cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated Screen of in Vivo Molecular Interactions using Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy (FCCS)

We have developed an automated fluorescence cross-correlation screen to detect molecular interactions in yeast. Using fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) positive control strains containing linked eGFP and mCherry proteins could be reproducibly distinguished from negative controls with independently diffusing populations of the two fluorophores. Transmitted light images were acquired in parallel with FCCS measurements to determine protein localization and cell health. Data was taken in a 96-well format on a commercially available microscope with the addition of a ConfoCor3 (Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH, Germany). Custom software controlled navigation of the 96-well plates, detection of yeast cells, and selection of cellular regions for taking FCCS measurements, making the screen adaptable for larger scale experiments. Using this method, proteins of particular interest can be rapidly screened against large portions of the proteome to uncover their contribution to the function of a complex network of proteins.
A molecular modeling analysis of the binding interactions between the okadaic acid class of natural product inhibitors and the Ser-Thr phosphatases, PP1 and PP2A

We have proposed computer-generated models of the catalytic subunits of the serine-threonine protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A complexed with their endogenous substrate phospho-DARPP-32, and several known naturally occurring inhibitors. This study is part of an overall effort to elucidate the signal transduction pathways in which PP1 and PP2A may play an important role.
A spatio-temporal Fourier-transform approach to acousto-optic interaction of light beams with cw and pulsed ultrasonic waves

Abstract We use a spatio-temporal Fourier-transform approach and a perturbation technique to analyze acousto-optic interaction between an input optical beam of arbitrary profile and pulsed ultrasound. We write the sound field as a superposition of a time- harmonic constant-amplitude wave and a modulated pulse. While the scattering of the input light beam by the former component can be effectively handled using a spatial Fourier-transform technique, the additional contribution can be analyzed using a spatio- temporal Fourier-transform approach. Numerical results, calculated using the equivalent spatial and spatio-temporal transfer functions, are shown for the case of Bragg diffraction.
Human müllerian inhibitory factor messenger ribonucleic acid is hormonally regulated in the fetal testis and in adult granulosa cells.

The regression of the Mullerian ducts (the embryologic precursor of uterus, vagina, and Fallopian tubes) in the male fetus is caused by Mullerian inhibitory factor (MIF), a glycoprotein produced by fetal Sertoli cells. Although this Mullerian duct involution is complete before midgestation, the amount of MIF mRNA did not vary among 25 human fetal testis samples from 13 to 25.8 weeks of gestation. In cultured 20-week human testis cells, cAMP increased MIF mRNA 8.3-fold, but the human gonadotropins FSH and CG had no effect. In cultured adult human granulosa cells, CG and cAMP increased MIF mRNA accumulation to 430% and 890%, respectively, but FSH had no effect. The expression and hormonal regulation of MIF mRNA in midgestation testes and in adult granulosa cells indicate that MIF has physiological roles in the human gonad other than Mullerian duct regression.
Modelling affect expression and recognition in an interactive learning environment

Affective reasoning holds significant potential for intelligent tutoring systems. Incorporating affective reasoning into pedagogical decision-making capabilities could enable learning environments to create customised experiences that are dynamically tailored to individual students' ever-changing levels of engagement, interest, motivation and self-efficacy. Because physiological responses are directly triggered by changes in affect, biofeedback data such as heart rate and galvanic skin response can be used to infer affective changes in conjunction with the situational context. This article explores an approach to inducing affect models for a learning environment. The inductive approach is examined for the task of modelling students' self-efficacy and empathy for companion agents. Together, these studies on affect in a narrative learning environment suggest that it is possible to build models of affective constructs from observations of the situational context and students' physiological response.
Appropriate Technology Transfer to the Developing World: Microcomputers in Colombian Firms

This paper discusses the aspects that comprise the appropriate transfer of microcomputers to small and medium-sized Colombian manufacturing firms. The paper draws on the experience gained from an 18-month study carried out in Colombia among small and medium-sized manufacturing firms. The paper argues that the issue of appropriateness lies more in “how to use” microcomputers rather than “whether or not” to use them. International mechanisms that could improve the “how to use” microcomputers are identified and discussed and the creation of an international center for the appropriate transfer of microcomputers to the developing world proposed.
Catecholamines inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose transport in adipocytes, in the presence of adenosine deaminase

Epinephrine, norepinephrine and isoproterenol completely inhibited insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake by rat adipocytes, but only when adenosine was prevented from accumulating in the incubation medium by addition of adenosine deaminase. Basal uptake rates were not affected. The effects were not observed in the presence of adenosine deaminase plus N6-phenylisopropyl adenosine (a non-metabolizable adenosine analogue), suggesting that it is the lowered adenosine level rather than the presence of the enzyme itself which allows the catecholamines to inhibit insulin action. The inhibitory effects of the catecholamines were blocked by propranolol but not phentolamine, suggesting that they are mediated via beta-adrenergic receptors.
Hidden gravity in open-string field theory.

We clarify the nature of the graviton as a bound state in open-string field theory: The flat metric in the action appears as the vacuum value of an [ital open] string field. The bound state appears as a composite field in the [ital free] field theory.
TELESCOPIC LIMITING MAGNITUDES

The prediction of the magnitude of the faintest star visible through a telescope by a visual observer is a difficult problem in physiology. Many prediction formulas have been advanced over the years, but most do not even consider the magnification used. Here, the prediction algorithm problem is attacked with two complimentary approaches: (1) First, a theoretical algorithm was developed based on physiological data for the sensitivity of the eye. This algorithm also accounts for the transmission of the atmosphere and the telescope, the brightness of the sky, the color of the star, the age of the observer, the aperture, and the magnification. (2) Second, 314 observed values for the limiting magnitude were collected as a test of the formula. It is found that the formula does accurately predict the average observed limiting magnitudes under all conditions.
Vibrational energy relaxation in liquid oxygen

Abstract We consider theoretically the relaxation from the first excited vibrational state to the ground state of oxygen molecules in neat liquid oxygen. The relaxation rate constant is related in the usual way to the Fourier transform of a certain quantum mechanical force-force time-correlation function. A result from Egelstaff allows one instead to relate the rate constant (approximately) to the Fourier transform of a classical force-force time-correlation function. This Fourier transform is then evaluated approximately by calculating three equilibrium averages from a classical molecular dynamics simulation. Our results for the relaxation times (at two different temperatures) are within a factor of 5 of the experimental relaxation times, which are in the ms range.
Photodynamic therapy and the treatment of neoplastic diseases of the head and neck: an update

Forty-nine patients with neoplastic diseases of the larynx, oral cavity, pharynx and tracheobronchial tree have been treated with photodynamic therapy with follow-up to 40 months. Those patients with primary recurrent leukoplakia, carcinoma-in-situ, and T1 carcinomas obtained a complete response after one photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment and remain free of disease. Eight patients with T2 and T3 carcinomas treated with PDT obtained a complete or partial response, but in all cases, the carcinomas recurred locally, many times with overlying normal mucosa. This is due to the inability to adequately deliver laser light to the depths of the tumor bed, despite aggressive use of interstitial implantation. PDT is highly effective for the curative treatment of early carcinomas (CIS, T1) of the head and neck. Further development of devices to measure and deliver light into the depths of a tumor bed are required prior to the use of PDT to effectively treat larger solid tumors of the head and neck.
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and arousal

Normal waking is associated with neuronal activity in several chemically defined ascending arousal systems. These include monoaminergic neurons in the brainstem and posterior hypothalamus, cholinergic neurons in the brainstem and basal forebrain, and hypocretin (orexin) neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Collectively, these systems impart tonic activation to their neuronal targets in the diencephalon and neocortex that is reflected in the low-voltage fast-frequency electroencephalogram patterns of wakefulness. Neuronal discharge in these arousal systems declines rapidly at sleep onset. Transitions from waking to sleep, therefore, involve coordinated inhibition of multiple arousal systems. An important source of sleep-related inhibition of arousal arises from neurons located in the preoptic hypothalamus. These preoptic neurons are strongly activated during sleep, exhibiting sleep/waking state-dependent discharge patterns that are the reciprocal of that observed in the arousal systems. The majority of preoptic sleep regulatory neurons synthesize the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Anatomical and functional evidence supports the hypothesis that GABAergic neurons in the median preoptic nucleus (MnPN) and ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) exert inhibitory control over the monoaminergic systems and the hypocretin system during sleep. Recent findings indicate that MnPN and VLPO neurons integrate homeostatic aspects of sleep regulation and are important targets for endogenous sleep factors, such as adenosine and growth hormone releasing hormone.
Technology insight: Clinical role of magnetic resonance angiography in the diagnosis and management of renal artery stenosis.

Improvement is still needed in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis, which is the most common treatable cause of secondary hypertension. An accurate functional and morphological characterization of the disease might assist in management of patients. The value of magnetic resonance angiography in this setting is discussed. Noninvasive modalities, including duplex ultrasonography, renal scintigraphy, CT angiography and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), may usefully contribute to diagnosis and treatment planning in patients with suspected renal artery stenosis. Important technical developments have increased the accuracy and feasibility of MRA for the detection of renal artery stenosis. A number of different MRA techniques can be applied to the study of renal arteries, but contrast-enhanced MRA represents the most valuable approach; several studies corroborate the high diagnostic accuracy of this technique, especially for the detection of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. A combined MRA protocol, which might include angiographic information provided by contrast-enhanced technique in addition to renal flow information derived from phase-contrast imaging, could help in classifying patients appropriately. Limitations of renal MRA include low accuracy in the evaluation of renal fibromuscular dysplasia and in the assessment of patients who undergo stenting of the renal arteries. This review describes the MRA techniques applied to the study of renal artery stenosis, including the technical features of current approaches and forthcoming developments. An overview of the clinical role of MRA, in conjunction with the other diagnostic modalities, in the identification and management of patients with renal artery stenosis, is also presented.
Organische Synthesen durch Verdrängung freier Radikale aus Organoboranen

In den wenigen Jahren seit der Entdeckung, das Organoborane leicht radikalische Substitutionsreaktionen eingehen, ist die Anwendung dieser Reaktionen ein neuer, wichtiger Zweig der synthetischen Chemie geworden. Organoborane zeigen eine grose Mannigfaltigkeit von Radikalreaktionen, z. B. Autoxidation zum Alkohol oder Hydroperoxid, 1,4-Addition an α,β-ungesattigte Derivate, Addition an Disulfide sowie sauerstoffinduzierte Radikalkupplungen. Offensichtlich sind Organoborane eine anpassungsfahige, neue Quelle fur freie Radikale. Diese Reaktionen konnen leicht kontrolliert werden und ermoglichen somit sehr saubere Synthesen. Die Anwendung dieser Reaktionen wird im folgenden diskutiert.
Evidence of Differential Detectability of Lotic Adult Rainbow and Brown Trout: Implications for Habitat Use Inference from Direct-Underwater Observation

ABSTRACT The number of observations of brown trout Salmo trutta was significantly lower than expected based on the ratio of estimated densities of brown trout and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and the number of tagged rainbow trout and brown trout in a Sierra Nevada river. We believe that behavioral differences as well as abundant cover composed of large substrate in the study area were major factors contributing to the lack of brown trout observations relative to observations of rainbow trout. These results should be considered by managers and researchers who collect habitat use data for brown trout with direct-underwater observation because that data could be considerably biased.
Examination of the health and safety aspects of 28-days ingestion of a supplement containing slow-release caffeine

Background Moderate amounts of caffeine can lead to an increase in both physical and mental task performance. However, a single dose of caffeine typically induces only 90-120 minutes of increased alertness and is often associated with an acute “crash” state following its metabolism. Recently, slow/sustained release caffeine (SRC) alternatives have been developed to prolong the effects of caffeine. While prior investigations have demonstrated the efficacy of SRC, there is currently limited information regarding the safety of SRC during prolonged usage. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 28-days of daily SRC ingestion on blood lipid profiles, comprehensive blood chemistry, and complete blood counts in young, healthy men and women. Methods Forty healthy individuals (20 males, 20 females; age: 22.73 ± 3.06 years; height: 171.68 ± 10.45 cm; mass: 74.49 ± 15.51 kg; BMI: 25.08 ± 3.66 (kg/m2) who were regular consumers of caffeine volunteered to participate in this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. While enrolled in the study, participants were permitted to maintain their normal caffeine intake. Following a 12hour fast, participants reported to the Human Performance Laboratory (HPL) for pre-testing. Testing consisted of resting heart rate (RHR) and blood pressure (BP) measures, followed by a resting blood draw obtained from an antecubital vein in the superficial forearm using a 21-gauge disposable needle stick. Upon completion of
Stereotactic and ultrasound core needle breast biopsy performed by surgeons.

Background The authors evaluated outcomes and treatment costs of stereotactic core needle biopsy (SCNB) and ultrasound core needle biopsy (UCNB), and needle localization biopsy (NLB) in managing patients with mammographic abnormalities presenting to the surgeon. Methods Data for all patients with mammographic lesions who underwent SCNB or UCNB since their introduction at this institution were prospectively collected over 17 months. Mean inclusive costs of the three procedures were accumulated and compared. Results Stereotactic core needle biopsy was performed for 342 lesions in 319 women, for a malignancy rate of 19%; UCNB was performed for 157 lesions in 144 patients, yielding a malignancy rate of 17%. With a mean follow-up of 13.5 months, 1 patient with in situ carcinoma was diagnosed late. Absolute cost savings for the period studied was $721,963. Conclusions Minimally invasive breast biopsy procedures can safely and reliably be performed by surgeons in clinical practice with increased patient convenience and decreased costs.
Ethical dilemmas in treating clients with eating disorders: A review and application of an integrative ethical decision-making model

Ethical dilemmas frequently arise in the treatment of clients with eating disorders, and clinicians regularly encounter an array of ethical challenges related to whether or not overt and covert coercive tactics should be implemented. In this paper, the authors provide an overview of perplexing ethical questions relevant to medical, nutritional and psychological treatment of clients with eating disorders including imposed treatment, enforced feeding, the duty to protect minors and adults, the determination of competence and capacity among medically comprised clients, and the effectiveness of coercive treatment for clients with eating disorders. The processes of ethical decision-making in terms of ethical principles, professional codes of conduct, the existing empirical literature and the use of a decision-making framework are explored. Taking a collaborative and client-sensitive approach, the authors outline and apply an integrative ethical decision-making model to facilitate clinicians' decision-making process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Microglial expression of chemokine receptor CCR5 during rat forebrain development and after perinatal hypoxia–ischemia

Abstract The chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (CCL3) is expressed by immune cells in the normal and injured perinatal brain. To determine whether the chemokine receptor CCR5 is a relevant target for CCL3 in the brain, we used RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry to assess changes in CCR5 expression and localization in developing normal and injured rat forebrain. CCR5 protein was expressed predominately by resting and activated microglia until 2 weeks of age. Neonatal hypoxia–ischemia increased CCR5 mRNA expression while causing CCR5 internalization, indicating receptor activation. These data implicate CCR5 in microglial recruitment and activation during brain development and after neonatal brain injury.
Long Carrier Lifetimes in n-Type 4H-SiC Epilayers

Recent advances in preparing n-type 4H-SiC with long carrier lifetimes have greatly enhanced the possibility of realizing commercially available, very high voltage and high power solid state switching diodes. For the range > several kV, vertical bipolar structures are required with drift layers exhibiting carrier lifetimes ≥ several µsec. Recently, low-doped epilayers with carrier lifetimes in excess of this have been demonstrated, thus approaching a goal that has been pursued for over a decade. Historically, the short lifetimes in early epitaxial layers (a few hundred nsec) were eventually identified with the Vc-related Z1/2 lifetime killer. Current strategies to minimize this defect are an essential ingredient in the procedure for obtaining long-lifetime material. In order to optimize the attainable lifetimes, it has been shown that in addition to low Z1/2 levels, very thick layers are required to minimize the effects of recombination in the substrate and surface passivation is also necessary to minimize surface recombination (S < 1000 cm/sec).
Design of a High-Bandwidth XY Nanopositioning Stage for High-Throughput Micro/Nano Manufacturing

A high natural frequency (open-loop bandwidth) is a critical requirement for nanopositioners in high-throughput nanomanufacturing and nano-metrology applications. This paper presents the design and analysis of a high-bandwidth nanopositioning XY stage. The monolithic stage design has two axes and each axis is comprised of a doubly-clamped beam and a parallelogram hybrid flexure with complaint beams and circular flexure hinges. The doubly-clamped beam that is actuated by a piezoelectric actuator acts as a linear prismatic axis. The parallelogram hybrid flexures are used to decouple the actuation effect from the other axis. The mechanism design decouples the motion in the X and Y directions and restricts parasitic rotations in the XY plane while allowing for an increased bandwidth with linear kinematics in the operating region (or workspace). Kinematic and dynamic analysis shows that the mechanical structure of the stage has decoupled motion in XY direction, while achieving high bandwidth and good linearity. Finite element analysis is adapted to verify the dynamic responses from theoretical analysis. The stage is actuated by piezoelectric stack actuators, and two capacitive gauges were added to the system to build a closed-loop positioning system. The results from frequency test show that the resonation frequencies of the two vibrational modes are over 8K Hz. The stage is capable of about 15 microns of motion along each axis with a resolution of about 1 nanometer. Due to parallel kinematic mechanism design, a uniform performance is achieved across the workspace. A PI controller is implemented for the stage and a high closed-loop bandwidth is obtained.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The response of linear networks to suddenly applied stationary random noise

IN RECENT years time-varying circuits have attracted considerable attention in the literature,1 but little seems to have been done2 for those cases in which the input to such circuits is a random one.
Continental shelf circulation induced by a moving, localized wind stress

Abstract A linear, two-dimensional model of a rotating, stratified fluid is constructed to investigate the circulation induced by a moving, localized line of surface stress. This model is used to analyze the effect of moving cold fronts on continental shelf circulation. The nature of the induced circulation depends on the relative magnitude of the translation speed of the storm and the natural internal wave speed. If the surface stress moves slower than the internal wave speed. the disturbance is quasi-geostrophic and moves with the storm. If the storm moves faster than the internal wave speed, two sets of internal-inertial waves are produced. One set of waves is forced by the surface forcing and travels at the speed of the storm. Another set of waves is produced by reflection of the directly forced waves from the coastal wall. We conclude that free surface deflection (slope) is responsible for the low-frequency. quasi-geostrophic currents due to passing cold fronts. The internal response is composed of t...
An evolutionary framework for service innovation: Insights of complexity theory for service science

Abstract There is an increasing need for a theory-based and industry-oriented framework for service innovation in both research and practice. However the study of service innovation has been somewhat limited. This paper applies two models of complexity theory (Kauffman's NK model in biology and organizational ambidexterity in organization science) for service innovation and proposes a novel perspective on service innovation as an evolutionary process , which is interactive, local, unpredictable, and emergent. The paper also proposes a typology of service innovation that includes eight different strategic orientations of service innovation; also included are illustrations from a knowledge-intensive service industry, particularly the IT-based consulting and service industry sector. Drawing from this complexity theory perspective, the paper discusses numerous implications for future conceptualization of service, multidimensionality of service innovation, and service innovation strategies.
Bury My Heart in Doha: Reflections on Performing Western Academia Overseas

Critical reflection on the course of the Western university system has never been more important than at the juncture of its exportation around the world. The importation of Western academic institutions in the modernizing states of the Muslim world is fraught with contradictions, responding to the desire to craft a citizenship recognizable to the nation-state. Despite the relationship of Western universities to modernization as a disciplining project, these institutions also carry promise. Western universities overseas can hope to revive, in dialogue with their host societies, an alternative person-centered vision of learning shared by Western humanists and classical Islamic pedagogies alike.
Economic efficiency: A paradigm for business ethics

Current teaching, writing and thinking in business ethics reflects (more than) a tendency to subsume business into the theoretical, idealistic and impractical objectives of philosophical ethics. Professors Primeaux and Stieber argue against this tendency. They propose the basic business model of economic efficiency as a practical and appropriate paradigm for business ethics. Understood from a behavioral perspective, economic efficiency reflects all of the ethical considerations of the academic study of philosophical ethics, but in a much more concrete and applicable manner. In effect, they are proposing that any study of business ethics defines its starting point and focus of reference in terms of economic efficiency. qu]Is there a need for business ethics? Yes, of course! Can business ethics be taught? Well, yes. But ... But, what? But, how?
The polarization of protons scattered by carbon

Abstract Angular distributions of polarization and cross section in p−12C elastic scattering have been measured in 10° intervals for laboratory scattering angles ψ1=20° to 140° at eight energies between 4.7 and 8.7 MeV. Polarizations and cross sections as a function of energy at ψ1=50° are also presented. At three angles of scattering (ψ1=50°, 70° and 90°). the polarization measurements were extended to 11.3 MeV. A phase analysis of the data was carried out at the energies where angular distributions were measured. It is shown that the gross features of the energy dependence of the phase shifts agrees with the optical model.
TLR2-Dependent Inhibition of Macrophage Responses to IFN-γ Is Mediated by Distinct, Gene-Specific Mechanisms

Mycobacterium tuberculosis uses multiple mechanisms to avoid elimination by the immune system. We have previously shown that M. tuberculosis can inhibit selected macrophage responses to IFN-gamma through TLR2-dependent and -independent mechanisms. To specifically address the role of TLR2 signaling in mediating this inhibition, we stimulated macrophages with the specific TLR2/1 ligand Pam(3)CSK(4) and assayed responses to IFN-gamma. Pam(3)CSK(4) stimulation prior to IFN-gamma inhibited transcription of the unrelated IFN-gamma-inducible genes, CIITA and CXCL11. Surface expression of MHC class II and secretion of CXCL11 were greatly reduced as well, indicating that the reduction in transcripts had downstream effects. Inhibition of both genes required new protein synthesis. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that TLR2 stimulation inhibited IFN-gamma-induced RNA polymerase II binding to the CIITA and CXCL11 promoters. Furthermore, TATA binding protein was unable to bind the TATA box of the CXCL11 promoter, suggesting that assembly of transcriptional machinery was disrupted. However, TLR2 stimulation affected chromatin modifications differently at each of the inhibited promoters. Histone H3 and H4 acetylation was reduced at the CIITA promoter but unaffected at the CXCL11 promoter. In addition, NF-kappaB signaling was required for inhibition of CXCL11 transcription, but not for inhibition of CIITA. Taken together, these results indicate that TLR2-dependent inhibition of IFN-gamma-induced gene expression is mediated by distinct, gene-specific mechanisms that disrupt binding of the transcriptional machinery to the promoters.
A controlled trial of human surfactant replacement therapy for severe respiratory distress syndrome in very low birth weight infants.

In a randomized, controlled study, human surfactant derived from amniotic fluid was administered within 12 hours of birth to infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome who were born at 24 to 32 weeks of gestation weighing ≤1500 gm. A second dose of surfactant was given to patients in the treatment group if they met ventilator requirements indicating relapse or lack of response to the initial dose. No significant improvement was observed in mortality rate (9/28 vs 15/31) or incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (5/28 vs 3/31) when surfactant-treated infants were compared with control subjects, although there was a significant reduction in initial respirator and inspired oxygen requirements and the arterial/alveolar oxygen ratio improved. In addition, there was a significant reduction in pulmonary air leak in treated infants (10/28 vs 20/31; p p =0.05), indicating a more severe form of disease. Multiple discriminant analysis, including eight independent variables, revealed that increasing birth weight, earlier age at surfactant treatment, and female gender were significantly associated with survival. These data suggest that early surfactant treatment may reduce mortality rates in very low birth weight infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome, as well as reduce ventilator requirements and the incidence of pulmonary air leaks.
Precipitation Processes within an Alberta Supercell Hailstorm

Abstract An investigation was made into the precipitation processes operating within an Alberta supercell hailstorm which occurred on 22 July 1979. The main research tools employed in the study were an instrumented aircraft and an S-band meteorological radar. Five cloud penetrations were conducted in and around the bounded weak-echo region associated with the main updraft of the storm during a 40 min period while the storm was producing 2–5 cm diam hail at the surface. The main updraft consisted of a relatively smooth, steady flow with adiabatic temperature. The main updraft acted as an obstacle to the mid-level environmental flow and caused the winds to split and accelerate around the southern side. Several smaller turbulent updrafts associated with time-dependent, fine-scale convective cells (feeder clouds) existed adjacent to the main updraft and appeared to be superimposed onto the quasi-steady, broader-scale dynamically forced circulation of the main storm. Graupel particles which originated within t...
Measurement of the spin correlation parameters All and Asl for the reaction pp-->d pi + in the energy region 500-800 MeV.

Angular distributions of the spin-correlation parameters A/sub s//sub l/ and A/sub l//sub l/ for the reaction pp..--> pi../sup +/d have been measured at pion center-of-mass angles 40/sup 0/less than or equal totheta/sub ..pi..//sub =//sup */less than or equal to130/sup 0/ at incident energies of 500, 650, and 800 MeV. Additional measurements of A/sub l//sub l/ were made at 600, 700, and 750 MeV. The results of the experiment are compared with the predictions of several unified coupled-channel calculations and partial-wave analyses. While the latest partial-wave analyses were found to fit the data reasonably well, all except one of the various model predictions not only do not fit the data well, but also tend to be in disagreement with each other. The data show no clear sign of a need for proposed dibaryon resonances.
Nonsurgical treatment of patients with periodontal disease.

Abstract Objectives To determine whether the short-term use of systemic antimicrobials (metronidazole or doxycycline) and locally delivered antimicrobials (metronidazole, chlorhexidine) in patients with advanced forms of perodontal disease could prevent the normally necessary access surgery. Study designs Ninety-four patients were randomly assigned with the use of a double-blind protocol. Results There was a 93% reduction in the need for periodontal surgery about individual teeth and an 81% reduction in the need for tooth extractions. Only 93 teeth of an initial total of 783 teeth actually needed surgery or extractions. Eighty-one percent of the patients entered into the maintenance phase of treatment without needing surgical treatments. Conclusions These findings indicate that a treatment paradigm based on the diagnosis and treatment of anaerobic infections is likely to be successful in those patients for whom access surgery is recommended.
Why Music Moves Us. By Jeanette Bicknell

Why Music Moves Us. By Jeanette Bicknell (Houndsmill, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), xviii + 165 pp. £18.99/$37.00 cloth; £9.99/$15.00 paper. Two significant cultural products, music and philosophy...
Organic carbon flux and organic carbon to calcite flux ratio recorded in deep‐sea carbonates: Demonstration and a new proxy

[1] Theoretical considerations indicate that degree of bottom water calcite saturation, organic carbon flux, and the ratio of that flux to the calcite flux all are reflected in the carbonate preservation record of deep-sea sediments. Separating the influence of these various factors on the record depends first on estimating the percent of the calcite flux which is dissolved at the seabed. We have developed a new proxy for percent dissolved calcite by calibrating a foraminiferal fragmentation index to biogeochemical model-derived data. Application of our proxy, combined with geochemical modeling, to the surface sediments of the Eastern Equatorial Pacific [EEP], demonstrates the need for all three of the variables listed above to account for the observations. Further, we used reverse modeling to map the ratio of the biotic fluxes across the EEP. We observe a coherent regional pattern with highest ratio values, as expected, associated with areas of upwelling, particularly along South America. Our proxy appears to be unaffected by carbonate sediment properties such as percent calcite in samples or the amount of coarse fraction (>63 μm) in the calcareous portion of the sediments; therefore it reflects primarily the geochemical environment rather than characteristics of seabed deposits.
Electronic Structure of F-Centers in LiH by the SCF Xα Method

The electronic structure of F-centers in LiH is obtained by SCF Xα method. The F-center transition energy is found to be 4.76 eV. Differences between the electronic structure of F-centers in ionic oxides and that in LiH are discussed. Mittels SCF-Xα-Methode wird die Elektronenstruktur von F-Zentren in LiH bestimmt. Es wird gefunden, das die F-Zentren -Ubergangsenergie 4, 76 eV betragt. Unterschiede zwischen den Elektronenstrukturen derd F-Zentren in ionishcen Oxiden und in LiH werden diskutiert.
Gating of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channels by adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis. Quantitative analysis of a cyclic gating scheme.

Gating of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) involves a coordinated action of ATP on two nucleotide binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2). Previous studies using nonhydrolyzable ATP analogues and NBD mutant CFTR have suggested that nucleotide hydrolysis at NBD1 is required for opening of the channel, while hydrolysis of nucleotides at NBD2 controls channel closing. We studied ATP-dependent gating of CFTR in excised inside-out patches from stably transfected NIH3T3 cells. Single channel kinetics of CFTR gating at different [ATP] were analyzed. The closed time constant (τc) decreased with increasing [ATP] to a minimum value of ∼0.43 s at [ATP] >1.00 mM. The open time constant (τo) increased with increasing [ATP] with a minimal τo of ∼260 ms. Kinetic analysis of K1250A-CFTR, a mutant that abolishes ATP hydrolysis at NBD2, reveals the presence of two open states. A short open state with a time constant of ∼250 ms is dominant at low ATP concentrations (10 μM) and a much longer open state with a time constant of ∼3 min is present at millimolar ATP. These data suggest that nucleotide binding and hydrolysis at NBD1 is coupled to channel opening and that the channel can close without nucleotide interaction with NBD2. A quantitative cyclic gating scheme with microscopic irreversibility was constructed based on the kinetic parameters derived from single-channel analysis. The estimated values of the kinetic parameters suggest that NBD1 and NBD2 are neither functionally nor biochemically equivalent.
Sparse Signal Recovery via l1 Minimization

The purpose of this paper is to give a brief overview of the main results for sparse recovery via L optimization. Given a set of K linear measurements y=Ax where A is a Ktimes;N matrix, the recovery is performed by solving the convex program minparxpar1 subject to Ax=y, where parxpar1:=Sigma t=0 N-1|x(t)|. If x is S-sparse (it contains only S nonzero components), and the matrix A obeys a certain type of uncertainty principle then the above equation will recover x exactly when K is on the order of S log N. The number of measurements it takes to acquire a sparse signal is within a constant log factor of its inherent complexity, even though we have no idea which components are important before hand. The recovery procedure can be made stable against measurement errors, and is computationally tractable.
A revised classification of the tribe Phaseoleae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae), and its relation to canavanine distribution

The subtribal classification of the tribe Phaseoleae has drifted into disorder since Bentham's (1865) scheme in the Genera Plantarum. A revised classification is here proposed, which for the first time accounts for all of the currently recognized genera. This classification has seven subtribes: Cajaninae, Diocleinae, Kennediinae, Phaseolinae, Glycininae, Ophrestiinae, and Erythrininae, of which the Ophrestiinae is new. A survey for the free amino acid, canavanine, shows that it is most often present in the Diocleinae and Kennediinae and frequently absent in the rest of the tribe.
Views from the engineering college: engineering for non-engineers

The author argues that more emphasis should be put on the mission statement of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), namely, that ASEE should foster the technological education of society. He examines how engineering schools do and should fit into the enhancement of science and engineering awareness and knowledge of the general citizenry. It is pointed out that ASEE has determined that there are five top-priority strategic categories on which it should focus: vitality of engineering education through restructuring for the future; improving engineering education through innovations and total quality leadership; globalization and internationalization of engineering education; outreach to youth to encourage pursuit of engineering education; and making the research dimensions of the ASEE reflect the realities of modern engineering education and educators. >
Ceramic-Polyimide Systems for Electronic Packaging

A family of new high performance thermoplastic polyimide adhesives2 have been developed that can be directly laminated to ceramic substrates, polyimide films, metals, and/or sputter metallized for eventual circuit fabrication. We have also developed new heat-sealable composite polyimide films that have improved CTE, that have good dimensional stability and that can also be directly bonded to ceramic and glass-ceramic substrates. With these new material sets various constructions of ceramic-polyimide rigid-flex systems can be conceived to meet the more demanding needs of the electronics industry. We have laminated these films to metals and various ceramic substrates such as alumina, aluminum nitride, glass, etc. and investigated the bond stabilities under thermal and humidity aging conditions.
Agonist-induced polarized trafficking and surface expression of the adenosine 2b receptor in intestinal epithelial cells: role of SNARE proteins

Adenosine, acting through the A2b receptor, induces vectorial chloride and IL-6 secretion in intestinal epithelia and may play an important role in intestinal inflammation. We have previously shown...
Oxidation Kinetics of Powdered Silicon Nitride

The oxidation kinetics of powdered silicon nitride were studied in dry oxygen and dry air at 1 atm pressure between 1065° and 1340°C. An automatic recording electrobalance was used to measure the weight gain as a function of time. Parabolic oxidation kinetics were observed with an activation energy of 61 kcal/mol in dry oxygen and 68 kcal/mol in dry air. The oxidation rate in dry oxygen was approximately twice that in air. The solid oxidation product was tridymite above 1125°C and amorphous silica at 1067°C.
Effects of variations in stimulus rise-decay time upon the early components of the auditory evoked response

Abstract The present study set out to investigate the extent to which signal rise-decay time could be lengthened in time without significantly reducing response magnitude. The primary goal of the investigation was to find a rise-decay time whose duration was long enough to provide a restricted frequency spectrum yet was able to elicit a cortical response that was clearly detectable. The 5 following levels of rise-decay time were studied: (1) instantaneous; (2) 5 msec; (3) 10 msec; (4) 25 msec; and (5) 50 msec. Each of these 5 experimental conditions was administered to 10 adult subjects whose physiological and neurological history was normal. Analyses of response amplitudes revealed that a signal with 5 msec rise-decay time had effectiveness equal to that of an acoustic click in evoking a detectable response. Longer rise-decay time conditions were considerably less effective. No systematic variations in latency occurred in the early responses evoked by the tonal stimuli.
Effects of early exposure and lifetime exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) on child adjustment

Children exposed to overwhelming and potentially traumatic events early in their lives are considered at-risk for problems in adjustment. Yet it is not known whether it is the age of first exposure (AFE) to violence or the amount of violence that the child witnessed in their lifetime that has the greatest impact on adjustment. For a sample of 190 children ages 6 to 12 exposed to intimate partner violence, their mothers reported that the average length of their abusive relationship was 10 years. The majority of children were first exposed to family violence as infants (64%), with only 12% first exposed when school-aged. Both the AFE and an estimate of the cumulative amount of violence were significantly and negatively related to children's behavioral problems. However, in regression analyses controlling for child sex, ethnicity, age, and family environment variables, cumulative violence exposure accounted for greater variance in adjustment than did AFE. Furthermore, cumulative violence exposure mediated the relationship between AFE and externalizing behavior problems, indicating that the cumulative exposure to IPV outweighed the AFE in its effect on child adjustment.
Sex Determination of Day-old Chicks

Abstract MASUI and Hashimoto (1933), Forsyth (1934), Gibbs (1935), Shrader, Burrows, and Hammond (1934) are the authors of rather complete publications dealing with the history, embryology, and art of sexing day-old chicks by the so-called Japanese method. In attempting to master the art without the help of an expert sexor, the author felt that there was a distinct need for life-like illustrations, clearly oriented, which would aid the persevering student in attaining an accuracy of 95 percent or better. The accompanying illustrations attempt to simplify the art of sexing chicks by showing the everted cloaca as it actually appears to the operator when seen under the magnification of the commonly used binocular loupe. White Leghorn chicks of the college flock as well as those of two commercial hatcheries were used in developing this study. A 200 watt blue bulb with reflector was found to illuminate satisfactorily. Figure 1 illustrates the method . . .
Talking Politics on Facebook: Network Centrality and Political Discussion Practices in Social Media

This study examines the relationship between political discussion on Facebook and social network location. It uses a survey name generator to map friendship ties between students at a university an...
Autonomous characterization of clock drift for timescale improvement at the AHU/APL time and frequency laboratory

We have reported on continuous improvements in the capability of our time and frequency laboratory. A substantial portion of our progress in capability was achieved through the incorporation of new clock hardware, improvement in GPS time recovery and coordination of our clocks into the computation of TAI. We have discussed our ensemble of hydrogen maser and cesium beam atomic clocks into a timescale that enables UTC (APL) to be steered within plusmn 30 nanoseconds per month of UTC. The propagation of the APL timescale is based on a modified version of the Percival method, requiring regular characterization of each clock's frequency rate and drift. Here, we discuss our results in an autonomous characterization of the individual clocks contributing to the APL timescale. This improvement in our operation has minimized the need for routine operator timescale maintenance and realizes the advantages in clock estimation using frequency, described by J.A. Barnes and D.W. Allan (1985). We discuss how our approach at characterizing the nonlinear drift observed in our hydrogen masers has aided our attempt to discipline the long term frequency drift behavior of quartz ultra-stable oscillators in the space environment. As in previous reports, we present updated laboratory performance in the form of UTC-UTC(APL)
In vitro shoot proliferation and propagation of guava (Psidium guajava L.) from germinated seedlings

Guava seeds were germinated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with or without 8.8 μM benzyladenine (BA). BA increased the rate of germination and the number of lateral shoots (3.4 vs 1.2 per seedling). Stem nodes from these lateral shoots were cultured on proliferation media with 4.4 μM BA, and multiple shoots (3.5) were formed within 4 weeks of culture. Increasing the concentration of BA or the addition of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) did not affect shoot formation. Shoots produced from explants and lateral shoots from germinated seedlings were rooted in media containing activated charcoal (AC) or 9.8 μM indolebutyric acid (IBA). Shoots rooted with IBA had a higher rooting percentage (100% vs 75%) and a greater number of roots (5.5 vs 3.2) but the shoots were shorter (2.6 vs 3.4 cm) than when rooted in AC, and they required an additional 4 weeks of culture in media with AC to achieve shoot elongation. About 80% of the shoots with roots survived in the glasshouse and produced normal phenotypic plants.
The coupling between stability and ion pair formation in magnesium electrolytes from first-principles quantum mechanics and classical molecular dynamics.

In this work we uncover a novel effect between concentration dependent ion pair formation and anion stability at reducing potentials, e.g., at the metal anode. Through comprehensive calculations using both first-principles as well as well-benchmarked classical molecular dynamics over a matrix of electrolytes, covering solvents and salt anions with a broad range in chemistry, we elucidate systematic correlations between molecular level interactions and composite electrolyte properties, such as electrochemical stability, solvation structure, and dynamics. We find that Mg electrolytes are highly prone to ion pair formation, even at modest concentrations, for a wide range of solvents with different dielectric constants, which have implications for dynamics as well as charge transfer. Specifically, we observe that, at Mg metal potentials, the ion pair undergoes partial reduction at the Mg cation center (Mg2+ → Mg+), which competes with the charge transfer mechanism and can activate the anion to render it susce...