cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender uncoupled: Asexual people making sense of high school sex talk:

Sociologists have documented sex talk as a crucial mechanism in the reproduction of heteronormativity in schools. In this highly sexualized context, how did asexual people make sense of sex talk? D...
Increasing number of point counts influences estimates of bird and anuran species richness at the wetland scale

The Laurentian Great Lakes of North America have seen major development of wetlands and wetland-associated landscapes. Monitoring of wetland species is important to determine impacts on wetland wildlife due to habitat loss, and to evaluate the effectiveness of wetland restoration efforts. However, methods used for monitoring species often depend on the spatial and temporal scales of the project, and some large-scale monitoring projects call for only two or three site visits per year. We sampled Great Lakes coastal wetlands for up to six visits for birds and nine visits for anurans and evaluated how community metrics changed as increasing numbers of samples were collected. Our goals were to determine how much increased site visits better detect entire communities and true species richness, and to evaluate if the rank of observed species richness among wetlands is preserved regardless of sampling effort. We found a significant increase in species richness using our intensive methods versus only two site visits for birds in 2015 and 2016 and versus only three visits for anurans in 1 year. Additionally, we found a strong correlation between species richness using two visits for birds in both years and three visits for anurans in 1 year and our more intensive methods. We found no significant difference in the richness or abundance of cryptic marsh bird species between two site visits and our more intensive visits. However, sampling more intensively did increase our detections of cryptic marsh bird species. Our results are especially useful to managers tasked with evaluating the success of local wetland restorations.
Recruitment of a diverse research cohort in a large metropolitan area for dementia intervention studies.

Abstract The human and financial costs of dementia care are growing exponentially. Over five and a half million older Americans are estimated to be living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD). By 2050, this is expected to increase to over 13 million, and persons of color are at the highest risk. Considerable funds have been committed to research to prevent, treat, and care for persons at risk for ADRD. However, enrollment of research participants, particularly those coming from diverse backgrounds, is a perennial challenge and has serious implications. This paper quantitatively details the results of a community-based multi-modal outreach effort to recruit a racially diverse sample for non-pharmacological dementia intervention, including referral and participant sources and yield, total recruitment costs and cost per enrolled dyad, and a qualitative description of lessons learned, with particular attention to the recruitment of Black participants. The largest number of referrals and referrals converting to study participants, for both Black and White persons, were from a Maryland Department of Health mailing to Medicaid recipients. There was an important difference in the most effective strategies, proportionally, for white and Black participants. The MDH mailing had the highest yield for our Black referrals and participants, while professional referrals had the highest yield for white referrals and participants. The total estimated cost of recruitment was $101,058, or $156.19 per enrolled dyad. Ultimately 646 persons with dementia and care partner dyads were enrolled, 323 (50%) of whom were Black.
The Endothelial Barrier Restricts Endocrine Actions to the Luminal Vascular Receptors: Changing the Paradigm: A Didactic Approach

In 1849, the first list of endocrine hormones was discovered and proposed that the synthesizing gland delivers it to the circulation. The circulatory hormone reaches the target organ, physically unimpeded acts directly on the parenchymal cells. Such a simplistic view persists despite new knowledge of an endothelial wall barrier and implications for every parenchymal cell in the body. This misconception leads to inadequate interpretations of data, wrong diagnosis and therapeutic expectations, erroneous hypotheses, and misleads further research work. The quest of this review is to play down this misconception by pointing out key overlooked findings of the vascular endothelial wall: 1) The selective endothelial barrier physically separates two same-hormone-containing compartments; the endocrine and the interstitial autocrine hormone compartments, 2) the hormone concentrations values in these compartments are independent of each other, 3) in each compartment the hormone acts solely on the receptors of that particular compartment, 4) multiple intravascular endocrine hormones act solely on their corresponding luminal endothelial membrane receptor (LEMR), without directly acting on the parenchymal cells, 5) Agonist-activation of LEMR triggers the release of specific paracrine endothelial agents that in conjunction with autocrine interstitial hormone modulate parenchymal function(s) and perhaps the turnover of the interstitial autocrine hormone, 6) these hormone compartments, functionally interact via paracrine exchange signaling, and the integrated intercourse of all these events result in the final hormonal organ effect. The present challenges to achieving more rationale therapeutic effects are to design agonists or antagonists that exclusively gain access to a target compartment and have high specificity for the receptor of the cells in that compartment.
The value relevance of descriptive R&D intensity

Abstract Public firms have wide latitude to release descriptive research and development (R&D) information. Conceptually, a higher descriptive R&D intensity (DRDI) enables a more thorough assessment of a firm’s prospects and reduces information asymmetry. However, such disclosure may undermine the firm’s future competitive advantages by allowing competitors to observe the firm’s R&D efforts more closely. By analyzing the textual content of 23,269 annual reports and leveraging the staggered statewide rejection of the inevitable disclosure doctrine as our instrumental variable for DRDI, we find that DRDI positively affects firm value. We also find that the presence of Chief Innovation Officer and intangible know-how positively, while financial leverage and market turbulence negatively, moderate the effect of DRDI on firm value. Notably, although both DRDI and numerical R&D intensity (NRDI) deliver potentially valuable information about R&D activities, DRDI is distinct from and has a more significant explanatory power of firm value than NRDI.
Improving the power for disease locus detection in affected-sib-pair studies by using two-locus analysis and multiple regression methods.

In this paper we present a summary of an analysis of the simulated data (Problem 2) for GAW11. We used sib-pair and affected-sib-pair (ASP) methods to evaluate linkage to the mild form of disease at markers across the genome, in data sets of realistic moderate size (containing between 100 and 300 families selected from the simulated replicates). The true 'answers' were known in advance. Although in most cases we were successful in detecting linkage to disease in the correct regions, it was often difficult to distinguish these results from false positives elsewhere in the genome. We used two-locus methods to see whether the significance was improved by simultaneously modeling linkage to two disease loci, and found a modest increase in significance using two-locus methods in several cases. 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: Haseman-Elston, linkage, maximum lod score
Single- and multiple-chip microcomputer interfacing

Single-and multiple-chip microcomputer interfacing , Single-and multiple-chip microcomputer interfacing , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Software by Design: Shaping Technology and The Workplace

Introduction PART I: Structuring Technology and the Workplace 1: Social Shaping of Technology 2: Software in the Workplace 3: The Structure of Software Design PART II: Case Studies of Software Design 4: Banking and a Tale of Two Systems 5: Field Service Systems 6: The Computer System and the Hospital 7: Software Design, Social Choices, and the Workplace PART III: Implications for Management and for Further Research on Technology Design 8: Understanding and Managing Software 9: Social Dimensions of Software Design APPENDICES Appendix A: Outline of the Research Project Appendix B: Teaching Cases on Software Design and Use Case 1: Branch Office Automation in Banking Case 2: Design Decisions for the New Banking Environment Case 3: Field Service and the Art of Automation Case 4: Systems Design and Medical Practice in a Hospital
Application of Glass Corrosion Concepts to Nuclear Waste Immobilization

Characterization of glass corrosion requires a comprehensive evaluation of the mechanisms by which corrosion can occur. Furthermore, several such mechanisms may be operative during the lifetime of the glass. A variety of surface and solution analytical techniques have been used to achieve a better understanding of the interaction of glass with its environment. The use of at least one surface and one solution analysis technique is essential in any glass corrosion experiment. This is especially important for more complex systems, such as nuclear waste glasses, which may involve complex surface film formation.
The Phosphoenolpyruvate-initiated Pathway of Fructose Metabolism in Escherichia coli

Abstract The inability of a particular Escherichia coli mutant to form colonies on fructose minimal medium is ascribed to the inhibition of growth by glucose 6-phosphate, which accumulates in this strain from a small amount of glucose in the fructose. This explanation requires that fructose metabolism not be initiated by its phosphorylation to fructose 6-phosphate. Experiments in vitro show that fructose is phosphorylated to fructose 1-phosphate in a reaction catalyzed by the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system. Fructose 1-phosphate is converted to fructose 1,6-diphosphate by an inducible kinase, as has been found in other organisms. Thus, fructose should be considered a gluconeogenic carbon source in E. coli.
Subunit structure of synaptosomal tubulin

The subunit structure of rat brain synaptosomal tubulin was examined by high resolution two-dimensional gel fractionation. Whole brain cytoplasmic tubulin consists of two groups of alpha subunits (alpha1 and alpha2), and a minimum of two beta subunits (beta1 and beta2). Both alpha subunits consist of a major relatively acidic form and minor relatively basic forms. In contrast, tubulin purified from synaptoplasm contains an additional subunit, alpha3, which has the same isoelectric point but slightly faster electrophoretic mobility than alpha1 and alpha2. All synaptosomal alpha subunits are the relatively acidic forms and the minor basic forms are absent. The synaptosomal beta subunits have electrophoretic properties similar to the corresponding cytoplasmic forms. The alpha3 synaptosomal tubulin subunit has affinity for colchicine, has a tryptic peptide map similar to whole brain cytoplasmic alpha tubulin, and can be purified by a standard tubulin purification method.
Urethral prolapse and vestibular fistula

Urethral prolapse occurring in patients with vulvovestibular fistula has not been reported to date. We present two such cases in 7.5- and 9.2-year-old girls, respectively, in whom urethral prolapse developed after anal transposition. The relationship between the two entities is still unclear. It also remains controversial whether urethral prolapse is the result of a local anomaly, anal transposition, or some other cause. Constipation and increased intra-abdominal pressure seem to have been the most likely etiological factors in our patients.
The importance of tacit knowledge in strategic deliberations and decisions

Strategic decision making is a rather unstructured process with a wide variety of conflicting and equivocal considerations and inputs. Managers, usually working in top management teams, are asked to form an “interpretation” or working knowledge of the internal and external influences on the organization. This article suggests the real value of tacit knowledge and intuition to managers in the upper reaches of the organization. Tacit knowledge, based on the cumulative experiences of the manager, is equivalent to the intuitive feel and “softer” ways of knowing that all humans experience. It has been found to be quite valuable to upper‐level managers, but especially when intermingled with sound data analysis and more formal insight. When groups of managers can exchange and share the different types of knowledge, a complementary and synergistic learning process occurs. Managers are able to draw from a broader, more diverse set of possibilities and insights.
Structure, chemistry, and properties of mineral nanoparticles

Nanoparticle properties can depart markedly from their bulk analog materials, including large differences in chemical reactivity, molecular and electronic structure, and mechanical behavior. The greatest changes are expected at the smallest sizes, e.g. 10 nm and below, where surface effects are expected to dominate bonding, shape and energy considerations. The precise chemistry at nanoparticle interfaces can have a profound effect on structure, phase transformations, strain, and reactivity. Certain phases may exist only as nanoparticles, requiring transformations in chemistry, stoichiometry and structure with evolution to larger sizes. In general, mineralogical nanoparticles have been little studied.
Uptake and Reaction of ClONO2 on NaCl and Synthetic Sea Salt

The uptake and reaction of chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) on NaCl and synthetic sea salt (SSS) powders was studied at 298 K using a Knudsen cell interfaced to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. A time-dependent uptake coefficient was observed, with a large initial uptake coefficient measured for most samples of γinit > 0.1, followed by a smaller and slowly declining uptake coefficient at longer reaction times. This behavior is shown to be consistent with uptake into, and reaction in, water on the salt surface. The steady-state uptake coefficient on NaCl was invariant over a range of ClONO2 concentrations from 1012 to 1013 molecules cm-3 but was dependent on the number of salt particle layers in a manner consistent with approximately two layers of particles being available for reaction. The results of experiments using monolayers and sub-monolayers of salts, where the available reactive surface is known, give an uptake coefficient at longer times after the rapid initial uptake for ClONO2 on NaCl of γt = (6.5 ± 3.0...
Insulin resistance: sex matters.

Purpose of reviewThis review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the differences between the sexes in relation to insulin resistance. Alterations in the body's sensitivity to insulin cause a series of metabolic abnormalities representing essentially the metabolic syndrome (i.e. high f
Evaluation of commercial RNA extraction kits for the isolation of viral MS2 RNA from soil

Abstract Nucleic acid extraction is a critical step in the detection of an unknown biological agent. However, success can vary depending on the isolation and identification methods chosen and the difficulty of extraction from environmental matrices. In this work, bacteriophage MS2 RNA was extracted from three soil matrices, sand, clay, and loam, using five commercially available kits: the PowerSoil™ Total RNA Isolation, E.Z.N.A.® Soil RNA, FastRNA® Pro Soil-Direct, FastRNA® Pro Soil-Indirect, and IT 1-2-3 Platinum Path™ kits. Success of the isolation was determined using an MS2-specific RT-PCR assay. The reproducibility and sensitivity of each method in the hands of both experienced and novice users were assessed and compared. Cost, operator time, and storage conditions were also considered in the evaluation. The RNA isolation method that yielded the best results, as defined by reproducibility and sensitivity, was the E.Z.N.A.® Soil RNA kit for sand, the IT 1-2-3 Platinum Path™ Sample Purification kit for clay, and the FastRNA® Pro Soil-Indirect kit for loam. However, if time and storage conditions are important considerations, the IT 1-2-3 Platinum Path™ kit may be appropriate for use with all soils since the kit has the shortest processing time and fewest temperature requirements.
Effects of season, testosterone and female exposure on c-fos expression in the preoptic area and amygdala of male green anoles

Expression of the immediate early gene, c-fos, was used to investigate changes in neuronal activity in forebrain regions involved in male sexual behavior following social, hormonal and/or seasonal manipulations in the male green anole. These factors all influence behavior, yet it is unclear how they interact to modify neuronal activity in forebrain regions, including the preoptic area (POA) and ventromedial nucleus of the amygdala (AMY). These regions are involved in the display of sexual behaviors in male green anoles as in many other vertebrates. To determine the effects of seasonal, hormonal and social cues on these brain areas, we investigated c-fos under environmental conditions typical of the breeding or non-breeding season in adult male green anoles that were castrated and implanted with either testosterone (T) or blank (Bl) capsules. We also manipulated social cues by exposing only half of the animals in each group to females. T enhanced courtship and copulatory behaviors, but decreased c-fos expression in the AMY. A similar, although not statistically significant, pattern was observed in the POA, and the density of c-fos+ cells was negatively correlated in that region with the number of extensions of a throat fan (dewlap) used during courtship. Therefore, it appears that in the male green anole, T may diminish c-fos expression (likely in inhibitory neurons) in the POA and AMY to create a permissive environment in which the appropriate behavioral response can be displayed.
Lethal toxicity from equimolar infusions of cocaine and cocaine metabolites in conscious and anesthetized rats.

We compared the lethal toxicity of cocaine with that of three of its metabolites to determine the contribution of these metabolites to the lethal potential from cocaine infusion.Equimolar quantities of cocaine, norcocaine, benzoylecgonine, and ecgonine methyl ester were infused in conscious rats to determine onset of convulsions and respiratory arrest. In addition, the convulsive and respiratory toxicity for cocaine and norcocaine were evaluated in anesthetized rats and their circulatory toxicity in anesthetized and ventilated rats. Norcocaine infusion resulted in earlier onset of convulsions and respiratory arrest in conscious rats than cocaine and earlier onset of circulatory arrest. Plasma concentrations of norcocaine and cocaine were not different at these times. Benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester were less potent convulsants and respiratory depressants than norcocaine and cocaine, with ecgonine methyl ester more respiratory depressant than benzoylecgonine. Pentobarbital anesthesia enhanced the respiratory depression and suppressed or delayed the onset of convulsions from norcocaine and cocaine infusion. Prolonged infusion of cocaine to circulatory arrest resulted in benzoylecgonine concentrations approximate 60%, and norcocaine concentrations approximate 5%, of the cocaine concentration, but no detectable ecgonine methyl ester formation. We conclude that although norcocaine, ecgonine methyl ester, and benzoylecgonine administered separately have lethal potential in massive dosages, death from cocaine overdose primarily results from the parent compound and not from metabolite formation. (Anesth Analg 1995;81:1033-8)
Prolegomena to pictorial concordances

One of the most revered tools of literary scholarship is the concordance. This deceptively simple device lists the locations in a corpus where a given word (the 'target word') occurs. Each reference accompanies the word in its context. The popularity of Key Word In Context (KWIC) concordances in computer-assisted literary study attests their continuing usefulness. Such a list of references serves us well if we are lexicographers seeking different meanings for a word, or grammarians investigating its inflection in different contexts. That is, as long as our focus of attention is on the individual word or phrase, the classical concordance meets our needs. Sometimes, though, we wish to look at the text as a whole, and identify which words and themes predominate in its various parts. It has been, from time to time, popular to invoke such data in an effort to detect differences of authorship within a document. More recently, students of literature discuss such concentrations of linguistic phenomena in seeking to explain the present structure of a text. 1 These studies of literary architecture rest implicitly on three hypotheses concerning a work of literature.
REGIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CYCLOADDITION OF DIAZOPYRAZOLINONES TO ELECTRON DEFICIENT ACETYLENES

Abstract The regiospecificity with which members of the 4-diazopyrazolin-5-one system undergo intermolecular cycloaddition to propiolate ester has been found to be markedly dependent upon the substituent groups present.
Temperature programmed reduction and re-oxidation of platinum in y-zeolites

Abstract Monofunctional Pt/SiO2, Pt/NaY and Pt,Fe/NaY and bifunctional Pt/HY catalysts are prepared by ion exchange followed by calcination in O2 and reduction with H2. Hydrogen chemisorption and temperature programmed reduction o reoxidized samples show that the interaction between metal precursor, supporting oxide and ambient gas is markedly different for neutral supports and acidic HY. With SiO2 or NaY and precalcination at 300°C, the Pt precursor is reduced at −15 and +30°C, two H atoms being consumed per Pt atom for complete reduction. With HY and the same precalcination, reduction sets in at 180°C with the highest TPR peak at 240°C and ∼3.3 H atoms are consumed per Pt atom. After careful re-oxidation these differences vanish; reduction starts at subambient temperature for all samples. The results are rationalized by assuming that Pt2+ ions after losing their NH3 ligands, can either by oxidized with O2 to Pt4+ (in HY) or react with H2O to PtO microcrystallites (in NaY). The same PtO particles are likely to be formed upon cautious re-oxidation of small Pt particles in the supercages of the Y zeolite. If Fe ions are present, the TPR spectrum of Pt/NaY is shifted to higher temperatures indicating that mixed oxide particles PtFexOy are formed during calcination.
Coherent backscattering effect from mid-frequency shallow water reverberation.

The coherent backscattering (or backscattering enhancement) effect results from persistent interferences between multiply scattered waves propagating along reciprocal paths. This effect results in a doubling of the recorded backscattered intensity reflected exactly in the backward direction with respect to any other direction, after averaging intensity measurements collected over multiple emission angles. This letter presents experimental observations of the coherent backscattering effect from mid-frequency (3–4 kHz) shallow water reverberation measurements collected using a two-dimensional hydrophone array (8.4×1.5 m2). These results demonstrate the presence of coherent effects in shallow water reverberation not commonly accounted for.
Mystics and Sufi masters: Thomas Merton and dialogue between Christians and Muslims

The Cistercian, Trappist monk Thomas Merton (1915–1968), author of numerous books on Christian spirituality, monasticism and social commentary, was a forerunner in popular inter‐religious dialogue in the twentieth century. In this connection, he is best known for his sympathetic explorations of themes from Asian religions, particularly Zen and other forms of Buddhism. This article calls attention to his studies in Islam, initially under the guidance of Louis Massignon (1883–1962), and particularly in Sufism. It highlights his interactions with a number of contemporary Muslim thinkers, and describes his decade‐long correspondence with a Pakistani Muslim student of Sufi texts, a unique instance of a sustained dialogue in letters on religious themes between a Muslim and a Christian in modern times. The article also calls attention to the ways in which Merton took inspiration from Islamic sources in the development of his own spiritual teaching.
Nonlinear dynamics of surface stabilized premixed and diffusion flames : current trends and future directions

Abstract Instabilities of premixed and diffusion hydrogen/air flames near surfaces are modeled using complex gas-phase reaction chemistry and numerical bifurcation theory. Steady-state multiplicities are computed using a combined dynamically adaptive multiple weights arc-length continuation algorithm and Newton's method, and their dynamics is examined through local stability analysis and direct numerical integration. For premixed flames, it is found that Hopf bifurcations exist over a wide range of pressure, and the pressure–temperature stability diagram exhibits many similarities to experimental results and simulations in a continuous-stirred tank reactor. It is shown that reaction exothermicity is not a prerequisite for oscillations but can expand the regime over which oscillations are observed. We report oscillations for diffusion flames at atmospheric pressure, for the first time, as the surface fuel flow rate decreases toward the thermally quenched flammability limit. Overall, the bifurcation behavior of a diffusion flame exhibits a remarkable similarity to that of a premixed flame by an appropriate choice of parameters. Implications for oscillations in condensed fuels prior to flame extinction and future research directions are briefly discussed.
The Effect of Pokeberry Ingestion on Immune Response in Turkeys

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of pokeberry ingestion on immune response in turkeys. In the first experiment, addition of pokeberries to a control diet at levels of 2.5% or 5.0% had no significant effect on feed consumption or production of sheep’s red blood cell (SRBC) antibodies. In the second experiment, drenching with a pokeberry suspension had no significant effect on production of SRBC antibodies.
Locus of Control and Depth of Processing in Children

A children's locus of control (LOC) measure was administered to 153 sixth-grade students who were subsequently assigned to one of four processing conditions. Groups were instructed to encode a word list semantically, acoustically, orthographically, or any way the S wished and to retain them for a later recognition test. Criterion variables included total number of words correctly recognized as well as four varieties of distractor choices. Support was provided for the contention that externals tend to encode stimuli in more superficial ways than do internals, although the amount of variance in recognition memory accounted for by the LOC measure was small. Encoding conditions had a marked effect on retention, and false distractor choices appeared to reflect the level at which stimulus words were encoded.
Superoxide radicals and hemorrhagic shock: Are intravascular radicals associated with mortality?

Abstract Superoxide radicals (SORs) are formed during hemorrhagic shock. However, the association between SOR formation and mortality remains undefined. Would neutralization of SORs during shock improve survival? Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was covalently linked to Ficoll to prolong vascular persistence and ensure ongoing neutralization of intravascular SORs. Six groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Rats were exsanguinated to a mean arterial pressure of 30 Torr, sustained for 60 min. Ficoll linked superoxide dismutase (SOD-F), 5000 Units + catalase, 150 Units, was suspended in 1 ml of saline and injected following the 60-min hypotensive period. Resuscitation followed for appropriate groups. Pretreated SOD-F rats received a 1-ml bolus prior to exsangination. Pretreatment with SOD-F did not improve survival in non-resuscitated groups despite improvement in vascular circulation ( P > 0.10, NS). In the standard non-resuscitation group, there is also no improvement ( P > 0.10, NS). Resuscitation with or without SOD-F significantly alters survival rates ( P P > 0.10, NS). Although SOD-F has a vascular half-life advantage over SOD, the improvement in survival is statistically non-significant. Intravascular SORs do not appear to be associated with mortality. SOR release and consequent damage to the vasculature may be preceded by a more significant intracellular damage. Intracellular SOR damage and its association with mortality in hemorrhagic shock remains an open issue.
Partial inactivation of Na,K-ATPase in cortical brain slices incubated in normal Krebs-Ringer phosphate medium at 1 and at 10 atm oxygen pressures.

: Na, K-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase EC 3.6.1.3) activity was determined in homogenates of cortical brain slices after incubation in normal Krebs-Ringer phosphate medium at 1 atm oxygen pressure. After 10 min of incubation Na,K-ATPase activity was reduced by approximately 50%. Longer incubation did not cause further change in activity. The presence of 0.1 mM-MnCl2 in the medium offered significant protection. while an excursion to 10 atm oxygen pressure caused further inactivation. Measurements of malonaldehyde levels suggest that the inhibition of Na,K-ATPase is a result of lipid peroxidation. The evidence indicates that brain slices incubated under standard conditions suffer considerable oxidative damage.
An implementation architecture of the GTRBAC model

Generalized Temporal Role Based Access Control (GTRBAC) [1] is an extension of the well known RBAC model that supports temporal constraints on access control policies. GTRBAC is an expressive but complex model supporting many types of temporal constraints. Presence of such many constraints poses a great challenge in implementing the GTRBAC model, making it difficult to be adopted in real organizations. In this paper, we present our novel architecture to implement the GTRBAC model. The central idea is to enforce all the different types of temporal constraints in a uniform way by generating a set of predefined system operations. In this way, our implemented GTRBAC system has the following features: (1) It can be implemented on top of any existing RBAC systems; (2) The conflicts among different types of constraints are resolved in a nature way by resolving the conflicts among those predefined system operations; (3) It is very convenient to add new types of constraints into our system. We believe our work is valuable to the organizations who are interested in the expressiveness of GTRBAC but worry about its deployment because of implementation complexity.
Dynamic properties of human tympanic membrane – experimental measurement and modelling analysis

An experimental setup for dynamic testing of human tympanic membrane (TM) with the material testing system and laser Doppler vibrometry is reported in this paper. The experiment on TM specimen was simulated in finite element (FE) model using acoustic-structure coupled analysis. The generalised standard linear solid (Weichert) model was used as the constitutive law for the TM, and the dynamic properties of the TM was derived by inverse-problem solving method. The complex modulus in frequency-domain and the relaxation modulus in time-domain were obtained. The mean value of storage modulus of eight TM specimens was 54.34 at the frequency of 200 Hz and 65.54 MPa at 8,000 Hz, while the mean loss modulus was 1.92 at 200 Hz and 6.12 MPa at 8,000 Hz. These results were compared with the published data measured with the miniature split Hopkinson tension bar. The methods and data reported here contribute to the field of soft tissue biomechanics in both experimental measurement and theoretical analysis of ear.
The inverse-narrow-width effect

For the first time an analytical expression can simulate the inverse-narrow-width effect. The inverse-narrow-width effect is a reduction in the threshold voltage of a MOSFET with decreasing channel width. We compare the model with experimental threshold voltage data from small-geometry PMOS devices with fully recessed isolation oxides and an inverse-narrow-width effect is predicted.
Terminally functionalized polyethylenes as compatibilizers for wood-polyethylene composites

Isocyanate-terminated polyethylenes (PE), PE-MDI and PE-PMDI, were synthesized by reacting polyethylene monoalcohol (PEA) with 4,4′-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI), respectively. Effects of PEA, PE–MDI, and PE–PMDI on the mechanical properties and water resistance of wood–PE composites were investigated. All three compatibilizers increased the strength of the wood–PE composites. Composites containing PE–MDI or PE–PMDI exhibited a higher modulus of rupture (MOR) than those with PEA. The addition of PE–MDI and PE–PMDI decreased the water uptake rate of the composites while PEA increased this rate. The superior compatibilization effects of PE–MDI and PE–PMDI were attributed to the formation of covalent bonding between isocyanate and wood. This covalent bonding was demonstrated by the FTIR spectra of the wood residues after a p-xylene extraction. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that isocyanate-terminated PE samples improved the interfacial adhesion between wood and PE. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:108–113, 2006. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Use of Lumbar Periosteal Turnover Flaps in Myelomeningocele Closure

Objective We report our experience with a previously undescribed method of myelomeningocele closure, which is the use of bilateral lumbar periosteal flaps as an additional tissue layer in complex cases. These flaps reinforce the dural repair, act to protect the spinal cord, and may help to contain any potential cerebrospinal fluid leak from the primary repair of the cord, thereby preventing pseudomeningocele formation. Methods The repair involves the development of bilateral thoracolumbar fascial flaps in conjunction with periosteal flaps, which are elevated from adjacent lumbar pedicles and transverse processes, thus forming a composite tissue flap. These periosteally based flaps may be closed in a "pants over vest" fashion to completely cover the spinal defect, reinforcing the neurosurgical repair. The flap anatomy and dissection are detailed. Results Two representative cases in which the lumbar periosteal turnover flap procedure was used are reported. One patient was operated on during the early neonatal period for primary myelomeningocele repair; the other was operated on at age 5 years after a tethered cord release. Durable, stable soft tissue coverage of the spinal cord was obtained in both patients, with a postoperative follow-up period of at least 12 months. There was no recurrence of the pseudomeningocele noted preoperatively in the second patient. Conclusion The lumbar periosteal turnover flap may be used to reinforce tenuous spinal cord and dural repairs in the myelomeningocele patient. This method provides a secure and watertight closure over the primary repair of the cord, may help to contain potential cerebrospinal fluid leaks, and adds an additional autologous tissue layer to standard skin or muscle flap repairs.
Creep-Induced Microstructural Changes in Large Welded Joints of High Cr Heat Resistant Steel

Abstract The creep damage process of high-Cr steel welded joints is characterized by the formation and growth of creep voids prior to the initiation of cracking, and this formation and growth accounts for a large proportion of creep life. Therefore, there has been much investigation into the detection and quantitative evaluation of creep voids and microcracks in welded joints for use in remaining life assessment. However, the microstructure around creep voids and microcracks is still not well known. In this study, a creep test on a large welded joint in Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel was conducted under 60 MPa at 650 °C. The observation of the microstructure in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) was made for the specimen interrupted the creep tests at 25% of a rupture life. The microstructure around the creep void was characterized using an electron backscatter diffraction pattern (EBSD) method. It was founded that creep voids formed and developed along random high angle grain boundaries that were not subject to K-S orientation relationship in the martensitic transformation. In addition, the initially formed void promoted preferential dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization in its surrounding microstructure, followed by sub-boundary formation.
Cardiovascular actions of prostaglandins F2α; 15-me-F2α; F1α; F2β and F1β in the cat

Abstract Prostaglandin F2α (5μg/kg, i.v.) causes an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure, decrease in systemic arterial pressure, and reflex bradycardia in the anesthetized cat. The same dose of the 15-methyl analogue of PGF2α produces the same triad of effects but of greater magnitude and duration. Although prostaglandins F1α, F2β and F1β also cause the same cardiovascular effects as F2α, there is a decrease in potency for all parameters measured, with PGF2α>PGF1α>PGF2β>PGF1β. When compared to the actions of PGF2α in producing an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure, PGs F1α, F2β and F1β were less potent by approximately 10, 100, and 1000 fold respectively.
A five-year analysis of university initiatives to increase faculty engagement

DATA from the educational technology development initiatives (technology grants and technology-immersion seminars) were used to map trends in the technology development of faculty at a large, research-one, public university. The study’s populations are described by gender, appointment status, and disciplinary area. Changes over a five-year period (1999–2003) in faculty baseline technology skills and interests are tracked; the success of programs in increasing faculty technology use are measured; and effects of institutional supports on the continued development of faculty competencies are discussed. An analysis of data showed that faculty maintained consistent interest in and need for baseline skill development and that these instructional needs were well met by the technology immersion programs. The faculty-grant program demonstrated gradual progress in baseline skills from simple Web-based dissemination of course content to more interactive modalities. It supported best the “early adopter” faculty, whereas the immersion seminars served best the needs of novice users. Both programs resulted in successful educational technology implementations, however, all participants required ongoing support. Program successes substantiate continued support for educational technology instruction for faculty that accommodates faculty culture by providing broad-based and diverse models
Effects of N-trifluoroacetyl adriamycin-14-valerate (AD32) on nuclear RNA synthesis in cultured L1210 cells

Abstract N -Trifluoroacetyl adriamycin-14-valerate (AD32), an analog of adriamycin, inhibits nuclear RNA synthesis. It inhibits rRNA, non-poly(A) hnRNA and poly(A) hnRNA with essentially no effect on smaller nuclear RNA species (
In-Network Trajectory Privacy Preservation

Recent advances in mobile device, wireless networking, and positional technologies have helped location-aware applications become pervasive. However, location trajectory privacy concerns hinder the adoptability of such applications. In this article, we survey existing trajectory privacy work in the context of wireless sensor networks, location-based services, and geosocial networks. In each context, we categorize and summarize the main techniques according to their own feathers. Furthermore, we discuss future trajectory privacy research challenges and directions.
User type clustering to refine search and browse for educational resources (abstract only)

Educational portals such as Algoviz.org contain rich information resources, and a key concern is directing the users to specific resources that are of interest to them. While AlgoViz has significant traffic, we cannot count on active user participation in the form of explicit ratings of individual resources. Often called a "cold-start" problem, this scenario is well-known in community-based websites. Lacking active user data, we instead use log data to deduce user trends. We describe our techniques for clustering users based on the log data. We show how this cluster analysis can be used to refine searching and browsing within AlgoViz. Our approach has the potential to be useful for a wide range of educational resource portals.
Cadmium Exposure in the South Korean Population: Implications of Input Assumptions for Deterministic Dietary Assessment

ABSTRACT Dietary exposure to Cadmium (Cd) is of increasing interest globally because of the adverse health effects of Cd arising from multiple sources. The assumptions used when undertaking deterministic assessment of Cd in global or regional diets have implications when applied to specific national cases representing local variation in food composition and consumption patterns different from global or regional norms. We have conducted deterministic dietary Cd exposure assessments for the South Korean population using a variety of schemes for point estimation. Consumption data from the Korean Nutrition Survey (2001 to 2003) and monitoring data from the Korea Food and Drug Administration were used as the basis for the exposure estimates. The average daily per capita Cd exposure was 14 μ g for the South Korean population, representing about 27% of tolerable daily intake (TDI) and is similar to that reported in other countries. The hazard index (HI, the ratio of total Cd exposure to the TDI) typically ranged...
Sudden cardiac death: mechanisms, therapies and challenges.

Despite improvements in therapy, sudden cardiac death still poses a major problem for cardiovascular patients. In very high-risk patients, half of premature deaths are sudden. Certain inotropic drugs can increase the risk of death, but mechanical devices can provide prophylactic benefits. Winslowet al. sum up the major issues and challenges in this review. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of cardiac death in the US. In the past few years, intensive efforts have been made to expand public awareness of SCD and to increase our understanding of its pathophysiology, medical treatment options and device therapy. Significant advances have been made in our ability to prevent SCD in both primary and secondary health care. Two critical issues remain, however: the identification of patients who would benefit from such therapies, and how to achieve even greater prevention, especially primary prevention. The goal of this article is to provide a review of the topic of SCD in the setting of abnormal myocardial substrate, to outline the techniques that are useful in identifying patients at risk, and available treatment options.
Cardiac Troponin I Mutants PHOSPHORYLATION BY PROTEIN KINASES C AND A AND REGULATION OF Ca2+-STIMULATED MgATPase OF RECONSTITUTED ACTOMYOSIN S-1

Abstract The significance of site-specific phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I (TnI) by protein kinase C and protein kinase A in the regulation of Ca2+-stimulated MgATPase of reconstituted actomyosin S-1 was investigated. The TnI mutants used were T144A, S43A/S45A, and S43A/S45A/T144A (in which the identified protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, Thr-144 and Ser-43/Ser-45, were, respectively, substituted by Ala) and S23A/S24A and N32 (in which the protein kinase A phosphorylation sites Ser-23/Ser-24 were either substituted by Ala or deleted). The mutations caused subtle changes in the kinetics of phosphorylation by protein kinase C, and all mutants were maximally phosphorylated to various extents (1.3-2.7 mol of phosphate/mol of protein). Protein kinase C could cross-phosphorylate protein kinase A sites but the reverse essentially could not occur. Compared to wild-type TnI and T144A, unphosphorylated S43A/S45A, S43A/S45A/T144, S23A/S24A, and N32 caused a decreased Ca2+ sensitivity of Ca2+-stimulated MgATPase of reconstituted actomyosin S-1. Phosphorylation by protein kinase C of wild-type and all mutants except S43A/S45A and S43A/S45A/T144A caused marked reductions in both the maximal activity of Ca2+-stimulated MgATPase and apparent affinity of myosin S-1 for reconstituted (regulated) actin. It was further noted that protein kinase C acted in an additive manner with protein kinase A by phosphorylating Ser-23/Ser-24 to bring about a decreased Ca2+ sensitivity of the myofilament. It is suggested that Ser-43/Ser-45 and Ser-23/Ser-24 in cardiac TnI are important for normal Ca2+ sensitivity of the myofilament, and that phosphorylation of Ser-43/Ser-45 and Ser-23/Ser-24 is primarily involved in the protein kinase C regulation of the activity and Ca2+ sensitivity, respectively, of actomyosin S-1 MgATPase.
Factors affecting the first cleavage interval and effects of parental generation on tetraploid production in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract Tetraploidy is induced in rainbow trout by applying a pressure shock at a specific time point between insemination and first cleavage, or the first cleavage interval (FCI). Previous studies suggested that variation in the FCI among individuals and populations of fish prevents the identification of a single time point that can be used for all trout. In this study we confirmed the optimal time to apply pressure is 65 ± 5% of the FCI. In addition, we found that variation in FCI of fish from a common environment can be within limits that allow a single time point to be established for that group of fish, if ova post ovulatory aging is taken into account. Aging of ova, either in vivo or in vitro, increased FCI to a degree that is a concern for tetraploid induction. The FCI was about 12 min longer at 7 days post ovulation, and 30 min at 10–14 days, than at 1 day. The FCI for a group of fish was consistent throughout the spawning season. Survival to hatching and frequency of spinal abnormalities were similar for progeny of first and second generation tetraploid males, but survival was doubled and abnormalities reduced by approximately 90% in second generation tetraploid females compared with first generation females. All progeny of tetraploid by tetraploid crosses were determined to be tetraploids based on flow cytometry of embryonic cells. In summary, attention to ova aging and use of second generation female tetraploids allows efficient production of a tetraploid rainbow trout broodstock.