cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Epidemiological Study of Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Among Coke Oven Workers

Recent studies of mortality among coke plant workers indicate that there is an excess of respiratory cancer among men employed at the coke ovens and that the mortality is related to work areas and length of exposure to coal tar effluents, the body of information presented in this paper is directed to categorization of coke oven jobs into different work areas in terms of exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles developing an index of cumulative exposure to investigate the dose-response relationship between exposure and mortality. The exposure data have been taken from a study conducted by the Pennsylvania Department of Health, State Division of Occupational Health, and mortality data are based on a long-term study of steelworkers, conducted by the Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh. A summary index calculated for each worker combining the level of exposure and length of time exposed indicates that, as expected, both these factors are related to the development of cancer, particularly cancers...
Role of muscle relaxants in pediatric anesthesia.

Purpose of reviewChanges in practice and the development of new anesthetic drugs have influenced the use of muscle relaxants in children. This article reviews these developments, and defines the current role and factors affecting the choice of muscle relaxant drugs in pediatric anesthesia.Recent fin
A Long Distance CAMAC Branch via Data-Link and Microprogrammed Branch Driver

An unusual solution to the problem of remote operation of CAMAC data systems has been implemented at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF). Data-link communications from a remote CAMAC system, controlled only by a Microprogrammed Branch Driver (MBD), to another CAMAC system coupled to a digital computer, can effectively extend the CAMAC branch highway to several hundred meters.
Some Issues in Assessing Human Fertility

(2000). Some Issues in Assessing Human Fertility. Journal of the American Statistical Association: Vol. 95, No. 449, pp. 300-303.
Quantum confined luminescence in Si/SiO2 superlattices

Abstract Amorphous Si/SiO2 superlattices with periodicities between 2 and 5 nm have now been grown on (1 00) Si wafers by several different techniques: molecular beam epitaxy, magnetron sputtering, and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). With the first two methods little or no hydrogen is incorporated during growth and visible photo-luminescence (PL) is obtained at wavelengths from 520 to 800 nm. The shift in the PL peak position with Si layer thickness is consistent with quantum confined band-to-band recombination. Annealing the sputtered superlattices at temperatures up to 1100°C results in a very bright red PL that is similar in intensity to that observed in porous Si samples. For large numbers of periods (e.g., 425) the PL is strongly modulated in intensity owing to optical interference within the superlattice. Similar quantum confined, but defect induced, PL is also observed in the PECVD grown superlattices, where the amorphous Si layers are heavily hydrogenated.
Holistic Medicine Not “Torture”: Performing Acupuncture in Galway, Ireland

This article examines how the aesthetic design of clinics and interactive discourse and rituals construct the social reality of acupuncture sessions as a form of holistic medical therapy. Verbal and nonverbal interactions create an appealing medical environment but also help prevent the emergence of undesired counter-realities (e.g., pain, biomedical intervention). Based on observations of acupuncture sessions conducted in Galway, Ireland, I illustrate how ambiance and aesthetic elements of clinics create a complex medico-cultural environment that balances oppositional associations (Western/non-Western, exoticism/convention, medical alterity/medical professionalism). Patients interviewed continually referred to acupuncture as a natural and non-invasive form of medical treatment. This suggests that interpersonal discourse and aesthetic design play key roles in how patients define acupuncture treatment, and that these ephemeral agents may also influence how patients come to define efficacy.
Characterization of the tumour necrosis factor receptor in human placenta

A specific receptor for tumour necrosis factor present in a purified plasma membrane preparation from the villous tissue of human placenta has been characterized. The data fit a one-class-of-sites model exhibiting a KD = 28.4 (± 0.002) nm, with 8.1 (±0. 05) × 1011 receptors mg−1 membrane protein. These data provide evidence for the existence of a specific receptor for a major endotoxin-induced cytokine in the placenta.
An Invariance Principle for Progressively Truncated Likelihood Ratio Statistics.

In the context of time-sequential tests based on likelihood ratio statistics, weak convergence (in the Skorokhod as well as the sup-norm metric) of progressively truncated likelihood ratio statistics (to appropriate Wiener processes) is established through the construction of a continuous time-parameter martingale process. The case of local (contiguous) alternative hypotheses is also treated. The results are extended to the multiparameter case as well.
Laser-Induced Matrix Isolation Fluorescence Spectrometry of Methyl and Methoxyl Derivatives of Benzo[a]pyrene

The narrow bandwidth radiation of a tunable dye laser is used to excite selectively the quasilinear absorption bands exhibited by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) isolated in vapor-deposited n-alkane matrices at 15 K. The analytical utility of matrix isolation Shpol'skii fluorometry for the resolution of multicomponent PAH samples is investigated, using nonpolar derivatives of benzo[a]pyrene as prototypes. Quantitative aspects, including the absence of aggregation and energy-transfer phenomena, also are discussed.
Search for time reversal invariance violation in neutron transmission

Time reversal invariance violating (TRIV) effects in neutron transmission through a nuclear target are discussed. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a class of experiments that are free from false asymmetries. We discuss the enhancement of TRIV effects for neutron energies corresponding to p-wave resonances in the compound nuclear system. Finaly, we analyze a model experiment and show that such tests can have a discovery potential of 102-104 compared to current limits.
‘Why did they vote for those guys again?’ Challenges and contradictions in the promotion of political moderation in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina

Party assistance in Bosnia and Herzegovina has focused on encouraging multi-ethnic and moderate mono-ethnic parties by placing funding and political restrictions on ethnonationalist parties while providing technical assistance and public support to those parties with less nationalist agendas. However, multi-ethnic parties have met with very limited electoral success and moderate mono-ethnic parties have found electoral success primarily by radicalizing their political discourse to match that of nationalist parties. This study provides evidence for the effect of international intervention drawn from patterns of electoral support for multi-ethnic and moderate mono-ethnic parties in canton, entity and national elections from the 2006 general elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis shows that even voters who are predisposed to vote for multi-ethnic parties are much less likely to choose non-nationalist parties in elections where parties representing other ethnicities also compete. As a result, there...
Congenital Cyst of the Pancreas

The case of a 4-month-old girl with a rare multilocular congenital pancreatic cyst is presented, along with radiological/pathological correlation and a review of the literature. Congenital cyst of the pancreas is a rare lesion most often seen in infant girls, although it may be demonstrated in utero. Conventional radiographic signs and clinical symptoms primarily reflect mass effects, whereas imaging modalities show the cystic nature of the mass. Although rare, this cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of fetal and pediatric cystic abdominal masses.
Acute phase and five-year follow-up study of fluoxetine in adolescents with major depression and a comorbid substance use disorder: A review☆

This paper reviews the results of an acute phase trial and a five-year follow-up study of fluoxetine in adolescents with major depression and a substance use disorder (SUD). This study included a 12-week open label acute phase study of 13 comorbid adolescents, followed by comprehensive assessments conducted 1, 3, and 5 years after entry into an acute phase fluoxetine trial. The results of the acute phase study and of the 1, 3, and 5-year follow-up assessments have already been published in four papers. The current paper was designed to cover the results of the study across the entire 5-year time spectrum of the study, and to summarize the clinical results across that entire time period. The data from this pilot study suggest that the long-term (5-year) clinical course for the Alcohol Dependence, Cannabis Dependence, and academic functioning of comorbid adolescents following acute phase treatment with SSRIs is generally good. However, the long-term clinical course for the Major Depression of that comorbid adolescent population is surprisingly poor.
Analysis for TNF-α using solid-phase affinity capture with radiolabel and MALDI-MS detection

Screening of mutant mice for subtle phenotypes requires sensitive, high-throughput analyses of sentinel proteins in functional pathways. The cytokine TNF-α is upregulated during inflammatory reactions associated with autoimmune diseases. We have developed a method to monitor the concentration of TNF-α under physiological conditions. TNF-α is captured, purified, and concentrated using monoclonal antibody-coated microbeads. The capture is efficient (>80%) and can be used in the concentration range 50 ng/mL, as determined by detection of 125I-labeled TNF-α. The bead capture of TNF-α can be combined with direct detection by MALDI-MS for sample concentrations of >10 ng/mL. TNF-α can be captured and detected from diluted mouse serum, with minimal interferences observed in the MALDI spectrum. This method is adaptable to high-throughput sample handling with microfluidic devices and automated mass spectrometric analysis.
Energy budgets of mining-induced earthquakes and their interactions with nearby stopes

Abstract In the early 1960’s, N.G.W. Cook, using an underground network of geophones, demonstrated that most Witwatersrand tremors are closely associated with deep level gold mining operations. He also showed that the energy released by the closure of the tabular stopes at depths of the order of 2 km was more than sufficient to account for the mining-induced earthquakes. I report here updated versions of these two results based on more modern underground data acquired in the Witwatersrand gold fields. Firstly, an extensive suite of in situ stress data indicate that the ambient state of crustal stress here is close to the failure state in the absence of mining even though the tectonic setting is thoroughly stable. Mining initially stabilizes the rock mass by reducing the pore fluid pressure from its initial hydrostatic state to nearly zero. The extensive mine excavations, as Cook showed, concentrate the deviatoric stresses, in localized regions of the abutments, back into a failure state resulting in seismicity. Secondly, there appears to be two distinct types of mining-induced earthquakes: the first is strongly coupled to the mining and involves shear failure plus a coseismic volume reduction; the second type is not evidently coupled to any particular mine face, shows purely deviatoric failure, and is presumably caused by more regional changes in the state of stress due to mining. Thirdly, energy budgets for mining induced earthquakes of both types indicate that, of the available released energy, only a few per cent is radiated by the seismic waves with the majority being consumed in overcoming fault friction.
Teaching Anthropology as if it Mattered: A Curriculum for 21st Century Practitioners

Since the mid-1970s, practitioners have constituted an increasingly large proportion of the anthropological community. In 1968, about 75% of new anthropology Ph.D.s took academic positions. In 1982, only 28% did. By 1995, over 60% of MA and Ph.D. anthropologists worked outside the academy (see Baba 1994; Bodley 1994; Schensul 1996). In November 1997, the A.A.A. Newsletter reported that 71% of employed new Ph.D.s had non-academic jobs.
Pn wave velocities beneath the Tanzania Craton and adjacent rifted mobile belts, east Africa

P wave travel times from regional earthquakes recorded by the Tanzania Broadband Seismic Experiment have been inverted for long wavelength (>100 km) Pn velocity variations beneath Tanzania using a generalized inverse algorithm. Pn velocities, on average, are 8.40 to 8.45 km/s beneath the center of the Tanzania Craton, 8.30–8.35 km/s beneath the terminus of the Eastern Branch of the rift system, and 8.35–8.40 km/s beneath the Western Branch. These velocities indicate that there are no broad (>100 km wide) thermal anomalies in the uppermost mantle beneath areas of rifting in Tanzania, and suggest that thermal anomalies present deeper in the mantle have not yet reached the base of the crust.
Perceptual and memory biases for health-related information in hypochondriacal individuals

Problematic health concerns characteristic of hypochondriasis may be better understood with the aid of cognitive, information processing theories. We investigated whether hypochondriacal individuals show perceptual and explicit memory biases favoring health-related information. A clinical sample of hypochondriacs (n=18) and healthy controls (n=22), and a sample of hypochondriacal (n=22) and nonhypochondriacal (n=67) patients referred for Holter monitoring, completed a computerized test of perceiving difficult-to-read words and then an encoding task followed by recall of those words. Contrary to our prediction, hypochondriacal individuals in the clinical sample did not perceive more health-related words than words not related to health. Hypochondriacal individuals in the Holter-monitoring sample showed an unexpected bias against reporting health-related words. Social class may account for some of the group differences in this sample. Hypochondriacal individuals in both samples showed better memory for health-related than nonhealth words.
Franklin D. Roosevelt: The Man, the Myth, the Era, 1882-1945

Preface Introduction: The Legacy of FDR Frank Freidel The Politician Responses to Hitler and the Refugee Problem The New Deal Reexamined Foreign Policy: The Break with Isolationism FDR and the Modern Presidency FDR and Eleanor Roosevelt Institutions and Policies of the New Deal Program of Conference Name Index Subject Index
The spectrum of operators elliptic along the orbits of ℝ n actions

It is shown that a periodic elliptic operator on ℝn has no eigenvalues off of the set of discontinuities of its spectral density function. The methods involve operator algebras and are based on a “spectral duality” principal first introduced by J. Bellisard and D. Testard. A version of the spectral duality theorem is proved which relates the point spectrum of a certain family of operators to the continuous spectrum of an associated family.
Assessing and Responding to Disturbed and Disturbing Students: Understanding the Role of Administrative Teams in Institutions of Higher Education

Behavioral and mental health issues challenge institutions of higher education with difficult decisions around response. Interests of the individual and safety of the community must be constantly considered and balanced. A primary way institutions of higher education are responding to these challenges is through the formation of campus assessment teams. This article will address the legal and ethical issues relevant to these teams, and different models for structuring them. Reviewed are potential team names, models, missions, review procedures, documentation, dispositions, group dynamics, and messages to campus. The article concludes with recommendations about the threat assessment process and key concepts relevant to these teams.
Influence of aminophylline and cyclic AMP on glycogen metabolism in fetal rat lung in organ culture.

Influence of Aminophylline and Cyclic AMP on Glycogen Metabolism in Fetal Rat Lung in Organ Culture
Developmental changes in children’s concepts of probability

255 boys and 258 girls enrolled in grades 3 through 7 and grade 9 were shown a film containing a series of questions concerning probabilistic events associated with two populations differing in the relative proportions of two characteristics. Significant developmental changes in frequency of correct response occurred, but the level of response differed greatly among questions. Particularly difficult were questions involving knowledge of purported prior events.
Neural network approach to Space Shuttle Main Engine health monitoring

A neural network was trained to distinguish anomalies in Space Shuttle Main Engine sensor data from noisy normal steady-state sensor data. Power spectra of successive windows of individual sensor data were presented to a neural network using Kohonen's topological feature map training algorithm. The trained network for each sensor was then tested to determine if it would detect anomalies in the sensor data, and if so, the time at which the anomaly would be detected. Power spectra from a few hundred seconds of actual test data from NASA tests 901-364 and 904-044 were used to test the network. In both cases, the neural network detected the onset of anomalous engine behavior at approximately the same time within each test as the onset times reported by NASA and Rocketdyne experts in their post-test analyses.
The evolution of dissipative social systems

Social evolution is one of the master ideas of modem social science. For two hundred years the various phases of its development have served as benchmarks for measuring the progress of Western science. Similarly much of the history of the modem social sciences can be charted by the twists and turns that have marked the history of social evolutionary theory. In fact, the idea of social evolution was so much the vogue in the last century that thinkers with radically divergent ideological conceptions of humanity and society readily incorporated it into their theories. Consider the following: G. W. F. Hegel and Auguste Comte; Karl Marx and Charles Darwin, Frederick Engels and Herbert Spencer; William Graham Sumner and Lester Frank Ward; and, fmally, Andrew Carnegie and Jack London. Despite the political and theoretical differences among these individuals, each was drawn to the idea of social evolution and each fitted it into his respective research programs. Though intellectual historians usually consider the last half of the nineteenth century as “Darwin’s Century,” the 20th century has also been preoccupied with the idea of evolution. The recent cross-overs between the biological and sociological uses of evolutionary theory is, in fact, a halhnark of fm de si6cle intellectual life. Advances in the physical and biological sciences have stimulated a renewed interest in grand theories of social change among social scientists. This is not to say evolutionary theory has not suffered reversals or periods of neglect, for it has. Evolutionary thought in the social sciences was eclipsed during the middle half of this century by synchronic and ahistorical modes of social analysis. At one point the idea of social evolution seemed to have been ceded to anthropologists and antiquarians for safe keeping, as sociologists and political scientists turned en masse to a strangely ahistorical Cold War science. We can get an idea of the vicissitudes to which the idea of social evolution was subjected at mid-century by examining the works of Talcott Parsons, a social theorist who epitomized Cold War social science. Parsons launched his illustrious career in the late
Reuse of Multiple Cases: Strategies

In the previous chapter it was assumed that the given problem can be interpreted as a query case and that a single source case is sufficient to solve the problem. This assumption will now be relaxed. As in the previous chapter, a framework will be proposed, it will be applied to the systems, and some guidelines will be extracted.
Metal oxides for interface engineering in polymer solar cells

Significant progress in power conversion efficiencies and stabilities of polymer solar cells has been achieved using semiconducting metal oxides as charge extraction interlayers. Both n- and p-type transition metal oxides with good transparency in the visible as well as infrared region make good Ohmic contacts to both donors and acceptors in polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells. Their compatibility with roll-to-roll processing makes them very attractive for low cost manufacturing of polymer solar cells. In this review, we will present the recent results on synthesis and characterization of these metal oxides along with the device performance of the solar cells using these metal oxides as interlayers.
Assessment of the Impact of the Kansas IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence Program on Undergraduate Participation in Research.

The Kansas IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (K-INBRE) was established in 2001 and is a network of 10 higher-education institutions in Kansas and northern Oklahoma. The program is funded by the Institutional Development Award (IDeA) program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). As part of the program’s goal to enhance the research infrastructure in Kansas, a training program was developed to encourage undergraduates to participate in biomedical research. From September 2002 to May 2012, the K-INBRE supported 731 students at 10 institutions. Although 16% of student participants in the program are still undergraduates, 323 of our students have gone into biomedical graduate school or medical school programs. Thirty-seven percent of all the completed students have matriculated into graduate programs and 19% of our completed students went to medical school. Moreover, 12% have gone into other health-related professions. One percent of our students who went into medical school programs are in highly prestigious MD/PhD programs. In the fall of 2011, we surveyed participants from the last 10 years about career choices and the impact of the K-INBRE program on those students. Two hundred twenty-four former and current students responded to the survey with a consensus of high impact of the K-INBRE program on student training, career choices, and perceptions about research.
Toward the Hermeneutic of Der Satz Vom Grund

What we have in view is the hermeneutic of Der Satz vom Grund. However, in a text composed two years earlier (1954), Heidegger responds to the observation that he no longer uses the term ‘hermeneutic’, saying I have left an earlier standpoint, not in order to become ensconced in another one, rather because even the previous position was a station in being under way. What remains in thinking is the way. (US 98f.)1
Thermal-aware energy minimization for real-time scheduling on multi-core systems

With exponentially increased transistor density on multi-core platforms, the power explosion and consequently soaring chip temperature have become critical challenges for system designers. Moreover, the increasing chip temperature results in higher leakage power, hence further aggravates the increment of the overall power consumption [1]. Thus, the dramatically growing power/energy consumption and chip temperature severely affect the cost, reliability and performance of the systems [4].
A CD2-Green Fluorescence Protein-Transgenic Mouse Reveals Very Late Antigen-4-Dependent CD8+ Lymphocyte Rolling in Inflamed Venules

Intravital microscopy allows detailed analysis of leukocyte trafficking in vivo, but fails to identify the nature of leukocytes investigated. Here, we describe the development of a CD2-enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)-transgenic mouse to characterize lymphocyte trafficking during inflammation in vivo. A CD2-EGFP plasmid construct including the CD2 promoter, the EGFP transgene, and the CD2 locus control region was injected into B6CBA/F1 pronuclei. EGFP+ offspring were backcrossed into C57BL/6 mice for six generations. Flow cytometry demonstrated that all peripheral blood EGFP+ cells were positive for CD2 and negative for the granulocyte Ag Ly 6-G (GR-1). EGFP(high) cells stained positive for CD2, CD3, CD8, TCR beta-chain, and NK1.1 but did not express the B cell and monocyte markers CD45RA, CD19, and CD11b. In vitro stimulation assays revealed no difference in lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 secretion between EGFP+ and EGFP- mice. Intravital microscopy of untreated or TNF-alpha-treated cremaster muscle venules showed EGFP+ cells in vivo, but these cells did not roll or adhere to the vessel wall. In cremaster muscle venules treated with both TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, EGFP(high) cells rolled, adhered, and transmigrated at a rolling velocity slightly higher (11 microm/s) than that of neutrophils (10 microm/s). Blocking alpha4 integrin with a mAb increased rolling velocity to 24 microm/s. These findings show that CD8+ T cells roll in TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma-pretreated vessels in vivo via an alpha4 integrin-dependent pathway.
Nicotine Transdermal Systems

OBJECTIVE:To review the role of transdermal nicotine as an aid to smoking cessation.DATA SOURCES:A MEDLINE search was performed that included clinical studies published in English involving transdermal nicotine; references used in those articles were screened for additional published information.STUDY SELECTION:Published clinical trials were reviewed with particular emphasis on controlled trials that evaluated safety and efficacy.DATA SYNTHESIS:Transdermal nicotine therapy has been shown to be a safe and effective pharmacologic aid in a smoking cessation program when used in conjunction with a psychologic or behavior support system. Habitrol, Nicoderm, Nicotrol, and PROSTEP differ in some characteristics (i.e., delivery systems, total nicotine content and amount absorbed, rate of delivery, recommended duration of application); however, the clinical implication of these differences has not been determined.CONCLUSIONS:Transdermal nicotine is effective for patients who are motivated to quit smoking and recei...
Behavioural Genomics: An Organismic Perspective

The behavioural patterns observed in many organisms generallyresultfromtheintegrationofbothexternaland internal cues. Why do animals behave the way they do? The study of the proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying animal behaviour tries to answer this question. Although various approaches have been developed for examining ‐ often quantitatively and with increasing specificity and resolution ‐ the roles genes play in the regulation of behaviour, until recently they were limited to individual candidate genes and often neglected ultimate mechanisms. Advances in genomic approaches in recent years have made it possible to examine gene expression patterns (in the brain and elsewhere) on a genomicscaleeveninnontraditional,yetecologicallyand evolutionarily important model systems. As behavioural genomics begins to integrate proximate and ultimate mechanisms of animal behaviour, we may finally understand why animals behave the way they do.
High performance fully-depleted tri-gate CMOS transistors

Fully-depleted (FD) tri-gate CMOS transistors with 60 nm physical gate lengths on SOI substrates have been fabricated. These devices consist of a top and two side gates on an insulating layer. The transistors show near-ideal subthreshold gradient and excellent DIBL behavior, and have drive current characteristics greater than any non-planar devices reported so far, for correctly-targeted threshold voltages. The tri-gate devices also demonstrate full depletion at silicon body dimensions approximately 1.5 - 2 times greater than either single gate SOI or non-planar double-gate SOI for similar gate lengths, indicating that these devices are easier to fabricate using the conventional fabrication tools. Comparing tri-gate transistors to conventional bulk CMOS device at the same technology node, these non-planar devices are found to be competitive with similarly-sized bulk CMOS transistors. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3-D) simulations of tri-gate transistors with transistor gate lengths down to 30 nm show that the 30 nm tri-gate device remains fully depleted, with near-ideal subthreshold swing and excellent short channel characteristics, suggesting that the tri-gate transistor could pose a viable alternative to bulk transistors in the near future.
Interactions of the light-dark cycle, adrenal glands and time of steroid administration in determining the temporal sequence of LH and prolactin release in female rats.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the light-dark cycle, adrenal glands and steroid treatment schedule on LH and prolactin release in rats. Rats maintained in either a 14 h light: 10 h dark schedule (LD) or constant illumination (LL) were ovariectomized (Ovx) or ovariectomized and adrenalectomized (Ovx-Adx). Three weeks later at 1000 h, animals received a SC injection of estradiol benzoate (EB, 10 μg/100g BW) or oil. Three days after EB administration, rats were given a 2 mg injection of progesterone (P) or oil at either 0200, 0500, or 0900 h, and were sequentially bled at four-hour intervals until 1700 h. P administered at all three times increased the amplitude of the plasma LH surge and advanced it, though by no more than 4 hours, in LD. In LL, P was more effective in advancing the time of LH release, although peak plasma LH levels were considerably less than those observed in LD. Adrenalectomy increased the sensitivity of Ovx rats to the effects of EB and P on LH release. P admi...
Dietary Patterns in Adolescence Are Related to Adiposity in Young Adulthood in Black and White Females

Few studies have systematically used a total diet approach to classify adolescent dietary patterns. We examined dietary patterns in relation to nutrient intakes and adiposity in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study cohort of 2371 black and white girls recruited at 9-10 y of age and followed for 10 y. Serial measurements were obtained for indices of anthropometry, dietary intake, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables. Dietary patterns for the 2 racial subgroups were separately identified by cluster analysis of 40 food groupings derived from 3-d food records. Nutrient intakes and measures of adiposity (BMI, percent body fat, and waist circumference) were compared by dietary pattern. We identified 4 discrete dietary patterns for black and for white adolescents. A Healthy pattern, followed by 12% of white girls and characterized by a high intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy, grains without added fats, mixed dishes and soups, and a low intake of sweetened drinks, other sweets, fried foods, burgers, and pizza, was related to more favorable nutrient intakes and a smaller increase in waist circumference. Among black girls, none of the dietary patterns appeared distinctly advantageous in terms of mitigating increases in adiposity. In conclusion, a cumulative pattern of food intake consistent with recommendations for general health appears to help prevent overweight, but this pattern was followed by only a minority of adolescent girls.
Visualizing spacecraft attitude motion

The paper describes the Animated Space Motion Simulator (ASMOS) and how it can be used to enhance one's understanding of spacecraft attitude motion. ASMOS is a window based program that has been developed for the Macintosh personal computer. The program simulates general rigid body motion and uses animated 3D graphics to provide insight into spacecraft attitude motion. ASMOS is simple and easy to use and is ideal for educational use.
Quantitative Assessment of Operational Weather Radar Rainfall Estimates over California’s Northern Sonoma County Using HMT-West Data

An evaluation of Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) KMUX and KDAX radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) over a site in California’s northern Sonoma County is performed and rain type climatology is presented.This site is next to theflood-proneRussianRiver basin and, becauseof the mountainous terrain and remoteness from operational radars, is generally believed to lack adequate coverage. QPE comparisons were conducted for multiyear observations with concurrent classification of rainfallstructureusingmeasurementsfromagaugeandanS-bandprofilerdeployedatthelocationofinterest. The radars were able to detect most of the brightband (BB) rain, which contributed over half of the total precipitation. For this rain type hourly radar-based QPE obtained with a default vertical profile of reflectivity correction provided results with errors of about 50%‐60%. The operational radars did not detect precipitation during about 30% of the total rainy hours with mostly shallow nonbrightband (NBB) rain, which, depending on the radar, provided ;(12%‐15%) of the total precipitation. The accuracy of radar-based QPE for the detected fraction of NBB rain was rather poor with large negative biases and characteristic errors of around 80%. On some occasions, radars falsely detected precipitation when observing high clouds, which did not precipitate or coexisted with shallow rain (less than 10% of total accumulation). For heavier rain with a significant fraction of BB hourly periods, radar QPE for event totals showed relatively good agreement with gauge data. Cancelation of errors of opposite signs contributed, in part, to such agreement. On average, KDAX-based QPE was biased low compared to KMUX.
Mercury contamination of active channel sediment and floodplain deposits from historic gold mining at Gold Hill, North Carolina, USA

A reconnaissance investigation of mercury contamination associated with historic gold mining in North Carolina, USA, revealed high concentrations of mercury in channel and floodplain sediments downstream from the Gold Hill mining district. The most intense period of mining activities in this region occurred in the 1840s and 1850s when mercury amalgamation was used to recover fine gold particles from milled ore. This paper evaluates mercury concentrations measured in active channel sediments and two cores recovered from historic floodplain deposits of the lower portion of Dutch Buffalo Creek. Mercury concentrations in these cores range from 0.01 to 2.2 mg/kg, with maximum concentrations more than 35 times background levels. A later peak in copper concentrations is associated with the operation of a large copper mine between 1899 and 1906. Following the most intense periods of mining, both mercury and copper concentrations decrease upcore to constant levels of about twice pre-mining background concentrations. Results suggest that vertical trends in mercury and other trace metals provide a useful tool for interpreting rates of historic floodplain sedimentation in the Piedmont of North Carolina.
Magnetic resonance imaging of perilymphatic fistula

Perilymphatic fistula (PLF) is considered to be a most challenging otologic issue. There are no currently agreed upon objective tests for the diagnosis of PLF. In an effort to improve diagnostic accuracy in patients with suspected PLF, a novel diagnostic test involving magnetic resonance (MR) contrast imaging was designed. An experimental PLF was created in the cochlear round window membrane of healthy adult cats. Since cochlear perilymph is thought to be an ultrafiltrate of cerebral spinal fluid, gadodiamide (gadolinium-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid [DTPA] bismethylamide), a nonionic paramagnetic contrast agent, was injected intrathecally in an attempt to enhance imaging of the created fistula. Post-contrast images of the fistualized cochlea demonstrate a significant increase in the signal intensity of the cochlear perilymph with pooling of enhanced perilymph observed in the ipsilateral mastoid bulla. Magnetic resonance contrast imaging may prove to be a valuable technique in human studies involving perilymphatic fistula.
REGULATION OF CBP-MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTION BY NEURONAL CALCIUM SIGNALING

The transcription factor CREB is involved in mediating many of the long-term effects of activity-dependent plasticity at glutamatergic synapses. Here, we show that activation of NMDA receptors and voltage-sensitive calcium channels leads to CREB-mediated transcription in cortical neurons via a mechanism regulated by CREB-binding protein (CBP). Recruitment of CBP to the promoter is not sufficient for transactivation, but calcium influx can induce CBP-mediated transcription via two distinct transactivation domains. CBP-mediated transcription is stimulus strength-dependent and can be induced by activation of CaM kinase II, CaM kinase IV, and protein kinase A, but not by activation of the Ras-MAP kinase pathway. These observations indicate that CBP can function as a calcium-sensitive transcriptional coactivator that may act as a regulatory switch for glutamate-induced CREB-mediated transcription.
Sensor-induced temporal variability of Landsat MSS data

Landsat-1 and Landsat-2 multispectral scanner (MSS) data were studied to determine the consistency of the calculated reflectance values over time. Data from six spectrally stable targets were collected over a 3-year period (1975-1977). Reflectance values calculated from the digital numbers were regressed against time to note any long term changes. Results indicate that, over a 1000-day period beginning 1 January 1975, MSS 2 reflectances were stable. MSS 1 reflectances over that same period decreased approximately 25-32 percent. The observed decreases are most likely due to a deterioration of the transmissive qualities of the Landsat-1 scanner's internal optical path. Although MSS temporal variation may be unique to MSS 1, time (days in orbit) should be considered as an independent variable when intersatellite calibration equations are computed. A case is made for a stable, monitored calibration system which would permit the calculation of true top-of-the-atmosphere reflectance measures.
Review of measurement instruments in research ethics in the biomedical sciences, 2008−2012:

There is an urgent need in biomedical science to understand whether regulations are being met, prerequisite to goals of subject protection and integrity in research practice. This article presents ...
William Grigsby and the Analysis of Housing Sub-markets and Filtering:

The paper reviews post-war developments in the theory of housing sub-markets and filtering, emphasising the seminal conceptual and empirical contributions provided by William Grigsby. The study dis...
Micellar effects on uracil photodimerization.

—Initial quantum yields for the formation of all four uracil dimers, anti h, t (I); anti h, h (II); syn h, h (III) and syn h, t (IV), have been quantitatively determined in aqueous degassed and air-saturated solutions as well as in degassed and air-saturated solutions of micellar sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaLS) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). In aqueous solutions the order of dimer yields is IV > III > II > I. Percentages of dimer III decreases from 18-9 per cent in water to 2–7 per cent in micellar CTAB and to 6.0 per cent in micellar NaLS, but those for dimers I and II increase in the micellar solutions.
Computing Evapotranspiration by Geostrophic Drag Concept

A procedure for computing regional evapotranspiration has been derived and tested. The assumptions underlying the model are essentially those used in the one dimensional mass transfer methods, but the shear stress is determined by means of τ o = ρC g ²V go ² in which ρ = the density of the air; C g = the geostrophic drag coefficient as first proposed by Lettau; and V go = the surface geostrophic wind. The main advantage of the method is that all data needed in the computation, i.e., the surface temperature, the pressure of the air, the specific humidity at two levels in the atmospheric boundary layer, and the surface geostrophic wind speed can be obtained from standard meteorological data. Generally, good agreement was obtained between mean monthly evapotranspiration computed for a number of stations and the corresponding evaporation data obtained from Class-A pans.
The effects of the parasite Probopyrus pandalicola (Packard, 1879) (Isopoda, Bopyridae) on the behavior, transparent camouflage, and predators of Palaemonetes pugio Holthuis, 1949 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

The bopyrid isopod Probopyrus pandalicola (Packard, 1879) is a large, noticeable, hematophagous ectoparasite of palaemonid shrimps, including the daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio Holthuis, 1949. Bopyrids affect grass shrimp physiology and may also affect predator-prey dynamics. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the isopod affected the behavior and/or camouflage of grass shrimp, thereby altering the predation preferences of the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus, 1766). To determine whether the isopod affected predator preference through behavioral and/or camouflage alterations, paired combinations of unparasitized, parasitized, and marked shrimp were presented to mummichogs. One branchiostegite of some of the unparasitized shrimp was marked with black paint to mimic the bopyrid parasite. Mummichog predation preference and shrimp behavior immediately prior to predation events were recorded. All shrimp behavior was classified as motionless, walking, swimming, or backward thrusting. Immediately prior to predation, parasitized shrimp swam more ( p = 0 . 0477 ) and backward thrusted less ( p = 0 . 0272 ) than unparasitized shrimp. Mummichogs exhibited a preference for the more active shrimp (80.7% of shrimp; p < 0 . 0001 ), and also for the less camouflaged (parasitized or marked) shrimp (81.5% of shrimp; p = 0 . 0011 ) if there was no difference in shrimp behavior. Parasitized shrimp were preferentially consumed (51/85 shrimp) when paired with unparasitized shrimp ( p = 0 . 0089 ), but not with marked shrimp ( p = 0 . 0837 ). A 30-min activity budget was created for each type of shrimp both in the presence and absence of predators; neither the parasite nor marking affected their behavior over 30 min ( p = 0 . 1005 ). The major finding of this study was that P. pandalicola affected the predation preferences of F. heteroclitus by altering the behavior and/or camouflage of the grass shrimp. Parasitization alters predator-prey dynamics by decreasing the camouflage and the frequency of backward-thrusting behavior by the host when it is threatened by predation, which thereby decreases the ability of shrimp to escape from predators.
An Analysis of Global HFT Regulation: Motivations, Market Failures, and Alternative Outcomes

Recent market events like the “flash crash” of 2010, algorithmic failures at Knight Capital, and the release of Michael Lewis’s book Flash Boys (2014) — with his claims that markets are “rigged” — have heightened scrutiny of high-frequency trading (HFT) and increased demands for more aggressive regulation. However, HFT has several empirically demonstrated benefits, and the current, largely qualitative arguments against it call for careful scrutiny of proposed regulations.In a new study for the Mercatus Center at George Mason University, Holly A. Bell and Harrison Searles analyze the potential economic benefits of HFT and assess several proposed or adopted regulatory schemes from around the world.
A nuclear power advocate reflects on Chernobyl

(1986). A nuclear power advocate reflects on Chernobyl. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 42, Chernobyl: The Emerging Story, pp. 57-60.
Effect of Terminal Aneuploidy on Epidermal Cell Viability in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

In Drosophila melanogaster, individuals heterozygous for translocations between chromosomes Y and 3 can generate, by means of mitotic recombination, somatic cells bearing duplications and deletions. Using translocations with different breakpoints, I have studied the behavior of clones of cells with increasing degrees of aneuploidy in the abdominal cuticle. Both hyper- and hypoploid cells can survive being duplicated or deficient even for large chromosome 3 fragments. While hyperploidy does not severely affect cell viability, the recovery of hypoploid clones decreases linearly as a function of the size of the deleted fragment. In this report, the quantitative and qualitative aspects of this effect are discussed.
Sintering process of Y2O3-added Si3N4

The sintering process of Y2O3-added Si3N4 has been investigated by dilatometry and microstructural observations. Densification was promoted above 1440 ° C by the formation of eutectic melts in the Y2O3-SiO2-Si3N4 triangle. However, the dilatometric curves indicated no shrinkage corresponding to the rearrangement process, despite liquid-phase sintering. The kinetic order for The Initial-stage sintering was 0.47 to 0.49. These values indicated that the phase-boundary reaction was rate controlling. The apparent activation energy (323 kJ mol−1) was smaller than the dissociation energy for the Si-N bond (435 kJ mol−1). ESR data and lattice strain indicated that the disordered crystalline structure of the Si3N4 starting powder promoted the reaction of Si3N4 with eutectic melts. After a period of initial-stage sintering, the formation of fibrous β-Si3N4 grains resulted in interlocked structures to interrupt the densification.
Reproductive Health Knowledge among African American Women Enrolled in a Clinic-Based Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Psychosocial and Behavioral Risk: Project DC-HOPE

BACKGROUND: Washington, DC, has among the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy in the United States. Increasing women's reproductive health knowledge may help to address these reproductive health issues. This analysis assessed whether high-risk pregnant African American women in Washington, DC, who participated in an intervention to reduce behavioral and psychosocial risks had greater reproductive health knowledge than women receiving usual care. METHODS: Project DC-HOPE was a randomized, controlled trial that included pregnant African American women in Washington, DC, recruited during prenatal care (PNC). Women in the intervention group were provided reproductive health education and received tailored counseling sessions to address their psychosocial and behavioral risk(s) (cigarette smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, depression, and intimate partner violence). Women in the control group received usual PNC. Participants completed a 10-item reproductive knowledge assessment at baseline (n = 1,044) and postpartum (n = 830). Differences in total reproductive health knowledge scores at baseline and postpartum between groups were examined via χ(2) tests. Differences in postpartum mean total score by group were assessed via multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Women in both groups and at both time points scored approximately 50% on the knowledge assessments. At postpartum, women in the intervention group had higher total scores compared with women receiving usual care (mean 5.40 [SD 1.60] vs. 5.03 [SD 1.53] out of 10, respectively; p CONCLUSIONS: Although intervention participants increased reproductive health knowledge, overall scores remained low. Development of interventions designed to impart accurate, individually tailored information to women may promote reproductive health knowledge among high-risk pregnant African American women residing in Washington, DC.Published by Elsevier Inc. Language: en