cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factor Content of Trade: Nonhomothetic Preferences and 'Missing Trade'

Recent empirical work has documented that the measured factor content of trade is too small compared to the theoretical prediction: missing trade. This misprediction may arise from the strong assumption that each country consumes services of factors in proportion to its share of world income. By incorporating nonhomothetic preferences into the model, this paper provides a simple resolution for the puzzle. The traditional Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek theorem consistently overpredicts factor content of trade compared to the model with nonhomothetic preferences. This result holds to the extent that income-elastic factors are on average abundant in rich countries and income-inelastic factors in poor countries.
Hepatic Lipase in the Rat Ovary: Ovaries cannot synthesize hepatic lipase but accumulate it from the circulation

Hepatic lipase is proposed to have a role in steroidogenesis through its involvement in the metabolism of high density lipoproteins. We examined the activity, synthesis, distribution, and uptake of this enzyme and assessed the content of its mRNA in luteinized ovaries. We found that during peak steroidogenesis, ovaries of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin-human chorionic gonadotropin-treated immature rats contained heparin-releasable hepatic lipase-like activity which was neutralized in a dose-dependent manner by purified antibodies to hepatic lipase isolated from post-heparin perfusates of rat livers. Quantitative immunoelectron microscopy revealed that ovarian hepatic lipase occurred along endothelial cells and was 3-fold more abundant in blood vessels of corpora lutea than those of stroma. However, hepatic lipase was not synthesized by the ovary since radiolabeled enzyme was not immunoisolated from the medium of dispersed luteinized granulosa cells incubated with [35S]methionine whereas it was present in the medium of control cells (hepatocytes). Similarly, hepatic lipase mRNA was detectable in liver but not ovaries or kidneys by Northern or slot blot analyses or by the polymerase chain reaction. Finally, 125I-labeled hepatic lipase injected into tail veins was quickly cleared from the systemic circulation, accumulating in liver, ovaries, kidneys, and spleen. Subsequent heparin injection caused rapid reappearance of radioactivity in the bloodstream and a marked decline of radiolabel in liver and ovaries but a modest decrease of that in kidneys and none in spleen. Exogenous 125I-bovine serum albumin also accumulated in all four organs but was not displaced from liver or ovaries by subsequent administration of heparin. Taken together, these data suggest that steroidogenically active ovaries possess but do not synthesize hepatic lipase. Instead, hepatic lipase originating elsewhere, presumably in the liver, is accumulated from the circulation at heparin-sensitive sites in ovarian blood vessels.
Ecological rhythms and the management of humid tropical forests: Examples from the Caribbean National Forest, Puerto Rico

A common premise in modern forest management is that land management should operate over large enough spatial and temporal scales that common natural disturbances are present and implicitly considered. Less emphasis has been focused on managing humid tropical forest ecosystems with the periodic ecological processes that occur between disturbances. The central premise of this paper is that timing management activities to periodic ecological processes that occur between disturbances is an additional prerequisite for the effective management of humid tropical forests. Ecological rhythms are defined here as biological or biogeochemical processes that have definable periodicities and include phenological, circadian, biogeochemical, and behavioral processes. The paper documents the use of ecological rhythms in the management of endangered species and water resources in the Caribbean National Forest of Northeastern Puerto Rico. While this type of dynamic management has proven benefits, managers and regulatory agencies have been hesitant to utilize complex, ecologically based dynamic management schedules because they can be difficult to monitor and regulate. Fortunately, recent technological advantages greatly increase the ability to conduct complex real-time, spatially explicit management. Identifying important ecological rhythms and developing administrative structures that can integrate them into management will be a major challenge in both tropical and temperate environments in the coming decades.
Individuating Fregean sense

While it is highly controversial whether Frege's criterion of sameness and difference for sense is true, it is relatively uncontroversial that that principle is inconsistent with Millian–Russellian views of content. I argue that this should not be uncontroversial. The reason is that it is surprisingly difficult to come up with an interpretation of Frege's criterion which implies anything substantial about the sameness or difference of content of anything.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Its Emerging Role in Oncology

Abstract Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a rapidly growing aspect of how patients respond to having cancer. CAM is not solely a set of clinical interventions, it is a broad social movement that seeks to recast the meaning of health and illness. Professionals in psychosocial oncology need such a perspective to truly understand why patients are turning toward CAM. CAM's appeal emerges from its five core beliefs: holism, vitalism, spirituality, a positive definition of health, and a distinctive view of the healing process. These five beliefs are well matched to how many people with cancer experience their bodies and illness, and they also form a coherent response to the difficulties many patients have when dealing with conventional medicine. Increasingly, some elements in conventional medicine are accepting of CAM. Hospital chains, managed care organizations, drug companies, and retailers of health care products are less likely to make sharp distinctions between CAM and conventional care. CAM...
Mania, cocaine, and rhabdomyolysis: a case report.

We present the case of recurrent rhabdomyolysis dur-ing untreated manic episodes complicated by concurrentcocaine use. Rhabdomyolysis is the rapid break downof striated muscle fibers, which can result in potentiallylife-threatening conditions, including hypovolemia, com-partment syndrome, arrhythmias and cardiac arrest, dis-seminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hepatic dys-function, acidosis, and acute renal failure.
Development and Structure of Bacterial Leaf Nodules in Psychotria bacteriophila Val. (Rubiaceae)

Abstract The development and mature structure of bacterial leaf nodules in Psychotria bacteriophila were studied by using light and electron microscopy. Bacteria in mucilage surrounding the shoot apex pass through certain stomates in leaf primordia into the substomatal chamber. These chambers enlarge and become nodules as the yound leaves grow out of the apical region. Surrounding mesophyll cells grow into each nodule and form a cellular reticulum whose interstices are occupied by bacteria. Each intrusive mesophyll cell wall is unusually thick and continually supplemented by vesicles originating from dictyosomes. The gram-negative bacteria are often surrounded by capsules. Nodule bacteria contain several crystal-like dense bodies. A population of normal, dividing, and degenerating bacteria is found in each nodule. Extensive membranes occur between the bacteria. A hypothesis is proposed to explain certain aspects of this obligate symbiotic relationship.
Education of Mathematically Talented Students in Hungary

Hungary is famous for its production of large numbers of highly talented mathematicians and physicists. This study explores the Hungarian system for educating mathematically talented secondary school students with the goal of identifying successful features that may be applicable to education in the United States. Highlights of the Hungarian approach include an emphasis on problem solving, problem posing, detailed explanation or proof for solutions, and development of mathematical creativity through the search for multiple solution paths.
Delays in request for pregnancy termination: comparison of patients in the first and second trimesters.

Abstract Background Despite the availability of first trimester abortion services in urban settings, many women request abortion in the second trimester. We identified protective and risk factors associated with women who delay requesting abortions until the second trimester. Study Design The study was a cross-sectional survey of 247 patients requesting surgical abortion at an urban family planning clinic. Survey and medical records data were analyzed for associations between 18 risk factors and incidence of second trimester request. Results Thirty-two percent of subjects presented in the second trimester. Chi-square analyses revealed that first trimester participants were more often employed (p Conclusions Physicians and advocates must strive to reduce abortion costs, increase access to trained surgeons, and allay women's fears of abortion procedures.
A first principles analysis of the electro-oxidation of CO over Pt(1 1 1)

Abstract First principle density functional theoretical calculations carried out within a constant potential half-cell formalism were used to model the electro-oxidation of CO over Pt(1 1 1). The method involves tuning the potential by the addition or removal of electrons from the system. The free energy for different adsorbed species within the double-layer is analyzed over a range of different potentials to establish the lowest energy states and the reaction energies that connect these states. The potentials are calculated based on a novel double-reference approach [J.S. Filhol, M. Neurock, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45 (2006) 402] discussed earlier. The potential-dependent reaction energies are reported for the elementary steps of water activation in the presence of co-adsorbed CO and CO oxidation over the model Pt(1 1 1) surface. The potential-dependent activation barriers are computed for the key elementary steps in CO oxidation to develop a detailed reaction energy profile as a function of electrode potential. The results suggest that the coupling of co-adsorbed CO and OH controls the rate. Water activation, however, is necessary to supply a critical coverage of the surface OH oxidant.
TRANSFORMATION OF RAT-1 FIBROBLASTS WITH THE V-SRC ONCOGENE INCREASES THE TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION STATE AND ACTIVITY OF THE ALPHA SUBUNIT OF GQ/G11

Abstract Two major intermediaries in signal transduction pathways are pp60v-sre family tyrosine kinases and heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. In Rat-1 fibroblasts transformed by the v-src oncogene, endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate accumulation is increased 6-fold, without any increases in the numbers of ET-1 receptors or in the response to another agonist, thrombin. This ET-1 hyperresponse can be inhibited by an antibody directed against the carboxyl terminus of the Gq/G11 alpha subunit, suggesting that the Gq/G11 protein couples ET-1 receptors to phospholipase C (PLC). While v-src transformation did not increase the expression of the Gq/G11 alpha subunit, immunoblotting with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies and phosphoamino acid analysis demonstrated that the Gq/G11 alpha subunit becomes phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in v-src-transformed cells. Moreover, when the Gq/G11 protein was extracted from control and transformed cell lines and reconstituted with exogenous PLC, AIF*4-stimulated Gq/G11 activity was markedly increased in extracts from v-src-transformed cells. Our results demonstrate that the process of v-src transformation can increase the tyrosine phosphorylation state of the Gq/G11 alpha-subunit in intact cells and that the process causes an increase in the Gq/G11 alpha-subunit's ability to stimulate PLC following activation with AIF-4.
Bioaugmentation for Treatment of Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid in Fractured Sandstone Blocks

Laboratory experiments were performed in discretely fractured sandstone blocks to evaluate the use of bioaugmentation to treat residual dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) tetrachloroethene (PCE). Significant dechlorination of PCE and growth of Dehalococcoides spp. (DHC) occurred within the fractures. DNAPL dissolution was enhanced during bioaugmentation by up to a factor of approximately 3.5, with dissolved PCE concentrations at or near aqueous solubility. The extent of dechlorination and DNAPL dissolution enhancement were dependent upon the fracture characteristics, residence time in the fractures, and dissolved concentration of PCE. No relationship was observed between planktonic DHC concentrations exiting the fracture and the observed extents of PCE dechlorination and DNAPL dissolution. Measured planktonic DHC concentrations exiting the fracture increased with increasing flow rate and bioaugmentation dosage, suggesting that these parameters may be important for distribution of DHC to treat dissolve...
Carbon nanotube based multiple spectrum infrared camera

Infrared (IR) cameras have wide range of applications, but high cost and low performance of its core component, IR detectors, prevent theirs broad usages in various fields. Motivated by this challenge, a carbon nanotube (CNT) based multiple spectrum IR camera was developed, which used nano-size CNT as the functional element of IR detectors, integrating into a novel camera architecture. CNT has exceptional optoelectronic properties owing to its one dimensional (1D) quantum confined structure. IR detectors using multi-wall CNT (MWCNT), comprising of CNTs with multiple diameters, demonstrated that they can effectively detect multiple-spectrum IR signals at room temperature, which is difficult for detectors using planar materials due to the high noise and single bandgap energy of bulk semiconductors. IR detectors using CNTs were assembled by bottom-up approaches, thus it is difficult to manufacture a large focal plane array as in conventional camera structure. In the new IR camera configuration, the image is projected onto a micro-mirror array, which encodes the image using compressive sensing algorithm. The encoded signals are captured by a single IR detector. Images were recovered by decoding the information obtained from the CNT detector. Experimental results showed that an IR image with 50×50 resolution can be recovered by only 800 times of measurement. This novel imaging architecture shows promising future in IR camera system.
Viral replication in chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is of much concern, especially in view of its sequelae: chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatoma. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of these late consequences is limited. What is the role of the HBV? To what extent does the host's immune system play a role? In this issue of Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Alberti and coworkers present good supportive data that an inverse relationship exists between viral replication and the severity of the liver disease in patients with HB~ antigenemia (1). The implication of this study is that the host's immune response is a major determinant of the severity of the liver disease. Patients with mild liver disease had the highest degree of HBV replication compared with those with more advanced liver disease. This work supports an autopsy study by N0woslawski et al, who also found that the severity of the liver disease in hepatiti s varied inversely with the detectable HB~Ag in hepatocytes (2). Thus in chronic HBV infection, the hepatocellular necrosis may be the result of the host's immune response to one of several antigens: normal hepatocellular components, modified normal surface membrane molecules, or newly made antigens specifically induced by HBV or other cellular events (3). In patients with advanced liver disease due to
Characterization of thin films on metals using proton- induced X-rays☆

Abstract The measurement of characteristic X-rays produced by proton bombardment of a solid surface is being used to provide quantitative compositional analyses of surface layers of metals. An integral X-ray yield equation was developed that quantitatively relates the experimentally measured X-ray yield to the thickness of thin films ranging from less than a monolayer to several thousand angstroms. The use of the equation is demonstrated for the growth of thin films through either vacuum evaporation or oxidation processes. The sensitivity of proton-induced X- ray emission (PIXE) for the measurement of very thin film growth kinetics is demonstrated from studies of the effect of fractional monolayer coverages of sulfur on the initial oxidation kinetics of iron. By combining PIXE with inert gas ion sputtering, quantitative composition-depth profiles of surface layers were obtained. Examples are presented for the profiling of iron samples implanted with 25 keV nickel ions and for a molten salt electrodeposited platinum coating on an Fe-5% Cr substrate.
Dot junction solar cells

A design of solar cells with reduced junction area on the cell surface is investigated for reduction of saturation current and increase in open‐circuit voltage. Equidiameter dot junctions distributed across the surface of the cell offer an efficient alternative, with variations in dot diameter and in the spacing between dots giving the required variations in the ratio of junction area to total surface area. A simplified analysis for short‐circuit current and other cell parameters, which enables cell design optimization, is presented. Experimental solar‐cell performance results, as functions of different area ratios, are presented and compared with the model. It is shown that saturation current reduction is possible for achieving efficiencies as high as 18% in flat‐plate terrestrial applications.
Membrane Structure of Vesiculotubular Complexes in Developing Axons in Rat Optic Nerve: Freeze--Fracture Evidence for Sequential Membrane Assembly

Intra-axonal vesiculotubular complexes, located within developing axons in the optic nerve of eight-day-old rats, were examined by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The clusters usually fill most of the cross section of the axon and extend for approximately 1 $\mu $m along the fibre axis. As seen in freeze--fracture, the E- and P-faces of the membranes comprising these clusters exhibit a paucity of intramembranous particles (i.m.ps). This i.m.p.-poor membrane structure is different from that of the axolemma per se, which contains i.m.p. densities of ca. 120 $\mu $m$^{-2}$ on the E-face and ca. 400 $\mu $m$^{-2}$ on the P-face. Since earlier studies indicate that the vesiculotubular complexes fuse with the axon membrane so as to contribute to membrane growth, it is suggested that axonal differentiation involves a sequential mode of membrane development, in which an initial growth of a relatively undifferentiated membrane bilayer is followed by in situ insertion of specialized proteins within specific membrane domains.
Damage to cultured lens epithelial cells of squirrels and rabbits by UV-A (99.9%) plus UV-B (0.1%) radiation and alpha tocopherol protection.

The purpose of this research is to observe the near-UV radiation induced damage to cultured rabbit and squirrel lens epithelial cells as related to destruction and alterations of specific biochemical targets in the cells and to determine protective effects on the cells and targets that are provided by alpha-tocopherol. Confluent monolayers of cultured rabbit and squirrel lens epithelial cells were exposed to black light (BL) lamps, which emit predominantly UV-A radiation. These cells received a mixture 3 J/cm2 of UV-A and 4 mJ/cm2 of UV-B per h. This mixture is termed near UVA (i.e.: predominantly UV-A). Cells were exposed in Tyrode's or in MEM without or with alpha-tocopherol added at 2.5-10 micrograms/ml. Analyses of cell viability and survival, the physical state of cytoskeletal actin, and the activities of Na-K-ATPase and catalase were made. Exposure to near UVA damaged these cells as measured by vital staining and colony forming ability. Pretreatment with alpha-tocopherol decreased the magnitude of near UVA cytotoxicity. Near UVA exposure in MEM always produced more damage to the cells and biochemical targets than in Tyrode's. Cytoskeletal actin was degraded and the activities of Na-K-ATPase and catalase were markedly inhibited by UV-exposure. All of these targets were at least partially protected by alpha-tocopherol in the medium. Without alpha-tocopherol added to the media, the viability and survival of the cells did not recover even after 25 h of incubation. Cell viability was better protected from near UVA by alpha-tocopherol than was the ability to grow into colonies. This indicates that alpha-tocopherol protects actin, catalase, and Na-K-ATPase from near UVA damage.
Estimating weaning and early childhood diet from serial micro-samples of dentin collagen

Age of weaning is an important measure of parental investment, and in various human and non-human primate studies, has been correlated with a range of developmental factors such as stature, cognitive functions, obesity, ability to cope with stress, and rates of disease. Archaeological estimation of the weaning process is generally at the level of an entire burial population, creating some challenges in using such data to test anthropological theory. We describe a method that tracks the weaning process at the individual level, based on the measurement of stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in serial sections of first molar dentin collagen. We apply this micro-sampling technique to a sample of individuals from CA-CCO-548, a well-studied and ancient site on the banks of Marsh Creek in Central California. Results show great variation between individuals in both the length of the weaning process, the age at which breastfeeding stopped, and the source of early complementary childhood foods.
On competitive on-line algorithms for the dynamic priority-ordering problem

Abstract The vertices of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) are correctly prioritized if every vertex v in the graph is assigned a priority, denoted by priority ( v ), such that if there is an edge in the DAG from vertex v to vertex w then priority ( v ) priority ( w ). The dynamic priority-ordering problem is to maintain a correct prioritization of the graph as the DAG is modified. We show that the Alpern et al. algorithm for this problem does not have a constant competitive ratio , where the cost of the algorithm is measured in terms of the number of primitive priority-manipulation operations. The proof shows that there exists no algorithm for the problem that has a constant competitive ratio , as long as the allowed primitive priority-manipulation operations satisfy a simple property. The proof also shows that there exists no algorithm for the problem of maintaining a topological-sort ordering that has a constant competitive ratio.
Co-chairman's remarks: reverse genetics: directed modification of DNA for functional analysis.

Abstract The classic paradigm for identifying the genetic basis of a particular organism's properties proceeds from the phenotype to the gene, and thence to the molecular structures of the corresponding DNA, RNA and protein. ‘Positional cloning’ of disease genes and the molecular characterization of the responsible mutations (inappropriately referred to as reverse genetics, initially) exemplifies this approach. Now, the ability to clone, modify and test the biological activities of DNA segments provides a new approach, referred to as ‘reverse genetics’. This paradigm begins with a segment of DNA whose molecular structure is known, and proceeds to explore the gene's contribution to the organism's phenotype; thus, the experimental path is from the gene as a nucleotide sequence to the corresponding phenotypic characteristic. Such a strategy follows from the ability to modify these sequences in highly directed and nearly unlimited ways, and to assess the phenotypic relevance of such alterations either in vitro, in cultured cells, or even in whole organisms. This approach permits the full panoply of molecular techniques to be used for creating uniquely altered structures and obviates the reliance on chance events as the source of mutations. As a consequence, the range of questions that can be studied is greatly expanded, and the information that is obtained is all the richer.
Alternative energy for embryonic stem cell research

The ethical concerns regarding the destruction of human life outweigh the potential benefits of producing new embryo-derived cell lines
Simulating Four Essential Conversations with Hematology/Oncology Trainees: a Qualitative Evaluation.

Hematologists/oncologists have a crucial responsibility to effectively communicate with patients. However, they have been criticized for ineffective communication with patients. To develop effective communication behaviors that meet the needs of patients and families, trainees need practice and feedback about their performance. Medical faculties frequently teach communication skills using simulation-based curricula; however, they often include only general communication skills, without tailored approaches for specialties. This study examined Hematology/Oncology trainees’ qualitative perceptions about the value of and techniques used for simulations of specialty specific, essential conversations with patients and families, and debriefing sessions. Results demonstrate a highly effective curriculum and positive learner experiences. While most reports on this topic take place within major academic cancer centers, outcomes from a mid-sized Hematology/Oncology training program are unknown. The study confirms feasibility for implementing a simulation-based communications program in a mid-sized Hematology/Oncology program and describes simulation techniques that were effective.
Effects of slurry properties on anode cermets for solid oxide fuel cells

Abstract The influence of the initial slurry properties on the resulting Ni-YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) cermet structure that constitutes the solid oxide fueld cell anode has been examined. Rheological study of the slurry has been conducted as a function of powder concentration. The powder consisted of Ni (80 wt.%) and YSZ (20 wt.%) particles, and the slurry was prepared by mixing the powders in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. This suspension was shown to be pseudoplastic without a yield point and a model based on the Ostwald-de Waele power law has been developed. Porous structures resulting from slurry coating, sintering and infiltration were examined utilizing microprobe, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray techniques. The resulting structure was shown to be inadequate when the slurry suspensions contained less than 12 or more than 13 vol. % of the powders.
Exogenous mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) infection induces endogenous MMTV sag expression

The mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) superantigen (Sag) protein is involved in the transmission of milk-borne MMTV from virus-infected milk in the gut to the target mammary gland tissue. Using an RT–PCR assay forin vivoMMTV infection, BALB/c or C3H mice nursed on C3H MMTV-infected mothers showedsagmRNA expression in intestine, spleen, and thymus as early as 1 day after infection, whereas uninfected BALB/c control animals had approximately 10- to 30-fold lowersagexpression. Further fractionation experiments with small intestine indicated thatsagexpression occurred in gut-associated lymphoid cells. Restriction enzyme digestion of PCR products indicated that thesagmRNA detected was derived from the endogenous MMTVs, and sequencing analysis confirmed that the PCR products were derived from endogenousMtv-6.Expression of C3H-specific mRNA was detectable in BALB/cfC3H or C3H tissues by RNase protection or by RT–PCR. Endogenous MMTVsagexpression was low in spleen and undetectable in thymocytes of C3H MMTV-infected C57BL/6 mice, a strain resistant to C3H MMTV tumorigenesis and defective for MHC class II I-E molecules. The RT–PCR assay forsagmRNA appears to measure the Sag-induced stimulation previously predicted for milk-borne MMTV infection. Together these data suggest that exogenous MMTVsagexpression is minimal, but sufficient to rapidly stimulate transcription of endogenous MMTVsagmRNA in B- and T-cells in an MHC class II I-E-dependent manner. The endogenoussagexpression on maternal lymphocytes may increase the number of proliferating T-cells available for milk-borne MMTV infection.
Regulation of T cell function by the ubiquitin-specific protease USP9X via modulating the Carma1-Bcl10-Malt1 complex

The ubiquitin conjugation system plays an important role in immune regulation; however, the ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) that carry out deubiquitination of cellular substrates are poorly understood. Here we show that in vivo knockdown of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP9X attenuates T-cell proliferation. In addition, naive CD4+ T cells from USP9X knockdown chimeric mice display decreased cytokine production and T helper cell differentiation in vitro, which we confirmed in vivo by performing adoptive transfer of transgenic T cells and subsequent immunization. USP9X silencing in both a human T-cell line and mouse primary T cells reduced T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling-induced NF-κB activation. Mechanistically, USP9X interacts with Bcl10 of the Carma1-Bcl10-Malt1 (CBM) complex and removes the TCR-induced ubiquitin chain from Bcl10, which facilitates the association of Carma1 with Bcl0-Malt1. These results demonstrate that USP9X is a crucial positive regulator of the TCR signaling pathway and is required for T-cell function through the modulation of CBM complex formation.
Drug-induced biochemical markers of cancer in cervical carcinoma cells

The elevation in the serum level of CEA in cancer patients undergoing treatment with 5-FU and other antitumor drugs has been reported. In the present study, the ectopic synthesis of multiple carcinoplacental markers has been observed to be induced (10- to 264-fold) simultaneously in the same cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa65, HeLa71 and HeLa2.2) by hydroxyurea and sodium butyrate. Among the drug-induced biochemical markers observed in HeLa cells are four sialopeptides. Regan Isoenzyme (Placental Isoenzyme of Alkaline Phosphatase), HCT-Beta, FSH-Beta, HCG-Alpha and also a steroid hormone, Progesterone. The peptide and steroid hormones were quantitated by specific radioimmunoassays (RIA), in cultured cells, media, and homogenates of tumor tissues. The induction of biochemical markers was observed also with lung carcinoma cells. That multiple polypeptides, or steroids regulated by them, are simultaneously inducible in the same cancer cells, suggest the proximity on the DNA strand of several oncofetal and oncoplacental genes derepressed by antineoplastic drugs. This fundamental study has had important clinical ramifications. The results may be used to recognize the retention by cancer patients of occult malignancy after radiotherapy or surgery. The unsuspected metastasis may be reflected by a transient rise in the serum level of these markers during chemotherapy with anticancer drugs, which specifically inhibit DNA replication without interfering with the transcription of messenger-RNA and subsequent translation of proteins. The drug-induced protein-hormones, observed in this study, are the products of activated trophoblastic/pituitary genes in the nondividing DNA of neoplastic cells.
Adaptive, single crystal holographic interferometer and applications

Application of real time interferometry to NDT of the most vital parts of mechanical constructions in machinery is one of the challenging problems of contemporary engineering. The basic principle of interferometric methods is based on non-contact sensing of displacements which leads to visualization of defects, visualization of vibrated modes and stresses. In real engineering constructions almost all monitored objects have diffusely reflective surfaces, which are non mirror-like. Unfortunately a small interference contrast of diffusely reflective surfaces using contemporary interferometric technique inhibits applications of these methods to NDT. The most contemporary potentially powered method of electronic holography EH produced low contrast interferogram of diffusely reflective objects (Fig.1). It needs special algorithms, software, and time processing to improve the contrast of interference fringes. The real time monitoring, which based on surface displacements measurements under high energy impact such as laser shout, ballistic problems in military, etc. needs high contrast, real time metrology. The interferometric technique of highly effective dynamical grating has been proposed in continuous hologram development regime for monitoring of diffusely reflective objects in the real time.
Identification of Viable Myocardium

In recent years, diagnostic testing to evaluate the presence and extent of viable but dysfunctional myocardium has become an important component of the clinical assessment of patients with chronic CAD and LV dysfunction. It is well established that impaired LV function in such patients is not always an irreversible process related to previous myocardial infarction, because LV function may improve considerably after myocardial revascularization procedures.1 2 3 4 5 6 The mechanism for this improvement in systolic function remains a matter of uncertainty and debate because the underlying processes responsible for reversible contractile dysfunction are often difficult to ascertain in patients, and the development of animal models of chronic reversible dysfunction has been disappointing to date. Restoration of blood flow to chronically underperfused myocardium may lead to the functional recovery of hibernating myocardium,1 3 5 whereas revascularization of myocardium with adequate perfusion at rest but with recurrent ischemic episodes during stress may successfully reverse persistent contractile dysfunction caused by repetitive stunning.7 8 9 10 Although the terms “hibernation” and “stunning” represent uniquely different pathophysiological processes with distinct definitions, in clinical circumstances the boundaries between stunning and hibernation are often indistinct. It is likely that both hibernation and repetitive stunning do occur clinically and contribute to ischemic LV dysfunction. Moreover, both processes may occur in the same patient and even coexist in the same myocardial region. Given the critical balance between reduced perfusion, reduced function, and reduced coronary flow reserve in the hibernating myocardium, some myocardial regions that are hibernating at rest may develop ischemia during exercise with a subsequent process of postischemic stunning superimposed on the baseline hibernating state. Thus, the clarity with which chronic LV dysfunction can be defined as hibernation, repetitive stunning, or a combination of the two processes is limited. On the other hand, …
Superconductive energy storage for diurnal use by electric utilities

A summary report of a five-year study of superconductive energy storage for electric utility systems is presented, Conceptual designs over that period have all been for one layer solenoids of aluminum-NbTi composite conductors cooled to 1.8 K in superfluid helium, The solenoids are mounted underground in bedrock in one or more tunnels. The two preferred designs in 1980 are: a 15 tunnel solenoid arranged in a circular pattern and a large radius single tunnel solenoid. The electrical energy storage efficiency in all cases is 95 to 96%.
The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) is Even More Valid than We Thought: A New Development in Meta-Analysis and its Implications for the Validity of the GMAT

Recent research in the field of meta-analysis has provided a procedure of improved accuracy to correct for range restriction, which allows for more accurate calibrations of the validities of various admission and selection tools. For illustrative purposes, we reanalyzed the database meta-analyzed by Kuncel, Crede´ , and Thomas (2007) on the validity of the GMAT and found that the validity of the GMAT has been underestimated by 7% due to the application of suboptimal range-restriction corrections. These findings have important implications for both researchers and practitioners in the field of education and learning, who should choose and use the most accurate methods available in an effort to accurately estimate validity and to ensure educational resources are targeted at those most likely to benefit.
Using Temporal Indicator Functions with Generalized Linear Models for Spatial-Temporal Event Prediction

Abstract A significant amount of research and practice in the law enforcement arena focuses on spatial and temporal event analysis. And although some efforts have been made to integrate spatial and temporal analysis, the majority of the previous work focuses on either a spatial or temporal analysis. This research adds temporal and neighborhood indicator functions to a feature-space based Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to identify patterns both spatially and temporally within an actor's site selection criteria. The development of this hybrid GLM methodology improves event forecasting accuracy and offers better insight for law enforcement resource allocation. We use a surveillance plot to compare model performance across a space-time surface using both simulated and real-world crime data. The enhanced GLM is compared against both simulated data and criminal incidents collected from police reporting. Initial results show that considering a GLM with temporal indicators provides a computationally efficient and sufficiently accurate alternative to similar methods, such as kernel density and hierarchical models.
Reducing FLI1 levels in the MRL/lpr lupus mouse model impacts T cell function by modulating glycosphingolipid metabolism.

Systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease caused, in part, by abnormalities in cells of the immune system including B and T cells. Genetically reducing globally the expression of the ETS transcription factor FLI1 by 50% in two lupus mouse models significantly improves disease measures and survival through an unknown mechanism. In this study we analyze the effects of reducing FLI1 in the MRL/lpr lupus prone model on T cell function. We demonstrate that adoptive transfer of MRL/lpr Fli1+/+ or Fli1+/- T cells and B cells into Rag1-deficient mice results in significantly decreased serum immunoglobulin levels in animals receiving Fli1+/- lupus T cells compared to animals receiving Fli1+/+ lupus T cells regardless of the genotype of co-transferred lupus B cells. Ex vivo analyses of MRL/lpr T cells demonstrated that Fli1+/- T cells produce significantly less IL-4 during early and late disease and exhibited significantly decreased TCR-specific activation during early disease compared to Fli1+/+ T cells. Moreover, the Fli1+/- T cells expressed significantly less neuraminidase 1 (Neu1) message and decreased NEU activity during early disease and significantly decreased levels of glycosphingolipids during late disease compared to Fli1+/+ T cells. FLI1 dose-dependently activated the Neu1 promoter in mouse and human T cell lines. Together, our results suggest reducing FLI1 in lupus decreases the pathogenicity of T cells by decreasing TCR-specific activation and IL-4 production in part through the modulation of glycosphingolipid metabolism. Reducing the expression of FLI1 or targeting the glycosphingolipid metabolic pathway in lupus may serve as a therapeutic approach to treating lupus.
Political Attitude Research in the Arab World: Emerging Opportunities

This essay describes two very different survey projects that investigate the political attitudes, values, and behavior patterns of ordinary men and women in the Arab world. One is the Arab Democracy Barometer, an American-Arab collaborative project being carried out in five countries. The other is a survey in Palestine conducted as part of the fieldwork for a doctoral dissertation. These projects illustrate the emerging opportunities for political attitude research in the Arab world. The essay begins, however, with a brief reflection on the history of political surveys in the Arab world, which is necessary to appreciate the significance of the opportunities now emerging.
Agronomic and Seed Traits of 1%-Linolenate Soybean Genotypes

An oil from soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars with 20 g kg -1 ). Three backcross populations were developed by crossing three high-yielding, recurrent parents with 25 g kg -1 linolenate to a donor line with 13 g kg -1 linolenate. For each population, 27 1%- and 27 2%-linolenate BC 1 F 2:4 lines were evaluated at Ames, Grand Junction, and Hubbard, IA during 1998. The mean seed yields of the 1%-linolenate lines were 47 kg ha -1 lower in Population 1, 65 kg ha -1 lower in Population 2, and 164 kg ha -1 lower in Population 3 than the 2%-linolenate lines, but the difference was only significant in Population 3. The maximum mean differences between the 1%- and 2%-linolenate lines in any of the populations for the remaining agronomic and seed traits were 1 d for maturity, 0.1 score for lodging, 2 cm for plant height, 4 mg seed -1 for seed weight, 5 g kg -1 each for protein and oil content, 0.6 g kg -1 for palmitate, 2.2 g kg -1 for stearate, 16.4 g kg -1 for oleate, and 6.8 g kg -1 for linoleate. The lack of major differences between the 1%- and 2%-linolenate lines indicated that it should be possible to develop acceptable cultivars with <20 g kg -1 linolenate.
Consecutive gonadotropin-releasing hormone-antagonist in vitro fertilization cycles: does the elapsed time interval between successive treatments affect outcomes?

Objective To determine whether patients who failed an in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle can proceed with a subsequent IVF cycle after waiting only one menstrual cycle, or whether there is a benefit to allowing two or more menstrual cycles to elapse before proceeding. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) All patients undergoing IVF cycles at The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, from January 1, 2002 to November 1, 2011, in whom two consecutive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-antagonist IVF cycles with identical stimulation protocols took place 35–140 days apart, excluding patients in whom the first cycle resulted in a clinical pregnancy. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) IVF outcomes were compared for 164 patients who initiated a cycle after waiting only one menstrual cycle (35–55 days from previous oocyte retrieval) versus 557 patients waiting two or more menstrual cycles (56–140 days) from their last retrieval before proceeding with their successive cycle start, stratifying for age. Result(s) No differences were detected regarding E 2 response, oocyte yield, fertilization, or embryo development when comparing patients waiting only one cycle with those waiting two or more cycles, nor were those parameters different when comparing patients' index cycles with their immediate preceding failed cycles. Moreover, clinical outcomes regarding clinical pregnancy, live birth, and cycle cancellation were similar between both study groups. Conclusion(s) Delaying successive IVF cycle start for two or more menstrual cycles likely offers no advantage over pursuing repeated IVF after one menstrual cycle.
Regenerative engineering and bionic limbs

Amputations of the upper extremity are severely debilitating, current treatments support very basic limb movement, and patients undergo extensive physiotherapy and psychological counselling. There is no prosthesis that allows the amputees near-normal function. With increasing number of amputees due to injuries sustained in accidents, natural calamities and international conflicts, there is a growing requirement for novel strategies and new discoveries. Advances have been made in technological, material and in prosthesis integration where researchers are now exploring artificial prosthesis that integrate with the residual tissues and function based on signal impulses received from the residual nerves. Efforts are focused on challenging experts in different disciplines to integrate ideas and technologies to allow for the regeneration of injured tissues, recording on tissue signals and feed-back to facilitate responsive movements and gradations of muscle force. A fully functional replacement and regenerative or integrated prosthesis will rely on interface of biological process with robotic systems to allow individual control of movement such as at the elbow, forearm, digits and thumb in the upper extremity. Regenerative engineering focused on the regeneration of complex tissue and organ systems will be realized by the cross-fertilization of advances over the past thirty years in the fields of tissue engineering, nanotechnology, stem cell science, and developmental biology. The convergence of toolboxes crated within each discipline will allow interdisciplinary teams from engineering, science, and medicine to realize new strategies, mergers of disparate technologies, such as biophysics, smart bionics, and the healing power of the mind. Tackling the clinical challenges, interfacing the biological process with bionic technologies, engineering biological control of the electronic systems, and feed-back will be the important goals in regenerative engineering over the next two decades.
Immune Tolerance After Total Lymphoid Irradiation for Heart Transplantation: Immunosuppressant-free Survival for 8 Years

A 51-year-old African American man underwent orthotopic heart transplantation in 1995 for post-viral cardiomyopathy. Refractory rejection occurred, and he subsequently required total lymphoid irradiation to prevent further rejection. Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex developed in 2000, and the patient decided to discontinue all drugs after the antibiotics caused intolerable medication side effects. The patient did not subsequently die of rejection, and he was discovered to have profound suppression of several lymphocytes subsets, presumably from the previous total lymphoid irradiation. This induced immunotolerance appears to have enabled his prolonged immunosuppressant-free survival.
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE ON ORIENTED PLATINUM-195m IN IRON

The magnetic hyperfine splitting of $^{195m}\mathrm{Pt}(\mathrm{Fe})$ was determined by the technique of nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented nuclei as $\frac{\ensuremath{\mu}H}{\mathrm{hI}}=89.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$ MHz. With additional $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray anisotropy data for the 129- and 99-keV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays, we derived the spin, $I=\frac{13}{2}$, and the magnetic moment of the isomeric state, $\ensuremath{\mu}(\frac{13}{2})=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}(0.597\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015){\ensuremath{\mu}}_{N}$, as well as the $\frac{E2}{M1}$ mixing ratio of the 99-keV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ transition, $\ensuremath{\delta}=\ensuremath{-}0.16\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$.
Interpreting "Nationality" and "Language" in the 2001 Ukrainian Census

Ukraine conducted its first post-Soviet census in December 2001. The author examines the use of the categories "nationality" and "native language" in the census and relates them to fundamental precepts of Soviet nationality and census policies. The enumeration of national and linguistic identities is related to the expression of political preferences. Orientations toward language policies (particularly in Galicia and Crimea), regional autonomy (in Transcarpathia), and territorial belonging (among the younger generation) are analyzed in order to reveal the politics of the 2001 Ukrainian census.