cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Smithsonian Team Flickr: a library, archives, and museums collaboration in web 2.0 space

The Flickr Commons was created as a forum for institutions to share their rich photographic collections with the emerging Web 2.0 audience of Flickr; the Smithsonian Institution was the fourth member of the Commons. The Smithsonian effort was a direct collaborative effort of the libraries, archives, museums, and information technology staff that generated new pathways for collaboration between these units. As the world’s largest museum complex, these Smithsonian units serve as a microcosm for collaboration in the information age. The Flickr Commons project provided insights into how the knowledge, skills, and abilities of libraries, archives, and museums (LAM) can converge in the Web 2.0 environment to provide collection access to new, and in some cases unknown, audiences. Simultaneously, by putting “LAM” content into an environment that allows for direct interaction by these audiences, the knowledge of the content for holding institutions is enriched. By exposing Smithsonian content within the Flickr environment, the Institution is learning what content is desired by the Web 2.0 world, how to bring crowd-sourcing into professionally curated collections, and how to bring diverse institutional skills together in a collaborative project.
Bounds on Effectiveness of Driver Hours-of-Service Regulations for Freight Motor Carriers

Crash rates for trucks depend in part on the length of time drivers have been operating their vehicles. This paper investigates bounds on the reduction in crash rates due to the imposition of hours-of-service regulations, which limit the number of hours drivers operate their vehicles. Methods for analyzing probability distributions for trip length, and odds ratios for crashes (as a function of hours driven) are developed. We also produce bounds on the economic costs of truck-involved collisions, and estimate changes in these costs due to changes in hours-of-service rules. The study is a first step toward a broader cost/benefit analysis of regulations, based on analysis of data from the fatal accident reporting system (FARS). Language: en
Analyzing the Effectiveness of Continuing Professional Education: An Exploratory Study:

Previous research has demonstrated that some CPE programs result in improved performance and others fail to do so. This ambiguous conclusion about the effectiveness of CPE is not helpful to practit...
THE EFFECT OF POLY-L-LYSINE ON THE UPTAKE OF REOVIRUS DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA IN MACROPHAGES IN VITRO

The effect of polycations on cultured mouse peitoneal macrophages has been examined. Polycations, at concentrations greater than 5 µg/ml, are toxic for macrophages) as measured by failure of the cells to exclude vital dyes. At toxic concentrations polycations bind in large amounts to nuclei and endoplasmic reticulum, while at nontoxic levels polycations bind selectively to the cell surface. Nontoxic concentrations of polycations stimulate binding of reovirus double-stranded (ds) RNA to the macrophages by forming polycation-dsRNA complexes either in the medium or at the cell surface. These complexes enter the cell in endocytic vacuoles and are concentrated in secondary lysosomes. Despite exposure to the acid hydrolases within this cell compartment, the dsRNA and the polycation (poly-L-lysine) are conserved in a macromolecular form within the vacuolar system. The mechanism(s) by which the uptake of infectious nucleic acids and the induction of interferon by dsRNA are stimulated by polycations are discussed.
Transient analysis of an FHR coupled to a helium Brayton power cycle

The Fluoride salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor (FHR) features a passive decay heat removal system and a high-efficiency Brayton cycle for electricity generation. It typically employs an intermediate loop, consisting of an intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) and a secondary heat exchanger (SHX), to couple the primary system with the power conversion unit (PCU). In this study, a preliminary dynamic system model is developed to simulate transient characteristics of a prototypic 20-MWth Fluoride salt-cooled High-temperature Test Reactor (FHTR). The model consists of a series of differential conservation equations that are numerically solved using the MATLAB platform. For the reactor, a point neutron kinetics model is adopted. For the IHX and SHX, a fluted tube heat exchanger and an offset strip-fin heat exchanger are selected, respectively. Detailed geometric parameters of each component in the FHTR are determined based on the FHTR nominal steady-state operating conditions. Three initiating events are simulated in this study, including a positive reactivity insertion, a step increase in the mass flow rate of the PCU helium flow, and a step increase in the PCU helium inlet temperature to the SHX. The simulation results show that the reactor has inherent safety features for those three simulated scenarios. It is observed thatmore » the increase in the temperatures of the fuel pebbles and primary coolant is mitigated by the decrease in the reactor power due to negative temperature feedbacks. The results also indicate that the intermediate loop with the two heat exchangers plays a significant role in the transient progression of the integral reactor system.« less
Continuous alfentanil infusion in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia for complete oral restoration

Abstract Study Objective: To study the safety and efficacy of continuous alfentanil infusions in children. Design: Randomized open study. Setting: Outpatient pediatric anesthesia at a university medical center. Patients: Forty pediatric patients aged 2 to 12 years about to undergo anesthesia for complete oral restoration. Interventions: Twenty patients were anesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and 20 patients were anesthetized with N 2 O and a 100 μg/kg bolus of alfentanil followed by a continuous alfentanil infusion. Measurements and Main Results: Hemodynamic measurements, emergence times, and postoperative side effects were measured. Hemodynamic stability was maintained in both groups. Although children emerged faster and were extubated earlier when anesthetized with alfentanil, they required longer times until they could be discharged from the outpatient anesthesia area. Children anesthetized with alfentanil had a higher occurrence of postoperative emesis compared with children anesthetized with halothane. These differences, however, were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Alfentanil appears to be a safe anesthetic. The reason for prolonged discharge time in the alfentanil-anesthetized patient is unclear, but it may be related to postoperative vomiting.
Cathode-Coupled Wide-Band Amplifiers

A general analysis indicates that, in wide-band amplifiers, stable operation is possible with triodes in circuits using the cathode as a signal terminal. The amplification, however, is approximately equal only to the square root of that available with grounded-cathode amplifier, and therefore twice as many tube units are required to obtain the same amplification. In certain applications, however, the utility of such circuits outweighs the loss of gain. A simple radio-frequency amplifier was designed for television receivers, using a cathode-input circuit. By combining a cathodeoutput and a cathode-input stage using one single twin-triode tube, a circuit was devised which compares favorably with pentode stages with respect to gain, stability, and economy, while it has far superior noise characteristics. The new circuit, called the "cathode-coupled twin-triode" amplifier, provides greater flexibility than conventional amplifier circuits, and can be used for radio-frequency, intermediatefrequency, video, converter, or detector services. Since the same tube type can also be used for synchronizing and deflection circuits, the number of tube types can be materially reduced, and greater standardization with further economical advantages may be obtained. An interesting application of the new circuit is a novel bidirectional amplifier.
Detecting summer rainfall enhancement within metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia USA

This paper presents a methodology for detecting summer rainfall enhancement within a metropolitan area. The chosen study domain is the Atlanta, Georgia USA metropolitan area, and the time period covers summer (i.e. June–August) seasons from 1949 to 2005. In order to determine if observed heavy-rainfall frequencies at nine candidate stations in the metropolitan area are enhanced, predicted frequencies are derived from heavy-rainfall frequencies at seven reference stations located more than 50 km from downtown Atlanta. Both parametric and non-parametric tests are used to test for significant differences between observed frequencies and predicted frequencies within 29 overlapping 30 year periods (i.e. climatological periods). Norcross, which was ∼30 km northeast of downtown Atlanta and thus was typically downwind of urbanized Atlanta on heavy-rainfall days at all candidate stations, was the only station to exhibit significant rainfall enhancement. The final ten climatological periods exhibited enhancement, with observed frequencies of ≥ 30 mm days for those periods being at least 20% larger than predicted frequencies. It is hoped the methods employed in this paper can be used in other metropolitan areas. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Design and characterization of a chimeric ferritin with enhanced iron loading and transverse NMR relaxation rate

This paper describes the design and characterization of a novel ferritin chimera. The iron storage protein ferritin forms a paramagnetic ferrihydrite core. This biomineral, when placed in a magnetic field, can decrease the transverse NMR relaxation times (T (2) and T (2)*) of nearby mobile water protons. Ferritin nucleic acid constructs have recently been studied as "probeless" magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reporters. Following reporter expression, ferritin sequesters endogenous iron and imparts hypointensity to T (2)- and T (2)*-weighted images in an amount proportional to the ferritin iron load. Wild-type ferritin consists of various ratios of heavy H and light L subunits, and their ratio affects ferritin's stability and iron storage capacity. We report a novel chimeric ferritin with a fixed subunit stoichiometry obtained by fusion of the L and the H subunits (L*H and H*L) using a flexible linker. We characterize these supramolecular ferritins expressed in human cells, including their iron loading characteristics, hydrodynamic size, subcellular localization, and effect on solvent water T (2) relaxation rate. Interestingly, we found that the L*H chimera exhibits a significantly enhanced iron loading ability and T (2) relaxation compared to wild-type ferritin. We suggest that the L*H chimera may be useful as a sensitive MRI reporter molecule.
Between a rock and a hard place: managing diversity in a shareholder society

This study examines whether the appointment of racial/ethnic minorities into top management positions has a different impact on share price than the appointment of Caucasians into equivalent positions. Our dependent variable is the degree of change in share price following the announcement of racial/ethnic minority and Caucasian men into senior management positions. Market reaction to the naming of racial/ethnic minorities into corporate leadership positions is significant and negative, while the market's reaction to the naming of Caucasians is significant and positive. However, the negative market reaction to the appointment of racial/ethnic minorities into top management positions is mitigated in those firms that have explicitly incorporated diversity into their strategic growth plan. Our findings suggest that to successfully introduce diversity into upper management, firm decision makers must first signal the importance of diversity to market actors.
Use of Choral and Individual Attentional Responses with Constant Time Delay when Teaching Sight Word Reading

This study evaluated using choral and individual attentional responses with a constant time delay procedure in teaching students with mild handicaps to read sight words. Each student learned a different set of words; a choral spelling attentional response (i.e., all students simultaneously spelled the word before the target student read it) was used with half of the words, and an individual spelling attentional response (i.e., only the target student spelled the word before reading it) was used with the other half. Constant time delay was used to teach all words. Students were assessed on reading their words, reading others words, (i.e., observational learning), and spelling all words (i.e., incidental learning). A multipleprobe design across behaviors was used to evaluate the procedures. The results indicate that (a) constant time delay was implemented reliably and was effective in teaching word reading with minimal errors, (b) words taught with an individual spelling attentional response were learned in...
TORTILLA-MAKING CHARACTERISTICS OF MICRONIZED SORGHUM AND CORN FLOURS

Micronizing is a dry heat process using gas fired infra-red burners to heat. grain almost to the point of eversion followed by rolling through corrugated steel rollers. Various levels of micronized pearled sorghum (MPS) were substituted for commercial corn tortilla flour. 20% of MPS produced tortillas with acceptable color, flavor, and texture. Pliability of the dough was enhanced due to greater water absorption of MPS. Micronized corn tortillas, texture and rollability compared well to tortillas from a commercial corn tortilla flour and from white corn. Alkali added to the micronized corn increased yellowness, pH, and flavor with a simultaneous darkening. In a 5-day storage study, commercial corn flour tortillas deteriorated in quality rapidly. Storage at 37° C kept the micronized corn and traditional tortillas more flexible than storage at room temperature.
Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Magnesium Coatings

In this work, we report on the electroplating of ultrafine and uniform magnesium (Mg) films on copper (Cu) and carbon nanotube (CNT) paper substrates. By controlling the process parameters and util...
Sorbents for removal of Lead compounds from hot flue gases

Since strict regulations have been placed prohibiting the placement of hazardous wastes in landfills, incineration is emerging as the principal and most attractive alternative for disposal of hazardous wastes. Incineration of waste offers various advantages including conversion of toxic organic components of hazardous wastes to harmless or less harmful forms, reduction in volume, and means of energy recovery. Unfortunately, since metals are not destroyed during the incineration process, toxic metal particles or vapors are generated as byproducts when wastes containing these metals are incinerated. A significant fraction of volatile compounds of toxic metals like lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and selenium, are emitted as vapor or fine particles. Nonvolatile toxic metal compounds are released with the ash and also require safe disposal.
Evaluating the surface density and heterogeneity of a dithiobis (succinimidylpropionate) self-assembled monolayer on gold and its coupling with DNA embedded within a matrix

Abstract The homogeneity of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a surface is an important parameter which affects the ability of a SAM to fulfill its intended function. As an example, SAMs formed from octanethiols can form an impermeable surface, while SAMs based on a bifunctional coupling reagent can form a surface with uniform reactivity. Exposure of gold nanoparticles or gold surfaces to solutions of dithiobis (succinimidylpropionate) (DSP) gives rise to a surface which can react with DNA. Atomic force microscopy, UV–vis and gel electrophoresis experiments indicate that a self-assembled monolayer of DSP on gold nanoparticles can attenuate aggregation, inhibit the “lying down” of covalently-bound single-stranded (ss) DNA and promote more efficient hybridization. The determination of the point of aggregation after reacting DSP with colloidal gold yields 2.86 × 10−10 mol/cm2 or 42% of the value determined from molecular modeling. Cyclic voltammetry experiments validate that DSP on a gold quartz crystal (6.3 × 10−10 mol/cm2) forms a fairly uniform SAM that is within 94% of maximum coverage when compared with results obtained from molecular modeling (6.67 × 10−10 mol/cm2). Surface plasmon resonance experiments indicate that the reaction of a DSP coated gold surface with (ss) DNA yields 2.4 × 10−12 mol/cm2 or reaction with about 1% of the available surface area. Subsequent reactions of the DSP surface with the filler, n-boc-1,4-phenylene diamine (n-boc), yield a total surface coverage of 1.8 × 10−11 mol/cm2. The surrounded (ss) DNA yields a surface with 97% hybridization efficiency toward the complement.
Sexual Identities, Queer Politics. Edited by Mark Blasius. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001. 382p. $60.00 cloth, $19.95 paper. Sexual Strangers: Gays, Lesbians, and the Dilemmas of Citizenship. By Shane Phelan. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2001. 232p. $59.50 cloth, $18.95 paper.

Shane Phelan and Mark Blasius have played a leading role in the development of a lesbian, bisexual, gay, and transgender (LBGT) literature within political science, and their most recent texts enrich both this specialized field and the study of politics as a whole. Phelan's investigation of citizenship begins with the claim that LBGT people are “strangers” in American society. According to Zygmunt Bauman (Zygmunt Bauman, Modernity and Ambivalence , 1991), the Jews in European history were strangers. Neither friend nor enemy, they were treated as an ambiguous and shifting figure of otherness that marked the boundary between us and them, but at the same time calling into question the very possibility of such a clear exclusionary division. Critical readings of anti-Semitic discourse can be quite fruitful for the study of homophobia because the demonized subject in both cases is an enemy within who is simultaneously excessively present but invisible; powerful and threatening but harmless and effeminate; physically close but spiritually remote; embodying the highest intellectual and aesthetic values but expressing modern urban decadence and decay, circulating in “mainstream” society and seductively corrupting the innocent, but shunning “mainstream” society and remaining an unassimilated difference within its own separatist cultural enclave. Phelan puts Bauman's stranger trope to good use as she explores the complex positioning of LBGT people in American official discourse and culture.
Forms of Value Systems: Focus on Organizational Effectiveness and Cultural Change and Maintenance

The study of organizational culture may benefit from a focus on shared values, one of its measurable core elements. A typology of value systems based on the content (functional-elitist) and source (traditional-charismatic leadership) of values permits a contingency approach for the analysis of the emergence, change, and maintenance of a culture as well as the contributions culture makes to organizational effectiveness.
CRIME, URBAN POVERTY, AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

Todd R. Clear, Imprisoning Communities: How Mass Incarceration Makes Disadvantaged Neighborhoods Worse. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. 255 pages, ISBN: 978-0-19-538720-9. Paper, 25.95.In recent years, sociologists have conducted enormously important research on the intersection of urban poverty, crime, and the racial divide. Quantitative stratification sociologist Bruce Western provides a meticulous tracing of the emergence of mass incarceration, tracking its steady development and identifying how and why—both economically and politically—this trend has fallen so heavily on low-income Black communities (Western 2006). Quantitative stratification sociologist Devah Pager carries out remarkably innovative and compelling field experiments showing the terrible toll incarceration takes on the employment prospects and, therefore, the greater life chances of former felons, particularly those who are Black (Pager 2007). And the combined efforts of quantitative criminologist Chris Uggen and quantitative political sociologist Jeff Manza reveal the extraordinary distortion of our local and national politics that results from the practice of felon disfranchisement (Manza and Uggen, 2006).
Deterministic and stochastic dynamic modeling of continuous manufacturing systems using analogies to electrical systems

A dynamic system model of continuous manufacturing systems has been developed based on analogies with electrical systems. This model has the capability to model both deterministic and stochastic systems. The model provides physically meaningful governing equations to describe both the steady state and transient responses of continuous manufacturing systems. For stochastic solutions, the model is not limited to any specific probabilistic distribution. The model is demonstrated by application to a representative continuous manufacturing line for both deterministic and stochastic cases. The results of the stochastic case are compared to those from a discrete event simulation tool using a paired t-test at the 95% confidence level. For some results, the difference is statistically insignificant. For others, there is a statistically significant difference. However, in both cases the percentage difference is within a reasonable range.
The Myth of Black Sports Supremacy.

What accounts for the overwhelming success of the Black athlete in American sport in the past few decades? This is a very legitimate question to raise about the sports world today, in that Black Americans constitute only 12% of the population in the United States yet are overrepresented in collegiate and professional sport. For example, Black athletes represent 21% of professional baseball players, 73% of the athletes participating in the National Basketball Association, and 57% of the athletes participating in the National Football League (Coakley, 1990). In major college sports, approximately 60% of the basketball players and 37% of the football players are Black (American Institutes for Research, 1990). However, while this is true, the converse is also true. Blacks are scarcely represented in the intercollegiate or professional sports of tennis, golf, and ice hockey, or in Olympic skiing, gymnastics, and figure skating. Many researchers and authors have attempted to explain this phenomenon from a number of scientific perspectives. The most revealing and credible explanations emanate from sports sociologists. They claim that specific socialization patterns that include a lack of Black role models, inadequate coaching, absent or inadequate facilities, and the presence of institutionalized discrimination and racism prevent many Blacks from participating in some sports, forcing them to aggregate their numbers in those sports where these barriers are not present and where sports are housed in public facilities and are subsidized by public funding (Coakley, 1990;
A model of hippocampal spiking responses to items during learning of a context-dependent task

Single unit recordings in the rat hippocampus have demonstrated shifts in the specificity of spiking activity during learning of a contextual item-reward association task. In this task, rats received reward for responding to different items dependent upon the context an item appeared in, but not dependent upon the location an item appears at. Initially, neurons in the rat hippocampus primarily show firing based on place, but as the rat learns the task this firing became more selective for items. We simulated this effect using a simple circuit model with discrete inputs driving spiking activity representing place and item followed sequentially by a discrete representation of the motor actions involving a response to an item (digging for food) or the movement to a different item (movement to a different pot for food). We implemented spiking replay in the network representing neural activity observed during sharp-wave ripple events, and modified synaptic connections based on a simple representation of spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity. This simple network was able to consistently learn the context-dependent responses, and transitioned from dominant coding of place to a gradual increase in specificity to items consistent with analysis of the experimental data. In addition, the model showed an increase in specificity toward context. The increase of selectivity in the model is accompanied by an increase in binariness of the synaptic weights for cells that are part of the functional network.
Injection Drug Use Among Stimulant Users in a National Sample

Objective. This study examined the correlates of injection drug use (IDU) in a community sample of psychostimulant users. Factors related to the cessation of illicit drug use and substance abuse se...
Comparing simulation results of SBML capable simulators

Motivation: Simulations are an essential tool when analyzing biochemical networks. Researchers and developers seeking to refine simulation tools or develop new ones would benefit greatly from being able to compare their simulation results. Summary: We present an approach to compare simulation results between several SBML capable simulators and provide a website for the community to share simulation results. Availability: The website with simulation results and additional material can be found under: http://sys-bio.org/sbwWiki/compare. The software used to generate the simulation results is available on the website for download. Contact: fbergman@u.washington.edu
Reflective cholesteric displays from conducting polymer substrates

There is a great deal of interest in reflective cholesteric liquid crystal displays (Ch-LCDs) because they are lightweight, low power flat-panel displays. Furthermore, Ch- LCDs can be made bistable which allows for the manufacture of large area, high-resolution displays without the need for expensive, difficult to manufacture active matrix addressing schemes. Also, the bistability enables flicker-free operation. Currently, these displays are made using glass substrates. However, some applications require rugged (i.e., nonbreakable), flexible displays. The use of a plastic substrate would fulfill these requirements. The transparent metal indium tin oxide (ITO) is currently used as the conducting electrode on glass as well as plastic substrates. While ITO works well with glass, it does not adhere as well to plastic, is brittle, and has a tendency to break under constant bend conditions. In this paper, we investigate substituting the more robust conducting polymer for ITO as the display electrode and determine the feasibility of producing a reflective Ch-LCD using plastic substrates with conducting polymer electrodes.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
DISTRIBUTION OF GABAA AND GABAB RECEPTORS IN MAMMALIAN BRAIN : POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT

Young, A.B., and D. Chu : Distribution of GABA, and GABA, receptors in mammalian brain: potential targets for drug development. Drug Dev. Res. 21 :161-167, 1990. GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. GABA receptors and the metabolism of GABA are significant targets for new centrally acting drugs to treat neurological and behavioral disorders. The simple neutral amino acid is likely to subserve a neurotransmitter role at 25-50% of all synapses in the central nervous system. GABA's actions are mediated by two different receptors, GABA, and GABA, receptors. GABAA receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels that are sensitive to the convulsant alkaloid bicuculline and modulated by benzodiazepines and barbiturates. GABA, receptors affect calcium and potassium conductance through GTP binding proteins and are insensitive to bicuculline and sensitive to the agonist baclofen. Both receptors are widely distributed in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem.
A Hardware Switch Level Simulator for Large MOS Circuits

The HSS is a Hardware Switch level Simulator that has been designed and built to be a useful and cost effective addition to a MOS circuit designers tool set. The HSS is based on the MOSSIM software simulator, but has been further developed to include hardware for simulating pass transistor circuits and for doing timing simulation. By using dynamic RAM for internal list storage, a single HSS processor can accommodate a circuit of up to 262,144 MOS devices. The HSS can be interfaced to a variety of host computers via a general purpose parallel interface, and in its current form offers a 25 times speed improvement compared to MOSSIM II running on a VAX 11-780. Timing mode offers similar speed advantages, with delay calculations that are sufficiently accurate for many simulation tasks.
Future Directions for Beam-Foil Spectroscopy

The beam-foil source has proved to be so useful for the study of atomic energy levels that it is almost trivial to propose a variety of new experiments involving new elements, higher energies, a broader wavelength range, shorter time intervals, pulsed beams, different targets, and new configurations in geometry or external fields. However, what is perhaps not so trivial is to propose experiments for which there is a specific purpose, experiments from which a novel kind of information might be expected. It is from this latter point of view that I shall talk about experiments which seem to offer unusual opportunities to learn new things about atoms.
Personality, family history, and alcohol use among older men: the VA Normative Aging Study.

Background: We examined personality traits (Sociability, Impulsivity, Neuroticism) as mediators of the effects of family history on alcohol outcomes. Methods: A sample of 485 men reported on family history of alcohol problems in 1973, completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory in 1976, and responded to a survey on alcohol use in 1982. Results: Using structural equation modeling, family history was found to have direct effects on number of drinks per day and on the number of alcohol problems, as well as indirect effects mediated through Neuroticism. There were no effects of Sociability or Impulsivity on either alcohol outcome. Conclusions: In this sample of older men, family history had both direct and indirect effects, and personality traits found to affect alcohol outcomes were different from those that have been found in younger men.
Density functional investigation of the electronic structure and charge transfer excited states of a multichromophoric antenna

We report an electronic structure study of a multichromophoric molecular complex containing two of each borondipyrromethane dye, Zn-tetraphenyl-porphyrin, bisphenyl anthracene and a fullerene. The snowflake shaped molecule behaves like an antenna capturing photon at different frequencies and transferring the photon energy to the porphyrin where electron transfer occurs from the porphyrin to the fullerene. The study is performed within density functional formalism using large polarized Guassian basis sets (12,478 basis functions in total). The energies of the HOMO and LUMO states in the complex, as adjudged by the ionization potential and the electron affinity values, show significant differences with respect to their values in participating subunits in isolation. These differences are also larger than the variations of the ionization potential and electron affinity values observed in non-bonded C60–ZnTPP complexes in co-facial arrangement or end-on orientations. An understanding of the origin of these differences is obtained by a systematic study of the effect of structural strain, the presence of ligands, the effect of orbital delocalization on the ionization energy and the electron affinity. Finally, a few lowest charge transfer energies involving electronic transitions from the porphyrin component to the fullerene subunit of the complex are predicted.
The Institutionalization of Marital Inequality: The Case of Same-Sex Marriage

Using Haidt’s Moral Foundations Theory, it is shown that policy decisions are always moral in nature but that progressives and conservatives rely upon different dimensions of morality. However, both progressives and conservatives agree upon the importance of proportionality-related equity and procedural fairness in such decision-making. Accordingly, same-sex marriage is evaluated from the perspective of proportional equity and assessed in parallel with proportional equity applied to veterans’ benefits. Procedural fairness is also considered. Research indicates that heterosexual couples assume a greater number of risks in their relationships compared to same-sex couples and, yet, provide society with some important and distinct benefits. It is concluded that judicial decisions that make same-sex marriage legally or otherwise equivalent to heterosexual marriage will create inequality rather than solving it, with a strong possibility that social forces will operate to restore equity in ways that may increase social dysfunction.
Constant information radar for dynamic shared spectrum access

We derive the constant information radar, or CIR. Previous works developed the notion of a radar estimation rate, a measure of information shared between the true target range and range-rate, and the actual noisy measurement over time. This measure provided a means to compare various cooperative schemes for shared spectrum access for radar and communications (SSPARC). Since it provides a measure of target uncertainty and thus information transfer for a given tracking loop period, it can be used to modulate radar emission rate to minimize shared spectrum impact to communications networks.
Comparing Photogrammetry with a Conventional Displacement Measurement Technique on a 0.5m Square Kaptonì Membrane

A comparison between displacement measurements accomplished using photogrammetry and employing a conventional capacitance type displacement sensor is presented. The capacitance type sensor was designed to measure small amplitude displacement on metallic surfaces. Photogrammetry is a technique used by cartographers that has only recently been applied to studying the surface profile of membranes. Commercially available photogrammetry software provides precision estimates during the analysis but these numbers are often application specific and can be difficult to verify. This study compares measurements of the surface profile of an aluminized, 0.5m square Kapton ® membrane. The data shows good agreement between the two techniques provided there are a sufficient number of targets available for the photogrammetry analysis.
Novel Hierarchical Cerium-Incorporated MFI Zeolite Catalysts for the Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass

We report the synthesis of a new multifunctional mesoporous zeolite catalyst with cerium incorporated within the framework. This catalyst shows a shift in selectivity from typical HZSM-5 products (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) to valuable oxygenated chemicals (furans, ketones, aldehydes) during the catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. The cerium-incorporated hierarchical zeolite was synthesized using a dry-gel method followed by steam-assisted crystallization. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), diffuse reflectance FT-IR, and diffuse reflectance UV–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The multifunctional catalyst was then studied in the catalytic fast pyrolysis of glucose (a carbohydrate model compound) at 600 °C. The new catalyst was compared with a mesoporous HZSM-5 catalyst with ...
Coercive Sexual Environments Development and Validation of a Scale

In this article, we present the results of our efforts to develop and test a scale to operationalize and measure a neighborhood-level indicator of coercive sexual environments (CSEs), a construct emerging from our earlier work on safety and sexual threats among young girls living in chronically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Data for this study come from a survey of 124 adult and 79 youth respondents living in public housing in Washington, D.C., and participating in the Housing Opportunities and Services Together Demonstration, a multisite project testing the feasibility and effectiveness of place-based, dual-generation case management models to improve outcomes for vulnerable families. Our psychometric analysis indicates that the CSE scales we developed for adults and youth have high internal consistency. Together with our analyses of construct validity, the present findings suggest that CSE is a unitary construct that may be an important factor to include in models of neighborhood processes and risk.
Culture leading in English teaching

Begining with the discussion about the relationship between language and culture, points out only by combining the language teaching with its culture teaching could achieve great success. Also gives some practical suggestion on how cultural aspects can be integrated into language teaching and learning so that the cultural awareness of learners and their across-cultural communicating skills can be developed .
Decreased Resistance of C3H/HeHa Mice to C3HBA Tumor Transplants: Increased Resistance Due to Supplemental Vitamin A

Groups of inbred C3H/HeHa and C3H/HeJ mice were inoculated with either a low or a high number of C3HBA tumor cells, C3H/HeHa mice were less resistant to tumor development and growth than C3H/HeJ mice as judged by tumor incidence, latent period, tumor size (growth rate), and survival time. Resistance to decrease and death following inoculation with tumor cells was related to thymus status in the following way: Thymic involution was associated with decreased resistance of the mice to tumor development. When C3H/HeHa mice were fed supplemental vitamin A, and treatment that increases their thymus size and numbers of thymic small lymphocytes, their resistance to the C3HBA tumor was markedly increased.
Downloadings options in LEXIS/NEXIS and WESTLAW part 1-—LEXIS/NEXIS

Presentation des modalites de teledechargment a partir de deux banques de donnees juridiques LEXIS/NEXIS et WESTLAW
The Role of Altered Vascular Reactivity in Hypertension

Hypertensive subjects respond to given pressor stimuli with greater pressure rises than the normotensive. Does this exaggerated reactivity reflect a lower threshold of excitability or a difference ...
Femoral to radial artery pressure gradient in the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft under normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass

Femoral to radial artery pressure gradient was evaluated in 14 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft under normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). CPB was instituted at a flow rate of 2.6 l.min-1.m-2, using non-pulsatile pump and blood temperature of pump arterial line was controlled to maintain bladder temperature between 36 and 37 degrees C. Pressure gradients occurred 30 min after commencement of CPB and the mean gradients of systolic, diastolic and mean artery pressure were maximum all at the end of CPB (38 +/- 7 mmHg, 4 +/- 1 mmHg and 10 +/- 2 mmHg). These pressure gradients remained until the end of the surgery. Throughout the operation, nasopharyngeal and blood temperature remained unchanged, while mean palm temperature increased from 31.8 degrees C (after induction) to 34.6 degrees C (30 min after commencement of CPB) and thereafter remained between 33.3 and 33.9 degrees C. This increase in peripheral temperature might indicate that normothermic CPB was accompanied by peripheral vasodilatation. These results indicate that the magnitude of femoral to radial pressure gradient during normothermic CPB is similar to that during mild hypothermic CPB.
Calf pain mimicking thrombophlebitis

Calf pain is a common complaint in the primary care setting. An understanding of the relationship of calf pain to the popliteal cyst and pseudothrombophlebitis syndrome and a systematic approach to evaluation may avoid a mistaken diagnosis of thrombophlebitis and unnecessary anticoagulation therapy.
Bioinks for Bioprinting

Three-dimensional bioprinting has developed as new technology to support regenerative medicine. The major components of bioprinting include computer aided design of constructs, instruments to “print” structures, and the focus of this chapter, bioinks. Bioinks are composed of several components including solutions and gels that provide structure to the printed component, cells and additives that are used to alter the structure of the printed solutions and gels. The most commonly used bioink solutions are derived from natural products including alginate and agarose. Proteins that undergo self assembly are also commonly used and include purified interstitial collagen. A new generation of printable gels are emerging that include materials that undergo solution to gel transition at specific temperatures. Also considered are the chemistries that support the formation of stable gels. These chemistries include chemical cross-linking agents and photoinitiators that can support UV and visible light activated cross linking of materials.
Deep ocean nutrients imply large latitudinal variation in particle transfer efficiency

The “transfer efficiency” of sinking organic particles through the mesopelagic zone and into the deep ocean is a critical determinant of the atmosphere−ocean partition of carbon dioxide (CO2). Our ability to detect large-scale spatial variations in transfer efficiency is limited by the scarcity and uncertainties of particle flux data. Here we reconstruct deep ocean particle fluxes by diagnosing the rate of nutrient accumulation along transport pathways in a data-constrained ocean circulation model. Combined with estimates of organic matter export from the surface, these diagnosed fluxes reveal a global pattern of transfer efficiency to 1,000 m that is high (∼25%) at high latitudes and low (∼5%) in subtropical gyres, with intermediate values in the tropics. This pattern is well correlated with spatial variations in phytoplankton community structure and the export of ballast minerals, which control the size and density of sinking particles. These findings accentuate the importance of high-latitude oceans in sequestering carbon over long timescales, and highlight potential impacts on remineralization depth as phytoplankton communities respond to a warming climate.
Selective MOCVD growth of strained (In)GaAs quantum dot active region laser diode on GaAs substrates employing diblock copolymer lithography

Semiconductor Laser diodes (LD) employing quantum dot (QD) active region have attracted attention due to the theoretical predictions: low threshold current density and low temperature sensitivity originated from the delta-function-like density of states and small active volume [1]. However, while high performance devices have been demonstrated, the realization of all the predicted advantages has remained challenging. Self-assembled QDs grown by Stranski-Krastanov growth mode suffer from an inhomogeneity in the QD size distribution, as well as an inherent problematic wetting layer [2]. Nanopatterning and selective MOCVD growth offer a more controllable pathway for QD formation, allowing the QD size to be decoupled from the strain state of the material, although the challenges stemming from surface state formation remain a problematic issue [3]. Selectively grown QDs employing nano-patterning prepared by e-beam lithography or atomic force microscopy oxidation can be expensive and time-consuming, depending on the pattern area [4]. Here, we report on the properties of LD employing a dense array of the wetting layer-free, compressively-strained single layer In0.35Ga0.65As QDs as the active region on a nominally singular (001) GaAs substrate (QD Density: 6∼8 × 1010 cm−2), grown by MOCVD.
Lidar observations of long range dust transport over Mauna Loa Observatory

A bistatic CCD camera lidar (CLidar) was used at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) to map aerosol light scattering. Laser light from a 532 nm, Nd:YAG laser was vertically transmitted into the atmosphere and the scatter off clouds, aerosols and air molecules was detected using a CCD camera with wide angle optics and a laser line filter. The intensity of each CCD camera pixel imaging the beam was normalized to a molecular scattering model in an aerosol free region for subtraction of molecular scattering. Aerosol extinction was derived using a column average aerosol phase function derived from AERONET sun photometer measurements at MLO. The CLidar design allows measurements of aerosol scattering all the way to the ground without an overlap correction. MLO, at 3397 m.a.s.l., typically receives free tropospheric air. During spring months, prevailing winds can occasionally transport dust from Asian sources with high dust activity over MLO. Aerosol scattering measurements were taken by the CLidar during spring months at MLO and revealed extinction peaks at mid-range altitudes. Back trajectories of air parcels from MLO at the altitudes of these peaks were conducted using NOAA’s Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model and it was found that they passed over regions of Eastern Asia known as sources of high dust activity. Relative humidity data from radiosondes and the NOAA stratospheric lidar’s water vapor channel were examined to differentiate aerosol scattering from tenuous cloud scattering. This paper presents aerosol extinction data with observations of Asian dust as measured by the CLidar during spring months at MLO.
Methodology for Evaluating Community Resilience

AbstractCommunity resilience is dependent on the functionality of building clusters and supporting infrastructure systems because these facilitate social and economic activities in a community. Thi...
Autonomic response to a short and long bout of high-intensity functional training.

The evaluation of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) recovery following exercise provides insight into the transient stress placed on the cardiovascular system. High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT...
The WNR/PSR facility - neutron physics capabilities from sub-thermal to 800 mev

The Weapons Neutron Research facility (WNR) is a versatile pulsed neutron source used in a variety of research programs ranging from fundamental neutron properties with ultra cold neutrons to medium energy charge exchange reaction studies. Here we describe the WNR facility and the improvements presently in progress as the Proton Storage Ring (PSR) becomes operational. 14 refs., 11 figs.
Thermometry with Subnanometer Resolution in the Electron Microscope Using the Principle of Detailed Balancing

We measure phonon energy gain and loss down to 20 meV in a single nanostructure using an atom-wide monochromatic electron beam. We show that the bulk and surface, energy loss and energy gain processes obey the principle of detailed balancing in nanostructured systems at thermal equilibrium. By plotting the logarithm of the ratio of the loss and gain bulk/surface scattering as a function of the excitation energy, we find a linear behavior, expected from detailed balance arguments. Since that universal linearity scales with the inverse of the nanosystem temperature only, we can measure the temperature of the probed object with precision down to about 1 K without reference to the nanomaterial. We also show that subnanometer spatial resolution (down to ∼2 A) can be obtained using highly localized acoustic phonon scattering. The surface phonon polariton signal can also be used to measure the temperature near the nanostructure surfaces, but with unavoidable averaging over several nanometers. Comparison between ...