cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of commercial Li-ion batteries using electrochemical-calorimetric measurements

Abstract Commercial Li-ion cells of Type 18650 dimensions and prismatic designs from different manufacturers have been tested to evaluate their performance and to study their thermal behavior using electrochemical–calorimetric methods. All cells tested in this work showed good performance and cyclability under normal operating conditions. The measured heat effect for the cells were exothermic during discharge and partially endothermic during charge. Cell impedance was measured for selected cells and showed some dependence on the state of charge or depth of discharge, with significant increase at the end of discharge due to concentration polarization. The entropy coefficient (d E eq /d T ) for the A&T (18650) and Panasonic (CGR 18650) cells were measured using potentiometric methods at different depths of discharge (DOD). The measured values for both cells showed some dependence on the DOD with some perturbation near 4.0 V, where the measured d E eq /d T for Panasonic cell had an unexpected positive value. This was found to be consistent with the measured endothermic heat effect during discharge for the Panasonic cell near E eq =4.0 V. This may be related to a phase change in the LiCoO 2 cathode material, as reported in the literature, and to structural transformation in the graphite used as anode material, in the Panasonic cell.
Electromechanical Activation Sequence in Normal Heart

This article summarizes the recent experimental and theoretic data regarding the normal electromechanical activation sequence of the left ventricle (LV). First, the cardiac electrical sequence is presented with a brief insight into the wave front of electrical activation that develops from the organized transmural spread of action potentials. Second, the regional heterogeneity in electromechanical coupling and myofiber stretch-shortening kinematics are presented. Finally, the transmural shortening and lengthening sequences are linked with the myofiber architecture of the left ventricular wall to explain the global three-dimensional twisting deformation of the LV. Integrating the electrical and mechanical domains of myocardial function provides vital insights into the macroscopic physiologic behavior of a beating heart.
Roles of Nebulin Family Members in the Heart

The members of the nebulin protein family, including nebulin, nebulette, LASP-1, LASP-2, and N-RAP, contain various numbers of nebulin repeats and bind to actin, but are otherwise heterogeneous with regard to size, expression pattern, and function. This review focuses on the roles of nebulin family members in the heart. Nebulin is the largest member predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, where it stretches along the thin filament. In heart, nebulin is detectable only at low levels and its absence has no apparent effects. Nebulette is similar in structure to the nebulin C-terminal Z-line region and specifically expressed in heart. Nebulette gene mutations have been identified in dilated cardiomyopathy patients and transgenic mice overexpressing nebulette mutants partially recapitulate the human pathology. In contrast, nebulette knockout mice show no functional phenotype, but exhibit Z-line widening. LASP-2 is an isoform of nebulette expressed in multiple tissues, including the heart. It is present in the Z-line and intercalated disc and able to bind and cross-link filamentous actin. LASP-1 is similar in structure to LASP-2, but expressed only in non-muscle tissue. N-RAP is present in myofibril precursors during myofibrillogenesis and thought to be involved in myofibril assembly, while it is localized at the intercalated disc in adult heart. Additional in vivo models are required to provide further insights into the functions of nebulin family members in the heart.
Disruption of the CD4–major histocompatibility complex class II interaction blocks the development of CD4+ T cells in vivo

The experiments presented in this report were designed to specifically examine the role of CD4–major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II interactions during T cell development in vivo. We have generated transgenic mice expressing class II molecules that cannot interact with CD4 but that are otherwise competent to present peptides to the T cell receptor. MHC class II expression was reconstituted in Aβ gene knock-out mice by injection of a transgenic construct encoding either the wild-type I-Aβb protein or a construct encoding a mutation designed to specifically disrupt binding to the CD4 molecule. We demonstrate that the mutation, EA137 and VA142 in the β2 domain of I-Ab, is sufficient to disrupt CD4–MHC class II interactions in vivo. Furthermore, we show that this interaction is critical for the efficient selection of a complete repertoire of mature CD4+ T helper cells as evidenced by drastically reduced numbers of conventional CD4+ T cells in animals expressing the EA137/VA142 mutant I-Ab and by the failure to positively select the transgenic AND T cell receptor on the mutated I-Ab. These results underscore the importance of the CD4–class II interaction in the development of mature peripheral CD4+ T cells.
K-means competitive learning for non-stationary environments

A modified k-means competitive learning algorithm that can perform efficiently in situations where the input statistics are changing, such as in nonstationary environments, is presented. This modified algorithm is characterized by the membership indicator that attempts to balance the variations of all clusters and by the learning rate that is dynamically adjusted based on the estimated deviation of the current partition from an optimal one. Simulations comparing this new algorithm with other k-means competitive learning algorithms on stationary and nonstationary problems are presented. >
Genetic Analysis of Two Bile Salt Hydrolase Activities in Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM

Two genes, bshA and bshB, encoding bile salt hydrolase enzymes (EC 3.5.1.24) were identified in the genome sequence of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Targeted inactivation of these genes via chromosomal insertion of an integration vector demonstrated different substrate specificities for these two enzymes.
Variable Neural Direct Adaptive Robust Control of Uncertain Systems

Direct adaptive robust state and output feedback controllers are proposed for the output tracking control of a class of uncertain systems. The proposed controllers incorporate a variable structure radial basis function (RBF) network to approximate unknown system dynamics, where the RBF network can determine its structure online dynamically. Radial basis functions can be added or removed to ensure the desired tracking accuracy and to prevent the network redundancy simultaneously. The closed-loop systems driven by the direct adaptive robust controllers are characterized by the guaranteed transient and steady-state tracking performance. The performance of the proposed output feedback controller is illustrated with numerical simulations.
Geographical differences in cloud populations

Cumulus clouds have been studied by radar and special flight observations with particular reference to the temperatures at which rain is initiated. In the Caribbean area rain starts while the clouds have temperatures greater than +5°C at their tops, except over heated islands. These results are in sharp contrast with data from New Mexico indicating no rain even when the tops of the cumulus are at temperatures less than −10°C. In the humid areas of the Middle West both above-freezing and below-freezing temperatures characterize the levels of rain formation.
Use of Microsatellite Analysis in Detection of Tumor Lineage as a Cause of Death in a Liver Transplant Patient

Abstract Malignant tumors are a significant cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in allograft recipients. Most solid tumors in transplant recipients are assumed to arise de novo in the setting of chronic immunosuppressive therapy; however, there have been instances in which malignant tumors have been transplanted in donated tissue from apparently healthy donors. We report a case of a 49-year-old liver transplant patient who presented with metastatic melanoma 9 months after transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma and who later succumbed to the disease. To investigate the possibility that melanoma was derived from the donor liver, we used a commercially available polymerase chain reaction–based microsatellite marker assay to perform tissue identity testing. The genetic profiles of the patient's original hepatocellular carcinoma and the melanoma from the autopsy specimen were compared with the profile of the normal donor liver tissue, which was still available for testing. The pattern of microsate...
On the Nature of Antimicrobial Activity: A Model for Protegrin-1 Pores

We conducted over 150 ns of simulation of a protegrin-1 octamer pore in a lipid bilayer composed of palmitoyloleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) and palmitoyloleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) lipids mimicking the inner membrane of a bacterial cell. The simulations improve on a model of a pore proposed from recent NMR experiments and provide a coherent understanding of the molecular mechanism of antimicrobial activity. Although lipids tilt somewhat toward the peptides, the simulated protegrin-1 pore more closely follows the barrel-stave model than the toroidal-pore model. The movement of ions is investigated through the pore. The pore selectively allows negatively charged chloride ions to pass through at an average rate of one ion every two nanoseconds. Only two events are observed of sodium ions crossing through the pore. The potential of mean force is calculated for the water and both ion types. It is determined that the chloride ions move through the pore with ease, similarly to the water molecules with the exception of a zone of restricted movement midway through the pore. In bacteria, ions moving through the pore will compromise the integrity of the transmembrane potential. Without the transmembrane potential as a countermeasure, water will readily flow inside the higher osmolality cytoplasm. We determine that the diffusivity of water through a single PG-1 pore is sufficient to cause fast cell death by osmotic lysis.
Static checking of dynamically generated queries in database applications

Many data-intensive applications dynamically construct queries in response to client requests and execute them. Java servlets, e.g., can create string representations of SQL queries and then send the queries, using JDBC, to a database server for execution. The servlet programmer enjoys static checking via Java's strong type system. However, the Java type system does little to check for possible errors in the dynamically generated SQL query strings. Thus, a type error in a generated selection query (e.g., comparing a string attribute with an integer) can result in an SQL runtime exception. Currently, such defects must be rooted out through careful testing, or (worse) might be found by customers at runtime. In this paper, we present a sound, static, program analysis technique to verify the correctness of dynamically generated query strings. We describe our analysis technique and provide soundness results for our static analysis algorithm. We also describe the details of a prototype tool based on the algorithm and present several illustrative defects found in senior software-engineering student-team projects, online tutorial examples, and a real-world purchase order system written by one of the authors.
Classifying User Messages For Managing Web Forum Data.

Online discussion forums have become a popular medium for users to discuss with and seek information from other users having similar interests. A typical discussion thread consists of a sequence of posts posted by multiple users. All the posts in a thread are not equally useful and serve a different purpose providing different types of information (some posts contain questions, some answers, etc.). Identifying the purpose and nature of each post in a discussion thread is an interesting research problem as it can help in improving information extraction and intelligent assistance techniques [9]. We study the problem of classifying a given post as per its purpose in the discussion thread. We employ features based on the post’s content, structure of the thread, behavior of the participating users and sentiment analysis of post’s content. We achieve decent classification performance and also analyze the relative importance of different features used for the post classification task.
Should Children be Asked to be Bone Marrow Donors for Siblings

A patient- and family-centered approach can illuminate possible risks and benefits of bone marrow donation to child donors and sibling recipients.
Factors Predicting the Intent to Engage in Arguments in Close Relationships: A Revised Model

This manuscript examines argument engagement in close relationships (friendships and romantic relationships). Two pilot studies were conducted to identify what factors naive actors report matter to them when considering whether to engage in an interpersonal argument, and to develop and pre-test measurement scales for these factors. The main study examined which of these factors predicted participants’ behavioral intent to engage in an argument about different topics (personal or public) and with different partners (friend or romantic partner). Results indicated intent to engage was predicted by five factors: one’s orientation to the topic, one’s preparedness for an argument, the costs of arguing, the effort involved in arguing, and one’s right to speak one’s mind. Several of these factors are new contributions to argument engagement research. A discussion of these results and their implications are presented.
Abstract 1505: Stroma-mediated DNA damage resistance of human breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Chemotherapy and radiation are often employed to decrease breast cancer deaths. However, patients with metastatic disease invariably manifest resistance to chemotherapy and/or radiation, ultimately causing breast cancer deaths due to ineffective treatment. We have defined a gene expression signature, the interferon-related DNA damage resistance signature (IRDS), that is highly associated with radiation and chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer in both cell lines and patients. Interestingly, IRDS-mediated resistance in experimental models appears to be much greater in vivo than in vitro, suggesting a potential contribution of the tumor microenvironment. To address the question of whether the tumor microenvironment plays a role in IRDS-mediated radioresistance, we investigated the influence of heterotypic interactions between breast cancer and stromal cells on IRDS expression. We found that breast cancer cell lines primarily of the basal subtype increase IRDS expression after tumor-stroma interaction, resulting in enhanced resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. This increase in IRDS and DNA damage resistance depends on STAT1, a member and transcriptional regulator of the IRDS. Tumor-stroma interaction also leads to induction of a population of breast cancer cells with properties of breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSC). Evaluation of a tumor-stroma extracellular interactome revealed that a stroma-directed NOTCH signaling pathway can cooperate with STAT1 signaling to regulate common target genes. STAT1 and NOTCH signaling direct the expansion and/or survival of BCSC, an inherently DNA damage resistant population. Using available primary breast cancer data sets, a similar activation of NOTCH signaling is observed, as well as transcriptomic activation of the NOTCH pathway in breast cancer. Importantly, a marker for NOTCH signaling cooperates with the IRDS to identify breast cancer patients likely to fail adjuvant chemotherapy. The ability of gamma secretase inhibitors to inhibit both stroma-mediated expansion of BCSC and DNA damage resistance highlights the therapeutic potential of this class of targeted agents for breast cancers that express the IRDS. In conclusion, our data suggests that stroma can regulate DNA damage resistant BCSC populations in a subset of basal breast cancers through STAT1 and NOTCH signaling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1505. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1505
The Numerical Simulation of Infinitely Permeable Dam Foundation

Most of the reservoir dams in China are made of earth and rock.There is no mature and perfect control calculation theory for infinite deep pervious foundation in the existing dam foundation seepage control theory.The research on seepage control of infinite permeable foundation or thick covering layer foundation,has a great theoretical and practical significance in building dam on these foundation.In this paper,a mathematical model of dam foundation seepage flow was established under more ideal conditions,the dam foundation seepage for infinite deep pervious foundation was simulated by the finite difference theory and software Visual MODFLOW,and seepage control effect was analyzed in different vertical seepage control programs.The calculation method is both discreet in theory and feasible in practice,which fully demonstrated the water-proof effect of impervious curtain,and provides a useful reference for the dam foundation seepage numerical simulation.
Study on Jiangusheng Pills in the Treatment of Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head in Rats

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Jiangusheng Pills (JGSP) in treating avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFD) in rats. Methods: The osteoporosis model was made by male unsex rats and ANFD model was made by bipedal rats. The following indexes were observed: bone mineral density (BMD), bone metrology, fatty deposition in femoral head, blood capillary distrubution and other related biochemical indicators. Results:JGSP could significantly increase the model rats' BMD, trabecula bone volume (TBV), trabecula bone width (TBW) and cortical bone volume (CBV). It could also remarkably elevate bone mineralization apposition rate (MAR) and mean osteoid seam width (MOSW), decrease fatty deposition and enrich blood capillary distribution in femoral head. The level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) after the treatment was increased while tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) decreased. Conclusion:JGSP can improve bone development, increase BMD, restore blood flow, inhibit the genesis and development of necrosis and promote recovery without any side effect.
Combined endoscopic trephination and endoscopic frontal sinusotomy for management of complex frontal sinus pathology.

BackgroundThe advances in endoscopic sinus surgery have revolutionized the management of frontal sinus disease. Despite the successes, the purely endoscopic approach has its limitations, especially...
China’s Investment and GDP Growth Boom: When and How will it End?

East and Southeast Asia, with nearly a third of the world’s population, has over the past half-century become the most rapidly growing region in the world. With the exception of the Philippines and Myanmar, all of the economies in the region have experienced at least one decade — and often several decades — of per capita GDP growth rates of 5 per cent a year and more. No other major part of the developing world has experienced anything comparable — whether it is South Asia (despite the recent high growth of India) or Sub-Saharan Africa, or most of Latin America. China’s high growth of the past three plus decades is extraordinary in the broader developing country context but is not unique in the East Asian context. Other economies, notably the Republic of Korea (1963–97) and Taiwan (1961–97), have grown somewhat longer at rates of 5 per cent per capita or more a year. Korea and Taiwan did not grow as rapidly as China during their high growth period, but Japan grew just as rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s although only for two not three plus decades (Table 2.1 and Figure 2.1). China’s experience is unique, however, in one respect in that it grew at a very fast 9 per cent rate for a long period starting from a lower per capita income than the other fast developers (Figure 2.2).
Claudin-3 and claudin-19 partially restore native phenotype to ARPE-19 cells via effects on tight junctions and gene expression.

Mutations of claudin-19 cause severe ocular deficits that are not easily reconciled with its role in regulating the outer blood retinal barrier. ARPE-19 is a widely used culture model of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). ARPE-19 is unique among epithelial cell lines, because it expresses all tight junction proteins except claudin family members. ARPE-19 also loses aspects of the RPE phenotype with cell passage. This study asks whether exogenous expression of the main RPE claudins, claudin-3 and claudin-19, would restore RPE phenotype, and whether these claudins have distinct roles in RPE. An Ussing chamber was used to measure the transepithelial electrical resistance and transepithelial electrical potential. These measurements were used to estimate the permeability co-efficients of ions. The transepithelial diffusion of polyethylene glycols were used to examine the leak pathway of tight junctions. Wound-healing, quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting examined diverse aspects of the RPE phenotype. Over-expression of either claudin decreased the permeability of small ions and polyethylene glycol. Both claudins were slightly cation-specific, but claudin-3 was less permeable to large solutes. Claudin expression widely affected gene expression to partially restore RPE phenotype. Claudins redistributed filamentous actin from stress fibers to circumferential bands associated with tight junctions, and made wound-healing more epithelial-like. Both claudins increased the expression of genes related to RPE core functions and increased steady-state levels of phosphorylated-AKT. In conclusion, claudin-3 and claudin-19 formed general permeability barriers and affected cell morphology, proliferation, migration, AKT signaling, and gene expression. When claudins are exogenously expressed, ARPE-19 more closely model native RPE.
Method for correction of measured polarization angles from motional Stark effect spectroscopy for the effects of electric fields

An approximate method to correct the motional Stark effect (MSE) spectroscopy for the effects of intrinsic plasma electric fields has been developed. The motivation for using an approximate method is to incorporate electric field effects for between-pulse or real-time analysis of the current density or safety factor profile. The toroidal velocity term in the momentum balance equation is normally the dominant contribution to the electric field orthogonal to the flux surface over most of the plasma. When this approximation is valid, the correction to the MSE data can be included in a form like that used when electric field effects are neglected. This allows measurements of the toroidal velocity to be integrated into the interpretation of the MSE polarization angles without changing how the data is treated in existing codes. In some cases, such as the DIII-D system, the correction is especially simple, due to the details of the neutral beam and MSE viewing geometry. The correction method is compared using DIII-D data in a variety of plasma conditions to analysis that assumes no radial electric field is present and to analysis that uses the standard correction method, which involves significant human intervention for profile fitting. The comparison shows thatmore » the new correction method is close to the standard one, and in all cases appears to offer a better result than use of the uncorrected data. Lastly, the method has been integrated into the standard DIII-D equilibrium reconstruction code in use for analysis between plasma pulses and is sufficiently fast that it will be implemented in real-time equilibrium analysis for control applications.« less
Evaluation of EP300 expression and mutations in pancreatic cancer

C281 The putative tumor suppressor gene EP300 encodes a histone acetyltransferase that acts as a transcriptional co-activator via chromatin remodeling and is important in the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. A role for EP300 as a tumor suppressor in cancer has been suggested by the fact that it is targeted by viral oncogenes, and inactivating mutations have been observed in several epithelial malignancies. However, direct demonstration of the role of EP300 in tumorigenesis by inactivating mutations in pancreatic cancer has not been thoroughly investigated. To obtain a better understanding of EP300’s role in pancreatic cancer, expression of the gene was evaluated at the mRNA and protein level, using real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively, in a large panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Prevalence of mutations in the EP300 genomic sequence in pancreatic cancer cell lines and in a set of low passage tumor xenografts was surveyed by sequencing several exons previously found to harbor inactivating mutations in other cancer types. It was found that mRNA levels of EP300 were relatively similar among the cell lines. However, a wide range of protein expression was observed. No anomalies were observed in the exons tested by sequence analysis in 21 pancreatic cancer cell lines except a previously reported deletion in PaTu8988T. Sequence analysis of 19 xenografts revealed point mutations, but no insertions or deletions that would result in a predicted truncated protein. These data suggest that truncating mutations in pancreatic cancer are probably rare, and that regulation of translation or degradation of EP300 might play a more important role in pancreatic cancer than inactivating mutations. (This work was supported by a NCI grant P01CA109552)
Technology-Assisted Parent Training Programs for Children and Adolescents With Disruptive Behaviors: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE To systematically review digitally assisted parent training programs (DPTs) targeting the treatment of children and adolescents with disruptive behaviors. DATA SOURCES A search was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases for peer-reviewed studies published between January 1, 2000, and March 1, 2016. Reference lists of included and review articles were searched manually for additional references. STUDY SELECTION Broad search terms in varying combinations for parent, training, technologies, and disruptive behavior problems were used. We included English-language articles reporting on the effectiveness of DPTs targeting child or adolescent disruptive behaviors (eg, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder). DPTs designed to use digital media or software programs not to be primarily used within a therapy setting (eg, group, face-to-face) were included. DATA EXTRACTION Study design, recruitment and sample characteristics, theoretical background, digital program features, user's engagement, and measures of child behavior were extracted. RESULTS Fourteen intervention studies (n = 2,427, 58% male, 1,500 in DPT conditions, 12 randomized trials) examining 10 programs met inclusion criteria. Interventions included self-directed noninteractive (eg, podcasts; 3 studies) and interactive (eg, online software; 4 studies) DPTs, remotely administered DPTs combined with professional phone-based coaching (2 studies), and a smartphone enhancement of standard treatment. Interventions were delivered over a mean ± SD period of 8.7 ± 4.2 weeks, most (11/14; 78.6%) were remotely administered, and all recruitment procedures included an outreach for parents outside of mental health-care settings. For programs with > 5 sessions, the mean ± SD completion rate of available sessions was 68.6% ± 13.1%. In comparison to no treatment control, self-directed programs yielded significant improvements in child behavior for children (age < 9 years, Cohen d = 0.47-0.80, 4 studies) and adolescents (d = 0.17, 0.20, 2 studies). Overall, reduced professional support combined with DPT was not inferior to full-contact conditions and showed small improvement in comparison to usual care (d = 0.34). Preliminary indicators also suggested that technology enhancements may increase engagement and outcomes of standard treatment. CONCLUSIONS The current review indicates the efficacy of DPT across a range of therapy formats applied in real-world settings demonstrating the potential for increased accessibility of evidence-based treatment for youth with disruptive behaviors. Additional studies are needed to extend these findings and to determine moderating effects of different designs.
The rise of phenology with climate change: an evaluation of IJB publications

In recent decades, phenology has become an important tool by which to measure both the impact of climate change on ecosystems and the feedback of ecosystems to the climate system. However, there has been little attempt to date to systematically quantify the increase in the number of scientific publications with a focus on phenology and climate change. In order to partially address this issue, we examined the number of articles (original papers, reviews and short communications) containing the terms 'phenology' and 'climate change' in the title, abstract or keywords, published in the International Journal of Biometeorology in the 60 years since its inception in 1957. We manually inspected all issues prior to 1987 for the search terms and subsequently used the search facility on the Web of Science online database. The overall number of articles published per decade remained relatively constant (255-378) but rose rapidly to 1053 in the most recent decade (2007-2016), accompanied by an increase (41-172) in the number of articles containing the search terms. A number of factors may have contributed to this rise, including the recognition of the value of phenology as an indicator of climate change and the initiation in 2010 of a series of conferences focusing on phenology which subsequently led to two special issues of the journal. The word 'phenology' was in use from the first issue, whereas 'climate change' only emerged in 1987 and peaked in 2014. New technologies such as satellite remote sensing and the internet led to an expansion of and greater access to a growing reservoir of phenological information. The application of phenological data included determining the impact of warming of phenophases, predicting wine quality and the pollen season, demonstrating the potential for mismatch to occur and both reconstructing and forecasting climate. Even though this analysis was limited to one journal, it is likely to be indicative of a similar trend across other scientific publications.
Inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3’-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway selectively enhances paclitaxel-induced apoptosis by modulating AKT and BAD phosphorylation in ovarian cancer cells

3851 Phosphatidylinositol 3’-kinase (PI3K) plays a key role in a wide array of biological and pathophysiological processes, particularly in carcinogenesis. About 40% of ovarian cancers possess aberrant PI3K or AKT function. Thus, ovarian cancers may be appropriate targets for therapy with inhibitors of the PI3K pathway. We have previously demonstrated that the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 significantly decreased OVCAR-3 cell growth in vitro and in vivo . Paclitaxel is an increasingly important agent for treating ovarian cancer. Alteration of the PI3K pathway could modulate sensitivity to several drugs including paclitaxel. Inhibition of PI3K enhanced paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in OVCAR-3 cells in vitro and in vivo . We have now treated a greater number of ovarian cancer cell lines with a PI3K inhibitor and paclitaxel and found substantial heterogeneity in sensitivity to this combination. In some ovarian cancer cell lines, such as MDA-2774 and ES-2, the LY294002 strikingly potentiated paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Conversely, the PI3K inhibitor did not increase paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in some ovarian cancer cell lines such as SKOv3 and OVCA433. In ovarian cancer cell lines that are sensitive to the combination, treatment with LY294002 and paclitaxel synergistically suppressed the serine and threonine phosphorylation of AKT and BAD. Phosphorylation of AKT and BAD is known to regulate the function of AKT and BAD in apoptosis. On the other hand, the phosphorylation of AKT and BAD was not synergistically inhibited by LY294002 and paclitaxel combination in ovarian cancer cell lines that are insensitive to the combination. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition of PI3K signaling pathway selectively enhances paclitaxel-induced apoptosis by modulating AKT and BAD phosphorylation in ovarian cancer cell lines. (This work was supported by a grant 80094241 from Goodwin Foundation and in part by agent CA-39930 from the National Institute of Health).
Research on input conducted emission for rectifier with high efficiency and high power density

For the input Conducted Emission in the rectifier with high efficiency and high power density, some common measures are very limited and cannot be used. In this, adopt some new measures and make the input Conducted Emission pass the test standard, all of the measures carried out are analyzed in detail.
Risk Factors and Biomarkers of RA-ILD

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most common clinical manifestations of lung involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is often progressive and leads to substantial morbidity and mortality, highlighting the need for improved recognition of disease, including identification of targets for disease prevention and clinical tools that classify early stages of disease. Recent research has identified risk factors for both early-stage and clinically evident RA-ILD, including those significantly associated with disease progression and mortality. Furthermore, recent advances in experimental protein biomarkers of RA-ILD and their incorporation into clinical predictive models may lead to earlier identification of disease and provide opportunities for timely interventions to prevent disease progression. Although the research exploring molecular and genetic markers of RA-ILD is limited, the overlap of RA-ILD with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other connective tissue disease-ILD, such as systemic sclerosis, enables extrapolation from ongoing research in these areas, thus highlighting other potential targets for discovery and opportunities for a personalized approach to RA-ILD risk assessment and management.
The Socioeconomic Disparities in Intakes and Purchases of Less-Healthy Foods and Beverages Have Changed over Time in Urban Mexico.

Background To our knowledge, the association between diet and socioeconomic status (SES), using both purchase and intake data, in the Mexican population has not been examined, which is particularly important given the high prevalence of diet-related diseases in Mexico. Objective Our objective was to examine the SES-diet relation using household food purchases and individual food intake data. Methods We analyzed purchases of packaged food and beverages of 5240 households with the use of the 2012-2014 Nielsen Mexico Consumer Panel Service Dataset, representative of urban areas. Likewise, we examined 9672 individuals over 2 y with food and beverage intake information collected using a single 24-h recall as part of the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012. Multivariate linear regression models were conducted to predict per capita daily purchases and intakes of food and beverages classified as healthy and less healthy by SES, and adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Results Per capita daily purchases of healthy and less-healthy foods were, on average, 142% and 55% higher in high- than in low-SES households, respectively, from 2012 to 2014 (P < 0.05). Intakes of healthy and less-healthy foods in urban areas were, on average, 7% and 136% higher in high- than in low-SES groups (P < 0.05). Per capita daily purchases of healthy beverages were, on average, 56% higher in high- than in low-SES households from 2012 to 2014 (P < 0.05), whereas purchases of less-healthy beverages were 27% and 17% higher in low- than in high-SES households in 2012 and 2014, respectively (P < 0.05). Per capita daily intake of healthy beverages was 33% higher in high- than in low-SES groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Higher-SES groups from urban areas had greater purchases and intakes of less-healthy foods and healthy beverages. Lower-SES households had greater purchases of less-healthy beverages, but also had the largest reduction in these purchases from 2012 to 2014, which could be associated with the beverage tax implemented in Mexico in 2014.
Heurística Probabilística Adaptativa para redução do Consumo Elétrico em Redes Ópticas WDM

Neste trabalho, propomos uma heuristica para otimizacao de redes opticas WDM. O objetivo da heuristica desenvolvida e encontrar uma configuracao de equipamentos da rede, usando transceptores com 10Gbs, 40Gbs e 100Gbs, para minimizar seu consumo de energia.
Models of The Direct Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Light Alkanes

Application of homogeneous kinetic models to methane activation indicates that the higher hydrocarbon yield may be limited by homogeneous oxidation of methyl radical intermediates. In this paper, we discuss the development of a model that describes the homogeneous and heterogeneous chemistry involved in the selective oxidation of methane and light alkanes and the impact of this chemistry on alkene and higher alkane yields. We also present experimental results for methane activation and ethane dehydrogenation using stable non-volatile catalysts composed of alkaline and rare earth carbonates supported by refractory complex oxides.
Palliative Treatment of Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal cancer is increasing in incidence, and is associated with a poor prognosis with 5-year survival rates of 15–20%. Many patients present with advanced disease, in which curative treatment is not possible. In this setting, focus on comfort and quality of life assumes greater importance. Issues such as dysphagia, malnutrition, bleeding, and esophago-respiratory fistulas can be encountered in patients with advanced cancer. Endoscopic palliation is a powerful tool for many of these issues, however in the setting of palliation care should be taken to minimize interventions and maximize comfort. Chemoradiation is an alternative to endoscopic stenting for palliation of malignant dysphagia. Nutrition support and fistula management can dramatically improve quality of life while minimizing infectious complications and hospitalizations. The use of a multidisciplinary team can help patients and families better understand their options while making informed, evidence-based decisions wherever possible.
Rossby Waves with Continuous Stratification and Bottom Friction

AbstractPublished observations of subinertial ocean current variability show that the vertical structure is often well described by a vertical mode that has a node of horizontal velocity at the bot...
The Emergency Department as an Opportunity for Naloxone Distribution.

Author(s): Gunn, Alexander H.; Smothers, Zachary P.W.; Schramm-Sapyta, Nicole; Freiermuth, Caroline E.; MacEachern, Mark; Muzyk, Andrew J. | Abstract: Introduction: Substance use disorders, including opioid use disorders, are a major public health concern in the United States. Between 2005 and 2014, the rate of opioid-related emergency department (ED) visits nearly doubled, from 89.1 per 100,000 persons in 2005 to 177.7 per 100,000 persons in 2014. Thus, the ED presents a distinctive opportunity for harm-reduction strategies such as distribution of naloxone to patients who are at risk for an opioid overdose. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of all existing literature related to naloxone distribution from the ED. We included only those articles published in peer-reviewed journals that described results relating to naloxone distribution from the ED. Results: Of the 2,286 articles we identified from the search, five met the inclusion criteria and had direct relevance to naloxone distribution from the ED setting. Across the studies, we found variation in the methods of implementation and evaluation of take-home naloxone programs in the ED. In the three studies that attempted patient follow-up, success was low, limiting the evidence for the programs’ effectiveness. Overall, in the included studies there is evidence that distributing take-home naloxone from the ED has the potential for harm reduction; however, the uptake of the practice remained low. Barriers to implementation included time allocated for training hospital staff and the burden on workflow. Conclusion: This systematic review of the best evidence available supports the ED as a potential setting for naloxone distribution for overdose reversal in the community. The variability of the implementation methods across the studies highlights the need for future research to determine the most effective practices.
Home-based video visits for pediatric patients with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes

IntroductionManagement of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is labor-intensive, requiring multiple daily blood glucose measurements and insulin injections. Patients are seen quarterly by providers, but evidenc...
Supporting the Teaching of Infrared Spectroscopy Concepts Using a Physical Model

A physical model has been designed to help students visualize concepts involved when solving infrared spectra. The physical model uses balls and springs to incorporate the harmonic oscillator model and Hooke’s law to study dynamic vibrations within diatomic molecules. Various concepts are addressed with the model to abstract principles about how bonds interact with infrared light as well as how reduced mass, bond order, electronegativity, bond dipole, and bond polarity influence peak position and peak intensity in a spectrum. The model has a corresponding activity developed to maximize applicable heuristics and deter the need for memorization based on functional groups or surface features. The model has been thoroughly tested in organic chemistry laboratories where students have successfully used the concepts to justify peak position and explain peak intensity in infrared spectra.
Features of synchronous versus metachronous metastasectomy in adrenal cortical carcinoma: Analysis from the US adrenocortical carcinoma database

Abstract Background Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare, aggressive cancer. We compared features of patients who underwent synchronous versus metachronous metastasectomy. Methods Adult patients who underwent resection for metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma from 1993 to 2014 at 13 institutions of the US adrenocortical carcinoma group were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were categorized as synchronous if they underwent metastasectomy at the index adrenalectomy or metachronous if they underwent resection after recurrence of the disease. Factors associated with overall survival were assessed by univariate analysis. Results In the study, 84 patients with adrenocortical carcinoma underwent metastasectomy; 26 (31%) were synchronous and 58 (69%) were metachronous. Demographics were similar between groups. The synchronous group had more T4 tumors at the index resection (42 vs 3%, P 001). The metachronous group had prolonged median survival after the index resection (86.3 vs 17.3 months, P 001) and metastasectomy (36.9 vs 17.3 months, P = .007). Synchronous patients with R0 resections had improved survival compared to patients with R1/2 resections ( P = .008). Margin status at metachronous metastasectomy was not associated with survival ( P = . 452). Conclusion Select patients with metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma may benefit from metastasectomy. Patients with metachronous metastasectomy have a more durable survival benefit than those undergoing synchronous metastasectomy. This study highlights need for future studies examining differences in tumor biology that could explain outcome disparities in these distinct patient populations.
Transformation of academic teaching and research: Development of a highly automated experimental sucker rod pumping unit

Abstract Sucker rod pumps are one of the most popular solutions for artificial lift since their inception in the 19th century with minimum changes in design. Presently, companies are deploying digital technology in the field and, there has been a big push for a networked oilfield in recent years. This means technology is now able to control machines in remote places, evaluate their performances and control safety operating parameters. But these digital solutions are still not available in universities, causing a technological and technical gap for students and researchers. This study presents a prototype of a new dedicated Interactive Digital Sucker Rod Pumping Unit (ID-SRP) system at the University of Oklahoma with representative operating conditions. The prototype mimics sucker rod pump working principles and also imitates different realistic rod string motions. The application and solutions are focused on providing authentic learning experiences for petroleum engineers. The system is also designed to address and optimize SRP well performance and safety through Model Predictive Controller (MPC) implementation and meeting industrial requirements. It connects the physical and virtual interaction with learning technologies. The objective is to bridge the tangible and the abstract for a better understanding of sucker rod concept and implement existing theories into the digital system. Additionally, it aids our future petroleum engineers on how to apply basic industry principles and upsurge their problem-solving skills. The developed unit is capable of simulating any situations in real time and using Internet of Things (IoT) for data acquisition to create tailored diagnostic tools that students and laboratory staff can utilize. The software selected for the system is LabVIEW, which controls all the necessary equipment. This system can build personalized dynocard graphs, intake live data and export them to other programs live Excel, MATLAB, Python or any other programming languages.
Sharp: The Women Who Made an Art of Having an Opinion, by Michelle Dean: Grove P, 2018

What would Mary McCarthy have made of the demand today for Tweet-sized portions, whether in food or in ideas? As part of its survey of life from 2000 to 2010, the New York Times of December 17, 201...
Targeting Intracellular Pathogenic Bacteria Through N-Terminal Modification of Cationic Amphiphilic Polyproline Helices

Intracellular pathogens can thrive within mammalian cells and are inaccessible to many antimicrobial agents. Herein, we present a facile method of enhancing the cell penetrating and antibacterial properties of cationic amphiphilic polyproline helices (CAPHs) with modifications to the hydrophobic moiety at the N-terminus. These altered CAPHs display superior cell penetration within macrophage cells, and in some cases, minimal cytotoxicity. Furthermore, one CAPH, Pentyl-P14 exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against multiple strains of pathogenic bacteria and promoted the clearance of intracellular Shigella within macrophages.
Platelet integrin activation surfs the calcium waves.

Glycoprotein (GP) IIbIIIa is the most abundant integrin on the platelet surface and plays a crucial role in hemostasis. With over 80,000 copies on the platelet surface, together with an additional ...