cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Separation methods for estimating octanol-water partition coefficients.

Abstract Separation methods for the indirect estimation of the octanol–water partition coefficient (log P ) are reviewed with an emphasis on high throughput methods with a wide application range. The solvation parameter model is used to identify suitable separation systems for estimating log P in an efficient manner that negates the need for empirical trial and error experiments. With a few exceptions, systems based on reversed-phase chromatography employing chemically bonded phases are shown to be unsuitable for estimating log P for compounds of diverse structure. This is because the fundamental properties responsible for chromatographic retention tend to be different to those responsible for partition between octanol and water, especially the contribution from hydrogen bonding interactions. On the other hand, retention in several micellar and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography systems is shown to be highly correlated with the octanol–water partition coefficient. These systems are suitable for the rapid, high throughput determination of log P for neutral, weakly acidic, and weakly basic compounds. For compounds with a permanent charge, electrophoretic migration and electrostatic interactions with the stationary phase results in inaccurate estimation of partition coefficients. The experimental determination of solute descriptors offers an alternative approach for estimating log P , and other biopartitioning properties. A distinct advantage of this approach is that once the solute descriptors are known, solute properties can be estimated for any distribution or transport system for which a solvation parameter model has been established.
Safety and effectiveness of temperature-controlled radio-frequency energy delivery to the anal canal (Secca procedure) for the treatment of fecal incontinence.

PURPOSE This multicenter study evaluated the safety and efficacy of radio-frequency energy delivery to the anal canal for the treatment of fecal incontinence. METHODS Fifty patients at five centers were enrolled. All reported fecal incontinence at least once per week for three months, and medical and/or surgical management failed to help their symptoms. At baseline and at six months, patients completed questionnaires (Cleveland Clinic Florida Fecal Incontinence score (0-20), fecal incontinence-related quality of life, Short Form-36, and visual analog scale) and underwent anorectal manometry, endoanal ultrasound, and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency testing. On an outpatient basis using local anesthesia, radio-frequency energy was delivered via an anoscopic device with multiple needle electrodes (Secca system) to create thermal lesions deep to the mucosa of the anal canal. RESULTS Forty-three females and seven males (aged 61.1 +/- 13.4 (mean +/- standard deviation); range, 30-80 years) were treated. Mean duration of fecal incontinence was 14.9 years. Treatment time was 37 +/- 9 minutes. At six months, the mean Cleveland Clinic Florida Fecal Incontinence score improved from 14.5 to 11.1 (P < 0.0001). All parameters in the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life scales were improved (lifestyle (from 2.5-3.1; P < 0.0001); coping (from 1.9-2.4; P < 0.0001), depression (from 2.8-3.3; P = 0.0004); embarrassment (from 1.9-2.5; P < 0.0001)). Responders, as assessed by a systematic referenced analog scale, reported a median 70 percent resolution of symptoms. The mean Short Form-36 social function improved from 64.3 to 76 (P = 0.003). There were no changes in endoanal ultrasound or pudendal nerve terminal motor latency assessment, or in anal manometry. Complications included mucosal ulceration (one superficial, one with underlying muscle injury) and delayed bleeding (n = 1). CONCLUSION This multicenter trial demonstrates that radio-frequency energy can be safely delivered to the lower rectum and anal canal. The Secca procedure significantly improved the Cleveland Clinic Florida Fecal Incontinence score and the overall quality of life for most patients having undergone the procedure.
Bethylidae from Early Cretaceous Spanish Amber (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea)

Abstract The diversity of bethylid wasps from Early Cretaceous (Albian) amber from Moraza (Alava amber, Spain) is presented. A total of eight specimens have been recorded from this outcrop and are assigned to the following taxa: Lancepyris alavaensis, new species; Liztor pilosus, new genus and species; and Cretepyris martini, new genus and species. Together this brings the total known fossil species of Bethylidae to 48. Unsurprisingly, given the antiquity of the taxa involved, placement in a living subfamily is difficult, especially for Cretepyris. The initial decision for its placement was doubtful between Bethylinae, for its more complete venation, and Epyrinae for the lack of clypeal mid-longitudinal carina or insertion, lack of propodeal anterior constriction, and lack of posterolateral spines (highlighting the doubts about the validity of Epyrinae as currently defined). However, the fossil subfamily Lancepyrinae was recently described from Lebanese amber, and the specimens from Spanish amber match al...
Robot-assisted lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer: report of 100 consecutive cases.

Background Robotics can facilitate dissection during video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy. This study describes a hybrid minimally invasive lobectomy procedure consisting of two phases: robotic vascular, hilar, and mediastinal dissection, and then VATS lobectomy. Methods Over a 54-month period, 100 consecutive patients with stage I and II (T1 or T2N0, and T1 or T2N1) lung cancer (42 men, 58 women; mean age 65 ± 8 years) underwent robotic VATS lobectomy. Results Lobectomies were right upper (29), right middle (7), right lower (17), left upper (31), and left lower (16). Mean operating room time was 216 ± 27 minutes. Tumor type was adenocarcinoma (57), squamous cell carcinoma (25), 7 adenosquamous carcinoma (7), bronchoalveolar (3), large cell (1), poorly differentiated (3), carcinoid (2), mucoepidermoid (1), spindle cell (1). Pathologic upstaging was noted in 17 patients (10 to stage IIB, 7 to stage IIIA). There was no emergent conversion to a thoracotomy. Median hospitalization was 4 days. Complications included atrial fibrillation (13), atelectasis (5), prolonged air leak (4), pleural effusion (3), pulmonary embolus (3), incisional bleeding (1), hydropneumothorax (1), dural leak (1), liver failure (1), pneumonia (1), respiratory failure (1), and cardiopulmonary arrest (1). There was no intraoperative death. Postoperative mortality was 3%. There were no deaths among the last 80 patients. At a median follow-up of 32 months (range, 1 to 59), 1 patient (1%) died of his cancer, 6 (6%) had distant metastases, and 2 (2%) had a second lung primary cancer. There was no local recurrence. Conclusions Robotics are feasible for mediastinal, hilar, and pulmonary vascular dissection during VATS lobectomy.
Resolving Cadherin Interactions at the Single Molecule Level

The cadherin family of Calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins are critical for the morphogenesis and functional organization of tissues in multicellular organisms, but the molecular interactions that are at the core of cadherin binding are poorly understood. The generally accepted model is that cadherins adhere in three stages. First, the functional unit of cadherin adhesion is a cis-dimer formed by the binding of the extracellular regions of two cadherins on the same cell surface. Second, formation of low affinity trans interactions between cadherin cis-dimers on opposing cell surfaces initiates cell-cell adhesion, and third lateral clustering of cadherins cooperatively strengthens intercellular adhesion. Direct molecular proof of these cadherin binding states during adhesion is, however, contradictory, and evidence for cooperativity is lacking. We used single molecule structural (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) and functional (Atomic Force Microscopy) assays to demonstrate directly that cadherin monomers interact via their outermost domain to form trans adhesive complexes. We could not detect the formation of cadherin cis-dimers, but found that increasing the density of cadherin monomers cooperatively increased the probability of trans-adhesive binding. We also resolved the role of Tryptophan-2 a key amino acid in cadherin trans-binding. These results resolve conflicting data on trans- and cis-cadherin binding states, and provide quantitative evidence for cooperativity in trans-cadherin adhesion.
Alcohol as a Risk Factor and Treatment Target for Hypertension

The prevalence of hypertension has risen precipitously in recent decades, reinforcing the need to improve both primary and secondary prevention efforts. The quantity of alcohol consumed may pose either benefits or risks on blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. This review describes how alcohol is currently integrated into hypertension clinical guidelines, the mechanisms through which alcohol may affect BP, and the epidemiologic studies evaluating the association between alcohol, changes in BP, and the risk of developing hypertension. This review considers the effects of total alcohol intake, plus specific types and patterns of alcohol intake. It also examines studies examining alcohol intake among existing hypertensive patients for the risk of mortality and incident cardiovascular disease. Based upon the current evidence on alcohol, BP, and hypertension, men and women currently consuming light-to-moderate amounts of alcohol should maintain their intake in terms of BP levels and hypertension prevention and treatment.
Altered lipid packing identifies apoptotic thymocytes

Abstract To test whether apoptotic thymocytes can be identified by altered packing of lipids in their plasma membranes, thymocytes were isolated from mice injected with hydrocortisone and stained with merocyanine 540 (MC540), a fluorescent probe sensitive to lipid packing. At 9–10 h after injection, a subpopulation of H2-K 10 cells with increased MC540 staining was clearly discernable. When DNA degradation was assessed by staining fixed cells with propidium iodide (PI), the fraction of cells with increased MC540 staining corresponded to the fraction with reduced PI staining. In addition, enriching for the former by fluorescence-activated cell sorting enriched for the latter. These results indicate that living apoptotic thymocytes can be identified and separated on the basis of altered lipid packing and increased staining with MC540.
Characterization of narrow micropores in almond shell biochars by nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen adsorption

Abstract Characterization of biochars usually includes surface area and pore volume determinations by nitrogen adsorption. In this study, we confirmed that there is a substantial pore volume in biochars created via slow pyrolysis from low- and high-ash almond shells that cannot be characterized in this fashion due to the narrow pore sizes. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide were used, in addition to nitrogen, to characterize these narrow micropores. All isotherms, when appropriately normalized, fell on the same characteristic curve which aided in the characterization and understanding of the pore structure. Based on the characteristic adsorption isotherm, the average pore size diameter was estimated to be 0.4–0.8 nm. When washed, the biochars’ pore volume increased but the narrow micropore structure remained. While the biochars were alkaline, the pH of the wash solution had no or little impact on the adsorption of CO2. Overall, the results suggest that N2 isotherms should be complemented with CO2 isotherms for proper characterization of biochars. Alignment of such normalized isotherms to characteristic curves can assist in generating a more complete understanding of the pore structure over the entire region of pore diameters.
Risk factors for and epidemiology of community-onset vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis in southeast Michigan

Background Given the known link between vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VREF) and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), the recent increase in prevalence of VREF in southeast Michigan has raised concerns about the presence of a large "community" reservoir of VREF. Efforts to control its spread face some important challenges. Methods Patients with clinical isolates of community-onset (CO) VREF (cases) were compared with matched uninfected controls (study 1) and patients with hospital-onset (HO) VREF (study 2). Here, CO was defined as a hospital stay of ≤2 days before VRE isolation. Results Independent predictors for the isolation of CO-VREF compared with uninfected controls were nonhome residence; chronic skin ulcers; previous invasive procedures/surgery; exposure to cephalosporin, penicillin, and/or vancomycin; immunosuppressive status; and the presence of indwelling devices. Independent predictors for isolation of CO-VREF compared with HO-VREF included no stay in an intensive care unit in the previous 3 months and recent hospitalization. VREF isolation from wounds and aminoglycoside exposure were inversely associated with isolation of CO-VREF. Conclusions Health care–related exposures and antimicrobial exposures are risk factors for the isolation of CO-VREF. Regional infection control practices are imperative in controlling CO-VREF, in addition to the emergence and spread of VRSA.
A history of psychology in Cuba

The history of psychology in Cuba and some of the sociohistorical and political forces impacting on the development of psychology are discussed. Three periods are identified: the colonial (1492-1898), the prerevolutionary (1898-1958), and the revolutionary (1959-present). Each period represents a major shift in the socioeconomic and political context shaping the development of psychology. Key figures are described in their historical context. Emphasis is given to foci and organizational growth of psychology during the revolutionary period.
The damping of helicon resonances in pure type II superconductors

Abstract The field dependence of the helicon resonance parameters in the mixed state of pure niobium have been measured. We find the quality factor, Q, of the observed resonance to be field independent in the mixed state and field dependent in the normal state. From this observation we infer a field independent Hall angle in the mixed state.
Memorial: Remembering Sara Little March 9, 1919–March 4, 2009

Say the name “Sara Little” in Religious Education circles, and her 1983 book, To Set One's Heart, is almost always mentioned in response. To Set One's Heart is a theoretical bible for many, particu...
Representations of Almost-Periodic Functions Using Generalized Shift-Invariant Systems in \mathbb{R}^{d}

The problem of estimating the AP-norm of univariate almost-periodic functions using a Gabor system or a wavelet system was studied by several authors, and culminated in the characterization given in a recent paper of the present author. The present article unifies and generalizes the various efforts via the study of this problem in the context of (multivariate) generalized shift-invariant (GSI) systems. The main result shows that the sought-for norm estimation of the AP functions is valid if and only if the given GSI system is an \(L_{2}({\mathbb{R}}^{d})\)-frame. Moreover, the frame bounds of the system are also the sharpest bounds in our estimation.
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus mutants are more efficacious than wild-type adenovirus Type 5 for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastomas in preclinical models.

Background High-risk neuroblastoma (Nb) is incurable using current treatment regimens in the majority of patients. Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel approach being tested for several types of adult cancers. Objectives To compare the susceptibility of Nb tumor models to oncolytic adenovirus and HSV mutants and delineate the mechanisms of resistance or sensitivity. Methods Human Nb cell lines were used to determine susceptibility to adenovirus type 5 wild-type and HSV1 mutant (NV1066) infection, adenovirus receptor expression, support of NV1066 replication, and induction of apoptosis. Human xenograft tumors in immunodeficient mice were evaluated for histological effects and tumor response to intratumoral injection of an oncolytic HSV mutant. Results All eight Nb cell lines tested in culture were relatively resistant to infection with wild type and attenuated adenoviruses. Cells expressed the cocksackie-adenovirus attachment receptor (CAR) but had low or absent expression of the internalization receptors (αvβ3, αvβ5 integrins). In contrast, all cells were uniformly sensitive to infection with the attenuated HSV mutant, NV1066. Productive virus replication and induction of apoptosis were observed in HSV-infected cells. CHLA-20 and LAN-5 xenograft tumors injected with a single dose of NV1066 showed a significant antitumor response, and the animals had a prolonged survival post infection in comparison to the PBS-treated control group. HSV injected tumors showed extensive areas of necrosis and morphologic evidence of apoptosis. Conclusions Nb tumor models are resistant to adenovirus mediated oncolysis but highly sensitive to HSV mediated oncolysis. Further studies of HSV virotherapy as a novel treatment for Nb are warranted. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Properties and Performance of the High Explosive ANTA

Summary 3-Amino-5-nitro-l,2,4-triazole (ANTA) was prepared and evaluated in terms of insensitivity and performance. The material is very insensitive to impact and moderately so to thermal stimuli. Performance was found to be inferior to 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB). The best synthesis of ANTA is a three-step route using commercially available 3,5-diamino- 1,2,4-triazole.
The p65 Isoform of Nrf1 Is a Dominant Negative Inhibitor of ARE-mediated Transcription

Oxidative stress-responsive transcription is regulated in part through cis-active sequences known as antioxidant response elements (ARE). Activation through the ARE involves members of the CNC-subfamily of basic leucine zipper proteins including Nrf1 and Nrf2. In particular, Nrf2 has been shown to coordinate induction of genes encoding antioxidant and phase 2 metabolizing enzymes in response to stimulation with electrophilic compounds and exposure to xenobiotics. Here we show that the 65-kDa isoform of the Nrf1 gene functions as a repressor of Nrf2. Transient expression of p65Nrf1 suppressed Nrf2-mediated activation of ARE-dependent reporter genes in cells. Induction of endogenous ARE-genes is blocked in Hepa1c1c7 cells stably expressing p65Nrf1 leading to increased cell death. Consistent with these findings, electrophilic activation of ARE-gene expression is augmented by loss of p65Nrf1 function in Nrf1–/– fibroblasts, and the protective effects of oxidative preconditioning and ARE-gene expression are blocked in Nrf1–/– cells stably expressing p65Nrf1. Gel shift experiments demonstrated that p65Nrf1 binds the antioxidant response element as a heterodimer with small-Maf protein. Immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that p65Nrf1 competes with Nrf2 for interaction with small-Maf protein and binding to the antioxidant response element in vivo. Together, these results demonstrate that p65Nrf1 has the potential to play an important role in modulating the response to oxidative stress by functioning as a transdominant repressor of Nrf2-mediated activation of ARE-dependent gene transcription.
Constant power loads in More Electric Vehicles - an overview

Power electronic converters are playing an ever increasingly important role in today's electric vehicles. These regulated power electronic converters act as Constant Power Loads (CPLs) to the converters driving them. A CPL has a negative input impedance which results in a destabilising effect on closed-loop converters driving them. The use of power electronics in More Electric Vehicles (MEVs) is discussed, along with the CPLs they present and how they are modeled. Negative impedance instability is then discussed and the stability of various DC-DC converter topologies when loaded by CPLs is analyzed in both voltage-mode and current-mode control operating in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) and Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM). Finally, the currently proposed control strategies that can stabilize a power electronic converter are discussed.
The internationalisation of operations management research

Operations management (OM) is a relatively new field of business, having become recognised as a standalone discipline in the mid 1980s. With this in mind, this study analyses the origins, geographical regions, countries, and institutions, of OM research in 11 top level academic journals from 1985 through 2010. Since the field is rather new and is still being developed, an analysis of current and past research constituents offers a unique opportunity to assess how research and education in OM has spread across the globe. We identify those geographic regions and countries that encourage and support OM research and education from the academic institutions within their boundaries. Further, through the research contributions of affiliated authors and PhD graduates, we identify those institutions within each country that are the leaders in terms of OM research and education efforts. We consider the research of faculty affiliated with each institution as well as the research of each institution’s PhD graduates. ...
Reply by Author to N.H. Kemp

Equations (8) and (9) seem particularly simple to use in Eqs. (4) and (1) to give the heat transfer rate to spheres in free molecule flow. Two other references have recently come to my attention with errors in the recovery factor. One is V. P. Shidlovskiy, Introduction to Dynamics of Rarefied Gases, American Elsevier, New York, 1967. On page 41, Eq. (2.52), the factor in front of erfs in the numerator should be divided by 2. The second is S. A. Shaaf," Mechanics of Rarefied Gases," in Handbuch Der Physik, Vol. Ill, No. 2, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1963. On page 605, Eq. (7.6), the last factor in the denominator should be multiplied by S.
Intraserial repetition effects in immediate memory

Seventy-five S s recalled series of consonants containing all possible locations of a single repeated element (RE) across 8 serial positions. When the two occurrences of the RE were adjacent or separated by one intervening nonrepeated element (NRE) there was facilitation both of overall recall and of recall for the positions of the RE. When occurrences of the RE were separated by two or more intervening NRE's, there was inhibition of recall at the locations of the RE. The possible roles of input and output processes in intraserial repetition effects were discussed.
Paleoenvironmental implications of the Quaternary distribution of the eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) in central Texas

Four Quaternary cave sites in central Texas demonstrate that the eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) ranged more than 600 km southwest of its modern distribution. Climatographs suggest that the late Pleistocene/early Holocene summer climates were either 7.5°C cooler and 120 mm moister than today or 300 mm moister, if temperature remained unchanged. The distribution of T. striatus also implies that mixed deciduous forest existed on the eastern Edwards Plateau at this time.
Navigating the Pediatric Microbiome: Emerging Evidence and Clinical Implications

There is emerging interest in the ability of the intestinal microbiome—the collective genome of resident microbes—to impact host function. Given the dynamics of development, the pediatric microbiome is of particular importance as alteration of microbial communities (microbiota) early in life may deeply influence long-term health and disease. This review explores the current understanding of the establishment and evolution of the microbiome in early life. It then discusses the evidence for three key spheres of microbiome-mediated disease in pediatrics: inflammatory bowel disease, obesity and atopic disease. The role of microbiota-derived therapeutics is also examined through the lens of future care for children. Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplant, a novel therapy to restore the microbiome, are explored and the rationale for caution outlined for infants and children. Ultimately, there is potential for research born out of the field to alter our paradigm of pediatric disease and its treatment.
Endovascular interventions for TASC II D femoropopliteal lesions.

Background Advances in endovascular techniques have provided new options in the treatment of complex infrainguinal occlusive lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of endovascular interventions on TransAtlantic InterSociety (TASC) II D femoropopliteal occlusive disease. Methods All patients undergoing endovascular interventions for femoropopliteal occlusive disease between July 2004 and July 2009 were reviewed. Patient demographics, pre- and postprocedure ankle-brachial indices (ABI) and anatomic factors were analyzed. Outcomes evaluated included primary patency, assisted-patency, secondary patency, predictors of restenosis, and wound healing. Results Five hundred eighty-five limbs were treated during the period reviewed. The study group included 79 TASC D limbs in 74 patients (mean age 76.5 ± 11.9 years, male sex: 53%). Fifty-six limbs (71%) underwent treatment for critical limb ischemia, including 42 (53%) with tissue loss. Eleven patients (15%) had previous failed bypasses. Preoperative ABIs were unobtainable for 23 patients, while the remaining 56 had a mean baseline ABI of 0.54 ± 0.28. There was one periprocedural mortality. Five patients (6.3%) had periprocedural complications. Mean increase in ABI postprocedure was 0.49 ± 0.35. Follow-up was available for 74 limbs at a mean of 10.7 months (range, 1-35). There were 18 mortalities (24.3%) during the follow-up period. No patient required a major amputation during this follow-up period. Twenty-one limbs (26.6%) experienced restenosis and nine limbs (11.4%) experienced occlusion. Twenty-nine limbs underwent reintervention during the follow-up time, including nine which underwent multiple reinterventions. Primary, assisted-primary, and secondary patency rates at 12 and 24 months were 52.2%, 88.4%, 92.6% and 27.5%, 74.2%, and 88.9%, respectively. Predictors of restenosis/occlusion included hypercholesterolemia, the presence of a popliteal artery stent, and patients who were current or former smokers. Conclusions Endovascular interventions for TASC II D lesions can be safely performed with excellent hemodynamic improvement and limb salvage rates. Restenosis is not uncommon in this population, which mandates strict follow-up. Further follow-up is necessary to determine the long-term efficacy of these interventions.
Private security companies

Although it was once assumed to be solely the province of the state, the private sector is increasingly involved in the use of force. Consider the recent experience in Iraq. When the Iraqi Army was...
A note on third-order structure functions in turbulence

Starting from the Navier–Stokes equation, we rigorously prove that a modified third–order structure function, Stilde3 ( r ) asymptotically equals –4 over 3 ∈ r (∈ is the dissipation rate) in an inertial regime. From this result, we rigorously confirm the Kolmogorov four–fifths law, without the Kolmogorov assumption on isotropy. Our definition of the structure function involves a solid angle averaging over all possible orientations of the displacement vector y , besides space–time averaging. Direct numerical simulation for a highly symmetric flow for a Taylor Reynolds number of up to 155, shows that the flow remains significantly anisotropic and that, without solid angle averaging, the resulting structure functions approximately satisfy these scaling relations over some range of r = l y l for some orientation of y , but not for another.
Against Direct Perception

Central to contemporary cognitive science is the notion that mental processes involve computations defined over internal representations. This view stands in sharp contrast to the “direct approach” to visual perception and cognition, whose most prominent proponent has been J.J. Gibson. In the direct theory, perception does not involve computations of any sort; it is the result of the direct pickup of available information. The publication of Gibson's recent book (Gibson 1979) offers an opportunity to examine his approach, and, more generally, to contrast the theory of direct perception with the computational/representational view. In the first part of the present article (Sections 2–3) the notion of “direct perception” is examined from a theoretical standpoint, and a number of objections are raised. Section 4 is a “case study”: the problem of perceiving the three-dimensional shape of moving objects is examined. This problem, which has been extensively studied within the immediate perception framework, serves to illustrate some of the inherent shortcomings of that approach. Finally, in Section 5, an attempt is made to place the theory of direct perception in perspective by embedding it in a more comprehensive framework.
The euro: How will it impact your treasury operations?

Brace for impact, warn the authors. The effect of euro currency conversion will be far-reaching—and will significantly affect U.S. companies' operations. The authors explain why and offer strategies that will help you avoid problems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia following orthotopic liver transplantation.

Aggressive T-cell neoplasms are an infrequent complication of allogeneic organ and bone marrow transplantation. To date, chronic T-cell lymphoproliferative malignancies have not been described. The present case documents the occurrence of a T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGL) in a patient following orthotopic liver transplantation. Genotype studies showed a clonal T-cell receptor α-chain gene rearrangement. A unique feature was the detection of a specific chromosomal deletion at 1p32 involving the tal-1 gene, an abnormality previously described only in aggressive T-cell neoplasms. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Wavelength errors in spectrographs. I: the effect of surface irregularities in camera mirrors.

High–dispersion astronomical coude spectrographs frequently give lower–precision radial velocities than expected. This is explained in part in terms of the variable spectral shifts along the plate produced by a camera mirror with zonal imperfections. For a mirror with a sinusoidal zonal irregularity, the standard deviation in the radial velocity depends inversely on the angular dispersion and size of the grating or prism and directly on the amplitude of the surface fluctuation. For a 300–mm grating with 1200 lines/mm used in first order at λ = 0.5 μm, a standard deviation of 0.06 km/sec is obtained for a single measurement if the surface has a peak–to–valley fluctuation of 1/20 wavelength of green light.
Medication therapy management services in West Virginia: pharmacists' perceptions of educational and training needs.

Abstract Background The Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 recognizes the challenges associated with drug therapy in elderly patients with multiple chronic diseases, and requires the development of medication therapy management services (MTMS) for such beneficiaries. Objective To assess pharmacists' perception of educational and training needs necessary to implement MTMS in community pharmacies in West Virginia, USA. Methods Self-administered mail surveys with an explanatory cover letter were mailed to the designated pharmacist-in-charge (PIC) of each licensed community pharmacy (506) in West Virginia. Main outcome measures included pharmacists' comfort level, perceptions of value to patients, barriers to provision of services, and pharmacists' interest in receiving education and training related to MTMS. Results Of the 503 surveys that were deliverable, 203 (40.4%) usable responses were received. Fifty-five (27.1%) PICs reported that MTMS are currently being provided in their pharmacy. Respondents were likely to use services that aid in the development of MTMS and disease-state management, felt relatively comfortable in providing MTMS, and had a favorable view of the value of services to patients, but reported that lack of time tended to be a barrier. Conclusion PICs in West Virginia are interested in and open to their pharmacists receiving education and training for implementation of MTMS.
Electronic poster: visualizing multiscale simulation data

Accurately modeling many physical and biological systems requires simulating at multiple scales. This results in large and heterogeneous data sets on vastly differing scales, both physical and temporal. Here we look specifically at blood flow in a patient-specific cerebrovasculature with a brain aneurysm, and analyze the interaction of platelets with the arterial walls that lead to thrombus formation.
“She Was Stomping on Everything That We Used to Think of as a Family”: Communication and Turning Points in Cohabiting (Step)Families

Over half of children living in cohabiting partner households reside with 1 biological parent and their parent's partner (Manning, 2006) Scholars suggest that the definition of “stepfamilies” should be expanded to account for these cohabiting partner households. In this study, we interviewed 28 (step)children whose parents had cohabited before remarrying. These stepchildren identified relational turning points (RTPs) and discussed how these RTPs affected their sense of feeling like a family. We organized these RTPs into 6 categories: (a) quality time, (b) remarriage, (c) changes in household and family composition, (d) relocation or geographical move, (e) conflict or disagreement, and (f) prosocial actions.
SCATTERING OF 217-MEV POSITIVE PIONS ON HYDROGEN

The total and differential cross section for the scattering of 217-Mev positive pions on hydrogen has been measured in nuclear emulsions. The total cross section, excepting Coulomb scattering, was found to be (151.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}18.2) mb. The angular distribution in the center of mass was fitted by $\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d\ensuremath{\Omega}}=(5.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.42)+(7.53\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.57)cos\ensuremath{\chi}+(20.36\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.61){cos}^{2}\ensuremath{\chi}$ mb/steradian, assuming $S$ and $P$ waves only. A phase shift analysis was carried out using the method of maximum likelihood. The phase-shift solution in agreement with the requirements of causality and corresponding to the preferred solution of de Hoffman et al. was ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{3}=\ensuremath{-}22.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5.8\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{33}=114.0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7.4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{31}=\ensuremath{-}11.6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}9.7\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$. The angular distribution showed strong forward scattering and a perference for positive Coulomb interference, in agreement with the hypothesis of a resonance in the state with angular momentum $\frac{3}{2}$ and isotopic spin $\frac{3}{2}$.
A Promising New Dearomatization Agent: Crystal Structure, Synthesis, and Exchange Reactions of the Versatile Complex TpRe(CO)(1-methylimidazole)(η2-benzene) (Tp = Hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate)

The π-basic metal fragment {TpRe(CO)(MeIm)} (MeIm = 1-methylimidazole; Tp = hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate) binds a variety of aromatic molecules, including benzene, 2,6-lutidine, and 1-methylpyrrole, in an η2 fashion. Although TpRe(CO)(MeIm)(η2-benzene) as a solid shows no decomposition over several months at 25 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere, the complex has proven to be a valuable precursor to a variety of other aromatic complexes through ligand exchange reactions in solution.
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in liver fibrosis: here today, gone tomorrow?

The concept of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has taken the fibrosis world by storm. It is perhaps the most intriguing and controversial of recent hypotheses on the mechanism of fibrosis that injured epithelial cells, via an EMT, contribute directly to matrix deposition and repair. Originally invoked as a source of collagen-producing cells in the kidney (1, 2), EMT is now thought to occur in fibrosis of the lung and, through the transition of both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, the liver (3–5). This has important theoretical and practical implications for studying fibrosis: EMT provides a potential mechanism for the rapid mobilization of large numbers of fibrogenic cells after injury, and it proceeds by unique signaling programs that may prove to be viable therapeutic targets.
Effect of Particle Size on Hydrogen Reduction Reaction Kinetics Parameters of Cu2O Powders

The 0.4mol•L-1CuSO4 liquor and 5mol•L-1NaOH liquor were prepared by CuSO4•5H2O and NaOH as raw materials. The Cu2O powders were prepared by dextrose reducer and PVP dispersant. The DTA-TG-DTG curves obtaining is by SDT 2960 Simultaneous DSC-TGA analysis apparatus. The mensuration condition that rise temperature velocity was 15°C•min-1 and reduction reaction gas was N2 and H2 admixture gas. The kinetics was analysed by DTA-TG-DTG curves. The result indicate that form of CuO was sphericity，the CuO granularity was about 100、200、1000nm. The apparent activation energy leave each other 165.24、247.65、327.01 KJ•mol-1, increase with granularity Cu2O. The frequency gene leave each other 1.22×1016、2.84×1022、1.41×1030, increase with granularity Cu2O. The reaction progression leave each other 1.20、1.12、1.05, decrease with granularity Cu2O.
Family Structure and Initiating Non-Medical Drug Use among Adolescents.

Using data from the 1991 and 1992 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the relative risk of initiating non-medical drug use by 12-17-year-old adolescents living in families without both biological parents present compared to those living with both biological parents. To hold constant unmeasured socio-environmental confounding factors, we employed an epidemiological strategy that involves post-stratification of adolescents into neighborhood risk sets. The results indicated that adolescents living in families without both parents were more likely to initiate non-medical drug use, but these associations were varied by sex. These results help measure the impact of divorce/separation/death and/or remarriage of parents on adolescents and identify subgroups at a higher risk for initiating non-medical drug use.
Protection of prostaglandin H synthase from trypsin upon binding of heme

Abstract The sensitivity of the apo- and holoenzyme forms of prostaglandin H synthase to trypsin have been investigated. Both the cyclooxygenase and peroxidase activities associated with the synthase were rapidly lost from the apoenzyme when incubated with trypsin. However, both activities were resistant to trypsin in the holoenzyme, suggesting that some structural change accompanies heme binding. Inactive protein present in some holoenzyme preparations, although indistinguishable from the synthase subunit by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was also hydrolyzed by trypsin.
Development of a parallel plate proportional counter TRD with suppressed sensitivity to ionization

Abstract The development of a parallel plate proportional counter which has a highly suppressed sensitivity to ionization but retains a good X-ray signal to noise ratio is presented. Details of the laboratory development and actual beam tests showing the π e rejection are described. Because of its insensitivity to ionization this type of detector can be useful in an environment where the number of minimum ionizing particles is high, but uninteresting; however, the detector is very sensitive to the highly localized electron cloud from converted X-rays making it ideal as a transition radiation X-ray detector. Thus, this detector only gives a signal for charged particles above TR threshold; all other particles below this threshold produce no TR X-rays giving only a pedestal-like signal. The system's potential performance for p π separation in the intended neutral hyperon experiment is evaluated.
Parametric generation of tunable mid-infrared radiation

We report a singly resonant, 2.05 µm pumped Zinc Germanium Phosphide optical parametric oscillator with high pulse energy at an energy conversion efficiency of 27.5%. It generates up to 17.3mJ with the tunability over 4.3-10.1µm.
Solution of moving boundary problems for gas—solid noncatalytic reactions by orthogonal collocation—revisited

Abstract An integral transformation, a coordinate transformation for immobilization of the moving boundary, and orthogonal collocation are used to reduce a nonlinear initial-boundary value problem in time and space to a set of ordinary differential equations in time with given initial conditions. The method is developed for solution of models for gas—solid noncatalytic reactions and is especially useful for moving boundary, two-stage reaction problems. The method represents an advantage and an alternative to the available finite difference techniques. Results of various gas—solid reaction models are analyzed.
Electric Current Basis Functions for Curved Surfaces

ABSTRACT Differential geometry is used to construct basis functions for representing currents on curved surfaces. These basis functions are appropriate for method of moments solution of boundary integral equations derived from Maxwell's equations. They maintain the essential properties of the basis functions of Rao, Wilton, and Glisson, while allowing higher order basis functions (more variables per patch). The use of these functions is expected to result in a large reduction in the computational resources required to solve a given problem to a fixed level of accuracy.
Generalized simulated annealing for function optimization

A generalized simulated annealing method has been developed and applied to the optimization of functions (possibly constrained) having many local extrema. The method is illustrated in some difftcult pedagogical examples and used to solve a problem analyzed by Bates (Technometrics, 25, pp. 373–376, 1983) for which we identify an improved optimum. The sensitivity of the solution to changes in the constraints and in other specifications of the problem is analyzed and discussed.
HPLC ANALYSIS OF HALOPERIDOL AND ITS RELATED COMPOUND IN THE DRUG SUBSTANCE AND A TABLET DOSAGE FORM USING A NON-POROUS SILICA OCTADECYLSILANE COLUMN

A fast and sensitive reverse phase HPLC-UV method for the separation and quantitation of haloperidol and its related compound 4,4′-Bis[4-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidino] bu-tyrophenone} in both drug substance and tablet dosage form is reported. A non-porous silica (NPS) ODS-1 column was used as the stationary phase and the mobile phase consisted of 77:23 v/v 50 mM phosphate buffer with 0.2% triethylamine (TEA) pH 2.5/acetonitrile. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min with detection at 220 nm. The method was successfully applied to the determination of haloperidol and its related compound in both drug substance and tablet dosage form. The detection limits were 1 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL for haloperidol and its related compound, respectively, based on a signal to noise ratio of 3 and a 10 μL injection. Linear calibration curves of 10–150 μg/mL and 0.2–15 μg/mL, for haloperidol and its related compound, respectively, showed coefficients of determination of 0.9993 (n=6). Precision calculated as % RSD and accuracy calc...
Recent progress in perceptual learning research.

Perceptual learning is defined as long-term improvement in perceptual or sensory systems resulting from repeated practice or experience. As the number of perceptual learning studies has increased, controversies and questions have arisen regarding divergent aspects of perceptual learning, including: (1) stages in which perceptual learning occurs, (2) effects of training type, (3) changes in neural processing during the time course of learning, (4) effects of feedback as to correctness of a subject's responses, and (5) double training. Here we review each of these aspects and suggest fruitful directions for future perceptual learning research. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:293–299. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1175 This article is categorized under: Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics
Infrared measurements of increased CF 2 Cl 2 (CFC-12) absorption above the South Pole

An increase in the CF2Cl2 total vertical column above the South pole of 1.24 + or - 0.15 over a 6-year period from 1980 to 1986, corresponding to an average increase of 3.6 + or - 2.1 percent, is found by high-resolution, ground-based solar spectra analyzed in the nu(8) band Q branches at 1161/cm of CF2Cl. This rate of increase is lower than indicated by in situ measurements at the South Pole over the same period, but substantial agreement results when the rather large error margins of the spectral analysis results are considered.
Synergistic Effects of Self-Recovering Viscoelastic Tribological Nanosystems

This paper analyzes the possible mechanisms responsible for the synergistic performances of micellar copper oxide and polymer additives on wear and friction characteristics in tribological systems. In order to evaluate the synergistic effect, a new wear-friction test apparatus was developed and used in the presented work. The sensor electronic system was designed and built for simultaneous measurements of the temperature in the lubricating zone and the normal force. These two parameters allowed estimating a healing efficiency of the viscoelastic nanolubricant. The effect of both rheological properties (both viscous and elastic properties) and the composition (concentration of nanoparticles to base liquid and a surfactant) of the metalworking nanofluids on the tribological process performances was determined.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Postoperative assessment of the patient after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery

While most transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is accomplished without complication, monitoring is required postoperatively for a set of disorders that are specific to this surgery. Postoperative assessments are tailored to the early and later postoperative periods. In the early period, which spans the first few weeks after surgery, both monitoring of anterior and posterior pituitary function and managing neurosurgical issues are the focus of care. Potential disruption of pituitary-adrenal function is covered with perioperative glucocorticoids. Various strategies exist for ensuring the integrity of this axis, but typically this is done by measuring a morning cortisol on the 2nd or 3rd postoperative days. Patients with levels <10 μg/l should continue therapy with reassessment in the later postoperative period. Monitoring for water imbalances, which are due to deficiency or excess of ADH (DI or SIADH, respectively), is accomplished by continuous accounting of fluid intake, urine output and specific gravities coupled with daily serum electrolyte measurements. DI is characterized by excess volumes of inappropriately dilute urine, which can lead to hypernatremia. Most patients maintain adequate fluid intake and euvolemia, but desmopressin therapy is required for some. SIADH, which peaks in incidence on 7th postoperative day, presents with hyponatremia that can be severe and symptomatic. Management consists of fluid restriction. Neurosurgical monitoring is primarily for disturbances in vision or neurological function, and although uncommon, for CSF leak and infections such as meningitis. In the later postoperative period, the adrenal, thyroid and gonadal axes are assessed. New persistent hypopituitarism is rare when transsphenoidal surgery is performed by an experienced surgeon. Various strategies are available for assessing each axis and for providing replacement therapy in patients with deficiencies. Long term monitoring with assessments of visual, neurological and pituitary function coupled with pituitary imaging is necessary for all patients who have undergone surgery, irrespective of the hormone status of their tumors.