cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Daytime titers of testosterone, LH, estrone, estradiol, and testosterone-binding protein: acute effects of LH and LH-releasing hormone in men.

Four normal 18−20 yr-old men were studied on 3 occasions, from 0830 h to 1500 h. The baseline for each study consisted of 3 or 4 measurements of the respective hormone obtained between 0830 and 0900 h. In the control studies mean testosterone (T) fell by 43% (P < 0.01) during the final 30 min. The fall was gradual throughout the day and was significant by 1100 h (P < 0.05). Administration of LH and LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) at 0900 h resulted in 9-fold (5 min) and 3-fold (30 min) higher concentrations of LH respectively. LH declined more slowly after LHRH. Titers of T rose to the 0830−0900 h mean 130 min after LH but were never significandy elevated; the occurrence of a significant drop in mean T was delayed for 70 min. After LHRH there was a non-significant 24% increase of the mean T followed by a slow decline; however, T did not fall significantly below the mean baseline level. In contrast, in 2 of the 4 subjects LHRH resulted in rises in T levels (P < 0.05) above the basal titers. Testosterone–bindin...
Coordinate stabilization of growth-regulatory transcripts in T cell malignancies

We used microarray technology to compare mRNA decay rates of approximately 7000 transcripts in normal purified human T lymphocytes or the malignant T cell lines Jurkat and H9 following transcriptional arrest with actinomycin D. We found that over 2000 transcripts were expressed at abnormal levels in malignant T cells, including approximately 100 transcripts that were overexpressed and exhibited abnormally stable mRNA. Seventeen transcripts that encoded components of the ubiquitin–proteasome system were coordinately overexpressed and stabilized in both malignant cell lines. This pathway plays an important role in regulating cell growth and the development of malignancy. Numerous additional transcripts that encode proteins involved in growth regulation, damage repair and stress responses, posttranscriptional gene expression, and mitochondrial metabolism were also coordinately up-regulated and stabilized. Overall, our results suggest that abnormal mRNA stabilization in malignancy can lead to the overexpression of growth-regulatory genes and contribute to the malignant phenotype.
2/sup n/ prime-sequence codes and their optical CDMA coding architecture

A special class of 2/sup n/ codes, derived from the well-known prime-sequence codes, for optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) is constructed. A hybrid coding architecture, comprising a modified programmable "prime" encoder and "2/sup n/" decoder, is specially designed for these 2/sup n/ prime-sequence codes. This architecture is particularly suitable for waveguide implementation for the future high capacity optical CDMA networks, with potentially 3 dB ideal power loss.
Type- and Subcomplex-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies against Domain III of Dengue Virus Type 2 Envelope Protein Recognize Adjacent Epitopes

Neutralization of flaviviruses in vivo correlates with the development of an antibody response against the viral envelope (E) protein. Previous studies demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against an epitope on the lateral ridge of domain III (DIII) of the West Nile virus (WNV) E protein strongly protect against infection in animals. Based on X-ray crystallography and sequence analysis, an analogous type-specific neutralizing epitope for individual serotypes of the related flavivirus dengue virus (DENV) was hypothesized. Using yeast surface display of DIII variants, we defined contact residues of a panel of type-specific, subcomplex-specific, and cross-reactive MAbs that recognize DIII of DENV type 2 (DENV-2) and have different neutralizing potentials. Type-specific MAbs with neutralizing activity against DENV-2 localized to a sequence-unique epitope on the lateral ridge of DIII, centered at the FG loop near residues E383 and P384, analogous in position to that observed with WNV-specific strongly neutralizing MAbs. Subcomplex-specific MAbs that bound some but not all DENV serotypes and neutralized DENV-2 infection recognized an adjacent epitope centered on the connecting A strand of DIII at residues K305, K307, and K310. In contrast, several MAbs that had poor neutralizing activity against DENV-2 and cross-reacted with all DENV serotypes and other flaviviruses recognized an epitope with residues in the AB loop of DIII, a conserved region that is predicted to have limited accessibility on the mature virion. Overall, our experiments define adjacent and structurally distinct epitopes on DIII of DENV-2 which elicit type-specific, subcomplex-specific, and cross-reactive antibodies with different neutralizing potentials.
Mobile Agriculturalists and the Emergence of Sedentism: Perspectives from Northern Mexico

A truism in anthropology is that hunters and gatherers are mobile and agriculturalists are sedentary. Factors affecting residential mobility are examined using data from a Raramuri (Tarahumara) community of residentially mobile agriculturalists in northern Mexico who move among principal residences, growing-season residences associated with distant fields, winter locations, and a ceremonial center. This case indicates that the unilineal model from mobile hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture must be broadened and that economic factors alone do not totally determine settlement patterns. Explanatory models related to the causes of sedentism are considered.
Development of novel integrated bio/chemical sensor systems using chalcogenide glass materials

This paper reviews ongoing progress in the design and fabrication of new, on-chip, low loss planar molecular sensors. We report the details of device design, material selection and manufacturing processes used to realise high-index-contrast (HIC), compact micro-disk resonators. These structures have been fabricated in thermally evaporated As- and Ge-based chalcogenide glass films with PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) micro-fluidic channels using standard UV lithography. Discussed are findings that demonstrate that our novel chalcogenide-based micro-fluidic device can be used as highly sensitive refractive index sensors.
The pyramid and the wall: an unknown project of Le Corbusier in Venezuela

In 1951, Le Corbusier designed a funerary chapel in Caracas to honour the memory of Colonel Carlos Delgado-Chalbaud, the recently assassinated president of the Venezuelan military junta. This enigmatic project – unknown until now – provides an interesting insight into Le Corbusier's use of architectural references and their layers of symbolic meaning. Most documents have mysteriously disappeared, but the few remaining have allowed the project to be reconstructed rather accurately.
Mechanical and Failure Behavior of Composite Materials under Static and Dynamic Loading

Composite materials were characterized under quasi-static and dynamic loading and failure theories were developed/expanded to describe static and dynamic failure under multi-axial states of stress. The materials investigated were unidirectional glass fiber/vinylester, and carbon fiber/epoxy composites. Multi-axial static and dynamic experiments were conducted using off-axis specimens to produce stress states combining transverse normal and in-plane shear stresses. A Hopkinson bar apparatus was used for multi-axial characterization of the above materials at high strain rates. Quasi-static and dynamic failure envelopes were obtained by the various available failure theories including the recently introduced Northwestern (NU) theory and compared with experimental results. The NU theory was extended to the dynamic loading regime and was shown to be in excellent agreement with experimental results.
Conductometric studies of certain salts of penicillin

A one-tube balanced amplifier and rectifier for visually detecting the minimum signal of a typical Jones and Josephs conductance bridge is described. This circuit increases die maximum sensitivity of the bridge, but is under complete control of the operator who may select any degree of sensitivity desired. The apparatus described is suitable for work of high precision or for routine conductometric titrations. A technique is developed for conductometric investigation of solutions of salts of benzyl penicillin; the results show graphically the degree of ionization of the different salts studied.
Distribution of the Imperiled Williams' Crayfish (Orconectes williamsi) in the White River Drainage of Missouri: Associations with Multi-scale Environmental Variables

Abstract The imperiled crayfish Orconectes williamsi is found only in the upper White River drainage in Missouri and Arkansas, and is known from only nine localities in four Missouri counties. Its distribution has never been thoroughly assessed. Knowledge of distribution and habitat associations is essential to conservation and management of rare species. Our major objectives were to estimate the distribution of O. williamsi in Missouri streams and identify associations between this crayfish's presence and selected multi-scale environmental variables. We used a probabilistic method and stratified (by stream order) random design to survey 50 of 223 total stream segments in the drainage during 2002 and 2003. We sampled 21 additional segments postsurvey (2004 and 2005). This crayfish was detected at an overall rate of 0.34 (±0.12, 95% confidence interval), and at a total of 27 sites, but we failed to collect it at two historical sites. Many stream segments harboring O. williamsi were determined to be effecti...
Privatizing adoption and foster care: Applying auction and market solutions

Abstract Hard to adopt children remain in foster care for a long time and are often shifted from one temporary arrangement to another. In this paper, we present and evaluate the privatization of the administrative aspects of adoption and foster care in Kansas, Michigan, and Illinois. The Illinois model which permitted the most competition among private and public providers achieved the best results in increasing adoptions and eliminating inefficient providers. A national adoption market with ubiquitous information is recommended. Then, we apply a modern economic theory of auctions to the adoptive process. This will help solve the problem of children languishing in foster care and provide additional resources to assist adoption of hard to place children.
Self-Focused Attention and Self-Regulation

Over the last 20 years or so, research has shown that focusing attention inward on the self produces a diverse array of psychologically important effects. In our opinion, the theoretical and empirical advances toward the understanding of self-awareness processes constitute some of the most important contributions that social psychology has made to the understanding of the psychological functioning of the individual. Self-focus has been shown to lead to greater consistency between attitudes and behavior, greater conformity to both internal and external norms and standards, greater efforts in the pursuit of goals when the likelihood of attaining them is high and quicker withdrawal from such pursuits when the likelihood of attaining them is low, greater awareness of internal states and less susceptibility to placebo effects, increased ability to approach feared objects when self-efficacy is high and decreased ability to approach such objects when self-efficacy is low. In addition, self-focus has been shown to increase the intensity of affective states and the internality of causal attributions. Self-focus also appears to exaggerate the effects of various motivational states such as cognitive dissonance, reactance, and achievement motivation. Finally, self-focus has been shown to mediate such diverse forms of behavior as altruism, aggression, alcohol consumption, information seeking, memory, optimism, cheating, and lying. Of course the central point of this book is that self-focus also plays a central role in the development, maintenance, and exacerbation of depression.
Atmospheric Nonthermal Plasma-Treated PBS Inactivates Escherichia coli by Oxidative DNA Damage

We recently reported that phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) treated with nonthermal dielectric-barrier discharge plasma (plasma) acquires strong antimicrobial properties, but the mechanisms underlying bacterial inactivation were not known. The goal of this study is to understand the cellular responses of Escherichia coli and to investigate the properties of plasma-activated PBS. The plasma-activated PBS induces severe oxidative stress in E. coli cells and reactive-oxygen species scavengers, α-tocopherol and catalase, protect E. coli from cell death. Here we show that the response of E. coli to plasma-activated PBS is regulated by OxyR and SoxyRS regulons, and mediated predominantly through the expression of katG that deactivates plasma-generated oxidants. During compensation of E. coli in the absence of both katG and katE, sodA and sodB are significantly overexpressed in samples exposed to plasma-treated PBS. Microarray analysis found that up-regulation of genes involved in DNA repair, and E. coli expressing recA::lux fusion was extremely sensitive to the SOS response upon exposure to plasma-treated PBS. The cellular changes include rapid loss of E. coli membrane potential and membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation, accumulation of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguinosine (8OHdG), and severe oxidative DNA damage; reveal ultimate DNA disintegration, and cell death. Together, these data suggest that plasma-treated PBS contains hydrogen peroxide and superoxide like reactive species or/and their products which lead to oxidative changes to cell components, and are eventually responsible for cell death.
The Phoenix Rises Again: The Nondelegation Doctrine from Constitutional and Policy Perspectives

This day-long symposium explored the many dimensions and reemerging shape of delegation as we approach the 21st century. For example, in "Structures and Terms of Consent: 'Delegation,' 'Discretion,' 'Separation of Powers,' 'Representation,' 'Participation,' 'Accountability'?" Hans A. Linde, Retired Senior Judge of the Oregon Supreme Court and Distinguished Scholar in Residence at Willamette University College of Law, explored the variety of issues exposed when one expands the "delegation" question and its associated ideas from federal to state and local government. Multiple elected heads of executive offices (Attorney General and Public Utility Commissioner as well as Governor), the frequent conferring of power, in effect, on private bodies (a part-time Board of Barber Examiners, mostly if not entirely full time barbers), the important territories of managerial and spending policy all, if thought about, make consideration of the "delegation" idea considerably more complex. Taking as the core of that idea the broader agenda of defining tests of legitimate lawmaking with the consent of the governed, Prof./Judge Linde described six modest propositions as "starting points towards a more nuanced theory of delegated authority and its limits."
Reconstruction of high resolution image from noise undersampled frames

Motivation and Introduction. The results of the research reported here, though motivated from the need to sat is fac tor i ly process LANDSAT s a t e l l i t e pictures, are, however, applicable to imagery from any source which produces multiple images of the same scene in different wavelength bands or at di f ferent times and in di f ferent wavelength bands. The problem is to restore a high resolution image from a seouence of low-resolution, undersampled, d iscrete frames. The pictures taken usually do not coincide exactly. First, the displacement of each frame relat ive to an a rb i t r a r i l y chosen reference frame has to be measured. This is the problem of image registration. The images are sometimes degraded and noise is usually present. The modeling of the degrading phenomena is done from knowledge of the nature of imagery and the nature as well as type of noise present is usually inferred from the understanding of the various physical processes which combine to form the d ig i ta l image. The formation of a digital image requires several components: an il lumination source, a set of ref lect ing surfaces, a sensor and a quantizing sampler (A/D converter). Each of these can be a source of noise. The noise could be additive and in more complicated cases i t could also be mult ip l icat ive signal-dependent or of the replacement type. Therefore, following the task of image registration, i t is important to implement f i l t e r i ng on the registered image frames. Final ly, samples on a set of grids with high sampling rate are to be estimated in order to reconstruct the high resolution image. Tsai and Huang [1] recently considered the problem described above subject to the assumption that the low resolution frames have neither been corrupted by noise nor degraded by a blurring phenomenon. Let f(x,y) be a continuous object and fk(x,y), k-1,2, . . . ,p be a set of p spat ia l ly shifted versions of f ( x , y ) . Then, fk(x,y) = f(x + ~xk' y + ~yk ) (i)
Abstract A50: Targeting nanotherapeutics for breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer

African Americans have the highest incidence and mortality rates from cancer despite representing a minority of the population of the United States. In particular, breast and prostate cancer significantly contribute to these disproportionate rates in African American women and men respectively compared to other ethnic groups. We have developed a series of novel self-folding combinatorial libraries composed of cholic acid or cholesterol functional groups with single and branched hexamer peptide arms. Fixed hydrophobic amino acids near the N-terminus (position 5) of the peptide arms interact with the hydrophobic face of the planar cholic acid or cholesterol molecule to form 3-Dimensional compact molecules offering a variety of unique peptide sequence presentations. Receptors overexpressed on cancerous cells serve as the targets for these synthetic molecules. Screening of One-Bead One-Compound (OBOC) combinatorial libraries under stringent conditions provides a powerful approach to test hundreds of thousands to millions of compounds in one batch. Novel cholic-peptide hybrid molecules containing RGD motifs binding to vβ3 integrin were discovered against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer. An NGR motif known to target receptors up regulated in the tumor vasculature and perivascular cells were found in cholesterol-peptide protein conformation mimetics binding to A2780 chemo-resistant ovarian cancer. Targeting ligands to PC3N and LnCap prostate cancers from both cholesterol and cholic acid library sets were discovered. Based on these findings, focused libraries were constructed and screened for enhanced affinity and specificity. Candidate peptidomimetics are equipped on our novel cholic acid nanocarriers enhancing nanotherapeutic targeting, efficacy, and limiting toxicity. The reduced toxicity stemming from tumor targeting and increased efficacy from the combination of nanocarrier EPR effects and targeting ligands result in longer, more tolerable therapeutic cycles that might significantly extend the life expectancy and quality of life of breast and prostate cancer in patients, for which current treatment options are ineffective. Developing novel treatment strategies which include the selective delivery of cytotoxic agents for the treatment of cancers disproportionately afflicting minority populations may be translated for clinical development as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):A50.
Comparison of Methods for Extracting DNA from Formalin-Fixed Paraffin Sections for Nonisotopic PCR

DNA was extracted from unstained 5-microns sections of neutral buffered 10% formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue by proteinase K digestion without detergents followed by boiling, proteinase K digestion with ionic detergents with and without phenol chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation, sonication with proteinase K followed by boiling, or boiling alone. Serial 1:10 dilutions of the extracted DNA were subject to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a 255-bp portion of the p53 gene. Digestion with proteinase K without ionic detergents followed by boiling (without phenol chloroform extraction) gave the best yield, enabling visualization of ethidium bromide-stained PCR product from a DNA dilution corresponding to 0.1 mm2 of tissue containing of the order of 10(3) nuclear profiles. Proteinase K digestion with detergents followed by phenol-chloroform extraction was no more effective than simple boiling. Although the success of PCR from preserved tissue will vary with the fixative and size of the amplified fragment, DNA extracted with this optimized method can be used for identification of viruses, loss of heterozygosity, and immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in paraffin-embedded tissue without radioisotopes.
Lipidoid Tail Structure Strongly Influences siRNA Delivery Activity

RNA interference therapeutics have been limited, in large part, by the lack of efficient, non-toxic, non-immunogenic delivery systems. Among previously established methods, lipidoid nanoparticles (LNPs) show particular promise in delivering siRNA to diverse cell and organ targets in vitro and in vivo. However, a better understanding of structure–function relationships is needed to facilitate broad translation to clinical applications. Here, we demonstrate the critical role of tail chemistry in conferring delivery efficacy to lipidoid molecules with three or four aliphatic tails. Tail length and structure significantly affected siRNA transfection in HeLa cells, with methacrylate (vs. acrylate) tails and tails containing ethers causing reductions in efficacy. Notably, we report a novel tail precursor, isodecyl acrylate, that conveyed marked siRNA delivery ability in vitro and in vivo. LNPs with isodecyl acrylate lipidoids uniformly induced greater than 90% gene silencing, both in vitro and in mice (hepatocytes), at 40 nM and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, we found that tail chemistry significantly influenced the surface pKa values of formulated LNPs, with tails that conferred higher pKa facilitating higher levels of gene knockdown. Together, these data underscore the importance of lipidoid tail structure and provide guidance for the development of next generation lipid nanoparticle siRNA delivery systems.
Tests and evaluation of polymers for hybrid assembly

Storage life of epoxy adhesives is a valuable tool to determine its stability in air; however, 1000 hours storage at 150°C is insufficient for complete evaluation of materials. It is suggested that 2000 hours minimum temperature storage should be adopted for evaluation of epoxies for hybrid microelectronic use.
A Novel Way of Treating Multidrug-resistant Enterococci.

Context: Daptomycin is the only antibiotic available with in vitro bactericidal activity against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Its increased use has resulted in cases of decreased daptomycin efficacy. Recent in vitro studies have shown effective use of beta (β)-lactam and daptomycin antibiotics, as a combination therapy, in the treatment of VRE. We describe a case of effective treatment in a patient with VRE infection using dual ampicillin and daptomycin therapy that shows bench-to-bedside application of the abovementioned finding. Case Report: A 76-year-old gentleman with a history of bilateral arthroplasty was admitted with a swollen left knee. Blood cultures were positive for Enterococcus faecium. Left knee joint aspiration showed leukocytosis and alpha defensins. Extensive imaging did not show any other source of infection. Culture sensitivity results showed multidrug-resistant enterococci sensitive to daptomycin. The patient was started on intravenous (IV) daptomycin. His left knee prosthesis was explanted and a spacer was placed. The patient continued to be bacteremic for 10 days after removing the knee prosthesis. The patient was trialed on combination IV ampicillin and daptomycin. His blood culture turned negative 2 days later. The patient was discharged home to continue 6 weeks of IV ampicillin and daptomycin. Conclusion: The exact mechanism of the daptomycin/ampicillin synergy effect is unclear. Current hypothesis suggests that ampicillin causes a reduction in the net positive charge of the bacterial surface, possibly by releasing lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from the cell wall. This process increases the ability of the cationic daptomycin/calcium complex to bind to the cell wall more effectively. Our case shows the clinical application of the same. A prospective randomized control trial to explore the effectiveness of dual antibiotic therapy in vivo is needed. If proven, daptomycin/β-lactam can become a standard of care to treat VRE and decrease daptomycin nonsusceptibility.
Dictatorship and Civil Society: Explaining the Roots of a New Associational Milieu

This chapter explores the important question of why and how the space for a more diverse and pluralist associational milieu opened from the early 1960s, within the parameters of a long-standing dictatorial regime that was undergoing a significant evolution. It argues that this space emerged at the juncture between elite decisions taken by regime policy makers, structural conditions, particularly the unintended effects of economic development, and the social and cultural resources, or social capital, available to potential associations at the grass-roots level. The result, in classic social movement theory, was a favorable opportunity structure for the emergence of certain types of civic associations. The implications of this complex gestation model go beyond this specific case to the heart of debates about the origins of democratic transitions. What it suggests is that the “revival of civil society” under a dictatorship requires the presence of multiple intersecting conditions. Thus, state and society, politics and culture, transformation and continuity had to re-align in particular ways to create the enabling conditions for such a revival.
Examination of the Evidence Base for Using Visual Activity Schedules With Students With Intellectual Disability

We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature to establish the evidence base for using visual activity schedules (VAS) with individuals with intellectual disability. Literature published after 2005 was evaluated for quality using the criteria developed by Horner et al.; a total of 14 studies were included as acceptable. Findings suggest that VAS is an evidence-based practice for teaching a variety of daily living, navigation, vocational, recreation, and academic skills to adolescents and adults with intellectual disability. Results also show increases in independence and on-task behaviors. We conclude the article by discussing limitations and recommendations for future research.
Dual-Responsive Hydrogels for Direct-Write 3D Printing

Direct-write 3D printing enables the fabrication of three-dimensional objects via the extrusion from a nozzle. Stimuli responsive materials that shear-thin are well-suited as inks for these 3D printing systems. Poly(isopropyl glycidyl ether)-block-poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(isopropyl glycidyl ether) ABA triblock copolymers were synthesized using controlled ring-opening polymerization to afford dual stimuli-responsive polymers that respond to both shear forces and temperature. These polymers were demonstrated to form hydrogels in water. The gels were observed to be thermoreversible—driven by the lower critical solution temperature of the poly(isopropyl glycidyl ether) block which helps facilitate loading of the ink into the printer syringe. Rheological studies demonstrated that the gels had a rapid and reversible modulus response to shear stress. Thus, these materials were suitable as inks for direct-write 3D printing, as they were easily extruded during printing and maintained sufficient mechanical i...
The Deposition Of Particles and Gases to Ice Sheets

The glacial record has proven to be a most valuable source of information about climate change, major geologic events, and variations in global cycling of chemical species (Barnola et al., 1987; Dansgaard et al., 1989; Mayewski et al., 1990; Taylor et al., 1993). This information has been obtained by noting variations in chemical concentrations and in ice properties with depth in ice sheets worldwide (Delmas and Legrand, 1989). Virtually all of the chemical constituents found in the world’s glaciers, aside from those near bedrock, originally came from the atmosphere. Yet published studies of ice core data have seldom incorporated information about the atmosphere or air-to-snow transfer into their interpretations.
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Regulates Hematopooetic Repopulation Through the Ryk Receptor

Abstract 852 Proper regulation of the balance between quiescence and proliferation is implicated in long-term maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. Our lab has demonstrated that Wnt5a, a member of the Wnt family of ligands, induces HSC quiescence in vitro and enhances short and long-term hematopoietic repopulation (Nemeth, et al. 2007). To determine the mechanisms of Wnt5a signaling in HSCs we sought to identify potential Wnt5a receptors. The Ryk gene encodes a non-canonical Wnt receptor in lineage-negative, Sca-1+, c-kit+ (LSK) cells. Previous research using neural crest cells identified Ryk as a receptor for Wnt5a. We hypothesized that the ability of Wnt5a to enhance HSC quiescence and hematopoietic repopulation required the Ryk receptor. To test this hypothesis, we cultured C57BL/6 LSK cells in serum-free media with 25ng/ml SCF and Flt3, 250ng/ml recombinant Wnt5a (rWnt5a), and 1.0 μg/ml anti-Ryk neutralizing antibody (α-Ryk) for four days. We observed that compared to control treatment, rWnt5a significantly inhibited cellular expansion (control: 5.9 ± 0.1-fold; rWnt5a: 3.1 ± 0.3-fold; n = 4, p 4 cells along with 5 × 10 5 whole bone marrow cells from Ubc- GFP transgenic mice (C57BL/6 background) into lethally irradiated B6.SJL mice. At 4 and 16 weeks, we measured the contribution of cultured LSK cells to hematopoietic repopulation by determining the percentage of peripheral blood cells that were CD45.2+, GFP-. rWnt5a increased the contribution of cultured LSK cells to hematopoietic repopulation after 4 weeks (control: 5.3 ± 1.4%, n = 8, rWnt5a: 19.5 ± 7.1%, n = 6, p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Retrospective Review of Acute Renal Colic Management in the Emergency Department and Review of Guidelines

AbstractIntroduction: The influence of multispecialty guidelines on practice patterns in the emergency department is unknown. We documented practice patterns in our emergency department among patients presenting with acute renal colic.Methods: We identified practice patterns in the treatment of nephrolithiasis in our emergency department via a retrospective chart review of 469 patients from 2013 to 2015. We compared practice patterns to available guidelines over the domains of 1) diagnostic and imaging studies, 2) medications and 3) referral to urology.Results: There was a slight preference toward noncontrast computerized tomography (29%) as a single modality imaging study compared to renal ultrasound (26%). Overall 74% of renal ultrasounds were completed at bedside by emergency department physicians. Alpha blockers were used for medical expulsive therapy in 47% of patients. However, 133 patients with ureteral stones did not receive medical expulsive therapy. Only 34% of the total cohort received a urolog...
Testing the “Boundaries” of Boundary Extension: Anticipatory Scene Representation Across Development and Disorder

Recent studies have suggested that Boundary Extension (BE), a scene construction error, may be linked to the function of the hippocampus. In this study, we tested BE in two groups with variations in hippocampal development and disorder: a typically developing sample ranging from preschool to adolescence and individuals with Down syndrome. We assessed BE across three different test modalities: drawing, visual recognition, and a 3D scene boundary reconstruction task. Despite confirmed fluctuations in memory function measured through a neuropsychological assessment, the results showed consistent BE in all groups across test modalities, confirming the near universal nature of BE. These results indicate that BE is an essential function driven by a complex set of processes, that occur even in the face of delayed memory development and hippocampal dysfunction in special populations.
Polarizing Cytokines for Human Th9 Cell Differentiation

CD4+ T helper (Th) cell subset generation in vivo requires T cell receptor activation and surface CD28 co-stimulation in the presence of one or more cytokines. Similarly, Th cells can be generated in vitro by activating naive CD4+CD25- T cells with plate bound-anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (pbCD3) and soluble-anti-CD28 mAb (sCD28) in the presence of polarizing recombinant (r) cytokines and anti-cytokine mAbs. In comparison to in vitro CD4+CD25- T cells, memory CD4+CD25-CD45RO+ T cells have been shown to convert to Th9 cells more efficiently. Here, protocol for in vitro generation of human Th9 cells by activating CD4+CD25-CD45RO+ memory T cells with pbCD3 and sCD28 in the presence of polarizing recombinant interleukin-4 (rIL-4) and transforming growth factor (rTGF-β) is described.
Causal inference framework for generalizable safety effect estimates

Abstract This study integrates a causal inference framework to the Empirical Bayes (EB) before-after method to develop generalizable safety effect estimates (i.e., crash modification factor (CMF)). The method considers approaches to estimate the average treatment effect for the treated (ATT), average treatment effect for the untreated (ATU), and average treatment effect (ATE). The current EB method is shown to estimate ATT while ATE is what is typically desired in traffic safety research. Modifications to the current EB method to estimate ATU and ATE are provided. The method is then applied to a dataset with a “no-treatment” scenario where the treatments were: 1) randomly selected and 2) selected based on crash history. Given the “no-treatment” outcome, it is known that the CMFs should have a value of 1 in order to be considered accurate. The standard negative binomial and mixed effects negative binomial regression models were applied in the analysis. It was found that, of the two regression methods, the ATE CMFs developed using the standard negative binomial were the most accurate. Finally, potential sources of bias in the EB method are discussed.
Jets in Crossflow — Simultaneous PIV/PLIF measurements

Simultaneous planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) yield measurements of two-dimensional jet fluid concentration and velocity fields in turbulent crossflowing jets. The jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio is r = 5.7 and the jet exit Reynolds number is roughly 5000. Two flow configurations are studied, one in which the jet nozzle is flush with the tunnel wall and the other where the nozzle protrudes into the uniform region of the tunnel flow. The averaged scalar and velocity fields show a strong similarity in growth rates and centerline decay rates between the two configurations when using the centerline coordinate s. A possible approach to wake scaling is seen in the velocity fields, but is not evident in the scalar fields. Results are presented for the scalar flux components and the turbulent shear stress, as examples of the fluctuation quantities accessible by the present data.
Clinical outcomes after local field conformal reirradiation of patients with retropharyngeal nodal metastasis.

Background The purpose of this study was to present our experience with retropharyngeal node reirradiation using highly conformal radiotherapy (RT). Methods A retrospective screen of 2504 consecutively irradiated patients with head and neck malignancies between 2005 and 2015 identified 19 patients who underwent reirradiation for retropharyngeal node metastasis. Clinical and toxicity outcomes were assessed in these patients. Results Thirteen patients (68%) had squamous cell carcinoma. Eleven patients (58%) received conventionally fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or proton therapy, and 8 patients (42%) received single-fractionated or hypofractionated stereotactic RT. Fourteen patients (74%) received chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 14.7 months. The 1-year local control, locoregional control, overall survival, and progression-free survival rates were 100%, 94%, 92%, and 92%, respectively. Three patients (16%) experienced acute grade 3 toxicity and occurred in those treated with IMRT. There was no late grade ≥3 toxicity. Conclusion Retropharyngeal node reirradiation with conformal therapy is well tolerated and associated with excellent short-term disease control.
Auxetic materials in design and architecture

Auxetic materials deform in an unusual way when stretched or compressed; they are flexible and adaptable, and, if made from responsive materials, can react to their environment. The opportunities they offer for innovative applications in fashion, design and architecture are just starting to be explored. Auxetic materials deform in an unusual way when stretched or compressed; they are flexible and adaptable, and, if made from responsive materials, can react to their environment. This Comment explores the opportunities they offer for innovative applications in fashion, design and architecture.
Magnetic Resonance in Ion-Radical Organic Solids

The remarkable physical properties of ion-radical molecular solids have opened up a new area of solid-state chemistry and physics. The synthetic problem is to stabilize open-shell and mixed-valent molecular arrays while suppressing the recombination of adjacent radicals. Recent chemical studies emphasize mixed-valent systems based on π-molecular cation and anion radicals, on transition-metal complexes, on macrocyclic ligands, and on doped polymers. The subsequent characterization of conducting, semiconducting, or paramagnetic molecular solids draws on a bewildering array of conventional and novel techniques, including electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) results discussed in this review. The problem is to determine, in the solid state, the delocalization, interactions, or relaxation of unpaired electronic moments. Solid-state models for ion-radical solids are still fragmentary but have been successfully applied in specific cases. Magnetic resonance methods have been notably useful in delineating the proper starting point for physical models.
Gold nanorods or nanospheres? Role of particle shape on tuning the shape memory effect of semicrystalline poly(ε-caprolactone) networks

In this study, modified poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) tri-block copolymers were successfully synthesized through ring opening polymerization. The nanocomposite films containing either colloidal gold nanorods (AuNRs) or gold nanospheres (AuNSs) in the polymer matrix were fabricated without chemical modification to realize light-responsive shape memory behaviors. The localized surface plasmon resonance of AuNPs was utilized by irradiating the selective wavelength of light to create a photothermal effect. The polymer microstructures were investigated by NMR, and the thermal properties of the polymer networks were studied by TGA and DSC. The addition of AuNPs did not change the melting temperature, (Tm) of the SMP. The AuNRs were fairly well dispersed within the PCL matrix as observed using SEM-EDAX analysis and as indicated from the uniform shape memory transitions of the SMP/AuNR nanocomposites. The shape memory behavior was quantitatively analyzed by cyclic thermomechanical tests using DMA. The laser-triggered shape memory properties of the nanocomposites were analyzed and the shape recovery process from a rectangular shaped film to a helical coil was demonstrated. The speed of SMP recovery was found to be dependent on the geometry and concentration of the AuNPs in the nanocomposite, as well as on the laser wavelength and intensity.
The prevalence of olfactory- versus visual-signal encounter by searching bumblebees.

While the phrase ‘foraging bumblebee’ brings to mind a bumbling bee flying flower to flower in a sunny meadow, foraging is a complicated series of behaviors such as: locating a floral patch; selecting a flower-type; learning handling skills for pollen and nectar extraction; determining when to move-on from a patch; learning within-patch paths (traplining); and learning efficient hive-to-patch routes (spatial navigation). Thus the term ‘forager’ encompasses multiple distinct behaviors that rely on different sensory modalities. Despite a robust literature on bumblebee foraging behavior, few studies are directly relevant to sensory-guided search; i.e. how workers locate novel patches. The first step in answering this question is to determine what sensory information is available to searching bumblebees. This manuscript presents a computational model that elucidates the relative frequency of visual and olfactory cues that are available to workers searching for floral resources under a range of ecologically relevant scenarios. Model results indicate that odor is the most common sensory cue encountered during search flights. When the likelihood of odor-plume contact is higher, odor-encounter is ubiquitous. While integrative (visual + olfactory) cues are common when foragers are searching for larger flowers (e.g. Echinacea), they become rare when foragers are searching for small flowers (e.g. Penstemon). Visual cues are only encountered in isolation when foragers are seeking large flowers with a low odor-plume contact probability. These results indicate that despite the multisensory nature of floral signals, different modalities may be encountered in isolation during search-behavior, as opposed to the reliably multimodal signals encountered during patch-exploitation or nectar/ pollen acquisition.
On Being a Mentor: A Guide for Higher Education Faculty, Second Edition

On Being a Mentor is the definitive guide to the art and science of engaging students and faculty in effective mentoring relationships in all academic disciplines. Written with pithy clarity and rooted in the latest research on developmental relationships in higher educational settings, this essential primer reviews the strategies, guidelines, and best practices for those who want to excel as mentors. Evidence-based advice on the rules of engagement for mentoring, mentor functions, qualities of good mentors, and methods for forming and managing these relationships are provided. Summaries of mentorship relationship phases and guidance for adhering to ethical principles are reviewed along with guidance about mentoring specific populations and those who differ from the mentor in terms of sex and race. Advice about managing problem mentorships, selecting and training mentors, and measuring mentorship outcomes and recommendations for department chairs and deans on how to foster a culture of excellent mentoring in an academic community is provided. Chalk full of illustrative case-vignettes, this book is the ideal training tool for mentoring workshops. Highlights of the new edition include: Introduces a new model for conceptualizing mentoring relationships in the context of the various relationships professors typically develop with students and faculty (ch. 2). Provides guidance for creating a successful mentoring culture and structure within a department or institution (ch. 16). Now includes questions for reflection and discussion and recommended readings at the end of each chapter for those who wish to delve deeper into the content. Best Practices sections highlight the key takeaway messages. The latest research on mentoring in higher education throughout. Part I introduces mentoring in academia and distinguishes mentoring from other types of relationships. The nuts and bolts of good mentoring from the qualities of those who succeed as mentors to the common behaviors of outstanding mentors are the focus of Part II. Guidance in establishing mentorships with students and faculty, the common phases of mentorship, and the ethical principles governing the mentoring enterprise is also provided. Part III addresses the unique issues and answers to successfully mentoring undergraduates, graduate students, and junior faculty members and considers skills required of faculty who mentor across gender and race. Part IV addresses management of dysfunctional mentorships and the documentation of mentorship outcomes. The book concludes with a chapter designed to encourage academic leaders to make high quality mentorship a salient part of the culture in their institutions. Ideal for faculty or career development seminars and teaching and learning centers in colleges and universities, this practical primer is appreciated by professors, department chairs, deans, and graduate students in colleges, universities, and professional schools in all academic fields including the social and behavioral sciences, education, natural sciences, humanities, and business, legal, and medical schools.
A-T. Tymieniecka’s Challenges: From a Spiritual Wasteland to Transcendence

Tymieniecka’s intuitions are cosmic and timeless in scope. If this makes her appear a visionary, it is because she is inspired by a substantive imagination which enables her to see beyond the wall of rationalism and chauvinistic attitudes, a fallacy of perception dramatically exposed in Plato’s Allegory of the Cave. Her perceptions of meaning come like shooting stars in flashes of insight, and the inner light that radiates in her comes to life in her poetic language.
Lifespan Perspectives on Learning and Training

Abstract Although training both within and outside of the workplace occur across the lifespan, older adult workers present and must contend with different circumstances related to lifelong learning, workforce development, and training. When compared with the rest of the workforce, older workers may have different reasons for pursuing workplace training or additional education. Older adults also bring varied perspectives and attitudes to the multigenerational workplace, and these may positively or negatively interact with perceptions of fellow employees and employers. This chapter covers approaches to lifelong learning and training, while highlighting both the unique challenges and opportunities faced by older workers.
σ54‐Dependent regulator DVU2956 switches Desulfovibrio vulgaris from biofilm formation to planktonic growth and regulates hydrogen sulfide production

Microbiologically influenced corrosion causes $100 billion in damage per year, and biofilms formed by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are the major culprit. However, little is known about the regulation of SRB biofilm formation. Using Desulfovibrio vulgaris as a model SRB organism, we compared the transcriptomes of biofilm and planktonic cells and identified that the gene for σ54 -dependent regulator DVU2956 is repressed in biofilms. Utilizing a novel promoter that is primarily transcribed in biofilms (Pdvu0304 ), we found production of DVU2956 inhibits biofilm formation by 70%. Corroborating this result, deleting dvu2956 increased biofilm formation, and this biofilm phenotype could be complemented. By producing proteins in biofilms from genes controlled by DVU2956 (dvu2960 and dvu2962), biofilm formation was inhibited almost completely. A second round of RNA-seq for the production of DVU2956 revealed DVU2956 influences electron transport via an Hmc complex (high-molecular-weight cytochrome c encoded by dvu0531-dvu0536) and the Fe-only hydrogenase (encoded by dvu1769, hydA and dvu1770, hydB) to control H2 S production. Corroborating these results, producing DVU2956 in biofilms decreased H2 S production by half, deleting dvu2956 increased H2 S production by 131 ± 5%, and producing DVU2956 in the dvu2956 strain reduced H2 S production. Therefore, DVU2956 maintains SRB in the planktonic state and reduces H2 S formation.