cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Celiac disease associated membranous nephropathy - a rare cause or coincidence? A case report

Celiac disease is associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroid disorders, Sjogren's syndrome and IgA nephropathy, however membranous nephropathy is not recognized amongst one of them. We report a rare case of nephrotic syndrome due to membranous nephropathy in a patient with celiac disease. A 77-years-old male patient presented with uncontrolled hypertension, anemia and acute renal failure. He was diagnosed with celiac disease and membranous nephropathy confirmed by small bowel and renal biopsy. Patient was treated with gluten free diet and immuno-suppressive therapy; however, he died within 2 to 3 months due to myocardial infarction. The association between celiac disease and nephrotic syndrome is extremely rare. Only two adult patients with celiac disease and membranous nephropathy have been reported in the literature so far. Since the prevalence of celiac disease ranges between 0.75% and 4.54%, the question arises whether the coexistence of celiac disease and membranous nephropathy is just a coincidence or a rare association. As they both are immune mediated diseases, a link between them is a strong possibility.
Mitigation of scintillation using antenna receive diversity for Ka band satellite signals

The desire for higher data rates and the need for available bandwidth has pushed satellite communications into the Ka band (20-30 GHz). At these higher carrier frequencies the effects of scintillation due to turbulence-induced index of refraction irregularities in the troposphere is known to become more prevalent, particularly on slant paths. Mitigation of scintillation can be very important for certain links such as those operating at a low-margin along a low elevation path in a dry climate, where scintillation, rather than rain, is the key link factor. We will look at mitigating the deleterious scintillation effects on a satellite signal in the Ka band through the use of two receive antennas. This paper quantifies the possible benefits of such a mitigation technique through the use of a multiple phase screen (MPS) simulation model. We will show that in moderate to strong turbulence cases there can be significant diversity gains achieved by combining two receive antennas, and that even in mild turbulence there is often a diversity gain of 0.5 dB, and that MPS simulations are a useful tool for quantifying scintillation effects on Ka-band satellite signals.
Detection of human herpesvirus 8 DNA sequences in tissues and bodily fluids

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) has been proposed as a sexually transmitted etiologic agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). In this study, by use of a sensitive polymerase chain reaction assay, HHV-8 DNA was detected in the skin lesions (92%), normal skin (23%), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (46%), plasma (7%), saliva (37%), and semen (12%) but not stool samples from KS patients. The average number of HHV-8 copies per microgram of positive target DNA was 64,000, 9000, 40, 33,000, and 300 for skin, PBMC, plasma, saliva, and semen samples, respectively. Only 1 non-KS donor sample, of saliva, was positive for HHV-8. Sequencing showed 5% divergence among HHV-8 strains. The data suggest that saliva may be more important than semen or stool in the sexual transmission of HHV-8. The relatively high prevalence of HHV-8 in PBMC raises the question as to why there is no evidence for bloodborne virus transmission. Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) occurs as a mild indolent disease in immunocompetent persons but is an aggressive, lethal disease in immunosuppressed patients, particularly those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [1]. Epidemiologic studies suggest that KS is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the newly discovered human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) [1, 2]. Subsequently, HHV-8 has been shown to be associated with numerous other tumors, including body cavity lymphomas, angiosarcomas and hemangiomas, premalignant Bowen’s disease, malignant squamous cell carcinomas, and actinic keratosis [2]. HHV-8 positivity has been shown to be more closely linked to HIV-positive patients with homosexuality or bisexuality as their major risk factor for HIV than to patients with other risks [2]. Hence, it has been suggested that HHV-8 may be a sexually transmissible virus, particularly via anal intercourse. The fact that HHV-8 can be found in semen samples and in individual spermatozoa and mononuclear cells present in semen has supported this hypothesis [3]. However, in large-scale or smaller matched studies, the prevalence of HHV-8 in semen has been equal to or less than that found in peripheral blood mono
Localization using bluetooth device names

In this work, we present a scheme based on Bluetooth friendly device names to enable power-optimized ad-hoc localization of mobile devices. Eliminating the service discovery and connection (including potential pairing) phases in Bluetooth allows for speedier and more power-efficient conveying of location information using friendly device names. Furthermore, we observe that using the signal strength commonly provided in reference APIs of mobile OSs, client distances can be calculated with high accuracy and without additional power penalties.
Estimation of genotype distributions and posterior genotype probabilities for beta-mannosidosis in Salers cattle.

beta-Mannosidosis is a lethal lysosomal storage disease inherited as an autosomal recessive in man, cattle and goats. Laboratory assay data of plasma beta-mannosidase activity represent a mixture of homozygous normal and carrier genotype distributions in a proportion determined by genotype frequency. A maximum likelihood approach employing data transformations for each genotype distribution and assuming a diallelic model of inheritance is described. Estimates of the transformation and genotype distribution parameters, gene frequency, genotype fitness and carrier probability were obtained simultaneously from a sample of 2,812 observations on U.S. purebred Salers cattle with enzyme activity, age, gender, month of pregnancy, month of testing, and parents identified. Transformations to normality were not required, estimated gene and carrier genotype frequencies of 0.074 and 0.148 were high, and the estimated relative fitness of heterozygotes was 1.36. The apparent overdominance in fitness may be due to a nonrandom sampling of progeny genotypes within families. The mean of plasma enzyme activity was higher for males than females, higher in winter months, lower in summer months and decreased with increased age. Estimates of carrier probabilities indicate that the test is most effective when animals are sampled as calves, although effectiveness of the plasma assay was less for males than females. Test effectiveness was enhanced through averaging repeated assays of enzyme activity on each animal. Our approach contributes to medical diagnostics in several ways. Rather than assume underlying normality for the distributions comprising the mixture, we estimate transformations to normality for each genotype distribution simultaneously with all other model parameters. This process also excludes potential biases due to data preadjustment for systematic effects. We also provide a method for partitioning phenotypic variation within each genotypic distribution which allows an assessment of the value of repeat measurements of the predictive variable for genotype assignment.
Determination of the structure of disordered overlayers of ethylene on clean and hydrogen-covered Pd (1 1 1) by low-energy electron diffraction

The surface structure of the disordered overlayer formed by ethylene adsorption on Pdð 111 Þ at 80 K is determined by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) from the effects of chemisorbed molecules on the intensity versus beam energy ðI=EÞ variation of the substrate ð1 � 1Þ Bragg spots. It is shown that ethylene is di-r-bonded on clean Pdð 111 Þ, where the measured geometry is in agreement with the results of previous density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The structure of a disordered overlayer of ethylene on hydrogen-covered Pdð 111 Þ at 80 K is also measured using LEED and is found to form a p-bonded species in accord with previous infrared results. � 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
STAPHYLOCOCCAL SEPTIC ARTHRITIS : ANTIBIOTIC AND NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG TREATMENT IN A RABBIT MODEL

This study evaluated the effects of combining antibiotic therapy with the application of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug on the degradation of articular cartilage for an animal model of Staphylococcal septic arthritis. Rabbits were infected intra-articularly with Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic treatment started 18 hours after infection and continued for 7 days. Treatment with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen sodium started 24 hours before infection and continued for either 3 or 7 weeks. The cartilage matrix of uninfected and infected knees was quantified by analysis of glycosaminoglycan and collagen content. Three weeks after infection, the combined treatment of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and antibiotics reduced the loss of glycosaminoglycan and collagen from the cartilage of the infected knee by 15 and 30%, respectively, compared with antibiotic treatment alone. Continuing treatment with naproxen sodium for 7 weeks reduced the loss of collagen by 50% when compared with antibiotic treatment alone. The longer period of treatment with naproxen sodium showed little further effect on the loss of glycosaminoglycan than that observed for the 3-week treatment. Treatment with this drug and antibiotics reduced swelling of the knee and levels of prostaglandin E2 in the synovial fluid. The data support the hypothesis that decreasing post-infectious inflammation by adding the drug to a standard antibiotic regimen reduces cartilage damage from Staphylococcal septic arthritis.
Biochemical Mechanisms of Constitutive and Regulated Pre-mRNA Splicing

INTRODUCTION 560 SPLICING PATHWAy 560 THE PARADIGM: AUTOCATALYTIC SPLICING OF GROUP II INTRONS 560 SPLICEOSOME ASSEMBLY PATHWAY 561 The Vi snRNP-Binding Reaction ...... . ... . 563 The U2 snRNP-Binding Reaction 563 Entry of U4/U5/U6 snRNPs 565 Destabilization of V4 snRNA 565 THE SPLICING PROCESS 566 First Step and Catalysis 566 Second Step 566 mRNA Release, Spliceosome Disassembly, and Intron Degradation 567 U snRNPs 568 Sm-Binding Site , . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 Cap Structure , . . . . . . . . . . . . 569 snRN P Assembly 569 Structure-Function Analysis of Spliceosomal sRNAs 569 Higher Order snRNP-snRNP Interactions 574 NON-snRNP SPLICING FACTORS 574 Mammalian Factors , . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 Yeast Factors .. .... .. . .. .. 578 Protein Motifs in Splicing Factors 579 SELECTION OF SPLICE SITES 580 Splice Site Selection: A Hierarchy of Competition 581 Other Models 581
Composite study of aerosol export events from East Asia and North America

Abstract. We use satellite observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) together with the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model to contrast export of aerosols from East Asia and North America during 2004–2010. The GEOS-Chem model reproduces the spatial distribution and temporal variations of Asian aerosol outflow generally well, although a low bias (−30%) is found in the model fine mode AOD, particularly during summer. We use the model to identify 244 aerosol pollution export events from E. Asia and 251 export events from N. America over our 7-year study period. When these events are composited by season, we find that the AOD in the outflow is enhanced by 50–100% relative to seasonal mean values. The composite Asian plume splits into one branch going poleward to the Arctic in 3–4 days, with the other crossing the Pacific Ocean in 6–8 days. A fraction of the aerosols is trapped in the subtropical Pacific High during spring and summer. The N. American plume travels to the northeast Atlantic, reaching Europe after 4–5 days. Part of the composite plume turns anticyclonically in the Azores High, where it slowly decays. Both the Asian and N. American export events are favored by a dipole structure in sea-level pressure anomalies, associated with mid-latitude cyclone activity over the respective source regions. This dipole structure during outflow events is a strong feature for all seasons except summer, when convection becomes more important. The observed AOD in the E. Asian outflow exhibits stronger seasonality, with a spring maximum, than the N. American outflow, with a broad spring/summer maximum. The large spring AOD in the Asian outflow is the result of enhanced sulfate and dust aerosol concentrations, but is also due to a larger export efficiency of sulfate and SO 2 from the Asian boundary layer relative to the N. American boundary layer. While the N. American sulfate outflow is mostly found in the lower troposphere (1–3 km altitude), the Asian sulfate outflow occurs at higher altitudes (2–6 km). In the Asian outflow 42–59% of the sulfate column is present above 2 km altitude, with only 24–35% in the N. American outflow. We link this to the factor of 2–5 lower precipitation in the warm conveyor belts (WCB) of midlatitude cyclones over E. Asia compared to N. America. This relative lack of precipitation makes Asian WCB very efficient for injecting aerosols in the middle troposphere.
Text mining for software engineering: how analyst feedback impacts final results

The mining of textual artifacts is requisite for many important activities in software engineering: tracing of requirements; retrieval of components from a repository; location of manpage text for an area of question, etc. Many such activities leave the "final word" to the analyst --- have the relevant items been retrieved? are there other items that should have been retrieved? When analysts become a part of the text mining process, their decisions on the relevance of retrieved elements impact the final outcome of the activity. In this paper, we undertook a pilot study to examine the impact of analyst decisions on the final outcome of a task.
Militias, Ideology, and the State:

Research on militias portrays them as subservient proxies of governments used to achieve tactical goals. The conventional wisdom, however, ignores the diversity of state–militia relations. This article outlines four distinct strategies that states can pursue toward militias, ranging from incorporation to suppression. It then argues that regime ideology shapes how governments perceive and deal with militias. A new theory of armed group political roles brings politics back into the study of militias. Comparative evidence from India and Pakistan shows that varying regime ideological projects contribute to different patterns of militia–state relations. These findings suggest that political ideas ought to be central to the study of political violence, militias should be studied in direct dialog with other armed groups, and a traditional focus on civil war should be replaced by the broader study of “armed politics.”
The United States and the End of the Cold War: Reactions to Shifts in Soviet Power, Policies, or Domestic Politics?

This article examines the factors that led to the end of the Cold War from the perspective of the most important U.S. decision makers in both the Reagan and Bush presidencies. The centerpiece of the analysis is a longitudinal study that compares the timing of U.S. decision makers' assessments of the nature of the Soviet threat with changes in Soviet power, foreign policies, and domestic ideology and institutions. This research design allows one to determine if America's key leaders were basing their foreign policies primarily in response to reductions in Soviet power (as realists assert), to more cooperative international policies (as systemic-constructivist and costly signals arguments claim), or to changes in Soviet domestic politics (as democratic peace theories argue). I find that American leaders' beliefs that the Cold War was ending corresponded most closely with Soviet domestic-ideological and institutional changes. As soon as America's most important leaders believed both that Gorbachev was dedicated to core tenets of liberal ideology, and that these values would likely be protected by liberal institutions, they believed the Cold War was ending. These findings help to both illustrate the key determinants of leaders' perceptions of international threats and explain why outstanding Cold War disputes were resolved so smoothly, with the Americans primarily attempting to reassure the Soviets rather than coercing them with America's power superiority.I wish to thank the following people for their helpful comments on previous versions of this article and related projects that led to it: Cliff Bob, Steve Brooks, Dale Copeland, Robert Jervis, Mark Kramer, Jeff Legro, Jack Levy, Allen Lynch, Sean Lynn-Jones, Kimberly Marten, Rose McDermott, Steve Miller, Kevin Narizny, John Owen, Steve Rosen, John Sawicki, Monica Duffy Toft, Steve Walt, and especially Lisa Martin and two anonymous reviewers at International Organization. I also thank the participants in the seminars on international security at the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies and the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, both at Harvard University, and the Center for International Studies at Princeton University. For generous financial and institutional support, I remain grateful to the Olin Institute and the Belfer Center.
Effects of temperature and light on growth of the Antarctic algae Geminocarpus geminatus (Ectocarpales : Phaeophyceae) and Cladophora repens (Cladophorales : Cladophorophyceae) in culture

Abstract This study investigated the effects of temperature, photoperiod and irradiance on the growth rates of two species of filamentous Antarctic macroalgae. Geminocarpus geminatus and Cladophora repens both had low temperature requirements for growth of only −1.5°C, which is the lowest documented to date. Geminocarpus geminatus grew with normal development and morphology at −1.5°C, +1.5°C and +4.0°C. Although G. geminatus was able to survive at +8.0°C, its morphology was not normal. Cladophora repens was more eurythermal in comparison with G. geminatus, growing with normal development and morphology at −1.5°C, +1.5°C, +4.0°C and +8.0°C and with an ability to survive at +12.0°C, although with abnormal morphology. Temperature, photoperiod and irradiance all played important and interactive roles in both growth rates and morphology of G. geminatus and C. repens. Geminocarpus geminatus appeared to have a direct life-history.
The work of ideology: examining class, language use, and attitudes among Moroccan university students

This article investigates overt language attitudes and linguistic practices among French-taught university students in Morocco, showing the relationship between language behavior and attitudes. The results reveal a class-based divide in respondents' patterns of language use, in their support of the French monolingual sanitized classroom, and in their attitudinal dispositions toward the dominance of French as the language of instruction. Within the classroom, the hegemonic role of French is reinforced in student–teacher interactions through the exclusive use of French as the de facto code for ‘modern’ knowledge, whereas the local languages Moroccan Arabic, Standard Arabic, and Berber are portrayed as inadequate within the educational context. This divide between local and Western languages is a work of the institutionalization of French colonial ideologies, which continue to establish the use of Western languages as representing the engines of modernity. This is shown uniformly in the responses of all thre...
Acceleration of heavy ions on auroral field lines

We present results of both a linear and a nonlinear study of oxygen cyclotron waves and the associated oxygen heating. Linear theory predicts that oxygen cyclotron waves will have smaller growth rates than hydrogen cyclotron waves. Results of a simulation study in which the free energy source is an initial drifting electron distribution indicate that oxygen cyclotron waves only grow to small amplitudes, while the hydrogen cyclotron waves achieve larger amplitudes. In an attempt to model more realistically the continuous ionospheric outflow, a simulation model is used, in which the electron velocity distribution is maintained by a constant flow of electrons. This latter model predicts that the oxygen waves grow to amplitudes much larger than the hydrogen waves resulting in the preferential heating of the heavier ions.
A Variational Method for the Analysis of Three-Dimensional Wind Fields from Two Doppler Radars

This paper proposes a new method of dual-Doppler radar analysis based on a variational approach. In it, a cost function, defined as the distance between the analysis and the observations at the data points, is minimized through a limited memory, quasi-Newton conjugate gradient algorithm with the mass continuity equation imposed as a weak constraint. The analysis is performed in Cartesian space. Compared with traditional methods, the variational method offers much more flexibility in its use of observational data and various constraints. Using the radar data directly at observation locations avoids an interpolation step, which is often a source of error, especially in the presence of data voids. In addition, using the mass continuity equation as a weak instead of strong constraint avoids the error accumulation and the subsequent somewhat arbitrary adjustment associated with the explicit vertical integration of the continuity equation. The current method is tested on both model-simulated and observed datasets of supercell storms. It is shown that the circulation inside and around the storms, including the strong updraft and associated downdraft, is well analyzed in both cases. Furthermore, the authors found that the analysis is not very sensitive to the specification of boundary conditions and to data contamination. The method also has the potential for retrieving, with reasonable accuracy, the wind in regions of single-Doppler radar coverage.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of malfunctioning ventriculoperitoneal shunts: a pilot study

Ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) are a critical feature of management of pediatric hydrocephalus. Unfortunately, shunt failure is often unrecognized before significant symptoms and focal signs present, requiring costly emergency room visits and neuroimaging. Ventricular CSF biomarkers of neuropathology and neurodevelopment are emerging as critical predictors of real-time physiology in pediatric hydrocephalus. Moreover, in the future, biomarkers of neuropathology could be pre-operatively analyzed from shunts in question, reducing unnecessary surgical exploration. In this pilot study, CSF samples taken during surgical exploration were compared, hypothesizing that that two critical CSF proteins, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM-1), known to be elevated in untreated hydrocephalus, may discriminate between functioning and malfunctioning shunts.
Validity of hypothalamic-pituitary testing in hyperprolactinemia: Prolactin responses to insulin hypoglycemia and arginine

Abstract The release of prolactin (PRL) following insulin tolerance testing (ITT) and arginine infusion was studied in four groups of women: normal volunteers, amenorrheic women with normal PRL levels, and hyperprolactinemic women with without roentgenographic evidence of pituitary adenoma. Women with normal serum PRL concentrations were found to have an increase in peripheral PRL after both testing modalities. Hyperprolactinemic women, whether or not there was evidence of a pituitary adenoma, did not appear to have a PRL response to either of these tests. Based on the percent change of PRL over basal values, there was a significant difference between the euprolactinemic and hyperprolactinemic groups (p
Shortage of College Trained Black Recreators

(1970). Shortage of College Trained Black Recreators. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 41, No. 9, pp. 83-84.
Higher Education, Antisemitism, and the Law

This paper evaluates the trio of recent, high-profile trilogy of campus anti-Semitism cases that the U.S. Department of Education simultaneously dismissed in what plaintiffs’ counsel have characterized as a “Saturday Night Massacre.” In these cases, complainants argued that university administrators at three campuses of the University of California (Berkeley, Irvine and Santa Cruz) violated the rights of Jewish students by tolerating an environment in which the students were directly harassed or subjected to a hostile environment. In all of them, the agency rejected claims that the university had violated the rights of students under Title VI. The three cases turn on two fundamental questions: What is a Jew? And what is anti-Semitism? Although the agency does not explicitly address either question in these decisions, a close reading reveals that they have been at the root of OCR’s failure to pursue campus anti-Semitism cases to their proper conclusions. Reasonable people may differ on the appropriate disposition of these cases. Regardless of one’s view of the ultimate disposition however it is difficult to justify the reasoning by which OCR got to its dismissals. This paper is based on a lecture given at Harvard Law School sponsored by the Institute for the Study of Global Antisemitism and Policy.
Lifetime perturbations of bipolar disorder

This woman initially presented with a question that not infrequently arises in medical practice, i.e., “Why am I taking this medicine?” In this case, ongoing use of a neuroleptic medication as she aged placed this woman at increased risk for tardive dyskinesia. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of the rationale for the mcdication’s initial prescription and its current use was in order. The first task of the psychiatrist was to ascertain, as well as
Chronic central infusion of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART 55-102): effects on body weight homeostasis in lean and high-fat-fed obese rats.

BACKGROUND: Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is expressed within hypothalamic nuclei implicated in the regulation of feeding behaviour. It is up-regulated by leptin, and CART-derived peptides acutely inhibit food intake. OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to assess the long-term effects of central CART administration on food intake, body weight, plasma levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, free fatty acids and triglycerides, and on fuel utilisation in normal and high-fat-fed obese rats. DESIGN: Normal and high-fat-fed obese rats were cannulated intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) and infused for 6 days with CART (55–102) or its vehicle. At day 4, animals were placed in an indirect calorimeter for a 24 h period during which the respiratory quotient and the energy expenditure were determined hourly. RESULTS: In both normal and obese animals, the chronic i.c.v. infusion of CART (55–102) had marked, sustained inhibitory effects on food intake and body weight gain that were accompanied by decreases in plasma insulin and leptin levels. Using indirect calorimetry, it was observed that CART infusion promoted an increase in lipid oxidation in normal and in obese animals, although this increase reached statistical significance only in the obese group. The hypothalamic CART mRNA expression was found to be higher in obese rats (displaying hyperleptinaemia) than in normal animals. CONCLUSION: The data together show that chronic i.c.v. CART infusion is effective in inhibiting food intake, favouring lipid oxidation and limiting fat storage, both in normal and high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. The CART pathway thus seems to be an important determinant of body weight homeostasis in normal animals as well as in a model of nutritionally induced obesity.
Linear theory of heat conduction in chemically reacting media

In this paper we derive a system of linear equations which serve to determine the temperature field in a chemically reacting medium. After establishing the uniqueness of solutions for this system, we consider two special cases; one corresponding to a single reaction, the other corresponding to zeroth-order kinetics.
Synchrony lost, synchrony regained: The achievement of musical co-ordination

As part of a series of Ethnomethodological Studies of Work, this paper focusses upon a short stretch of a final concert performance of the Saint-Saens Septet by a set of amateur musicians in which timing errors occur but in response to which various manoeuvres ‘successfully’ restore synchrony. I set out to demonstrate that these afford a strategic access for ethnomethodologists to sets of musicians' practices whereby musical synchrony is ongoingly accomplished. The central curiosity of this study is the set of distinctive practices whereby a musical text set out in a spatial, linear sequence of markings is realized in a collective performance that unfolds not only in precise time values but also in synchrony. This paper analyzes three errors in a short passage and the ways in which they are ‘corrected’ either by the errant musician himself or by the other musician in response. In these cases, the restoration of synchrony and the routine performance of the piece thereafter are accomplished successfully in the sense that those listening to the tape of it generally fail to notice any problem! This contrasts to my detection of problems during both my participation in the performance and repeated listening of the resulting audio-tape, I argue that it is this systematic difference in possible hearings that musicians are oriented to when attempting to ‘fake it’. Thus, the essential interest is in members' methods for maintaining as well as restoring synchrony. What can we retrieve of members' in situ, embodied practices where talk is absent from a close description of the resultant order, the details of the musical performance? I claim that Schegloff's stipulated requirement that CA ground its claims in the details of the talk is not appropriate for the study of music. In contrast with conversation in which we are competent participants, one requires musicians' insider knowledge in order to recover just what members are doing. Repeated listening is not enough.
Benign Infantile Convulsions with Gastroenteritis

The clinical features of benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) were studied retrospectively in 62 patients hospitalized (Jan 2000-March 2006) at St Mary's Hospital, Kurume City, Japan.
Ca(2+)-dependent regulation of vascular smooth-muscle caldesmon by S.100 and related smooth-muscle proteins.

1. We have investigated the ability of bovine brain S.100, and of three related proteins from sheep aorta smooth muscle, to confer Ca(2+)-sensitivity on thin filaments reconstituted from smooth-muscle actin, tropomyosin and caldesmon. 2. At 37 degrees C in pH 7.0 buffer containing 120 mM-KCl, approximately stoichiometric amounts of S.100 reversed caldesmon9s inhibition of the activation of myosin MgATPase by smooth-muscle actin-tropomyosin. The [S.100] which reversed by 50% the inhibition by caldesmon (the E.C.50) was 2.5 microM when [caldesmon] = 2-3 microM in the assay mixture. When [KCl] was decreased to 70 mM, E.C.50 = 11.5 microM; at 25 degrees C in 70 mM-KCl, up to 20 microM-S.100 had no effect. When skeletal-muscle actin rather than smooth-muscle actin was used to reconstitute thin filaments, 20 microM-S.100 did reverse inhibition by caldesmon, at 25 degrees C in buffer containing 70 mM-KCl. This dependence on conditions is also characteristic of the calmodulin-caldesmon interaction. 3. These results suggested that S.100 or a related protein might interact with caldesmon in smooth muscle. We therefore attempted to prepare such a protein from sheep aorta. Three proteins were purified: an Mr-17,000 protein (yield 16 mg/kg), an abundant Mr-11,000 protein (yield 48 mg/kg), and an Mr-9000 protein (yield 4 mg/kg). Neither of the last two low-Mr proteins had any effect on activation of myosin MgATPase by reconstituted thin filaments. The protein of Mr 17,000 had Ca(2+)-sensitizing activity, and behaved exactly like brain calmodulin in the assay system.
Functional analysis of cold-inducible cDNA clones in the legume Ammopiptanthus mongolicus

Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is the only evergreen broadleaved shrub endemic species to the Alashan Desert, northwest sand area of China, and can survive at -30℃ or even lower temperature in winter. A modified solid-phase subtraction hybridization technique was developed to isolate and screen cDNAs, whose transcripts increased in cold-treated A. mongolicus seedlings. Sequence analysis of the screened clones indicated that 11 clones had coding regions, with four of them containing complete open reading frame. And nine of the 11 clones shared various degrees of homology with the genes found in the GenBank database and the other two were unidentified sequences. Sequence data further revealed that these accumulated transcripts encode three low molecular weight proteins, a late-embryogenesis protein and two cold acclimation responsive proteins; two photosynthesis-related proteins, photosystem I subunit II precursor (PsaD) and photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex 33kDa subunit (OEC33); a protease inhibitor; an adenosine triphosphatase and a 14-3-3 related protein. Analysis on the function of these proteins indicated that the low molecular weight proteins were associated with water holding ability of cytoplasm; photosynthesis-related proteins participated in the adjustments of photosynthetic apparatus to resist photoinhibition; 14-3-3 related protein could interact with adenosine triphosphatase to enhance ATPase activity and energy metabolism; and protease inhibitor involved in the prevention of unwanted cell death was caused by reactive oxygen species. We suggest that cold acclimation with low light intensity in A. mongolicus is a more complex interaction of low temperature, light, energy and signal than that assumed previously.
Optical fiber pre-warning system for safety of oil pipelines

A real-time monitoring technology for safety and leakage of oil pipeline based on theories of Optical Time Domain Reflectometer(ODTR)and the distributed optical fiber sensor is introduced.As the pipeline leaks,the temperature field around the optical fiber sensor changes.Using the temperature effect of the hackscattered Anti-stokes the temperature is measured and the pipeline leakage is estimated.When there is an accident of factitious destruction(oil-stealing)on the pipeline,the destruc- tion will create vibration and pressure,and will happen the optical signal attenuation of the backscattered Rayleigh through the optical fiber.By measuring the intensity of the Rayleigh,the disturbance and breakage of pipeline are detected.The measuring position is located by ODTR.The experiment results show that the length of single mode fiber is 5kin(expandable),range of temperature measurement is 0～90℃(expandable),temperature error is+5,location error is15m.Therefore the monitoring quality of oil pipelines and anti-stealing oil level may be improved effectively.
A Survey of Projective Multiresolution Analyses and a Projective Multiresolution Analysis Corresponding to the Quincunx Lattice

We give a survey of the concept of projective multiresolution analyses as introduced by M. Rieffel and studied further by M. Rieffel and the author. We give examples of projective multiresolution analyses corresponding to the nondiagonal 2 × 2 integer dilation matrix \(\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} 0&1\\ 2&0\\ \end{array}} \right)\) that has determinant -2, and also to the nondiagonal 2 × 2 matrix \(\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} 1&1\\ {-1}&1\\ \end{array}} \right)\) having determinant 2 related to the quincunx lattice. The method of construction follows that given by Rieffel and the author in their earlier work but also poses new problems. In both examples given here, the one-dimensional initial C(T2)-modules are not free, but the in the quincunx case, the one-dimensional wavelet module is free, whereas in the case corresponding to the dilation matrix whose determinant is negative, the one-dimensional wavelet module is not free either.
Perspectives of Orthopedic Surgeons on Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Care.

Racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare, including orthopedics, have been extensively documented. However, the level of knowledge among orthopedic surgeons regarding racial/ethnic disparities is unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine the views of orthopedic surgeons on (1) the extent of racial/ethnic disparities in orthopedic care, (2) patient and system factors that may contribute, and (3) the potential role of orthopedic surgeons in the reduction of disparities. Three hundred five members of the American Orthopaedic Association completed a survey to assess their knowledge of racial/ethnic disparities and their perceptions about the underlying causes. Twelve percent of respondents believe that patients often receive different care based on race/ethnicity in healthcare in general, while 9 % believe that differences exist in orthopedic care in general, 3 % believe that differences exist within their hospitals/clinics, and 1 % reported differences in their own practices. Despite this, 68 % acknowledge that there is evidence of disparities in orthopedic care. Fifty-one percent believe that a lack of insurance significantly contributes to disparities. Thirty-five percent believe that diversification of the orthopedic workforce would be a “very effective” strategy in addressing disparities, while 25 % percent believe that research would be “very effective” and 24 % believe that surgeon education would be “very effective.” Awareness regarding racial/ethnic disparities in musculoskeletal care is low among orthopedic surgeons. Additionally, respondents were more likely to acknowledge disparities within the practices of others than their own. Increased diversity, research, and education may help improve knowledge of this problem.
Long Term Global Effects

Chapter 3 described how the sudden impact of Chicxulub upon the ancient Gulf of Mexico caused a rapid-fire sequence of disturbances, some occurring within minutes, others within hours or even days. In this chapter we summarize the longer-term effects of Chicxulub’s devastating impact on the oceans, atmosphere and land areas. This includes changes in the oceanography of the area from the mixing of hot toxic seawater produced in the impact crater. Also discussed is the alteration of global weather and climates due to the massive influx of sooty particles, gas ejecta and boiling crater vapors into the atmosphere. First is the global cooling associated with the blocking out of the sunlight, then a rebounding greenhouse warming smothering the globe for years? We then note the effects of Chicxulub on the fate of the dinosaurs the other animal populations. Finally we consider the survival of the small mammals and how their presence may have affected the evolutionary path leading the advent of ancient and modern mankind.
Challenges for Efffective Millirobots

Centimeter-scale robots will create the opportunity to manipulate, sense and explore a wide range of environments with greatly reduced cost and expanded capabilities. In many applications, the capability of millirobots depends on mobility, multiplicity, and intelligence For intelligence, sensing and computation capabilities are now almost available off the shelf. However, there are significant challenges for millirobots in creating all-terrain capable mobility, and low production costs for multiplicity. The mesoscopic range between MEMS and conventional robots provides a new domain with rich challenges. There are advantages to this size scale for novel low-cost fabrication methods, including rapid prototyping of millirobots from kits of parts. This paper provides an overview of some approaches to key challenges in millirobots for design, fabrication, actuation, and power, illustrated by examples in legged and winged millirobots made using carbon fiber.
Prostate cancer: What is the optimal treatment sequence for mCRPC?

Now that patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer have multiple therapeutic options, the question naturally arises as to how these therapies should be sequenced. The genitourinary group at Johns Hopkins has attempted to answer this question by investigating abiraterone and enzalutamide sequencing information in their database.
Heat Stress Is More Damaging to Superior Spikelets than Inferiors of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) due to Their Different Organ Temperatures

In general, the fertility and kernel weight of inferior spikelets of rice (Oryza Sativa L.) are obviously lower than those of superior spikelets, especially under abiotic stress. However, heat stress at anthesis seems to cause more damage to superior spikelets than to inferior spikelets. When rice plants were subjected to heat stress of 40℃ at anthesis, a greater decrease in fertility and kernel weight was observed in superior spikelets compared to inferior spikelets. This decrese has primarily been described to their different organ temperatures, in which the temperature of the superior spikelets was significantly higher than that of inferior spikelets. We inferred the differences in canopy temperature, light intensity and panicle types, were the primary reasons for the temperature difference between superior and inferior spikelets. Under heat stress, the fertility and kernel weight of superior and inferior spikelets decreased as the panicle numbers per plant were reduced, which was accompanied by the significantly increased canopy temperatures. Thus, it was suggested that the rice plant with characteristic features of an upright growth habit and loose panicles might be more susceptible to heat stress resulting from their higher canopy and spikelets temperatures.
Juvenile perpetrators of race/ethnicity-based bias crimes

AbstractMost bias crime literature focuses on adults despite the fact that youth account for a large proportion of prejudice-motivated violence. The LA County Commission on Human Relations data for all bias crimes from 2002-2008 was used to examine similarities and differences between adult and youth suspects of bias-motivated crimes. Findings showed youth victims of racial bias crimes were 12 times more likely to be targeted by youth suspects and over five times more likely to commit property offenses. Public places were nearly three times more likely than resident places to be the location of the bias crime by youth suspects. Female perpetrators of racial bias crimes were two times more likely to be youths. Implications of the findings are discussed.
A Tale of Two Incentives: Investigating Auditors’ Willingness to Reveal Prior Misstatements

Existing research suggests the threat of litigation and reputational concerns can motivate auditors to improve audit quality in the current period. However, it is unclear how these two incentives unfold when auditors face the restatement of their previously audited, but materially misstated, work. We investigate the individual and joint effects of two potential incentives, litigation risk and reputation concerns, on the likelihood that auditors will encourage the restatement of materially misstated financial statements upon which they previously opined. When considered independently, we find higher reputational concerns decrease the likelihood of restating misstated financial statements, with no average effect from increased litigation risk. When examined jointly, we find that restatement of the misstated period is less likely when both reputation and litigation risk are high, but more likely when the risk of litigation and reputational concerns are low. These findings provide important insights regarding auditors’ response to incentives.
Use of touchstone in the design and analysis of microstrip antennas

Use of commercially available TOUCHSTONE software package for the analysis and design of microstrip patch antennas is investigated. It turns out that the resonant frequency of a rectangular patch can be accurately computed by treating the patch as a transmission line loaded at both ends with an open-circuit capacitance and a radiation conductance.
Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry for Estimating Bone Mineral Content

The purpose of this study was to validate single-frequency hand-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis (HFBIA) for estimating bone mineral content (BMC) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry as ...
Primary Care Provider Experience with Breast Density Legislation in Massachusetts

Abstract Background: Dense breasts on mammography independently increases breast cancer risk and decreases mammography sensitivity. Thirty-two states have adopted notification laws to raise awareness among women with dense breasts about supplemental screening. Little is known about these policies' impact on clinical practice among primary care providers (PCPs). Materials and Methods: This study explores PCP attitudes, knowledge, and the impact of the Massachusetts dense breast notification legislation on clinical practice after its enactment in 2015. An anonymous, online survey at two urban safety-net hospitals was administered in 2015–2016. Practicing MDs and nurse practitioners in primary care were invited to participate. Results: All 145 PCPs in general internal medicine at the two sites were e-mailed a survey link and 80 (55%) were completed. While 64 of 80 PCPs surveyed (80%) had some familiarity with the legislation, none identified the 8 required components of notifications contained in the Massach...
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo as a Possible Predictor of Methylphenidate Response in Children With ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective To examine whether sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptomatology moderates dose response to methylphenidate and whether the impact of SCT on medication response is distinct from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtype effects. Methods Stimulant-naive children with ADHD predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I; n = 126) or ADHD combined type (ADHD-C; n = 45) aged 7-11 years were recruited from the community from September 2006 to June 2013 to participate in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, 4-week crossover trial of long-acting methylphenidate. ADHD diagnosis and subtype were established according to DSM-IV criteria using a structured interview and teacher ADHD symptom ratings. SCT symptoms were assessed using a teacher-rated scale with 2 factors (Sluggish/Sleepy and Daydreamy). Primary outcomes included (1) categorization of children as methylphenidate responders, methylphenidate nonresponders, or placebo responders by 2 blinded physicians and (2) parent and teacher ratings of child behavior on the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scales while subjects were on treatment with placebo or 1 of 3 methylphenidate dosages (low, medium, high). Results Increased SCT Sluggish/Sleepy factor scores were associated with being a methylphenidate nonresponder or placebo responder rather than a methylphenidate responder (P = .04). Sluggish/Sleepy factor scores were also linked to diminished methylphenidate dose response for parent- and teacher-rated inattention symptoms (Sluggish/Sleepy factor × dose P = .004). SCT Daydreamy symptoms and ADHD subtype (ADHD-I vs ADHD-C) were not associated with methylphenidate responder status and did not moderate methylphenidate dose response for inattention symptoms. Conclusions SCT Sluggish/Sleepy symptoms, but not SCT Daydreamy symptoms or ADHD subtype, predicted methylphenidate nonresponse. This novel finding, if replicated, may have important implications for assessing SCT as part of ADHD care. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01727414.
Consociationalism, Clientelism, and Local Politics in Beirut: Between Civic and Sectarian Identities

Both liberal and corporatist consociational systems are often characterized by identity-based networks that rely on clientelism and are difficult to hold accountable. This article uses Beirut's 201...