cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Global-, local-, and intermediate-scale structures in prototype spiral galaxies

The relationship between galactic spiral structure and the matter in the underlying disk constitutes one of the central problems in galactic dynamics. In Bertin et al. (1989), disk matter characterized by a low-dispersive speed is shown to be capable of playing a key role in the generation of large-scale spiral structure. In Roberts et al. (1992), this self-gravitating, low-dispersion disk matter is shown to be capable of playing an essential role in the formation of structure on local and intermediate scales. Both in computed cases where large-scale spiral structure is present and in those where it is not, the same dominant physical processes and fundamental dynamical mechanisms are active on local scales. The new perception, in which large-scale and small-scale phenomena operate somewhat independently as evidenced in the computational studies, permits a range of flocculent, multiarmed, and grand design spiral types to be simulated. In particular, grand design galaxies with ragged appearances exhibiting spurs, arm branchings, and interarm bridges in addition to the major spiral arms, similar to those often observed, can be generated.
Outcomes of living kidney donors with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

Here, we report outcomes of four cases of living kidney donors with history of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Rochester, MN between January 200...
Neuromuscular control of free-flight yaw turns in the hawkmoth Manduca sexta

The biomechanical properties of an animal’s locomotor structures profoundly influence the relationship between neuromuscular inputs and body movements. In particular, passive stability properties are of interest as they may offer a non-neural mechanism for simplifying control of locomotion. Here, we hypothesized that a passive stability property of animal flight, flapping counter-torque (FCT), allows hawkmoths to control planar yaw turns in a damping-dominated framework that makes rotational velocity directly proportional to neuromuscular activity. This contrasts with a more familiar inertia-dominated framework where acceleration is proportional to force and neuromuscular activity. To test our hypothesis, we collected flight muscle activation timing, yaw velocity and acceleration data from freely flying hawkmoths engaged in planar yaw turns. Statistical models built from these data then allowed us to infer the degree to which the moths inhabit either damping- or inertia-dominated control domains. Contrary to our hypothesis, a combined model corresponding to inertia-dominated control of yaw but including substantial damping effects best linked the neuromuscular and kinematic data. This result shows the importance of including passive stability properties in neuromechanical models of flight control and reveals possible trade-offs between manoeuvrability and stability derived from damping. * ACF : autocorrelation function b ω : constant coefficient DLM : dorsal longitudinal muscle DVM : dorsal ventral muscle EMG : electromyogram FCT : flapping counter-torque I : moment of inertia n : n th wingbeat PACF : partial autocorrelation function t : time T : wingbeat period ΔφDLM : DLM phase difference ΔφDVM : DVM phase difference θ : yaw τ : torque ω : rotational velocity ωi : initial velocity ω n ,final : final velocity ω n ,initial : initial velocity ωs : saturation velocity ω˙ : rotational acceleration
The anatomy and fine structure of the eye in Teleost. III. The structure of the lentiform body in Fundulus grandis.

Abstract The lentiform body in conjunction with the much larger choroidal body is concerned with the elevation of oxygen tensions in the eyes of some teleost fishes. The lentiform body of Fundulus grandis is a counter-current system of afferent capillaries interspaced with irregular efferent sinusoids. It is significantly smaller than the choroidal body and much less efficient in that the vascular components are shorter in length and larger in diameter, reducing the exchange capability. The fine structure of the vessels in the lentiform body is much like that of the choroidal body.
Linking reward expectation to behavior in the basal ganglia

Psychological factors such as expected reward value can have strong effects on behavior. Although signals related to reward have been found in numerous brain regions, how these signals are used by the circuits that control action is unknown. A recent study suggests that neurons in the caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia could play a role in transforming expected reward into a spatially selective behavioral bias.
Cut Times for Simple Random Walk

Let $S(n)$ be a simple random walk taking values in $Z^d$. A time $n$ is called a cut time if \[ S[0,n] \cap S[n+1,\infty) = \emptyset . \] We show that in three dimensions the number of cut times less than $n$ grows like $n^{1 - \zeta}$ where $\zeta = \zeta_d$ is the intersection exponent. As part of the proof we show that in two or three dimensions \[ P(S[0,n] \cap S[n+1,2n] = \emptyset ) \sim n^{-\zeta}, \] where $\sim$ denotes that each side is bounded by a constant times the other side.
Commentary on Paper by Terry Marks-Tarlow

This discussion of the paper merging and emerging: A nonlinear portrait of intersubjectivity during psychotherapy focuses on how the original paper demonstrates the usefulness of the concepts of nonlinear dynamics systems theory (NLD) to clinical psychoanalysis. Diagnosis conceptualize in NLD terms successfully resists the pressure to reduce complex situations to overly simple few word phrases. The phenomena of transference and repetition are redescribed as resulting from an iterative process that is evident in complex adaptive systems. The model of psychoanalysis in terms of coupled oscillators is demonstrated to be clinically useful as is the concept of emergence which overcomes some of the less useful aspects of the reductionist program. The idea of studying boundaries per se, as opposed to their function of separating individuals, arises naturally from the study of fractals and promises to clarify the oversimplified discussions of these matters in the psychoanalytic literature. The original author has...
Relational Conversations In The Face Of Trauma And Political Terrorism: Professional Training, And Personal Reflections In The Aftermath Of September 11

A special thank you to the extraordinary effort of our editorial review board (see our masthead) and many emeritus board members who reviewed the articles submitted for consideration in this special issue. Since we had so many papers to review, Drs. Peter Fraenkel, MaryAnna Domokos-Cheng Ham, John Lawless, and Tom Strong acted as ad hoc reviewers. The reviewers all worked diligently, intelligently, and passionately. Thanks so much for your contribution! We also thank the contributors who wrote and rewrote as well as those who were not included this time.
Spherical patch discretization of k-space for improved interpolation and parallelization of the multilevel fast multipole method

The multilevel fast multipole method (ML-FMM) has largely become the method of choice for accelerating integral equations system solutions related to electromagnetic problems. To reduce solution times further, efforts have also been made to parallelize the ML-FMM across clusters of distributed processors working in tandem. A fundamental parallelization methodology for ML-FMM is to partition the problem across the k-space samples of the signature function. However, while this approach reduces interprocessor communication, and is thus more amenable to parallelization, it leads to inaccuracies during interpolation/anterpolation due to truncation of the discretized k-space signature. The paper presents a new spherical patch discretization (SPD) approach for the k-space signature. The approach leads to more uniform sampling, simplified parallelization, and the opportunity to leverage rigorous signal-processing techniques for interpolation between levels of the ML-FMM.
Long-Term Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Intra-arterial Cytoreductive Chemotherapy for Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Purpose To compare the long-term outcomes after intra-arterial cytoreductive chemotherapy (IACC) with conventional treatment for lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Design Retrospective case series. Participants Nineteen consecutive patients treated with IACC, followed by orbital exenteration, chemoradiotherapy, and intravenous chemotherapy. Interventions Analyses of the histologic characteristics of biopsy specimens, extent of disease at the time of diagnosis, diagnostic surgical procedures, incidence of locoregional recurrences or distant metastases, disease-free survival time, response to IACC, tumor margins at definitive surgery, and toxicity and complications. Main Outcome Measures Disease relapse, disease-free survival, and chemotherapeutic complications. Results Eight patients with an intact lacrimal artery had significantly better outcomes for survival (100% vs. 28.6% at 10 years), cause-specific mortality, and recurrences (all P = 0.002, log-rank test) than conventionally treated patients from the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. These 8 patients (group 1) had cumulative 10-year disease-free survival of 100% compared with 50% for 11 patients (group 2) who had an absence of the lacrimal artery or deviated from the treatment protocol ( P = 0.035) and 14.3% for conventionally treated patients ( P P = 0.038). Prior tumor resection with lateral wall osteotomy, delay in IACC implementation or exenteration, and failure to adhere to protocol are risk factors for suboptimal outcomes. Conclusions Neoadjuvant IACC seems to improve overall survival and decrease disease recurrence. An intact lacrimal artery, no disruption of bone barrier or tumor manipulation other than incisional biopsy, and protocol compliance are factors responsible for favorable outcomes. The chemotoxicity complication rate is limited and manageable. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Innovations in Urban Design and Urban Form The Making of Paradigms and the Implications for Public Policy

How might innovations in urban design influence urban form? This paper focuses on two types of innovations—identified here as degenerative variations and integrative paradigms—to examine their impact on urban form and to discuss the implications for public policy. The paper begins with a presentation of how degenerative variations collectively generate an undesirable urban form. The paper then illustrates how integrative paradigms are conceived as a response to the problems of development of a particular period and the transformation of urban form. These paradigms are expected to nurture a collective vision and have a positive impact on urban form; however, they are undermined by the realities of development. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of innovations in urban design.
Chronic cough and gastroesophageal reflux disease: experience with specific therapy for diagnosis and treatment.

Study objective To evaluate experience using a therapeutic trial of proton-pump inhibitor therapy with or without a prokinetic agent in diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-related cough. Design A review of experience with 214 patients with cough of ≥ 3 weeks referred over 3.5 years. An anatomic diagnostic protocol was used to identify and treat those with GERD-related cough. Setting A pulmonary specialty practice affiliated with the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry. Patients One hundred eighty-three patients were identified with chronic cough and were included in the study. Thirty-one patients were disqualified because of abnormal chest radiographic findings, inadequate follow-up, or cough being not the primary complaint. Fifty-six patients were identified as having GERD-related cough. Interventions A once-daily dose of a proton-pump inhibitor was prescribed. A prokinetic agent was added if esophageal dysfunction was suspected or response was inadequate. Those who did not respond underwent 24-h esophageal pH monitoring. Results GERD was the single cause of cough in 24 patients (43%). Twenty-nine patients (52%) had GERD plus another cause, and 3 patients (5%) had GERD with more than two causes. Twenty-four patients (43%) had cough only, while 32 patients (57%) had other symptoms of GERD. Proton-pump therapy was successful in 42 patients (79%). Twenty-four patients responded to proton-pump inhibitor therapy, and 18 patients responded when metoclopramide or cisapride was added. The remaining two patients responded to a histamine type-2 blocker or cisapride alone. The cough was eliminated or markedly improved in 38 patients (86%) after 4 weeks and by 8 weeks in the remaining 6 patients. Six of the nonresponders had aspiration diagnosed by bronchoscopy. Four patients had fundoplication recommended, and two patients responded to alternative interventions. Conclusions Four to 6 weeks of a proton-pump inhibitor alone or in combination with a prokinetic agent successfully diagnoses and treats four of five patients with GERD-related cough. Twenty-four-hour esophageal pH monitoring will confirm the diagnosis in the others. These patients may be candidates for fundoplication. Nonresponders often aspirate as an additional aggravating factor.
Load frequency control for multiple-area power systems

This paper presents the development and application of an Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (ADRC) to regulate the frequency error for a three-area interconnected power system. As the interconnected power system transmits the power from one area to another, the system frequency will inevitably deviate from a scheduled frequency, resulting in a frequency error. A control system is essential to correct the deviation in the presences of external disturbances and structural uncertainties to ensure a safe and smooth operation of the power system. ADRC can extract the information of the disturbance from input and output data of the system and actively compensate for the disturbance in real time. In addition, it has the advantages of simple structure, few tuning parameters, and robustness against parameter uncertainties over the traditional PID controllers used in current power industry. The effectives of the controller are validated by both simulation results and a frequency-domain analysis of the control system.
Materials science in context using design parameters for musical instruments

Students enrolled in any introductory course in materials science are for the first time confronted with integrating knowledge of mathematics, chemistry and physics to solve a wide variety of, at times, abstract problems. However, fundamental materials science concepts can easily be placed in context, thereby creating an enhanced learning environment. This paper describes one such contextual arena-stringed musical instruments. Any curious individual can be engaged by the seemingly simple question of why does a guitar or a violin produce the sounds that they do? soundboards are chosen for their specific anisotropic properties and their resonating chambers for their abilities to resonate all the frequencies produced by a music string. Music strings produce sounds because of their elastics constants, densities and composite structures. Violin strings, because they must follow bowing action, are composite structures that must damp signals, while guitar strings resonate as long as possible. This paper provides a detailed description of the specific design issues involving the materials science of stringed instruments. Specific materials science properties are given so that other instructors can use them in their courses. Demonstrations, such as fundamental and resonating frequencies for different string compositions, are also described. In addition, the paper contains a comprehensive literature search of the materials science aspect of design musical instruments.
Direct thrombin inhibitors and factor Xa inhibitors in patients with cerebrovascular disease

Stroke is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately, 795,000 strokes occur in the USA each year, 610,000 of which are first events, and 185,000 of which are recurrent events. Of all strokes, 87% are ischemic strokes. Novel anticoagulants serve as an alternative antithrombotic intervention in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. This paper reviews the role of the novel anticoagulants, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban, in stroke prevention among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
Effects of BMP‐7 on mouse tooth mesenchyme and chick mandibular mesenchyme

BMP-7 is a member of the BMP family of signaling molecules that are thought to play key roles in mediating inductive events during embryogenesis. In the present study the possible roles of BMP-7 in mediating inductive events during the initiation phase of odontogenesis and mandibular morphogenesis were investigated. To do so, we have examined the effects of agarose beads soaked in recombinant BMP-7 on E11 mouse molar-forming mesenchyme and stage 23 chick mandibular mesenchyme, and analyzed the patterns of expression of Bmp-7 in developing mouse and chick first branchial arches. Beads releasing BMP-7 induced a translucent zone, cellular proliferation, and expression of Msx-1, Msx-2, and Bmp-4 in molar-forming mesenchyme after 24 hr. The effects of BMP-7 on molar-forming mesenchyme are similar to the effects of BMP-4 and are consistent with their overlapping patterns of expression in the thickened epithelium of the early developing tooth buds, which is suggestive of cooperative and/or redundant roles of BMPs in mediating the inductive interactions during the early stages of odontogenesis. Our studies in the developing chick mandible showed that Bmp-7 is expressed in the mandibular epithelium. In the absence of mandibular epithelium, BMP-7 beads maintained cell proliferation and Msx expression in the medial mandibular mesenchyme and were able to induce cell proliferation, cell death, and Msx expression in the lateral chick mandibular mesenchyme. The effects of BMP-7 on the expression of Msx genes in lateral chick mandibular mesenchyme, although different from the effects of lateral mandibular epithelium, are similar to the effects of epithelium from the medial region where multiple Bmps are expressed. We also showed that laterally placed BMP-7 beads induced ectopic expression of Msx genes and changes in the development of posterior skeletal elements in the maxillary and mandibular arches. However, despite its proliferative effects on mandibular mesenchyme, BMP-7 did not support the directional outgrowth of the mandible. These observations suggest that epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the medial region of the mandibular arch regulating directional outgrowth of the mandibular mesenchyme are mediated by cooperative interactions between BMPs and other growth factors. Our observations also indicated that EGF, another growth factor implicated in mediating epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the initiation phase of odontogenesis and morphogenesis of the developing mandible, induces an extensive translucent zone and cellular proliferation in the E11 mouse molar-forming mesenchyme and stage 23 chick mandibular mesenchyme. However, in contrast to BMPs, EGF did not induce Msx-1, Msx-2, and Bmp-4, but modulated the effects of BMPs on the expression of Msx-1 and Msx-2 in these mesenchymes. Our combined data suggest that BMP-7 is a component of the signaling network mediating epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during the initiation phase of odontogenesis and morphogenesis of the mandibular arch.
Infrared laser spectroscopy of the linear C13 carbon cluster

The infrared absorption spectrum of a linear, 13-atom carbon cluster (C13) has been observed by using a supersonic cluster beam-diode laser spectrometer. Seventy-six rovibrational transitions were measured near 1809 wave numbers and assigned to an antisymmetric stretching fundamental in the 1 sigma g+ ground state of C13. This definitive structural characterization of a carbon cluster in the intermediate size range between C10 and C20 is in apparent conflict with theoretical calculations, which predict that clusters of this size should exist as planar monocyclic rings.
Application of the TSPA Glass Degradation Model to Non-Conforming Waste Forms

An approach is presented for determining if the models used to calculate the release of radionuclides from defense high-level radioactive waste (HLW) glass for total system performance assessment (TSPA) calculations can be used to account for the release of radionuclides from waste forms other than standard borosilicate glasses. The fractional release rates of radionuclides due to waste form degradation, the available surface area, and the radionuclide inventory in an alternative waste form can be compared with the corresponding models used in TSPA for HLW glasses to determine if those models adequately represent the waste form. This approach is demonstrated for the ceramic and metallic waste forms developed for electrometallurgically treated spent sodium-bonded nuclear fuel. Depending on the waste form, comparisons made with aspects of the HLW glass model may be based on similarities in degradation mechanisms or purely empirical.
Stability of the polar wind

The classical polar wind is an ambipolar outflow of thermal plasma from the terrestrial ionosphere at high latitudes. At altitudes above about 3000 km, the H(+) flow becomes supersonic and collisionless, and the H(+) velocity distribution becomes non-Maxwellian. The non-Maxwellian features include a temperature anisotropy, with the parallel H(+) temperature greater than the perpendicular temperature, and an asymmetry, with an elongated tail in the upward direction. These distortions from a Maxwellian increase as the H(+) gas escapes in the diverging geomagnetic field, and at 10 earth radii, the parallel-to-perpendicular temperature ratio is about 50 and the elongated tail is sufficiently long to move the drift velocity point off the peak of the distribution function. The stability of these highly non-Maxwellian H(+) velocity distributions was studied with regard to the excitation of electrostatic waves, and the plasma was found to be remarkably stable for a wide range of electron temperatures. This indicates that the various macroscopic formulations of the classical polar wind are valid. The stability of a perpendicularly heated polar wind was also studied, assuming bulk perpendicular heating of H(+) in the cusp, followed by the subsequent convection of the heated plasma into the polar cap. Two regions of instability were found.
Local Budgeting and Public Participation: Contextual Predictors of State Laws Mandating Public Input

This paper examines the political, economic, and institutional variables associated with the presence of state laws that mandate the use of public input in local budgeting. The results show that political and institutional variables can help explain the presence of such laws, but the relationships between variables of interest shift depending on whether laws aimed at cities or counties are the focal point and on which types of public input methods are under consideration. The implications for both theories of public participation in budgeting and intergovernmental relations are discussed within.
Integrating measurements of seed availability and removal to estimate weed seed losses due to predation

Abstract To better understand seed predation and enhance weed seed losses in arable fields, we developed a conceptual model that integrates seed dispersal, seed burial, and seed demand, the three processes that determine the dynamics of summer annual weed seeds on the soil surface in late summer and autumn. Published and unpublished experimental data were used to parameterize a simulation model for a number of crop–weed combinations. Sensitivity analyses of models for giant foxtail in corn and soybean indicated that factors related to seed availability were more important in determining overall seed losses due to predation than those related to seed demand. Delaying harvest date and destroying unshed weed seeds collected at harvest emerged as promising strategies to reduce seed input into the seed bank. The role of plant debris in hiding weed seeds from predators was ambiguous and requires further investigation. Estimates of overall seed losses due to predation based on model simulations in various crops ...
Pharmacological therapies for osteoarthritis of the hand: a review of the evidence

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hand is highly prevalent in US senior citizens, developing in >50% of individuals aged >60 years. Hormonal, genetic and inflammatory mechanisms are known to increase the risk of hand OA and influence the course of the disease. However, the underlying processes in the development of hand OA are not well understood, and there is no known disease-modifying drug. Likewise, surgical interventions for affected hand joints have not proven as successful as joint replacement for the knee or hip. Current treatment of hand OA focuses on reducing pain and improving patient function to improve quality of life. Pharmacological approaches have included several oral therapies, such as paracetamol (acetaminophen), oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids, all of which carry a risk of adverse events that typically increases with age. Topical NSAIDs, recently approved in the US, appear to provide efficacy similar to that of oral NSAIDs for hand OA, with less systemic NSAID exposure. Intra-articular corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid have also shown modest symptomatic efficacy with generally good tolerability. Two proposed disease-modifying therapies, chondroitin sulfate and hydroxychloroquine, have had unclear effects on disease modification in clinical trials. This review of pharmacotherapies for the treatment of hand OA focuses on their efficacy and safety in elderly patients. Articles cited herein were identified via a search of PubMed from January 2005 to November 2009. The bibliographies of articles identified through this search were searched manually for additional references of interest.
Bank Stock Returns And Quarterly Earnings: Price Responses To Imminent Earnings Announcements

Numerous studies have documented that most of the stock price reaction to earnings announcements have occurred by the time the earnings information is made public. This study considers stock price reaction during the time period between the end of the accounting calendar when the forthcoming earnings information is ostensibly available to top management and the earnings release date to measure anticipatory price responses to imminent quarterly earnings announcements. Using bank stocks, the results indicate that portfolios composed of banks that eventually announce improved earnings show significant positive abnormal returns soon after the close of the accounting quarter while portfolios composed of banks that eventually publicize poor profit performance exhibit significant negative abnormal returns.
Sensation of draft at uncovered ankles for women exposed to displacement ventilation and underfloor air distribution systems

Abstract Draft is defined as unwanted local convective cooling. Existing draft risk models, developed in the 1970s, focus on air movement at the neck. The purpose of the present study is to experimentally evaluate ankle draft risk for women with uncovered ankles because of current widespread use of displacement ventilation and underfloor air distribution systems and changes in dress customs. Thirty female university students participated in nine double-blind randomized tests. The subjects wore sandals with lower legs, ankles and feet uncovered. Exposures occurred in an environmental chamber resembling an office environment. The operative temperature at 1.1 m above the floor was maintained at 24.1 °C. The measured air speeds at the ankle varied between 0.16 and 0.59 m/s and the air temperature at the ankle varied between 18.0 and 21.7 °C. Subjective responses were obtained to assess these parameters: thermal acceptability, comfort, preference and sensation, air movement acceptability and preference, local thermal sensation and comfort, and perceived air quality. Subjects were more sensitive to ankle draft than expected. For all the tested conditions, between 20 and 37% of the subjects found the overall thermal environment not acceptable, while between 23 and 57% of the subjects found air movement at the ankle unacceptable. These dissatisfaction percentages are higher than those of international, American and European standards, indicating the need to develop a draft risk model for displacement ventilation and underfloor air distribution systems.
Time Course of Apoptosis in Lacrimal Gland after Rabbit Ovariectomy

Lacrimal insufficiency is the most frequent cause of dry eye conditions. Dry eye greatly decreases the quality of life through symptoms ranging from discomfort and contact lens intolerance to persistent pain and burning sensation and potential vision-threatening corneal damage. The incidence of dry eye, regardless of origin [primary lacrimal deficiency (PLD) or Sjogren s syndrome] is gender-related, affecting women much more frequently than men. PLD occurs especially frequently after menopause and during pregnancy, lactation, and oral contraceptive use, suggesting that hormonal factors play an important role in regulating lacrimal gland function. The greater incidence of Sjogren’s syndrome in women indicates that hormonal factors also influence the incidence and progression of autoimmune phenomena that affect the lacrimal glands. This concept has been recently reviewed.1
A technique for pediatric chest wall reconstruction using custom-designed titanium implants: description of technique and report of two cases

Purpose We present a surgical technique for chest wall reconstruction using custom-designed titanium implants developed for two female patients to provide both chest wall symmetry and adequate stability for staged breast reconstruction.
Status and Development of Pulsed Magnets at the NHMFL Pulsed Field Facility

The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory's Pulsed Field Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory is one of few research centers in the world that can create and use ultrahigh pulsed magnetic field for scientific research. The facility houses several types of nondestructive pulsed magnets which can provide the peak fields ranging from 60 to 100 T for users. This paper will report the status of the user magnets and recent magnet developments to improve the quality and magnetic fields of our user magnets. In particular, this paper will present a new cooling technique that significantly reduces the cooling time without affecting the mechanical performance of the magnets. A possible upgrade of our facility with a new duplex magnet that is powered by a 4-MJ capacitor bank to deliver 80 T for users will be also reported. In addition, we will discuss some valuable lessons learned from magnet failures at our facility and possible further magnet design improvements to increase the magnet longevity or peak magnetic fields.
Ethnicity and Reform: Minorities and the Ambience of the Depression Years

During the 1930s, many Americans changed their attitudes toward minorities and their relationship to American culture. A sustained debate over ethnicity produced a major assault on xenophobic and racist traditions. Important leaders in government, the media, and the educational establishment became philoethnic and praised minority contributions to American life. One scholar went further: "Immigrants and the children of immigrants are the American people. Their culture is American culture, not merely a contributor" to it. I By the eve of World War II, many had come to view ethnic variety as the essence of American nationality. Racism and xenophobia survived, but their relative acceptance declined. Much of this assault on racism centered on peoples of European origin, a tendency reinforced by developments abroad. The situation in Europe became a touchstone for discussions of minority problems in America. Racial and ethnic tolerance grew, in considerable measure, as a reaction against the racism of totalitarian Germany. As Nazi racial dogmas were directed chiefly at Jews and peoples of eastern Europe, the defense of these groups-rather than of blacks and Orientals-became paramount in the propaganda battle against Adolf Hitler. This was an early example of American attitudes toward domestic minorities being influenced by considerations of foreign policy. Tendencies toward greater ethnic democracy in the United States were strengthened by the need to contrast American freedom to Nazi tyranny. The identification of totalitarianism with the ruthless repression of ethnic minorities resulted in a counteridentification of democracy with minority group encouragement and tolerance. Even before international developments influenced policy, the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration evinced some sensitivity to the plight of aliens. New Dealers were eager to assume a humanitarian posture in contrast to the
Abstract 2191: GABA but not baclofen prevents gemcitabine resistance induced by low dose nicotine in pancreatic cancer xenografts.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths in developed countries. The nucleoside analog Gemcitabine, which induces apoptosis, is widely used for the therapy of pancreatic cancer. Smoking and alcoholism are risk factors for pancreatic cancer. Nicotine replacement therapy often accompanies chemotherapy while the GABA-B receptor (GABA-B-R) agonist Baclofen has recently been suggested as an effective agent for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Our laboratory has shown that the proliferation and migration of PDAC and pancreatic duct epithelial cells in vitro is regulated by the nicotinic receptor-mediated synthesis and release of stress neurotransmitters that bind to beta-adrenoreceptors (beta-ARs). We have additionally shown that nicotine in the drinking water at a high dose (432 μmole/L) comparable to nicotine exposure in heavy smokers significantly stimulated the growth of PDAC xenografts whereas identical exposure of mice to low dose nicotine (1 μmole/L) reduced gemcitabine-induced apoptosis, thus significantly increasing resistance to gemcitabine. In the current study, we have investigated the potential prevention of nicotine-induced gemcitabine resistance by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Baclofen in PDAC xenografts. We found that GABA significantly reduced nicotine-induce drug resistance. By contrast, Baclofen failed to reduce nicotine-induced resistance to gemcitabine while even slightly increasing xenograft growth in mice not exposed to nicotine. Investigation of xenograft tissues for the expression levels of the GABA-B-R, intracellular cAMP and signaling proteins associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis by immunoassays and western blots revealed effective inhibition of cAMP-dependent signaling in xenografts of mice treated with GABA. By contrast, Baclofen did not inhibit cAMP-dependent signaling and decreased the protein expression of the GABA-R, suggesting downregulation of the receptor. Our findings identify GABA as a promising agent for the prevention of nicotine-induced resistance to gemcitabine in PDAC. On the other hand, our data suggest that treatment of alcohol dependence by Baclofen should be avoided in PDAC patients. Supported by grants RO1CA130888 and RO1CA042829 with the National Cancer Institute. Citation Format: Jheelam Banerjee, Mohammed H. Al-Wadei, Hussein A. N. Al-Wadei, Hildegard M. Schuller. GABA but not baclofen prevents gemcitabine resistance induced by low dose nicotine in pancreatic cancer xenografts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2191. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2191
A Comment on “Defining Misleading Advertising” and “Deception in Advertising”:

Behavioral researchers must become better acquainted with the law if they are to contribute effectively to the study of deception.
Challenges in Wafering Processes for Semiconductor and Solar Wafers

The transition from 50 to 32nm silicon technologies will place strict requirements on semiconductor wafer flatness and nanotopography. Site flatness and shape capability at the edge must improve, as well as the edge characteristics (finish and shape) and quality (damage free). As diameter increases from 300 to 450mm, thickness does not scale with wafer diameter leading to a relatively less rigid wafer. This adds additional burden to the task of capability improvement. To be competitive with alternative energy technologies solar wafer manufacture is focused on cost reduction and capability improvement to enable cell-processing optimization. The challenge is to cut thinner wafers with reduced depth of damage, lower TTV and with no micro-cracks. Slicing kerf reduction and abrasive / silicon recovery are options to further reduce cost.
A discrete vortex model for slat noise prediction

This paper presents a discrete vortex model for predicting slat noise due to vortical flow fluctuations in the slat cove region and the interactions of this vortical flow with the slat trailing edge. The model simulates flow separation at the slat cusp and trailing edge by vortex shedding in the form of discrete, multiple point vortices. The near field flow is solved by implementing the vortex shedding model in an unsteady panel method, in which the effects of the high lift system are accounted for by time-dependent source panels on the body surfaces, and the far field noise is predicted by the Ffowcs Williams/Hawkings equation. Predictions from the model are validated by experimental data in terms of the spectral characteristics, the far field directivity and the Mach number scaling, which all show good agreements. Functional dependencies on the angle of attack, the slat deployment angle and the slat gap are also derived and validated by experimental data. It is shown that the most promising noise reduction comes from decreasing the slat gap. By reducing the slat gap by one percent of the wing chord, a noise reduction of 5 dB can be achieved in the peak radiation angle, consistent with test data.
Discussion regarding layout of fire bridges,water mains or distribution system and etc

Locating fire bridges and designing fire water-supply system are main parts and foundation for public safety in a city.For years,some issues and obstacles are found on this topic,and that should be resolved properly and immediately.Through a fire station location selecting and designing,it shows not impossible to satisfy all demands;the basic rules and principles are indicated on programming and maneuverability.Also by argumentation,the water mains and distribution system under construction should follow the alteration of the old water network and the road rebuilding progress synchronously.
MiniAT cycles and pins: architecture simulation that lets students work at high and low levels of custom systems

Traditional architecture simulators provide an integrated CPU and system as a host application. While these simulators provide insights into CPU activity and offer assembly language targets, they do little to expose students to the complete system architecture as the virtual operating environment and peripheral devices are usually trivialized.
Catfaces on Lodgepole Pine--Fire Scars or Strip Kills by the Mountain Pine Beetle?

Observations sur les consequences des attaques de Dendroctonus ponderosae et sur la confusion possible avec les cicatrices resultant de l'action des incendies
Covectors and 1—Forms

An important analytic tool in our study of manifolds M has been the Lie algebra x(M) of smooth vector fields. In this chapter, we begin the study of the dual object, the space A1 (M) of differential 1—forms on M. One would expect this space of “covector fields” to be neither more nor less useful than x(M), but for many purposes it is much more powerful. One reason for this is the “functoriality” of A1 (M), as will be explained presently. Another is exterior multiplication, an operation which produces higher order objects, called q-forms. These q-forms can be integrated over suitable q-dimensional domains and differentiated. A version of the fundamental theorem of calculus, called Stokes’ theorem, relates these operations and, in the global setting, leads to a remarkable tool (de Rham cohomology) for analyzing the topology of M. This, in fact, is the beginning of a major mathematical discipline called algebraic topology. Finally, theorems stated in terms of differential forms sometimes provide interesting and useful alternatives to equivalent vector field versions. An example of this will be a differential forms version of the Frobenius theorem.
Clinical Markers of Frontal Tau Pathology in 4-Repeat Tauopathies (P6.241)

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical characteristics indicative of frontal cortex tau inclusions in 4R-tauopathies, including corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). BACKGROUND: Patients with 4R-tauopathies have a movement disorder that may clinically include heterogeneous behavioral and cognitive limitations. It is important to understand which patients have frontal tau pathology to monitor as endpoints in clinical trials and improve understanding of patient prognosis. We evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of clinical features for detecting frontal tau pathology. DESIGN/METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 22 autopsy-confirmed 4R-tauopathies (PSP=13; CBD=9) to identify the presence/absence of 10 clinical features that contribute to consensus criteria of behavioral variant frontotemporal degeneration (bvFTD) [3 of 6: disinhibition, apathy, sympathy/empathy, compulsivity, hyperorality, executive dysfunction] and CBD Frontal Behavioral Syndrome (CBD-FBS) [2 of 3: executive, behavioral or visuospatial deficits], and motor-speech. Neuropathological diagnosis was determined using published criteria. We assessed sensitivity and specificity of clinical features for detecting a semi-quantitative measurement of midfrontal to midbrain tau burden ratio (fTau), to control for disease severity. RESULTS: Each of the 9 clinical features that contribute to CBD-FBS and bvFTD criteria alone did not achieve optimal sensitivity and specificity of fTau. CBD-FBS criteria lacked sensitivity (69[percnt]) but were specific (86[percnt]), while bvFTD criteria were sensitive (86[percnt]) and not specific (63[percnt]) for detecting fTau. A combination of 2 out of 4 clinical features including executive dysfunction, motor-speech, compulsivity and disinhibition yielded optimal sensitivity (80[percnt]) and specificity (100[percnt]) for identifying fTau. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated clinical features and published clinical criteria lack specificity and sensitivity for detecting fTau in 4R-tauopathies. We suggest a new combination of features that include motor-speech and more specified behavioral features (compulsivity or disinhibition), provide the highest sensitivity and specificity for fTau and should be considered in revised clinical criteria. Study Supported by: NIH(AG0435043,AG017586,NS044266,NS088341), Dana Foundation, & Wyncote Foundation. Disclosure: Dr. Weinstein has nothing to disclose. Dr. McMillan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Irwin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Trojanowksi has received personal compensation for activities with Johnson & Johnson as a speaker and collaborator. Dr. Grossman has received personal compensation for activities with GE Whitney Symposium as an invited speaker. Dr. Grossman has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Neurology.
Is Inquiry-Based Science Teaching Worth the Effort? Some Thoughts Worth Considering.

Inquiry-based science teaching has been advocated by many science educational standards and reports from around the world. Disagreements about and concerns with this teaching approach, however, are often ignored. Opposing ideas and conflicting results have been bouncing around in the field. It seems that the field carries on with a hope that someday they can reconcile. Unfortunately, over half a century, the opposing views have never been reconciled. Rather, they have become clearly divided, as shown in a recent debate. As such, this article intends to serve as a bridge between people holding different views and to identify key disagreements that have been sustaining the tension. The purpose is to improve science education. Suggestions for future research are also provided for a discussion.
Postoperative Management of Obesity-Related Diseases

A host of medical conditions and diseases are related to and tend to coexist with obesity. The long-term follow-up and management of the more common of these conditions after weight loss surgery (WLS) are discussed here, with emphasis on the more complicated aspects of treatment that may arise.
THE INFINITE ROUNDS OF THE STUBBORN: Reparative Futures at a French Political Protest

When social actors find themselves at an impasse, perceiving their futures as threatened, how can they respond? If their futures can get broken or interrupted, can they subsequently be reconnected or repaired? If yes, how? Here, I consider an ethnographic case of reconnected futurity drawn from French protest politics: the 2009–2010 Ronde Infinie des Obstines, or “Infinite Rounds of the Stubborn.” Opposing Sarkozy-era neoliberal university reforms, the Ronde sought to instrumentalize its temporal and political impasse, shifting its relation to the future out from the register of subjectivity and into the register of ritual motion. By situating the Ronde within the fabric of Parisian political space, I show how it synthesized the politics of occupation with the politics of marching, hopelessness with stubborn endurance, the negation of state temporality with the prefiguration of an alternative future. I conclude by reflecting on the place of temporal repair in relation to recent forms of prefigurative radicalism.
Multi-fidelity machine learning models for accurate bandgap predictions of solids

Abstract We present a multi-fidelity co-kriging statistical learning framework that combines variable-fidelity quantum mechanical calculations of bandgaps to generate a machine-learned model that enables low-cost accurate predictions of the bandgaps at the highest fidelity level. In addition, the adopted Gaussian process regression formulation allows us to predict the underlying uncertainties as a measure of our confidence in the predictions. Using a set of 600 elpasolite compounds as an example dataset and using semi-local and hybrid exchange correlation functionals within density functional theory as two levels of fidelities, we demonstrate the excellent learning performance of the method against actual high fidelity quantum mechanical calculations of the bandgaps. The presented statistical learning method is not restricted to bandgaps or electronic structure methods and extends the utility of high throughput property predictions in a significant way.
Scripture Reading Practices of Methodist Youth

AbstractFramed as the “transaction” between readers and texts, this article examines the scripture reading practices of three Methodist youth. Data were generated through verbal protocols in which youth verbalized their thinking as they read self-selected passages from the Bible. Multiple rounds of inductive thematic analyses identified how the youth used interpretive questions, visualizations, summaries, comparisons, and real-life applications to construct knowledge from their respective passages. This work raises key issues about the nature of youths’ experiences with sacred texts, how youth develop scripture-reading repertoires, and what counts as reading across faiths.