cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigating the substrate specificity of the HER2/Neu tyrosine kinase using peptide libraries

The product of the HER2/Neu oncogene is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is amplified in 25-30% of human primary breast tumors. In this project, we have isolated the HER2/Neu kinase from Sf9 cells infected with a baculovirus expression vector. We probed the substrate specificity of the HER2/Neu kinase using two peptide libraries: (1) a soluble peptide library containing three degenerate positions N-terminal to tyrosine; and (2) a bead-supported combinatorial library possessing six degenerate positions at P-1, P-2, P-3, P+1, P+2, and P+3. We identified four novel substrate sequences for HER2/Neu from the two peptide libraries. We synthesized these peptides as individual sequences and measured steady-state kinetic properties for phosphorylation by HER2/Neu. One of the peptides, AAEEIYAARRG, is the best synthetic peptide substrate reported to date for HER2/Neu. All of the sequences bear a resemblance to sites of autophosphorylation on HER2/Neu and related epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family tyrosine kinases.
Validated caloric expenditure estimation using a single body-worn sensor

In 2007, approximately 30% of US adults were obese, with related health care costs exceeding 100 billion dollars. Clearly, the obesity epidemic represents a growing societal concern. One challenge in weight control is the difficulty of tracking food calories consumed and calories expended by activity. This paper presents a system for automatic monitoring of calories expended using a single body-worn accelerometer. Our system uses activity inference combined with signal analysis to estimate calories expended in real-time using regression formulas developed by the American College of Sports Medicine. To validate our system, we have collected data from 51 subjects in a laboratory setting using a treadmill and a more natural field test. Actual caloric expenditure was determined using the medical "gold standard" measurement, of oxygen consumption. We are able to achieve 89% accuracy with lab data and 79% with field data -- both high enough to be useful in practice.
Effects of underwater treadmill training on leg strength, balance, and walking performance in adults with incomplete spinal cord injury.

AbstractObjectiveTo document the effects of underwater treadmill training (UTT) on leg strength, balance, and walking performance in adults with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI).DesignPre-test and post-test design.SettingExercise physiology laboratory.ParticipantsAdult volunteers with iSCI (n = 11).InterventionParticipants completed 8 weeks (3 × /week) of UTT. Each training session consisted of three walks performed at a personalized speed, with adequate rest between walks. Body weight support remained constant for each participant and ranged from 29 to 47% of land body weight. Increases in walking speed and duration were staggered and imposed in a gradual and systematic fashion.Outcome measuresLower-extremity strength (LS), balance (BL), preferred and rapid walking speeds (PWS and RWS), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and daily step activity (DSA).ResultsSignificant (P < 0.05) increases were observed in LS (13.1 ± 3.1 to 20.6 ± 5.1 N·kg−1), BL (23 ± 11 to 32 ± 13), PWS (0.41 ± 0.27 to 0.55 ± 0.28 m·s−...
Looking for a Job as a Psychology Professor? Factors Affecting Applicant Success

Little systematic data exist regarding the hiring process in academic psychology departments. In this study 98 chairs of search committees responded to a survey that examined the procedures used to hire faculty. Data revealed typical search processes, criteria used to rate candidates, and factors determining who was ultimately hired. Search committees emphasized fit between candidates' research and leaching experience and the needs of the department. Respondents also rated letters of recommendation as highly important in the evaluation of applicant materials. Applicants should heed these factors, practice their job talk before an on-campus interview, and he aware of how others may perceive their interpersonal skills.
Calculated infrared spectra of unstable organic molecules and reactive intermediates

The use of calculated IR spectra (ab initio) in the identification of highly reactive organic molecules and intermediates has proven to be a very useful tool to the experimental synthetic organic chemist. The results of recent collaborations between the authors and experimental groups are presented. These include the identification of o-benzyne, cyclopentadienylideneketene, and trimethylenemethane prepared photochemically in low-temperature matrices. In the first two examples, it is shown how the very useful experimental technique of obtaining the dichroic IR spectra of medium-sized molecules greatly aided in the interpretation of the experimental IR spectra. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Microbiology of prechill carcasses from medium- and fast-growing pastured broiler chicken strains

SUMMARY Consumer demand is increasing for free-range and organic poultry products. The USDA requires that postchill broilers be tested for Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter. Microbiological data are limited on the fast-growing Cornish cross (CX) chickens or the medium-growing Freedom Rangers (FR), 2 predominant strains of pastured broilers grown in the Southeast region of the United States. The objective of the present study was to compare the levels of total coliforms and E. coli, as well as the prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella, in pastured CX and FR strains. In each of 2 trials, 40 CX and 40 FR broilers were raised together on pasture with water and supplemental feed. At market weight, birds were processed and 20 prechill carcasses of each strain were evaluated for enumeration of total coliforms and E. coli, as well as the prevalence of Salmonella. Cecal contents were direct plated for Campylobacter detection. Mean counts for total coliforms and E. coli (expressed in log cfu/mL) were 3.8 and 3.4 for FR, which was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the 4.1 and 3.7 for the CX group. The Salmonella prevalence on carcasses was not different in trial 1 because of strain, but the FR strain had significantly lower Salmonella than the CX strain (50 vs. 100%, respectively) in trial 2. Irrespective of strain, the prevalence of Campylobacter was high (95% for FR vs. 100% for CX). In trial 2, although the medium-growing FR showed lower levels of total coliforms and E. coli, as well as a lower prevalence of Salmonella, even when reared with fast-growing CX, it is not known whether this could have been due to an inherent ability of FR to resist colonization or the benefit from longer residence on pasture.
ROVIBRATIONAL BOUND STATES OF THE Ar2Ne COMPLEX

We report exact quantum dynamics calculations of the eigenstate energy levels for the bound rovibrational states of the Ar2Ne complex, across the range of J values for which such states are observed (J = 0–35). All calculations have been carried out using the ScalIT suite of parallel codes. These codes employ a combination of highly efficient methods, including phase-space optimized discrete variable representation, optimal separable basis, and preconditioned inexact spectral transform (PIST) methods, together with an effective massive parallelization scheme. The Ar2Ne energy levels were computed using a pair-wise Aziz potential plus a three-body correction, in Jacobi co-ordinates. Effective potentials for the radial co-ordinates are constructed, which reveal important physical insight into the two distinct dissociation pathways, Ar2Ne → NeAr + Ar and Ar2Ne → Ar2 + Ne. A calculation of the bound vibrational (J = 0) levels, computed using the Tang–Toennies potential, is also performed for comparison with results from the previous literature.
Having a big nose: structure, ontogeny, and function of the elephant seal proboscis

The proboscis of male elephant seals (Mirounga Gray, 1827) has been suggested as an example of a secondary sexual trait since Darwin. There has been much speculation about its social function (e.g., optical signal of breeding status, amplification of vocalizations, cue for female choice). However, it has never been studied in detail, probably because its fleshy nature makes measurement difficult. In this paper, we employ photogrammetry to measure the proboscis and facial morphology of a large sample of wild, unrestrained, displaying male southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina (L., 1758)). We describe ontogeny and allometry of the proboscis and analyze current phenotypic selection pressures on proboscis traits. We discuss the potential role of the proboscis in optical and acoustic signaling of male resource-holding potential and status. We demonstrate that proboscis size is positively correlated with age and body size independently, and that it is currently under a positive sexual selection pressure whe...
Photoelectrochemical studies on poly[1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrrole] — Creation of a photoactive inorganic–organic semiconductor interface (IOI)

The compound 2-APPy [1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrrole] as an organic phase in an inorganic–organic semiconductor interface (IOI) assembly was the subject of photoelectrochemical studies in aqueous solution...
Impact of a coupled ocean wave–tide–circulation system on coastal modeling

Abstract The impact of a coupled ocean wave–tide–circulation system on coastal modeling for wind waves, oceanic circulation, and water-mass simulation is investigated by coupling of two well-tested models: the third-generation wave model (WAVEWATCH-II) and the Princeton ocean model (POM). In this study, several numerical experiments in the Yellow and East China Sea (YECS) are performed for the ideal winter case and the typhoon Winnie case. In the coupled system, wind waves are influenced by both currents and sea level elevation induced by tides, storm surges, and oceanic circulation. Tides were the most influential factor in modulating mean wave characteristics in the YECS. The magnitude of the modulation of mean wave parameters at neap tides is found to be half that at spring tides. In the YECS the tides affect not only wind waves, but also seasonal circulation and water-mass distributions. Tides increase the bottom friction of the YECS significantly and this contributes to a change of winter current direction up to 60 °C in the YECS and a decrease of surface temperatures along the trough of the Yellow Sea up to 4 °C in winter. Tides in summer produce the strong vertical mixing in shallow regions. This leads to the formation of tidal fronts in a boundary between well-mixed and stratified regions and causes sea surface temperatures (SST) along the west coast of Korea decrease as much as 3 °C. Effects of ocean waves on coastal circulation and SST simulations are investigated considering wave-dependent stress, wave breaking parameterization, and Langmuir circulation under typhoon Winnie conditions. The results show that the wave-dependent stress, which is strongly dependent on wave age and relative position from storm center, as well as the wave breaking have the most significant impact on the SST distribution.
A novel atomistic approach to determine strain-gradient elasticity constants: Tabulation and comparison for various metals, semiconductors, silica, polymers and the (Ir) relevance for nanotechnologies

Strain-gradient elasticity is widely used as a suitable alternative to size-independent classical continuum elasticity to, at least partially, capture elastic size effects at the nanoscale. In this work, borrowing methods from statistical mechanics, we present mathematical derivations that relate the strain-gradient material constants to atomic displacement correlations in a molecular dynamics computational ensemble. Using the developed relations and numerical atomistic calculations, the strain-gradient constants are explicitly determined for some representative semiconductor, metallic, amorphous and polymeric materials. This method has the distinct advantage that amorphous materials can be tackled in a straightforward manner. For crystalline materials we also employ and compare results from both empirical and ab initio based lattice dynamics. Apart from carrying out a systematic tabulation of the relevant material parameters for various materials, we also discuss certain subtleties of strain-gradient elasticity, including: the paradox associated with the sign of the strain-gradient constants, physical reasons for low or high characteristic length scales associated with the strain-gradient constants, and finally the relevance (or the lack thereof) of strain-gradient elasticity for nanotechnologies.
Recent developments in positron research

Positrons are proving to be powerful analysis tool in the field of materials research and development. Due to positrons' highly interactive nature and how they affect their surroundings when they become trapped in a defect, positron spectroscopy is a fast growing field. Positron spectroscopy may be utilized to detect and analyze defects on and near the surfaces of many materials used in engineering applications today. This spectroscopy technique is very useful in the silicon and semiconductor industry for locating and analyzing the low amount of defects present in those materials. The research in this field is growing every year, with more types of positron sources being developed and more complete systems being operated. This article attempts to provide a recent review of the research in the positron fields of materials analysis and spectroscopy research.
Thermal stabilities of delithiated olivine MPO4 (M = Fe, Mn) cathodes investigated using first principles calculations

We present an analysis of the thermal reduction of delithiated LiMnPO4 and LiFePO4 based on the quarternary phase diagrams as calculated from first principles. Our results confirm the recent experimental findings that MnPO4 decomposes at a much lower temperature than FePO4, thereby potentially posing larger safety issues for LiMnPO4 cathodes. We find that while substantial oxygen is released as MnPO4 reduces to Mn2P2O7, the mixed valence phases that form in the decomposition process of FePO4 limit the amount of oxygen evolved.
A Failure Detection Service for Large-Scale Dependable Wireless Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks

Dependable mobile ad-hoc networks are being designed to provide reliable and continuous service despite the failure of some of their components. One of the basic building blocks that have been identified for such fault tolerant systems is the failure detection service which aims at providing some information on which hosts have crashed. In this paper, we present a new implementation of a failure detection service for wireless ad-hoc and sensor systems that is based on an adaptation of a gossip-style failure detection protocol and the heartbeat failure detector. We show that our failure detector is eventually perfect - that is, it satisfies both properties: strong completeness and eventual strong accuracy. Strong completeness means that there is a time after which every faulty mobile is permanently suspected by every fault-free host. While, eventual strong accuracy refers to the fact that no host will be suspected before it crashes
Randomized clinical trial of metronidazole plus erythromycin to prevent spontaneous preterm delivery in fetal fibronectin-positive women.

Abstract Objective To estimate whether antibiotic treatment of asymptomatic women with a positive cervical or vaginal fetal fibronectin test in the second trimester would reduce the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. Methods Women were screened between 21 weeks 0 days and 25 weeks 6 days of gestation with cervical or vaginal swabs for fetal fibronectin. Women with a positive test (50 ng/mL or more) were randomized to receive metronidazole (250 mg orally three times per day) and erythromycin (250 mg orally four times per day) or identical placebo pills for 10 days. The primary outcome was spontaneous delivery before 37 weeks’ gestation after preterm labor or premature membrane rupture. Results A total of 16,317 women were screened for fetal fibronectin, and 6.6% had a positive test; 715 fetal fibronectin test–positive women consented to randomization. Outcome data were available for 703 women: 347 in the antibiotic group and 356 in the placebo group. The antibiotic and placebo groups were not significantly different for maternal age (P = .051), ethnicity (P = .849), marital status (P = .127), education (P = .244), and bacterial vaginosis (P = .236). No difference was observed in spontaneous preterm birth before 37 weeks’ (odds ratio [OR] 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80, 1.70), less than 35 weeks’ (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.54, 1.56), or less than 32 weeks’ (OR 1.94, 95% CI 0.83, 4.52) gestation in antibiotic- compared with placebo-treated women. Among women with a prior spontaneous preterm delivery, the rate of repeat spontaneous preterm delivery at less than 37 weeks’ gestation was significantly higher in the active drug compared with the placebo group (46.7% versus 23.9%, P = .039). Conclusion Treatment with metronidazole plus erythromycin of asymptomatic women with a positive cervical or vaginal fetal fibronectin test in the late second trimester does not decrease the incidence of spontaneous preterm delivery.
Knee-Extension Exercise’s Lack of Immediate Effect on Maximal Voluntary Quadriceps Torque and Activation in Individuals With Anterior Knee Pain

Context: Weight-bearing (WB) and non-weight-bearing (NWB) exercises are commonly used in rehabilitation programs for patients with anterior knee pain (AKP). Objective: To determine the immediate effects of isolated WB or NWB knee-extension exercises on quadriceps torque output and activation in individuals with AKP. Design: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: 30 subjects with self-reported AKP. Interventions: Subjects performed a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the quadriceps (knee at 90°). Maximal voluntary quadriceps activation was quantified using the central activation ratio (CAR): CAR = MVIC/(MVIC + superimposed burst torque). After baseline testing, subjects were randomized to 1 of 3 intervention groups: WB knee extension, NWB knee extension, or control. WB knee-extension exercise was performed as a sling-based exercise, and NWB knee-extension exercise was performed on the Biodex dynamometer. Exercises were performed in 3 sets of 5 repetitions at approximately 55% MVIC. Measurements were obtained at 4 times: baseline and immediately and 15 and 30 min postexercise. Main Outcome Measures: Quadriceps torque output (MVIC: N∙m/Kg) and quadriceps activation (CAR). Results: No significant differences in the maximal voluntary quadriceps torque output (F 2,27 = 0.592, P = .56) or activation (F2,27 = 0.069, P = .93) were observed among the 3 treatment groups. Conclusions: WB and NWB knee-extension exercises did not acutely change quadriceps torque output or activation. It may be necessary to perform exercises over a number of sessions and incorporate other disinhibitory interventions (eg, cryotherapy) to observe acute changes in quadriceps torque and activation.
Spiral CT With Multiplanar and Three-Dimensional Reconstructions Accurately Predicts Tracheobronchial Pathology

Background This study was designed to evaluate the clinical accuracy of multiplanar reconstructions and three-dimensional shaded surface displays compared with conventional transaxial computed tomography, bronchoscopy, and surgical pathologic findings. Methods Transaxial computed tomographic images, two-dimensional nonstandard multiplanar reconstruction images, and three-dimensional images obtained from patients with tracheobronchial disease were pro-spectively evaluated for the relationship to adjacent structures, lesion characterization, and surgical anatomic correlation before invasive procedures. Results Compared with conventional transaxial computed tomographic images, multiplanar reconstructions and three-dimensional shaded surface displays provided a correlative map of bronchoscopic and surgical anatomy in patients with benign and malignant tracheobronchial pathology. The longitudinal extent of abnormalities are better demonstrated on the multiplanar reconstruction and three-dimensional images, whereas the transverse extent of disease and relationships to adjacent structures were better shown on axial computed tomographic sections. Conclusions Three-dimensional and multiplanar two-dimensional images are additive to transaxial computed tomography for evaluation of diseases involving the central airways. They are beneficial for planning invasive procedures. More importantly, they provide consistent, highly accurate measurements for routine follow-up and for future clinical trials.
An on-line computerized ECG program for the prediction of acute ischemic heart disease

A logistic regression-based predictive instrument (PI) was developed to compute an emergency room (ER) patient's likelihood of acute cardiac ischemia (ACI) on the basis of clinical presentation and ECG (electrocardiography). The purpose of this study was to incorporate the PI into a computerized ECG so that a patient's probability of ACI could be provided automatically in real time with the ECG. The authors modified the original PI's variables to use the capabilities of a computerized ECG and programmed the PI's formula and variables into a Hewlett-Packard ECG using Electrocardiographic Language. Between the ECG and an electrocardiographer there was 85% testing agreement on the exact classification and measurement of ECG waveforms and agreement within 2% for the calculated probability of ACI. This application has considerable promise as a real-time decision aid for ER triage. >
Learning Rates with Black and Colored Letters

To test the effect of color in symbols, the learning rates of slow and average readers were compared in two types of trials: (1) matching a nonsense syllable name with black letters and (2) matching colored letters with the nonsense name first, then making the transfer to black letters. After all letters were learned to criterion, both the slow and average readers recalled more of the symbols learned under the color condition. It was found that both groups initially learned the color-coded material more readily, but had difficulty making the transfer to black letters. Those letters that differed largely on position dimensions showed the largest differences in the superiority of the color condition. It was concluded that color coding with fading might be expected to cause more rapid learning in reading with fewer orientation errors on letters that are commonly confused.
AIP-1 ameliorates β-amyloid peptide toxicity in a Caenorhabditis elegans Alzheimer's disease model

Multiple neurodegenerative diseases are causally linked to aggregation-prone proteins. Cellular mechanisms involving protein turnover may be key defense mechanisms against aggregating protein disorders. We have used a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans Alzheimer's disease model to identify cellular responses to proteotoxicity resulting from expression of the human beta amyloid peptide (Aβ). We show up-regulation of aip-1 in Aβ-expressing animals. Mammalian homologues of AIP-1 have been shown to associate with, and regulate the function of, the 26S proteasome, leading us to hypothesize that induction of AIP-1 may be a protective cellular response directed toward modulating proteasomal function in response to toxic protein aggregation. Using our transgenic model, we show that overexpression of AIP-1 protected against, while RNAi knockdown of AIP-1 exacerbated, Aβ toxicity. AIP-1 overexpression also reduced accumulation of Aβ in this model, which is consistent with AIP-1 enhancing protein degradation. Transgenic expression of one of the two human aip-1 homologues (AIRAPL), but not the other (AIRAP), suppressed Aβ toxicity in C. elegans, which advocates the biological relevance of the data to human biology. Interestingly, AIRAPL and AIP-1 contain a predicted farnesylation site, which is absent from AIRAP. This farnesylation site was shown by others to be essential for an AIP-1 prolongevity function. Consistent with this, we show that an AIP-1 mutant lacking the predicted farnesylation site failed to protect against Aβ toxicity. Our results implicate AIP-1 in the regulation of protein turnover and protection against Aβ toxicity and point at AIRAPL as the functional mammalian homologue of AIP-1.
COMPARISON OF POLLEN AND STOMATA IN LATE-GLACIAL AND EARLY-HOLOCENE LAKE SEDIMENTS FROM EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

The analysis of stomata in lake-sediment cores is increasingly used as a paleoecological tool. Stomata are less likely than pollen grains to be dispersed over long distances, and thus stomate records supplement and enhance interpretations based on pollen data by providing information about patterns and composition of local vegetation (e.g., Froyd 2005; Hansen 1995; Parshall 1999; Pisaric et al. 2000, 2003; Yu 1997). Stomata have been analyzed in modern and fossil sediments in many regions, oftentimes to gain a better understanding of past changes in the position of boreal treeline (e.g., Clayden et al. 1996, 1997; Gervais and MacDonald 2001; Gervais et al. 2002; Hansen et al. 1996; Leitner and Gajewski 2004; Pisaric et al. 2001). We have conducted the first study of this type in New England, analyzing conifer stomata in the late-glacial and early-Holocene sediments of Berry Pond, Massachusetts. Compar ison of the stomate record with pollen data tests the ability of both approaches to reflect the history of vegetation at the study site.
Campus community readiness to engage measure: its utility for campus violence prevention initiatives--preliminary psychometrics

Abstract The researchers present preliminary psychometric information on a recently developed measure—the Campus Community Readiness to Engage Measure (CCREM)—which was developed as a tool for campuses to determine their readiness to address sexual assault (SA) and relationship abuse (RA). Participants were 353 community leaders and administrators at 131 colleges and universities across New England. Factor analytic results demonstrated that the CCREM had three factors for both SA and RA: denial (the campus community is unwilling to acknowledge that SA and RA are issues for the community), initiation (the campus community is beginning to create efforts to address SA and RA and some community members are involved), and sustainability (the campus has high levels of engagement from community members and long-standing efforts to address SA and RA). Whereas there was fair to moderate agreement among raters within the same community on the sustainability and initiation subscales, there was poor to fair agreement...
Response: Re: Clinical Decisions Made in Primary Care Clinics Before and After Choosing Wisely™

To the Editor: We thank Dr. Gladwell for his thoughtful comments regarding our article about the impact of the Choosing Wisely campaign on clinical decisions made in primary care clinics. As he notes, achieving value in health care is a critical component of improving our health care system. Thus it
Investigating an approach to the alliance based on interpersonal defense theory

AbstractObjective: Notwithstanding consistent findings of significant relationships between the alliance and outcome, questions remain to be answered about the relatively small magnitude of those correlations, the mechanisms underlying the association, and how to conceptualize the alliance construct. We conducted a preliminary study of an approach to the alliance based on interpersonal defense theory, which is an interpersonal reconceptualization of defense processes, to investigate the promise of this alternative approach as a way to address the outstanding issues. Method: We employed qualitative, theory-building case study methodology, closely examining alliance processes at four time points in the treatment of a case in terms of a case formulation based on interpersonal defense theory. Results: The results suggested that our approach made it possible to recognize key processes in the alliance and that it helps explain how the alliance influences outcome. Our analyses also provided a rich set of concret...
α-Aminosulfonic Acids and Viral Propagation.

SummaryThree α-aminosulfonic acids (α-aminophenylmethanesulfonic acid, α-amino-β-phenylethanesulfonic acid, and α-amino-p-methoxyphenylmethanesulfonic acid) were prepared and tested as inhibitors of the propagation of influenza virus. Each was found to cause marked inhibition of viral synthesis in tissue culture at a concentration of 5 × 10-4 molar. In the embryonate egg 8 mg of each compound completely inhibited the multiplication of influenza virus, although the 50% lethal dose for eggs of α-amino-p-methoxyphenylmethanesulfonic acid was approximately 30 mg per egg. Under special conditions, α-amino-β-phenylethanesulfonie acid afforded some protection to mice which were infected with the WS strain of Type A influenza virus. These sulfonic acids are not virucidal, and they do not affect the respiration of tissues cultured in the Warburg flask and are not reversed by tyrosine not phenylalanine to which they are structurally related. Ammonium ions, bisulfite ions, and p-methoxybenzaldehyde did not affect vi...
The Potentiation Effect of Citric Acid on Aureomycin in Turkeys

Citric acid was used to potentiate Aureomycin by administering both materials through the drinking water of turkeys. Treatment groups receiving citric acid consistently had higher blood levels of Aureomycin than corresponding treatments receiving Aureomycin alone. Highly significant differences in tetracycline blood levels were obtained at 24 hr in one experiment and at 48 hr in a second experiment favoring citric acid treated birds.
Cognitive-behavior therapy: why is it so vilified in the chronic fatigue syndrome community?

Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is a well-established psychosocial intervention for psychiatric disorders, pain management, and stress related to medical conditions.[1] It has rarely provoked cont...
Local media coverage of wildfire disasters: An analysis of problems and solutions in policy narratives:

Many communities face increasing vulnerability to the risks posed by natural hazards, such as floods, wildfires, and hurricanes. In the public policy literature, natural disasters can garner the at...
Propuesta de un modelo para la prevención y gestión del riesgo de fraude interno por banca paralela en los bancos españoles

El fraude interno por banca paralela se tipifica en Espana como la captacion ilegal de dinero por parte de empleados bancarios o de terceros. Los casos de banca paralela tienen un importante impacto economico, legal y reputacional sobre las entidades financieras. Los principales problemas para gestionar y conocer este riesgo son la confidencialidad y la falta de informacion y de estadisticas con profundidad historica suficiente. Para solventar esta situacion, este trabajo delimita el perfil del defraudador y las caracteristicas tematicas del fraude. En funcion de estas caracteristicas se proponen las tecnicas y herramientas especificas para prevenir, detectar y mitigar este riesgo. Los mecanismos de prevencion propuestos desarrollan un sistema de indicadores especificos y los correspondientes controles basados en la segregacion de funciones. Igualmente, se plantean los requisitos para que los codigos eticos sean herramientas utiles en la lucha contra este fraude. La propuesta del programa de trabajo que se realiza para la deteccion incluye el analisis de las distintas fases de la investigacion forense. Adicionalmente, se proponen nuevas lineas de investigacion basadas en el analisis de las nuevas bases de datos de las entidades financieras y un cambio de enfoque en el supervisor financiero que aumente la transparencia en la gestion de este riesgo.
A Clash of Symbols: Historical and Universal Dimensions in Die Stadt Hinter dem Strom

(1971). A Clash of Symbols: Historical and Universal Dimensions in Die Stadt Hinter dem Strom. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 182-197.
Hemispheric Lateralization of Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Anterior Insula: Association with Age, Gender, and a Novelty-Seeking Trait

Abstract Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) is widely used to examine cerebral functional organization. The imaging literature has described lateralization of insula activations during cognitive and affective processing. Evidence appears to support a role of the right-hemispheric insula in attentional orientation to salient stimulus, interoception, and physiological arousal, and a role of the left-hemispheric insula in cognitive and affective control, as well as perspective taking. In this study, in a large data set of healthy adults, we examined lateralization of the rsFC of the anterior insula (AI) by computing a laterality index (LI) of connectivity with 54 regions from the Automated Anatomic Labeling atlas. At a corrected threshold (p < 0.001), the AI is left lateralized in connectivity with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, superior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal cortex, and posterior orbital gyrus and right lateralized in connectivity with the postcentral gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and ...
Body Weights in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease and the Obesity Frequency.

Obesity may associate with greater cardiovascular risk in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) than in the general population. As ACHD often have exercise limitations, they may be uniquely predisposed to obesity. Nevertheless, obesity prevalence in ACHD, compared with the general population, has not been quantified in a large US cohort. Hence, we sought to determine the prevalence of obesity (30 ≤ body mass index
Evaluating the use of friend or family controls in epidemiologic case-control studies.

Abstract Background Traditional methodologies for identifying and recruiting controls in epidemiologic case-control studies, such as random digit dialing or neighborhood walk, suffer from declining response rates. Here, we revisit the feasibility and comparability of using alternative sources of controls, specifically friend and family controls. Methods We recruited from a recently completed case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) among women in Los Angeles County where controls from the parent study were ascertained by neighborhood walk. We calculated participation rates and compared questionnaire responses between the friend/family controls and the original matched controls from the parent study. Results Of the 182 NHL case patients contacted, 111 (61%) agreed to participate in our feasibility study. 70 (63%) provided contact information for potential friend and/or family member controls. We were able to successfully contact and recruit a friend/family member for 92% of the case patients. This represented 46 friend controls and 54 family controls. Family controls significantly differed from original matched controls by sex and household income. Other characteristics were similar between friend controls and the original study’s neighborhood controls. Conclusion The apparent comparability of neighborhood controls to friend and family controls among respondents in this study suggests that these alternative methods of control identification can serve as a complementary source of eligible controls in epidemiologic case-control studies.
Pro Forma Earnings Presentation Effects and Investment Decisions

ABSTRACT: Reacting to the criticism that companies routinely mislead investors by emphasizing non-GAAP or pro forma numbers, the SEC promulgated Regulation G in 2003, which requires firms to provide a reconciliation of the pro forma and GAAP numbers. In this study, we conduct an experiment to examine how investors' GAAP and non-GAAP earnings performance assessments affect their financial evaluations and investment decisions based on the presentation format of the reconciliation (presenting a full non-GAAP income statement, referred to as the full NGIS format, versus presenting only the items that caused the difference between GAAP and non-GAAP measures, referred to as the summary NGIS format). We find that even though a summary NGIS format for the reconciliation of pro forma earnings does not increase the perceived non-GAAP earnings performance, it does increase the weight given to non-GAAP earnings performance when making investment-related judgments and decisions, relative to a full NGIS format. These f...
Radial Nerve Palsy After Humeral Shaft Fractures: The Case for Early Exploration and a New Classification to Guide Treatment and Prognosis

Radial nerve palsies are a common complication associated with humeral shaft fractures. The authors propose classifying these injuries into 4 types based on intraoperative findings: type 1 stretch/neuropraxia, type 2 incarcerated, type 3 partial transection, and type 4 complete transection. The initial management of radial nerve palsies associated with closed fractures of the humerus remains a controversial topic, with early exploration reserved for open fractures, fractures that cannot achieve an adequate closed reduction requiring fracture repair, fractures with associated vascular injuries, and polytrauma patients. Outside of these recommendations, expectant observation for spontaneous recovery is recommended.
Comrades against Imperialism: Nehru, India, and Interwar Internationalism

In this book Michele L. Louro compiles the debates, introduces the personalities, and reveals the ideas that seeded Jawaharlal Nehru's political vision for India and the wider world. Set between the world wars, this book argues that Nehru's politics reached beyond India in order to fulfill a greater vision of internationalism that was rooted in his experiences with anti-imperialist and anti-fascist mobilizations in the 1920s and 1930s. Using archival sources from India, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, and Russia, the author offers a compelling study of Nehru's internationalism as well as contributes a necessary interwar history of institutions and networks that were confronting imperialist, capitalist, and fascist hegemony in the twentieth-century world. Louro provides readers with a global intellectual history of anti-imperialism and Nehru's appropriation of it, while also establishing a history of a typically overlooked period.
Understanding the in vivo fate of radioimmunoconjugates for nuclear imaging.

Over the past 25 years, antibodies have emerged as extraordinarily promising vectors for the delivery of radionuclides to tumors for nuclear imaging. While radioimmunoconjugates often produce very high activity concentrations in target tissues, they also are frequently characterized by elevated activity concentrations in healthy organs as well. The root of this background uptake lies in the complex network of biological interactions between the radioimmunoconjugate and the subject. In this review, we seek to provide an overview of these interactions and thus paint a general picture of the in vivo fate of radioimmunoconjugates. In order to cover the entire story, we have divided our discussion into two parts. First, we will address the path of the entire radioimmunoconjugate as it travels through the body. And second, we will cover the fate of the radionuclide itself, as its course can diverge from the antibody under certain circumstances. Ultimately, our goal is to provide the nuclear imaging field with a resource covering these important — yet often underestimated — pathways.
Integral Submanifolds and Contact Transformations

In this chapter we first discuss integral submanifolds of a contact manifold, that is, submanifolds whose tangent vectors belong to the contact subbundle. We then study contact transformations, some characterizations, their transitivity, etc., and end the chapter with several examples.
Antioxidant Therapies for Preterm Infants

The premature newborn is especially susceptible to damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Premature infants have inadequate concentrations of antioxidants at birth and an impaired ability to increase synthesis of antioxidants in response to hyperoxia or other oxidant challenges. This can lead to an increased risk for the development of ROS-induced diseases of the newborn. Given this, therapies aimed at preventing this damage have been developed and are actively being studied in this population. Antioxidant enzymes, vitamins, trace elements, and even human breast milk are commonly utilized in attempts to prevent cell injury induced by ROS. Improved understanding of these relationships will be necessary for the development of rational treatments aimed at improving pregnancy outcomes and reducing the burden of oxidative stress in premature newborns.
Responses of American Forests to Photochemical Oxidants

Photochemical oxidants produced over urban areas in North America contribute to the development of regional levels of air pollution which have been injurious to forests. Ozone data recorded since 1974 suggest that the Pacific Southwest and the Atlantic North-east have the greatest potential for tree damage. Ozone persists longer in nonurban areas because of the absence of chemical scavengers. Factors influencing oxidant accumulation include terrain features which result in the formation of inversion layers, elevation, and seasonal patterns of air movement. Ozone concentrations typical of several mountain sites are presented. Information on the effects of ozone on North American forest species is limited. Caution is recommended in the use of sensitivity rankings from the limited available data because of variability in methods used to assess ozone injury. Tree and forest decline in response to ozone has been demonstrated in a limited number of studies in North America. Chronic injury to forests has been reported in the transverse mountain ranges of southern California, the Blue Ridge and southern Appalachian Mountains, and the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee. Recent observations indicate that similar levels of chronic injury are occurring in the mountains southwest of Mexico City. Increased ability to characterize oxidant-caused foliar damage Symptoms may also implicate ozone and associated oxidants as important elements of tree and forest decline observed in other regions of the United States and Europe.
Design of a DNA-Programmed Plasminogen Activator.

Although the functional specificity and catalytic versatility of enzymes have been exploited in numerous settings, controlling the spatial and temporal activity of enzymes remains challenging. Here...
Study of a single-phase full-wave uncontrolled rectifier with a constant power load

Single-phase uncontrolled rectifiers supplying a constant power load (CPL) are common in a power system, especially for digital devices such as telecommunication equipment. The characteristics of CPLs may de-stabilize the system and cause an output voltage collapse if the initial capacitor voltage is too low. Based on a mathematical model of the rectifier-CPL circuit, a method is proposed to estimate the minimum initial voltage which makes the system converge to a limit cycle. Also, some non-linear factors including the source impedance and the inertia of the CPL are are considered to analyze their influence on the dynamical behaviors of the rectifier. When the rectifier operates in steady states, a high load power may cause a bifurcation phenomenon. Some analysis is made for the bifurcation and its negative effects on the power grid.
Constructing the Don Carlos Legend in Nineteenth-Century Spain

In this essay I discuss the three best-known literary contributions to the Don Carlos legend from the early nineteenth century: Manuel Jose Quintana’s ‘El Panteon del Escorial’ (1805) Jose Maria Diaz’s Felipe II (1836), and Pedro Calvo Asensio’s Felipe el Prudente (1853). As I hope to demonstrate, in each of these works Don Carlos is a metaphor for Spain, and both father and son embody liberal Romantics’ anxieties about the nation’s political future. These plays also call attention to liberal Spain’s lack of cohesion throughout the early nineteenth century.
Self Directed Learning with Hidden Action: A Quadratic Model with an Implication for the Skills Gap

This paper considers a hidden action agency model in which an agent can be incentivized to simultaneously work and self train to increase productivity. We determine conditions under which the principal wants to incentivize concurrent working and training and conditions under which the agent would want to participate. Next we consider outside hiring as an alternative to internal working and training. We discuss the conditions under which the agent and the principal would be better off with internal and concurrent work and training as opposed to a pre-work training program, and we provide a reason for the skills gap. The results are also applicable to multitasking between work effort and capital maintenance effort.
Predicting the size scaling in strength of nanolayered materials by a discrete slip crystal plasticity model

Abstract The main attraction of metallic nanolayered composites (MNCs) lies not only with their five-to ten-fold increases in strength over that of their constituents, but also in the tunability of their superior strength with nanolayer thickness. While the size scaling in strength prevails in many MNC material systems, the size scaling cannot be accurately predicted with crystal plasticity framework. Here, we present a crystal plasticity based computational method that considers plasticity to occur in grain boundary-controlled discrete slip events and apply it to predict the deformation response and underlying mechanisms in Cu/Nb MNCs. Predicted tensile stress-strain responses are shown to achieve agreement with measurements for four distinct nanolayer thicknesses, without introducing adjustable parameters. The model predicts the Hall-Petch size scaling of strength on layer thickness and the rising plastic anisotropy as the layer thickness reduces. Analysis of the results indicates that the origin of the layer size effect on strength results from the limits layer thickness places on the lengths of dislocations sources lying in the grain boundaries.
FRESH: Long-Term Outcomes of a Randomized Trial to Reduce Radon and Tobacco Smoke in the Home

INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoke and radon are the leading causes of lung cancer. The FRESH intervention was a randomized controlled trial of 515 homeowners to promote stage of action to reduce radon and air nicotine levels. METHODS We studied 515 participants, 257 in a treatment group and 258 in a control group. Treatment participants received free radon and air nicotine test kits, report back, and telephone support, and those participants whose homes had high radon levels received a voucher for $600 toward mitigation. Both groups were asked to retest 15 months post intervention. We examined differences in stage of action to test for and mitigate radon and adopt a smoke-free-home policy and in observed radon and air nicotine values by study group over time. RESULTS Homeowners in the treatment group scored higher on stage of action to test for radon and air nicotine and to mitigate for radon during follow-up than those in the control group at 3 months and 9 months, but the effect of the intervention diminished after 9 months. We saw no difference between groups or over time in observed radon or air nicotine values. Of homeowners in the treatment group with high radon levels at baseline, 17% mitigated, and 80% of them used the voucher we provided. CONCLUSION The null finding of no significant change in observed radon or air nicotine values from baseline to 15 months may reflect the low proportion of radon mitigation systems installed and the decline in stage of action to adopt a smoke-free home policy. Including a booster session at 9 months post intervention may improve the remediation rate.