cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Comparison of Zero-Gravity Chair With Tilt Table in Relation to Heart Rate Variability Measurements

Heart rate variability (HRV) measurements are performed using a tilt-table (TT) to diagnose dysfunctionality in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the cardiovascular system. To maintain homeostasis, the ANS adapts to body position changes through alterations in sympathetic and parasympathetic responses that can be quantified by extracting time-domain and frequency-domain parameters from the heart rate signal. When body position is changed from supine to erect, a healthy subject’s response also shows changes in ANS activity. However, TT can be unsafe or uncomfortable for elderly or overweight subjects. Furthermore, it may induce anxiety which alters the HRV measurements. This study proposes an alternative strategy to replace the TT with a zero-gravity chair (ZGC). The statistical analysis between HRV parameters from the TT and the ZGC shows that ZGC can be a feasible alternative to TT. Therefore, ZGC can be used as a more convenient, secure, stable and safer option to the traditional HRV analysis with TT.
The ontogeny of maximum bite force in humans

Ontogenetic changes in the human masticatory complex suggest that bite force, a key measure of chewing performance, increases throughout growth and development. Current published bite force values for humans exist for molar and incisal biting, but few studies measure bite forces across all tooth types, or measure bite force potentials in subjects of different ages. In the absence of live data, models of bite force such as the Constrained Lever Model (CLM), are employed to predict bite force at different bite points for adults, but it is unclear whether such a model can accurately predict bite force potentials for juveniles or subadults. This study compares theoretically derived bite forces and live bite force data, and places these within an ontogenetic context in humans. Specifically, we test whether (1) patterns of maximum bite force increase along the tooth row throughout ontogeny, (2) bite force patterns estimated using the CLM match patterns observed from live bite force data, and (3) changes in bite forces along the tooth row and throughout ontogeny are associated with concomitant changes in adductor muscle leverage. Our findings show that maximum bite forces increase throughout ontogeny and change along the tooth row, with the highest forces occurring at the posterior dentition. These findings adhere to the expectations under the CLM and validate the model's utility in predicting bite force values throughout development. Furthermore, adductor muscle leverage values reflect this pattern, with the greatest leverage values occurring at the posterior dentition throughout ontogeny. The CLM informs our study of mammalian chewing mechanics by providing a model of how morphological changes of the masticatory apparatus during ontogeny affect bite force distribution along the tooth row. Furthermore, the decreased bite force magnitudes observed in juveniles and subadults compared with adults suggest that differences in juvenile and subadult diets may partially be due to differences in bite force production potentials.
Making ‘Stakeholder Capitalism’ Work: Contributions from Business & Human Rights

For the first time in four decades, leading business associations, corporations, and the corporate law and governance community are seriously debating the social purpose of the corporation. The idea of stakeholder governance – moving beyond shareholder primacy toward some form of ‘stakeholder capitalism’ – is in play. But the how question unveils significant differences of opinion as well as difficulties. Some advocates place their bet on enlightened voluntary cooperation between corporations, large institutional investors, and other stakeholders. Yet considering the financial incentives, the current system affords corporate directors and executives, especially in the Anglo-American system, driven by equity-based compensation, voluntarism by itself is unlikely to move the needle far enough. Others provide long and detailed lists of a dozen or more bodies of law and regulations that should be reformed to ensure that accountability to wider stakeholders is established. But that inevitably poses multiple political impediments and therefore takes time. For their part, critics of ‘stakeholderism’ posit what amounts to an impossibility theorem, contending that corporate leaders simply are unable to identify ex ante who the relevant stakeholders are, or to devise a formula regarding how to weigh and balance their conflicting interests – let alone how their concerns would be represented at board levels. In contrast, we focus on a pathway that reflects the ambition of stakeholder capitalism, but which current reform proposals have largely overlooked. We draw on practical experience in the field of business and human rights, where leading companies are increasingly embedding human rights due diligence processes into their strategic decision-making. As human rights due diligence is made mandatory for companies, which it is in a growing number of jurisdictions – with debate centered in but not limited to Europe – risks to stakeholders become a significant corporate governance issue. It makes it necessary that their concerns are addressed and requires demonstration that indeed they are. Such changes by themselves may not constitute a full-blown system of multi-fiduciary obligations, but they mark substantial strides on the path toward it, and they are doing it in the relatively near-term.
Novel Pharmacotherapies in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson’s disease (PD), an age-related progressive neurodegenerative condition, is associated with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which results in motor deficits characterized by the following: akinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability, as well as nonmotor symptoms such as emotional changes, particularly depression, cognitive impairment, gastrointestinal, and autonomic dysfunction. The most common treatment for PD is focused on dopamine (DA) replacement (e.g., levodopa = L-Dopa), which unfortunately losses its efficacy over months or years and can induce severe dyskinesia. Hence, more efficacious interventions without such adverse effects are urgently needed. In this review, following a general description of PD, potential novel therapeutic interventions for this devastating disease are examined. Specifically, the focus is on nicotine and nicotinic cholinergic system, as well as butyrate, a short chain fatty acid (SCFA), and fatty acid receptors.
Antibody-mediated rejection of the liver allograft: An update and a clinico-pathological perspective.

Summary Antibody-mediated rejection after liver transplantation is an under-recognised cause of allograft injury. While definitions of acute and chronic antibody-mediated rejection have increased clinical awareness, timely identification and management of antibody-mediated rejection remain difficult because of complexities in diagnosis and histopathology, lack of treatment protocols, and unclear long-term outcomes. While recent cohort studies assessing the importance of donor-specific antibodies have aided in its diagnosis, literature on the treatment of antibody-mediated rejection in liver transplantation remain limited to case reports and small series. Further increasing the awareness and timely recognition of antibody-mediated rejection post-liver transplantation is crucial in order to stimulate future research and the development of protocols for its diagnosis and treatment. This review will summarise recent advances in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of antibody-mediated rejection in liver transplantation, as well as some of the histopathologic features (on liver biopsy tissue) of acute and chronic antibody-mediated rejection.
Individual Auditor Characteristics and Audit Quality: Evidence From Nonprofits in the U.S.

Using a sample of U.S. nonprofit organizations, where the identity of the auditor in charge of the audit is revealed, I investigate whether individual auditor characteristics (gender, engagement load, and tenure) are associated with audit quality. The empirical results show that female auditors are more likely to report internal control deficiencies (ICDs) and issue qualified audit opinions (QAOs) to nonprofits. I also find that auditors with more Single Audit engagements within the same year are less likely to report ICDs. In addition, auditor tenure is negatively associated with the likelihood of issuing an ICD report, suggesting that auditors become complacent as the length of the auditor-client relationship lengthens or, alternatively, that they are better able to assist their clients in correcting ICDs and in maintaining stronger internal control environments as they gain client-specific knowledge over time. In additional analyses, I use subsamples partitioned by client risk and audit firm size, and find that individual auditor characteristics generally play a more significant role in the issuance of ICDs and QAOs for riskier clients than for less risky clients. Additional analysis suggests tenure and engagement load results are sensitive to the sample specification employed.
Bayesian Inference: An Introduction to Principles and Practice in Machine Learning

This article gives a basic introduction to the principles of Bayesian inference in a machine learning context, with an emphasis on the importance of marginalisation for dealing with uncertainty. We begin by illustrating concepts via a simple regression task before relating ideas to practical, contemporary, techniques with a description of ‘sparse Bayesian’ models and the ‘relevance vector machine’.
Transport Alterations in a Phosphatidylethanolamine-Deficient Mutant of Bacillus subtilis

A mutant of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051, demonstrated to be deficient in phosphatidylethanolamine, was found to differ from the parent strain in the rate of uptake of a variety of metabolites.
Responses of fish and macrobenthic assemblages to hydrologic disturbances in Tijuana estuary and Los Peñasquitos Lagoon, California

Changes in the assemblages of fishes and benthic macro-invertebrates were evaluated in relation to wastewater inflows at Tijuana Estuary and impounded streamflows and mouth closure at Los Penasquitos Lagoon. Freshwater from sewage spills or winter rains lowered water salinities and had major impacts on the channel organisms of both southern California coastal wetlands. Benthic infaunal assemblages responded more rapidly to reduced salinity than did fishes, with continued salinity reduction leading to the extirpation of most species. Both the fish and benthic invertebrate assemblages became dominated by species with early ages of maturity and protracted spawning seasons. Between-system comparisons showed that good tidal flushing reduced negative impacts on both the fish and benthic assemblages.
Pseudoverification. Hydrolysis of aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid catalyzed by an aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase in mixed solvents.

Abstract The binding of noncognate tRNAs to isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase is enhanced in mixed solvents. If the noncognate tRNA is acylated, isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase may hydrolyze the aminoacyl-tRNA bond. This reaction has several uses in the study of synthetase specificity.
Physical storage management for interactive multimedia information systems

The authors propose a two-level physical storage model to deal with the data placement problem for interactive multimedia information systems on disks with high seek time such as optical disks. The physical data placement is divided into two stages, global data placement and detailed data placement. A Markov chain is used to model the access patterns for global data placement. An efficient algorithm is proposed for solving the global placement problem to minimize the disk seek time. They report on a simulation study in which the effectiveness of the proposed global data placement algorithm was evaluated. The result shows that the depth-first traversal of the maximum-cost spanning tree algorithm can generate a layout close to the optimal placement, especially for browsing graphs with low connectivity. >
A SECOND CHANCE FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES: A MODEL STATUTE TO REINSTATE PARENTAL RIGHTS AFTER TERMINATION

There are more than half a million children in foster care in the United States. Some of these children are adopted into loving families, but many are considered hard to adopt and never find a permanent family. Research suggests that the outlook for the teens who exit or age out of foster care without a permanent home or a meaningful adult relationship is bleak. They are more likely to face homelessness, joblessness, drug addiction, early pregnancy, mental health problems, and prison time. With such grim statistics, states should explore every possible permanent family resource for youth in foster care. This Note proposes that, in limited circumstances, it is in the best interest of the child to vacate a final order of termination and reinstate parental rights. It calls for states to adopt a model state statute based on the five state statutes currently in place that already allow for the reinstatement of parental rights.
Focus on diagnosis: the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the C-reactive protein test.

1. Sarosh P. Batlivala, MD* 1. *Chief Resident in Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are two commonly used and widely available diagnostic tools employed by physicians to aid in diagnosing and managing various pathologic states. They both are nonspecific measurements of inflammatory processes. As the name suggests, the ESR measures the distance that red blood cells (RBCs) settle over time. Through various methods, mixed and anticoagulated whole blood is placed in a vertical sedimentation tube for 1 hour, and the ESR is measured (mm/hr) as the distance from the top of the blood column to the top of the RBC layer below. Numerous factors affect the ESR. In the blood of healthy patients, gravity causes RBCs to settle. However, as they fall, the upward displacement of plasma balances the downward force, resulting in little settling. When RBCs aggregate, forming rouleaux, the downward forces exceed upward forces, and the ESR increases. Plasma proteins have the greatest effect on RBC aggregation, which is directly proportional to the protein's molecular weight and degree of asymmetry. Needle-shaped fibrinogen, a large and asymmetric molecule, has the greatest effect of all plasma proteins on ESR. When fibrinogen increases, as in various inflammatory states, the ESR increases concomitantly. For this reason, many clinicians view the ESR as an indirect measure of fibrinogen. Because it is affected by plasma proteins, the ESR tends to rise slowly after the onset of inflammation and can stay elevated for days to weeks after resolution of the inflammation. Importantly, noninflammatory conditions also affect the ESR. RBCs that have abnormal morphology, as in sickle cell disease, have less of a tendency to form rouleaux, thereby producing lower ESRs. Anemia tends to increase rouleaux formation, and polycythemia decreases it. Understandably, hyperviscosity states slow the ESR, and hypoviscosity states speed the ESR. CRP is an acute-phase reactant synthesized in the …
The Nonlinear Optical Response of Transparent Metal-Dielectric Multilayer Structures

We report on the nonlinear optical properties of metal-dielectric multilayer structures with peak transmittance of 75%, spectral bandwidths up to 360 nm, and up to 20× larger nonlinear optical response than their component materials.
Play Therapy in a Natural Setting: A Case Example

Play therapy is commonly used when working with children in counseling. Play therapists work at a developmentally appropriate level to assist children with a variety of mental health and behavioral concerns. Traditionally, play therapy and many counseling methods occur in office settings. We propose that play therapists and other mental health professionals working with children integrate nature and natural settings into their work. The use of nature has been shown to be effective in helping people cope with mental health and physical ailments. In this article, we explore the benefits of the use of nature in mental health and provide a case example of the use of nature and natural settings in counseling.
Adoptive transfer of Ag-specific T cells to prevent CMV disease after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation

Background Cytomegalovirus is a major cause of infectious morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Farmacotherapy to prevent or treat CMV reaction and infection is only partially effective, and has considerable toxicity. Adoptive transfer of ex vivo generated CMV specific T cells is a new approach to the management of CMV post-allo-SCT. Methods A comprehensive review of the published literature describing 1) the recovery of CMV immunity post-allo-SCT and 2) new strategies for the production of CMV specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Results CMV specific T cells can be generated using a variety of systems comprising different antigen presenting cells and antigens. Discussion The ability to raise CMV specific T cells on a clinical scale will have a major impact on the management of CMV post-allo-SCT, but will have to be compared to current pharmacological approaches. Further, the raising of CMV specific T cells may serve as a model, to generate other antigen specific T cells including other anti-viral and anti-tumor T cells.
Explanations of Human Action

In order to explain the behavior of a human organism, it is necessary to take its environment into consideration. Except for very severe psychotic withdrawal, this has been recognized as a near triviality since Aristotle. But although consideration of the environment may be necessary, it is not sufficient, and it is now generally conceded that a man's behavior cannot be explained solely from a consideration of his present environment and a history of his responses to past environments.
Changes in Behavior With Increasing Experience With a Novel Prey in Fry of the Central American Cichlid, Cichlasoma Managuense (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

With increasing experience with the novel prey, Daphnia, the fish became less hesitant to attack Daphnia. The fish took fewer nonprey items per prey item with increased experience. They also became more efficient in handling the novel prey. There was no indication of the formation of a search image. The multiple regression model revealed that, although the fish grew during the experimental period, their increased size did not contribute significantly to the increase in capture success. Contrary to previous studies size did not influence capture success within the size range used in these experiments. The individual variation in capture success was large in all groups of Cichlasoma managuense. The most successful predators were the fish who persistantly attempted to catch prey and had the highest number of previous experiences with the novel prey. The morphological variable weight was negatively correlated with capture success, which may suggest that a hungrier fish is more motivated to prey and a more successful predator. An increase in eye diameter brought about an increase in capture success, due probably to an increased visual acuity, hence it may suggest a possible ecological effect of this morphological variable.
Phosphopeptide Derivatization Signatures To Identify Serine and Threonine Phosphorylated Peptides by Mass Spectrometry

The development of rapid, global methods for monitoring states of protein phosphorylation would provide greater insight for understanding many fundamental biological processes. Current best practices use mass spectrometry (MS) to profile digests of purified proteins for evidence of phosphorylation. However, this approach is beset by inherent difficulties in both identifying phosphopeptides from within a complex mixture containing many other unmodified peptides and ionizing phosphopeptides in positive-ion MS. We have modified an approach that uses barium hydroxide to rapidly eliminate the phosphoryl group of serine and threonine modified amino acids, creating dehydroamino acids that are susceptible to nucleophilic derivatization. By derivatizing a protein digest with a mixture of two different alkanethiols, phosphopeptide-specific derivatives were readily distinguished by MS due to their characteristic ion-pair signature. The resulting tagged ion pairs accommodate simple and rapid screening for phosphopept...
Iron balance in the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus

1. Total body iron in the common vampire bat was 80 +/- 67 mg Fe/kg body wt (mean +/- SD). 2. Mean (+/- SD) iron absorption as measured by the double isotope method was 0.068 +/- 0.0032% Fe. A typical adult bat ingests 6.1 mg Fe/day (Morton & Wimsatt, 1980) of which approximately 4.2 microgram Fe is absorbed. 3. Body iron turnover (BIT) was estimated from the decrease in specific radioactivity of the blood over more than a year. The mean (+/- SD) of the half-life of iron turnover was 379 +/- 101 days and that of the estimate of BIT. 0.14 +/- 0.04% TBI/day. This is equivalent to a loss of approximately 4.6 microgram Fe/day. 4. The common vampire bat maintains iron balance by severely limiting the percentage of iron absorbed from its very high iron diet.
Diurnal Variation of Downslope Winds in Owens Valley during the Sierra Rotor Experiment

Abstract The impact of diurnal forcing on a downslope wind event that occurred in Owens Valley in California during the Sierra Rotors Project (SRP) in the spring of 2004 has been examined based on observational analysis and diagnosis of numerical simulations. The observations indicate that while the upstream flow was characterized by persistent westerlies at and above the mountaintop level the cross-valley winds in Owens Valley exhibited strong diurnal variation. The numerical simulations using the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) capture many of the observed salient features and indicate that the in-valley flow evolved among three states during a diurnal cycle. Before sunrise, moderate downslope winds were confined to the western slope of Owens Valley (shallow penetration state). Surface heating after sunrise weakened the downslope winds and mountain waves and eventually led to the decoupling of the well-mixed valley air from the westerlies aloft around local noon (decoupled ...
3'-nitrophenylpropyloxycarbonyl (NPPOC) protecting groups for high-fidelity automated 5' --> 3' photochemical DNA synthesis.

The most powerful DNA microarrays would be prepared by photolithography with free 3‘-ends that could be processed enzymatically. A photoremovable group that could be removed in quantitative yield would ensure high purity of the synthesized probes. We have developed new pyrimidine building blocks for 5‘ → 3‘ DNA synthesis with high cycle yields using the NPPOC (3‘-nitrophenylpropyloxycarbonyl) protecting group. These phosphoramidites were proved in automated photochemical DNA synthesis on a modified synthesizer.
Heat transfer issues in foam extrusion

Switching to N2 or CO2 for foaming thermoplastics increases cooling requirements for a foam extrusion line. Factors affecting cooling heat transfer and proposed correlations are described. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 22: 69–74, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10035
The use of molindone in the treatment of psychotic and delirious patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: Case reports

Four patients with HIV infection and psychosis from various etiologies, refractory to standard treatments, and suffering from severe extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), had a marked beneficial response to molindone. There was significant control of neuropsychiatric dysfunction without major adverse side effects. The results suggest that further evaluation is warranted of the use of molindone in treating severely ill, psychotic, or delirious HIV-infected patients.
Critical behavior of coupled XY models

Renormalization-group analysis is employed to investigate the critical behavior of coupled XY models. Recursion relations for small vortex fugacities and Migdal recursion relations in the strong-coupling limit are used to obtain the phase diagram. Several distinct phases are possible, separated by an XY-like and a p-state clocklike transition (p=2,3). The results are relevant for a number of systems that can be mapped onto coupled XY models.
HOW JAPAN FIRST BEGAN TO EXPORT MACHINE‐MADE MANUFACTURES TO EAST ASIA*

Drawing on late Meiji period data, the efforts of Japan’s cotton spinning mills to overcome overseas competition and establish themselves in the Chinese, Korean and Hong Kong markets are examined. Estimating a probit model of the decision to export, it is found that despite readily available export finance and commercial networks that should have greatly lowered the costs of participating in East Asian markets, sunk entry costs still appear to have been quite large. Many otherwise capable mills apparently saw little prospect of entering tariff-less East Asian markets, notwithstanding the possibility of generous subsidies and trade association devised predatory strategies.
Is timing noise important in the gravitational wave detection of neutron stars

In this paper we ask whether the phenomenon of timing noise long known in electromagnetic pulsar astronomy is likely to be important in gravitational wave (GW) observations of spinning-down neutron stars. We find that timing noise is strong enough to be of importance only in the young pulsars, which must have larger triaxialities than theory predicts for their GW emission to be detectable. However, assuming that their GW emission is detectable, we list the pulsars for which timing noise is important, either because it is strong enough that its neglect by the observer would render the source undetectable or else because it is a measurable feature of the GW signal. We also find that timing noise places a limit on the observation duration of a coherent blind GW search, and suggest that hierarchical search techniques might be able to cope with this problem. Demonstration of the presence or absence of timing noise in the GW channel would give a new probe of neutron star physics.
Priming Presidential Approval: The Conditionality of Issue Effects

Variations in the effectiveness of media priming are traditionally attrib- uted to individual differences in political sophistication and news exposure. We contribute to this literature by considering the degree to which the content of an issue prime drives its use in presidential approval. Using a macro level approach, we combine public opinion data on presidential approval from 1981 to 2000 with con- tent analyses of presidential news coverage to see how media attention affects the way issues are weighted in presidential approval. We find that the effectiveness of issue primes depends on issue content, such that familiar and understandable issues are more likely to be primed than more complex and difficult issues.
Synthesis of 1,6-anhydro derivatives of 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-talopyranose and 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-D-talopyranose

Abstract The oxime ( 2 ) of 1,6-anhydro-3,4- O -isopropylidene-β- D - lyxo -hexopyranos-2-ulose ( 1 ) in aqueous hydrochloric acid is reduced stereospecifically by hydrogen and a platinum catalyst, with concomitant hydrolysis of the O -isopropylidene group, to give 2-amino-1,6-anhydro-2-deoxy-β- D -talopyranose hydrochloride ( 3 ) in high yield. Hydrolysis of the anhydro sugar 3 under more vigorous conditions gave crystalline 2-amino-2-deoxy-α- D -talopyranose hydrochloride ( 4 ). In aqueous solution, the amino sugar 4 exists as a 1:2 mixture of the α and β- D -pyranose anomers. Reduction of 1,6-anhydro-2,3- O -isopropylidene-β- D - lyxo -hexopyranos-4-ulose oxime ( 5 ) in aqueous hydrochloric acid, with hydrogen over platinum, also occurred stereospecifically, to give a crystalline product formulated as 4-amino-1,6-anhydro-4-deoxy-β- D -talopyranose hydrochloride ( 6 ), which was further characterized as the peracetylated derivative 7 . Attempted hydrolysis of 6 to give 4-amino-4-deoxy- D -talose hydrochloride ( 8 ) gave only unchanged 6 and tarry products, presumably because the free 4-amino sugar derivative 8 undergoes rapid destruction in the acid solution by way of a pyrrole derivative.
Predicting Kinase-specific Phosphorylation Sites Using a Multitask Classification Framework

Identification of phosphorylation sites by computational methods is becoming increasingly important as it may reduce labor-intensive and costly experiments and improve our understanding in the common properties and underlying mechanisms of protein phosphorylation. A multitask learning framework for learning phosphorylation sites from four kinase families simultaneously, instead of studying each one of them separately, is presented in the study. Our strategy successfully selects 18 common features shared by four kinase families of phosphorylation sites. The reliability of selected features is demonstrated by the consistent performance in two multi-task learning methods. Those features can be used to build efficient multitask classifiers with good performance, suggesting they are important to protein phosphorylation.
Targeting of a common receptor shared by CXCL8 and N-Ac-PGP as a therapeutic strategy to alleviate chronic neutrophilic lung diseases.

Abstract Persistent neutrophilia is implicated in the pathology of several chronic lung diseases and consequently targeting the signals that drive the recruitment of these cells offers a plausible therapeutic strategy. The tripeptide Pro–Gly–Pro (PGP) is a neutrophil chemoattractant derived from extracellular matrix collagen and implicated in diseases such as COPD and cystic fibrosis. It was anticipated that PGP exerts its chemoatactic activity by mimicking key sequences found within classical neutrophil chemokines, such as CXCL8, and binding their receptors, CXCR1/2. Recently, however, the role of CXCR1/2 as the receptors for PGP has been questioned. Three studies published in the European Journal of Pharmacology (Vol.668/Issue 3) address this controversy and demonstrate CXCR1/2 to be a common receptor for CXCL8 and PGP. Accordingly, these studies demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting this shared receptor to simultaneously alleviate neutrophilic inflammation driven by multiple neutrophil chemoattractants.
Zeolite-Supported Rhodium Complexes and Clusters: Switching Catalytic Selectivity by Controlling Structures of Essentially Molecular Species

Precise synthesis and characterization of site-isolated rhodium complexes and extremely small rhodium clusters supported on zeolite HY allow control of the catalyst selectivity in the conversion of ethene to n-butene or ethane, respectively, as a result of tuning the structure of the active sites at a molecular level.
Gallium Arsenide Monolithic Optoelectronic Circuits

AbstractThe optical properties of GaAs make it a very useful material for the fabrication ofoptical emitters and detectors. GaAs also possesses electronic properties which allow thefabrication of high speed electronic devices which are superior to conventional silicondevices. Monolithic optoelectronic circuits are formed by the integration of optical andelectronic devices on a single GaAs substrate.Integration of many devices is most easily accomplished on a semi -insulating (SI) sub- strate. Several laser structures have been fabricated on SI GaAs substrates. Some of theselasers have been integrated with Gunn diodes and with metal semiconductor field effect tran-sistors ( MESFETs). An integrated optical repeater has been demonstrated in which MESFETsare used for optical detection and electronic amplification, and a laser is used to regener-ate the optical signal.Monolithic optoelectronic circuits have also been constructed on conducting substrates.A heterojunction bipolar transistor driver has been integrated with a laser on an n -typeGaAs substrate.IntroductionThis paper reviews our recent progress in the development of GaAs -based monolithic opto-electronic circuits. The first section describes laser structures which have been fabri-cated on SI GaAs substrates. The non -conducting substrate allows for simple electricalisolation of the laser from other electronic devices on the chip. The second section des-cribes several optoelectronic circuits which have been fabricated on SI substrates.
mRNA coding for oxytocin is present in axons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract.

Abstract Neuronal mRNA is thought to be restricted to perikaryal and dendritic compartments containing rough endoplasmic reticulum. We have used both in situ hybridization and DNA polymerase chain reaction methods to determine the precise intracellular distribution of oxytocin mRNA. Using light- and electron-microscopic detection of in situ hybridization with 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled oligonucleotide probes, we found oxytocin mRNA in axons and Herring bodies in the lateral and ventral hypothalamus, the median eminence, and the posterior lobe of the pituitary in postpartum lactating rats. Southern blot analysis of the amplification products confirmed the presence of oxytocin mRNA in all three tissue samples. The present findings indicate that oxytocin mRNA can be transported axonally. Such transport could reflect an adventitious compartmentalization or a functional storage in Herring bodies for subsequent secretion.
A single-lot, unified cost-based flow shop lot-streaming problem

Abstract Lot streaming is the process of splitting a production lot into sublots, and then, scheduling the sublots in an overlapping fashion on the machines. In this paper, we present a polynomial-time procedure for determining the number of sublots of a single-lot, multiple-machine flow shop lot-streaming problem in order to minimize a unified cost-based objective function that comprises criteria pertaining to makespan, mean flow time, work-in-process, sublot-attached setup and transfer times. An experimental investigation on the performance of this solution procedure shows its efficacy in generating near-optimal solutions. Results on the relative impact of the weights (marginal costs), used in the unified cost function (corresponding to different measures) on the number of sublots obtained, are also presented.
Automated tree crown detection and size estimation using multi-scale analysis of high-resolution satellite imagery

We tested an automated multi-scale approach for detecting individual trees and estimating tree crown geometry using high spatial resolution satellite imagery. Individual tree crowns are identified as local extrema points in the Laplacian-of-Gaussian scale-space pyramid that is constructed based on linear scale-space theory. The approach simultaneously detects tree crown centres and estimates tree crown sizes (radiuses). We evaluated our method using two 0.6-m resolution QuickBird images of a forest site that underwent a large shift in tree density between image captures due to drought-associated mortality. The automated multi-scale approach produced tree count estimates with an accuracy of 54% and 73% corresponding to the dense and sparse forests, respectively. Estimated crown diameters were linearly correlated with field-measured crown diameters (r = 0.73–0.86). Tree count accuracies and size estimates were comparable with alternative methods. Future use of the presented approach is merited based on the ...
Tumour thermotolerance, a physiological phenomenon involving vessel normalisation

The purpose of this study was to delineate the mechanisms by which stromal components of cancer may induce tumour thermotolerance and exploit alterations in stromal and tumour physiology to enhance radiation therapy. The vascular thermoresponse was monitored by daily one-hour 41.5°C heatings in two murine solid tumour models, SCK murine mammary carcinoma and B16F10 melanoma. A transient increase was seen in overall tumour oxygenation for 2–3 days, followed by a progressive decline in tumour pO2 upon continued daily heatings. Vascular thermotolerance was further studied by treating tumours with different heating strategies, i.e. (1) a single 60 min 41.5°C treatment; (2) two consecutive daily treatments of 41.5°C for 60 min; (3) a single 60 min 43°C treatment or (4) two days of 41.5°C for 60 min followed by treatment with 43°C for 60 min on the third day. Pre-heating tumours with mild temperature hyperthermia induced vascular thermotolerance, which was accompanied by evidence of vessel normalisation, i.e. a decrease in microvessel density and an increase in pericyte coverage. Rational scheduling of fractionated radiation during heat-induced increases in tumour oxygen levels rendered a significantly greater, synergistic, tumour growth inhibition. In vitro clonogenic survival responses of the individual cell types associated (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, pericytes and tumour cells) indicated only a direct cellular thermotolerance in endothelial cells. Overall, this suggests that tumour thermotolerance is a physiological phenomenon mediated through improvement of functional vasculature.
A comparison of the effect of thiouracil and of injected thyrotropic hormone on the collection of radioactive iodine and the anatomic changes induced in the thyroid of the chick.

MACKENZIE AND MACKENZIE (1943) and Astwood and his associates (1943) found that certain drugs of the aniline and thiourea series produce marked hyperplasia of the thyroid of the rat associated with evidences of diminished thyroid function. The goitrogenic action of these drugs was found to depend on the integrity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and the evidence indicated that it was a result of increased secretion of thyrotropic hormone. In contrast to other active goitrogens, these substances produced thyroid hyperplasia even in the presence of large quantities of iodine. Astwood and others concluded that they acted by blocking the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Using radioactive iodine, Franklin and Chaikoff (1943) and Schachner and his associates (1943) found that sulfanilamide in “invitro” studies inhibited the formation of thyroxine and diiodotyrosine by thyroid slices but failed to limit the capacity of such slices to collect radioactive iodine.
Great cardiac vein variations.

A novel variation in the relationship of the great cardiac vein to the circumflex artery was observed in an otherwise normal cadaver heart. Vessels originated and terminated normally, but in their midcourse they were twisted around each other such that each made one complete loop around the other. This variation did not seem to be involved in any pathologies. Variations in the course of the great cardiac vein have been little studied until recently, but their simplicity emphasizes the uniqueness of our intertwined case. Commonly, the great cardiac vein varies with respect to presence, location, and the superficial or deep relationship of single crossings of the anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries. Although rare, the intertwined variation described in the present case may have important basic science implications for understanding mechanisms of vasculo-angiogenesis, and clinical implications for catheter-based procedures and surgeries in the region of the coronary sulcus. Also, a review of great cardiac vein variations is presented herein. Clin. Anat. 17:436–443, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Spin modules in characteristic 2

Abstract Some properties of spin modules for orthogonal groups are developed, particularly with regard to parabolic subgroups. An application is given to a problem in the structure theory of finite simple groups.
Management of pulmonary barotrauma by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, apnea, and lung rest.

Observations breves de l'application d'une nouvelle approche therapeutique par apnee et mise au repos des poumons, chez 6 nouveau-nes dont l'oxygenation sur membrane extra-corporelle a ete compliquee d'un barotraumatisme pulmonaire avec ruptures alveolaires et fuites aeriennes. Bons resultats d'une methode sans danger
Low-friction, high-endurance, ion-beam-deposited Pb-Mo-S coatings

Abstract Thin solid lubricating coatings of PbMoS were deposited on steel substrates via ion-beam deposition. Coating endurance and friction coefficients under dry air sliding conditions were monitored with ball-on-disk tests; additional tribological testing was performed using a ball-on-flat reciprocating test rig to investigate intermediate sliding distances (100–32000 cycles). Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning Auger microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to examine the structure, composition and chemistry of the coatings. Worn surfaces were characterized by optical microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The average endurance (at 1.4 GPa stress) of ion-beam-deposited (IBD) PbMoS coatings (thickness, 160–830 nm) containing 4–26 at.% Pb was 160000 revolutions, more than twice that of MoS2 coatings obtained by ion-beam-assisted deposition. In addition, the IBD PbMoS coatings had friction coefficients between 0.005 and 0.02, similar to the MoS2 coatings obtained by ion-beam-assisted deposition. Friction coefficients were monitored as a function of the contact stress and found to obey the hertzian contact model; measured interfacial shear strengths (S0 ≈ 12 MPa) were similar to those observed for MoS2 coatings. Although XRD and micro-Raman spectroscopy indicated that the IBD PbMoS coatings were initially amorphous, micro-Raman spectroscopy showed that crystalline MoS2 was produced both in the wear tracks on coatings and in the transfer films on balls after as few as 100 sliding cycles. The wear resistance and low-friction properties of IBD PbMoS coatings are attributed to the combination of dense, adherent coatings and the formation of easily sheared, MoS2-containing sliding surfaces.
Bridging the gap: Using technology to capture the old & encourage the new

For the first time in history, our workforce has four generations working together simultaneously, each with their unique method of learning, communication, and relationship to safety. Many of our top safety advocates are close to retiring. Once they have left the workforce, it will be the responsibility of the next generations to see that safety continues to move forward. Facilitating a smooth transition may lie in the application and utilization of technology. Discovering a good blend of current and emerging technology and training methods, coupled with more human interaction, can lead to the development of a safety program that can effectively target each generation. The future of safety lies in our ability to avoid alienating the older generations with the overuse of technology, yet use it sufficiently to keep the younger generations interested. We must use technology to unite, capture and involve the experience of old and transform it into a medium that will encourage the new. This paper will shed light on the growing generational gaps; the emerging issues inherently tied to this growth; and discuss the potential application of current and emerging technologies that can help bridge a gap between generations that technology has created in the last few decades.
Insertion reactions of sodium in V6O13 single crystals from a solid polymeric electrolyte

Abstract The compositional variation of the kinetic and thermodynamic processes of sodium insertion into V 6 O 13 single crystal electrodes have been examined using cells of the type Na| (PEO) 8 ·NaCF 3 SO 3 |V 6 SO 13 over a range of temperature and stoichiometry. Coulometric titration and ac impedance data have shown sodium to be highly stable and reversible to V 6 O 13 . The chemical diffusion coefficient was found to be fairly constant over a wide stoichiometry range with a mean value of about 2.9 ×10 −8 cm 2 s −1 .
Amicable Pairs and Aliquot Cycles for Elliptic Curves

An amicable pair for an elliptic curve is a pair of primes (p, q) of good reduction for E and . In this paper we study elliptic amicable pairs and analogously defined longer elliptic aliquot cycles. We show that there exist elliptic curves with arbitrarily long aliquot cycles, but that CM elliptic curves (with j≠0) have no aliquot cycles of length greater than two. We give conjectural formulas for the frequency of amicable pairs. For CM curves, the derivation of precise conjectural formulas involves a detailed analysis of the values of the Grossencharacter evaluated at primes in having the property that is prime. This is especially intricate for the family of curves with j=0.
The influence of family wealth on the educational attainments of youths in Thailand

Abstract This paper investigates the relative role of family wealth and other family characteristics in determining schooling decisions. Instead of employing a common approach that focuses on certain education levels, an alternative method is proposed that allows a study of the entire schooling attainment distribution for youths in different wealth quartiles. Even without access to a direct measure of scholastic ability, the study finds that differences in the “long-run” family factors perceived to be important in shaping cognitive ability account for the bulk of inequality in schooling attainment in the 1991 youth cohort. However, a decline in the relative importance of family backgrounds is observed in later cohorts. The surge in the relative importance of family wealth on college enrollment could be caused by either the increasing cost of college education or by the relatively rich and academically less able individuals taking a larger share of recent increases in college enrollment.
Optical and RF characteristics of short-cavity-length multiquantum-well strained-layer lasers

The optical and RF characteristics of short-cavity, strained-layer In/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As graded-index separate-confinement-heterostructure (GRINSCH) multiple-quantum-well ridge waveguide lasers are described. Short-cavity-length strained-layer lasers with four In/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As quantum wells have been fabricated using chemically assisted ion beam etching (CAIBE). These lasers have a very low K factor of 0.14 ns and a high differential gain of 1.1*10/sup -15/ cm/sup 2/. A 3 dB modulation bandwidth of 23.5 GHz has been measured on a 50 mu m cavity-length device. This is the highest reported bandwidth for a quantum well laser. >