cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the dominance of local control and the sources of regional control in the assembly of a metacommunity

To understand the relative roles of local and regional processes in structuring local communities, and to compare sources of dispersal, we studied plant species composition in the context of a field experiment in vernal pool community assembly. In 1999, we constructed 256 vernal pools in a grid surrounding a group of over 60 naturally occurring reference pools. Each constructed pool received a seeding or control treatment. Seeding treatments involved several “focal species” native to vernal pools in this region. Earlier analyses identified local habitat quality (pool depth) and pool history (seeding treatment) as strong predictors of local species composition. For the current analysis, we asked how connectivity among pools might enhance models of focal species presence and cover within pools, using long-term data from control pools and from unseeded transects within a stratified random sample of all constructed pools. We fitted connectivity models for each of four focal species, and compared the relative ...
Effect of inhaled ozone on exhaled nitric oxide, pulmonary function, and induced sputum in normal and asthmatic subjects.

BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) may have a role in the pathophysiology of tissue injury in response to inhaled ozone in animals. METHODS A double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study was undertaken to investigate the effects of inhaled ozone in 10 normal and 10 atopic asthmatic volunteers. Subjects were exposed to 200 ppb ozone or clean air for four hours with intermittent exercise, followed by hourly measurement of spirometric parameters and exhaled NO for four hours. Nasal NO and methacholine reactivity were measured and exhaled breath condensate and induced sputum samples were collected four and 24 hours after exposure. RESULTS Exposure to ozone caused a fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) of 7% in normal subjects (p CONCLUSIONS Exposure to 200 ppb ozone leads to a neutrophil inflammatory response in normal and asthmatic subjects but no changes in exhaled NO or nitrite levels.
A Political-Ecological Analysis of Income Inequality in the Metropolitan Area:

This empirical analysis updates and broadens the work done by Logan and Schneider on 1960 and 1970 data (Urban Affairs Quarterly, March 1982). In an analysis of 1980 non-central-city/central-city i...
Random Features for Large-Scale Kernel Machines

To accelerate the training of kernel machines, we propose to map the input data to a randomized low-dimensional feature space and then apply existing fast linear methods. The features are designed so that the inner products of the transformed data are approximately equal to those in the feature space of a user specified shift-invariant kernel. We explore two sets of random features, provide convergence bounds on their ability to approximate various radial basis kernels, and show that in large-scale classification and regression tasks linear machine learning algorithms applied to these features outperform state-of-the-art large-scale kernel machines.
A Multidimensional Assessment of a Batterer Treatment Program: an Alert to a Problem?:

This study’s goals were to (a) evaluate a batterer intervention program by investigating changes in psychological variables related to abuse (i.e., truthfulness, violence, lethality, control, substance use, and coping abilities) between pretreatment and posttreatment assessments of men involuntarily placed in treatment and (b) investigate the differential effectiveness of this same program for African American and Caucasian batterers. Arrest records were also evaluated 12 months following treatment completion to determine the association between changes on these psychological variables and recidivism. The study employed a secondary analysis of 76 treatment completers randomly selected from a larger pool of 184 men. Analysis failed to provide empirical support for the contention that both African American and Caucasian batterers would demonstrate significant changes in the desired direction on psychological variables related to violence as a result of participation in a treatment program. Implications of t...
Isolation and Characterization of Three Streptococcus pneumoniae Transformation-Specific Loci by Use of a lacZ Reporter Insertion Vector

Although more than a dozen new proteins are produced when Streptococcus pneumoniae cells become competent for genetic transformation, only a few of the corresponding genes have been identified to date. To find genes responsible for the production of competence-specific proteins, a random lacZ transcriptional fusion library was constructed in S. pneumoniae by using the insertional lacZ reporter vector pEVP3. Screening the library for clones with competence-specific beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) production yielded three insertion mutants with induced beta-Gal levels of about 4, 10, and 40 Miller units. In all three clones, activation of the lacZ reporter correlated with competence and depended on competence-stimulating peptide. Chromosomal loci adjacent to the integrated vector were subcloned from the insertion mutants, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Genes at two of the loci exhibited strong similarity to parts of Bacillus subtilis com operons. One locus contained open reading frames (ORFs) homologous to the comEA and comEC genes in B. subtilis but lacked a comEB homolog. A second locus contained four ORFs with homology to the B. subtilis comG gene ORFs 1 to 4, but comG gene ORFs 5 to 7 were replaced in S. pneumoniae with an ORF encoding a protein homologous to transport ATP-binding proteins. Genes at all three loci were confirmed to be required for transformation by mutagenesis using pEVP3 for insertion duplications or an erm cassette for gene disruptions.
Single user random beamforming in Gaussian MIMO broadcast channels

This paper proposes a new transmitting scheme for a multi-antenna (MIMO) Gaussian broadcast channel. The transmitter exploits multiuser diversity using a small amount of feedback information from the receivers. The feedback information consists of the maximum achievable rate for each user and the necessary power distribution profile across the spatial dimensions that the transmitter should use to achieve that rate. The receivers use the iterative water-filling algorithm to maximize the achievable rate. The new scheme serves a single user at each transmission, hence the name single user random beamforming (SUBF) scheme. The proposed scheme maximizes the average sum rate under a TDMA environment (i.e., supporting a single user at a time) with the partial channel state information (CSI) feedback constraint.
Pressure ulcer prevention as an indicator of nursing care quality: A comment on Jull and Griffiths (2010)

In their editorial Jull and Griffiths (2010) discuss pressure ulcer prevention as an indicator of nursing care quality. The cautionary note includes remarks on pressure ulcer risk assessment tools, pressure ulcer prevention strategies and the application of pressure ulcer rates as a quality indicator. The authorsmake a number of important remarks. However we would like to add our view on these issues which is based on our experience in developing, collecting, reporting and conducting research with nursing quality data – including pressure ulcers – for the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) in the US.
Latino/a bilinguals and their teachers developing a shared communicative space

In this study, a temporal analysis and the analytical category of intersubjectivity are used to investigate how teachers and Latino/a bilingual students constructed shared communicative spaces in group mathematical discussions in an after school mathematics program in a culturally, linguistically, and economically diverse primary school. Intersubjectivity refers to the “common ground” or “shared understandings” that participants achieve through dialogue around joint activity, such as solving and discussing mathematical problems. Understanding how participants achieve intersubjectivity in mathematical discussion requires a temporal analysis, which includes attention to how particular instances of intersubjectivity have a history in previous interactions and a future in related activity. Using two illustrative cases, this study traced the histories and futures of the students’ shared understandings, or intersubjetivities, across time. Findings highlight the importance of intersubjectivity as a catalyzer of a range of linguistic, cultural, and material resources, including Spanish and English, multiple representations, gestures, revoicing, and inscriptions, to help participants to attune to one another’s understandings and further their intersubjectivity. These shared understandings were sometimes facilitated by divergent interpretations or confusions that teachers and students in ethical, emotional, respectful ways managed to address.
Tissue expansion: a unit review of non-scalp, non-breast expansion

The results in 76 tissue expansions of sites other than the breast and scalp in 56 patients are presented. The overall failure rate was 12%, being particularly high in the arm (31%) and low in the leg (0%). Details of the technique used and their relevance to success are discussed.
Best practices for teaching the “whole” adult ESL learner

Based on adult second-language acquisition research and whole-language principles, this chapter describes some best practices for teaching adults in ESL classrooms.
Analysis of measurement based prioritization schemes for handovers in cellular networks

A performance analysis of the first-in first-out (FIFO) and the priority queueing schemes, in comparison to the simple call handling scheme where there is no queuing, is presented. All analytical results are verified by simulation studies of the three schemes. With queuing of handovers, if all channels are occupied, new calls are blocked and handover requests are queued so that as soon as a channel is available, it is offered a handover request in the queue; new calls are blocked until the queue of handovers is emptied. In the priority queueing scheme, the mobile subscriber with the highest instantaneous priority is served first. The results indicate that the priority queueing scheme provides lower probability of forced termination and call blocking than FIFO queuing. >
Corporate Social Responsibility and Shareholder Value: The Environmental Consciousness of Investors

This study examines whether shareholders are sensitive to corporations' environmental footprint. Specifically, we conduct an event study around the announcement of corporate news related to environment for all U.S. publicly-traded companies from 1980 to 2009. We find that companies that are reported to behave responsibly towards the environment experience a significant stock price increase, whereas firms that behave irresponsibly face a significant stock price decrease. When we examine how the stock market reaction has evolved over the past three decades, we find that punishment for corporate irresponsible behavior has increased, while the reward for responsible behavior has decreased. These results indicate that, over time, shareholders have become more conscious of the environment and also more demanding towards companies' environmental responsibility.
Qualitative research: Advancing the science and practice of hospitality

A good way to explore the full dimensions of a problem is to examine it first hand, with fieldbased, qualitative research—using a collaboration between a practitioner and a researcher.
Harnessing the Power of Social Interaction Technologies

As the popularity of social media continues to escalate, participatory modes of content production symbolize an important shift from the user vs. producer paradigm to the social production of content. Participatory media outlets such as blogs, photo and video sharing services, and online social networks are revolutionizing the way people create, consume, distribute, and use media. These interactive spaces are powered by social interaction technologies (SIT), which have been defined as a new generation of Internet-based tools and techniques designed to initiate, share, and maintain interactive and collaborative activities online. Much of the focus of the present issue is on active user involvement in technologically mediated environments enabled by SIT, and the ways society can harness the power of technology for value creation, learning, citizen engagement, bottom-up grassroots initiatives, and collaboration.
Sharing and reproducing database applications

Sharing and repeating scientific applications is crucial for verifying claims, reproducing experimental results (e.g., to repeat a computational experiment described in a publication), and promoting reuse of complex applications. The predominant methods of sharing and making applications repeatable are building a companion web site and/or provisioning a virtual machine image (VMI). Recently, application virtualization (AV), has emerged as a light-weight alternative for sharing and efficient repeatability. AV approaches such as Linux Containers create a chroot-like environment [4], while approaches such as CDE [1] trace system calls during application execution to copy all binaries, data, and software dependencies into a self-contained package.
Immunohistochemical localization of rat angiotensin II AT1 receptor

To study receptors for angiotensin II, polyclonal rabbit anti-peptide antisera were prepared against the peptide QDDCPKAGRHC corresponding to amino acids 15-24 of the rat AT1A and AT1B receptors. Western analysis of rat tissues showed a major band of approximately 43 kDa. The antisera immunoprecipitated AT1-receptor protein produced in vitro. Immunohistochemical analysis of rat tissues showed intense staining of arterial and arteriolar smooth muscle. Other tissues that contained AT1-receptor protein included hepatocytes, the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland, and the smooth muscle of the bronchus, gut, ureter, and epididymis. In the kidney, intense staining was observed in all small arteries and arterioles. Both afferent and efferent arterioles contain approximately equal intensities of immunoreactive AT1 protein. The inner stripe of the outer medulla has a moderate level of receptors within thick ascending limb epithelium. Proximal tubular epithelium also expresses receptor protein. Glomerular immunoreactive AT1 protein is found within mesangial cells and varies in intensity among different rat strains. Lewis and Wistar rats demonstrated moderate glomerular staining, whereas the CD and Sprague-Dawley strains showed lesser levels of reactivity. The fact that glomerular mesangial cells are the primary locus of angiotensin II action within the glomerulus.
Descriptions of the Immature Stages of Bruchomorpha oculata with Notes on Laboratory Rearing

The immature stages of Bruchomorpha oculata Newman are described. This species was reared on grass clippings under a 16L:8D photoperiod and constant temperature of 23°C. The incubation period averaged 18.8 days. Durations of the five nymphal stadia were 11.1, 8.8, 7.9, 8.8, and 12.5 days, respectively.
Bone marrow and lymph node findings in a fatal case of Kawasaki's disease

Since the initial description in 1967, the clinical and laboratory features of Kawasaki's disease (KD) have been well documented. We studied a patient with KD who recovered from the acute phase of the disease, but who subsequently died at home from coronary arteritis. We describe this patient because of bone marrow and lymph node findings that have previously received little attention in the English-language literature.
Identification of platelet proteins that bind alloantibodies and autoantibodies.

Abstract We have used the techniques of radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) and Western blot to identify the membrane proteins that bind certain alloantibodies. Anti-PlA1 sera precipitated two bands, corresponding to platelet glycoproteins IIb and III, whether or not calcium was present during the procedure. By Western blot, this antibody bound only glycoprotein III. Anti-PlA1 serum does not precipitate proteins from the platelets of a patient with Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia. Two monoclonal antibodies reacting with lymphocyte HLA antigens, as well as sera from highly allosensitized patients, precipitated bands of 38,500 and 13,500 daltons. These bands correspond to the molecular weights of the two subunits of the HLA antigen, as it has been described for other cell types. The patients’ sera also precipitated a protein of 72,000 daltons from some platelets. The sera of two patients with quinidine-induced thrombocytopenia precipitated a 138,000-dalton band (glycoprotein lb-alpha) in the presence of quinidine. The purified IgG antibody from one patient did not require other plasma factors to bind to platelets in the presence of quinidine, while purified antibody from a second patient required plasma factors other than, or in addition to von Willebrand factor. Although several sera from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were tested, only one precipitated membrane proteins by the RIP method; this serum identified binding proteins corresponding to glycoproteins IIb and III.
Is bigger always better? The optimal size of a group practice.

The past decade saw several attempts to consolidate physician practices, but this sector remains one of the last cottage industries in the United States. This article develops a framework for analyzing the optimal size of a physician practice. The framework addresses technological factors (e.g., economies of scale and scope), behavioral factors (e.g., changing physician goals, costs of organizing and operating a practice), and market-driven factors (e.g., managed care contracting). Existing empirical research suggests three "optimal" sizes of practices: 5-10 physicians, based on economies of scale and decision-making; 20-30 physicians, based on economies of scope and initial development of a corporate structure; and 80+ (multi-specialty) physicians, which can create an system of referrals and utilization. The article concludes with observations about the challenges to physician practices as they grow.
[Simultaneous determination of melamine and cyanuric acid residues in water and urine by solid phase extraction-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method].

Objective We aimed to establish a sensitive quantified method for the simultaneous determination of melamine and cyanuric acid residues in water and urine by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-MS/MS) with the pretreatment of hydrophilic functional silica gel and cation exchange resin mixed solid phase extraction column(MCT),and to investigate the melamine and cyanuric acid residues in 501 water and 216 urine from several province and city.Methods About 100 ml water (or 10 ml urine) was adjusted to pH 3.0 with concentrated hydrochloric acid,and then mixed with the internal standard solution (15 N3-melamine and 15N3-13C3-cyanuric acid) and 100 ml acetonitrile (10 ml for urine).The solution was cleaned with MCT solid-phase extraction column,and eluted once by 3 ml methanol and twice by 2.5 ml methanol (containing 5％ ammonia water).The effluent was collected and dried by N2 flow at 40 ℃,and then diluted to 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate containing 90％ volume fraction acetonitrile.The completely dissolved solution was then filtered with 0.22 μm organic membrane; and the filtrate was detected by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and quantified with internal standards.The repeatability and sensitivity of the assay were evaluated.Then we detected the melamine and cyanuric acid residues in 501 water and 216 urine samples collected from several province and city.Results By the quantification of internal standard 15N3-melamine and 15N3-13C3-cyanuric acid,the melamine and cyanuric acid were linear in the range of 2.0-1000.0 μg/L with correlation coefficient of 0.9998 and 0.9997.The detection limits of the method were separately 0.4 ng/L (melamine) and 0.3 ng/L (cyanuric acid) for water,and 4.0 ng/L (melamine) and 3.0 ng/L (cyanuric acid) for urine.The average recovery rate was around 95.3％-100.1％ with the relative standard deviation(RSD) was ＜4.02％.Out of the 501 water samples,melamine was detected out in 19.9％ (100/501) and cyanuric acid was detected out in 5.2％ (26/501).The content was around 0.03-5.00 g/L Melamine or cyanuric acid was detected out in 24.5％ of the urine samples (53/216),with the content around 0.01-1.00 g/L.Conclusion The established method of solid phase extraction-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry can satisfy the requirement for detection of melamine and cyanuric acid residues in all sorts of water and urine.Meanwhile,the two sustances widely existed in water and Chinese population. Key words: Chromatography, liquid ; Chromatography, high pressure liquid ; Melamine ; Cyanuric acid; Water; Urine
Changes in liver cytoplasmic RNA after administration of 3-methylcholanthrene.

The administration of 3-methylcholanthrene to rats is accompanied by an increase in the incorporation of orotic acid-14C into the 45 S cytoplasmic particle in the liver. The elevation reaches a maximum at 15 hr after the injection of the polycyclic hydrocarbon and diminishes to control values by 36 hr. This effect was also observed in adrenalectomized animals, eliminating any role of the adrenal corticosteroids in the phenomenon. In addition, the turnover of 18 and 28 S ribosomal RNA in liver cytoplasm was elevated after administration of the polycyclic hydrocarbon. These results suggest that the synthesis of ribosomal constituents, in particular, ribosomal RNA, may play an important role in the "induction" phenomenon observed in liver after administration of 3-methylcholanthrene.
New directions in pediatric heart transplantation.

Heart transplantation has become an accepted therapy for infants and children with cardiomyopathy and some complex congenital cardiac anomalies. Recent developments in pediatric heart transplantation have influenced the nursing management of these patients. The patient population is becoming younger with a larger number of patients with congenital heart disease. New pharmacologic therapies and ventricular assist devices have altered the management of chronic congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, severe ventricular dysfunction, and allograft rejection. There is a growing trend toward ambulatory care and home care for this patient population.
Electromagnetic Techniques in the Development of Coal-Derived Energy Sources – A Review

AbstractThis paper reviews work performed in applying advanced electromagnetics techniques in the development of coal-derived energy sources and associated conversion processes. Attention is focused in the investigations related to the electrical properties of coal at radio frequencies, and in the modeling and design of electromagnetic systems (both reflection and transmission type) for the remote detection, monitoring, and mapping of coal conversion processes. Specific applications include underground coal gasification (UCG) processes and fluidized-bed combustors (FBC). Recommendations are made of applications where electromagnetic methods should play a prominent role in the future.
Large-Scale Analysis of Breast Cancer-Related Conformational Changes in Proteins Using Limited Proteolysis.

Conformational changes in proteins can lead to disease. Thus, methods for identifying conformational changes in proteins can further improve our understanding and facilitate detection of disease states. Here we combine limited proteolysis (LiP) with Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) to characterize breast cancer-related conformational changes in proteins on the proteomic scale. Studied here are the conformational properties of proteins in two cell culture models of breast cancer, including the MCF-10A and MCF-7 cell lines. The SILAC-LiP approach described here identified ∼200 proteins with cell-line-dependent conformational changes, as determined by their differential susceptibility to proteolytic digestion using the nonspecific protease, proteinase K. The protease susceptibility profiles of the proteins in these cell lines were compared to thermodynamic stability and expression level profiles previously generated for proteins in these same breast cancer cell lines. The comp...
Facilitating Self-Transcendence: An Intervention to Enhance Well-Being in Late Life:

This randomized controlled pilot study evaluated the effects of the Psychoeducational Approach to Transcendence and Health (PATH) Program, an 8-week intervention hypothesized to increase self-transcendence and improve well-being in community-dwelling women aged 60 years and older ( N = 20). The PATH combined mindfulness exercises, group processes, creative activities, and at-home practice using community engaged research methods. Findings provided some support for the effectiveness of PATH. Although there was no significant Group × Time interaction, self-transcendence, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction differed significantly pre- and postintervention in the wait-listed control group, which received a revised version of the program. Further study is needed with a larger sample to determine the effectiveness of PATH. Potentially, PATH may be a convenient and affordable activity to support personal development and improve well-being among older adults at senior centers, retirement communities, nursing homes, church groups, and other places where older adults gather.
Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy: A Review of a Novel Treatment for Psychiatric Disorders

Recent research suggests that functional connectivity changes may be involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Hyperconnectivity in the default mode network has been associated with psychopathology, but psychedelic serotonin agonists like psilocybin may profoundly disrupt these dysfunctional neural network circuits and provide a novel treatment for psychiatric disorders. We have reviewed the current literature to investigate the efficacy and safety of psilocybin-assisted therapy for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. There were seven clinical trials that investigated psilocybin-assisted therapy as a treatment for psychiatric disorders related to anxiety, depression, and substance use. All trials demonstrated reductions in psychiatric rating scale scores or increased response and remission rates. There were large effect sizes related to improved depression and anxiety symptoms. Psilocybin may also potentially reduce alcohol or tobacco use and increase abstinence rates in addiction, but the benefits of these two trials were less clear due to open-label study designs without statistical analysis. Psilocybin-assisted therapy efficacy and safety appear promising, but more robust clinical trials will be required to support FDA approval and identify the potential role in clinical psychiatry.
Surface-Confined Aqueous Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (SCARAFT) Polymerization Method for Preparation of Coated Capillary Leads to over 10 000 Peptides Identified from 25 ng HeLa Digest by Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A surface-confined aqueous reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (SCARAFT) polymerization method was developed to coat capillaries for use in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). SCARAFT polymerization primarily takes place on the inner surface of the capillary instead of in solution, which greatly improves the homogeneity of the coating. Capillaries treated with this coating produced an electroosmotic mobility of 2.8 ± 0.2 × 10–6 cm2·V–1·s–1 (N = 3), which is roughly an order of magnitude lower than that of commercial linear polyacrylamide (LPA)-coated capillaries. Coated capillaries were evaluated for bottom-up proteomic analysis using CZE. The very low electroosmotic mobility results in a 200 min separation and improved single-shot analysis. An average of 977 protein groups and 5605 unique peptides were identified from 50 ng of an E. coli digest, and 2158 protein groups and 10 005 peptides were identified from 25 ng of a HeLa digest using single-shot analysis with a SCARAFT-acrylamide capil...
Effect of A mixing on elastic modulus, cleavage stress, and shear stress in the Ti 3 ( Si x Al 1 − x ) C 2 MAX phase

Solid solution MAX phases offer the opportunity for further tuning of the thermomechanical and functional properties of MAX phases, increasing their envelope of performance. Previous experimental results show that the lattice parameters of ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}({\mathrm{Si}}_{x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}){\mathrm{C}}_{2}$ decrease, while the Young's modulus increases with increased Si content in the lattice. In this work, we present a computational investigation of the structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}({\mathrm{Si}}_{x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}){\mathrm{C}}_{2}$ $(x=0$, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1). The solid solutions were modeled using special quasirandom structures (SQS) and calculated using density functional theory (DFT), which is implemented in the Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP). The SQS structures represent random mixing of Al and Si in the A sublattice of 312 MAX phase and their structural, electronic, and mechanical properties were calculated and compared with experiments. We study the cleavage and slip behavior of ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}({\mathrm{Si}}_{x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}){\mathrm{C}}_{2}$ to investigate the deformation behavior in terms of cleavage and shear. It has been shown that the cleavage between M and A layers results in increasing cleavage stress in ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}({\mathrm{Si}}_{x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}){\mathrm{C}}_{2}$ as a function of Si content in the lattice. In addition, the shear deformation of hexagonal close packed ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}({\mathrm{Si}}_{x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}){\mathrm{C}}_{2}$ under $\ensuremath{\langle}2\overline{1}\overline{1}0\ensuremath{\rangle}\left\{0001\right\}$ and $\ensuremath{\langle}0\overline{1}10\ensuremath{\rangle}\left\{0001\right\}$ results in increasing unstable stacking fault energy (USFE) and ideal shear strength (ISS) in ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}({\mathrm{Si}}_{x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}){\mathrm{C}}_{2}$ as the system becomes richer in Si.
UV-assisted 3D-printing of soft ferrite magnetic components for power electronics integration

For ease of fabricating and integrating ferrite magnetic components in power electronics circuits to improve the power density and efficiency, we explored a paste-extrusion additive manufacturing method to fabricate ferrite core and conductive winding in a single platform. A UV-sensitive low-temperature (< 950 °C) sinterable NiCuZn ferrite paste formulated by ourselves as well as a commercial nanosilver paste were used as feed materials for 3D printing ferrite cores and silver windings, respectively. A planar inductor with one turn of silver winding embedded was 3D-printed to demonstrate the feasibility of fabrication. After the 3D structure of the planar inductor was printed, it was sintered to 920 °C for 14hrs. The sintered ferrite paste had relative permeability of 70, and the sintered nanosilver paste had a DC resistivity 1.5 times of pure bulk silver. The measured inductance and DC winding resistance of the 3D-printed planar inductor after sintering were 792 nH and 15 mΩ, respectively. The measured value of both inductance and DC resistance were in less than 10% error with those predicted by 3D finite-element-analysis simulation. Microstructure of the sintered planar inductor was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Facial and Vocal Individual Recognition in the Common Chimpanzee

The present study was carried out to determine if facial and vocal recognition of familiar individuals and vocal-to-facial matching of familiar individuals occurred in common chimpanzees. The matching of different facial portraits and “pant hoot” vocalizations correctly to an array of six facial portraits of familiar individuals randomly sorted from trial-to-trial occurred at greater than chance levels, p >.026. By correctly matching individual chimpanzee faces and vocalizations, the chimpanzees demonstrated their ability to recognize familiar facial configurations and long-distance vocalizations and match these across modes of sensation, prerequisites for monitoring the location and state of fellow group members and avoiding aggressive interactions with less related strangers.
DNA Repair and Photoprotection: Mechanisms of Overcoming Environmental Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure in Halophilic Archaea.

Halophilic archaea push the limits of life at several extremes. In particular, they are noted for their biochemical strategies in dealing with osmotic stress, low water activity and cycles of desiccation in their hypersaline environments. Another feature endemic to their habitats is intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which is a challenge that microorganisms must overcome. The consequences of high UV exposure include DNA lesions arising directly from bond rearrangement of adjacent bipyrimidines, or indirectly from oxidative damage, which may ultimately result in mutation and cell death. As such, these microorganisms have evolved a number of strategies to navigate the threat of DNA damage, which we differentiate into two categories, DNA repair and photoprotection. Photoprotection encompasses damage avoidance strategies that serve as a “first line of defense,” and in halophilic archaea include pigmentation by carotenoids, mechanisms of oxidative damage avoidance, polyploidy, and genomic signatures that make DNA less susceptible to photodamage. Photolesions that do arise are addressed by a number of DNA repair mechanisms that halophilic archaea efficiently utilize, which include photoreactivation, nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, and homologous recombination. This review seeks to place DNA damage, repair, and photoprotection in the context of halophilic archaea and the solar radiation of their hypersaline environments. We also provide new insight into the breadth of strategies and how they may work together to produce remarkable UV-resistance for these microorganisms.
Vehicle Classification System Using In-Pavement Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

Vehicle classification is critical due to its significant use in transportation and pavement management and maintenance. In this paper, a vehicle classification system is developed based on in-pavement 3-D glass fiber-reinforced polymer packaged fiber Bragg grating sensors (3-D GFRP-FBG). When vehicles pass by the pavement, it produces strains, which can be monitored by the center wavelength changes of the embedded 3-D GFRP-FBG sensors. The vehicle’s speed and wheelbase can then be estimated according to the different time a vehicle arrived at the sensor sites and speeds monitored from the wavelength changes of the in-pavement sensors. The vehicle classification system in this paper uses support vector machine learning algorithms to classify vehicles into categories ranging from small vehicles to combination trucks. The field testing results from real traffic show that the developed system can accurately estimate the vehicle classifications with 98.5% of accuracy.
Doubly-Charged Scalars in the Type-II Seesaw Mechanism: Fundamental Symmetry Tests and High-Energy Searches

We analyze the sensitivity of low-energy fundamental symmetry tests to interactions mediated by doubly-charged scalars that arise in type II seesaw models of neutrino mass and their left-right symmetric extensions. We focus on the next generation measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in M\o{}ller scattering planned by the MOLLER collaboration at Jefferson Laboratory. We compare the MOLLER sensitivity to that of searches for charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV) and neutrinoless double beta-decay ($0\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay) as well as present and possible future high-energy collider probes. We show that for the simplest type-II seesaw scenario, CLFV searches have the greatest sensitivity. However, in a left-right symmetric extension where the scale of parity-breaking is decoupled from the $SU(2{)}_{R}$-breaking scale, the MOLLER experiment will provide a unique probe of scalar triplet interactions in the right-handed sector for a doubly-charged scalar mass up to $\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ and help elucidate the mechanism of $0\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay.
Methodological and Other Aspects of Intact Mature Higher Plant Cell Vacuoles

I will, for the most part, restrict my discussion to methodological aspects of recent studies of intact, mature plant cell vacuoles. However, it is important to first review very briefly the history of discovery and study of plant vacuoles in general, since modern studies and methodologies are built upon that which was done before.
Alterations in Electrical Double Layer Structure Due to Electromagnetic Coupling to Membrane Bound Enzymes

We shall discuss the role that the electrical double layer formed at the interface of a charged biological membrane and the membrane’s extracellular ionic environment might play in gaining an understanding of how time-varying electromagnetic fields of very low intensity interact with the membrane per se. The analysis we shall present originated in an effort to explain what have generally become known as nonthermal interactions; that is coupling between an external field and the biological system of interest that cannot be attributed to the thermalization of the energy carried by the field. Alternatively such responses cannot be elicited by simple heating processes, for example via some other experimental means of heating.
Altered time course of mRNA expression of alpha tubulin in the central nervous system of hens treated with diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP).

Diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) produces organophosphorus-ester induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) in the hen, human and other sensitive species. We studied the effect of single dose of DFP (1.7 mg/kg/s.c.) on the expression of alpha tubulin which is one of the major sub-unit of tubulin polymers that constitute an important constituent of cellular architecture. The hens were sacrificed at different time points i.e. 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 days. Total RNA was extracted from the following brain regions: cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem as well as spinal cord. Northern blots prepared using standard protocols were hybridized with alpha tubulin as well as with β-actin and 28S RNA cDNA (controls) probes. The results indicate a differential /spatial /temporal regulation of alpha tubulin levels which may be the result of perturbed microtubule dynamics not only in the axons but also in perikarya of neurons in the CNS of DFP treated hens. In the highly susceptible tissues like brainstem and spinal cord the initial down-regulation of mRNA levels could be attributed to DFP induced stress response resulting in inhibited cell metabolism and or cell injury / cell death. Increase in levels of mRNA at 5 days and thereafter coincided with increased tubulin transport which may be due to increased phosphorylation of tubulins in both axons and perikarya and other intraaxonal changes resulting in impaired axonal transport. DFP induced decreased rate of tubulin polymerization resulting in increased levels of free tubulin monomers may be involved in the altered alpha tubulin mRNA expression at different time points by autoregulatory circuits. Cerebellum being the less susceptible tissue showed only a moderate decline at day 2, while the alpha tubulin remained at near control levels at day 1. Delayed down-regulation may be due to the co-ordinated up or down- regulation of different sub-types of alpha and beta tubulins as well as the differential response of specialised cell types in cerebellum. Continuous overexpression of alpha tubulin in cerebrum from the beginning may be its effective protective strategy to safeguard itself from neurotoxicity. Differential expression pattern observed could be due to the differential susceptibility and variability in the rate of axonal transport of different regions besides the tubulin heterogenity of CNS. Hence our results indicte differential expression of alpha tubulin is either one of the reasons for the development of OPIDN or the result of progressive changes taking place during OPIDN.
NEW PERSPECTIVES IN COMPARATIVE ISLET RESEARCH

Publisher Summary With the bias of the mammalian situation slowly disappearing, the evolution of the structure and function of the islet organ has increasingly become a field of fruitful research activity. Recent morphological, physiological, and biochemical investigations have strongly modified the picture of the evolution of the islet organ. Studies in Petromyzon marinus suggest that the islet organ of the early vertebrates already had several functionally independent cell types besides β cells; the poorly developed islet organ of most of the living cyclostomes may be a neotenous phenomenon. In the gnathostomes, the identification of avian pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin in endocrine pancreas cells raises new questions of islet–exocrine pancreas interactions. Findings in pancreatectomized eels indicate an important role of the islet organ in osmoregulation, mainly in the adaptation to sea water. The findings further more show that in pancreatectomized eels, insulin is much less important for the intermediary metabolism than in mammals.
The Use of Assessment in Diagnosis

“The meaning of diagnosis is ‘to know’ the client in terms of both internal and external perspectives” (Blocher & Biggs, 1983, p. 186). Chapter 3 presented an approach to diagnosis that primarily involved the determination and classification of people’s symptoms and personality patterns, culminating in the naming or labeling of their emotional disorders. Viewed only in this way, the process of diagnosis can seem dehumanizing and can detract from the establishment of a collaborative counselor-client relationship. However, as the quotation opening this chapter suggests, the process of diagnosis can be approached in a comprehensive way that enables counselors to develop a good understanding of people and their environments and, through the process of assessment, formulate a diagnosis and treatment plan as well as enhance the counseling relationship.
Exploring the impacts of climate and policy changes on coastal community resilience: Simulating alternative future scenarios

Abstract Coupled models of coastal hazards, ecosystems, socioeconomics, and landscape management in conjunction with alternative scenario analysis provide tools that can allow decision-makers to explore effects of policy decisions under uncertain futures. Here, we describe the development and assessment of a set of model-based alternative future scenarios examining climate and population driven landscape dynamics for a coastal region in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. These scenarios incorporated coupled spatiotemporal models of climate and coastal hazards, population and development, and policy and assessed a variety of landscape metrics for each scenario. Coastal flooding and erosion were probabilistically simulated using 99 future 95-year climate scenarios. Five policy scenarios were iteratively co-developed by researchers and stakeholders in Tillamook County, Oregon. Results suggest that both climate change and management decisions have a significant impact across the landscape, and can potentially impact geographic regions at different magnitudes and timescales.
Bayesian kriging for reproducing reservoir heterogeneity in a tidal depositional environment of a sandstone formation

Abstract Spatial permeability modeling is an important step in reservoir characterization as it controls spatial continuity, heterogeneity, and fluid flow modeling. The conventional kriging algorithms, such as simple, ordinary, and universal kriging, have been used for spatial petrophysical property distribution. However, all are unbiased estimators that disregard the impact of uncertainty in the covariance structure, which is first estimated, and then adopted for interpolation. To prevail over the restrictions of unbiased prediction in conventional approaches, Bayesian Kriging has been recently presented to take into account the uncertainty about variogram parameters on subsequent predictions. Bayesian Kriging incorporates prior knowledge about observations, such as expert grasp and outcome from neighboring data, to be incorporated as a qualified guess in the spatial estimation. The uncertainty about model parameters in Bayesian Kriging is then represented in a form of posterior probability distribution to attain optimal unbiased linear interpolation, which then leads to avoid unrealistic small regions within the reservoir. The efficiency of Bayesian Kriging was justified through simulating the reservoir heterogeneity in terms of spatial permeability continuity in a tidal depositional environment of heterogeneous sandstone reservoir in South Rumaila oil field. The Bayesian kriging simulation was implemented in extensive comparison with other conventional geostatistical algorithms, such as simple, ordinary and universal kriging. It was illustrated that Bayesian Kriging algorithm is an efficient geostatistical simulation approach for reproducing reservoir heterogeneity by attaining less estimation variance. Multiple equiprobable stochastic reservoir images (realizations) were created by Bayesian kriging and ranked to select the three quantiles P10, P50, and P90. The entire work was implemented through R, the powerful open-source statistical computing language, and R codes can be used as fast vehicles to conduct the geostatistical simulation in various formations.
The effect of foam quality, particle concentration and flow rate on nanoparticle-stabilized CO2 mobility control foams

CO2 foam is regarded as a promising technology and widely used in the oil and gas industry, not only to improve oil production, but also to mitigate carbon emissions through their capture. This paper describes a series of nanoparticle-stabilized CO2 foam generation and foam flow experiments under reservoir conditions. Stable CO2 foam was generated when CO2 and a nanosilica dispersion flowed through the core sample under 1500 psi and 25 °C. The foam changed from a fine-texture foam to a coarse foam as the foam quality increased from 20% to 95%. Foam mobility increased slightly with the increasing foam quality from 20% to 80% and then rapidly from 80% to 95%. A stable CO2 foam was generated as the nanosilica concentration increased to 2500 ppm. Foam mobility and resistance factor increased with the increasing nanosilica concentration. As the injection flow rate increased to 60 ml h−1, stable and fine-texture CO2 foam was obtained. Foam mobility was observed to remain almost constant as the injection flow rate increased from 60 ml h−1 to 150 ml h−1.
Hierarchical laser patterning of indium tin oxide thin films

Multiscale laser patterning of indium tin oxide thin films using the combination of direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) and laser induced periodic surface structuring (LIPSS) was studied. By balancing DLIP and LIPSS, structures in an ordered hierarchical pattern consisting of 75 nm LIPSS, 650 nm DLIP, and 50 µm laser spot size were demonstrated. The effects of laser fluence on the DLIP, LIPSS, and grain growth are discussed. The anisotropic conductance due to LIPSS was shown to exceed 50,000:1. Infrared reflectance measurements indicated that the anisotropy was uniform across the laser patterned samples.