cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Management Practices on Suppression of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Control in Flue-Cured Tobacco

Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) has become a major economic problem for tobacco growers in Georgia. Several species of thrips have been reported as vectors of TSWV. Three of these species, commonly observed on tobacco in Georgia, include Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), F. occidentalis (Pergande), and F. bispinosa (Morgan). This study examined the effectiveness of several thrips management practices on controlling thrips populations and suppressing the incidence of TSWV. Replicated field plots were used to evaluate aldicarb, acephate, imidacloprid, acibenzolar-S-methyl, spinosad, thiamethoxan alone and in combination, applied as pre-plant incorporated, tray drench, transplant water or foliar treatments. The insecticides imidacloprid (Admire® 2F or Provado® 1.6F) and thiamethoxan (Platinum 2® SC), applied in the transplant water or as a tray drench, were effective in reducing the early-season thrips populations and reducing the seasonal cumulative incidence of TSWV. These two products also were effective...
Acoustic wave transduction in gallium nitride heterostructures

This paper highlights development efforts in the use of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures for launching, receiving and amplifying surface acoustic waves. High-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are demonstrated in acoustic wave delay lines with conventional interdigital transducers (IDTs). The amplitude for the transmitted Rayleigh mode is modulated through appropriate HEMT biasing conditions for a common source configuration. Modifying carrier density in the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) generates dynamic screening of the piezoelectric field. This directly affects the generation and detection of surface acoustic waves. In addition, the interaction of carriers with the phonons at the 2DEG can generate amplification of the traveling acoustic wave.
Abstract WP38: Early Progressive Ischemia Predicts Worse Clinical Outcome In Acute Ischemic Stroke and Is Decreased With tPA Treatment

Background: While some ischemic stroke patients improve rapidly after onset, many show no improvement or even worsening in the first days after stroke. We hypothesized that development of brain reg...
Orbital debris momentum transfer in satellite shields following hypervelocity impact, and its application to environment validation

Abstract This paper describes a technique for estimating the momentum enhancement (K factor) after impact of orbital debris into dual wall shields using the SPHC hydrocode by measuring the velocity in the plates following impact after various normal and oblique impact conditions. By understanding the mass and shield characteristics of a satellite, the technique can be used to compare actual satellite altitude changes to changes predicted by the orbital debris environment, and thus validate the environment.
Is Forgiveness a Public Health Issue

An editorial is presented which addresses the author's views about the relationship between forgiveness and public health in America as of 2018, and it mentions the differences between decisional forgiveness and emotional forgiveness, as well as information about the psychological aspects of events such as a mass shooting incident at the Emmanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in South Carolina. The REACH model of forgiveness which deals with recall, empathy, and altruism is assessed.
Collective Face, Politeness Strategies, and Discomfort: Communication of American Domestic Students and Chinese International Students

This two-by-three between-subjects factorial study tested how American domestic students and Chinese international students responded to a scenario of performance failure by a friend whose membership varies across conditions. The study measured collective face, politeness strategies, and participants’ discomfort feelings. Robust findings were observed in the condition where Chinese participants imagined witnessing an ingroup-friend’s incompetence resulting in the strong correlation between collective face and discomfort. The cultural difference between these two groups regarding relating self-images to group-images is also observed. The implications of the study in assessing collective images, identities, and values for intercultural communication research are discussed.
Interaction of the Rous sarcoma virus protein pp60src with the cellular proteins pp50 and pp90.

Oncogenic retroviruses cause multiple and profound alterations in the morphology, metabolism, and growth control of cells. In most retrovirus infected cells, all of these complex changes in the cellular phenotype are mediated by a single virus-encoded gene product, referred to as the transforming protein. Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) has proven to be an ideal system for the analysis of events which occur following oncogenic transformation by retroviruses. RSV induces rapid sarcoma production after injection of virus in vivo and efficient and rapid transformation of cells in culture (HANAFUSA 1977). The transforming gene of RSV encodes a protein of Mr 60 000 which has been designated pp60 src (Brugge and Erikson 1977; Purchio et al. 1978). Genetic studies of viruses encoding mutant src gene products which induce a partially transformed phenotype suggest that interactions between pp60 src and multiple cellular targets are required to elicit a fully transformed phenotype (review, Sefton and Hunter 1984). This review will discuss one such interaction between pp60 src and host cell proteins. This interaction occurs between newly synthesized molecules of pp60 src and two cellular proteins of Mr 90 000 (pp90) and 50 000 (pp50). The kinetics and localization of this interaction suggest that the cellular pp90 and pp50 proteins are involved in some aspect of the processing of pp60 src before it reaches its residence in the plasma membrane (Courtneidge and Bishop 1982; BRUGGE et al. 1983). pp90 and pp50 have also been shown to associate with many retrovirus-encoded transforming proteins other than pp60 src (Lipsich et al. 1982; Adkins et al. 1982). This suggests that pp50 and pp90 may play a common role in the events which take place after transformation by at least one class of retrovirus transforming proteins.
The association of prenatal risk factors with childhood asthma

Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of maternal complications during pregnancy and prenatal exposures with childhood asthma among low-income families in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: Parents/guardians of children with and without asthma visiting a charity hospital were enrolled. Information about prenatal and perinatal exposures was collected. Univariable and multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the relationship of socio-demographic, maternal complications during pregnancy, access to prenatal care, and exposure to animals and pests while pregnant with childhood asthma. Results: Maternal symptoms of nocturnal cough (adjusted OR [aOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.60-5.14) and wheezing (aOR = 5.57, 95% CI = 2.32-13.37) during pregnancy significantly increased the odds of childhood asthma. The family history of asthma or hay fever, also elevated the odds of childhood asthma (adjusted OR [aOR] = 5.86 (3.03-11.34). The odds of asthma among children whose mothers received prenatal care by Dai, an unskilled health worker, were significantly elevated. Lastly, prenatal exposure to rats/mice and contact with goats while pregnant was significantly associated with childhood asthma. Whereas, prenatal exposure to cows/cattle reduces the odds of childhood asthma. Conclusions: This study identified important maternal and prenatal risk factors for childhood asthma, the majority of which are avoidable. Appropriate steps are needed to create awareness about the prenatal risk factors in this population.
Injuries among young workers in career-technical-vocational education and associations with per pupil spending

New Jersey Department of Education (NJDOE) requires by law for accidents/incidents (injury) involving career-technical-vocational education (CTE) students and staff to be reported within five business days to the NJ Safe Schools Program (NJSS) using an online surveillance system. NJ public schools and charter schools (CS) through school districts (SD) or county offices report school data annually to NJDOE, including per pupil spending (PPS). In this study, we examined potential associations of PPS with several variables on injury in NJ: injury cause, injury location on the body, injury type, injury severity, use of PPE, and location of treatment for injury. PPS data for December 1998–June 2015 from CTE SDs (one per NJ county, n = 21), four CS SD and eight county special services districts were analyzed. T-test examined potential differences in PPS regarding injury severity and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Stepwise logistic regression assessed potential associations between PPS and various injury surveillance variables. There were more CTE injuries reported among SD with lower PPS than among SD with higher PPS. Relatively less severe injuries, e.g., bruise/bumps and cuts/lacerations, more often occurred at schools and SD with higher PPS. Conversely, relatively more severe injuries, e.g., fractures, more often occurred at schools and SD with lower PPS. Future research should further investigate disparities regarding younger worker injuries reported within school-based career-technical-vocational education programs by PPS and other factors like sex or gender, severity, safety training provided and work experience at time of injury.
Development of a Robotic Limb for Underwater Mobile Manipulation

This paper presents the hardware design and development of the AquaSimian limb, a 7 degree of freedom robotic limb for performing manipulation tasks typical to the subsea servicing industry. Tasks are performed through a supervised autonomy framework that makes efficient use of operator input, 3D scene reconstructions, automated motion planning, and parameterized behaviors. The limb must robustly interact with its environment to perform tasks such as turning a subsea valve or inserting a hot stab. The limb features high power density actuators and a 6 degree of freedom force torque sensor. A custom 3-function robotic gripper mounted to the force torque sensor allows dexterous yet robust interaction with underwater task panels. The system includes capabilities to detect and autonomously respond to any leaks or motor faults by disconnecting motor power when the system is in an off-nominal state and notifying the operator through LED lighting on the Light Lids that seal the actuator assembly housings. This highly capable robotic limb serves as a testbed for JPL development of technologies for autonomous operation of mobile manipulation systems.
Racial differences in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among African American and Caucasian male veterans.

Objective Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most prevalent mental health diagnoses for veterans. Previous research as well as the minority stress model and transgenerational trauma theories, suggest that race may be associated with PTSD, particularly in veterans. The current study examined whether there were racial differences in symptomology in a sample of combat veterans with PTSD (global and symptom cluster-specific). Methods Data were collected from male veterans who identified as non-Hispanic Caucasian or non-Hispanic African American (N = 413). Participants completed the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist- Military version (PCL-M). The PCL-M items were split into four symptom clusters to align with the DSM-5: Re-experiencing, Avoidance, Numbing, and Hyperarousal. It was hypothesized that African American veterans would report more severe global PTSD symptoms and higher levels of hypervigilance. Results Findings indicated global PTSD symptoms and three of the four symptom clusters did not differ, although the symptom cluster of Re-experiencing was found to be higher for African Americans compared to Caucasians. Conclusions It may be helpful for researchers to broaden their methods of assessing PTSD symptomology, such as to examine specific PTSD symptom clusters, especially when assessing differences by race.
Following the Market? Hedonic Farmland Valuation Using Sales Prices versus Self-reported Values

Many farmland valuation studies rely on survey estimates to form the dependent variable in a first-stage hedonic model. This study, based in New York State, provides a microscale comparison of transaction prices and producers’ market value estimates from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s June Area Survey. Although we find similar weighted value distributions, regression results identify differences in marginal effect estimates and illustrate how market thinness plays a role in the comparability of observed transaction prices and self-reported values. The findings have implications for future hedonic studies, including insights into behavioral differences concerning how farmers and market participants perceive the value of farmland.
A Rare Case of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosisin a Young Adult Male with Mediastinal MixedGerm Cell Tumor

Child development is a process where the level of maturation reached by a child within his age group can be recognized and quantified [1]...
Medical Decision Support to Reduce Unwarranted Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Genetic Testing

Most major national medical associations have advised against routine MTHFR testing since at least 2013. However, many providers continue to order this unwarranted genetic test. This study assessed the efficacy of an electronic best practice alert to aid ordering providers. We tracked the rate of MTHFR tests ordered per 1 million patients in the twelve months before and after the implementation of an alert that suggested an alternative test. Associated factors including the ordering department, diagnosis, patient sex, and patient age were also analyzed. Chi square analysis was used to compare the difference between pre- and post-alert test ordering rates. A total of 997 MTHFR analysis were ordered in Southern California Kaiser Permanente from January 2017 through December 2018. Overall, the average MTHFR monthly test ordering rates dropped significantly from 12.93 per million patients in 2017 to 7.08 per million patients in 2018 (p = 0.0056). However, testing rates in children were unchanged and, in some associated diagnoses, such as psychiatric illnesses and neurodevelopmental conditions, the testing rates increased. Recommending an alternate test in lieu of the unwarranted one significantly reduced the overall rate of MTHFR testing. The alert was most effective for specialties and diagnoses where MTHFR was historically medically indicated. This suggests such alerts are an effective intervention that health care systems can implement to serve as an educational update and to reduce unwarranted genetic testing.
Refocusing ethnographic museums through oceanic lenses

Philipp Schorch’s new monograph is an insightful and thought-provoking addition to the growing body of scholarly literature on museum studies in the Pacific. Both areas of study – Pacific Island st...
Unpacking the Invisible Military Backpack

Educators in the United States have failed in teaching about war. Educators have failed to teach broadly enough, consistently enough, and with the sense of urgency demanded by the immense destruction of the United States’ Post-9/11 Wars. In the spirit of exchanging ideas, strategies, and inspiration, this article offers 56 suggestions for teaching about war. While the suggestions are focused on people teaching about U.S. wars, they can be applied by anyone teaching about war anywhere, at any level, in any field, for any length of time. The article discusses how much of the violence of war is similar to the “invisible knapsack” Peggy McIntosh identifies in her classic article “White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack.” War is not the same as whiteness, but war, militarization, and militarism shape our daily lives in profound but often invisible ways. In this context, educators can help make war visible and contribute to movements to end current wars and stop future ones.
Antisubjugation and the Equal Protection of the Laws

This Article challenges 150 years of conventional wisdom regarding whether the Fourteenth Amendment protects people against “private” violence and secures “positive” rights to governmental aid. The conventional wisdom is that it does neither; this Article argues that it does both. More specifically, it contends that (1) the original meaning of the Equal Protection Clause imposes an affirmative duty on states to protect the life, liberty, and property of all people; (2) the original function of the Clause was to prevent subjugation of people’s lives, bodies, and possessions by state and nonstate actors; and (3) the Supreme Court has since its 1883 decision in the Civil Rights Cases misinterpreted the letter and undermined the spirit of the Equal Protection Clause by denying (1) and neglecting (2). Scholars have long criticized the Court’s reasoning in The Civil Rights Cases and more recent state-action and positive-rights decisions like DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services and United States v. Morrison. But the leading alternative theories of the Equal Protection Clause either deny that the Fourteenth Amendment contains any state-action/no-positive-rights limitations or hold that equal protection of the laws entails only a narrow duty to protect people against violence. Against the former, I ground my constitutional objection to the state-action doctrine in the original meaning of the Equal Protection Clause. Against the latter, I claim that the affirmative duty to protect guarantees not only protection against violence but protection against other forms of subjugation—that is, subjection of the bodies and possessions of some to the untrammeled will of others. An arrestee may be subjugated through a physically coercive police interrogation; an evictee may be subjugated through a civil proceeding that deprives them of their home; a criminal defendant may be subjugated by being detained owing to failure to make bail. Putting constitutional theory in conversation with ongoing social movements, I suggest that the “Civil Gideon” movement and the Movement for Black Lives might find constitutional resources in the letter and the spirit of the Equal Protection Clause. Finally, I propose that Congress is best-situated among federal institutional decisionmakers to thwart subjugation and that the Court’s lack of confidence in its own institutional competence ought no longer serve as an excuse for disabling Congress from enforcing the Equal Protection Clause.
Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc. - Brief of 72 Intellectual Property Scholars as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioner

Until the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit’s 2014 Oracle decision, software developers felt free to compete and innovate in the development of compatible software because major decisions from the Courts of Appeals for the Second and Ninth Circuits had established that copyright law does not protect software interfaces that enable the development of compatible programs. These cases and their progeny recognized that unlike conventional literary works, computer programs are highly utilitarian. They embody many copyright-unprotectable elements, such as compatibility-enabling interfaces, that must be filtered out before making infringement determinations. Programs consequently receive a relatively “thin” scope of copyright protection to ensure that subsequent programmers can freely reuse unprotectable elements in developing their own programs. As a matter of copyright law, the pro-compatibility decisions are sound as they facilitate fair competition by those who write new code while preserving copyright’s role in protecting software from piracy and other wrongful appropriations. The Federal Circuit’s 2014 Oracle decision was a radical departure from these precedents and directly contradicts their rulings. It adopted an unduly narrow view of this Court’s ruling in Baker v. Selden, 101 U.S. 99 (1880), which excluded methods, systems, and their constituent elements from copyright’s scope. It ignored Congress’ codification of the method/system exclusions. It misconstrued the case law properly interpreting those exclusions in relation to program interfaces. The Federal Circuit also misapplied the merger doctrine and case law persuasively holding that interfaces that enable compatibility are unprotectable by copyright law. Because of the Federal Circuit’s numerous errors in analyzing Google’s copyrightability defense, this Court should overturn its ruling. Programmers should have to write their own implementation code, as Google did, but interfaces that enable compatibility should be free from copyright restrictions.
Quantum metrics from traces on full matrix algebras

We prove that, in the sense of the Gromov–Hausdorff propinquity, certain natural quantum metrics on the algebras of (n×n)-matrices are separated by a positive distance when n is not prime.
Medulloblastoma drugs in development: Current leads, trials and drawbacks

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Current treatment for MB includes surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite significant progress in its management, a portion of children relapse and tumor recurrence carries a poor prognosis. Based on their molecular and clinical characteristics, MB patients are clinically classified into four groups: Wnt, Hh, Group 3, and Group 4. With our increased understanding of relevant molecular pathways disrupted in MB, the development of targeted therapies for MB has also increased. Targeted drugs have shown unique privileges over traditional cytotoxic therapies in balancing efficacy and toxicity, with many of them approved and widely used clinically. The aim of this review is to present the recent progress on targeted chemotherapies for the treatment of all classes of MB.
An Adversarially-Learned Turing Test for Dialog Generation Models

The design of better automated dialogue evaluation metrics offers the potential of accelerate evaluation research on conversational AI. However, existing trainable dialogue evaluation models are generally restricted to classifiers trained in a purely supervised manner, which suffer a significant risk from adversarial attacking (e.g., a nonsensical response that enjoys a high classification score). To alleviate this risk, we propose an adversarial training approach to learn a robust model, ATT (Adversarial Turing Test), that discriminates machine-generated responses from human-written replies. In contrast to previous perturbation-based methods, our discriminator is trained by iteratively generating unrestricted and diverse adversarial examples using reinforcement learning. The key benefit of this unrestricted adversarial training approach is allowing the discriminator to improve robustness in an iterative attack-defense game. Our discriminator shows high accuracy on strong attackers including DialoGPT and GPT-3.
Queer expectations: An empirical critique of rural LGBT+ narratives:

Much of the body of literature on LGBT+ populations within the United States place urban areas and so-called gayborhoods as goals and eventualities, paralleling early US studies on immigration. Usi...
Despite O'Bannon Ruling, Antitrust Debate Won't Go Away

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit ruled in the much publicized O'Bannon case that pitted former NCAA athletes against the association on compensation rules for an athlete's name, image and likeness (NILs).
Recognizing Orientation Slip in Human Demonstrations

Manipulations of a constrained object often use a non-rigid grasp that allows the object to rotate relative to the end effector. This orientation slip strategy is often present in natural human demonstrations, yet it is generally overlooked in methods to identify constraints from such demonstrations. In this paper, we present a method to model and recognize prehensile orientation slip in human demonstrations of constrained interactions. Using only observations of an end effector, we can detect the type of constraint, parameters of the constraint, and orientation slip properties. Our method uses a novel hierarchical model selection method that is informed by multiple origins of physics-based evidence. A study with eight participants shows that orientation slip occurs in natural demonstrations and confirms that it can be detected by our method.
Analysis of Proteomic Characteristics of Peripheral Blood in Preeclampsia and Study of Changes in Fetal Arterial Doppler Parameters Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles

Background Traditional mass spectrometry detection methods have low detection efficiency for low-abundance proteins, thus limiting the application of proteomic analysis in the diagnosis of preeclampsia. Magnetic nanomaterials have good superparamagnetism and have obvious advantages in the field of biological separation and enrichment. Aim The objective of this study is to explore the value of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the proteomic analysis of preeclampsia. Materials and methods 42 patients and 40 normal pregnant women were selected in this study for analysis. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed to evaluate the function of these differential proteins. Proteomic analysis was used to analyze the differential proteins. Color Doppler ultrasound technology was used to detect changes in the blood flow of the fetal umbilical artery and cerebral artery. Results 16 differential proteins in the serum of pregnant women with preeclampsia and normal pregnant women were detected. The 16 proteins are mainly related to angiogenesis and endothelial function proteins, coagulation cascade proteins, placental growth factor, and so on. Biological function analysis revealed that these proteins are mainly enriched in the nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Moreover, our data suggested that compared with the fetus in the uterus of normal pregnant women, the umbilical artery S/D, PI, and RI of the fetus in preeclampsia were greatly increased, and the cerebral artery S/D, PI, and RI were greatly decreased. Conclusion Biological function analysis revealed that 16 proteins are mainly enriched in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Compared with the normal group, the umbilical artery S/D, PI, and RI of the preeclampsia group were greatly increased, and the cerebral artery S/D, PI, and RI were all greatly reduced. Our findings provided a more comprehensive reference for us to study the mechanism of preeclampsia at the molecular level and also provide data support for the screening of relevant markers for early diagnosis of preeclampsia.
Biology of Mollicutes

Mollicutes are bacteria that lack a cell wall, one of the principal cellular and morphological structures of most prokaryotes. These wall-less organisms, earlier called either “pleuropneumonia-like organisms” or “mycoplasmas”, are also the smallest free-living, self-replicating forms currently known in biology. They share a small size and filterability with a number of viruses, which helps explain why many mollicutes were earlier mistaken for viruses. On the other hand, mollicutes are structurally different from viruses and are capable of sustained growth on cell-free media of varying complexity. Within the past twenty-five years, an enormous increase in our knowledge and understanding of mollicutes has taken place. These microbial forms are now known to occur in most vertebrates, in numerous insect and other arthropods, and within and on the surfaces of many plants. While it is also obvious now that many of these organisms can be considered part of the normal commensal flora of the host, other mollicutes have become well established pathogens of man, animals, plants, and arthropods.
Evaluation of immunosorbents for the analysis of small molecules : Isolation and purification of cytokinins

Abstract This paper describes the preparation and evaluation of immunosorbents for the isolation of cytokinins. The nature of both the solid support and the linkage chemistry affected the non-specific adsorption of sample contaminants and the characteristics of the immobilized antibody. All of the immunosorbents investigated provided sufficient purification of cytokinins for high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis with no further clean-up. This demonstrates a rapid and powerful purification method for small molecules for which antibodies can be generated. As a consequence, the procedures described for the immobilization of cytokinin antibodies are generally applicable to the preparation of immunosorbents.
The verb (strong)

The past tense of strong verbs is indicated by some difference from the present in the vowel of the stem. First let us note how a typical strong verb is conjugated in the past
Adult Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors

Background Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) are highly malignant neoplasms that rarely occur in adults. Due to the complex histology of AT/RTs, the differential diagnosis of these tumors is quite challenging and increasingly relies on demonstration of characteristic SMARCB1/INI1 inactivation in tumor cells. Case Description A 51-year-old man presented with diplopia, lethargy, and memory deficit owing to Parinaud syndrome and hydrocephalus. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a T2-hyperintense and homogeneously enhancing tectal mass that extended to the pineal region. Initial biopsy suggested a World Health Organization grade II myxopapillary astrocytoma. However, subsequent definitive resection revealed an AT/RT, with loss of SMARCB1/INI1 observed through immunohistochemical staining as well as array cytogenetic analysis. Molecular profiling revealed additional mutations in RHPN2 L385I , MDM4 D396G , FLT3 V194M , and NPRL3 D53N . Conclusions Pathologic diagnoses in the modern era increasingly integrate molecular data for confirmation as well as prognostication. We present a rare case of a tectal AT/RT in an adult patient and report several novel mutations previously unrecognized in this tumor subtype, in addition to canonical S MARCB1/INI1 loss. Further investigation of these novel variants may improve understanding of the pathogenesis underlying AT/RTs.
Direct Product Branching Processes and Related Induced Markoff Chains

In this paper we introduce a class of finite state Markoff chains of special structure which includes many cases of interest in applications. For these chains we will determine a full set of eigenvalues (Sections 3 and 4) and provide their probabilistic interpretations (Section 5) which in the present context is rather striking. An intrinsic characterization of these processes and some associated limit theorems will be elaborated in a separate publication (see also [4]).
Four broad temperament dimensions: description, convergent validation correlations, and comparison with the Big Five

A new temperament construct based on recent brain physiology literature has been investigated using the Fisher Temperament Inventory (FTI). Four collections of behaviors emerged, each associated with a specific neural system: the dopamine, serotonin, testosterone and estrogen/oxytocin system. These four temperament suites have been designated: 1) Curious/Energetic, 2) Cautious/Social Norm Compliant, 3) Analytical/Tough-minded, and 4) Prosocial/Empathetic temperament dimensions. Two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have suggested that the FTI can measure the influence of these neural systems. In this paper, to further the behavioral validation and characterization of the four proposed temperament dimensions, we measured correlations with five variables: 1) gender; 2) level of education; 3) religious preference; 4) political orientation; 5) the degree to which an individual regards sex as essential to a successful relationship. Subjects were 39,913 anonymous members of a US Internet dating site and 70,000+ members in six other countries. Correlations with the five variables characterize the Fisher Temperament Inventory and are consistent with mechanisms using the proposed neuromodulators. We also report on an analysis between the FTI and the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, using a college sample (n=215), which showed convergent validity. The results provide novel correlates not available in other questionnaires: religiosity, political orientation and attitudes about sex in a relationship. Also, an Eigen analysis replicated the four clusters of co-varying items. The FTI, with its broad systems and non-pathologic factors complements existing personality questionnaires. It provides an index of some brain systems that contribute to temperament, and may be useful in psychotherapy, business, medicine, and the legal community.
Subcontinental Structure in the Light of Seismological Evidence

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the subcontinental structure using seismological evidence. Several methods employed to investigate the subcontinental structure are refraction method, the reflection method, methods of computation, and dispersion of surface waves. The chapter also discusses the concepts of earthquakes, its reflection, and dispersions from the perspective of different geologists. The study of waves recorded on seismographs from explosions has the advantage over earthquake studies in that the position of the source is known. Frequently, when the explosion is not accidental, arrangements have been made to record the exact time of the explosion. It was realized earlier that such observations would lead to a final and exact interpretation of Earth structure. However, it has only led to the conclusion that the Earth is quite varied in its constitution. The chapter also presents several earthquake explosions such as Oppau explosion, quarry blasts in Germany, and La Courtine in France.
Zur Biographie Thomas Manns: Beiträge 1995–1998

Der folgende Bericht erganzt die Berichte (»review articles«) »Neues zur Biographie Thomas Manns 1995 I«, OL 51, 1996, 369–380, »1995 II«, OL 52, 1997, 211–219 und »1996,«OL 52, 1997, 352–358 und setzt diese fort. Ein Bericht uber Beitrage 1999 folgt. Seitenzahlen im Text beziehen sich auf das jeweils besprochene Werk; GW mit Band und Seitenzahl auf Thomas Mann, Gesammelte Werke, Frankfurt a.M.: S. Fischer, 1960/1974.
Methods for the isolation and characterization of constituents of natural products: X. New and improved methods for the analysis of carbonyl 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones and 2,4-dinitrophenylosazones

Abstract New and improved thin-layer and column adsorption and partition chromatographic systems are described for classifying and separating series of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone and bis(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones). Improved and simplified thin-layer adsorption chromatographic methods for separating classes of monocarbonyls (methyl ketones, saturated aldehydes, 2-enals, and 2,4-dienals) and dicarbonyls (α-diketones, α-ketoaldehydes, and glyoxal) are outlined. Partition systems employing a neutral and a basic stationary phase are presented.
A new genomic duplication syndrome complementary to the velocardiofacial (22q11 deletion) syndrome

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis can reveal undetected chromosomal rearrangements. We report a patient with cleft palate, hydronephrosis, and minor dysmorphic features, including low-set posteriorly rotated ears, down-slanting palpebral fissures, mandibular micrognathia, and brachymesophalangia. Routine chromosome analysis identified no abnormality of chromosome 22; FISH analysis with the TUPLE1 probe disclosed an interstitial duplication of 22q11.2. FISH analysis did not reveal the duplication on the initial testing of metaphase chromosomes, although, on review, the area was brighter on one chromosome in each metaphase spread. FISH analysis of interphase cells showed three TUPLE1-probe sites with two chromosome-specific identification probes in each cell. Family history showed two older full siblings, a brother with behavior problems, oppositional defiant disorder, and learning problems and a sister with hydronephrosis and mild delays. The father and both siblings had similar facial features, and all three had the same interstitial duplication of the TUPLE1 probe. This family illustrates the novel complementary duplication syndrome of the velocardiofacial syndrome, which adds it to the expanding list of genomic deletion/duplication syndromes. The laboratory results further show the utility and need for careful analysis of interphase cells even in samples where good quality metaphases are available.
Molecular Cloning of Human and Rat Complementary DNA Encoding Androgen Receptors

Complementary DNAs (cDNAs) encoding androgen receptors were obtained from human testis and rat ventral prostate cDNA libraries. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequences of the cDNAs indicated the presence of a cysteine-rich DNA-binding domain that is highly conserved in all steroid receptors. The human cDNA was transcribed and the RNA product was translated in cell-free systems to yield a 76-kilodalton protein. The protein was immunoprecipitable by human autoimmune antibodies to the androgen receptor. The protein bound androgens specifically and with high affinity.
Multimodal pain management after total hip and knee arthroplasty at the Ranawat Orthopaedic Center.

Improvements in pain management techniques in the last decade have had a major impact on the practice of total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA). Although there are a number of treatment options for postoperative pain, a gold standard has not been established. However, there appears to be a shift towards multimodal approaches using regional anesthesia to minimize narcotic consumption and to avoid narcotic-related side effects. Over the last 10 years, we have used intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), femoral nerve block (FNB), and continuous epidural infusions for 24 and 48 hours with and without FNB. Unfortunately, all of these techniques had shortcomings, not the least of which was suboptimal pain control and unwanted side effects. Our practice has currently evolved to using a multimodal protocol that emphasizes local periarticular injections while minimizing the use of parenteral narcotics. Multimodal protocols after THA and TKA have been a substantial advance; they provide better pain control and patient satisfaction, lower overall narcotic consumption, reduce hospital stay, and improve function while minimizing complications. Although no pain protocol is ideal, it is clear that patients should have optimum pain control after TKA and THA for enhanced satisfaction and function.
Characterization of a glucocorticoid responsive element and identification of an AT-rich element that regulate the link protein gene

The cartilage matrix is composed of characteristic components including type II collagen, aggrecan and link protein. In this paper, we report two DNA elements that regulate the link protein gene. Using transient transfection assays with link protein gene constructs in chondrocytes, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) assays were used to measure the transcriptional activity of the link protein gene. Previously, we identified an enhancer-like activity within the first intron of the gene. In this paper, we report an active 34 bp (+1390 to +1424) fragment within this region that contains a glucocorticoid-like response element (GRE). Both deletion of, and site-specific mutations within this sequence motif reduced the dexamethasone-inducible activity. The GRE-like sequence from the rat link protein gene, or the homologous sequence from the human link protein gene were included in vectors containing the thymidine kinase promoter linked to the CAT gene (tkCAT). Both human and rat elements transferred the ability to respond to dexamethasone and hydrocortisone with a > 10-fold induction. Deletions through the promoter from -923 to -900 identified a second site required for both glucocorticoid and serum responsiveness. A four base substitution at this site resulted in a loss of serum responsiveness. This region contains an AT-rich element, similar to the AT-rich elements involved in homeotic protein regulation of the growth hormone gene and the muscle creatine kinase gene. Southwestern analysis using oligonucleotides containing the AT-rich element from the link protein gene or the muscle creatine kinase gene, identified a 32 kDa protein band from nuclear extracts of chick chondrocytes. Using these AT-rich oligonucleotides in band-shift analyses, nuclear extracts of chick sternal muscle, rat chondrosarcoma and chick sternal chondrocytes each showed formation of different complexes suggesting cell specificity. AT-rich elements have been identified as binding sites for homeodomain-containing proteins and can contribute to gene regulation by serum response factors. The identification of an AT-rich element in the link protein gene suggests similar functions for this element.
A Modified Sine Condition For Grazing Incidence Optics

The high quality of some experimental x-ray images formed at grazing incidence by a single reflecting surface raises some questions about the interpretation of Abbe's sine condition. In standard textbooks Abbe's sine condition is usually derived for the refractive case. What if any changes in its form or interpretation occur in the case of reflection and in particular grazing incidence reflection. A commonly encountered form of Abbe's sine condition is n'y' sin θ' - ny sin θ = 0 where n and n' are the refractive indices of object and image space respectively. Since the product of refractive index and geometrical length is defined as an optical path-length, one sees in the statement of Abbe's sine condition essentially a restatement of Fermat's principle. Any application of the zero form of Abbe's sine condition would rule out the single reflector as a good imaging device free of coma at grazing incidence because θ increases as e' decreases. By making use of a geometrical construction dating back to a Thomas Young publication, circa 1807, a modified sine relationship applicable to reflection at grazing incidence can be formulated as n'y' sin θ' - ny sin θ = yy'/f where f is the focal length. Using an error analysis procedure the modified sine relationship can be put into a more practical form and the results tabulated for a range of focal lengths f in cm, objects heights y in microns and magnifications M. Experimental results for a single reflector adjusted to satisfy the modified sine condition at grazing incidence will be shown.
Computerization and control: ICTs and managerial reform in the Thai public sector

Information infrastructures, old and new, have long been central to relations of control in large and complex bureaucracies. Beyond their effects on organizational forms and procedures, new information infrastructures often produce new practices, ambitions, and contradictions of managerialism: namely, the extension and deepening of management and oversight capacities at multiple levels of organizational function. This paper explores managerial practices and tensions accompanying recent digital government development efforts in the Thai public sector, with particular attention to new forms and resistances to control accompanying or embedded in apparently neutral technological change.
Interpersonal Affirmation and Self-authenticity: A Test of Rogers's Self-growth Hypothesis

Interpersonal relationships, including romantic attachments, are vital for personal well-being. Likewise, characteristics of the self, including one's sense of self-authenticity, influence human flourishing. Integrating these two perspectives, the current research builds on Rogers's (1961) notion that a close, supportive relationship can foster positive changes in the self. We propose a model that connects patterns of interpersonal affirmation (as described by the Michelangelo phenomenon) with increased self-authenticity. We tested this model using a correlational design and responses from undergraduates currently in dating relationships (60 males, 27 females). Structural equation modeling revealed that interpersonal processes promote self-authenticity inasmuch as individuals perceive their partners as being supportive. The model's implications for the interplay between self and other are discussed.
Temporal and spatial variability of copper complexation by strong chelators in the Sargasso Sea

Copper(II) complexation in the upper water column was studied at the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Station (BATS) from January 1992 to March 1993, and in the southern Sargasso Sea in April 1992, using adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (ACSV). Copper titration data, analysed using a one ligand model, indicated that speciation was dominated by a strong ligand or ligand class, with a conditional stability constant of 1013.2. Total concentrations of copper and ligand were very similar, ranging from 0.9 nM to 2 nM. Concentrations of free cupric ion (Cuf2+) varied widely in the upper water column depending on whether Cu exceeded the ligand concentration or vice versa. Temporal and spatial variability in these parameters showed trends with hydrographic and biological parameters consistent with biological production and near-surface photochemical decomposition of the strong ligand. Under well stratified oligotrophic conditions, such as those prevailing year round at the southern Sargasso station and in the summer and autumn at BATS, the ligand showed a subsurface maxima coinciding roughly with the chlorophyll maximum. Ligand concentrations decreased below total Cu concentrations in the mixed layer, leading to pronounced increases in Cuf2+ concentrations. However, samples collected at BATS during or following periods of intense vertical mixing and biological activity showed excess ligand concentration throughout the upper water column and extremely low cupric ion concentrations. The spatial and temporal variability of the strong ligand at BATS is similar to that observed by Coale and Bruland (1990) in the NE Pacific, suggesting that Cu speciation in both regions is controlled by common processes. However, in that study, copper concentrations were always below the ligand concentration, so cupric ion concentrations did not display the great variability observed in the Sargasso Sea in this study.
Interactive voxelized epipolar shadow volumes

Current algorithms for rendering shadows inside participating media hit a bottleneck when computing light visibility throughout the media. These algorithms rely either on sampling along viewing rays, often thrashing memory caches, or slower analytic solutions using object-space computations, such as shadow volumes. We present a new cache-coherent sampling technique that computes volumetric light visibility that requires as little as one texture lookup per pixel. We efficiently voxelize shadow volumes in epipolar-space using standard parallel scan operations. The only step dependent on geometric complexity is an image-space voxelization [Eisemann and Decoret 2006] that often takes under a millisecond. This allows us to render shadows in participating media at up to 300 frames per second.
Cosmological model with expansion, shear, and vorticity

A homogeneous, cosmological model with expansion, shear, and small vorticity is presented. For large times vorticity and anisotropy become small. An expression is derived for the temperature and red shift of blackbody radiation for spatially homogeneous spacetimes. It is used to study the effect of shear and vorticity on the background microwave radiation in the open model presented here. G\"odel's theorem on galaxy counts in closed rotating universes is generalized to include open models as well.