cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Induction of follistatin precedes gastric transformation in gastrin deficient mice

Abstract We previously showed that antral gastric tumors develop in gastrin-deficient (Gas−/−) mice. Therefore Gas−/−mice were studied sequentially over 12 months to identify molecular mechanisms underlying gastric transformation. Fundic atrophy developed by 9 months in Gas−/− mice. Antral mucosal hyperplasia developed coincident with the focal loss of TFF1 and Muc5AC. Microarray analysis of 12 month Gas−/− tumors revealed an increase in follistatin, an activin/BMP antagonist. We found that elevated follistatin expression occurred in the proliferative neck zone of hyperplastic antrums, in antral tumors of Gas−/− mice, and also in human gastric cancers. Follistatin induced cyclin D1 and the trefoil factors TFF1 and TFF2 in a gastric cancer cell line. We concluded that antral hyperplasia in Gas−/− mice involves amplification of mucous cell lineages due to follistatin, suggesting its role in the development of antral gastric tumors.
Effect of friction on the interface crack loaded in shear

The conventional formulation used in the past for problems involving interface cracks leads to a physical contradiction: The two sides of the crack are assumed to be free of tractions in the formulation, but the crack faces are seen to overlap after the solution is constructed. This unsatisfactory feature can be eliminated by introducing contact zones at the tips of an interface crack. The present article investigates the effect of friction in the contact zones for loads that start from zero and are increased monotonically. As an application, shear loading is considered, and the problem is reduced to a singular integral equation with a Cauchy-type kernel which is solved numerically. The results show that one of the contact zones is large and that friction affects the global nature of the stress fields. The results worked out include also the stress intensity factors, crack opening displacement, and the pressure distribution in the larger contact zone.
New Visions and Re-Visions in 20th and 21st Century French Literature

In the twentieth century, the “death of the author” was proclaimed by literary critics. Since then, there has been a shift in focus from text to reader. This reorientation called forth changing critical paradigms, taking us from modernism to postmodernism and beyond... This introductory material is available in Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol36/iss1/2 New Visions and Re-Visions in 20th and 21st Century French Literature Eileen M. Angelini Canisius College In the twentieth century, the “death of the author” was proclaimed by literary critics. Since then, there has been a shift in focus from text to reader. This reorientation called forth changing critical paradigms, taking us from modernism to postmodernism and beyond. New ideologies shaped readeroriented theories and opened up the field for feminism, gender and identity studies, as well as cultural studies. An ever-growing field of interdisciplinary approaches began to emerge, linking literature to the arts, psychology, philosophy, and the neurosciences. Moreover, compelling political and social events left their mark, one of the most significant being the expansion of the Francophone world, which forever changed the landscape of French letters. Not only reading but writing was changing as well, as authors introduced new forms and techniques, rethought the very nature of and boundaries between genres, engaged in intertextual play, and were unafraid to cross borders. We have come a long way from the turn of the last century to the start of the second decade of the present one and have been exposed to many changes in the field of literary studies. It is, therefore, relevant to stand back and take a comprehensive view of the new ways of seeing, or, as Nelson Goodman would say, new ways of worldmaking. It is equally essential to take another look at writers whose reputation was established early on in the twentieth century in order to assess their reception in the twenty-first century. Conversely, it behooves us to consider why some authors who did not fare so well in the previous century are now read with interest. As we set out to examine twentieth and twenty-first century French and Francophone literature, we include texts that look back at the past and 1 Angelini: New Visions and Re-Visions in 20th and 21st Century French Litera Published by New Prairie Press
Promoting Economic Development A Comparison of Central Cities, Suburbs, and Nonmetropolitan Communities

The authors use survey and census data to compare the economic development policies of central cities, suburbs, and nonmetropolitan communities. Regional competition is strongly associated with the number of development programs adopted by all three types of communities, but several important differences exist among them. Central-city governments are most active in promoting development, with population size exerting a positive influence on development activities. For suburbs, the poverty rate is positively related to development effort. In nonmetropolitan communities, involvement by the city government in economic development exhibits a strong positive relationship with the number of development programs adopted.
SPACE-TIME SYMMETRIES AND SEMICLASSICAL AMPLITUDES

We examine the space-time symmetries of forward 2→2 scattering. These symmetries have non-trivial consequences for any class of configurations which might dominate the amplitude in the semiclassical approximation. We derive some dynamical results regarding the stability of configurations which arise solely from reflection symmetry and positivity of the (Euclidean) path-integral action. We consider the relative importance of initial state effects on non-O(3) symmetric configurations.
Contour Grouping Based on Contour-Skeleton Duality

In this paper we present a method for grouping relevant object contours in edge maps by taking advantage of contour-skeleton duality. Regularizing contours and skeletons simultaneously allows us to combine both low level perceptual constraints as well as higher level model constraints in a very effective way. The models are represented using paths in symmetry sets. Skeletons are treated as trajectories of an imaginary virtual robot in a discrete space of "symmetric points" obtained from pairs of edge segments. Boundaries are then defined as the maps obtained by grouping the associated pairs of edge segments along the trajectories. Casting the grouping problem in this manner makes it similar to the problem of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Hence we adapt the state-of-the-art probabilistic framework namely Rao-Blackwellized particle filtering that has been successfully applied to SLAM. We use the framework to maximize the joint posterior over skeletons and contours.
Restoration of caveolin-1 expression suppresses growth and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) plays an important role in modulating cellular signalling, but its role in metastasis is not well defined. A significant reduction in Cav-1 levels was detected in lymph node metastases as compared with primary tumour of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) specimens (P<0.0001), confirming the downregulation of Cav-1 observed in a highly metastatic M4 cell lines derived from our orthotopic xenograft model. To investigate the function of Cav-1 in metastasis of HNSCC, we compared stable clones of M4 cells carrying human cav-1 cDNA (CavS) with cells expressing an empty vector (EV) in vitro and in the orthotopic xenograft model. Overexpression of Cav-1 suppressed growth of the CavS tumours compared with the EV tumours. The incidence of lung metastases was significantly lower in animals carrying CavS tumours than those with EV tumours (P=0.03). In vitro, CavS cells displayed reduced cell growth, invasion, and increased anoikis compared with EV cells. In CavS cells, Cav-1 formed complex with integrin β1 and Src. Further application of integrin β1 neutralising antibody or Src inhibitor PP2 to EV cells illustrated similar phenotypes as CavS cells, suggesting that Cav-1 may play an inhibitory role in tumorigenesis and lung metastasis through regulating integrin β1- and Src-mediated cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions.
Performance of a novel piezoelectric motor at 4.7 T: applications and initial tests.

Abstract The focus of this report was to test the performance of a novel piezoelectric motor under high magnetic field strength conditions and to investigate its potential applications in small animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The device is made entirely of nonferrous materials and consists of four piezoelectric ceramic plates connected to a threaded metal tube through which a screw migrates. Ultrasonic vibrations of the threads inherent to the tube result in rotational and translational motion of the screw. Potential applications of the piezoelectric motor were investigated at 4.7 T. Firstly, phantom studies showed the motor was capable of accurately delivering low injection volumes (∼0.01 ml). Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) studies performed in vivo using serially acquired T1-weighted, spin-echo imaging demonstrated the ability of the motor to reliably administer MR contrast-enhancing agent into live tumor-bearing mice without the introduction of image artifacts. In a second set of experiments, the motor allowed for controlled, dynamic repositioning of an anatomic slice of interest in a live animal to magnetic field isocenter, which resulted in reduced geometric distortion and image artifact due to improved radiofrequency and gradient field homogeneity. In conclusion, piezoelectric motors are MR compatible and offer great potential for improving MRI efficiency and throughput, particularly in a preclinical setting. Further investigation into applications such as automated capacitor tuning and impedance matching for MR transceiver coils is warranted.
The impact of floral larceny on individuals, populations, and communities

Many insects and other animals that visit flowers are not mutualistic pollinators, but rather "behavioral robbers" which pierce flowers to extract nectar, and "thieves" which enter flowers in the normal way but provide little or no pollination service. Although the study of floral larceny has grown rapidly in the last two decades, the importance of larceny for individual fitness and for population- and community-level phenomena is only now becoming apparent. Here we synthesize the current understanding of floral larceny by reviewing and re-analyzing existing published data, by presenting new data of our own, and by suggesting avenues of further research. First, we perform a meta-analysis on existing studies, which shows that larceny has an overall detrimental effect on female reproductive success of plants, and that effect size depends on the types of robbers, thieves, and pollinators that interact as well as on the reproductive biology of the plant. This quantitative analysis improves upon a recently published qualitative analysis of larceny and plant fitness. Next, we discuss the possibility that larcenists and pollinators can select in different directions on floral traits, possibly contributing to the standing variation in floral phenotypes that is observed within natural populations. Larceny has the potential to affect plant population dynamics, so long as offspring recruitment and survival depend on seed production, a point we illustrate with data from the montane herb Ipomopsis aggregata. Our studies of this species also show how larcenists may influence community-level dynamics, by linking plant species that they rob or by influencing other plant species through altered behavior of shared pollinators. Population- and community-level effects of larceny, and their possible roles in stabilizing pollination food webs, provide rich prospects for future research.
Impact of treatment with pravastatin on delayed ischemic disease and mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Statins have neuroprotective properties including improved vasomotor reactivity, reduced platelet activation and anti-inflammatory effects [1]. A prospective observational controlled study was conducted to evaluate the impact of pravastatin on the development of delayed ischemic disease (DID) and ICU mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).
The Voices of Things

ABSTRACTWe find ourselves summoned forth by the earth, the light, water, and fire; we find ourselves directed by the things about us. Things lure us, provoke us, direct us, charm, or hex us. Animism and fetishism designate two different ways we have understood these experiences. Although a specific form of animism has come to dominate in our art and epistemology, fetishist ontology remains and returns.
MÖSSBAUER STUDIES OF TIN(IV) COMPLEXES WITH ANIONIC CHELATING LIGANDS HAVING OXYGEN DONORS

Abstract Mossbauer spectra have been obtained for thirty-two complexes of tin(IV), including those with kojic acid, tropolone, chloranilic acid, benzoic and ortho- and para-chlorobenzoic acids and salicylic acid, as well as o-phenanthroline complexes with the tin(IV) carboxylates. Quadrupole splittings reveal trans C[sbnd]Sn[sbnd]C bonds in all the octahedral diorganocompounds except diphenylbis(kojato)tin(IV) and diphenylbis(tropolonato)tin(IV). Oxygen-tin and pyridine-type nitrogen-tin dative bonds are observed to effect similar electron densities at the tin nucleus. o-Phenanthroline interacts with the carboxylate compounds to replace chelate C[dbnd]O→Sn and H-(c)o→Sn dative bonds by N→Sn bonds.
Prediction of First Quarter Freshman GPA Using Sat Scores and High School Grades

The study attempted to determine the validity of students' SAT scores and HSGPA as predictors of freshman course grades and overall college grade point average (CGPA). Subjects for the study included 669 freshman students at Georgia Southern College who had enrolled in and completed either English Composition I or freshman mathematics during fall quarter, 1973. Data for the study included students' SAT-V scores, SAT-M scores, HSGPA and CGPA. Results showed that a significant multiple correlation existed between the predictor variables and CGPA.
Increased stability of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in DU-145 prostate cancer cells.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been localized to the glandular epithelium of the prostate and stimulates the in vitro growth of prostate epithelial cells. [35S]Methionine labeling of MIF protein was used to determine if prostate cells synthesize and secrete this cytokine. The results demonstrated that the DU-145 prostate cancer cells secrete about twice the amount of a more stable protein compared with normal prostate epithelial cells. To investigate if differences in MIF mRNA levels account for the differences in MIF protein secreted by these cells, mRNA stability was analyzed by [3H]uridine incorporation. Following a 12-h pulse, DU-145 cells were found to contain four times the amount of [3H]uridine-labeled MIF mRNA, and this message exhibited a longer half-life than the message found in normal cells (33 h and 19 h, respectively). Nuclear run-on experiments confirmed that the MIF gene is transcribed at a greater rate (1.8-fold) in the DU-145 prostate cancer cells. This study documents,...
Sampling schemes for weigh-in-motion traffic data collection

Weigh-in-motion (WIM) technology has been widely used in highway traffic monitoring to support design and reconstruction of pavement structures. WIM systems are capable of continuously collecting vehicle size and weight data. However, collecting, storing, and processing the large amount of data required is costly. The cost is a critical concern of many state highway agencies (SHAs) because of their budget limitations and resource constraints. To address this issue, adopting sampled data instead of complete or population data has been recommended in most SHAs. However, it has been recognized that a gap inevitably exists between data samples and population. Therefore, a balance between data needs in pavement design and cost in data supply should be obtained. The effect of different sampling schemes on data accuracy on the basis of traffic information collected by WIM systems in Texas was comprehensively investigated. Three criteria involving both mathematical implication and engineering context were develop...
Mnemonic representations of transient stimuli and temporal sequences in the rodent hippocampus in vitro.

Dentate mossy cells in hippocampal slice can temporarily store stimulus information from the perforant path with persistent up-state–like activity. Here, Hyde and Strowbridge show that hippocampal dentate hilar cells can store several distinct patterns of information simultaneously for several seconds and that the activity of the local network in the dentate gyrus can predict which input conveyed the stimulus information and what temporal sequence of stimuli was presented.
The NPHP1 gene deletion associated with juvenile nephronophthisis is present in a subset of individuals with Joubert syndrome.

Joubert syndrome (JS) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disease characterized by cerebellar vermis hypoplasia with prominent superior cerebellar peduncles (the “molar tooth sign” [MTS] on axial magnetic resonance imaging), mental retardation, hypotonia, irregular breathing pattern, and eye-movement abnormalities. Some individuals with JS have retinal dystrophy and/or progressive renal failure characterized by nephronophthisis (NPHP). Thus far, no mutations in the known NPHP genes, particularly the homozygous deletion of NPHP1 at 2q13, have been identified in subjects with JS. A cohort of 25 subjects with JS and either renal and/or retinal complications and 2 subjects with only juvenile NPHP were screened for mutations in the NPHP1 gene by standard methods. Two siblings affected with a mild form of JS were found to have a homozygous deletion of the NPHP1 gene identical, by mapping, to that in subjects with NPHP alone. A control subject with NPHP and with a homozygous NPHP1 deletion was also identified, retrospectively, as having a mild MTS and borderline intelligence. The NPHP1 deletion represents the first molecular defect associated with JS in a subset of mildly affected subjects. Cerebellar malformations consistent with the MTS may be relatively common in patients with juvenile NPHP without classic symptoms of JS.
Stochastic programmed grammars for syntactic pattern recognition

Abstract A stochastic version of the Programmed Grammar is proposed as a powerful and convenient formalism for syntactic pattern recognition. An algorithm for parsing strings generated by Stochastic Context-Free Programmed Grammars is described and an example is presented of one such grammar which generates “noisy” squares.
Scattering of Cl2 beams from Si(100) for kinetic energies up to 2.6 eV: implications for sticking coefficients and reaction product formation

Abstract Scattering of pulsed hyperthermal beams of Cl 2 by a Si(100) surface is studied at 300 K and 45° incidence. The beams are produced by laser vaporization of cryogenic Cl 2 films and contain ≤ 14% Cl. The beams have a broad range of translational kinetic energies up to 6 eV; with velocity selection, beams with a narrow kinetic energy distribution and energies up to 2.6 eV are also used. The scattered flux from Si is quantified by comparing to scattering by quartz, after the angular differences are taken into account. The angular distributions of the scattered species from Si(100) show a cos 3 θ isotropic scattering contribution, as well as a narrow Gaussian distribution about the specular angle, with little alteration of the kinetic energy in the scattering process. From quartz, the angular distribution is isotropic and the kinetic energy of the scattered species is considerably broadened to lower energy. The amount of Cl 2 flux scattered by the silicon surface decreases with increasing kinetic energy of the incident beam, but increases with increasing coverage of chlorine on the surface. From the scattered fluxes, the upper limit for the initial sticking coefficient, S 0 , ranges from 24 ± 7% for a beam with 〈 E 〉 = 0.5 eV to 83 ± 3% for a beam with 〈 E 〉 = 2.6 eV. Comparison of the scattering results with Auger measurements of the surface chlorination supports previous studies which show an onset for etching product formation when the mean translational kinetic energies are near or above 2 eV.
Understanding the Preferential Adsorption of CO2 over N2 in a Flexible Metal–Organic Framework

The unusual uptake behavior and preferential adsorption of CO2 over N2 are investigated in a flexible metal–organic framework system, Zn2(bdc)2(bpee), where bpdc = 4,4′-biphenyl dicarboxylate and bpee = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, using Raman and IR spectroscopy. The results indicate that the interaction of CO2 with the framework induces a twisting of one of its ligands, which is possible because of the type of connectivity of the carboxylate end group of the ligand to the metal center and the specific interaction of CO2 with the framework. The flexibility of the bpee pillars allows the structure to respond to the twisting, fostering the adsorption of more CO2. DFT calculations support the qualitative picture derived from the experimental analysis. The adsorption sites at higher loading have been identified using a modified van der Waals– Density Functional Theory method, showing that the more energetically favorable positions for the CO2 molecules are closer to the C═C bond of the bpee and the C–C bond o...
The distribution of random segment lengths

Choice of the correct distribution of sediment thicknesses is necessary in studying reflection of acoustic rays from randomly layered sediments and in many seismic applications. We consider a set of N segment lengths, {1i}, i=1, 2, 3,..., N, whose combined length is L. Three cases are of interest: 1) L and N are known constants, 2) the number of segments N is a known constant but L is a random variable with given expectation value , and 3) both N and L are random variables with given expectation values and , respectively. The distribution of segments lengths is calculated for each of the three cases under the assumption that any set {1i} is as probable as any other set fulfilling the same conditions. The expressions are simple and easy to implement.
Methods of Increasing Sensitivity of Non-Coincidental Sharp Line Sources for AAS: Magnetic Control of Hollow Cathodes

Abstract Preliminary investigations were carried out on the magnetic effects on the emission of hollow cathode lamps as applied to overlap sources. It was found that a measurable increase in sensitivity was obtained for Mn, Ni and Cu when using a iron hollow cathode under a magnetic flux of 3400 gauss.
Glucose induces MafA expression in pancreatic beta cell lines via the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway

MafA is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that regulates gene expression in both the neuroretina and pancreas. Within the pancreas, MafA is exclusively expressed in the beta cells and is involved in insulin gene transcription, insulin secretion, and beta cell survival. The expression of the mafA gene within beta cells is known to increase in response to high glucose levels by an unknown mechanism. In this study, we demonstrate that pyruvate, which is produced by glycolysis from glucose, is not sufficient to induce mafA gene expression compared with high glucose. This suggests that the signal for MafA induction is independent of ATP levels and that a metabolic event occurring upstream of pyruvate production leads to the induction of MafA. Furthermore, insulin secretion mediated by high glucose is not important for MafA expression. However, the addition of glucosamine to beta cell lines stimulates MafA expression in the absence of high glucose, and inhibition of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway in the presence of high glucose abolishes MafA induction. Moreover, we demonstrate that the expression of UDP-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase, the enzyme mediating O-linked glycosylation of cytosolic and nuclear proteins, is essential for glucose-dependent MafA expression. Consistent with this observation, inhibition of N-acetylglucosaminidase, the enzyme involved in the removal of the O-GlcNAc modification from proteins, with O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidene)amino-N-phenylcarbamate stimulates MafA expression under low glucose conditions. The presented data suggest that MafA expression mediated by high glucose requires flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and the O-linked glycosylation of an unknown protein(s) by UDP-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase.
Cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence analysis of InxGa1−xAs/GaAs quantum well structures

Cathodoluminescence (CL) and continuous wave photoluminescence (cw‐PL) were used to study carrier recombination in the InxGa1−xAs/GaAs system for x=0.1 and x=0.2. Ambipolar diffusion length values of LD=0.9±0.1 μm and of LD=0.5±0.1 μm are measured for x=0.1 and x=0.2, respectively, at 16 K. The CL analysis of dry‐etched structures reveals a surface recombination velocity of S=107 cm/s for both material systems. A similar cw‐PL study shows a dependence on laser excitation density, suggesting the saturation of sidewall traps when higher excitation densities are involved.
Feist and facts: if data is protected will it be more or less available?

If a law such as HR 3261, the suggested new USA law which would protect database owners from. anyone, who "makes available in commerce" a "quantitatively substantial" part of the information in a database, were passed, it would discourage Web sites that provide free white pages listings and similar services. The law probably would not be that significant overall, given that many databases are already protected by contracts or other mechanisms. Without a better demonstration of a need, however, it seems pointless to introduce new laws into an area that already suffers from complex litigation of other kinds.
Ignatius and the Archives

The well known passage about the "archives" and the "gospel" in Ignatius' Letter to the Philadelphians (8.2) is one of the most intriguing glimpses given us of debate in the church early in the second century.' Wide agreement about the meaning of the passage seems to have been reached, and the current view may be summarized more or less as follows: Ignatius recalls a conversation that picks up just after he had made a theological point during his visit to Philadelphia (he gives us no direct information on the subject of the discussion). His opponents had replied (according to most commentators) that if they did not find it in the "archives" (that is, the Old Testament), they did not believe it to be in the "gospel." Ignatius had retorted that Scripture in fact supported him: "It is written" (y7yparTat). But his opponents had answered that his certainty was not well grounded: "That is just the question." The passage concludes with a statement that may represent not so much what Ignatius said then as what he now regards as an appropriate way of ending such debates. The "archives" (he says) are Jesus Christ; or (as he rephrases it) the "inviolable archives" are Christ's cross, death, resurrection, and the faith that comes through him. If this is what the passage means, it represents a remarkable reliance on the "gospel" and the events of salvation as opposed to the formal authority of the (Old Testament) Scriptures. We need not rehearse the arguments that make this interpretation likely. In spite of the difficulties involved, most of the problems have
An efficient pseudomedian filter for tiling microrrays.

Background Tiling microarrays are becoming an essential technology in the functional genomics toolbox. They have been applied to the tasks of novel transcript identification, elucidation of transcription factor binding sites, detection of methylated DNA and several other applications in several model organisms. These experiments are being conducted at increasingly finer resolutions as the microarray technology enjoys increasingly greater feature densities. The increased densities naturally lead to increased data analysis requirements. Specifically, the most widely employed algorithm for tiling array analysis involves smoothing observed signals by computing pseudomedians within sliding windows, a O(n2logn) calculation in each window. This poor time complexity is an issue for tiling array analysis and could prove to be a real bottleneck as tiling microarray experiments become grander in scope and finer in resolution.
Eliciting Verbs From Children With Specific Language Impairment

The focus of assessment and intervention is often aimed at increasing the lexical skills of young children with language impairment. Frequently, the use of nouns is the center of the lexical assess...
Large-scale community detection on speaker content graphs

We consider the use of community detection algorithms to perform speaker clustering on content graphs built from large audio corpora. We survey the application of agglomerative hierarchical clustering, modularity optimization methods, and spectral clustering as well as two random walk algorithms: Markov clustering and Infomap. Our results on graphs built from the NIST 2005+2006 and 2008+2010 Speaker Recognition Evaluations (SREs) provide insight into both the structure of the speakers present in the data and the intricacies of the clustering methods. In particular, we introduce an additional parameter to Infomap that improves its clustering performance on all graphs. Lastly, we also develop an automatic technique to purify the neighbors of each node by pruning away unnecessary edges.
Fatigue of a Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be bulk amorphous metal: Stress/life and crack-growth behavior

In sharp contrast to oxide glasses, bulk metallic glasses can be surprisingly ductile. For example, recent experiments on a bulk Zr{sub 41.2}Ti{sub 13.8}Cu{sub 12.5}Ni{sub 10}Be{sub 22.5} (at%) alloy have demonstrated that amorphous metals can exhibit fracture toughnesses as high as {approximately} 55 MPa {radical}m, although mechanistically this result is not understood. Recent results also show fatigue-crack growth properties comparable to that of high-strength steels and aluminum alloys. However, corresponding stress/life (S/N) behavior on smooth-bar, nominally crack-free specimens, which are traditionally used to assess total life and crack initiation characteristics, have to date not been investigated in bulk amorphous metals. Accordingly, the current study is focused on the S/N behavior of a bulk amorphous Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be alloy, with the objective of examining the relationship between fatigue crack initiation and propagation in comparison to behavior in traditional crystalline alloys.
Studies on amino acid racemases. II. Purification and properties of the glutamate racemase from Lactobacillus fermenti.

Abstract A purification procedure has been developed for the glutamate racemase (EC 5.1.1.3) from Lactobacillus fermenti (ATCC 9338) which results in preparations purified 2000-fold with respect to a cell extract. The enzyme is stabilized by the presence of mercaptoethanol and other sulfhydryl containing compounds. The molecular weight of the enzyme has been estimated to be 23 000 by chromatography on Sephadex G-150. Kinetic studies indicate a K m for d -glutamic acid of 2.2 mM and that hydroxylamine, riboflavin, FMN, FAD, and certain structural analogues of FAD are inhibitors of the racemase catalyzed reaction. The enzyme appears to be extremely specific for glutamic acid since aspartic acid, alanine, α-aminobutyric acid, or α-methylglutamic acid are completely inactive either as substrates or inhibitors.
An Examination of the Peer Review Process.

The purpose of this study was to identify ways to improve the quality of the Training and Personnel for the Education of the Handicapped program (CFDA 84.029) review process by determining how much training would be beneficial to ensure that the reviewers have similar orientations to the process. To do this, the study examined the degree of consistency among groups of reviewers who received various amounts of orientation training.
Cytosine nucleoside inhibition of the ATPase of Escherichia coli termination factor rho: evidence for a base specific interaction between rho and RNA

Abstract The function of rho factor in transcription termination depends on interactions with nascent RNA molecules that contain unpaired cytidylate residues. We show that cytidine, as a free nucleoside, inhibits the binding of rho to lambda cro mRNA and is a competitive inhibitor of rho-ATPase activity with lambda cro mRNA as cofactor. The relative ability of various cytidine analogs and other nucleosides to inhibit the rho-RNA interaction was used to probe features responsible for the base specificity of rho action. The results suggest that rho has a specificity pocket in its polynucleotide-binding site that apparently can make H-bond interactions with the side of the cytosine ring that normally faces away from the sugar ring and that may involve a relatively close fit along the edge of the ribose ring at the C2' carbon. The nature of the complex of rho with cytidine nucleotides was analyzed further by determining whether incubation with BrCMP caused inactivation of rho ATPase. Although BrCMP could form Michaelis inhibition complexes, it did not activate rho. Rho thus lacks a diagnostic property of enzymes that make specific covalent addition complexes with pyrimidines.
Scintillating fiber optic neutron detector using an intensified high-speed CCD camera system

A scaled version of a scintillating fiber detector using a high-speed CCD camera has been constructed in a feasibility study at SAIC-San Diego for characterization of its response to fast neutrons and to high energy gamma-rays. The detector concept relies on the combination of long, thin plastic fibers and the kinematics of the neutron-proton reaction to provide an effective means to discriminate against background (non-target) neutrons entering at directions non-parallel to the fiber axis. In the present study, the detector was modified to accept a commercially available high-speed CCD camera capable of frame rates up to 850 Hz. We describe here measurements for determining the neutron detection efficiency, directionality, and gamma-ray sensitivity and discuss improvements which were made to enhance the fiber bundle performance.
Laser Doppler method for mode identification on micro-oscillators

The mechanical motion of a new class of micro-mechanical devices, known as micro electro-mechanical systems oscillators, is examined using the laser Doppler technique. Currently, experimental methods based on capacitance, induction, and Fabry-Perot interferometry are used to find resonance frequencies and to establish quality factors or Q's. The technique described in this paper is capable of distinguishing mode shapes, yielding calibrated displacements, and revealing the existence of flexural modes, in addition to finding resonance frequencies and establishing Q's as the other techniques do. Because full- field laser vibrometry measurements provide an understanding of the modal composition of the systems, it can be used to refine the design and construction of these devices.
Binocular interactions during establishment of McCollough effects.

Abstract In four experiments we have shown that a McCollough color aftereffect (CAE) built up through one eye may or may not be influenced by simultaneous stimulation of the other eye depending on the kinds of similarity and dissimilarity between the two views. Binocular rivalry-produced suppression is not effective per se. However, there is a specifically binocular component that contributes strength to the CAE, and true interocular transfer takes place when facilitated by homochromatic stimulation of the two eyes. The establishment of CAE strength can also be impeded under certain conditions of dichoptic viewing.
Simultaneous optical recording of membrane potential and intracellular calcium from brain slices.

Abstract Optical recording techniques provide a constantly evolving and increasingly powerful set of tools for investigations of cellular physiology. These techniques rely on the use of optical indicators, molecules that change their optical properties depending on the cellular parameter of interest. In this paper we discuss some of the general considerations involved in recording optical signals from multiple indicators. Specifically, we describe a technique for simultaneously recording transients of membrane potential and intracellular calcium concentration, two parameters that have a very complex interrelationship in neuronal functioning. This technique relies on the use of two fluorescent indicators (the voltage-sensitive dye RH-414 and the calcium-sensitive dye Calcium Orange) that have overlapping excitation spectra but separable emission spectra. This fact, in combination with the use of fast, spatially resolving photodetectors (10 × 10-element photodiode matrices), allows for truly simultaneous recording of these transients from brain slices with high spatial (∼200 × 200 μm with a 10× microscope objective) and temporal (∼500 μs) resolution. Furthermore, the quality of the signals obtained is sufficient to allow for recording of spontaneous synchronized activity such as epileptiform activity induced by the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine. The nature of the signals obtained by these indicators recorded from guinea pig hippocampal slices and some applications of this technique are discussed.
Radiographic features associated with differing impinging hip morphologies with special attention to coxa profunda.

Background Combined with clinical examination and MRI, radiographs have been mainstays in the management femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Because hip morphology often portends intraoperative damage, radiographic features should inform surgical management.
Instrument for stable high temperature Seebeck coefficient and resistivity measurements under controlled oxygen partial pressure

The transport properties of ceramic materials strongly depend on oxygen activity, which is tuned by changing the partial oxygen pressure (pO2) prior to and during measurement. Within, we describe an instrument for highly stable measurements of Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity at temperatures up to 1300 K with controlled oxygen partial pressure. An all platinum construction is used to avoid potential materials instabilities that can cause measurement drift. Two independent heaters are employed to establish a small temperature gradient for Seebeck measurements, while keeping the average temperature constant and avoiding errors associated with pO2-induced drifts in thermocouple readings. Oxygen equilibrium is monitored using both an O2 sensor and the transient behavior of the resistance as a proxy. A pO2 range of 10−25–100 atm can be established with appropriate gas mixtures. Seebeck measurements were calibrated against a high purity platinum wire, Pt/Pt–Rh thermocouple wire, and a Bi2Te3 Seebeck coefficient Standard Reference Material. To demonstrate the utility of this instrument for oxide materials we present measurements as a function of pO2 on a 1 % Nb-doped SrTiO3 single crystal, and show systematic changes in properties consistent with oxygen vacancy defect chemistry. An approximately 11 % increase in power factor over a pO2 range of 10−19–10−8 atm at 973 K for the donor-doped single crystals is observed.
A lattice QCD simulation with dynamical heavy quarks

Abstract We present the results of a lattice simulation of heavy-quark mesons using dynamical heavy quarks. Our method is based upon a nonrelativistic reformulation of the heavy-quark dynamics that is systematically developed starting from the Dirac theory; it is computationally far superior to traditional relativistic techniques.
The reconstruction of early nonverbal relatedness in the treatment of difficult patients a special form of empathy

An interpretive strategy, based on current infant research, is described that facilitates engagement with emotionally constricted patients who appear to form little attachment to their analysts. Relevant research is reviewed and clinical material is presented to illustrate the presence of highly restrictive early modes of self‐ and mutual regulation organized in childhood and minimally transformed through later experience. These nonverbal presymbolic forms of relating constitute adult versions of the early interaction structures that protected the infant from trauma and continue to be used by patients to avoid retraumatization. How these configurations appear in the transference and can be reorganized in the analytic relationship is also detailed.
Vitamin Supplementation Therapy in the Elderly

Vitamin supplementation in large dosages is increasingly common in the older population. Often, such supplementation is used in an attempt to improve an individual's health status. There have been claims that the effects of vitamins halt the normal aging process or prevent and cure disease. However, several recent studies have failed to demonstrate the efficacy of vitamin supplementation in preventing several types of cancer. In moderate dosages, supplementation with vitamin E (tocopherols) shows promise as a lipid antioxidant, and may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. However, before vitamin E becomes an accepted medical therapy, further long term studies must be undertaken to examine the safety and efficacy of such therapy. An adequate intake of vitamins should be ensured by adherence to a well balanced diet. However, the elderly are prone to circumstances that may prevent them from eating a balanced diet. In addition, there are several age-related medical conditions that may predispose individuals to dietary and vitamin deficiencies. To prevent vitamin deficiency diseases and their associated morbidity, modest vitamin supplementation may be necessary. However, supplementation should be reserved for individuals with documented deficiency or who are at risk of developing such deficiencies, especially those who are homebound or institutionalised. Vitamins taken in large dosages should be considered as drugs. These medicines, which are obtainable over-the-counter, should be carefully regulated to prevent toxicity.
The jun proto-oncogene is positively autoregulated by its product, Jun/AP-1

Binding of the human transcription factor Jun/AP-1 to a conserved 8 bp nucleotide sequence (TRE) is responsible for increased transcription of different cellular genes in response to tumor promoters, such as TPA, and serum factors. Enhanced Jun/AP-1 activity in TPA-stimulated cells is regulated by two different mechanisms: a posttranslational event acting on pre-existing Jun/AP-1 molecules, and transcriptional activation of jun gene expression leading to an increase in the total amount of Jun/AP-1. Induction of jun transcription in response to TPA is mediated by binding of Jun/AP-1 to a high-affinity AP-1 binding site in the jun promoter region. Site-specific mutagenesis of this binding site prevents TPA induction and trans-activation by Jun/AP-1. These results clearly demonstrate that jun transcription is directly stimulated by its own gene product. This positive regulatory loop is likely to be responsible for prolonging the transient signals generated by activation of protein kinase C.
A Best Kept Secret: Single-Subject Research Design in Counseling

Since the beginning of the counseling profession, there have been calls for counselors to support their effectiveness with clients in various counseling settings. Research methods that emphasize th...
Discrete Element Approach for Coupled Chemo-Mechanical Mechanisms in Geomaterials

Evolution of the mechanical and hydraulic properties of geomaterials may be strongly influenced by the interaction of chemical and mechanical processes in various environmental circumstances. This paper presents a numerical study of the evolution of mechanical and transport properties enhanced by mineral dissolution across scales. Numerical models are developed at the discrete element level to involve the chemo-mechanical couplings and lead to the evaluation of material behavior at the macro-scale. Discrete element modeling of a biaxial test was performed to simulate the strain development enhanced by chemo-mechanical coupling effects. The results show the important role of the kinetic rate characteristics of the dissolution process in the behavior of geomaterials. The presented analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of DEM as a useful tool to model coupled chemo-mechanical phenomena.
Students as Case Writers

How the author teaches interviewing skills for a class project with a single sample and a multipurpose experience.
PCTA: privacy-constrained clustering-based transaction data anonymization

Transaction data about individuals are increasingly collected to support a plethora of applications, spanning from marketing to biomedical studies. Publishing these data is required by many organizations, but may result in privacy breaches, if an attacker exploits potentially identifying information to link individuals to their records in the published data. Algorithms that prevent this threat by transforming transaction data prior to their release have been proposed recently, but incur significant information loss due to their inability to accommodate a range of different privacy requirements that data owners often have. To address this issue, we propose a novel clustering-based framework to anonymizing transaction data. Our framework provides the basis for designing algorithms that explore a larger solution space than existing methods, which allows publishing data with less information loss, and can satisfy a wide range of privacy requirements. Based on this framework, we develop PCTA, a generalization-based algorithm to construct anonymizations that incur a small amount of information loss under many different privacy requirements. Experiments with benchmark datasets verify that PCTA significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of data utility, while being comparable in terms of efficiency.
Rate of convergence for the Euclidean minimum spanning tree limit law

Let N"n be the number of points of a Poisson point process of intensity n times the Lebesgue measure over [0,1]^2, and let L"M"S"T(N"n) be the length of the optimal spanning tree connecting these N"n points. It is well-known that there is a constant 0 " "~ EL"M"S"T(N"n)/@/n = @b"M"S"T. In this paper we give the exa rate of convergence for this limiting behavior.
Defect Structure of α‐Al2O3 Doph with Magnesium

The conductivity of single crystals of Al2O3+ Mg and the ionic and electronic transference numbers were measured at high temperatures as a function of orientation, oxygen pressure, and temperature. Optical absorption in the visible range was measured on cooled annealed crystals. The results are interpreted on the basis of a model with either Ali3- or VO as the dominant native defects and lead to expressions for the ionic mobility as a function of T and orientation, and for the position of the MgAl’level in the forbidden gap.
Effects of Inlet Distortion on Aeromechanical Stability of a Forward-Swept High-Speed Fan

Concerns regarding noise, propulsive efficiency, and fuel burn are inspiring aircraft designs wherein the propulsive turbomachines are partially (or fully) embedded within the airframe; such designs present serious concerns with regard to aerodynamic and aeromechanic performance of the compression system in response to inlet distortion. Separately, a forward-swept high-speed fan was developed to address noise concerns of modern podded turbofans; however this fan encounters aeroelastic instability (flutter) as it approaches stall. A three-dimensional, unsteady, Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics code is applied to analyze and corroborate fan performance with clean inlet flow. This code, already validated in its application to assess aerodynamic damping of vibrating blades at various flow conditions, is modified and then applied in a computational study to preliminarily assess the effects of inlet distortion on aeroelastic stability of the fan. Computational engineering application and implementation issues are discussed, followed by an investigation into the aeroelastic behavior of the fan with clean and distorted inlets.