cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Convergence and divergence in bozal spanish: A comparative study

Afro-Hispanic language is attested from the 15th century to the early 20th century in Spain, Africa, and Latin America. The speech of bozales (slaves born in Africa and speaking Spanish only imperfectly) has frequently been used as evidence for monogenetic theories of Hispanic Creole formation, based on structural parallels and possibly Afro-Portuguese roots. The present study reviews the principal Afro-Hispanic manifestations over a period of more than 300 years, and traces those structures most frequently cited in monogenetic Afro-Iberian theories. The overall conclusion is that, while such cases as Papiamentu, Colombian Palenquero, and 19th century Cuban/Puerto Rican bozal language point to common origins or mutually shared influences, most other Afro-Hispanic language forms suggest merely imperfect learning and incipient pidginiza-tion which arose spontaneously each time Spanish and African languages came into contact.
On the Stochastic Wave Equation with Nonlinear Damping

We discuss an initial boundary value problem for the stochastic wave equation with nonlinear damping. We establish the existence and uniqueness of a solution. Our method for the existence of pathwise solutions consists of regularization of the equation and data, the Galerkin approximation and an elementary measure-theoretic argument. We also prove the existence of an invariant measure when the equation has pure nonlinear damping.
Tensile impact properties of human compact bone.

Abstract Longitudinal specimens from human compact bone were tested in a pendulum type instrumented tensile impact tester at a strain rate of 133 sec −1 . The recorded load time histories showed marked nonlinearities in the stress strain behavior of some specimens including plastic deformation and strain hardening effects, thus emphasizing that the fracture energy alone is an incomplete representation of the tensile impact behaviour of bone. Mean tensile impact strengths and impact energy capacities were 126·3 ± 33·1 MN/m 2 and 18790 ± 7355 J/m 2 for 49 fresh human specimens. Quasi-static tensile strengths for 13 fresh human samples were 34% less than the tensile impact strength. Statistically significant correlations were found between elastic properties, ultimate stress and impact energy capacity. Tensile impact strength also correlated negatively with the percentage area of secondary osteons in the specimen.
11-Dehydrocorticosterone in the presence of carbenoxolone is a more potent sodium retainer than corticosterone

Abstract In vivo, corticosterone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone are interconverted in the liver and possibly kidney by 11β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase. In an effort to evaluate the relevance of this reversible reaction in relation to urinary sodium and potassium excretion, we investigated the effects of 11-dehydrocorti-costerone in the presence and absence of carbenoxolone, a potent inhibitor of the oxidative component of 11β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, and compared them with the effects of similar doses of corticosterone in carbenoxolone-treated rats. All experiments were performed on adrenalectomized male rats. Here we describe that in carbenoxolone-treated rats 11-dehydrocorticosterone and corticosterone display antinatriuretic activity, although under the conditions of this study 11-dehydrocorticosterone is a more potent sodium retainer than its parent steroid corticosterone. In addition, the antinatriuretic effects of 11-dehydrocorticosterone (like the antinatriuretic effects of corticosterone in carbenoxolone-treated rats) were blocked by the specific antimineralocorticoid RU28318. (Steroids 58:24–28, 1993)
An enhanced electrical impedance imaging algorithm for hyperthermia applications.

Electrical impedance imaging is a technique which is under investigation as a noninvasive method of tracking subsurface temperature distributions and/or associated cellular response during hyperthermia. In previous work, a finite element image reconstruction algorithm for converting surface potential distributions recorded at discrete electrode positions into spatial maps of conductivity values was developed. This paper reports on a series of significant improvements in the basic image reconstruction approach. Specifically, the ability to recover both the resistive and capacitive components of tissue electrical impedance have been incorporated. In addition, the image enhancement schemes of (1) total variation minimization, (2) dual meshing, and (3) spatial low-pass filtering, have been added. Through a series of simulation studies involving both phantom-like and clinically-relevant geometries having discrete regions and continuously-varying electrical property profiles, a significantly improved ability to...
P02-201 - Safety of the electroconvulsive therapy-paliperidone combination

Objectives Patients with psychotic or mood disorders often undergo electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) while receiving antipsychotic and/or other pharmacological agents. Paliperidone (PLP) -a benzisoxazole derivative and the principal active metabolite of risperidone- is a second-generation antipsychotic which has been developed in an osmotic controlled-release oral-delivery system. Thus the peak-through fluctuations of its concentration in plasma are minimized, with consequently decreased incidence of side-effects. To the best of our knowledge, there are, as yet, no reports on the safety of ECT-PLP co-administration. Methods Nine female inpatients suffering from affective disorders (N=7) or schizophrenia (N=2) underwent ECT while receiving PLP (3-12 mg/d). Patients’ regimen included other psychotropic medications as well (mainly antidepressants and/or antipsychotics). All patients were monitored closely for recovery time, post-ictal delirium, cardiological and EEG status for at least one hour after each ECT session. In addition to their clinical evaluation, patients’ cognitive -especially memory- functioning was regularly assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination. Overall, patients underwent 83 sessions of bilateral ECT. Results ECT-PLP combination was well tolerated and even in cases where cognitive side-effects were of moderate severity (three cases; all were also receiving venlafaxine), they were transient. Conclusions Although anecdotal and thus in need of replication in well-designed large studies, our preliminary findings suggest that ECT and PLP can be safely combined whenever both indicated.
Incentives for clinical decisions where evidence is lacking.

There is concern that much of health care spending in the United States is wasteful given the poor correlation between cost of care and patient access, outcomes, and satisfaction. Hospitals are the usual targets for reducing unnecessary spending, given the large percentage of care provided to
Hypnotic analgesia reduces R-III nociceptive reflex: further evidence concerning the multifactorial nature of hypnotic analgesia

Abstract Mechanisms of hypnotic analgesia were investigated by examining changes in the R-III, a nociceptive spinal reflex, during hypnotic reduction of pain sensation and unpleasantness. The R-III was measured in 15 healthy volunteers who gave VAS-sensory and VAS-affective ratings of an electrical stimulus during conditions of resting wakefulness, suggestions for hypnotic analgesia, and attempted suppression of the reflex during non-hypnotic conditions. The H-reflex was also measured to monitor and control for general changes in alpha-motoneuron excitability. Hypnotic sensory analgesia was related to reduction in the R-III after controlling for changes in the H-reflex (R2 = 0.51, P
Acid rain reports

Three independent reports on acid precipitation issued in June reinforce each other and, taken together, support those seeking immediate action to curb man-generated acid deposition in northeastern North America by reducing emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. The Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipitation report concluded that manmade pollution is to blame for acid precipitation problems in the northeastern United States. A National Research Council (NRC) committee stated that reducing the manmade emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides will result in a proportional reduction in the deposition of acid precipitation. And an acid rain panel assembled by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) called for immediate action to curb the emissions despite incomplete scientific data.
Perspective on Evaporative Chilling of Poultry

Abstract The feasibility of evaporative chilling of warm eviscerated broilers and retail parts was investigated on a laboratory (all glass) scale, with diffusion and mechanical vacuum pumps and an alcohol-dry ice condenser. Required chilling times were similar to those for present commercial ice slush immersion methods. Weight losses were as high as 5%, but could be controlled by dipping the carcasses in 1% aqueous methyl cellulose before chilling. Ballooning of the skin during chilling had little or no effect on final appearance. Evaporative chilling of poultry has a potential as a non-immersion chilling method if we are prepared to sacrifice the substantial weight gains provided by current immersion methods.
Multipartite RRTs for Rapid Replanning in Dynamic Environments

The rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm has found widespread use in the field of robot motion planning because it provides a single-shot, probabilistically complete planning method which generalizes well to a variety of problem domains. We present the multipartite RRT (MP-RRT), an RRT variant which supports planning in unknown or dynamic environments. By purposefully biasing the sampling distribution and re-using branches from previous planning iterations, MP-RRT combines the strengths of existing adaptations of RRT for dynamic motion planning. Experimental results show MP-RRT to be very effective for planning in dynamic environments with unknown moving obstacles, replanning in high-dimensional configuration spaces, and replanning for systems with space time constraints.
Statistical performance of a data-based covariance estimator

Data covariance is typically estimated by a sample average method. The second-order statistics of this sample covariance are encountered in evaluating the performance of many covariance-based processing methods. This correspondence derives closed-form expressions for the second-order statistics of a vectored sample covariance. Given a baseband communication system model, the results explicitly rely on the channel parameters and the second- and fourth-order statistics of the channel noise and inputs. They can be directly applied to study statistical properties of covariance-based methods such as a correlation-matching-based channel-estimation method in a code-division multiple-access system. Numerical examples are provided to further verify the derived results.
Dimeric Novel HSP40 Is Incorporated into the Radial Spoke Complex during the Assembly Process in Flagella

The radial spoke is a stable structural complex in the 9 + 2 axoneme for the control of flagellar motility. However, the spokes in Chlamydomonas mutant pf24 are heterogeneous and unstable, whereas several spoke proteins are reduced differentially. To elucidate the defective mechanism, we clone RSP16, a prominent spoke protein diminished in pf24 axonemes. Unexpectedly, RSP16 is a novel HSP40 member of the DnaJ superfamily that assists chaperones in various protein-folding-related processes. Importantly, RSP16 is uniquely excluded from the 12S spoke precursor complex that is packaged in the cell body and transported toward the flagellar tip to be converted into mature 20S axonemal spokes. Rather, RSP16, transported separately, joins the precursor complex in flagella. Furthermore, RSP16 molecules in vitro and in flagella form homodimers, a characteristic required for the cochaperone activity of HSP40. We postulate that the spoke HSP40 operates as a cochaperone to assist chaperone machinery at the flagellar tip to actively convert the smaller spoke precursor and itself into the mature stable complex; failure of the interaction between the spoke HSP40 and its target polypeptide results in heterogeneous unstable radial spokes in pf24.
Transaction communicators: enabling cooperation among concurrent transactions

In this paper, we propose to extend transactional memory with transaction communicators, special objects through which concurrent transactions can communicate: changes by one transaction to a communicator can be seen by concurrent transactions before the first transaction commits. Although isolation of transactions is compromised by such communication, we constrain the effects of this compromise by tracking dependencies among transactions, and preventing any transaction from committing unless every transaction whose changes it saw also commits. In particular, mutually dependent transactions must commit or abort together, and transactions that do not communicate remain isolated. To help programmers synchronize accesses to communicators, we also provide special communicator-isolating transactions, which ensure isolation even for accesses to communicators. We propose language features to help programmers express the communicator constructs. We implemented a novel communicators-enabled STM runtime in the Maxine VM. Our preliminary evaluation demonstrates that communicators can be used in diverse settings to improve the performance of transactional programs, and to empower programmers with the ability to safely express within transactions important programming idioms that fundamentally require compromise of transaction isolation (e.g., CSP-style synchronous communication).
Differential locomotor responses in male rats from three strains to acute methylphenidate.

Genetic variability is an important consideration in the study of the effect of drugs on humans and animals. Specifically, the effect of drugs on behavior varies from one rat strain to another. Methylphenidate (MPI), commonly known as Ritalin, is a psychostimulant with a pharmacological- profile similar to amphetamine and cocaine, and is widely used in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The purpose of this study was to examine the acute dose-response characteristics of MPD on three different male rat strains: spontaneously hypertensive/hyperactive rats (SHR), Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Results showed clear differences in the pattern of behavioral response to the various MPD doses among the three rat strains. The 0.6 mg/kg MPD dose had no effect on any of the strains. At the dose of 2.5 mg/kg MPD, WKY rats reached peak locomotor activity within the initial 10 min, whereas SHR and SD rats reached peak activity in approximately 30 min. Furthermore, t...
Mixed variational principles in space and time for elastodynamics analysis

Nonlinear elastodynamics problems are approached from the point of view of a mixed variational principle. It is shown that four different functionals lead to different formulations of the problem with different independent fields. One of the functionals is specialized to the case of spatial beams undergoing large deformations, and small strains. The extension of these functionals to the case in which kinematic constraints are presented leads to the useful concept of dual constraints, which can be advantageously employed in treating problems involving contact, impact, and changing topology.
Comparison of Interval and Aerial Count Methods for Estimating Fisher Boating Effort

Abstract Interval and aerial angler creel survey counting methods were compared for a statistical district of Lake Michigan (MM-6) to evaluate potential underestimation of the interval method. Two 0.5-h boat (i.e., interval) counts were made per sample day at five access ports within MM-6, and on the same day, boats in 3 out of 18 MM-6 grids were counted from aircraft. Seasonal and monthly day-type (weekday or weekend day) estimates of boating effort by count method were compared. Seasonal boating effort estimates during open-water periods were not significantly different for aerial versus interval counts: 250,387 versus 247,117 in 2000 and 177,532 versus 219,097 in 2001. Similarly, comparisons of boating effort by monthly day type (i.e., weekday or weekend day) within each year did not indicate significant differences. Aerial precision estimates (2 SEs/estimate; 14.84% in 2000 and 15.53% in 2001) were more precise than interval estimates (21.42% in 2000 and 24.54% in 2001). Similarly, predicted power (1 ...
Diffusion and correlation effects in nonstoichiometric crystals

Abstract The correlated diffusive motion of atoms in the presence of a large concentration of point defects (for example, in nonstoichiometric materials such as some transition metal oxides, fast-ion conductors, and transition metal hydrides) is investigated in terms of the encounter model. Within the framework of this theory the correlation factor f is defined as the ratio of the mean square displacement, 〈R2〉enc, of a tracer atom in an encounter with a point defect (in units of the nearest-neighbor distance) and the mean number of correlated tracer jumps per encounter, Zenc. In the limit in which the energy of interaction between different point defects is much smaller than the thermal energy kT, the parameters 〈R2〉enc and Zenc (and thus f) are determined as functions of the concentration of point defects by means of a Monte Carlo-type computer simulation technique. Our results for the monovacancy mechanism of self-diffusion in f.c.c., b.c.c., and s.c. crystals are discussed in relationship to the results presented recently by Koiwa, Benoist et al., Sanke et al., DeBruin et al. and Murch et al. The validity of a simple analytical expression for f as a function of the vacancy concentration is investigated.
Relation of Dietary Acetic and Butyric Acids to Intake, Digestibility, Lactation Performance, and Ruminal and Blood Levels of Certain Metabolites

Abstract The hypothesis was tested that acetic and butyric acids are related to the lower dry matter intake and superior efficiency which usually results from feeding lactating cows silage rations compared to hay. Voluntary intake of dry matter was not affected by 2% acetic, 1% butyric, or a combination of these acids added to a hayconcentrate ration. However, a mixture of 4% acetic and 2% butyric acids appeared to cause nasal irritation and reduced intake. Milk yield and milk fat content were not appreciably affected by treatments. Although acetic acid increased energy digestibility, none of the treatments improved efficiency of energy utilization. Rumen concentration of acetic and butyric acids was higher, and propionic acid lower, for the supplemented rations. Blood acetic and butyric acids were elevated by the acetic and the acetic-butyric acid supplements. These results generally did not support the hypothesis that acetic and butyric acids increased efficiency of dry matter utilization.
Equivalent Heterogeneity Analysis as a Tool for Understanding the Resolving Power of Anisotropic Travel‐Time Tomography

Abstract We investigate whether 2D anisotropic travel‐time tomography can uniquely determine both the spatially varying isotropic and anisotropic components of the seismic velocity field. This issue was first studied by Mochizuki (1997) for the special case of Radon’s problem (tomography with infinitely long rays), who found it to be nonunique. Our analysis extends this result to all array geometries and demonstrates that all such tomographic inversions are nonunique. Any travel‐time dataset can be fit by a model that is either purely isotropic, purely anisotropic, or some combination of the two. However, a pair of purely isotropic and purely anisotropic velocity models that predict the same travel times are very different in other respects, including spatial scale. Thus, prior information can be used to select among equivalent solutions to achieve a unique solution embodying a given set of prior expectations about model properties. We extend the notion of a resolution test, used in traditional isotropic tomography, to the anisotropic case. Our equivalent heterogeneity analysis focuses on the anisotropic heterogeneity equivalent to a point isotropic heterogeneity, and vice versa. We demonstrate that it provides insights into the structure of an anisotropic tomography problem that facilitates both the selection of appropriate prior information and the interpretation of results. We recommend that it be routinely applied to all surface‐wave inversions where the presence of anisotropy is suspected, including those based on noise correlation.
Radioscopic inspection of cargo containers with megavoltage energy barriers

To perform the inspection of cargo containers the radioscopic screening is performed by switching between 6 and 9 MeV of boundary energies as rapidly as 200 times per second and measuring the penetration levels in the contents of cargo. This technology facilitates the material identification via the analyses of the ratios of signals obtained at nominal and dual energies, which are 6 and 9 MeV, respectively. The techniques are developed for (a) visualizing the contents to produce an image suitable for fast inspection by a human operator, and for (b) prompting the custom personnel about the location of suspicious objects. Specifically, nuclear materials are of interest. The experiments have been conducted with Linatron K9 device designed by Varian Security and Inspection Products [1]. The capabilities are demonstrated for detection of objects of interests for the steel shields of 10 inches of thickness.
Ethical Implications of AID

In general, some 13% of all married couples have an infertility problem, directly related to the male. Overall, 15% of all married couples have an infertility problem. Therefore, there is a substantial and potential need for AID, as several thousand children are born annually in U.S.A. and Europe (Schellen, 1957; Behrman, 1975). There is also a great demand for AID primarily due to impatience for wanting a child, without extensive testing on the husband. In general, AID is performed with the husband’s consent only when sterility is established. There has been some biological anxiety that the children born from AID might in some way be defective. At present there are several AID babies who have grown up, married and had children, without any apparent psychological problems attributed to AID.
Requirements for an extensible GDSS: an object oriented architecture

An extensible group decision-support system (GDSS) is proposed. The system would be a modular and modifiable system, as opposed to a complete GDSS intended to handle all decision settings. A GDSS for a specific decision setting would be supported by building extensions onto a kernel of capabilities. These extensions are expected to be built by a system specialist, and not by any member of the group. The proposed architecture, which is object-oriented, is shown to meet the requirements identified for a GDSS. >
Pressure-volume index in head injury

The authors studied intracranial pressure (ICP) and intracranial compliance as defined by the pressure-volume index (PVI) in 34 severely head-injured patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less. The objective of the research was to determine if there was a correlation between the pressure-volume status and subsequent increase in ICP. The PVI and ICP measurements were obtained serially, and the temporal course of the pressure-volume status and ICP was determined during the 5-day period following injury. Aggressiveness of ICP was quantified by a therapy intensity level scale. A clear relationship between the PVI measured soon after injury and subsequent development of ICP emerged. Following mechanical trauma the PVI is reduced, and the degree of reduction and extent of biomechanical recovery are closely related to outcome and development of raised ICP.
Social cognition and the human brain

Humans are exceedingly social animals, but the neural underpinnings of social cognition and behavior are not well understood. Studies in humans and other primates have pointed to several structures that play a key role in guiding social behaviors: the amygdala, ventromedial frontal cortices, and right somatosensory-related cortex, among others. These structures appear to mediate between perceptual representations of socially relevant stimuli, such as the sight of conspecifics, and retrieval of knowledge (or elicitation of behaviors) that such stimuli can trigger. Current debates concern the extent to which social cognition draws upon processing specialized for social information, and the relative contributions made to social cognition by innate and acquired knowledge.
Effect of intrauterine copper wire on resorption of fetuses in rats.

Abstract A copper ring was transfixed through the uterine lumen after implantation (Day 6 of pregnancy) in the rat. The copper ring was either left in situ or removed during pregnancy. The incidence of resorption of embryo in relation to the duration of the copper present in the uterus was examined. In the first experiment, the percentage of the fetuses which were resorbed increased from 16.7 on Day 12 to 59.6 on Day 18 when the wire remained in situ . In the second experiment, only 15.4% of the fetuses were resorbed by Day 18 and Day 21, when the wire was removed on Day 12. However, 25.9% of the fetuses were resorbed on Day 18 and 48.1% on Day 21, when the wire was removed on Day 18. The results indicate that an intrauterine copper wire did affect the incidence of resorption of fetuses and that this effect upon the fetuses became apparent only after Day 12 of pregnancy. It can be concluded from this study that the longer the copper remains in the uterus during the late stages of pregnancy, the greater effect it has upon the rate of resorption of the fetuses.
Colorimetric and Longitudinal Analysis of Leukocoria in Recreational Photographs of Children with Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor in children. The first sign that is often reported by parents is the appearance of recurrent leukocoria (i.e., “white eye”) in recreational photographs. A quantitative definition or scale of leukocoria – as it appears during recreational photography – has not been established, and the amount of clinical information contained in a leukocoric image (collected by a parent) remains unknown. Moreover, the hypothesis that photographic leukocoria can be a sign of early stage retinoblastoma has not been tested for even a single patient. This study used commercially available software (Adobe Photoshop®) and standard color space conversion algorithms (operable in Microsoft Excel®) to quantify leukocoria in actual “baby pictures” of 9 children with retinoblastoma (that were collected by parents during recreational activities i.e., in nonclinical settings). One particular patient with bilateral retinoblastoma (“Patient Zero”) was photographed >7, 000 times by his parents (who are authors of this study) over three years: from birth, through diagnosis, treatment, and remission. This large set of photographs allowed us to determine the longitudinal and lateral frequency of leukocoria throughout the patient's life. This study establishes: (i) that leukocoria can emerge at a low frequency in early-stage retinoblastoma and increase in frequency during disease progression, but decrease upon disease regression, (ii) that Hue, Saturation and Value (i.e., HSV color space) are suitable metrics for quantifying the intensity of retinoblastoma-linked leukocoria; (iii) that different sets of intraocular retinoblastoma tumors can produce distinct leukocoric reflections; and (iv) the Saturation-Value plane of HSV color space represents a convenient scale for quantifying and classifying pupillary reflections as they appear during recreational photography.
U937 cell line has a t(I0;II)(pI3–I4;qI4–2I) rather than a deletion of IIq

The U937 cell line was studied with the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique using phage and cosmid probes which were mapped and ordered on IIq. Although this cell line was thought to have a del(IIq), FISH demonstrated that IIq was translocated to lop and that the breakpoint on IIq is centromeric to the MLL gene. This I0; II translocation appears to be a t(I0;II)(p I3-I4;q I4–2I), which was recently reported to be a recurring translocation in malignant hematologic disease. This cell line will be a good tool for the study of this chromosomal rearrangement.
Professionals And Executives Support A Relationship Between Organizational Commitment And Spirituality In The Workplace

This research was aimed at the study of organizational commitment to the relationship of spirituality in the workplace. In addition, organizational commitment and spirituality in the workplace was analyzed as stand alone variables. The design of this study was to interpret, develop, test and present research that explains the connection between workplace spirituality and a person’s perception to the relationship of organizational commitment. The ultimate goal of this research was to examine the relationships of the variables that would lead to further growth in employee development, increased job performance, lower turnover rates, higher profits and employee retention as they relate to organizational goals and strategies. his research indicated that there is a widespread belief that for companies to survive into the 21 st century in the face of economical downturn and global competition, it is necessary for leaders and employees to tap into their spiritual resources. All the collected evidence from this research points to a strong and significant relationship between the variables. The potentially groundbreaking nature of this research leaves no doubt that the intuitively positive relationship between spirituality in the workplace and organizational commitment may transform individual and organizational lives in ways unrestricted by natural law.
Incremental Hole Drilling for Residual Stress Analysis of Strongly Textured Material States – A New Calibration Approach

Technical components produced via sheet metal forming often obtain characteristic crystallographic textures and process induced residual stress distributions. Knowledge of the local residual stress states is essential for the proper components’ dimensioning. We report about the expansion of the incremental hole drilling technique for residual stress analysis to highly textured material states. A new evaluation approach using the differential evaluation algorithm is proposed, which bases on the calculation of multiple case specific calibration functions under consideration of the local orientation distribution function of the textured material. Systematic finite element (FE) simulations of incremental hole-drilling experiments are conducted regarding defined ideal nickel single crystal orientations (cube, Goss and brass). Multiple case-specific calibration functions, which consider the materials elastic anisotropy, are calculated and applied for stress calculation. In addition, the influence of a rosette misorientation between stress measurement and FE calibration is investigated. Using this new evaluation strategy a significant improvement of (residual) stress calculation on strongly textured materials is achieved. Finally, the capability of the proposed evaluation approach is experimentally validated for an uniaxially loaded CMSX-4 (nickel base super alloy) single crystal. The investigation clearly proved that in case of strongly anisotropic materials the evaluation using multiple case-specific calibration functions leads to a significant improvement in stress analysis compared to a conventional evaluation.
Optimizing data transfer nodes using packet pacing

An important performance problem that we foresee with Data Transfer Nodes (DTNs) in the near future is a fast sending host over-running a slow receiving host, and packets getting dropped, leading to poor performance. Due to the design of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), if this occurs over a high-latency path, the performance impact can be quite dramatic. For example, for a 40 Gbps DTN sending to a 10 Gbps DTN over a 100 ms path, throughput can drop to less than 1 Gbps. Slow firewalls, under-buffered switches, or other devices in the network path that can not handle high speed flows also have this negative impact on throughput. In this paper we describe a simple tuning daemon at the sending host that detects flows when this is happening, and then tells the Linux kernel to throttle those flows to a rate that the network and receive host can handle. We also describe the results of several experiments to test the feasibility of such a solution, and in doing so are able to present some of the bounds of flow pacing at these line rates.
EHD printing of PEDOT: PSS inks for fabricating pressure and strain sensor arrays on flexible substrates

Robotic skins with multi-modal sensors are necessary to facilitate better human-robotic interaction in non-structured environments. Integration of various sensors, especially onto substrates with non-uniform topographies, is challenging using standard semiconductor fabrication techniques. Printing is seen as a technology with great promise that can be used for sensor fabrication and integration as it may allow direct printing of different sensors onto the same substrate regardless of topology. In this work, we investigate Electro-Hydro-Dynamic (EHD) printing, a method that allows printing of micron-sized features with a wide range of materials, for fabricating pressure sensor arrays using Poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene):Polystyrene Sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). Fabrication of such sensors has been achieved by prepatterning gold or platinum metallized interdigitated comb electrode arrays on a polyimide substrate, with three custom made PEDOT:PSS based inks printed directly onto the electrode arrays. These three inks include a formulation of PEDOT:PSS and NMP; PEDOT:PSS, PVP, and NMP; and PEDOT:PSS, PVP, Nafion, and NMP. All these inks were successfully printed onto sensor elements. The initial results of bending-induced strain tests on the fabricated sensors display that all the inks are sensitive to strain. This confirms their suitability for pressure and strain sensor applications; however, the behavior of each ink; including sensitivity, linearity, and stability; is unique to the type.
Central fibroma of the mandible; case report with a brief review of the literature.

Abstract 1. 1. A brief review of the literature concerning central fibromas is presented. 2. 2. A case report illustrating the nature of a central fibroma is developed. 3. 3. It is suggested that careful examination and history are essential in the diagnosis of central fibromas. 4. 4. Simple excision, as opposed to radical surgery, is the treatment of choice in this type of growth.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Patterns and Implications of Intracranial Arterial Remodeling in Stroke Patients”

We appreciate the opportunity to respond to comments by Gutierrez and Elkind1 about our recent article.2 We think that they misunderstood our imaging-based methodology and would like to offer reasons that might explain their discrepant results.3 The authors assert that plaque burden should be based on intimal area when determining the remodeling threshold. Our definition has been used in other published magnetic resonance imaging and intravascular ultrasound studies that demonstrate remodeling justifiably because atherosclerotic changes can extend beyond the internal elastic lamina. Furthermore, colinearity did not influence our results as suggested by Gutierrez and Elkind1 because we defined stenosis based on lumen reduction, unlike the definition used in pathological specimen studies.3,4 About the slope of the regression line, S is simply a variable that can be negative or positive depending on whether the vessel tapers or, uncommonly, enlarges from proximal to distal locations. Others …
Epidemiology and cost of heart failure in children.

Heart failure in children is a complex disease process, which can occur secondary to a variety of aetiologies, including CHD, cardiomyopathy, or acquired conditions as well. Although the overall incidence of disease is low, the associated morbidity and mortality are high. Mortality may have decreased slightly over the last decade, and this is likely due to our ability to shepherd patients through longer periods of significant morbidity, with lasting effects. Costs of heart failure are significant – on the order of $1 billion annually as hospital charges for inpatient admissions alone. The value, or benefit to patient life and quality of life at this cost, is not well delineated. Further research is needed to optimise not only outcomes for these patients but also the high costs associated with them.
Fetal lung epithelial cells contain two populations of amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels.

Active Na+ transport by the alveolar epithelium plays a major role in reabsorption of the fetal lung fluid after birth. We characterized the biochemical and physiological characteristics of Na+ conductive pathways in distal fetal lung epithelial (FLE) cells isolated from 20-day-old rat fetuses. We demonstrated that a polyclonal antibody to Na+ channel protein (NaAb) binds to the plasma membranes of FLE cells. In Western blot studies, this NaAb and an anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody to the amiloride-binding subunit of the Na+ channel protein recognized 150- and 90-kDa polypeptides in plasma membrane vesicles of FLE. 22Na+ flux measurements across plasma membrane vesicles of FLE revealed the existence of electrogenic Na+ transport, which was twice as high as the corresponding adult value. One hundred micromolars of amiloride, benzamil, and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-2'-4'-amiloride inhibited 30, 40, and 70% of the electrogenic Na+ transport across plasma membrane vesicles of FLE cells, respectively. The hal...
Effect of consuming fungus-infected and fungus-free tall fescue and ergotamine tartrate on selected physiological variables of cattle in environmentally controlled conditions.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the physiological responses of consuming a fungus-free (FF) or fungus-infected (INF) tall fescue diet (Exp. 1) or the FF diet plus ergotamine tartrate at 30 ppm (FF/ET, Exp. 2) in a thermoneutral (21 degrees C) or heat-stressed environment (32 degrees C, dry bulb; 10 degrees C dew point). Treatment periods lasted 28 d after a 10-d adaptation period. Experiment 1 was replicated three times, and Exp. 2 was replicated twice, with eight Holstein steers in each replicate (mean BW = 185 kg). Feed intake (FI), rectal temperature (RT), and respiration rate (RR) were recorded daily, and heart rate (HR) and infrared temperatures at the ear canal (ECT), ear tip (ETT), pastern (PT), coronary band (CBT), and tail tip (TTT) were recorded weekly. Consumption of INF and FF/ET compared with FF diets decreased (P less than .10) FI, HR, ECT, PT, CBT, and TTT and elevated (P less than .10) RT and RR by 2.8, 2.77 kg/d; 17, 23 beats/min; .8, 1.1 degrees C; .9, 1.1 degrees C; .8, .9 degrees C; 1.1, 2.6 degrees C; .3, .5 degrees C; and 8, 8 breaths/min; respectively. Ear-tip temperature was reduced (P less than .10) 1.6 degrees C by consumption of INF but not by consumption of FF/ET. Reduction of peripheral temperatures is indicative of reduced blood flow to peripheral areas as a result of vasoconstriction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multi-scale theory and simulation of shape-selective nanocrystal growth

Capping agents, or structure-directing agents (SDAs), play a central role in the shape-selective, solution-phase synthesis of metal nanocrystals – although their exact role in many syntheses remains elusive. In this Highlight, we discuss, using the example of PVP-mediated synthesis of Ag nanocrystals in the polyol process, how multi-scale theory and simulation can lead to an understanding of how SDAs actuate nanocrystal growth. First-principles DFT calculations provide insight into the adsorption energetics of SDA molecules on metal surfaces and a comparison of DFT to experiment confirms the adage that SDA molecules promote nanocrystals with facets to which they bind the most strongly. To study aspects of solution-phase syntheses under experimental conditions, we introduced the metal–organic many body (MOMB) force field, which has high fidelity to DFT results. Using molecular dynamics simulations based on the MOMB force field, we showed how stronger PVP binding to Ag(100) leads to a lower Ag flux to this surface relative to Ag(111) and how this promotes {100}-facetted kinetic Wulff shapes, consistent with experiment.
The changing food market--nutrition in a revolution.

Our food system today is highly integrated, with each part dependent on the others, and pressure at one level is felt at every other level. The challenge to the professionals is to respond to those who challenge one aspect of the system without considering the others.
Adenocarcinoma Occurring in a Solitary Kidney

Although many instances of adenocarcinoma occurring in the solitary kidney have been reported in the English literature, it has only been in recent years that the natural history and therapeutic options for this condition have been evaluated. To compare survival, prognosis and therapy, patients can be divided into three categories. The first group consists of those in whom one kidney was originally removed for a benign disease or those born with a solitary kidney. The second group includes patients in whom one kidney was removed at a previous time because of cancer (asynchronous renal carcinoma). The third group includes patients who have bilateral renal carcinoma at the time of diagnosis (synchronous renal carcinoma).
Parent Coping With Adolescent Trichotillomania

Adolescents who struggle with trichotillomania (TTM; hairpulling disorder) are not alone, their parents also struggle. The focus of this qualitative study was to identify what parents (N = 30) perceive as stressful about parenting an adolescent with TTM and how they cope with these stressors. Parents described uncertainty about the course of the disorder and powerlessness in the ability to protect their adolescent from the reactions of others or assist them in curtailing the hairpulling as very distressing. Data analysis revealed eight coping strategies used to manage these stressors and the accompanying grief: (a) information gathering, (b) anticipatory guidance, (c) crying, (d) hypervigilance, (e) gaining emotional support from others, (f) acceptance, (g) goal revision, and (h) guiding rather than protecting their adolescent. The study findings can be used by school nurses to gain a deeper understanding of this disorder and to provide family-centered care in the school setting.
The Effects of Age on Advertising Preference in Travel Advertising

The purpose of the present article is to determine if different age groups perceive printed travel ads in a different manner. This study deals with the reaction of four age groups; under 26, 26–40, 41–55, and over 55, to nine different advertisements. These advertisements consist of either a male model, female model or couple model (male and female) in a tropical setting. The models pose in three types of attire; nearly nude, bathing attire and sportswear attire. The dependent variable is the degree to which the respondent likes the advertisement.
Tissue Culture Studies on Vicia Faba. II. Cytology

SUMMARYCytological examination of cell aggregates of V. faba growing in a modified Bonner-Devirian basal liquid medium supplemented with (per liter): 40 gm. sucrose, 1 × 10–6 M 2,4-D and 3 gm. yeast extract have revealed a number of variations in nuclear behavior and chromosomal morphology.Contraction of metaphasic chromosomes, fragmentation and other structural changes leading to different anaphase and telophase bridges were exhibited by these cells.The cell aggregates showed a variation in the chromosome number at different levels of polyploidy with a predominance of the aneuploid condition from the diploid.Structural rearrangements resulting from chromosome breaks and subsequent reunions of the broken ends had probably produced this aneuploid condition.It is indicated that such cytological variations as were exhibited by these cells were possibly the result of the direct influence of the chemical substance(s) present in the medium on the mitotic pattern of such cells which were directly exposed to the ...
Characterization of a compressed sensing PET detector and data acquisition system: Effects of multiplexing and sampling rate

Reducing the number of readout channels of PET detectors with multiplexing can save the cost and complexity for developing a scanner. However, a high multiplexing ratio can also degrade the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio of the detector since the noise of the multiplexed channels is summed together. Compressed sensing (CS) was recently shown to be a promising multiplexing method for PET detectors that can achieve high multiplexing ratio while resolving simultaneous hits on multiple pixels with high SNR recovery for PET detectors. In this work, we study the effects of multiplexing and sampling rate on the performance of the CS detectors and the corresponding DAQ system we have developed for a PET insert for simultaneous PET/MR brain imaging. The coincidence time resolution acquired by a pair of single-crystal detectors degraded from 1.4 ns to 3.2 ns when the sampling rate dropped from 20GHz (sampled by the digital oscilloscope) to 65MHz (sampled by the 256-channel DAQ system developed in house). The coincidence time resolution further degraded to 3.7 ns when the coincidence events were acquired by two CS detectors (with a multiplexing ratio of 8∶1) and sampled by the DAQ system, indicating the effect of multiplexing on the timing performance. Possible future studies to diagnose and mitigate the causes of timing performance degradation are discussed.
Altmetrics: A Practical Guide for Librarians, Researchers and Academics: Andy Tattersall, London, England: Facet Publishing. 2016, ISBN 978-1-78330-010-5

According to the editor, Andy Tattersall, this book has two main objectives: to provide both practical and theoretical information regarding the topic of altmetrics. Altmetrics is a word that many ...
Consonant Acquisition in Young Cochlear Implant Recipients and Their Typically Developing Peers.

Purpose Consonant acquisition was examined in 13 young cochlear implant (CI) recipients and 11 typically developing (TD) children. Method A longitudinal research design was implemented to determine...
Automated Detection of Facial Expressions during Computer-Assisted Instruction in Individuals on the Autism Spectrum

It has been suggested that computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is a promising method for educating students on the autism spectrum. We aimed to determine whether automated recognition of facial expressions aided in predicting CAI engagement and learning performance. Seven youth with autism (mean age = 12.7, SD = 4.2) interacted with a CAI program, TeachTown Basics, for 15 consecutive sessions. Video recordings of the participants' faces were collected during these sessions and facial expressions from these videos were analyzed using CERT, an algorithm that automatically outputs intensity values for each facial action unit (AU). Using these data, we attempted to operationally define two engagement indices: (1) behavioral engagement, the proportion of time a participant had their face oriented to the computer screen; and (2) emotional engagement, the activation of AUs previously associated with CAI. Our results suggest that both indices strongly correlated with one another, but that emotional (not behavioral) engagement predicted test performance. CAI knowledge domain, participant sex, and developmental age also contributed to the prediction.