cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Activity of a Novel Organic Arsenical (S-Dimethylarsino-Glutathione, ZIO-101) Against Multiple Myeloma.

Arsenic Trioxide (ATO) has been shown to be highly active against acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and has activity in several other diseases including multiple myeloma. While initial clinical trials in both APL and myeloma have suggested that melarsoprol results in greater dose-limiting toxicities than ATO, it is generally accepted that organic arsenicals are less toxic than inorganic arsenicals. Consequently, organic arsenicals that kill myeloma cells could be clinically more effective than ATO. Recently, several organic arsenicals were synthesized that have EC50s similar to ATO against cell line panels but are > 10-fold less toxic. One such compound, ZIO-101 is in phase I studies. Therefore we compared the ability of ZIO-101 and ATO to kill four myeloma cell lines that display differential sensitivity to ATO. The RPMI 8226 and U266 are less sensitive than the KMS11 and MM.1s lines. When dose response curves were generated comparing ATO and ZIO-101 at 24, 48 and 72 hrs we found that the U266, KMS11 and MM.1s lines were consistently 1–3 fold less sensitive to ZIO-101 than to ATO. However if one considers the number of atoms of elemental arsenic/molecule of drug, these data would suggest that the ability of these drugs to kill MM cell lines is similar. In contrast the 8226 line was more sensitive to ZIO-101. Additionally we have previously reported that ATO induces caspase-dependent and -independent cell death in a cell specific fashion in these lines. We found a similar pattern of caspase dependence with ZIO-101 where BocD-FMK, a caspase inhibitor, completely blocks ZIO-101-induced killing of U266, partially blocks killing of MM.1s and KMS11 and has no effect no killing of 8226. These data suggest that the downstream components of the death signaling pathway induced by ZIO-101 and ATO are similar. In contrast, initial responses to these drugs differ. We and others have reported that glutathione (GSH) is a critical regulator of ATO-induced cell death and have utilized ascorbic acid (AA) as a GSH depleting agent both in vitro as well as clinically. We therefore tested the effects of GSH depletion on ZIO-101 induced cell death in MM cell lines. Using concentrations of ATO and ZIO-101 that had similar activity, we determined the effects of both an inhibitor of GSH synthesis (BSO) as well as AA that can transient deplete GSH. BSO sensitized all 4 cell lines to both agents, however it was much more effective at sensitizing cells to ATO than to ZIO-101. Moreover while AA could sensitize cells to ATO, it actually protected cells from cell death induced by ZIO-101. Taken together these data suggest that ZIO-101 has activity against myeloma cells although factors that determine the potency of this compound are different than those for ATO. This may reflect differences in either metabolism or mechanism of action. Thus resistance to one form of arsenic does not preclude the use of another. A phase I/II study of ZIO-101 in myeloma is planned.
Impact of Reconstruction Algorithms and Gender-Associated Anatomy on Coronary Calcium Scoring with CT: An Anthropomorphic Phantom Study.

Rationale and Objectives Different computed tomography imaging protocols and patient characteristics can impact the accuracy and precision of the calcium score and may lead to inconsistent patient treatment recommendations. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of reconstruction algorithm and gender characteristics on coronary artery calcium scoring based on a phantom study using computed tomography. Materials and Methods Four synthetic heart vessels with vessel diameters corresponding to female and male left main and left circumflex arteries containing calcification-mimicking materials (200–1000 HU) were inserted into a thorax phantom and were scanned with and without female breast plates (male and female phantoms, respectively). Ten scans were acquired and were reconstructed at 3-mm slices using filtered-back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction with medium and strong denoising (IR3 and IR5) algorithms. Agatston and calcium volume scores were estimated for each vessel. Calcium scores for each vessel and the total calcium score (summation of all four vessels) were compared between the two phantoms to quantify the impact of the breast plates and reconstruction parameters. Calcium scores were also compared among vessels of different diameters to investigate the impact of the vessel size. Results The calcium scores were significantly larger for FBP reconstruction (FBP > IR3>IR5). Agatston scores (calcium volume score) for vessels in the male phantom scans were on average 4.8% (2.9%), 8.2% (7.1%), and 10.5% (9.4%) higher compared to those in the female phantom with FBP, IR3, and IR5, respectively, when exposure was conserved across phantoms. The total calcium scores from the male phantom were significantly larger than those from the female phantom (P < 0.05). In general, calcium volume scores were underestimated (up to about 50%) for smaller vessels, especially when scanned in the female phantom. Conclusions Calcium scores significantly decreased with iterative reconstruction and tended to be underestimated for female anatomy (smaller vessels and presence of breast plates).
Large focal cerebral demyelinating lesions mimicking intracranial neoplasms: imaging features

The CT and MRI features of 41 patients with histologically proven demyelinating lesions that mimicked intracranial neoplasms, both clinically and radiologically, were studied retrospectively. There were 32 patients with single and 9 with multiple lesions. In 40 cases the lesions characteristically involved the hemisphere white matter with no predilection for the periventricular areas, optic pathways or brain stem. The CT and MRI features are nonspecific and the true nature of the lesion was demonstrated by histology. All patients showed marked improvement following steroid therapy.
CaO insulator coatings and self-healing of defects on VCrTi alloys in liquid lithium system

Electrically insulating and corrosion-resistant coatings are required at the liquid metal/structural interface in fusion first-wall/blanket applications. Electrical resistance of CaO coatings that were produced on V-5%Cr-5%Ti by exposure of the alloy to liquid Li containing 0.5-85 wt.% dissolved Ca was measured as a function of time at temperatures between 250 and 600{degrees}C. The solute element, Ca in liquid Li, reacted with the alloy substrate at 400-420{degrees}C to produce a CaO coating. Resistance of the coating layer measured in-situ in liquid Li was {approx}10{sup 6} {Omega} at 400{degrees}C. Thermal cycling between 300 and 700{degrees}C changed the coating layer resistance, which followed insulator behavior. These results suggest that thin homogeneous coatings can be produced on variously shaped surfaces by controlling the exposure time, temperature, and composition of the liquid metal. The technique can be applied to various shapes (e.g., inside/outside of tubes, complex geometrical shapes) because the coating is formed by liquid-phase reaction. Examination of the specimens after cooling to room temperature revealed no spallation, but homogeneous crazing cracks were present in the CaO coating. Additional tests to investigate the in-situ self-healing behavior of the cracks indicated that rapid healing occurred at {>=}360{degrees}C.
Sports tourism does not have to be accompanied by crime: a case for the NFL Super Bowl

The Routine Activities Theory suggests that when there is the presence of a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian, crime has the opportunity to occur. Large s...
Design and implementation of PI controller for the hybrid energy system

The energy storage (e.g. battery)is a key issue for traction applications like electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Battery for EVs/HEVs must provide higher power and energy density, smaller size, a longer cycle-life and a lower cost. In general, battery lacks power as required by EVs, fortunately that can be provided by capacitors. That necessitates development of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) using a battery with higher energy density and capacitor with higher power. Moreover, in order to achieve a better drive range and improve performance of the motor, a better control mechanism is also vital for the DC to DC power converters which are used in these vehicles. In this paper, a proportional integral (PI) controller will be designed and implemented for the HESS system to provide power demand, and recharge the HESS based on its state of charge. The boost converter, and buck-boost converter will be connected to selected high energy density lithium-ion battery (LIB), and high rate ultra-capacitor (UC), respectively, to create the parallel topology that will be used in our paper. Furthermore, the control strategies will be verified and compared against the traditional HESS under operating conditions useful for HEV / EV applications.
Gaging the impact of multiple substance use on community corrections involvement.

Abstract Historically, research has demonstrated that multiple substance use, compared to single substance use, poses additional challenges for treatment throughout the continuum of care including referrals, interventions, and relapse prevention. However, it appears that this pattern cannot be easily generalized to all criminal justice settings as evidenced by mixed findings across criminal justice samples. The purpose of the current study is to investigate possible differences in legal and substance-related outcomes between multiple substance users and single substance users within a community corrections sample. Structured clinical interviews were conducted to divide 531 individuals under community corrections supervision into three groups including multiple substance users, single substance users, and non-substance users. Results indicated that while multiple substance users were arrested more frequently and had more problems with family members, there were no differences compared to their single substance using counterparts in terms of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, or types of offense. These findings contrast with previous research on samples outside of community corrections suggesting that multiple substance use requires tailored interventions with consideration to context of their use. Discussion includes limitations to generalizability and assessment of substance use as well as implications for treatment and future research.
S1-nuclease-sensitive DNA structures contribute to transcriptional regulation of the human PDGF A-chain.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the rationale for selecting the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-chain gene for analysis and discusses the use of S1 nuclease sensitivity to identify seven regions in the PDGF A-chain gene that recognize DNA binding proteins and appear to be important in its regulation. It outlines a novel strategy to establish the importance of S1-nuclease-sensitive sites suggesting that mapping of S1-sensitive sites is a useful tool to identify potential regulatory regions within active genes. A number of investigators have refined the analysis of DNase I-hypersensitive sites and the basis of their formation. Two themes have consistently emerged that are relevant to the formation of DNase I-hypersensitive sites and their importance: (1) DNA structure is flexible and constantly subjeced to change as the result of micro- and macro-conformational stress; and (2) DNase I-hypersensitive sites often are at or near transcriptional regulatory regions. Nuclease-sensitive sites were first identified when investigators examined the conformation of DNA within transcriptionally “active” chromatin. The PDGF A-chain is very important for regulating both normal and abnormal cell growth. It is transcriptionally activated by different stimuli in vitro and in vivo .
Combined Rectilinear and Rotational Motions: Transmission Elements

Chapters 4 and 5 examined rectilinear and rotational motions of systems separately. However, for the majority of mechanical systems rotational and linear motions occur simultaneously. Familiar examples include:
Driving inventory system simulations with limited demand data: Insights from the newsvendor problem

ABSTRACTStochastic inventory system simulation is often the tool of choice by industry practitioners who struggle with the evaluation of the quality of proposed inventory targets using service leve...
Chromosomal radiosensitivity during G2 phase and susceptibility to plasmacytoma induction in mice.

Genetic differences in susceptibility to plasmacytoma induction among inbred strains of mice are well documented. Whether induced by i. p. implantation of plastic discs or injection of pristane, the BALB/c mouse, in contrast to most other commonly used inbred strains, is significantly more susceptible (Merwin and Redmon, 1963; Morse et al., 1980; Potter et al., 1984). The F1 hybrid between BALB/c and a resistant strain such as DBA/2 is resistant. This and other findings on hybrid crosses suggest that specific genes for susceptibility and/or resistance determine tumor incidence (Potter et al., 1975; Potter and Wax, 1981). Studies are in progress to identify these genes through the development of congenic BALB/c sublines carrying genes from a resistant strain. Particularly useful in this endeavor is the BALB/cJ mouse, which was separated in 1937 from the BALB/cAn subline; although showing minimal genetic drift in most properties, the BALB/cJ mouse is resistant to plasmacytoma induction (Potter and Wax, 1981, 1985).
The Application of Chronobiologic Techniques to Studies in the Digestive System

The application of chronobiologic techniques to studies of the digestive system offers many opportunites for basic and clinical investigators interested in gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology.
The Action of Ecdysone in Imaginal Discs and Kc Cells of Drosophila melanogaster

The imaginai discs and the cell line Kc from Drosophila melanogaster have been used in our laboratories as in vitro model systems for studying the mechanism of ecdysone action. The two systems are in many ways complementary. Both consist of imaginai cells which are induced to differentiate by treatment with the hormone. We shall attempt here to synthesize the results of independent work from our three laboratories using these model systems. We will not provide a comprehensive or unbiased review of the field. (We refer the reader to the papers by Richards and Lepesant [2] and by Best-Belpomme and Dastugue [3] in this volume for other points of view and additional Drosophila model systems.) Instead, we shall try to emphasize the experimental approaches for which these systems are particularly well-suited, and to point out similarities and differences in the details of their responses.
Analytic theory of random fields estimation and filtering

Let u(x)=s(x)+n(x), where u(x) is the observed random signal, s(x) is the useful signal, n(x) is noise, Open image in new window , where O is the domain of signal processing with a boundary Γ, and Open image in new window . Let A be some operator on s(x). The problem is to find a linear operator (estimate) Lu which estimates As optimally in the sense of least squares method, i.e. \(\varepsilon \equiv \overline {(Lu - As)^2 }\)= min. Here the bar denotes the mean value. If A=I (the identity operator) then the estimation problem is the filtering problem. The basic integral equation of the estimation theory is of the form Open image in new window , where h(y)=h(y,z) is the impulse reaction of the optimal filter (that is the optimal estimate is of the form Open image in new window is the covariance function of u, and \(f(x) = f(x,z) = \overline {u^ \star (x)s(z)}\). Here the asterisk denotes complex conjugation and it is assumed that \(\bar s = \bar u = \bar n = 0\), that is the mean values of the signals are zeros. The dependence on z in f and h is supressed since z enters as a parameter in the basic equation (0). The theory of equation (0) developed by the author is briefly surveyed in this paper and open problems are formulated.
The New Estimated Method for Refrigerating Capacity Produced by an Inward Turbine in the Aero-oxygen Plant

The loss of reheating shortage and Joule–Thomson effect are considered in the conventional estimated method for refrigerating capacity produced by an inward turbine in the aero-oxygen plant process. The deficiency of the method is analyzed in this article. The new estimated method is shown, that is using process calculation software. A calculation example is given also.
Prioritized Situation Awareness for Soccer Robots Using Timed Transition Petri Nets

Petri nets (PNs) are a type of modeling tool used to visualize and simulate a variety of simple and complex systems. Although basic PNs are a strong modeling tool by themselves, they are limited by their simplicity. The addition of a time variable into PN theory allows for the modeling of much more in depth systems. Timed PNs use specific time stamps to declare delays of certain operations. Not only does the addition of time expand the use of PNs, but it can be used to model systems in real time. The Robot Soccer World Cup Standard Platform League was chosen as the system to model due to its competitive and collaborative nature. In this paper, Timed PNs are used to model cooperation and communication between soccer playing robots through the Collaborative Passing and Movement (CoPaM) algorithm. Once modeling and simulations were completed, the results showed the constructed CoPaM algorithm was more efficient than the Simulated Annealing algorithm by 11% and more efficient than the Rapidly-exploring Random Tree algorithm by 58%.
Low Sensitivity of the Van Herick Method for Detecting Gonioscopic Angle Closure Independent of Observer Expertise.

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance characteristics of the Van Herick assessment (VHA) for identifying angle closure compared to gold-standard gonioscopy, as conducted by trained observers of varying expertise. Design Reliability analysis. Methods Patients (n = 131) from a glaucoma referral clinic aged ≥50 years without prior ocular surgery or iridotomy underwent unilateral VHA by 1 of 11 trained ophthalmic technicians, followed by VHA and indirect gonioscopy by 1 of 15 ophthalmology residents and 1 of 4 glaucoma specialist attending physicians. Observers were masked to others' gradings. Cohen's kappa (κ) assessed test reproducibility. VHA sensitivity and specificity for identifying gonioscopic angle closure were calculated. Results Mean patient age was 62.0 ± 8.7 years, 56% of patients were male, and 84% were African American. Angles were gonioscopically closed in 14.5% of eyes. Moderate agreement was observed comparing technician or resident VHA to attending VHA (κ = 0.48 and κ = 0.56, respectively). Resident and attending gonioscopy demonstrated excellent agreement (κ = 0.94). Sensitivities of technician, resident, and attending VHA for detecting angle closure were 57.9% (95% confidence interval: 34.0%–78.9%), 78.9% (53.9%–93.0%), and 68.4% (43.5%–86.4%), respectively. Specificities were 88.5% (80.3%–93.6%), 88.2% (80.3%–93.3%), and 87.5% (79.6%–92.8%), respectively. Conclusions VHA, even when performed by experienced ophthalmologists, misses a substantial proportion of angle closure while incorrectly identifying roughly 1 in 8 open-angle eyes as closed. These results suggest that clinical assessment of anterior chamber angle configuration is best accomplished with gonioscopy.
A Call for Exploration of the Utilization of Structural Family Therapy with Adolescent Girls with Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are extremely prevalent in the American society, particularly in the population of adolescent girls. Family dynamics have shown to have an effect on early development and symptom severity, identifying a necessity for early prevention and detection that can start in the home. In reviewing the literature, it has been found that treatment involving all family members can aid in symptom management of young girls who are struggling with eating disorders . This paper sheds light on the importance of implementing systemic treatment with adolescent girls. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need for exploration of the utilization of structural family therapy (SFT) with this population. The authors recommend SFT to suit the varying needs of clients with an eating disorder and their overarching families.
Hylemorphism, rigid designators, and the disembodied ‘Jesus’: a call for clarification

Many in the Christian tradition affirm two things: (1) that Jesus Christ descended to Hades/Limbus Patrum on Holy Saturday and (2) that the human nature of Jesus is a hylemorphic compound, the unity of a human soul and prime matter. I argue that (1) and (2) are incompatible; for the name ‘Jesus’, ‘Christ’, and ‘Jesus Christ’ rigidly designates a human being. But, given a certain view of hylemorphism, the human being, Jesus, ceased to exist in the time between his death and resurrection. So, Jesus did not descend to Hades/Limbus Patrum, even if God the Son did.
Overfitting in Synthesis: Theory and Practice (Extended Version).

In syntax-guided synthesis (SyGuS), a synthesizer's goal is to automatically generate a program belonging to a grammar of possible implementations that meets a logical specification. We investigate a common limitation across state-of-the-art SyGuS tools that perform counterexample-guided inductive synthesis (CEGIS). We empirically observe that as the expressiveness of the provided grammar increases, the performance of these tools degrades significantly. We claim that this degradation is not only due to a larger search space, but also due to overfitting. We formally define this phenomenon and prove no-free-lunch theorems for SyGuS, which reveal a fundamental tradeoff between synthesizer performance and grammar expressiveness. A standard approach to mitigate overfitting in machine learning is to run multiple learners with varying expressiveness in parallel. We demonstrate that this insight can immediately benefit existing SyGuS tools. We also propose a novel single-threaded technique called hybrid enumeration that interleaves different grammars and outperforms the winner of the 2018 SyGuS competition (Inv track), solving more problems and achieving a $5\times$ mean speedup.
Reducing Popularity Bias in Recommendation Over Time.

Many recommendation algorithms suffer from popularity bias: a small number of popular items being recommended too frequently, while other items get insufficient exposure. Research in this area so far has concentrated on a one-shot representation of this bias, and on algorithms to improve the diversity of individual recommendation lists. In this work, we take a time-sensitive view of popularity bias, in which the algorithm assesses its long-tail coverage at regular intervals, and compensates in the present moment for omissions in the past. In particular, we present a temporal version of the well-known xQuAD diversification algorithm adapted for long-tail recommendation. Experimental results on two public datasets show that our method is more effective in terms of the long-tail coverage and accuracy tradeoff compared to some other existing approaches.
Dairy Farms and H-2A Harms: How Present Immigration Policy Is Hurting Wisconsin and Immigrant Workers

The Wisconsin Dairy Industry is in a sour situation because it lacks a sufficient legal workforce. Since the advent of new milking technology, a push for industrialization, and the regulation of milk prices, the number of farms in America’s Dairyland has fallen, but their size has dramatically increased. Simultaneously, a shadow market of undocumented dairy workers emerged in Wisconsin, as farmers were desperate to fill positions in their milking parlors. Farmers in other agricultural sectors facing domestic labor shortages have the option of employing foreign workers through the H-2A agricultural guest worker program to fill their labor needs. However, this option is unavailable to dairy farmers, rendering them with no sustainable legal options for hiring foreign workers to meet labor demands. Additionally, even if dairy farmers could hire H-2A foreign workers, the current H-2A program features serious flaws including rampant worker exploitation, high cost, and an unwieldy application process. This Comment proposes redesigning the H-2A guest worker visa program from a federally-sponsored model to a state-sponsored model, utilizing the principles of federalism, delegation, and sub-delegation. The state-sponsored model offers solutions to three problems: Wisconsin dairy worker shortages; Wisconsin dairy’s relationship with undocumented workers; and H-2A failings. First, the state-sponsored guest worker program will offer Wisconsin dairy farmers a legal option to fulfill their labor needs and will reap economic benefits in Wisconsin and the United States. Second, the new H-2A program will allow for the participation of undocumented workers and provide lasting opportunities for legal immigration. Third, this state-sponsored model will correct the abuses and frustrations prevalent in the current H-2A program, through flexibility, state oversight, and employer de-centralization. Overall, this Comment’s proposed state-sponsored H-2A program will lead to greater protection of workers, economic benefit, and increased national security.
Neurocognitive markers of childhood abuse in individuals with PTSD: Findings from the INTRuST Clinical Consortium.

Abstract To date, few studies have evaluated the contribution of early life experiences to neurocognitive abnormalities observed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Childhood maltreatment is common among individuals with PTSD and is thought to catalyze stress-related biobehavioral changes that might impact both brain structure and function in adulthood. The current study examined differences in brain morphology (brain volume, cortical thickness) and neuropsychological performance in individuals with PTSD characterized by low or high self-reported childhood maltreatment, compared with healthy comparison participants. Data were drawn from the INjury and TRaUmatic STress (INTRuST) Clinical Consortium imaging repository, which contains MRI and self-report data for individuals classified as PTSD positive (with and without a history of mild traumatic brain injury [mTBI]), individuals with mTBI only, and healthy comparison participants. The final sample included 36 individuals with PTSD without childhood maltreatment exposure (PTSD, n = 30 with mTBI), 31 individuals with PTSD and childhood maltreatment exposure (PTSD + M, n = 26 with mTBI), and 114 healthy comparison participants without history of childhood maltreatment exposure (HC). The PTSD + M and PTSD groups demonstrated cortical thinning in prefrontal and occipital regions, and poorer verbal memory and processing speed compared to the HC group. PTSD + M participants demonstrated cortical thinning in frontal and cingulate regions, and poorer executive functioning relative to the PTSD and HC groups. Thus, neurocognitive features varied between individuals with PTSD who did versus did not have exposure to childhood maltreatment, highlighting the need to assess developmental history of maltreatment when examining biomarkers in PTSD.
Stories to Communicate Individual Risk for Opioid Prescriptions for Back and Kidney Stone Pain: Protocol for the Life STORRIED Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Prescription opioid misuse in the United States is a devastating public health crisis; many chronic opioid users were originally prescribed this class of medication for acute pain. Video narrative–enhanced risk communication may improve patient outcomes, such as knowledge of opioid risk and opioid use behaviors after an episode of acute pain. Objective: Our objective is to assess the effect of probabilistic and narrative-enhanced opioid risk communication on patient-reported outcomes, including knowledge, opioid use, and patient preferences, for patients who present to emergency departments with back pain and kidney stone pain. Methods: This is a multisite randomized controlled trial. Patients presenting to the acute care facilities of four geographically and ethnically diverse US hospital centers with acute renal colic pain or musculoskeletal back and/or neck pain are eligible for this randomized controlled trial. A control group of patients receiving general risk information is compared to two intervention groups: one receiving the risk information sheet plus an individualized, visual probabilistic Opioid Risk Tool (ORT) and another receiving the risk information sheet plus a video narrative–enhanced probabilistic ORT. We will study the effect of probabilistic and narrative-enhanced opioid risk communication on the following: risk awareness and recall at 14 days postenrollment, reduced use or preferences for opioids after the emergency department episode, and alignment with patient preference and provider prescription. To assess these outcomes, we administer baseline patient surveys during acute care admission and follow-up surveys at predetermined times during the 3 months after discharge. Results: A total of 1302 patients were enrolled over 24 months. The mean age of the participants was 40 years (SD 14), 692 out of 1302 (53.15%) were female, 556 out of 1302 (42.70%) were White, 498 out of 1302 (38.25%) were Black, 1002 out of 1302 (76.96%) had back pain, and 334 out of 1302 (25.65%) were at medium or high risk. Demographics and ORT scores were equally distributed across arms. Conclusions: This study seeks to assess the potential clinical role of narrative-enhanced, risk-informed communication for acute pain management in acute care settings. This paper outlines the protocol used to implement the study and highlights crucial methodological, statistical, and stakeholder involvement as well as dissemination considerations. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03134092; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03134092
A conversation with Alain Schnapp

On 13 November 2017, Yannis Hamilakis, Felipe Rojas, and several other archaeologists at Brown University engaged in a conversation with Alain Schnapp about his life and career. Hamilakis and Rojas were interested in learning about how Schnapp’s early academic and political interests intersected with the history of Classics and classical archaeology in France, Europe and elsewhere in the world, and also about the origins and current aims of Schnapp’s work on the history of archaeology and antiquarianism and the cross-cultural history of ruins. Schnapp and his interlocutors began by discussing Schnapp’s formative years and the intersections between archaeology and politics in mid-20th-century France. Their conversation turns to the role of individual scholars, specifically classicists and archaeologists, in the momentous social events in Paris in 1968. The final part of the dialogue concerns Schnapp’s contributions to the history of archaeology and the possibilities of engaging in the comparison of antiquarian traditions.
Impact of Real-Time CGM Data Sharing on Quality of Life in the Caregivers of Adults and Children with Type 1 Diabetes:

Background:To examine caregivers’ experiences with real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) data sharing and its impact on quality of life (QoL) and health outcomes.Methods:Parents of child...
“We Dissect Stupidity and Respond to It”: Response Videos and Networked Harassment on YouTube:

Over the past decade YouTube “response videos” in which a user offers counterarguments to a video uploaded by another user have become popular among political creators. While creators often frame r...
The effect of visually significant dermatochalasis and blepharoptosis on driving safety.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of visually significant blepharoptosis and dermatochalasis on driving safety and performance. Patients with visually significant blepharoptosis often complain of difficulty with driving, but the impact of blepharoptosis on driving has not been evaluated in a real-world setting. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of 610 consecutive adult patients undergoing bilateral functional blepharoplasty or ptosis repair surgery at a single, University-based practice between 2014 and 2017. This cohort had a median age of 65 and was predominantly female. Pre-operative rates of motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) and moving violations (MVs) extracted from state Department of Transportation (DOT) records were compared with post-operative rates, using each patient as their own control. Poisson models were used for analysis. RESULTS Subjects were included in the study for a median of 730 days before eyelid surgery (IQR 346 - 730) and 783 days after surgery (IQR 449 - 1176). There were 30 total MVCs before surgery (0.024 per subject, per year) and 48 after surgery (0.036 per subject, per year) (p = 0.08). There were 81 MVs before surgery (0.065 per subject, per year) and 66 after (0.049 per subject, per year) (p = 0.11). The multivariable model comparing MVCs pre- versus post-surgery adjusting for age, ptosis severity, gender, and comorbidities yields a rate ratio of 0.63 (p = 0.05). The multivariable model comparing MVs pre- versus post-surgery demonstrates a rate-ratio of 1.2 (p = 0.20). Older age was associated with lower rates of moving violations (coefficient of -0.03, p < 0.01). None of the other variables included in the final models had a significant association with MVCs or MVs. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, visually significant blepharoptosis and dermatochalasis were not associated with rates of MVCs or MVs. Further work is needed to study the impact of these common conditions on driving, for example adjusting MVC and MV rates by miles driven, which may influence decisions about when to operate on ptotic eyelids.
Schottiin, a new prenylated isoflavones from Psorothamnus schottii and antibacterial synergism studies between methicillin and fremontone against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 1708.

Bioactivity guided isolation of an ethanol extract of the root of Psoromanthus schottii (Family Fabaceae) afforded a new prenylated isoflavone, named schottiin (5,7,5'-trihydroxy-4'-O-methyl-6'-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-isoflavone) (1), together with four other isoflavones, including fremontone (2), 5,7,4',5'-tetrahydroxy-2'-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-isoflavone (3), glycyrrhisoflavone (4) and fremontin (5), of which 3 and 4 identified as isomeric mixture. Structures of 1-5 were determined by full spectroscopic analyses. A comprehensive 2 D NMR spectral data has allowed revising the structure of fremontone as 2 from previously reported 2 A. Compound 2 showed weak in-vitro antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A combination study using a checkerboard assay between fremontone (2) and methicillin exhibited a synergistic activity with 8-fold decrease in MIC of methicillin, as well as an additive effect with vancomycin against MRSA ATCC 1708. Compounds 1 and 2 also showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and -resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with no cytotoxicity to mammalian Vero cells.
Conceptual psychiatry: the ground beneath our feet.

… at a time when the very foundations of physics itself have become as problematic as they are now… when experience forces us to seek a newer and more solid foundation, the physicist cannot simply ...
Infrastructures of Interrituality and the Aesthetics of Saint Veneration Rituals Among Orthodox Christians and Arab Alawites in Hatay

This research proposes a new approach to the study of ritual through interreligious relations in Hatay, Turkey. By conceptualizing interrituality as a conceptual tool of analysis with which to investigate relations between differing religious communities through the lens of saint venerations rituals at shared sacred sites, the study of ritual as a material expression and manifestation of larger institutions of religious practice is reshaped and broadened. This helps to account for the concrete temporal and geographical contexts. I utilize interrituality in the analysis of shared ritual practices in Hatay—specifically between Arab Alawites and Greek Orthodox Christians—and the shared significance of saint veneration at sacred sites throughout the region. In utilizing a multi-sited approach to ethnographic research in studying interreligious relations, the infrastructures of interrituality focus on the intersections among interpersonal and interreligious relations, established through the performance of rituals as spatial and temporal interfaces.
Fine particulate matter relates to white matter microstructure alterations in U.S. children

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Recent epidemiological findings have increased concern that exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm; PM2.5) may be neurotoxic, even at lo...
Stiffness after Rotator Cuff Repair

Postoperative stiffness after rotator cuff repair can be functionally debilitating and lead to significant patient dissatisfaction. Both non-modifiable and modifiable patient risk factors can play a role in the development of significant postsurgical stiffness. Additionally, certain technical characteristics of the operation have been shown to correlate with the risk of a limited range of motion postoperatively. Management options for postoperative stiffness after rotator cuff repair include both nonoperative, as well as operative interventions. Despite a number of advances in the surgical techniques for rotator cuff repair, postoperative rehabilitation protocols, and treatment options for substantial loss of range of motion, postoperative stiffness after rotator cuff repair remains a difficult problem for patients and surgeons.
How should we communicate the likelihood of risks to inform decisions about consent

A longstanding concern in research ethics is whether prospective research participants are given adequate information about the potential risks of research participation during the informed con sent process.' This review of some of the literature about how to convey risk information in the clinical and research contexts shows that communicating the chances of adverse consequences to potential research subjects is a complex undertaking.2
Intercellular Movement of Plant Transcription Factors, Coregulators, and Their mRNAs

Abstract Due to their sessile lifestyle, plants have evolved numerous noncell-autonomous signaling pathways, many of which involve transcription factors (TFs) or coregulators. These long- or short-range signals respond to environmental cues, are transported through plasmodesmata, may be graft transmissible, and are mobile in the form of a protein or a full-length mRNA. Whereas there are hundreds of proteins and full-length mRNAs that move through the phloem system, the functions of most are unknown. This chapter focuses on the most prominent examples of TFs that (1) move from cell to cell or (2) are mobile through the sieve element system and affect key developmental processes. Significant RNAs that move include a BEL1-like TF mediating tuberization in potato, GA INSENSITIVE, KNOTTED1-types, and two Flowering Locus T types. Whereas there are numerous examples of TFs that move cell to cell in protein form, there is sparse evidence of these trafficking through the sieve element system. Established as critical for flowering in several plant species, protein movement from leaf to the shoot apex occurs for the ubiquitous transcriptional coregulator, Flowering Locus T.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Stability of a Vortex Pair

The linear stability of the trailing vortex pair from an aircraft is discussed. The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to obtain a general solution for the flow field within and near a curved vortex filament with an arbitrary distribution of swirl and axial velocities. The velocity field induced in the neighborhood of the vortex core by distant portions of the vortex line is calculated for a sinusoidally perturbed vortex filament and for a vortex ring. General expressions for the self-induced motion are given for these two cases. It is shown that the details of the vorticity and axial velocity distributions affect the self-induced motion only through the kinetic energy of the swirl and the axial momentum flux. The presence of axial velocity in the core reduces both the angular velocity of the sinusoidal vortex filament and the speed of the ring. The vortex pair instability is then considered in terms of the more general model for self-induced motion of the sinusoidal vortex. The presence of axial velocity within the core slightly decreases the amplification rate of the instability. Experimental results for the distortion and breakup of a perturbed vortex pair are presented.
Library 2.0: A Guide to Participatory Library Service

Library 2.0: A Guide to Participatory Library Service addresses a broad range of levels of integrating Web 2.0 technologies into the library arena. Whether your library has already adopted various ...
Information Processing and Choice Behavior1

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on information processing and choice behavior. It presents a philosophical discussion of mathematical works in the field of social sciences. There is a classical distinction in the field of social sciences. This is the distinction between normative and descriptive theory. The classical ideas of individual choice behavior in economic contexts could be represented by merely ordinal choice. From a conceptual standpoint, the important limiting characteristic of the classical ordinal theory is the requirement that a person knows with certainty the consequences of his choice. In terms of information processing, the most relevant part of psychology is the theory of concept formation. It is apparent that learning models discussed in the chapter do not provide a mechanism that explains or accounts for the learning of a concept by an organism. Thus, the next level of complexity in models of behavior is to move to the postulation of underlying mechanisms that will provide a framework for the analysis of the learning process.
DIOPTAS: a program for reduction of two-dimensional X-ray diffraction data and data exploration

The amount of data collected during synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments is constantly increasing. Most of the time, the data are collected with image detectors, which necessitates the use of image reduction/integration routines to extract structural information from measured XRD patterns. This step turns out to be a bottleneck in the data processing procedure due to a lack of suitable software packages. In particular, fast-running synchrotron experiments require online data reduction and analysis in real time so that experimental parameters can be adjusted interactively. Dioptas is a Python-based program for on-the-fly data processing and exploration of two-dimensional X-ray diffraction area detector data, specifically designed for the large amount of data collected at XRD beamlines at synchrotrons. Its fast data reduction algorithm and graphical data exploration capabilities make it ideal for online data processing during XRD experiments and batch post-processing of large numbers of images.
Difference-frequency generation of spectrally bright, ∼1W average-power mid-IR radiation using a ns-pulse fiber laser

We obtained average power/pulse energy of ∼1W/5μJ at ∼3520nm wavelength via difference-frequency generation in periodically poled lithium niobate using an all-fiber, few-ns pulsed laser source operating at 1064nm and a 10mW continuous-wave 1525 nm single-frequency diode laser.
Dietary patterns of women smokers and non-smokers.

The 1-day food intakes of 1,338 women, aged 19 to 50, who were respondents in the 1985 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals, were studied. The energy, nutrient, and food intake patterns of smokers, those who had quit smoking, and those who had never smoked cigarettes were compared. Mean energy intakes of smokers (1,627 kcal), those who had never smoked (1,620 kcal), and those who had quit at least 1 year before the interview (1,719 kcal) were not significantly different. Self-reported body weight was significantly different between never-smokers and smokers (p
Transient and total dose irradiation of BESOI 4K SRAM

A BESOI 4K SRAM was characterized in transient and total dose radiation environments. Transient upset level was explored as a function of radiation pulse width. A total dose experiment was performed to determine the level at which read or write failures occurred. In addition the total dose level at which imprinting occurred was determined. It was shown that devices fabricated in bonded and etchback (BESOI) technology should exhibit high dose-rate upset levels (above 10/sup 10/ rad(Si)/s) but may not be applicable for high total dose uses, especially if total dose imprinting is detrimental to the system. Total dose failures were observed above 4.3/spl times/10/sup 5/ rad(SiO/sub 2/) and imprinting occurred between 4 and 6/spl times/10/sup 4/ rad(SiO/sub 2/).
Characterization of lithium out-diffused slab waveguides in LiNbO/sub 3/ as a function of fabrication conditions

We are interested in fabricating titanium in-diffused lithium niobate (Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/) slab waveguides that support a single TE polarized mode propagating in the direction of the crystal's x-axis using optical grade, y-cut wafers. Titanium in-diffused waveguides are fabricated by diffusing titanium metal into a lithium niobate substrate at high temperature to yield an increased surface ordinary and extraordinary refractive index. However, lithium can diffuse from the LiNbO/sub 3/ substrate during the high temperature cycle required for titanium in-diffusion. This lithium out-diffusion creates a surface region of higher extraordinary refractive index that, by itself can support guided modes. The presence of both lithium out-diffusion and titanium in-diffusion make it difficult to fabricate single-mode slab waveguides that satisfy our particular waveguide orientation. We evaluated various fabrication methods for their ability to eliminate lithium out-diffusion in slab waveguides. These waveguides were characterized using prism out-coupling to measure mode effective index and number. From the number of guided modes and value of mode effective index we inferred the effect of a particular fabrication method on lithium out-diffusion. >
Analysis-preserving video microscopy compression via correlation and mathematical morphology

The large amount video data produced by multi-channel, high-resolution microscopy system drives the need for a new high-performance domain-specific video compression technique. We describe a novel compression method for video microscopy data. The method is based on Pearson's correlation and mathematical morphology. The method makes use of the point-spread function (PSF) in the microscopy video acquisition phase. We compare our method to other lossless compression methods and to lossy JPEG, JPEG2000, and H.264 compression for various kinds of video microscopy data including fluorescence video and brightfield video. We find that for certain data sets, the new method compresses much better than lossless compression with no impact on analysis results. It achieved a best compressed size of 0.77% of the original size, 25× smaller than the best lossless technique (which yields 20% for the same video). The compressed size scales with the video's scientific data content. Further testing showed that existing lossy algorithms greatly impacted data analysis at similar compression sizes.