cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Plague of Opinion: Troilus and Cressida

That Troilus and Cressida exposes human acts of valuation to relentless sceptical scrutiny is beyond any doubt. When Cressida observes that ‘Men prize the thing ungained more than it is’ (1.2.280), she initiates a play-long debate on the question of ‘prizing’ and simultaneously advances two implicit opinions: that the ‘thing ungained’ has intrinsic, ascertainable value, and that men routinely inflate that value until the ‘thing’ is no longer ‘ungained’.1 Both opinions are contested in the play. Cressida also informs us that while she loves Troilus deeply, none of that love ‘shall from [her] eyes appear’ — a remark intimating her skill as a conscious dissembler (1.2.286). Of course, she has legitimate reasons for dissembling, but later, when she insists that she cannot ‘temporize’ with her affection (4.4.6), we wonder about the truth of her claim, since her earlier behaviour may be construed as a species of temporizing. More generally, though, the pervasive emphasis in Troilus and Cressida on the difficulty of judging the worth of a person or an enterprise is profoundly inflected by sceptical considerations regarding the complex interference of internal states of mind upon the human acting as a judge. That such considerations bear as well on the notorious problem of the play’s dramatic genre seems ironically appropriate. But while I will not argue that Troilus is a tragedy or that it exhibits major structural or generic similarities with Doctor Faustus or The Spanish Tragedy, I believe that it shares with them, and with other plays I will discuss, a deep imbrication in sceptical matrices as well as a thoroughgoing concern — thematic and linguistic — with paradox, proof, uncertainly and the dramatic fallout from the explosive collision of poorly examined but fiercely held assumptions.
Developing a Physician׳s Professional Identity Through Medical Education

Professionalism represents a fundamental characteristic of physicians. Professional organizations have developed professionalism competencies for physicians and medical students. The aim of teaching medical professionalism is to ensure the development of a professional identity in medical students. Professional identity formation is a process developed through teaching principles and appropriate behavioral responses to the stresses of being a physician. Addressing lapses and critical reflection is an important part of the educational process. The "hidden curriculum" within an institution plays an important role in professional identity formation. Assessment of professionalism involves multiple mechanisms. Steps in remediating professionalism lapses include (1) initial assessment, (2) diagnosis of problems and development of an individualized learning plan, (3) instruction encompassing practice, feedback and reflection and (4) reassessment and certification of competence. No reliable outcomes data exist regarding the effectiveness of different remediation strategies.
Use of early head CT following out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest.

Abstract Aim Neurological emergencies can lead to cardiac arrest, and post-arrest patients can develop life-threatening neurological abnormalities. This study aims to estimate and characterize the use of early head CT (HCT), and its potential impact on post-resuscitation management. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 213 adults who suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and survived for at least 24 h. Demographics were collected and arrest-related variables were documented. Timing of HCT was recorded and if abnormalities were found on HCT within 24 h of resuscitation, any resulting changes in management were recorded. Outcome was measured by cerebral performance category at discharge. Results Only 54% of patients who survived OHCA underwent HCT in the first 24 h after resuscitation. Patients who underwent HCT were healthier and had better pre-arrest functional status and shorter duration of arrest. Acute abnormalities were found on 38% of HCT and 34% of these abnormal scans resulted in management changes. Conclusions Early HCT is not consistently performed after OHCA and may be heavily influenced by a patient’s premorbid status and duration of arrest. Early HCT can demonstrate acute abnormalities that can result in significant changes in patient management.
Leveraging geographical metadata to improve search over social media

We propose the methods for document, query and relevance model expansion that leverage geographical metadata provided by social media. In particular, we propose a geographically-aware extension of the LDA topic model and utilize the resulting topics and language models in our expansion methods. The proposed approach has been experimentally evaluated over a large sample of Twitter, demonstrating significant improvements in search accuracy over traditional (geographically-unaware) retrieval models.
Integrating atlas and graph cut methods for right ventricle blood-pool segmentation from cardiac cine MRI

Segmentation of right ventricle from cardiac MRI images can be used to build pre-operative anatomical heart models to precisely identify regions of interest during minimally invasive therapy. Furthermore, many functional parameters of right heart such as right ventricular volume, ejection fraction, myocardial mass and thickness can also be assessed from the segmented images. To obtain an accurate and computationally efficient segmentation of right ventricle from cardiac cine MRI, we propose a segmentation algorithm formulated as an energy minimization problem in a graph. Shape prior obtained by propagating label from an average atlas using affine registration is incorporated into the graph framework to overcome problems in ill-defined image regions. The optimal segmentation corresponding to the labeling with minimum energy configuration of the graph is obtained via graph-cuts and is iteratively refined to produce the final right ventricle blood pool segmentation. We quantitatively compare the segmentation results obtained from our algorithm to the provided gold-standard expert manual segmentation for 16 cine-MRI datasets available through the MICCAI 2012 Cardiac MR Right Ventricle Segmentation Challenge according to several similarity metrics, including Dice coefficient, Jaccard coefficient, Hausdorff distance, and Mean absolute distance error.
Podocytes and the actin cytoskeleton as a feasible therapeutic target

Podocyte injury is a hallmark of the glomerular disease, which is a direct cause of chronic kidney diseases. Importantly, podocyte injury is a consequence of the dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton. In diverse animal models of proteinuric glomerular disease, recovering the integrity of the actin structure in podocytes resulted in beneficial effects. In this review, we focus on the premise of targeting the actin cytoskeleton as a feasible therapeutics for treating chronic kidney diseases
Detrimental effect of blood-product transfusion on survival for patients with breast cancer in Florida (1996-2007).

1062 Background: There has been a large body of evidence discussing the immunological effects of blood transfusion on survival in patients with a number of different types of cancers. However, few ...
Engineering the surface of LiCoO 2 electrodes using atomic layer deposition for stable high-voltage lithium ion batteries

Developing advanced technologies to stabilize positive electrodes of lithium ion batteries under high-voltage operation is becoming increasingly important, owing to the potential to achieve substantially enhanced energy density for applications such as portable electronics and electrical vehicles. Here, we deposited chemically inert and ionically conductive LiAlO2 interfacial layers on LiCoO2 electrodes using the atomic layer deposition technique. During prolonged cycling at high-voltage, the LiAlO2 coating not only prevented interfacial reactions between the LiCoO2 electrode and electrolyte, as confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Raman characterizations, but also allowed lithium ions to freely diffuse into LiCoO2 without sacrificing the power density. As a result, a capacity value close to 200 mA·h·g–1 was achieved for the LiCoO2 electrodes with commercial level loading densities, cycled at the cut-off potential of 4.6 V vs. Li+/Li for 50 stable cycles; this represents a 40% capacity gain, compared with the values obtained for commercial samples cycled at the cut-off potential of 4.2 V vs. Li+/Li.
Microbial colonization is required for normal neurobehavioral development in zebrafish.

Changes in resident microbiota may have wide-ranging effects on human health. We investigated whether early life microbial disruption alters neurodevelopment and behavior in larval zebrafish. Conventionally colonized, axenic, and axenic larvae colonized at 1 day post fertilization (dpf) were evaluated using a standard locomotor assay. At 10 dpf, axenic zebrafish exhibited hyperactivity compared to conventionalized and conventionally colonized controls. Impairment of host colonization using antibiotics also caused hyperactivity in conventionally colonized larvae. To determine whether there is a developmental requirement for microbial colonization, axenic embryos were serially colonized on 1, 3, 6, or 9 dpf and evaluated on 10 dpf. Normal activity levels were observed in axenic larvae colonized on 1–6 dpf, but not on 9 dpf. Colonization of axenic embryos at 1 dpf with individual bacterial species Aeromonas veronii or Vibrio cholerae was sufficient to block locomotor hyperactivity at 10 dpf. Exposure to heat-killed bacteria or microbe-associated molecular patterns pam3CSK4 or Poly(I:C) was not sufficient to block hyperactivity in axenic larvae. These data show that microbial colonization during early life is required for normal neurobehavioral development and support the concept that antibiotics and other environmental chemicals may exert neurobehavioral effects via disruption of host-associated microbial communities.
Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerosis With Impaired Distal Perfusion: A Case Study.

An 82-year-old woman with a history of hypertension presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of 3 episodes of word-finding difficulty and right arm weakness lasting for a few minutes each without any known triggers or associated neurological symptoms. On arrival, her blood pressure was 174/84 mm Hg. Her general and neurological examination showed mild expressive aphasia. Neuroimaging was immediately undertaken with computerized tomographic angiogram of the brain and neck, demonstrating high-grade proximal left M1 stenosis without cervical artery stenosis (Figure 1). She then underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with perfusion imaging with rapid processing of perfusion and diffusion (RAPID), which demonstrated delayed perfusion in the left middle cerebral artery territory and small left hemispheric infarcts (Figure 2, top). She was started on aspirin, clopidogrel, and high-intensity statin therapy and admitted to the stroke unit. A transthoracic echocardiogram was unremarkable, her glycosylated hemoglobin was 5.7%, and low-density lipoprotein was 131 mg/dL. Her stroke was attributed to intracranial atherosclerosis. She was discharged on dual antiplatelet therapy and high-intensity statin therapy with persistent mild expressive aphasia. Figure 1. Computed tomographic angiogram demonstrates critical left proximal middle cerebral artery (M1) stenosis. Figure 2. The patient’s sequential rapid processing of perfusion and diffusion (RAPID) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrates the evolution of the perfusion deficit. The top of the figure shows the initial RAPID MRI with punctate left hemispheric infarcts and delayed perfusion in the left middle cerebral artery territory with 61-mL volume of brain tissue with T max >6-s delay. Middle of figure shows second RAPID MRI with infarct expansion and 61-mL volume of brain tissue with T max >6-s delay. The bottom of the figure shows the last RAPID MRI after blood pressure augmentation showing stable left hemispheric infarcts without areas of brain tissue with T max >6-s delay. ADC indicates …
Reproductive and metabolic determinants of granulosa cell dysfunction in normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective To determine the degree to which E 2 hyperresponsiveness to FSH and antimullerian hormone (AMH) overproduction in normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) correlate with increased antral follicle number (AFN), hyperandrogenism, and/or metabolic dysfunction. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) Seven normal-weight women with PCOS (1990 National Institutes of Health criteria) ages 20–34 years and 13 age- and body mass index– (BMI-; 18.5–25 kg/m 2 ) matched normoandrogenic ovulatory women were studied. Intervention(s) All women underwent basal serum hormone and metabolic measurements, FSH stimulation testing with transvaginal ovarian sonography, frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance testing, and whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Main Outcome Measure(s) Serum hormone/metabolite levels, 24-hour serum E 2 response to 150 IU recombinant human (rh) FSH infusion, AFN, insulin sensitivity, and body mass measurements. Result(s) Serum E 2 responsiveness to rhFSH and AMH levels were greater in women with PCOS than in BMI- and age-matched control women, as were serum androgen levels, AFN, and abdominal fat mass. In all women combined, serum E 2 responsiveness to rhFSH was associated with AFN. Serum AMH levels, however, positively correlated with AFN but remained positively correlated with serum LH and free T levels and negatively correlated with total body fat and percent body fat, adjusting for AFN. Conclusion(s) In normal-weight women with PCOS, serum E 2 hyperresponsiveness to rhFSH represents increased AFN, while elevated serum AMH levels reflect opposing effects of stimulatory reproductive (hyperandrogenism and increased AFN) versus inhibitory metabolic (body fat) factors. Given the small number of subjects reported, additional follow-up studies are required to confirm these data.
Revisiting the hunting-versus-scavenging debate at FLK Zinj: A GIS spatial analysis of bone surface modifications produced by hominins and carnivores in the FLK 22 assemblage, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

Abstract This study presents a taphonomic examination of the ca. 1.84 million year old (Ma) bovid fauna from FLK Level 22 (FLK Zinj), Bed I, Olduvai Gorge using a new GIS spatial analysis approach. The FLK Zinj site contains some of the best preserved evidence for meat eating by hominins and has been used extensively in reconstructions of early hominin behavior. However, despite numerous interpretations of site function, there is currently no consensus regarding how hominins acquired carcasses at FLK Zinj. Some interpretations argue that Early Stone Age hominins had early access to fleshed carcasses through hunting or active scavenging, while others argue hominins had late access to largely defleshed carcasses through passive scavenging. In this study, GIS was used to record bone preservation in the FLK Zinj assemblage as well as in several modern, experimentally-modified bone assemblages, which are used for comparison. The placement of hominin- and carnivore-produced modifications was documented on bones from these assemblages, and the GIS Spatial Analyst was used to identify patterning in tooth mark clusters as well as patterning in cut mark locations. This analysis suggests hominins had early access to fleshed carcasses at FLK Zinj, particularly of smaller prey, which they may have acquired through hunting. Damage patterns on larger carcasses are more difficult to interpret, but are consistent with early access through hunting or aggressive scavenging. A reanalysis of carnivore tooth mark frequencies on the FLK Zinj bovid fauna also supports an early access scenario.
Caffeine eliminates psychomotor vigilance deficits from sleep inertia

Study objectives This study sought to establish the effects of caffeine on sleep inertia, which is the ubiquitous phenomenon of cognitive performance impairment, grogginess and tendency to return to sleep immediately after awakening. Design 28 normal adult volunteers were administered sustained low-dose caffeine or placebo (randomized double-blind) during the last 66 hours of an 88-hour period of extended wakefulness that included seven 2-hour naps during which polysomnographical recordings were made. Every 2 hours of wakefulness, and immediately after abrupt awakening from the naps, psychomotor vigilance performance was tested. Setting N/A. Participants N/A. Interventions N/A. Measurements and results In the placebo condition, sleep inertia was manifested as significantly impaired psychomotor vigilance upon awakening from the naps. This impairment was absent in the caffeine condition. Caffeine had only modest effects on nap sleep. Conclusions Caffeine was efficacious in overcoming sleep inertia. This suggests a reason for the popularity of caffeine-containing beverages after awakening. Caffeine's main mechanism of action on the central nervous system is antagonism of adenosine receptors. Thus, increased adenosine in the brain upon awakening may be the cause of sleep inertia.
Interplay between NRF1, E2F4 and MYC transcription factors regulating common target genes contributes to cancer development and progression

Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), historically perceived as a protein regulating genes controlling mitochondrial biogenesis, is now widely recognized as a multifunctional protein and as a key player in the transcriptional modulation of genes implicated in various cellular functions. Here, we present emerging data supporting novel roles of NRF1 in cancer development and progression through its interplay with the transcription factors E2F4 and MYC. To identify common human NRF1, E2F4 and MYC target genes, we analyzed the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) NRF1 ChIP-Seq data. By doing so, we identified 9253 common target genes with NRF1, E2F4 and MYC binding motifs. NRF1 binding motifs were found to be present in genes operating in signaling pathways governing all hallmarks of malignant transformation and progression, including proliferation, invasion, self-renewal and apoptosis. In addition to controlling mitochondrial biogenesis NRF1, in conjunction with E2F4 and MYC, may play a critical role in the acquisition of human cancer characteristics. Additionally, NRF1 may orchestrate both MYC and E2F4 to regulate common target genes linked to multiple networks in the development and progression of cancer. A comprehensive understanding of this dynamic interplay will set the stage, not only for the design of novel treatment strategies, but also for the discovery of pan-cellular transcription factor regulatory strategies to predict cancer risk, therapy response and patient prognosis.
Abstract 142: Engaging Patients Throughout the Health System: A Landscape Analysis of Top Research Institutions and Cold Call Policies

Background: Healthcare institutions may often prohibit “cold-calling,” or direct contact with a potential research participant when the person initiating contact is unknown to the patient. This pol...
Transscleral Iontophoretic Drug Delivery for Treating Retinal Diseases

Drug delivery to the eye still is a challenge due to its intricate anatomical structure. Posterior segment delivery is much more challenging due to the acellular nature of the vitreous humor and the longer diffusion distance to the retina. Iontophoresis is a noninvasive technique that facilitates the movement of charged drug molecules into tissues by an electric field. Using iontophoresis, it is possible to achieve therapeutic concentrations faster by modulating the intensity and duration of the applied current. Transscleral iontophoretic delivery is gaining pace and is considered as an alternative for a safe and more effective treatment to retinal disorders. This chapter intends to highlight various aspects of iontophoresis, with a special emphasis on transscleral delivery of drugs and drug-loaded nanocarrier systems for treating disorders in the back of the eye. Finally, a section on toxic effects of iontophoresis to various ocular tissues is included.
The relation between parent verbal responsiveness and child communication in young children with or at risk for autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Among preschool-age children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing children, parents' verbal responsiveness (PVR) has long been shown to predict children's later language ability. However, before the age of three, when language develops most rapidly, the early social communication deficits associated with ASD may impact parents' opportunities to facilitate early language development. The aim of this review was to characterize the relation between PVR and the vocal communication ability of children with or at high risk for ASD early in development. Specifically, we examined whether the relation between PVR and child communication varied by type of PVR and by child diagnostic status, as well as whether interventions increased PVR. A systematic multi-database search yielded 25 empirical studies (804 parent-toddler dyads; 30 effect sizes) that met inclusion criteria and related a variable of PVR to a variable of child vocalization or language. Meta-regression analyses revealed that the relation between PVR and child communication was significant regardless of PVR type or child diagnostic status. To date, interventions targeting both PVR and child communication were found to significantly increase PVR, but not child communication, for these populations. Future research should examine parent-child communication in a transactional, longitudinal manner. In addition, these findings have implications for interventions designed to target parents' responsiveness and child communication. Autism Research 2019, 12: 715-731. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: For families with children under 3 years old who are at risk for or diagnosed with ASD, this study revealed empirical evidence of a robust relation between parents'' verbal responsiveness to their children's play and communication and children's communication ability. This relation is similar to that reported in research on typically developing children. Interventions designed to improve parent-child interaction in children with or at risk for ASD may be effective in increasing parents' responsiveness.
What Do Big Data Tell Us about Why People Take Gig Economy Jobs

The gig economy is widely regarded to be a source of secondary or temporary income, but little is known about economic activity outside of the gig economy. Using data from a large, online personal finance application, I document the evolution of non-gig income and household balance sheets surrounding the participation decision for gig economy jobs. This simple analysis reveals striking pretrends in income and assets. In addition to providing insight into the reasons why households enter the gig economy, these findings have potentially important implications for the external validity of previous studies focusing on gig economy activity only.
Management of Endodontic-Periodontic Lesions

Diagnosis and management of endodontic-periodontic (endo-perio) lesions often involves interdisciplinary consultation and shared treatment planning. The intimate association between diseases of the pulp and diseases of the periodontium creates areas of significant overlap in expertise among the dental specialties. A practical way to classify endo-perio lesions for treatment planning purposes is to separate into three broad categories: (1) primary endodontic, (2) primary periodontal, and (3) combined endo-perio lesion. The prognosis for successful management is highly dependent on proper initial classification and subsequent sequencing of treatment. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief overview of endodontic-periodontic lesions, with a primary focus on endodontic considerations in diagnosis and treatment planning.
Predicting Speech Intelligibility Based on Spatial Tongue-Jaw Coupling in Persons With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The Impact of Tongue Weakness and Jaw Adaptation.

Purpose Motor neuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have a devastating effect on speech muscle function that often results in severe communication deficits. Over the course ...
A New Concept for a Laser-Based Ultrasonic Phased Array Receiver Using Photo-emf Detection

The virtues of laser-based ultrasound [1], LBU, in general, and phased-array generation and detection in particular, have been appreciated for many years. The ability to improve the spatial resolution of an imaging system, coupled with the potential reduction in local laser intensity at a given location on a component to avoid surface damage while still realizing enhanced performance, represent but two motivating factors that have driven the community to seek methods by which to realize phased-array processing. There has been much activity in demonstrating that phased-array generation of ultrasound can lead to an enhanced directivity of the ultrasound as well as to a decrease (or, increase) in the bandwidth of the generated ultrasound (if desired), be it in the bulk or along the surface of components. Examples of such phased-array generationtechniques (either in the thermoelastic or ablative regimes) include illumination of several discrete spots or locus of points with pulsed lasers [1] on the surface of a workpiece (simultaneously or sequentially), be it a line, an annular ring, or a plurality of spots — or illumination of a scanning pattern of lines along the surface of a sample, the so-called phase-velocity scanning technique [2]. By extension of the phased-array generation concept, one is led to consider the notion of laser-based, phased-array detectionof ultrasound [3]. By reciprocity, this can lead to a receiver of higher resolution relative to a single location for the optical sensing of the ultrasound, as well as to a reduction in the local laser fluence required to achieve a given spatial performance. Moreover, one can, in principle, combine the two modes of phased-array excitation and detection to realize even greater resolution capabilities, which one may refer to as “product processing.” In this case, one has, in essence, a focusing transmitter and an imaging detector, both functioning in concert.
Acute Stress Desensitizes Hypothalamic CRH Neurons to Norepinephrine and Physiological Stress

ABSTRACT Noradrenergic afferents to corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) provide a major excitatory drive to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis via α1 adrenoreceptor activation. The ascending noradrenergic afferents are recruited preferentially by physiological, rather than psychological, stress modalities. Glucocorticoids secreted in response to HPA activation feed back onto the hypothalamus to negatively regulate the HPA axis, providing a critical autoregulatory constraint that prevents glucocorticoid overexposure. Whether differential negative feedback mechanisms target stress modality-specific HPA activation is not known. Here, we reveal a desensitization of the α1 adrenoreceptor activation of the HPA axis following acute stress that is mediated by rapid glucocorticoid regulation of adrenoreceptor trafficking. Prior stress desensitized the HPA axis to subsequent physiological, but not psychological, stress. Our findings demonstrate rapid glucocorticoid suppression of adrenoreceptor signaling in CRH neurons that is specific to physiological stress activation, and reveal, therefore, a rapid, modality-selective glucocorticoid feedback mechanism.
FDA approved drugs with broad anti-coronaviral activity inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China at the end of 2019 and has rapidly become a pandemic with over 400,000 recorded COVID-19 cases and greater than 19,000 recorded deaths by March 24th, 2020 (www.WHO.org) (1). There are no FDA approved antivirals or vaccines for any coronavirus, including SARS-CoV-2 (2). Current treatments for COVID-19 are limited to supportive therapies and off-label use of FDA approved drugs (3). Rapid development and human testing of potential antivirals is greatly needed. A potentially quicker way to test compounds with antiviral activity is through drug re-purposing (2, 4). Numerous drugs are already approved for use in humans and subsequently there is a good understanding of their safety profiles and potential side effects, making them easier to test in COVID-19 patients. Here, we present data on 20 FDA approved drugs tested for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 that we have previously found to inhibit SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV (4). We find that 17 of these also inhibit SARS-CoV-2 at a range of IC50 values at non-cytotoxic concentrations. From these we specifically followed up with hydroxychloroquine sulfate and chloroquine phosphate.
Reflections on Avicenna's impact on medicine: his reach beyond the middle east.

Avicenna, to the west, and Ibn Sina to the East, is more than a historical figure often overlooked beyond his contributions to the Golden Age of Islam. While a deeper image of this multi-faceted in...
Pairs (Re)Loaded: System Design & Benchmarking For Scalable Geospatial Applications

In this paper we benchmark a previously introduced big data platform that enables the analysis of big data from remote sensing and other geospatial-temporal data. The platform, called IBM PAIRS Geoscope, has been developed by leveraging open source big data technologies (Hadoop/HBase) that are in principle scalable in storage and compute to hundreds of PetaBytes. Currently, PAIRS hosts multiple PetaBytes of curated and geospatial-temporally indexed data. It organizes all data with key-value combinations, performing analytics close to the data to minimize data movement.
Conjugation of Pea Protein Isolate via Maillard-Driven Chemistry with Saccharide of Diverse Molecular Mass: Molecular Interactions Leading to Aggregation or Glycation

Diverse saccharides are effectively grafted to pea protein isolate (PPI) through Maillard-driven chemistry. The development of conjugates (glyco-PPI) was validated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and size exclusion chromatography-high performance liquid chromatography. The impact of covalent conjugation on color development, structural modification, solubility, thermal stability, and volatiles of glycoprotein was examined. The protein solubility was improved, while its thermal stability seemed to be negatively influenced. The principle proposed involves Maillard-driven generation of the conjugates, which enhanced the surface hydrophilicity and unfolding of protein architecture of glyco-PPI. Additionally, both molecular mass and the grafted number of saccharides played a vital role in determining the solubility and thermal stability of glyco-PPI. Protein tends to denature at reaction conditions of 80 °C and pH 10.0, and its cross-linkage occurred in the aqueous system. The two potential routes of molecular interactions between PPI and saccharides were denaturation and glycation or self-cross-linkage. Flavor profile alteration of glycoprotein before and after conjugation was depicted, and relevant off-odors were quantified via headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These outcomes could furnish valuable in-depth information for dictating functionalities of plant-based protein for food application.
Stability and asymptotic analysis of the Föllmer–Schweizer decomposition on a finite probability space

First, we consider the problem of hedging in complete binomial models. Using the discrete-time Follmer–Schweizer decomposition, we demonstrate the equivalence of the backward induction and sequential regression approaches. Second, in incomplete trinomial models, we examine the extension of the sequential regression approach for approximation of contingent claims. Then, on a finite probability space, we investigate stability of the discrete-time Follmer–Schweizer decomposition with respect to perturbations of the stock price dynamics and, finally, perform its asymptotic analysis under simultaneous perturbations of the drift and volatility of the underlying discounted stock price process, where we prove stability and obtain explicit formulas for the leading-order correction terms.
Detectability Rates and Impact on Management From High-Sensitivity Total-Body 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT Scans in Patients With Prostate Cancer Biochemical Recurrence.

Purpose/Objective(s) 18F-fluciclovine, an FDA-approved synthetic amino acid radiopharmaceutical for assessment of prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence, may show modest lesion detectability rates on conventional PET/CT scanners, especially for low PSA levels ( Materials/Methods A single-institution, prospective IRB-approved study was conducted. From December 2019 to February 2021, 21 patients (age, 69.7 ± 7.5 yrs) with history of PCa, treated with radical prostatectomy (n = 18), external beam radiation therapy (n = 2) or brachytherapy (n = 1), subsequently presented with biochemical recurrence by American Urological Association criteria. All patients had standard of care18F-fluciclovine total-body PET/CT scans after a negative or equivocal cross-sectional conventional imaging. PET/CT images were interpreted on patient- and site-basis for any suspicious recurrent/metastatic lesions (prostate bed, N1, M1). Detection rate was measured as percentage per PSA category. A decision regarding treatment was recorded before and after 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT results and changes were noted. Results Fifteen (71%) patients showed detectable lesions in 24 sites: the prostate bed/seminal vesicles (n = 8), N1 station (n = 7), and M1 (n = 9). The latter included M1a (n = 3), M1b (n = 1) and M1c (n = 5) in different combinations. On a patient basis, detection rates were 2/4 (50%), 4/5 (80%), 2/4 (50%), 2/3 (67%) and 5/5 (100%) for the respective PSA categories of 2.00 ng/mL. Overall, detection rate was 10/16 (63%) for PSA Conclusion Preliminary results demonstrated a promising role for high-sensitivity total-body PET/CT imaging using 18F-fluciclovine in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. In this small cohort, detection rates compared favorably to the published historical controls using fluciclovine or even PSMA on conventional PET/CT scanners. The current findings resulted in impactful changes of management in the majority of patients. A larger study is ongoing to validate the current findings.
Oxygen sensors: Materials, methods, designs and applications

Advancement of gas sensor technology over the past few decades has led to significant progress in pollution control and thereby, to environmental protection. An excellent example is the control of automobile exhaust emissions, made possible by the use of oxygen gas sensors. Since early 1970's there have been sustained studies on oxygen sensors and has led to development of sensors for various applications with varying performance characteristics. Solid electrolyte based potentiometric, amperometric and metal oxide based semiconducting resistive type sensors are used for high temperature applications. For solution-based pollution monitoring, dissolved oxygen sensors based on Clark electrodes have played a major role. More recently, for biological and medical applications, optical oxygen sensors are beginning to have an impact. In this review, we focus on both high temperature as well as dissolved oxygen sensors and compare the different methods of oxygen sensing, discuss underlying principles, and outline the designs and specific applications.
Systematics of (. cap alpha. ,/sup 12/C) in light nuclei and implications for multi-. cap alpha. -cluster transfer reactions

The $^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $^{24,26}\mathrm{Mg}$, $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$, $^{32}\mathrm{S}$, $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$($\ensuremath{\alpha},^{12}\mathrm{C}$) reactions have been studied at ${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}=90.3$ MeV. The observed cross sections fall off rapidly with increasing target mass $A_{t}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{-}5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1}$, consistent with predictions for direct $^{8}\mathrm{Be}$ or successive $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ transfer employing first-order S${\mathrm{U}}_{3}$ cluster overlap amplitudes, although other, more complicated mecanisms cannot be excluded. The results are extrapolated and estimates of multi-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-cluster transfer cross sections in heavy nuclei, such as those proposed to synthesize superheavy elements, are obtained.
Monitoring serum HER2 levels in breast cancer patients

We have developed a new approach to reduce the serum interference for ELISA. The purpose of this study is to investigate if we can use the optimized ELISA (MBB-ELISA) to detect serum soluble HER2/neu (sHER2) in early stage primary breast cancer and monitor its change during treatments. We collected sera preoperatively from 118 primary breast cancer patients. Serum samples were also collected sequentially from a subset of patients during and after adjuvant treatment. sHER2 in these samples was measured by the MBB-ELISA. Only 16.7 % of tissue HER2 (tHER2) positive patients had significantly elevated sHER2 levels in serum. Interestingly, sera of some patients with tHER2 negative tumors, including those that were 2+ by IHC but negative by FISH, demonstrated slightly elevated sHER2 levels. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients with elevated sHER2 (> = 7 ng/ml) had significantly worse disease free survival. During treatments, sHER2 levels consistently fell in response to adjuvant therapies. Nevertheless, in all 4 patients who developed metastases, a steady rise in sHER2 levels was noted before metastatic disease became clinically evident. For early stage breast cancers, sHER2 is a poor biomarker to predict tHER2 status, but may have value to supplement tissue tests to identify patients with HER2 tumors. Our results also suggest that sHER2 is worth further study as a biomarker to monitor breast cancer patients during treatments.
Recent advances in correlation studies of spatial patterns of genetic variation

The spatial distribution of genetic variation has long been recognized as an important feature of population genetics. Our understanding of the basic spatial-temporal dynamics of genetic variation in populations continues to improve through theoretical and experimental studies. Dating back to the original work of Wright (1943) and Malecot (1948), theoretical work has indicated that spatial distributions of genetic variation should often differ strongly from random or uniform distributions. Nonrandomness, or spatial structuring, can strongly influence, and be strongly influenced by, many other important aspects of population genetics, including mating system, individual fitness, inbreeding depression, and the action of various other forms of natural selection, including environmental selection (e.g., Sokal, 1979; Epperson, 1990a). A large body of experimental studies of spatial structure of genetic variation confirms the theoretical predictions. Extensive reviews include those by Endler (1977), Bradshaw (1984), Nagylaki (1986), and Slatkin (1985, 1987).
Measurement of panic-like responses following intravenous infusion of sodium lactate in panic-prone rats.

This unit describes a putative animal model for panic disorder. The basic premise is that pharmacological disruption of critical brain regions implicated in the circuitry of anxiety will lead to a condition similar to that of the human disorder. A clinically relevant test, the sodium lactate challenge, is utilized to assess parallels between the human condition and this rat model. Keywords: Amygdala; anxiety; CRF; GABA; hypothalamus; panic; social interaction; sodium lactate; stress
Control Theory for Humans: Quantitative Approaches To Modeling Performance

Contents: Preface. Perception/Action: A Systems Approach. Closing the Loop. Information Theory and Fitts' Law. The Step Response: First-Order Lag. Linear Systems: Block Diagrams and Laplace Transforms. The Step Response: Second-Order System. Nonproportional Control. Interactions Between Information and Dynamic Constraints. Order of Control. Tracking. There Must Be 50 Ways to See a Sine Wave. A Qualitative Look at Fourier Analysis. The Frequency Domain: Bode Analysis. The Frequency Domain: Describing the Human Operator. Additional Adaptive Aspects of the Crossover Model. Driving Around in Circles. Continuous Tracking: Optimal Control. Estimating and Predicting the State of a Dynamic System With Lag-Like Calculations. Varieties of Variability. Lifting a Glass of Juice. Sine Wave Tracking Is Predictably Attractive. Going With the Flow: An Optical Basis for the Control of Locomotion. Fuzzy Approaches to Vehicular Control. Learning to Control Difficult Systems: Neural Nets. Some Parallels Between Decision Making and Manual Control. Designing Experiments With Control Theory in Mind. Adaptation and Design. Appendix: Interactive Demonstrations.
Something wonderful this way comes [bootable cluster CD]

Clusters dedicated exclusively for educational purposes are rare, yet most educational institutions have an abundance of PC and Macintosh laboratories. The suggestive name bootable cluster CD (BCCD) offers hope. Indeed, at the BCCD's core is a bootable image that runs completely off dedicated media, which lets us use the BCCD to convert, within minutes, practically any room of Intel- or PowerPC-based workstations into a potent parallel computing environment. What we have here is a comprehensive framework for high-performance computing education, and that, my friends, is the opposite of a failure to communicate. This article elaborates on what lies under the BCCD hood, some uses of the BCCD, and future directions
Inhibitors of Akt Activity

Imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine analogs with Akt (PKB) kinase antagonist activity are claimed. The compounds contain a 4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazole substituent at the 2-position of the ring system with an alkyne substituent at the 4-position, and diverse functionality at the 6-position. The compounds are indicated to be useful in the treatment of cancer and arthritis.
Effects of drug-desalivation on feeding and taste preferences in the rat.

Abstract The relationship was studied between pharmacological xerostomia and taste preferences for diets flavoured with sucrose octa acetate (SOA), saccharine sulphate, NaCl and citric acid. Desalivation was produced by subcutaneous injection of scopolamine methyl nitrate, 1 mg/kg to 20 rats, with 20 control rats injected with saline. The 48-h preference tests consisted of a choice between two identical metal cups, one containing a ground diet and the other the same diet to which various amounts of tastants were added. Desalivated rats showed a marked decrease in food and water intake during the following 4 h. The water: food ratio for the 4-h period was higher than that of the controls but exaggerated drinking was not observed during eating. During the following 20 h, a compensatory increase in food and water intake occurred. Thirty days after the intermittent administration of scopolamine both groups had the same body weight. During the 4 h following drug administration there was a significantly higher preference for both salty and sour-flavoured diets, whereas the control rats appeared indifferent to or even avoided them. The groups did not differ in their response to either the sweet or bitter-flavoured diets nor to any of the diets for the following 20 h. The results indicate that xerostomia modified taste preferences for salty and sour-flavoured diets.
Sudden spasms following gradual lordosis—the stiff-person syndrome

Background A 28-year-old woman presented to hospital after an episode of severe lower back spasms that occurred during a stressful family gathering. She had a history of progressive difficulty bending forward and increasing lumbar lordosis. Investigations Physical examination, spine MRI scan, abdominal and pelvic ultrasound, electromyogram, nerve conduction studies, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, breast examination, Pap smear, transabdominal and endovaginal ultrasound. Diagnosis Stiff-person syndrome with high titer of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase. Treatment Benzodiazepines and intravenous immunoglobulins.
Laser-induced fluorescence measurements of oh· concentrations in the oxidation region of laminar, hydrocarbon diffusion flames

Quantitative OH· concentrations have been measured in four coannular diffusion flames, burning, methane at a single fuel, flow rate and ethene at fuel flow rates which produce nonsmoking incipient smoking, and smoking conditions. Laser-induced fluorescence has been used to make point profile, line image, and two-dimensional image measurements. These data have been placed on an absolute basis by reference to earlier absorption results. Particular emphasis has been placed, on the investigation of the soot oxidation region in these laminar flames, since current soot models must utilize either assumed or estimated OH· concentrations. As the soot concentration increases, both the OH· concentration and the flame temperature are found to decrease. Estimates of the superequilibrium levels of OH· increase as the measured concentrations decrease, which makes accurate a priori prediction of OH· concentrations problematic in diffusion flames containing significant soot concentrations.
Regulatory targets of quorum sensing in Vibrio cholerae: evidence for two distinct HapR-binding motifs

The quorum-sensing pathway in Vibrio cholerae controls the expression of the master regulator HapR, which in turn regulates several important processes such as virulence factor production and biofilm formation. While HapR is known to control several important phenotypes, there are only a few target genes known to be transcriptionally regulated by HapR. In this work, we combine bioinformatic analysis with experimental validation to discover a set of novel direct targets of HapR. Our results provide evidence for two distinct binding motifs for HapR-regulated genes in V. cholerae. The first binding motif is similar to the motifs recently discovered for orthologs of HapR in V. harveyi and V. vulnificus. However, our results demonstrate that this binding motif can be of variable length in V. cholerae. The second binding motif shares common elements with the first motif, but is of fixed length and lacks dyad symmetry at the ends. The contributions of different bases to HapR binding for this second motif were demonstrated using systematic mutagenesis experiments. The current analysis presents an approach for systematically expanding our knowledge of the quorum-sensing regulon in V. cholerae and other related bacteria.
Causes of death and comparative mortality in Texas public mental health clients, 2006-2008

Seriously mentally ill patients are known to have rates of mortality much greater than those of the general population. Prior research in Texas has shown inpatient Public Mental Health Clients (PMH...
ATS-6 Radio Frequency Interference Measurement Experiment

The frequency band from 5.925 to 6.425 GHz is served by fixed satellites and by terrestrial microwave links. There is a possibility of microwave links pointed at the horizon causing interference to the uplinks of domestic and international communications satellites sharing the same frequency band. A mathematical model has been derived for predicting the fields at geostationary orbit based on the known characteristics and known distribution of the terrestrial microwave relay system. The Applications Technology Satellite-6 (ATS-6) is sensitive to signals in the range of 10 dBW radiated in the direction of the satellite. Signals in the range of 10-30 dBW have been recorded over various parts of the United States.