cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Paradox of Riskless Warfare

Riskless warfare, which increasingly characterizes U.S. military policy, pushes up against the limits of the traditional moral justification of combat. Without the reciprocal imposition of risk, warfare must become policing, which requires different rules of engagement and different institutions to control the decision to use force.
A dual-frequency 183/380 GHz receiver for airborne application

A complete dual-frequency cryogenic heterodyne receiver operating at 183 and 380 GHz is described. The cooled mixers are whisker-contacted GaAs Schottky diodes mounted in reduced-height fundamental-mode waveguide. The local oscillators are Gunn-oscillator-driven multipliers using GaAs varactor diodes as the harmonic generators. Quasi-optical techniques are used extensively for coupling the remote and local oscillator signals into the mixers. The overall system double side-band noise temperature is 320 K for the 183-GHz receiver and 650 K for the 380 GHz receiver. >
Prolonged neutropenia in a novel mouse granulocyte colony-stimulating factor neutralizing auto-immunoglobulin G mouse model

Therapeutic use of recombinant human cytokines in humans can result in the generation of drug-specific antibodies. To predetermine the maximum potential effects of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) neutralizing auto-immunoglobulin G (auto-IgG) response during recombinant human G-CSF therapy, we developed a mouse model of mouse G-CSF (mG-CSF) neutralizing auto-IgG response. Mice were immunized and boosted with mG-CSF chemically conjugated to either keyhole limpet hemocyanin or ovalbumin on an alternating schedule. Sera were analyzed for mG-CSF-specific titers and full blood counts were performed on a Technicon H-1E. On day 252, tissues were collected for histology. IgG was protein A affinity purified from pooled mG-CSF autoimmune sera. Mice immunized with mG-CSF conjugates produced mG-CSF-specific auto-IgG responses that lasted for the length of the study. Significant neutropenia (p(max) < 0.004) was concurrent with the rise in mG-CSF-specific IgG titers. However, neutrophil counts remained at approximately 20% of preimmunization levels through day 252. Endogenous mG-CSF neutralizing auto-IgG had no significant effect on hemoglobin, erythrocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil, and platelet counts, and had minor, transient, or no effects on monocyte counts. Bone marrow colony assays from mG-CSF autoimmune mice demonstrated no significant effect of G-CSF neutralization on the numbers or proliferative capacity of preneutrophil lineage progenitors. Purified IgG from mG-CSF autoimmune mice neutralized mG-CSF in vitro. High-titer G-CSF neutralizing auto-IgG in adult mice partially inhibited steady-state granulopoiesis and had little or no effect on steady-state levels of other hematopoietic cells.
Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.

Reigning measures of psychological well-being have little theoretical grounding, despite an extensive literature on the contours of positive functioning. Aspects of well-being derived from this literature (i.e., self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth) were operationalized. Three hundred and twenty-one men and women, divided among young, middle-aged, and older adults, rated themselves on these measures along with six instruments prominent in earlier studies (i.e., affect balance, life satisfaction, self-esteem, morale, locus of control, depression). Results revealed that positive relations with others, autonomy, purpose in life, and personal growth were not strongly tied to prior assessment indexes, thereby supporting the claim that key aspects of positive functioning have not been represented in the empirical arena. Furthermore, age profiles revealed a more differentiated pattern of well-being than is evident in prior research.
First-principles study of the structure of Mg/Nb multilayers

The magnesium (Mg) phase characterized within Mg/Nb multilayers can adopt either a body-centered cubic (bcc-Mg) or hexagonal close packed (hcp-Mg) structure, depending on the Mg layer thickness. Using first-principles density functional theory, we find that bcc-Mg has a similar weight density of hcp-Mg, lower Young's modulus, and higher shear modulus than hcp-Mg, and the same conventional slip systems as the bcc structure. A simple theoretical model is developed to predict the structural stability of both the bcc-Mg/Nb and hcp-Mg/Nb multilayers. It shows that the bcc-Mg/Nb multilayer is energetically favorable when the bcc-Mg layer is less than 4.2 nm.
Growth of the Eastern Atlantic squid, Loligo forbesi Steenstrup (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)

Abstract. Loligo forbesi Steenstrup is a commercially and biomedically important species raneing from Scotland to North Africa and from the Azores Islands in the central Atlantic east through the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea. Eggs were collected from Plymouth. England and from the Azores and the hatchlings were reared to adult size in recirculating seawater systems. Growth data were obtained primarily from mortalities during the course of three culture experiments which lasted 360, 240 and 480 days. Loligo forbesi hatched at a size of 5–9mg (3.0–4.6mm mantle length, ML) and grew to a maximum size of 124g (155 mm ML) in 413 days. In all experiments, growth was exponential in form for at least the first 3 months at rales of 5.8, 5.1 and 3.6% body weight per day (BW/d) at mean temperatures of 14.1, 14.0 and 13.1°C respectively. In one short-term experiment, month-old squids grew at 8.0% BW/d at 17.4°C. Growth beyond 3 months was slower and either logarithmic (as described by the power function) or exponential in form. Growth rates gradually declined to 1–2% BW/d, Analyses of mantle length growth confirmed the wet weight results. There was no evidence of sexual dimorphism in the laboratory populations, which were of small size, and the length-weight (L-W) relationships were found to be similar to those of field populations. Growth rates during the exponential growth phase appeared very sensitive to temperature, with a 1°C difference changing growth rate by 2% BW/d and producing a three-fold difference in weight at 90 days post-hatching. These dramatic effects of temperature on adult size and lifespan in nature are discussed. It is hypothesized that the small size of mature laboratory-reared squids was due to low culture temperatures during the first 3 months.
Distorted momentum distributions from quasi-elastic proton-proton scattering in carbon at 160 MeV

Abstract We have measured the quasi-elastic reaction 12 C(p, 2p) 11 B (159.6 MeV) in a way designed to study the dependence of cross section on the recoil momentum of the residual nucleus, predicted by the “knock-out” model. Specifically, the usual “coplanar-symmetric” experiment has been extended to include events in which the energies of the outgoing protons are not equal; thus cases in which the primary p-p interaction is non-collinear are observed. The distorted momentum distributions of p- and s-state protons calculated from cross sections measured over a wide range of outgoing proton energies and angles are in general quite consistent. On the other hand, certain distortions of the momentum distributions are evident; these may be due to refraction of waves at the nuclear surface. The overall reduction of cross section due to absorptive effects is in reasonable agreement with several predictions. The fraction of events leading to certain low-lying excited states of the residual 11 B nucleus is estimated.
Effects of calcium channel inhibitors on ethanol effects and pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers

Abstract Previous studies have shown that calcium channel antagonists alter the effects of alcohol in animals and humans. We selected a phenylalkylamine, verapamil, and a dihydropyridine, nimodipine, to determine whether these drugs would affect the subjective or psychomotor effects of ethanol in humans. Subjects ingested verapamil (80 mg, PO), nimodipine (30 and 60 mg, PO), or placebo 60 min before drinking an alcohol (0.7 g/kg) or placebo beverage. Subjects' mood, psychomotor performance, physiological status, and blood alcohol levels were assessed up to 3 h after beverage ingestion. Alcohol increased "drunk" ratings and impaired psychomotor performance ( p
Benedetto Bordon, Miniator, and cartography in early sixteenth‐century venice

Abstract This paper surveys the career of Benedetto Bordon as a miniaturist, designer of woodcuts, and cartographer. Although from Padua, Bordon worked primarily in Venice where he illuminated religious and classical texts and official ducal documents destined for Venetian noblemen. The writer argues that Bordon designed woodcut illustrations for books printed by Aldus Manutius and others, in addition to the woodcut maps in his 1528 book on islands in the MediteiTanean, Atlantic, and Caribbean. Bordon's lost world map of 1508 is discussed in relation to the map‐making activities of Francesco Rosselli, the Florentine miniaturist and engraver who was in Venice in 1504 and 1508, and in relation to a circle of Venetian scholars and patricians interested in Ptolemy's Cosmographia and in the mapping of the New World.
A comparison of the behavior of Japanese and US inventories

Abstract This paper compares the cyclical and secular behavior of Japanese and US inventories at the aggregate and sectoral level, 1967–1987. While, as is well known, US inventories are sharply procyclical, Japanese inventories are only mildly procyclical. In neither country do inventory and sales move together in the long run, in the sense that the two series do not seem to be cointegrated. In Japan, but not in the US, there is a secular decline in the inventory-sales ratio.
Climate Chaos and Conflict Management

How does global climate change—now termed a “planetary emergency” by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) climatologist James Hanson—relate to our choice of methods of conflict mana...
Reducing Social Loafing in Group-Based Projects

Almost 100 years ago Ringlemann (see Kravitz and Martin 1986) put forth the concept of the “free-rider” or social loafing. He found that in a rope-pulling experiment, individuals pulled less hard w...
Mechanism of F factor-enhanced excision of transposon Tn5.

Abstract The reversion of lac ::Tn5 insertion mutations was used to examine the control of excision of the kanamycin-resistance transposon Tn5 in Escherichia coli . Earlier work which showed that the fertility factor F enhances Tn5 excision had led another group to suggest that this is due to the product of a putative transposable element-specific “recombination” gene in the F factor which can act on Tn5 located anywhere in the genome. We show, however, that Tn 5 is excised from sites in the lac operon of F' lac plasmids several orders of magnitude more efficiently than from the same sites in the chromosomes of F -t- , F + or homozygous lac ::Tn5[F lac ::Tn5] strains. Thus F enhances Tn5 excision, but only if F and Tn5 are in cis in the same DNA molecule. Bacterial crosses showed that transfer of F lac ::Tn5 plasmids by conjugation stimulates Tn5 excision, and that transfer is frequent even within F' populations. These results suggest that the ability of F to enhance excision is the consequence of DNA transfer in conjugation.
ETHNICITY AND SUICIDE IN THE UNITED STATES: GUEST EDITORS' INTRODUCTION

Each year in the United States approximately 30,000 individuals complete suicide, with hundreds of thousands of often unreported attempts. Of those who complete suicide it is estimated that about 2...
Oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins and the outcome of renal allografts at 11/2 years

Oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins and the outcome of renal allografts at 1 1 / 2 years. Background Previous studies reported a significant association between hyperlipidemia of the recipient and chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). However, the nature and the pathogenic mechanism of circulating lipid abnormalities in CAN remain unclear. Methods In a prospective study of 50 consecutive adult recipients of a cadaveric renal allograft, we investigated the impact of lipid abnormalities on the outcome of the graft at 1 1 / 2 years. Besides morphometric analysis of implantation and protocol biopsies, clinical and biochemical variables were studied at three-month intervals. Plasma concentrations of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) were determined by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemical staining for OxLDL and macrophages was performed on paired renal biopsies. Study end points were the fractional interstitial volume and the 24-hour creatinine clearance at 1 1 / 2 years. Results High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of the recipient ≤47 mg/dL was a risk factor for the functional (RR = 1.56; 95% CI, 0.978 to 2.497) and the morphological (RR = 2.75; 95% CI, 1.075 to 7.037) outcome of the graft, mainly in patients without acute rejection (RR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.13 to 3.65, and RR=4.67; 95% CI, 1.172 to 18.582, respectively). Interstitial accumulation of OxLDL was inversely associated with HDL cholesterol (R = -0.476, P = 0.019), and was associated with a higher density of tubulointerstitial macrophages (R = 0.656, P = 0.001) and a higher fractional interstitial volume at 1 1 / 2 years ( P = 0.049). Conclusion Decreased HDL cholesterol levels of the recipient adversely affect the outcome of renal allografts through the accumulation of OxLDL in the renal interstitium of the graft. Interstitial accumulation of OxLDL was associated with the presence of macrophages and the development of interstitial fibrosis.
Coordination chemistry of the nitro-terephthalate molecule, highlighting two new main group complexes

Abstract Two main group coordination compounds, Pb(NO2TA) (1) and [In(OH)(NO2TA)]·(H2O)2.99(7) (2) were grown as single crystals via hydrothermal synthesis (NO2TA = nitro-terephthalate). Coordination polymer 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, and forms a layered structure in which lead atoms are bridged or pillared by four symmetry-equivalent ligands. Framework 2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Imma and forms a 3-D material with rhombic channels along the b axis direction, which are filled with disordered water molecules.
Photoinduced charge separation in pyrenedicarboxamide-linked DNA hairpins

The synthesis and photophysical properties of the dihydroxypropylamide derivative of pyrene-1,6-dicaboxamide, its aniline dyad, and DNA conjugates are reported. The dicarboxamide serves as a hairpin linker for bis(oligonucleotide) conjugates having short base pair stems. The dihydroxypropyl derivative has a large fluorescence quantum yield and long singlet decay time, as determined by fluorescence and time-resolved broad band pump–probe spectroscopy. The aniline dyad undergoes exergonic charge separation with formation of a radical ion pair which decays via charge recombination. The highly characteristic transient absorption spectrum of the pyrene anion radical is used to monitor the dynamics of its formation and decay. The dicarboxamide-linked hairpin conjugates undergo charge separation with adjacent guanine and adenine bases. Charge separation with guanine is accompanied by efficient pyrene fluorescence quenching. In contrast, reversible charge separation with adenine results in multiple exponential fluorescence decay. The energetics and dynamics of charge separation are compared with those of other arenedicarboxamide DNA hairpin linkers.
Photoconductivity in a photocrosslinkable second-order nonlinear optical polymer

Photoconductivity measurements on a stable photocrosslinkable nonlinear optical polymer — PVCN (polyvinylcinnamate)/CNNB-R (3-cinnamoyloxy-4-[4-N,N-diethylamino)-2-cinnamoyloxy phenylazo] nitrobenzene) are reported. Photoconductivity in this polymer system, in both crosslinked and uncrosslinked states, was observed without introducing any sensitizer or carrier-transport agents. Absorption of CNNB-R (λpeak=518 nm) results in photocarrier generation and it is conjectured that CNNB-R also plays a role in the carrier transport. Such polymers are candidate materials for photorefraction.
Getting ready for crises: Strategic excellence

Abstract Results of a national survey indicate that organizations are better prepared by having a crisis plan and a crisis management team in place. However, crisis personnel often receive little individual, team, and media training for effective crisis response. Excellent communication culture positively relates to crisis preparations with respect to having a crisis plan, maintaining a crisis team, formulating comprehensive training programs, and engaging in training frequently. Excellence also predicts whether or not public relations professionals are included in a crisis management team.
Gene silencing reveals a specific function of hVps34 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in late versus early endosomes

The human type III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, hVps34, converts phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P]. Studies using inhibitors of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases have indicated that production of PtdIns(3)P is important for a variety of vesicle-mediated trafficking events, including endocytosis, sorting of receptors in multivesicular endosomes, and transport of lysosomal enzymes from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the endosomes and lysosomes. This study utilizes small interfering (si)RNA-mediated gene silencing to define the specific trafficking pathways in which hVps34 functions in human U-251 glioblastoma cells. Suppression of hVps34 expression reduced the cellular growth rate and caused a striking accumulation of large acidic phase-lucent vacuoles that contain lysosomal membrane proteins LAMP1 and LGP85. Analysis of these structures by electron microscopy suggests that they represent swollen late endosomes that have lost the capacity for inward vesiculation but retain the capacity to fuse with lysosomes. Morphological perturbation of the late endosome compartment was accompanied by a reduced rate of processing of the endosomal intermediate form of cathepsin D to the mature lysosomal form. There was also a reduction in the rate of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dephosphorylation and degradation following ligand stimulation, consistent with the retention of the EGFR on the limiting membranes of the enlarged late endosomes. By contrast, the suppression of hVps34 expression did not block trafficking of cathepsin D between the TGN and late endosomes, or endocytic uptake of fluid-phase markers, or association of a PtdIns(3)P-binding protein, EEA1, with early endosomes. LAMP1-positive vacuoles were depleted of PtdIns(3)P in the hVps34-knockdown cells, as judged by their inability to bind the PtdIns(3)P probe GFP-2xFYVE. By contrast, LAMP1-negative vesicles continued to bind GFP-2xFYVE in the knockdown cells. Overall, these findings indicate that hVps34 plays a major role in generating PtdIns(3)P for internal vesicle formation in multivesicular/late endosomes. The findings also unexpectedly suggest that other wortmannin-sensitive kinases and/or polyphosphoinositide phosphatases may be able to compensate for the loss of hVps34 and maintain PtdIns(3)P levels required for vesicular trafficking in the early endocytic pathway or the TGN.
Stereoscopic scanning electron microscopy of living Tribolium confusum

Abstract The scanning electron microscope has been used to produce stereoscopic pictures of living Tribolium confusum at magnifications up to 1300 times. The physiological implications of survival in the environment of electron beam scanning are discussed.
Bilateral Disruption of Soft Tissue Extensor Mechanism of Knee: Functional Outcome and Comparison to Unilateral Injuries

BackgroundBilateral ruptures of the extensor mechanism are rare.Questions/PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of operatively treated unilateral and bilateral knee ...
Polarization of Recoil Protons from Neutral Pion Photoproduction

The polarization of recoiling protons from the photoproduction of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ mesons on liquid hydrogen has been measured for primary photon energies between 500 and 1000 MeV over a range of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ c.m. angles from 55\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 130\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The results show structure not observed previously in experiments of less precision. In particular, the polarization at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} c.m. is close to zero at a primary photon energy of 900 MeV. Also, a strong dependence of polarization on ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ c.m. angle between 600 and 900 MeV was observed. A subsidiary measurement of the polarization of the recoil protons from elastic $e\ensuremath{-}p$ scattering at 900 MeV and ${q}^{2}=10$ ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ gave a value (1.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.0)%.
Parenting from a distance: the effects of paternal characteristics on contact between nonresidential fathers and their children.

Changes in marital and fertility behavior have influenced the role of father for many men. We use data from the first two waves of the National Survey of Families and Households to examine various sociodemographic, situational, and attitudinal characteristics that might influence the degree of contact between nonresidential fathers and their minor children. We tap two different dimensions of distance parenting and find that although several variables influence both visiting and talking on the telephone or writing letters, some factors (the presence of multiple children in a household) predict visiting only, while others (child’s age and gender) predict only verbal/written contact. Similarly, some of the life-course decisions made by fathers appear to crowd out their involvement with nonresidential children, whereas other decisions reinforce their parenting behavior.
MIMO Radarwaveform Design

Recently the radar community has been discussing "multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar" that utilizes multiple transmitters to transmit independentwaveforms. MIMO radar offers the potential for significant gains, e.g., diversity gain and spatial resolution gain. Since the employed radar waveform plays a key role in determining the accuracy, resolution, and ambiguity in performing tasks such as determining the target range, velocity, shape and so on, it is meaningful to investigate waveform design specially for this newly proposed MIMO radar. This paper summarizes some of our recent results on MIMO radar waveform design, mainly for identification and classification of extended radar targets. Our waveform design considers optimizing two criteria: maximization of the mutual information (MI) and minimization of the minimum mean-square error (MMSE). In this process, we are also interested in identifying the relationship between the waveforms obtained under the two criteria, given different a prior knowledge of the target's second-order statistics.
Discovering relationships among categories using misclassification information

Knowledge of relationships among categories is of the interest in different domains such as text classification, content analysis, and text mining. We propose and evaluate approaches to effectively identify relationships among document categories. Our proposed novel method capitalizes on the misclassification results of a text classifier to identify potential relationships among categories. We demonstrate that our system detects such relationships, even those relationships that assessors failed to identify in manual evaluation. Furthermore, we favorably compare the effectiveness of our methods with the state of art method and demonstrate a significant improvement in precision (34%) and recall (5%).
Simultaneous Dual Selective Targeted Delivery of Two Covalent Gemcitabine Immunochemotherapeutics and Complementary Anti-Neoplastic Potency of [Se]-Methylselenocysteine.

The anti-metabolite chemotherapeutic, gemcitabine is relatively effective for a spectrum of neoplastic conditions that include various forms of leukemia and adenocarcinoma/carcinoma. Rapid systemic deamination of gemcitabine accounts for a brief plasma half-life but its sustained administration is often curtailed by sequelae and chemotherapeutic-resistance. A molecular strategy that diminishes these limitations is the molecular design and synthetic production of covalent gemcitabine immunoche-motherapeutics that possess properties of selective “targeted” delivery. The simultaneous dual selective “targeted” delivery of gemcitabine at two separate sites on the external surface membrane of a single cancer cell types represents a therapeutic approach that can increase cytosol chemotherapeutic deposition; prolong chemotherapeutic plasma half-life (reduces administration frequency); minimize innocent exposure of normal tissues and healthy organ systems; and ultimately enhance more rapid and thorough resolution of neoplastic cell populations. Materials and Methods: A light-reactive gemcitabine intermediate synthesized utilizing succinimidyl 4,4-azipentanoate was covalently bound to anti-EGFR or anti-HER2/neu IgG by exposure to UV light (354-nm) resulting in the synthesis of covalent immunoche-motherapeutics, gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-EGFR] and gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu]. Cytotoxic anti-neoplastic potency of gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-EGFR] and gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] between gemcitabine-equivalent concentrations of 10-12 M and 10-6 M was determined utilizing chemotherapeutic-resistant mammary adenocarcinoma (SKRr-3). The organoselenium compound, [Se]-methylselenocysteine was evaluated to determine if it complemented the anti-neoplastic potency of the covalent gemcitabine immunoche-motherapeutics. Results: Gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-EGFR], gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] and the dual simultaneous combination of gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-EGFR] with gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] all had anti-neoplastic cytotoxic potency against mammary adenocarcinoma. Gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-EGFR] and gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] produced progressive increases in anti-neoplastic cytotoxicity that were greatest between gemcitabine-equivalent concentrations of 10-9 M and 10-6 M. Dual simultaneous combinations of gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-EGFR] with gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] produced levels of anti-neoplastic cytotoxicity intermediate between each of the individual covalent gemcitabine immunochemotherapeutics. Total anti-neoplastic cytotoxicity of the dual simultaneous combination of gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-EGFR] and gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] against chemothe-rapeutic-resistant mammary adenocarcinoma (SKBr-3) was substantially higher when formulated with [Se]-methylsele-no-cysteine.
SIR 2003 film panel case 6: hemosuccus pancreaticus secondary to chronic pancreatitis.

A 60-year-old man presented to the tertiary care hospital with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The bleeding began 8 months before admission. Examination at the community hospital included a colonoscopy, esaphagogastroduodenoscopy to the duodenal bulb, UGI, and SBFT. The studies identified a narrowed distal terminal ileum and a polyp in the right colon. No active bleeding was seen. The patient underwent a distal ileal resection and a right hemi-colectomy. Pathology identified the changes of inactive Crohn ileitis, an adenomatous polyp, a Meckel diverticulum and angiodysplasia within the cecum. The patient recovered uneventfully. Unfortunately, the lower gastrointestinal bleeding recurred with a large bleed leading to a blood pressure of 80 mm Hg systolic and Hg of 6.9. A repeat colonoscopy identified changes of Crohn disease within the distal small bowel and an additional 62 cm of distal small bowel was resected. The bleeding continued after the second surgery and the patient was transferred to the tertiary care facility. At admission to the tertiary care facility, the patient was stable. Repeat colonoscopy and upper endoscopy to the duodenal bulb was negative. No bleeding was identified. While in the hospital the patient again developed lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Arteriography was performed.
Coherent Backscattering in Multimode Optical Fibers

We investigate experimentally two counter-propagating beams that travel through multimode fibers with strong mode coupling. The interferences between waves going through time-reversed paths can enhance, and surprisingly sometimes suppress, coherent backscattering to the input mode.
Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Myocardial Infarction

Cardiogenic shock is the primary cause of death among patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction. It is defined as tissue hypoperfusion resulting from ventricular pump failure in the presence of adequate intravascular volume. These patients need rapid assessment and appropriate institution of supportive therapies including vasopressor and inotropic agents, ventilatory support, and intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation. Emergency coronary artery revascularization is the only therapy that reduces mortality, and this should be provided early to patients to achieve maximal benefit, unless further care is deemed futile. Whereas newer support devices can provide better hemodynamic augmentation, their impact on mortality is limited. Novel therapies are needed to further decrease mortality rates, which remain high despite reperfusion therapy.
DESIGN-BUILDER SELECTION FOR SMALL HIGHWAY PROJECTS

This paper offers six case studies of design-builder selection for small publicly funded highway projects across the United States. Arizona, Colorado, Indiana, New Jersey, South Carolina, and Washington State Departments of Transportation participated in this study. This study compares critical components of design-builder solicitation and selection. Design-builder selection methods are modeled and categorized into fixed-price, one-step, and two-step procedures. The states developed different procedures due to state procurement statutes, level of design at the request for proposal stage, project complexity, familiarity with the design-build process, and agency culture. Although four of the states used fixed-price or one-step methods to select design-builders on the cases studied, three have since adopted, or are seeking, legislation to adopt two step-methods due to their experiences on the cases presented. The use of design-build dictates a major cultural shift for all stakeholders in the delivery process...
Representation Dimension as a Relative Homological Invariant of Stable Equivalence

Over an Artin algebra Λ many standard concepts from homological algebra can be relativized with respect to a contravariantly finite subcategory \(\mathcal{C}\) of mod-Λ, which contains the projective modules. The main aim of this article is to prove that the resulting relative homological dimensions of modules are preserved by stable equivalences between Artin algebras. As a corollary, we see that Auslander’s notion of representation dimension is invariant under stable equivalence (a result recently obtained independently by Guo). We then apply these results to the syzygy functor for self-injective algebras of representation dimension three, where we bound the number of simple modules in terms of the number of indecomposable nonprojective summands of an Auslander generator.
Subcellular localization of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits in neurons and astroglia of the rat medial nucleus tractus solitarius: relationship with tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons.

Abstract Superoxide produced by the enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase mediates crucial intracellular signaling cascades in the medial nucleus of the solitary tract (mNTS), a brain region populated by catecholaminergic neurons, as well as astroglia that play an important role in autonomic function. The mechanisms mediating NADPH oxidase (phagocyte oxidase) activity in the neural regulation of cardiovascular processes are incompletely understood, however the subcellular localization of superoxide produced by the enzyme is likely to be an important regulatory factor. We used immunogold electron microscopy to determine the phenotypic and subcellular localization of the NADPH oxidase subunits p47phox, gp91phox, and p22phox in the mNTS in rats. The mNTS contains a large population of neurons that synthesize catecholamines. Significantly, catecholaminergic signaling can be modulated by redox reactions. Therefore, the relationship of NADPH oxidase subunit labeled neurons or glia with respect to catecholaminergic neurons was also determined by dual labeling for the superoxide producing enzyme and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis. In the mNTS, NADPH oxidase subunits were present primarily in somatodendritic processes and astrocytes, some of which also contained TH, or were contacted by TH-labeled axons, respectively. Immunogold quantification of NADPH oxidase subunit localization showed that p47phox and gp91phox were present on the surface membrane, as well as vesicular organelles characteristic of calcium storing smooth endoplasmic reticula in dendritic and astroglial processes. These results indicate that NADPH oxidase assembly and consequent superoxide formation are likely to occur near the plasmalemma, as well as on vesicular organelles associated with intracellular calcium storage within mNTS neurons and glia. Thus, NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide may participate in intracellular signaling pathways linked to calcium regulation in diverse mNTS cell types. Moreover, NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide in neurons and glia may directly or indirectly modulate catecholaminergic neuron activity in the mNTS.
A phase transition model for cascading network failure

We consider a special structure of dynamic system model that admits a very tractable inclusion of element failure phenomena, for which a global system Lyapunov function can be constructed. This class includes Hamiltonian systems as a special case, with a wide class of R-L-C circuits and mechanical spring-mass-damper systems in which branch failures are induced by exceeding thresholds of inductor current or spring force magnitude. Using a detailed R-L-C circuit as our illustrative example, this article describes how geometric features of the global Lyapunov function constructed, along with partial trajectory information from time domain simulations, can be used to more efficiently predict which branches are subject to failure in a specific disturbance scenario. The underlying concepts are closely related to techniques of merging families of Lyapunov functions in hybrid system analysis. It is hoped that these techniques will add to the set of tools available for predicting and preventing cascading failure in large scale networks.
An Innovative Approach to Increase the Accuracy of Multi-Axis Machines for Process-Intermittent Inspection

A method for enhancing the effectiveness and robustness ofprocess-intermittent inspection is presented. The method is developed first using mathematical models and measurements closely related to the real parts, thus reducing the uncertainty in both the error estimation and compensation for multi-axis machines. A predictive search algorithm is then developed to identify the minimum number of appropriate measuring points (with respect to the designated tolerance) for arbitrarily shaped manufacturing parts. The identified measuring points are robust in that they least sensitive to uncertainties in measurement and modeling. The search algorithm uses computer simulation with information obtained from previous measurements. Consequently, the measurement effort involved in error modeling has been greatly reduced. The error model derived from the method can be used to correct the process-intermittent probing data for a more accurate assessment of workpiece dimensions. Although the method is designed for general application in multi-axis machines (i.e., machine tools, robots, and coordinate measuring machines), this paper focuses on the specific application ofa machining center. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the error modeling method for accuracy improvement of the machining center for process-intermittent inspection.
Primary rabbit kidney proximal tubule cell cultures maintain differentiated functions when cultured in a hormonally defined serum-free medium

A primary rabbit kidney epithelial cell culture system has been developed which retains differentiated functions of the renal proximal tubule. In addition, the cells have a distinctive metabolism and spectrum of hormone responses. The primary cell were observed to retain in vitro a Na+-dependent sugar transport system (distinctive of the proximal segment of the nephron) and a Na+-dependent phosphate transport system. Both of these transport processes are localized on the apical membrane of proximal tubule cells in vivo. In addition, probenicid-sensitivep-aminohippurate (PAH) uptake was observed in basolateral membranes of the primary tubule cells, and the PAH uptake by these vesicles occurred at a rate that was very similar to that observed with membranes derived from the original tissue. Several other characteristics of the primary cells were examined, including hormone-sensitive cyclic AMP production and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity. Like the cells in vivo, the primary proximal tubule cells were observed to produce significant cyclic AMP in response to parathyroid hormone, but not in response to arginine vasopressin or salmon calcitonin. Significant PEPCK acivity was observed in the particulate fraction derived from a homogenate of primary rabbit kidney proximal tubule cells.
Intramolecular energy flow in the condensed phase: effects of dephasing on localization in the quantum stochastic pump model

Abstract Stochastic pump models have been widely used to describe the classical dynamics of isolated, multidimensional weakly chaotic systems, such as the nuclear motion of a molecule in a regime of weak rovibrational coupling. We recently showed that quantization severely restricts energy flow in the stochastic pump model. We show here how introducing a weak external noise mimicking the effect of dephasing collisions to the quantum stochastic pump model has dramatic consequences for the flow.
Paleozoic continent-ocean transition in the Ouachita Mountains imaged from PASSCAL wide-angle seismic reflection-refraction data

A wide-angle reflection-reflection experiment, sponsored by the Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere (PASSCAL), was conducted in the Ouachita Mountains area of southwestern Arkansas and northwestern Louisiana. This experimental employed 400 state-of-the-art seismic recorders and overlapped the southern one-third of the COCORP (Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling) deep seismic reflection profile in the area. A wide variety of data processing and interpretation techniques was employed to derive an Earth model from these data. The model depicts a preserved early Paleozoic continental margin buried beneath allochthonous Paleozoic strata and younger sedimentary rocks. The southern part of the model indicates the presence of oceanic or highly extended continental crust overlain by about 15 km of mostly Paleozoic sedimentary rock. These results are consistent with little if any shortening of crystalline continental crust during the Ouachita orogeny.
A State Telecommunications Architecture for Technology Transfer

This paper examines start-up operations of a videotex information service to transfer technical data from state and federal research laboratories to business and industry, state agencies, county government, and community groups. The study evaluates the demand for information, service operations, factors affecting adoption of the service including promotional and training efforts, and resource integration across cooperative state and national agencies.
PPARα/γ Expression and Activity in Mouse and Human Melanocytes and Melanoma Cells

We examined the expression of PPARs and the effects of PPARα and PPARγ agonists on growth of mouse and human melanocytes and melanoma cells. PPARα,β, and PPARγ mRNA qualitative expression in melan-a mouse melanocytes, B16 mouse melanoma, human melanocytes, and A375 and SK-mel28 human melanoma cells was determined by RT-PCR, while quantitative PPARα mRNA levels were determined by QuantiGene assay. PPARα and PPARγ protein was assessed by Western blotting. The effect of natural and synthetic PPAR ligands on cell growth was determined by either hemocytometer counting or crystal violet assay. PPAR transcriptional activity was determined by a PPRE-reporter gene assay, while knockdown of PPARα expression was achieved by transient transfection of siRNA. Both mouse and human melanoma cells produced more PPARα and PPARγ protein compared to melanocytes. PPARα mRNA levels were elevated in human melanoma cells, but not in mouse melanoma cells relative to melanocytes. Silencing of PPARα in human melanoma cells did not alter cell proliferation or morphology. PPARγ-selective agonists inhibited the growth of both mouse and human melanoma cells, while PPARα-selective agonists had limited effects. Increased expression of PPARα in melanoma relative to melanocytes may be a common occurrence, however its biologic significance remains to be determined. PPARγ agonists may be useful for arresting the growth of some melanomas.
An evidence-based review of skin cancer rates on biologic therapies.

Abstract Objective: To critically review the body of clinical trials that report the rates of skin cancer in patients on a biologic therapy, in order to discern whether this therapy is associated with any increase risk of skin cancer. Data Sources: Review of MEDLINE database and the Cochrane library database was conducted, to identify randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses that evaluated the safety of biologic therapies, and specifically reported rates of skin cancer in patients on biologic therapies. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently evaluated eligibility and collected the data. Studies selected were large randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses with large number of patient populations from clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance data that reported specifically the rate of skin cancer while on a biologic therapy. Data Synthesis: Nine studies met the eligibility criteria. All studies were of high quality with Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) ...
Structure of full-length Drosophila cryptochrome

The cryptochrome/photolyase family of photoreceptors mediates cellular responses to ultraviolet and blue light exposure in all kingdoms of life: cryptochromes transduce signals important for growth, development, magnetosensitivity and circadian clocks, and photolyases repair photolesions in DNA. Zoltowski et al. have now solved the X-ray crystal structure of full-length cryptochrome from Drosophila. They find that a C-terminal helix docks in a groove that is known to bind DNA substrates in photolyases, and a conserved tryptophan protrudes into the catalytic centre of the cryptochrome, mimicking how DNA-repair photolyases recognize lesions in DNA. The cryptochrome/photolyase (CRY/PL) family of photoreceptors mediates adaptive responses to ultraviolet and blue light exposure in all kingdoms of life1,2,3,4,5. Whereas PLs function predominantly in DNA repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6-4 photolesions caused by ultraviolet radiation, CRYs transduce signals important for growth, development, magnetosensitivity and circadian clocks1,2,3,4,5. Despite these diverse functions, PLs/CRYs preserve a common structural fold, a dependence on flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and an internal photoactivation mechanism3,6. However, members of the CRY/PL family differ in the substrates recognized (protein or DNA), photochemical reactions catalysed and involvement of an antenna cofactor. It is largely unknown how the animal CRYs that regulate circadian rhythms act on their substrates. CRYs contain a variable carboxy-terminal tail that appends the conserved PL homology domain (PHD) and is important for function7,8,9,10,11,12. Here, we report a 2.3-A resolution crystal structure of Drosophila CRY with an intact C terminus. The C-terminal helix docks in the analogous groove that binds DNA substrates in PLs. Conserved Trp 536 juts into the CRY catalytic centre to mimic PL recognition of DNA photolesions. The FAD anionic semiquinone found in the crystals assumes a conformation to facilitate restructuring of the tail helix. These results help reconcile the diverse functions of the CRY/PL family by demonstrating how conserved protein architecture and photochemistry can be elaborated into a range of light-driven functions.
Crianças vivendo com HIV e Casas de Apoio em São Paulo: cultura, experiências e contexto domiciliar

Este artigo, baseado em pesquisa na area da Antropologia Medica, pretende analisar alguns fatores culturais que influem no desenvolvimento de criancas e adolescentes vivendo com HIV em casas de apoio. Existem semelhancas e diferencas nos padroes de criacao de cada instituicao e, em consequencia, no desenvolvimento individual e social das criancas e adolescentes. Uma semelhanca marcante e que a melhora na qualidade de vida e o aumento da sobrevida (com muitos virando adolescentes) parece ter-se convertido em um problema para os adultos que cuidam deles. Minha intencao e explicar como este problema deve-se, em grande parte, as ideias e ao imaginario do que a crianca com Aids no Brasil representa. Essas ideias sao culturalmente construidas e estao em sincronia com as categorias e discussoes modernas sobre crianca, desenvolvimento e respostas sociais moralmente aceitaveis. O desenvolvimento de criancas e adolescentes vivendo com HIV/Aids questiona as ditas categorias ameacando, inclusive, os padroes de criacao estabelecidos pelos adultos e as estruturas das instituicoes.
Serum proteins of the texas blue quail Callipepla squamata

Abstract 1. 1. Gel filtration of Texas blue quail scrum ( Callipepla squamata ) separated the proteins into macroglobulins, globulins (which included specific antibodies) and albumins. 2. 2. The albumin fraction had a higher tyrosine content than some other galliformes' serum albumins, and although antigenically similar to chicken serum albumin, it carried specific antigenic determinants. 3. 3. The gel filtration pattern and the antigenic composition of the blue quail serum proteins were more similar to those of the rock partridge, Alectoris graeca , than to those of the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica .