cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DC Line Fault Recovery Schemes of Weak Receiving Systems

DC line fault recovery improves reliability of DC system.However,impacts on frequency and voltage of weak receiving systems are serious.This paper studies DC line fault recovery schemes of weak receiving systems.The operation sequence of a typical DC line fault recovery is firstly introduced,and impacts of DC line fault recovery on the second and third defensive line of power systems are analyzed.It is indicated that DC line fault recovery and low-frequency load shedding may lead to cascading faults without well coordination.Then,principles for the coordination are put forward,and a assessment of schemes for DC line fault recovery and its flow chart are proposed.Candidate schemes of DC line fault recovery are analyzed,and regulations of system operation are suggested.Finally,schemes for DC line fault recovery of a weak receiving system are studied,and operation suggestions are given.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed criteria and methods.
ANALYSIS ON THE EPIDEMIC SITUATION OF ACUTE INTESTINAL COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN CHENGJIANG COUNTY OF YUNNAN PROVINCE FROM 1996 TO 2005

[Objective]To analyse the situation and the prevalent trend of intestinal infection in Chengjiang county and to provide scientific evidence for establishing prevention and control policy on the intestinal infection.[Methods]The epidemic situation of intestinal infection from 1996 to 2005 in Chengjiang county were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method.[Results]There were 3 kinds of intestinal infection being reported in Chengjiang county,with a total of 3161 cases. Average annual incidence of intestinal infection was 212.21/ 100 000 which accounted for 66.39% of the legal contagious diseases.[Conclusion]The main infectious diseases in Cheng jiang are intestinal infection from 1996 to 2005,among which,the main influencing factors are typhoid and paratyphoid. The effective control of typhoid and paratyphoid is the key point to decrease the number of cases of infectious diseases. The prevention and control of intestinal infection are the most important among the prevention and control of infectious diseases. In order to avoid the outbreak of intestinal infection,some effective measures should be adopted on the prevention and control of intestinal infection.
Opportunities and challenges in developing risk prediction models with electronic health records data: a systematic review

Objective Electronic health records (EHRs) are an increasingly common data source for clinical risk prediction, presenting both unique analytic opportunities and challenges. We sought to evaluate the current state of EHR based risk prediction modeling through a systematic review of clinical prediction studies using EHR data. Methods We searched PubMed for articles that reported on the use of an EHR to develop a risk prediction model from 2009 to 2014. Articles were extracted by two reviewers, and we abstracted information on study design, use of EHR data, model building, and performance from each publication and supplementary documentation. Results We identified 107 articles from 15 different countries. Studies were generally very large (median sample size = 26 100) and utilized a diverse array of predictors. Most used validation techniques ( n = 94 of 107) and reported model coefficients for reproducibility ( n = 83). However, studies did not fully leverage the breadth of EHR data, as they uncommonly used longitudinal information ( n = 37) and employed relatively few predictor variables (median = 27 variables). Less than half of the studies were multicenter ( n = 50) and only 26 performed validation across sites. Many studies did not fully address biases of EHR data such as missing data or loss to follow-up. Average c-statistics for different outcomes were: mortality (0.84), clinical prediction (0.83), hospitalization (0.71), and service utilization (0.71). Conclusions EHR data present both opportunities and challenges for clinical risk prediction. There is room for improvement in designing such studies.
Primary breast and lung carcinoma in the same patient.

From 1949 through 1972, 49 patients with breast cancer developed a separate primary cancer of the lung. Twenty-three additional patients with lung shadows proved to have a breast cancer metastasis, and in 6 others, a benign lesion was found. Of those with lung cancer, 30 patients had pulmonary surgery. Of 12 patients whose cancers were resected 5 years or more ago, 4 have survived. In these survivors, there was no correlation with age, sex, or interval between the two cancers. In others, the cause of death was predominantly disseminated lung cancer. The presence of yet additional primary cancers to those of breast and lung did not seem to modify survival provided aggressive treatment was instituted for each lesion. All cancer patients require periodic, continual follow-up examinations with appropriate chest x-ray studies for early detection of metastases or new primary tumors. The synchronous or metachronous presence of a solitary lung shadow in a breast cancer patient requires histologic clarification without delay so that proper treatment can be instituted and an accurate prognosis given.
Microbial mats in a thermomineral sulfurous cave

The thermomineral sulfurous waters at Mangalia in southeastern Dobrogea, Romania, have been known and used as spa facilities for well over 2,000 years (Feru and Capota 1991). Hydrogeologieal studies performed during the last 60 years (Macovei 1912; Ciocirdel and Protopopescu-Pache 1955; Moissiu 1968; Feru and Capota 1991) identified a deep captive sulfurous aquifer located in Barremian-Jurassic limestones, extending 15 km to the North and 50 km to the South of Mangalia. In the Mangalia region, a system of geological faults allows the deep water to ascend toward the surface and mix with the Sarmatian oxygenated waters (Lascu et al. 1993). The biological investigation of the subsurface ecosystems associated with the sulfurous waters at Mangalia commenced in the late eighties, after the discovery of Movile Cave and its unique subterranean chemoautotrophically based ecosystem (Sarbu, 1990).
The Influence of a Community Pharmacy Automatic Prescription Refill Program on Medicare Part D Adherence Metrics.

BACKGROUND: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) include measures of medication adherence within its Medicare Part D star ratings program. These adherence measures have motivated the development of new methods to improve patient adherence. Automatic prescription refill programs in community pharmacies are an intervention that has seen widespread adoption in recent years. These automatic refill programs anticipate and initiate prescription refills on a standardized, recurrent basis. As a result, prescription refills may be filled before a patient typically might initiate a refill. This study measures the effect of an automatic prescription refill program on 3 adherence metrics used by CMS within Medicare Part D star ratings. OBJECTIVE: To compare the value of Medicare Part D adherence metrics for an automatic prescription refill program relative to standard prescription refills. METHODS: Prescription dispensing data (January 1, 2014-December 31, 2014) from a chain of 29 pharmacies in a midwes...
Dynamics over Global Fields

Just as algebraic number theory and Diophantine geometry can be studied over local fields and over global fields, so too does arithmetic dynamics have a local theory and a global theory. In this chapter we study some of the fundamental questions in arithmetic dynamics over global fields. Many of these constructions, theorems, and conjectures have direct analogues in the theory of Diophantine equations, especially the arithmetic theory of elliptic curves. Among the topics covered in this chapter are dynamical analogues of the theory of canonical heights, finiteness of integral points, uniformity of rational torsion points, and cyclotomic and elliptic units.
Testing the effects of a competency‐based interpersonal communication course

Four skills (empathy, descriptiveness, owning thoughts and feelings, and self‐disclosure) were identified as being appropriate operationalizations of interpersonal competence. The skills were measured by ranking and scoring students’ response options to hypothetical interpersonal situations. In three experiments, pretests and post‐tests were administered to students in various sections of a 100‐level interpersonal communication course and compared with the competency scores of groups of students who did not participate in an interpersonal communication course. Results, by analysis of variance, indicated that students who had been taught a skills‐based interpersonal communication course significantly increased their interpersonal competence.
Review of Active Learning in Political Science Blog

The Active Learning in Political Science (ALPS) blog emerged from ongoing discussions at the American Political Science Association (APSA) Teaching and Learning Conferences (TLCs). At the 2011 TLC,...
Carbon Monoxide Therapy Modulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development in Heme-Oxygenase-1 Knockout Mice

Abstract 1318 Previous studies have demonstrated that heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate limiting enzyme in the catabolism of heme, is a regulator of the balance between hematopoiesis and stem cell preservation under stress. HO-1 −/− mice display oxidative stress, anemia, and leukocytosis with chronic inflammation. We hypothesize that therapy with inhaled carbon monoxide (CO), a by-product of HO-1 activity with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties; will reduce stress hematopoiesis in HO-1 −/− mice, reducing inflammation and redistributing hematopoietic potential. In order to test this hypothesis we treated 25 week old HO-1 −/− mice and HO-1 +/+ mice (n=7/strain) with 250 ppm inhaled CO for 1 h/day, 3 days/week for eight weeks and compared them to an equal number of untreated HO-1 −/− and HO-1 +/+ mice. After 8-weeks of treatment the mice were sacrificed and flow cytometry was performed on bone marrow to assess hematopoietic potential. Cell cycle analysis of the bone marrow demonstrates that untreated HO-1 −/− mice have a significantly decreased percent of cells in S-phase compared to untreated HO-1 +/+ mice. Treatment with CO significantly (p −/− mice but not HO-1 +/+ mice. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in lineage − , c-kit + , Sca-1 + (KLS) cell population was assessed using 5-(and 6-)-chloromethyl-29,79-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate dye. HO-1 −/− mice have a significantly (p +/+ mice. Analysis of long-term (LT), short-term, and multipotent (MPP) progenitor cell populations was conducted. Treatment with CO significantly (p −/− mice but not HO-1 +/+ mice. Concordantly, the total white blood cell count of the CO-treated mice increased significantly. The differential of the mature blood cells demonstrates significant shift in cell maturation, with significant increase in red blood cells, platelets, and lymphocytes and a significant decrease in monocytes. Combined this data indicates that CO therapy is able to modify the hematopoietic potential of HO-1 −/− mice leading to a change in mature cell populations. We propose a model in which CO-mediated signaling initiates a homeostatic conditioning program in stem cells to balance hematopoiesis and stem cell preservation, ultimately leading to a change in the inflammatory milieu of the mice. Disclosures: Belcher: Sangart, Inc: Research Funding. Vercellotti: Sangart, Inc: Research Funding.
Helge Hultberg, Die ästhetischen Anschauungen Bertolt Brechts: Trans. from the Danish by Hans Martin J ung hans. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1962.

(1963). Helge Hultberg, Die asthetischen Anschauungen Bertolt Brechts. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 189-191.
Mechanical modeling of battery separator based on microstructure image analysis and stochastic characterization

Abstract A microstructure-based modeling method is developed to predict the mechanical behaviors of lithium-ion battery separators. Existing battery separator modeling methods cannot capture the structural features on the microscale. To overcome this issue, we propose an image-based microstructure Representative Volume Element (RVE) modeling method, which facilitates the understanding of the separators' complex macro mechanical behaviors from the perspective of microstructural features. A generic image processing workflow is developed to identify different phases in the microscopic image. The processed RVE image supplies microstructural information to the Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Both mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution are obtained from the simulation. The evolution of microstructure features is quantified using the stochastic microstructure characterization methods. The proposed method successfully captures the anisotropic behavior of the separator under tensile test, and provides insights into the microstructure deformation, such as the growth of voids. We apply the proposed method to a commercially available separator as the demonstration. The analysis results are validated using experimental testing results that are reported in literature.
Airway inflammation and symptoms in children following liver and heart transplantation.

Objectives To describe the upper airway endoscopic findings of children with upper airway symptoms after liver transplantation (LT) or heart transplantation (HT). Methods Review of children undergoing airway endoscopy after LT or HT from 2011 to 2015 at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Airway findings, biopsy results, immunosuppression, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) levels were recorded. Results Twenty-three of 158 LT (111) and HT (47) recipients underwent endoscopy. Median time from LT to endoscopy was 9 months (range 4-25) and 31 months (range 1-108) for HT. Thirteen of 23 patients presented with upper airway symptoms, and 10/23 presented with respiratory failure or for surveillance. Thirteen patients with upper airway symptoms had abnormal findings (7 LT; 6 HT), most commonly arytenoid edema (13 patients). There were five EBV-positive biopsies (four with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder), and six EBV-negative biopsies with lymphocytic inflammation. One biopsy demonstrated fungal infection. Immunosuppression was decreased in seven patients, and three received steroids. There were no episodes of allograft rejection. No patients had airway symptoms at last follow-up. Conclusions In pediatric solid organ transplant recipients, symptoms of airway obstruction are not uncommon and should be evaluated with endoscopy. Endoscopy without symptoms is low-yield. Treatment with decreased immunosuppression improved airway symptoms.
Preoperative geriatric assessment (GA) and surgical outcomes in older women with gynecological (gyn) cancer.

5108 Background: GA can predict surgical outcomes in older patients (pts); however, pre-surgical evaluation for older pts with gyn malignancies has not been well-described. This study will determin...
Towards Autonomous Grasping with Robotic Prosthetic Hands

For an effective use of a robotic prosthetic, smooth transition between the states of this human-in-the-loop cyber-physical system (or autonomous operation) is crucial. In order to achieve that, taking into account the uncertainties in the robotic system may be as significant as anticipating the human intent. In this study, we present two risk measures associated with a simple grasping task based on the pre-grasp position and orientation of the robotic hand, and analyze them by using a model of a dexterous mechatronic prosthetic arm to simulate a simple grasping task. Moreover, we develop a hybrid position and force grasp controller and use a grasp quality metric to assess the grasps. 34 simulations with different pre-grasp poses were performed to investigate the relationship between the grasp quality and the risk measures as well as the sensitivity of the grasp quality to the pre-grasp position of the hand. Results show that the proposed risk metrics and the pre-grasp position correlate with the grasp quality, yet they are not sufficient to predict the outcome.
Prevalence of Hearing Loss in US Children and Adolescents: Findings From NHANES 1988-2010.

Importance There have been concerns about increasing levels of hearing impairment in children and adolescents, especially in relation to noise exposure, because even mild levels of hearing loss can affect educational outcomes. Objective To further characterize changes in prevalence of hearing loss and noise exposures in the US pediatric population over time. Design, Setting, and Participants This is a retrospective analysis of demographic and audiometric data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994), NHANES 2005-2006, NHANES 2007-2008, and NHANES 2009-2010. The NHANES are nationally representative survey data sets collected and managed by the US National Center for Health Statistics, and this study includes a total of 7036 survey participants ages 12 to 19 years with available audiometric measurements. Exposures Hearing-related behaviors and risk factors such as history of ear infections, noise exposures, firearm use, and hearing protection use. Main Outcomes and Measures Level of hearing loss measured by pure-tone audiometry, as well as high-frequency and low-frequency hearing loss and noise-induced threshold shifts. Results Overall, data from 7036 survey participants ages 12 to 19 years with available audiometric measurements were analyzed. The prevalence of hearing loss increased from NHANES III to NHANES 2007-2008 (17.0% to 22.5% for >15 dB hearing loss; absolute difference, 5.5%; 95% CI, 6.1%-10.3%) but decreased in the NHANES 2009-2010 to 15.2% (absolute difference, 7.2%; 95% CI, 2.0%-12.4%) with no significant overall secular trend identified. There was an overall rise in exposure to loud noise or music through headphones 24 hours prior to audiometric testing from NHANES III to NHANES 2009-2010. However, noise exposure, either prolonged or recent, was not consistently associated with an increased risk of hearing loss across all surveys. The most recent survey cycle showed that nonwhite race/ethnicity and low socioeconomic status are independent risk factors for hearing loss. Conclusions and Relevance This analysis did not identify significant changes in prevalence of hearing loss in US youth ages 12 to 19 years over this time period despite increases in reported noise exposures. No consistent associations were shown between noise exposure and hearing loss, though there was an association between racial/ethnic minority status and low socioeconomic status and increased risk of hearing loss. Ongoing monitoring of hearing loss in this population is necessary to elucidate long-term trends and identify targets for intervention.
Baron de Vastey’s Testimonio and the Politics of Black Memory

This chapter suggests that the language used by John Beverley to describe testimonio as a form of protest against the violence of modernity, “a revulsion for fiction and for the fictive as such,” can be useful to us in understanding early Haitian prose works and their seeming refusal to adopt or conform to established anti-slavery literary forms, such as the abolitionist novel and the Anglophone slave narrative. Rather than simply being coeval with the sentimental and gothic literary traditions of the Atlantic World in which he lived, Vastey’s brutal account of slave punishments and tortures in Le Systeme emerges as a hard to define text that is both a state-sanctioned version of Haitian colonial history and a methodologically novel use of collective slave memory to create a “history from below.”
New Molecular Insights into the Excitation-Transcription Coupling

Neuronal activity-induced gene transcription is an important cellular mechanism for long-term plasticity. In this issue of Neuron, Tyssowski et al. (2018) provide new genome-wide features of the activity-transcription coupling mechanism that have deepened our molecular understanding of activity pattern-dependent synaptic plasticity.
An Empirical Study of Social Media Exchanges about a Controversial Topic: Confirmation Bias and Participant Characteristics

There has been a significant amount of research into social media commentary influences on human behaviors, ranging from its role in affecting political elections to predicting corporate revenues; however, to this point, the factors and influences of social media have not been completely explained and it is not entirely clear whether social media influences or simply confirms preconceptions. Moreover, with sentiment analysis, much of the research has relied on human expert interpretation of the sentiments and semantics written in various social media. It has also tended to be interpretive rather than predictive in nature. In our study, we wanted to know if social media conversations were reflective or influencers of human behavior. Using a social media mining technology we were able to determine sentiments, sentiment intensity, and the characteristics of participants. We found strong evidence of confirmation bias, but that bias was influenced by personal characteristics, and in some cases, whether the sentiments were strongly positive or strongly negative.
Effects of Cell and Material Properties on Multiplexing Levels of Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays

Multiplexed twisted nematic liquid crystal devices (TN-LCDs) are the mainstay of low power, medium information content displays. At present, the voltage threshold and the nonlinearity of the electrooptic response intrinsic to the twisted nematic structure are used to achieve multiplexing. The multiplexing level achievable using this technology is limited by the sharpness of the electrooptic response and by the variations of this response with viewing angle.1
Stealth Risks of Regulating Stealth Marketing: A Comment on Ellen Goodman's 'Stealth Marketing and Editorial Integrity'

In this response piece to Ellen Goodman's Stealth Marketing and Editorial Integrity, 85 Tex. L. Rev. 83 (2006), Professor Goldman explores the potential adverse consequences of Professor Goodman's proposal for sponsorship disclosure laws. More specifically, Goldman argues that any deliberation of such disclosure laws must consider: (i) why consumers desire to know the source of content; (ii) whether consumer distrust of marketing wrongly affects consumers' evaluation of content; and (iii) the adverse effects of noisy disclosures.
Conclusion: Independent Local Lists in East and West European Countries

Local lists are present and successful in many European countries, partly already for decades. But generally, non-partisan groups have been regarded as a political anomaly and as relicts of an ‘old system’ of local self-government and it was expected that they would eventually perish (see the contributions of Boogers, Worlund and Aars/Ringkjob in this volume; Ueltzhoffer 1975). Therefore, research on non-partisan groups has hardly been conducted, neither within the countries nor was there comparative research between different European states. But during the last two decades, their presence and success have steadily increased and they were able to establish themselves also in countries which had been fully party-politicised before. Furthermore, local lists have been and still are important actors in the process of democratic consolidation in Central and Eastern Europe.
Ingenieure und Konstrukteure

Die technischen Bureaus sollen mit gut eingearbeiteten Angestellten besetzt sein, die, um hochwertige Arbeit leisten zu konnen, unter den gunstigsten Bedingungen arbeiten mussen. Die Umgebung und auseren Umstande tragen viel dazu bei, die Tatigkeit der Konstrukteure gunstig zu beeinflussen, weshalb die Zeichensale eine gute Beluftung, Beleuchtung und eine Gesamteinrichtung von bester Beschaffenheit aufweisen sollen, auch mus auf groste Sauberkeit Wert gelegt werden. Abgestuft nach ihrer Fahigkeit und Verantwortung sollen die Ingenieure und Konstrukteure eine ausreichende Bezahlung erhalten.
The Determinants of Advancement on White-Collar Job Ladders

Although the status of minority workers continues to lag behind that of whites, women have received at least as much attention in recent years. The pay gap between men’s and women’s jobs remains large despite some improvement during the 1980s (Bergman 1986). Several studies have suggested that women’s promotion rates lag behind men’s as well (Wolf and Fligstein 1979; Rosenfeld 1980; Marini 1980). The fate of women in the labor market is strongly tied to the structure of occupations and job ladders. Female job ladders offer lower pay and have lower ceilings than the job ladders that men work on.
Robotic Mediastinal Surgery

Mediastinal masses have traditionally been resected using open approaches such as sternotomy and thoracotomy. These approaches require comparatively large incisions and may result in significant morbidity and protracted hospitalization. Minimally invasive approaches, such as video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and robotic procedures, result in improved patient recovery and decreased length of hospital stay and have therefore become increasingly commonly used. Compared with standard VATS instrumentation, the telerobotic platform allows an increased range of motion and ease of manipulation, which can be beneficial for cases where the operative field and surgical maneuverability are constrained by the confines of the chest wall and the surrounding organs. Robotic approaches may also improve cosmesis, reduce postoperative pain, and shorten recovery times. In this chapter, we discuss considerations for robotic mediastinal surgery and describe in detail a robotic thymectomy technique.
Localization of Signals in the Near-Field of an Antenna Array

The problem of locating signals transmitted in the proximity of an antenna array has been studied extensively in the signal processing literature. In this paper, we consider the standard array manifold models used in these works and show that they differ, sometimes significantly, from the model based on electromagnetic theory. In particular, the standard models do not correspond to the equations governing an electromagnetic field near an antenna or an array. They also do not take into account the characteristics of the near-field source, such as the type and orientation of the transmitting antenna, which may have a profound impact on the signals received by the array. We use selected numerical examples based on a numerical electromagnetic code to illustrate the various issues raised herein.
No Orchard, No Capital Gain

As a matter of principle, capital gain is the gain from invested capital or basis. If the taxpayer has no basis in something of value it sells, there is no capital gain. The principle that capital gain is gain from capital is embedded in the ordinary English language meaning of “capital gain,” which reflects the long history of the English property system going back into feudal tenures. Property purchased by expenses charged to the income interest remains part of the income interest and does not become capital gain reserved for the next heir. Moreover, the combination of deduction of inputs into a transaction and preferential capital gain rates for the output is a mismatch that creates an inappropriate negative tax or subsidy. The subsidy does not “clearly reflect income.” Finally, preferential rates for capital gain provide relief from what Irving Fisher called a double tax on capital, but if there is no capital, there is no double tax and thus no capital gain. This means that, like compensation, the sale of a contract to perform future services, of body parts, of self-developed goodwill, or of an income interest are ordinary assets, not capital. While capital gain has a principled meaning, there are cases that do not conform to the principles. The recent Tax Court Memorandum Decision, Greenteam Materials Recovery Facility PN v. Commissioner, treated the sale of a contract in which the taxpayer had no basis as if it were a capital asset. Compensation for services and self-developed goodwill are also sometimes treated as capital assets, which is a violation of the principled meaning of capital gain.
Alan Cyril Walker. 23 August 193820 November 2017

Colleagues often refer to Alan Walker as the Eric Clapton (one of the most influential musicians of the late twentieth century) of palaeoanthropology in recognition of the artistry of his science. ...
Facilitating Cross-Disciplinary Interactions to Stimulate Innovation: Stand Up to Cancer’s Matchmaking Convergence Ideas Lab

In the fall of 2014, the leaders of the high-profile nonprofit program Stand Up To Cancer (“SU2C”), whose mission is to raise awareness and funds to increase the pace of groundbreaking translational research that can get new therapies to patients quickly, and a group at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, a world-famous center for theoretical research in physics and mathematics, teamed up to propose a multidisciplinary meeting to explore novel approaches to cancer research. The participants would include quantitative scientists from various areas of the physical sciences (theoretical physicists, mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers) and clinical oncologists, two groups whose disparate research fields do not traditionally intersect. They would be invited to a multiday meeting in order to develop research projects integrating quantitative approaches and clinical cancer research—an exercise in convergence science. The success of the meeting that eventually resulted from this partnership, in engaging a very diverse group of researchers in developing creative, quantitative science-based approaches to advance cancer research using clinical data, ultimately led to the formation of four cross-institutional, multidisciplinary teams of researchers pursuing novel translational research projects that are being funded through a combination of private–public grants. The collaborative efforts that resulted in the February 2015 Convergence Ideas Lab meeting and these Convergence Teams are described below, and might provide guidance for others seeking to organize and facilitate cross-disciplinary interactions to stimulate innovation.
Explanation systems for supporting IoBT-based C5ISR applications

Continued advances in IoT technology have motivated new research on its applicability for military operations under the emerging Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT). Research on IoBT has sought to assess viability of both military and commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) IoT technology to augment and complement existing military sensing assets, as well as support next-generation Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) systems. Such IoBT systems are also expected to operate in uniquely challenging conditions, featuring potential presence of adversaries as well as degraded/compromised support infrastructure. Under these conditions, transparency for IoBT-based systems becomes a key design consideration in establishing their fitness-for-mission-usage. Towards supporting increased transparency into IoBT-based applications, novel methods to support explanation of system activities become necessary. This work centers on two objectives: First, identifying a generalized set of components for supporting IoBT systems, to be accounted for in future IoBT explanation models and interfaces; Second, identifying follow-on research challenges faced in developing explanation functionality for these IoBT components. Here, focus is given to three identified generalizable IoBT components: (1) Mission Planning Systems, which aid in defining mission objectives, providing support for identification of mission requirements, and supporting allocation of assets for mission use; (2) Network Dissemination Systems, which support information delivery across potentially degraded or bandwidth-constrained networks; (3) IoT Asset Review Systems, which support review of IoT asset capabilities under known environmental and mission conditions to determine their fitness for operational use.
A Political Prosopography of the Islamic Republic

In the Islamic Republic, writing about politics, more so participating in politics, is a knotty affair. The representation of the state as a self-reproducing regime by researchers and intellectuals...
Impact of Surgical Approaches on Complications, Emergency Room Admissions, and Health Care Utilization in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Fusions for Degenerative Disc Diseases: A MarketScan Database Analysis.

Objective To identify the impact of different surgical approaches for lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD) on complications, reoperations/readmissions, and health care utilization. Methods We used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and Tenth Revision and Current Procedural Terminology codes to extract data from MarketScan. Patients were divided into 6 groups: single-level anterior only (sA), single-level anterior + posterior (sAP), single-level posterior (sP), multilevel anterior (mA), multilevel anterior + posterior (mAP), and multilevel posterior only (mP). Outcomes of interest were cumulative complication rates, reoperation rates, readmission, and health care utilization at 6, 12, and 24 months. Results Of 148,499 patients, 3% had sA fusion and 54% had mP procedures. Patients in the mAP cohort incurred higher cumulative complication rates (21%) compared with sA (13%), sAP (15%), sP (14%), mA (18%), and mP (18%). Emergency room admissions within 30 days were highest in the mA cohort (14%) followed by mAP (11%) and mP (8%). At 12 and 24 months, patients with mA procedures were most likely to have either new fusion or refusion (8% and 12%) followed by sA (7% and 10%), sAP (4% and 7%), mAP (4% and 8%) mP (4% and 7%), and sP (3% and 7%). Compared with the mP cohort, patients in the mA cohort incurred 1.2 times the overall median payments, whereas mAP and sA incurred 1.1 times the payments at 12 months. This difference was further reduced at 24 months. Conclusions mAP procedures are associated with higher cumulative complications and health care utilization compared with other procedures and the difference in health care utilization tends to decrease over 12 and 24 months.
Experimental performance analysis of web recommendation model in web usage mining using KNN page ranking classification approach

Abstract Web service is the technique of detecting suitable service as per requirements and it’s applicable in enterprises, industry and government. In the real time web applications, the web usage mining is mainly focused on determining the knowledge about users and market trends. The purpose of this research is to explore the efficient web service model which plays crucial role for acquiring different services. Initially, an input data is taken from the dataset which consist of different web pages. Then the pre-processing step is included for accessing the web contents by users. For this purpose, the process of tag based pre-processing is performed. Afterwards, the modification method is performed where the user can alter, change or modify the contents in the web pages. From this research, the classification method in web usage mining can be utilized to find visitor activity information in web server logs which helps the organization for getting very useful support information and to specify the evaluation of web applications. In this paper, we introduced a new version of the web page recommendation model in web mining based on KNN page ranking classification algorithm. The recommendation model proposed is validated with social media dataset and the obtained results are tested with necessary parameters. The experimental results show our proposed model offers better performance over the existing algorithms with the high accuracy rate.
Prediction of FinFET Current-Voltage and Capacitance-Voltage Curves Using Machine Learning With Autoencoder

In this letter, we demonstrated the possibility of predicting full transistor current-voltage ( IV ) and capacitance-voltage ( CV ) curves using machines trained by Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) generated data. 3D FinFET ${I} _{D} {V} _{G}$ and ${C} _{G} {V} _{G}$ predictions are used as examples. The machine is constructed through manifold learning using Autoencoder (AE) to extract the latent variables which are then correlated to physical parameters through $3^{rd}$ -order polynomial regression. No device physics domain expertise is required in the machine learning process because there is no need to extract device metrics such as transconductance ( ${g} _{m}$ ) or Drain-Induced-Barrier-Lowering ( DIBL ) from the TCAD training data. We show that the machine can predict not just the full IV/CV curves but also ${g} _{m}$ ( $1^{st}$ derivative quantity) and DIBL (extracted from two machines trained by different data). Good results can be obtained even with IV and CV to capture the complex physics and, thus, it is expected that it is possible to predict the IV/CV of novel devices using limited experimental data before the underlying physics is well-understood.
Streaming Linear System Identification with Reverse Experience Replay

We consider the problem of estimating a linear time-invariant (LTI) dynamical system from a single trajectory via streaming algorithms, which is encountered in several applications including reinforcement learning (RL) and time-series analysis. While the LTI system estimation problem is well-studied in the {\em offline} setting, the practically important streaming/online setting has received little attention. Standard streaming methods like stochastic gradient descent (SGD) are unlikely to work since streaming points can be highly correlated. In this work, we propose a novel streaming algorithm, SGD with Reverse Experience Replay ($\mathsf{SGD}-\mathsf{RER}$), that is inspired by the experience replay (ER) technique popular in the RL literature. $\mathsf{SGD}-\mathsf{RER}$ divides data into small buffers and runs SGD backwards on the data stored in the individual buffers. We show that this algorithm exactly deconstructs the dependency structure and obtains information theoretically optimal guarantees for both parameter error and prediction error. Thus, we provide the first -- to the best of our knowledge -- optimal SGD-style algorithm for the classical problem of linear system identification with a first order oracle. Furthermore, $\mathsf{SGD}-\mathsf{RER}$ can be applied to more general settings like sparse LTI identification with known sparsity pattern, and non-linear dynamical systems. Our work demonstrates that the knowledge of data dependency structure can aid us in designing statistically and computationally efficient algorithms which can "decorrelate" streaming samples.
EEG Spectral Power: A Proposed Physiological Biomarker to Classify the Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Severity in Real Time.

Abstract Background Mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) constitutes a large unstudied population with considerable debate on how to define and treat due to the dynamic evolution of the clinical signs of encephalopathy. We propose to address this gap with quantitative physiological biomarkers to aid in stratification of the disease severity. The objectives of this prospective cohort study were to measure the electroencephalographic (EEG) power as an objective biomarker of the evolution of the clinical encephalopathy in newborns with mild to severe HIE. Methods EEG was collected in infants with HIE using four bipolar electrodes analyzed for the first three hours of the recording. Delta power (DP, 0.5 to 4 Hz) and total power (TP, 0.5 to 20 Hz) were compared between groups with different HIE severity using a univariate ordinal logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic curves. Results A total of 44 term-born infants with mild to severe HIE were identified within six hours of birth. The DP and TP values were significantly higher for the mild group than for the moderate group for all bipolar electrodes. A one-unit increase in DP was associated with significantly lower odds of encephalopathy. DP best distinguished mild from higher encephalopathy grades by area under the curve. Conclusions We conclude that DP and TP are sensitive real-time biomarkers for monitoring the dynamic evolution of the encephalopathy severity in the first day of life. The quantitative EEG power may lead to timely recognition of the worsening of the encephalopathy and guide future therapeutic interventions targeting mild HIE.
Social Autonomy among Married Men and Women

Numerous studies highlight the value of spouses spending quality time together. Although it is undoubtedly important to make sufficient time for each other, minimal research considers the degree to...
Analysis of erythromycin: III. Determination of erythromycin by ion-pair extraction with [35S]methyl orange

Abstract A sensitive procedure has been developed for analysis of solutions of the macrolide antibiotic, erythromycin. The method is based on ion-pair formation of the conjugate acid of the drug with an 35 S-labeled isostere of methyl orange, partitioning into chloroform and measurement by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Acceptable accuracy and precision are achieved with the devised technique for solutions of erythromycin in the concentration range of 1 to 10 μg/ml.
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence: Part 54. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of ruthenium(II) 4,4'-diphenyl-2,2'-bipyridine and ruthenium(II) 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline systems in aqueous and acetonitrile solutions

Abstract The electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of Ru(dp-bpy)2+3 (dp-bpy = 4,4'-diphenyl-2,2'-bipyridine) and RuCdp-phen)2+3 (dp-phen = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) in acetonitrile and aqueous solutions was studied. The diphenyl-substituted compounds produced a more intense emission than the nonsubstituted Ru(bpy)2+3in acetonitrile. The ECL efficiencies, oECL, of Ru(dp-bpy)2+3 and Rutdp-phen)2+3 were estimated as 14% and 24% respectively. Similar results were obtained in aqueous solutions.
A Survey of Embedding Theorems for Steiner Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on triple systems, block designs, and quadruple systems. The chapter provides a comprehensive survey of a large subset of the present day state of the art. Christine Treash's result that a partial triple system can always be embedded in a triple system is the genesis of the study of embedding theorems for block designs. Although Treash's Theorem has subsequently been improved upon with respect to the size of the containing triple system, the chapter presents Treash's original proof. There are two reasons for this: The first is the historical importance of the result, and the second is the motivation for the techniques used later by B. Ganter and R. W. Quackenbush to embed partial block designs with block sizes larger than 3.
Induction of DNA Polymerase α during Liver Regeneration in Rats on Controlled Feeding Schedules

The activity of 2 nonmitochondrial forms of DNA polymerase, designated DNA polymerases α and β, was investigated during liver regeneration in regimented rats. In accord with Barbiroli and Potter, we observed that regimentation of rats with respect to temperature, light and darkness, and availability of food resolves the DNA synthesis response to partial hepatectomy into 2 peaks, one occurring at a fixed time after operation and the other entrained by the environmental conditions. The peaks can be fused or separated depending on the timing of the operation. For this study, operation times were selected to given both patterns of DNA synthesis as measured by the uptake of radioactive thymidine into DNA. For both operation times, DNA polymerase activity in the nuclear extract correlated temporally and qualitatively with radioactive thymidine uptake into DNA. At the times of maximal DNA synthesis and polymerase activity, the DNA polymerase was purified from extracts of isolated nuclei. DNA polymerase α represented 70% and DNA polymerase β represented 30% of the recovered activity from the nuclear extract. This is in agreement with the previous observation in nonregimented rats that DNA polymerase α is the major activity in nuclei during liver regeneration. For both operation times, DNA polymerase activity in the postmicrosomal fraction was sedimentable and increased 3 to 4 times above the level observed with this same fraction from normal rat liver. This activity was shown to be due to DNA polymerase α only with this subcellular fraction. DNA polymerase α activity with this fraction peaked 4 to 6 hr after the time of maximal radioactive thymidine incorporation into DNA. DNA polymerase activity in the microsome fraction did not change significantly after partial hepatectomy. This activity has been shown to represent DNA polymerase β. Prior administration of cycloheximide and actinomycin abolished the rise in DNA polymerase α activity in the nucleus and postmicrosomal fraction. Hydroxyurea did not prevent the rise in DNA polymerase α activity with those subcellular fractions but did inhibit over 90% of the uptake of radioactive thymidine into DNA. These data suggest, but do not prove, that DNA polymerase α activity is induced in response to the stimulus(i) for liver regeneration.
"Spoiling the womb": definitions, aetiologies and responses to infertility in north west province, Cameroon.

Only one generation ago, the Cameroonian national population policy was pro-natalist, with great attention paid to the problem of sterility. Now, family planning is promoted nationwide to reduce population growth, and infertility is not addressed by public health policy or services. In contrast to the biomedical definition used by planners, at the local level infertility is defined as the inability to have a child when desired, and it has many causes including contraception, abortion and witchcraft. The young, less educated women especially are unlikely to use contraception as long as they feel susceptible to infertility, since their economic, social and psychological status hinge on their ability to have children. Drawing from epidemiological literature and qualitative data gathered in a market town in North West Province, I argue that a more balanced approach to reproductive health, one that recognises the importance of infertility, is critical for women\'s health and well-being. Resume “L\'Endommagement de l\'Uterus”: Definitions, Etiologies et Reponse a la Sterilite dans la Province du Nord-Ouest, Cameroun. Il y a seulement une generation de cela, la ploitique nationale camerounaise de la population etait pro-nataliste et mettait beaucoup d\'accent sur le probleme de la sterilite. A l\'heure actuelle, on promouvoit la planification familiale partout dans le pays afin de reduire la croissance demographique et la politique de la sante publique ainsi que les services publics ne s\'occupent pas de la sterilite. Contrairement a la definition biomedicale dont se servent les planificateurs au niveau local, on definit la sterilite comme l\'incapacite d\'avoir un enfant quand on le veut pour des raisons differentes y compris la contraception, l\'avortement et la sorcellerie. Les jeunes femmes, surtout celles qui ne sont pas bien instruites ont moins la possibilite de se servir de la contraception tant qu\'elles se sentent susceptibles a la sterilite puisque leur statut economique, social et psychologique depend de leur capacite d\'avoir des enfants. En me basant sur la litterature epidemiologique et sur les donnees qualitatives recueillies dans une ville commerciale dans la Province du Nord-Ouest, j\'avance l\'argument qu\'une approche plus equilibree de la sante reproductive, celle qui reconnait l\'importance de la sterilite, est cruciale pour la sante et le bien-etre de la femme. (Af. J. Of Reproductive Health: 2002 6(1): 84-95)