cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Publicizing female athletes' weights: implications for female psychology undergraduates acting as spectators.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of including female athletes' weights in athletic event programs on female spectators' body image, eating disorder symptoms, self-esteem, and affective state and to investigate whether the magnitude of the athletes' reported weights had differential effects on female spectators (i.e., do female spectators who view heavier athletes respond differently than those who view less heavy athletes?). Method: We used an experimental design to examine hypotheses derived from competing theories to determine whether exposure to female athletes of varying weight would adversely or beneficially impact female undergraduates (N = 152) who served as athletic event spectators. Results: Analyses indicated that in this simulated study, female spectators' body image, eating disorder symptoms, self-esteem, and affective states were not impacted by the presence or by the magnitude of female athletes' weights in athletic event programs. Conclusion: The results imply t...
Mesoporous Anatase TiO2 with High Surface Area and Controllable Pore Size by F−-Ion Doping: Applications for High-Power Li-Ion Battery Anode

A pioneering effort has been made to develop F−-ion-doped anatase TiO2 with a spherical shape and mesoporous structure synthesized by a unique, low-temperature urea-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The electrochemical anode performance of pristine TiO2 for lithium-ion batteries was improved significantly by utilizing F−-ion doping. TiO2 doped with 10 mol % fluorine ions achieved a reversible capacity of 157 mA h/g after 100 cycles. In addition, the rate capability of the F−-ion-doped TiO2 was encouraging, with a stabilized capacity of 144 mA h/g at 30C (C rating) of charge (Li extraction).
Understanding Applicant Reactions to Credit Checks: Uncertainty, information effects and individual differences

Credit checks are an increasingly common selection procedure for American jobs, and they are distinct in a number of ways from the selection tests typically studied by researchers. With a credit check, applicants do not actually take a test or answer questions, and most will be uncertain about what information a credit report contains, why one is being requested, and how it will be evaluated. In two experiments we assess the effects of explanations and individual differences. Experiment 1 used a sample of 408 undergraduate business students to examine reaction dimensions relevant to credit checks, and found perceptions to be mainly negative. The type of explanation read, however, interacted with perceived credit report impact to influence reactions. Results of Experiment 2, with a sample of students from a more non-traditional population, were similar, but age was associated with greater skepticism of credit report accuracy. Privacy perceptions were the strongest predictor of intention to withdraw from the selection process.
N-fluoro-o-benzenedisulfonimide: a useful new fluorinating reagent

Abstract N-Fluoro-o-benzenedisulfonimide ( 5 ) is a stable, easily prepared, highly efficient source of “electrophilic” fluorine which fluorinates enolates, azaenolates and carbanions in good to excellent yields.
Effects of temperature on the electrical impedance of piezoelectric sensors

Piezoelectric materials have been known to have temperature dependency regarding their basic properties, such as the dielectric constant and the piezoelectric coefficient. In this paper, this temperature dependency is investigated. The motivation of this work is linked to the impedance-based nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique which employs piezoceramic (PZT) sensors for tracking changes in the structural impedance, by measuring the electrical impedance, to qualitatively identify damage. However, for this NDE technique to be successful in all types of environments, it must be insensitive to temperature variations. As mentioned earlier, piezoelectric materials have strong temperature dependency and a temperature compensation procedure is necessary. The approach used in this paper is empirical due to the complexity of the thermoelectromechanical constitutive modeling. Through experimental investigation, it was found that temperature will have the effect of shifting the electrical impedance magnitude of the piezoelectric sensor, while leaving the impedance phase unaffected. For a PZT PSI-5A, the variation was found to be linear in the 80 degree F to 160 degree F temperature range. To characterize the temperature effects in piezoelectric materials, a temperature coefficient which is independent of frequency has been defined. Finally, based on the defined temperature coefficient, a simple temperature compensation technique has been implemented successfully, eliminating the effects of temperature on PZT sensors while not eliminating the effects of temperature on the structure.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The accumulation of dimethylethanolamine by a mutant strain of Neurospora crassa.

Abstract Dimethylethanolamine has been isolated from a mutant strain of Neurospor crassa . The chromatographic position of the isolated compound corresponds to that of authentic dimethylethanolamine. A cholineless mutant of Neurospora which requires either monomethylethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, or choline for growth is able to grow in the presence of the isolated compound, and the growth response curve using increasing aliquots of the isolated dimethylethanolamine fraction follows the growth response curve observed with the authentic material. Carrier was added to the dimethylethanolamine isolated from a culture grown on 14 C-formate. The picric acid salt of the diluted radioactive dimethylethanolamine retained constantisotopic activity after repeated recrystallizations. This is the first time that dimethylethanolamine, a postulated precursor of choline, has been isolated from a natural source. The significance of the data has been discussed.
Substrate interactions, effects of symmetry breaking, and convection in a 2D horizontally shaken granular system

We describe experiments on a horizontally shaken $[x\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}A\mathrm{sin}(\ensuremath{\omega}t)]$ single layer of hard spheres rolling on a nearly horizontal surface. We identify a novel substrate-mediated convective flow which occurs when the system is tilted slightly so that the weak gravitational force, ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{g}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$, acting on the particles is not parallel to the driving direction. As the shaking amplitude is increased, the system progresses through four regimes: solid-flat, solid-inclined, convective, and disordered. The control parameter is the driving velocity, $A\ensuremath{\omega}$, rather than the usual $A{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{2}$ of vertically shaken 3D systems. At the onset of convection, the critical velocity is ${V}_{c}\ensuremath{\simeq}\sqrt{{2g}_{\mathrm{eff}}d}$.
Protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions at the bacteriophage T4 DNA replication fork: Characterization of a fluorescently labeled DNA polymerase sliding clamp

The T4 DNA polymerase holoenzyme is composed of the polymerase enzyme complexed to the sliding clamp (the 45 protein), which is loaded onto DNA by an ATP-dependent clamp loader (the 44/62 complex). This paper describes a new method to directly investigate the mechanism of holoenzyme assembly using a fluorescently labeled cysteine mutant of the 45 protein. This protein possessed unaltered function yet produced substantial changes in probe fluorescence intensity upon interacting with other components of the holoenzyme. These fluorescence changes provide insight into the role of ATP hydrolysis in holoenzyme assembly. Using either ATP or the non-hydrolyzable ATP analog, adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiophosphate), events in holoenzyme assembly were assigned as either dependent or independent of ATP hydrolysis. A holoenzyme assembly mechanism is proposed in which the 44/62 complex mediates the association of the 45 protein with DNA in an ATP-dependent manner not requiring ATP hydrolysis. Upon ATP hydrolysis, the 44/62 complex triggers a conformational change in the 45 protein that may be attributed to the clamp loading onto DNA.
Early Jurassic eolian dune field, Pomperaug basin, Connecticut and related synrift deposits: Stratigraphic framework and paleoclimatic context

Abstract The discovery of an extensive eolian sandstone in the Pomperaug basin, Connecticut is noteworthy because it is the most significant occurrence of eolian rocks in the continental rifts of the Newark Supergroup south of the Fundy basin, Canada. Climate-sensitive rocks provide important constraints for the influence of supercontinent landmass configurations on models of early Mesozoic Pangaean climate. The sedimentary structures and textures in the Pomperaug basin sandstone compare favorably with modern and ancient eolian sands. The eolian sandstone is traceable for at least 5 km and occupies a stratigraphic interval that is dominated by arid facies in the Pomperaug and Hartford basins, indicating that the eolian deposit is indicative of regional climate. The eolian sands were stabilized by a return to more humid conditions and subsequently buried beneath a thick, basin-wide basalt flow, preserving the dune field. Also described are related synrift eolian sandstones from the Hartford (Connecticut, USA), Fundy (Nova Scotia, Canada), and Argana (Morocco) basins. Using revised paleolatitude models for the Pangaean rifts, the distribution of eolian sandstones suggests that the Norian–Hettangian world had zonal climate belts with modified latitudinal gradients.
Data quality in tissue analysis using desorption electrospray ionization

There has been a recent surge in applications of mass spectrometry (MS) to tissue analysis, particularly lipid-based tissue imaging using ambient ionization techniques. This recent growth highlights the need to examine the effects of sample handling, storage conditions, and experimental protocols on the quality of the data obtained. Variables such as time before freezing after organ removal, storage time at −80 °C, time stored at room temperature, heating, and freeze/thaw cycles were investigated for their effect on the data quality obtained in desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)-MS using mouse brain. In addition, analytical variables such as tissue thickness, drying times, and instrumental conditions were also examined for their impact on DESI-MS data. While no immediate changes were noted in the DESI-MS lipid profiles of the mouse brain tissue after spending 1 h at room temperature when compared to being frozen immediately following removal, minor changes were noted between the tissue samples after 7 months of storage at −80 °C. In tissue sections stored at room temperature, degradation was noted in 24 h by the appearance of fatty acid dimers, which are indicative of high fatty acid concentrations, while in contrast, those sections stored at −80 °C for 7 months showed no significant degradation. Tissue sections were also subjected to up to six freeze/thaw cycles and showed increasing degradation following each cycle. In addition, tissue pieces were subjected to 50 °C temperatures and analyzed at specific time points. In as little as 2 h, degradation was observed in the form of increased fatty acid dimer formation, indicating that enzymatic processes forming free fatty acids were still active in the tissue. We have associated these dimers with high concentrations of free fatty acids present in the tissue during DESI-MS experiments. Analytical variables such as tissue thickness and time left to dry under nitrogen were also investigated, with no change in the resulting profiles at thickness from 10 to 25 μm and with optimal signal obtained after just 20 min in the dessicator. Experimental conditions such as source parameters, spray solvents, and sample surfaces are all shown to impact the quality of the data. Inter-section (relative standard deviation (%RSD), 0.44–7.2%) and intra-sample (%RSD, 4.0–8.0%) reproducibility data show the high quality information DESI-MS provides. Overall, the many variables investigated here showed DESI-MS to be a robust technique, with sample storage conditions having the most effect on the data obtained, and with unacceptable sample degradation occurring during room temperature storage.
Disorder and parafermion fields in 3D gauge theory

Abstract We define spin, disorder, and parafermion fields in three dimensional U(1) gauge theory in close analogy to the dimensional definitions. This construction is used to propose quantum anyon fields in Chern-Simons gauge theory coupled to matter.
Sequential therapy of acute leukemia in childhood

Ninety-four children with acute leukemia were treated with antileukemic drugsgiven sequentially. Twenty-three patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia had a first remission rate of 57 per cent and a median survival of 8 months. Seventy-one patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia had first and second remission rates of 94 and 66 per cent, respectively, and a median survival of 17 months. Twenty-five per cent of these patients lived over two years. Twelve patients are alive and well 3 to 6 years from diagnosis. Sequential therapy offers results equal to those of cyclic therapy.
Development of an Adaptive Dual Controller for Glucose Management in Patients With Insulin-Deficient Diabetes

In this paper, we propose and design an adaptive dual controller for automatic glucose control of diabetic patients. The results could be used in the development of an artificial pancreas, which, while as yet unavailable, must consist of three major components: an insulin delivery device or “pump”, a continuous glucose sensor, and a control algorithm linking insulin delivery to measured glucose concentration. For improved performance the system would also include “feed-forward” information about food intake, physical activity and other blood glucose perturbing inputs. A linear time-varying autoregressive model with exogenous inputs is constructed to characterize the kinetics of both glucose-insulin and glucose-carbohydrate interaction. Combined with a Kalman-filter based estimation scheme for online estimation of the time-varying model coefficients, we design an adaptive dual control that both excites the glucose dynamic system sufficiently to accelerate the parameter estimation and cautiously tracks the desired glucose level. Performance evaluation of the adaptive dual controller is accomplished via simulations on virtual patients constructed using clinical data from five different patients with type-1 insulin-deficient diabetes using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for diabetes management during observation. Simulation results show both smaller glucose excursions and a reduction in the number of hypoglycemic events for all but one of the five subjects.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The Evidence Mounts: Group Work is Effective

My recent reading leads me to believe that efforts to validate the efficacy of group work for delivering mental health services have been successful. On the basis of our experience conducting group...
Carvacrol and trans-Cinnamaldehyde Reduce Clostridium difficile Toxin Production and Cytotoxicity in Vitro

Clostridium difficile is a nosocomial pathogen that causes a serious toxin-mediated enteric disease in humans. Reducing C. difficile toxin production could significantly minimize its pathogenicity and improve disease outcomes in humans. This study investigated the efficacy of two, food-grade, plant-derived compounds, namely trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) and carvacrol (CR) in reducing C. difficile toxin production and cytotoxicity in vitro. Three hypervirulent C. difficile isolates were grown with or without the sub-inhibitory concentrations of TC or CR, and the culture supernatant and the bacterial pellet were collected for total toxin quantitation, Vero cell cytotoxicity assay and RT-qPCR analysis of toxin-encoding genes. The effect of CR and TC on a codY mutant and wild type C. difficile was also investigated. Carvacrol and TC substantially reduced C. difficile toxin production and cytotoxicity on Vero cells. The plant compounds also significantly down-regulated toxin production genes. Carvacrol and TC did not inhibit toxin production in the codY mutant of C. difficile, suggesting a potential codY-mediated anti-toxigenic mechanism of the plant compounds. The antitoxigenic concentrations of CR and TC did not inhibit the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Our results suggest that CR and TC could potentially be used to control C. difficile, and warrant future studies in vivo.
Skin Penetration and Metabolism: Comparative Evaluation of Skin Equivalent, Cell Culture, and Human Skin

AbstractUsing an organotypic model of human skin, living skin equivalent (LSE) and its homogenate, monolayer cell culture, and human skin, we have studied the simultaneous transport and metabolic fate of two compounds. The LSE was maintained in an assay culture medium. When the model compounds were applied to LSE at dosages of 9.0 ± 1.2 µg/cm2, the transport of salicylic acid through human skin was 0.12 ±0.1µg/cm2/hr. Salicylic acid flux was 5.6-fold greater in LSE than in human skin. Shorter lag time of absorption was observed in LSE (∼ 1.5 hr) than in human skin (7–9 hr). Percutaneous transport across LSE was accompanied by metabolism of the compounds and there were quantitative and qualitative similarities between the metabolites produced by the LSE and human skin. When compounds were added to homogenates (LSE or skin) and to human cell cultures, the activities of the LSE and human fractions were similar. Data from the present study demonstrate that although LSE is more permeable than human skin, the a...
Cardiac compression secondary to a massively dilated substernal colon conduit.

Abstract With the growing success of surgical repairs of congenital defects previously incompatible with life, it is expected of these patients to live longer and experience the complications of these corrective procedures. Esophageal atresia is a congenital defect that occurs in 1 out of 4000 births and is oftentimes a surgical emergency in which colonic conduits are routinely used for esophageal reconstruction. Colonic conduit redundancy and dilatation are well-recognized late complications of colon conduit surgeries for esophageal reconstructions. We report a rare case of symptomatic cardiac compression secondary to a massively dilated substernal colon conduit occurring 44 years after the initial childhood surgery in 1964 with rapid reversal of hemodynamic compromise after conduit removal.
Approximate four dimensional symmetry and hadron spectroscopy

Abstract We discuss consequences of an approximate SO 4 symmetry on the hadron spectrum. Several hadrons can be consistently assigned to even “daughters” of top-ranking Regge trajectories.
Diagnostic management by gatekeepers is not cost effective for neuro-ophthalmology.

Purpose: To determine whether the "gatekeeper physician system" for evaluating neuro-ophthalmologic problems is cost effective. Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 588 patients referred for neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation between July and December 1989 to determine the frequency and cost of unnecessary diagnostic testing ordered by "gatekeeper physicians". Pre-referral diagnostic testing costs were compared with the cost of neuroophthalmologic consultation for four common problems: (1) optic neuropathy; (2) diplopia; (3) ptosis; and (4) proptosis. Results: Between 16% and 26% of patients in the first three diagnostic categories were subjected to overtesting, resulting in $57,900 of excessive costs, a 724% overcharge. Although the evaluation of proptosis was performed correctly, the quality of 10 of the 18 neuro-imaging procedures was substandard. Conclusions: The gatekeeper system managed by primary care physicians for these four neuro-ophthalmologic problems not only did not conserve healthcare dollars but also had a negative impact on cost control. For neuro-ophthalmologic disorders, prompt subspecialty evaluation and examination appear to be a cost-effective strategy.
Growth and decay of acoustic acceleration waves in Darcy-type porous media

The propagation of acoustic waves in a fluid that saturates a Darcy-type porous medium is considered under finite-amplitude theory. The equation of motion is derived, an acceleration wave analysis is carried out, and a travelling wave solution (TWS) is obtained. In addition, analytical findings are supported with numerical work generated by a simple, but effective, finite-difference scheme and results obtained are compared with those of the nonporous and linear cases. Most notably, this analysis reveals the following: (i) that the equation of motion is a new, hyperbolic form of Kuznetsov's equation; (ii) that finite-time blow-up of the wave amplitude is possible even if dissipation is present; (iii) the presence of a porous medium increases, with respect to the nonporous case, the rate at which amplitude growth/decay occurs; (iv) in the case of porous media propagation, not all compressive acceleration waves suffer blow up; and (v) that there exists a connection between acceleration waves and TWSs.
The use of wireless capsule endoscopy in clinical diagnostic gastroenterology

This profile describes a new wireless video endoscopy device designed to image previously inaccessible areas of the gastrointestinal tract with unprecedented precision and clarity. This PillCam™ technology involves a disposable, ingestible camera that transmits more than 50,000 digital images of the small bowel to personal computer software. The wireless capsule endoscopy technology supplements and is rapidly replacing standard small bowel imaging techniques, and its use has revolutionized conventional ideas about the small bowel’s role in many conditions such as Crohn’s disease and occult blood loss. In addition to the small bowel device, an esophageal adaptation was released in January 2005. This capsule technology anticipates exponential growth in both diagnostic and possible therapeutic dimensions in the future.
Air quality and bird health status in three types of commercial egg layer houses

SUMMARY In this field observational study, 3 types of laying-hen houses, namely, high-rise (HR), manure-belt (MB), and cage-free floor-raised (FR), were monitored for air temperature, RH, CO2, and atmospheric NH3 under winter and summer conditions in Iowa. Under winter conditions, the HR and MB houses had more comfortable temperature and NH3 levels (mean 24.6 and 20.6°C, and maximum 9 to 24 ppm of NH3, respectively) than the FR houses (mean 15.5°C and maximum 85 to 89 ppm of NH3, respectively), and house temperature varied more with outside conditions. Under summer conditions, house temperature showed the least increase above ambient in the FR houses (mean 0.3°C vs. 4.7 and 1.2°C for the MB and HR houses, respectively), and NH3 levels were similar for all housing types (mean 3 to 9 ppm). Examination of the hen health status revealed differences in pathogen prevalence between housing systems for winter and summer, but not conclusively in favor of one system over another. Results of this study indicate that the benefits of each system were season dependent. Further monitoring of the environment, bird health, and production performance over an extended period (e.g., 1 yr) to quantify the benefits and limitations of each system is warranted. Information of this nature will aid in optimizing hen housing systems for enhanced bird welfare and sustained production efficiency for the egg industry.
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) Methods

Three of the most common problems in medical research are as follows: (1) evaluating a medical test against a diagnostic criterion in a population, (2) choosing the best among available tests, and finally (3) developing the best combination of medical tests. In 1979, a Lancet editorial commented that “The assessment of diagnostic methods belongs to the backwoods of clinical research. New treatments are submitted to thorough testing and books are written on the methodology of the controlled therapeutic trial; but no standards have been fixed for the assessment of diagnostic methods.” Since 1979, some progress has been reflected in the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) guidelines, but statistical methods remain much less developed than the methods for the assessment of treatments in randomized clinical trials. As a result, medical tests often enter general clinical use with little or no convincing documentation of their accuracy, which then has major repercussions on patient health and medical costs. Keywords: Sensitivity; specificity; ROC; AUC; weighted kappa
The Molecular Biology Capstone Assessment: A Concept Assessment for Upper-Division Molecular Biology Students

Measuring students' conceptual understandings has become increasingly important to biology faculty members involved in evaluating and improving departmental programs. We developed the Molecular Biology Capstone Assessment (MBCA) to gauge comprehension of fundamental concepts in molecular and cell biology and the ability to apply these concepts in novel scenarios. Targeted at graduating students, the MBCA consists of 18 multiple-true/false (T/F) questions. Each question consists of a narrative stem followed by four T/F statements, which allows a more detailed assessment of student understanding than the traditional multiple-choice format. Questions were iteratively developed with extensive faculty and student feedback, including validation through faculty reviews and response validation through student interviews. The final assessment was taken online by 504 students in upper-division courses at seven institutions. Data from this administration indicate that the MBCA has acceptable levels of internal reliability (α=0.80) and test-retest stability (r=0.93). Students achieved a wide range of scores with a 67% overall average. Performance results suggest that students have an incomplete understanding of many molecular biology concepts and continue to hold incorrect conceptions previously documented among introductory-level students. By pinpointing areas of conceptual difficulty, the MBCA can provide faculty members with guidance for improving undergraduate biology programs.
A Case-Crossover Analysis of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Air Pollution

Background—Evidence of an association between the exposure to air pollution and overall cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is increasingly found in the literature. However, results from studies of the association between acute air pollution exposure and risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) are inconsistent for fine particulate matter, and, although pathophysiological evidence indicates a plausible link between OHCA and ozone, none has been reported. Approximately 300 000 persons in the United States experience an OHCA each year, of which >90% die. Understanding the association provides important information to protect public health. Methods and Results—The association between OHCA and air pollution concentrations hours and days before onset was assessed by using a time-stratified case-crossover design using 11 677 emergency medical service–logged OHCA events between 2004 and 2011 in Houston, Texas. Air pollution concentrations were obtained from an extensive area monitor network. An average i...
Role of Grain Boundaries in Sintering.

During sintering, grain boundaries act either as sinks or as diffusion paths for lattice vacancies. Thus the configuration of the grain boundaries will have an important effect on the rate of sintering. Grain growth during sintering changes the configuration of grain boundaries relative to pores and thus may markedly influence the shrinkage rate; for example, for uniformly distributed pores the shrinkage rate will increase as the grain size decreases. Impurity additions will increase the sintering rate if they increase diffusion rates, but they may also increase sintering rates by impeding grain-boundary movement. Some experimental evidence is presented to support these conclusions.
Resources for Functional Genomics Studies in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster has become a system of choice for functional genomic studies. Many resources, including online databases and software tools, are now available to support design or identification of relevant fly stocks and reagents or analysis and mining of existing functional genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, etc. datasets. These include large community collections of fly stocks and plasmid clones, "meta" information sites like FlyBase and FlyMine, and an increasing number of more specialized reagents, databases, and online tools. Here, we introduce key resources useful to plan large-scale functional genomics studies in Drosophila and to analyze, integrate, and mine the results of those studies in ways that facilitate identification of highest-confidence results and generation of new hypotheses. We also discuss ways in which existing resources can be used and might be improved and suggest a few areas of future development that would further support large- and small-scale studies in Drosophila and facilitate use of Drosophila information by the research community more generally.
Embodied Implacement in Kūkai and Nishida

Examined here is the importance of embodied implacement in correlativity with the environment in the philosophies of two significant philosophers in the history of Japanese thought: Kūkai (774–835), the founder of Shingon Buddhism, and Nishida Kitarō (1870–1945), the founder of Kyoto School philosophy. We look into Kūkai’s concepts of sokushinjōbutsu (“attainment of Buddhahood in this very body”) and hosshin seppō (“the dharma body’s expounding of the dharma”) and Nishida’s concepts of kōiteki chokkan (“acting-intuition”) and rekishiteki shintai (“historical body”) among others, to explore the significance for both of an embodied implacement in the world and in interaction with the environment. The body as the medium or place of interrelations, in both thinkers, proves to be a chiasma in manifold significances, as both microcosmic and macrocosmic. And as non-substantial, empty, it is an open body.
“Capture” and the South African Judicial Inspectorate of Prisons: A Micro-Level Analysis

Many countries’ prisons are closed-institutions with citizens unlikely to directly observe official misbehavior. To promote transparency and official accountability, prisons should be monitored by independent and impartial oversight mechanisms like prison inspectorates. But inspectorate staff confront numerous obstacles, one being their co-optation or “capture” by the same prison officials under observation. This study collected survey data from staff at the South African Judicial Inspectorate of Prisons (JIOP). The data indicated that the extent to which staff were captured was not explained by gender, age, education, length of JIOP employment, or whether staff thought the public should know about prison conditions. To varying degrees, capture’s severity was explained by whether JIOP staff wanted to someday work as prison officials, whether or not they were lay prison visitors, and staff reports of powerless with and hostility from prison officials. The paper closes with recommendations for the JIOP and other oversight scholars.
Clinical significance: An overview of methods

Statistical significance is seen as limited for use in psychotherapy outcome research because it is based on group means and does not provide information on individual variability of outcome, nor does it address clinical significance. Clinical significance refers to the practical importance of patient change that occurs through psychotherapy. Jacobson, Follette & Revenstorf (1984a) have proposed a method for assessing clinical significance that is based on social validation. This paper will trace the development of clinical significance and its underlying social validation methodology. It will also examine criticisms of the method and the resulting extensions these have inspired. Finally, the current state of the method will be addressed and an example of clinical application will be given.
Controlling the pKa for Protonic Doping of Polyaniline by Non-covalent Complexation

We report a synthetic method for shifting the pKa for the deprotonaton of polyaniline by the formation of non-covalent complexes between polyaniline and a polyanion. Depending on the choice of the polyanion and the condition of the synthesis, we can control the pKa value for the dedoping reaction to spread the pH range from 5.5 to 9.0. From a systematic study of the structural influence on the pKa values, we have verified that the electrostatic stabilization of the polaron is the origin for this unusually large pKa shift.
Adélie penguin diet and climate change during the middle to late Holocene in northern Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula

We investigated one active and three abandoned Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colonies in northern Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula, during austral summer 2000. Extinct colonies were located by ground survey on small islands and recognized by concentrations of nest pebbles. The colonies were excavated to recover organic remains from ornithogenic soils. Radiocarbon dates on penguin bone and eggshell provided a 6,000-year occupation history after correction for the marine-carbon reservoir effect; this history was compared to the paleoclimate record (ice cores and marine sediments) to assess patterns in occupation by penguins with episodes of climate change. We quantified prey remains recovered from the sites to examine potential dietary shifts by penguins with climatic change. Two species, Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) and squid (Psychroteuthis glacialis), were most commonly represented in the sediments. The data indicate that silverfish may have been exploited more during cool, and squid in warm climatic intervals in the past.
Envy and Jealousy Semantic Problems and Experiential Distinctions

Although traditional scholarly views suggest that envy and jealousy produce distinct affective experiences, empirical work is contradictory. The present study treated this problem from both semantic and experiential perspectives. First, subjects described situations in which they had felt strong envy and strong jealousy. These descriptions were coded for whether they conformed to traditional definitions of the two emotions. The results demonstrated that although the words envy and jealousy have overlapping meanings, the source of this overlap is the broad meaning of the word jealousy. Whereas the word jealousy may denote either jealousy (romantic jealousy, most commonly) or envy, the word envy will tend to be used in one sense alone, as a social-comparison-based emotion. In the second part of the study, subjects indicated for a series of affective states whether each was more characteristic of strong envy or strong jealousy. The results suggested that each emotion is associated with a differing profile of feelings. Reasons for the discrepancy between these results and previous empirical work are discussed.
Factors affecting brain structure in men with HIV disease in the post-HAART era

Introduction The purpose of this study was to characterize brain volumetric differences in HIV seropositive and seronegative men and to determine effects of age, cardiovascular risk, and HIV infection on structural integrity.
Solving a Multigroup Mixed-Integer Programming-Based Constrained Discrimination Model

Solution methods are presented for a mixed-integer program (MIP) associated with a method for constrained discrimination. In constrained discrimination, one wishes to maximize the probability of correct classification subject to intergroup misclassification limits. The misclassification limits are satisfied by allowing the placement of observations in a reserved judgment group. The approach investigated here involves modifying a standard classification rule by solving an optimization problem. A polynomial-time algorithm for solving the problem is given for two-group discrimination. The decision problem upon which the optimization problem is based is shown to be NP complete for a general number of groups. For three or more groups, an MIP is used to solve the problem. Solution methods incorporating cutting planes from conflict graphs are presented for solving instances in a branch-and-bound framework. These methods are used to enhance industry-standard software, and are shown to provide as much as a 20-fold...
Microstructure and rheology of a flow-induced structured phase in wormlike micellar solutions

Surfactant molecules can self-assemble into various morphologies under proper combinations of ionic strength, temperature, and flow conditions. At equilibrium, wormlike micelles can transition from entangled to branched and multiconnected structures with increasing salt concentration. Under certain flow conditions, micellar structural transitions follow different trajectories. In this work, we consider the flow of two semidilute wormlike micellar solutions through microposts, focusing on their microstructural and rheological evolutions. Both solutions contain cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium salicylate. One is weakly viscoelastic and shear thickening, whereas the other is strongly viscoelastic and shear thinning. When subjected to strain rates of ∼103 s−1 and strains of ∼103, we observe the formation of a stable flow-induced structured phase (FISP), with entangled, branched, and multiconnected micellar bundles, as evidenced by electron microscopy. The high stretching and flow alignment in the microposts enhance the flexibility and lower the bending modulus of the wormlike micelles. As flexible micelles flow through the microposts, it becomes energetically favorable to minimize the number of end caps while concurrently promoting the formation of cross-links. The presence of spatial confinement and extensional flow also enhances entropic fluctuations, lowering the energy barrier between states, thus increasing transition frequencies between states and enabling FISP formation. Whereas the rheological properties (zero-shear viscosity, plateau modulus, and stress relaxation time) of the shear-thickening precursor are smaller than those of the FISP, those of the shear-thinning precursor are several times larger than those of the FISP. This rheological property variation stems from differences in the structural evolution from the precursor to the FISP.
Magnetic source imaging (MSI) in children with neocortical epilepsy: surgical outcome association with 3D post-resection analysis.

Summary Objective To investigate the validity of magnetic source imaging (MSI) to localize seizure-onset zone using 3D analysis of pre-operative MSI source imaging coregistered to post-resection MRI following neocortical epilepsy surgery. Methods Twenty-two children who had MSI and epilepsy surgery were studied (median age = 11 years, 1 year 2 months–22 years). Only seven (31.8%) had localized lesions on pre-operative conventional brain MRIs. Sixteen (72.7%) underwent intracranial EEG monitoring. Mean post-operative follow-up was 4.7 years (1 year 3 months–8 years 2 months). Fifteen patients (68%) were seizure-free. MEG spike dipole sources were superimposed onto post-operative MRIs. The number and proportion of spike dipoles within resection volume were calculated and compared between seizure free and non-free groups. Results Both number of dipole clusters and proportion of dipoles in resection volume were not associated with seizure-free outcome (p > 0.05). In seven cases with MRI lesions, six of these with a ≥70% dipoles within the resection margin were seizure-free, while one with the proportion Conclusion Number and density of clustered spike dipole sources within the surgical resection volume is not associated with postoperative seizure-free outcome. MSI successfully localized the perilesional epileptogenic zone in cases with localized MRI lesions, but not in cases with normal MRI in this study. Even if MEG localizes spikes to a single focal region, confirmation of epilepsy localization with intracranial EEG is still recommended in cases with non-lesional MRI.
Myocyte growth in the failing heart

Adult ventricular myocytes can undergo mitotic division, resulting in an increase in the aggregate number of cells in the heart. The improvement in the methodological approach to the analysis of tissue sections by immunostaining and confocal microscopy has defeated the dogma that myocyte regeneration cannot occur in the adult heart. Most importantly, primitive and progenitor cells have been identified in the human heart. These cells express telomerase and have the capability of undergoing lineage commitment and rapid cell division, expanding significantly the contracting ventricular myocardium. These cell populations possess all the molecular components regulating the entry and progression through the cell cycle, karyokinesis, and cytokinesis. The recognition that myocyte hypertrophy and regeneration, as well as myocyte necrosis and apoptosis, occur in cardiac diseases has contributed to enhancing our understanding of the plasticity of the human heart.
Effective potentials for light moduli

Abstract We examine recent work on compactifications of string theory with fluxes, where effective potentials for light moduli have been derived after integrating out moduli that are assumed to be heavy at the classical level, and then adding non-perturbative (NP) corrections to the superpotential. We find that this two stage procedure is not valid and that the correct potential has additional terms. Althought this does not affect the conclusion of Kachru et al. (KKLT) that the Kaehler moduli may be stabilized by NP effects, it can affect the detailed physics. In particular, it is possible to get metastable dS minima without adding uplifting terms.
Wheelchair directional control, digital and analog simulation

Motorized wheelchairs having nonsteerable drive wheels in the front have several advantages over those with rear drive wheels. A major disadvantage, however, is that they are inherently unstable in direction. Additional destabilizing occurs when the operator has poor upper body muscle control. Modeling equations have been developed for these situations to aid in the design of automatic stabilizing controllers. >
Element orders and character codegrees

Let $${g \in G}$$ , where G is an arbitrary finite group. Then there exists $${\chi \in {\rm Irr} (G)}$$ such that $${{\rm ker}(\chi) \cap \langle g \rangle = 1}$$ and every prime divisor of the order o(g) divides the codegree of χ. This improves a recent result of Qian, in which G was assumed to be solvable.
Creating Conducting Materials Through Solution Blending of Conducting Polymers with Commercial Polymers

The soluble conducting polymer poly-o-ansidine, or PANIS, was blended with various other polymers to give conducting materials. The conductivity of the blends can be controlled by the relative amounts of polyanisidine and host polymer and is one of the few times that the conductivity of a conducting polymer has been modified without chemical doping. In this study, polyansidine was been blended with a number of commercial polymers to form free-standing, stable, flexible films having electrical resistance values dependent upon the concentration of PANIS.
Great to greater: opportunities and challenges for the American Orthopaedic Association in the early twenty-first century. Challenges in our academic mission.

President Morrey, Dr. Hanley, distinguished international visitors, and members and guests of the American Orthopaedic Association: I am honored to address you as your president-elect. It will come as no surprise that, to prepare for this presentation, I sought out the collective wisdom of my predecessors. In reading their speeches, I sensed the insight and vision that these former presidents exhibited. It was a most inspiring and humbling experience. Although I accept this honor with humility, I am eager to serve the American Orthopaedic Association (AOA) and to do my best to continue the commitment to excellence that this organization and its leaders have symbolized for the past 116 years. To begin, I wish to recognize and thank my family for their love and their support. Having served for the last twenty years as Chair of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation at Vanderbilt University, I know that I have stretched them all to the maximum. I am especially pleased that they could be with me for this meeting and put up yet again with one more “lecture” from me. Our daughter, Christy, and her husband, Gantt, live in Lubbock, Texas. Our son, Craig, and his wife, Jean Ellen, live in Atlanta, Georgia. Last, but certainly not least, I want to recognize my wife of thirty-seven years, Cindy— those of you who know us well clearly understand her many contributions to my career. Her “joie de vivre” and her continual support have allowed me time to pursue my professional goals. I also want to honor and remember my parents. They instilled in me the importance of education, the value of hard work, and the commitment to always do one's best. Our Association has experienced an exceptional year. Allow me now to recap with you selected accomplishments of our Association over the past year …
Stopping the Presses: The Murder of Walter W. Liggett: by Marda Liggett Woodbury, University of Minnesota Press, 1998, 288 pp.

(2001). Stopping the Presses: The Murder of Walter W. Liggett. American Journalism: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 116-118.
Heart transplantation : A behavioral perspective

Heart failure has been the cause of over 40,000 deaths each year (Costanzo et al., 1995). Heart transplant is one of the treatments for heart failure. There are many aspects involved in heart transplantation. This paper will address the medical issues of heart transplantation as well as the psychosocial aspects involved for those both waiting for a heart transplant and for those who have undergone the transplantation process. The interventions used with individuals undergoing heart transplantation will be addressed. Methods of prevention of cardiovascular disease and hypertension are explored as well as the implication of heart transplantation and prevention of heart disease for social workers.
Pilot Study of Kano "Attractive Quality" Techniques to Identify Change in Emergency Department Patient Experience.

Study objective We describe the use of the Kano Attractive Quality analytic tool to improve an identified patient experience gap in perceived compassion by emergency department (ED) providers. Methods In phase 1, point-of-service surveying assessed baseline patient perception of ED provider compassion. Phase 2 deployed Kano surveys to predict the effect of 4 proposed interventions on patient perception. Finally, phase 3 compared patients receiving standard care versus the Kano-identified intervention to assess the actual effect on patient experience. Results In phase 1, 193 of 200 surveys (97%) were completed, showing a baseline median score of 4 out of 5 (interquartile range [IQR] 3 to 5), with top box percentage of 33% for patients' perception of receiving compassionate care. In phase 2, 158 of 180 surveys (88%) using Kano-formatted questions were completed, and the data predicted that increasing shared decisionmaking would cause the greatest improvement in the patient experience. Finally, in phase 3, 45 of 49 surveys (92%) were returned and demonstrated a significant improvement in perceived concern and sensitivity, 5 (IQR 5 to 5) versus 4 (IQR 3 to 5) with a difference of 1 (95% CI 0.1-1.9) and a top box rating of 79% versus 35% with a difference of 44% (95% CI 12-66) by patients who received dedicated shared decisionmaking interventions versus those receiving standard of care. Conclusion Kano analysis is likely predictive of change in patient experience. Kano methods may prove as useful in changing management of the health care industry as it has been in other industries.