cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional Measures for Fall Risk in the Acute Care Setting: A Review:

This review explores the evidence pertaining to the use of functional ability measures for fall risk in the acute care setting. We included studies from six bibliographic databases that investigated fall risk functional ability measures in hospitalized older adults (≥55 years). We utilized the following search terms: acute care, subacute care, critical care, inpatient, fall, and fall prevention. Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Timed "Up and Go" (TUG) was identified as a feasible fall risk functional ability measure for clinicians; it demonstrated clinical performance of fair sensitivity (56%-68%) and good specificity (74%-80%). Clinical performance of other measures (Berg Balance Scale and Functional Reach test) was not as favorable as the TUG. Functional ability measures are underutilized in the acute care setting, potentially due to limited knowledge and training on administration. Combining functional measures with subjective screening tools may optimize performance and accuracy of identifying fall risk identification.
Impact of Hyperuricemia on Long-term Outcomes of Kidney Transplantation: Analysis of the FAVORIT Study.

Background Elevated uric acid concentration is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in the general population. It is not known whether hyperuricemia increases the risk for CV death or transplant failure in kidney transplant recipients. Study Design Post hoc cohort analysis of the FAVORIT Study, a randomized controlled trial that examined the effect of homocysteine-lowering vitamins on CV disease in kidney transplantation. Setting & Participants Adult recipients of kidney transplants in the United States, Canada, or Brazil participating in the FAVORIT Study, with hyperhomocysteinemia, stable kidney function, and no known history of CV disease. Predictor Uric acid concentration. Outcomes The primary end point was a composite of CV events. Secondary end points were all-cause mortality and transplant failure. Risk factors included in statistical models were age, sex, race, country, treatment assignment, smoking history, body mass index, presence of diabetes mellitus, history of CV disease, blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), donor type, transplant vintage, lipid concentrations, albumin-creatinine ratio, and uric acid concentration. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to examine the association of uric acid concentration with study end points after risk adjustment. Results 3,512 of 4,110 FAVORIT participants with baseline uric acid concentrations were studied. Median follow-up was 3.9 (IQR, 3.0-5.3) years. 503 patients had a primary CV event, 401 died, and 287 had transplant failure. In unadjusted analyses, uric acid concentration was significantly related to each outcome. Uric acid concentration was also strongly associated with eGFR. The relationship between uric acid concentration and study end points was no longer significant in fully adjusted multivariable models ( P =0.5 for CV events; P =0.09 for death, and P =0.1 for transplant failure). Limitations Unknown use of uric acid–lowering agents among study participants. Conclusions Following kidney transplantation, uric acid concentrations are not independently associated with CV events, mortality, or transplant failure. The strong association between uric acid concentrations with traditional risk factors and eGFR is a possible explanation.
Universal insurance and an equal access healthcare system eliminate disparities for Black patients after traumatic injury

Abstract Background Although inequities in trauma care are reported widely, some groups have theorized that universal health insurance would decrease disparities in care for disadvantaged minorities after a traumatic injury. We sought to examine the presence of racial disparities in outcomes and healthcare utilization at 30- and 90-days after discharge in this universally insured, racially diverse, American population treated for traumatic injuries. Methods This work studied adult beneficiaries of TRICARE treated at both military and civilian trauma centers 2006–2014. We included patients with an inpatient trauma encounter based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9) code. The mechanism and severity of injury, medical comorbidities, region and environment of care, and demographic factors were used as covariates. Race was considered the main predictor variable with Black patients compared to Whites. Logistic regression models were employed to assess for risk-adjusted differences in 30- and 90-day outcomes between Blacks and Whites. Results A total of 87,112 patients met the inclusion criteria. Traditionally encountered disparities for Black patients after trauma, including increased rates of mortality, were absent. We found a statistically significant decrease in the odds of 90-day complications for Blacks (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.84–0.98; P = 0.01). Blacks also had lesser odds of readmission at 30-days (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.79–0.94; P = 0.002) and 90-days (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.79–0.93; P Conclusion Our findings support the idea that in a universally insured, equal access system, historic disparities for racial and ethnic minorities, including increased postinjury morbidity, hospital readmission, and postdischarge healthcare utilization, are decreased or even eliminated.
Studies of single neuron cell growth on nanoporous surface and under transcranial magnetic stimulation

This paper reports the behaviors of neuron cell N27 growth on nanostructured surface and under transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at single cell level for the first time. First, the growth of neuron cell N27 on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanoporous surface has been studied. It has been found the cells show much preference to grow on the nanostructured surface over the flat coverslip glass surface. Second, the sizes of cells grown on AAO nanoporous surface with TMS and without TMS have been studied. It has been found the sizes of cells with TMS are statistically smaller than those without TMS in the same period of time, indicating the TMS might speed up the cell division. To verify this observation, the growth of single N27 cells inside SU8 microholders with and without TMS has been investigated. It has been found that up to 17% more daughter cells can be divided when the cells are subjected to TMS compared to those without TMS. All these results suggest the TMS can contribute to the growth of N27 cells, benefiting the neuron regeneration.
PHENIX Measurements of Heavy Flavor in Small Systems

The study of heavy flavor production in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions is a sensitive probe of the hot and dense matter created in such collisions.Installation of silicon vertex detectors in the PHENIX experiment, and increased performance of the BNL RHIC collider allowed collection of large amount of data on heavy flavor production in small colliding systems.In this talk we will present recent PHENIX results on open heavy flavor and quarkonia production in p+p, p+A, d+A, and He3+A colliding systems in a broad rapidity range, and discuss how these measurements help us to better understand all stages of nuclear collisions at high energy.
Publisher Correction: Western US volcanism due to intruding oceanic mantle driven by ancient Farallon slabs

In the version of this Article originally published, data points representing mafic eruptions were missing from Fig. 4b, the corrected version is shown below. Furthermore, the authors omitted to include the following acknowledgements to the provider of the computational resources: “This research is part of the Blue Waters sustained-petascale computing project, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (awards OCI-0725070 and ACI-1238993) and the state of Illinois. Blue Waters is a joint effort of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and its National Center for Supercomputing Applications. This work is also part of the ‘PRAC Title 4-D Geodynamic Modeling With Data Assimilation: Origin Of Intra-Plate Volcanism In The Pacific Northwest’ PRAC allocation support by the National Science Foundation (award number ACI 1516586). This work also used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1548562.” Figure 4 and the Acknowledgements section have been updated in the online version of the Article.
The Strain Energy Release Rate of a Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyester Composite

A superconductive energy storage magnet requires a large quantity of low-thermal-conductive, high-load-carrying supporting structures to carry the radial and axial compressive loads from the 1.8 K magnet coils to room temperature bedrock.1–3 Engineering data is needed on low cost commercial composites for struts to be used in the superconductive energy storage magnet designs at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The main properties are compressive strengths, delamination strengths, shear properties and compressive fatigue properties at cryogenic temperatures and room temperatures.4–7
The Rich Legacy of Covin and Slevin (1989) and Lumpkin and Dess (1996): A Constructive Critical Analysis of Their Deep Impact on Entrepreneurial Orientation Research

We examine the legacy of two award-winning seminal papers—Covin and Slevin (Strategic Management Journal, 10(1): 75–87, 1989) and Lumpkin and Dess (Academy of Management Review, 21(1): 135–172, 1996)—that played a significant role in introducing and shaping research on entrepreneurial orientation (EO). We start by summarizing the two papers and analyzing their impact on the field. We then conduct a constructive critical assessment of current EO research by discussing three prevailing myths in the literature and discuss how revisiting the two seminal papers can help correct these myths relating to the theoretical exposition and measurement of EO. Our goal is to delve into the profound impact of the two seminal articles and identify gaps in current EO literature to offer directions for future research.
Collaborative learning: teaching ethical theory in a computerized, case study format

A perennial issue in academia is how best to enable students to learn and retain course material. This challenge is especially acute with large classes which stretch instructional resources—an increasingly common situation. The authors developed and implemented a method which utilizes collaborative writing as an integral learning component of Georgia Tech’s Ethical Theory course. An elaborate collaborative model for learning ethical theories by using them is incorporated into a computing tool called CALVIN. This computing system serves as a ‘virtual’ learning laboratory for the students outside the classroom.
Fluorine-18 labeled PSMA-targeted phosphoramidate inhibitors as potential PET imaging agents for prostate cancer

441 Objectives Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a transmembrane protein commonly found on the tumor cell surface of late-stage, androgen-independent and metastatic prostate cancer, is an ideal biomarker for staging and targeted therapy. Previously reported FB-LW-54 (IC50 = 14 nM) is an 18F labelled irreversible phosphoramidate PSMA inhibitor, which demonstrated promising in vivo results in LNCaP tumor bearing mice [1]. Three more stable phosphoramidate-based PSMA inhibitor analogues with similar binding affinity as FB-LW-54 (TG97, AH-TG97 and AH2-TG97) were synthesized for radiolabeling with 18F-flourobenzamide (18FB) for PET imaging applications. Methods Succinimidyl [18F]fluorobenzoate (SFB) prosthetic group was prepared successfully either manually in lab or the Neptis box. SFB conjugation to the three analogues was carried out at pH 9.5, 37 °C for 10 min, purified by reversed phase HPLC and concentrated for in vivo studies. PET imaging (1 and 2 h) and biodistribution studies (1, 2 h and blocked with 250 ug LW-54) were performed using nude mice with 22RV1 (PSMA+) and PC3 (PSMA-) xenograft. Results SFB conjugation to the PSMA inhibitor analogues was accomplished in 27-45% radiochemical yields. Tumor uptake ranged between 1.7-2.4 %ID/g and can retain up to 2h. Minimal uptake in the non-target organs and rapid clearance from blood was noted. High uptake was observed in the mice kidneys as expected due to its normal expression. But PSMA expression in human kidney has not been identified. PSMA specificity was demonstrated in the tumor and kidneys by LW-54 blocking (56-93% uptake decrease). Conclusions We have successfully radiolabeled three PSMA-targeted analogues for mice xenografts ([18F]FB-TG97, [18F]FB-AH-TG97 and [18F]FB-AH2-TG97) and demonstrated their specificity. [18F]FB-AH-TG97 exhibited the highest tumor uptake with exceptional clearance in 22RV1 tumor bearing mice. Research Support Supported by DOD W81XWH-11-1-0464 (SFD) and W81XWH-11-1-0191 (LW) NIH 5R01CA140617 (CB).
Immunology and the Scientific Method

This chapter provides an overview of immunology. Immunology is coming into its own as a science that encompasses every facet of biology, and borrows conceptual and technical approaches from mathematics, physics, and chemistry. As a pragmatic discipline, it promises to help scientists find ways to treat certain diseases and disorders that plague man. Though solutions may be found, new problems will always present themselves, for wherever there is life, there are problems to be studied. Thus, the work of immunology will never be completed. Immunology, as one of the biologic sciences, seeks to understand a process within a living system. The chapter presents three major sub disciplines of immunology: (1) molecular Immunology, (2) cellular Immunology, and (3) organismic immunology. Immunologists, like other scientists, are located in universities, government and private research, laboratories, and hospitals. Immunologists, like other scholars, write papers describing their research, and they publish them in journals.
Political Determinants of Government Structure and Economic Performance in Turkey Since 1950

During the last two-thirds of a century, Turkey was ruled by a wide variety of governments: single-party governments, coalitions partnered by two or more parties and by ideologically compatible and incompatible parties, minority and military governments. While single-party governments all lasted at least two terms, the rest rarely lasted even one term. The timing of these governments and the order in which they followed each other were not by chance but according to a pattern induced by coups. Typically single-party governments were ended by coups. Ideologically incompatible and then compatible coalition governments followed, usually after a brief military administration. Then once again single-party governments returned. As economic growth typically exhibits an inverted-U type of pattern over the life of a government, and declines as the number of ruling parties and the ideological distance between them increase, the coups lowered the growth rate of the country and generated political business cycles that are distinct from those induced by elections. In the chapter these assertions are explained in detail and supported using theory, history, descriptive statistics, and regression analysis. It is also shown that improving democratic institutions of the country would enhance the stability and growth of the economy greatly.
Validation of Multi-level Otsu Method to Define Metabolic Tumor Volume in Positron Emission Tomography

1405 Objectives A PET tumor segmentation method using multi-level Otsu (MO) has been developed and shown stable and consistent results across a wide range of tumor sizes and tumor uptake in clinical FDG PET/CT scans. We further validated its accuracy using standard NEMA image quality (IQ) phantom compared to current methods and tested in clinical cases. Methods The NEMA IQ phantom was filled with an 18F solution to have a uniform background activity. The six spherical lesions in the phantom (volume: 0.52, 1.15, 2.57, 5.57, 11.5, and 26.5 cm3) were filled with 18F activity to have a lesion-to-background ratio (LBR) of either 8:1, 4:1, or 1.5:1. The phantom was imaged using a GE Discovery 710 PET/CT scanner. The lesions in the phantom were segmented using our MO method, to derive a spherical lesion metabolic tumor volume (MTV). Results were compared with MTVs from 8 different PET threshold methods: 20%, 40%, 60%, or 80% of the maximum activity (Bq/ml), and mean background + 1 or +2 standard deviations (SD), and mean background x 2 or x 2.5. Three small lesions were not evaluated in LBR of 1.5:1, because they were not distinguishable from background at this low LBR. To evaluate PET segmentation accuracy, we compared volume ratio (VR) of MTV to the actual volume of the phantom lesions. VR closer to 1 indicated a better segmentation strategy. We further tested MO method in clinical cases of osteosarcoma and prostate cancer. Results MO method and 40% threshold showed more consistent mean VRs (closest to 1) for each combination of different lesion sizes and LBR ratios than the other methods. Our MO method showed stable and relatively accurate estimation of the true volume in all lesions and LBRs. However, 40% threshold substantially overestimated MTV in small lesions or in the setting of low LBR, in contrast to our MO method (Figure 1). Table 1 shows representative VR data for the MO method, 40%, and mean background +2 standard deviations (BG + 2SD). MO method could be successfully applied for tumor segmentation in clinical cases with heterogenous uptake or multiple lesions (Figure 2, Figure 3). Conclusions We have validated in NEMA IQ phantom studies that our MO PET segmentation method is relatively accurate, and importantly, stable and consistent across a range of lesion sizes and LBRs representative of clinical tumor lesions. This segmentation method holds promise for clinical PET segmentation applications but requires further validation in clinical PET data sets.
Prevention and Treatment of Polyomavirus-Associated Diseases

Polyomaviruses are ubiquitous, small, non-enveloped viruses that cause a wide range of diseases in transplant recipients. Seroprevalence for these viruses is high and increases with age. BK polyomavirus (abbreviated BKV or BKPyV) and JC polyomavirus (abbreviated JCV or JCPyV) are the most common and best studied polyomaviruses; BKV reactivation in kidney transplant recipients results in BKV viremia, which can progress to BKV-associated nephropathy (BKAN) and potential loss of graft function. JCV replication in the brain of immunosuppressed individuals causes the often fatal disease multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Solid organ transplant recipients, as well as patients with HIV, lymphoma, and those receiving natalizumab for multiple sclerosis or Crohn’s disease, are at increased risk for PML. Currently, there is no effective treatment against BKV and JCV; reduction in immunosuppression is most often used to revive host immune responses to suppress these viruses.
Community Violence and Prosociality: Experiencing and Committing Violence Predicts Norm-Enforcing Punishment but Not Cooperation:

How does violence affect prosociality? Previous work shows that exposure to intergroup violence is positively related prosociality. Here, we test whether this finding extends to other types of comm...
The Role of Human Factors in the Design of Automated Vehicle External Communication

This chapter presents a summary of the 2018 AVS Breakout Session 25, The Role of Human Factors in the Design of Automated Vehicle External Communications. The session was scheduled for four hours with the majority of the time dedicated to presentations from three speakers and the remaining for an interactive exercise. The three speakers presented on a variety of topics, which included automated vehicle research projects involving external communication, studies investigating vulnerable road user behavior, as well as activities underway exploring the potential value of international standardization. Key points included the importance of exploring new metrics for measuring the performance of automated vehicle external communication, the need to study these systems longitudinally, and the importance of investigating the relationship between safety and road user trust and acceptance of these systems.
Soil‐transmitted helminth infection and intestinal inflammation among the Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador

OBJECTIVES Little research exists documenting levels of intestinal inflammation among indigenous populations where exposure to macroparasites, like soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), is common. Reduced STH exposure is hypothesized to contribute to increased prevalence of elevated intestinal inflammation in wealthy nations, likely due to coevolutionary histories between STHs and human immune systems that favored anti-inflammatory pathways. Here, we document levels of intestinal inflammation and test associations with STH infection among the Shuar of Ecuador, an indigenous population undergoing socioeconomic/lifestyle changes that influence their hygienic environment. We predict that fecal calprotectin (FC; a measure of intestinal inflammation) will be lower in STH infected individuals and that FC will be negatively associated with infection intensity. METHODS Stool samples to analyze FC levels and STH infection were collected from 69 Shuar participants (ages 5-75 years). Children (<15 years) and adults (15+ years) were analyzed separately to understand the role of exposure in immune system development and the intestinal inflammatory response. RESULTS Two species of STH were present: Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. The relationships between infection and intestinal inflammation were age- and species-specific. While no significant relationships were found among adults, children who were singly infected with T. trichiura had lower FC levels than uninfected children. Infection intensity was not significantly associated with FC in children or adults. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results provide limited support for our hypotheses, documenting tentative age- and species-specific associations between FC and infection status. Findings may point to the importance of species-specific STH exposure during immune system development.
Medical and Dental Electronic Health Record Reporting Discrepancies in Integrated Patient Care.

Introduction:Oral health mirrors systemic health; yet, few clinics worldwide provide dental care as part of primary medical care, nor are dental records commonly integrated with medical records.Obj...
On Optimal Policies for Risk-Aware Sensor Data Collection by a Mobile Agent

Abstract We consider a scenario where a mobile agent is required to collect measurements from a geographically dispersed set of sensors and return them to a base. The agent faces a risk of destruction while traversing the environment to reach the sensors, and gets the reward for gathering a sensor measurement only if it successfully returns to base. We characterize several properties of the optimal policy for the agent based on a quantity that we term the "reward-to-risk" ratio of the tasks. We provide the optimal policy when the risk of destruction is sufficiently high, and evaluate several heuristic policies via simulation.
Hepatocyte-derived intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma requires Yap and Sox9: A clinical and preclinical analysis.

582Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a liver tumor of increasing incidence and devastating prognosis. WGS and WES have identified numerous molecular pathways and fusions in ICC. ...
An introduction to Language Testing’s first Virtual Special Issue: Investigating consequences of language test use:

Virtual Special Issues are a new resource for Language Testing readers. The Virtual Special Issues will highlight important topics and trends in the field by curating previously published articles ...
Utility of 3D Printed Cardiac Models for Medical Student Education of Congenital Heart Disease Across a Spectrum of Disease Severity

Purpose: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common congenital anomalies. Understanding cardiac anatomy and physiology is vital to understanding the pathophysiology of disease, and CHD education relies heavily on 2-dimensional imaging for this purpose. Three dimensional (3D) printing technology allows for the creation of physical cardiac models that can be used for teaching trainees. We studied the effect of using 3D printed cardiac models in medical student education across a range of CHD severity. Methods: Representative 3D imaging datasets from CT scans were chosen for lesions across the spectrum of disease severity. The CHD lesions included: atrial septal defect (ASD), tetralogy of …
Descriptive and prescriptive software: a societal challenge?

Every few months or so since graduate school, I encounter new circumstances that remind me of the relation between the descriptive and prescriptive approaches humans use to understand and navigate the world in which we live. My most recent reminder occurred while reading about bias in software and efforts by researchers to reduce the negative impacts of this bias on society by (re) designing algorithms to address such biases as gender, racial, age, etc. Typically, "software bias" arises from using a descriptive model of human behavior within a prescriptive program.
Executive functioning-specific behavioral impairments in a rat model of human third trimester binge drinking implicate prefrontal-thalamo-hippocampal circuitry in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Individuals diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) often display behavioral impairments in executive functioning (EF). Specifically, the domains of working memory, inhibition, and set shifting are frequently impacted by prenatal alcohol exposure. Coordination between prefrontal cortex and hippocampus appear to be essential for these domains of executive functioning. The current study uses a rodent model of human third-trimester binge drinking to identify the extent of persistent executive functioning deficits following developmental alcohol by using a behavioral battery of hippocampus- and prefrontal cortex-dependent behavioral assays in adulthood. Alcohol added to milk formula was administered to Long Evans rat pups on postnatal days 4–9 (5.25 g/kg/day of ethanol; intragastric intubation), a period when rodent brain development undergoes comparable processes to human third-trimester neurodevelopment . Procedural control animals underwent sham intubation, without administration of any liquids (i.e., alcohol, milk solution). In adulthood, male rats were run on a battery of behavioral assays: novel object recognition, object-in-place associative memory , spontaneous alternation, and behavioral flexibility tasks. Alcohol-exposed rats demonstrated behavioral impairment in object-in-place preference and performed worse when the rule was switched on a plus maze task. All rats showed similar levels of novel object recognition, spontaneous alternation, discrimination learning, and reversal learning, suggesting alcohol-induced behavioral alterations are selective to executive functioning domains of spatial working memory and set-shifting in this widely-utilized rodent model. These specific behavioral alterations support the hypothesis that behavioral impairments in EF following prenatal alcohol exposure are caused by distributed damage to the prefrontal-thalamo-hippocampal circuit consisting of the medial prefrontal cortex, thalamic nucleus reuniens , and CA1 of hippocampus.
Oncologic and survival outcomes for resectable locally-advanced HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer treated with transoral robotic surgery.

Abstract Objectives To determine whether up-front trans-oral robotic surgery (TORS) for clinically-staged locally-advanced human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer is associated with oncologic and survival outcomes comparable to early-stage (cT1/T2) tumors. Materials and methods Retrospective cohort study of 628 patients with HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer who underwent up-front TORS from 2007 to 2017. Patients were stratified into two cohorts based on early-stage (cT1/2) versus locally-advanced (cT3/4) tumor at presentation. Results We identified 589 patients who presented with early-stage tumors, and 39 patients with locally-advanced tumors. Of these, 73% of patients required adjuvant radiation, and 33% required adjuvant chemoradiation. There was no significant difference in the administration of adjuvant radiation or chemoradiation between the two cohorts. Patients in the locally-advanced disease cohort were significantly more likely to have Stage II/III disease by clinical and pathologic criteria by American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition criteria (p Conclusions Up-front TORS offers favorable survival outcomes for appropriately selected locally-advanced cases of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer. Furthermore, up-front TORS is comparably effective in allowing avoidance of adjuvant therapy, particularly chemotherapy, in both cT1/T2 and locally-advanced HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer. In the absence of clear technical contraindication to surgery, cT3/T4 classification should not be considered an absolute contraindication to surgery.
Fibrinogen and/or Fibrin as a Cause of Neuroinflammation.

Involvement of Fibrinogen(Fg) and fibrin during various pathologies associated with neuroinflammatory diseases associated with memory reduction are well known. Elevated level of Fg, called hyperfibrinogenemia (HFg) (e.g. ≥ 4±0.1 mg/ml of plasma during inflammation vs.~2±0.1 mg/ml of normal plasma [1]), accompanies inflammatory diseases such as stroke [2,3], hypertension [1,4], diabetes [5] and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) [6-9]. Blood level of Fg increases during inflammation in general [10].
B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia 11B (BCL11B) expression status helps distinguish early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma (ETP-ALL/LBL) from other subtypes of T-cell ALL/LBL

B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia 11B (BCL11B) is an essential transcription factor for T-cell lineage commitment and maturation. We investigated BCL11B expression by immunohistochemistry in T-lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL) (n = 115). The majority (83%) of early T-cell precursor T-ALL/LBL (ETP-ALL) cases showed negative BCL11B expression, while most (84%) of non-ETP-ALL/LBL were positive for BCL11B. A simplified three-marker [BCL11B, cluster of differentiation 5 (CD5), CD13] immunophenotypic score discriminated reliably between ETP-ALL and non-ETP-ALL/LBL. In ETP-ALL, patients with positive BCL11B expression had a better overall survival than those with negative BCL11B (P = 0·009). In summary, BCL11B is a valuable marker for T-ALL/LBL subtyping and serves as a potential prognostic marker in patients with ETP-ALL.
A Co-Scheduling Framework for DNN Models on Mobile and Edge Devices with Heterogeneous Hardware

With the emergence of more and more powerful chipsets and hardware and the rise of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT), there is a growing trend for bringing Deep Neural Network (DNN) models to empower mobile and edge devices with intelligence such that they can support attractive AI applications in a real-time manner. To leverage heterogeneous computational resources (such as CPU, GPU, DSP, etc.) to effectively and efficiently support the concurrent inference of multiple DNN models on a mobile or edge device, we propose a novel online Co-Scheduling framework based on deep REinforcement Learning, called COSREL. COSREL has the following desirable features: 1) it achieves significant speedup over commonly-used methods by efficiently utilizing all the computational resources on heterogeneous hardware; 2) it leverages emerging Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to make dynamic and wise online scheduling decisions based on system runtime state; 3) it is capable of making a good tradeoff among inference latency, throughput, and energy efficiency; and 4) it makes no changes to given DNN models, thus preserves their accuracies. To evaluate COSREL, we conduct extensive experiments on an off-the-shelf Android smartphone. The experimental results show that COSREL consistently outperforms other baselines in terms of throughput, latency, and energy efficiency.
Digital Discipleship: A Study of How Churches in New York Used Technology for Adult Discipleship During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 Pandemic brought unexpected and unparalleled challenges to bear on the adult discipleship ministries of local churches. These challenges were felt sharply early on in New York, the loc...
Xbox360 Front Side Bus - A 21.6 GB/s End-to-End Interface Design

With a bandwidth of 21.6 GB/s, the front side bus (FSB) of the Microsoft Xbox360trade is one of the fastest, commercially available front side bus interfaces in the consumer market. This paper explains the end-to-end system approach used in designing the bus that achieved volume production ramp 18 months after design start. The 90 nm SOI-CMOS CPU and 90 nm bulk CMOS GPU designs are described. The chip carrier, circuit board, and signal integrity analyses are described. The design approach used to achieve high volume, low cost, and short development time is explained.
PM10/PM2.5/PM1 Data from a Trichotomous Sampler

ABSTRACT As part of an effort to determine whether 1 μm or 2.5 μam is the better choice for a new fine particulate matter standard, Professor Virgil A. Marple of the University of Minnesota developed a high volume trichotomous (PM10/PM2.5 /PM1) sampler. Two of these samplers were used to obtain particulate matter (PM) samples at a site located in Phoenix, Arizona, from May 1995 through October 1995. All filter samples were analyzed for mass concentrations and a few for elemental and chemical compositions. Relative fractions were determined for PM10, PM2.5, PM1, PM2.5–10, and PM1–2.5. Calculations were made to evaluate how coarse and fine mode aerosol contributed to the intermediate size range. Results indicated that most of the PM10 in Phoenix was coarse mode PM (windblown dust), which was also a primary contributor to PM25.
Fracture of Amorphous Polymers

Fracture in viscoelastic bodies, considering stress-strain-time properties and analyzing temperature and failure envelopes
Effect of sham feeding on gastric acid secretion in healthy subjects and duodenal ulcer patients: Evidence for increased basal vagal tone in some ulcer patients

Sham feeding augments gastric acid secretion by activating efferent vagal pathways to the stomach. If increased vagal activity in the basal state were the cause of increased basal acid secretion in some patients with duodenal ulcer, these patients might be expected to secrete little or no additional acid in response to sham feeding. To test this, we measured basal and sham feeding-stimulated acid secretion (as well as peak pentagastrin-stimulated acid output) in 29 duodenal ulcer patients and 22 healthy subjects. Four ulcer patients who had markedly increased basal acid secretion (basal/peak acid output > 0.30) and normal basal serum gastrin concentrations failed to augment acid secretion in response to sham feeding. On the other hand, patients with marked basal acid hypersection owing to hypergastrinemia (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) responded to sham feeding with a large increase in acid secretion above basal rates. Every normal subject responded to sham feeding with an increase in acid secretion above basal rates, even when acid secretion had been stimulated by an intravenous pentagastrin infusion before beginning sham feeding. These findings suggest that in some patients with duodenal ulcer (4 of 29 in this study) increased basal acid secretion is caused by increased vagal tone.
Robust and Optimal Control

This paper will very briefly review the history of the relationship between modern optimal control and robust control. The latter is commonly viewed as having arisen in reaction to certain perceived inadequacies of the former. More recently, the distinction has effectively disappeared. Once-controversial notions of robust control have become thoroughly mainstream, and optimal control methods permeate robust control theory. This has been especially true in H-infinity theory, the primary focus of this paper.
Nuclear Localization Signal and p53 Binding Site in MAP/ERK Kinase Kinase 1 (MEKK1)

Previously, we showed that Mekk1 translocates to the nucleus, interacts with tumor suppressor protein p53, and co-represses PKD1 transcription via an atypical p53 binding site on the minimal PKD1 promoter (JBC 285:38,818-38,831, 2010). In this study, we report the mechanisms of Mekk1 nuclear transport and p53 binding. Using GFP-linked constitutively active-Mekk1 (CA-Mekk1) and a deletion strategy, we identified a nuclear localization signal (HRDVK) located at amino acid (aa) residues 1,349-1,353 in the C-terminal Mekk1 catalytic domain. Deletion of this sequence in CA-Mekk1 and full-length Mekk1 significantly reduced their nuclear translocation in both HEK293T and COS-1 cells. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we identified an adjacent sequence (GANLID, aa 1,354-1,360) in Mekk1 responsible for p53 binding. Deletion of this sequence markedly reduced the interaction of Mekk1 with p53. Mekk1 does not appear to affect phosphorylation of Ser15, located in the Mdm2 interaction site, or other Ser residues in p53. However, Mekk1 mediates p53 protein stability in the presence of Mdm2 and reduces p53 ubiquitination, suggesting an interference with Mdm2-mediated degradation of p53 by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
Effect of physical aging on the shape-memory behavior of amorphous networks

Abstract This paper presents an experimental and modeling study of the effects of physical aging on the shape-memory performance of (meth)acrylate-based networks composed of tert -butyl acrylate (tBA) crosslinked by various concentrations of poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (PEGDMA). The experiments measured the unconstrained recovery response of samples stored at 20 °C ( T g − 36 °C) for zero to 180 days and evaluated the effects of storage on the strain fixity, activation temperature, and initial recovery rate. A thermoviscoelastic model recently developed for amorphous networks near the T g was applied to study the influence of structural and viscoelastic relaxation and the aging time and temperature on the recovery response. Results showed that the activation temperature and the initial recovery rate increased with the aging time, producing a sharper initial recovery response. The thermoviscoelastic model predicted that the magnitude of these effects depended on the aging temperature. There was an optimum aging temperature that maximized the initial recovery rate. These results suggest that physical aging can be manipulated to accelerate the recovery performance of shape-memory polymer devices.
Maximum-likelihood recursive nonlinear filtering

The basic model for the general nonlinear filtering problem consists of a nonlinear plant driven by noise followed by nonlinear observation with additive noise. The object is to estimate, at each instant, the current state of the plant, given thea priori information and the history of the observations up to the current time. The estimation procedure studied here is that of computing, at each instant, the most probable trajectory given the data at that time, and taking its final value. The purpose of the present paper is to clarify some earlier studies of this procedure.
Reductions on NP and P-selective sets

Abstract P-selective sets are used to distinguish polynomial time-bounded reducibilities on NP. In particular, we consider different kinds of “positive” reductions; these preserve membership in NP and are not a priori closed under complements. We show that the class of all sets which are both P-selective and have positive reductions to their complements is P. This is used to show that if DEXT ≠ NEXT, then there exists a set in NP−P that is not positive reducible to its complement. Various similar results are obtained. We also show that P is the class of all sets which are both p-selective and positive truth-table self-reducible. From this result, it follows that various naturally defined apparently intractible problems are not p-selective unless P = NP.
Interaction of phospholipase A with an axon plasma membrane preparation.

Abstract The rates at which the phosphalipase A catalyzed inactivation of the axonal cholinergic binding macromolecule (ACBM), activation of acetylcholinesterase, and hydrolysis of fatty acid acyl esters were measured in an axon plasma membrane preparation from lobster nerves. The inactivation of ACBM was shown not to be caused by products of the reaction. The solubilized ACBM was also sensitive to phospholipase A inactivation. These results indicated a direct role for the phospholipid in the binding of cholinergic ligands to ACBM. It is suggested that ACBM may be a postsynaptic cholinergic receptor that is in a different lipid environment in the axon plasma membrane. A comparison with the effect of phospholipase A on axonal conduction in intact nerves suggests that the ACBM is directly involved in this process.
A Study of Flows Over Microgrooves for Different Flow Pattern

During condensation of R134a the flow patterns inside two three-dimensional (3-D) micro-fin tubes with different fin geometries were investigated. The flow patterns and their transitions were visibly observed and recorded. The experimental findings revealed the following results: a comparison of the condensation flow patterns in the 3-D micro-fin tubes with those in smooth tubes revealed no qualitative differences. The mist flow and the mist-annular flow that appeared in the smooth tube entrance region were not observed in 3-D micro-fin tubes. In the maps of the Mandhane flow regime and the Soliman flow regime, the area of annular flow region of the 3-D micro-fin tube extends towards lower Fr number range in the Soliman map and smaller vapor velocity range in the Mandhane map when compared with that of a smooth tube. The criterion of the flow regime transition between the annular flow and the wavy flow decreases from Fr = 7 to Fr = 2 in the Soliman flow regime map. However, no significant effect on the criterion for the plug flow transition was observed. The experimental data points of plug flow in the 3-D micro-fin tubes were also obtained in the same regime of smooth tube in Mandhane flow regime map. The Soliman flow regime map indicates the criterion for plug flow transition to be Fr = 0.4.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Temperature dependence of the internal dynamics of a protein in an aqueous solvent: Decoupling from the solvent viscosity

Abstract We have recently observed decoupling of the dynamics of a protein from its aqueous solvent [Chu et al., JPCL 3 (2012) 380]; here we report the more detailed studies. We analyzed quasielastic neutron scattering data from a 40 mg/ml solution of lysozyme in (D 2 O) 8 (LiCl) and (H 2 O) 8 (LiCl). The internal dynamics of lysozyme exhibited super-Arrhenius temperature dependence with no crossover to a different regime down to at least 200 K. The decoupling of the internal protein dynamics from the viscosity of its aqueous solvent is evident. The temperature dependence of the protein dynamics indicates an apparent dynamic arrest at a temperature above 190 K, whereas the glass transition temperature for the solvent is around 135–140 K. The internal dynamics of the solvated protein is coupled to the dynamics of its hydration shell, not of the bulk solvent, which is qualitatively altered by the salt to defer the dynamic arrest to 135–140 K.
Processes for non-destructive transfer of graphene: widening the bottleneck for industrial scale production

The exceptional charge-transport, mechanical, and barrier properties of graphene are well known. High-quality films of single-layer graphene produced over large areas, however, are extremely expensive. The high cost of graphene precludes its use in industries—such as transparent electrodes and flexible packaging—that might take full advantage of its properties. This minireview presents several strategies for the transfer of graphene from the substrates used for growth to substrates used for the final application. Each strategy shares the characteristic of being non-destructive: that is, the growth substrate remains reusable for further synthesis of new graphene. These processes have the potential to lower significantly the costs of manufacturing graphene, to increase production yields, and to minimize environmental impact. This article is divided into sections on (i) the synthesis of high-quality single-layer graphene and (ii) its non-destructive transfer to a host substrate. Section (ii) is further divided according to the substrate from which graphene is transferred: single-crystalline wafers or flexible copper foils. We also comment, wherever possible, on defects produced as a result of the transfer, and potential strategies to mitigate these defects. We conclude that several methods for the green synthesis and transfer of graphene have several of the right characteristics to be useful in industrial scale production.
Disruption of phospholipid and bile acid homeostasis in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that can develop into cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although several metabolic pathways are disrupted and endogenous metabolites may change in NASH, the alterations in serum metabolites during NASH development remain unclear. To gain insight into the disease mechanism, serum metabolite changes were assessed using metabolomics with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and a conventional mouse NASH model induced by a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Significant decreases in serum palmitoyl-, stearoyl-, and oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and marked increases in tauro-β-muricholate, taurocholate and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) were detected in mice with NASH. In agreement with these metabolite changes, hepatic mRNAs encoding enzymes and proteins involved in LPC degradation (lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase [Lpcat] 1–4), basolateral bile acid excretion (ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member [Abcc] 1/4/5 and organic solute transporter β), and 12-HETE synthesis (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) were significantly up-regulated. In contrast, the expression of solute carrier family 10 member 1 (Slc10a1) and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member (Slco) 1a1 and 1b2, responsible for transporting bile acids into hepatocytes, were markedly suppressed. Supplementation of the MCD diet with methionine revealed that the changes in serum metabolites and the related gene expression were derived from steatohepatitis, but not dietary choline deficiency or steatosis. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β1 induced the expression of Lpcat2/4 and Abcc1/4 and down-regulated Slc10a1 and Slco1a1 in primary hepatocytes, suggesting an association between the changes in serum LPC and bile acids and proinflammatory cytokines. Finally, induction of hepatitis in ob/ob mice by D- galactosamine injection led to similar changes in serum metabolites and related gene expression. Conclusion: Phospholipid and bile acid metabolism is disrupted in NASH, likely due to enhanced hepatic inflammatory signaling.(HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:118-129)