cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of proline utilization in Salmonella typhimurium: characterization of put::Mu d(Ap, lac) operon fusions.

The genes for proline utilization were fused to the structural genes of the lac operon by use of the hybrid Mu phage derivative Mu d(Ap lac). Stable deletion derivatives of these fusions were selected and used to study the transcriptional regulation of the put genes. Analysis of these fusions showed that the putA gene product, a bifunctional oxidase-dehydrogenase, also serves to negatively control transcription of the putA and putP genes. Transcription of the put genes is repressed only in putA+ strains; this repression is lifted when exogenous proline is supplied. Transcription of the put genes is stimulated by cyclic AMP in putA+ and putA strains. Maximal induction of the put genes in putA+ strains requires oxygen or an alternative electron acceptor. This oxygen effect is mediated by the putA protein since putA mutants show maximal transcription even without an electron acceptor. The orientation of the Mu d(Ap lac) insertions was determined by formation of Hfr9s via the lac homology on F9ts114 lac+. The direction of chromosome mobilization by these Mu d(Ap lac)-directed Hfr9s demonstrated that the putP and putA genes are divergently transcribed from a central regulatory region lying between them.
Timing Matters: Promoting Forum Shopping by Insolvent Corporations

Most commentators decry forum shopping. This general hostility extends to forum shopping by firms filing for bankruptcy. Indeed, Congress is considering legislation designed to reduce forum shopping by companies filing for bankruptcy. This article makes two contributions to this debate. First, we show that the current debate is driven almost exclusively by attorneys trying to protect fees rather than by any principled objection to forum shopping. Second, on the merits, we argue that the hostility to forum shopping is misplaced. The near universal condemnation of forum shopping rests on the premise that, at the time the plaintiff selects a forum, there is a zero-sum game between the plaintiff and defendant - every advantage that a plaintiff secures comes at a cost to the defendant. We demonstrate that, in the bankruptcy context, this zero-sum game disappears if one forces a firm to commit to a specific venue before its seeks funds in the capital markets. Drawing on the "race to the top" literature in corporate law, we show that markets will discipline managers who act opportunistically. The threat of this discipline will lead managers to commit to the venue most likely to maximize firm value. Moreover, our proposal will create incentives for judges to exercise the vast discretion that the Bankruptcy Code gives them in a way which promotes efficiency.
Development of Volkswagen's Supercharger G-lader

Volkswagen has developed a mechanically driven supercharger which provides combustion engines with a good torque spread and spontaneous response. The supercharger which is based on the scroll principle is noted for its high degree of efficiency and is practically pulsationsfree.
Ion-probe studies of artificially implanted ions in lunar samples

The ion microprobe at the Johnson Space Center was used to study depth profiles of artificially implanted ions in lunar samples. Five polished sections of typical mare basalts (12040 and 12018) were irradiated with nine different elements at two energies and the resulting concentrations were measured as a function of depth in the minerals plagioclase, pyroxene, and ilmenite. These preliminary simulation experiments were undertaken to determine whether the ion probe can be used to measure solar-wind-implanted elements on the surface of lunar rock crystals and soil grains and to study mechanisms for the redistribution. The results obtained so far demonstrate that depth profiles can indeed be measured with the ion probe. From estimated exposure times of mature soil grains and selected vug crystals, it appears possible (if difficult) to detect several solar-wind-implanted elements.
Isolation of Bacteriophage T4 Mutants Defective in the Ability to Degrade Host Deoxyribonucleic Acid

A method was devised for identifying nonlethal mutants of T4 bacteriophage which lack the capacity to induce degradation of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of their host, Escherichia coli. If a culture is infected in a medium containing hydroxyurea (HU), a compound that blocks de novo deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis by interacting with ribonucleotide reductase, mutant phage that cannot establish the alternate pathway of deoxyribonucleotide production from bacterial DNA will fail to produce progeny. The progeny of 100 phages that survived heavy mutagenesis with hydroxylamine were tested for their ability to multiply in the presence of HU. Four of the cultures lacked this capacity. Cells infected with one of these mutants, designated T4nd28, accumulated double-stranded fragments of host DNA with a molecular weight of approximately 2 x 10(8) daltons. This mutant failed to induce T4 endonuclease II, an enzyme known to produce single-strand breaks in double-stranded cytosine-containing DNA. The properties of nd28 give strong support to an earlier suggestion that T4 endonuclease II participates in host DNA degradation. The nd28 mutation mapped between T4 genes 32 and 63 and was very close to the latter gene. It is, thus, in the region of the T4 map that is occupied by genes for a number of other enzymes, including deoxycytidylate deaminase, thymidylate synthetase, dihydrofolate reductase, and ribonucleotide reductase, that are nonessential to phage production in rich media.
Comparison of the prevalence of first-degree atrioventricular block in African-American and in Caucasian patients: an electrocardiographic study III.

Background Electrocardiographic (ECG) differences occur between African-American and Caucasian patients. Methods The study includes ECGs of 2,123 patients, ages 20-99 years attending an urban hospital. Results First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block was more prevalent in African-American patients compared with Caucasian patients in all age groups of the study except for those patients in the eighth decade of life. The prevalence of first-degree AV block began to increase at age 50 years in both ethnic groups and gradually increased with advancing age, peaking in African-American patients in the 10th decade of life, and in Caucasian patients in the ninth decade of life. The continuing increase in first-degree AV block in African-American patients in the 10th decade of life suggests increasing impairment but greater durability of the AV conduction system in African-American compared with Caucasian patients. The dramatic decline of the prevalence of first-degree AV block in Caucasian patients in the 10th decade of life suggests more frequent failure of the AV conduction system in this group of patients at ages 90-99 years, compared with African-American patients in the same age group. In population-based surveys, first-degree AV block was more prevalent in African-American subjects compared with Caucasian subjects.
The otoscope: an update on assessment skills

T HE DEMAND FOR pediatric nurses in community and home settings is increasing. The movement toward health care reform indicates a clear shift in environments for clinical practice from tertiary to primary care settings as disease prevention, health promotion, and early intervention are emphasized. Two frequently mentioned components of most health care reform plans include the nurse as a primary health care provider and an increased emphasis on health promotion. In a recent interview, Surgeon General M. Joycelyn Elders declared that “pediatric nurses, pediatric nurse practitioners, and public health nurses will be the backbone of the clinics that provide health services for our children” (p. 361) (Vessey & Swanson, 1993). The move of more pediatric nurses to the community setting and an expanded primary care role combine to require additional physical assessment skills for pediatric nurses. Traditionally, the term “equipment” brought to mind instruments such as pulse oximeters, infusion pumps, and central venous lines that require technical skills. Under a new health care system, pediatric nurses will increasingly be called on to assess and screen the well child or adolescent using equipment not traditionally used by nurses. One example is the otoscope. Although certainly not new, the otoscope will be used more frequently in community settings, homes, and schools, and quite possibly in hospitals as well. Because many pediatric nurses are not familiar with its use in clinical practice, this report will reacquaint nurses with the otoscope as a tool for assessment.
Sealed nickel-cadmium cell performance and optimization of battery design

Small sealed nickel-cadmium cells have been applied in several military applications since their development during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Some of the applications included are man portable, communications, lighting, navigation, computers, and telemetry. Cell performance and reliability has varied over the last fifteen years. This paper will compare cell performance during the late 1970s to that being exhibited during the 1990s. The variation in cell performance and reliability has lead the Navy to use extensive screening and matching procedures to obtain highly reliable battery packs. The screen and matching procedures used by the Navy are discussed along with battery performance differences. >
d -Block Complexes of Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium

Complexes containing transition metal bonds to the main group elements aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium are described. Rational approaches to the syntheses of these complexes include salt metathesis reactions, elimination reactions, and substitution reactions. Derivatives with Al, Ga, and In in both the + 3 and + 1 oxidation states have been prepared, and their somewhat controversial bonding situations have been described. Luminescent complexes of the noble metals, especially Pd, Pt, and Au, are readily prepared by simple addition of thallium(I) salts to coordination compounds of these elements. Arylplatinum and gold reagents also bind thallium(I) readily.
"Everybody just wants to do what's best for their child": Understanding how pro-vaccine parents can support a culture of vaccine hesitancy.

Abstract Background Although a large majority of parents vaccinate their children, vaccine hesitancy has become more widespread. It is not well understood how this culture of vaccine hesitancy has emerged and how it influences parents’ decisions about vaccine schedules. Objective We sought to examine how attitudes and beliefs of parents who self-report as pro-vaccine are developed and contribute to immunization decisions, including delaying or spacing vaccines. Methods Open-ended, in-depth interviews ( N = 23) were conducted with upper-middle class parents with young children living in Philadelphia. Interview data were coded and key themes identified related to vaccine decision-making. Results Parents who sought out vaccine information were often overwhelmed by the quantity and ambiguity when interpreting that information, and, consequently, had to rely on their own instinct or judgment to make vaccine decisions. In particular, while parents in this sample did not refuse vaccines, and described themselves as pro-vaccine, they did frequently delay or space vaccines. This experience also generated sympathy for and tolerance of vaccine hesitancy in other parents. Parents also perceived minimal severe consequences for deviating from the recommended immunization schedule. Conclusion These findings suggest that the rise in and persistence of vaccine hesitancy and refusal are, in part, influenced by the conflicts in the information parents gather, making it difficult to interpret. Considerable deviations from the recommended vaccination schedule may manifest even within a pro-vaccine population due to this perceived ambiguity of available information and resulting tolerance for vaccine hesitancy.
Input–Output Functions of Vestibular Afferent Responses to Air-Conducted Clicks in Rats

Sound-evoked vestibular myogenic potentials recorded from the sternocleidomastoid muscles (the cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential or cVEMP) and the extraocular muscles (the ocular VEMP or oVEMP) have proven useful in clinical assessment of vestibular function. VEMPs are commonly interpreted as a test of saccular function, based on neurophysiological evidence showing activation of saccular afferents by intense acoustic click stimuli. However, recent neurophysiological studies suggest that the clicks used in clinical VEMP tests activate vestibular end organs other than the saccule. To provide the neural basis for interpreting clinical VEMP testing results, the present study examined the extent to which air-conducted clicks differentially activate the various vestibular end organs at several intensities and durations in Sprague–Dawley rats. Single unit recordings were made from 562 vestibular afferents that innervated the otoliths [inferior branch otolith (IO) and superior branch otolith (SO)], the anterior canal (AC), the horizontal canal (HC), and the posterior canal (PC). Clicks higher than 60 dB SL (re-auditory brainstem response threshold) activated both semicircular canal and otolith organ afferents. Clicks at or below 60 dB SL, however, activated only otolith organ afferents. Longer duration clicks evoked larger responses in AC, HC, and SO afferents, but not in IO afferents. Intra-axonal recording and labeling confirmed that sound sensitive vestibular afferents innervated the horizontal and anterior canal cristae as well as the saccular and utricular maculae. Interestingly, all sound sensitive afferents are calyx-bearing fibers. These results demonstrate stimulus-dependent acoustic activation of both semicircular canals and otolith organs, and suggest that sound activation of vestibular end organs other than the saccule should not be ruled out when designing and interpreting clinical VEMP tests.
A gender blind system for promotion in the salesforce

Explores equity theory and its implications for the promotion system in a sales organization. Argues that the increasing number of female sales representatives will encourage the promotion of women to sales management positions and increase the perception of inequity by male sales managers. Offers several propositions; notes the consequences of perceived inequity; suggests preventive measures; and discusses future research implications.
Absence of clinical GVHD and the in vivo induction of regulatory T cells after transplantation of facilitating cells.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and failure of engraftment limit clinical bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to patients with closely matched donors. Engraftment failure of purified allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been decreased in various BMT models by including donor BM–derived CD8+/αβγδTCR- facilitating cells (FCs) or CD8+/αβTCR+ T cells in the BM inoculum. To aggressively investigate the GVHD potential of these donor CD8+ populations, a purified cell model of lethal GVHD was established in a murine semiallogeneic parent → F1 combination. Lethally irradiated recipients were reconstituted with purified donor HSCs alone or in combination with splenic T cells (TSP), BM-derived T cells (TBM), or the FC population. In marked contrast to the lethal GVHD present in recipients of HSCs plus TSP or CD8+ TBM, recipients of donor HSC+FC inocula did not exhibit significant clinical or histologic evidence of GVHD. Instead, HSC+FC recipients were characterized by increased splenocyte expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and the induction of the regulatory T-cell genes CTLA4, GITR, and FoxP3. These findings suggest that the FCs, which express a unique FCp33-TCRβ heterodimer in place of αβTCR, permits HSC alloengraftment and prevents GVHD through the novel approach of regulatory T-cell induction in vivo.
Qualitative changes in rat liver microsomal NADPH cytochrome C (P-450) reductase during aging

The hepatic drug-metabolizing capacities of rodents and humans undergo marked age-dependent declines, particularly between maturity and senescence. This decline probably results from distinct qualitative and quantitative changes in the microsomal mixed function oxidase system. Previous studies reported age-related reductions in the amount of smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the specific activities of several constituent enzymes of this drug-metabolizing system. The present study has subjected one of these enzymes, NADPH cytochrome c (P-450) reductase, to an extensive analysis and some of these data are reported here. The microsomal membranes of young Fischer 344 male rats (3 months) yielded approximately twice the enzyme recovered from those of old animals (27 months). Furthermore, the specific activity of the purified enzyme isolated from young animals was two-fold higher than that obtained from senescent rats. The “old” enzyme also exhibited an increased thermostability profile in comparison to the “young” enzyme. These data provide the first evidence of possible molecular alterations responsible for the well-documented age-dependent decline in the functional capacity of the rat liver microsomal mixed function oxidase system.
The use of fluorescent antibody techniques for detection of streptococcus faecalis as an indicator of fecal pollution of water

Abstract A slide method for use of fluorescent antibody identification of Streptococcus faecalis is described. This method permits S. faecalis of fecal origin to be distinguished from those soil and water forms which are able to reproduce in water and sewage. Reactions were specific as confirmed by biochemical tests. Non-specific cross species fluorescence was readily removed by adsorption. Results indicate that this technique provides a method which will be useful in those pollution studies which require rapid identification and quantitation of organisms indicating fecal pollution.
Dissolved sulfides in the oxic water column of San Francisco Bay, California

Trace contaminants enter major estuaries such as San Francisco Bay from a variety of point and nonpoint sources and may then be repartitioned between solid and aqueous phases or altered in chemical speciation. Chemical speciation affects the bioavailability of metals as well as organic ligands to planktonic and benthic organisms, and the partitioning of these solutes between phases. Our previous, work in south San Francisco Bay indicated that sulfide complexation with metals may be of particular importance because of the thermodynamic stability of these complexes. Although the water column of the bay is consistently well-oxygenated and typically unstratified with respect to dissolved oxygen, the kinetics of sulfide oxidation could exert at least transient controls on metal speciation. Our initial data on dissolved sulfides in the main channel of both the northern and southern components of the bay consistently indicate submicromolar concenrations (from <1 nM to 162 nM), as one would expect in an oxidizing environment. However, chemical speciation calculations over the range of observed sulfide concentrations indicate that these trace concentrations in the bay water column can markedly affect chemical speciation of ecologically significant trace metals such as cadmium, copper, and zinc.
Some general results for normal mode instability on a sphere

Abstract The stability properties are described for two general types of zonal mean flows: solid body rotation and a mid-latitude jet. Growth rates are plotted versus zonal wavenumber and mean flow vertical shear in both cases. The structure of the most unstable modes is described and some physical interpretation given.
The Worlds of Japanese Popular Culture: Gender, Shifting Boundaries and Global Cultures.

The Worlds of Japanese Popular Culture: Gender, Shifting Boundaries and Global Cultures. Dolores Martinez. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. ix. 212 pp., figures, index.
A possible new reflex pathway for micturition after spinal cord injury

In order to restore bladder function after spinal cord injury, a controllable new reflex pathway has been established in rats. It involves a somatic reflex arc with an artificially modified efferent branch which passes the somatic motor impulses to the bladder. This is achieved by intradural microanastomosis of the left L4 ventral root to L6 ventral root, while leaving the L4 dorsal root intact as a starter of micturition. The 'skin-CNS-bladder' reflex pathway is designed to initiate voiding by scratching the skin. After axonal regeneration, 15 of the 24 rats with the new pathway underwent electrophysiological study. Single stimuli (0.3-3 mA, 0.02-0.2 ms duration) to the left L4 nerve resulted in evoked potentials (0.5-1 mV) recorded from the left L6 nerve distal to the anastomosis. The bladder detrusor contraction was very quickly initiated by trains of the stimuli and bladder pressures increased rapidly to levels similar to controls. Neural tracing study with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on six rats with the pathway demonstrated that the somatic motor axons regenerated successfully into the pelvic nerve, and the bladder was reinnervated by the L4 somatic motor neurons. The bladder contraction can also be initiated by electrostimulation of left sciatic nerve as well as scratching the L4 related skin. A new concept may be derived from the skin-CNS-bladder reflex pathway: the impulses delivered from the efferent neurons of a somatic reflex arc can be transferred to initiate responses of an autonomic effector.
Side-chain fragmentation of alkylated cysteine residues in electron capture dissociation mass spectrometry.

The recent development of novel fragmentation processes based on either electron capture directly or transfer from an anion show great potential for solving problems in proteomics that are intractable by the more widely employed thermal-based fragmentation processes such as collision induced dissociation. The dominant fragmentation occurring upon electron capture dissociation of peptides is cleavage of N-Cα bonds in the peptide backbone to form c and z· ions. In the case of disulfide-linked peptides, it has also been shown that electron capture on one of the cystine sulfur atoms is favored, resulting in cleavage of the disulfide bond. In this study, we report that electron capture on the sulfur of alkylated cysteine residues is also a dominant process, causing cysteine side-chain loss from z· ions.
Deformations of representations of discrete subgroups of SO (3,1).

Certainly the case of manifolds is the most interesting and most complicated. The main aim of this paper is to show that Conjecture I is not absolutely groundless. First our results deal with reflection orbifolds. In this case we will prove Conjecture 1 and find that R(Tq(M), 4) is a smooth manifold of dimension ( f -4 ) , where f is the number of "faces" of the reflection orbifold (Theorem 1). Then we shall consider orbifolds of finite volume and examine the "restriction" map
Binding of pentachlorophenol to humic substances in soil by the action of white rot fungi

The fate of 14C-pentachlorophenol (14C-PCP) in soil inoculated with each of four wood degrading fungi was studied. After 9 wk of incubation with the fungi, the majority of the 14C (between 34 and 65%) was found bound to humic (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and humin, with lesser amounts found in the organic-extractable fraction or mineralized. The highest amounts of PCP were bound to HA (20–36%, compared to 7.5–8.3% in the uninoculated controls). Binding to FA and to humin was lower, ranging between 8.7 and 17.5% and 4.8 and 11.1%, respectively, in the fungal cultures. In control experiments around 5% of the radioactivity was found associated to FA and between 2 and 4% to the humin. The highest binding of PCP to the humic materials was obtained with Pleurotus ostreatus, followed by Irpex lacteus, Trametes versicolor and Bjerkandera adusta. Mineralization of PCP from soil cultures by the fungi was low. The fungus that mineralized the most PCP was T. versicolor, converting 8.8% of 14C-PCP into 14CO2, compared to 0.6% mineralized in the uninoculated controls. Methylation of PCP to pentachloroanisole by the fungi was low, ranging between 0 and 6.8% after 9 wk.
Documentation aerobics: toning and streamlining your “body of documentation”

This paper presents techniques and opportunities for creating targeted, lean, effective documentation and information to free your time and your readers’ time for other important projects.
Nondestructive Characterization of Composite Sandwich Materials Under Fatigue Loading

Applications of sandwich composite materials are constantly increasing to many more civilian and military areas, and they have become quite important for the construction of many structures. In this work the application of basic and reliable NDE methods to the characterization of sandwich materials suitable for marine applications has been explored. Vibroacoustic methods have been utilized, with emphasis on vibration and acoustic emission methods, on account of their rapidity of use, and reliability where applicable. Composite sandwich materials with both carbon-based and glass-based composite facings have been tested statically and in bending fatigue. The progress of damage-indicative characteristics with fatigue life has been followed with these methods from the unfatigued state. Usual vibration and acoustic emission parameters and, more informatively, those based on new joint time-frequency and wavelet transforms, are utilized to effectively characterize the materials with advancing damage under low-cycle fatigue loading. This approach was shown to be quite reliable.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Geographies of Power in Nazarbayev's Astana

An American geographer examines the recent move of Kazakhstan's capital from Almaty to Astana, focusing in particular on the links between the move and the development of official nationalism in the era of Nursultan Nazarbayev's post-communist governance. The capital move is discussed within a wider theoretical framework to highlight the unique role that the national capital plays in the nationalist imagination. The paper also highlights interesting features of the new capital's physical layout as well as changes in its ethnic composition due to migration patterns following the relocation. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: H10, H82, J61, O18. 2 figures, 2 tables, 49 references.
The idea of secularization in the works of max weber: A theoretical outline

The last two decades have witnessed a re-discovery of the sociology of religion. Not accidentally, this resurgence roughly coincides with the publication of English translations of Weber's seminal theories and empirical studies of world religions. Many contemporary themes in the sociology of religion still draw heavily from Weber's ideas. Given his contemporary importance to the subject, it is somewhat surprising that no real attempt has been made to extrapolate from Weber's work a systematic theory of one of the most important themes of the sociology of religion: secularization. The author points to the fact that Weber himself rarely used the term “secularization,” though the idea is an important theme in much of his work. In this paper, the idea of secularization is examined in the context of Weber's work, paying special attention to the specific processes he had in mind whenever he referred to it. More generally, while not claiming to be comprehensive, the discussion attempts to fill the gap by presenting the general outlines of a systematic Weberian theory of secularization.
Electronic structure and angular momentum coupling as reflected in electron excitation out of rare-gas metastable levels : Excitation cross sections of krypton

We present measurements of electron-impact excitation cross sections into levels of the $4{p}^{5}5p$ configuration from the $J=0$ and $J=2$ metastable levels of krypton. Metastable-atom targets were generated using two different sources, a hollow-cathode discharge and via charge-exchange collisions between a fast ${\mathrm{Kr}}^{+}$ beam and Cs atoms. The metastable atoms are excited to $4{p}^{5}5p$ levels by a monoenergetic electron beam and the fluorescence from the levels are used to determine the excitation cross sections. Laser quenching of the hollow-cathode target is used to separate the signal contributions from excitation of the two metastable levels. Like excitation from the metastable levels of Ar, cross sections for dipole-allowed excitations are generally larger than ones for dipole-forbidden excitations. Krypton differs from Ar and Ne, however, in having a larger spin-orbit coupling for the $4{p}^{5}$ core so that the energy levels of each excited configuration segregate into two tiers based on the value of the core angular momentum. Cross sections for dipole-allowed excitation with a change in the core angular momentum are not only much smaller than their core-preserving counterparts, but also have different energy dependence. The measured cross sections are compared with recent theoretical calculations and with previous experimental work.
Rates of environmental problem generation: Thoughts on a new research direction

Environmental scientists are continually discovering new and emerging environmental problems. There have been many studies of how a particular environmental problem has occurred, its costs to society, and its (potential) resolution. However, to date there have been few studies of the rate at which new environmental problems are generated by human technological innovations. In this note, I present a conceptual framework that will help quantify how many now-unknown problems we may expect to occur in a given sector. Two brief case studies illustrate the difficulty of finding appropriate dataset for fitting the full model, however. Policy implications of the conceptual framework are discussed, with different kinds of economic sectors requiring different approaches.
HYPERTHERMIC EFFECTS OF MORPHINE: SET POINT MANIPULATION BY A DIRECT SPINAL ACTION

U Rats were implanted with chronic indwelling catheters in the lumbar spinal subarachnoid space in order to study the effects of morphine on body temperature. 2 Morphine administered intrathecally produced a dose-dependent rise in body temperature that was antagonized by naloxone. 3 The rise in body temperature evoked by a given dose of morphine appeared to be independent of the environmental temperture ((4 degrees C to 32 degrees C) and was consistently associated with coordinated thermoregulatory responses (i.e. shivering and tail vasoconstriction). The fall in body temperature observed in these hyperthermic animals, following naloxone, was associated with a vasodilatation which coincided with the fall to the premorphine temperature level. 4 Morphine administered systemically also produced hyperthermia. This was only partially reversed by intrathecal naloxone. In animals made tolerant to the hyperthermic effects of systemic morphine, the intrathecal administration of naloxone produced a fall in body temperature. 5 Naloxone alone, administered either intrathecally or systemically, had no effect upon body temperature. 6 We suggest that morphine exerts a direct, pharmacologically specific effect on the spinal cord, which results in an altered thermoregulatory set point in the rat.
Do Feminist Identity Styles Moderate the Relation Between Perceived Sexist Events and Disordered Eating

Feminist consciousness is theorized to be a powerful resource against the detrimental effects of sexism. The present study examined whether feminist identity styles moderated the relation of perceived lifetime and recent sexist events to disordered eating for 256 college women. Using hierarchical moderated regression, we found two styles of feminist identity (i.e., synthesis and active commitment) buffered the relation between perceived sexist events and disordered eating; the three remaining styles of feminist identity did not moderate this relationship. For women low on synthesis and active commitment, both perceived lifetime and recent sexist events positively predicted disordered eating. In contrast, for women high on synthesis and active commitment, neither perceived lifetime nor recent sexist events predicted disordered eating. Our results substantiate extant theory that sexist events contribute more to the psychological distress of nonfeminist women than of feminist women.
A note on the generalized degrees of freedom under the L1 loss function

Generalized degrees of freedom measure the complexity of a modeling procedure; a modeling procedure is a combination of model selection and model fitting. In this manuscript, we consider two definitions of generalized degrees of freedom for a modeling procedure under the L1 loss function, and investigate the connections between those two definitions. We also propose the extended Akaike information criterion, the adaptive model selection, and the extended generalized cross-validation under the L1 loss function. Finally, we extend the results to M-estimation.
Opportunities for Petroleum Development in Arizona: ABSTRACT

Arizona may be divided into two principal parts on the basis of geological features. Most of the northern half, except in the extreme west, belongs to the Plateau province and is characterized by dominantly horizontal strata deformed by uplifts, downwarps, and high-angle faults. The remainder of the state belongs to the Basin-and-Range province, and is composed of linear ranges, mostly oriented with northwest-southeast trends, and separated by wide, deep valleys filled largely with Tertiary and later alluvium. Overthrusts and many compressional features are represented in the mountain structures. To date no significant petroleum discoveries have been made in Arizona. The Basin-and-Range portion, furthermore, offers encouragement for prospecting in few places. Its valleys, except possibly in the extreme southwestern part of the region, appear to be filled with continental sediments; deep water wells have exposed nothing to justify optimism. In contrast, certain features of the Plateau province favor more exploration in that area. Rocks similar in type and age to those forming parts of the plateau of northern Arizona have produced petroleum in adjoining areas of southern Utah and northwestern New Mexico. Studies of End_Page 2379------------------------------ the distribution and thickness of these strata and of possible basins of accumulation within them, are discussed. Recent developments in exploration of this area are briefly summarized. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2380------------
Pyrolysis of Mississippi lignite in a fixed bed

Abstract The lignite deposits in Mississippi make up approximately 25 percent of the Gulf Coast deposit. To date, the limited number of studies on this lignite have chiefly been by Phillips Coal [1] and investigators in Mississippi [2,3]. This lignite, which is high in ash and moisture, was pyrolyzed in a 2.54 cm (1 in.) diameter fixed bed pyrolyzer under a helium atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 400°C to 950°C. The loss of volatile matter increased with increasing ultimate temperature producing weight losses 20–25% greater than the proximate analysis at 900°C. The yield of tar was found to decrease with temperature while volumetric gas production increased with the ultimate temperature. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide yields increased dramatically above 750°C. The maximum yield of gas was 375 ml/g daf lignite and was achieved at and above 815°C.
The albite fusion curve re-examined: New experiments and the high-pressure density and compressibility of high albite and NaAlSi3O8 liquid

Experimental brackets on the melting temperature of high albite (NaAlSi3O8) were determined at 2.33 ± 0.03 GPa (1360-1370 °C) and 2.79 ± 0.03 GPa (1370-1389 °C) in a piston-cylinder apparatus. All run products that quenched to a glass were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and found to contain ≤500 ppm H2O. In addition, new X-ray diffraction experiments on fully disordered albite are reported to 7.6 GPa; the Þ tted results lead to a zero-pressure bulk modulus (K0) of 56.4 ± 0.7 and a pressure derivative (K0) of 3.9 ± 0.3 in a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. Revised values for the enthalpy and entropy of fusion of high albite at one bar and 1100 °C (∆HTf = 64.5 ± 2.1 kJ/mol and ∆STf = 47.0 J/(mol·K)) are recommended on the basis of improved heat capacity equations for NaAlSi3O8 glass and liquid. On the basis of these new results on the fusion curve and thermody- namic data for high albite, the pressure dependence of the NaAlSi3O8 liquid compressibility (K0) is constrained to be 10.8 ± 1.5 in a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. The uncertainty in K0 of ±1.5 contributes an error to melt density at 3 GPa (2.543 ± 0.010 g/cm 3 at 1500 °C) of ±0.4%.
Phase-induced transport in atomic gases: From superfluid to Mott insulator

Recent experimental realizations of artificial gauge fields for cold atoms are promising for generating steady states carrying a mass current in strongly correlated systems, such as the Bose-Hubbard model. Moreover, a homogeneous condensate confined by hard-wall potentials from laser sheets has been demonstrated, which provides opportunities for probing the intrinsic transport properties of isolated quantum systems. Using the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group, we analyze the effect of the lattice and interaction strength on the current generated by a quench in the artificial vector potential when the density varies from low values (continuum limit) up to integer filling in the Mott-insulator regime. There is no observable mass current deep in the Mott-insulator state as one may expect. Other observable quantities used to characterize the quasisteady state in the bulk of the system are the Drude weight and entanglement entropy production rate. The latter in particular provides a striking signature of the superfluid--Mott-insulator transition. Furthermore, an interesting property of the superfluid state is the formation of shock and rarefaction waves at the boundaries due to the hard-wall confining potentials. We provide results for the height and the speed of the shock front that propagates from the boundary toward the center of the lattice. Our results should be verifiable with current experimental capabilities.
In vitro effects of kainate on embryonic and posthatching chick retina

Abstract The onset and developmental pattern of kainate effects were determined in isolated embryonic and posthatching chick neural retinas exposed to KA (0.01–0.24 mM; 1–30 min) in vitro. Damage was first apparent in day 8 embryonic retinas; cells in the inner region of the inner nuclear layer and neuronal processes in the inner plexiform layer were affected. In older embryonic retinas, cells in the inner region of the inner nuclear layer continued to be the most damaged although cells in the ganglion cell layer and the outer region of the inner nuclear layer, and neurites in the outer plexiform layer were also affected. Cells in the outer nuclear layer stained normally in both embryonic and posthatching retinas. Partial reversibility of kainate effects was observed in retinas which had been exposed briefly to kainate and then allowed to recover in kainate-free medium. The results of our in vitro experiments are consistent with those reported for a variety of neonatal and adult retinas treated with kainate in vivo.
Fatigue failure of printed circuit board chemically etched copper traces in multifunctional composite structures

One class of multifunctional composite structures is one that is capable of load-bearing while transferring electrical current across a given span. An example is large antenna systems integrated into composite skins of aircraft and spacecraft. Current aircraft missions that require large amounts of sensing equipment can potentially involve heavy and bulky wiring systems. The bulk and mass inefficiency of these systems can be avoided by using multifunctional structures that mimic printed circuit boards to carry both load and electrical current for power or data. The fatigue life and failure modes of these types of systems were experimentally investigated to understand the capability of embedded metals inside composite host materials. ‘Dog bone’ specimens with copper traces were used to measure the fatigue life as a function of loading level. The specimens were fabricated by mass-production printed circuit board methods using woven glass/epoxy composite and chemically etched copper traces that were embedded...
Cervicomedullary astrocytomas of childhood: clinical and imaging follow-up

Background. Cervicomedullary astrocytomas are a unique subset of brainstem tumors in children because they have a good prognosis when compared to the pontine subset of brainstem gliomas. Objective. To review the clinical and imaging findings in a series of children with cervicomedullary astrocytomas as to diagnosis and management. Materials and methods. A retrospective review of eleven children (six females, five males, age range: 10 days-18 years; mean = 7 years) with cervicomedullary tumors was done including the clinical presentation, imaging studies (MR: eleven, CT and MR: four), surgical findings, pathological results, and follow-up clinical and imaging findings (range: 0.2–11 years; mean = 5.2 years). Results. Symptoms and signs were delayed and protracted, often occurring over months to years (mean = 2.3 years, range 0.5–7 years). The tumors expanded the dorsal medulla and involved the upper cervical spinal cord (mean maximum tumor diameter = 4.4 cm). Only three patients had hydrocephalus. In three of four cases the tumor was not seen on CT. On MR, the majority of the tumors were T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense. Treatment consisted of surgery only in six patients, surgery and radiation therapy in four, and surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation in one. There was recurrent local disease in four patients and on follow-up metastatic disease in the brain in one. On follow-up the majority of the patients are alive and stable (mean = 5.2 years, range 0.2–11 years). There has been one death. The majority of tumors were pilocytic astrocytomas. Conclusion. Cervicomedullary tumors are a unique subset of brainstem gliomas in childhood that present with a long duration of symptoms and a greater long-term survival than pontine gliomas.
Subsurface Geology of North Carolina-South Carolina Coastal Plain from Seismic Data

Sixty new seismic-refraction measurements on the Coastal Plain of North Carolina and South Carolina were made to fill gaps in existing well and geophysical data and to make a more comprehensive study of the nature and structure of the Coastal Plain floor. Thirty-nine measurements were made on the adjoining Piedmont Province to determine seismic velocities of specific rock types, thus aiding the assignment of lithologic types to basement velocities observed on the Coastal Plain. Seismic velocities observed for gneiss, schist, slate, and granitic rocks range from 15,900 feet per second to 19,200 feet per second (4.8 to 5.8 km./sec.); diabase velocities averaged 22,500 feet per second (6.8 km./sec.); Triassic sediments from 10,400 to 14,500 feet per second (3.2 to 4.4 km./sec.); and the highest velocity correlated with Cretaceous Coastal Plain sediments is 9,600 feet per second (2.9 km./sec.). The following conclusions are based on these studies. 1. Because basement lithologic trends and velocities are similar to those in the Piedmont, confirmed by deep wells, it is apparent that the Piedmont complex extends under the Coastal Plain sediments as far east as the present coast. 2. The Carolina Slate belt extends under the Coastal Plain and reaches a maximum width, 80 miles, in North Carolina, though the Triassic Deep River basin is in the middle. An eastern slate belt with northeast strike is postulated midway between the Fall Line and the coast under the Coastal Plain sediments. 3. The buried Florence Triassic basin is approximately 40 miles long on an east-northeast strike and limited in width to 13 miles. A new buried Triassic basin is postulated to extend from near Raeford into Johnson County, North Carolina. 4. The Cape Fear arch is a prominent basement structure with a seaward slope of 13 feet per mile on the axis. It is not reflected in the sea-level basement surface contour near the Fall Line. Sedimentary record suggests differential movement at least twice since Cretaceous time. 5. The pre-Cretaceous basement is a surface of erosion with topographic relief on the order of 200 feet. 6. The break in basement slope in eastern North Carolina must be projected seaward of Cape Fear and the South Carolina coast. 7. There is the suggestion of an east-west syncline superimposed on the steeper basement slope in eastern North Carolina and its existence is supported by a similar structure in the Coastal Plain sediments based on an earlier seismic-reflection surve .
Clinical use of the 3m 2.5 mm mechanical microcoupling device in free tissue transfer

The long-term patency of the 2.5 mm mechanical microvascular anastomotic device (the Unilink system) was evaluated in 10 cases of free flap transfer in nine patients between July 1991 and July 1993. Flap survival indicated adequate patency to time of healing. All cases were considered critical end-to-end venous anastomoses, without a parallel conventional microvascular hand-sewn anastomosis associated with the coupling device. The types of flaps used were seven rectus abdominous and one each of serratus anterior and lateral arm muscles and a free jejunum. There were no postoperative complications requiring reexploration. The 2.5 mm device had a rate of 100% flap take with complete healing at an average of 15 months postoper-atively. Selected Doppler flow studies depicted the coupler device in vivo with duplex scan verification of venous patency. The 2.5 mm coupler is a versatile anastomotic device for vessels with a diameter of 2.4–3.2 mm. This expands the applicability of the UNILINK system for use in larger diameter vessels. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cytochrome System of Streptomycetes

IT has recently been reported that the cytochrome System in the genus Streptomyces differs strikingly from that found in most aerobic cells1. No α-type cytochrome could be seen in the 10 species examined, and in some cases cytochrome c was also apparently missing. The suggestion2 that the respiratory chain may terminate with electron transfer from cytochrome b to oxygen was further supported by the partial purification of an autoxidizable cytochrome b. Since a similar ‘b-oxidase hypothesis’ has been invoked to account for the cyanide-resistant respiration in higher plants3,4, the Streptomycetes were re-examined with the view of shedding some light on this problem. However, a survey of representative Streptomyces species showed that their respiration can be inhibited by cyanide and further studies have shown that a-, b-, and c-type cytochromes are present in all cases.
Magnetic focusing of electrons and holes in bismuth

The electron and hole focusing effects in a magnetic field predicted by Pippard have been observed in bismuth. Two interlocking superconducting combs were evaporated onto the surface of a bismuth single crystal. The resistanceR(H) between the combs was measured with a superconducting voltmeter as a function of the magnetic fieldH applied parallel to the teeth of the combs. A local minimum in the resistance was observed when the magnetic field focused electrons or holes in extremal orbits between the teeth of different combs. A similar effect was observed when the combs were replaced by two parallel superconducting strips. In this case the dependence ofR(H) onH was in good qualitative agreement with the calculation of Goncalves da Silva on a model whose Fermi surface was topologically equivalent to that of bismuth. From the values ofH at which the minima occurred we have deduced estimates forD xe andD ze , the diameters of the principal electron ellipsoid along the binary and trigonal axes. We findD xe =(0.94±0.03)×10 −2 A −1 andD ze =(1.35±0.04)×10 −2 A−1. These values lie somewhat below other values in the literature. This discrepancy may occur because each minimum inR(H) occurs at a field slightly belowH 0, whereH 0 is the field for which the diameter of the extremal electron trajectory is equal to the separation of the superconducting strips.