasonal Fluctuation

The determination of taxi demand in tourist city is affected by seasonal changes. It presents peaks and troughs so it is difficult to be predicted. On the basis of analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of existing forecast methods, this paper puts forward modified supply and demand balance method and ratio method to forecast taxi demand and then discusses the methods of dealing with seasonal fluctuations.
Appreciative Inquiry and Autonomy-Supportive Classes in Business Education: A Semilongitudinal Study of AI in the Classroom.

In this article, we describe 10 separate classroom experiences where an appreciative inquiry (AI) exercise was used for course creation. Post-exercise surveys of students showed that the AI exercise was perceived to be a successful practice. Students indicated putting effort toward reaching their peak learning experience and were satisfied with the course. Because students aided in the design of how the course material would be covered, they were more motivated to participate and thus helped construct an autonomy-supportive classroom. Implications for practice and issues for how collective course construction can foster growth mind-sets and release students’ imaginations toward what was possible in the classroom are discussed.
Flow Induced Vibration of an Axisymmetric Flow Between Two Parallel Disks

A system of parallel disks may be cooled by passing a fluid between these disks. Depending on the disk geometries, their distance, mechanical properties and fluid velocity, the disks may be subjected to transverse vibration which may be damped or become unstable. There are number of papers on the flow induced vibration in pipes with various boundary conditions addressing their transverse vibration characteristics. However, there is very little information on the vibration characteristics of disks with axisymmetric fluid flow in between. The equation of motion of two parallel disks with an axisymmetric flow in between is developed using Hamiltonian principle. In the initial phase of this study, it was assumed that two plates move in the same direction, thus maintaining their initial gap. The governing equations are non-dimensionalized and the effects of plates moment of inertia, density, geometry and fluid velocity on the dynamic response of the plates are obtained.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Controlling the speed and direction of molecular motors that replicate DNA

The advent of techniques to detect and manipulate individual molecules has revealed that mechanical tension on a DNA polymer can control both the speed and direction of the DNA polymerase (DNAp) motor. Reconciling the interpretation of these single molecule experiments with crystal structural data has been the focus of our previous work. In more recent work, we are developing a more broadly applicable conceptual framework to describe how tension on a DNA polymer can produce both the "tuning" and "switching" phenomena observed in DNA polymerase motors. The chief aims are to elucidate the mechanism by which DNA replication is controlled in cells and to seek novel strategies for controlling molecular scale processes and the function of nanodevices.
The Motive to Avoid Success in 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th Grade High-Achieving Girls.

AbstractThe hypothesis that a motive to avoid success (M-s) exists in high-achieving 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th grade girls was investigated. Eighty-five black and white Ss responded to verbal TAT-like stimuli. Scores, treated by chi square, supported the hypothesis that the M-s is prevalent in high-achieving girls and is positively correlated with increasing grade level. However, the M-s was not found to be correlated with race.
P300, cognitive capability, and personality: A correlational study of university undergraduates

Abstract The P300 (P3) event-related brain potential (ERP) was elicited with auditory stimuli in a large random sample (n = 54) of university undergraduates, with equal numbers of each gender assessed. Target stimulus probability was varied in different conditions and peak amplitude and latency measures were correlated with a variety of psychometric measures including the Raven's Matrices test, Myers-Briggs, and Eysenck Personality inventories. Grade point average was correlated negatively with P3 latency, although no relationship was obtained between the ERP values and Raven's Matrices scores. Some personality indices were found to be associated moderately with ERP values, but these effects were generally weak. Female subjects produced larger P3 amplitudes compared to males overall. The results suggest that normal undergraduate subjects do not produce strong changes in P3 measures as a function of specific cognitive capabilities or personality variation.
Hemoglobin level and ischemic heart disease: relationship to known risk factors.

Abstract The data collected on 1,859 male participants of the Los Angeles Heart Study were analyzed to examine the relationship between hemoglobin level and several ischemic heart disease risk factors. Significant associations between hemoglobin and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, body weight, and smoking in white males of this sample were revealed; hemoglobin increased with the increase of each of these variables. In addition, a trend of increasing hemoglobin with less physical activity was observed. No relationship was found between hemoglobin, stress, and electrocardiographic abnormalities. These findings imply that further investigations through prospective studies of the possible association of hemoglobin and the incidence of ischemic heart disease, either independently or jointly with other factors, are indicated.
Brief comments on perturbation theory of a nonsymmetric matrix: The GF matrix

Perturbation theory for nonsymmetric matrices is discussed for the GF matrix for molecular vibrations. As a simple extension of early results, two approaches are given: one a direct diagonalization of the nonsymmetric matrix, the other a presymmetrization. Presymmetrization of the GF matrix, well known for ΔF, is also described here for ΔG. It permits the use of standard perturbation theory for symmetric matrices. Application of the second-order expression for the ΔG case to the determination of the frequencies of many ozone isotopomers is given elsewhere.
Design Considerations for a Direct Digitally Modulated WLAN Transmitter With Integrated Phase Path and Dynamic Impedance Modulation

A 65-nm digitally modulated polar TX for WLAN 802.11g is fully integrated along with baseband digital filtering. The TX employs dynamic impedance modulation to improve efficiency at back-off powers. High-bandwidth phase modulation is achieved efficiently with an open-loop architecture. Operating from 1.2-V/1-V supplies, the TX delivers 16.8 dBm average power at -28-dB EVM with 24.5% drain efficiency, 22% PAE, 19.3% system efficiency, and 247-mW power consumption including the entire on-chip TX chain; the noise floor is -125 dBm/Hz at 200-MHz offset without external filtering.
Classifier system for learning spatial representations based on a Pebble_Pond morphological wave-propagation algorithm

Pebble_Pond performs morphologically based wave propagation on an input set of points on the plane, with the points corresponding to the locations of detected image features. The waves are allowed to pass through each other, resulting in an complex evolving state space from which can be obtained a diverse class of non-planar spatial measures and structures, e.g., all k nearest neighbors, k-th order Voronoi tessellations, and k-th order Gabriel graphs. One perspective on Pebble_Pond is that it takes spatial structure and transforms it into temporal structure. That is, at each iteration in the wave propagation, measures on the state space reflect spatial structure at the scale corresponding to the current iteration. Thus, at each iteration all measures obtained (in parallel) from the state space report on all spatial relations falling within the distance that the waves have propagated. This paper investigates how particular measures of the underlying state space can be used to provide basic input to a spatial learning system. The learning system to be described is based on induction via classifier systems that are modified by bucket-brigade and genetic algorithms. Classifier systems are especially useful in environments where pattern recognition actions at given time steps need to be linked with related pattern recognition actions occurring at latter time steps. This paper will describe how a classifier system can be built which exploits the parallelism and temporal ordering of the measures that arise out of the basic Pebble_Pond algorithm.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An assessment of four‐noded plate finite elements based on a generalized third‐order theory

Plate finite elements based on the generalized third-order theory of Reddy and the first-order shear deformation theory are analyzed and compared on the basis of thick and thin plate modeling behavior, distortion sensitivity, overall accuracy, reliability, and efficiency. In particular, several four-noded Reddy-type elements and the nine-noded Lagrangian and heterosis (Mindlin-type) plate elements are analyzed to assess their behavior in bending, vibration, and stability of isotropic and laminated composite plates. A four-noded Reddy-type element is identified which is free of all spurious stiffness and zero energy modes, computationally efficient, and suitable for use in any general-purpose finite element program.
Lipoma of the large intestine: a review of 45 cases.

We have reported the cases of 45 patients treated for lipoma of the colon in a 20-year period. We recommend surgical intervention in all cases, primarily to establish the differential diagnosis from the more common primary colonic carcinoma or adenomatous polyp, and secondarily to obviate possible intussusception or obstruction.
Rapid accumulation of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells at the tumor site is associated with long-term control of SV40 T antigen-induced tumors.

We previously established a model to study CD8(+) T cell (T(CD8))-based adoptive immunotherapy of cancer using line SV11 mice that develop choroid plexus tumors in the brain due to transgenic expression of Simian Virus 40 large T antigen (Tag). These mice are tolerant to the three dominant T(CD8)-recognized Tag epitopes I, II/III and IV. However, adoptive transfer of spleen cells from naive C57BL/6 (B6) mice prolongs SV11 survival following T(CD8) priming against the endogenous Tag epitope IV. In addition, survival of SV11 mice is dramatically increased following transfer of lymphocytes from Tag-immune B6 mice. In the current study, we compared the kinetics and magnitude of Tag-specific T(CD8) accumulation at the tumor site following adoptive transfer with a high dose of either Tag-immune or naive donor cells or decreasing doses of Tag-immune lymphocytes. Following adoptive transfer of Tag-immune cells, epitope I- and IV-specific T(CD8) accumulated to high levels in the brain of SV11 mice, peaking at 5-7 days, while epitope IV-specific T(CD8 )derived from naive donors required three weeks to achieve peak levels. A similar delay in the peak of epitope IV-specific T(CD8) accumulation was observed when tenfold fewer Tag-immune donor cells were administered, reducing control of tumor progression. These results suggest that efficient and prolonged control of established autochthonous tumors is associated with high-level early accumulation of adoptively transferred T cells. We also provide evidence that although multiple specificities are represented in the Tag immune donor lymphocytes, epitope IV-specific donor T(CD8) play a predominant role in control of tumor growth.
Initial characterization and separation of hyperglycemic (diabetogenic) hormone from the crustacean eyestalk

Abstract The hyperglycemic hormone (HGH) of the crustacean eyestalk causes a striking increase in glucose concentration in the blood of crustaceans within 2 hours after injection. HGH in aqueous solution is destroyed by heating at 100°C for 2 minutes, is not dialyzable through cellophane, and is inactivated by several proteolytic enzymes. Purification schemes were therefore developed on the basis that HGH is a protein. Aqueous extract of powdered eyestalks of Pandalus borealis is treated with acetone, ammonium sulfate, and the activity precipitated at pH 4.5. This precipitate, obtained from an extract of 1,000 eyestalks, is dissolved and chromatographed on Sephadex G-100 to give an active fraction in which the protein content is about 5 mg. The final preparation is not homogeneous.
Series solution of the three-dimensional elasticity problem of a layer☆

Abstract Series solution in cylindrical co-ordinates of the traction boundary value problems of an infinite, elastic layer with body forces and arbitrary temperature distribution is presented. This is accomplished by means of certain Fourier expansions as well as a simultaneous expansion of two functions in a set of complex eigenfunctions. The solution is in close form which may be extended to displacement and some mixed boundary value problems of a layer. The axisymmetric problem of compression of a layer is reconsidered. The series solution obtained for this case is shown to be equivalent to the integral transform solution of Sneddon. The solutions of the following nonaxisymmetric problems of a layer subjected to forces parallel to the middle plane are also given here: 1. (i) Shear stresses distributed uniformly over a circle on the surfaces. 2. (ii) A concentrated force in the middle plane. 3. (iii) Concentrated forces on the surfaces. 4. (iv) Forces distributed over a line normal to the middle plane.
Dynamic nuclear actin assembly by Arp2/3 complex and a baculovirus WASP-like protein

Diverse bacterial and viral pathogens induce actin polymerization in the cytoplasm of host cells to facilitate infection. Here, we describe a pathogenic mechanism for promoting dynamic actin assembly in the nucleus to enable viral replication. The baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus induced nuclear actin polymerization by translocating the host actin-nucleating Arp2/3 complex into the nucleus, where it was activated by p78/83, a viral Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-like protein. Nuclear actin assembly by p78/83 and Arp2/3 complex was essential for viral progeny production. Recompartmentalizing dynamic host actin may represent a conserved mode of pathogenesis and reflect viral manipulation of normal functions of nuclear actin.
Infant outcomes of certified nurse midwife attended home births: United States 2000 to 2004.

Infant outcomes of certified nurse midwife attended home births: United States 2000 to 2004
SOME MORPHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF STRYCHNINE ON THE SPINAL CORD: A LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY.

Adult rats, given intracardiac injections of strychnine (2.5 mg/kg), were allowed to convulse for periods of 5 or 35 minutes after which they were perfused with osmium tetroxide using a variation of Palay's method. Light and electron microscopic examinations revealed no discernible changes in the size of the soma or appearance of the nuclei or nucleoli of the neurons of the ventral horn. However, light microscopic studies showed that clustering of the basophilic content was not as well defined as in the control cells. The most conspicuous feature of the treated material was the presence of a peripheral network of clear spaces in the cytoplasm of many of the large neurons. An electron microscopic investigation showed that many neurons exhibited obvious and consistent cytoplasmic differences from control cells. These differences consisted of dilated endoplasmic spaces approximately 0.4 μ in diameter dispersed throughout the cytoplasm and devoid of material of appreciable density. The Golgi complex was more conspicuous and vesicles surrounding the complex appeared to be more numerous following the convulsive periods. These cytological changes were more extensive and prominent after 35 minutes than after five minutes. Mitochondria were comparable in appearance to those of control cells and vesicles of the axosomatic and axodendritic endings did not seem to differ structurally or numerically from those of control tissues.
Use of Bacteriophage φX174 Replicative from Progeny DNA as Templates for Transcription

The synthesis of φX174-specific RNA has been studied in infected cells in which the thymine of the viral (+) strand of the parental RF*, of the complementary (−) strand of the parental RF, or of both strands of the progeny RF molecules has been replaced with 5-bromouracil (5 BU). By irradiation of such cells with UV light at a wavelength of 313 nm it was possible to affect, specifically, the 5 BU-labeled strands. When the progeny RF molecules contain thymine, irradiation has no effect upon the synthesis of viral-specific RNA, regardless of 5 BU substitution in either strand of parental RF. If, however, progeny RF is labeled with 5 BU, irradiation produces a major decrease of viral RNA synthesis. It is concluded that many progeny RF molecules can serve as templates for transcription at late times of infection. Irradiation, prior to RF replication, of cells in which, particularly, the complementary strand of RF contains 5 BU, appears to decrease the ability of the parental RF to replicate.
A 3′ enhancer is required for temporal and tissue-specific transcriptional activation of the chicken adult β -globin gene

The chicken adult β-globin gene is one of the more intensively investigated developmentally regulated loci in higher eukaryotes. Detailed molecular analysis of the locus1,2 allows precise examination of the chromosomal changes that occur on activation of the gene during erythroid maturation. The best studied of these changes are the acquisition of DNase I hypersensitivity3,4, developmentally correlated alteration of CpG-specific cytosine methylation patterns5,6 and in vitro assembly of erythroid-specific protein complexes 5′ to the gene that mimics in vivo creation of the 5′ DNase I hypersensitive ‘region’ lying 60 to 260 nucleotides 5′ to the β-globin cap site in red blood cell chromatin7–9. Here we demonstrate that proximal β-globin DNA sequences lying >112 base pairs (bp) 5′ to the cap site are not involved in determining the erythroid-specific induction characteristics of this gene in transient expression assays, whereas an enhancer sequence within a 300-bp PvuII fragment lying ∼400 nucleotides 3′ to the polyadenylation signal is intimately involved in determining the erythroid cell specificity and correct time of induction of β-globin transcription during red cell maturation.
Localization of striatal excitatory amino acid binding site subtypes to striatonigral projection neurons

Quantitative autoradiography was used to examine the cellular localization of excitatory amino acid binding sites in the striatum following selective lesion of striatonigral projection neurons, Degeneration of striatonigral neurons was induced unilaterally by injection of the suicide transport toxin, volkensin, into the left substantia nigra. Twelve days following nigral volkensin injection there was a reduction of all excitatory amino acid binding site subtypes in the striatum ipsilateral to the injected nigra. The reduction in N-methyI-D-aspartate (NMDA) binding sites was significantly greater than the loss of D,L.a.amino.3.hydro~-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic acid (AMPA), kainate and metabotropic binding. These results indicate that there are NMDA, AMPA, metabotropic and kainate binding sites on striatonigral projection neurons and suggest that the NMDA subtype may be selectively enriched on striatonigrai neurons. The m~tin afferent component of the basal ganglia is the striatum, which receives a massive cortical projection thought to be excitatory amino acidergic (EAAergic) I. EAAs act on at least four subtypes of EAA receptors classified on the basis of their pharmacological properties into N.methyI-D-aspartate (NMDA), V,L.a.amino.3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4proprionic acid (AMPA), metabotropic (MET) and kainate (KA) receptors 34. Autoradiographic studies have identified high levels of all of these EAA receptor subtypes within the striatum I. Although it has been suggested that there are presynaptic EAA receptors in the striatum s'~, the majority of striatal EAA binding sites appear to be localized post-synaptically on striatal neurons ~4. Anatomical studies have shown that the striatum is composed predominently of output neurons 25. Two major populations of striatal projection neurons have been characterized on the basis of target structure; globus pallidus (GP) and substantia nigra (SN) 12'21'22'26. However, the localization of EAA receptor subtypes to specific populations of striatal neurons has not been determined. In the present study, we used
Ultraviolet wing signal affects territorial contest outcome in a sexually dimorphic damselfly

Ultraviolet (UV) reflectance and UV vision are both common among animals and are known to function in mate choice and male–male competition among numerous vertebrates. In comparison, examples of functional UV reflectance among invertebrates are scarce. In a territorial damselfly (Megaloprepus caerulatus), data from natural territorial contests indicated that males assessed the male wing band of rivals. We investigated the functions of (1) UV reflectance of the male-specific white wing band in territorial contests by staging contests between size- and age-matched, control and UV-reduced males, and (2) UV reflectance of the female-specific wing tip in sex recognition by presenting control and UV-reduced females to territorial males. Results showed that males whose UV reflectance of the white wing bands was reduced were more likely to lose contests. This effect dissipated late in the reproductive season, when breeding sites typically decrease in value. UV reflectance of the female wing tips did not affect male sex recognition, nor did it affect the detectability of a female at a male territory. Our study provides the first direct evidence from invertebrates, and one of the few among all animals, that UV reflectance of wing ornamentation affects the outcome of male contests in the field.