cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Money, Value, and Circulation

The historical foundation for the terms expressed value and intrinsic value reflect the debate about economic value. As we read Jane Austen’s fiction, it is also difficult not to consider her characterizations as reflecting realities she exposed, supplementing our reading with historical data and other fictional and nonfictional representations of the time in order to ground our understanding within the lived reality of her contemporary readers. Concerns about the balance of trade, the existence of credit, the use and regulation of paper money, the distribution and redistribution of wealth, the division of labor, and the value of commerce are reflected in various pamphlets and treatises published in this period. Overlapping with the ongoing debate about value among the economic writers was the development of the novel—most notably for this study, popular circulation narratives that not only reveal the reading public’s fascination with circulating money, but also expose the split between the stamped coin’s intrinsic value and the paper bank-note’s mere expressed value—a tension between types of value that Jane Austen will also explore as she creates her female fictional characters. Finally, Adam Smith’s economic treatises eventually come to represent the culmination of the evolving thought about expressed and intrinsic value. A chief concern at this time was the possibility of class mobility, which was often achieved through marriage. Thus the marriage market structure at the center of Austen’s novels was developed to control this movement.
Comment on 'Market and Management Failures' (by Pankaj Ghemawat)

This paper is a comment on 'Market and Management Failures' (by Pankaj Ghemawat) which can be found at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2963089.
On (not) defining cognition

Should cognitive scientists be any more embarrassed about their lack of a discipline-fixing definition of cognition than biologists are about their inability to define “life”? My answer is “no”. Philosophers seeking a unique “mark of the cognitive” or less onerous but nevertheless categorical characterizations of cognition are working at a level of analysis upon which hangs nothing that either cognitive scientists or philosophers of cognitive science should care about. In contrast, I advocate a pluralistic stance towards uses of the term ‘cognition’ that eschews the urge to treat cognition as a metaphysically well-defined “natural” kind.
Molecular architecture of mouse and human pancreatic zymogen granules: protein components and their copy numbers

A molecular model of pancreatic zymogen granule (ZG) is critical for understanding its functions. We have extensively characterized the composition and membrane topology of rat ZG proteins. In this study, we report the development of targeted proteomics approaches to quantify representative mouse and human ZG proteins using LC-SRM and heavy isotope-labeled synthetic peptides. The absolute quantities of mouse Rab3D and VAMP8 were determined as 1242 ± 218 and 2039 ± 151 (mean ± SEM) copies per ZG. The size distribution and the averaged diameter of ZGs 750 ± 23 nm (mean ± SEM) were determined by atomic force microscopy. The absolute quantification of Rab3D was then validated using semi-quantitative Western blotting with purified GST-Rab3D proteins as an internal standard. To extend our proteomics analysis to human pancreas, ZGs were purified using human acini obtained from pancreatic islet transplantation center. One hundred and eighty human ZG proteins were identified for the first time including both the membrane and the content proteins. Furthermore, the copy number per ZG of human Rab3D and VAMP8 were determined to be 1182 ± 45 and 485 ± 15 (mean ± SEM). The comprehensive proteomic analyses of mouse and human pancreatic ZGs have the potential to identify species-specific ZG proteins. The determination of protein copy numbers on pancreatic ZGs represents a significant advance towards building a quantitative molecular model of a prototypical secretory vesicle using targeted proteomics approaches. The identification of human ZG proteins lays a foundation for subsequent studies of altered ZG compositions and secretion in pancreatic diseases.
Imprecise lexical superiority and the (slightly less) Repugnant Conclusion

Recently, Derek Parfit has offered a novel solution to the “Repugnant Conclusion” that compared with the existence of many people whose quality of life would be very high, there is some much larger number of people whose existence would be better but whose lives would be barely worth living. On this solution, qualitative differences between two populations will often entail that the populations are merely “imprecisely” comparable. According to Parfit, this fact allows us to avoid the Repugnant Conclusion without violating the transitivity of better than. In this paper, I argue that Parfit’s view nevertheless implies two objectionable conclusions. The first is an alternative version of the Repugnant Conclusion that, Parfit suggests, may not be all that repugnant. The second is a revised version of the first that is nearly identical to the Repugnant Conclusion. I conclude that Parfit’s view offers no escape from repugnance.
An Introduction to Cocycle Super-Rigidity

The cocycle super-rigidity theorem is a central result in the study of dynamics of semisimple Lie groups and lattices. We give an overview of the main ideas centered on this theorem and some of its most immediate applications. The emphasis will be on the topological and differentiable (as opposed to measurable) aspects of the theory.
Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. Evolution of a concept.

Etude historique. Evolution des tendances quant au traitement. Actuellement il est conseille d'eviter les drainages, en raison des risques importants. L'excision complete, avec ablation d'une marge de tissu sain, est indiquee surtout pour les adenomes kystiques mucineux
The probability of detecting the origin of nondisjunction of autosomal trisomies.

Abstract For studying the biology of autosomal trisomies it is necessary to establish the parental origin and meiotic stage of nondisjunction by using genetic markers. Theoretical formulas are obtained for calculating the probability of establishing (1) parental origin and meiotic stage of nondisjunction by using a centromeric marker, (2) parental origin of nondisjunction by using a noncentromeric marker, and (3) meiotic stage, given parental origin of nondisjunction. These theoretical calculations demonstrate that parental origin of nondisjunction can be identified with virtual certainty by utilizing multiple genetic markers along a chromosome arm. Centromeric markers are by themselves inefficient for determining meiotic stage of the error, but the efficiency can be considerably increased if parental origin is known with certainty. Even then, multiple centromeric markers may be necessary.
REFINING OF URANIUM

Several of the contaminants of uranium can be removed or controlled by vacuum melting and liquation. The lower limits of carbon content which can be attained by liquation in urania crucibles are 22...
A Qualitative Examination of the Relationship Between Body Image and Sexual Behavior: Perceptions from Latina and African American Adolescent Girls and Their Maternal Caregivers

Although prior work suggests that how adolescent girls feel about their body is associated with their sexual behavior, we have less insight into the reasons why. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 African American adolescent girls (11–14 years of age), 18 Latina adolescents (14–17 years of age), and their maternal caregivers to explore why this association may exist. Both adolescent girls and their maternal caregivers were asked “Who is more likely to have sex, a girl who likes the way her body looks or a girl who doesn’t like the way her body looks?” A similar question was asked about condom use. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and coded for emergent themes using thematic analysis. Participants’ responded that both girls with a positive body image and those with a negative body image may be likely to have sex because of self- and body-esteem. Two sub-themes emerged that further explained why low self- and body-esteem mattered for girls who have a negative perception of their body: (a) feeling appreciated (b) easily persuaded. Most participants noted that girls with a positive body image perception would be more likely to use condoms. Emergent themes for using condoms were: (a) pregnancy/STI protection; and (b) body preservation. Our findings have implications for empirically exploring the pathways through which body image perceptions relate to adolescent sexual behaviors, and the possibility that universal prevention programs may not resonate similarly for all adolescent girls.
Control of non-respiratory metabolism by tissue oxygen.

For a number of years the experimental observation that extraction of many intracellular enzymes resulted in their inactivation was considered a pure artifact. The mechanism of inactivation was shown to be the S-thiolation of thiol groups necessary for enzymic activity. How then could these enzymes remain active in situ? In 1970 Brian Hartley suggested that cells may be totally anoxic. On closer examination, this apparently heretical view had real merit. The major oxygen-consuming enzyme, cytochrome a-a3, can use other electron acceptors, so oxygen might not be the physiological one. Early attempts to measure intracellular oxygen with very small Polarographic electrodes appeared to show complete anoxia (Steele, 1960). The findings with larger electrodes could perhaps be criticized on the grounds that they had torn the cell wall, permitting oxygen to leak in. In general, studies with leuco-dyes could also have alternate explanations in that the color changes could be brought about by other electron acceptors. However, the introduction of dyes whose fluorescence is specifically quenched by oxygen in biological systems showed that the anoxia theory was untenable (Longmuir and Knopp, 1972). How then do thiol enzymes retain their activity? In 1976 Chance showed that perfusion of liver with solutions having a very high partial pressure of oxygen resulted in an efflux of oxidized glutathione (GSSG).
Pharmacology of Aqueous Humor Formation

Ocular aqueous humor circulation and drainage are essential in maintaining intraocular pressure and keeping avascular tissues of the anterior segment healthy. Slowing aqueous flow decreases intraocular pressure and provides a means of treating glaucoma. The classes of drugs that reduce aqueous flow are beta (β) blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, alpha-2 (α2) adrenergic agonists, and other sympathomimetics. These drugs work by different mechanisms to achieve the same effect. Stimulating aqueous flow increases intraocular pressure and may provide a means of treating hypotony. Effective aqueous flow stimulants remain elusive. Aqueous humor production and the pharmacological ways to alter it are the topics of this article.
The Role of a Low Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyol Diet in Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity.

Background. Nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a recently defined clinical entity characterized by intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms associated with gluten ingestion in individuals in whom celiac disease (CD) or wheat allergy (WA) has been excluded. Despite its name and definition, gluten has been shown to precipitate symptoms in only 16–30% of these patients. In addition to gluten, other components of wheat, including fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs), alpha-amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) and wheat germ agglutinin have been implicated in the causation of the symptoms of NCGS, with FODMAPs garnering the most attention. We present a review of the existing literature evaluating the role of FODMAPs in NCGS symptomatology. Methods. A systematic review of PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for keywords fructans, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, NCGS, FODMAPs, and gluten-free diet (GFD) was conducted through a series of advanced searches. Articles related to the use of fructans or FODMAPs were analyzed. Results. FODMAPs were found to be associated with gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms in NCGS. Conclusions. A low FODMAP diet has potential for improvement of clinical symptoms in NCGS. In addition, some evidence suggests an additional benefit to simultaneous adherence to both low FODMAP diet and GFD.
Professional Development for the Experienced Music Educator: A Review of Recent Literature:

There is a rich body of literature on professional development in music education, including research that has examined the professional development needs of experienced music teachers specifically...
Effects of field of view and stereo graphics on memory in immersive command and control

Understanding what factors contribute to performance in virtual environments is key to designing future systems for training and teleoperation. The military is already a large user of virtual reality for training and may use virtual reality for real-time operations in the future for command and control. This research aims to identify what effects manipulating the field of view and the use of stereoscopic graphics have on performance of memory-based tasks. Presence, situation awareness, workload and simulator sickness were measured. The results of a controlled study with 100 subjects did not find a statistically significant relationship between field of view or stereo and memory performance. The results also indicated that memory performance is significantly correlated positively with situation awareness and negatively with frustration. This research indicates that the use of stereo graphics and large displays do not necessarily increase situation awareness in all contexts, but that systems should strive for higher situation awareness in order to increase a user's memory of the simulation.
Opportunities for strengthening CTSA evaluation.

The purpose of the article is to describe the progress of the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program to address the evaluation-related recommendations made by the 2013 Institute of Medicine’s review of the CTSA Program and guidelines published in CTS Journal the same year (Trochim et al., Clinical and Translational Science 2013; 6(4): 303–309). We utilize data from a 2018 national survey of evaluators administered to all 64 CTSA hubs and a content analysis of the role of evaluation in the CTSA Program Funding Opportunity Announcements to document progress. We present four new opportunities for further strengthening CTSA evaluation efforts: (1) continue to build the collaborative evaluation infrastructure at local and national levels; (2) make better use of existing data; (3) strengthen and augment the common metrics initiative; and (4) pursue internal and external opportunities to evaluate the CTSA program at the national level. This article will be of significant interest to the funders of the CTSA Program and the multiple stakeholders in the larger consortium and will promote dialog from the broad range of CTSA stakeholders about further strengthening the CTSA Program’s evaluation.
Heterosexual and sexual minority adoptive parents’ help-seeking and service satisfaction of pediatricians and mental health providers:

The aim of our study was to examine the associations between heterosexual and sexual minority adoptive parents’ adoption-related help-seeking and their service satisfaction with pediatricians and m...
Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Strategies to Age in Place

Date Presented 04/04/19 Deficits in ADL have been linked to the older adults’ ability to remain at home; little research has focused on the environmental modifications, equipment, and other strategies needed. This study used a technology survey and interviews to explore the ADL strategies used by community-dwelling older adults and their perspectives on factors impacting their ability to stay at home. Results will inform the development of effective ADL interventions using technology and environmental supports. Primary Author and Speaker: Kathleen Foley Additional Authors and Speakers: Jamie Gentry, Tralisa Myers, Lindsay Rankin, Kristin Shepard
Mean Field Evolutionary Dynamics in Ultra Dense Mobile Edge Computing Systems

In mobile edge computing(MEC), the computing resources used to be centralized on the core cloud are extended to the mobile edge hosts (i.e. cloudlets) dispersedly deployed near the mobile users. In this new architecture, myriad of mobile terminals including vehicles, smart phones and different kinds of computers will form an ultra dense network. This motivates us to consider an ultra dense MEC system in which limited mobile edge hosts serve a relatively huge amount of mobile users. Considering the substantial amount and selfish manner of the users, we formulate the problem as a non-cooperative dynamic population game. The main contribution of this paper is as following. First, we consider the channel interference, average response time, load balance among servers and fairness (the variance of individual response time). Second, we propose an innovative mean field evolutionary approach which is robust to the channel interpolation as shown by the simulation results. Eventually, we consider a more challenging situation when the computing resources are rather limited.
Digital technology enablers and their implications for supply chain management

Several technologies drive digital trends and bring about change in SCM. They include AI and robotics, cloud computing, 3D printing, advanced analytics, blockchain, AR, RFID, IoT, and cloud technol...
A Rare Case of an Acute Confusional Migraine in an Adult (P1.9-043)

Objective: To report a rare case of a patient with a diagnosis of acute confusional migraine (ACM). Background: ACM is a diagnosis of exclusion and was historically seen in children and adolescents. This diagnosis is more easily identified when isolated from co-morbidities. It can however present in a patient with coexisting disease processes, making ACN difficult to diagnose which can delay the appropriate treatment and decrease quality of patient care. Design/Methods: Case report Results: A 27 years-old female patient with history of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) presented to the emergency department (ED) with multiple stereotypical spells with headache, altered mental status (AMS) and an aggressive behavior. Her baseline blood work and urine toxicology were normal. MRI brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was unremarkable. The next morning, her symptoms resolved with no re-collection of last 36 hours and was discharged to home. A week later, the patient presented in ED with same symptoms, however this time she was treated with antibiotics for urinary tract infection. The third episode brought the patient to ED with symptoms of altered mental status, slurred speech and aggression, and again the neurological and laboratory exam were normal. However, the EEG exam showed diffuse intermittent slowing in theta and delta waves with no epileptiform activity. Patient’s psychiatric evaluation was also unremarkable and the patient was discharged on topiramate with the diagnosis of ACM. Post discharge, patient did not have any clinical follow-up. Conclusions: Although ACM is uncommon in adult population but it can be considered a diagnosis of exclusion in patient presenting with headaches associated with AMS and no organic brain pathologies. Disclosure: Dr. Zafar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Noel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Farooqui has nothing to disclose. Dr. Suriya has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hatcher has nothing to disclose.
Present-day and future Greenland Ice Sheet precipitation frequency from CloudSat observations and the Community Earth System Model

Abstract. The dominant mass input component of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is precipitation, whose amounts and phase are poorly constrained by observations. Here we use spaceborne radar observations from CloudSat to map the precipitation frequency and phase on the GrIS, and we use those observations, in combination with a satellite simulator to enable direct comparison between observations and model, to evaluate present-day precipitation frequency in the Community Earth System Model (CESM). The observations show that substantial variability of snowfall frequency over the GrIS exists, that snowfall occurs throughout the year, and that snowfall frequency peaks in spring and fall. Rainfall is rare over the GrIS and only occurs in regions under 2000 m elevation and in the peak summer season. Although CESM overestimates the rainfall frequency, it reproduces the spatial and seasonal variability of precipitation frequency reasonably well. Driven by the high-emission, worst-case Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario, CESM indicates that rainfall frequency will increase considerably across the GrIS, and will occur at higher elevations, potentially exposing a much larger GrIS area to rain and associated meltwater refreezing, firn warming, and reduced storage capacity. This technique can be applied to evaluate precipitation frequency in other climate models and can aid in planning future satellite campaigns.
Differences in Loneliness Across the Rural-Urban Continuum Among Adults Living in Washington State

Purpose Rural residents may be at higher risk for loneliness than urban residents due to factors such as social isolation, poorer health, and socioeconomic disadvantage. To date, there have been few studies examining rural-urban differences in loneliness among adults in the United States. We examined differences in loneliness across the rural-urban continuum among adult residents living in Washington State. Methods Stratified random sampling was used to select 2,575 adults from small rural, large rural, suburban, and urban areas who were invited to complete a survey on factors affecting health. Data were obtained from 616 adults (278 from small rural, 100 from large rural, 98 from suburban, and 140 from urban areas) from June 2018 through October 2019. Loneliness was measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale (3rd version). Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were used to examine geographic differences in loneliness (measured continuously and dichotomously). Findings Mean unadjusted loneliness scores were lower in suburban compared to urban areas (35.06 vs 38.57, P = .03). The prevalence of loneliness was 50.7%, 59.0%, 40.8%, and 54.3% in small rural, large rural, suburban, and urban areas, respectively. Suburban living was associated with lower odds for being lonely compared to urban living (unadjusted OR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.34-0.98), but this association was not statistically significant in the adjusted model (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.33-1.19). Conclusion Loneliness is a prevalent health issue across the rural-urban continuum among Washington State adults.
EVALUATION OF RADIOMICS AND MACHINE LEARNING IN IDENTIFICATION OF AGGRESSIVE TUMOR FEATURES IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (RCC)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of CT radiomics features and machine learning analysis to identify aggressive tumor features, including high nuclear grade (NG) and sarcomatoid (sarc) features, in large renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). CT-based volumetric radiomics analysis was performed on non-contrast (NC) and portal venous (PV) phase multidetector computed tomography images of large (> 7 cm) untreated RCCs in 141 patients (46W/95M, mean age 60 years). Machine learning analysis was applied to the extracted radiomics data to evaluate for association with high NG (grade 3–4), with multichannel analysis for NG performed in a subset of patients (n = 80). A similar analysis was performed in a sarcomatoid rich cohort (n = 43, 31M/12F, mean age 63.7 years) using size-matched non-sarcomatoid controls (n = 49) for identification of sarcomatoid change. The XG Boost Model performed best on the tested data. After manual and machine feature extraction, models consisted of 3, 7, 5, 10 radiomics features for NC sarc, PV sarc, NC NG and PV NG, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for these models was 0.59, 0.65, 0.69 and 0.58 respectively. The multichannel NG model extracted 6 radiomic features using the feature selection strategy and showed an AUC of 0.67. Statistically significant but weak associations between aggressive tumor features (high nuclear grade, sarcomatoid features) in large RCC were identified using 3D radiomics and machine learning analysis
Lateral corpectomy and reconstruction for thoracolumbar burst fractures with neurological injury

Abstract Spine injuries have substantial impact on quality of life, especially when neurologic injury is present, with significant associated healthcare costs. Most spine injuries occur within the thoracolumbar spine, with burst fractures representing a notable proportion. Unstable burst fractures with neurologic deficits come with difficult evaluation and management decisions. Treatment of these injuries has substantially evolved over the last 2 decades. Options for operative management include anterior, posterior, and combined anterior-posterior approaches. Posterior approaches allow for stabilization of fractures, but come with challenges of performing an adequate decompression in the setting of neurologic deficit. Anterior approaches allow for direct decompression, but traditional approaches have noteworthy complications. Growth of minimally invasive spine surgery has helped to mitigate some risks associated with traditional open approaches. Minimally invasive anterior decompression with percutaneous posterior stabilization represents a reasonable management option in unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures with neurologic deficit.
Statistical power of mobile acoustic monitoring to detect population change in southeastern U.S. bat species, a case study

Abstract Bat populations in eastern North America have experienced precipitous declines following the spread of white-nose syndrome (WNS) and other population stressors. It is imperative to understand changes in bat populations as WNS spreads to provide appropriate guidance for species management. We developed generalized linear mixed-models of population trend and habitat associations for five indicator bat species on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Mobile Acoustic Bat Monitoring program routes across 86 sites in the southeastern United States from 2012 to 2017. We estimated substantial declining annual trends in relative abundance of tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus; −15.1% [−20.6 to −9.1% 95% CI]) and little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus; −13.9% [−22.9 to −3.8% 95% CI]). Relative abundance of bat species increased throughout the summer, and associated positively with the amount of woody cover along survey routes in all but P. subflavus. Fewer evening bats (Nycticeius humeralis) and eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) were detected along more developed routes. Using these models, we conducted a prospective power analysis to examine sampling effort necessary to detect moderate to catastrophic population changes in bat populations. We estimated that it would require 10–20 years of surveys on 50–100 routes to detect 5% annual declines in all species at 80% power and α = 0.1. Detecting a 2.73% annual decline may require >200 surveys over >20 years; whereas a 1.14% annual decline was nearly impossible to detect via our program. We demonstrate and caution that underpowered monitoring programs may misrepresent the magnitude and/or sign of population trajectories. We recommend project-specific power analysis continue to be emphasized as an important study design component for effective long-term monitoring programs.
Development of Bulk InAsSb Alloys and Barrier Heterostructures for Long-Wave Infrared Detectors

Bulk unrelaxed InAsSb alloys with Sb compositions up to 65% were grown on compositionally graded GaInSb and AlInSb buffers on GaSb substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The minimum energy gap for these materials at T = 77 K was estimated to be 90 meV. Benchmark material parameters were measured for barrier photodetector heterostructures with 1-μm-thick InAs0.6Sb0.4 absorbers. A minority hole lifetime of 185 ns and a diffusion length of 9 μm at T = 77 K were determined from the transient response of barrier heterostructures. The data imply a hole mobility of 103 cm2/Vs, which was confirmed with frequency response measurements. A 100-μm square mesa contact nBn heterostructure demonstrated a −3 dB frequency response bandwidth of 50 MHz.
Synchronous Learning: Is there a future?

Over the last several years many studies have addressed eLearning, and 'distance education,' by asynchronous learning methods. This survey research study applies principles of augmented or mediated reality together with Blackboard's Wimba collaborative tool to explore students perceptions of the effectiveness of the synchronous classroom. Students were able to self-select their favored method of instruction by using principles of observation research: full participant (on a computer at home); participant-observer (on laptop in class); and observer-participant (in class observing and participating, no laptop). Davis (1986) Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Rogers' (1995) Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) were used to guide the creation of a survey instrument utilizing Google Drive's Form tool. Several of the TAM model's constructs were used: perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), behavioral intention to use, and attitude towards use of the software (Wimba). It was determined real-time, synchronous instruction within a self-selection of augmented reality seems to offer much for the student.
SECRETS: A Secure Real-Time Multimedia Surveillance System

We propose a surveillance framework (SECRETS: SECure Real-time ElecTronic Surveillance) that is a practical solution to safeguarding sensitive physical facilities like command and control centers, missile storage facilities, by providing controlled secure distribution of live multimedia data recorded on-site onto display devices with different access permissions in a multi-level secure environment. SECRETSuses cameras and microphones as input devices and handheld radio linked displays as output devices. The geographical location of an input device determines its security level and the classification of the holder determines the security level of an output device. In SECRETS only those recipients with corresponding security classifications receive live media streams, but during emergencies, they can receive pre-computed emergency instructions and/or cover stories. We use SMIL [Aya01] formatted, multimedia feeds including cover stories, and explain how SECRETS can compose necessary multimedia documents, compute views for each security classification, enforce access control and deliver media to the handheld devices while respecting both wealthy run time semantics [KFW03b] of multimedia as well as MLS security [KFW03b].
The role of f modes in the inversion of high-l rotational splittings

The contribution of the solar f modes of oscillation to the inversion of high-degree rotational splitting data is examined. We find that the f modes play an important role in such inversions as revealed by the magnitude of their weighting coefficients c i . This may be attributed to the single-peaked structure of the f-mode kernels, which is similar to that of the desired averaging kernels and in contrast to the many-peaked shape of the higher-order kernels. The high weight placed on the f modes in the inversions raises issues for observational techniques since the f modes possess modest power levels and their detection is influenced by the choice of spatial filtering.
Characterizing the effect of Bortezomib on Rift Valley Fever Virus multiplication.

This work was embargoed by the author and will not be publicly available until October 2015.
Big Data, Big Questions| This One Does Not Go Up To 11: The Quantified Self Movement as an Alternative Big Data Practice

Big data is often seen in terms of powerful institutions managing the actions of populations through data. This ethnography of the Quantified Self movement, where participants collect extensive data about their own bodies, identifies practices that go beyond simply internalizing predetermined frameworks. The QS movement attracts the most hungrily panoptical of the data aggregation businesses in addition to people who have developed their own notions of analytics that are separate from, and in relation to, dominant practices of firms and institutionalized scientific production. Their practices constitute an important modality of resistance to dominant modes of living with data, an approach that we call “soft resistance.” Soft resistance happens when participants assume multiple roles as project designers, data collectors, and critical sense-makers who rapidly shift priorities. This constant shifting keeps data sets fragmented and thus creates material resistance to traditional modes of data aggregation. It also breaks the categories that make traditional aggregations appear authoritative. This enables participants to partially yet significantly escape the frames created by the biopolitics of the health technology industry.
Myogenin, MyoD, and myosin expression after pharmacologically and surgically induced hypertrophy

The relationship between myogenin or MyoD expression and hypertrophy of the rat soleus produced either by clenbuterol and 3,3', 5-triiodo-L-thyronine (CT) treatment or by surgical overload was examined. Mature female rats were subjected to surgical overload of the right soleus with the left soleus serving as a control. Another group received the same surgical treatment but were administered CT. Soleus muscles were harvested 4 wk after surgical overload and weighed. Myosin heavy chain isoforms were separated by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis while myogenin and MyoD expression were evaluated by Northern analysis. CT and functional overload increased soleus muscle weight. CT treatment induced the appearance of the fast type IIX myosin heavy chain isoform, depressed myogenin expression, and induced MyoD expression. However, functional overload did not alter myogenin or MyoD expression in CT-treated or non-CT-treated rats. Thus pharmacologically and surgically induced hypertrophy have differing effects on myogenin and MyoD expression, because their levels were associated with changes in myosin heavy chain composition (especially type IIX) rather than changes in muscle mass.
CT diagnosis of toxic brain injury in cyanide poisoning: considerations for forensic medicine

Two deaths occurred after ingestion of cyanide-containing Extra-Strength Excedrin capsules. Cranial CT scans obtained within 3 hr of each patient's collapse showed diffuse cerebral swelling and loss of gray-white differentiation. Most diffuse cerebral insults (hypoxia, ischemia) do not show such changes so soon after injury. The early onset of diffuse cerebral edema with loss of gray-white differentiation may be a clue to the diagnosis of acute cyanide poisoning.
Rediscovering Internal Strengths of the Aged: The Beneficial Impact of Wisdom, Mastery, Purpose in Life, and Spirituality on Aging Well

What explains aging and dying well? Previous research primarily examined the effects of objective life conditions (e.g., physical health, finances, socioeconomic status, age, social relationships) on older adults’ subjective well-being, whereas their internal strengths have often been ignored. Applying theories of life-long psychosocial growth and the life course principles of life span development and human agency, and using a sample of 144 older community residents, nursing home residents, and hospice patients (aged 56+) living in North Central Florida, this study investigated the effects of older people’s psychosocial strengths (their wisdom, mastery, purpose in life) and spirituality on subjective well-being and death attitudes. Wisdom was defined and operationalized as a combination of cognitive, reflective, and compassionate personality characteristics. Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that, contrary to situational theory, internal strengths of the aged had a stronger effect on greater subjective well-being and less death fear than on objective circumstances.
Phosphovanadylite: a new vanadium phosphate mineral with a zeolite-type structure

Phosphovanadylite, whose simplified formula is (Ba,Ca,K,Na), [(V,Al) 4 P 2 (O,OH) 16 ] . 12H 2 O, is a new vanadium phosphate zeolite mineral found in the Phosphoria Formation at Monsanto9s Enoch Valley Mine, Soda Springs, Idaho. Its formula in more detail is (Ba (sub 0.38) Ca (sub 0.20) K (sub 0.06) Na (sub 0.02) ) (sub Sigma 0.66) [P 2 (V (sub 3.44) A (sub 10.46) ) (sub Sigma 3.90) O (sub 10.34) (OH) (sub 5.66) ] . 12H 2 O). The drusy mineral occurs as pale greenish-blue euhedral cubes (20-50) mu m edge) coating phosphatic, organic-rich mudstone. The chemical composition determined by electron microprobe is (in weight percent) V-28.02, P-9.91, A1-1.97, Ca-1.31, Ba-8.28, Cd-0.09, Zn-0.34, Na-0.15, K-0.73, O-46.57, and F-0.03. The index of refraction is n D = 1.566 (4) and specific gravity is 2.16 (3). The X-ray powder pattern shows strong reflections at 3.16 Aa (422), 2.58 (600), 2.44 (620), and 7.73 (200), which are indexed on the basis of a cubic body-centered unit cell with a = 15.470 (4) Aa. From the single-crystal structure analysis, its space group was determined to be I43m, Z = 6, and its structure consists of V 4 O 16 octahedral clusters linked to each other by P atoms to form a cubic lattice, creating cavities 7.0 and 5.5 Aa in diameter where mainly H 2 O resides. Final residual indexes are R = 0.066, R w = 0.061, goodness-of-fit = 0.75, and 93 observations and 24 parameters.
Missing hospital records: A confounding variable in retrospective studies☆

In retrospective chart reviews there are often a certain number of missing hospital records. To elucidate this variable we compared the outcomes of very low birth weight breech infants with respect to the method of collecting data. A prospective sampling, during the hospital stay, of data was performed in 1979 to 1980 and in 1983 to 1984, and the frequencies of very low birth weight were 1.89 and 1.90, respectively, per 1000 live births. For 1981 to 1982 a retrospective record search was performed with the use of the ordinary medical record search system at this institution. For this period 39 of 52 (75%) hospital records were recovered, giving an apparent frequency of 1.32/1000 live births, which differed significantly from either period studied prospectively. An analysis of demographic data of the three groups revealed that the mean gestational age and the mean birth weights were higher in the period studied retrospectively compared with both periods studied prospectively and that the neonatal mortality rates were higher in the periods studied prospectively (74.1% and 57.1%, respectively) than in the period studied retrospectively (28.2%). It is concluded that the more complicated a clinical case is, the more likely the record will not be found for retrospective chart review. This problem should be kept in mind, and it ought to be a requirement that the number of missing charts be stated in retrospective observational studies.
Fatigue Crack Growth Analyses of Aerospace Threaded Fasteners—Part II: Material/Stress State and Bolt Strength

Because fatigue failure in a threaded fastener can cause the loss of an aircraft, fatigue strength analyses are required. Understanding the material and stress state within the threads of the bolt was one objective of this research because this information would provide insight into the cyclic strength of the bolt. The second objective was to determine the fatigue strength in the threads of a nut-loaded, stainless steel, aerospace, roll-threaded bolt under tensile fatigue conditions. The resulting S-N curves can then be used to improve the accuracy of fatigue life estimations. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the residual stress in the thread root of the test bolts while light and scanning electron microscopy were used to image the thread root grain structure. Unflawed and flawed aerospace bolts were fatigue tested at a maximum stress (S) ranging from the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) to the surface endurance limit of the test bolt and at several loading ratios between 0.0<R<1.0. The cycles to failure (Nf) and corresponding stress (S) were recorded for 143 specimens., The thread root, residual compressive stress reached 65 % of the bolt UTS. The residual stresses are the result of the cold-rolled thread forming and grain distortion/alignment. The S-Nf plots showed a 10 % reduction in allowable fatigue stress due to a flaw. The unflawed bolt S-Nf curves showed typical variation with loading ratio (R) and reductions in fatigue strength below that of the fatigue strength of the bolt material (unnotched).
Interactions between Tat and TAR and human immunodeficiency virus replication are facilitated by human cyclin T1 but not cyclins T2a or T2b.

Abstract The transcriptional transactivator (Tat) from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does not function efficiently in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Only somatic cell hybrids between CHO and human cells and CHO cells containing human chromosome 12 (CHO12) support high levels of Tat transactivation. This restriction was mapped to interactions between Tat and TAR. Recently, human cyclin T1 was found to increase the binding of Tat to TAR and levels of Tat transactivation in rodent cells. By combining individually with CDK9, cyclin T1 or related cyclins T2a and T2b form distinct positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) complexes. In this report, we found that of these three cyclins, only cyclin T1 is encoded on human chromosome 12 and is responsible for its effects in CHO cells. Moreover, only human cyclin T1, not mouse cyclin T1 or human cyclins T2a or T2b, supported interactions between Tat and TAR in vitro . Finally, after introducing appropriate receptors and human cyclin T1 into CHO cells, they became permissive for infection by and replication of HIV.
Effects of hepatitis C virus infection and its recurrence after liver transplantation on functional performance and health-related quality of life

Our aim was to examine the effects of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, a leading cause of end-stage liver disease, and its recurrence after liver transplantation on functional performance and health-related quality of life. Functional performance, liver function, and HCV recurrence were assessed longitudinally in 75 adult transplant recipients (28 with HCV). Quality of life was reported once after transplantation. Functional performance improved through year 2 (P < 0.001) and then declined in those with HCV, whereas the others remained stable (P = 0.05). Time had a positive effect (beta = 0.22, P = 0.05) and HCV infection had a negative effect (beta = -0.28, P = 0.01) on post-transplant functional performance. Educational level (beta = 0.24, P < 0.05) and recent functional performance (beta = 0.31, P = 0.01) had positive effects on quality of life. HCV recurrence was associated with relatively poorer pretransplant functional performance, a greater rate of improvement through month 3 (P < 0.05), and abnormal transaminase values between years 1 and 2 (P < 0.001). Rehospitalization for recurrent HCV was associated with reduced functional performance (P < 0.05). Functional performance improves with time following liver transplantation, but HCV infection exerts an opposing and comparably strong effect. Post-transplant functional performance, in turn, directly affects post-transplant quality of life. Severe, recurrent HCV illness is associated with reduced functional performance.
To surprise and inform

In information overload regimes, it is necessary for messages to not only provide information but also to attract attention in the first place. Bayesian surprise is an information-theoretic functional that has been experimentally shown to measure the attraction of human attention. This paper studies the limits of reliable communication under a constraint on surprise so as to limit distraction: surprise-constrained capacity. It also considers attention-seeking capacity, where the goal is to maximize both information rate and surprise to attract attention. Properties of these functions are proven. There are no nontrivial tradeoffs for surprise-constrained capacity, but an interesting tradeoff arises for attention-seeking capacity; reversing the direction of constraint does not yield essentially equivalent problems.
Assessing the Practice of Hot Spots Policing Survey Results From a National Convenience Sample of Local Police Agencies

This study examined the practice of hot spots policing as reported by a convenience sample of predominantly large municipal police agencies. Police commonly defined hot spots in terms of micro plac...
A generalized methodology for estimating minimum fluidization velocity at elevated pressure and temperature

A generalized methodology for estimating minimum fluidization velocity at elevated pressure and temperature was developed on the basis of a general correlation for pressure drop through fixed beds of spherical particles proposed by Barnea and Mizrahi (1973) and extended by Barnea and Mednick (1975). Comparison with experimental results shows good agreement.
Diffuse Ferroelectric Phase-Transition and Cation Order in the Solid-Solution System Pb(Sc1/2nb1/2)O3-Pb(Sc1/2ta1/2)O3

Abstract Earlier studies1-3 have shown that in Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3 PST and Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3 which are simple cubic perovskites, the degree of ordering of the different B site cations in the ABO3 structure can be controlled thermally. Quenched disordered crystals and ceramics show diffuse dispersive dielectric properties, while well annealed ordered materials exhibit “normal” sharp first order transitions. In this work the solid solutions between PST and PSN are shown to permit control of both the centroid and the span of the diffuse Curie range. Since the depolarization curve can be modified by both composition and cation ordering, interesting pyroelectric effects are possible.
Protein 14-3-3σ Interacts with and Favors Cytoplasmic Subcellular Localization of the Glucocorticoid Receptor, Acting as a Negative Regulator of the Glucocorticoid Signaling Pathway

Abstract The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) α interacts with the highly conserved 14-3-3 family proteins. The latter bind phosphorylated serine/threonine residues of “partner” molecules and influence many signal transduction events by altering their subcellular localization and/or protecting them from proteolysis. To examine the physiologic role of 14-3-3 on the glucocorticoid-signaling pathway, we studied the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and transactivation properties of GRα in a cell line replete with or devoid of 14-3-3σ. We found that endogenous 14-3-3σ helped localize green fluorescent protein-fused GRα in the cytoplasm in the absence of ligand and potentiated its nuclear export after ligand withdrawal. 14-3-3σ also suppressed the transcriptional activity of GRα on a glucocorticoid-responsive promoter. Disruption of the classic nuclear export signal of 14-3-3σ inactivated its ability to influence the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and transactivation activity of GRα, whereas introduction of a mutation inactivating the binding activity of 14-3-3σ to some of its partner proteins did not. 14-3-3σ bound the ligand-binding domain of GRα through its COOH-terminal portion, in a partially ligand-dependent fashion, while it did not interact with “ligand-binding domain” of GRβ at all. These results suggest that 14-3-3σ functions as a negative regulator in the glucocorticoid signaling pathway, possibly by shifting the subcellular localization/circulation of this receptor toward the cytoplasm through its nuclear export signal. Since 14-3-3 proteins play significant roles in numerous cellular activities, such as cell cycle progression, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, these actions might indirectly influence the transcriptional activity of GRα. Conversely, through its 14-3-3 protein interactions, GRα may influence these processes.