cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TheJing/Zhuan Structure of the Chuci Anthology: A New Approach to the Authorship of Some of the Poems

! I should like to acknowledge Professor Lin Weichun B"" for his series of lectures on the Chuci (1987, Ji'nan University, Canton) that inspired me to undertake this topic. A first version of this study was completed inJanuary 1996 as a paper for Professor Paul W. Kroll's seminar on Chuci, at the University of Colorado, Boulder. A summary of a revised version of that study was presented at the October 1996 meeting of the American Oriental Society (Western Branch), held in Tempe, Arizona. I should like to thank Professor Kroll for his suggestions for revision and Robert Ashmore for his comments and editing work on this paper. l Hanshu(Peking:Zhonghua,1987) (hereafterHS),30.1747. 9 See for example Dai Zhen Qg (1723-1777), Qu Yuan fu zhu S1gRS (Canton:
Influences of Tissue Optical Properties on Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Blood Flow Measurements

The influences of optical property assumptions on DCS flow index measurements were evaluated by phantom experiments, computer simulation and in-vivo measurements. The results suggest tissue scattering influence is greater than that of absorption.
SPECIES COMPOSITION AND SEASONAL PERIODICITY OF MACROALGAL SPECIES IN CORPUS CHRISTI BAY, TEXAS

Benthic algal sampling from selected sites along Corpus Christi Bay and from one site at the Port Aransas, Texas south jetty was completed between April 1999 and February, 2000. Species composition, seasonal periodicity, and fluctuations in temperature and salinity were determined. This is the first comprehensive study of benthic macroalgae conducted in Corpus Christi Bay, which is shallow, turbid, and lacks natural hard substrate. Man-made jetties are necessary for suitable floral attachment. Macroalgae are affected by changes in salinity as freshwater inflows are followed by periods of drought, which increase salinity. These effects are most notable where freshwater enters at the south end near Oso Bay and at the north end at Nueces Bay. Previous Texas algal collections described species of Enteromorpha, Ulva, Gelidium, and Gracilaria as the most dominant plants of the area. This supports the current study with the additions of Hypnea musciformis and Centroceras clavulatum. Dominant plants at the Port Aransas jetty include Ulva fasciata, Padina gymnospora, and Hypnea musciformis. The Rhodophyta including Gracilaria, Gelidium, and Centroceras clavulatum dominate the bay and do so throughout the year. Chlorophytes, although few in species richness, are important to benthic coverage and biomass. Phaeophyta are found predominantly at the Port Aransas jetty with Sargassum, Dictyota dichotoma, and Petalonia fascia being most abundant. A transition occurs in species composition as the water temperature changes seasonally. Hincksia, Ectocarpus, and Petalonia fascia are found only during the cooler months.
Comparison of Linear and Curvilinear Decreasing Terms in Logistic Flock Egg Production Models

Abstract The Adams-Bell (logistic-linear) and logistic-curvilinear flock egg production models were fitted to weekly hen-day egg production data and to the first 24 wk of data from 45 first-cycle flocks using the Marquardt method of the NLIN (nonlinear) procedure of SAS. Future egg production was predicted by extrapolating from 24 wk fits for the nonlinear models and from linear regression from peak production to 24 wk. Mean R2 value was significantly higher for the Adams-Bell model than for the logistic-curvilinear model using all data, but mean R2 was not different for fits to 24 wk. Mean percentage for error of prediction was significantly higher for the logistic-curvilinear model than for Adams-Bell, indicating a high prediction bias. Mean percentage error for Adams-Bell was significantly higher than for linear regression. Mean absolute error for the logistic-curvilinear model was significantly higher than for Adams-Bell, which was not different from linear regression. For predicting future egg production, linear regression after peak production is the simplest method and works as well or better than nonlinear models. For modeling the entire flock egg production curve, including the exponential rise to the peak, the Adams-Bell model is preferable, because its linear decreasing term provides better fits than the curvilinear (e–bt) decreasing term.
Design of HP Models of Proteins by Energy Gap Criterion Using Continuous Modeling and Optimization

The sequence of 20 types of amino acid residues in a heteropolymer chain of a protein is believed to be the basis for the 3-D conformation (folded structure) that a protein assumes to serve its functions. We present a deterministic optimization method to design the sequence of a simplified model of proteins for a desired conformation. A design methodology developed for the topology optimization of compliant mechanisms is adapted here by converting the discrete combinatorial problem of protein sequence design to a continuous optimization problem. It builds upon our recent work which used a minimum energy criterion on a deterministic approach to protein design using continuous models. This paper focuses on the energy gap criterion, which is argued to be one of the most important characteristics determining the stable folding of a protein chain. The concepts, methodology, and illustrative examples are presented using HP models of proteins where only two types (H: hydrophobic and P: polar) of monomers are considered instead of 20. The highlight of the method presented in this paper is the drastic reduction in computational costs.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Myasthenia, thymoma, presynaptic antibodies, and a continuum of neuromuscular hyperexcitability

To the Editor: Vernino et al.1 have confirmed our original observations of an association of rippling muscles with myasthenia gravis,2 but have misquoted us. We did not record repetitive motor unit discharges during rippling muscles when our patient was originally seen. It is difficult to characterize the electrical activity reported in the paper by Vernino et al. at the gain and sweep settings shown in figure 3. A more specific description of the activity reported during the rippling, including size, shape, duration, frequency, and reproducibility of the potentials would be helpful. Could some of this be electrode movement artifact during the rippling phenomena? My patient with autoimmune rippling muscles was seen quite early in the course of his illness (1 month after the onset of his rippling). Eighteen months later, he was seen at another institution where the neuromuscular specialists also reported his rippling muscles to be “electrically silent.”3 When he returned several years later with florid myasthenia gravis and a thymoma, he did have spontaneous activity on his EMG (fibs, positive waves, etc.) with inflammatory changes on muscle biopsy, but he was no longer rippling. The cases of autoimmune rippling muscles reported by Muller-Felber et al.4,5 were also seen shortly after the onset of their rippling. Myotonia or motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) were not …
The role of television in language acquisition.

Abstract The conventional view among developmental psychologists is that television viewing does not contribute to a young viewer's language acquisition. That assumption is challenged. Evidence is presented that suggests that children can learn about language as they view television: (1) From age 2, children attend to television and view in an active, purposeful manner. (2) Some programs present dialogue in an attention-getting, content-redundant context. (3) Children can learn word meanings when viewing. (4) Children draw upon television as a source of verbal routines for their own play interactions.
Disappearance of parathion from flue-cured tobacco.

Replicated field experiments were conducted at three locations in North Carolina to study the disappearance of parathion from flue-cured tobacco. Immediately after application, parathion residues on green leaves, averaged over locations, were 51.0 and 78.8 ppm, respectively, for the 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha rates. These residues dropped to 0.63 and 1.50 ppm for the two rates at five days after application. Parathion residues disappeared from green leaves most rapidly during the first 24 hr after application; the loss was over 95 percent in five days and over 99 percent at nine days after application. Residues of paraoxon on green leaves were highest one day after application when concentrations averaged 1.4 and 3.0 ppm for application rates of 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha, respectively. Loss of total parathion residues during flue-curing ranged from 53 to 87 percent with an average of 72 percent.
Benchmarking the IT productivity paradox: Recent evidence from the manufacturing sector

The production of information services is modeled using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to assess the impact of information technology (IT) on productivity within the manufacturing sector. The performance issues of interest include: (1) investigating the relationship between resource allocation of IT budgets and costs such as labor (the inputs) to productivities achieved (the outputs); (2) benchmarking the relative IT-business value created in this manufacturing sector. These issues are examined by using performance data collected from Compustat(TM) databases and Information Week(TM) (IW) surveys of corporate IT executives. The results show that, through scale efficiencies, even efficient firms can improve their performance by reducing certain investments. Overall characteristics of efficient firms are provided so that other firms may emulate them in an effort to achieve benchmarked performance levels.
A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Construct Validity of the Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire Job Satisfaction Subscale.

Abstract Although several different measures have been developed to assess job satisfaction, large-scale examinations of the psychometric properties of most satisfaction scales are generally lacking. In the current study we used meta-analysis to examine the construct validity of the Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire Job Satisfaction Subscale (MOAQ-JSS; [Cammann, C., Fichman, M., Jenkins, D., & Klesh, J. (1979). The Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire. Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cammann, C., Fichman, M., Jenkins, G. D., & Klesh, J. (1983). Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire. In S. E. Seashore, E. E. Lawler, P. H. Mirvis, & C. Cammann (Eds.), Assessing organizational change: A guide to methods, measures, and practices (pp. 71–138). New York: Wiley-Interscience]), which is a brief, face-valid measure of global job satisfaction. Our analyses indicate that the MOAQ-JSS is a reliable and construct-valid measure of job satisfaction. We also report normative data for the MOAQ-JSS.
Measuring transient memory load

Abstract The purpose of these experiments was to validate a measure of transient memory load used originally in a study of sentence comprehension. Subjects performed simple mental arithmetic problems which were presented visually in a sequential fashion. At some point in the presentation of each problem, the sequential display was interrupted and a memory task was introduced. Results indicate that errors on both the memory task and the arithmetic problem are positively related to the load imposed upon memory by the arithmetic problem at the point at which it is interrupted by the memory task.
United States cosmetic ingredient labeling

United States federal regulations require ingredient listing on cosmetics labeled after November 30, 1976. Standardized ingredient nomenclature from a reference text will be utilized to minimize confusion which might arise if various synonyms for chemical names were used. This new information on cosmetics labeling will assist physicians in the diagnosis of cosmetic-related dermatoses. It should facilitate the patch testing procedure by enabling the dermatologist to focus attention on suspect ingredients early in the evaluation. Once the identify of offending ingredients in a cosmetic has been determined for a particular patient, the individual will have the opportunity to avoid those ingredients and related ingredients in future purchases of cosmetics.
Evaluation of cone biopsy in the management of carcinoma in situ of the cervix

Abstract The success of conization in eradicating carcinoma in situ of the cervix was investigated. Between 1964 and 1973, 115 patients with carcinoma in situ of the cervix on cone biopsy were subsequently treated, within a maximum of 6 wk, by total hysterectomy. Residual significant disease (defined as carcinoma in situ or severe dysplasia) was found in the uterus of 51% of these patients. If in situ carcinoma was present at the surgical margins of resection in the cone biopsy, the incidence of residual significant disease in the uterus was 81%. Absence of in situ carcinoma at the surgical margin of the cone was associated with residual significant disease in the uterus in 31% of cases. This difference is statistically significant ( P
Specialized Surface Protrusions of Invasive Cells, Invadopodia and Lamellipodia, Have Differential MT1‐MMP, MMP‐2, and TIMP‐2 Localization

: Surface protrusions, invadopodia, and analogous lamellipodia at the leading edge of an invasive cell, which make contact with the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM), are the main motor for cellular locomotion and invasion. Previous studies have demonstrated that invadopodia, but not lamellipodia, are sites of ECM degradation on the cell surface. Such degradative activity is in part due to the localization of latent matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and membrane type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP) to invadopodia, where MMP activation occurs. Although lamellipodia exhibit similar structure and mobility to invadopodia, lamellipodia, by virtue of their location at the cellular periphery, are readily accessible to the soluble tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and blood-borne inhibitors. We show here that TIMP-2 co-localizes with MT1-MMP and MMP-2 at lamellipodia but not with that of invadopodia. Thus, the MMP-TIMP localization at lamellipodia may be a key mechanism for the regulation of MMP activation on the cell surface, which in turn governs expression of the cell-invasive phenotype.
The relation between international capital flows and interest rates: A theoretical analysis

Commonly, macro trade models which analyze the effects of governmental policies assumed that the rate of the international flow of capital is dependent upon international interest rates. This paper demonstrates that such a specification is inconsistent with the assumption of arbitrage in securities internationally.
High-energy facility development plan

Plans for the deployment of a comprehensive set of instruments designed to study the high-energy emissions of solar flares have been developed as part of a series of studies for an Advanced Solar Observatory (ASO). These studies have identified the Space Station as the preferred mode for the deployment of the full ASO. The accident of the Space Shuttle Challenger in 1986, and the growth in the estimated costs for the Space Station during the fiscal year 1989 budget discussions, have created an uncertain climate within the United States Space Program, making it difficult to predict the schedule for major programs such as the ASO. Approaches to the deployment of instruments for the study of high-energy solar emissions alone, or in conjunction with other solar instruments are discussed. As an independent entity the High-Energy Facility could be on a co-orbiting platform.
Radiation therapy for sinonasal inverted papilloma

Abstract Purpose We retrospectively reviewed long-term outcomes of patients with inverted papilloma (IP) treated with radiation therapy at our institution. Methods and Materials From 1969 to 2008, 13 patients with advanced or recurrent IP (n = 12) or cylindrical papilloma (n = 1) were treated with radiation therapy. The median age at radiation therapy was 53 years old (range, 32-84). Nine patients received postoperative radiation therapy, 3 received definitive radiation therapy, and 1 received preoperative radiation therapy. Of the 10 patients treated with combined-modality treatment, 1 underwent craniofacial resection and 9 underwent open resection. Eight patients, 4 patients, and 1 patient received once-daily fractionation, twice-daily fractionation, and planned split-course radiation therapy, respectively, to a median dose of 65 Gy (range, 45.3-70.4 Gy). Results The median follow-up was 16.2 years. Actuarial 15-year overall and cause-specific survival rates were 62% and 82%. Fifteen-year actuarial local and regional control rates were 45% and 73%. Fifteen-year local-regional control rates for IP alone and IP associated with squamous cell carcinoma (IP-SCC) at the time of treatment were 80% and 16%. Fifteen-year overall survival rates for IP alone and IP-SCC were 40% and 50%. The only severe treatment complication was a grade 3 central nervous system radionecrosis. The most common grade 1-2 toxicities were mucositis (61%), pain (46%), conjunctivitis (31%), xerostomia (31%), epiphora (31%), and anorexia (31%). Conclusions While surgery is the primary treatment for IP, radiation therapy should be considered in patients with SCC, multiply recurrent IPs, and incompletely resectable IP. Radiation therapy is associated with a relatively low risk of severe complications. Despite more aggressive treatment, local failure remains a considerable challenge.
Some Recent Additions to the Editorial Board

The wheels of a journal of our scope and frequency of appearance would no doubt grind to a halt without the efforts of our Associate Editors. In spite of the heavy demands of their own work, they solicit and badger reviewers, read and evaluate papers, and make suggestions and recommendations, typically under a protective cloak of semianonymity. Intermittently, we will ask some of them to step briefly into the limelight, putting a human face to the names appearing monthly in our masthead. In this issue, three of our more recent additions to the Editorial Board, Chris Rehmann, Terry Sturm, and Hyoseop Woo, introduce themselves.
Autocrine Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Promotes In Vivo Th17 Cell Differentiation

TGF-β1 is a regulatory cytokine that has an important role in controlling T cell differentiation. T cell-produced TGF-β1 acts on T cells to promote Th17 cell differentiation and the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the exact TGF-β1-producing T cell subset required for Th17 cell generation and its cellular mechanism of action remain unknown. Here we showed that deletion of the Tgfb1 gene from activated T cells and Treg cells, but not Treg cells alone, abrogated Th17 cell differentiation, resulting in almost complete protection from EAE. Furthermore, differentiation of T cells both in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that TGF-β1 was highly expressed by Th17 cells and acted in a predominantly autocrine manner to maintain Th17 cells in vivo. These findings reveal an essential role for activated T cell-produced TGF-β1 in promoting the differentiation of Th17 cells and controlling inflammatory diseases.
Effects of cognitive-behavioral music therapy on fatigue in patients in a blood and marrow transplantation unit: A mixed-method pilot study

Abstract Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is an under-treated condition frequently experienced by cancer patients, which can negatively affect wellbeing during and after hospitalization. The purpose of this mixed-method pilot study was to determine if and how cognitive-behavioral music therapy (CBMT) might reduce fatigue in hospitalized patients in an adult blood and marrow transplant (BMT) unit. The researchers measured the effects of CBMT on five aspects of participant fatigue using a convergent parallel mixed-method design. The participants (N = 11) were randomly assigned to experimental or wait-list control conditions and completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory ( Smets, Garssen, Bonke, & De Haes, 1995 ) at pre- and posttest. The experimental participants completed a semi-structured interview prior to hospital discharge. The quantitative results indicated no significant between-group differences regarding fatigue. However, the experimental participants tended to have decreases in the mean fatigue scores from pre- to posttest, whereas the control participants had increases in the mean fatigue scores from pre- to posttest. The qualitative data tended to support the quantitative data and indicated that CBMT: (a) cognitively influenced fatigue by increasing motivation and self-efficacy, (b) affectively influenced fatigue by promoting relaxation and restful states, and (c) represented a meaningful, unique, and holistic service for hospitalized BMT patients. CBMT may be an effective intervention regarding various aspects of fatigue in hospitalized BMT patients. Because of the small sample size, the results should be interpreted with caution. The limitations of the study, implications for clinical practice, and suggestions for future research are provided.
Synthesis and in vitro bioactivity of human growth hormone-releasing factor analogs substituted with a single D-amino acid

Fifty-four analogs of human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF) substituted with a single D-amino acid were synthesized by solid phase methodology. Their capacity to release growth hormone was tested on rat anterior pituitary cells in monolayer culture. Among the series of 28 analogs, which had the amino acid at each position of hGRF (1-29)NH2, except glycine at position 15, substituted by the corresponding D-isomer, [D-Ala2]-, [D-Asp3]-, [D-Asn8]-, [D-Tyr10]-, [D-Asp25]-, [D-Met27]-, [D-Ser28]-, and [D-Arg29]hGRF(1-29)NH2 were as potent as hGRF(1-29)NH2, while [D-Ile5]-, [D-Phe6]-, [D-Thr7]-, and [D-Val13]hGRF(1-29)NH2 showed quite low potencies. Effects of substitution with other D-amino acids in positions 2,3,8,9,10 and 11 were also studied. In most cases, the resulting analogs showed decreased potency, but still retained high intrinsic activity. Only [D-Arg2]hGRF(1-29)NH2 showed very low intrinsic activity and some antagonistic property.
Computed 13C NMR Chemical Shifts via Empirically Scaled GIAO Shieldings and Molecular Mechanics Geometries. Conformation and Configuration from 13C Shifts

Accurate (rms error ∼3 ppm) predictions of 13C chemical shifts are achieved for many of the common structural types of organic molecules through empirical scaling of shieldings calculated from gauge including atomic orbitals (GIAO) theory with a small basis set and with geometries obtained from computationally inexpensive molecular mechanics methods. Earlier GIAO calculations are shown to be much better at predicting relative chemical shifts when density functional theory with the B3LYP hybrid functional is used to account for electron correlation, in comparison with Hartree−Fock calculations. The GIAO isotropic shieldings need to be empirically scaled to achieve good numerical agreement with experimental δC. GIAO calculations with different small basis sets are compared for a set of 38 model compounds containing C, H, O, and N with MMX and MM3 force fields and B3LYP/6-31G* optimizations providing the geometries. The best MM3-based results are obtained with B3LYP/3-21G(X,6-31+G*)//MM3 calculations in whic...
Fungistatic activity of the sternal gland secretion of the dampwood termite Zootermopsis angusticollis

In vivo and in vitro studies indicate that cuticular chemicals from the ventral region of the abdomen where the sternal gland of the dampwood termite Zootermopsis angusticollis is located have fungistatic properties. Germination rates of conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae were significantly reduced from 91% (controls) to 38.5% after nymphs walked over conidia-seeded agar medium, but did not differ from controls when the sternal gland and surrounding cuticle were sealed with nail polish. In vitro studies show that germination of fungal conidia was also significantly reduced following incubation with cuticular extracts of either sternal or tergal segments suggesting that cuticular exudates in general may have antifungal properties. Extracts of sternites had greater fungistatic activity than extracts of tergites, but the difference was not statistically significant. Extracts of the sternal gland significantly reduced germination rates by up to 9%. Germination rates were significantly reduced when conidia were incubated with n-hexanoic acid, or its vapor. n-Hexanoic acid has been recovered from whole body extracts of Zootermopsis nevadensis and may indeed be a component of the sternal gland of Z. angusticollis. Here we suggest that sternal gland secretions in termites may have had the original function of controlling microbes within the nest and their prominent role in communication may have evolved secondarily.
THE ENERGY GENERATION MECHANISMS POWERING INFRARED-SELECTED GALAXIES

I have applied newly available optical emission line diagnostics to two samples of infrared-luminous galaxies in a program to discriminate between possible energy generation mechanisms, i.e., active nuclei and starbursts. The first sample was composed of very faint (F(60 microns) < 180 mJy, z < 0.3) galaxies drawn from coadded IRAS scans of the North Ecliptic Pole Region (NEPR). The second sample consisted of 37 much brighter sources drawn from the IRAS Bright Galaxy Sample (BGS). Analysis of the redshift distribution of the NEPR sample revealed clustering is present on scales ~10 Mpc. In addition, a very strong cluster was identified at z=0.088 that has a surface density roughly three times greater than the Great Wall. Out of the 76 galaxies observed from the NEPR sample 17 had strong spectra suitable for the analysis, which was based on the relative intensities of forbidden and permitted emission lines. While 3 sources could be classified as AGNs and another 7 as starburst galaxies, the remaining 7 eluded classification. Longslit optical emission-line spectra, which effectively separated nuclear and disk contributions to the emission, indicated the BGS galaxies contained 7 AGNs and 24 starbursts. In a minority of 6 cases, however, the line diagnostics failed to unambiguously classify the luminosity source. Follow-up near-infrared imaging showed that the 'straddlers' have redder near-infrared colors than the other BGS galaxies. The optical spectra and near-infrared colors taken together with morphological peculiarities imply that the straddlers are composite objects harboring low-luminosity active nuclei residing within starburst disks. Finally, the optical spectrum of a high redshift IRAS galaxy was analysed. IRAS 18003+6652 is the third most distant (z=0.088) galaxy known to have been observed by IRAS and has an unusually strong emission line spectrum in combination with low-ionization absorption features.
At once harmful and beneficial: the dual properties of NF-kappaB.

Transcription factor NF-κB is key in both the injury and repair of damaged tissues. Astrocytes use the non-canonical NF-κB activation pathway to modulate brain inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Tactile input to the crayfish tegumentary neuropile

Abstract 1. 1. Receptive fields and response characteristics of tegumentary nerves and interneurons in the tegumentary neuropile of the crayfishes Procambarus spiculifer and Orconectes virilis were determined with electrophysiological recording techniques. 2. 2. Tegumentary nerves innervate the anterior third of the cephalothorax in three partially overlapping receptive fields. 3. 3. Receptor neuron responses to controlled stimulation are of one class: a logarithmic increase in stimulus intensity results in a linear increase in output. 4. 4. Receptive fields for 23 interneurons in the tegumentary neuropile cover most of the animal's surface. Four classes of interneuronal responses were identified. 5. 5. Input to the tegumentary neuropile may assist in detecting pertinent mechanical features of the aquatic environment.
Eddy current response to metallic solidification in one dimension

The eddy current response to solidification is modelled in one dimension. The calculated responses show characteristics that can be identified with different solidification morphologies and the extent of solidification. Similarly, the calculated response to cooling the melt and mold either prior to or after freezing have a characteristic behavior which is different from that of the solidification process. The results indicate that for the case of lead and most metals with similar electrical conductivity discontinuities between liquid and solid metal actual eddy current responses to cooling and solidification can be measured.
Stratigraphic record across a retroarc basin inversion: Rocas Verdes–Magallanes Basin, Patagonian Andes, Chile

The Mesozoic evolution of the Andean Cordillera of southern Patagonia is recorded in two formations that are now part of the fold-thrust belt: the Zapata Formation and the Punta Barrosa Formation. Extension in the Ultima Esperanza region began in the Late Jurassic with deposition of the marine volcaniclastic Tobifera Formation and eventually resulted in the full-fledged oceanic Rocas Verdes Basin. The Zapata Formation was deposited over a time span of ∼50 m.y. in an irregular basin ultimately bordered by an Early Cretaceous arc to the west. It is characterized by interbedded shale and siltstone mostly deposited in shallow water and, in areas of oceanic crust emplacement, also as deep-water hemipelagic deposits. Sediments of the Zapata Formation were derived initially from local oceanic upwarps and Tobifera highs and later from the ande-sitic cover of the juvenile arc and/or exhumed oceanic crust. The paucity of sandstone in the Zapata Formation in the Ultima Esperanza region indicates a highly irregular basin partitioned by prominent horsts, with sand deposition confined to sub-basins closer to the arc. Changes in depositional regimes and sediment dispersal patterns related to the onset of Andean contraction and formation of the Magallanes foreland basin are recorded by sediments of the overlying Punta Barrosa Formation. This formation records the evolution of a fold-thrust belt on the basis of the multimodal mineralogical and geochemical character of its sandstone and shale. The presence of an arc is indicated, but nearby Andean metamorphic terranes are more significantly represented in Punta Barrosa sediments. Stratigraphic details across the Zapata and Punta Barrosa Formations indicate that deformation and development of a proto–Andean Cordillera in southern South America was initiated in the late Mesozoic and involved conspicuous crustal shortening.
Optical characterization of ferroelectric PZT thin films by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry

Ferroelectric thin films are used as high dielectric constant capacitors, infrared detectors, piezoelectric transducers, optical modulators, optical waveguides, and nonvolatile memory chips for dynamic random access memory (DRAM) etc. While ferroelectric and dielectric properties of these films have been extensively investigated, their optical properties have been comparatively less studied and of limited use in quantitative evaluation of multilayer thin films. In this work we explored the variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) technique for its effectiveness in physical property characterization. The VASE combined with its computer modeling tool enables nondestructive, nonintrusive, and contactless optical means for optical characterization. Crystalline Lead Zirconium Titanate PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3 (PZT) thin films, fabricated on SrTiO 3 layer atop of Si substrates, were characterized using VASE (J.A. Woollam; Lincoln, NE, USA) by determining the ellipsometric parameters Ψ and Δ as a function of wavelengths (200-1000 nm) and incident angles (65°, 70°,75°) at room temperature. A physical representation of the multilayer system was constructed by a six layer model (analysis software WVASE32, J.A. Woollam) through a step-by-step method. Other physical properties characterized by several well-known techniques on structure, morphology and topographical features correspond well with the models developed using VASE alone. The technique and the methodology developed have shown promises in identifying the respective thickness and optical properties of multilayer thin film system, with limited input of processing or composition information.
Schizophrenic patients and cocaine use: Antecedents to hospitalization and course of treatment

This study was designed to assess whether cocaine abuse was associated with a different set of antecedents and course for hospitalized schizophrenic patients. Forty-three cocaine-using and 27 non-cocaine-using patients with schizophrenia admitted to a dual diagnosis unit were compared with regard to antecedents to hospitalization such as prior treatment episodes, reliance on drugs for pleasure and tension reduction, and criminal history as well as course of hospital treatment. Cocaine-using patients were more likely to have had a history of prior inpatient drug treatment and to rely on drugs to a greater extent for tension reduction and pleasure. There was a trend for cocaine users to have a history of arrests for violent crimes. Although cocaine-using patients exhibited lower levels of global distress during the first week of hospitalization, they were no different from their counterparts who abused nonpsychostimulant drugs with regard to outcome of hospital treatment. These findings suggest that the lifetime course of illness among schizophrenic patients presenting for hospitalization who abuse cocaine may be characterized by episodes of repeated inpatient drug treatment and impaired impulse control. More rigorous discharge planning and aftercare program monitoring in the community as well as stress management interventions directed to tension reduction are therefore warranted.
Dissolution and growth of spinel crystals in a borosilicate glass

The rate of dissolution and growth of settling crystals of spinel was measured optically in a borosilicate melt that was pre-heated at a temperature above liquidus to erase the effects of previous history. The Hixson–Crowell equation, which is based on Fick's first law, was used to determine mass-transfer coefficients (kH) for dissolution and growth; both were found to fit the same Arrhenius function of temperature (T). An attempt was made to estimate the diffusion coefficient (D) and the concentration-boundary-layer thickness (δ). The calculated values of δ compared well with experimental results and observations. The D vs. T function was similar to a literature function obtained for the dissolution of magnetite in sodium disilicate glass.
Institutional borders, revolutionary imaginings and the becoming-adult of the child

Questions surrounding children's capacities and abilities to exert responsible agency have increasingly become a topic of interest in studies of children. Using an empirical example from a Family Treatment Drug Court (FTDC) case in the San Diego area, we discuss how a child entangled in familial circumstances of drug addiction actively exerts care and responsibility in and for the continual remaking of different familial and institutional boundaries and spatialities. In the process, we argue, can be found the becoming-adult of the child: a movement of becoming understood not through developmental stages or forms, but through what children do and are able to do.
The 22‐year variation of geomagnetic activity: Implications for the polar magnetic field of the Sun

We examine the average behavior of the aa index and its recent extension using proxy data over the period 1844 to the present. Over this period the daily average aa index fell from an average of about 18 in 1850 to a low of about 14.4 in 1900 to a high of 23 over the most recent solar cycles. Independently the amplitude of the 22-year variation of geomagnetic activity has also changed. It was its largest in the years 1862 to 1908 when it reached 30% of the mean activity but has been close to 0 in other years except from 1949 to 1970 when it was about 15% of the mean level of activity. Because the 22-year variation of geomagnetic activity is thought to be associated with the reversals of the polar magnetic field of the sun, these latter variations suggest that the strength of the polar magnetic field of the sun varies considerably over the long term.
Interactive effects of x-irradiation and barbiturates.

SummaryThe effects of varying doses of cephalic X-irradiation on barbiturate hypnosis have been examined in rats. An enhancement of hypnosis was found in the irradiated animals, the effect depending on the dose of radiation and the time post-irradiation. At relatively higher doses (5,000 and 10,000 r), the duration of thiopental hypnosis was significantly prolonged. Similarly, in the 10,000 r irradiated rats, the time of onset of hypnosis for the slow acting barbital was considerably shortened. Using pentobarbital, it was possible to demonstrate the enhancement effect, both with respect to onset and duration of hypnosis. It was also shown that even at the high doses of radiation employed, head X-irradiation produced no inhibition of the phenobarbital induction of microsomal enzyme activity as evidenced by the pharmacological effects.
Age-related changes in rat muscle glycogen synthase activity.

This study was designed to evaluate effects of aging on glycogen synthase activity in rat skeletal muscle. Total enzyme activity was shown to be significantly, (p less than .001) lower in tensor fascia latae, biceps femoris, and soleus muscle obtained from 24-month-old compared with 2-month-old rats. Similarly, values for the active form of enzyme were significantly lower, (p less than .001) in all three muscle types of 24-month-old compared with 2-month-old rats. This age-related decline in glycogen synthase activity was not due to a reduction in the affinity of the enzyme for its activator (glucose-6-phosphate) and was independent of the concentration of substrate (UDP-glucose) in the assay system. Because similar age-related changes were seen when enzyme activity was expressed per milligram of muscle protein or per gram of muscle tissue, the fall in enzyme activity was not a simple function of an age-related decline in muscle mass. Glycogen levels also were reduced significantly in tensor fascia latae, biceps femoris, and soleus of 24-month-old rats compared with 2-month-old rats, p less than .001. These results document an age-related change in a key enzyme regulating glycogen metabolism in muscle.
The varasichthyid and other crossognathiform fishes, and the Break-up of Pangaea

Crossognathiforms have been traditionally considered typical marine Cretaceous forms widely represented in the Northern Hemisphere and by a few members in Brazil. During the last 30 years they have been interpreted as Teleostei incertae sedis , clupeocephalans or a non-monophyletic group. New evidence indicates that the Oxfordian taxon Chongichthys (previously considered a Teleostei incertae sedis or a clupeocephalan), the Late Jurassic family Varasichthyidae (interpreted as basal teleosts), and the crossognathoids and pachyrhizodontoids form a clade here recognized as the Crossognathiformes. Varasichthyids are the sister group of a clade including Chongichthys (at the base) and crossognathoids+pachyrhizodontoids. The Crossognathiformes (including Varasichthyidae and Chongichthys ) are basal teleosts placed between the Late Jurassic basal genera Tharsis and Ascalabos in one tree or between Ascalabos and the ichthyodectiforms in the second tree. The position of elopomorphs as the most basal extant teleosts is confirmed. A new interpretation of the phylogenetic position of the clade [ Humbertia +[ Erichalcis +[ Leptolepides + Orthogonikleithrum ]]], at the base of clupeocephalans, is suggested. The presence of the Late Jurassic varasichthyids (e.g. Domeykos ) in South America (Chile) and Central America (Cuba; Luisichthys ), and Chongichthys (Chile), and of the Late Jurassic genera Ascalabos and Tharsis and the ichthyodectiforms (e.g. Allothrissops ) in Europe (e.g. Germany) allows the proposal of a sister-area relationship between Chile and Cuba, which was the sister area of Germany during the Late Jurassic. The Late Jurassic connection between the Palaeopacific (Chilean region) and the Tethys Sea (southern Germany) was through the newly formed Central Atlantic Ocean (Cuban region) as a result of the break up of Pangaea and separation of North America, South America and Africa.
Minimax filtering problems for observed poisson processes with uncertain rate functions

This paper treats the following decision problems for continuous-time systems with discontinuous observations (i.e., for systems observed through point processes): I. Robust matched filtering. II. Robust Wiener filtering III. Minimax state estimation for systems with noise uncertainty. In each case there is assumed to be some degree of uncertainty in the rate function of an observed Poisson process, and a corresponding minimax design philosophy is adopted. In Problem I we assume that the rate of the observation process is a deterministic function of time, and in Problems II and III we assume that these rates are wide-sense-stationary stochastic processes. General solutions to the three problems are considered in terms of least-favorable rate functions or processes, and several useful models of uncertainty are discussed in this context.
Prostaglandin biosynthesis from endogenous precursors in rabbit kidney.

THIS report describes the biosynthesis of the naturally occurring renal prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and F2α (PGF2α)1,2 by homogenates and slices of rabbit renal medulla, from endogenous precursors. I have confirmed that rabbit renal cortex contains little prostaglandin and cannot synthesize them from endogenous lipids3. Hamberg has reported that arachidonic acid, which is converted to PGE2 and PGF2α by enzymes present in ram seminal vesicles4, can be efficiently converted to PGE2 and PGF2α by homogenates of rabbit renal medulla3. I have now confirmed that arachidonic acid, added to such medullary homogenates, can increase the quantities of prostaglandins synthesized. There was no evidence that the major prostaglandin biosynthesized, PGE2, was further metabolized to inactive products.
Are cells in solid tissues immobile? Mesonephric mesenchyme studied in vitro.

Abstract Fragments of mesonephric mesenchyme isolated from 3-day avian embryos were allowed to round up in vitro. Pairs of tissue fragments were then fused and maintained in suspension culture. For the purpose of identification of cells, fusions were made between chick and quail or tritiated-thymidine labeled chick and unlabeled chick tissue fragments. Mobility of cells was detected by the movement of cells across the interfaces between the individual tissue fragments of the fused tissue masses. Since, after three days in culture, numbers of cells from one fragment were usually present within the depths of its partner fragment, it is concluded that cells within solid pieces of mesonephric mesenchymal tissue show continued mobility. Since large amounts of extracellular material were not found in the intercellular spaces of cultured tissue fragments, it is concluded that cell surfaces serve as the principal substrata for motility. Motility in solid tissue masses is not a reflection of the generalized loss of contact inhibition which is characteristic of invasive cells; contact inhibition of ruffled membrane activity was observed in mesonephric mesenchyme cells cultured in monolayer culture.
‘To treat or not to treat’. Kerrie Wooltorton, lessons to learn

One of the main reasons for contact of psychiatric patients with Accident and Emergency (AEdays later. The case raises many ethical and practice issues, and this review aims to clarify the medico legal position in such a situation. It draws on the Mental Capacity Act and case law, which clearly favour preservation of life, to argue that there are many lessons to learn from this case. There are enough safeguards for treating clinicians if they are not satisfied of the validity and applicability of the Advance Decision and decide to override it. Alternatively, any decision to follow the Advance Decision has to be objectively supported by evidence. The Mental Capacity Act itself allows for overriding the patient's wishes if certain criteria under the Mental Health Act are met. This route was not explored in the Wooltorton case and this is the main lesson to learn.
What Does “Say on Pay” Say about Audit Risk?

SUMMARY: This paper examines a sample of 36 firms that received a majority of negative shareholder votes on their executive compensation plan in the first round of Dodd-Frank mandated “say-on-pay” ...
State, power and mobile communication: a case study of China

China's telecommunications and information industry has seen unprecedented growth since the turn of the century, with the mobile telephony sector driving significant expansion. This article examines the Chinese government's strategy for managing the complexities of socio-economic changes created by the widespread adoption of mobile telephony. The study found that the government's adoption of subtler forms of power establishes a relational contract with Chinese telecommunications and information industry partners and citizenry as a foundation for implementing the strategy of controlled commodification. This contract acts to modify and clarify operational boundaries within private and public spheres in an attempt to manage often competing economic, social and political objectives.
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SMALL ISLANDS ACROSS THE WORLD

ABSTRACT This study develops the Tourism Penetration Index and applies it to 51 islands. The results confirm the most penetrated comprise Caribbean, Mediterranean and Northern Pacific islands typified by large resorts, crowding, short stays and the replacement of man‐made attractions for lost amenities. The least penetrated islands comprise mainly Pacific and Indian Ocean destinations characterized by small facilities, long stays, and limited infrastructure. The intermediate islands primarily fall into two groups: Caribbean islands advancing to the high‐density stage, and other destinations experiencing rapid growth and resource conflicts. The study concludes with planning implications and suggestions for further research.
Further Evidence Against the Orientation of Structure in Glass Fibers

The elastic properties of fine glass filaments of high strength lend no support to the view that the strong bonds are preferentially oriented. In particular, Poisson's ratio has a normal value very similar to that of massive glass. Furthermore, heat-treatment of these fibers does not change Poisson's ratio.
The Capacity of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Using Directional Antennas

Considering a disk of unit area with n nodes, we investigate the capacity of wireless networks using directional antennas. First, we study the throughput capacity of random directional networks with multihop relay schemes, and find that the capacity gain compared to random omnidirectional networks is O(log n), which is tighter than previous results. We also show that using directional antennas can significantly reduce power consumption in the networks. Second, for the first time, we explore the throughput capacity of random directional networks with one-hop relay schemes. Interestingly and against our intuition, we find that one-hop instead of multihop delivery schemes can make random directional networks scale. Third, we investigate the trade-offs between transmission range and throughput in random directional networks and show that using larger transmission range can result in higher throughput. Finally, we present a lower bound on the transport capacity of arbitrary directional networks, and find that without side lobe directional antenna gain, arbitrary directional networks can also scale.