cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent Literature on Lichens—191*

ADLER, M. & S. CALVELO. 2002. Parmeliaceae species (lichenized Ascomycetes) from Tierra del Fuego (southern South America) and their world distribution patterns. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut fur Allgemeine Botanik in Hamburg 30–32: 9–24. 12 maps. [36 species in 18 genera are reported, with biogeographical analyis and maps. Brief descriptions and a key for nine species. From the ‘‘Proceedings of the Fourth Meeting of Latin American Lichenologists,’’ GLAL4, in Bariloche, Argentina, 1999. Published also as the first volume of a series, ‘‘Biodiversity and Ecology.’’] ADLER, M. T. & C. ESTRABOU. 2000. Los generos de Parmeliaceae sensu stricto (Ascomycota liquenizados) de la provincia de Cordoba, Republica Argentina. Kurtziana 28: 297–307. [A key and descriptions for fourteen parmelioid genera are provided.] ANDERSON, L. E. 2003. William Louis Culberson, 1929– 2003. Flora—A Newsletter for The Friends of the Sarah P. Duke Gardens 41: 1–2. Anonymous (ED.). 2003. To Remove or Modify the Survey and Manage Mitigation Measure Standards and Guidelines. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service & U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Portland, Oregon. 334 pages. [Includes some data on lichens.] APTROOT, A. 2003. A new perspective on the sorediate Punctelia (Parmeliaceae) species of North America. THE BRYOLOGIST 106: 317–319. 1 fig. [Reinterpretation of several taxa. Provides a key to North American and European species.] APTROOT, A. & P. W. JAMES. 2002. Monitoring lichens on monuments, pp. 239–253. 3 fig. In P. L. Nimis, C. Scheidegger & P. A. Wolseley (eds.), Monitoring with Lichens—Monitoring Lichens. Nato Science Series. IV. Earth and Environmental Sciences 7. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. [Review.] APTROOT, A. & R. LUCKING. 2003. Phenotype-based phylogenetic analysis does not support generic separation of Gyalidea and Solorinella (Ostropales: Asterothyriaceae), pp. 53–78. 6 fig. 1 tab. In M. Jensen (ed.), Lichenological Contributions in Honour of G.B. Feige. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 86. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart. APTROOT, A. & U. SCHIEFELBEIN. 2003. Additional species of Cheiromycina (lichenized hyphomycetes), with a key to the known species. Mycological Research 107: 104–107. 10 fig. [New: Cheiromycina globosa sp. nov. (Germany), C. ananas sp. nov. (U.S.A., Maryland).] APTROOT, A., H. J. M. SIPMAN & J. L. SPIER. 2003. Di-
Kim Kardashian and Honey Boo Boo: Models for Law School Success (or Not)

This article is a partly satirical and partly serious discussion about the obsessive need for law schools to chase rankings and fame. The article suggests that the stated mission of many law schools is trumped by the real mission -- to become famous (highly ranked) and that this disconnect prevents such law schools from creating important and innovative mission-based education programs that serve the larger public interest. The article explicitly raises the question: is it okay to be a lower ranked law school? The text and footnotes develop issues related to diversity, the historical role of the LSAT, the purpose of law schools, emphasis on faculty scholarship rather than teaching, ABA accreditation standards, etc. The article recommends strategies for schools that might wish to escape the rankings game. It concludes by asserting that many law schools will have a difficult time adapting to modern challenges if they are motivated primarily about what U.S. News & World Report considers to be important.
Use of DNA hybridizations probes for detection of the plague bacillus (Yersinia pestis) in fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae and Ceratophyllidae).

The detection of active plague in nature relies primarily on demonstration of the etiologic agent of the disease, Yersinia pestis , in the flea vectors and susceptible mammalian hosts. A live animal assay is currently used for identification of a Y. pestis virulence antigen that is not expressed in the flea. We have found that DNA hybridization probes specific for Y. pestis , used in very simple sample preparation schemes, allow detection of Y. pestis in three species of fleas as well as tissues of experimentally infected mice at minimum concentrations of 1 × 106 bacilli/ml. We detected Y. pestis in 22 of 90 (24%) experimentally infected Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild), 13 of 25 (52%) Thrassis bacchi (Rothschild), and 9 of 25 (36%) Diamanus montanus (Baker), but no hybridization signals were observed from fleas that had fed on normal mice. The probe technique indicated infection in 9 of 10 potentially infected liver and spleen samples and none of the 5 control samples. Our techniques permit definitive diagnosis in 48 h.
Strategic Inoperability Standards and Trade Policies for Industries with Network Externalities

The paper considers a country (home) in which domestic and foreign firms produce partially incompatible products while heterogeneous consumers value both variety and a network externality. The presence of the network externalities justifies home government intervention by means of a standard requiring the foreign firm to guarantee a minimum level of compatibility between its own product and the product of global perspective. The paper also clarifies the exporting (i.e, foreign) government's incentives for a home market. Based on the analysis of the governments' incentives, we examine the equilibrium outcome of the non-cooperative game in which the home government uses the compatibility standard and the cooperative use of the compatibility policies by the countries always results in an inefficient combination of trade volume and compatibility level. The paper also evaluates the existing provisions in the WTO legal system aimed at minimizing the trade-inhibiting impact of technical standards and regulations.
Improving Social Communication Skills Using Kinesics Feedback

Interactive training environments typically include feedback mechanisms designed to help trainees improve their performance through guided or self-reflection. When the training system deals with human-to-human communications, as one would find in a teacher, counselor or cross-cultural trainer, such feedback needs to focus on all aspects of human communication. This means that, in addition to verbal communication, nonverbal messages (kinesics in particular) must be captured and analyzed for semantic meaning. The goal of this research is to introduce interactive training models developed to improve human-to-human interaction. The specific context in which we prototype and validate these models is the TeachLivE teacher rehearsal environment developed at the University of Central Florida. We implemented an online gesture recognition application on top of the Microsoft Kinect software development kit with multiple feedback channels including visual and haptics. In a study of twelve participants rehearsing a teaching session in TeachLivE, we found that the online gesture recognition tool and its associated feedback method are effective and non-intrusive approaches for the purpose of communication-skill training. The algorithms employed, the results, and the implications for other interactive contexts are discussed in this paper.
Posterior to Anteriorly Directed Screws for Management of Talar Neck Fractures.

Background:Screws placed from posterior to anterior have been shown to be biomechanically and anatomically superior in the fixation of talar neck and neck-body fractures, yet most surgeons continue...
The Flagellar Radial Spokes

Publisher Summary The radial spokes are a major structural feature of 9 + 2 axonemes and are crucial for flagellar beating. The enormous variety of research tools that Chlamydomonas offers a model system, such as radial spoke defective mutants and in vitro functional assays, as well as the unique biochemical properties of spoke components, have all contributed to our understanding of the radial spokes. This chapter reviews the composition, assembly, and possible functions of this macromolecular complex. Chlamydomonas mutants that are defective in radial spoke assembly have played a central role in studies of spoke composition and function. The observation presented in the genetics, supports the hypothesis that the direct interaction between the spoke heads and central pair projections is crucial for the motility of 9 + 2 cilia and flagella. For decades, the axonemal dynein arms have been the target of biochemical and functional analysis due in large part to the ease with which they can be extracted and purified from isolated flagella. Extraction along with composition and functional domains are explained in the biochemical characterization. A variety of approaches including genetic, structural, and functional studies have provided significant insights into understanding the function of the radial spokes. These observations provide strong evidence that regulation of dynein-driven microtubule sliding involves a signal transduction pathway that includes the radial spokes. An enormous amount of evidence indicates that the radial spokes play an important role in modulating flagellar motility.
Prospects for increased food production and poverty alleviation: What plant biotechnology can practically deliver and what it cannot

Publisher Summary Biotechnology has introduced offers efficient and cost-effective means to produce a diverse array of novel, value-added products and tools. It has the potential to improve qualitative and quantitative aspects of food, feed, fiber, and biofuel production; reduce the dependency of agriculture on chemicals and fossil fuels; diminish over cultivation and erosion; and lower the cost of raw materials, all in an environmentally sustainable manner. Agricultural biotechnology has helped farmers around the world boost their productivity and grow crops in more ecologically healthy fields while allowing much more efficient use of resources. This technology allows reduced tillage, which cuts down on greenhouse gas emissions, water runoff, machinery use, and soil erosion. The vast majority of products approved to date are in the area of agronomic traits, most specifically biotic stress. The principal focus still remains on agronomic traits, especially in the area of pest control, but with an increasing interest in abiotic stress tolerance, which is gaining prominence as external pressures from climate change to land use change are rising.
Pterional Approach for the Resection of Craniopharyngioma

Craniopharygiomas often present after reaching a significant size and compressing surrounding neurovascular structures. The complexity of the neurovascular structures in the suprasellar compartment indicates the need for a keen understanding of the anatomy and approaches to the resection. This chapter reviews the pterional approach and the nuances that allow for safe and effective resection of these tumors. Cases are retrospectively reviewed and the experience of the authors is compared with that in the literature in respect to extent of resection, recurrence rates, and outcomes.
The opportunities and tensions of historic preservation and transit oriented development (TOD)

Abstract The article examines two research questions concerning historic preservation and TOD. First, what are the opportunities for and challenges to developing TODs in historic areas. Transit locations are often located in older historic areas and a restored or adaptively reused historic building can be an asset to a TOD because of the amenity it affords and its preservation of the linkage to the history of a place. There are other opportunities, such as the TOD capitalizing on an historic area's attractive and unique architectural style. At the same time, there may be tensions because as a TOD aims to maximize density near transit, pressure may mount to demolish lower density historic buildings. Second, what tools have been useful to preservationists, planners, developers, and communities for preserving historic buildings in TOD locations? Case studies of success and failure to combine historic preservation and TOD in six communities nationally in the United States showed that while the synthesis can be challenging it is feasible and results in distinctive and attractive developments. A key strategy included combining the federal historic tax credit and other subsidies. We observed other useful approaches, such as engaging stakeholders and place-making via local art and other means. Varying local conditions, however, argue against one set approach.
Sextant to Satellite

The second half of the 20th century was a most remarkable period in the field of physical oceanography. Into the 1980’s oceanographers were still relying on stars and sextants to gather information as vitally important as the position of a ship at sea. Asking for “a tall ship and a star to steer her by” was not merely a romantic wish, but a practical necessity. Today it is possible to pinpoint the location of a ship by means of the Global Positioning System (GPS) which depends on several satellites in space. Such a remarkable change presumably had a profound effect on the way oceanographers see themselves, and the way they relate to the oceans. Sextants are the instruments of explorers – individualists who brave the elements and venture into uncharted territory in search of new worlds. Did the launching of the Sputnik, the first artificial satellite, in 1957, cause oceanography to lose its romance? Are there any worlds still to be conquered?
Plain Language in the Twenty-First Century: Introduction to the Special Issue on Plain Language

Documentation for consumers is frequently complex, convoluted, and hard to follow. Bureaucratic organizations such as insurance companies, government agencies, hospitals, and law firms often have reputations for communicating poorly. Such poorly prepared documents diminish consumers’ abilities to make informed decisions about their health, rights, and finances. When these documents leave consumers with more questions than answers, organizations must try again (and again) to communicate more clearly. With the ease of accessing documents online, organizations face increasing pressure to create effective content appropriate for broad audiences. Plain language offers an approach to language and design for producing accessible and readable public documents. This movement, which gained traction in several countries in the 1970s, has regained its momentum with recent legislation and new public and private sector initiatives. Then-US-President Barack Obama signed the Plain Writing Act in 2010 and Executive Order 13563 in 2011, requiring clear communication in plain writing from US government agencies. Other sectors have responded as well. Practitioners use plain language in a range of other areas such as healthcare, business, science, engineering, and law. In keeping with these developments, we provide this special issue to reintroduce the discussion of plain language in professional and technical communication research and practice.
Long-term outcomes of the aphakic snap-on Boston type I keratoprosthesis at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute.

Purpose To determine the indications, long-term clinical and visual outcomes, and complications of the aphakic snap-on type I Boston keratoprosthesis (KPro). Design Retrospective, non-comparative case series. Methods Forty-five eyes of 43 patients with type I aphakic snap-on KPros with at least 1 year of follow-up were included. The past medical histories, preoperative indications, best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs), postoperative complications, and retention rates were analyzed. Results The most common indication for KPro implantation was a failed corneal graft (89%). The mean preoperative BCVA was count fingers-hand motion (2.14±0.45 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]), which initially improved to 20/200 (1.04±0.85 logMAR; P<0.0001). At the last examination, 24 eyes (53%) maintained some visual gain, 22% retained their preoperative visual acuity, and 24% lost vision due to postoperative events and underlying ocular comorbidities. Postoperative complications included retroprosthetic membranes (8/45, 18%), corneal melts (5/45, 11%), glaucoma progression (6/45, 13%), and endophthalmitis or sterile vitritis (6/45, 13%). The KPro retention rate was 89%, with a mean follow-up of 51 months. The mean BCVA at the last visit was 20/1,400 (1.82±0.92 logMAR). Conclusion Most patients experienced improved visual acuity after the implantation of the aphakic, snap-on type I KPro; however, the visual gains were not sustained over time, correlating with the onset of postoperative complications.
A Note on Analytic Functionals on the Complex Light Cone

I use Ehrenpreis’ Fundamental Principle to reinterpret some results of Morimoto and Fujita (Hiroshima Math. J. 25:493–512, 1995) on analytic functionals on the complex light cone. I then show how these ideas can be used to generalize such results to the bicomplex and multicomplex setting.
The Effect of Superoxide Dismutase on Rabbit Brain Reperfusion Injury

Damage to the microvasculature after transient ischemia and subsequent reperfusion has been shown in several organ systems (small intestines, heart, skeletal muscle, and liver) to be mediated at least partially through the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals (Granger and Korthuis 1986; Romson et al. 1983; Taylor 1986). Recent data has suggested a similar role for these highly reactive and destructive molecules during states of cerebral hypoperfusion, hypertension or contusion (Cerchiuri et al. 1987; Demopoulos et al. 1980; Kontos et al. 1981; Kontos 1986; Taylor 1986; Wei et al. 1981). Only a limited amount of information, however, is available concerning the vascular injury produced within focal areas of brain rendered ischemic and then subjected to reperfusion. We have developed a rabbit model which measures microvascular damage within the central nervous system by quantitating the amount of albumin-dye complex that crosses the normally occlusive blood-brain barrier (Tasdemiroglu et al. 1988). Using this model, we have begun to study the role of oxygen-derived free radical species in the damage to the brain microvasculature by utilizing the oxyradical scavenging enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD).
Suppression of Plasma Androgens by Spironolactone in Castrated Men with Carcinoma of the Prostate

AbstractSpironolactone, an inhibitor of androgen synthesis, has been administered to castrated men with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Plasma levels of testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone were significantly decreased. These data indicate that spironolactone suppresses adrenal androgen production and suggest that it may be of benefit in the treatment of orchiectomized patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate.
The class of operators of the form

Let φ and ψ be two given vectors in ℌ. The symbol represents then a transformation on ℌ, whose defining equation is given by
Solar Radiation Induced Skin Cancer and DNA Photoproducts in Humans

Solar radiation is a ubiquitous environmental carcinogen and the major cause of skin cancer in caucasians (Scotto et al., 1981; Urbach, 1984). Experimental studies indicate that the ultraviolet-B (W-B, 290-320 nm) portion of the solar spectrum is primarily responsible for the carcinogenic properties of sunlight (Forbes et al., 1989). This waveband encompasses the short-wavelength end of the solar spectrum that reaches the earth’s surface.
Metropolitan governance and telecommunications policy: changing perceptions of place and local governance in the information society

This chapter explores some implications of the emerging telecommunications networks for urban areas and concludes that new networks will do more to support metropolitan governance than to reinforce localism within traditional city and suburban municipal boundaries. Employing U.S. telecommunications policy as its setting, the chapter proposes creation of metropolitan nongovernmental organizations for urban regions to undertake telecommunications policy roles that currently are unaddressed. The proposed Metropolitan Telecommunications Organization (MTO) would represent urbanized areas interests in guiding the build-out of the new public network; in designing the metropolitan telecommunications system, in providing network security, in insuring open access and universal service, and in undertaking other important system governance roles that currently are not being addressed by local governments. In the U. S., MTOs would be an advocate for the values of community in society, including promoting digital democracy, community access centers, metropolitan telecommunications tax equity, and support for community institutions.
Algorithmen und Verfahren zur digitalen Speicherung und Wiedergabe von Bilddokumenten

Der gegenwaertige Trend der Technologie-Entwicklung in den Bereichen der Mikroelektronik, der Eingabe/ Ausgabe-Geraete und der Uebertragungstechnik laesst sich wie folgt charakterisieren: hoehere Rechengeschwindigkeit und Packungsdichte bei gleichzeitiger Verminderung der Herstellungskosten elektronischer Grundschaltungen, hoehere Schreibdichten auf konventionellen Magnetplatten und das Aufkommen neuer Speichermedien (Videodisks), vermehrter Einsatz von Mikroprozessoren und Speicherelementen in Bildschirmgeraeten, Druckern und Scannern, Entwicklung lokaler Rechnernetze fuer die schnelle Uebertragung grosser Datenmengen. Die staendige Verbesserung des Preis/Leistungsver-haeltnisses in der Elektronik und der Nachrichtentechnik schlaegt sich in zunehmend hoeher entwickelten Computer-Systemen nieder, welche in der Zukunft — dank ihrer Leistungsfaehigkeit — die integrierte Verarbeitung von Text und Bild gestatten werden.
Speeding Up Production Systems: From Concurrent Matching to Parallel Rule Firing*

This chapter identifies the problems that a computer architect faces in attempting to speed up the execution of production systems. We first focus on state-saving algorithms using Rete networks because they were the major source of inspiration for a number of research efforts in the eighties'. Early attempts to speed up production systems almost exclusively concentrated on concurrently executing the match phase of the match-select-act loop. More recent studies have shown that significant speedup will not be obtained unless architectures include the capability for parallel rule firing. However, difficult problems, such as the identification of dependencies among different rules and guarantee of correctness, arise when rules are fired in parallel. The second part of this chapter identifies these problems and critiques some of the solutions proposed by different researchers.
Improving Primary Frequency Response to Support Networked Microgrid Operations

Individual microgrids have proven their ability to provide uninterrupted power to critical end-use loads during severe events. Building on the performance of individual microgrids during extreme events, there has been an increasing interest in the operations of network microgrids. By networking microgrids during extreme events, it is possible to share resources, increase the duration for which they can operate islanded, improve efficiency, and increase the resiliency of critical end-use loads. While there are benefits to networking the operations of resiliency-based microgrids, the switching operations that they require introduce transients, which can result in a loss of dynamic stability. The issue of dynamic stability is especially acute in microgrids with high penetrations of inverter-connected generation, and correspondingly low system inertia. While the low inertia of these microgrids can be increased by over-sizing the rotating generators, the increased capital and operating costs can become a barrier to deployment. This paper will present a method of augmenting primary frequency controls to support the switching transients necessary for the operation of networked microgrids, without the need to over-size rotating machines.
gun-launched meteorological probe and its application to a global meteorological sounding network

This paper covers the general requirements and restraints of a global meteorological sounding network, and presents the gun-launched meteorological probe as a system adaptable to such requirements, with demonstrable operational experience already established. The paper deals with the network requirements in three categories; required surface areas (land or water), payload carriers, and associated data collection and handling facilities. It then discusses the role of the gun-launched probe within the outline of these requirements. Certain sensors are also briefly discussed. The role of the gun-launched probe as a concept applicable to global expansion is presented as one of the most promising of available systems.
Introduction: corporeal media

It is time for feminist media studies to refocus its attention on the body. Bodies matter in the ways in which they are differentiated, globally positioned, valued, shared, disrupted, erased, mis-r...
Safaricom 2018: The Emerging-Markets Payments Battle

The case discusses the decision of a hypothetical London-based hedge fund manager, Greg Rubin, who manages a fund primarily investing in emerging and frontier markets to decide whether to buy (or short) Safaricom, a Kenya-based telecom and financial services company that became globally known more than a decade ago (2007) for its use of technology to facilitate payments via mobile phones. There was a real need in Kenya for a different system of payments and money transfers, given the large underbanked population (almost 80% lacking a formal bank account) and the widespread use of cash. M-Pesa, the system introduced by Safaricom was an astounding success and quickly achieved a dominant position in the Kenyan marketplace. Kenyans embraced the use of mobile phones to transfer money and pay bills. More than 10 years later, at the time of the case (March 2018), Safaricom's dominance is challenged by a series of missteps expanding abroad (e.g., to South Africa), increased competition at home, as well as the introduction of 3G and advanced smartphone technology. The case allows for an examination of the investment thesis for Safaricom and its valuation. This requires the analysis of payment systems and their evolution in frontier markets as well as the analysis of country/political risk, among others. It is the combination of an innovative company from a frontier market and the introduction of new technologies that make this case interesting (and challenging) to analyze—by no means an obvious decision for Rubin. Excerpt UVA-F-1843 Rev. Aug. 22, 2018 Safaricom 2018: The Emerging-Markets Payments Battle SAFCOM is one of the best companies this author has ever covered over a fairly long career as a financial analyst, yet it is also one of the most challenging to value, owing to the dual nature of its business—on the one hand, an increasingly commoditized telecom business, where SAFCOM continues to deliver growth above the industry average; and, on the other, a fast-growing financial services business with a positive growth outlook. —Renaissance Capital, October 2017 In March 2018, Greg Rubin sat on his hedge fund's trading floor in Mayfair, London, working on an investment memo he planned to present to fellow members of his investment committee later that day. The investment option on the table for Rubin's absolute return emerging market fund was Safaricom, a telecommunications and financial services company based in Kenya. Ever since the company had achieved extraordinary success with the launch of its mobile payments solution, M-Pesa, a decade earlier, Rubin had considered the company a viable investment option. Even so, he still had more information to digest on the prospects for economic growth within this region of Africa and potential threats to the business before making a final recommendation to his colleagues. . . .
A study on understanding the blood lipid profile of the hemodialysis patients in Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq

One of the most frequently worldwide recorded health conditions, is a chronic renal failure (CRF), especially in elderly individuals induced due to renal damage. Kidney damage and therefore, dialysis have several detrimental effects on the body organs and their functions. According to those effects, this study was conducted to recognize the blood lipid profile of the hemodialysis patients in Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq. Such determination gives assurance for overall functions of the body organs in order to place proper medical management of those levels if disturbed. From Al-Diwaniyah General Teaching Hospital, Diwaniyah City, Iraq, 68 (50, 33 males and 17 females, hemodialysis CRF (H-CRF) patients and 18, 11 males and 7 females, healthy individuals) samples of blood were collected. For revealing the levels of serum blood lipids of the participants, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were tested using a cholesterol oxidase method for TC and HDL-C, a glycerol kinase method for TG, and the Friedewald formula for LDL-C. The results unveiled significant (p˂0.01) higher TG levels in H-CRF patients than those in healthy individuals. In addition, HDL-C revealed significant (p˂0.01) lower levels in the H-CRF patients than those in healthy people. No significant (p˃0.01) data were observed from the TC and the LDL-C levels in both groups. This work demonstrates the level changes of the TGs and the HDL-C in the serum of the hemodialysis patients which need proper medical intervention for the correction of those levels.
Structural Doubling Time Predicts Overall Survival in Patients with Medullary Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Rapidly Progressive Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer Treated with Molecular Targeted Therapies.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of structural disease progression of metastatic lesions after initial surgery on overall survival (OS) of patients presenting with metastatic medullary thyroid cance...
Chapter 261 – Veterinary Entomology

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the veterinary entomology, it deals with arthropod pests and vectors of disease agents to livestock, poultry, pets, and wildlife. It is allied with the fields of medical entomology, parasitology, animal sciences, veterinary medicine, and epidemiology. The main pests of veterinary concern are sucking and biting lice, biting flies, nonbiting muscoid flies, bot flies, fleas, and Acari (mites and ticks). A number of serious animal disease agents are transmitted by these arthropods. The worst of these are tropical, and they cause death and heavy production losses in the affected countries. African trypanosomiasis causes a wasting-type disease known as nagana in animals and sleeping sickness in humans, and Theileria parva, called East Coast fever, can cause 90–100% mortality in affected cattle in eastern Africa. Temperate zones also have some rather important arthropod transmitted animal disease agents, including Anaplasma, dog heartworm, and equine infectious anemia virus. In the United States and Europe, the direct effects of arthropods on animal production generally exceed losses caused by arthropod-transmitted diseases.
Analysis of risk factors for accidental injury of children in emergency department of children' s hospital

Objective To understand the status of accidental injury children in emergency department of children' s hospital and discuss the risk factors of accidental injury in children to provide a scientific basis of prevention. Methods This study investigate parents on-site by questionnaire. We investigate 68 cases whose ages were 0~10 years. They came to emergency department due to accident. The investigation includes the incidence of accidental injuries, risk factors, and then a multi-factor logistic regression analysis would be done.Results The protective factor for children is mothers with high education level and children attending school.Children who have been injured in accident is the risk factor. Conclusions The occurrence of accidental injuries of children is the result of interaction of multiple factors, each factor should be taken for comprehensive preventive measures. Key words: Children; Accidental injuries; Risk factors; Logistic regression analysis
Driving Me to Drink: The Relationship between Ride-Hailing Services and Alcohol Consumption

Background: Alcohol consumption is associated with a wide range of adverse health consequences and is a leading cause of preventable deaths. Ride hailing services such as Uber have been found prevent alcohol-related motor vehicle fatalities. These services may, however, facilitate alcohol consumption generally and binge drinking in particular. Objective: To measure the impact of ride hailing services on the extent and intensity of alcohol consumption. We allow these associations to depend on population density as the utilization of ride hailing services likely varies across markets. Methods: We exploit the phased rollout of the ride hailing platform Uber using a difference in differences approach. We use this variation to measure changes in alcohol consumption among a local population following Uber’s entry. Data are drawn from Uber press releases to capture platform entry and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Systems (BRFSS) Annual Survey measures alcohol consumption in 113 metropolitan areas. Models are estimated using fixed effects Poisson regression. Pre- and post-entry trends are used to validate this approach. Results: Ride hailing has no effect on the extent of alcohol consumption in high- 0.61 [95% CI: - 0.05% to 1.28%] or low- 0.61 [95% CI: -0.05% to 1.28%] density markets, but increases the binge drinking rate by 0.71 [95% CI: 0.13% to 1.29%]. This corresponds to a 4% increase in binge-drinking within an MSA. Conclusion: Ride hailing services appear to stimulate risky behavior, in the form of binge drinking, which has been associated with a wide array of adverse health outcomes. Drunk driving rates have fallen for more than a decade, while the incidence of binge drinking has continued to climb. Both trends may be accelerated by ride hailing services. This suggests that health information messaging should increase emphasis on the direct dangers of alcohol consumption and binge drinking.
Addressing the “Wicked” Problems in Machine Learning Applications – Time for Bioethical Agility

“I think we should be very careful about artificial intelligence. If I had to guess at what our biggest existential threat is, it’s probably that.” Elon Musk AeroAstro Centennial Symposium Massachu...
The complex relationship between indigeneity and class in South East Asia

In South East Asia, the relationship between ethnicity and class has been long, complex and at times contradictory. Throughout much of the twentieth century and especially from the 1940s to the 198...
Evaluating the Impact of Algorithm Confidence Ratings on Human Decision Making in Visual Search

As the ability to collect and store data grows, so does the need to efficiently analyze that data. As human-machine teams that use machine learning (ML) algorithms as a way to inform human decision-making grow in popularity it becomes increasingly critical to understand the optimal methods of implementing algorithm assisted search. In order to better understand how algorithm confidence values associated with object identification can influence participant accuracy and response times during a visual search task, we compared models that provided appropriate confidence, random confidence, and no confidence, as well as a model biased toward over confidence and a model biased toward under confidence. Results indicate that randomized confidence is likely harmful to performance while non-random confidence values are likely better than no confidence value for maintaining accuracy over time. Providing participants with appropriate confidence values did not seem to benefit performance any more than providing participants with under or over confident models.
Conventional microscopy makes perikymata count and spacing data feasible for large samples.

OBJECTIVES Current methods of quantifying defects of dental enamel (DDE) include either gross or low-level examination for linear enamel hypoplasia, histological analysis of striae of Retzius, or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of a tooth or a tooth cast. Gross examination has been shown to miss many defects. Other methods can be destructive, require transporting samples, and are expensive. Here, we show that digital light microscopy (DLM) can be used for the analysis of DDE as indicated by widened perikymata spacing (WPS). This method takes advantage of high-power (100×) microscopy, but is non-destructive, can be implemented almost anywhere, and is inexpensive. MATERIALS AND METHODS As proof of concept, we created photomontages of labial surfaces of five human canines from images made using DLM and SEM. We counted and measured the widths of all visible perikymata for each imaging modality and fit measurements to a negative curve representing the expected values for each tooth. We calculated residuals for each measurement. WPS were defined when R2 was in the 90th percentile, and were considered matched in DLM and SEM images when observed within the same decile of the tooth surface. RESULTS There were more WPS detected in the images derived from DLM than from SEM. Overall, the data derived from the two imaging modalities provided similar information about the frequency and timing of stress during dental development. CONCLUSIONS The method described here allows for DDE data acquisition as WPS from large samples, making feasible population-level studies that reflect sophisticated understanding of dental development.
Maternal Diet During Pregnancy and Lactation and Child Food Preferences, Dietary Patterns, and Weight Outcomes: a Review of Recent Research

Efforts to promote children’s preferences for healthy foods hold much potential for improving diet quality and preventing obesity. The purpose of this review was to summarize recent evidence for associations between maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation and child food preferences, dietary patterns, and weight outcomes. Recent research illustrates greater maternal vegetable intakes during pregnancy and lactation predict greater child preferences for and intakes of vegetables. Recent randomized clinical trials to improve maternal weight outcomes during the perinatal period via behavioral lifestyle interventions that included dietary components have yielded mixed findings for effects on child weight outcomes. There is strong evidence that maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation shapes flavor preferences during infancy; more research is needed to understand factors that facilitate versus hinder the translation of these preferences to later dietary patterns and weight outcomes.
Modern Dance for Basketball Players

(1981). Modern Dance for Basketball Players. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 32-34.
Changing course: a reply.

My suggestions for the future of the experimental analysis of behavior (EAB; Vyse, 2013) were based on a few assumptions: (a) In comparison to other areas of behavioral science, EAB is not as strong as it once was nor as strong as many in the field would like it to be; (b) a sign of that relative weakness can be seen in the current state of EAB research, too much of which is concerned with esoteric questions that have little relevance for other behavioral scientists; and (c) many of our traditional research topics and methodologies may have largely run their course. All but the last assumption—the most speculative of the group—echoed the observations and concerns of others (Friman, 2010; Pilgrim, 2011; Poling, 2010; Poling & Edwards, 2011; Schlinger, 2010). I also offered some specific proposals for strengthening the discipline, including (a) seeking out new methodologies, experimental questions, and publishing outlets; (b) broadening the methodological training of graduate students in basic behavior analysis; and (c) rejoining mainstream behavioral science. All the commentary authors find points of agreement with my arguments, but they also raise a number of objections.
EFFECTS OF IRRADIATION ON COLOR AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBON MONOXIDE-MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGED BEEF

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of irradiation dose on color of CO-modified atmosphere packaging packaged beef during storage. Beef cubes were placed in glass containers, gas-flushed with CO/CO2/N2 then refrigerated for 22 days. Raw beef, sweaty and rancid odors decreased during storage. Samples irradiated at <1.0 kGy were visually redder and had higher a* values than those irradiated at higher doses. Visual green color of samples irradiated at the higher doses increased during storage. The chroma of all samples decreased over time, indicating that sample color was becoming less intense. Hue angles increased, indicating they were becoming less red. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Preserving the color of beef during the irradiation process would allow the practice to produce a more consumer-acceptable product. Use of carbon monoxide, which binds strongly to myoglobin, has the potential for stabilizing color. Understanding the range of irradiation dose within which this is useful is important. In addition, alterations in product odor due to irradiation even if the color was stable could have detrimental effects on product acceptability.
Iterative Hadoop MapReduce-Based Subgraph Enumeration in Network Motif Analysis

Finding network motifs in biological networks is a computationally intensive task as it involves traversing through a large network to enumerate all possible sub graphs of a given size, and then determining their statistical uniqueness by sampling sub graphs from a large number (more than 1,000) of random graph pools. There have been parallelization efforts in the past to mitigate the computational intensity for finding network motifs. However, they are either more for the frequent sub graphs in networks rather than network motifs, or require complex manipulations on message passing or designs. Additionally, most of the parallel algorithms are unavailable as tools for use. In this paper, we introduce a project of 'complete network motif parallelization.' This project aims to improve performance of serial algorithms for finding sub graphs in PPI networks - ESU algorithm and McKay's canonical labeling algorithm - by parallel zing them using iterative Hadoop MapReduce on Google Cloud, and then determining their uniqueness through explicit or direct random graph generation. In this paper, we describe the parallelization of ESU and McKay's canonical algorithms and present the experimental results with a significant improvement in performance, up to 37 times speedup. We are continuing to parallelize network motif significance as a next step, and expecting the completion of the project in near future.
Reduction of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease Expression After Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia in Rats: Implication of the Failure of DNA Repair in Neuronal Apoptosis

Background and Purpose—To clarify the relationship between apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE/Ref-1), a multifunctional protein in the DNA base excision repair pathway, and delayed neuronal cell death associated with apoptosis, we examined the expression of APE/Ref-1 before and after transient global ischemia in rats. Methods—Global ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and hypotension. Expression of the APE/Ref-1 protein was evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. Apoptosis after global ischemia was observed by DNA electrophoresis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated uridine 5′-triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Results—Immunohistochemistry showed the nuclear expression of APE/Ref-1 in the control brains. Nuclear immunoreactivity of APE/Ref-1 was significantly decreased 2 days after 10 minutes of ischemia in the hippocampal CA1 subregion. Western blot analysis of a sample from the normal brains showed a characteristic...
Recovery, Repair, and Mutagenesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an account of recovery, repair, and mutation processes in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe . Some of the aspects such as the cell cycle, macromolecular synthesis, and cell synchrony are documented to give an idea of the potential and experimental usefulness of S. pombe . In addition, the differences from S. cerevisiae are discussed, particularly as they relate to evolutionary considerations. The difference between the mitotic control of the two yeasts, Saccharomyces and Schizosaccharomyces , lies mainly in the size requirement at mitosis peculiar to S. pombe . It therefore involves some kinds of controls that are not required in budding yeasts. Furthermore, it is quite remarkable how the studies of repair and recovery using two yeasts, S. cerevisiae and S. pombe, reveal a number of important differences. The lack of photoreactivation in radiation-resistant microbes, such as S. pombe makes sense, as there may always be very efficient dark repair systems that can cope with DNA damage. Similarly, in haploid organisms where the life cycle is predominantly in G 2, the major repair system may be of the recombinational repair type.
Buy-side trades and sell-side recommendations: Interactions and information content

We examine the performance of buy-side institutional investor trades and sell-side brokerage analyst stock recommendations, as well as their interactions. Buy-side trades follow sell-side analyst recommendations but not the other way around. While buy-side purchases significantly outperform their sales, the difference in performance is largely concentrated on the day of the transaction. Following recommendation changes, buy-side trades in the same direction as the recommendation change earn the same returns as trades in the opposite direction. Therefore, institutional investors do not exhibit special skills in discerning the quality of recommendations.
Circum-annual changes in triglyceride fatty acids of bat brown adipose tissue.

A circum-annual study of the fatty acids of brown adipose tissue triglycerides ofEptesicus fuscus has demonstrated a rhythmic pattern of change. This is seen as a reciprocal shift of the levels of oleic and linoleic acids. Oleic acid levels are lower during the summer months and higher in the winter months. Levels of palmitic and linoleic acids reach maximal values in midsummer and fall significantly during the winter.
PCP from the other side: users look at phencyclidine.

(1979). PCP From the Other Side: Users Look at Phencyclidine. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 231-238.