cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sulfur volatiles from Allium spp. affect Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), response to citrus volatiles

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, vectors Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus (Lam), the presumed causal agents of huanglongbing. D. citri generally rely on olfaction and vision for detection of host cues. Plant volatiles from Allium spp. (Alliaceae) are known to repel several arthropod species. We examined the effect of garlic chive (A. tuberosum Rottl.) and wild onion (A. canadense L.) volatiles on D. citri behaviour in a two-port divided T-olfactometer. Citrus leaf volatiles attracted significantly more D. citri adults than clean air. Volatiles from crushed garlic chive leaves, garlic chive essential oil, garlic chive plants, wild onion plants and crushed wild onion leaves all repelled D. citri adults when compared with clean air, with the first two being significantly more repellent than the others. However, when tested with citrus volatiles, only crushed garlic chive leaves and garlic chive essential oil were repellent, and crushed wild onions leaves were not. Analysis of the headspace components of crushed garlic chive leaves and garlic chive essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that monosulfides, disulfides and trisulfides were the primary sulfur volatiles present. In general, trisulfides (dimethyl trisulfide) inhibited the response of D. citri to citrus volatiles more than disulfides (dimethyl disulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, allyl disulfide). Monosulfides did not affect the behaviour of D. citri adults. A blend of dimethyl trisulfide and dimethyl disulfide in 1 : 1 ratio showed an additive effect on inhibition of D. citri response to citrus volatiles. The plant volatiles from Allium spp. did not affect the behaviour of the D. citri ecto-parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterston). Thus, Allium spp. or the tri- and di-sulphides could be integrated into management programmes for D. citri without affecting natural enemies.
Sucrose: a solute that accumulates in the guard-cell apoplast and guard-cell symplast of open stomata

Stomatal conductances of Vicia faba leaves were recorded over a day. Coordinately, (a) guard cells dissected from leaflets were assayed, providing total sucrose content, and (b) guard cells dissected from rinsed epidermes were also assayed, providing symplastic sucrose content. Compared with that of pre-dawn samples, apoplastic sucrose content increased 4.8 – 5.2 × (2 experiments), reaching 1,130 – 1,300 fmol·guard-cell-pair−1 at midday, when conductance was highest (ca. 0.13 mol·m−2·s−1); symplastic sucrose content increased 2.5 – 3.5 ×, reaching 350 – 390 fmol·guard-cell-pair−1. Thus, there is a correlation between transpiration and guard-cell sucrose content, particularly that portion localized to the apoplast. Moreover, apoplastic sucrose is apparently a source of guard-cell nutrition and, possibly, osmoticum.
Taxon distributions and the tetrapod track record

Vertebrate tracks are a unique, abundant source of fossil data that supplements the skel- etal record in many ways. However, the utility of ichnofossil data depends on how specifically the authors of tracks can be identified. Despite this fact, there is little consensus about how to identify potential trackmakers, and existing methods differ in their bases, assumptions, and corresponding implications. In this paper we support the proposal that trackmakers should be identified primarily by skeletal structures that are both preserved in the ichnofossils and synapomorphies of some body-fossil clade. This synapomorphy-based technique enables certain taxa to be positively identified as can- didate trackmakers and others to be excluded from consideration. In addition, the diagnostic level of the synapomorphy (i.e., to a higher or lower level) corresponds to that of the trackmaker. Ad- ditional features, such as body size and provenance, can be used in association with synapomor- phies as additional differentiae of trackmaker identity. Trackway analyses are dependent on the level of trackmaker diagnosis, but not all analyses re- quire the same diagnostic specificity. Palichnostratigraphic correlations to the stage level are shown to require at least a genus-level identification of a trackmaker, whereas studies of vertebrate dis- tributions (i.e., origins, extinctions, ranges) accommodate much coarser designations. Anachronis- tic occurrences of trace and body fossils result in range extensions for either the skeletal taxon or the feature in question. For example, the temporal distribution of theropods can be extended on the basis of the footprint record, resulting in an earlier estimated divergence time for Dinosauria.
The Undergraduate as Professor

Familiar results showing no effect of treatment on grades, but significant effects on attitude are found in an innovative teaching situation.
Characterizing the Genetic Influences on Risk Aversion

Risk aversion has long been cited as an important factor in retirement decisions, investment behavior, and health. Some of the heterogeneity in individual risk tolerance is well understood, reflecting age gradients, wealth gradients, and similar effects, but much remains unexplained. This study explores genetic contributions to heterogeneity in risk aversion among older Americans. Using over 2 million genetic markers per individual from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study, I report results from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on risk preferences using a sample of 10,455 adults. None of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are found to be statistically significant determinants of risk preferences at levels stricter than 5 × 10−8. These results suggest that risk aversion is a complex trait that is highly polygenic. The analysis leads to upper bounds on the number of genetic effects that could exceed certain thresholds of significance and still remain undetected at the current sample size. The ...
Temporal dynamics of brain activation during a working memory task

Working memory is responsible for the short-term storage and online manipulation of information necessary for higher cognitive functions, such as language, planning and problem-solving. Traditionally, working memory has been divided into two types of processes: executive control (governing the encoding manipulation and retrieval of information in working memory) and active maintenance (keeping information available 'online'). It has also been proposed that these two types of processes may be subserved by distinct cortical structures, with the prefrontal cortex housing the executive control processes, and more posterior regions housing the content-specific buffers (for example verbal versus visuospatial) responsible for active maintenance. However, studies in non-human primates suggest that dorsolateral regions of the prefrontal cortex may also be involved in active maintenance. We have used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain activation in human subjects during performance of a working memory task. We used the temporal resolution of this technique to examine the dynamics of regional activation, and to show that prefrontal cortex along with parietal cortex appears to play a role in active maintenance.
Unsupervised Semantic Labeling Framework for Identification of Complex Facilities in High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images

Nuclear proliferation is a major national security concern for many countries. Existing feature extraction and classification approaches are not suitable for monitoring proliferation activity using high-resolution multi-temporal remote sensing imagery. In this paper we present an unsupervised semantic labeling framework based on the Latent Dirichlet Allocation method. This framework is used to analyze over 70 images collected under different spatial and temporal settings over the globe representing two major semantic categories: nuclear and coal power plants. Initial experimental results show a reasonable discrimination of these two categories even though they share highly overlapping and common objects. This research also identified several research challenges associated with nuclear proliferation monitoring using high resolution remote sensing images.
Putin's Russia as a fascist political system

Abstract There is a broad consensus among students of contemporary Russia that the political system constructed by Vladimir Putin is authoritarian and that he plays a dominant role in it. By building and expanding on these two features and by engaging in a deconstruction and reconstruction of the concept of fascism, this article suggests that the Putin system may plausibly be termed fascist. Not being a type of group, disposition, politics, or ideology, fascism may be salvaged from the conceptual confusion that surrounds it by being conceived of as a type of authoritarian political system. Fascism may be defined as a popular fully authoritarian political system with a personalistic dictator and a cult of the leader—a definition that makes sense conceptually as well as empirically, with respect to Putin's Russia and related fascist systems.
Faunal communities are invariant to fragmentation in experimental seagrass landscapes

Human-driven habitat fragmentation is cited as one of the most pressing threats facing many coastal ecosystems today. Many experiments have explored the consequences of fragmentation on fauna in one foundational habitat, seagrass beds, but have either surveyed along a gradient of existing patchiness, used artificial materials to mimic a natural bed, or sampled over short timescales. Here, we describe faunal responses to constructed fragmented landscapes varying from 4–400 m2 in two transplant garden experiments incorporating live eelgrass (Zostera marina L.). In experiments replicated within two subestuaries of the Chesapeake Bay, USA across multiple seasons and non-consecutive years, we comprehensively censused mesopredators and epifaunal communities using complementary quantitative methods. We found that community properties, including abundance, species richness, Simpson and functional diversity, and composition were generally unaffected by the number of patches and the size of the landscape, or the intensity of sampling. Additionally, an index of competition based on species co-occurrences revealed no trends with increasing patch size, contrary to theoretical predictions. We extend conclusions concerning the invariance of animal communities to habitat fragmentation from small-scale observational surveys and artificial experiments to experiments conducted with actual living plants and at more realistic scales. Our findings are likely a consequence of the rapid life histories and high mobility of the organisms common to eelgrass beds, and have implications for both conservation and restoration, suggesting that even small patches can rapidly promote abundant and diverse faunal communities.
Topology and geometry of the Berkovich ramification locus for rational functions, I

We initiate a detailed study of the ramification locus for projective endomorphisms of the Berkovich projective line—the non-Archimedean analog of the Riemann sphere.
A Boiling Heat Transfer Experiment for a Senior-Level Engineering Laboratory:

This paper presents a simple experiment that can be executed in an undergraduate laboratory to observe the boiling curve, including the transition and film boiling regimes. The experiment involves submerging an instrumented copper sphere into liquid nitrogen and measuring the evolution of the temperature of the sphere. Besides providing excellent visualization of the film, transition and nucleate boiling regimes, from the measurements the boiling curve can be obtained. Quantitative results and uncertainty analysis are presented for the critical heat flux and minimum heat flux. A paradox is presented when insulation is added to the sphere, since it can prevent the creation of a vapor film, maintaining the more efficient transition and nucleate boiling heat transfer regime and thus cooling the copper sphere faster than with no insulation. As expected, when the copper sphere is insulated further, heat transfer diminishes, offsetting the gains made by maintaining nucleate heat transfer. The experiment also ev...
A New Technic for Separation of Human Leukocytes

A simple technic for separation of human leukocytes is described. It utilizes differential sedimentation following red cell and platelet agglutination induced by Polybrene. In this technic, lymphocytes are partially removed and over 50 per cent of polymorphonuclears are recovered. The leukocyte/red cell ratio is about 5, if blood samples with normal leukocyte counts are used. By use of blood samples containing higher white cell counts this ratio may be increased. The separated cells proved to be highly viable as tested by phase microscopy, supravital staining and phagocytosis. There was no significant change in oxygen uptake of leukemic cells in the presence of a relatively large Polybrene concentration.
Analysis on Oil- fuel Depot Safety Design in Automobile Industry

The article introduces some new safety design of oil-fuel depot in Automobile industry,seek and probe into the best design method and scheme.
Cross-sectional Study on Occupational Hazards in Industrial Enterprises and Research on Management Measures in Changsha in 2008

Objective To comprehensively understand the basic condition of occupational hazards and the present situation of occupational health management in Changsha,to analyze the distribution characteristics of occupational hazards in enterprises and the contact characteristics of professional crowd,to define the objectives and priorities of occupational-disease-prevention work,and to propose the prevention and management strategy of occupational hazards.Methods The data of occupational-disease-inductive industrial enterprises in 2008 were collected to edit an EpiData2.1b database,and then the relevant information was statistically analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software.Results A total of 1,774 occupational-disease-inductive industrial enterprises were investigated by the end of 2008,including 210,332 staff members.Among them,67,231 workers contacted occupational hazards,and the exposed person-times were 95,062.The dust-exposed person-times were 38,619(40.62%),the chemical material-exposed person-times were 24,145(25.40%),and the physical factors-exposed person-times were 32,298(33.97%).Machinery ranked the first place in industrial enterprise distribution,followed by light industry,building material,chemical industry,and coal industry.The county-level enterprises accounted for 80.77% of the total enterprises in the city.The private enterprises accounted for 67.53% of the total enterprises in the city.The county-level enterprises employed 46,597(69.30%) staff members,and the private enterprises employed 29,583(44.00%) ones.Conclusions The amount of occupational-disease-inductive enterprises,the types of hazards,and the number of workers exposed to hazards showed an increasing trend.The coverage rate of monitoring enterprise,the monitoring rate of hazard factors,the qualified rate of sample testing,and the monitoring rate of health care were in low-level among the whole nation.The county-level enterprises and private enterprises are the key points that the professionals conduct occupational-diseases prevention and cure work.
Monitoring and analysis on flies density in Zigong city,2011

OBJECTIVE To determine species composition and distribution patterns and seasonal dynamics of fly populations in Zigong city,provide data for the formulation of scientific prevention and control measures.METHODS The cage trap method was employed to monitor densities and population distributions of flies at five monitoring sites at Zigong city.RESULTS Total of 950 flies were captured,the average density was 7.04/cage,the dominant population was Lucilia sericata.In June,the density was the highest,the dominant group in residential areas and green belt was Chrysomya megacephala,while in the outside environment of restaurants and farmers market was Lucilia sericata.CONCLUSION It should carry out flies control based on comprehensive ecological improvement,and combined with the population characteristics and density growth and decline regularity.
Novel Luminex Assay for Telomere Repeat Mass Does Not Show Well Position Effects Like qPCR

Telomere length is a potential biomarker of aging and risk for age-related diseases. For measurement of relative telomere repeat mass (TRM), qPCR is typically used primarily due to its low cost and low DNA input. But the position of the sample on a plate often impacts the qPCR-based TRM measurement. Recently we developed a novel, probe-based Luminex assay for TRM that requires ~50ng DNA and involves no DNA amplification. Here we report, for the first time, a comparison among TRM measurements obtained from (a) two singleplex qPCR assays (using two different primer sets), (b) a multiplex qPCR assay, and (c) our novel Luminex assay. Our comparison is focused on characterizing the effects of sample positioning on TRM measurement. For qPCR, DNA samples from two individuals (K and F) were placed in 48 wells of a 96-well plate. For each singleplex qPCR assay, we used two plates (one for Telomere and one for Reference gene). For the multiplex qPCR and the Luminex assay, the telomere and the reference genes were assayed from the same well. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the TRM for Luminex (7.2 to 8.4%) was consistently lower than singleplex qPCR (11.4 to 14.9%) and multiplex qPCR (19.7 to 24.3%). In all three qPCR assays the DNA samples in the left- and right-most columns showed significantly lower TRM than the samples towards the center, which was not the case for the Luminex assay (p = 0.83). For singleplex qPCR, 30.5% of the variation in TL was explained by column-to-column variation and 0.82 to 27.9% was explained by sample-to-sample variation. In contrast, only 5.8% of the variation in TRM for the Luminex assay was explained by column-to column variation and 50.4% was explained by sample-to-sample variation. Our novel Luminex assay for TRM had good precision and did not show the well position effects of the sample that were seen in all three of the qPCR assays that were tested.
Solid State Collapse of a High-Spin Square-Planar Fe(II) Complex, Solution Phase Dynamics, and Electronic Structure Characterization of an Fe(II)2 Dimer

Square-planar high-spin Fe(II) molecular compounds are rare, and until recently, the only four examples of non-macrocyclic or sterically driven molecular compounds of this kind shared a common FeO4 core. The trianionic pincer-type ligand [CF3-ONO]H3 (1) supports the high-spin square-planar Fe(II) complex {[CF3-ONO]FeCl}{Li(Sv)2}2 (2). In the solid state, 2 forms the dimer complex {[CF3-ONO]Fe}2{(μ-Cl)2(μ-LiTHF)4} (3) in 96% yield by simply applying a vacuum or stirring it with pentane for 2 h. A detailed high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance and field-dependent 57Fe Mossbauer investigation of 3 revealed a weak antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between the local iron spins which exhibit a zero-field splitting tensor characterized by negative D parameter. In solution, 2 is in equilibrium with the solvento complex {[CF3-ONO]FeCl(THF)}{Li2(Sv)4} (2·Sv) and the dimer 3. A combination of frozen solution 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray crystallography helped elucidate the solve...
A Content Analysis of Electronic Cigarette Portrayal in Newspapers.

Objective To determine how electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are portrayed in newspaper informative articles and opinion pieces. Methods A content analysis was conducted on 450 articles published in the United States from 1997 to mid-2014 and obtained by a Newsbank search. The articles were reliably coded for overall frame, type of article, first topic and main topics addressed. Results The article topics have changed over time and suggest significant differences between news articles and opinion pieces. Informative articles focused on e-cigarette regulation, while opinion pieces highlighted their increasing popularity and perceived health benefits. Conclusions This content analysis uncovered significant interest in e-cigarettes, particularly in their regulation. The FDA should consider public perceptions of e-cigarettes when developing regulations.
Oscillator Design for Variability

This chapter discusses the impact of process variation on the voltage-controlled oscillator performance degradation. Mixed-mode device and circuit simulation is used to probe the physical insight. Analytical equations are dervied to provide the theoretical basis. Monte Carlo simulation results are shown to demonstrate the statistical variation of VCO performance subjected to process variation. Substrate bias technique helps reduce the process variation effect on VCO performance fluctuation.
Treatment of Distal Radial Fractures by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation with a Volar Locking Plate

The volar locking plate is a popular implant for surgical management of unstable distal radial fractures. We routinely utilize this system for all distal radial fractures except for those with entrapped intra-articular fragments and fractures with a displaced dorsomedial facet fracture (which is hard to capture with the volar approach alone). In this video, we describe in detail the necessary steps for successful placement of the volar locking plate, starting with preoperative planning and ending with expected outcomes. The approach that we utilize is through the flexor carpi radialis tendon sheath and avoids the radial artery. In the video, we describe 4 variations on the application of a volar locking plate: (1) the standard technique after appropriate reduction and provisional fixation with Kirschner wires, (2) regaining length through a shortened distal radial fracture, (3) using the volar plate to assist in the reduction and regain volar tilt, and (4) intraoperative management of coronal shift of the distal fragment. Complications reported for the volar locking plate have decreased with newer low-profile plate designs; however, they still include volar tendon irritation and/or rupture and median neuropathy. Postoperatively, we advise a brief 2-week period of immobilization for wound-healing, which is followed by a period during which a removable wrist splint is used and patients are instructed on the performance of a hand therapy regimen.
Monitoring Performance as a Function of Rate of Ready Signals

62 human male subjects were tested in this study which involved a unique, numeric-monitoring task including both ready signals and GO NO-GO signals for response in order to verify that increases in signal rate improve performance. These data extend and generalize previous findings to a wider variety of signal conditions and also answer a criticism of previous findings, i.e., that if subjects made a constant number of responses per hour, their percentage signals missed would decline as a function of signal rate. By the unique design of the task, this criticism was refuted and the general conclusions in the extant literature were supported and extended. It was shown that performance improved as a function of number of ready signals (P < .02). Data from this study could be used to support the arousal hypotheses of performance.
Modelling the line shape of very low energy peaks of positron beam induced secondary electrons measured using a time of flight spectrometer

In this paper, we present results of numerical modelling of the University of Texas at Arlington's time of flight positron annihilation induced Auger electron spectrometer (UTA TOF-PAES) using SIMION® 8.1 Ion and Electron Optics Simulator. The time of flight (TOF) spectrometer measures the energy of electrons emitted from the surface of a sample as a result of the interaction of low energy positrons with the sample surface. We have used SIMION® 8.1 to calculate the times of flight spectra of electrons leaving the sample surface with energies and angles dispersed according to distribution functions chosen to model the positron induced electron emission process and have thus obtained an estimate of the true electron energy distribution. The simulated TOF distribution was convolved with a Gaussian timing resolution function and compared to the experimental distribution. The broadening observed in the simulated TOF spectra was found to be consistent with that observed in the experimental secondary electron spectra of Cu generated as a result of positrons incident with energy 1.5 eV to 901 eV, when a timing resolution of 2.3 ns was assumed.
Resolution of Occlusive Carotid Artery Thrombus Treated with Anticoagulation as Demonstrated on Duplex Ultrasonography.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE While the majority of cerebral ischemic events due to carotid occlusive disease result from atherosclerotic plaque rupture, intraluminal carotid artery thrombus occasionally occurs in patients without preexisting carotid atherosclerosis. Identification of nonatherosclerotic thrombus as the cause of the carotid occlusive disease can obviate the need for an interventional procedure, and resolution of thrombus can be monitored with B-mode duplex ultrasonography. METHODS We reviewed 3 patients treated on The Mount Sinai Hospital Stroke Unit with anticoagulation for nonatherosclerotic carotid thrombi and followed with serial Doppler ultrasonogrpahy for resolution of thrombus. RESULTS Occlusive carotid thrombus was successfully treated in all 3 patients with systemic anticoagulation. B-mode duplex ultrasonography allowed for demonstration of resolving thrombus. CONCLUSION Differentiation between a stenotic plaque and occlusive thrombus can be achieved by ultrasonographic analysis of thrombus morphology, attachment site potential, and characteristics of a resolving thrombus. Systemic anticoagulation can safely and effectively eliminate the risk for future embolization and complete occlusion of the carotid artery in patients who present with transient ischemic events or completed infarcts of small size.
Detection of cracking and damage mechanisms in brittle granites by moment tensor analysis of acoustic emission signals

An acoustic emission (AE) testing of rock cracking was performed under uniaxial loading conditions by precut varisized circular holes in selected brittle granites. Based on AE-source location technique and AE-theory for moment tensor analysis, rules of the temporal–spatial evolution of micro-cracks in different failure mechanisms were explored and types of micro-cracks were analyzed as well. The results revealed that the micro-cracks are uniquely easy to generate in the positions where stress are concentrated. Tensile fractures are easy to form on the roof and floor of a circular hole, while shear fractures are easy to be found on both sides. The locations of initial cracks generated around the holes in the loading process are the direction or vertical direction of maximum principle stress. Macroscopic crack orientation agrees with the direction of maximum principle stress approximately. As the size of circular opening increases and the relative size of pillar decreases, shear cracks are dominant with the percentage more than 45%, tension cracks are fewer, accounted for less than 40% of the total events, and mixed-mode cracks represent a minimum proportion, despite the decrease of percentage of shear cracks. The findings of this work can serve for supporting design of tunnel or roadway to avoid collapse.
Healthy aging of the left ventricle in relationship to cardiovascular risk factors: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Background Understanding the relationship of cardiovascular structure and function to age is confounded by the high prevalence of traditional risk factors in the United States. The purpose of the study is to compare left ventricular (LV) and aortic structural, and functional parameters in individuals with and without traditional risk factors in a population-based cohort. Methods and results 3015 study participants (48% men, age 55–94, mean 69.01±9.17 years) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging from 2010–2012. Absence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (no hypertension, diabetes or impaired fasting glucose, obesity, smoking or hypercholesterolemia) was infrequent, occurring in just 314 (10.4%, 38% men) of 3015 participants. In multivariable analyses adjusting for age, sex and race, individuals with CV risk factors had significantly larger LV mass index (by 17%) and lower LV contractibility (circumference strain, lower by 14%). Indexed LV volumes and stroke volume were inversely associated with age, but such relationships were not statistically significant in risk-free male subjects (p>0.05). Men with CV risk factors showed positive association of CMR T1 indices of myocardial fibrosis with age. Aortic function was similar in individuals with and without risk factors; age was associated with decline of aortic function in both CV and no CV risk factor groups. Conclusion Our results support that LV structure and function are better preserved in senescent hearts in the absence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and such protection is more prominent in men than in women.
Conscious Capitalism vs. Rapacious Capitalism: Lessons from King Leopold II

In this paper it is argued that two kinds of capitalism are engaged in a great struggle in the United States. Both approaches are derived from the opinions of Adam Smith, the father of capitalism, who posited in The Wealth of Nations that universal self-interest and the “invisible hand” of the marketplace allocate scarce resources more efficiently and promotes social welfare better than any other economic system. One type of capitalism could be called “moral capitalism” or “conscious capitalism”; the other kind of capitalism takes a “greed is good” approach this paper condemns. This paper’s authors argue that the only kind of capitalism that is good for a country is based on values and morals. In fact, they say, this is exactly what Adam Smith had in mind, as he was a strong believer in empathy and benevolence. The example of King Leopold II of Belgium is provided as an example of why capitalism based on greed is not desirable because it is widely believed that he was responsible for the death of ten million natives of the Congo Free State, which makes him one of history’s most notorious mass murderers. The Congo Free State was created in the 1880s as the private holding of a purported, private charitable organization created by some European investors that was headed by Leopold II, whose personal control of the country was unrestrained. Outrage over the well documented atrocities committed by his brutal regime led to the Congo Free State being abolished and replaced in 1908 by the Belgian Congo, a colony controlled by the Belgium parliament.
Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis with PSH: An Under-Recognized Association with Treatment Implications? (P03.028)

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) that occurred in a female patient with NMDA receptor encephalitis. BACKGROUND: While autonomic instability occurs as part of anti-N-methyl D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is not a recognized cause of the clinical syndrome of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH). We present a case of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in which PSH was a cardinal feature. DESIGN/METHODS: This is a case report of a single patient who developed paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) after she was diagnosed with NMDA receptor encephalitis. RESULTS: A 31-year-old woman had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure and then developed progressively worsening neuropsychiatric symptoms, including mania, hallucinations, echolalia, and suicidal ideation. Diagnostic work-up revealed anti-NMDA receptor antibodies detected in the serum and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). One week after symptom onset, the patient experienced intermittent episodes of sinus tachycardia, hypertension, tachypnea, diaphoresis and extensor posturing. The episodes were both spontaneous and stimulus responsive (for example, during endotracheal suctioning). The episodes, consistent with PSH, were initially treated with dexmedetomidine, which was titrated to effect. Gabapentin and propranolol were added later for symptom control, but eventually weaned off as her symptoms abated approximately six weeks into the illness. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the autonomic instability associated with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis may often be PSH. PSH often goes unrecognized in patients outside of the setting of TBI, thus specific PSH management strategies may be overlooked in other illnesses. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis may represent the functional companion to the structural lesion encountered in TBI. Recognition of PSH in this setting is important to guide the management of the autonomic instability, but may also have mechanistic implications. Disclosure: Dr. Takahashi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hinson has received research support from the American Brain Foundation. Dr. Bourdette has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Serono, and Teva Neurosciences for speaking and serving as faculty at company sponsored meetings.
Resettlement Issues Among Myanmar Refugee Women in the Early Stage of a Community-Based Developmental Research Project

We address the influence of ethnic diversity on the development of a resettlement support system for Myanmar women refugees who are now residing in Dallas, Texas. The intent of the project is to br...
The value of digital video data for qualitative social work research: A narrative review:

This study evaluates the value of digital video data in qualitative social work research at each stage of the research process. Through an analytic narrative review of the social work literature an...
Courtroom Controversy: A Stasis/Stock Issues Analysis of the Angela Davis Trial

(1976). Courtroom Controversy: A Stasis/Stock Issues Analysis of the Angela Davis Trial. The Journal of the American Forensic Association: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 77-83.
Affinity and avidity models in autoimmune disease

In this work, we develop a theoretical model of affinity and avidity in the immune system.The model is based on an extension of the Cubic Ternary Complex (CTC) model of receptor - ligandinteractions to the immunological synapse setting. We use the resulting equation to study how lysiscan occur for a cell exhibiting only self proteins. This general affinity model gives a nice quantitativetool which can be used to explore a nonlinear model of how a T Cell can have a productive interactionwith a MHC-I complex even though the encapsulated peptide fragment is a self protein. The modelbuilt will allow the creation of even more general autoimmune models within the framework of B andT Cell differentiation via cytokine signalling families.
Component Architectures and Services: From Application Construction to Scientific Workflows

The idea of building computer applications by composing them out of reusable software components is a concept that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s as developers began to realize that the complexity of software was evolving so rapidly that a different approach was needed if actual software development was going to keep pace with the demands placed upon it.1 This fact had already been realized by hardware designers. By the mid 1970s, it was standard practice to build digital systems by composing them from standard, well-tested integrated circuits that encapsulated sophisticated, powerful subsystems that we easily reused in thousands of applications. By the 1990s, even the designers of integrated circuits such as microprocessors were building them by composing them from standard cell libraries that provided components such as registers and floating-point units that could be arranged on the chip and easily integrated to form a full processor. Now, multiple processor cores can be assembled on a single chip as components of larger systems.
Sense and nonsense in viral diagnosis--past, present, and future.

Although infectious diseases have been recognized since the beginning of history, and diagnoses have been made for thousands of years from clinical signs or autopsy examinations, the first use of the laboratory to assist in the recognition of viral diseases awaited the development of the necessary tools: the light microscope and immunologic systems which would detect minute amounts of antigens or antibodies. The first laboratory-based diagnosis of a viral disease can probably be attributed to a Scotsman, James Brown Buist, who in 1886 stained the lymph obtained from the skin lesions of patients with smallpox and saw with almost miraculous acuity “elementary bodies”, which he took to be the cause of the disease (Gordon 1937). He called these the spores of micrococci and estimated their size to be 150 nm. We now know that he was seeing the aniline-stained poxvirus particles and underestimated their diameter by at least a factor of 2. This was 6 years before the discovery of viruses, for it was only in 1892 that Ivanovskidescribed a transmissable, filterable agent as the cause of tobacco mosaic disease. Buist had not only pioneered in laboratory viral diagnosis but even in “rapid” viral diagnosis, since his technique could be completed in hours and he was using the simple but even today somewhat unorthodox approach of examining clinical specimens directly by microscopy.
Global Warming Potentials: 1. Climatic Implications of Emissions Reductions

The use of Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) to calculate ‘equivalent’ carbon dioxide emissions reductions in the climate change context is examined. We find that GWPs are accurate only for short time horizons. Over long time horizons their use implicitly leads to tradeoffs between near-term and long-term climate change. For one of the most policy-relevant cases, comparing reductions in methane and carbon dioxide, the long-term effect on climate of reducing methane emissions is relatively small, at variance with the common perception based on published GWP values.
Quantifying Subjective Well-Being Using Trends in Weekend Activity

The rise in popularity of physical activity trackers provides extensive opportunities for measuring personal health at scale. Coupled with renewed interest in the field of positive psychology, we aim to explore how the quantified self can inform us of well-being. In this paper, we examine Fitbit Charge HR data among a college cohort of 125 students who were measured for two academic years (56 weeks). We assess variations in step counts across a typical week through k-means clustering. From this, we observe a group of students whose step counts were highest during the weekend and a group with significantly fewer steps on weekends (t-test, p <.001). We found these trends stable: persisting across the two academic years measured. Students cluster location correlated to aspects indicating sociability and subjective well-being. We discuss the correlations between these traits and propose that weekend activity levels may serve as an measure for informing one's subjective well-being.
Hypothermia in Young Infants: Frequency and Yield of Sepsis Workup.

OBJECTIVES Serious bacterial infections (SBIs) in young infants can present with fever or hypothermia. There are substantial data on fever as a presentation for SBI that help to inform the clinical approach. In contrast, data on hypothermia are lacking, thus leaving clinicians without guidance. We aimed to describe the workup and findings, specifically the occurrence, of SBIs in infants younger than 60 days of life with hypothermia. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of infants younger than 60 days of life with rectal temperature of less than 36.5°C upon arrival to a children's hospital emergency department between January 2013 and December 2014. Comparisons were made between those who were found to have an SBI and those without. Serious bacterial infection was defined as bacteremia, bacterial meningitis, pneumonia, or urinary tract infection (UTI). RESULTS From the 414 patients identified, 104 (25%) underwent a sepsis evaluation of blood, urine, and/or cerebrospinal fluid culture. Serious bacterial infections were identified in 9 patients: 4 with UTI, 1 with pneumonia, 2 with bacteremia, 1 with pneumonia and UTI, and 1 with meningitis and bacteremia. Compared with patients with negative cultures, patients with SBI were older and had elevated absolute band counts and elevated immature-to-total neutrophil ratio. CONCLUSIONS Approximately a quarter of infants younger than 60 days with hypothermia were evaluated for SBI. Serious bacterial infection was identified in 9% of evaluated infants (2% of all hypothermic infants). Hypothermia can be a presenting sign of SBI.
Aspect Ratio Influence on Anchor Loss Using Rapid Analytical FEA Technique

Aspect ratio and its effect on quality factor and coupling factor in length-extensional resonators is analyzed through a rapid analytical/3D-FEA hybrid approach. The approach uses modal analysis to quickly solve for displacements at anchor points, a proxy for energy radiated out of the resonator. Results are compared to experimental data, explaining variations in quality factor from 100 to 2000 based on aspect ratio. Specific aspect ratios which mitigate anchor loss were found to occur for different material stacks, in this case a width to length ratio of 1.4 exhibits a peak in quality factor, in addition to increased coupling compared to extremely low width to length ratios. Flexure due to stack asymmetry limits this effect at higher harmonics. Methods to reduce anchor loss through tethering and acoustic reflectors can be used in parallel with this work to further reduce anchor loss.
Comparing rapid assessments of delay discounting with real and hypothetical rewards in children

Recent advances in assessment methodology have resulted in a highly efficient procedure for obtaining delay discounting rates for adults: a 5-trial adjusting delay task (ADT-5) examining intertemporal choice for hypothetical rewards. The low participant burden of this task makes it potentially useful for children, with whom delay discounting research is relatively limited. However, it is unknown whether results from this task match choice for real rewards. The present study assessed delay discounting for real and hypothetical monetary rewards using a modified ADT-5 with 9 children admitted to a psychiatric day treatment program. Participants completed up to 3 tasks with each reward type in alternating order. No difference in discounting rate, via log(k), was observed between the first task of each reward type. This finding was replicated across subsequent tasks for the subset of participants (n = 6) who completed all 6 tasks. However, delay discounting of real and hypothetical rewards was not found to be statistically equivalent. These results suggest that a modified ADT-5 using hypothetical rewards may be a viable option for assessing delay discounting in children with psychiatric diagnoses, but additional research is needed to explicitly examine whether hypothetical and real rewards are discounted equivalently in this population.
A developmental assessment of clinical reasoning in preclinical medical education.

Background: Clinical reasoning is an essential skill to be learned during medical education. A developmental framework for the assessment and measurement of this skill has not yet been described in...
Perception and the Genesis of the Subject

Since the immanence of life to matter excludes dualism, this chapter explains perception as the genesis of the subject through the display of a world reflecting its possible actions. Going against the sacrosanct view of realism and idealism making perception into a projection of subjective images and, by extension, against the phenomenological thesis of intentionality, Bergson advances the bold thesis that things are perceived where they are, and not in the brain or the mind. This means that perception is just selection and that the role of the brain is to retard the reactions of the body to selected stimuli. Hence the distinction between pure and concrete perception: it means that the selected portion develops into images as a result of the intervention of memory.
Dynamic Neural Representations: An Inferential Challenge for fMRI

Measures of brain activity with high temporal resolution have shown that the information represented in a single brain region undergoes dynamic changes on the scale of milliseconds. This dynamic process presents a unique inferential challenge to low temporal resolution neural measures, such as BOLD fMRI. Potential solutions for fMRI requiring further investigation and development are discussed.
Larval Movement of Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine larval movement of the spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura). Movement of larvae outside of the wild blueberry fruit (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) can occur after exhausting fruit food resources pri- or to completion of development or just prior to pupation. We found that when provided a choice larvae select moist compared to dry environments both in plastic arenas providing only filter paper for shelter and in a soil filled petri dishes. Movement was usually limited to less than 7.5 cm in the soil from a release point. An exponential decay model suggests that only 0.1% of a larval population will move as far as 17.5 cm. Results of our study suggest that while larvae move readily, they have minimal ability to avoid localized xeric soil micro-climatic conditions through movement. However, they will select less stressful moist soil environments.
Coding Success through Math Intervention in an Elementary School in Rural Amish Country

Coding in the elementary classroom is a relatively new movement in K-12 education that intends to engage young people in computer science and technology-related study. Coding initiatives focus on introducing young learners to coding and developing their computational thinking abilities. Coding helps enhance problem solving, mathematics skills, and higher-order thinking. Nevertheless, educators face many challenges with teaching coding at the elementary school level, because of the newness of computer science concepts and programming languages, gaps in student mathematics knowledge, use of technology, a relatively short attention span of young students and not fully developed reasoning, logic, and inferential skills among many others. This report describes how math interventions helped elementary school students in rural Amish Country become more successful with their coding activities.
The impact of physician specialty on general and bladder cancer-specific quality of life among patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer.

462Background: Treatment delivery for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) may involve general urologists, urologic oncologists or a multidisciplinary team that includes medical oncology and radia...