cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solubility of Lamotrigine, Diazepam, Clonazepam, and Phenobarbital in Propylene Glycol + Water Mixtures at 298.15 K

Experimental solubilities of four antiepileptic drugs, that is, lamotrigine, diazepam, clonazepam, and phenobarbital in propylene glycol + water mixtures at 298.15 K were reported. The solubility of drugs was increased with the addition of propylene glycol, and the maximum values are observed in neat propylene glycol. The Jouyban−Acree model was used to fit the experimental data, and the solubilities were reproduced using a previously trained version of the Jouyban−Acree model and the solubility data in monosolvents in which the overall mean deviations (OMDs) of the models were 6.0 % and 14.3 %, respectively. Solubilities were also predicted by a previously established log-linear model of Yalkowsky with an OMD of 37.7 %. More accurate predictions were provided using the Jouyban−Acree model in comparison with the log-linear model of Yalkowsky.
Revolution rather than rotation of AAA+ hexameric phi29 nanomotor for viral dsDNA packaging without coiling.

Abstract It has long been believed that the DNA-packaging motor of dsDNA viruses utilizes a rotation mechanism. Here we report a revolution rather than rotation mechanism for the bacteriophage phi29 DNA packaging motor. The phi29 motor contains six copies of the ATPase ( Schwartz et al., this issue ); ATP binding to one ATPase subunit stimulates the ATPase to adopt a conformation with a high affinity for dsDNA. ATP hydrolysis induces a new conformation with a lower affinity, thus transferring the dsDNA to an adjacent subunit by a power stroke. DNA revolves unidirectionally along the hexameric channel wall of the ATPase, but neither the dsDNA nor the ATPase itself rotates along its own axis. One ATP is hydrolyzed in each transitional step, and six ATPs are consumed for one helical turn of 360°. Transition of the same dsDNA chain along the channel wall, but at a location 60° different from the last contact, urges dsDNA to move forward 1.75 base pairs each step (10.5 bp per turn/6ATP=1.75 bp per ATP). Each connector subunit tilts with a left-handed orientation at a 30° angle in relation to its vertical axis that runs anti-parallel to the right-handed dsDNA helix, facilitating the one-way traffic of dsDNA. The connector channel has been shown to cause four steps of transition due to four positively charged lysine rings that make direct contact with the negatively charged DNA phosphate backbone. Translocation of dsDNA into the procapsid by revolution avoids the difficulties during rotation that are associated with DNA supercoiling. Since the revolution mechanism can apply to any stoichiometry, this motor mechanism might reconcile the stoichiometry discrepancy in many phage systems where the ATPase has been found as a tetramer, hexamer, or nonamer.
High-Purity Versus High-Defect-Density Semiinsulating Substrates for SiC MESFET: Simulation of Device Characteristics

Quantitative assessment of the influence of deep traps in semiinsulating (SI) SiC substrates on transient behavior and substrate leakage current of SiC MESFET is reported. Twodimensional device simulation confirmed that favorable reduction of the current-collapse happens when a fully depleted buffer is used. Simultaneously, the high-purity buffer causes an undesirable increase of the current bypassing the physical channel. A similar and even more pronounced effect is observed when very high purity SI substrates are used. The deep level-induced transient behavior disappears for the concentration of deep acceptor traps below the order of 1x1015 cm-3. However, this low trap concentration results in a virtual inability to pinch-off the channel even at very high gate biases. It has been demonstrated that the electric field preventing electron injection from thechannel into the substrate is very sensitive to the initial charge state of the traps prior to device biasing, which in turn is determined by the energy position of the deep levels in the substrate.
Can indeterminacy resolve the cross-country correlation puzzle?

Abstract Are productivity shocks the only driving force of international business fluctuations? In this paper I argue that another source of uncertainty—changes in market expectations or ‘sunspots’ – is also important. One major shortcoming of existing IRBC models is the ‘cross-country correlation puzzle’: models tend to generate cross-country consumption correlations that are too high and output, investment and employment correlations that are too low when compared to the data. I show that with empirically supported level of increasing returns, an otherwise standard model possesses multiple, indeterminate convergent paths to the steady state, which allow for sunspots to influence the economy. The model displays time series properties that in many ways match the data better than the conventional model. It is especially successful in generating realistic consumption and output correlations.
Watching rocks grow

Unlike most rocks, calcium carbonate at geothermal hotsprings grows at a visible rate, thus enabling a comparison between time-lapse photography, mathematical models and simulations of the growth dynamics.
Fluorescence lifetime components of Texas red-labelled bovine serum albumin: Comparison of bulk and adsorbed states

Abstract Fluorescence lifetime measurements can provide information about the microenvironment of a fluorophore in a protein molecule. Thus, a change of fluorescence lifetime, which is induced by the adsorption of a protein at an interface, can be symptomatic of the interface-induced conformational change and/or indicative of a particular structure of the adsorbed protein layer. In experiments reported here, a commercially available phase fluorometer has been modified so that fluorescence can be excited with an evanescent electromagnetic surface wave rather than with conventional propagating light, thus rendering the fluorescence measurements surface sensitive. Fluorescence lifetime of Texas Red-labelled bovine serum albumin (BSA-TR) has been found to decrease significantly when the labelled protein was adsorbed from solution onto the unmodified quartz surface. A model for protein adsorption is proposed in terms which the lifetime results can be interpreted.
Selective chemical etching of polycrystalline SiGe alloys with respect to Si and SiO 2

Polycrystalline SiGe etches that are selective to silicon dioxide as well as silicon are needed for flexibility in device fabrication. A solution of NH4OH, H2O2, and H2O has been found to selectivity etch polycrystalline silicon-germanium alloys over both silicon and silicon dioxide. Optimum composition of the solution was determined by maximizing etch rates for SiGe films with several germanium compositions. The dependence of etch rates on germanium content, etching temperature, and doping concentration are reported. The etch rate and selectivity are approximately exponentially proportional to the germanium content. Etching was found to be insensitive to deposition method, doping method, and annealing conditions of the SiGe films. In addition, etching leaves a smooth silicon substrate surface after removal of SiGe films.
Support vector machine classifiers for sequential decision problems

Classification problems in critical applications such as health care or security often require very high reliability because of the high costs of errors. In order to achieve this reliability, such systems often require the use of sequential inspections, where additional data can be collected to resolve ambiguous test cases. It is impractical or costly to collect this additional data on every sample, so one must find identify a policy that selects which samples need further examination. In this paper, we present a theory for designing support vector machine classifiers that include the option to delay decision and collect further information. We present a convex programming formulation for training such classifiers, and define a fast coordinate ascent algorithm to solve the dual of this optimization problem. The performance of the resulting classifiers is evaluated on a test suite involving detection of malignancies in hyperspectral measurements of colon polyps collected during colonoscopies.
Efficacy of SSG and SSG/IFNα2 against human prostate cancer xenograft tumors in mice: a role for direct growth inhibition in SSG anti-tumor action

Pre-clinical activity of SSG against melanoma and renal cancer has been identified recently although the drug’s mechanism of action and activity against tumors of additional histological-types remain undefined. The effects of SSG and SSG combination with other agents on DU145 human prostate carcinoma xenograft tumors in mice and on DU145 cell subpopulations of differential SSG sensitivities were evaluated. DU145 tumor growth was inhibited by SSG (69%), IFNα2 (33%) or the combination (80%) that induced complete regression of WM9 human melanoma tumors. DU145 cells in culture were also partially growth inhibited by SSG at killing doses (200–800 μg/ml) for WM9 cells, indicating a correlation of SSG inhibition of cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. DU145 cells formed multiple micro tumors in mice treated with SSG or SSG/IFNα2 in contrast to the single large tumors in the control or IFNα2-treated mice, suggesting the existence of an SSG-resistant subpopulation in DU145 cells. Indeed, DU145 but not WM9 cells formed colonies (∼4% frequency) when cultured in the presence of SSG. Single cell clone (DU145–7) isolated from DU145 cells showed SSG-resistant growth in culture, unassociated with cross-resistance to IFNα2 and converted to SSG-responsive cells by BSO that inhibited intracellular glutathione levels. These results implicate a role for direct growth inhibition in SSG anti-tumor action, provide novel insights into the mechanism of tumor resistance to the drug and suggest a therapeutic potential for SSG and its combinations with IFNα2 or BSO for prostate cancer that warrants further investigation.
Non-perturbative lattice study of the electroweak model with dynamical fermions

Abstract Recent non-perturbative lattice studies of the Electroweak Model with dynamical fermions are reviewed. Important non-perturbative issues are introduced and the potential of lattice investigations is emphasized. Implications of unitarity bounds on electroweak S-matrix elements and early renormalization group arguments for mass bounds are presented for comparison with new lattice work on related questions. The Higgs sector with strong Yukawa coupling to heavy fermions will be discussed in two simple models. The effects of dynamical fermion loops on the SU (2) W phase diagram of the Electroweak Model will be reviewed. The lattice approach to the strongly coupled Standard Model will be discussed as a first warm-up study to investigate composite models on supercomputers.
Assessment of CALIPSO attenuated backscatter and aerosol retrievals with a combined ground-based multi-wavelength lidar and sunphotometer measurement

Abstract CALIPSO Level-1 attenuated backscatter and Level-2 aerosol products (Version-3.01) are evaluated with a combined ground-based lidar and AERONET-sunphotometer measurements in the daytime over the New York metropolitan area. To assess the CALIPSO Level-1 product, we combine the co-located ground-lidar and sunphotometer to derive aerosol extinction and backscatter profiles, and then simulate the CALIPSO equivalent attenuated backscatter coefficients. Direct statistical comparisons show a strong correlation (R = 0.92) and modest relative errors. Both dust and smoke plume events are focused to evaluate CALIPSO Level-2 aerosol layer products. The CALIPSO algorithms for cloud-aerosol discrimination and aerosol type classification are shown for the most part to work well, with a few exceptions in cases of aloft plumes with high aerosol loading. Small partitions of dense smoke are misclassified as the clouds or polluted dusts in the CALIPSO product. The aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients are generally consistent between the CALIPSO and ground-based retrievals, but both geometric thickness and column optical depths of aerosol layers from CALIPSO products are underestimated. In addition, we find that some weakly scattering aerosol layers are clearly displayed by the ground-based lidar, but not identified by the current CALIPSO algorithm due to the detection sensitivity issue.
Large eddy simulation of temporally developing juncture flows

SUMMARY Large eddy simulation (LES) results are reported for temporally developing solid‐solid and solid‐rigidlid juncture flows. A MacCormack-type scheme that is second-order in time, and fourth-order in space for the convective terms and second-order in space for the viscous terms, is used. The simulations are obtained for a low subsonic Mach number. The subgrid-scale stresses (SGS) are modeled using the dynamic modeling procedure. The turbulent flow field generated on a flat-plate boundary layer is used to initialize the juncture flow simulations. The results of the flat-plate boundary layer simulations are validated with experimental and direct numerical simulations (DNS) data. In juncture flow simulations, the presence of an adjacent solid-wall:rigid-lid boundary altered the mean and the turbulent field, setting up gradients in the anisotropy of normal Reynolds stresses resulting in the formation of turbulence-induced secondary vortices. The relative size of these secondary vortices and the distribution of mean and turbulent quantities are in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations for the solid‐solid juncture. The overall distribution of the mean and turbulence quantities showed close resemblance between the solid‐solid and the solid‐rigid-lid junctures; except for the absence of a second vortical region near the rigid-lid boundary. In agreement with the experimental observations, it was found that the normalized anisotropy term exhibited similarity when plotted against the distance from the boundary, regardless of the type of boundary, i.e. solid-wall or rigid-lid. The turbulent kinetic energy increased near the rigid-lid boundary. While the surface normal velocity fluctuations decreased to zero at the rigid-lid boundary, the other two velocity components showed an increase in their energy, which is also consistent with the experimental observations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vascular surgery residency training curriculum

Abstract The decision to establish a vascular surgery residency confers significant obligations on the institution, the program director, and the faculty. An optimal vascular residency training program must be carefully structured both organizationally and educationally. The Residency Review Committee for Surgery has developed a generally complete and well-reasoned group of requirements for the vascular residency. Nonetheless the program director has considerable latitude in shaping the residency to accommodate these requirements. Our institutional approach to the structure and content of vascular surgery residency training is presented herein. (J VASC SURG 1990;12:79-83.)
We Who Are Dark: The Philosophical Foundations of Black Solidarity by Tommie Shelby

Political philosophy and its methods have become a crucial resource in critical Black Studies over the last twenty years. This is evident in the pioneering work of scholars like Kwame Anthony Appia...
The Evolutionary Dynamics of Autonomous Non-LTR Retrotransposons in the Lizard Anolis Carolinensis Shows More Similarity to Fish Than Mammals

The genome of the lizard Anolis carolinensis (the green anole) is the first nonavian reptilian genome sequenced. It offers a unique opportunity to comparatively examine the evolution of amniote genomes. We analyzed the abundance and diversity of non-LTR (long terminal repeat) retrotransposons in the anole using the Genome Parsing Suite. We found that the anole genome contains an extraordinary diversity of elements. We identified 46 families of elements representing five clades (L1, L2, CR1, RTE, and R4). Within most families, elements are very similar to each other suggesting that they have been inserted recently. The rarity of old elements suggests a high rate of turnover, the insertion of new elements being offset by the loss of element-containing loci. Consequently, non-LTR retrotransposons accumulate in the anole at a low rate and are found in low copy number. This pattern of diversity shows some striking similarity with the genome of teleostean fish but contrasts greatly with the low diversity and high copy number of mammalian L1 elements, suggesting a fundamental difference in the way mammals and nonmammalian vertebrates interact with their genomic parasites. The scarcity of divergent elements in anoles suggests that insertions have a deleterious effect and are eliminated by natural selection. We propose that the low abundance of non-LTR retrotransposons in the anole is related directly or indirectly to a higher rate of ectopic recombination in the anole relative to mammals.
Proton Therapy Versus Photon Radiation Therapy for the Management of a Recurrent Desmoid Tumor of the Right Flank: A Case Report

Desmoid tumors are benign mesenchymal tumors with a strong tendency for local recurrence after surgery. Radiotherapy improves local control following incomplete resection, but nearby organs at risk may limit the dose to the target volume. The patient in this report presented with a recurrent desmoid tumor of the right flank and underwent surgery with microscopically positive margins. Particular problems presented in this case included that the tumor bed was situated in close proximity to the liver and the right kidney and that the right kidney was responsible for 65% of the patient’s renal function. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy plans delivering 54 Gy necessarily exposed the right kidney to a V18 of 98% and the liver to a V30 of 55%. Proton therapy plans significantly reduced the right kidney V18 to 32% and the liver V30 to 28%. In light of this, the proton plan was utilized for treatment of this patient. Proton therapy was tolerated without gastrointestinal discomfort or other complaints. Twenty-four months after initiation of proton therapy, the patient is without clinical or radiographic evidence of disease recurrence. In this setting, the improved dose distribution associated with proton therapy allowed for curative treatment of a patient who arguably could not have been safely treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy or other methods of conventional radiotherapy.
Noninvasive detection of response and resistance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer using quantitative next-generation genotyping of cell-free plasma DNA

Purpose: Tumor genotyping using cell-free plasma DNA (cfDNA) has the potential to allow noninvasive assessment of tumor biology, yet many existing assays are cumbersome and vulnerable to false-positive results. We sought to determine whether droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) of cfDNA would allow highly specific and quantitative assessment of tumor genotype. Experimental Design: ddPCR assays for EGFR , KRAS , and BRAF mutations were developed using plasma collected from patients with advanced lung cancer or melanoma of a known tumor genotype. Sensitivity and specificity were determined using cancers with nonoverlapping genotypes as positive and negative controls. Serial assessment of response and resistance was studied in patients with EGFR -mutant lung cancer on a prospective trial of erlotinib. Results: We identified a reference range for EGFR L858R and exon 19 deletions in specimens from KRAS -mutant lung cancer, allowing identification of candidate thresholds with high sensitivity and 100% specificity. Received operative characteristic curve analysis of four assays demonstrated an area under the curve in the range of 0.80 to 0.94. Sensitivity improved in specimens with optimal cfDNA concentrations. Serial plasma genotyping of EGFR -mutant lung cancer on erlotinib demonstrated pretreatment detection of EGFR mutations, complete plasma response in most cases, and increasing levels of EGFR T790M emerging before objective progression. Conclusions: Noninvasive genotyping of cfDNA using ddPCR demonstrates assay qualities that could allow effective translation into a clinical diagnostic. Serial quantification of plasma genotype allows noninvasive assessment of response and resistance, including detection of resistance mutations up to 16 weeks before radiographic progression. Clin Cancer Res; 20(6); 1698–705. ©2014 AACR . This article is featured in Highlights of This Issue, [p. 1399][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/20/1399?iss=6
The inspiratory maneuver: a simple method to assess the superficial lamina propria during endoscopy.

Summary We describe a simple means of assessing the condition of the superficial lamina propria during endoscopy, which we use in our practice as an adjunct to careful stroboscopic examination. An intake of breath against partially adducted vocal folds serves to draw the mucosa inferomedially into the glottis, which reveals areas of diminished mobility, the relationship of mucosal lesions to deeper tissues of the vocal folds, and subtle submucosal lesions. This is possible because of the unique geometry of the glottis that renders the vector forces of airflow different at inspiration and expiration. Because the integrity of the superficial lamina propria is essential to healthy phonation, we have found the inspiratory maneuver useful across a wide variety of mucosal pathologic conditions.
Cancer: the road to Amiens.

“The Battle of Amiens, which began on 8 August 1918, was the opening phase of the Allied offensive...that ultimately led to the end of World War I. Allied forces advanced over seven miles on the first day, one of the greatest advances of the war.” “The importance of this offensive in tactical terms was that it...provided a further example of the effectiveness of shifting from stagnant trench warfare to mobile multifaceted warfare.”
Structure of the primed paramyxovirus fusion protein

Viruses with lipid envelopes must fuse their membranes with those of host cells to transfer their genomes and initiate infection. Depending on the virus, the membrane fusion process can occur at the plasma membrane, or at intracellular membranes following the internalization of virus particles. Not surprisingly, the viral proteins responsible for membrane fusion are highly diverse, as are the mechanisms by which the fusion processes can be triggered; however, common themes have emerged as our understanding of membrane fusion has developed. In particular, an expanding repertoire of high-resolution structures of viral fusion proteins (F proteins; VFPs) in pre- and postfusion conformations has driven the field forward. From these, we know that many VFPs undergo substantial conformational changes during fusion, forming highly stable rod-like structures to draw the membranes together (1⇓–3). Despite this, for VFPs other than influenza HA (4⇓⇓–7), high-resolution structures for all three major static conformations adopted during the virus life cycle, uncleaved prefusion, primed prefusion and postfusion, have remained incomplete. These limitations have hindered our development of insights into the fusion mechanism of viruses that, unlike influenza virus, enter cells at the plasma membrane at neutral pH. In a groundbreaking report in PNAS (8), Welch et al. solve the high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of the cleaved, prefusion form of the F protein of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5). This alters the state of affairs by providing an essential missing link in the understanding of paramyxovirus entry. In conjunction with previous work by these laboratories (9, 10), the new structure now affords us with a complete set of all three major static conformations of paramyxovirus F proteins (Fig. 1), a tour de force representing many years of effort …
Expanding Oldenburg: homes as third places

Purpose – The purpose of this research study is to extend the concept of third places, as explained by Oldenburg (2000), as being places designed as meeting places and as being dynamic rather than static. Design/methodology/approach – The primary site for this paper is a neighborhood ritual of shared meals that has taken place every Wednesday for the past fourteen years. This was a 6 month study focusing on semi-structured interviews. Findings – Characteristics of third places when compared to other arguments for the classification of third place supports the use of space instead of the purpose of a place as the main consideration for the classification of “third place”. Research limitations/implications – Defining social events within homes as third spaces pushes the traditional third place theory forward. It offers a way for rituals to be explored more deeply through the experiences they offer. Practical implications – This study asks the reader to pay attention to the periphery where interaction takes ...
Enhanced in vivo repair of O4-methylthymine by a mutant human DNA alkyltransferase

The repair of O(6)-methylguanine (m(6)G) by human O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (hAGT) is approximately 5000-fold greater than that for O(4)-methylthymine (m(4)T). To evaluate each adduct's contribution to mutagenesis, we previously created a mutant hAGT with increased specificity for m(4)T in vitro. The mutant and wild-type (WT) hAGT have now been expressed in bacterial strains that allow for the specific detection of A:T-->G:C and G:C-->A:T mutations induced by m(4)T and m(6)G, respectively. After exposure to the mutagenic methylating agent, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, A:T-->G:C substitutions were reduced >4-fold in cells expressing the mutant hAGT compared with 1. 1-fold for WT hAGT. G:C-->A:T substitutions were decreased >2.5-fold in cells expressing the mutant hAGT, whereas WT hAGT totally prevented G:C-->A:T mutations. These results demonstrate that the altered substrate specificity of hAGT observed in vitro also occurs in vivo, and that it is responsible for the observed differences in mutations.
AN INTERVIEW WITH ROBERT J. SHILLER

A recent article in The Economist magazine divided economists into “poets” and “plumbers,” the former articulating radical new visions of the field and the latter patiently installing the infrastructure needed to implement those visions. Bob Shiller is the rare economist who is both poet and plumber. Not only that, he is also entrepreneur and pundit. His work has fundamentally changed the theory, econometrics, practice, and popular understanding of finance.Starting in the late 1970's, Bob boldly challenged the prevailing orthodoxy of financial economics. He showed that financial asset prices often deviate substantially from the levels predicted by simple efficient-markets models, and he developed new empirical methods to measure these price deviations. In the early 1980's, Bob went on to argue that economists need a much more detailed understanding of investor psychology if they are to understand asset price movements. He pioneered the emerging field of behavioral economics and its most successful branch, behavioral finance. At the end of the century, Bob articulated his vision of finance in a wildly successful popular book, Irrational Exuberance. He became so well known that TIAA-CREF asked him to appear in a series of full-page advertisements in the popular press.Although Bob does not believe that investors use financial markets in a perfectly rational manner, he does believe that these markets offer great possibilities to improve the human condition. His recent work asks how existing financial markets can be used, and new financial markets can be designed, to improve the sharing of risks across groups of people in different regions, countries, and occupations. He has explored risk-sharing possibilities not only in journal articles, but also in business ventures and a 2003 book, The New Financial Order: Risk in the 21st Century.It was a great privilege for me to interview Bob Shiller. Bob's arrival at Yale when I was a Ph.D. student there set the course of my career as an economist. Bob reinvigorated the Yale tradition of macroeconomics, with its emphasis on the central role of financial markets in the macroeconomy and its idealism about the possibility of improving macroeconomic outcomes. First as a thesis adviser, then as a coauthor, mentor, and friend, Bob showed me how to contribute to this tradition.The interview took place at the 2003 annual meetings of the Allied Social Science Associations in Washington, D.C. We met in a hotel suite, ate a room service meal, and had the enjoyable conversation that is reproduced below.
Method for measuring long-term function of muscle-powered implants via radiotelemetry.

Long-term remote monitoring of muscle-powered implants has been made possible with development of an adjustable workload that can be remotely monitored to assess device function. This technique obv...
Condensate Retention Effects on the Performance of Plain-Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchangers: Retention Data and Modeling

A study of condensate retention is presented for plain-fin-and-tube heat exchangers typical to those used in air-cooling applications. An experiment in which the retained mass of air-side condensate was measured under dynamic conditions is described, and the results are analyzed using conventional thermal-hydraulic measurements of j and f. With the coupling between condensate retention and thermal performance established, a new model for predicting the mass of retained condensate is described and compared to the steady-state retention data. The model is successful in predicting retained condensate under relatively restricted conditions. The promise of this new approach, and possible refinements that will add engineering value are discussed.
Convective Systems Over the South China Sea: Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations

Abstract The two-dimensional version of the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model is used to simulate two South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) convective periods [18–26 May (prior to and during the monsoon onset) and 2–11 June (after the onset of the monsoon) 1998]. Observed large-scale advective tendencies for potential temperature, water vapor mixing ratio, and horizontal momentum are used as the main forcing in governing the GCE model in a semiprognostic manner. The June SCSMEX case has stronger forcing in both temperature and water vapor, stronger low-level vertical shear of the horizontal wind, and larger convective available potential energy (CAPE). The temporal variation of the model-simulated rainfall, time- and domain-averaged heating, and moisture budgets compares well to those diagnostically determined from soundings. However, the model results have a higher temporal variability. The model underestimates the rainfall by 17% to 20% compared to that based on soundings. The GCE model-simulat...
Human-Caused Mortality and Population Trends of American Marten and Fisher in a U.S. National Park

Abstract American marten (Martes americana) and fisher (M. pennanti) are susceptible to overharvest. National Park Service policies require managers to ensure long-term population viability of native wildlife while concurrently provide recreation opportunities, which can include harvest of wildlife. I investigated human-caused mortality factors of American martens and fishers in Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (PRNL), Michigan, from May-December 2001-2005. Thirty-five martens and 14 fishers were captured and survival was monitored using radio telemetry. Four martens were legally trapped, one marten was killed by a vehicle collision within PRNL, and three martens died of natural causes. The only fisher mortality was through legal trapping within PRNL. In addition, vehicles in the study area killed an uncollared marten and fisher. Greatest marten mortality occurred during the harvest season in December, with only males reportedly harvested. Overall, marten and fisher survival from June-December was 0.803 ...
Rural Women’s Bodies and Invisible Hands: Neoliberalism and Population Control in China

This chapter discusses neoliberalism in China and addresses how individual and state bodies are formed in close interrelation with one another. Through examining the intersection between governmentality in the Foucauldian sense and rural men and women’s bodies in contemporary China, the chapter demonstrates how a changing Chinese context continues to manage women’s reproductive and productive bodies for the good of the nation through the “one-child policy.” In a neoliberal climate, the one-child policy is reinforced through a rhetoric of free and rational choices rather than of state control. With the aim of unveiling the illusion of neoliberalism, which allegedly brings about freedom and choice for Chinese women, the chapter examines how the contemporary Chinese state is attempting to craft the governable bodies and docile gendered citizens crucial to its modernization project. It concludes that the promotion of entrepreneurial individuals who make more rational reproductive choices leads to women’s bodies being more subtly disciplined than in the past and controlled in ways that are difficult to unmask or criticize.
Lipoprotein lipase in myocytes and capillary endothelium of heart: immunocytochemical study.

Lipoprotein lipase was immunolocalized by electron microscopy in hearts of young mice; 78% of lipoprotein lipase was in myocytes, 3-6% in extracellular space, and 18% in capillary endothelium. Lipo...
European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Infestations: Predicting Second Generation Egg Masses from Blacklight Trap Captures and Relating Their Abundance to Several Corn Crop Characters

Investigations conducted at Waseca, Minn., during 1981 and 1982 indicated that European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), egg mass counts were related to crop maturity and planting date when a significant range in these variables was present. Egg mass counts were related to first generation shot holes when a significant range in crop maturity and planting date was absent. Egg mass counts were not related to crop height, yield, plant population, or soil type under the conditions of this study. A significant simple linear relationship existed between egg mass depositions and blacklight trap captured females in 1981. A significant range in crop maturity and planting date, however, necessitated incorporating these variables into the 1982 egg mass prediction model.
The opacity of portal hypertension-related ascites correlates with the fluid's triglyceride concentration.

To determine if an elevated triglyceride concentration can explain the opacity of some cirrhotic ascites specimens, the authors measured triglyceride concentration by Coulter DACOS® (Hialeah, FL) on 133 paired serum and ascitic fluid specimens. The specimens were categorized as clear or cloudy by coded visual inspection. In addition, the ascitic fluid specimens were inspected for a lipid supernatant after 48 hours of refrigeration at 4 °C. The ascitic fluid triglyceride concentration of the 87 clear specimens was 1.9 ± 1.0 mmol/L compared with 7.0 ± 4.6 mmol/L for the opalescent specimens (P < 0.001). Only 17% of the clear specimens demonstrated any lipid layer after refrigeration, compared with 94% of opalescent specimens (P < 0.001). The triglyceride concentrations were not significantly different between the serum samples obtained from patients with clear compared with opalescent ascites. The opacity of portal hypertension-related ascites appears to be related to the triglyceride concentration of the fluid.
Shock Tube Measurements of Jet and Rocket Fuels

A database of ignition delay times and pyrolysis product species time-histories was acquired for a variety of jet fuels and rocket propellants. These ignition delay times and laser absorption data are characterized by very accurate and uniform test conditions, fuel loading and species concentrations. Ignition delay times were measured over temperatures from 700 to 1700 K. Species concentrations during pyrolysis were measured over temperatures from 1100 to 1600 K. These species time-history data and ignition delay times provide kinetic targets for jet and rocket fuel models and can be used to constrain reduced pyrolysis sub-mechanisms found in hybrid models.
Homer Folks, the “Boodle Board!” and Section 647

H OMER Folks (1867-1963), recognized by such notable figures as Theodore Roosevelt, Charles Evans Hughes, Alfred E. Smith, and Franklin D. Roosevelt as one of the Empire State's most illustrious citizens and a major figure in the nation's modern social experience, is today nearly a forgotten name.1 Yet, gifted with a fertile mind and a heart dedicated to humanity, Folks was somewhat of a legend in his own time. Though concerned primarily with social conditions in New York State, his influence was pronounced and his reputation extended beyond the United States. His career, devoted to preventing as well as alleviating human suffering, embraced more than a half century of valuable contributions to social service, including trail-blazing activities in organized movements for the improvement of public charitable institutions and public relief and to the promotion of public health, mental hygiene, and child welfare.2 Folks' life of
A rapid staining technique for Rhizoctonia solani and related fungi.

(1973). A Rapid Staining Technique for Rhizoctonia Solani and Related Fungi. Mycologia: Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 941-944.
Discharge Characteristics and Working Modes of a Gas Switch Ignited by Spark-discharge Ejected Plasma

For further understanding the working progress and mechanism of gas switches ignited by spark-discharge ejected plasma(SIGS), we studied the discharge characteristics of a SIGS under the switching coefficient of 10%~90% by utilizing a high speed framed camera to record the breakdown process and measuring the delay time simultaneously. The breakdown processes and working modes corresponding to high and low switching coefficients are also discussed in comparison. The results indicate that the SIGS can be triggered reliably under extremely wide switching coefficient of 10%~90%, and the delay time significantly reduces from dozens of microseconds to hundreds of nanoseconds with the increase of switching coefficient. The switch operates in slow mode under low switching coefficient and the delay time is several microseconds to dozens of microseconds. The breakdown process of the switch in slow mode can be divided into four stages, namely the formative stage of ejected plasma, the rapid development stage of ejected plasma, the saturated development of ejected plasma and the discharge of the main gap. With the increasing switching coefficient, the working mode of the switch transforms gradually from the slow mode into the fast mode. The breakdown process of the switch in fast mode only includes two stages, which are respectively the formative stage of ejected plasma and the discharge of the main gap. Therefore, the development of the discharge is relatively fast and the delay time is about hundreds of nanoseconds.
Evaluation and Analysis of the Top Heater TTD Performance Correction Curves for Fossil-fired Generation Unit

Analysis was made for the top feedwater heater TTD correction curve for one of the 600MW air cooled generation units.Comparison was made with the results from other calculation methods,and the problems in the correction curves was described.The correction datas provided can be referenced by other air cooled generation units.
Calcium is involved in the R Mc1 (blb)-mediated hypersensitive response against Meloidogyne chitwoodi in potato.

Functional characterization of the Columbia root-knot nematode resistance gene R Mc1 ( blb ) in potato revealed the R gene-mediated resistance is dependent on a hypersensitive response and involves calcium. The resistance (R) gene R Mc1(blb) confers resistance against the plant-parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi. Avirulent and virulent nematodes were used to functionally characterize the R Mc1(blb)-mediated resistance mechanism in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Histological observations indicated a hypersensitive response (HR) occurred during avirulent nematode infection. This was confirmed by quantifying reactive oxygen species activity in response to avirulent and virulent M. chitwoodi. To gain an insight into the signal transduction pathways mediating the R Mc1(blb)-induced HR, chemical inhibitors were utilized. Inhibiting Ca2+ channels caused a significant reduction in electrolyte leakage, an indicator of cell death. Labeling with a Ca2+-sensitive dye revealed high Ca2+ levels in the root cells surrounding avirulent nematodes. Furthermore, the calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), StCDPK4 had a higher transcript level in R Mc1(blb) potato roots infected with avirulent nematodes in comparison to roots infected with virulent M. chitwoodi. The results of this study indicate Ca2+ plays a role in the R Mc1(blb)-mediated resistance against M. chitwoodi in potato.
Jane Austen’s Persuasion

The essay begins by asserting that fiction is persuasion—subtle, indirect, undogmatic, nevertheless it has designs on the reader and is a mode of communication. The example of Jane Austen gives particular illustrations of persuasion as a subject, including self-persuasion (in Emma); the easy persuasion of an unresisting subject (in Sense and Sensibility); and difficult and unwelcome persuasion (in Persuasion).
DIFFERENCES IN ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND ITS CORRELATES IN TRI-ETHNIC YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN

OBJECTIVES Arterial stiffness is an important measure of pathologic changes in the arterial system and is associated with cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Early identification of an increase in arterial stiffness in young persons may improve cardiovascular health outcomes. The objectives were to evaluate the sex and ethnic differences in arterial stiffness levels among young adults. METHODS Demographic information, body size, blood pressure, and serum lipid measures were obtained cross-sectionally among tri-ethnic college students in an urban setting (N=491). Arterial pulse pressure (APP) was mathematically derived as a surrogate measure of arterial stiffness. Multiple regression models were fitted to determine the adjusted APP levels. RESULTS The average (plus or minus standard error) age of participants were 21.2 (+/- .2) years. No differences were seen in age or body mass index (BMI) between White non-Hispanic (n=160), Hispanic (n=165), and Black non-Hispanic (n=166). Males were slightly older (21.7 +/- .3 years) and heavier (24.6 +/- 1 .3 kg/m2) than females (20.7 +/- .2 years and 22.4 +/- .2 kg/m2). Adjusted APP was higher in males (41.8 +/- .6 mm Hg) compared to their female counterparts (38.9 +/- .6) (P<.01). However, ethnic variations in adjusted APP were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Variations in arterial stiffness levels by sex exist among young adults. Further exploration of important cardiovascular risk among young individuals is recommended.
Essure Removal for the Treatment of Device-Attributed Symptoms: An Expanded Case Series and Follow-up Survey

Abstract Study Objective To evaluate perioperative outcomes and symptom resolution in women undergoing removal of the Essure device for device-attributed symptoms. Design Retrospective case series and follow-up patient survey (Canadian Task Force classification III). Setting Large academic medical center. Patients Fifty-two women who underwent laparoscopic or hysteroscopic Essure removal between 2012 and 2016. Interventions Women underwent one of four procedures: laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) and bilateral salpingectomy (BS), laparoscopic BS and cornuectomy, laparoscopic Essure removal and BS, or hysteroscopic Essure removal and laparoscopic BS. Measurements and Main Results Fifty-two women who underwent Essure removal were asked to complete a survey regarding symptom resolution and quality of life following the procedure. Thirty-two women (61.5%) responded to the survey. Seventy-five percent (24/32) reported almost total or total improvement in quality of life, 56.3% (18/32) for sex life, 53.1% (17/32) for pelvic pain, and 65.6% (21/32) for daily activities. The majority of women reported some degree of improvement in all four domains queried (87.5%, 28/32). When asked about their symptoms in general, 31.3% (10/32) of women reported ongoing or worse symptoms after Essure removal. All procedures took approximately one hour (mean 65 min, SD 33 min), were associated with minimal blood loss (mean 31 mL, SD 17), and had no perioperative complications. Conclusion Essure removal is a procedure that may be effective for treating most women with symptoms attributed to the device. Patients should be counseled that some symptoms may persist or even worsen following surgery.
Nonconvex Semi-Linear Problems and Canonical Duality Solutions

This paper presents a brief review and some new developments on the canonical duality theory with applications to a class of variational problems in nonconvex mechanics and global optimization. These noncon-vex problems are directly related to a large class of semi-linear partial differential equations in mathematical physics including phase transitions, post-buckling of large deformed beam model, chaotic dynamics, nonlinear field theory, and superconductivity. Numerical discretizations of these equations lead to a class of very difficult global minimization problems in finite dimensional space. It is shown that by the use of the canonical dual transformation, these nonconvex constrained primal problems can be converted into certain very simple canonical dual problems. The criticality condition leads to dual algebraic equations which can be solved completely. Therefore, a complete set of solutions to these very difficult primal problems can be obtained. The extremality of these solutions are controlled by the so-called triality theory. Several examples are illustrated including the nonconvex constrained quadratic programming. Results show that these very difficult primal problems can be converted into certain simple canonical (either convex or concave) dual problems, which can be solved completely. Also some very interesting new phenomena, i.e. trio-chaos and meta-chaos, are discovered in post-buckling of nonconvex systems. The author believes that these important phenomena exist in many nonconvex dynamical systems and deserve to have a detailed study.
Methodological Issues in Functional Analysis: Generalizability to Other Disability Groups:

Functional assessment is now required for some students under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) reauthorization provisions to assist in the identification of positive behaviora...