cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Café au Lait Macules and Juvénile Polyps

: Several hereditary and nonhereditary gastrointestinal tract polyposis syndromes exhibit extra-intestinal manifestations, including cutaneous findings. However, a lack of information exists regarding cutaneous features of juvenile polyposis. Our objective was to document the prevalence of cutaneous hyperpigmented lesions in children with juvenile polyposis coli or juvenile polyposis coli and their first degree relatives. Children seen in the gastroenterology practice at The Children's Hospital in Denver, Colorado with polyps (juvenile polyposis coli, sporadic juvenile polyps, and familial adenomatous polyposis coli) and their first degree relatives were invited to participate in the study. A comprehensive skin examination was performed on those who consented to participate. We found that 8 of 14 patients (eight with juvenile polyposis coli, four with juvenile polyposis, and two with familial adenomatous polyposis coli) had at least one cafe-au-lait macule, compared with three of 27 relatives (p = 0.003). The prevalence of at least one cafe-au-lait macule in our patients (8/14 or 57.1%, CI: 28.9–82.3%) was significantly higher than the general population prevalence of 28.5% (p = 0.023). However, if the two patients with familial adenomatous polyposis coli were excluded, the comparison with the general population prevalence did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.095). The prevalence of multiple cafe-au-lait macules in our patients (4/14 or 28.6%; CI: 8.4–58.1%) was significantly higher than the general population prevalence of 5.2% (p = 0.005). A notable finding was the presence of multiple cafe-au-lait macules in 4 of 12 juvenile polyposis coli/juvenile polyposis patients. Two patients with juvenile polyposis coli also had lentigines. In this selected case series, we observed single or multiple cafe-au-lait macules in a high proportion of children with the three types of polyps. Further studies are needed to assess a possible common pathway for hamartomatous polyps and cafe-au-lait macules.
Quercetin’s effect on cycling efficiency and substrate utilization

Previous evidence suggests that quercetin supplementation increases performance in humans. We examined the effects of 3 weeks of quercetin supplementation on fuel utilization, gross efficiency (GE), and perceived effort during 3 h of cycling over 3 successive days. Forty cyclists were randomized into quercetin and placebo groups and tested for maximal oxygen consumption (53.2 ± 1.2 and 54.7 ± 1.1 mL·kg–1·min–1). For 3 weeks following maximal oxygen consumption testing, subjects supplemented either 1000 mg·day–1 quercetin or placebo during normal training. Following supplementation, subjects cycled at 57% maximum power for 3 h, on 3 successive days, using their own bicycles fitted to CompuTrainer Pro Model trainers (RacerMate, Seattle, Wash.). Metabolic measurements were taken every 30 min for each 3-h ride. Muscle biopsies obtained from the vastus lateralis immediately pre-exercise and postexercise on days 1 and 3 were analyzed for muscle glycogen content. Power output remained constant for all 3 exercise...
Data management on the fusion computational pipeline

Fusion energy science, like other science areas in DOE, is becoming increasingly data intensive and network distributed. We discuss data management techniques that are essential for scientists making discoveries from their simulations and experiments, with special focus on the techniques and support that Fusion Simulation Project (FSP) scientists may need. However, the discussion applies to a broader audience since most of the fusion SciDAC's, and FSP proposals include a strong data management component. Simulations on ultra scale computing platforms imply an ability to efficiently integrate and network heterogeneous components (computational, storage, networks, codes, etc.), and to move large amounts of data over large distances. We discuss the workflow categories needed to support such research as well as the automation and other aspects that can allow an FSP scientist to focus on the science and spend less time tending information technology.
Modeling of multilayer thin film recording media

A previously developed micromagnetic model for single-layer thin-film recording media is extended to model multilayer thin-film media. Effects of the magnetostatic interactions between the adjacent magnetic layers in the film are studied for a film with two magnetic layers separated by an ideal nonmagnetic layer. Magnetization reversal processes and hysteresis properties are studied for films with different separation layer thicknesses. It is found that the magnetostatic interaction between the two adjacent magnetic layers in the multilayer films with an ideal thin nonmagnetic interlayer can result in significant changes of micromagnetic behavior within each magnetic layer. This micromagnetic modeling study explains why reducing the separation thickness can yield further reduction of the medium noise. >
A double logistic comparison of growth patterns of normal children and children with Down's syndrome.

SummaryA double logistic model was used to compare six parameters of growth in standing height of 31 children with Down's syndrome with 136 children from the California Guidance Study.Multivariate analysis of variance of the growth data showed that while there were significant differences in all six parameters favouring the normal over the Down's children, there were no significant differences with respect to error of fit. Multivariate analysis with final height as a covariate revealed that differences between the normal and the Down's children in the prepubertal and adolescent components were explainable by differences in final height.In summary, the double logistic model, when applied to this sample of Down's children, identified those well defined logistic components which are characteristic of the growth of normal children, the differences being those of degree, not of form.
microRNA-Directed Phasing during Trans-Acting siRNA Biogenesis in Plants

Plants and animals use small RNAs (microRNAs [miRNAs] and siRNAs) as guides for posttranscriptional and epigenetic regulation. In plants, miRNAs and trans-acting (ta) siRNAs form through distinct biogenesis pathways, although they both interact with target transcripts and guide cleavage. An integrated approach to identify targets of Arabidopsis thaliana miRNAs and ta-siRNAs revealed several new classes of small RNA-regulated genes, including conventional genes such as Argonaute2 and an E2-ubiquitin conjugating enzyme. Surprisingly, five ta-siRNA-generating transcripts were identified as targets of miR173 or miR390. Rather than functioning as negative regulators, miR173- and miR390-guided cleavage was shown to set the 21-nucleotide phase for ta-siRNA precursor processing. These data support a model in which miRNA-guided formation of a 5' or 3' terminus within pre-ta-siRNA transcripts, followed by RDR6-dependent formation of dsRNA and Dicer-like processing, yields phased ta-siRNAs that negatively regulate other genes.
Performance Analysis of the HURRAN Tropical Cyclone Forecast System

Abstract The HURRAN (hurricane analog) technique, a fully computerized objective forecast aid making use of past tracks in forecasting hurricane motion, was developed prior to the 1969 hurricane season. Encouraging operational results during the 1969 and 1970 hurricane seasons suggested further evaluation of the technique. To this end, HURRAN computations were made for approximately 1,000 forecast situations. Results are stratified according to initial direction and speed of movement of the sample storms and the number of analogs selected. The utility of the technique is discussed, and the importance of position accuracy at forecast time is demonstrated. Initial indications of the value of the technique are substantiated.
A gold-catalysed enantioselective Cope rearrangement of achiral 1,5-dienes

Since the discovery of the Cope rearrangement in the 1940s, no asymmetric variant of the rearrangement of achiral 1,5-dienes has emerged, despite the successes that have been achieved with its heteroatom variants (Claisen, aza-Cope, and so on). This article reports the first example of an enantioselective Cope reaction that starts from an achiral diene. The new gold(I) catalyst derived from double Cl(-)-abstraction of ((S)-3,5-xylyl-PHANEPHOS(AuCl)(2)), has been developed for the sigmatropic rearrangement of alkenyl-methylenecyclopropanes. The reaction proceeds at low temperature and the synthetically useful vinylcyclopropane products are obtained in high yield and enantioselectivity. Density functional theory calculations predict that: (1) the reaction proceeds via a cyclic carbenium ion intermediate, (2) the relief of strain in the methylenecyclopropane moiety provides the thermodynamic driving force for the rearrangement and (3) metal complexation of the transition-state structure lowers the rearrangement barriers.
Some aspects of corticosteroid‐induced cleft palate: A review

Since the discovery 25 years ago that cortisone can produce cleft palate in mouse embryos investigations into possible mechanisms of this corticosteroid-induced defect have been many and varied. However, the teratogenic mode of action remains not fully clarified. It is with this thought in mind that we have reflected upon what is known concerning corticosteroids and cleft palate. The major metabolic pathways upon which glucocorticoids act as well as their intracellular mode of action are well known. Differential sensitivity of various mouse strains to cortisone treatment as well as recent results from interstrain blastocyst transfer experiments demonstrate that corticosteroid action is influenced by both the fetal and maternal genomes. Labeling experiments indicate that corticosteroid-induced cleft palate is the result of direct action of the steroid molecule on the fetus, whose own sensitivity to insult, perhaps owing to differences in binding of corticosteroids to tissue proteins, determines the final effect. Possible mechanisms that have been proposed by which corticoids may produce cleft palate include: disruption of glycosaminoglycan or collagen synthesis or both, intracellular lysosomal membrane stabilization, myopathy, weakened midline fusion, and loss of amniotic fluid. Also discussed is the role of stress and stress-induced corticosteroids and their possible role in the production of cleft palate.
Simulations of SAR imagery of the ocean compared with data

Spectra of SAR images of the ocean have been simulated using quasilinear, velocity-bunching, and full time-dependent modelling. These simulations have been compared with X, C, and L-band imagery collected during the SAXON-FPN experiment using parameter values measured from the research tower, FPN, during the experiment. The results indicate that in most cases the three models agree well with each other and with actual imagery within the domain of applicability of each model. This is to be expected since the various models are simply different approximations to the full SAR imaging theory. The authors show that a coherence time approximation is not adequate to explain the azimuthal roll-off observed in SAR image spectra at all altitudes. They also find shifts of the spectral peak of azimuthally-travelling waves in both the simulations and images compared to measured buoy spectra; these can be understood in terms of the imaging mechanism. Finally, they find that the phase of the MTF measured on the tower cannot explain the observed artificial tilt of spectra of range-travelling waves, in agreement with the results of Bruning et al. 1993. >
Resolution techniques for density and heterogeneity in the earth.

Summary Least-squares iterations with penaltji functions have been carried out on the fine structural Earth model CAL5, basedon observationsof eigenvibrations, surface waves and body waves. The penalty function formalism provides a more objective treatment for programming inversions. The value of cubic splines to control the smoothness of the variations is demonstrated. A revised set of observed torsional eigenfrequencies is used following a maximum entropy spectral estimation of the 1960 Trieste record by Bolt and R. Currie. On the assumption that the observations are independent and normally distributed, a simple procedure is derived to calculate the trade-off functions between spread and variance for density estimates. The present resolvability of density and the index of homogeneity at a number of levels of the Earth are then assessed. Iterate CALSIlA is a plausible Earth model having an overall standard error of 1.83 s from 39 eigenvibration observations. Expectations This paper repoi ts on the effectiveness of three theoretical techniques developed in continuing work on various aspects of structure and physical properties of the Earth (Bolt 1973). A considerable number of mathematical and numerical schemes has been developed in recent years to guide the estimation of optimal Earth models from a wide variety of seismological observations. In a number of respects, however, the overall inversion on a computer of large amounts of data remains an art. Much implicit judgment is still incorporated into the logic of the specialized machine programs; only at a fcw centres possessing computers of the highest speed and memory capacity can global inversion be undertaken at all. Towards a simplification (and perhaps ‘ standardization ’) of inversion procedures we have employed a new method of representation of the model parameters. Pointwise sampling of the velocity and density functions has been the common procedure, both for the assignation of shell parameters in the integration and for the selection of the free parameters for adjustment in the inversions (see e.g. Derr 1968; Dziewonski & Gilbert 1972; Mizutani & Abe 1972; Jordan & Anderson 1974). This approach has led to some confusion between competing models and also it produces adjustments in the form of delta-like offsets which must be smoothed according to some rule. We have found that cubic splines have special features that are valuable in representing parameters of Earth models as a function of the radius. It is natural
The Significance of Endothelin in Platelet Activating Factor-Induced Fetal Growth Restriction

The significance of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced fetal growth restriction (FGR) was evaluated in timed-pregnant rats receiving intravenous carbamyl-PAF (c-PAF; 0.5, 1.0, or 2.5 µg/kg per h) or vehicle, with or without ET-1 receptor A (ETA) antagonist (10 or 20 mg/kg per d) for 7 days beginning on gestation day 14. Tissues were collected on day 21. Carbamyl-PAF reduced fetal weights dose dependently. Placental weights were significantly reduced but not dose dependently. ETA antagonism prevented FGR at the 0.5, but not the 1.0 and 2.5 µg/kg per h c-PAF doses. Correspondingly, placental, but not uterine, preproET-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression (determined by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction) was increased at 0.5 µg/kg per h but not at higher c-PAF doses. In summary, c-PAF infusion results in fetal and placental growth restriction in the rat. At low doses of c-PAF, ET-1 is central to the pathophysiology of PAF-induced FGR. At higher c-PAF doses, FGR is induced by mechanisms other than ET-1 action.
Flight test and simulation results of an integrated dual airborne laser scanner and inertial navigator for UAV applications

This paper discusses an integrated dual airborne laser scanner (DALS)/inertial (INS) navigator for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). The discussed navigator enables UAV operations over environments for which no a priori terrain data is available and trajectories for which loop closure is not a possibility. The system was designed, implemented and, in the absence of a UAV platform with enough capacity to carry the airborne laser scanner systems, flight tested onboard Ohio University's DC-3 aircraft over Athens, Ohio, USA. The proposed DALS/INS systems can be used as an alternative means of navigation in GPS-denied and unknown terrain environments. In these environments the usual navigation solution based on the integration of GPS and INS is no longer available. This paper addresses both a feedforward and a feedback coupled implementation of DALS/INS. Furthermore, both simulation results and actual DC-3 flight test results are shown.
Detection of multiple human papillomavirus genotypes in anal carcinoma.

Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor for development of anal squamous cell carcinoma. Despite over 100 genotypes of the virus, HPV 16 and 18 are considered pathogenic as they are seen in the majority of cervical and anal cancers. We have employed a custom microarray to examine DNA for several HPV genotypes. We aimed to determine the accuracy of our microarray in anal cancer DNA for HPV genotypes compared to the DNA sequencing gold standard. Methods: We utilized a sensitive microarray platform to classify 37 types of mucosal HPVs including 14 known high-risk and 23 low-risk types based on cervical cancer data. We utilized DNA from pathologically confirmed cases of anal squamous cell carcinoma. All samples underwent microarray HPV genotyping and PCR analysis. Results: HPV was detected in 18/20 (90%) anal cancers. HPV genotypes 16 and 18 were present in the majority of specimens, with HPV 16 being the most common. Eighty percent of anal cancers had at least two HPV types. Ten percent of cases (2/20) tested negative using our microarray; DNA sequencing confirmed the lack of presence of HPV DNA in these samples. Conclusions: Microarray technology is an accurate way to screen for various genotypes of HPV in anal cancer, with 100% correlation with genomic DNA detection of HPV. The majority of anal cancers in our study associated with pathogenic HPV 16 and/or 18. Other HPV genotypes are present simultaneously with HPV 16 and 18, and might contribute to its pathogenesis.
SKETCH-N-MAKE: AUTOMATED MACHINING OF CAD SKETCHES

Sketch-N-Make is a prototype system that enables individuals to create dimensioned designs quickly for a restricted, but broadly useful, domain of machined metal and plastic prismatic parts. Process plans, xturing, tool selection, feeds and speeds, and toolpaths are automatically generated from the designs allowing parts to be manufactured on a machining center with the aid only of a technician who prepares and loads the stock and cutting tools. The system employs a gestural interface that exploits familiar pencil sketching paradigms to allow users to create and manipulate geometry without specifying the details required for manufacturing. The system transforms the geometry into a highlevel feature-based model that represents the geometry and additional information from which machining features are derived. The sketching interface has mechanisms to constrain and parameterize 3D model geometry in ways required for precise part design and design iteration. The user can modify iteratively the geometric representation causing the system to automatically update the feature-based model accordingly. Then the system generates the necessary machining operations to manufacture the geometry on a machining center according to a family of process plans. The synergy between the choices for part domain, user interface, and process plan family helps provide a smooth and rapid
Apodized diffractive intraocular lens implantation after laser in situ keratomileusis with or without subsequent excimer laser enhancement.

Purpose To evaluate the long-term refractive and visual outcomes of apodized diffractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with or without subsequent excimer laser enhancement. Setting University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas, USA. Design Comparative case series. Methods This study comprised consecutive patients who had implantation of an AcrySof ReSTOR multifocal IOL after previous LASIK. Included were eyes that had refractive surgery enhancement with a Visx Star S4 excimer laser for residual refractive error correction and eyes that had neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy. Results Of the 49 eyes (38 patients), 21 (42.9%) had laser enhancement and 25 (51.0%) had an Nd:YAG capsulotomy. The mean follow-up was 14.2 months ± 7.23 (SD) (range 9 to 29 months). Although the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was significantly worse in eyes with enhancement than in those with no enhancement at 1 month and 6 months ( P P >.05). At the last follow-up, 36 (73.5%) of the 49 eyes had a UDVA of 20/25 or better and an uncorrected near visual acuity of Jaeger 1 or better concurrently; 46 eyes (93.9%) were within ±1.00 diopter (D) of emmetropia, and 41 (83.7%) were within ±0.50 D. Conclusion Apodized diffractive multifocal IOL implantation and excimer laser enhancement in eyes with previous myopic LASIK provided good results. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Additional disclosure is found in the footnotes.
Differences in Mechano-Transducer Channel Kinetics Underlie Tonotopic Distribution of Fast Adaptation in Auditory Hair Cells

The first step in audition is a deflection of the sensory hair bundle that opens mechanically gated channels, depolarizing the sensory hair cells. Two mechanism of adaptation of mechano-electric tr...
Sexual Selection and Humor in Courtship: A Case for Warmth and Extroversion

This investigation examines a sexual selection-based argument regarding humor’s role in courtship (i.e., humor production signals intelligence/creativity). Lens model (n =100) analyses suggest that...
Emily Alyssa Halpern Keram, MD: The Not So Accidental Forensic Psychiatrist

With the passing of the gavel at the recently concluded 45th annual meeting of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (AAPL), Emily Keram, MD, who has described herself as “the accidental forensic psychiatrist,” became the 41st president of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
Wavelength Modulation Absorption Spectroscopy with 2f Detection for Combustion Temperature Measurements Using Multiplexed Near-Infrared Diode Lasers

Wavelength-multiplexed diode lasers are used to probe second-harmonic line shapes of several near-infrared water absorption features in order to infer gas temperatures in combustion flows. Previous work has detailed and demonstrated the simplicity of 2f peak ratio thermometry over large temperature ranges provided that modulation depths are optimized for isolated water transitions. Recent efforts have been made to extend the 2f peak ratio thermometry strategy to broadened and blended spectra. A fixed-wavelength 2f ratio technique for broad spectral features is described, along with results from laboratory validations performed on heated water vapor mixtures at pressures up to 5 atm. Preliminary results show good agreement with simulations and demonstrate the utility of this method for various applications involving broad spectral features.
Arctic ampeliscid amphipods: three new species

ABSTRACT Three new amphipod species in the family Ampeliscidae, Ampelisca erythrorhabdota, Byblis robustus, and Byblis frigidis, are described from the shallow shelf waters of the northern Bering and southern Chukchi seas. Ampelisca erythrorhabdota is most closely related to Ampelisca macrocephala and differs mainly in the color patterns of unpreserved specimens and size at maturity. Byblis frigidis differs from its closest relative, Byblis breviramus, in having longer antennae, spines on both edges of article 6, pereiopod 7, and in lacking the enlarged lateral spine on the end of the peduncle of uropod 1. Byblis robustus differs from other Byblis in having antennae of almost equal length and a distinctly triangular shape of the posterior lobe of pereiopod 7.
Transient Growth due to Surface Roughness: Theory, Simulation and Experiment

Boundary layer receptivity to physically realizable, sub-optimal disturbances has attracted research efforts using theoretical, experimental and numerical tools. Progress requires these approaches be used in a complementary fashion and reach mutual agreement. The present work compares results from each on the sub-optimal transient growth due to surface roughness. New experimental error analyses and comparison to direct numerical simulation (DNS) is shown for three-dimensional discrete roughness elements. Biorthogonal decomposition of DNS results to obtain the continuous spectrum distribution is presented and contrasted with optimal and linear receptivity cases. Realizable disturbances are shown to be sub-optimal and to evolve linearly over large portions of the measurement domain. A technique for performing the decomposition into continuous spectrum modes without pressure and wall-normal velocity measurements is demonstrated and is shown to be effective when the measurable disturbances are of sufcient accuracy.
Application of ultrasound integrated backscatter in measurement of hyperthyroidism

Objective:The integrated backscatter or IBS is applied to evaluate thyroid level.Comparing the IBS with the hyperparathyroidism patients and normal subjects is aimed to detect the IBS changes and reference value of thyroid in hyperparathyroidism.Methods:All the subjects were classified into 2 groups: patients and normal subjects.All value,IBS% value,PPI value and SDI value of all subjects thyroid were examined(Sonos 5500),then respectively to compare.Results:Thyroid parenchyma IBS% value of patient group distinctly decreased.Compared with a control group,they were statistically different.Thyroid parenchyma PPI,SDI values of patient group distinctly decreased compared with control group,and they was statistically different.Conclusion:The IBS technique can classify the difference between the physiological and pathological state of thyroid levels to some degree and diagnose releoant diseases.
Concentration of Some Major and Trace Elements in Honeybees, Royal Jelly and Pollens, Determined By Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

SummaryAtomic absorption techniques were used to determine K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in samples of pollens from corn (Zea mays), Citrus, longleaf and loblolly pines (Pinus taeda, P. palustris) and of mixed bee-collected pollens. On the basis of these analyses a salt mixture for inclusion in diets for adult honeybees is suggested. The same elements were determined in adult worker honeybees, and separately in heads, thoraces and abdomens, and in royal jelly. The K/Na ratio for the whole bodies of adult bees and for royal jelly varied from about 5 to 8, and the Mg/Ca ratio varied from 2 to 4. Mn was present in unusually large quantities in adult bees, with a range from 102 to 270 ppm. The major elements in each body region were K, Na and Mg, with the greatest concentration in the head. Mn, Ca, Cu and Zn occurred in larger amounts than expected in the abdominal region. The cations K, Na, Cu, Fe and Mn were concentrated from pollen by adult bees. Ca was present in bees in much lower concentration than i...
Corticosteroids for the treatment of sore throat.

In adults with suspected bacterial pharyngitis who require antibiotic therapy, adding a corticosteroid may increase the likelihood of complete pain resolution at 24 hours. Further study is needed to assess the safety of corticosteroids and whether they can be recommended for presumed viral pharyngitis or for children.
A rate dependent kinetic theory of fracture for polymers

In this paper we develop a rate dependent theory of fracture for polymers valid for variable stress histories. The theory is developed within the framework of the kinetic theory of fracture of solids and compared to experiments for variable stress history loadings. A significant aspect of the theory is the introduction of a crack damage state variable which quantifies submicroscopic crack damage prior to macroscopic failure of the material. A first order differential equation governing the time evolution of the crack damage variable is developed based on first principles of statistical physics. The theory is shown to accurately predict the ultimate stress of polymethyl-methacrylate for constant stress rate loadings ranging over 5 orders of magnitude as well as variable stress histories which include creep and stress rate conditions. Furthermore, the theory predicts qualitatively correct results for submicrocrack concentration under both constant stress and constant stress rate conditions.
Gas-phase detection of solid-state fission product complexes for post-detonation nuclear forensic analysis

This study presents the first known detection of fission products commonly found in post-detonation nuclear debris samples using solid sample introduction and a uniquely coupled gas chromatography inductively-coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Rare earth oxides were chemically altered to incorporate a ligand that enhances the volatility of the samples. These samples were injected (as solids) into the aforementioned instrument and detected for the first time. Repeatable results indicate the validity of the methodology, and this capability, when refined, will prove to be a valuable asset for rapid post-detonation nuclear forensic analysis.
Acute flaccid myelitis: A clinical review of US cases 2012–2015

This review highlights clinical features of the increasing cases of acute flaccid paralysis associated with anterior myelitis noted in the United States from 2012 to 2015. Acute flaccid myelitis refers to acute flaccid limb weakness with spinal cord gray matter lesions on imaging or evidence of spinal cord motor neuron injury on electrodiagnostic testing. Although some individuals demonstrated improvement in motor weakness and functional deficits, most have residual weakness a year or more after onset. Epidemiological evidence and biological plausibility support an association between enterovirus D68 and the recent increase in acute flaccid myelitis cases in the United States. Ann Neurol 2016;80:326-338.
The Profit-Motive and Morality

Our attitudes towards the profit-motive are more vexed than might at first appear. On the one hand, we typically deem profit-seeking socially desirable, even necessary. We appreciate the plethora of commodities that markets, fuelled by the profit-motive, produce and, like Adam Smith, are well aware that it is not from the benevolence of the butcher or the baker that we expect to find bread or meat upon our table.
Chloramphenicol toxicity associated with severe cardiac dysfunction.

A 9-month-old infant experienced severe chloramphenicol toxicity associated with high serum levels (313 μg/ml). Cardiovascular collapse with cardiomyopathic changes and impaired left ventricular function was documented by echocardiography. Serial echocardiographic evaluation showed resolution of the cardiomyopathic findings as the chloramphenicol levels were spontaneously cleared. Clinical course was complicated by the development of liver disease and coagulopathy compatible with disseminated intravascular consumption. Patient's recovery was complete and uneventful, nevertheless, chloramphenicol toxicity in childhood is associated with a significant mortality rate of 40%. The related impaired cardiac function, although reversible, appears to play a major role in the pathogenesis and eventual outcome in this syndrome.
Optimized location of biomass bales stack for efficient logistics

Abstract Producers often aggregate bales into stacks before transporting these bales to an outlet for consumption or delivery to industrial applications. Efficiency improvement in this infield bale logistics will be beneficial. To address this an R simulation program involving five methods for field stack location, namely field middle, middle data range, centroid, geometric median, and medoid, as well as origin (a direct aggregation method to outlet), were developed. These methods were evaluated against field areas, ranging from 0.5 to 520 ha, for infield bale logistics (aggregation, transport, and total) using Euclidean distances. The simulation used several input field variables, laid out bales based on yield variation, determined optimized bale stack locations of methods, and evaluated distances of aggregation to the stack, transport from the stack to the outlet, and total logistics. The origin method used 1-bale handling tractor for direct aggregation to the outlet, while others formed the bale stacks and transported bales to the outlet using 6-bales/trip equipment. Results indicated for aggregation that geometric median was the best, followed by field middle or centroid, middle data range, medoid, and finally origin. Methods aggregation were about 76% and transport about 24% of the total (for > 2 ha); and total distance were about 65% of the origin. ANOVA, excluding origin, indicated that all methods were not significantly different ( p R 2 > 0.99) all the logistics distances.
A New Direction: Nanotubes

The recent discovery of various stoichiometries of B x C y N z nanotubes provides an interesting application for the formalism covered in the previous chapters. A nanotube can be described as a long thin strip, cut out of a single atomic plane of material, rolled to form a cylinder with a diameter of nanometer scale and a length on the order of microns. This chapter will discuss the discovery of tubes of various layered materials, give a theoretical formulation of the cylindrical nanostructures, show some experimental work done on the mechanical behavior of carbon tubes and provide possible applications of this material in the future.
Filtered Dynamic Inversion for Time Delay Systems

This paper addresses the problem of command following for linear, multi-input multi-output, time delay systems using filtered dynamic inversion. The dynamic inversion control input is obtained for linear time-delay systems utilizing the ring framework. This control input is combined with a low-pass-filter to construct a high-gain-stabilizing controller. It is shown that the time-delay-filtered-dynamic-inversion (TD-FDI) uses output feedback, reference-model-input feed-forward, and only requires limited model information. Numerical simulations demonstrate that for sufficiently large choice of a single control parameter, TD-FDI makes the L∞ of the command-following error arbitrarily small.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Plant diversity and community composition in eastern North American serpentine barrens

Abstract Serpentine barrens are globally rare, savanna habitats that support distinctive vegetation. In eastern North America, two major threats to serpentine barrens are the spread of invasive species and the encroachment of trees into open habitats. We assessed these threats by comparing serpentine savannas and woodlands in the State Line serpentine barrens, southeast Pennsylvania. We asked which invasive species were most frequent and abundant in each habitat and how they may affect plant diversity and community composition and how succession of savannas to woodlands may affect plant diversity and community composition. We compared species richness, evenness, diversity, and beta diversity between savannas and adjacent woodlands and quantified differences in community composition. Invasive species comprised 16% of total plant cover, and the most frequent invasive species were Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus, Lonicera japonica Thunb., and Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. Savannas had substantially great...
Abstract WP434: The SAH score: An Outcome prediction model

Objective: To create a reliable model for predicting mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) based on admission variables. Background: Hunt & Hess grade is commonly used as a ...
Synthetic time reversal and remote acoustic sensing of changes in a vibrating structure

Synthetic time reversal (STR) is a method for blind deconvolution that is based on the time-reversal symmetry of acoustic fields. It can be used to estimate an unknown acoustic source’s broadcast waveform in an unknown multipath environment from remote transducer array recordings. This presentation will review the formulation of STR, and its use in ocean acoustics and non-destructive evaluation. In particular, experimental results are presented for the remote acoustic detection of mechanical changes to a vibrating 0.3-m-square by 3-mm-thick aluminum plate in a reverberant environment. The plate has nominally clamped edges and is subject to swept-frequency base excitation from 100 to 2,000 Hz. Sound radiated from the plate with and without a mechanical change is recorded remotely with a 15-microphone linear array and processed using STR to reconstruct a single radiated-sound signal that is deconvolved from the environment’s unknown reverberation response at signal-to-reverberation ratio levels of -7 to -13 dB. The corrected signals are processed to detect boundary clamping defects and various length cuts in the plate via standard statistical baseline comparison techniques. Detection results using STR are superior and more robust to geometrical uncertainties than equivalent results from conventional approaches. [Sponsored by ONR and NAVSEA through the NEEC]
Microanalysis of Particle-Based Uranium, Thorium, and Plutonium in Nuclear Workers' House Dust

Abstract Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDS), a technique not routinely used to detect radiation, was used to identify radioactive particulate matter in hous...
Assessment of Environmental Damage by Fossil Fuels

The objective of this study is to identify the negative effects of the fossil fuels use and to evaluate their economic significance. An economic value of the damage for each of the analyzed effects has been estimated in US dollars per unit energy of the fuel used ($/GJ). This external costs of fossil fuel use should be added to their existing market price, and such real costs should be compared with the real costs of other, environmentally acceptable, energy alternatives, such as hydrogen.
Diodes and Power Transistors

A knowledge of quantum mechanics and solid-state physics is necessary background for comprehending the details of the operation of semiconductor devices. However, for this text, it is sufficient to have a general understanding of transistor behavior. The following description is intended to present a physical explanation of bipolar transistor operation, which will provide the basis for power transistor application limitations and unique characteristics [1], [2].
A mutant in Escherichia coli energy-uncoupled for lactose transport; A defect in the lactose-operon

Abstract From a K 12 strain (X71) a mutant (X71-54) has been isolated which possesses a severe defect in the active transport of thiomethyl-galactoside without reduction in total membrane carriers as assayed by o-nitrophenylgalactoside entry. Several lines of evidence suggest that the mutant is defective in the energy-coupling mechanism to the lactose transport system. This energy-uncoupled property and the lactose operon were co-transduced (via P 1 ) into a lactose deleted strain (Ca 77).
Emergence and seedling growth of soybean cultivars and maturity groups under salinity

Soybean is an important agricultural crop and has, among its genotypes, a relatively wide variation in salt tolerance. As measured by vegetative growth and yield, however, the achievement or failure of a high emergence ratio and seedling establishment in saline soils can have significant economic implications in areas where soil salinity is a potential problem for soybean. This study was conducted to determine the effects of salinity, variety and maturation rate on soybean emergence and seedling growth. Included in the study were the variety ‘Manokin’; four near-isogenic sibling lines of the variety ‘Lee’ belonging to maturity groups IV, V, VI and VII; and the variety ‘Essex’ and two of its near-isogenic related lines representing maturity groups V, VI and VII, respectively. Field plots were salinized with sodium chloride and calcium chloride salts prior to planting. The soybeans were irrigated with furrow irrigation which redistributed the salts towards the tail ends of the field plots. Elevated soil salinity near the tail ends of the field significantly reduced soybean emergence rate, shoot height and root length. No significant reduction was found for emergence or seedling growth of variety ‘Manokin’ when the electrical conductivity of soil solution extract (ECe) was less than 3 dS m−1. Soybean emergence and seedling growth was significantly reduced when soil ECe reached about 11 dS m−1. Maturity groups V and VII of variety ‘Lee’ or V and VI of ‘Essex’ appeared to be more sensitive to salinity stress than other maturity groups. Salt tolerance of different genotypes and maturity groups should be considered, among other limiting factors, in minimizing salinity effects on soybean growth.
ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF MARKOV CHAINS: A SURVEY

Abstract Adaptive policies are computationally attractive procedures for controlling systems whose dynamics involve unknown parameters. The paper organizes a survey of the literature in terms of the convergence properties of proposed adaptive policies and the restrictions imposed on the unknown parameters. Suggestions for future research are summarized in the conclusion.
Introduction to the Mechanism of Phototherapy of Jaundice and Related Technology

Jaundice of the newborn (neonatal hyperbilirubinemia) has been recognized as a potentially serious condition of newborn infants since antiquity. More than 15 per cent of all newborns exhibit clinical (visually observable) jaundice during the first few days of life. Prior to the 1940s, when exchange transfusion was introduced as treatment, kernicterus (bilirubin encephalopathy) was a leading cause of neonatal death and cerebral palsy. Jaundice is a descriptive term for the yellow-orange coloration observed in the skin (and sclera of the eyes) of individuals who have accumulated the pigment bilirubin in their bodies from any of a large number of possible causes. In the newborn infant a complex series of factors including immaturity of the enzyme systems of the liver, short life span of fetal erythrocytes, birth trauma, lack of colonic flora, etc. all combine to raise serum bilirubin concentrations [1].
A Kantian virtue epistemology: rational capacities and transcendental arguments

In this paper, I’ll sketch an approach to epistemology that draws its inspiration from two aspects of Kant’s philosophical project. In particular, I want to explore how we might develop a Kantian conception of rationality that combines (1) a virtue-theoretical perspective on the nature of rationality with (2) a role for transcendental arguments in defining the demands this conception of rationality places upon us as thinkers. In discussing these connections, I’ll proceed as follows. First, I’ll describe the sorts of epistemological questions I’ll be focusing on, and the framework within which I’ll try to address them. Then I’ll say a bit about the connections between this framework on Kant’s own views. Next, I’ll explain in more detail how the two main elements of this framework relate to one another by explaining how a certain sort of “transcendental argument” allows us to derive conclusions about the requirements of rationality from facts about the nature of rational capacities. Then, I’ll briefly illustrate these connections with two examples: (1) the rationality of explanatory inference like inference to the best explanation and (2) the rationality of perceptual belief. Finally, I’ll conclude by saying a bit about the relevance of this ideas for debates about the rationality of basic beliefs or prior probabilities.
Clinical movement assessments do not differ between collegiate athletes with and without chronic ankle instability

Abstract Objectives To determine if overall Landing Error Scoring System-17 (LESS-17) and Fusionetics scores differ between collegiate athletes with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI). We also aimed to determine if the rate of specific movement errors during the LESS-17 and Fusionetics differed between the groups. Design Case-Control. Setting Clinical Sports Medicine Facility. Participants Ninety-nine athletes from six Division I NCAA sports were eligible for the investigation. Forty-nine of those participants were classified as having CAI and fifty were classified as uninjured controls. Main outcome measures An overall Lower Extremity Fusionetics score and individual task scores were calculated based on movement errors made during a double limb, double-limb with heel lift, and single limb squat. A LESS-17 score was calculated based on movement errors made during a 30 cm drop jump. Results No differences were found between groups for the LESS-17 (p = 0.51), overall Lower Extremity Fusionetics (p = 0.49), and individual Fusionetics tasks (p > 0.36). More individuals with CAI made an uncontrolled trunk movement during a single-limb squat than uninjured controls (p Conclusions Overall movement quality, as assessed by the LESS-17 and Fusionetics, did not differ between collegiate athletes with and without CAI. The rate of making specific movement errors also did not differ between groups.
S-Wave azimuthal anisotropy: an effective tool for stress monitoring

Reservoir monitoring is required in understanding reservoir behaviour under dynamic conditions associated with enhanced oil recovery processes related to carbon dioxide injection and shale reservoir development through multistage hydraulic fracturing. Geochemical and geomechanical changes associated with these processes may affect reservoir permeability both positively and negatively. These changes need to be monitored to understand the causative mechanism of these changes and to mitigate potential harmful effects including damage to our reservoirs. Completion and production processes cause dynamic changes in reservoir properties. The most accurate geophysical tool for monitoring these changes is time-lapse, multi-component seismology, specifically enabling the use of shear wave azimuthal anisotropy for reservoir monitoring of effective stresses in the reservoir. Studies over the past 23 years by the Reservoir Characterization Project (RCP) document the power of shear wave azimuthal anisotropy to observe and quantify stress changes in our reservoirs. Our studies focus on carbonate and clastic rocks where changes in rigidity, detected using measurements of shear wave azimuthal anisotropy, are the primary observations to infer reservoir processes. All projects are full waveform data volumes utilizing both vertical and horizontal vibrators as P- and S-wave sources recorded by multi-component geophones. This paper portrays results of time-lapse, multi-component studies at Vacuum, Weyburn, and Wattenberg Fields conducted by the Reservoir Characterization Project. Both Vacuum and Weyburn Fields are carbonate reservoirs undergoing tertiary recovery using CO2 injection. Wattenberg Field is a mixed carbonate/shale reservoir undergoing horizontal drilling and multistage hydraulic fracturing. Results show that stress changes associated with the reservoir processes involving enhanced oil recovery and hydraulic fracturing result in shear wave azimuthal anisotropy changes detected using time-lapse, multi-component seismic data.