cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to Imidacloprid Under Greenhouse, Field, and Laboratory Conditions

The systemic insecticide imidacloprid has been used successfully to manage Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring and whitefly-borne geminivirus on tomato in south Florida and elsewhere. We evaluated plant and whitefly responses to imidacloprid in greenhouse grown tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Miller, transplants and field-grown fresh market staked tomato. Seedlings in transplant trays treated with 1 or 2 mg (AI) per plant applied as a drench were protected from egg deposition for up to 6 wk of exposure to a greenhouse colony of whiteflies. In the field, either 280 or 560 g (AI) ha of imidacloprid applied to the soil at transplanting provided protection from all whitefly stages and was better than or equal to protection obtained with weekly sprays of organophosphate/ pyrethroid insecticide mixtures for up to 9 wk. Movement of geminivirus infection vectored by whitefly adults was suppressed in small plots, indicating that imidacloprid acted rapidly on adults. Treated tomato or eggplant, Solanum melongena L. ‘Black Beauty’, functioned as trap crops by reducing whitefly numbers on adjacent untreated tomato. High application rates and persistence of imidacloprid have combined to increase the likelihood of insecticide resistance and to necessitate the development of an easily reproducible bioassay to facilitate monitoring. A leaf-dip bioassay indicated that the LC50 for 10-d-old whitefly nymphs to imidacloprid was 6.1 mg (AI) /liter and the LC90 32.6 mg (AI) /liter. These results could serve as a baseline for whitefly susceptibility in south Florida, given the lack of any previous exposure to imidacloprid of the tested population.
Paths to failure and variability of failure loads of composite laminates

A simple method for calculating the properties of composite laminates and their variations is presented and used to determine the mean and standard deviation of the last ply failure (LPF) load of a generic set of laminates loaded in uniaxial tension. The results indicate a complex array of regions of different paths to failure. It is shown that the variability of the LPF load can cause up to four different paths to failure to overlap. It is also shown that local minima of the standard deviation of the LPF load exist, some of which may appear/vanish depending on the relative magnitude of the variation of the ply material properties and/or geometric parameters (e.g., ply moduli and fiber angles). These results are useful for understanding scatter in measured LPF loads and variations of the path to failure for a particular laminate. Favorable comparisons with both experiments and a more computationally expensive Monte Carlo approach that operates on the full nonlinear problem are demonstrated. (Author)
Hybridization and Female Albinism in Colias Philodice and C. Eurytheme. a New Hampshire Survey in 1943 with Subsequent Data

The gradually advancing incursion of the orange-colored alfalfa butterfly ( Colias eurytheme ) into the north-eastern States, still abundantly populated by its near relative, the sulphur-yellow clover butterfly ( C. philodice ), is attended with measurable natural hybridization. This is more conveniently studied in a region such as this where eurytheme , formerly absent, is still relatively uncommon. In other eastern localities where eurytheme may exceed philodice in abundance, detection of hybrids, owing to the extreme variability of eurytheme , is more difficult.
Human RNA Polymerase II Promoter Recruitment in Vitro Is Regulated by O-Linked N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT)

Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. These data indicate that O-GlcNAc-transferase activity is essential for RNA pol II promoter recruitment and that pol II goes through a cycling of O-GlcNAcylation at the promoter. Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. These data provide unexpected and important insights into the role of a previously ill-defined species of RNA polymerase II in regulating transcription.
Clinical characteristics and treatment evaluation of patients with acute central diabetes insipidus

Objective To investigate the etiology,clinical process and treatment efficacy of acute central diabetes insipidus(CDI).Methods Sixteen children with acute CDI admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit(PICU)from May 1997 to December 1999 were identified and analyzed retrospectively.Results All patients diagnosed with acute CDI were secondary to various brain injuries and were treated with aqueous vasopressin.The dose of aqueous vasopressin were ranged from 0\^0003 to 0\^0065U/(kg·min) and treated for 5 hours to 18 days,av 28\^5 hours.The therapeutic goals included:urine output 2～3 ml/(kg·h), urine specific gravity 1\^010～1\^020 and serum sodium 140～145 mmol/L.Three cases were survived (19%) and thirteen cases were died (81%).Conclusion The vasopressin was used by us for the management of CDI.It is generally efficacious in decreasing urine output and serum sodium level.
One Cases of Lepromatous Leprosy Misdiagnosed of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE)

Female patient,41 years old.More than 10 years ago unexplained systemic appears dark red size ranging from erythema,painless but have itching.Nearly two years,erythema,bullae and ulceration,eyebrows all off,with limb joint pain.A family history of leprosy,was misdiagnosed as "peripheral neuritis","systemic lupus erythematosus".Lesional skin pain,temperature,tactile obstacles,the superficial nerve is thick,skin tissue fluid acid-fast staining,get a large amount of M.leprae and diagnosis.
Genomic Copy Number Dictates a Gene-Independent Cell Response to CRISPR/Cas9 Targeting

The CRISPR-Cas9 system enables genome editing and somatic cell genetic screens in mammalian cells. We performed genome scale loss-of-function screens in 33 cancer cell lines to identify genes essential for proliferation/survival and found a strong correlation between increased gene copy number and decreased cell viability after genome editing. Within regions of copy number gain, CRISPR-Cas9 targeting of both expressed and unexpressed genes, as well as intergenic loci, led to significantly decreased cell proliferation through induction of a G2 cell cycle arrest. By examining single guide RNAs that map to multiple genomic sites, we found that this cell response to CRISPR-Cas9 editing correlated strongly with the number of target loci. These observations indicate that genome targeting by CRISPR-Cas9 elicits a gene-independent anti-proliferative cell response. This effect has important practical implications for interpretation of CRISPR-Cas9 screening data and confounds the use of this technology for identification of essential genes in amplified regions.
Pre-mRNA Splicing in the Nuclei of Xenopus Oocytes

Xenopus oocytes have been utilized in a number of laboratories as an experimental system to study a variety of biological processes. Here, we describe its application to functional studies of spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) in pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing, a process that occurs extremely efficiently in Xenopus oocytes. A DNA oligonucleotide complementary to an snRNA of interest is injected into the oocyte cytoplasm. The oligonucleotide subsequently diffuses into the nucleus and hybridizes to the target snRNA, thereby triggering snRNA degradation via endogenous RNase H activity. By the time the endogenous snRNA is depleted, the DNA oligonucleotide itself is degraded by endogenous deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity. In principle, this procedure enables one to quantitatively deplete any snRNA of choice. Subsequently, a rescuing snRNA that is constructed in vitro may be injected into the snRNA-depleted oocytes to restore the splicing function. After reconstitution, a radiolabeled splicing substrate is injected into the nuclei of the oocytes. These oocyte nuclei are then manually isolated and used to prepare both nuclear RNA for splicing assays and nuclear extract for spliceosome assembly assays. The ability of an injected rescuing snRNA to reconstitute splicing can therefore be tested. Because all types of rescuing snRNAs (e.g., mutant snRNAs, snRNAs with or without modified nucleotides) can be constructed readily, the results obtained from this procedure provide valuable information on the function of a particular snRNA of interest in pre-mRNA splicing.
Multiple Actions of Ethanol on Acetylcholine Receptors

The molecular mechanisms underlying the many acute actions of ethanol, remain unknown (I have deliberately used the plural here because it seems unlikely that a single mechanism could underlie all the diverse actions of ethanol). There are a number of reasons why our understanding is so poor. First, the pharmacology of ethanol is complex. It has access to all parts of the body and exerts its action at very high concentrations (typically 10–100 mM) and in a nonspecific way. Furthermore, it lacks pharmacological antagonists. Thus, most of the tools of pharmacology are rendered impotent. Second, and not unrelated, the physiological sites of ethanol’s actions remain ill-defined, so that detailed studies of the type required to elucidate molecular mechanisms have been discouraged. Who would want to risk the years of research required to elucidate such mechanisms when the system chosen for study might turn out to be irrelevant? Thirdly, ethanol most likely acts on membrane-embedded proteins, which makes the most powerful structural techniques of biochemistry (x-ray crystallography, two dimensional NMR) difficult to apply for technical reasons. In the face of these uncertainties work has tended to concentrate on rather general models such as the lipid bilayer or purified proteins such as luciferase (see Chapter by Rubin in this volume for an excellent review).
A multidisciplinary initiative to standardize intensive care to acute care transitions.

Quality issue Transfers from intensive care units to acute care units represent a complex care transition for hospitalized patients. Within our institution, variation in transfer practices resulted in unpredictable processes in which patient safety concerns were raised. Initial assessment Key stakeholders were engaged across the institution. Patient safety (’incident’) reports and a staff survey identified safety concerns. Choice of a solution Using lean methodology, current transfer processes were mapped for the four adult intensive care units and waste was identified. During a summit of key stakeholders an ideal transfer process was conceived and a structured handoff tool (checklist) was developed. A daily management system (DMS) was implemented to monitor adherence. Evaluation The primary process outcome was adherence to the standardized workflow. Audits at 4, 8, and 12 months after implementation indicated that the checklist was used for 100% of transfers. Secondary outcomes included the percentage of transfers completed within a pre-specified time window of 120 minutes, provider notification of patient arrival on the acute care unit, and staff survey responses assessing adequacy of transfer communication. Lessons learned Prior work has shown that structuring handoffs can improve patient safety, but the novelty of this project was addressing the transfer process in its entirety, across silos of care. Factors leading to the success of this project were the involvement of key stakeholders across the entire institution early in the project development phase, employment of lean methodology, and implementation of tools to guide workflow adherence and track causes of deviation from the workflow.
When Do Comprehender Groups Differ? A Moment-by-Moment Analysis of Think-Aloud Protocols of Good and Poor Comprehenders.

The purpose of this study was to examine moment-by-moment fluctuations in text comprehension processing and determine how and when poor and good comprehenders differ. To do so, we reanalyzed a dataset of think-aloud protocols from 138 intermediate elementary students. Both good and poor comprehenders used a variety of processing strategies when reading text; however, good comprehenders were more strategic in which processes they used than were poor comprehenders. Patterns of two types of poor comprehenders were also analyzed: paraphrasers and lateral connectors. The results indicate that these different reader types not only vary in aggregate but also moment-by-moment processing.
Designing an iPad App to Monitor and Improve Classroom Behavior for Children with ADHD: iSelfControl Feasibility and Pilot Studies

Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) receive approximately 80% of instruction in the general education classroom, where individualized behavioral management strategies may be difficult for teachers to consistently deliver. Mobile device apps provide promising platforms to manage behavior. This pilot study evaluated the utility of a web-based application (iSelfControl) designed to support classroom behavior management. iSelfControl prompted students every ‘Center’ (30-minutes) to self-evaluate using a universal token-economy classroom management system focused on compliance, productivity, and positive relationships. Simultaneously, the teacher evaluated each student on a separate iPad. Using Multi Level Modeling, we examined 13 days of data gathered from implementation with 5th grade students (N = 12) at a school for children with ADHD and related executive function difficulties. First, an unconditional growth model evaluated the overall amount of change in aggregated scores over time as well as the degree of systematic variation in scores within and across teacher-student dyads. Second, separate intercepts and slopes were estimated for teacher and student to estimate degree of congruency between trajectories. Finally, differences between teacher and student scores were tested at each time-point in separate models to examine unique ‘Center’ effects. 51% of the total variance in scores was attributed to differences between dyads. Trajectories of student and teacher scores remained relatively stable across seven time-points each day and did not statistically differ from each other. On any given day, students tended to evaluate their behaviors more positively (entered higher scores for themselves) compared to corresponding teacher scores. In summary, iSelfControl provides a platform for self and teacher evaluation that is an important adjunct to conventional classroom management strategies. The application captured teacher/student discrepancies and significant variations across the day. Future research with a larger, clinically diagnosed sample in multiple classrooms is needed to assess generalizability to a wider variety of classroom settings.
The Design of Writing Buddy: A Mixed-Initiative Approach Towards Computational Story Collaboration

The act of writing is often a difficult process; writing partners can be a way to test ideas, provide critiques, and overcome the difficulty of adding words to a blank page. Writing Buddy is an in-development prototype of a mixed-initiative playful tool, intended to serve the role of a digital writing partner by combining the authoring affordances of writing software with the natural curiosity inherent in playable media. In it, players create and arrange dramatic beats to achieve certain story goals. Those dramatic beats are then satisfied through assigning character actions to them. Finally, players pen prose and dialogue to bring those actions to life. Writing Buddy aims to ease the authoring process by offering suggestions based on character simulation and story structure.
Ranking Answers and Web Passages for Non-factoid Question Answering: Emory University at TREC LiveQA.

This paper describes a question answering system built by a team from Emory University to participate in TREC LiveQA’15 shared task. The goal of this task was to automatically answer questions posted to Yahoo! Answers community question answering website in real-time. My system combines candidates extracted from answers to similar questions previously posted to Yahoo! Answers and web passages from documents retrieved using web search. The candidates are ranked by a trained linear model and the top candidate is returned as the final answer. The ranking model is trained on question and answer (QnA) pairs from Yahoo! Answers archive using pairwise ranking criterion. Candidates are represented with a set of features, which includes statistics about candidate text, question term matches and retrieval scores, associations between question and candidate text terms and the score returned by a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network model. Our system ranked top 5 by answer precision, and took 7th place according to the average answer score. In this paper I will describe our approach in detail, present the results and analysis of the system.
Increasing Rates of No Treatment in Advanced-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Propensity-Matched Analysis.

Abstract Introduction Variation in treatment and survival outcomes for NSCLC is high among patients with stage III or IV disease, but patients with untreated NSCLC have not been critically analyzed to evaluate for improvable outcomes. We evaluated treatment trends and their association with oncologic outcomes for NSCLC, hypothesizing that there are a substantial number of untreated patients who are similar to patients who undergo treatment. Methods Linear regression was used to calculate trends in utilization of treatment. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression modeling were used to determine predictors of receiving treatment. Propensity matching was used to compare survival among subsets of treated versus untreated patients. Results Patients with primary NSCLC were identified from the National Cancer Data base from 1998 to 2012, and 21% of patients (190,539) received no treatment. For stage IIIA and IV, the proportion of untreated patients increased over the study period by 0.21% and 0.4%, respectively (p = 0.003 and p Conclusions The proportion of untreated patients with stage IIIA and IV disease is increasing. Survival outcomes among patients with advanced-stage disease are superior with treatment, independent of selection bias. The benefits and risks of treatment should be carefully assessed before choosing to forego treatment.
Integration of targeted BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation screening and genetic ancestry in an African-American breast cancer cohort from South Florida.

A53 Background: Disparities in breast cancer stage of presentation, prognosis and mortality in women of African ancestry (AA) are well documented. Recent evidence from our laboratory (as well as others) suggests that certain BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations and variants appear to be either at increased frequency (or specific) to AA women at-risk for breast cancer (BC). Methods: To further evaluate the frequency of these variants, we analyzed a cohort of 113 AA BC patients ascertained from South Florida using an AA targeted mutation screening panel which detects 37 BRCA1 and 22 BRCA2 mutations/ unclassified variants (UCVs), respectively. These mutations and UCVs were selected for study based on previous detection in our laboratory, or/and as a result of a thorough literature review. In addition, 100 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) distributed across the genome were used to estimate genetic ancestry of each patient and of this cohort. Average allele frequency difference for these AIMs was 70% between west African and European populations. Individual genetic ancestry was estimated for each sample from the genotype data using the Bayesian Markov Chain-Monte Carlo (MCMC) method implemented in the program STRUCTURE 2.1. STRUCTURE 2.1 was run under the admixture model using prior population information and independent allele frequencies. We chose the MCMC method using K=2 parental populations and a burn-in length of 30,000 for 70,000 repetitions. Results: The patient cohort was comprised of 31 patients with a family history and 77 patients without. 47 or 61% of the patients were self-reported African-American; 23.3% were self-reported Haitian, and 11.7% were self-reported Jamaican. This cohort was skewed towards early-onset breast cancer - 35.7% of the AA patients and 44% of the Haitian and Jamaican BC patients had onset 88% West African ancestry. Another example is S1140G, a BRCA1 missense mutation/UCV detected in 3.4% of the BC patients, was detected almost exclusively in patients with extremely high West African ancestry (>90%). Our long-term plan is to apply the technologies used in this pilot study to a large multi-ethnic case: control study, in order to gain new information regarding frequencies and conferred risks of selected BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations and variants in the context of genetic ancestry. The mutation screening panel has been granted preliminary patent protection through the University of Miami Office of Technology Transfer.
Postpartum weight loss in overweight and obese women using the etonogestrel subdermal implant: a pilot study.

Abstract Objective To compare weight loss during the first 6months postpartum in overweight and obese women using the etonogestrel implant, placed in the immediate postpartum period, with that of controls using nonhormonal contraception, utilizing a pilot design. Study design Pilot, prospective cohort study. Analysis groups were divided by body mass index (overweight: 25–29.9kg/m 2 ; Class I Obesity: 30–34.5kg/m 2 ; Class II Obesity: 35–39.9kg/m 2 ) and grouped by use of etonogestrel implant or nonhormonal contraception for all outcomes. Primary outcome was the proportion of women in each group returning to pregravid weight by 6months postpartum. Secondary outcomes included waist circumference, motivation to lose weight, eating habits, physical activity, feasibility of study procedures and assessment of recruitment potential in the first 6months postpartum. Results A total of 127 women enrolled between June 2014 and August 2015. Fifty-seven chose the etonogestrel implant for immediate postpartum contraception while 70 chose nonhormonal contraceptives. Six months after delivery, about half of women in each group returned to within 1.5 kg of pregravid weight (42% etonogestrel [ENG]-implant vs. 67% nonhormonal methods, p=.19). Retention rates were high with over 75% of total study population providing study data at 6months. Two nonhormonal contraceptive users conceived in the first 4months postpartum. Conclusion No statistical difference in percentage return to pregravid weight was detected between groups, but data suggest that a somewhat lower proportion of implant users lost weight at 6months. Rapid recruitment, high retention and marked acceptance of immediate ENG implant use demonstrate feasibility for a larger, adequately powered trial. Implications Immediate postpartum insertion of the ENG implant is safe and effective. Study findings suggest modest interference in overweight and obese women's ability to lose gestational weight. If future research demonstrates no statistical difference, increased uptake in immediate implant use should occur in most women, including those who are overweight or obese.
Transient Freezing of Liquids in Tube Flow

Transient flow and freezing of molten core debris in coolant channels of the subassemblies of a liquid-metal fast breeder reactor has been an important consideration in postaccident heat removal. A...
Toward Measurement of Situation Awareness in Autonomous Vehicles

Until vehicles are fully autonomous, safety, legal and ethical obligations require that drivers remain aware of the driving situation. Key decisions about whether a driver can take over when the vehicle is confused, or its capabilities are degraded, depend on understanding whether he or she is responsive and aware of external conditions. The leading techniques for measuring situation awareness in simulated environments are ill-suited to autonomous driving scenarios, and particularly to on-road testing. We have developed a technique, named Daze, to measure situation awareness through real-time, in-situ event alerts. The technique is ecologically valid: it resembles applications people use in actual driving. It is also flexible: it can be used in both simulator and on-road research settings. We performed simulator-based and on-road test deployments to (a) check that Daze could characterize drivers' awareness of their immediate environment and (b) understand practical aspects of the technique's use. Our contributions include the Daze technique, examples of collected data, and ways to analyze such data.
Unethical Expert Witness Testimony

It is a regrettable truth that some practitioners of medicine are corrupt. Some unscrupulous physicians forsake the practice of sound medicine for new careers as suppliers of pain medications. Other physicians are willing to testify to unsound medicine in court as expert witnesses. What constitutes unethical expert witness testimony, and what can be done about it?
FiWi network throughput-delay modeling with traffic intensity control and local bandwidth allocation

Abstract Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) networks typically combine an optical access network with a wireless access network so as to build on the respective strengths of the optical and wireless network technologies. Prior analytical throughput-delay studies of FiWi networks have typically considered heavy-loaded traffic models, i.e., constantly backlogged source nodes. In contrast, in this paper we present a more general comprehensive FiWi network throughput-delay analysis that encompasses Poisson (non-heavy) as well as heavy-loaded input traffic models. In addition, our analysis covers bandwidth assignments of wireless channels both at the hop distance level and at the node level, as well as a queuing model of dynamic bandwidth allocation in the optical access network. Our analysis provides insightful guidelines for setting the channel access probabilities for source traffic and relay traffic in FiWi networks. Our numerical evaluations demonstrate that prior studies which considered only heavy traffic loads gave misleading results for the delay performance of well-known access probability assignments. We correct and clarify these misleading results with our more general analysis for non-heavy traffic.
RELIABILITY OF ANKLE-FOOT MORPHOLOGY, MOBILITY, STRENGTH, AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE MEASURES.

Background Assessment of foot posture, morphology, intersegmental mobility, strength and motor control of the ankle-foot complex are commonly used clinically, but measurement properties of many assessments are unclear. Purpose To determine test-retest and inter-rater reliability, standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change of morphology, joint excursion and play, strength, and motor control of the ankle-foot complex. Design Reliability study. Methods 24 healthy, recreationally-active young adults without history of ankle-foot injury were assessed by two clinicians on two occasions, three to ten days apart. Measurement properties were assessed for foot morphology (foot posture index, total and truncated length, width, arch height), joint excursion (weight-bearing dorsiflexion, rearfoot and hallux goniometry, forefoot inclinometry, 1st metatarsal displacement) and joint play, strength (handheld dynamometry), and motor control rating during intrinsic foot muscle (IFM) exercises. Clinician order was randomized using a Latin Square. The clinicians performed independent examinations and did not confer on the findings for the duration of the study. Test-retest and inter-tester reliability and agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,k) and weighted kappa (Kw ). Results Test-retest reliability ICC were as follows: morphology: .80-1.00, joint excursion: .58-.97, joint play: -.67-.84, strength: .67-.92, IFM motor rating: KW -.01-.71. Inter-rater reliability ICC were as follows: morphology: .81-1.00, joint excursion: .32-.97, joint play: -1.06-1.00, strength: .53-.90, and IFM motor rating: Kw .02-.56. Conclusion Measures of ankle-foot posture, morphology, joint excursion, and strength demonstrated fair to excellent test-retest and inter-rater reliability. Test-retest reliability for rating of perceived difficulty and motor performance was good to excellent for short-foot, toe-spread-out, and hallux exercises and poor to fair for lesser toe extension. Joint play measures had poor to fair reliability overall. The findings of this study should be considered when choosing methods of clinical assessment and outcome measures in practice and research. Level of evidence 3.
Glycan recognition in globally dominant human rotaviruses

Rotaviruses (RVs) cause life-threatening diarrhea in infants and children worldwide. Recent biochemical and epidemiological studies underscore the importance of histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) as both cell attachment and susceptibility factors for the globally dominant P[4], P[6], and P[8] genotypes of human RVs. How these genotypes interact with HBGA is not known. Here, our crystal structures of P[4] and a neonate-specific P[6] VP8*s alone and in complex with H-type I HBGA reveal a unique glycan binding site that is conserved in the globally dominant genotypes and allows for the binding of ABH HBGAs, consistent with their prevalence. Remarkably, the VP8* of P[6] RVs isolated from neonates displays subtle structural changes in this binding site that may restrict its ability to bind branched glycans. This provides a structural basis for the age-restricted tropism of some P[6] RVs as developmentally regulated unbranched glycans are more abundant in the neonatal gut.
The Mariner Mars 1971 Orbiter

The Mariner Mars 1971 (MM '71) orbiter spacecraft, launched toward Mars in the spring of 1971, was designed to offer the first opportunity for sustained observations in the near vicinity of another planet of our solar system. The MM '71 spacecraft, like its predecessors, is fully attitude stabilized about three axes, using the sun and Canopus as references, an orientation which allows use of photovoltaic solar panels for primary power and permits two-way communication to the earth through a high-gain directional antenna. Midcourse and orbit insertion maneuvers use the sun-Canopus orientation as a reference direction for initiating commanded turns. Scientific instruments employed during Mars orbital operations are mounted on a two-degree-of-freedom platform controlled by commands from the central computer and sequencer. Science measurements to be obtained by the MM '71 spacecraft include television visual imaging, infrared radiometry, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, S-band radio occultation, and celestial mechanics.
SIV Infection of Macaques as a Model for AIDS Drug Studies

An increasing arsenal of anti-HIV drugs is currently being used, and many new candidates are continuously being developed. Based on their viral targets during the viral replication cycle, the main antiviral drugs that have been approved or are being developed belong to several groups: inhibitors of attachment, fusion, reverse transcriptase (RT), integrase or protease (Figure 1). During recent years, combination therapy of these compounds, so-called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), has led to major improvement in the clinical management of HIV-infected people in the developed countries. Despite this considerable success, there is still much room for improvement, as not everyone can experience the desired longterm benefits. Once established, HIV infection can probably never be cured, so long-term administration of these drugs is usually required for the majority of individuals, and problems of toxicity, compliance, drug resistance, and costs become very relevant. In addition, due to the current costs of antiviral drugs and the need for expertise monitoring of viral and immunological parameters and toxicity, current drug regimens are beyond the reach of the majority of HIV-infected people who live in developing countries.
Development of Breast Imaging Specific Entrustable Professional Activities Using a Double Delphi Technique.

Rational and Objectives To develop subspecialty-specific entrustable professional activities for breast imaging radiology (EPA-BRs) through the use of a double consensus-driven, validity-enhancing methodology that may be relevant to other subspecialties in radiology and medicine in general. Materials and Methods A six-step methodology was used to develop EPA-BRs via a double Delphi process followed by educational theorist’s refinement. Two groups of experts completed each Delphi process: the core group of breast imaging educators and an expert panel of national experts in breast imaging standards and appropriateness. Results Five EPA-BRs were developed, with eight nested EPA-BRs, one of which is elective. This comprehensive list of EPA-BRs covers the role of a breast imaging radiologist in the care of a patient from detection of breast cancer to post-treatment follow-up. Conclusion A combined modified and classic double Delphi approach can be utilized by other graduate medical education (GME) specialties and subspecialties as a method by which GME education can be transformed into a clinical framework that more closely bridges individual competencies and real-world clinical practice.
Synthesis of alpha-methyl selenocysteine and its utilization as a glutathione peroxidase mimic.

Selenocysteine (Sec) is the 21st amino acid in the genetic code where this amino acid is primarily involved in redox reactions in enzymes because of its high reactivity toward oxygen and related reactive oxygen species. Sec has found wide utility in synthetic peptides, especially as a replacement for cysteine. One limitation of using Sec in synthetic peptides is that it can undergo β-syn elimination reactions after oxidation, rendering the peptide inactive due to loss of selenium. This limitation can be overcome by substituting Cα-H with a methyl group. The resulting Sec derivative is α-methylselenocysteine ((αMe)Sec). Here, we present a new strategy for the synthesis of (αMe)Sec by alkylation of an achiral methyl malonate through the use of a selenium-containing alkylating agent synthesized in the presence of dichloromethane. The seleno-malonate was then subjected to an enzymatic hydrolysis utilizing pig liver esterase followed by a Curtius rearrangement producing a protected derivative of (αMe)Sec that could be used in solid-phase peptide synthesis. We then synthesized two peptides: one containing Sec and the other containing (αMe)Sec, based on the sequence of glutathione peroxidase. This is the first reported incorporation of (αMe)Sec into a peptide as well as the first reported biochemical application of this unique amino acid. The (αMe)Sec-containing peptide had superior stability as it could not undergo β-syn elimination and it also avoided cleavage of the peptide backbone, which we surprisingly found to be the case for the Sec-containing peptide when it was incubated for 96 hours in oxygenated buffer at pH 8.0.
Aging: Balancing Autonomy and Beneficence

Aging is associated with losses and cognitive changes which can greatly affect one’s sense of autonomy. As clinicians care for an increased number of older adults, they will need to become more adept at striking a reasonable balance between patient autonomy and clinical guidance when the two are not in alignment. This chapter will look at existing theoretical frameworks evaluating the relationship between autonomy and beneficence and also how these paradigms can be applied to the clinical encounter. These concepts will be crystallized with case vignettes which describe common clinical scenarios in which patient autonomy and clinician beneficence are in conflict and how this divergence can be better understood and addressed.
Destabilization of a planar liquid stream by a co-flowing turbulent gas stream

Abstract In Airblast atomization, the disintegration of a liquid stream is assisted by a co-flowing high speed gas stream. The shear instability develops at the interface, forming interfacial waves that propagate and eventually break into droplets downstream. In the present study, the destabilization of a planar liquid stream by a co-flowing gas stream with different turbulence intensities is investigated through direct numerical simulation. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of gas inlet turbulence intensity on the interfacial instability near the nozzle exit and the development of two-phase mixing layer downstream. The gas-liquid interface is resolved by a momentum-conserving volume-of-fluid method. A digital filter approach is used to generate temporally and spatially correlated turbulent velocity fluctuations at the gas inlet. The interfacial stability is absolute for all cases considered. The dominant frequency and the spatial growth rate corresponding to the most unstable mode are measured and compared with experiments and spatial-temporal linear stability analysis. The numerical results of the dominant frequencies agree well with the experimental data. Both the dominant frequency and the spatial growth rate increase with the gas inlet turbulence intensity, after passing a threshold value. The linear stability analysis with the turbulent eddy viscosity model captures the increasing trends of the dominant frequency and the spatial growth rate but significantly underpredicts the values. Two-phase turbulence statistics, including Reynolds stresses and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation, are also presented. It is shown that the gas inlet turbulence tends to enhance interaction between the two streams near the nozzle exit and to reduce the interaction downstream.
Application and performance evaluation of desulfurization wastewater spray drying technology

In order to realize zero discharge of desulfurization wastewater, spray drying technology of desulfurization wastewater was used in 2x330MW unit of a power plant. Its principle was to use a rotary atomizer for atomization,and a part of hot flue gas was drawn from the SCR denitrification reactor and air preheater into the drying tower, the heat was used to evaporate the desulfurization wastewater in a spray drying tower. The salt in the waste water was mixed with the dust, which was collected and removed by the electric dust remover. Then the water vapor was mixed with the flue gas and finally enters the desulfurization tower.The field test was carried out under the condition that the unit load was 100% and the amount of desulfurization wastewater treated was 5.1m3 /h.The results showed that the hot smoke gas volume of drying tower was about 64896m3 /h, The smoke temperature at the inlet and outlet of the drying tower were 335℃ and 205℃ respectively,the moisture content of drying products was only 0.05%. The content of HCl in the flue gas at the inlet and outlet of the drying tower were 55mg/L and 195mg/L respectively, the mass fractions of Cl removal and Cl volatilization in desulfurization wastewater were 87.7% and 12.3% respectively. The increase of Cl content in the dried products had little effect on the utilization of fly ash.
Opioid prescribing patterns among medical providers in the United States, 2003-17: retrospective, observational study.

Abstract Objective To examine the distribution and patterns of opioid prescribing in the United States. Design Retrospective, observational study. Setting National private insurer covering all 50 US states and Washington DC. Participants An annual average of 669 495 providers prescribing 8.9 million opioid prescriptions to 3.9 million patients from 2003 through 2017. Main outcome measures Standardized doses of opioids in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) and number of opioid prescriptions. Results In 2017, the top 1% of providers accounted for 49% of all opioid doses and 27% of all opioid prescriptions. In absolute terms, the top 1% of providers prescribed an average of 748 000 MMEs—nearly 1000 times more than the middle 1%. At least half of all providers in the top 1% in one year were also in the top 1% in adjacent years. More than two fifths of all prescriptions written by the top 1% of providers were for more than 50 MMEs a day and over four fifths were for longer than seven days. In contrast, prescriptions written by the bottom 99% of providers were below these thresholds, with 86% of prescriptions for less than 50 MMEs a day and 71% for fewer than seven days. Providers prescribing high amounts of opioids and patients receiving high amounts of opioids persisted over time, with over half of both appearing in adjacent years. Conclusions Most prescriptions written by the majority of providers are under the recommended thresholds, suggesting that most US providers are careful in their prescribing. Interventions focusing on this group of providers are unlikely to effect beneficial change and could induce unnecessary burden. A large proportion of providers have established relationships with their patients over multiple years. Interventions to reduce inappropriate opioid prescribing should be focused on improving patient care, management of patients with complex pain, and reducing comorbidities rather than seeking to enforce a threshold for prescribing.
Cdc42 Mediates Cancer Cell Chemotaxis in Perineural Invasion

Perineural invasion (PNI) is an ominous form of cancer progression along nerves associated with poor clinical outcome. Glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) interacts with cancer cell RET receptors to enable PNI, but downstream events remain undefined. We demonstrate that GDNF leads to early activation of the GTPase Cdc42 in pancreatic cancer cells, but only delayed activation of RhoA and does not affect Rac1. Depletion of Cdc42 impairs pancreatic cancer cell chemotaxis toward GDNF and nerves. An siRNA library of guanine nucleotide exchange factors was screened to identify activators of Cdc42. ARHGEF7 (β-Pix) was required for Cdc42 activation and chemotaxis toward nerves, and also colocalizes with RET under GDNF stimulation. Cdc42 enables PNI in an in vitro dorsal root ganglia coculture model, and controls the directionality of migration but does not affect cell speed or cell viability. In contrast, Rac1 was necessary for cell speed but not directionality, while the RhoA was not necessary for either cell speed or directionality. Cdc42 was required for PNI in an in vivo murine sciatic nerve model. Depletion of Cdc42 significantly diminished the length of PNI, volume of PNI, and motor nerve paralysis resulting from PNI. Activated Cdc42 is expressed in human salivary ductal cancer cells invading nerves. These findings establish the GDNF-RET-β-Pix-Cdc42 pathway as a directional regulator of pancreatic cancer cell migration toward nerves, highlight the importance of directional migration in PNI, and offer novel targets for therapy. IMPLICATIONS: Cdc42 regulates cancer cell directional migration toward and along nerves in PNI.
COVID-19: Poverty, Housing, Homelessness – A Broad View and a Picture from West Michigan

Housing…shelter…is a fundamental part of what it means to be human. The current COVID-19 public health crisis is causing economic hardship on families and individuals, hurting disproportionately people already living in tenuous economic situations. Sectors most severely impacted by the economic shutdown employ notable numbers of such families and individuals, who now are without jobs, receiving temporary unemployment assistance, without certainty that their jobs will again be made available. In order to mitigate the additional negative outcomes of these unprecedented twin global health and economic crises, policy makers across levels of government must work together to prevent an extreme loss of housing and the related negative consequences outlined in this paper. Given Michigan has experienced one of the worst sets of recessions over the last 20 years, it is an important case study in understanding the economic impact, particularly on housing, of these crises. This paper presents an overview of the concerns in the ability to pay for housing springing from the economic impact of the public health shutdowns using west Michigan as an illustrative example. It further recommends policy actions to mitigate the most negative impacts on housing access applicable both in Michigan and nationwide.
Social Casinos: Winning Isn't Everything

Are players who win more likely to be loyal to social casino games, and better customers for the social casino industry? In this research, we investigate the relationship between social casino player success and customer loyalty. We make a case that winning is not a good predictor of customer loyalty for social casino games. Our proposed theoretical model integrates loyalty and spend level with a player’s perceived level of gaming success. The unexpected diminished role of winning as a contributing factor to loyalty challenges the traditional view of thinking that success in a gambling environment is necessary to ensure valuable ongoing customer relationships. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Perfect RGB-IR Color Routers for Sub-Wavelength Size CMOS Image Sensor Pixels

We demonstrate a conceptually novel approach for color functionality in image sensors by designing a color router that achieves perfect routing for sub-wavelength pixels. Instead of filtering, all incident light is routed based on color.
Synthesis of CIT-6, a zincosilicate with the *BEA topology

A new, large pore zincosilicate denoted CIT-6 with the framework topology of zeolite beta has been synthesized from reaction mixtures containing Li+, Zn2+ and tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) as a structure-directing agent (SDA). The effects of the concentrations of Li+, Zn2+ and TEAOH on the preparation of CIT-6 are investigated and it is shown that there are critical ranges in concentration for all three components for the crystallization of pure CIT-6. The incorporation of Zn2+ into the CIT-6 framework is confirmed by 29Si MAS-NMR and ion exchange results. CIT-6 is the first molecular sieve to contain framework zinc sites accessible to organic molecules.
Review of Nancy Plankey-Videla, We are in this Dance Together: Gender, Power, and Globalization at a Mexican Garment Firm

In 2000, Nancy Plankey-Videla began an ethnography at a high-end men’s suit factory in central Mexico. Three months later, reacting to layoffs, bonus cuts, and an effort to break the union contract, which managers blamed on global competition and the U.S. recession, the largely female workforce at Moctezuma went on strike. A corrupt union conspired with management and state regulators to put an end to the strike, but Plankey-Videla was in the right place at the right time to explore how the structure of work (five years earlier the plant replaced piecework with teamwork), the construction of gender (management articulated two constructions of the ideal female worker), and globalization (Mexico was hemorrhaging factory jobs) produced worker resistance. In the process, she explores how work structures create individualism and collectivism, how management manipulates gender roles to gain cooperation, and how globalization is refracted in local ideologies of work and class interest.