cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Outcome-Based Action Study on Changes in Fitness, Blood Lipids, and Exercise Adherence, Using the Disconnected Values (Intervention) Model

The authors' purpose in this action study was to examine the effect of a 10-week intervention, using the Disconnected Values Model (DVM), on changes in selected measures of fitness, blood lipids, and exercise adherence among 51 university faculty (10 men and 41 women) from a school in the southeastern United States. The DVM is an intervention model that is intended to provide incentive to replace unhealthy with healthy behavioral patterns. Multivariate Mixed Model analyses indicated significantly improved fitness (ie, cardiovascular, strength, percent body fat) and lipid profile (eg, blood cholesterol, triglycerides) scores between pre- and postintervention on all measures (ps .05). Adherence for cardiovascular activity averaged 22 out of 30 sessions (73%), and strength-training adherence averaged 13 out of 20 sessions (65%). The results of this outcome-based study suggest that the DVM provides an effective cognitive-behavioral approach to promoting regular exercise.
Estimating regional construction cost differences: Theory and evidence

The economic theory of cost functions is employed to derive geographic cost differentials for construction projects located across the United States. Assuming a Cobb-Douglas production technology, cost function estimates are obtained and used to calculate the regional cost differentials for major US cities relative to Washington, DC. Explanations are provided for adjusting these regional cost differentials according to additional information available on input prices or expected future inflation rates specific to particular locations.
In Vivo Uterine Metabolism of Progesterone and 5α-Pregnane-3,20-Dione during the Synthesis and Release of Uteroglobin in Ovariectomized, Steroid-Treated Rabbits*

The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and uterine metabolism of progesterone (P) and 5apregnane- 3,20-dione (5α-DHP) during the synthesis of uteroglobin in the rabbit uterus have been studied. Oophorectomized rabbits with the uteri ligated received daily im injections of vehicle (C), P (0.5 mg/kg BW), estradiol (E2; 2 μg/kg BW), or P plus E2 for 5 days. The MCR of [MC]P and 5α-[3H]DHP, the uterine extraction of P and 5α-DHP, and the uterine concentration of P and 5α-DHP were measured. There were no differences of MCR between groups. The blood MCR of P was 235 ± 10 (SE) liters/day and of 5α-DHP was 452 ± 18 (SE) liters/day. The ratio of the concentration of [14C]P in uterine tissue to arterial blood [MC]P concentration was influenced by the prior administration of steroids (E2 > C = P + E2 > P). A significant portion of the uterine tissue 14C was present specifically as [MC]P; (35 ± 4% (SE) in P-treated animals; 53 ± 4% (SE) in P + E2-treated animals; 50 ± 10% (SE) in C-treated animals; and 65 ± 7% (SE) in E2...
Larval fishes in the zooplankton community of the North Pacific Central Gyre

Patterns of species structure are described for the larval fish assemblage in the North Pacific Central Gyre. About 30,000 larvae, primarily of mesopelagic fish species, were identified for 7 cruises. Samples were collected using Isaacs-Kidd plankton trawls on 6 cruises over a 4 1/2 year period; stratified samples were taken with an opening/closing bongo net on one late-summer cruise. Data on absolute and relative abundances, size ranges and summertime depth distributions of over 150 species of larvae are presented. The depth distribution and abundance of the ichthyoplankton are compared to those of the total zooplankton community. The larval assemblage is also examined with respect to the known adult mesopelagic fish assemblage. Seasonal changes in ichthyoplankton species structure occur but, within seasons, species structure is remarkably constant from year to year. Despite seasonal changes in species abundance and rank order of abundance, a constant cumulative frequency structure was found to exist in the ichthyoplankton, both between seasons and between years. The implications of this result are discussed in light of similar findings in a terrestrial community and with respect to possible mechanisms of regulation.
Genetic diversity of Pierce's disease strains and other pathotypes of Xylella fastidiosa

Strains of Xylella fastidiosa isolated from grape, almond, maple, and oleander were characterized by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-, repetitive extragenic palindromic element (REP)-, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR; contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) gel electrophoresis; plasmid content; and sequencing of the 16S-23S rRNA spacer region. Combining methods gave greater resolution of strain groupings than any single method. Strains isolated from grape with Pierce's disease (PD) from California, Florida, and Georgia showed greater than previously reported genetic variability, including plasmid contents, but formed a cluster based on analysis of RAPD-PCR products, NotI and SpeI genomic DNA fingerprints, and 16S-23S rRNA spacer region sequence. Two groupings of almond leaf scorch (ALS) strains were distinguished by RAPD-PCR and CHEF gel electrophoresis, but some ALS isolates were clustered within the PD group. RAPD-PCR, CHEF gel electrophoresis, and 16S-23S rRNA sequence analysis produced the same groupings of strains, with RAPD-PCR resolving the greatest genetic differences. Oleander strains, phony peach disease (PP), and oak leaf scorch (OLS) strains were distinct from other strains. DNA profiles constructed by REP-PCR analysis were the same or very similar among all grape strains and most almond strains but different among some almond strains and all other strains tested. Eight of 12 ALS strains and 4 of 14 PD strains of X. fastidiosa isolated in California contained plasmids. All oleander strains carried the same-sized plasmid; all OLS strains carried the same-sized plasmid. A plum leaf scald strain contained three plasmids, two of which were the same sizes as those found in PP strains. These findings support a division of X. fastidiosa at the subspecies or pathovar level.
Electron Hopping through Films of Arenethiolate Monolayer-Protected Gold Clusters

Electron hopping in films of arenethiolate (benzylthiolate, phenylethylthiolate, phenylbutanethiolate, and cresolthiolate) monolayer-protected cluster molecules (MPCs) is investigated through measurements of solid-state electronic conductivity. Electron donor−acceptor hopping rates between the Au cores of arenethiolate MPCs exceed those of previously studied solid-state alkanethiolate MPC films, but the electronic coupling term, β = 0.8 A-1, is nearly the same. Rate constants range from 108 to 1011 s-1 across the series of arenethiolate MPCs; for the case of cresolthiolate, the rate corresponds to a single molecule resistance of ∼107 Ω/cresolthiolate ligand. The 4−8 kJ/mol activation-barrier energies for electron hopping are generally in line with the Marcus theory prediction. The low barrier energies and large rate constants arise from a combination of the low dielectric medium environment of the reactants (the MPC cores) and the partly aromatic tunneling bridges. The sharp increase in film conductivity ...
Future therapies for food allergy

Food allergy affects 3.9% of US children and is increasing in prevalence. The current standard of care involves avoidance of the triggering food and treatment for accidental ingestions. While there is no current curative treatment, there are a number of therapeutic strategies under investigation. Allergen specific therapies include oral and sublingual immunotherapy with native food protein as well as recombinant food proteins. Allergen non-specific therapies include a Chinese herbal formula (FAHF-2) and the use of anti-IgE monoclonal antibody therapy. Although none of these treatments are ready for clinical use, these therapeutic strategies present promising options for the future of food allergy.
Terahertz polarimetry based on metamaterial devices

Polarimetry is a well-developed technique in radar based applications and stand-off spectroscopic analysis at optical frequencies. Extension to terahertz (THz) frequencies could provide a breakthrough in spectroscopic methods since the THz portion of the electromagnetic spectrum provides unique spectral signatures of chemicals and biological molecules, useful for filling gaps in detection and identification. Distinct advantages to a THz polarimeter include enhanced image-contrast based on differences in scattering of horizontally and vertically polarized radiation, and measurements of the dielectric response, and thereby absorption, of materials in reflection in real-time without the need of a reference measurement. To implement a prototype THz polarimeter, we have developed low profile, high efficiency metamaterial-based polarization control components at THz frequencies. Static metamaterial-based half- and quarter-wave plates operating at 0.35 THz frequencies were modeled and fabricated, and characterized using a MHz resolution, continuous-wave spectrometer operating in the 0.09 to 1.2 THz range to verify the design parameters such as operational frequency and bandwidth, insertion loss, and phase shift. The operation frequency was chosen to be in an atmospheric window (between water absorption lines) but can be designed to function at any frequency. Additional advantages of metamaterial devices include their compact size, flexibility, and fabrication ease over large areas using standard microfabrication processing. Wave plates in both the transmission and reflection mode were modeled, tested, and compared. Data analysis using Jones matrix theory showed good agreement between experimental data and simulation.
A simple method for sampling murine pulmonary and cardiac tissues for analysis of cyclic nucleotide levels.

A simple method for the rapid removal and freezing of mouse cardiac and pulmonary tissues is described. Samples thus obtained were judged to be suitable for valid estimation of in vivo levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP based on the following findings: (a) the samples could be obtained and frozen in the very short time period of a few seconds; (b) no indication of adverse effects of the collection procedure was found upon examination of chemical indicators of energy metabolism; (c) the apparent rates of change of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels during the first seconds after tissue isolation could produce small, but acceptable errors; and (d) dose-dependent elevations of pulmonary cAMP levels consistent with known effects in vitro were found after in vivo administration of isoproterenol.
A Guide to Immunotherapy of Genital Warts

Genital warts affect at least 1% of sexually active adults. Current therapies are inadequate because they are often painful, may fail to prevent recurrence and transmission of warts, and usually require either surgery or at least application by a physician. Investigation of immunotherapy for genital warts began with interferon. It has been studied in topical, intralesional, systemic and adjuvant applications. We review the major clinical trials of interferon for genital warts, and conclude that intralesional therapy with interferon-α or interferon-β, with complete response rates of 36 to 63%, is the most successful route for interferon monotherapy. In choosing patients for therapy with interferon, major considerations include immune status, pregnancy and ability to return for frequent injections.
Assertiveness, Sex-Role Stereotyping, and Self-Concept

Summary This study addressed the question of how the dimensions of sex-role stereotyping and self-concept relate to differences in assertiveness. On the basis of the responses of 61 male and 73 female undergraduate students to the (a) Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, (b) College Self-Expression Scale, (c) list of stereotypic items, and (d) Tennessee Self Concept Scale, it was found that in both sexes there was a positive relationship between assertiveness and favorableness of self-concept. Additionally, women low in sex-role stereotyping were significantly more assertive than men low in sex-role stereotyping, and women low in sex-role stereotyping had more positive self-concepts than men low in sex-role stereotyping.
Higher-Order Phylogenetics of Modern Aves Based On Comparative Anatomy

New fossils have contributed much to our knowledge of avian origins but have shed little light on higher-order relationships among modern Aves. This is because the primary focus of paleornithology, the discovery and description of new fossil taxa, has not been paralleled by the development of new anatomical characters for phylogenetic reconstructions. Despite an appreciation of morphological characters for phylogenetics, in part a result of paleontological studies, no anatomically based, taxonomically comprehensive, phylogenetic reconstruction of higher-order relationships of birds exists at present. Accordingly, we have undertaken phylogenetic (cladistic) analysis of Mesozoic and modern birds based on the under-utilized wealth of anatomical evidence and drawing primary strength from comparatively complete, neontological specimens. A pilot study - including study of juvenile skeletons (for discernment of suturae), opened crania (for internal characters of the braincase), myological dissections, and a review of the pertinent literature - indicates that at least 1,200 anatomical characters will prove informative for the analysis, a richness exceeding that for any anatomical analysis of tetrapods to date. Here we present an outline of our analytical approach, illustrated by selected examples of challenging anatomical characters, and a preliminary phylogenetic hypothesis based on osteological characters compiled to date. Finally, we advocate the adoption of ICAAN nomenclature, championed by J. Vanden Berge and colleagues, for description of characters and to standardize hypotheses of homology.
A comparison of crystalline and vitreous lead borates using laser photoionization mass spectroscopy

A high resolution, laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometer (LITOF-MS) was used to study lead borate glasses and crystals. This technique provides valuable information about glass structure, including the superstructural network units. Several structural units were identified and we found evidence of a lead substructure beginning to form in the glass with increased lead content.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE ACTION OF PARATHYROID EXTRACT IN THE DOG FOLLOWING TOTAL AND PARTIAL ABLATION OF THE KIDNEYS

The complete elucidation of the clinical entity known as renal rickets is dependent upon a better understanding of the functional relationship of the kidneys and the parathyroids. In this connection the importance of studies on the action of parathyroid extract in the nephrectomized animal is apparent. In a recent publication Ellsworth and Futcher (1) reported that the serum calcium of the bilaterally nephrectomized dog can be increased by the injection of parathyroid hormone. However, Tweedy, Templeton, and Mcjunkin (2), who carried out a long series of experiments, were unable to obtain conclusive evidence of the action of exogenous parathyroid hormone in increasing the serum calcium of the nephrectomized dog. Further evidence is presented in this paper that the characteristic action of exogenous parathyroid hormone is not manifested by an increase in serum calcium in the absence of kidney tissue.
Persistent hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation: Clinical and virological features

We report a prospective clinical and virological study of 18 patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation, selected because of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA positivity before transplantation. Nine of the 18 patients (50%) developed chronic active hepatitis (CAH) in liver allografts during the first year posttransplantation; hepatitis was first observed between 6 and 25 weeks posttransplantation. HCV viremia was measured for all patients before transplantation and on posttransplantation days 3, 7, and 14, and months 1, 6, 12, and 24 to 41, by quantitative competitive RNA polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR). HCV RNA levels on posttransplantation days 3, 7, and 14 were significantly higher among patients who subsequently developed CAH versus those who did not (P < .02 by t-test and Mann-Whitney test on all three dates). However, HCV RNA levels in sera obtained at 1, 6, and 12 months posttransplantation did not correlate with CAH at 1 year or with HCV genotype determined in posttransplantation sera. At least two serial liver biopsy specimens from each patient were stained for HCV nonstructural 4 (NS4) antigen by immunohistochemistry. The intensity of cytoplasmic staining of NS4 antigen was significantly higher for specimens with CAH versus those without CAH (P = .028 by chi 2). Three patients developed bridging fibrosis in liver allografts during the first year after transplantation; all three patients had intense (3+) immunostaining for NS4 antigen, and the infecting genotypes were 1a, 1b, and 1a plus 1b, respectively. In summary, the 18 patients all developed high-titer viremia by 1 month after liver transplantation, whereas CAH developed in 50% of allografts during the first year after transplantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Expression of Dopamine D3 Receptor Dimers and Tetramers in Brain and in Transfected Cells

The expression and characteristics of the dopamine D3 receptor protein were studied in brain and in stably transfected GH3 cells. Monoclonal antibodies were used for immunoprecipitation and immunoblot experiments. Immunoprecipitates obtained from primate and rodent brain tissues contain a low molecular weight D3 protein and one or two larger protein species whose molecular mass are integral multiples of the low molecular weight protein and thus appear to have resulted from dimerization and tetramerization of a D3 monomer. Whereas D3receptor multimers were found to be abundantly expressed in brain, the major D3 immunoreactivity expressed in stable D3-expressing rat GH3 cells was found to be a monomer. However, multimeric D3 receptor species with electrophoretic mobilities similar to those expressed in brain were also seen in D3-expressing GH3 cells when a truncated D3-like protein (named D3nf) was co-expressed in these cells. Furthermore, results from immunoprecipitation experiments with D3- and D3nf-specific antibodies show that the higher-order D3 proteins extracted from brain and D3/D3nf double transfectants also contain D3nf immunoreactivity, and immunocytochemical studies show that the expression of D3 and D3nfimmunoreactivities overlaps substantially in monkey and rat cortical neurons. Altogether, these data show oligomeric D3 receptor protein expression in vivo and they suggest that at least some of these oligomers are heteroligomeric protein complexes containing D3 and the truncated D3nfprotein.
Microarray Studies of Immune Function After Surgery

In addition to its clinical advantages over conventional open surgery, laparoscopy results in less systemic inflammation and fewer alterations in the cell-mediated immune response. In experimental models, laparotomy is associated with increased tumor growth not observed following CO 2 pneumoperitoneum, which may be related to differential effects on immune function. Experimental and clinical data have shown significant differences in levels and activity of a number of serum factors which may impact postoperative tumor growth, but the mechanisms underlying these differences are unclear. Oligonucleotide microarrays were used to survey and compare gene expression in splenic T-cells following anesthesia, CO 2 pneumoperitoneum, and laparotomy in a murine model. Significant differences in patterns of alterations in gene expression between experimental groups were identified. Microarray results with respect to several T-cell genes were reproduced at the RNA and protein level, which validated this analysis as a useful tool to uncover the molecular basis for differences in immune cell response to surgical procedures. Preliminary data in a murine oncologic model also identified differential patterns of gene expression across experimental groups. In the clinical setting, microarray analysis is currently being investigated to identify genes as potential targets for modulating the immune response to surgery and to identify genes that may prove useful as diagnostic and prognostic indicators.
Overview of the Guidelines and Evidence for the Pharmacologic Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The number of novel treatment options for type 2 diabetes mellitus, including those with distinctive mechanisms of action, has risen sharply this decade, and health care providers must be aware of the drugs' safety and efficacy in order to provide patients with the best care possible. Guidelines for type 2 diabetes provide recommendations for initiating and continuing treatment that will enable patients to achieve glycemic control and maintain it over time. Several recently completed, large clinical trials have provided information pertaining to potential benefits and risks of achieving specific treatment goals, and medical professionals should consider applying the insights from these trials when optimizing care for their patients. The pharmacist plays an essential role in helping patients achieve and maintain tight glycemic control by assisting other health care providers in understanding and utilizing the guidelines as part of individualized treatment regimens.
Estimating plant biomass in early-successional subtropical vegetation using a visual obstruction technique

Aim Non-destructive methods for quantifying above-ground plant biomass are important tools in many ecological studies and management endeavours, but estimation methods can be labour intensive and particularly difficult in structurally diverse vegetation types. We aimed to develop a low-cost, but reasonably accurate, estimation technique within early-successional Bahamian broadleaf shrub vegetation. Location Eleuthera, The Bahamas. Methods Our biomass estimation technique was based on a visual obstruction method originally developed for use in grassland vegetation, but modified to suit our mixed vegetation structure. Visual obstruction measures were recorded for a total of 90 0.25-m2 quadrats from which all standing vegetation was subsequently collected, dried and weighed. Regression models were then developed to predict vegetation dry weight (biomass) from visual obstruction. Results The field time and equipment costs required to obtain our visual obstruction measures were low, and the accuracy of our above-ground plant biomass predictions was on par with that reported for other estimation techniques. Should increased accuracy or additional structural information be desired, our basic technique can be enhanced by adding other easily obtained measures (e.g. woody stem circumference). Conclusions Our low-cost technique yields reasonably accurate estimates of above-ground plant biomass and should be transferable to any shrubland vegetation type where the maximum height of vegetation is typically below 2 m.
Toxicity of Extracts of Derris Root for Mice.

SummaryFrom studies dealing with the acute toxicity of derris and several extracts thereof for mice, it appears that this toxicity is due to the insecticidally active materials represented by the rotenone content, total chloroform extractives content, and red color index. No single one of these three determinations, however, seemed uniformly to indicate the relative toxicity of the various fractions studied. Materials not extractable with chloroform were found to be practically nontoxic. Thus far no active alkaloid or glycoside has been isolated from derris.
Use of a Gain Stabilized NaI(T1) Gamma Ray Detection System to Determine the Power Shape in Light Water Reactor Cores

A data acquisition system which consists of a NaI(T1) detector, associated electronics and a disc-based minicomputer has been used to obtain accurate relative gamma ray intensities over a large range of count rates (up to ~250 kHz) from light water reactor fuels. The system uses a green light-emitting diode optically coupled to the photomultiplier face to insure gain stabilization over a variation of count rates and environmental conditions, and to determine empirically the pileup and dead-time losses. The energy resolution of NaI(T1) is adequate for this application because only the well-isolated 1.6 MeV gamma from La-140 is used to relate fission product activity to power. Measurements have been performed on irradiated fuel during refueling outages at both boiling and pressurized water reactor (BWR and PWR) nuclear power plants.
The Use of Detector Tubes Following ASTM Method F-739-85 for Measuring Permeation Resistance of Clothing

The use of detector tubes as the analytical method for the measurement of permeation according to ASTM method F-739-85 has been investigated. This analytical method is rapid, can be run with multiple sample simultaneously, and has the advantage of not requiring elaborate or expensive analytical equipment which requires calibration. The systems investigated were neoprene/methanol and neoprene/acetone. It is concluded that detector tubes provide an analytical method for permeation testing which can be expected to give results comparable to those from gas chromatographic analytical system.
Oxygen impurities in NiAl: Relaxation effects

We have used a full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital method to calculate the effects of oxygen impurities on the electronic structure of NiAl. Using the supercell method with a 16-atom supercell we have investigated the cases where an oxygen atom is substitutionally placed at either a nickel or an aluminum site. Full relaxation of the atoms within the supercell was allowed. We found that oxygen prefers to occupy a nickel site over an aluminum site with a site selection energy of 138 mRy (21 370 K). An oxygen atom placed at an aluminum site is found to cause a substantial relaxation of its nickel neighbors away from it. In contrast, this steric repulsion is hardly present when the oxygen atom occupies the nickel site and is surrounded by aluminum neighbors. We comment on the possible relation of this effect to the pesting degradation phenomenon (essentially spontaneous disintegration in air) in nickel aluminides.
Some simple thoughts about the structure of anomalous muonium

The subject of this paper is anomalous muonium and the kind of model that can be given to explain its observed properties. The implications of experimental findings on a model are discussed and several possible models are suggested. No clearly superior model yet exists, in part because of a lack of theoretical studies of possible models and in part because of the lack of sufficiently definitive experiments.
POWERS OF REAL SYMMETRIC DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSIONS WITHOUT SMOOTHNESS ASSUMPTIONS

Abstract In recent years many authors have studied properties of powers of symmetric (formally self-adjoint) ordinary linear differential expressions. So that these powers can be formed in the classical way these authors have placed heavy smoothness assumptions on the coefficients. Here we show that no differentiability conditions whatsoever are needed on the coefficients in order to form powers of a given expression-provided these powers are formed in the quasi-differential sense rather than the classical one.
THE SEPTAL PORES OF COPFINUS LAGOPUS IN RELATION TO NUCLEAR MIGRATION

A B S T R A C T The septal pores of homokaryotic and dikaryotic mycelia of Coprinus lagopus have the complex structure characteristic of certain Basidiomycetes. The edge of the pore is thickened and covered on either side by a dome-shaped, perforated, membranous cap. However, in heterokaryotic mycelia in which nuclear migration was believed to be taking place, in addition to the complex pores, simple pores were also observed as well as various intermediate stages interpreted as steps in the breakdown of complex to simple pores. The simple pores may facilitate nuclear migration. THE PHENOMENON of nuclear migration first
Structural Studies in Southern Nevada and Western Arizona: A Correction

In a report published in 1926, based on reconnaissance study in a wide area including Spring Mountains, Nevada, I suggested that a mass of sheared rubble now exposed at one locality represents rock fragments derived from and overridden by an advancing thrust plate. More recent study establishes clearly that the sheared objects are well-rounded pebbles and cobbles of resistant rock, representing the basal conglomerate unit of a sedimentary formation that was overridden and largely obliterated by movement of a thrust plate during the Sevier orogeny. Careful study of the sheared remnants reveals striking similarities to the basal conglomerate of a Cretaceous(?) formation now exposed in the Frenchman Mountain block, about 25 miles to the east. Remnants of the Red Spring thrust plate, correctly identified in 1926, were mistakenly interpreted in a later report (Longwell and others, 1965) as a much broken part of the Keystone thrust plate.
Rules changes and competitive balance in European professional soccer: evidence from an event study approach

This study examines the effectiveness of successive rules changes on competitive balance, as measured by score differential in a match, over the history of seven European professional soccer leagues. Poisson regression results show that various rules changes do have an effect on match competitiveness in European professional soccer.
Arsenate suppression of human keratinocyte programming

Abstract The human keratinocyte line SCC-9 has been used as a model for arsenate-induced perturbations of differentiation. Growth of these cells in 10 μM arsenate permitted the cultures to reach confluence, but prevented expression of 6 markers of suprabasal differentiation (involucrin, loricrin, filaggrin, spr 1, keratin 1 and keratin 10) as assayed by Northern blotting. By contrast, only slight alterations in mRNA levels were observed for one differentiation marker (keratinocyte transglutaminase) and for keratin 5, keratin 14, AP2 or glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase. The transition metal oxyanions vanadate and chromate had essentially the same suppressive effect on these markers as arsenate, while chronic treatment with tetradecanoylphorbol acetate was generally less effective in suppressing differentiation. To determine whether the previously observed arsenate-mediated alteration in AP1 and AP2 activities could account for the suppression of involucrin, a promoter analysis was conducted. Putative AP1 and AP2 response elements were identified in regions important for transcriptional activity of the 5′-flanking DNA. Mutations in two AP1 sites and one AP2 site were observed to decrease promoter activity significantly, and in combination, to reduce it to ≈ 10% of that conferred by the native sequence. These results lend support to the working hypothesis that arsenate suppresses involucrin expression, and, more generally, keratinocyte programming, by altering the transcription factors AP1 and AP2.
Particle Size and pH Effects on Nanoparticle Dissolution

Dissolution is an important process that alters nanoparticle abundance and properties. Here we used EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) to dissolve ZnS nanoparticles and develop a predictive model for the effects of particle size and pH on nanoparticle reactivity. Synchrotron in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to monitor changes in scattering intensity during the dissolution of ZnS nanoparticles over the pH range 9−10. The nanoparticle mass, size, and size distribution were derived from fitting of the SAXS data. Thermodynamic analysis showed that both particle size and pH play important roles in dissolution. Kinetic modeling of the extent of dissolution as a function of time revealed that the reaction is reversible and first order with respect to the concentration of reagents and products and the total surface area of ZnS nanoparticles. The dissolution equilibrium constant and the interfacial free energy of ZnS nanoparticles were derived from parameters obtained from the kinetic model...
Random variables related to a class of ordered structures

We describe a combinatorial model which encompasses the enumeration of many types of ordered structures and determine the behavior of three random variables which record certain numerical parameters of such structures. Examples to which our results are applicable include chains in binomial posets, direct sum decompositions of finite vector spaces, binary words, and Fishburn's generalized weak orders.
Loretta Lynn: Writin’ Life

The release of Loretta Lynn‟s 2004 album Van Leer Rose welcomed back after 33 years one of the premier feminist voices in recorded music. The songs that Loretta wrote in 60s and early 70s were some of the most controversial and politically charged to hit the airwaves. They encompassed a microcosm of issues that rural women were facing including the changing sexual roles of women, ideas on marriage, the ravages of war and substance abuse. This textual analysis looks at the 94 songs that Loretta wrote and co-wrote between the years 1960 to 1972 (the year which she stopped writing), as well as the music of Van Leer Rose. By looking at Lynn‟s writing, we begin to understand the viewpoints of this trailblazing artist and how she reflected her life and the social times in her music. It is a testament to her that these works remain as timely and as politically charged today as they did 40 years ago.
Molecular basis of the allelic inheritance of rabbit immunoglobulin VH allotypes: Implications for the generation of antibody diversity

Rabbits are unique in that their immunoglobulin VH regions bear allotypic markers encoded by allelic genes. The presence of these markers on most serum immunoglobulins is difficult to explain, as the germline contains several hundred VH genes. We cloned VH genes from normal rabbits of the VHa allotypes a1, a2, and a3 and from a mutant a2 rabbit, Alicia, which expresses almost no a2 allotype. The D-proximal VH gene VH1 of normal rabbits encoded prototype a1, a2, or a3 allotype VH regions in a1, a2, or a3 rabbits, respectively; VH1 was shown to be preferentially utilized in leukemic rabbit B cells. This VH1 gene was deleted from the germline of the Alicia rabbit. These data suggest that the allelic inheritance of a allotypes results from preferential utilization of VH1 in VDJ rearrangements. We suggest that antibody diversity in rabbit primarily results from somatic hypermutation and gene conversion.
Chronic latent infections of birds with Western equine encephalomyelitis virus.

SummaryWestern equine encephalomyelitis virus was isolated from tissues of 8 of 284 birds at intervals of 1 to 10 months after experimental infection. Isolations were from Brewer's blackbird, cowbird, tricolored blackbird, house finch and English sparrow. Positive tissues were blood, spleen, liver, lung, brain and gall bladder. The potential importance of birds as long-term reservoirs of virus and sources of vector infection should be determined.
Glycoproteins identified from heart failure and treatment models

Conduction abnormalities can lead to dyssynchronous contraction, which significantly worsens morbidity and mortality of heart failure. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) can reverse ventricular remodeling and improve cardiac function. Although the underlying molecular changes are unknown, the use of a canine model of dyssynchronous heart failure (DHF) and CRT has shown that there are global changes across the cardiac proteome. This study determines changes in serum glycoprotein concentration from DHF and CRT compared to normal. We hypothesize that CRT invokes protective or advantageous pathways that can be reflected in the circulating proteome. Two prong discovery approaches were carried out on pooled normal, DHF, and CRT samples composed of individual canine serum to determine the overall protein concentration and the N-linked glycosites of circulating glycoproteins. The level of the glycoproteins was altered in DHF and CRT compared to control sera, with 63 glycopeptides substantially increased in DHF and/or CRT. Among the 32 elevated glycosite-containing peptides in DHF, 13 glycopeptides were reverted to normal level after CRT therapy. We further verify the changes of glycopeptides using label-free LC-MS from individual canine serum. Circulating glycoproteins such as alpha-fetoprotein, alpha-2-macroglobulin, galectin-3-binding protein, and collectin-10 show association to failing heart and CRT treatment model.
Repair of closely opposed cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers in UV-sensitive human diploid fibroblasts.

Abstract An enzyme-sensitive site assay has been used to examine the fate of closely pyrimidine dimers (bifilar enzyme-sensitive sites) in fibroblasts from individuals afflicted with various genetic disorders that confer increased cellular sensitivity to UV radiation. The disappearance of bifilar enzyme-sensitive sites was found to be normal in cells from individuals with Fanconi's anemia, Gockayne's syndrome, dyskeratosis congenita and the variant from xeroderma pigmentosum. The rate of bifilar enzyme-sensitive site removal in XP cells assigned to complementation group C was reduced by an amount similar to that observed for the repair of isolated dimers. Our results indicate that the initiation of repair at closely opposed dimers in slow in XP-C cells but normal in all other cells examined.
The footprint of chromosomal proteins HMG-14 and HMG-17 on chromatin subunits.

Abstract The position of chromosomal proteins HMG-14 and HMG-17 in nucleosome cores and in chromatosomes lacking linker histones has been mapped by hydroxyl radical footprinting. Both the nucleosome core and the H1/H5 depleted chromatosome can specifically bind two molecules of HMG-14/-17. The path of HMG-14 on the surface of chromatin subunits is indistinguishable from that of HMG-17. The bound HMGs protect the DNA from hydroxyl radical cleavage 25 base-pairs from the end of the DNA in nucleosome cores in each of the two major grooves of the DNA flanking the nucleosomal dyad axis. Thus, in both cores and H1/H5-depleted chromatosomes the proteins bridge two adjacent DNA strands on the surface of the particles. The sites occupied by HMG near the end of the chromatosome-length particles are distinct from those occupied by the H1/H5 linker histones. In the region of the dyad axis the binding sites of HMGs overlap those of the linker histones. The placement of HMG-14/17 near the nucleosomal dyad axis raises the possibility that interactions between histone H1 and HMGs may affect the transcriptional potential of chromatin.
On the use of the Boltzmann-Matano analysis to deduce concentration-dependent diffusivity

Abstract The Boltzmann-Matano (B-M) analysis has been widely used to extract a concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient to explain any deviations from the classical complementary error function of Gaussian diffusion profiles. Here we show that the use of this technique can be erroneous when applied to the case of implanted semiconductors, where diffusion lengths are small and the initial/boundary conditions cannot be applied to the implantation concentration profile in the direction of diffusion.
Spectral Identification of Lighting Type and Character

We investigated the optimal spectral bands for the identification of lighting types and the estimation of four major indices used to measure the efficiency or character of lighting. To accomplish these objectives we collected high-resolution emission spectra (350 to 2,500 nm) for forty-three different lamps, encompassing nine of the major types of lamps used worldwide. The narrow band emission spectra were used to simulate radiances in eight spectral bands including the human eye photoreceptor bands (photopic, scotopic, and “meltopic”) plus five spectral bands in the visible and near-infrared modeled on bands flown on the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM). The high-resolution continuous spectra are superior to the broad band combinations for the identification of lighting type and are the standard for calculation of Luminous Efficacy of Radiation (LER), Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) and Color Rendering Index (CRI). Given the high cost that would be associated with building and flying a hyperspectral sensor with detection limits low enough to observe nighttime lights we conclude that it would be more feasible to fly an instrument with a limited number of broad spectral bands in the visible to near infrared. The best set of broad spectral bands among those tested is blue, green, red and NIR bands modeled on the band set flown on the Landsat Thematic Mapper. This set provides low errors on the identification of lighting types and reasonable estimates of LER and CCT when compared to the other broad band set tested. None of the broad band sets tested could make reasonable estimates of Luminous Efficacy (LE) or CRI. The photopic band proved useful for the estimation of LER. However, the three photoreceptor bands performed poorly in the identification of lighting types when compared to the bands modeled on the Landsat Thematic Mapper. Our conclusion is that it is feasible to identify lighting type and make reasonable estimates of LER and CCT using four or more spectral bands with minimal spectral overlap spanning the 0.4 to 1.0 um region.
An rflp for glycophorin a mn is in linkage disequilibrium with mn and ss

Using a cDNA for glycophorin A (MN), we screened 10 unrelated Caucasians using 22 restriction enzymes for RFLPs. A common StuI RFLP was identified and shown to be in marked linkage disequilibrium with both the MN and Ss blood-group antigens in a larger group of unrelated Caucasians. This provides a DNA marker for a locus that has been of major importance in genetic and population studies. The demonstrated disequilibrium will prove useful in localizing the gene for glycophorin B and in studies of genetic and physical distances on human chromosomes.
Induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 Protects Thymocytes Against Radiation-Induced Apoptosis

Objectives: To determine if induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70), a stress protein that plays a cytoprotective role and inhibits cell death in response to various stimuli, will protect thymocytes and T-cell clones from radiation-induced apoptosis, and to define the mechanism of such protection. Design: Thymocytes from BALB/c mice or Tlymphocyte clones were incubated at 43°C for 1 hour to induce HSP 70, then irradiated. Control cells were irradiated but not heated. Fragmentation of DNA was quantitated, and p53, box, and bcl-2 expression was analyzed at various times by the Western blot method. Results: Only heated cells expressed HSP 70. The induction of HSP 70 increased basal apoptosis but significantly decreased radiation-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, introduction of an HSP 70 antisense oligomer prior to heating reversed the protective effect of HSP 70. Induction of HSP 70 in T-cell clones with sodium arsenite had a similar protective effect against radiation-induced apoptosis. Irradiation induced p53 and markedly up-regulated box . The expression of p53 peaked at 4 hours and preceded maximal box induction. Induction of HSP 70 prior to irradiation suppressed p53 and significantly decreased box levels. Levels of bcl-2 were unaffected. Conclusions: Our data show that HSP 70 induction protects thymocytes from radiation-induced apoptosis by down-regulating p53 and box expression. The induction of HSP 70 may represent a novel mechanism by which the immunosuppressive effects and the associated infectious complications of radiation therapy can be minimized. Arch Surg. 1997;132:1277-1282
Right fbn rings and bounded modules

An R-module M is said to be bounded if for any essential sub-module N of M, there exists an ideal K of R with K/ann(M) essential as a right ideal in R/ann(M) such that MK ⊆ N, The purpose of this paper is to provide conditions on a bounded module M that determine when R/ann(M) is right FBN.
An Interbehavioral Investigation of Remembering Interactions

This study evaluated the influence of several factors on the development and evolution of remembering interactions from a thoroughly naturalistic, interbehavioral perspective. Specifically, the influence of non-compound and compound substitute stimuli, setting factors, interbehavioral history, and evolution of stimulus function were evaluated. Large differences between memorial interactions involving non-compound and compound stimuli were found with respect to both remembering and false remembering. Implications for further conceptual and experimental investigations are considered.
Hybrid strain based geometrically nonlinear laminated composite triangular shell finite elements

Abstract The investigation reported here was concerned with the development of flat triangular shell finite elements for geometrically nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of large-scale laminated composite plate and shell structures. Each of these elements, based on the first-order lamination theory, has three nodes and each node has six degrees of freedom (dof). The updated Lagrangian formulation and modified incremental Hellinger–Reissner variational principle were adopted. The presently developed elements possess several important features. The latter include simplicity, capability of dealing with large deformation of finite strain and finite rotation, drilling dof (ddof), elimination of shear locking, and ability to represent correctly the rigid body motion. The independently assumed fields were the incremental displacements and strains. The incremental stress and strain measures selected were the incremental second Piola–Kirchhoff stress and the incremental Washizu strain. Variable thickness of the shell was also considered so as to account for the thinning effect due to large strain. Explicit element consistent mass and stiffness matrices as well as pseudo-load vector were obtained and therefore, it eliminates the need for numerical integration and numerical matrix inversion. The explicit expressions derived for one of the flat triangular laminated composite shell finite elements were applied to the static and dynamic analysis. Results of small and finite strains, and finite rotations obtained indicate that the element developed is very accurate and efficient.
Replies to Ram Neta, James Van Cleve, and Crispin Wright for a book symposium on reflective knowledge (OUP, 2009)

1. First, he notes that a belief might get it right only because it manifests a competence that telekinetically ensures its correctness. Since no such belief would constitute knowledge, he argues, this refutes the account of knowledge as belief that is apt, i.e., accurate in a way that manifests the believer's competence. (No such belief qualifies as any sort of knowledge, not even on the animal level.) The idea is not just that the believer's competence in forming his predictions is coupled with a telekinetic mechanism that ensures their correctness. Rather, we are to suppose that his belief-forming competence is implemented in a mechanism that happens to be telekinetic. The mechanism thus ensures the correctness of the subject's predictions, and does so through the exercise of his belief-forming competence. That is analogized with an archer who aims well and shoots competently, and whose shot-producing mechanism calms any wind that might otherwise divert the shot. I do not deny that such cases are constructible. But I fail to see why the protagonists could not thereby know. (Nor can I see why the archer does not shoot aptly, even if he must calm the wind in doing so, indeed partly through calming the wind.) After all, in many ordinary cases we know what is going to happen through our access to facts that will bring about the predicted outcome. The exercise of our competence then takes in the efficient facts, which yields a state of affairs (one's knowledge of the fateful facts) constituted in part by something that ensures the correctness of our predictive belief.