cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ileostomy adenocarcinoma in Crohn's disease.

Adenocarcinoma of an ileostomy is rare with less than 50 reported cases in the literature. Ileostomy adenocarcinoma in Crohn’s disease is even more rare, with only 4 reported cases. We present a case of ileostomy adenocarcinoma with lymph node metastasis occurring 51 years after proctocolectomy and Brooke ileostomy in a female with Crohn’s disease. This case represents the longest documented interval between Brooke ileostomy and ileostomy adenocarcinoma diagnosis and summarizes clinical signs that warrant biopsy of a peristomal plaque to differentiate adenocarcinoma from clinical mimics such as pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). Clinical, histological, and surgical patient data were reviewed. A literature review of adenocarcinoma arising from ileostomy sites was performed. We report a case of a 67-year-old woman that presented with a peristomal skin lesion developing over 10 years. After multidisciplinary discussion between gastroenterology, colorectal surgery, and dermatology, ileoscopy revealed moderately differentiated, invasive adenocarcinoma arising from the ileostomy site. Wide surgical excision and en bloc resection of the peristomal lesions were performed, and the final pathology revealed lymph node metastasis. The patient is currently undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Clinicians should maintain a high level of suspicion when ileostomy patients develop a peristomal lesion.
Determination of Differences in Seed-Based Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Language Networks in Pediatric Patients with Left- and Right-Lateralized Language: A Pilot Study.

Background and Purpose The current tools available for localization of expressive language, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and cortical stimulation mapping (CSM), require that the patient remain stationary and follow language commands with precise timing. Many pediatric epilepsy patients, however, have intact language skills but are unable to participate in these tasks due to cognitive impairments or young age. In adult subjects, there is evidence that language laterality can be determined by resting state (RS) fMRI activity, however there are few studies on the use of RS to accurately predict language laterality in children. Methods A retrospective review of pediatric patients at Texas Children's Hospital was performed to identify patients who have undergone epilepsy surgical planning over 3 years with language localization using traditional methods of Wada testing, CSM, or task-based fMRI with calculated laterality index, as well as a 7-minute RS scan available without excessive motion or noise. We found the correlation between each subject's left and right Broca's region activity and each of 68 cortical regions. Results A group of nine patients with left-lateralized language were found to have greater voxel-wise correlations than a group of six patients with right-lateralized language between a left hemispheric Broca's region seed and the following six cortical regions: left inferior temporal, left lateral orbitofrontal, left pars triangularis, right lateral orbitofrontal, right pars orbitalis and right superior frontal regions. Conclusions In a cohort of children with epilepsy, we found that patients with left- and right-hemispheric language lateralization have different RS networks.
667-P: Optimized Pump Utilization and Increased Pump Initiation with Zero Additional Resource Utilization

By utilizing Certified Pump Trainers (CPTs) to teach patients how to best utilize their insulin pumps, our clinic has been able to provide superior care to their patients with diabetes, with zero additional clinic resources. This innovative partnership with all 3 pump companies has resulted in the doubling of the pump program in less than 1 years time. UCHealth patients treated within this program started with baseline HbA1cs as high as > 14.5%, with reductions achieved down to as low as 5.2%. Even though approximately 15% of patients did not reach glycemic goals, diabetes-related hospitalizations were reduced by 82% in that subpopulation after initiating pump therapy. These superiorA1C reductions and reduced hospitalizations outcomes are attributed in part to the advantage of having the expertise of company-trained CPT providing customized doing the insulin pump education, personalized training done in partnership between the CDE and CPT prior to training after a review of the patient’s assessment of preferred learning style(s). Additional clinical needs, educational barriers, and psychosocial issues prepare the CPT for a more comprehensive, individualized training. Easy access to care after initial training is essential, with both the CPT and the CDE providing phone support and in-person follow up in 1-2 weeks. Proper pump selection factoring in each patient’s needs, coupled with very patient-specific customization is contributing to the achievement of these superior outcomes and a doubling of our pump program without utilizing clinic resources. Disclosure L.A. Miysshiro: None. D. Hinnen: None.
Benchmark Performance of Emergency Medicine Residents in Pediatric Resuscitation: Are We Optimizing Pediatric Education for Emergency Medicine Trainees?

Background The majority of children in the United States seek emergency care at community-based general emergency departments (GEDs); however, the quality of GED pediatric emergency care varies widely. This may be explained by a number of factors, including residency training environments and postgraduate knowledge decay. Emergency medicine (EM) residents train in academic pediatric EDs, but didactic and clinical experience vary widely between programs, and little is known about the pediatric skills of these EM residents. This study aimed to assess the performance of senior EM residents in treating simulated pediatric patients at the end of their training. Methods This was a prospective, cross-sectional, simulation-based cohort study assessing the simulated performance of senior EM resident physicians from two Massachusetts programs leading medical teams caring for three critically ill patients. Sessions were video recorded and scored separately by three reviewers using a previously published simulation assessment tool. Self-efficacy surveys were completed prior to each session. The primary outcome was a median total performance score (TPS), calculated by the mean of individualized domain scores (IDS) for each case. Each IDS was calculated as a percentage of items performed on a checklist-based instrument. Results A total of 18 EM resident physicians participated (PGY-3 = 8, PGY-4 = 10). Median TPS for the cohort was 61% (IQR = 56%-70%). Median IDSs by case were as follows: sepsis 67% (IQR = 50%-67%), seizure 67% (IQR = 50%-83%), and cardiac arrest 67% (IQR = 43%-70%). The overall cohort self-efficacy for pediatric EM (PEM) was 64% (IQR = 60%-70%). Conclusions This study has begun the process of benchmarking clinical performance of graduating EM resident physicians. Overall, the EM resident cohort in this study performed similar to prior GED teams. Self-efficacy related to PEM correlated well with performance, with the exception of knowledge relative to intravenous fluid and vasopressor administration in pediatric septic shock. A significant area of discrepancy and missed checklist items were those related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and basic life support maneuvers.
Mendelian Randomization Study: The Association Between Metabolic Pathways and Colorectal Cancer Risk

Background: The roles of obesity-related biomarkers and their molecular pathways in the development of postmenopausal colorectal cancer (CRC) have been inconclusive. We examined insulin resistance (IR) as a major hormonal pathway mediating the association between obesity and CRC risk in a Mendelian randomization (MR) framework. Methods: We performed MR analysis using individual-level data of 11,078 non-Hispanic white postmenopausal women from our earlier genome-wide association study. We identified four independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with fasting glucose (FG), three with fasting insulin (FI), and six with homeostatic model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR), which were not associated with obesity. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for CRC by adjusting for potential confounding factors plus genetic principal components. Results: Overall, we observed no direct association between combined 13 IR genetic instruments and CRC risk (HR = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78-1.17). In phenotypic analysis, genetically raised HOMA-IR exhibited its effects on the increased risk and FG and FI on the reduced risk for CRC, but with a lack of statistical power. Subgroup analyses by physical activity level and dietary fat intake with combined phenotypes showed that genetically determined IR was associated with reduced CRC risk in both physical activity-stratified (single contributor: MTRR rs722025; HR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.02-0.62) and high-fat diet subgroups (main contributor: G6PC2 rs560887; HR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.37-0.94). Conclusions: Complex evidence was observed for a potential causal association between IR and CRC risk. Our findings may provide an additional value of intervention trials to lower IR and reduce CRC risk.
Casos de Ensino em Empreendedorismo: Dando Vida e Significado ao Aprendizado

As Adjunct Editor for cases and technological reports, it is with great satisfaction that I have witnessed, in recent years, the considerable improvement in the quality of teaching cases submitted to REGEPE. Both the proportion of rejected cases and the number of recommendations for adjustments to the approved cases decreased considerably. A teaching case can be defined as a broad spectrum of instructional methods, which revolve around reading and discussing a document about a business scenario, known as a “case”. In this sense, teaching cases are true stories, based on research and detailed studies, which provide real data to feed classroom discussions (Theroux & Clark, 2004).
Effects of Resonator Volume on The Oscillator Near-Carrier Phase Noise

This paper reports the first study of near-carrier phase noise (PN) dependency on the resonator volume/harmonic-number in thin-film piezoelectric-on-substrate (TPoS) MEMS oscillators. Two lateral bulk-acoustic TPoS resonators with different volumes (3rd and 5th harmonic orders) were designed to operate at the same ∼25.6 MHz and fabricated on a $25\mu\mathrm{m}$ silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate. The devices chosen for this study have different volumes but exhibit identical Quality factor ( $Q$ ) and insertion loss (IL). The measured PN of the oscillators built based on these two resonators are measured and it is observed that the one based on the 5th order resonator exhibits ∼6dB lower PN @1KHz frequency offset compared to the 3rd order device. Although our preliminary results are not conclusive enough, it is hypothesized that an inverse proportionality to the resonator volume/mass predicted by earlier models could also describe this observation.
Healthcare Utilization and Costs associated with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Patients in a Large US Claims Database.

Objective To assess the health care costs and utilization in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) in the United States. Patients and Methods Retrospective analysis of patients with HHT diagnosed between 2007 and 2017 was performed using deidentified administrative claims data from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse. Adult patients with new (incident) diagnosis of HHT between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2017, were included. Comparisons were made using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results Three thousand nine hundred seventy-seven patients with a first diagnosis of HHT between 2007 and 2017 were identified, of which 3590 were matched 1:1 to non-HHT patients with similar baseline characteristics and comorbidities. These 3590 patients with HHT were 63.1% female and 83.9% white with a mean age of 51.1 ± 18.5 years, and a mean follow-up period of 3.2 ± 2.2 years (range, 1.0-11.7 years). Compared with the control group, the cumulative 5-year median total health care cost for patients with HHT was 41.4% higher ($21,118 vs $14,929; P < .001) in those with private commercial insurance and 31.7% higher ($35,462 vs $26,925; P < .001) in those with Medicare Advantage coverage. The median annual health care costs were significantly higher in patients with HHT with commercial insurance and Medicare Advantage in the first year after diagnosis ($4,333 vs $1,804; P < .001), and ($7,322 vs $5,245; P < .001), respectively, and remained higher throughout the duration of follow-up. Further analysis showed that outpatient clinic visits, hospital admission, imaging rates, invasive procedures, iron infusions, and blood transfusions were all significantly higher in the HHT group. Conclusion Patients with HHT have significantly higher health care costs compared with a matched control group. A better understanding of the reasons underlying these cost differences will provide opportunities for patients, providers, and other stakeholders to better manage this rare condition.
Effect of Perinatal Vitamin D Deficiency on Lung Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation and Injury Repair Potential.

Stem cells, including the resident lung mesenchymal stem cells (LMSCs), are critically important for injury repair. Compelling evidence links perinatal vitamin D (VD) deficiency to reactive airway ...
Germline mutations in Black patients with ovarian, fallopian tube and primary peritoneal carcinomas.

Abstract Objective Routine genetic testing for ovarian cancer and identification of germline mutations can help improve early detection of cancer as well as guide treatment. Knowledge of genetic counseling and referral rates for genetic testing has been lower for Black patients, compared to White patients. We aimed to describe the demographics and presence of germline mutations in Black individuals with ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal carcinoma at two large academic institutions. Methods Fifty-one Black patients with invasive epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma were identified via institutional tissue banks over a 20-year time-period. Germline DNA was sequenced using BROCA, a targeted capture and parallel sequencing assay that identified pathogenic germline mutations in ovarian carcinoma susceptibility genes. Results Germline mutations in ovarian cancer susceptibility genes were found in 25.5% of women, most commonly BRCA1 and BRCA2. This mutation frequency mirrors those previously described among predominantly White populations. Our data suggests there may be an advantage in survival among those with germline mutations, although this was not statistically significant. Conclusions Given similar frequencies of germline mutations between Black and White patients with ovarian cancer, we conclude that there are not major differences in the genetic predisposition to ovarian carcinoma. Equitable access to genomic advancements including germline and tumor sequencing would facilitate equal access to PARP inhibitors, the standard of care for patients with BRCA mutated advanced ovarian cancer.
Racial Disparities in the Treatment of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: How Far Have We Come?

This paper reviews the literature examining antipsychotic prescription disparities between white people and black people. Despite literature documenting racial discrepancies in diagnosis, there have been limited studies examining disparities in antipsychotic prescription between white people and black people. Studies have demonstrated that black people are more likely to receive first generation antipsychotics, higher antipsychotic doses, and long acting injectables, but less likely to receive clozapine. Much of this work was done in the early 2000s. Future research directions include investigation into why these disparities exist. Literature examining these disparities has focused on genetic and sociological factors; however, the impact of prescriber bias and structural racism remains underexplored. Until the research proceeds, future clinical directions should include empowering patients, families, and clinicians to question practices that may exacerbate these known disparities.
Reactive Thrombocytosis Related Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Rare Complication of Untreated Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Thrombocytosis can be either primary or secondary, and it can cause venous pro-thrombotic states like cerebral venous thrombosis. Untreated iron deficiency anemia is postulated to cause reactive (secondary) thrombocytosis due to the proliferation of common progenitor cells. Here we present a case of a middle-aged woman with polycystic ovary syndrome and episodes of menorrhagia. She presented with headache and focal sensory deficits, and her neuroimaging showed evidence of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). Laboratory tests showed microcytic hypochromic anemia, low ferritin, high total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and thrombocytosis with a platelet count of 1,523,000/mm³. A comprehensive workup for hypercoagulable states and primary causes of thrombocytosis was negative. It was concluded that the etiology of her CVST was a reactive thrombocytosis from chronic untreated iron deficiency anemia. Anticoagulation with apixaban and corrective treatment for iron deficiency anemia was initiated. A repeated neuroimaging after four months showed significantly less clot burden in the cerebral venous sinuses, and then apixaban was stopped after six months. Laboratory tests after one year of iron replacement therapy showed improvement in the hemoglobin and hematocrit as well as normalization of platelet count. This case highlights a rare yet potentially dangerous complication of a common untreated condition, i.e., iron deficiency anemia.
Civil Requirements for Topographic Maps

Review of U S Geological Survey's topographic mapping program from standpoint of map scales, map accuracy standards, and map content.
Combined Observer-Controller Synthesis for Nonlinear/Uncertain Dynamical Systems

Control of a class of nonlinear/uncertain systems is discussed via a variable structure systems (VSS) approach. Observation of the states of such systems is also considered. The natural extension to an observer-controller design is illustrated using an example of a ?-r manipulator. Finally, the aspects of hardware implementation of the proposed observer-controller are analyzed.
Formal theories of language acquisition: practical and theoretical perspectives

Learning Theory is the study of systems that implement functions from evidential states to theories. The theoretical framework developed in the theory makes possible the comparison of classes of algorithms which embody distinct learning strategies along a variety of dimensions. Such comparisons yield valuable information to those concerned with inference problems in Cognitive Science and artificial Intelligence. The present paper employs the framework of Learning Theory to study the design specifications of inductive systems which are of interest in the domain of language acquisition.
Example of Use of TaqMan Real-Time RT-PCR to Analyze Bacterial Gene Transcript Levels: Haemophilus influenzae

The protocol in this unit describes the steps for gene expression analysis of Haemophilus influenzae in broth culture. Steps for hot acid phenol RNA extraction, RNA cleanup, quantitation, assessment, and preparation for TaqMan qRT-PCR are described. The validation, setup, and analysis of TaqMan qRT-PCR experiments are discussed. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 15:1D.1.1-1D.1.13. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR); TaqMan; RNA; gene expression; Haemophilus influenzae
Applying design patterns to flexibly configure network service in distributed systems

THIS CHAPTER DESCRIBES how design patterns help to enhance the flexibility and extensibility of communication software by permitting network services to evolve independently to the strategies used to passively initialize the services. The chapter makes three contributions to the study and development of configurable distributed applications. First, it identifies five orthogonal dimensions of passive service initialization: service adveritisement, endpoint listening, service handler creation, passive connection establishment, and service handler activation. Second, the chapter illustrates how design patterns have been used to build a communication software framework that supports flexible configuraton of different strategies for each of these five dimensions. Third, the chapter demonstrates how design patterns and frameworks are being used successfully to develop highly configurable production distributed systems.
Observation and analysis of Abell 2218 arcs and rings

We describe the morphology of the arcs and possible existence of two Einstein rings around two of its galaxies in Abell 2218. We compare colors of the arcs, rings and galaxies and present spectrum for one of the arcs which is unusually red. This spectrum gives a redshift of 0.70, which is much greater than the redshift 0.17 of the cluster galaxies. We comment on the possibility of formation of rings around the galaxies in the presence of the dark matter of the cluster needed for production of the arcs.
Consumer, Investor, and Combined Reactions Following Product-Harm Crises

Using a series of Toyota automotive recalls as the context, this study examines reactions by consumers, investors, and reports on a combined measure to capture the overall effect of the recalls on the firm. Following the recalls, consumer sales returned to pre-recall levels quickly, however, investors immediately punished the firm with negative abnormal returns of between -14.16 and -16.04% over the longest event windows examined. A combined measure designed to capture consumer and investor reaction shows that the overall brand value of Toyota declined by 16% in the year following the announcement of the product-harm crises. Investor and consumer reaction was different following the recalls. Managerial implications are discussed.
Predicting Purchase Decisions Based on Spatio-Temporal Functional MRI Features Using Machine Learning

Machine learning algorithms allow us to directly predict brain states based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. In this study, we demonstrate the application of this framework to neuromarketing by predicting purchase decisions from spatio-temporal fMRI data. A sample of 24 subjects were shown product images and asked to make decisions of whether to buy them or not while undergoing fMRI scanning. Eight brain regions which were significantly activated during decision-making were identified using a general linear model. Time series were extracted from these regions and input into a recursive cluster elimination based support vector machine (RCE-SVM) for predicting purchase decisions. This method iteratively eliminates features which are unimportant until only the most discriminative features giving maximum accuracy are obtained. We were able to predict purchase decisions with 71% accuracy, which is higher than previously reported. In addition, we found that the most discriminative features were in signals from medial and superior frontal cortices. Therefore, this approach provides a reliable framework for using fMRI data to predict purchase-related decision-making as well as infer its neural correlates.
Topology optimization for the design of folding liquid crystal elastomer actuators

Aligned liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are capable of undergoing large reversible shape change in response to thermal stimuli and may act as actuators for many potential applications such as self-assembly and deployment of micro devices. Recent advances in LCE patterning tools have demonstrated sub-millimetre control of director orientation, enabling the preparation of materials with arbitrarily complex director fields. However, without design tools to connect the 2D director pattern with the activated 3D shape, LCE design relies on intuition and trial and error. Here we present a design methodology to generate reliable folding in monolithic LCEs designed with topology optimization. The distributions of order/disorder and director orientations are optimized so that the remotely actuated deformation closely matches a target deformation for origami folding. The optimal design exhibits a strategy to counteract the mechanical frustration that may lead to an undesirable deformation, such as anti-clastic bending. Multi-hinge networks were developed using insights from the optimal hinge designs and were demonstrated through the fabrication and reversible actuation of a self-folding box. Topology optimization provides an important step towards leveraging the opportunities afforded by LCE patterning into functional designs.
Modeling 1-D FDTD transmission line voltage sources and terminations with parallel and series RLC loads

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) update equations to implement voltage sources and transmission line terminations with parallel or series RLC loads in a one-dimensional (1D) FDTD model are presented. A 1D FDTD model of a simple, lossless transmission line was developed. Later, it was extended to implement single circuit elements (e.g., capacitors, inductors, and resistors) and parallel or series RLC loads placed in parallel or series with the transmission line. In addition to the modeling of problems, the 1D FDTD transmission line model is useful in teaching students the time-domain analysis of transmission lines. The minimal computational demands of the 1D geometry allows for real-time displays of signal propagation.
Expanding perceptions of subsistence fish consumption: evidence of high commercial fish consumption and dietary mercury exposure in an urban coastal community.

Abstract Through collaborative partnerships established between current researchers and The Moton Community House (a local community center), African American women (ages 16–49 yrs) from the Southeast Community of Newport News, Virginia, USA were surveyed to assess the reproducibility and consistency of fish consumption patterns (ingestion rates, exposure frequencies, weight, and fish consumption rates) derived from a community-specific fish consumption survey. Women were also surveyed to assess the reliability of the survey responses, and to estimate daily mercury intake. Fish consumption patterns were reproducible and the survey responses were reliable. Comparison between years revealed that fish consumption patterns remained consistent over time. In addition, the high fish consumption rate estimated in 2008 (147.8 g/day; 95% CI: 117.6–185.8 g/day) was confirmed with a rate (134.9 g/day; 95% CI: 88–207 g/day) not materially different and still considerably higher than mean fish consumption rates reported for U.S. women. Daily mercury intake rates were estimated using consumption data from 2008 and three consumption scenarios (canned white, canned light, and no tuna) due to confirmed differences in mercury concentration between canned white and light tuna. Arithmetic mean daily mercury intake rates were 0.284 μg/kg bw/day (95% CI: 0.229–0.340 μg/kg bw/day) using canned white tuna, 0.212 μg/kg bw/day (95% CI: 0.165–0.259 μg/kg bw/day) using light tuna, and 0.197 μg/kg bw/day (95% CI: 0.151–0.243 μg/kg bw/day) using no tuna. Approximately 58%–73% of the daily mercury intake rates for African American women in the Southeast Community exceeded US EPA's oral reference dose (RfD) of 0.10 μg/kg bw/day for mercury. In addition, 2% of the rates exceeded a level (1.00 μg/kg bw/day) documented to produce adverse health effects. Past and current investigations confirmed that even though women in this community were not subsistence fishers, they are subsistence fish consumers.
Feature selection for spectral sensors with overlapping noisy spectral bands

Quantum-dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) are emerging as a promising technology for midwave- and longwave-infrared remote sensing and spectral imaging. One of the key advantages that QDIPs offer is their bias-dependent spectral response, which is brought about by the asymmetric bandstructure of the dot-in-a-well (DWELL) configuration. Photocurrents of a single QDIP, driven by different operational biases can, therefore, be viewed as outputs of different bands. It has been shown that this property, combined with post-processing strategies (applied to the outputs of a single sensor operated at different biases), can be used to perform adaptive spectral tuning and matched filtering. However, unlike traditional sensors, bands of a QDIP exhibit significant spectral overlap, an attribute that calls for the development of novel methods for feature selection. Additionally, the presence of detector noise further complicates such feature selection. In this paper, the theoretical foundations for discriminant analysis, based on spectrally adaptive feature selection, are developed and applied to data obtained from QDIP sensors in the presence of noise. The approach is based on a generalized canonical-correlation-analysis framework that is used in conjunction with an optimization criterion for the selection of feature subspaces. The criterion ranks the best linear combinations of the overlapping bands, providing minimal energy norm (a generalized Euclidean norm) between the centers of classes and their respective reconstructions in the space spanned by sensor bands. Experiments using ASTER-based synthetic QDIP data are used to illustrate the performance of rock-type Bayesian classification according to the proposed feature-selection method.
The risk of death for Jehovah's Witnesses after major trauma

Background: Trauma surgeons are faced with life-threatening blood loss in patients such as Jehovah's Witnesses. We assessed and compared the risks of death after major trauma for Jehovah's Witnesses and other religious groups. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between August 1992 and September 1999 in a Level I academic trauma center. Statistical methods included Tukey's one-way analysis of variance, X 2 analysis, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: The cohort consisted of 556 patients: 82 Jehovah's Witnesses (14.7%), 52 Baptists (9.4%), 101 Catholics (18.2%), and 321 patients belonging to other religious groups (57.7%). Mean Injury Severity Scores for 433 patients were 10.3 ± 9, 8.9 ± 10, 10.3 ± 11, and 11.3 ± 14, respectively. There were no significant differences in mean Injury Severity Scores between religious groups, and no statistically significant associations between religion and Injury Severity Scores were identified. Significant predictors of mortality were age, systolic blood pressure at admission, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and type of trauma. Jehovah's Witnesses were 6% more likely to die after major trauma than Baptists, 20% more likely than Catholics, and as likely as patients from any other religious groups. Conclusion: After controlling for age, race, systolic blood pressure, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and type of trauma, Jehovah's Witnesses have a nonsignificant increased risk of death after major trauma compared with other religious groups.
Nuclear polarization of Co55

Abstract The angular distribution and linear polarization of the gamma rays emitted from 18-h Co55, polarized at low temperatures in cerium-magnesium nitrate crystals, have been measured. The amplitude mixing ratios δ(E2/M1) of mixed multipole gamma transitions in Fees have been determined. With a spin of 7 2 for Co55, we find a spin sequence of 7 2 → 5 2 → 3 2 in the main decay in Fe66, and for the 0.93S MeV gamma ray a δ of + 0.36±0.11. A possible spin sequence 5 2 → 7 2 → 3 2 in Fe55 has been eliminated by our linear polarization measurements. The ratio of the nuclear g-values of Co58 and Co55 has been found from a simultaneous measurement of the angular distribution of the gamma rays from the two isotopes grown into the same crystals. The magnetic moment of Co65 is 6.3±0.4 n.m., if the 1.03 MeV beta branch is predominantly a G.T. transition, or 4.6±0.4 n.m., if a pure Fermi transition.
Renal arteriovenous fistula associated with fibromuscular dysplasia

A case is reported of a woman with long-standing progressive hypertension and an abdominal bruit who on angiography demonstrated fibromuscular dysplasia of the right renal artery and an arteriovenous fistula in the upper pole of the right kidney. The various causes of renal arteriovenous fistula are reviewed. The relationship of mural aneurysms seen in fibromuscular dysplasia and the formation of arteriovenous fistulas by rupture of these aneurysms is discussed. Review of the English literature indicates a probable causal relationship between fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries and intrarenal arteriovenous fistulas.
End-Stage Renal Disease in Children

The pediatrician should be able to identify chronic renal failure and to determine a specific etiobogic diagnosis for most patients with CRF, based upon age and mode of presentation, examination of the urine, anatomic evaluation of the urinary tract, and, if indicated, relatively simple laboratory tests, such as antinuclear antibody and serum complement. While referral to a pediatric urologist is indicated for diagnosis and management of congenital malformations of the urinary tract, consultation with the pediatric nephrologist is advisable for the child who requires a renal biopsy for definitive diagnosis, as well as to plan future management, including diet, drug therapy, dialysis, and transplantation. The primary care pediatrician should retain responsibility for implementing the medical recommendations of the pediatric urologist or nephrologist and should resume his full role for the child who has undergone successful renal transplantation.
Isolation and Characterization of Unmyelinated Axolemma From Bovine Splenic Nerve

Bovine splenic nerve was used as a source of axolemmaenriched fractions derived from mammalian unmyelinated axons. By electron microscopy, splenic nerve consisted entirely of fascicles of unmyelinated axons and associated Schwann cells. The epineurium and blood vessels were stripped from the dissected nerve, which was then homogenized followed by preparation of a microsomal fraction by differential centrifugation. The microsomes were fractionated on a 10% to 40% continuous sucrose gradient. The individual fractions were combined into six fractions based on sucrose concentration and each fraction was analyzed for membrane markers. The 20% to 23% region of the sucrose gradient was enriched approximately sevenfold in acetylcholinesterase activity and twofold enrichment in saxitoxin binding activity was noted in the same fraction. Relative to other microsomal fractions, this same fraction was less enriched in a microsomal marker (cytochrome c reductase) and only moderately enriched in the activity of a myelin membrane marker (28,38 cyclic nucleotide 38 phosphohydrolase, CNPase). Polyacrylamide electrophoresis of the axolemma-enriched fraction revealed five prominent peptides ranging in molecular weight from 40 kDa to 130 kDa. Lipids, comprising 59.4% of the dry weight, were enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin, consistent with the origin from a peripheral nervous system (PNS) plasma membrane. On a molar basis, the major gangliosides were GT1b ,G D1a, and GM1. As a whole, these molecular characteristics are consistent with the origin of the axolemma-enriched fraction in the unmyelinated splenic nerve axons. This membrane preparation should prove useful in future studies of the myelinogenic potential of mammalian unmyelinated axolemma. J. Neurosci. Res. 57:670‐ 679, 1999. r 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Locating and disseminating effective messages: enhancing gender representation in computing majors and careers

Numerous researchers have documented the declining numbers of women seeking and receiving bachelor's degrees in computing (e.g. [3][9][15]). Early research suggests this pattern does not apply across all institution types (e.g. [7][11]), computing specialties, or cultures [12][14]. Most of the current research on women in STEM is drawn from computing, engineering, and education perspectives, and focuses on educational, social, and cultural issues [9][12][14] and career socialization [8][10]. No research to date has addressed computing major and career choice from a communication lens. Because perceived characteristics of majors contribute to career choice [4] understanding the messages that influence these choices offers opportunities for interventions to change the portrayal of computing. We hypothesize that memorable messages about computing careers differ by gender and institution type, influencing career and major choice. Using a communication lens and qualitative and quantitative techniques, we examine how memorable messages and their sources relate to recruitment and retention of students in computing. Results will inform new message campaign strategies to address the underrepresentation of women in computer disciplines1
“Academic English” in the 7th grade: Broadening the lens, expanding access

Abstract In this article, I describe mainstream middle school classrooms designed to re-think the conditions under which language minority students who have lived in the United States for a number of years can develop English language skills while also gaining access to a rigorous curriculum. I describe a variety of transactions that students used to engage in group social studies tasks, and I show how students used language differently for discussing ideas within their groups and for preparing to present these ideas to their teacher and classmates. I argue that in order to document the wide range of language demands and language learning opportunities inherent in doing academic work, as well as to understand what students from language minority backgrounds are able to do to meet these demands, the notion of “academic English” must be expanded beyond the “academic” vs. “conversational” language distinction.
Laboratory test results after living liver donation in the adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation cohort study

Information on the long-term health of living liver donors is incomplete. Because changes in standard laboratory tests may reflect the underlying health of donors, results before and after donation were examined in the Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Cohort Study (A2ALL). A2ALL followed 487 living liver donors who donated at 9 US transplant centers between 1998 and 2009. The aminotransferase [aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities, bilirubin, international normalized ratio (INR), albumin, white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (HGB), platelet count, ferritin, serum creatinine (SCR), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured at the evaluation and after donation (1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, and yearly thereafter). Repeated measures models were used to estimate median laboratory values at each time point and to test for differences between values at the evaluation (baseline) and postdonation time points. Platelet counts were significantly decreased at every time point in comparison with the baseline, and at 3 years, they were 19% lower. Approximately 10% of donors had a platelet count < 150 × 1000/mm3 2 to 3 years post-donation. Donors with a platelet count ≤ 150 × 1000/mm3 at 1 year had significantly lower mean platelet counts (189 ± 32 × 1000/mm3) versus the remainder of the cohort (267 ± 56 × 1000/mm3, P< 0.0001) at the evaluation. Statistically significant differences compared to the evaluation values were noted for AST, AP, INR, and albumin through the first year, although most measurements were in the normal range. The median values for WBC, HGB, ferritin, albumin, SCR, BUN, and INR were not substantially outside the normal range at any time point. In conclusion, after 3 months, most laboratory values return to normal among right hepatic lobe liver donors, with a slower return to baseline levels for AST, AP, INR, and albumin. Persistently decreased platelet counts warrant further investigation. Liver Transpl, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.
Estimating the effect of wider beaches on coastal housing prices

Abstract The marginal implicit price of a wider beach is estimated using housing price data from Surfside Beach and Garden City, South Carolina. A wider beach would offer a combination of storm protection and recreational benefits to the property owner, benefits that would be capitalized in the market price of the property. The analysis presented here suggests that housing prices are directly related to wider beaches.
Ocular Motility of Aging and Dementia

Visual complaints in patients with dementia are varied and attributable to both visual sensory (afferent) and ocular motor (efferent) dysfunction. This review focuses exclusively on the efferent visual dysfunction associated with dementia and aging. It provides a brief overview of the most common ocular motility disturbances associated with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, diffuse Lewy body disease, corticobasal syndrome, progressive supranuclear palsy, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and others. An introduction to the six eye movement systems and the terminology associated with the evaluation of each system are reviewed. Assessment of efferent visual function in patients with dementia may be challenging, but familiarity with the potential pathologic eye movement findings in patients with dementia will allow for a focused assessment, diagnosis, and treatment when possible.
Simple approach to assign disulfide connectivity using extracted ion chromatograms of electron transfer dissociation spectra.

Increasing interest in production of protein-based pharmaceuticals (biotherapeutics) is accompanied by an increased need for verification of protein folding and correct disulfide bonding. Recombinant protein expression may produce aberrant disulfide bonds and could result in safety concerns or decreased efficacy. Thus, the thorough analysis of disulfide bonding is a necessity for protein therapeutics. The use of electron transfer dissociation (ETD) facilitates this analysis because disulfide bonds are preferentially cleaved when subjected to ETD. Here, we make use of this well-characterized reaction to assign disulfide bonding networks by coupling the use of extracted ion chromatograms (XICs) of cysteine-containing peptides with ETD analysis to produce an efficient assignment approach for disulfide bonding. This method can be used to assign a disulfide pattern in a de novo fashion, to detect disulfide shuffling, and to provide information on heterogeneity, when more than one disulfide bonding pattern is p...
Blockade of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Activation Signaling Suppresses Balloon Injury-induced Neointima Formation in a Rat Carotid Artery Model

We have previously reported that nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATs) play an important role in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation by receptor tyrosine kinase and G protein-coupled receptor agonists, platelet-derived growth factor-BB and thrombin, respectively. To understand the role of NFATs in vascular disease, we have now studied the involvement of these transcription factors in neointima formation in a rat carotid artery balloon injury model. The levels of NFATc1 in injured right common carotid arteries were increased at 72 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks after balloon injury compared with its levels in uninjured left common carotid arteries. Intraperitoneal injection of cyclosporine A (CsA), a pharmacological inhibitor of the calcineurin-NFAT activation pathway, suppressed balloon injury-induced neointima formation by 40%. Similarly, adenoviral-mediated expression of GFPVIVIT, a competent peptide inhibitor of the calcineurin-NFAT activation pathway, in injured arteries also reduced neointima formation by about 40%. Furthermore, CsA and GFPVIVIT attenuated balloon injury-induced neointimal smooth muscle cell proliferation as determined by bromodeoxyuridine staining. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB induced the expression of COX-2 in cultured VSMC in a time- and NFAT-dependent manner. COX-2 expression was also increased in the right common carotid artery in a time-dependent manner after balloon injury as compared with its levels in uninjured left common carotid artery and both CsA and GFPVIVIT negated this response. Together these results for the first time demonstrate that NFATs play a critical role in neointima formation via induction of expression of COX-2.
Diazoalkane Reduction for the Synthesis of Uranium Hydrazonido Complexes

The reactivity of the uranium(III) alkyl Tp*2UCH2Ph (1) toward diazoalkanes is reported. Addition of 1 equiv. N2CPh2 produces 0.5 equiv. bibenzyl, along with Tp*2U(N2CPh2) (2). This species is dynamic in solution at room temperature and rapidly interconverts between the η1- and η2 isomers as determined by variable-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. X-ray crystallographic analysis at low temperature shows exclusively the η2 isomer, which features a short U–N multiple bond analogous to an imido species. The η1 isomer reacts quantitatively with aldehydes and ketones through multiple bond metathesis to produce Tp*2U(O) and the corresponding ketazine. Treatment of 1 with N2CHSiMe3 generates 0.5 equiv. bibenzyl and the η1 isomer Tp*2U(N2CHSiMe3) (3). This species is unstable over the course of hours, and there is no spectroscopic evidence for the η2 isomer. Tp*2U(η1-N2CHSiMe3) can be trapped by addition of phenylacetylene by a [2+2] cycloaddition to afford the uranium(IV) metallacycle Tp*2U[(N-N = CHSiMe3)CHCPh] (4). Crystallographic data for 4 are presented.
Mariner 9 photometric observations of Mars from November 1971 through March 1972

The large quantity of Mariner 9 television pictures taken at phase angles ranging up to twice those accessible from earth has been used to describe integrated photometric properties of Mars. Although frame-to-frame variations emphasize the shortcomings of vidicon cameras when used in a photometric mode, statistical trends have yielded data comparable with earth-based observations. Analysis of atmospheric parameters over a period of changing opacity - November 1971 through March 1972 - has provided time-varying optical depths and light-scattering information. Linear function characterization of the Mars reflectance is clearly discrepant at large incidence or emission angles and at phase angles greater than 40 deg.
Scattering of elastic waves by spherical inclusions with applications to low frequency wave propagation in composites

Abstract Scattering of plane elastic waves by a spherical inclusion is considered. A unified method of solution is presented which treats compressional and shear incidence on a similar basis. Explicit results are given for Rayleigh scattering. We apply the results of the single scattering problem to the propagation of low frequency waves in a composite containing a dilute concentration of spherical inclusions. Explicit formulae are given for the effective wave speeds and attenuations when the inclusions are voids. Both the compressional and shear wave speeds decrease initially as a function of frequency.