cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of a sensor to predict arcing faults in nuclear switchgear

The U.S. Navy made a major step forward in the protection of switchgear from arcing faults with the installation of arc fault detection systems beginning in 1990. These systems have a proven history of responding to arcs quickly enough to minimize damage and have reliability high enough to be certified for use in nuclear reactor power systems. However, all damage is not eliminated and loss of power never occurs at a convenient time. The predominant cause of arcing failures in Navy switchboards has been identified. Test data that confirms how these failures develop will be discussed. A low-cost sensor has been designed that will allow the detection of the majority of impending arcing failures by performing continuous thermal monitoring of the switchboard. A single detector can determine if a connection within the switchboard has exceeded 300/spl deg/C, which is well below the 1083/spl deg/C needed to melt copper. The operator is notified upon the detection of an impending failure and corrective action can be taken before arcing occurs. Details of the development of the sensor will be discussed.
Co-infection of Soybean with Soybean mosaic virus and Alfalfa mosaic virus Results in Disease Synergism and Alteration in Accumulation Level of Both Viruses

Co-infection of potyviruses with taxonomically diverse plant viruses results in disease synergism and elevation in the level of accumulation of non-potyviruses involved. In the majority of cases, however, the accumulation level of potyviruses remains essentially unaltered. A few potyviruses, such as Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), naturally infect soybean (Glycine max). Soybean is also a natural host to a number of non-potyviruses including Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), which causes mild symptoms often associated with symptom remission. We have now studied the interactions between AMV and SMV on symptom severity and accumulation level of each of the two viruses in soybean. Co-infection of soybean with AMV and SMV was established following mechanical inoculation, irrespective of simultaneous or sequential introduction of the two viruses. In multiple experiments, co-infection of soybean resulted in severe symptoms in doubly infected plants in a strain-independent manner, with enhancement in the level of AMV indicating that the interaction of AMV with SMV is synergistic. Conversely, the level of SMV accumulation was reduced. This suggests that in co-infection with AMV, SMV interacts antagonistically. The observation that co-infection of AMV and SMV results in disease synergism suggests enhancement of potential that AMV may become a serious viral disease of soybean.
Signal Decomposition with Discontinuous and Continuous Bases

Signal decomposition is usually used as a preprocessing step in signal processing. After decomposing an original signal, we can process each decomposed bases individually. Different decomposition methods result in different bases. Less number of bases could reduce the complexity of further processing. This paper shows a new method, which decomposes a signal into a mixture of continuous and discontinuous bases. The method decomposes signals into continuous and discontinuous bases separately first, and then select most significant bases by using Sparse Bayesian Learning. Our experiment results show that it can reduce the number of bases and improve the accuracy.
Preparation of [14C]Musk Xylol

Carbonation of the aryl lithium obtained from 5-t-butyl-3-iodotoluene with carbon-14 labeled carbon dioxide, followed by reduction gave [ArCH 3 - 14 C]-5-t-butyl-m-xylene. Nitration of this material gave [ArCH 3 - 14 C]-5-t-butyl-2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylene, known as Musk Xylol. The overall yield was 32% and the product had specific activity 19.8 mCi/mmol (66 mCi/mg) and was >99% pure
Learning human motion models from unsegmented videos

We present a novel method for learning human motion models from unsegmented videos. We propose a unified framework that encodes spatio-temporal relationships between descriptive motion parts and the appearance of individual poses. Sparse sets of spatial and spatio-temporal features are used. The method automatically learns static pose models and spatio-temporal motion parts. Neither motion cycles nor human figures need to be segmented for learning. We test the model on a publicly available action dataset and demonstrate that our new method performs well on a number of classification tasks. We also show that classification rates are improved by increasing the number of pose models in the framework.
Breakdown measurements of ultra-thin SiO/sub 2/ at low voltage

MOSFETs with oxide thickness from t/sub ox/=1.4 to 2.2nm have been stressed for times exceeding one year, at voltages in the range V/sub g/=1.9-4V. The data are compared with previous model calculations. The voltage acceleration of the charge-to-breakdown (Q/sub BD/) is explained in terms of a weak yet statistically significant voltage dependence of the critical defect density at breakdown (N/sup BD/), and a stronger than expected voltage dependence of the defect generation probability (P/sub g/) for the thinnest oxides studied.
Structural optimization using the finite element method applied to a beam

The optimum profile of a beam is obtained by using finite elements with mathematical programming techniques. Beam profiles of preceding studies can be diplicated by the finite element method with the appropriate choice of numerical tolerance used in the convergence test.
Suspected malignant hyperthermia in a child with laminin α2 (merosin) deficiency in the absence of a triggering agent

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is an inherited disorder of the skeletal muscles that can be triggered by many anesthetic agents. MH has different presentations and manifestations that makes it difficult to diagnose. Patients with laminin alpha2 deficiency have never been reported to be susceptible to MH. We present a suspected MH episode in the absence of classic triggering agents in a 7-year-old boy with laminin alpha2 (merosin) deficiency and congenital muscular dystrophy. The episode was diagnosed using the MH clinical grading scale and responded well to prompt management with dantrolene. We conclude that patients with laminin alpha2 deficiency may be susceptible to MH, and early suspicion and rapid treatment is vital in the management of MH. Anesthesiologists should be prepared to treat MH in susceptible patients even in the absence of a classical triggering agent.
Retinoic acid induces caspase-8 transcription via phospho-CREB and increases apoptotic responses to death stimuli in neuroblastoma cells.

Caspase-8 is frequently deleted or silenced in neuroblastoma and other solid tumor such as medulloblastoma and small cell lung carcinoma. Caspase-8 expression can be re-established in neuroblastoma cell lines by treatment with demethylating agents or with IFN-γ Here we show that four different retinoic acid (RA) derivatives also increase caspase-8 protein expression in neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma and small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. This increase in protein expression is mirrored by an increase in RNA expression in NB cells. However, the promoter region of the caspase-8 gene was not responsible for the induction of caspase-8 expression. Rather, we identified another intronic region containing a CREB binding site that was required for maximal induction of caspase-8 via RA. DNA-protein interaction assays revealed increased phospho-CREB binding to this response element in RA-treated NB cells. Furthermore, both mutation of the CREB binding site completely blocked caspase-8 induction in the luciferase reporter system assay and transfection of dominant-negative form of CREB repressed the up-regulation of caspase-8 by RA. Importantly, RA-released cells maintained caspase-8 expression for at least 2–5 days and were more sensitive to doxorubicin and TNFα. Thus, RA treatment in conjunction with TNFα and/or subsets of cytotoxic agents may have therapeutic benefits.
Do academic knowledge brokers exist? Using social network analysis to explore academic research-to-policy networks from six schools of public health in Kenya.

The potential for academic research institutions to facilitate knowledge exchange and influence evidence-informed decision-making has been gaining ground. Schools of public health (SPHs) may play a key knowledge brokering role—serving as agencies of and for development. Understanding academic-policymaker networks can facilitate the enhancement of links between policymakers and academic faculty at SPHs, as well as assist in identifying academic knowledge brokers (KBs). Using a census approach, we administered a sociometric survey to academic faculty across six SPHs in Kenya to construct academic-policymaker networks. We identified academic KBs using social network analysis (SNA) in a two-step approach: First, we ranked individuals based on (1) number of policymakers in their network; (2) number of academic peers who report seeking them out for advice on knowledge translation and (3) their network position as ‘inter-group connectors’. Second, we triangulated the three scores and re-ranked individuals. Academic faculty scoring within the top decile across all three measures were classified as KBs. Results indicate that each SPH commands a variety of unique as well as overlapping relationships with national ministries in Kenya. Of 124 full-time faculty, we identified 7 KBs in 4 of the 6 SPHs. Those scoring high on the first measure were not necessarily the same individuals scoring high on the second. KBs were also situated in a wide range along the ‘connector/betweenness’ measure. We propose that a composite score rather than traditional ‘betweenness centrality’, provides an alternative means of identifying KBs within these networks. In conclusion, SNA is a valuable tool for identifying academic-policymaker networks in Kenya. More efforts to conduct similar network studies would permit SPH leadership to identify existing linkages between faculty and policymakers, shared linkages with other SPHs and gaps so as to contribute to evidence-informed health policies.
Attack Detection Model

User spoofing has a serious impact to the normal operation of wireless and sensor networks. It is thus desirable to detect the presence of identity-based attacks and eliminate them from the network. The traditional approach to address identity-based attacks is to apply cryptographic authentication. However, authentication requires additional infrastructural overhead and computational power associated with distributing, and maintaining cryptographic keys. Due to the limited power and resources available to the wireless devices and sensor nodes, it is not always possible to deploy authentication. In this chapter, we take a different approach by using the physical properties associated with wireless transmissions to detect identity-based attacks. Specifically, we utilizes the Received Signal Strength (RSS) measured across a set of landmarks (i.e., reference points with known locations) to perform detection of identity-based attacks. In this chapter, we focus on static nodes, which are common for most identity-based attacks scenarios (Sheng et al., Detecting 802.11 MAC layer spoofing using received signal strength, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), April 2008). Our scheme does not add any overhead to the wireless devices and sensor nodes.
Effects in the ππ and K \bar K systems

Abashian, Booth and Crowe (1960) measured the recoil He3 and H3 momentum spectra from the reactions $$\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {p + d \to H{e^3} + {\pi ^0},{H^3} + {\pi ^ + }} \\ { \to H{e^3} + {\pi ^ + } + {\pi ^ - },H{e^3} + {\pi ^0} + {\pi ^0},H{e^3} + {X^0}} \\ { \to {H^3} + {\pi ^ + } + {\pi ^0},{H^3} + {X^ + }} \end{array}$$ (20.1) at incident proton energies of 624 to 743 MeV. The X0 is any particle of mass Mx < 2.8 Mπ. These authors obtained a peak in the He3 spectrum corresponding to an enhancement of whatever else was produced in the reaction at an invariant mass and width $$M = 310{\text{MeV}},\quad \Gamma \approx 25{\text{MeV}}$$ .
Photoluminescence and EPR of Phosphorus Vacancies in ZnGep2

Zinc germanium diphosphide (ZnGeP2) is a nonlinear optical material used in mid-infrared optical parametric oscillators. The near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) from single crystals of bulk ZnGeP2 has been studied as a function of excitation power, wavelength, temperature, and polarization. At 5 K, a broad PL band extending from 0.7 µm to beyond 1 µm is typically observed. Two distinct emissions with different polarization, power, and temperature behaviors have been resolved. These bands have peaks in intensity near 1.6 eV and 1.4 eV. The relative intensities of these two bands were found to correlate with the presence of phosphorus vacancies, as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). A resonance in the intensity of the 1.6-eV band occurs when pumping into a level ∼90 meV below the minimum conduction band. This level is tentatively assigned to the shallow V P − state.
Epitaxial Growth of Atomically Flat Spin Dependent Tunneling Junctions

Spin dependent tunneling junctions with epitaxially grown underlayers have been investigated to examine the possibility of achieving very flat and uniform barrier layers. Pt/Ni 80 Fe 20 /Fe 50 Mn 50 /Ni 80 Fe 20 layers were deposited on sapphire (0001) substrates at different temperatures and monitored by in-situ reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The surface morphology has been found to depend strongly on the growth temperature. X-ray diffraction and magnetic hysteresis loop measurements were also performed to characterize the film structures
Effect of different concentrations of sevoflurane in cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) on environmental pollution of operating room

Objective To investigate the effect of different concentrations of sevoflurane on environmental pollution of operating room in cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB). Methods Ninety-nine ASAⅡor Ⅲ patients scheduled for mitral-aortic valve replacement were assigned into three groups according to the concentrations of sevoflurane in CPB:group A(n=34,2% sevoflurane);group B(n=33,2.5% sevoflurane);group C(n=32,3% sevoflurane).Sevoflurane was blown into the oxygenator in three groups at the beginning of CPB,and was drawn out by central vacuum from the oxygenator air vent at the same time.The gas was collected by gasbag to detect the concentration of sevoflurane in several sites in the laminar flow operating room before the CPB,and 15,30,45,60 min after the sevoflurane was blown.The gas was collected in the sites:doctor of surgery(S),anesthetist(M),circulating nurse(X),perfusionist(T),1 cm above the reservoir(R),the oxygenator air vent(O). Results In group C,the concentration of sevoflurane was increased with the time of insufflating sevoflurane at X site and T site(P0.05),and the concentration of sevoflurane was nearly to the safe concertration of operating room(2×10-6) at T4;but there was no significant change in group A and group B.At T3 and T4,the concentrations of sevoflurane at M site and S site in group C were significantly higher than that in group B(P0.05).At X,T,R,and O sites,the concentrations of sevoflurane were the highest in group C and the lowest in group A(P0.01)at the same time. Conclusion When the concentration of sevoflurane is lower than 2.5% in CPB,there was no environmental pollution in the operation room.When the concentration of sevoflurane is higher than 3% in CPB and the time is more than 60 min,the environments at sites of the circulating nurses and perfusionists are polluted possibly.
Exactly Which Bounded Darboux Functions Are Derivatives

(2007). Exactly Which Bounded Darboux Functions Are Derivatives? The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 114, No. 3, pp. 242-246.
Barriers to Self-management of Serious Mental Illness and Diabetes.

Objectives Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) (major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia), and diabetes (DM), face significant challenges in managing their physical and mental health. The objective of this study was to assess perceived barriers to self-management among patients with both SMI and DM in order to inform healthcare delivery practices.
Pericles Becomes the First Man of Athens

In the 440s Pericles won his way to the top in the contest for leadership in democratic Athens. It was a time of almost nonstop conflict in foreign affairs and domestic politics. The Spartans followed up their rejection of Pericles' proposal for Greek unity by sending a military expedition to Delphi to secure their own primacy at Apollo's shrine. The Athenians countered this move after the Spartans returned home by sending Pericles to command an expedition to the god's sanctuary to reverse the arrangements that their enemies had made. He had the name of the Athenians inscribed on the statue of a bronze wolf in the sacred precinct to show that petitioners from Athens received the privilege of going to the head of the line of people waiting to consult the oracle, displacing the Spartans from that treasured advantage. The five-year peace that Athens and Sparta had agreed to in 451 was obviously fraying. As usual, the chronology of events is confused in the ancient sources, but it is clear that Pericles was now playing a major role as a military commander in campaigns outside Athenian territory. Still, Athens had no second Cimon in the sense of a general whom the people regarded as far and away their best, and Tolmides' military reputation seems to have been as prominent as Pericles' in the early years of the decade. Pericles did, however, win great acclaim for the expedition he led in about 447 to the Thracian Chersonese. Ancestors of Cimon had long before settled Athenians on this peninsula, whose cities controlled the strait through which crucial imports of grain and timber were transported south from the shores of the Black Sea. The Thracians had never been happy about this encroachment, and they constantly raided the Greeks' settlements. Pericles reestablished the Athenian presence in this strategically important region by recruiting and transporting a large group of new settlers to occupy the land and building a defense wall four miles long to reach from shore to shore across the neck of the peninsula. It seems possible that Pericles was aided in this innovative plan by recalling information about the region that he had long before learned from his father, who had been the Athenian commander in a victorious campaign in the Chersonese at the end of the Persian Wars.
Supine position and nonmodifiable risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients.

Abstract Background We studied trauma-specific conditions precluding semiupright positioning and other nonmodifiable risk factors for their influence on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Methods We performed a retrospective study at a Level I trauma center from 2008 to 2012 on ICU patients aged ≥15, who were intubated for more than 2 days. Using backward logistic regression, a composite of 4 factors (open abdomen, acute spinal cord injury, spine fracture, spine surgery) that preclude semiupright positioning (supine composite) and other variables were analyzed. Results In total, 77 of 374 (21%) patients had VAP. Abbreviated Injury Score head/neck greater than 2 (odds ratio [OR] 2.79, P = .006), esophageal obturator airway (OR 4.25, P = .015), red cell/plasma transfusion in the first 2 intensive care unit days (OR 2.59, P = .003), and 11 or more ventilator days (OR 17.38, P Conclusion Factors that may temporarily preclude semiupright positioning in intubated trauma patients were not associated with a higher risk for VAP.
Perceptions of 4-H Extension Educators and Volunteer Leaders toward the Inclusion of Youth with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder(s) in 4-H Programs

The challenges, attitudes, training and support systems needed by 4-H extension educators and volunteer leaders in order to successfully and effectively include youth with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) in their programs are discussed within this article. Data were collected from extension educators and volunteer leaders in a Northeastern state. The results revealed that 4-H extension educators and volunteer leaders are not adequately trained to include youth with ADHD despite the fact that they may have one or two children with these symptoms in their clubs. For inclusion to be meaningful for youth with ADHD we recommend training for extension educators and volunteer leaders on characteristics of ADHD, its implication for youth involvement as well as techniques/ways of meeting the learning styles of youth with ADHD.
Early active motion protocol following open reduction internal fixation of the scaphoid: A pilot study

Scaphoid fractures are common injuries which traditionally have been treated with long periods of immobilization even after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The purpose of this pilot investigation was two-fold: 1) describe a precise postoperative Early Active Motion (EAM) rehabilitation protocol following ORIF of scaphoid fractures and 2) record the outcomes of the EAM protocol. Eight consecutive patients having undergone ORIF of the scaphoid were enrolled in the EAM and followed for a minimum of 1 year. At 12 weeks, Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, Mayo Wrist score, and range of motion values were obtained. At 1 year, a telephone survey was conducted and several data points were obtained including DASH and Mayo Wrist score, number of push-ups, satisfaction with surgery and ability to remain on active duty. All 8 patients were male, on active duty, with an average age of 26 years. Two patients used tobacco products and none had major health problems. All patients completed the EAM protocol and obtained CT; all CT exams demonstrated healing at 8 weeks. At 12 weeks postoperatively, the average DASH score was 8.8±16 (range: 0-47.5), Mayo wrist score was 88±10 (range: 75-100) and range of motion nearly symmetrical. At a mean final follow-up of 15.4 months postoperatively, the average DASH score was 1.1±1.7 (Range: 0-4.5), Mayo wrist score was 97.5±4 (range 90-100), average number of push-ups was 57 (40-70) at the prior Army Physical Fitness Test. All patients were satisfied with surgery and all remained on active duty at 1 year. There were no reported complications. The EAM protocol following scaphoid fracture ORIF is safe and effective. The EAM can reliably return patients back to high demand activity earlier than a traditional protocol.
Superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome.

Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) syndrome is an increasingly recognized cause of vestibular and/or auditory symptoms in both adults and children. These symptoms are believed to result from the presence of a pathological mobile “third window” into the labyrinth due to deficiency in the osseous shell, leading to inadvertent hydroacoustic transmissions through the cochlea and labyrinth. The most common bony defect of the superior canal is found over the arcuate eminence, with rare cases involving the posteromedial limb of the superior canal associated with the superior petrosal sinus. Operative intervention is indicated for intractable or debilitating symptoms that persist despite conservative management and vestibular sedation. Surgical repair can be accomplished by reconstruction or plugging of the bony defect or reinforcement of the round window through a variety of operative approaches. The authors review the etiology, pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, surgical options, and outcomes ...
The Metabolic Fetish: Introduction to Blood Sugar: Racial Pharmacology and Food Justice in Black America

Excerpt from “Introduction” to Blood Sugar: Racial Pharmacology and Food Justice in Black America by Anthony Ryan Hatch. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Copyright 2016 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/blood-sugar .
CLOPIDOGREL IS NOT COMMONLY USED BUT ASSOCIATED WITH LESS RE-HOSPITALIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH PERIOPERATIVE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION FOLLOWING CABG SURGERY

Background: Perioperative myocardial infarction (periop MI) after CABG has been associated with worse outcome. We assessed the association between clopidogrel use and short-term outcomes in patients with periop MI following CABG surgery. Methods: We used data from 3 clinical trials: RED-CABG, MEND-
Conchita Wurst oder: Warum ich (manchmal) ein(e) Andere(r) ist

Reiner Keller und Sasa Bosancic erlautern in ihrem Beitrag „Conchita Wurst oder: Warum ich (manchmal) ein(e) Andere(r) ist. Macht, Subjekt, Handlungsfahigkeit – Uber Erleben, Erfahren und (Auto-)Biographisieren aus Sicht der Wissenssoziologischen Diskursanalyse“ den theoretischen Zusammenhang von Diskursen, Subjekten und Biographien mit den Akteurskategorien der Wissenssoziologischen Diskursanalyse (WDA). Dabei wird zunachst mit der Unterscheidung von Erleben und Erfahren im Anschluss an Alfred Schutz diskutiert, wie menschliche Selbst- und Weltbeziehungen mit gesellschaftlichen Wissensordnungen und kollektiven Sinnsystemen zusammenhangen. Daran anschliesend wird der Frage der menschlichen Handlungsfahigkeit bzw. ‘agency’ mit einem minimal-anthropologischen Akteurskonzept begegnet, mit dem im Rahmen der WDA die Untersuchung von Subjektivierungsweisen als doppelseitiger Prozess konzipiert wird: einerseits konnen damit Diskurse empirisch in den Blick genommen werden, in denen Subjektpositionen – verstanden als Modellsubjekte und Identitatsangebote – prozessieren. Andererseits lasst sich dann empirisch ausloten, welche Zusammenhange zwischen den diskursiven Deutungsangeboten und den Selbstverhaltnissen, Subjektivitaten und biographischen Erzahlungen bestehen.
Abstract 2535: Urban Versus Rural Differences In Stroke Risk: The CDC Wonder Estimates Of Mortality, And REasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (REGARDS) Estimates Of Incidence And Survival After Stroke

Introduction: Rural-urban disparities in stroke are poorly understood and incompletely characterized. US stroke incidence, mortality, and survival after stroke have not, to our knowledge, been prev...
Peripapillary sparing in RDH12-associated Leber congenital amaurosis.

ABSTRACTBackground: Peripapillary sparing is a characteristic that is traditionally described as pathognomonic for Stargardt disease.Materials and methods: We present a multimodal assessment of four Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) cases with congenital macular atrophy and severely attenuated electroretinogram findings caused by bilallelic mutations in RDH12.Results: Fundus autofluorescence imaging revealed a general loss of retinal pigment epithelium across the macula except for the peripapillary region in both eyes of all patients. Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography confirmed relative preservation in this area along with retinal thinning and excavation throughout the rest of the macula. LCA was diagnosed based on clinical exam and retinal imaging, and subsequently confirmed with genetic testing.Conclusions: Peripapillary sparing is a novel phenotypic feature of RDH12-associated LCA.
Comparison and the Spectre of Perennialism: A Reply to Craig Martin

Craig Martin accuses me of repeating the mistakes of perennialism, perpetuating an irresponsible and covertly theological approach to research that rushes to identify dubious “similarities” in religious experience across culture and history. While it is true that I identify cross-cultural similarities in the accounts of mystical experience that I examine in Zen and the Unspeakable God , that argument is based on historical evidence, and does not imply the questionable theological conclusions for which classical perennialism has been criticized. Learning from the mistakes of perennialism does not mean dismissing comparison as an illegitimate enterprise or rejecting cross-cultural similarities as prima facie impossible; it means insisting on evidentially-grounded and historically sensitive research that is willing and able to identify both differences and similarities. It also means resisting the temptation to oversimplify our task by reducing all research on religion to one preferred analytical category.
Evaluation of the epistemic state of the speaker/author

Language users are sensitive to their language's grammatical requirements, the plausibility of the situation described and the information shared by speaker and listener. We propose that they are also sensitive to whether an author is likely to be in a state of knowledge that actually supports the assertion being made. Failure to be in such a state reduces the naturalness of the assertion. Consistent with this proposal, sentences with a disjoined noun phrase are judged to be less natural than their conjunctive counterparts, presumably because the author of a disjunctive sentence must know that an event took place but not know which of the two individuals was the agent. This unlikely state of knowledge reduces the naturalness of the sentence. The results of three experiments indicate that providing evidence that the speaker could be in an unlikely epistemic state reduces the disjunction penalty; a fourth extends the demonstration of the penalty from coordinated noun phrases to coordinated verb phrases. We also present one experiment that explores the possibility that disjunction penalty is due to the unexpectedness of a disjunction. These findings demonstrate that language users evaluate linguistic input in light of the epistemic state of its author.
Autologous Fat Augmentation and Periorbital Laser Resurfacing Complicated by Abscess Formation

Introduction:There are many modalities for rejuvenation of the aging face, including rhytidectomy, soft tissue augmentation, and skin resurfacing. Skin resurfacing modalities for the treatment of rhytides include chemical peels, dermabrasion, and laser resurfacing. Complications of skin resurfacing include infection, prolonged erythema, and scar formation. Autologous fat augmentation used for soft tissue “rejuvenation” of the face has the advantages of having no allergic reactions or rejection. Complications include edema, ecchymoses, pain, nerve or blood vessel damage, infections, and rarely orbital or cerebral emboli. The author presents a case of an abscess formation of the lacrimal duct system in a patient with autologous fat augmentation and laser resurfacing preceded by tear-duct punctal plugs 1 week prior to surgery.Materials and Methods:An overall healthy 55-year-old female was seeking treatment of periorbital rhytides and mild dermatochalasis, prominent nasojugal creases, malar fat pad ptosis, pr...
Application of high voltage electrical discharge plasma for the inactivation of Escherichia coli ATCC 700891 in tangerine juice

Abstract A tangerine juice inoculated with Escherichia coli ATCC 700891 was treated using direct-in-liquid electrical discharge plasma. The reactor system used a point-plane electrode configuration with both a high voltage electrode and a grounded electrode submerged in the juice. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed at different applied voltages (17–30 kV), discharge frequencies (20–80 Hz) and temperatures (15–35 °C). At optimum operational parameters (30 kV, 40 Hz, and 25 °C), E. coli was reduced by 4.8 Log10 CFU/mL after a plasma exposure of 2 min and below the detection limit of >1 Log10 CFU/mL within 3 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed changes in cell morphology following the treatment suggesting that E. coli might be inactivated by cell wall damage caused by shock waves produced by the plasma. Physicochemical characteristics of the tangerine juice were not altered by the plasma treatment when compared to the untreated tangerine juice. In contrast, there were significant changes observed in total acidity, ascorbic acid and total phenol content in pasteurized tangerine juice. The results obtained in this study promote the further development of this technology for the inactivation of foodborne pathogens and extended shelf-life of fruit-based beverages.
Health Policy and Dementia.

The anticipated number of persons with dementia continues to grow, and the US has insufficiently planned to provide and pay for care for this large population. A number of significant clinical trials aiming to prevent or cure dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, have not demonstrated success. Because of the lack of efficacious treatments, and the fact that brain changes associated with dementia may begin decades before symptoms, we can predict that efforts to cure or prevent dementia will not succeed in time for millions of people in the baby boomer generation. Because of the anticipated increase in people suffering with dementia in the coming years, US health policy must address major gaps in how to provide and pay for dementia care. Reliance on Medicaid and Medicare as currently structured will not sustain the necessary care, nor can families alone provide all necessary dementia care. Innovative forms of providing long-term care and paying for it are crucially needed.
COMPARATIVE ASPECTS OF HEPATIC MONOOXYGENASE INDUCTION IN RAT AND RAINBOW TROUT BY SEVERAL PCB ISOMERS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the comparative aspects of hepatic monooxygenase induction in rat and rainbow trout by several polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) isomers. Because of the widespread distribution of PCBs in the ecosphere including fresh and marine waters, the study described in the chapter investigated the effects of (1) two commercial mixtures of PCBs, namely, Aroclors 1254 and 1242, and (2) two pure non-coplanar PCB isomers and one pure coplanar isomer on the inducibility of rainbow trout hepatic cytochrome(s) P-450 activity. The hepatic cytochrome P-450 system of this strain of fish has proven refractive to induction by phenobarbitone-like agents. From the study, it was found that rodent and trout hepatic monooxygenation activities were induced more with the commercial PCB mixtures than with the individual isomers studied. The finding of chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in these mixtures has been used to explain their potent inductive effects, especially on the cytochrome P-448 system.
Versuche an Seesterneiern

Die Versuche uber die kunstliche Parthenogenese an anderen Formen ist im wesentlichen eine Rekapitulation der Erfahrungen, welche wir an den Eiern der Seeigel gewonnen haben. Wir finden, das nicht alle die Methoden, welche wir bei dem Seeigelei anwendeten, mit dem gleichen Erfolg bei den Eiern aller Formen anwendbar sind; aber die eine oder die andere dieser Methoden fuhrt im allgemeinen, wenn auch mit Modifikationen, bei den Eiern anderer Arten zum Ziel. Das stimmt mit der bei der heterogenen Hybridisation gemachten Erfahrung uberein, das die verschiedensten, vermutlich alle beliebigen Spermatozoen das Ei zur Entwicklung anregen konnen. Das ist nur unter der Annahme verstandlich, das in den verschiedenen Spermatozoen derselbe Stoff, oder ein derselben chemischen Gruppe angehoriger Stoff (z. B. eine hohere Fettsaure) die Entwicklungserregung bedingt.
Epigenetic Regulation of MicroRNA in Colon Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of death from cancer all over the world. New and improved approaches are needed to detect CRC early and develop effective therapeutic approaches. Recently, the role of non-coding small microRNAs (miRs) in CRC initiation and progression has been proposed. In this article, we have summarized which miRs are commonly regulated by epigenetic mechanisms in CRC and their contribution towards gene regulation leading to carcinogenesis. The potential implications of using miR as a marker of risk, therapeutic target and survival are discussed. Future studies should emphasize translational research including the validation of key findings from different laboratories and investigators and the implications of these findings for clinical practice.
Perceived Control Theory of Narcissism

The concepts of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism present a puzzling enigma: how can the key features of narcissism (i.e., entitlement, self-centeredness, and low empathy) manifest into such different subtypes? Past work shows that grandiose narcissists are arrogant, dominating, and manipulative self-enhancers, whereas vulnerable narcissists are hypersensitive, distrustful, and neurotic self-doubters (e.g., Miller et al., 2011; Wink, 1991). In this chapter, I propose a new perspective to explain why grandiose and vulnerable narcissists share a narcissistic core but otherwise exhibit vastly different characteristics. Specifically, I propose that their diverging characteristics and behaviors stem from a difference in perceived control. Much previous research has shown that people are motivated to view the world around them as predictable and controllable, and that perceiving high controls tends to be beneficial and perceiving low control tends to be detrimental (e.g., Abramson et al., 1978; Langer and Rodin, 1976). According to the Perceived Control Theory of Narcissism (PCTN), grandiose narcissists have high perceived control over their own outcomes, the behavior of others, and the world around them, whereas vulnerable narcissists’ perceived control over these domains is low. In this chapter, I outline how past research supports perceived control as a differentiating feature between grandiose and vulnerable narcissists, including how differences in perceived control account for the narcissistic subtypes’ other divergent characteristics. I also outline implications of the PCTN, including the theory’s ability to explain conflicting research findings and to generate new predictions to aid researchers, lay-people, and mental health practitioners in better understanding trait narcissism.
Time and the Rhythms of Emancipatory Education: Rethinking the temporal complexity of self and society

Time and the Rhythms of Emancipatory Education argues that by rethinking the way we relate to time, we can fundamentally rethink the way we conceive education. Beyond the contemporary rhetoric of acceleration, speed, urgency or slowness, this book provides an epistemological, historical and theoretical framework that will serve as a comprehensive resource for critical reflection on the relationship between the experience of time and emancipatory education. Drawing upon time and rhythm studies, complexity theories and educational research, Alhadeff-Jones reflects upon the temporal and rhythmic dimensions of education in order to (re)theorize and address current societal and educational challenges. The book is divided into three parts. The first begins by discussing the specificities inherent to the study of time in educational sciences. The second contextualizes the evolution of temporal constraints that determine the ways education is institutionalized, organized, and experienced. The third and final part questions the meanings of emancipatory education in a context of temporal alienation. This is the first book to provide a broad overview of European and North-American theories that inform both the ideas of time and rhythm in educational sciences, from school instruction, curriculum design and arts education, to vocational training, lifelong learning and educational policies. It will be of key interest to academics, researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of philosophy of education, sociology of education, history of education, psychology, curriculum and learning theory, and adult education. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
Socioeconomic Resource Environments in Biological and Alternative Family Care and Children's Cognitive Performance.

Objective We examined social and economic resources in the environments of children involved with child protective services and their associations with children's cognitive performance. Methods We used a national dataset of child protection investigations (children ages 6 to 16 at wave 1). Using latent class analysis, we constructed profiles of the financial resources, parental education and employment, and family structure and size. We then examined within- and across-time associations between resource environment profiles and children's math and reading scores, and tested whether associations differed by family care type. Results Our latent class analysis identified four distinct family resource environments: educated middle class, single earner, large working class, and severely disadvantaged. Family resource environment profiles predicted current cognitive performance and changes in performance over time, but associations were more consistent for children in biological family care. Conclusion Children who remain in home following maltreatment allegations may benefit from services that target social as well as economic resources.
The role of intolerance of uncertainty in current and remitted internalizing and externalizing psychopathology.

Abstract Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a putative key, transdiagnostic factor in internalizing psychopathologies. However, it is unclear if elevated levels of IU, as measured by the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, short form (IUS-12) and its subscales (prospective and inhibitory IU), persist into remission of internalizing psychopathologies (or particular types of internalizing psychopathologies; e.g., fear vs. distress-misery disorders). It is also unknown if IU is specifically characteristic of internalizing (vs. externalizing) psychopathology and whether this relationship is independent of neuroticism/negative affectivity (N/NA). A large community sample (n = 517) completed a diagnostic interview and self-report measures of IU and N/NA. Results indicated that, independent of N/NA, IU was elevated in current fear and distress/misery disorders, but not externalizing disorders. Individuals with remitted fear disorders also displayed significantly elevated levels of IU in comparison to healthy controls after adjusting for levels of N/NA. In terms of subscales, elevated levels of inhibitory IU, and not prospective IU, demonstrated more reliable relationships with internalizing psychopathologies. In summary, IU was more consistently related to fear disorders, demonstrated incremental validity over and above the effects of N/NA, and may be a key, transdiagnostic mechanism in fear disorders.
Canopy tree preference by insectivorous birds in shade-coffee farms: Implications for migratory bird conservation

Land converted to coffee agriculture occupies >5 million hectares of what was once prime overwintering natural habitat in the American Neotropics for migrating birds. When tree canopy is retained or restored (i.e., shade‐grown), coffee farms can serve as habitat refuge for wildlife. Yet few studies have examined whether canopy tree identity impacts habitat quality for biodiversity. Specifically, whether or not certain tree species are disproportionately important for foraging insectivorous birds remains unclear. In this study, we quantified bird foraging activity on 22 tree species in two Latin American Bird Friendly© coffee farms. Specifically, we conducted timed observations on focal trees to determine 1) tree preferences, 2) foraging bird abundance, 3) foraging time, and 4) species richness of birds using each canopy tree species. We found that birds did not forage randomly, and instead exhibited preferences for particular native tree species. Nitrogen‐fixing Fabaceae were consistently used more frequently, supported more resident and migratory birds for longer periods of time, and supported more bird species than trees in other families. We posit that the potential mechanism contributing to tree preferences is the increase in insect abundance and diversity that provide high‐quality food for insectivores but do not present pest problems for coffee. Thus, tree species that support insects may provide multiple benefits for farmers in the form of bottom‐up soil fertilization and top‐down pest control. This study provides evidence that agroforestry land can be improved for birds of conservation concern by prioritizing canopy tree species that help birds and farm productivity.
Abstract P2037: G Protein-Coupled Receptor 37l1 is Localized on the Nuclear Envelope

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), expressed on the plasma membrane, interact with various types of ligands, which trigger a cascade of signal transduction events leading to different intracellul...
Short Communication: Metformin Reduces CD4 T Cell Exhaustion in HIV-Infected Adults on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

Increased negative immune checkpoint receptors (NCR) on T cells are linked to T cell exhaustion, dysfunctional effector responses, and HIV viral persistence. Metformin, an oral hypoglycemic agent u...
Applying Blind Source Separation to Magnetic Anomaly Detection Algorithms

Magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) is highly effective for detecting unexploded ordnance in marine environments. There is a need to localize multiple targets simultaneously when their magnetic signatures mix. Independent component analysis (ICA) has been used as a method for blind source separation in biomedical fields to separate various electrical and magnetic field signals associated with the human body. By using multiple magnetometers on single or multiple vehicles, ICA can be adapted to separate out the overlapping signals for a magnetic survey. However, due to scaling and permutation ambiguities associated with the ICA process, the separation step results in errors during the localization step. These issues are mitigated so that successful signal separation and localization becomes possible. According to simulations, the ICA algorithm combined with a genetic algorithm (GA) is able to produce localizations for two magnetic targets on the ocean floor within 1 to 2 meters of accuracy.
Excessive Homeostatic Gain in Spinal Motoneurons in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

In the mSOD1 model of ALS, the excitability of motoneurons is poorly controlled, oscillating between hyperexcitable and hypoexcitable states during disease progression. The hyperexcitability is mediated by excessive activity of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels that is initially counteracted by aberrant increases in cell size and conductance. The balance between these opposing actions collapses, however, at the time that the denervation of muscle fibers begins at about P50, resulting in a state of hypo-excitability and cell death. We propose that this process of neurodegeneration ensues from homeostatic dysregulation of excitability and have tested this hypothesis by perturbing a signal transduction pathway that plays a major role in controlling biogenesis and cell size. Our 『homeostatic dysregulation hypothesis' predicted that neonatal mSOD1 motoneurons would be much more sensitive to such perturbations than wild type controls and our results strongly support this hypothesis. Our results have important implications for therapeutic approaches to ALS.
Observations and Predictions of Bedforms in Tidal Inlets and River Mouths

Abstract : The long term objective of the proposed study is to model and measure bedforms in tidal inlets and river mouths. We use an existing self-organization model to predict multiple scales of bedforms and we will make measurements of bedforms within combined flow environments (May 2012). The model s predictive skill will then be evaluated. This grant was for 1 year only and included funds to begin model development, to interact with the CSDMS group, and to participate in an ONR program review (June 2010). These activities have all been completed and a follow-on ONR grant has been awarded.
In Vivo CRISPR/Cas9-Based Targeted Disruption and Knockin of a Long Noncoding RNA

The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been widely used as an efficient genome-editing tool for studying physiological functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). In this chapter, we describe the experimental procedures for using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to genetically modify a long noncoding RNA in vivo through the targeted disruption and knockin approaches.