cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decreased platelet dense granule number and volume associated with menorrhagia

Abstract Background: The role of platelets in menorrhagia has not been fully studied. One candidate platelet (PL) defect is dense granule (DG) deficiency (DGD), a heterogeneous bleeding diathesis characterized by variable abnormalities in PL aggregation and decreased DG number by electron microscopy (EM). Additionally, DG volume deficiency can produce a storage pool defect analogous to that of typical platelet DGD. Objective: To determine platelet DG number and total DG volume (TDGV) in a subset of consecutive menorrhagia patients participating in an ongoing study of the prevalence of von Willebrand’s disease (vWd) in menorrhagia in Rochester, NY. Methods: Females were recruited presenting with menorrhagia within the previous 12 months with a pictorial chart score of menses of more than 100. Ultrastructural evaluation of DGs was performed on whole mounted platelets using standard EM methods. Results: To date, the last 31 consecutive patients (PCS >100) have been evaluated for DG storage pool deficiency with a mean DG number of 2.56 ± 1.26 (normal: 5.04 ± 0.51 DG/PL); 26/31 (84%) have a mean DG number of more than 3 standard deviations below the normal mean ( 6 nm 3 /PL (normal: 10.89 ± 1.22 × 10 6 nm 3 /PL). In 16 of 31 (52%) patients, there were more than two additional bleeding symptoms; 23 of 31 (74%) have normal vWf levels. Conclusions: In a cohort of patients with menorrhagia undergoing testing for vWd, all patients have decreased TDGV, and more than 80% have decreased DG number. Whether the defect of the dense granules is acquired or inherited, and is a cause or consequence of menorrhagia, merits further study.
Locating Nosetips and Estimating Head Pose in Images by Tensorposes

This paper introduces a head pose estimation system that localizes nose-tip of the faces and estimate head poses in images simultaneously. After the nose-tip in the training data are manually labeled, the appearance variation caused by head pose changes is characterized by tensor model. Given images with unknown head pose and nose-tip location, the nose-tip of the face is localized in a coarse-to-fine fashion, and the head pose can be estimated simultaneously. We evaluated our system on the Pointing'04 head pose image database with 50% of the data as training set and the rest as testing set. With the nose-tip location provided, our head pose estimators can achieve 94% head pose classification accuracy(within plusmn15deg). With nose-tip automatically localized, we achieves 85% nose-tip localization accuracy(within 3 pixels from the ground truth), and 81% head pose classification accuracy (within plusmn15deg).
Creating a Toolkit for Identifying Twice-Exceptional Students:

also included in this article is a discussion of issues raised during the implementation of the toolkit.
Identification of a Second Collagen-Like Glycoprotein Produced by Bacillus anthracis and Demonstration of Associated Spore-Specific Sugars

Certain carbohydrates (rhamnose, 3-O-methyl rhamnose, and galactosamine) have been demonstrated to be present in Bacillus anthracis spores but absent in vegetative cells. Others have demonstrated that these spore-specific sugars are constituents of the glycoprotein BclA. In the current work, spore extracts were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A second collagen-like glycoprotein, BclB, was identified in B. anthracis. The protein moiety of this glycoprotein was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) and the carbohydrate components by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. Spore-specific sugars were also demonstrated to be components of BclB.
HealthAware: Tackling obesity with health aware smart phone systems

Obesity prevention requires individuals to have healthy eating and physical activity awareness in their daily lives. New technological products have been explored to help monitoring individual health behaviors. Smart phones are ubiq­uitous hand-held tools with rich embedded sensors and limited computing power. A smart phone is a prospective candidate to integrate physical exercise analysis and food intake monitoring. This paper presents a novel health-aware smart phone system (HealthAware) which utilizes the embedded accelerometer to monitor daily physical activities and the built-in camera to analyze food items. The system presents the user's physical activity counts at real time to remind how much daily activity is needed to keep healthy. The user takes pictures of food items and the system provides health related information regarding to the food item intakes. The system is composed of an on-device database which holds the user specific data and food item information. HealthAware is a real time practical system to prevent obesity by enhancing individual daily healthy behavior awareness.
Effects of Sex and Gender Role on Leader Emergence

The effects of sex and gender role on self- and group perceptions of leader emergence were examined. Though women were slightly more likely to emerge as leaders than men, gender role had a stronger...
In vitro antibacterial activity and in vivo efficacy of hydrated clays on Mycobacterium ulcerans growth

Buruli ulcer, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is a localized skin lesion that can progress to extensive ulceration and necrosis if left untreated. Unpublished studies of hydrated clays for therapeutic, topical treatment of Buruli ulcer suggest that specific clay mineral products may have beneficial effects on wound healing. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activity of a panel of clay mixtures and their derivative leachates against M. ulcerans and assessed the in vivo efficacy of topically-applied, hydrated clays on Buruli ulcer progression in mice infected with M. ulcerans. M. ulcerans 1615 was incubated with 10 % suspensions of CB07, CB08, CB09, CB10, and BY07 clay mixtures, and survival was determined over 28 days. For animal experiments, we examined the effect of topical hydrated clay therapy on Buruli ulcer progression in vivo in mouse tails subcutaneously infected with M. ulcerans 1615. The CB07, CB08, and CB09 clays exhibited bactericidal activity against M. ulcerans after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of incubation. In contrast, clay leachates exhibited inhibitory, bacteriostatic effects on M. ulcerans growth in vitro. After establishing an ulcerative M. ulcerans infection for three months, ulcerated regions of the tails were treated once daily (five consecutive days per week) for 22 days with hydrated CB09 clay poultices. Mice in the clay treatment group exhibited healing as assessed by gross morphological changes and a reduction in M. ulcerans present in the wounds. These data reveal that specific clays exhibit in vitro bactericidal activity against M. ulcerans and that hydrated clay poultices may offer a complementary and integrative strategy for topically treating Buruli ulcer disease.
System for Extracting Corn Rootworm Larvae from Soil Samples

A system composed of a soil washing apparatus and differential flotation methods for extracting 2nd-, and 3rd-instar corn rootworms, Diabrotica spp., from soil samples is described. Tests demonstrated that this system had a 93.4% overall retrieval efficiency and that 2 persons could process ca. 100, 1.4-liter soil samples/day.
Heterobimetallic Copper(II) Uranyl Carboxyphenylphosphonates

The hydrothermal reactions of uranyl nitrate with diethyl(2-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)phosphonate, 3-carboxyphenylphosphonic acid, or diethyl(3-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)phosphonate with HF result in the formation of [Cu(H2O)]2Cu(H2O)2[(UO2)(PO3C6H4CO2H)(PO3C6H4CO2)]2 (UCuCPPE-1) and [H3O]2[Cu(H2O)]2[(UO2)3(PO3C6H4CO2)4]·3H2O (UCuCPPE-2). UCuCPPE-1 is constructed from the UO22+ moiety coordinated by four additional oxygen donor atoms from the phosphonate moiety, resulting in a tetragonal bipyramidal geometry. The phosphonate groups span between the uranyl cations to create chains that are in turn linked into sheets by square planar and square pyramidal Cu(II) units. The phenyl groups separate the sheets from one another. The structure of UCuCPPE-2 consists of a three-dimensional network of tetragonal bipyramidal and pentagonal bipyramidal U(VI) centers. These units form chains that the phosphonate groups link into sheets. The sheets are then joined together by square pyramidal CuO5 units to create the three-dimensi...
Death: The Ultimate Social Construction of Reality

Using Berger and Luckmann's thesis (1966) on the social construction of reality as rationale, this research analyzes the death drawings of 946 university students enrolled in a Death and Dying cour...
High-resolution imaging of the intramolecular structure of indomethacin-carrying dendrimers by scanning tunneling microscopy.

Dendrimers have shown great potential in drug delivery because of their enhancement of drug solubility in aqueous media, leading to an increase in in vivo circulation and efficacy to targets. The s...
A Hybrid Multi-GPU/CPU Computational Framework for Rotorcraft Flows on Unstructured Overset Grids

The advent of General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs) has spawned a lot of interest in computing high resolution flows in a shorter span of time. In combination with existing parallel programming techniques such as MPI or openMP, one is able to obtain at least one order increase in speed-up for CFD applications on stationary grids. Due to a high throughput/cost ratio, GPUs are increasingly becoming popular among the CFD community. Flow fields on helicopter systems rank among one of the most challenging, and hence are computationally demanding to simulate. Further, presence of multiple bodies moving relative to each other require use of overset grid systems, which in turn, require efficient overset grid assembly methods to support the flow solution. In this context, a computational framework for flow simulation across multiple CPU cores and multiple GPUs has been developed and tested. It is shown that the overall wall-clock time for the simulation can be considerably reduced by using multiple GPU cards. The parallel GPU framework is initially tested using both explicit and implicit schemes for the flow past a sphere. Further, a two-blade hovering rotor test case adopted from literature is used to demonstrate the capability of the code towards simulating rotorcraft flows in a short span of time.
Interspecific associations of Pistacia chinensis community and association index-rank pattern model

Interspecific association,which reflects the interspecific relationships and community stability,is an important index in the conservation of biodiversity and the sustainable utilization of plant community.Seven indicators,including over all correlation test VR,χ2statistics test,coupling coefficient AC,point correlation coefficient PCC and matching coefficients of JI,OI,DI,were calculated to indicate the interspecific association of Pistacia chinensis community.At the community level,we analyzed the interspecific association of species and at the population level,we analyzed the association between male and female P.chinensis,male or female P.chinensis and the other species.We also use Spearman's rank correlation models to calculate the relevance between P.chinensis and the other species and find the differences between female and male P.chinensis.The results were shown in the followings: The whole relevance of P.chinensis community was not strong with significantly negative correlation.Significantly negative correlation was found between P.chinensis population and the other species.The positive correlation between male P.chinensis and the other species(72.7%) was higher than that between female P.chinensis and the other species(27.3%).The positive correlation between female P.chinensis and the nitrogen fixation Alnus sibirica and the significantly negative correlation between female P.chinensis and Stephanandra incise with high frequency in the community might be due to the breeding cost and the foraging behaviors.The rank correlation equations of male and female P.chinensis and male P.chinensis were all linear,while that of female P.chinensis was concave curve.The slope of rank correlation equation of three joint index JI,AC and PCC was negative.The absolute value of the slope ranked in the order of female male the whole of female and male P.chinensis.The association index-rank pattern model was first used in the paper,where the absolute value of the slope could reflect the level of tightness between the central species and the others in the community.When the absolute value of the line gradient was larger,the stage of interspecific association was more unstable.This provides a new model to further reveal the interspecific association and a novel idea to analyze the interspecific association of the dioecious plants.
MONITORING RESULTS ON DISINFECTION EFFICACY OF BASIC UNIT MEDICAL INSTITUTION OF CHAOYANG CITY

Objective To know the status of disinfection quality of the urban basic medical institution,to provide the reference for strengthen the disinfection management.Methods Field sampling and bacterial examination method were used to detect the disinfection and sterilization quality of the medical institutions.Results From 2005 to 2009,3 107 samples were examined.The total qualified rate was 82.8%.There was no statistics difference between qualified rate of various years.In different monitored object,the qualified rate of indoor air,object surface and the medical personnel hand disinfection was low,the average qualified rate was 68%~76%.Conclusion The basic medical institution health disinfection quality of the area was good.But the indoor air and the medical personnel sanitary quality should be strengthened.
Technology and note-taking in the classroom, boardroom, hospital room, and courtroom

Abstract To date, technological interventions in note-taking have been generally unsuccessful in improving performance. One reason for this lack of success may be that developers focus on making note-taking easier, while neglecting how the technologies could affect the other psychological processes underlying effective note-taking. Importantly, since note-taking serves different purposes in different situations, the effectiveness of various technologies will also be situationally dependent. In this paper, we explore four distinct note-taking settings: the classroom, the boardroom, the hospital room, and the courtroom. In each section, we quickly review important past research before addressing the current state of note-taking in that arena, with special attention given to technological interventions. We conclude each section with a short discussion of what kinds of new technologies would be most helpful for note-taking in those situations.
Money to the people: a calculation of direct dividend payments in Africa

Historical data shows that large natural resource endowments have not translated into better quality of life in Sub-Saharan Africa (“Africa” for short). The problem is becoming more urgent, as new exploration technologies are rapidly expanding the number of countries whose fiscal revenues will grow, in many cases massively, with new oil, gas and mineral discoveries. A search is on for innovative approaches in managing this commodity bonanza. This paper focuses on the distribution of resource rents as cash transfers to citizens, so-called “Direct Dividend Payments” (DDPs). It expands on recent related literature by calculating such transfers, whether universal or targeted, for every African country for which data is available, and compares them to measures of poverty depth under both national and global definitions. Furthermore, it extends the analysis to a different kind of resource flow enjoyed by most African countries—foreign aid. We found that DDPs can account for a large proportion of the income Africa’s poor need to step over the poverty line.
Modifications Made by the New York Public Library to RLIN Hebraica Records

In its Hebraica cataloging on RLIN, the Jewish Division of the New York Public Library aims for a complete "9114" cataloging category (CC) record, as specified by the Research Libraries Group. Derived records with a CC value of "9994", signifying a lower level of cataloging quality, are enhanced by romanizing field 245 #b, i.e., "other title" information. Field 245 #c (statement of responsibility) can remain unromanized, for the author's name in Latin characters appears in field 1 xx (main entry). Complete collation, appropriate subject headings, added entries and notes deemed necessary to describe a book's contents are added. Three figures illustrating these points accompany the text.
Mechanisms of Action and Cell Death Associated with Clostridium perfringens Toxins.

Clostridium perfringens uses its large arsenal of protein toxins to produce histotoxic, neurologic and intestinal infections in humans and animals. The major toxins involved in diseases are alpha (CPA), beta (CPB), epsilon (ETX), iota (ITX), enterotoxin (CPE), and necrotic B-like (NetB) toxins. CPA is the main virulence factor involved in gas gangrene in humans, whereas its role in animal diseases is limited and controversial. CPB is responsible for necrotizing enteritis and enterotoxemia, mostly in neonatal individuals of many animal species, including humans. ETX is the main toxin involved in enterotoxemia of sheep and goats. ITX has been implicated in cases of enteritis in rabbits and other animal species; however, its specific role in causing disease has not been proved. CPE is responsible for human food-poisoning and non-foodborne C. perfringens-mediated diarrhea. NetB is the cause of necrotic enteritis in chickens. In most cases, host–toxin interaction starts on the plasma membrane of target cells via specific receptors, resulting in the activation of intracellular pathways with a variety of effects, commonly including cell death. In general, the molecular mechanisms of cell death associated with C. perfringens toxins involve features of apoptosis, necrosis and/or necroptosis.
Angular Momentum and Spin

Classically, angular momentum may be thought of as the Hamiltonian generator of rotations (Proposition 2.30). Angular momentum is a particularly useful concept when a system has rotational symmetry, since in that case the angular momentum is a conserved quantity (Proposition 2.18). Quantum mechanically, angular momentum is still the “generator”of rotations, meaning that it is the infinitesimal generator of a one-parameter group of unitary rotation operators, in the sense of Stone’s theorem (Theorem 10.15).
Progestin and estrogen regulation of pulsatile LH release and development of persistent ovarian follicles in cattle

When doses of progestin used commercially are administered to synchronize the stage of the estrous cycle among bovine females, fertility is reduced compared with that of untreated controls. The reduced fertility that results from the use of progestin based estrus synchrony regimens is associated with the development of persistent ovarian follicles. Persistent ovarian follicles develop as a result of the greater frequency of LH pulses that occurs during the period of treatment with progestins. The greater release of LH pulses results in enhanced secretion of 17 beta-estradiol from persistent ovarian follicles. The greater frequency of LH release or the greater secretion of 17 beta-estradiol associated with development of persistent ovarian follicles probably contributes to the reduced fertility that occurs when progestins are used to synchronize stage of the estrous cycle.
Structures of Importins and Exportins

The karyopherin-β (Kap) family of nuclear transport receptors mediates the majority of nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of macromolecules, especially that of proteins. Kaps include importins that transport cargos into the nucleus, exportins that transport cargos out of the nucleus, and bidirectional Kaps that transport one set of cargos into the nucleus and another set of cargos out of the nucleus. The binding of transport cargos to Kaps and the release of cargos from Kaps are controlled by the Ran GTPase, hence dependent on the RanGTP–RanGDP gradient in cells. Many structures of the import adaptor importin-α complexes and of ten different Kaps are available. This chapter begins covers nucleotide-specific conformational differences of the Ran GTPase, structural information on importin-α and of ten different Kaps describing how each protein recognizes cargo(s), how Ran affects Kap-cargo interactions, and in a few cases how Kaps interact with nucleoporins.
The Backbone: Construction of a Regional Electricity Grid in the Arabian Peninsula

ABSTRACTThis article studies the production of a power grid across six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, known as ‘the backbone,’ which has been conceptualized as an answer to power outages...
Interruption Timing Prediction via Prosodic Task Boundary Model for Human-Machine Teaming

Human-machine teaming aims to meld the human cognitive strengths with the unique capabilities of smart machines to create intelligent teams adaptive to rapidly changing circumstances. One major problem within human-machine teaming is a lack of communication skills on the part of the machine such as the inability to know when to communicate information to or interrupt human teammates. To address this issue, an intelligent interruption system that monitors the speech within human-machine teaming interactions and predicts when to interrupt based on where human teammates are within the primary task is proposed. The intelligent interruption system leverages the raw audio within a simulated human-machine teaming interaction, extracts prosodic information, and predicts task boundaries as candidate interruption timings. Various machine learning techniques are evaluated as a prosody-only task boundary model and their task boundary detection performance is compared. The prosody-only task boundary model is implemented in real-time and the system latency and task boundary detection performance is evaluated. The final results indicate that although prosodic information processes with a low latency making it tractable in real-time, the prosody-only task boundary model performance is degraded in robust dialogues of human-machine teaming interactions.
Expanding Servicescape Dimensions with Safety: An Exploratory Study

This exploratory research allows participant responses to drive the development of key servicescape dimensions and to determine whether a safety-related dimension surfaces from the data. The study ...
Neurologic complications after the frozen elephant trunk procedure: A meta-analysis of more than 3000 patients.

Abstract Objective The frozen elephant trunk technique's safety regarding spinal cord ischemia has been questioned. We used a meta-analysis to determine the rates of adverse neurologic events and mortality. Methods We searched PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases (inception to April 2018) to identify studies of neurologic events after the frozen elephant trunk procedure. Separate meta-analyses were conducted with random-effects models to assess frozen elephant trunk associations with spinal cord ischemia, stroke, operative mortality, and all adverse events combined. Subgroup analyses compared outcomes in patients with acute versus nonacute type A dissection and aneurysm and with different extents of coverage. Results Thirty-five studies (total N = 3154) met inclusion criteria. The pooled rates of the outcomes of interest were 4.7% (95% confidence interval, 3.5-6.2) for spinal cord ischemia, 7.6% (95% confidence interval, 5.0-11.5) for stroke, and 8.8% (95% confidence interval, 7.0-10.9) for operative mortality. The spinal cord ischemia event rate was higher with stent length 15 cm or greater or coverage to T8 or beyond than with stent length of 10 cm (11.6% vs 2.5%, P Conclusions As the frozen elephant trunk procedure becomes more popular, accurate data regarding outcomes are vital. We associated the frozen elephant trunk technique with (nonsignificantly) more adverse events overall in acute type A dissection cases. Stent length of 10 cm was associated with significantly less risk of spinal cord ischemia. Using a stent 15 cm or greater or coverage extending to T8 or farther should be avoided.
Assessment of Higher-Education Hospitality Programs

The function of assessment in higher-education hospitality programs is to improve student learning. Although the assessment process is common in higher-education institutions, examples of assessment practices in hospitality programs have not been made available to academic practitioners. This paper describes a method successful at formulating assessment in a hospitality college professional program.
Social media’s commodified, transgender ambassador: Caitlyn Jenner, celebrity activism, and social media

American Olympic athlete and former reality television star Caitlyn Jenner remains a polarising figure in discussions of celebrity culture, transgender visibility, and social activism due to her co...
Effect of a Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Aid for African-American Men in Primary Care Settings.

Background: African-American men have an elevated risk of developing and dying from prostate cancer. Shared decision-making (SDM) about prostate cancer screening is recommended but does not always occur. Methods: We pilot-tested an online decision aid (DA) in primary care settings using a pre/postevaluation design among African-American men ages 45 to 70 years. Men completed surveys before and after using the DA, which had interactive segments (e.g., values clarification) and provided individualized assessment of prostate cancer risk. Primary outcomes included prostate cancer knowledge, confidence in ability to make informed decisions, decisional conflict, and satisfaction with the decision. Immediately after the clinical visit, patients reported the degree to which they were engaged by their provider in SDM. Results: Among this sample of men (n = 49), use of the DA was associated with increased knowledge about prostate cancer [mean = 55.3% vs. 71.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 9.8–22.1; P Conclusions: The DA improved men9s knowledge, reduced decisional conflict, and promoted the perception of being prepared for SDM. Impact: Findings suggest that use of an online DA to improve SDM outcomes warrants further testing in a future trial.
Comparing Paper and Tablet Modalities of Math Assessment for Multiplication and Addition

Curriculum-based measurement (CBM) tools are increasingly administered through technology-based modalities such as computers and tablets. Two studies were conducted to examine whether students perf...
Generating Business Intelligence Through Social Media Analytics: Measuring Brand Personality with Consumer-, Employee-, and Firm-Generated Content

Social media platforms have provided an enormous repository of textual data, which has brought about a grand opportunity in social media analytics, wherein valuable information can be extracted from content generated by users as well as firms. While research has shown the explicit value of social media in terms of its networking and campaign value, a growing literature is focused on extracting implicit valuable information embedded in the textual data. We showcase that firms can extract business value from social media data with an important business application in measuring brand personality. Specifically, we develop a text analytics framework that integrates different sources of social media data (consumer-generated content, employee-generated content, and firm-generated content) to measure brand personality. Based on Elastic-Net regression analysis of a large corpus of social media data, including self-descriptions of 1,996,214 consumers who followed the sample of brands, 312,400 employee reviews of the brands’ firms, and 680,056 brand official tweets, combining 10,950 consumer survey responses, we develop a brand personality model that achieves prediction accuracy as high as 0.78. Second, we find that the profile of individuals who choose to associate with brands on social media is an important predictor of brand personality; this provides the first real-world evidence for the raison d'etre of research into the brand personality construct, namely a consumer identity-brand personality link. We also identify a link between an organization’s internal corporate environment and brand personality. We further illuminate the practical implication of our predictive model by building an information system that allows managers and analysts to explore and track personality of their own brands and their competitors’ brands.
Use a Shoehorn or Design a Better Shoe: Co-Design of a University Repository

Faculty members are offered a repository for storing work in digital formats but do not immediately see its value. The authors' research identifies a range of faculty needs for web-based services to support their research activities and academic roles. The authors discuss the dilemma of launching a digital repository when the faculty members' experience of their needs as a unified whole does not line up with the way the repository platform isolates a subset of those needs and attempts to address them separately.
Economic reasoning and artificial intelligence

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) strives to build rational agents capable of perceiving the world around them and taking actions to advance specified goals. Put another way, AI researchers aim to construct a synthetic homo economicus, the mythical perfectly rational agent of neoclassical economics. We review progress toward creating this new species of machine, machina economicus, and discuss some challenges in designing AIs that can reason effectively in economic contexts. Supposing that AI succeeds in this quest, or at least comes close enough that it is useful to think about AIs in rationalistic terms, we ask how to design the rules of interaction in multi-agent systems that come to represent an economy of AIs. Theories of normative design from economics may prove more relevant for artificial agents than human agents, with AIs that better respect idealized assumptions of rationality than people, interacting through novel rules and incentive systems quite distinct from those tailored for people.
Is There a Post-Graduation Earnings Penalty for Community College Transfer Students Who Eventually Receive Baccalaureate Degrees?

Recent evidence suggests that students are increasingly choosing community colleges as their point-of-entry to post-secondary education. An important question, therefore, is how community college attendance impacts a student's economic future. This study is one of the first to examine early labor market outcomes for Baccalaureate degree recipients who transferred from a community college relative to those who did not. Selectivity corrected results for a sample of students drawn from the Baccalaureate and Beyond survey suggest that substantial earnings penalties exist for most community college transfers relative to non-transfers and university transfers. The notable exception is for Black students who are predicted to receive higher wages if they transfer from community colleges.
A Group Theoretical Formalization of Contact Motion

The work reported in this paper applies group theory to characterize local surface contact among solids, and makes such a formalization computationally tractable. This paper serves three purposes: (1) to report a new treatment of contacting surfaces as oriented sets and to verify the consistency of their corresponding symmetry groups in a group theoretical formalization framework; (2) to give a concise summary of this group theoretical approach, from theory, to algorithms, to applications; (3) to pinpoint some unsolved problems and possible future directions.
Early mobility program in the neurocritical care unit- appropriateness of referral for physical therapy (P7.173)

OBJECTIVE: To assess correlation of mobility assessment between physicians and physical therapists (PT) in the neurocritical care (neuroICU) population BACKGROUND: Early rehabilitation in the medical ICU has been shown to improve patient outcomes. Patients with acute neurological deficits pose unique challenges in assessment of mobility. There are no validated tools for assessing appropriateness of patient referral for early mobility in this setting. DESIGN/METHODS: Perceived mobility status was reviewed during daily multidisciplinary huddle on every patient in our 21 bed neuroICU. Each patient was assigned a mobility level of 1-4 based on their neurological exam with Level 1 or 2 being most debilitated and targeted for nursing initiated mobility in bed or chair. More interactive patients were assigned Level 3 or 4 and mobilized by PT. Appropriateness of referral for PT was tested on 24 random patients by comparing Activity Measure for Post Acute Care (AMPAC) scores as assessed by PT on their first evaluation. RESULTS: An audit of assigned levels on 101 consecutive patients revealed 22.7 [percnt] Level 1, 16.8[percnt] Level 2, 48.51 [percnt] Level 3, 11.8 [percnt] Level 4. Sixty six percent of patients received recommended mobility and 22[percnt] received less mobility than recommended. Average AMPAC scores ranged from 6-24 (mean 13, n=24). Seventeen patients (70.8[percnt]) were deemed appropriate for ongoing mobility by PT (mean AM-PAC 13.59, range 8-21) compared to those deemed inappropriate for PT (mean AM-PAC 11.72, range 8-24). Forty seven percent of patients deemed appropriate for PT had mobility performed by nurses compared to 28[percnt] of the patients who were found to be inappropriate PT candidates. CONCLUSIONS: Early neuroICU rehabilitation requires a high level of communication and multidisciplinary collaboration. Education on a standardized method of mobility assessment is feasible and when combined with daily review of mobility goals may lead to more appropriate resource utilization. Disclosure: Dr. Bishop has nothing to disclose. Dr. McDaniel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Reeves has nothing to disclose. Dr. Crumpler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wolfe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Scott has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sarwal has nothing to disclose.
The control of walking in the scorpion

1. Ablation of one walking leg from the scorpion does not diminish its ability to walk in a relatively stable and constant fashion (Fig. 1). Removal of one of the fourth legs results in maximal disturbance. 2. Subsequent to ablation of one walking leg, the posterior-anterior stepping sequence for alternate leg pairs is not absolute as it is for intact scorpions (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). However, the 4231 order remains the dominant gait. 3. Ablation of either leg 1 (Fig. 2) or leg 4 results in minimal reorganization of the remaining ipsilateral appendages. 4. Ablation of an internal leg, leg 3 for example (Fig. 3), results in ipsilateral phase shifts so that leg 2 and leg 1 step relatively later in the leg 4 cycle (Fig. 4). Such ipsilateral reorganization is proposed to contribute to overall stability. 5. Dual ablation preparations walk as predicated by the single ablation experiments. An intact tetrapod can be maintained as a functional unit and be used reciprocally with the two other legs (Fig. 6). It was also observed that the promotion durations were consistently shorter in the dual ablation preparations than in the intact scorpions (Fig. 7).
A Guide to Corporate Risk Management

A number of theories have been proposed to explain why firms hedge. Unfortunately, these theories are hard to test: While we might observe the hedges, it is hard to answer the question of “why” hedging occurs. Our paper addresses the “why” by directly questioning the managers that make the risk management decisions. Our results present a fresh, inside view of corporate risk management. Rather than hedging being conducted solely by “firms”, our results suggest that personal risk aversion in combination with other executive traits plays a key role in whether a company hedges. As such, our results suggest an important deficiency in many modern theories of risk management which ignore the role of the individual manager. These presentation slides are based on our paper "A View Inside Corporate Risk Management". The research paper is available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2438884.
Development and Pilot Testing of the Cutaneous Lupus Screening Tool

Importance Patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) experience significant morbidity and poor quality of life. In the absence of a dermatologist’s examination, no reliable tool exists to confirm whether a patient has CLE for use in epidemiologic studies. Objective To determine whether the Cutaneous Lupus Screening (CLUSE) tool can detect cases of CLE by measuring its performance in individuals with dermatologist-diagnosed CLE compared with individuals without CLE. Design, Setting, and Participants The CLUSE tool is a novel, self-administered questionnaire with 15 closed-ended questions derived from the Delphi method. It includes features of disease validation for CLE as well as its most common phenotypes. This pilot study was administered during a 1-year period (July 1, 2011, to June 30, 2012) in outpatient dermatology clinics at an academic medical center. Data analysis was performed July 1, 2012, to November 30, 2013. Participants were individuals 18 years or older who had a definitive diagnosis of CLE or any other non-CLE dermatologic condition as established by a board-certified dermatologist. Eligible patients were recruited consecutively, and no individual approached declined to participate. Main Outcomes and Measures Sensitivity and specificity of the individual questions from the CLUSE tool in predicting CLE, comparisons between summary scores for the dichotomous questions between the CLE cases and non-CLE controls, and 9 scoring algorithms that assign a diagnosis of CLE and its subtypes depending on an individual’s response to each question. Results A total of 133 patients were given the CLUSE tool; 16 participants were excluded. Responses from 117 individuals were collected for analysis and included 24 CLE cases and 93 non-CLE cases. In the 117 questionnaires analyzed, mean (SD) and median (interquartile range) CLUSE scores differed in the CLE (5.6 [2.1] and 5.5 [3-10], respectively) vs non-CLE (0.96 [1.6] and 0 [0-7], respectively) groups (allP Conclusions and Relevance A combination of questions and representative photographs can ascertain cases of CLE with high sensitivity and specificity. The CLUSE tool is a brief, self-administered questionnaire with low respondent burden used for the identification of CLE. In the future, this questionnaire will be administered to large, established patient databases to gather epidemiologic data on this disease.
Solutions of the stream power equation and application to the evolution of river longitudinal profiles

[1] Erosion by bedrock river channels is commonly modeled with the stream power equation. We present a two-part approach to solving this nonlinear equation analytically and explore the implications for evolving river profiles. First, a method for non-dimensionalizing the stream power equation transforms river profiles in steady state with respect to uniform uplift into a straight line in dimensionless distance-elevation space. Second, a method that tracks the upstream migration of slope patches, which are mathematical entities that carry information about downstream river states, provides a basis for constructing analytical solutions. Slope patch analysis explains why the transient morphology of dimensionless river profiles differs fundamentally if the exponent on channel slope, n, is less than or greater than one and why only concave-up migrating knickpoints persist when n 1. At migrating knickpoints, slope patches and the information they carry are lost, a phenomenon that fundamentally limits the potential for reconstructing tectonic histories from bedrock river profiles. Stationary knickpoints, which can arise from spatially varying uplift rates, differ from migrating knickpoints in that slope patches and the information they carry are not lost. Counterparts to migrating knickpoints, called “stretch zones,” are created when closely spaced slope patches spread to form smooth curves in distance-elevation space. These theoretical results are illustrated with examples from the California King Range and the Central Apennines.
Three-dimensional localization of polymer nanoparticles in cells using ToF-SIMS

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) three-dimensional (3D) depth profiling and a novel background subtraction method were used to localize polymeric nanoparticles within cells. Results showed that ToF-SIMS 3D depth profiling is capable of localizing polymer nanoparticles within HeLa cells. ToF-SIMS results compared well with optical images of cells incubated with fluorescently labeled polymer nanoparticles, with both imaging techniques demonstrating clustering of nanoparticles in punctate regions consistent with endosomal localization as anticipated based on the nanoparticle design.
On quality control standards to evaluate microarray studies

We describe an effort to establish parameter thresholds for evaluation of gene expression data by imagining a multidimensional definition of quality that is subsequently used to assess classification errors associated with simple models of spot quality. Methods are dominated by K -means clustering and logistic regression. Results suggest that a consistent and objective definition of quality can be found, and statistical models of spot quality can be efficient and useful.
Some Aspects of the Verb System in the Language of Deaf Students

Approximately 480 deaf students (age 10 to 19 years) and 60 hearing students (age eight to 10 years) were asked to judge the grammaticality of sentences containing auxiliary verbs, of sentences whe...
GABA-immunoreactive profiles provide synaptic input to the soma, axon hillock, and axon initial segment of ganglion cells in primate retina.

GABA-immunoreactive displaced amacrines were previously shown to make synapses onto neuronal profiles in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of macaque monkey retina [ Koontz, Hendrickson and Ryan (1989) Visual Neuroscience, 2, 19–25]. These postsynaptic elements have been investigated further using postembedding immunogold methods for electron microscopy. This paper provides ultrastructural evidence that GABA-immunoreactive profiles are presynaptic to the ganglion cell soma, axon hillock, and axon initial segment in the GCL and its border with the nerve fiber layer (NFL). Some axonal profiles have a dense undercoat and fasciculated microtubules, features that are characteristic of the axon initial segment in many neurons of both central and peripheral nervous systems. These features are confined to small- and medium-diameter (0.2–0.6 μm) axon profiles located near the GCL/NFL border and are not found on axonal profiles lying deep in the NFL, suggesting that the dense-coated region does not extend far along the axon and that the dense-coated region may be narrower than the distal part of the axon. The dense-coated region may correspond to the ganglion cell “narrow segment” recently described in a variety of species using light microscopic methods. The results presented here strengthen our previous hypothesis that GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the GCL provide direct synaptic input to ganglion cells near the site of action potential initiation.
Mammoths in the insular Nearctic? Some constraints on the existence of a Pleistocene megafaunal refugium in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Abstract Mammoth fossils recovered on Banks and Melville Islands in the western part of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago have been used as a basis for inferring that these islands functioned as a Late Pleistocene refugium. However, only two fossils have actually been found in these locations, and both date to the period immediately before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). This paper presents a series of paleontological, chronometric, climatic, biogeographical, and glaciological constraints on scenarios that seek to explain how mammoths (or their fossils) managed to reach the western archipelago. In combination, the constraint set strongly contradicts the recent argument that living elephants dispersed to Banks and Melville by walking across the exposed seafloors of Amundsen Gulf and M’Clure Strait. Swimming cannot be discounted, although in such a scenario colonization would have most likely taken place during a warm period (Sangamonian or one of the major Wisconsinan interstadials), when interisland channels would have presumably been ice-free during the summer. But in that case elephants should have been present on the islands well before the LGM—and consequently there should be more fossil evidence establishing their presence. Alternatively, the mammoth fossils may have been deposited by ice-rafting, long after the deaths of the animals themselves. But in that case there should be many more examples of ice-rafted megafaunal fossils on Arctic islands. Ultimately, the scantiness of the evidence precludes making a decision about how or whether living mammoths reached the islands; the only solution lies in more extensive collecting in the High Arctic.
On the geometric convergence of optimized Schwarz methods with applications to elliptic problems

The Schwarz method can be used for the iterative solution of elliptic boundary value problems on a large domain Ω. One subdivides Ω into smaller, more manageable, subdomains and solves the differential equation in these subdomains using appropriate boundary conditions. Optimized Schwarz Methods use Robin conditions on the artificial interfaces for information exchange at each iteration, and for which one can optimize the Robin parameters. While the convergence theory of classical Schwarz methods (with Dirichlet conditions on the artificial interface) is well understood, the overlapping Optimized Schwarz Methods still lack a complete theory. In this paper, an abstract Hilbert space version of the Optimized Schwarz Method (OSM) is presented, together with an analysis of conditions for its geometric convergence. It is also shown that if the overlap is relatively uniform, these convergence conditions are met for Optimized Schwarz Methods for two-dimensional elliptic problems, for any positive Robin parameter. In the discrete setting, we obtain that the convergence factor ρ(h) varies like a polylogarithm of h. Numerical experiments show that the methods work well and that the convergence factor does not appear to depend on h.
Audience and Level of Esteem as Determinants of Risk Taking

The effects of situationally induced self-esteem and the presence of an audience on risk preference were assessed. Fifty- four subjects manipulated for either high- or low-self-esteem performed alone, in the presence of a familiar audience, or in the presence of an unfamiliar audience. A significant Audience X Level of Esteem interaction was obtained. Low-esteem subjects relative to high-esteem subjects took significantly greater risk when per forming alone than when in front of an audience. The study provides conceptual support for other research concerning the effects of self-esteem on risk taking.
Perception of Affordances for Walking Under a Barrier From Proximal and Distal Points of Observation

We investigated perception of affordances for a given behavior from points of observation other than that from which the behavior is to be performed. Participants viewed a horizontal barrier from different points of observation and reported whether they would be able to walk under that barrier. In Experiment 1, they viewed the barrier both while standing on the floor and while sitting on the floor. In Experiment 2, they viewed the barrier both while standing on the floor and while standing on a step stool. The results show that although perception of this affordance is body-scaled regardless of point of observation, there are subtle differences in the perceptual boundaries in each case. Such differences are likely due to differential attunement to the information specifying the affordance at each point of observation.