cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simvastatin Therapy Normalizes Sympathetic Neural Control in Experimental Heart Failure Roles of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptors and NAD(P)H Oxidase

Background—In a previous study, we showed that simvastatin (SIM) therapy normalized sympathetic outflow and cardiovascular reflex regulation in chronic heart failure (CHF). However, the precise neural and cellular pathways for these effects are unknown. We hypothesized that SIM exerts its beneficial effect on autonomic function in CHF by downregulating central angiotensin II (Ang II) and superoxide mechanisms. Methods and Results—Experiments were carried out on 36 male New Zealand White rabbits, 13 normal and 23 CHF. All rabbits were identically instrumented to record mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). Echocardiography was used to monitor cardiac function. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence were used to measure gene expression of Ang II type 1 receptor and NAD(P)H oxidase subunits and NAD(P)H oxidase activity in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Compared with the CHF control group, SIM significantly reduced the central Ang II–induced pressor and sympathoexcitatory responses, decreased baseline RSNA (57.33.2% to 22.42.1% of maximum, P0.05), increased baroreflex control of heart rate (gainmax, 1.60.3 to 4.50.2 bpm/mm Hg, P0.05), and increased RSNA (gainmax, 1.70.2% to 4.90.6% of maximum/mm Hg, P0.01). Importantly, SIM improved left ventricular function (EF, 32.44.1% to 51.73.2%, P0.05). SIM also downregulated mRNA and protein expression of Ang II type 1 receptor and NAD(P)H oxidase subunits and inhibited NAD(P)H oxidase activity in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of CHF rabbits. Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of Ang II completely abolished the aforementioned effects of SIM in CHF rabbits. Conclusions—These data strongly suggest that SIM normalizes autonomic function in CHF by inhibiting central Ang II mechanisms and therefore the superoxide pathway. These data also demonstrate that SIM improves left ventricular function in pacing-induced CHF rabbits. (Circulation. 2005;112:1763-1770.)
Rescue Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Early After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in the Drug-Eluting Stent Era

Ten patients underwent rescue percutaneous coronary intervention for myocardial infarction or ischemia soon after coronary artery bypass grafting, and 6 received drug-eluting stents (DESs). Outcomes were limited primarily by bleeding events. There was 1 episode of DES thrombosis after antiplatelet therapy was discontinued due to gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Rescue percutaneous coronary intervention is a feasible approach to reestablish coronary perfusion in the perioperative period, but DESs should be used only after appropriate risk stratification for potential bleeding complications that may require the withdrawal of antiplatelet therapy.
DNA Binding by Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Switch Protein Is Necessary for Transcriptional Activation of Two Viral Delayed Early Promoters

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus-8) establishes latent and lytic infections in both lymphoid and endothelial cells and has been associated with diseases of both cell types. The KSHV open reading frame 50 (ORF50) protein is a transcriptional activator that plays a central role in the reactivation of lytic viral replication from latency. Here we identify and characterize a DNA binding site for the ORF50 protein that is shared by the promoters of two delayed early genes (ORF57 and K-bZIP). Transfer of this element to heterologous promoters confers on them high-level responsiveness to ORF50, indicating that the element is both necessary and sufficient for activation. The element consists of a conserved 12-bp palindromic sequence and less conserved sequences immediately 3' to it. Mutational analysis reveals that sequences within the palindrome are critical for binding and activation by ORF50, but the presence of a palindrome itself is not absolutely required. The 3' flanking sequences also play a critical role in DNA binding and transactivation. The strong concordance of DNA binding in vitro with transcriptional activation in vivo strongly implies that sequence-specific DNA binding is necessary for ORF50-mediated activation through this element. Expression of truncated versions of the ORF50 protein reveals that DNA binding is mediated by the amino-terminal 272 amino acids of the polypeptide.
Gaussian pulse approximation using standard CMOS and its application for sub-GHz UWB impulse radio

Gaussian pulse is widely used in communication systems. The true Gaussian function is not physically realizable, but it can be approximated through linear functions. This paper presents a Gaussian pulse approximation approach to generate a quasi-Gaussian pulse by using the transient response of a CMOS inverter. The basic structure of the proposed design includes a digital variable square pulse generator, a Gaussian pulse generator and a small antenna model. The digital variable square pulse generator makes the amplitude and width of the generated quasi-Gaussian pulse tunable. The proposed pulse generator works well for three different electrical small antenna models. The simulation results show that the generated pulse approximates the Gaussian shape very well and the radiated signal at the antennas is compliant with the Federal Communication Commission's spectral mask for the 0–960 MHz band. The simple structure of this Gaussian pulse generator lends itself to a low-power, single-chip UWB transceiver solution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pseudogenes transcribed in breast invasive carcinoma show subtype-specific expression and ceRNA potential.

Background Recent studies have shown that some pseudogenes are transcribed and contribute to cancer when dysregulated. In particular, pseudogene transcripts can function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). The high similarity of gene and pseudogene nucleotide sequence has hindered experimental investigation of these mechanisms using RNA-seq. Furthermore, previous studies of pseudogenes in breast cancer have not integrated miRNA expression data in order to perform large-scale analysis of ceRNA potential. Thus, knowledge of both pseudogene ceRNA function and the role of pseudogene expression in cancer are restricted to isolated examples.
How middle school teachers solved our SE project problems

This paper compares several models for student software engineering projects. We discuss our experience using projects for external customers, using computer game projects, and finally using game projects for external customers, specifically middle school teachers. We discuss the problems we encountered with the first two approaches and how they are solved with our current model.
A CLUSTERING ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF IMPORT PENETRATION ON PRODUCT VARIETY

This paper uses clustering analysis to describe the effects of import penetration on product variety. The similarity of two goods is defined by the distance between them on the characteristics plane. If imports are not close substitutes for domestic goods, then the pattern of product clustering becomes less segmented. Alternatively, if imports are similar to domestic goods, then existing clusters become more densely packed with similar goods. This approach to studying the effects of imports on product variety is applied to the market for milling machine tools in Britain. Copyright 1988 by Royal Economic Society.
Teachers and Inclusion Perspectives on Changing Roles

This study investigated preschool special education teachers' evolving views of their changing needs and responsibilities during their first year as community-based consulting teachers. The study tracked the perspectives of these formerly classroom-based teachers throughout their first year as consulting teachers facilitating inclusion into community settings of children from ages 3 to 5 with disabilities. The study employed a qualitative design using a focus group format with meetings four times throughout the year. The results indicated that participants became much more specific in articulating their roles and needs as they gained experience. The participants also indicated that management of the classroom inclusion process was one of their critical roles, in addition to acting as a support and referral source for community childcare providers. The results suggest that systems for providing training, resources, and support to teachers moving to consulting roles will be most effective if they are both f...
Probabilistic Approaches to Examining Linguistic Features of Test Items and Their Effect on the Performance of English Language Learners

This article addresses validity and fairness in the testing of English language learners (ELLs)—students in the United States who are developing English as a second language. It discusses limitations of current approaches to examining the linguistic features of items and their effect on the performance of ELL students. The article submits that these limitations stem from the fact that current ELL testing practices are not effective in addressing three basic notions on the nature of language and the linguistic features of test items: (a) language is a probabilistic phenomenon, (b) the linguistic features of test items are multidimensional and interconnected, and (c) each test item has a unique set of linguistic affordances and constraints. Along with the limitations of current testing practices, for each notion, the article discusses evidence of the effectiveness of several probabilistic approaches to examining the linguistic features of test items in ELL testing.
Three-amino acid Extension Loop Homeodomain Proteins Meis2 and TGIF Differentially Regulate Transcription

Three-amino acid extension loop (TALE) homeobox proteins are highly conserved transcription regulators. We report that two members of this family, Meis2 and TGIF, which frequently have overlapping consensus binding sites on complementary DNA strands in opposite orientations, can function competitively. For example, in theD1A gene, which encodes the predominant dopamine receptor in the striatum, Meis2 and TGIF bind to the activator sequence ACT (−1174 to −1154) and regulate transcription differentially in a cell type-specific manner. Among the five cloned splice variants of Meis2, isoforms Meis2a–d activate theD1A promoter in most cell types tested, whereas TGIF competes with Meis2 binding to DNA and represses Meis2-induced transcription activation. Consequently, Meis2 cannot activate theD1A promoter in a cell that has abundant TGIF expression. The Meis2 message is highly co-localized with the D1A message in adult striatal neurons, whereas TGIF is barely detectable in the adult brain. Our observations provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that Meis2 and TGIF differentially regulate their target genes. Thus, the delicate ratio between Meis2 and TGIF expression in a given cell type determines the cell-specific expression of theD1A gene. We also found that splice variant Meis2e, which has a truncated homeodomain, cannot bind to theD1A ACT sequence or activate transcription. However, Meis2e is an effective dominant negative regulator by blocking Meis2d-induced transcription activation. Thus, truncated homeoproteins with no DNA binding domains can have important regulatory functions.
On the Stability-Scalability Tradeoff of DHT Deployment

Distributed hash tables (DHTs) provide efficient data naming and location with simple hash-table-like primitives, upon which sophisticated distributed applications can be built. DHT users provide free but unstable peer-to-peer (P2P) capacity. With stable DHT nodes being relatively scarce, a DHT can either rely on a small set of stable nodes with limited collective capacity, or a larger set of potentially less stable nodes and suffer maintenance and data redundancy overhead. In this paper, we provide an analytical model that captures the tradeoff between the stability and the scalability in DHT-based P2P systems. We use the model to demonstrate that the DHT throughput can be optimized through careful engineering of DHT node selection and data redundancy parameters.
Adaptation to sublethal environmental stresses protects Listeria monocytogenes against lethal preservation factors.

A sublethal dose of ethanol (5%, vol/vol), acid (HCl, pH 4.5 to 5.0), H2O2 (500 ppm), or NaCl (7%, wt/vol) was added to a Listeria monocytogenes culture at the exponential phase, and the cells were allowed to grow for 1 h. Exponential-phase cells also were heat shocked at 45 degrees C for 1 h. The stress-adapted cells were then subjected to the following factors at the indicated lethal levels--NaCl (25%, wt/vol), ethanol (17.5%, vol/vol), hydrogen peroxide (0.1%, wt/vol), acid (pH 3.5), and starvation on 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 (up to 300 h). Viable counts of the pathogen, after the treatment, were determined on Trypticase soy agar-yeast extract, and survivor plots were constructed. The area (h.log10 CFU/ml) between the control and treatment curves was calculated to represent the protective effect resulting from adaptation to the sublethal stress factor. Adaptation to pH 4.5 to 5.0 or 5% ethanol significantly (P < 0.05) increased the resistance of L. monocytogenes to lethal doses of acid, ethanol, and H2O2. Adaptation to ethanol significantly (P < 0.05) increased the resistance to 25% NaCl. When L. monocytogenes was adapted to 500 ppm of H2O2, 7% NaCl, or heat, resistance of the pathogen to 1% hydrogen peroxide increased significantly (P < 0.05). Heat shock significantly (P < 0.05) increased the resistance to ethanol and NaCl. Therefore, the occurrence of stress protection after adaptation of L. monocytogenes to environmental stresses depends on the type of stress encountered and the lethal factor applied. This "stress hardening" should be considered when current food processing technologies are modified or new ones are developed.
Modeling Documents by Combining Semantic Concepts with Unsupervised Statistical Learning

Human-defined concepts are fundamental building-blocks in constructing knowledge bases such as ontologies. Statistical learning techniques provide an alternative automated approach to concept definition, driven by data rather than prior knowledge. In this paper we propose a probabilistic modeling framework that combines both human-defined concepts and data-driven topics in a principled manner. The methodology we propose is based on applications of statistical topic models (also known as latent Dirichlet allocation models). We demonstrate the utility of this general framework in two ways. We first illustrate how the methodology can be used to automatically tag Web pages with concepts from a known set of concepts without any need for labeled documents. We then perform a series of experiments that quantify how combining human-defined semantic knowledge with data-driven techniques leads to better language models than can be obtained with either alone.
Tourism Gentrification: The Case of New Orleans' Vieux Carre (French Quarter)

Summary. This paper examines the process of ‘tourism gentrification’ using a case study of the socio-spatial transformation of New Orleans’ Vieux Carre (French Quarter) over the past halfcentury. Tourism gentrification refers to the transformation of a middle-class neighbourhood into a relatively affluent and exclusive enclave marked by a proliferation of corporate entertainment and tourism venues. Historically, the Vieux Carre has been the home of diverse groups of people. Over the past two decades, however, median incomes and property values have increased, escalating rents have pushed out lower-income people and African Americans, and tourist attractions and large entertainment clubs now dominate much of the neighbourhood. It is argued that the changing flows of capital into the real estate market combined with the growth of tourism enhance the significance of consumption-oriented activities in residential space and encourage gentrification. The paper contests explanations that view gentrification as an expression of consumer demands, individual preferences or market laws of supply and demand. It examines how the growth of securitisation, changes in consumption and increasing dominance of large entertainment firms manifest through the development of a tourism industry in New Orleans, giving gentrification its own distinct dynamic and local quality.
Biological risk factors in late life depression

A number of biological risk factors have been tentatively identified for unipolar and bipolar disorder in the elderly. The list includes genetic factors as well as medical illness in general and vascular disease in particular. Most of these risk factors have been identified on the basis of cross sectional studies rather than longitudinal studies. There is a need for long term epidemiologic and prevention studies (in the case of modifiable risk factors). The modifiable risk factors include medical illness in general and vascular disease in particular. An example is the use of antidepressants following stroke to prevent the onset of depression. Of particular interest is the role of vascular risk factors and MRI changes suggesting subtle cerebrovascular disease in the development of depression and bipolar disorder in late life. The changes have been established using both clinical samples and in the case of depression in cross sectional epidemiologic samples. The location of these cerebrovascular changes has contributed to our understanding of the regions of the brain implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Further longitudinal and preventive studies are needed to conclusively demonstrate these as biological risk factors.
Individual differences in posttraumatic stress disorder symptom profiles in Holocaust survivors in concentration camps or in hiding

Symptom patterns were compared between Holocaust survivors in concentration camp (n = 70) and those who were in “hiding” (n = 30) during the war. The impact of age at the time of the trauma, gender, and cumulative lifetime stress, and the effect of each of these variables controlling for the others, on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were also evaluated. A significant negative relationship between age at the time of the trauma and symptoms of psychogenic amnesia, hypervigilence and emotional detachment, and a positive correlation between age and intrusive thoughts, were observed. Cumulative lifetime stress was positively associated with symptoms of avoidance. The study provides the first empirical data regarding the factors that potentially explain individual differences in PTSD symptom patterns in Holocaust survivors.
Membrane-bending proteins

Cellular membranes can assume a number of highly dynamic shapes. Many cellular processes also require transient membrane deformations. Membrane shape is determined by the complex interactions of proteins and lipids. A number of families of proteins that directly bend membranes have been identified. Most associate transiently with membranes and deform them. These proteins work by one or more of three types of mechanisms. First, some bend membranes by inserting amphipathic domains into one of the leaflets of the bilayer; increasing the area of only one leaflet causes the membrane to bend. Second, some proteins form a rigid scaffold that deforms the underlying membrane or stabilizes an already bent membrane. Third, some proteins may deform membranes by clustering lipids or by affecting lipid ordering in membranes. Still other proteins may use novel but poorly understood mechanisms. In this review, we summarize what is known about how different families of proteins bend membranes.
Phylotranscriptomics to Bring the Understudied into the Fold: Monophyletic Ostracoda, Fossil Placement, and Pancrustacean Phylogeny

An ambitious, yet fundamental goal for comparative biology is to understand the evolutionary relationships for all of life. However, many important taxonomic groups have remained recalcitrant to inclusion into broader scale studies. Here, we focus on collection of 9 new 454 transcriptome data sets from Ostracoda, an ancient and diverse group with a dense fossil record, which is often undersampled in broader studies. We combine the new transcriptomes with a new morphological matrix (including fossils) and existing expressed sequence tag, mitochondrial genome, nuclear genome, and ribosomal DNA data. Our analyses lead to new insights into ostracod and pancrustacean phylogeny. We obtained support for three epic pancrustacean clades that likely originated in the Cambrian: Oligostraca (Ostracoda, Mystacocarida, Branchiura, and Pentastomida); Multicrustacea (Copepoda, Malacostraca, and Thecostraca); and a clade we refer to as Allotriocarida (Hexapoda, Remipedia, Cephalocarida, and Branchiopoda). Within the Oligostraca clade, our results support the unresolved question of ostracod monophyly. Within Multicrustacea, we find support for Thecostraca plus Copepoda, for which we suggest the name Hexanauplia. Within Allotriocarida, some analyses support the hypothesis that Remipedia is the sister taxon to Hexapoda, but others support Branchiopoda+ Cephalocarida as the sister group of hexapods. In multiple different analyses, we see better support for equivocal nodes using slow-evolving genes or when excluding distant outgroups, highlighting the increased importance of conditional data combination in this age of abundant, often anonymous data. However, when we analyze the same set of species and ignore rate of gene evolution, we find higher support when including all data, more in line with a “total evidence” philosophy. By concatenating molecular and morphological data, we place pancrustacean fossils in the phylogeny, which can be used for studies of divergence times in Pancrustacea, Arthropoda, or Metazoa. Our results and new data will allow for attributes of Ostracoda, such as its amazing fossil record and diverse biology, to be leveraged in broader scale comparative studies. Further, we illustrate how adding extensive next-generation sequence data from understudied groups can yield important new phylogenetic insights into long-standing questions, especially when carefully analyzed in combination with other data.
Economic evaluation of energy's environmental costs with special reference to air pollution.

It is notoriously difficult to identify, still more so to measure, all of the environmental impacts of energy production and use (1-3). Only very foolish or very daring people would wish to go further, to evaluate the impacts. Leaving the reader to judge in which category we belong, this is precisely what we propose to do, with certain qualifications. The most important of these is reflected in the title: the emphasis on effects on air quality. Others are noted as we go along. A question might also be raised as to why a study along these lines is needed, since Economic Costs of Energy-Related Environmental Pollution, by Lave & Silverman (4), appeared in the first volume of the Annual Review of Energy. The answers involve a number of differences between the stu�:lies. Discussion of these differences motivates our effort and also reveals its structure and scope. In the first place we focus on air quality. There are several reasons for this, most importantly the level of public concern and the intimate relation-
Weak Analyticity and R(K,E)

Let be compact and E ⊆ K be m 2-measurable. Assume f has sufficient regularity: for some 2 < p  ∞ is enough. We show that f σ R(K,E) iff ∂f = 0 a.e. [m 2] on the set of nonpeak points of R(K,E), where . The function algebras R(K,E) generalize those of R(K). We also give an independent characterization of the peak points of R(K,E) analogous to Melnikov's criterion for R(K).
Efficient photon sorter in a high-dimensional state space

An increase in the dimension of state space for quantum key distribution (QKD) candecrease its fidelity requirements while also increasing its bandwidth. A significant ob-stacle for QKD with qudits (d ≥ 3) has been an efficient and practical quantum statesorter for photons whose complex fields are modulated in both amplitude and phase.We propose such a sorter based on a multiplexed thick hologram, constructed e.g. fromphoto-thermal refractive (PTR) glass. We validate this approach using coupled-modetheory with parameters consistent with PTR glass to simulate a holographic sorter. Themodel assumes a three-dimensional state space spanned by three tilted planewaves. Theutility of such a sorter for broader quantum information processing applications can besubstantial.
DNA−CNT Interactions and Gating Mechanism Using MD and DFT

DNA molecules are able to wrap carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in water solution, thus merging advantages of DNA chemistry with CNT physics as a natural way to design sensor devices. Using electrical means, a reversible semiconductor−metallic behavior has been found in CNT−DNA hybrid structures. Classical molecular dynamics simulations of the CNT−DNA wrapping process are performed. Then, structural conformations are analyzed by first-principles electronic structure methods; we correlate our results with previous experimental reports on carbon−DNA complexes, providing complementary information to understand better their electrical behavior.
Widespread distribution of some estuarine crustaceans (Cyathura polita, Chiridotea almyra, Almyracuma proximoculi) in the limnetic zone of the lower Hudson River, New York

From June through September 1983, a survey was conducted to document the occurrence, abundance and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in the main channel, Hudson River Estuary. The survey was restricted to a 118-km reach of the limnetic zone from just below Albany to New Hamburg, New York. Results indicated that two crustacean species,Cyathura polita (Stimpson) andChiridotea almyra Bowman, are widely distributed and common throughout the limnetic zone, including areas more than 100 km upstream from the northernmost(=most upstream) intrusion of ocean-derived brackish water.Almyracuma proximoculi Jones and Burbanck was much less common, but also was found in areas well removed from any brackish-water influences. All three species previously have been thought to occur primarily in estuarine waters with at least some salinity. We could find no evidence to suggest that non-ocean derived sources were supplementing the levels of dissolved ions in the river water or sediments. Therefore, it appears that all three species have established permant populations in a truly freshwater habitat.
High-Resolution Electron Spectroscopy of Gas-Phase Metal-Aromatic Complexes.

High-resolution electron spectroscopy combines pulsed field ionization zero-electron kinetic energy (ZEKE) detection with in situ laser-assisted synthesis and supersonic expansion. The technique offers sub-meV spectral resolution for the electron spectra of metal complexes and is a powerful tool to study their bonding and structures. This Perspective presents recent progress in single-photon ZEKE spectroscopy of metal−aromatic complexes and focuses on the determination of the electron spin multiplicities, metal binding sites and modes, rotational conformers, and conformational changes of these critical species in organometallic chemistry.
Neurologic Disease Caused By Haemophilus Somnus

Haemophilus somnus is an important cause of neurologic disease in young cattle. Controversy exists over the taxonomic classification of this organism, but the name has persisted. Although the clinical signs and postmortem findings have been well described, the epidemiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. With early detection, the disease can be successfully treated with antimicrobial therapy. Prevention of the disease may be possible with commercial bacterins.
A Mixture Model of Errors in Twin Education Reports

Measurement error is a potential problem with estimating the wage effect associated with first-differences in twin's education levels. To account for this, Ashenfelter and Rouse (1998) provided two reports of each twin's education level. One is the own report and the second is the sibling's report. This paper uses recent results on finite mixture models (Adams (2016)), to show this may be enough information to identify the underlying true education level without requiring additive measurement errors. The estimated returns to education are shown to be either the same or below the IV estimates presented in Ashenfelter and Rouse (1998). The strong parametric restrictions of the IV or "classical measurement error" approach may overestimate returns to education by up to 21%.
Progress in Research on Conductive and Ferromagnetic Fillers in Electromagnetic Coatings

The electromagnetic properties of the fillers have direct effect on the shielding effectiveness of the corresponding coatings.Thus the current status and progress in the research of several typical fillers used in electromagnetic coatings,including metallic and nonmetallic fillers,electrically conducting and ferromagnetic composite materials,and nanopowder and nanofibrous fillers,were reviewed.The developmental trend of the electromagnetic materials was also predicted.
Factors affecting the nutritional quality of wild vegetable in Eastern Liaoning

The dominant factor which affect nutritional quality of wild vegetable in eastern-Liaoning were discussed by employing the methods of quantification depending on mass investigations and studies. The results are the follows1 The sequence of dominant factor affecting the content of carotenioid in immature stem and leaf of three types of wild vegetableis1 Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Seem:to.tal nitrogen Alkaline hydrolysisi nitrogentotal phosphorusgradient rapidly available phosphorus slope aspect slope position the maximum content combination is downhill and cloudy slope2 Aralia elata seem Alkaline hydrolysisi nitrogen slope aspect gradi.ent region rapidly available potassium, the maximum content combination is Huanren region and sunny slope3 Spuriopimpinella brachycarpa total nitrogenforest typeslopepositionrapidlyavailable phosphorusrapidlyavailable potassiumslope aspectto.tal phosphorus Alkaline hydrolysisi nitrogen the maximum content combination is under artifical forest and uphill and sunny slope(2The sequence of dominant factor affecting the content of Vc in immature stem and leaf of three mild vegetables isvariety Alkaline hydrolysisi nitrogen slope aspect forest type slope position gradient the maximum content combination is pure forest of variety and Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Seem and uphill and cloudy slope.
Bose Einstein Condensation of Sodium Atoms in a TOP Trap

We have achieved Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) [1,2] of Na atoms in an anisotropic TOP trap [3]. Our TOP trap has a bias field that rotates (at 20 kHz) in a plane containing the symmetry access of the quadrapole field, resulting in an anisotropic, time-averaged TOP potential with spring constants in the ratio of 1:2:4. A dark spot MOT is loaded from a Zeeman-cooled Na beam and the cloud of atoms are cooled in dark optical molasses. This produces a sample of −1010 atoms, mainly in the F = 1 hyperfine ground state at a temperature of −100 pK. We transfer about 1/3 of these atoms into a static quadrapole trap, trapping the F = 1, mF=−1 state. The quadrapole trap is stiffened to 1000 G/cm to increase the Na density and evaporated for 3 seconds with a linearly swept rf field. The TOP field is then turned on quickly to 150 G, producing a weak TOP trap. Further evaporation is performed by reducing the TOP field to 20 G, bringing in the "circle of death." This 15 second evaporation period is followed by 10 seconds of rf induced evaporation, with BEC occuring at a temperature of ~1 μK, producing a condensate of ~3×106 atoms. By subsequently adiabatically expanding the trapping potential, we have reduced the temperature to −50 nK.
The need for model generation and validation in craniofacial prosthodontics: a feasibility study

This paper reports case studies that demonstrate the problems facing the maxillofacial prosthodontist. Such cases can benefit from 3-D modeling and the use of rapid prototyping.
Studies on the Influence of T Cells in Antibody Production

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses studies on the influence of T cells in antibody production. Evidence is now available for the involvement of at least two lymphoid cell types in antibody responses to some heterologous erythrocytes and serum proteins. Studies on immunological tolerance and carrier–hapten relationships strongly suggest that antigenic reactivity is a property of both cell types. Antibody secretion has been demonstrated only in cells derived directly or after a period of maturation (in a site other than the thymus), from cells in the bone marrow. The site of origin of these cells (B cells) is presumably homologous to the bursa of Fabricius in chickens. Thymus-influenced cells (T cells, thymus-dependent cells, thymus-derived cells) facilitate total antibody production in the B-cell lineage. The chapter presents studies focusing on theta alloantigen as a marker for T cells. Further, the influence of treatment with anti-theta on the in vitro response of spleen cells from neonatally thymectomized mice to SRBC was also discussed. Influence of thymectomy on IgM and IgG antibody production to SRBC and the synthetic polypeptide (T, G)-A-L was also described.
Electromechanical wave imaging (EWI) validation in all four cardiac chambers with 3D electroanatomic mapping in canines in vivo

Characterization and mapping of arrhythmias is currently performed through invasive insertion and manipulation of cardiac catheters. Electromechanical wave imaging (EWI) is a non-invasive ultrasound-based imaging technique, which tracks the electromechanical activation that immediately follows electrical activation. Electrical and electromechanical activations were previously found to be linearly correlated in the left ventricle, but the relationship has not yet been investigated in the three other chambers of the heart. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between electrical and electromechanical activations and validate EWI in all four chambers of the heart with conventional 3D electroanatomical mapping. Six (n = 6) normal adult canines were used in this study. The electrical activation sequence was mapped in all four chambers of the heart, both endocardially and epicardially using the St Jude's EnSite 3D mapping system (St. Jude Medical, Secaucus, NJ). EWI acquisitions were performed in all four chambers during normal sinus rhythm, and during pacing in the left ventricle. Isochrones of the electromechanical activation were generated from standard echocardiographic imaging views. Electrical and electromechanical activation maps were co-registered and compared, and electrical and electromechanical activation times were plotted against each other and linear regression was performed for each pair of activation maps. Electromechanical and electrical activations were found to be directly correlated with slopes of the correlation ranging from 0.77 to 1.83, electromechanical delays between 9 and 58 ms and R 2 values from 0.71 to 0.92. The linear correlation between electrical and electromechanical activations and the agreement between the activation maps indicate that the electromechanical activation follows the pattern of propagation of the electrical activation. This suggests that EWI may be used as a novel non-invasive method to accurately characterize and localize sources of arrhythmias.
Carotid artery stenosis in hypertensive rats impairs dilatory pathways in parenchymal arterioles

The present study assessed the structure and function of parenchymal arterioles in a model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and hypertension, both of which are risk factors for cognitive impairmen...
Sustainability in the AAP Bronchiolitis Quality Improvement Project.

Background and objectives Adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) bronchiolitis clinical practice guideline recommendations improved significantly through the AAP's multiinstitutional collaborative, the Bronchiolitis Quality Improvement Project (BQIP). We assessed sustainability of improvements at participating institutions for 1 year following completion of the collaborative. Methods Twenty-one multidisciplinary hospital-based teams provided monthly data for key inpatient bronchiolitis measures during baseline and intervention bronchiolitis seasons. Nine sites provided data in the season following completion of the collaborative. Encounters included children younger than 24 months who were hospitalized for bronchiolitis without comorbid chronic illness, prematurity, or intensive care. Changes between baseline-, intervention-, and sustainability-season data were assessed using generalized linear mixed-effects models with site-specific random effects. Differences between hospital characteristics, baseline performance, and initial improvement between sites that did and did not participate in the sustainability season were compared. Results A total of 2275 discharges were reviewed, comprising 995 baseline, 877 intervention, and 403 sustainability- season encounters. Improvements in all key bronchiolitis quality measures achieved during the intervention season were maintained during the sustainability season, and orders for intermittent pulse oximetry increased from 40.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.8-61.1) to 79.2% (95% CI, 58.0- 91.3). Sites that did and did not participate in the sustainability season had similar characteristics. Discussion BQIP participating sites maintained improvements in key bronchiolitis quality measures for 1 year following the project's completion. This approach, which provided an evidence-based best-practice toolkit while building the quality-improvement capacity of local interdisciplinary teams, may support performance gains that persist beyond the active phase of the collaborative.
Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Recalled Exposure to and Self-Reported Impact of Tobacco Marketing and Promotions.

The role of tobacco marketing in tobacco use, particularly among the vulnerable ethnic and socioeconomic sub-populations is a regulatory priority of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. There cur...
Entrainment, theory of mind, and prosociality in child musicians:

In this study, we tracked the development of rhythmic entrainment, prosociality, and theory of mind skills in children attending music and sports programs and in a control group over the course of ...
An approximate 0-1 edge-labeling algorithm for constrained bin-packing problem

This paper describes a constrained bin-packing problem (CBPP) and an approximate, anytime algorithm for solutions. A CBPP is a constrained version of the bin-packing problem, in which a set of items allocated to a bin are ordered in a way to satisfy constraints defined on them and achieve near-optimality. The algorithm for CBPP uses a heuristic search for labeling edges with a binary value, together with a beam search and constraint propagation. Some experimental results are provided. This algorithm has been successfully applied to industrial-scale scheduling problems.
Innovationen als Basis der nächsten Industrierevolution

Funf technologische Innovationen, die sich unabhangig voneinander entwickelt haben, treten in Wechselwirkung und Resonanz und bilden die Basis fur signifikante Veranderung: Wie betreiben Industrien Wertschopfung (von der Entwicklung uber die Produktion bis zum Vertrieb und Produktsupport)? Welche Kernprozesse, Fahigkeiten und Kompetenzen sind dazu notig? Und welche neuen Partnerschaften mussen dafur entwickelt werden? Wettbewerbsmodelle auf Basis dieser technologischen Innovationen unterscheiden sich grundlegend von den aktuellen Modellen. Diese werden durch leistungsfahigere Modelle abgelost. Damit werden gesamte Industrien und deren Wertschopfungsketten neu definiert. Neue Player und Wettbewerber entstehen. Neue Anforderungen an alle Beteiligten ergeben sich. Die skizzierten Veranderungen haben Potential fur evolutionare und auch disruptive Veranderungen, fur Evolution und Revolution. Die Voraussetzungen dazu wurden durch technologische Innovationen gesetzt, die erfolgreiche Umsetzung erfolgt uber die Transformation gesamter Unternehmen, Industrien und Wirtschaftsstandorte.
The Coming of the Machines: 1918–1945

The volume of cipher traffic that was made possible by radio showed the need for vastly increased security, speed and accuracy in both enciphering and deciphering messages. The use of mechanical and electromechanical machines to do the encipherment was a logical outgrowth of this need. The first electromechanical rotor cipher machines began to appear right after World War I and the next three decades saw their steady improvement in both complexity and speed. The Enigma, the Typex and the M-134C/SIGABA were the epitome of these machines and the efforts to create and cryptanalyze them led us into the computer age. This chapter examines the history of cipher machines in the 20th century and looks in some detail at the cryptographic construction of the Enigma and the M-134C/SIGABA.
Approximation in the mean by rational functions

For $1\le t < \infty$, a compact subset $K\subset\mathbb C$, and a finite positive measure $\mu$ supported on $K$, $R^t(K, \mu)$ denotes the closure in $L^t(\mu)$ of rational functions with poles off $K$. Let $\text{abpe}(R^t(K, \mu))$ denote the set of analytic bounded point evaluations. The objective of this paper is to describe the structure of $R^t(K, \mu)$. In the work of Thomson on describing the closure in $L^t(\mu)$ of analytic polynomials, $P^t(\mu)$, the existence of analytic bounded point evaluations plays critical roles, while $\text{abpe}(R^t(K, \mu))$ may be empty. We introduce the concept of non-removable boundary $\mathcal F$ such that the removable set $\mathcal R = K\setminus \mathcal F$ contains $\text{abpe}(R^t(K, \mu))$. Recent remarkable developments in analytic capacity and Cauchy transform provide us the necessary tools to describe $\mathcal F$ and obtain structural results for $R^t(K, \mu)$. Assume that $R^t(K, \mu)$ does not have a direct $L^t$ summand. Let $H^\infty_{\mathcal R}(\mathcal L^2_{\mathcal R})$ be the weak$^*$ closure in $L^\infty (\mathcal L^2_{\mathcal R})$ of the functions that are bounded analytic off compact subsets of $\mathcal F$, where $\mathcal L^2_{\mathcal R}$ denotes the planar Lebesgue measure restricted to $\mathcal R$. We prove that the identity map ($r\rightarrow r$, $r$ is a rational function with poles off $K$) extends an isometric isomorphism and a weak$^*$ homeomorphism from $R^t(K, \mu)\cap L^\infty(\mu )$ onto $H^\infty_{\mathcal R}(\mathcal L^2_{\mathcal R })$. Consequently, we show that a decomposition theorem (Main Theorem II) of $R^t(K, \mu)$ holds for an arbitrary compact subset $K$ and a finite positive measure $\mu$ supported on $K$, which extends the central results regarding $P^t(\mu)$.
Ontology, Epistemology, Methodology, and Methods: Information for Librarian Researchers

This article will help librarians understand how different philosophical stances influence the process of developing a research question and the different methodologies and methods available to help answer that question. Understanding this will help librarian researchers make appropriate choices regarding methods and methodology for the research questions they are seeking to answer. Also included is a table showing the two main types of inquiry (qualitative and quantitative) with their associated methodologies and methods, the basic assumptions underlying each, and the pros and cons of each methodology.
The Political-Military Foundations of China’s Global Ascendency

In recent years China has positioned itself as a global economic leader, working through its “Belt and Road” initiative (BRI) and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), to not only expand its global economic reach, but to organize and lead global economic relations. China’s rise is largely understood in economic terms, but the history of global power dynamics suggests that such leadership is built on both economic and political-military foundations. This paper explores the structural relationship between China’s economic and political-military relationships with other states over the period 1993 to 2015. Drawing on a wide variety of data sources, we present a multi-dimensional analysis that measures the changing size of China’s economic and political-military networks, their shifting regional distribution, and the degree of coupling, or decoupling of economic ties from political-military ties. In describing these patterns, we conduct a similar analysis for the United States. This allows us to situate Chinese trends in the context of the structures of U.S. global power. Our analysis points to ways in which China’s global rise has been shaped through navigating U.S. global power. Our analysis also shows that China’s growing leadership in the global economy builds upon a set of existing political-military relationships that, while their scope and form are quite different from those that the United States built to support its hegemonic ascendency, are nevertheless critical for understanding the mechanisms by which Chinese power and influence has grown in the global political economy.
Crystal structure of cis-[Ru(bpy)2{PMe(o-tol)2}Cl+][ClO- 4]: Steric effects in some PMen(o-tol)3-n (n = 1-3) derivatives of ruthenium(II)

The complex cis-[Ru(bpy)2{PMe(o-tol)2}Cl+][ClO− 4] crystallizes in space group P21/c witha = 9.375(2) A, b = 22.019(7) A, c = 16.153(4) A, β = 90.83(2)°, V = 3333.9(16) A3 and D(calc'd) = 1.547 g/cm3 for Z = 4. The Ru-PMe(o-tol)2 bond length of 2.357(3) A is significantly longer than distances of Ru-PMe2(o-tol) = 2.324(2) A and Ru-PMe3 = 2.310(2) A in analogous complexes. The corresponding Ru-P(o-tol)3 complex has eluded synthesis, probably due to steric hindrance.
Accessibility and Disability Services in Virginia’s Four-Year Academic Libraries: A Content Analysis of Library Webpages

Academic libraries serve a wide range of students, faculty, and staff with diverse needs for library accessibility, including people with temporary and chronic disabilities. The social model of disability frames an approach to library support for this population that is grounded in social justice and the library’s role in minimizing barriers to library access. Promoting accessible library services and spaces via the library’s website is an important component. This study analyzed the library websites of forty Virginia four-year academic institutions to identify current practices in the state for including an accessibility or disability services webpage or online policy statement. This content was found on eleven library websites. Naming conventions, location in the site architecture, and an analysis of content were explored. Based on this analysis, the authors conclude with two sets of recommendations for libraries wishing to edit or create their own accessibility services page for their website.