cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alcohol's Effects on Goal-Related Appraisals and Communicative Behaviors

Guided by research demonstrating that intoxication impairs cognitive processing, this study examined the effects of drinking on goal-related appraisals and communication behavior during cooperative interactions. In it, 42 male teams played four rounds of a cooperative game whereby one person produced clues and the other guessed the category the clues described. One partner was sober and the other was randomly assigned to drinking condition (sober or breath alcohol count of .08 g/dl). Analyses compared the appraisals and behaviors of the participant randomly assigned to drinking condition. Intoxicated participants felt less anxious and judged games as less challenging yet did not feel they had more control compared to their sober counterparts. Behaviorally, intoxicated participants exhibited more persistence yet were less flexible in goal pursuit than were sober participants. Ultimately, intoxicated—sober dyads had more success than did sober—sober dyads. Implications for message production under the influ...
Stabilization of two-dimensional single-input bilinear systems with a finite number of constant feedback controllers

In this paper, we consider the control problem of stabilizing a class of two-dimensional bilinear systems with a finite number of constant feedback controllers along with appropriate switchings. We show that the bilinear systems under consideration are stabilizable either by one constant feedback controller, or by two such controllers, or that they are not stabilizable by a finite number of such controllers.
Cytological and evolutionary implications of aberrant chromosome behavior in the harlequin lobe of some Pentatomidae (Heteroptera).

1. In the harlequin lobe of 21 species of Pentatomidae, the spermatogenesis always undergoes bizarre deviations from a normal meiosis. 2. The deviations affect the meiotic pairing in most cases and also involve irregularities in the meiotic divisions which result in a highly variable number of chromosomes in the spermatids. 3. There is good evidence that the chemical conditions within the harlequin lobe differ from those in normal lobes and that they are responsible for alterations in isopycnotic chromosomes that are most strikingly manifest in their mitotic behavior. 4. Evidently the changed chemical environment has comparatively little effect on chromatin which is in the heteropycnotic state. Hence the mitotic behavior of the sex chromosomes in the harlequin lobe is normal, and autosomes that are predominantly heteropycnotic show less deviation from the normal than do isopycnotic chromosomes. 5. The radically different behavior of chromosomes in adjoining regions of the same testis is a demonstration of the fact that chromosomal behavior is, to a considerable extent, determined by their immediate environment. 6. The question of how so wasteful an organ as the harlequin lobe could have been evolved, is briefly considered.
The effects of early saline injections and pentylenetetrazol on Hebb-Williams maze performance in the adult rat.

Albino rats were given intraperitoneal injections of either saline or 15 mg/kg pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) from 15 to 35 days of age, and then again at maturity, prior to testing in a Hebb-Williams maze. Those animals given saline while immature and again as adults made more errors than rats never injected, or those receiving saline only as adults. Rats receiving PTZ during development and/or at maturity performed as well as nontreated controls, suggesting that the drug may have counteracted the disrupting effects of the early injections. Injections at maturity were given on alternate days of testing, and all rats, including noninjected animals, made significantly more errors on days in which treatments were given. Thus, even saline injections can have an immediate effect on performance, and can influence behavior of noninjected animals tested in the same apparatus.
Planetary Camera imaging of the counter-rotating core galaxy NGC 4365

We analyze F555W(V) band Planetary Camera images of NGC 4365, for which ground-based spectroscopy has revealed a misaligned, counter-rotating core. Line profile analysis by Surma indicates that the counter-rotating component has a disk structure. After deconvolution and galaxy modeling, we find photometric evidence, at small radii to support this claim. There is no indication of a central point source or dust lane. The surface brightness profile reveals a steep outer profile and shallow, by not flat, inner profile with the inflection radius occurring at 1.8 sec. The inner profile is consistent with a cusp.
Family and Neighborhood Sources of Socioeconomic Inequality in Children's Achievement

We examined family and neighborhood sources of socioeconomic inequality in children’s reading and mathematics achievement using data from the 2000–2001 Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey. To describe inequality in achievement scores, we used Gini coefficients and concentration indices and multilevel regression models. We found no inequality in children’s achievement by family income when other variables in the model were held constant. Mother’s reading scores and average neighborhood levels of income accounted for the largest proportion of inequality in children’s achievement. Neighborhood economic status appears to be strongly associated with children’s skills acquisition.
Performance of fully coupled domain decomposition preconditioners for finite element transport/reaction simulations

In this paper, we describe an iterative linear system solution methodology used for parallel unstructured finite element simulation of strongly coupled fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer with nonequilibrium chemical reactions. The nonlinear/linear iterative solution strategies are based on a fully coupled Newton solver with preconditioned Krylov subspace methods as the underlying linear iteration. Our discussion considers computational efficiency, robustness and a number of practical implementation issues. The evaluated preconditioners are based on additive Schwarz domain decomposition methods which are applicable for totally unstructured meshes. A number of different aspects of Schwarz schemes are considered including subdomain solves, use of overlap and the introduction of a coarse grid solve (a two-level scheme). As we will show, the proper choice among domain decomposition options is often critical to the efficiency of the overall solution scheme. For this comparison we use a particular spatial discretization of the governing transport/reaction partial differential equations (PDEs) based on a stabilized finite element formulation. Results are presented for a number of standard 2D and 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) benchmark problems and some large 3D flow, transport and reacting flow application problems.
GLYCEROL INDUCED DECREASE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FORMATION

Glycerol is used in the treatment of increased intracranial pressure, cerebral edema, and hydrocephalus in infants. The effects of glycerol on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics have not been studied. Accordingly, we studied the acute effect of glycerol administration on CSF production in nine anaesthetized mongrel dogs. CSF formation rates were measured by ventriculo-cisternal perfusion utilizing artificial spinal fluid and albumin - I131. Serial measurements of CSF formation rates and serum osmolalities were obtained during an eight hour period, four hours preceding and following the nasogastric administration of 3gm/kg of glycerol. The mean rate of CSF formation during the control period was 0.04±0.02 ml/min decreasing to a trough of 0.01±0.01 ml/min at both 90 and 120 minutes post glycerol administration P < 0.025. When analyzing the decrease in CSF production using each dog as its own control, the change was significant at P < 0.001 level. Mean serum osmolality increased from 296 ± 4 mOsm/kg water to a maximum of 308 ± 7 mOsm/kg water at 90 minutes after glycerol administration. CSF production and serum osmolality were inversely related with an r value of -0.85. In summary, acute glycerol administration decreases CSF production in dogs. The rate of CSF production is inversely related to the increase in serum osmolality after glycerol administration.
Hilltop territoriality in a Sonoran desert bot fly (Diptera: Cuterebridae)

Males of an undescribed species of Cuterebra bot fly defend territories along ridge tops in the Sonoran desert of central Arizona. The most consistently occupied site, an 18 m2 territory at the peak of a ridge, was usually defended by a single male for the entire (2–2.5 h) flight period of the morning. An average of five other males visited the peaktop territory each day from mid-February to early June and engaged in chases with the resident before departing. The resident male was very likely to return the next day but was generally ousted by a successful usurper on this or the third day of his tenure. The behaviour of males of this species of Cuterebra resembles that of several other members of the genus, especially C. latifrons. The landmark-based territoriality of these flies is similar to lek territoriality as defined from mammalian and avian examples.
Sulfonated Polyphosphazene-Polybenzimidazole Membranes for DMFCs

Proton-conducting membranes were prepared from blends of sulfonated poly[bis(phenoxy)phosphazene] (SPOP) and polybenzimidazole (PBI), where the latter was used as a cross-linking component. The membranes were evaluated interms of room-temperature water swelling and proton conductivity, methanol permeability at 60°C, and direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) performance at 60°C with a 1.0 M methanol and air at atmospheric pressure. Initial screening of membranes was carried out using a "sandwich" membrane electrode assembly (MEA) design, where a polyphosphazene film was inserted between two half-MEAs made with Nafion 112. MEAs were also prepared by hot-pressing catalyst electrodes directly onto SPOP-PBI blended films. Comparable current-voltage data were obtained with the two MEA configurations. Membrane performance in a DMFC was dependent on the blend composition (ion-exchange capacity, IEC, of the SPOP and wt % of added PBI). For an 82 μm thick membrane composed of 1.2 mmol/g IEC SPOP with 3 wt % PBI, the maximum power density was 89 mW/cm 2 (vs. 96 mW/cm 2 with Nafion 117). while the methanol crossover was 2.6 times lower than that with Nafion 117.
Near the conflagration: the wide duty to warn

The "duty to warn" has become fixed in US law since the 1976 case of Tarasoff v Regents of the University of California. In that case, the California Supreme Court decided that psychotherapists whose patients make a specific, serious threat of violence against a specific, clearly identifiable potential victim have a duty to warn the intended victim, directly or indirectly, of the threat. Tarasoff inspired several successful and unsuccessful lawsuits. A recent Vermont case has extended the duty to warn in that state to a threat of damage to property when persons may be physically harmed. The duty to warn is explicitly based on considerations of social utility and, as such, is attractive for courts to expand because an apparently minimal effort by therapists will often prevent substantial harm to victims. Some states have codified the duty to warn in a statute, but other states have refused to adopt the Tarasoff reasoning. In the absence of clear legal decisions to the contrary, psychotherapists may well anticipate that the duty to warn operates in their states.
Liver-directed therapies in colorectal cancer

The liver is the most common site of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and the status of this organ is an important determinant of overall survival in patients with advanced disease. Complete resection of hepatic CRC metastases can provide a long-term cure for some patients, but the majority of liver metastases are not amenable to such surgery. Furthermore, most patients after curative resection ultimately suffer from recurrence, and the majority of such failures occur in the liver. Various ablative techniques can achieve local control of tumor after incomplete resection or for palliation. Tumor ablation currently has a secondary therapeutic role, as there is no evidence that it can achieve long-term survival comparable to surgical resection. Regional chemotherapy delivers tumoricidal agents in a selective fashion, minimizing systemic toxicity and damage to normal liver cells. Chemotherapy agents delivered through the hepatic artery can extend time to liver recurrence after curative resection and may prolong survival both in the adjuvant setting and when given to patients with unresectable disease. Molecular-based therapies, such as gene delivery and oncolytic viruses, provide promise for curative outcomes in patients with advanced disease.
Challenges facing COS development for aphasia.

Wallace, Worrall, Rose, and Le Dorze (2014) (WWR&L) present a balanced and comprehensive approach to the development of methods for assessing the outcomes of treatments for aphasia.The thoroughness...
A free boundary problem in lubrication theory

Etude d'un probleme a frontiere libre relatif a la theorie de la lubrification. Determination des proprietes de la frontiere libre
The role of the central nervous system in chronic congestive heart failure.

Abstract Even though congestive heart failure is extremely common, the mechanisms responsible for the clinical manifestations remain a puzzle. The central and autonomic (sympathetic) nervous systems are responsible for a large part of the clinical manifestations. The role of the nervous system in CHF is discussed briefly. It is evident that there are many gaps in knowledge that remain concerning the role of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems in congestive heart failure. The peripheral vascular constriction, increase in venous tone and pressure, tachycardia, sweating, 24–27 dermal pallor, and tension and anxiety in patients with CHF reflect generalized sympathetic nervous system activity and the influence of the central and autonomic nervous systems on the clinical syndrome of CHF.
Cadmium substitution for zinc in finger‐loop domains of gene‐regulating proteins as a possible mechanism for the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of cadmium compounds

Certain DNA‐binding proteins that control gene expression contain single or multiple copies of short polypeptide sequences, approximately 30 residues long, containing four Cys or His residues at defined spacing, so that Zn++ is complexed in tetrahedral coordination with thiol‐sulfur or imidazole‐nitrogen atoms. The Zn++ serves as a “strut”; that stabilizes folding of the domain into a “finger‐loop”;, which is capable of site‐specific binding to double‐stranded DNA. Since finger‐loops provide a molecular means to regulate genetic transcription, finger‐loop domains have been highly conserved during evolution. The present paper reviews the in vitro evidence that Cd++ can substitute for Zn++ in coordination sites of finger‐loop domains and suggests that in vivo occurrence of such substitution could result in genotoxicity. Cd++ substitution for Zn++ in finger‐loop domains of transforming proteins encoded by oncogenes is proposed as an hypothetical mechanism of cadmium carcinogenesis.
Derivation of equation for cost of premature pavement failure

With the continuing interest in performance-related specifications and the development of software packages to compute the appropriate level of payment associated with variable levels of quality, there is a need for a simple, easily understood method to validate the output of these computer programs. A standard validation procedure is to create realistic hypothetical cases that can be calculated readily by hand and then to compare the results with the output of the procedure under test. An equation is derived that can serve two extremely useful purposes: it can be used as a validation tool for software currently under development, or it can be used directly to establish pay schedules that award payment appropriate for the level of quality received.
Anaerobic fermentation: Microbes from ruminants

Abstract Fed-batch fermentation of biomass could provide a route for direct conversion of renewable resources to commercially significant chemicals. The ecosystem in the forestomach (rumen) of ruminants provides a highly reduced environment (oxidation-reduction potential of −250 to −450 mV) in which anaerobic bacteria directly utilize cellulose, hemicellulose, and other fermentable biomass constituents to produce acetate, butyrate, propionate, methane and carbon dioxide at pH 5.7 to 7.3. The cellulose fermentation in the rumen is impacted by the physically and chemically heterogeneous character of the insoluble substrate, as well as the properties of the mixed culture responsible for fibre hydrolysis and carbohydrate utilization. The rumen system provides an interesting case study in the context of possible process concepts for direct fermentation of biomass to commercially important chemicals such as acetate, propionate, succinate, lactate and ethanol. The role of the chemical and physical characteristics of the substrate, the microbes in the rumen system and the metabolic pathways of soluble carbohydrates are discussed in the context of cellulose and hemicellulose fermentation.
Development of electronic medical record charting for hospital-based transfusion and apheresis medicine services: Early adoption perspectives.

Background: Electronic medical records (EMRs) provide universal access to health care information across multidisciplinary lines. In pathology departments, transfusion and apheresis medicine services (TAMS) involved in direct patient care activities produce data and documentation that typically do not enter the EMR. Taking advantage of our institution's initiative for implementation of a paperless medical record, our TAMS division set out to develop an electronic charting (e-charting) strategy within the EMR. Methods: A focus group of our hospital's transfusion committee consisting of transfusion medicine specialists, pathologists, residents, nurses, hemapheresis specialists, and information technologists was constituted and charged with the project. The group met periodically to implement e-charting TAMS workflow and produced electronic documents within the EMR (Cerner Millenium) for various service line functions. Results: The interdisciplinary working group developed and implemented electronic versions of various paper-based clinical documentation used by these services. All electronic notes collectively gather and reside within a unique Transfusion Medicine Folder tab in the EMR, available to staff with access to patient charts. E-charting eliminated illegible handwritten notes, resulted in more consistent clinical documentation among staff, and provided greater real-time review/access of hemotherapy practices. No major impediments to workflow or inefficiencies have been encountered. However, minor updates and corrections to documents as well as select work re-designs were required for optimal use of e-charting by these services. Conclusion: Documentation of pathology subspecialty activities such as TAMS can be successfully incorporated into the EMR. E-charting by staff enhances communication and helps promote standardized documentation of patient care within and across service lines. Well-constructed electronic documents in the EMR may also enhance data mining, quality improvement, and biovigilance monitoring activities.
Electrospinning and Solution Properties of Nafion and Poly(acrylic acid)

In this study, the electrospinning performance and solution properties of Nafion and its blend with another polyelectrolyte, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), were investigated. Attempts to electrospin pure Nafion at various polymer concentrations (5−35 wt %), solvents, neutralization, and electrospinning conditions resulted in electrospraying rather than electrospinning. However, a polymer solution blend (5 wt %) of Nafion and PAA resulted in beaded fibers at 8 wt % PAA and smooth electrospinning above 12% PAA. Fiber sizes of the blend increased from 90 to 600 nm with increasing PAA content. Dynamic light scattering on pure Nafion solutions in various solvents reveals large aggregates (i.e., dispersion) of various sizes due to polymer backbone and ionic interactions. The lack of sufficient polymer chain entanglement evidenced by low viscosity and aggregate formation in Nafion solutions prohibits fiber formation during electrospinning. The addition of PAA to Nafion modifies the ionic strength of the solvent resul...
Closed-Chest Transthoracic Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Ventricular Septal Defect Closure in Swine

Objectives The aim of this study was to close ventricular septal defects (VSDs) directly through the chest wall using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance, without cardiopulmonary bypass, sternotomy, or radiation exposure. Background Surgical, percutaneous, and hybrid management of VSD each have limitations and known morbidity. Methods Percutaneous muscular VSDs were created in 10 naive Yorkshire swine using a transjugular laser catheter. Under real-time MRI guidance, a direct transthoracic vascular access sheath was introduced through the chest into the heart along a trajectory suitable for VSD access and closure. Through this transthoracic sheath, muscular VSDs were occluded using a commercial nitinol device. Finally, the right ventricular free wall was closed using a commercial collagen plug intended for arterial closure. Results Anterior, posterior, and mid-muscular VSDs (6.8 ± 1.8 mm) were created. VSDs were closed successfully in all animals. The transthoracic access sheath was displaced in 2, both fatal. Thereafter, we tested an intracameral retention sheath to prevent this complication. Right ventricular access ports were closed successfully in all, and after as many as 30 days, healed successfully. Conclusions Real-time MRI guidance allowed closed-chest transthoracic perventricular muscular VSD closure in a clinically meaningful animal model. Once applied to patients, this approach may avoid traditional surgical, percutaneous, or open-chest transcatheter (“hybrid”) risks.
Free zinc concentration in bovine milk measured by analytical affinity chromatography with immobilized metallothionein

A new analytical affinity chromatography method was developed for measuring the free [Zn2+] concentration in bovine milk. The column was generated by immobilizing avidin and attaching biotinylated metallothionein (MT) on controlled-pore glass beads. Zinc bound to the MT column at physiological free [Zn2+] concentration and was dissociated again in an elution buffer of pH 2. The distributions of extrinsically added 65Zn and native zinc in different fractions of milk were virtually identical, validating the use of extrinsic labeling in studies of the free [Zn2+] concentration in milk. Extrinsically labeled whey fractions were mixed with standard solutions whose free [Zn2+] concentrations were calculated by computer model. 65Zn retained by the column provided an indication of free [Zn2+] concentration in the mixture, and by interpolation, in the original milk. The free [Zn2+] concentration measured by the affinity chromatography method in the milk of a group of six cows was 90.4 +/- 29.7 pM. This value is similar to estimates of free [Zn2+] concentrations in other biological fluids by entirely different methods. Measurement of free [Zn2+] may be helpful in understanding the physiology and biochemistry of zinc metabolism.
Canonical non-Abelian dual transformations in supersymmetric field theories.

In a general sense, a dual transformation is a map between two models which preserves dynamical features and thereby facilitates our understanding by providing alternate “dual” views of these features. Examples include KramersWannier duality, relating high and low temperature limits of lattice models; bosonization of fermions, to reveal properties of solitons [1]; alternate Lorentz tensor descriptions of spinning fields; mirror symmetries relating compactified spacetimes in string theories [2]; and recent non-perturbative methods in supersymmetric four dimensional field theories [3]. Here, we generate nonabelian field theory examples of dual transformations for nonlinear σ-models in two spacetime dimensions, within the framework of equal-time canonical transformations, in parallel to earlier abelian work for the quantum Liouville theory [4]. We have already illustrated this equal-time mapping approach for purely bosonic σmodels [5]. We first summarize and clarify those earlier results by comparing to the lagrangean framework. We then construct new mappings by including fermions supersymmetrically. Our discussion concentrates on classical field theory, but we believe an acceptable route to quantization exists for these σ-models exactly as it does for the Liouville case: by simply exponentiating the classical generating functional, which we discuss in concluding. For the supersymmetric case, our new dual transformation does not separately map bosons to bosons and fermions to fermions; rather it ties together the effects of both fermions and bosons in one model to produce the effects of either bosons or fermions separately in the other, dual model. This occurs even though the map does not interchange fermions with bosons (e.g. as in the soliton studies mentioned). While this phenomenon might be prefigured in the current identifications of canonical bosonization schemes [1], we believe its novelty warrants introduction of the term “boson-fermion symphysis”. To begin, recall the standard bosonic Chiral Model (CM) on O(4) ≃ O(3)×O(3)≃SU(2)×SU(2). Expressed in geometrical terms, we have LCM = 1 gab∂µϕ a ∂ µ ϕ b , where gab is the metric on the field manifold (three-sphere). Explicitly, with group elements parameterized as U = ϕ 0 + iτ j ϕ j , (j = 1,2,3), where (ϕ 0 ) 2 + ϕ 2 = 1, and ϕ 2 ≡ P
Variation of atomic charges during proton transfer in hydrogen bonds

The point atomic charges in a number of ionic H-bonded systems are studied by ab initio calculations as functions of the proton transfer coordinate. In the proton-bound complexes of water–water, ammonia–ammonia, formamide–water, formamide–ammonia, and dimethylether–ammonia, the net atomic charges were obtained using Mulliken population analysis and from the diagonal elements of the atomic polar tensors calculated at the HF/4–31G and MP2/6–31 + G** levels. The dependence of the atomic charges upon the coordinate of the transferring proton was found to be close (within an error of 0.02 e) to a linear function for intermolecular distances in the 2.5–2.8 A range. The obtained charge and charge flux dependencies highlight the electron redistribution during the proton transfer process and provide insights into the source of the high infrared (IR) intensities of stretching modes of NH and OH bonds undergoing hydrogen bonding. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Treatment of Suspected Symptomatic Cholelithiasis With Glycopyrrolate: A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial

Study objective Glycopyrrolate is advocated for the treatment of acute pain from suspected symptomatic cholelithiasis. However, there is no clinical evidence to substantiate its use. This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of glycopyrrolate in relieving acute abdominal pain of suspected biliary tract origin. Methods Between July 2002 and April 2003, a convenience sample of patients presenting to the emergency department with upper abdominal pain of suspected biliary tract origin was randomized to receive either intravenous glycopyrrolate or placebo (normal saline solution). Pain level was assessed at baseline using a visual analog scale, with a repeat assessment 20 minutes after intervention. Patients and clinicians were blinded to the study drug. Results Because of difficulty with patient enrollment, the trial was terminated before achievement of the initial goal of 54 patients. On analysis of the 38 patients completing the study protocol, glycopyrrolate and placebo groups had similar demographic and baseline characteristics. There was no significant difference in pain relief between patients receiving glycopyrrolate and those receiving placebo (median decrease in visual analog pain scale pain 3 mm [95% confidence interval −2 to 17 mm] versus 8 mm [95% confidence interval −2 to 20 mm], respectively). Conclusion Although limited by small size and convenience sampling, these results fail to demonstrate any improvement in pain of suspected biliary tract origin with the administration of glycopyrrolate. Further study is needed to determine whether intravenous glycopyrrolate has any significant analgesic effect for patients with this condition.
Reduction of chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in beagle dogs by bis-morpholinomethyl derivative of razoxane (ICRF-159).

Addition of morpholinomethyl substitutents to razoxane (ICRF-159) produced a compound (bis-4-morpholinomethyl-3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1,2-propane (MM-159) considerably more water-soluble than razoxane. The increased solubility allowed MM-159 to be examined for protective activity against chronic doxorubicin (DXR) cardiotoxicity. Adult beagle dogs of either sex were given, i. v. at 3-week intervals, either DXR (1.75 mg/kg) alone or DXR 15 min after MM-159 (25 mg/kg). Control animals received MM-159 (25 mg/kg) or saline without DXR. The experiment was terminated 3 weeks after the ninth injection (total DXR dose, 15.75 mg/kg). Of the eight animals given DXR alone, five died after receiving seven to eight injections (12.25–14 mg/kg DXR) and the remaining three were killed after eight injections because they were in poor condition. Marked ascites was noted in four of these eight dogs. When frequency and extent of myocardial lesions (vacuolation and myofibrillar loss) were assessed on a scale from 0 to 4+, severe lesions (3+) were present in all eight dogs given DXR alone, but no abnormalities (lesion score 0) were found in the hearts of three of eight dogs given MM-159 and DXR and the five remaining animals in this group had minimal (1+; four dogs) or mild (2+; one dog) alterations. DXR reduced the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit when administered alone, but not in combination with MM-159. Such protection against DXR hematologic effects was not noted previously [14] when dogs were pretreated with ICRF-187, the d-isomer of razoxane, despite the fact that pretreatment with ICRF-187 was as effective as MM-159 in reducing chronic DXR cardiotoxicity. It remains to be determined whether there are other differences in biological activity between MM-159 and ICRF-187.
Engineering H5N1 avian influenza viruses to study human adaptation

Two studies of H5N1 avian influenza viruses that had been genetically engineered to render them transmissible between ferrets have proved highly controversial. Divergent opinions exist about the importance of these studies of influenza transmission and about potential 'dual use' research implications. No consensus has developed yet about how to balance these concerns. After not recommending immediate full publication of earlier, less complete versions of the studies, the United States National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity subsequently recommended full publication of more complete manuscripts; however, controversy about this and similar research remains.
Fault Detection In Manufacturing Cells Based On Three-Dimensional Visual Information

A three dimensional representation of a part is reconstructed from multiple camera views. Measurements are then collected from this three dimensional data and can be used to detect faults in the manufacturing process. The manufacturing faults are detected as visual abnormalities in the final parts. These abnormalities correspond to error conditions in earlier phases of manufacturing and could represent equipment failure, equipment wear or the use of a faulty control algorithm. A gage station which collects visual information is discussed. The algorithm which converts the visual information into a three dimensional representation of the part is presented and compared to other similar reconstruction strategies. Once the data have been collected and reconstructed, measurements are taken and correlated with possible error conditions. New correlations between the part measurements and manufacturing errors can be added to the control system as problems occur. For example, hammer wear in an open-die forge can be discovered by measuring the length of a work piece after it was struck. Along with each casual relationship there is a suggested course of action which is intended to be an immediate remedy for the error condition. In the forge example, a simple corrective action would be to move the hammers closer together to account for their wear. This makes it possible for the overall system to approach immunity to catastrophic errors while minimizing the number of defective parts.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Mechanism of mitochondrial DNA replication in mouse L-cells: Localization and sequence of the light-strand origin of replication

Abstract In the novel replication mechanism of closed circular mouse L-cell mitochondrial DNA synthesis one strand of the duplex (the heavy-strand) is initiated at a defined origin and proceeds unidirectionally. Synthesis of the complementary light-strand is initiated at a different origin, located approximately two-thirds genome length from the heavy-strand origin, and also proceeds unidirectionally. The initiation of light-strand synthesis does not occur until synthesis of the heavy-strand has extended past the light-strand origin region. One intriguing consequence of this asynchrony is that the heavy-strand origin functions in a DNA duplex, while the light-strand origin functions as a single-stranded template. In order to obtain the precise location of the light-strand origin we have isolated replicative molecules in which light-strand synthesis has begun and subjected them to digestion by a combination of the single-strand specific nuclease S 1 and various restriction cndonucleases. By comparison of the sizes of the duplex fragments thus generated with those produced by cleavage of non-replicating molecules cleaved with the same enzymes we have located the 5′-end of daughter light-strands at a position 55 to 90 nucleotides from a Hpa I cleavage site 0.67 genome length from the heavy-strand origin. The nucleotide sequence of a 318-base region surrounding this site, determined by chemical sequencing techniques, possesses the symmetry required for the formation of three hairpin loops. The most striking of these has a stem consisting of 12 consecutive basepairs and a 13-base loop. In the heavy-strand template, this loop contains 11 consecutive thymidine nucleotides. This light-strand origin region has been found to possess a remarkable degree of homology with several other prokaryotic and eukaryotic origin-related sequences, particularly those of the oX174 A region and the simian virus 40 Eco RII G fragment. It has previously been shown that mouse mitochondrial DNA contains alkali-labile sites, which are presumably due to the presence of ribonucleotides incorporated into the DNA. A cluster of sites, representing eight adjacent ribonucleotides, has been located in mature light strands at or near the origin of light-strand synthesis. The retention of ribonucleotides at this specific location may reflect inefficient removal of an RNA primer at the light-strand origin.
CO2 LASER RESURFACING

The CO 2 Laser offers a variety of unique features in resurfacing facial photodamage and acne scarring. These include hemostasis, efficient removal of the epidermis in a single pass, thermally induced tissue tightening, and safe, predictable tissue interaction. Knowledge of these mechanisms will result in the capability of using the CO 2 laser effectively and safely whether the goal is superficial or deep treatment.
Implications of pyrimidine nucleoside catabolism for cytological investigation of germinating seeds.

Abstract Degradation of tritiated thymidine was found to occur in seed extracts of Nigella damascena, Vicia faba, and Triticum aztecum. Such degradation can explain the unusual labeling by 3 H-thymidine of cytoplasm, which is observed during the first mitotic cycle of germinating seeds. In Nigella, the major part of the catabolizing activity was found to lie in the seed coat. The first step in both thymidine and uridine degradation is the splitting of the base-sugar bond. The next step in thymine degradation is reduction to give dihydrothymine. Thus, it can be inferred that a reductive catabolic pathway is involved. Some tritium label eventually appears in water. But the further steps of degradation, which may occur only in vivo and may lead to protein metabolism, have not yet been elucidated.
Energy and greenhouse gas emission effects of corn and cellulosic ethanol with technology improvements and land use changes

Abstract Use of ethanol as a transportation fuel in the United States has grown from 76 dam 3 in 1980 to over 40.1 hm 3 in 2009 — and virtually all of it has been produced from corn. It has been debated whether using corn ethanol results in any energy and greenhouse gas benefits. This issue has been especially critical in the past several years, when indirect effects, such as indirect land use changes, associated with U.S. corn ethanol production are considered in evaluation. In the past three years, modeling of direct and indirect land use changes related to the production of corn ethanol has advanced significantly. Meanwhile, technology improvements in key stages of the ethanol life cycle (such as corn farming and ethanol production) have been made. With updated simulation results of direct and indirect land use changes and observed technology improvements in the past several years, we conducted a life-cycle analysis of ethanol and show that at present and in the near future, using corn ethanol reduces greenhouse gas emission by more than 20%, relative to those of petroleum gasoline. On the other hand, second-generation ethanol could achieve much higher reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. In a broader sense, sound evaluation of U.S. biofuel policies should account for both unanticipated consequences and technology potentials. We maintain that the usefulness of such evaluations is to provide insight into how to prevent unanticipated consequences and how to promote efficient technologies with policy intervention.
Residues of Toxaphene in Finfish and Shellfish from Terry and Dupree Creeks, Georgia, U.S.A.

To better characterize human health risks associated with potentially contaminated seafood, 56 composite samples of edible tissue of several finfish and shellfish species were analyzed for residues of toxaphene using gas chromatography with electron capture and negative ion mass spectrometric detection (GC-ECD and GC-ECNI-MS). Toxaphene in these samples, collected in 1997 near a former toxaphene plant in Brunswick, Georgia, were previously reported as non-detectable using non-selective techniques. Estimated total toxaphene concentrations (ΣTOX) ranged from less than 0.01 to 26 μ g−1 on a wet tissue basis. Smaller, bottom dwelling finfish such as croaker, mullet, and spot exhibited the highest ΣTOX (0.76–26 μg g−1), larger predatory fish including seatrout contained intermediate levels (0.08–4.4 μg g−1), and shellfish (blue crab and shrimp) contained the lowest levels (<0.01 to 0.27 μg g−1). For a given species, samples from the site furthest from the toxaphene plant had lower ΣTOX than samples from the other 3 sites. On a congener specific basis, levels ranged from <0.0025 to 3.5 μg g−1. Congener distributions were, in general, dominated by 2-exo, 3-endo, 6-exo,8,9,10-hexachlorobornane (Hx-Sed) and 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,9,10-heptachlorobornane (Hp-Sed), breakdown products of Cl8−Cl10 toxaphene homologs. Other prominent congeners confirmed by GC-ECNI-MS included Parlar numbers 26, 40/41, 42, 44, 50, 62, and 63, as well as several unidentified Cl6−Cl9 homologs. Minor differences in congener distribution among species and sampling locations suggested that exposure regimes and/or intrinsic biotransformation capabilities were not uniform. These results indicate that toxaphene residues were detectable in all species surveyed and at concentrations higher than estimated previously.
Treatment of Multifocal Lymphoma of Bone With Intensified Promace-Cytabom Chemotherapy and Involved Field Radiotherapy

Primary bone involvement is an unusual extranodal presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The optimal treatment for this entity has not been determined. While solitary bone lymphomas can be eradicated with local radiation in 50% of patients, distant relapses occur frequently, and the treatment of patients with multifocal osseous disease, or those presenting with associated soft tissue invasion or adenopathy is even less satisfactory. Over a 4-year period, nine patients with multifocal bone lymphoma were treated with intensified versions of the ProMACE-CytaBOM regimen and involved-field radiation. Seven patients had diffuse large cell histology and two patients had diffuse mixed type. Seven patients survived event-free at a median follow-up of 2.3 years (range .5-3.5). In most survivors, there was little or no change in the abnormal radiographic bone findings despite the clinical response to therapy. In one patient, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) established that bone infarction rather than relapse of lymphoma was the cause of a new lytic bone lesion that developed during treatment.
Temporal consistency checking of natural language specifications

An application of a temporal model which allows the addressing of the temporal issues inherent in the natural language specifications of distributed systems is introduced. The proposed model is integrated into the SeCalc (State-Event Calculus) model for system specifications which was designed to permit the semi-automated conversion of natural language specifications into a system design. The paper presents a description of the temporal model as well as the constraint propagation method used to maintain and extend the knowledge. By using its knowledge of time-related vocabulary and the temporal model, the system constructs a meaningful network of events and temporal information, relating both relational and numeric temporal knowledge. Thus a capability for detecting inconsistencies in the temporal aspects of the specifications is provided. Key Words: Temporal Reasoning, Natural Language Processing, Consistency Checking, Software Engineering, Software Specifications.
The Incidence of Complications of Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy: A Systematic Review

Purpose The goal of this review was to quantify the risk of perioperative and early postoperative complications of tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) with different techniques. Methods A systematic review of multiple databases was performed to identify studies that reported complications of TTO. Complications were defined as any adverse outcome, including osteotomy site nonunion, fracture, infection, wound complications, neurovascular complications, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE). Major complications were defined as nonunion, fracture, infections/wound complications requiring return to the operating room, and DVT or PE. The risk of subsequent hardware removal was also quantified. Results The 19 identified studies included a total of 787 TTOs: 472 direct medialization procedures (Elmslie-Trillat technique), 193 anteromedialization procedures (Fulkerson technique), and 102 procedures in which the tibial tubercle was completely detached for medialization or distalization, or a combination. The overall complication risk was 4.6%. The risk of complications was higher when the tibial tubercle was completely detached (10.7%) than with Elmslie-Trillat (3.3%) or Fulkerson (3.7%) procedures ( P = .004). The overall risk of major complications was 3.0%. Hardware removal was performed in 36.7% of osteotomies and was less frequent with the Elmslie-Trillat technique (26.8%) than with the Fulkerson technique (49.0%) or complete tubercle detachment (48.3%) ( P Conclusions Tibial tubercle osteotomy is a complex surgical procedure with a significant risk of complications. Osteotomies that involve complete detachment of the tubercle have an increased risk of complications compared with those in which a distal cortical hinge is maintained. Level of Evidence Level IV, systematic review of Level IV studies.
Universal source coding with a fidelity criterion

Proposes a variable rate vector quantization algorithm which can adapt itself to variations in the source statistics by progressively updating the individual codewords. The proposed algorithm optimally parses the incoming source vectors and then quantizes them accordingly. After each quantization step, codeword updating is performed to track changes in the source statistics. No knowledge of the source statistics is assumed and no side information is transmitted. >
Directed integration of the physical and genetic linkage maps of swine chromosome 7 reveals that the SLA spans the centromere.

The first integrated physical and genetic linkage map encompassing the entire swine chromosome 7 (SSC7) reveals that the porcine MHC (SLA) spans the centromere. A SLA class !I antigen gene lies on the q arm, whereas class I and !!1 genes lie on the p arm, suggesting that the presence of a centromere within the SLA does not preclude a functional complex. The SLA appears smaller than other mammalian MHC, as the genetic distance across two class !, three class !1, and three class !!i SLA gene markers is only I.I cM. There are significant variations in recombination rates as a function of position along the chromosome, and the SLA lies in the region with the lowest rate. Furthermore, the directed integration approach used in this study was more efficient than previous efforts that emphasized the screening of large insert libraries for random microsatellites. Genetic maps of livestock species are currently being developed to provide a worldwide resource for mapping quantitative trait loci, comparative mapping in evolutionary studies, and mapping of pertinent loci in animal models of human disorders. These objectives require a framework of informative markers that can be genotyped economically. Integration of this framework with a cytogenetic map allows evaluation of coverage, genome size, and recombination rates along the chromosome, as well as establishing syntenic relationships among species. Two linkage maps of swine chromosome 7 (SSC7) have been reported, one that includes 11 (Edfors-Lilja et al. 1993; Archibald et al. 1995) and one with 17 (Rohrer et al. 1994) microsatellite markers. The two maps have only one marker in common, and both contain intervals >30 cM. The cytogenetic map includes only four relatively low resolution assignments of linked markers with -30% coverage (Ed
Radioimmunoassay of indomethacin in biological fluids

A radioimmunoassay was developed for the determination of indomethacin in biological fluids at concentrations as low as 50 ng/ml. Antibodies were produced in rabbits immunized with a conjugate of bovine serum albumin and indomethacin. This conjugate was prepared by an N-hydroxysuccinimide active ester procedure. Antiserums exhibited minimal cross-reactivity with the O-desmethyl and deschlorobenzoyl metabolites. However, the glucuronide conjugate was about three times as reactive as indomethacin, thus invalidating direct determinations of indomethacin in urine. This difficulty was circumvented by analyzing urine aliquots before and after conjugate hydrolysis. Concentrations of free and conjugated indomethacin were calculated by difference.