cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Education about Alcohol by High School Athletic Coaches

Abstract This study was an attempt to find out what high school athletic coaches tell their teams about the use of alcoholic beverages on the basis of a sample of 310 coaches in the public schools of California, 218 (70 percent) of whom returned, completed, a one-page questionnaire. Almost all coaches included total abstinence from alcohol as a training rule, and a clear majority would without any consideration drop a boy from the squad who was known to have broken this rule. Somewhat more than half of the coaches responded to the educational opportunity presented to them with comments which were judged excellent or acceptable. Slightly less than half responded either inappropriately, inaccurately, or falsely.
Enhancing Collaborative Leadership Among Parents of Children With Disabilities New Directions for Policy and Practice

Parent involvement and leadership have evolved over time and carry different meanings within various educational contexts in the United States. In special education, parent involvement includes the roles that parents of children with disabilities play in the development of their children’s Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), as well as in leadership and policy development and evaluation. In spite of the purported benefits of parent leadership in educational planning and policy, little research has been conducted on models that intentionally build critical skills and leadership opportunities among parents of children with disabilities. This article describes results associated with a leadership development project known as “Parents as Collaborative Leaders” (PACL) in which parents from across the United States participated in a leadership curriculum and individualized internship experiences at the local, state, and national levels. Participants reported a number of positive outcomes, including skills...
Faculty-Based Indicators of Teaching Effectiveness in Higher Education

Summary.-The study investigated the credibility ratings assigned to 16 indicators of teaching effectiveness by 749 faculty members. Four factors were identified, information sources related to students, colleagues, performance, and external validation. Evaluation is essential to educational policy and must be considered within a context of organizational and societal factors (Mann, 1975). Appraisal of institutional performance requires evaluation of performance of personnel in an institutional setting (Dressel, 1976). While classroom teaching can be considered apart from scholarship (research) and service, the general recognition of these professional obligations suggests that the relationships among them are important. It is generally recognized that some type of information system is necessary to aid decision makers to monitor and, thereby, objectively measure faculty performance (Kulik, 1974). A decision-oriented system should include information from students' learning, teaching performance, students' perceptions, classroom visitations, self-evaluations, and outside opinions (A.A.U.P., 1975, pp. 201-202). Herman (1973) has proposed an accountability system based on diagnosis, techniques, and prescription (termed "interlocking diagnostic-prescriptive process"). Differences exist regarding the "proper" indicators of teaching effectiveness. Miller (1974) proposed that the evaluation of over-all faculty performance consider at least nine indicators. Dressel (1976, pp. 338-339) emphasizes student-rating scales, instructors' self-appraisal, peer appraisal, review of tests, syllabi and other instructional materials, evaluation of students' attainment of objectives, videotapes of performance, and classroom visits. Recently Rose (1976) contended that educators have lost perspective about the dual purposes of faculty evaluation: to render judgments about an individual's instructional effectiveness ("impact") and to provide faculty members with the means to improve their teaching ("diagnosis"). Indicators of teaching effectiveness are part of a system of communication and ac
Parent-Child Relationships at the Transition to Adulthood: A Comparison of Black, Hispanic, and White Immigrant and Native-Born Youth

Parents play a key role in launching their children into adulthood. Differences in the resources they provide their children have implications for perpetuating patterns of family inequality. Using data on 6,962 young adults included in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we examine differences in the support parents provide to young adult children by immigrant status and race/ethnicity and whether and how those differences are explained by parent resources and young adult resources and roles. Immigrant status and race/ethnicity are associated with patterns of support in complex ways. We find that racial/ethnic and immigrant disparities in perceptions of support, financial support, and receiving advice from parents about education or employment are explained by family socioeconomic resources. Group differences in whether young adults say they would turn to a parent for advice and coresidence persist after accounting for these factors, however. Young adult resources and roles also shape parental support of young adults in the transition to adulthood, but taking account of these characteristics does not explain immigrant and racial/ethnic group differences. Our findings highlight the need to consider both race/ethnicity and immigrant status to understand family relationships and sources of support.
32 EFFECT OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE PNEUMOCOCCAL-SPECIFIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN A LEVELS IN HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS.

Background and Objective The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among HIV-infected persons has declined in the post HAART era. Changes in the humoral immune responses have been implicated in this change. It has already been shown that HAART is associated with a decline in BAL total IgG and IgM concentrations and a decrease in BAL pneumococcal-specific IgG concentrations. We measured total and pneumococcal-specific IgA concentrations in BAL of 24 HIV-infected patients before and at 4 and 24 weeks after initiation of HAART, anticipating a similar response. Methods BAL pneumococcal-specific IgA levels were measured using ELISA. The IgA concentrations were corrected for dilution by determining epithelial lining fluid (ELF) using the urea dilution technique. Results Data expressed as mean ± SEM μg IgA/mL ELF (* p value ≥ .05). Total and pneumococcal-specific IgA levels did not change after initiation of HAART. No change was detected in the levels of pneumococcal-specific IgA when expressed as a percentage of total IgA. No significant correlation was found between BAL IL-6 and IgA concentration or BAL percentage lymphocytes and IgA concentrations. Conclusion HAART is not associated with significant changes in total or pneumococcal-specific IgA concentrations in the distal respiratory tract. We speculate that this reflects the more dominant role of IgG in protection of the alveolar space against bacterial pathogens.
Factors influencing left ventricular shortening in isolated canine heart

To assess in the intact ventricle the steady-state influence of several mechanical variables on the extent of left ventricular midwall circumferential shortening, a pressure servo system was utilized in isolated canine hearts. The system permits continuous monitoring of ventricular volume and control of diastolic and systolic pressures. After determination of the diastolic volume at zero filling pressure (V0), a series of variably preloaded or afterloaded contractions were generated including the isovolumic state. Contractile state was manipulated in a positive (calcium, 12-18 mg/100 ml; norepinephrine, 0.4-1.4 mug/min) or negative (propranolol, 0.12-0.50 mg/min) direction. Force and length terms derived for a thick-walled sphere were expressed per cross-sectional area of muscle and length, respectively, calculated at V0. For any preload, an inverse linear (r greater than 0.96) force-shortening relation was obtained, and each line was identified by its slope and isovolumic load (sigma0). Both slope and sigma0 increased with positive inotropic agents (vis-a-vis propranolol) or increments in preload. Thus, in the intact ventricle an inverse linear relation characterizes the force-shortening relation with the amount of shortening determined by initial fiber length, afterload, and the contractile state of the myocardium.
Climate change denial, political beliefs, and cities: evidence from Copenhagen and Houston

Using data from surveys of Copenhagen and Houston, this article examines climate change denial in two cities with dramatically different environmental traditions. Previous research on climate change beliefs conceptualizes political views along a spectrum, from right-wing party members to moderates to left-wing party members or along a left-right ideological scale. Findings indicate that conventional assumptions about political identification and climate change beliefs vary in the two cities. In Copenhagen, respondents in right-wing parties have higher rates of climate change denial compared to the politically unaffiliated, but those on the left do not have lower rates. While left-leaning respondents in Houston have lower odds of climate change denial than moderates, right-leaning respondents do not have higher rates of denial. These results suggest that individual-level political beliefs do not always have a continuous effect on climate change attitudes. The findings in these two divergent cities – one a ...
Evolution of the Donor T Cell Repertoire In Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients In the Second Decade After Transplantation

Abstract 831 After allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), donor T lymphocyte immune function is slowly re-established in the recipient through reconstruction of the donor9s post-thymic T cell repertoire and from T cell neogenesis in the thymus. Although long-term survivors from SCT appear healthy, their immune repertoire and differences from that of their donors have not been characterized. We studied 38 healthy patients surviving more than 10 years from a myeloablative SCT for hematological malignancy (median follow-up 12 years, range 10–16 years). T cell and natural killer (NK) cell repertoires in these patients were compared with cells from their stem cell donors cryopreserved at time of transplant and from the same donors at 10 year after SCT. The median age of both recipients and their sibling donors at time of transplant was identical (36 years). Patients received cyclosporine GVHD prophylaxis and delayed add-back of donor lymphocytes 30–90 days post transplant. Only one patient was on continued immunosuppressive treatment at the time of study. Compared with the donor pre-transplant counts there was no significant difference in the absolute lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell, NK cell, and B cell subset counts. However, compared to their donors, recipients had a) significantly fewer naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; b) lower T cell receptor excision circles levels; c) fewer CD4+ central memory T cells; d) more effector CD8+ T cells; e) and more FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. These data suggest that the patient had a persistent deficiency on T cell neogenesis. Molecular examination of the T cell receptor Vbeta (TCRBV) repertoire by spectratype analysis showed that there was no significant difference in total complexity score, defined as the sum of the number of discrete peaks for each Vbeta subfamily, between the patients and their donors. TCRBV subfamily spectratyping profiles of patients and donors, however, had diverged, with both gains and losses of peaks identifiable in both patient and donor. In conclusion, patients surviving 10 or more years after allogeneic SCT still show a T cell repertoire that reflects expansion of the donor-derived post thymic T cell compartment, with a limited contribution by new T cell generation and persistently increased Tregs. It therefore appears that a diverse TCRBV repertoire predominantly derived from the memory T cell pool is compatible with good health. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Describing solar images with sparse coding for similarity search

In this work, we present a method of producing image descriptors that is based on max-pooling of sparse codes. We use this method on images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The SDO produces over 70,000 images of the Sun each day, and with so many images being archived, an efficient method for finding similar images in this ever growing dataset is critical. Our method for producing descriptors is advantageous because the results are of a reasonable size for indexing, and are more selective than other methods used in the past. We use sparse coding on learned dictionaries to produce linear decompositions of the input signals. These decompositions are unlike decompositions based on principal component analysis, as we do not impose the constraint that basis vectors be orthogonal. By removing the orthogonal constraint, we are able to more easily adapt the representation to the data, and we show that our initial retrieval results alleviate a problem found to be an issue for this dataset. Specifically, the problem of the immediate temporal neighbor being the most similar in virtually every case.
A CRITICAL VIEW OF PERIMETER RADIATION

The window is the weakest link in the architectural envelope causing discomfort during winter. This weakness has been recognized by the design profession, and radiation is routinely placed beneath the fenestration to alleviate the discomfort. The price is high in terms of energy. Placement of the heat source for a space at the point of greatest heat loss encourages the waste of energy.
On the modeling of the effect of processing and heat treatment on actuation behaviors of high temperature ternary and quaternary shape memory alloys

Abstract The cyclic actuation behaviors of five high-temperature shape memory alloys are studied using a recently-developed multi-mechanism material model. An approach is taken to link few parameters in the mathematical model to specific SMA response characteristics, hence enabling us to account for the effects of material composition, heat treatments and the processing methods used in producing these alloys. The model results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data obtained for the as-received/processed/aged forms of the Ti 50.5 Ni 24.5 Pd 25 , Ti 50 Ni 24.5 Pd 25 Sc 0.5 , and Ni 50.3 Ti 29.7 Hf 20 materials.
Sensitive Immunoassay for Detection and Quantification of the Neurotoxin, Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine.

Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS, tetramine) is a formerly used and highly neurotoxic rodenticide. Its lethality, recent history of intentional use for mass poisoning, and the absence of a known antidote raise public health concerns. Therefore, rapid, high throughput, and sensitive methods for detection and quantification of TETS are critical. Instrumental analysis method such as GC/MS is sensitive but not rapid or high throughput. Therefore, an immunoassay selective to TETS was developed. The assay shows an IC50 of 4.5 ± 1.2 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of 0.2 ng/mL, comparable to GC/MS. Performance of the immunoassay was demonstrated by a recovery study using known concentrations of TETS spiked into buffer and human and mouse serum matrices giving recoveries in the range of 80–120%. The assay demonstrated good correlation in TETS recovery with established GC/MS analysis. The immunoassay was then used to quantify TETS concentration in the serum of mice exposed to 2× LD50 dose of TETS and to monit...
Tymieniecka’s Vindication of the Life Significance of Literature

Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka’s Logos and Life, Creative Experience and the Critique of Reason 1 is a feast for all the senses and the mind, for all the vital synergies that stream together, when “initial spontaneity … springs forth from the Human Condition.” (175) Once again she confirms that art is the sublime mission of man, since it is the exertion of the mind, trying to understand the world and the human condition, and to make the world and the human condition understood. She proposes that “the creative act of man is the Archimedean point from which to gain understanding of the life functioning, and that it is the only access to the exploration of the Human Condition.” (3–16) In the creative orchestration of human existence and of everything-there-is-alive, is Tymieniecka’s path and vision: she takes the path in order to become the path herself for us who will follow her vision in a new appreciation of Scapin, the leading character of commedia dell’arte, as he emerges in Callot’s engravings, in the writings of Moliere and Claudel, and as enacted on stage in the plays of Moliere and J.-L. Barrault. Tymieniecka’s treatise on the life-significance of literature has liberated it from the cultural and theoretical prisons to which it had been sentenced for many years. Her treatise finally retrieves the poetic sense, the smile of the mind, in the interplay of several modes of experience. The voices of drama, art, dance, music, poetry, sculpture, and opera are harmonized in Tymieniecka’s Logos and Life, Creative Experience and the Critique of Reason.
The Right to a Family Environment for Children of Prisoners

As the “natural environment for the growth and well-being” of children (Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989, preamble), the family has long enjoyed special protection within international human rights law (e.g. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1976, art. 23 & 24; International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, 1976, art. 10; Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948). However, the concept of the family environment as the optimal setting for the development of children first appears in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). The Convention recognizes that the “child ….should grow up in a family environment, in an atmosphere of happiness, love and understanding” (preamble). To achieve this objective, the Convention directs governments to provide “necessary protection and assistance” to families so that they can fully assume their responsibilities within the community (preamble). These responsibilities include preparing children to be full participants in society.
L-Arginine, a precursor of EDRF in vitro, produces pulmonary vasodilation in lambs.

There is increasing evidence that resting pulmonary vascular tone is mediated in part by the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRF). Because L-arginine may be a precursor for EDRF s...
Surgery of the Appendix

The removal of an appendix can range from a very simple to a very complicated procedure depending upon the state of inflammation and the location of the appendix. The same principles, however, are followed in all cases. The important features are an adequate exposure, complete hemostasis, removal of the entire appendix whenever possible, and a firm closure of the appendiceal stump. Antibiotic therapy is not indicated for early, acute appendicitis but with any purulent exudate it should be used preoperatively and postoperatively to reduce the incidence of complications.
Bonding in Non-Tetrahedrally Coordinated Amorphous Solids

Most of the amorphous materials studied in the past decade have contained elements from Groups IVA, VA, and VIA of the periodic table. Typically they are semiconductors which have been of interest from both a basic and a practical standpoint. The most commonly studied elemental amorphous semiconductors have been placed in boxes in the portion of the periodic table shown in Table I. The tetrahedrally bonded amorphous solids which are isomorphic with the Group IV materials (e.g., Ge, Si, GaAs) have been discussed by others. My purpose is to review some of the properties of several of the amorphous materials from Group V and VI, shown within the solid line in Table I.
Teaching PIMS Principles In A Problem-based Learning Environment

One part of the MBA program at Ohio University is a year-long course which is taught in the problem-based learning format. The first segment of the course covers strategy, the second segment covers operations, and the third segment covers international business. My role is to teach the second segment as a course in the formulation and implementation of strategy at the strategic business unit (SBU) level of a corporation. The content of the course covers two major topics: The PIMS Principles (Buzzell & Gale, 1987) and Total Quality Management. This paper will address only the PIMS part of the course.
Emerging targets of disease-modifying therapy for systemic sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) has the highest cause-specific mortality of all the connective tissue diseases, and the aetiology of this complex and heterogeneous condition remains an enigma. Current disease-modifying therapies for SSc predominantly target inflammatory and vascular pathways but have variable and unpredictable clinical efficacy, and none is curative. Moreover, many of these therapies possess undesirable safety profiles and have no appreciable effect on long-term mortality. This Review describes the most promising of the existing therapeutic targets for SSc and places them in the context of our evolving understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease. As well as taking an in-depth look at the immune, inflammatory, vascular and fibrotic pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc, this Review discusses emerging treatment targets and therapeutic strategies. The article concludes with an overview of important unanswered questions in SSc research that might inform the design of future studies of treatments aimed at modifying the course of this disease.
Method for controlling a laser additive process using intrinsic illumination

One form of additive manufacturing is to use a laser to generate a melt pool from powdered metal that is sprayed from a nozzle. The laser net-shape machining system builds the part a layer at a time by following a predetermined path. However, because the path may need to take many turns, maintaining a constant melt pool may not be easy. A straight section may require one speed and power while a sharp bend would over melt the metal at the same settings. This paper describes a process monitoring method that uses the intrinsic IR radiation from the melt pool along with a process model configured to establish target values for the parameters associated with the manufacture or repair. This model is based upon known properties of the metal being used as well as the properties of the laser beam. An adaptive control technique is then employed to control process parameters of the machining system based upon the real-time weld pool measurement. Since the system uses the heat radiant from the melt pool, other previously deposited metal does not confuse the system as only the melted material is seen by the camera.
Use of Artificial Neural Networks to Identify Fake Profiles

In this paper, we use machine learning, namely an artificial neural network to determine what are the chances that Facebook friend request is authentic or not. We also outline the classes and libraries involved. Furthermore, we discuss the sigmoid function and how the weights are determined and used. Finally, we consider the parameters of the social network page which are utmost important in the provided solution.
Opioid sparing multimodal analgesia treats pain after head and neck microvascular reconstruction.

Objective To compare pain control (opioid consumption and postsurgical pain scores) in head and neck (HN however, by the 2-month visit, the treatment group reported significantly lower pain scores than the control group (P = 0.001). No adverse outcomes of ketamine or gabapentin were experienced. Conclusion Ketamine and gabapentin are safe and effective analgesics in H&N free flap surgery that significantly decrease opioid use in the acute postoperative setting and may improve pain control. Level of evidence 3a Laryngoscope, 130:1686-1691, 2020.
Intracoronary radiation with a32P source wire

The Proliferation Reduction with Vascular Energy Trial (PREVENT) is a prospective randomized study of the safety and efficacy of intracoronary brachytherapy to reduce restenosis. A β-emitter,32P, is embedded on a wire tip and delivered to the target site through a centering catheter immediately following a coronary intervention. The radiation doses are 16, 20, and 24 Gy measured at 1 mm within the vessel wall. Follow-up includes an angiogram and IVUS at 6 months. Phase I of this trial has been completed with results expected in early 1999.
Demonstration of PAM-4 Data Transmission from a Modulation Instability Induced Frequency Comb

We demonstrate PAM-4 modulation on a modulation instability frequency comb, generated by tuning through the cavity resonance of a Kerr microresonator. We determine the BER for the corresponding eye diagram.
Exploring the Effect of Explanations During Robot-Guided Emergency Evacuation.

Humans tend to overtrust emergency robots during emergencies [12]. Here we consider how a robot’s explanations influence a person’s decision to follow the robot’s evacuation directions when those directions differ from the movement of the crowd. The experiments were conducted in a simulated emergency environment with an emergency guide robot and animated human looking Non-Player Characters (NPC). Our results show that explanations increase the tendency to follow the robot, even if these messages are uninformative. We also perform a preliminary study investigating different explanation designs for effective interventions, demonstrating that certain types of explanations can increase or decrease evacuation time. This paper contributes to our understanding of human compliance to robot instructions and methods for examining human compliance through the use of explanations during high risk, emergency situations.
Influence of post-deposition annealing on the transport properties of sputtered Bi2Se3 thin films

Abstract The fabrication of chalcogenide-based topological insulator (TI) thin films with low defects and vacancies is an important research problem. In the past decade, Bi2Se3 is one of the most investigated TI materials. The physical properties of Bi2Se3 are dictated by selenium vacancies irrespective of the growth method. Controlling the number of vacancies is very challenging, but it can be influenced by substrate and growth temperature. In this work, we demonstrate that post-deposition annealing temperature is also effective in controlling the carrier concentration of Bi2Se3 thin films. Ultra-thin Bi2Se3 films were fabricated on quartz substrates using magnetron sputtering at room temperature, and their resistivity, bulk carrier concentration, and bulk mobility are measured as a function of the post-deposition annealing temperature under vacuum conditions ranging from 180–350 °C. We find that the carrier concentration can vary by an order of magnitude, and we obtained values as low as ~1 × 1019 cm−3 between 200-250 °C which compares very well with some of the best literature reports on films made by molecular beam epitaxy. Room temperature bulk mobility values in excess of 100 cm2/Vs were recorded for the optimally annealed samples. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy measurements showed that selenium-rich Bi2Se3 films have the highest carrier concentration values. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the best crystallographic properties are obtained for stoichiometric Bi2Se3. Our results indicate that higher mobility values may be possible if better crystal structure and lower resistivity are obtained in selenium-rich films.
Applying Implementation Science in Surgical Infection Quality Improvement.

Background: Medical knowledge is constantly growing at an exponential rate. Despite this growth, it is estimated to take 17 years for medical innovation to reach the bedside and improve clinical care. Implementation science is the scientific study of methods to facilitate the update of evidence-based practice and research into regular use and policy. Discussion: Implementation science offers theories, models, and frameworks aimed at decreasing the time it takes to get medical innovation to the patient and to sustain the care improvements. Implementation science principles center around five main fundamental concepts that include information diffusion, dissemination, implementation, adoption, and sustainability. Understanding these fundamental concepts allow clinicians to prepare for an implementation by asking the correct questions such as: Are we ready for change?; What is our current process that we want to change?; Who needs to be involved in the implementation?; and How do we measure success? This article describes a successful catheter-associated urinary tract infection quality improvement program implemented using implementation science principles. Conclusion: Implementation science offers many proven tools and strategies to implement new evidence-based medicine and medical innovations into common practice. Clinicians are often the leaders of change and should develop an understanding of implementation science fundamentals to allow successful implementation of quality improvement and research initiatives.
Features of Direct Instruction: Interactive Lessons.

Direct Instruction (DI) teaches challenging academic content to a range of diverse learners. In order to do so, DI includes a complex system for organizing and directing teacher–student interactions to maximize learning. This system includes: instructional formats that specify the interactions between teacher and student, flexible skills-based groupings, active student responding, responsive interactions between students and teachers, ongoing data-based decision making, and mastery teaching. In this article, we describe each of these main features of the system, define their functions, reveal how they are interwoven throughout all DI lessons, and provide specific examples of their application during instruction. Our goal is to describe and clarify critical features of DI lesson presentation and teacher–student interaction so that instructional designers, teachers, and other practitioners can use existing DI programs effectively and include these features in newly developed programs.
To resist, or to align? The enactment of data-based school governance in Italy

The diffusion of national standardized testing, large-scale survey assessments and the promotion of policies of self-evaluation are making large amounts of data on education systems available and transforming schools into collecting units for a notable range of educational, institutional and socioeconomic indicators. The datafication and related digital technologies for collecting, analysing, retrieving and displaying data activate, at least in principle, new spaces of visibility and forms of school data-based managerialism (Williamson, 2017). While the policy of transparency is oriented to the development and consolidation of data-based school governance (Selwyn in European Educational Research Journal, 15, 54–68, 2016), its implementation in practice remains an open question. It solicits the analysis of the enactment of school data infrastructures to understand their mobilization in the governance of schooling. Schools can align with digital technologies and data, or they can resist these in many ways. By drawing on a multi-sited ethnography on the development and consolidation of the digital governance of education in Italy (Landri, 2018), I will display how schools can align, imitate, and fabricate their data, use them partially and instrumentally, gaming, or opting-out from the current regime of accountability. These findings complexify a typology of resistance to the digitalization proposed by Souto-Otero and Beneito-Montagut (European Educational Research Journal, 15, 14–33, 2016). They trouble the either/or logic that presents ‘alignment’ and ‘resistance’ as they were different alternatives to underline the subtleties of the policy enactment of the data-based school governance. The investigation illustrates that the space of the school agency is not entirely lost: the destiny of the digital governance of education; in other words, is not inevitable. It draws attention to the singularity of the schools concerning the policies of digital accountabilities. The singularity is a capacity to react that depends ultimately on the sedimented circuits of knowledge. These latter ones orient in different ways how noticing, interpreting and drawing conclusions from data.
Association Between the Modalities of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use and Cost-Related Nonadherence to Medical Care Among Older Americans: A Cohort Study

Introduction: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use has been increasingly prevalent among Americans, whereas its relationship with medical nonadherence is unknown. Methods: Using the Nat...
BK polyomavirus-infected nephrogenic adenoma of the urinary bladder in a renal transplant recipient: A case report

Abstract This report describes the morphological and immunohistochemical features of the first case of a nephrogenic adenoma (NA) of the urinary bladder infected with polyomavirus. The findings occurred in a female patient, 6 months post cadaveric renal transplant. Voided urine cytology was positive for decoy cells. Renal transplant biopsy showed no evidence of BKV allograft nephropathy. Cystoscopy demonstrated multiple erythematous patchy and nodular areas. These were found in the left and right posterior wall, and the right lateral wall toward the bladder neck, and were suspicious for either chronic inflammation or neoplasia. Hematoxylin–eosin stained sections showed a NA with scattered pleomorphic nuclei demonstrating smudged chromatin and amorphous basophilic ground glass inclusions. Strong expression of polyomavirus large T antigen (SV40) and VP1 was seen in atypical lesional cells, consistent with cytopathic lytic polyomavirus infection. Positive staining with PAX8 supports the renal cell derivation of NA. The findings in the present case suggest that polyomavirus infection, as an irritant of the bladder mucosa, contributed to the cytologic atypia of infected lesional cells but is not a pathogenic factor of NA.
GABAergic neurons in the rat hippocampal formation: ultrastructure and synaptic relationships with catecholaminergic terminals

Numerous studies indicate that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) can either hyperpolarize or depolarize hippocampal pyramidal and granule cells. While the inhibitory action of GABA may occur directly on these cells, the excitatory action may be mediated by interactions of GABAergic neurons with each other or with catecholaminergic afferents. We sought to examine the cellular basis for these interactions and their relative frequency. Thus, the ultrastructural morphology of GABAergic neurons and their relation to terminals exhibiting immunoreactivity for the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were examined in the rat hippocampal formation using combined immunoautoradiographic and peroxidase-antiperoxidase labeling methods. By light microscopy, GABAergic perikarya and processes codistributed most noticeably with TH-containing processes in the hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG) and in strata lucidum, radiatum, and lacunosum-moleculare of the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Thus, these regions were examined further by electron microscopy. In the ultrastructural analysis, GABA-like immunoreactivity (GABA-LI) was detected in neuronal perikarya, dendrites, axons, and axon terminals. The GABA-containing perikarya were large, ovoid (20-40 microns in diameter), and contained abundant cytoplasm and an indented nucleus with one nucleolus. Synaptic junctions on the perikarya and dendrites with GABA-LI were both symmetric and asymmetric. Approximately equal numbers of TH-labeled terminals (19% of 133 in DG; 39% of 26 in CA3) and GABA-containing terminals (19% DG, 15% CA3) formed synapses with GABA-labeled perikarya. The remainder of the presynaptic terminals (62% DG, 46% CA3) were unlabeled, i.e., contained unidentified transmitters. Terminals with GABA-LI (0.5-1.6 microns) contained numerous small clear vesicles and from 0 to 2 large dense-core vesicles. The types of associations formed by terminals with GABA-LI were remarkably similar in the DG and hippocampus proper despite differences in intrinsic cell type and function. Terminals with GABA-LI formed associations with unlabeled perikarya and dendrites (24% of 151 in DG, 25% of 75 in CA3) and synapses with GABA-containing perikarya and dendrites (18% DG, 5% CA3). Additionally, GABAergic terminals converged upon the same perikarya or dendrite as a TH-containing terminal (15% DG, 21% CA3) and were in direct apposition to TH-labeled terminals (19% DG, 20% CA3). The remaining GABAergic terminals (24% DG, 28% CA3) were without any apparent synaptic relations. In both the DG and CA3, the junctions formed by GABAergic terminals were symmetric. Terminals showing colocalization of GABA-LI and TH-I were also detected although rarely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Laser Induced Collisional and Radiative Energy Transfer

This paper summarizes progress on two related methods of rapidly transferring energy which is stored in a metastable level of one species to a target level of a different species. The two methods are laser induced collision, and laser induced (two-photon) spontaneous emission and subsequent absorption. Both utilize high peak power, short pulse tunable lasers and both are capable of rapid and selective energy transfer.
Abortion counseling: an experimental study of three techniques.

Abstract One hundred and seventy-one abortion patients, randomly assigned to three defined counseling procedures (group orientation, group process, and individual) were matched by counselor. Data collected were: circumstances surrounding the pregnancy (before counseling); reaction to counseling session (after counseling—before abortion); response to abortion (post abortum). Over-all responses to counseling and abortion were favorable, particularly those of women over 20 years old. Most women preferred individual counseling. Responses to the abortion procedure were more positive among women over 20 years old who had individual counseling. Younger women responded to the abortion more favorably after experiencing either type of group counseling. Women of all ages, when counseled by group process, would be more likely to terminate future unwanted pregnancies by abortion, this being especially significant in the younger age group.
A study of empirical learning for an involved problem

In real-world domains a concept to be learned may be unwieldy and the environment may be less than ideal. One combination of difficulties occurs if the concept is probabilistic and the learning situation is dynamic. In this case, the data may be noisy and biased. These difficulties arise when learning evaluation functions, which can be considered as concepts. A representative problem, the fifteen puzzle, is used to test six different learning systems: some that fit, count, or partition data in instance, space; some that optimize measures derived from data in hypothesis space; and some that perform combinations of such procedures. These six systems are described, tested, and analyzed. From quantitative differences in several experiments, we extract specific properties. By combining two or three kinds of techniques, we gauge the extent to which they complement each other. Combinations of strengths can overcome difficulties in domains that are simultaneously probabilistic, dynamic, noisy, and biased.
Novel mechanisms for maturation of chloroplast transfer RNA precursors.

Abstract Despite the prokaryotic origins of chloroplasts, a plant chloroplast tRNA precursor is processed in a homologous in vitro system by a pathway distinct from that observed in Escherichia coli, but identical to that utilized for maturation of nuclear pre-tRNAs. The mature tRNA 5' terminus is generated by the site-specific endonucleolytic cleavage of an RNase P (or P-type) activity. The 3' end is likewise produced by a single precise endonucleolytic cut at the 3' terminus of the encoded tRNA domain. This is the first complete structural characterization of an organellar tRNA processing system using a homologous substrate. In contrast to eubacterial RNase P, chloroplast RNase P does not appear to contain an RNA subunit. The chloroplast activity bands with bulk protein at 1.28 g/ml in CsCI density gradients, whereas E.coli RNase P bands as ribonucleoprotein at 1.73 g/ml. Chloroplast RNase P activity survives treatment with micrococcal nuclease (MN) at levels 10- to 100-fold higher than those required to totally inactivate the E.coli enzyme. The chloroplast system is sensitive to a suppression of tRNA processing, caused by binding of inactive MN to pre-tRNA substrate, which is readily overcome by addition of carrier RNA to the assay.
Beyond the Fisher-Matrix Formalism: Exact Sampling Distributions of the Maximum-Likelihood Estimator in Gravitational-Wave Parameter Estimation

Gravitational-wave astronomers often wish to characterize the expected parameter-estimation accuracy of future observations. The Fisher matrix provides a lower bound on the spread of the maximum-likelihood estimator across noise realizations, as well as the leading-order width of the posterior probability, but it is limited to high signal strengths often not realized in practice. By contrast, Monte Carlo Bayesian inference provides the full posterior for any signal strength, but it is too expensive to repeat for a representative set of noises. Here I describe an efficient semianalytical technique to map the exact sampling distribution of the maximum-likelihood estimator across noise realizations, for any signal strength. This technique can be applied to any estimation problem for signals in additive Gaussian noise.
Coherent scattering of low energy neutrinos from macroscopic object

It is known since the work of Freedman that neutran‐current scattering of neutrinos from the nucleons in a nucleus can be coherent, leading, for sufficiently long wavelengths, to cross sections which are proportional to the square of the nuclear baryon number. When extended to macroscopic objects containing N nuclei, it has recently been reported, on the one hand, that coherent cross sections proportional to N2 have been observed, and on the other, that coherence can occur only for wavelengths comparable to the sample size. I find that coherent scattering can indeed occur on the scale of an entire crystal for incident neutrino wavelengths comparable to the internuclear separation or less, but that the cross section remains linear in N. Hence coherence cannot explain the reported observation of a macroscopic force exerted on a crystal by reactor antineutrinos.
Effect of glucagon on human gastric mucosa: histochemical studies.

Abstract We studied the effects of glucagon (2 mg intravenously) on the histochemical localization and staining intensity of 10 enzymes in human gastric mucosa. Glucagon caused a significant increase in the histochemical activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the undifferentiated neck cells and mucous cells of the foveolae and of ATPase activity in and around the mucosal capillary walls. Glucagon also stimulated mucus secretion from the surface epithelial cells. These changes were observed 15 and 30 min after glucagon in the oxyntic, but no pyloric mucosa. They indicate that glucagon, in addition to its effect on parietal cells, also affects other structures in human gastric mucosa.
Influence of condensable vapor on strength of powders

Diametrically different influences of small moisture contents upon strength are often measured in beds of different kinds of particles. Here we explain such opposing trends in terms of capillary forces exerted by condensed liquid rings at the points of particle contact. The effects of such rings are opposite for different particle shapes at the point of contact, namely, at spherical or at sharp angular contact points. In addition to the theoretical development, data are given for two different illustrative types of particles.
Electrophysiological analysis of the actions of strychnine, bicuculline and picrotoxin on the axonal membrane.

Strychnine, bicuculline, and picrotoxin show similar effects on the membrane of the lobster giant axon. At concentrations above 5 × 10−5 M these compounds cause depolarization of the resting potential and a broadening of the action potential contour. Also occurring is an increase in excitability as defined by a decrease in stimulus threshold. Repetitive firing of action potentials is sometimes observed during the depolarizing process. Drug levels of 5 × 10−4M and higher may secondarily induce depolarizing inactivation of the spike generating mechanism. The loss in resting potential is accounted for by a shift in relative membrane selectivity away from potassium and towards sodium. Associated with this alteration in selectivity is a marked fall in total conductance and abolition of delayed rectification. The results indicate that strychnine, bicuculline, and picrotoxin cause potassium inactivation and further that this effect is manifest in both the resting and active electrogenic state of the membrane.
Facilitation of physical aggression through objective self-awareness ☆

Abstract Based on a theory of self-awareness it was hypothesized that induced attention to the self would facilitate aggression if the salient standard of behavior was one in which high aggression was positively valued. Female subjects were given an opportunity to shock a male confederate of the experimenter in a presumed learning experiment. Self-awareness was induced in half the subjects by the presence of a mirror. The Mirror group delivered significantly higher shocks to the confederate than did the No-Mirror control group.
Visual acuity of eyes after vitrectomy for retinopathy of prematurity: Follow-up at 5 1/2 years

Purpose: To provide long-term follow-up on the structural status and visual function at 5 1/2 years of age for 128 eyes of 98 infants who participated in the multicenter randomized clinical trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity in whom total retinal detachment developed from retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by the 3-month study examination. Fifty-four patients had lensectomy-vitrectomy procedures in one or both eyes before 1 year of age (n = 72 eyes), and 44 patients did not (n = 56 eyes). Methods: When the children were 5 1/2 years of age, an eye examination was performed and residua of ROP was assessed. Recognition acuity (Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart) and grating visual acuity (Teller acuity card procedure) assessments were undertaken by testers who were masked to the status of each of the child's eyes. Results: At least partial retinal attachment was present at 5 1/2 years in 21% compared with 28% at 1 year of age (not significant). All except one of the eyes tested at 5 1/2 years had vision limited to light perception or no light perception, regardless of whether a vitrectomy had been performed. One eye that underwent vitrectomy had minimal pattern vision. The two eyes that were reported previously to have minimal pattern vision at 1 year of age were blind at the longer-term follow-up. Conclusions: The poor visual outcome after a lensectomy-vitrectomy procedure for retinal detachment due to ROP demands that emphasis be placed on prevention of retinal detachment in premature infants.