cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genera of Mucorales with Notes on their Synonymy

It is the purpose of this paper to present a short synopsis of the families and genera of the Mucorales. This can be justified, for mem? bers of the order are among the most commonly encountered and most economically important phycomycetous fungi. Furthermore, there is no recent comprehensive treatment of the families and genera published in English except that of Fitzpatrick (7) and Christenberry (5), who have followed earlier European treatments. To make this contribution as useful as possible, the synonymy of the genera in the order has been given as completely as possible. Fol? lowing the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (9), the genera herein recognized are considered to be acceptable and are in general designated by those names in common use with the exception of the genus Syzygites (Sporodinia). In each case the synonyms are cited, as well as the type taxon, and an estimation of the number of species recognized in each genus. In the case of monotypic genera, therefore, the key is equivalent to that of a species key. The keys and arrangement of genera into families are the conclusions drawn from more than ten years of interest and study of the order. The author has been fortunate to have seen or to have available material
A Refined Frequency Scan Approach to Sub-Synchronous Control Interaction (SSCI) Study of Wind Farms

Frequency-scan approaches for conducting Sub-Synchronous Control Interaction (SSCI) studies of wind farms is becoming a normal practice in the industry. Modern power electronics control used in many wind generators has a characteristic that couples two frequency components, similar to saliency effects of conventional generators. As a consequence, treating both wind farm and grid as single-dimension impedances could generate an inaccurate result. This paper describes a two-dimension transfer function approach that can be practically applied to ensure accuracy when evaluating SSCI aspects of power-electronic equipment such as renewable generation.
On the Present Situation of Gymnasium & Stadium Open to the Public in Shanxi Universities and Colleges

This article,through investigation of the utilization of the resources of gymnasium stadium in Shanxi universities and colleges,studies type,time,form,and management style,and analyzes the factors affecting their being open to the public,and finally proposes the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
Novel thermal and photo curable anti-reflective coatings using fluoroelastomer nanocomposites and self-assembly of nanoparticles

We describe novel optical coatings which require either thermal or photocuring to render them mechanically robust and abrasion resistant. These new coatings are low refractive index fluoroelastomer-nanoparticle composites that form a unique nanostructure during drying of the liquid coating. During drying, the nanoparticles in these liquid coatings migrate towards the substrate. The final, 100-nm-thick anti-reflective coatings are novel and exhibit a unique bilayer structure in which the nanoparticles are ordered and segregated towards the substrate. The coatings are rapidly cured using a new process and exhibit surprising “scratch durability” as measured by aggressively testing with steel wool. Sol gel chemistry is used which involves the reaction of the nanoparticles with an acrylic oxysilane to form nanoparticles which are functionalized with sol gel derived oligomers. The functionalized nanoparticles are combined with a fluoroelastomer containing a free radical initiator and multiolefinic crosslinker, and the composite film is rapidly cured by a thermal or UV process at low temperatures. The final product is a mechanically robust, low refractive index anti-reflective film which is useful for displays and photovoltaic devices. These are unique fluoropolymer nanocomposites which utilize nanoparticle self-assembly to enhance important properties.
AIDS—AN UPDATE

This summary of public opinion about acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) updates our earlier review (Singer, Rogers, and Corcoran 1987). Since then, there has been a dramatic increase in public information about AIDS. The Surgeon General's Report on AIDS was released in 1986, and figures compiled by the Centers for Disease Control indicate that media coverage of the disease surged in 1987, with a total of 11,852 stories, up sharply from approximately 5,000 stories each in 1986 and 1985. In early 1988, the federal government mounted a nationwide campaign to inform the public about AIDS, in particular about ways to prevent its spread. One consequence of this information explosion seems to have been a large increase in the number of people who feel they know a lot about the disease; the percentage giving this response more than doubled between 1987 and 1991. The number of media stories on AIDS in 1988, 1989, and 19907,584, 7,091, and 8,364, respectively-did not match the nearly 12,000 in 1987. But 1991 figures indicate the highest media interest yet13,209 stories. Nearly half (6,038) appeared in the last quarter of the year, which is when Magic Johnson, the superstar Los Angeles Lakers basketball player, announced that he was HIV positive. The total for the first two quarters of 1992 remained high: 7,981 stories, evidence that the media continue to find AIDS highly newsworthy. For this review, we assembled national surveys from the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research that had asked one or more questions about AIDS. Between January 1987 and July 1992, our cutoff date, we identified 116 such surveys: 27 in 1987, 13 in 1988, 9 in 1989, 24 in
Differential effects of 10-Hz and 40-Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on endogenous versus exogenous attention

ABSTRACTPrevious electrophysiological studies implicate both alpha (8–12 Hz) and gamma (>30 Hz) neural oscillations in the mechanisms of selective attention. Here, participants preformed two separate visual attention tasks, one endogenous and one exogenous, while transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), at 10 Hz, 40 Hz, or sham, was applied to the right parietal lobe. Our results provide new evidence for the roles of gamma and alpha oscillations in voluntary versus involuntary shifts of attention. Gamma (40 Hz) stimulation resulted in improved disengagement from invalidly cued targets in the endogenous attention task, whereas alpha stimulation (10 Hz) had no effect on endogenous attention, but increased the exogenous cuing effect. These findings agree with previous studies suggesting that right inferior parietal regions may be especially important for the disengagement of attention, and go further to provide details about the specific type of oscillatory neural activity within that brain regio...
About the Atomic Correlation Functions in Higher Order Coherence

The system under consideration in two recent papers [1, 2] is an ensemble of N identical 3-level atoms: (ground state) |g> ; (intermediate state) |h> ; (final state) |f> , interacting inelastically with an incident coherent radiation.
Mental health self-help

Introduction to Mental Health Self-Help.- Frameworks for Research and Practice.- Theoretical Foundations of Mental Health Self-Help.- Participatory Action Research and Evaluation with Mental Health Self-Help Groups and Organizations: A Theoretical Framework.- MHSH groups.- The Contributions of Mutual Help Groups for Mental Health Problems to Psychological Well-Being: A Systematic Review.- Online Self-Help/Mutual Aid Groups in Mental Health Practice.- An Overview of Mutual Support Groups for Family Caregivers of People with Mental Health Problems: Evidence on Process and Outcomes.- Consumer-Delivered Services.- Consumer-Run Drop-In Centers: Current State and Future Directions.- Certified Peer Specialists in the United States Behavioral Health System: An Emerging Workforce.- The Development and Implementation of a Statewide Certified Peer Specialist Program.- MHSH Policy.- Finding and Using Our Voice: How Consumer/Survivor Advocacy is Transforming Mental Health Care.- How Governments and Other Funding Sources Can Facilitate Self-Help Research and Services.- Technical Assistance.- Consumer and Consumer-Supporter National Technical Assistance Centers: Helping the Consumer Movement Grow and Transform Systems.- A Statewide Collaboration to Build the Leadership and Organizational Capacity of Consumer Run Organizations (CROs).- Self-Help/Professional Collaboration.- Helping Mutual Help: Managing the Risks of Professional Partnerships.- The Contribution of Self-Help Groups to the Mental Health/Substance Use Services System.
Robust Superstabilizing Controller Design from Open-Loop Experimental Input/Output Data

Abstract This paper considers the problem of directly synthesizing a stabilizing controller from experimental data, avoiding an explicit plant identification step. Its main result shows that, if a slightly stronger result is desired, namely super-stability rather than just stability, then the problem admits a solution if and only if a related Linear Program, obtained using robust optimization techniques, is feasible. In this case, solving this LP leads to a robust controller guaranteed to super-stabilize the entire consistency set while optimizing worse-case performance.
Other ETF Investment Strategies and Applications

This chapter highlights three exchange-traded fund (ETF) trading strategies: one based on futures, where an individual enters a contract to buy or sell ETFs at a specified price and delivery date; another on margin trading, in exchange for making a small payment known as the “initial margin;” and the third on what’s commonly known as “barbelling,” an investment strategy best described as a balancing act between investments deemed safe and those considered a greater risk.
2D Variations in Coda Amplitudes in the Middle East

Coda amplitudes have proven to be a stable feature of seismograms, allowing one to reliably measure magnitudes for moderate‐to‐large ( M ≥3) earthquakes over broad regions. Because smaller ( M <3) earthquakes are only recorded at higher frequencies for which we find larger interstation scatter, amplitude and magnitude estimates for these events are more variable, regional, and path dependent. In this article, we investigate coda amplitude measurements in the Middle East for 2D variations in attenuation structure. One critical aspect of this effort is characterizing the propagation term to include scattering, which allows us to use amplitudes out to longer distances and later in the coda. We perform a tomographic inversion and find that the recovered attenuation structure is both very similar to the attenuation structure derived from direct phases and also reflective of the tectonic structure of the region. We then apply the 2D attenuation corrections to several hundred events in the region and find marked improvements to our magnitude estimates, as measured by interstation scattering, resulting in standard deviations of less than 0.025 magnitude units at all frequencies. The improvements are greatest at high frequencies, which will have the largest effect on smaller magnitude events.
PD-1 blockade in Hodgkin's lymphoma: learning new tricks from an old teacher.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Classical Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by genetic reliance on the PD-1 pathway. Rapid accumulation of data describing the role and efficacy of PD-1 and its blockade warrants a focused review.Areas covered: In this article, we will review the unique biologic features that predispose cHL to PD-1 inhibition, current data regarding the safety and efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in the treatment of cHL, biomarkers of immune response, ongoing clinical trials with PD-1 inhibitors, as well as areas of uncertainty.Expert commentary: The biologic and genetic underpinnings of cHL make it unique among all malignancies in its exquisite sensitivity to PD-1 inhibition. High response rates to single agent PD-1 inhibitors in early phase clinical trials serve as further proof of concept. These data strongly support continued clinical investigation of the evolving role of PD-1 inhibition in classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma, including the optimal sequence, setting, and combination to best exploit t...
Genome-wide association study suggests common variants within RP11-634B7.4 gene influencing severe pre-treatment pain in head and neck cancer patients.

Pain is often one of the first signs of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). Pain at diagnosis is an important prognostic marker for the development of chronic pain and importantly, for the overall survival time. To identify variants influencing severe pre-treatment pain in 1,368 patients newly diagnosed with HNSCC, we conducted a genome-wide association study based on 730,525 tagging SNPs. The patients were all previously untreated for cancer. About 15% of the patients had severe pre-treatment pain, defined as pain score ≥7 (0 = “no pain” and 10 = “worst pain”). We identified 3 common genetic variants in high linkage disequilibrium for severe pre-treatment pain, representing one genomic region at 1q44 (rs3862188, P = 3.45 × 10−8; rs880143, P = 3.45 × 10−8; and rs7526880, P = 4.92 × 10−8), which maps to the RP11-634B7.4 gene, a novel antisense gene to three olfactory receptor genes. Olfactory receptor genes, upstream effectors of the MAPK signaling cascade, might be novel target genes for pain in HNSCC patients. Future experimental validation to explore biological mechanisms will be key to defining the role of the intronic variants and non-coding RNA for pain in patients with HNSCC.
Information Technology in Sport Management Curricula.

We study the breadth of inclusion of information technology in sport management (SM) programs, surveying program sponsoring colleges and universities within a prominent state-university system. Our...
Using Patterns of Recurring Climate Cycles to Predict Future Climate Changes

Abstract The past is the key to the future—recurring cyclic patterns of the magnitude and intensity of climate changes in the geologic past can be used to predict future climate changes. The magnitude and exceedingly abrupt rate of change of climate changes in the late Pleistocene (∼20°F/century) were vastly greater than any climate changes that have occurred in recent centuries. Ice-core oxygen isotope and paleo-temperature data clearly show remarkable swings in climate over the past 100,000 years. In just the past 500 years, Greenland warming/cooling temperatures fluctuated back and forth about 40 times, with changes every 25–30 years (27 years on average). At least three warming events in the past 25,000 years were 20–24 times the magnitude of warming over the past century and four were 6–9 times the magnitude of warming over the past century. The magnitude of the only modern warming that might possibly have been caused by CO2 (1978–98) is insignificant compared to the earlier periods of warming. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) shows excellent correlation with climate changes during the past century—two periods of global warming and three periods of global cooling exactly match switches in PDO. In 2000, I projected these cyclic patterns into the future and predicted 25–30 years of global cooling, and over the past 15 years, the climate has cooled slightly. As we enter a Solar Minimum strongly resembling the Dalton Minimum when strong global cooling occurred, we can expect further cooling.
Applying a goal-driven model of science teacher cognition to the resolution of two anomalies in research on the relationship between science teacher education and classroom practice

Two anomalies continue to confound researchers and science teacher educators. First, new science teachers are quick to discard the pedagogy and practices that they learn in their teacher education programs in favor of a traditional, didactic approach to teaching science. Second, a discrepancy exists at all stages of science teachers’ careers between a science teacher's self-reported pedagogical preferences and the behavior they exhibit during classroom observations. Previous attempts to resolve these anomalies draw upon models of teacher cognition that often prioritize beliefs or knowledge. In this paper, we resolve these anomalies and further elaborate the relationship between science teacher education and classroom practice via a goal-driven model of cognition. Our model of goal-driven cognition takes as its central premise that a science teacher's instructional practice is an attempt to satisfy one or more of their goals. While knowledge and beliefs play an important role in cognition, a teacher's goals are ultimately the mental constructs that engage the motivational and behavioral system, leading to action. In this paper, we first specify our goal-driven model of cognition, and detail the role played by goals, beliefs and knowledge, and contextual information in cognition and action. When then compare our model to other theoretical approaches in research on science teacher cognition, showing how our model is distinct from these approaches. Next, we return to the two anomalies mentioned above, showing how a goal-driven model resolves each. We also contrast our resolution with how the anomalies are resolved via a belief or knowledge driven model. We then provide implications of our theory for science teacher education, with respect to both course work and field experiences. Finally, we provide directions for future research, paying particular attention to ways to provide evidence in support of this theoretical approach. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54:713–736, 2017
Calorimetric Analysis of Photopolymerization

A previous review published over a decade ago introduced the concepts inherent to the measurement of exotherms resulting from photopolymerization.1 Since then, the photocuring field has grown at an extremely rapid rate. Applications range from the curing of systems comprising acrylated oligomers and low-molecular-weight acrylates (both monofunctional and difunctional) for the production of highly cross-linked films to the selective hardening of microencapsulated spheres for generation of colored images by a latent dye transfer process.2–10 No matter what the final application, one universal challenge faces anyone who desires to formulate, develop, and successfully process a photocurable resin: how can the rate, degree of cure, and ultimately the kinetics of the photopolymerization process responsible for the curing and production of highly cross-linking networks be evaluated on a rather routine basis by a rapid method that is accurate and readily repeatable. Of course, just because one is able to measure the various kinetic parameters associated with the photopolymerization of functionalized formulations, there is no assurance that the physical properties desired for a particular application can be attained. However, it is highly unlikely that photocurable systems that show extremely low rates of polymerization and reduced overall conversion efficiency can be employed as useful formulations for practical applications under normal circumstances.
Evidence for Improved Encapsulated Pathway Behavior in a Bacterial Microcompartment through Shell Protein Engineering

Bacterial microcompartments are a class of proteinaceous organelles comprising a characteristic protein shell enclosing a set of enzymes. Compartmentalization can prevent escape of volatile or toxic intermediates, prevent off-pathway reactions, and create private cofactor pools. Encapsulation in synthetic microcompartment organelles will enhance the function of heterologous pathways, but to do so, it is critical to understand how to control diffusion in and out of the microcompartment organelle. To this end, we explored how small differences in the shell protein structure result in changes in the diffusion of metabolites through the shell. We found that the ethanolamine utilization (Eut) protein EutM properly incorporates into the 1,2-propanediol utilization (Pdu) microcompartment, altering native metabolite accumulation and the resulting growth on 1,2-propanediol as the sole carbon source. Further, we identified a single pore-lining residue mutation that confers the same phenotype as substitution of the ...
Ralls and National Security Review of Foreign Investments

With its enormous open market, the United States has long been a magnet for foreign direct investments (FDI). Historically, most of the FDI originated from U.S. allies such as the U.K. and Canada and posed minimal threat to U.S. national security. In the past decade, however, surging FDI from non-allies elevated the tensions between safeguarding U.S. national security and preserving a free and open investment market. In response, Congress reformed the review process by Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to enhance the scrutiny of FDI and congressional oversight. The agency enjoys broad discretion and its review is shrouded in secrecy. Yet given the national security nature of the regime, no foreign investor had ever challenged the agency until 2013, when a Chinese-invested company filed a federal lawsuit against CFIUS alleging, among others, violations of its constitutional right to due process. Few thought the plaintiff had more than a minimal chance of winning, and the trial court indeed ruled in favor of the government. Yet to the surprise of most experts, the DC Circuit reversed the lower court’s decision and held the CFIUS’s action unconstitutional. As the first and only lawsuit against CFIUS in the agency’s entire history, the case (Ralls v. CFIUS) has caught a great deal of attention and generated heated debates. But to date the debates have mostly centered on the legal merits of the case. Few have analyzed the key assumptions underlying the trial court ruling and the critiques of the appellate ruling, let alone the practical impacts of the case. This article narrows the gaps by empirically exploring the following three questions. One, is the assumption valid that foreign investors with complete information assume the risk of presidential veto by skipping the notification to CFIUS prior to their acquisition of U.S. assets? The trial judge and most CFIUS experts have adopted, consciously or not, that assumption, so has the agency itself. However, as will be demonstrated below, the assumption lacks empirical support. Two, has the DC Circuit ruling any significant practical effects on how foreign investors cope with the CFIUS regime, as some critiques have predicted? According to the empirical analysis, Ralls has at most a temporary effect on foreign investors’ perception of CFIUS review. Third, how do foreign investors view and respond to the regime in general? The article presents preliminary evidence that the investors’ actions reflect salient legal issues of the CFIUS law. The findings have important policy and theoretical implications.
Evaluation of Snow Water Equivalent in NARCCAP Simulations, Including Measures of Observational Uncertainty

AbstractThis study evaluates snow water equivalent (SWE) over North America in the reanalysis-driven NARCCAP regional climate model (RCM) experiments. Examination of SWE in these runs allows for the identification of bias due to RCM configuration, separate from inherited GCM bias. SWE from the models is compared to SWE from a new ensemble observational product to evaluate the RCMs’ ability to capture the magnitude, spatial distribution, duration, and timing of the snow season. This new dataset includes data from 14 different sources in five different types. Consideration of the associated uncertainty in observed SWE strongly influences the appearance of bias in RCM-generated SWE. Of the six NARCCAP RCMs, the version of MM5 run by Iowa State University (MM5I) is found to best represent SWE despite its use of the Noah land surface model. CRCM overestimates SWE because of cold temperature biases and surface temperature parameterization options, while RegCM3 (RCM3) does so because of excessive precipitation. ...
Gender Differences in the Association Between Synthetic Cannabinoid Use and Teen Dating Violence Victimization

Abstract Synthetic cannabinoid use and teen dating violence (TDV) are major public health concerns in the United States. Synthetic cannabinoid use has been associated with increased risk of TDV victimization; however, gender differences are unknown. This study aims to examine gender differences in the association between synthetic cannabinoid use and TDV victimization among U.S. high school students. Data on 10,162 students in grades 9 through 12 who dated during the preceding 12 months were obtained from the 2015 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The association between lifetime synthetic cannabinoid use (yes or no) and TDV victimization (four-level TDV measure and a two-level TDV measure) was examined using logistic regression analyses and stratified by gender. In women, lifetime use of synthetic cannabinoid was associated with greater odds of physical TDV only, both physical and sexual TDV, and any TDV victimization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.74, confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.02–2.97; aOR = 1...
Gastro-Gastric Fistula Following Gastric Bypass

Gastro-gastric fistula is a complication that might happen after a bariatric procedure like Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. It is defined as an abnormal communication between the excluded gastric pouch and the gastric remnant after gastric bypass. Its incidence has substantially decreased since the technique evolved from a nondivided to a divided gastric pouch. The diagnosis of gastro-gastric fistula could be challenging because of the clinical presentation that varies depending on the etiology, the patient’s objective and subjective response, the time of onset, the medications administered, and the imaging sensitivity. Besides clinical evaluation, imaging studies like upper GI study and CT scan and esophagogastroduodenoscopy are useful tools in achieving a diagnosis. Finally, medical and surgical management are extensively discussed in this chapter.
Variability in student perceptions of mistreatment.

Background As medical schools strive to improve the learning environment, it is important to understand medical students' perceptions of mistreatment. The purpose of this study was to explore student interpretations of previously reported mistreatment incidents to better understand how they conceptualise the interactions. Methods Medical students were presented with case scenarios of previously reported instances of mistreatment and asked to indicate their agreement as to whether the scenarios demonstrated mistreatment, using a five-point Likert scale (1, strongly disagree; 5, strongly agree). It is important to understand medical student's perceptions of mistreatment RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-seven third-year medical students gave feedback on 21 mistreatment cases. There was variability in the categorisation of the scenarios as mistreatment. The highest degree of consensus (96% agreement) was for a scenario in which a resident claimed a student made statements about a patient's status that the student did not make. There was also relative consensus on three additional scenarios: (1) a patient making disparaging remarks about a student's role in health care in relation to the student's ethnicity (88% agreement); (2) a resident asking a student to run personal errands (86% agreement); and (3) a nurse calling a student an expletive in front of others (77% agreement). For the majority of the cases, there was no consensus amongst students as to whether mistreatment had occurred. Students self-identifying as minorities and students who had previously reported mistreatment were more likely to perceive mistreatment in the scenarios. Conclusions There is remarkable variability, and in many cases a lack of agreement, in medical student perceptions of mistreatment. This inconsistency needs to be considered in order to effectively address and mitigate the issue.
Ticks and Tick-Borne Infections: Complex Ecology, Agents, and Host Interactions

Ticks transmit the most diverse array of infectious agents of any arthropod vector. Both ticks and the microbes they transmit are recognized as significant threats to human and veterinary public health. This article examines the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of ticks and the infections they transmit; the emergence of novel tick-borne pathogens, increasing geographic range and incidence of tick-borne infections; and advances in the characterization of tick saliva mediated modulation of host defenses and the implications of those interactions for transmission, establishment, and control of tick infestation and tick-borne infectious agents.
Assessing annual and perennial flowering plants for biological control in asparagus

Abstract Despite the progress made to date to incorporate habitat diversification in farms, implementing it effectively for biological control programs in agriculture still faces many challenges. Our goal was to screen annual and perennial flowering plant species for their attractiveness to natural enemies and herbivores, and to select promising species to be used as flower enhancements in asparagus agroecosystems. Tested perennials were generally more attractive to predators than to parasitoid wasps, which were found in low numbers during our study. Among the annual plants, sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima L. Desv.) was highly attractive to parasitoid wasps in common garden experiments and was selected for use in flowering borders, but it was not attractive to parasitoid wasps in asparagus field trials. We did not detect any effects of sweet alyssum on asparagus miner damage or on generalist herbivore abundance in asparagus fields. Thrips abundance was reduced in asparagus adjacent to sweet alyssum, but only at the field edge. Emergence rates from excised asparagus miner pupae were low with 18% (94) surviving, of which 77 were asparagus miners and 17 were parasitoids. In summary, although flower enhancements can often provide benefit for biological control of herbivores, our current results did not support this finding, but we suggest that continued effort is made to test the potential of perennial plants as flower enhancements in this agroecosystem as they require less maintenance than annuals.
The Practitioner’s Guide to Global Health: an interactive, online, open-access curriculum preparing medical learners for global health experiences

ABSTRACTBackground: Short-term experiences in global health (STEGH) are increasingly common in medical education, as they can provide learners with opportunities for service, learning, and sharing perspectives. Academic institutions need high-quality preparatory curricula and mentorship to prepare learners for potential challenges in ethics, cultural sensitivity, and personal safety; however, availability and quality of these are variable.Objective: The objective of this study is to create and evaluate an open-access, interactive massive open online course (MOOC) that prepares learners to safely and effectively participate in STEGH, permits flexible and asynchronous learning, is free of charge, and provides a certificate upon successful completion.Methods: Global health experts from 8 countries, 42 institutions, and 7 specialties collaborated to create The Practitioner’s Guide to Global Health (PGGH): the first course of this kind on the edX platform. Demographic data, pre- and posttests, and course evalu...
Spotted owl foraging patterns following fuels treatments, Sierra Nevada, California

Western dry conifer forests continue to experience increased severe, stand‐replacing wildfire that is outside of historical precedent. Fuels treatments, landscape‐scale modifications of forest fuels and structure, are likely to remain a management tool to modify fire behavior and restore ecological resilience. The impacts of fuels treatments to listed species such as spotted owls (Strix occidentalis) remain uncertain and are contested because of limited available information. To evaluate spotted owl foraging habitat selection in a landscape recently modified by forest fuels‐reduction treatments, we radio‐marked and tracked 10 California spotted owls (S. o. occidentalis) for 2 years immediately following fuels treatment installation in the northern Sierra Nevada, California, USA. We categorized fuels treatments into 3 types: mechanical thin, installed within the study area as landscape‐scale fire breaks characterized by even tree spacing, open understory, and low canopy cover, or group selections; understory thin, a hand‐removal of small trees and shrubs; and understory thin followed by underburn, a controlled surface‐fuel burn that left the overstory intact. We described post‐treatment habitat using forest structural metrics derived from a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) dataset that was collected 1 year after fuels treatments were completed. We collected 436 spotted owl foraging locations during 2 breeding seasons and evaluated breeding season home range size and composition using a resource selection function. We assessed possible contributors to owl foraging patterns by comparing a priori hypotheses in an information‐theoretic approach and using randomly generated points that estimated available habitat. Spotted owl breeding season home ranges contained fuels treatments in proportion to their availability on the landscape and averaged 17.1% treated area. Within the home range, owl foraging locations in the post‐treatment landscape were best predicted by lower proportions of gaps than anticipated at random, steeper slopes, and minimized distance from the owl's site center. Our results suggest that moderate to high proportions of gaps, typically a feature of forest fuels reduction and restoration treatments, may reduce the probability of spotted owl foraging.
Crystallinity Control in Low-Temperature Growth of Poly-Crystalline Ge by Ion Beam Deposition

An ion beam sputtering process was used to grow polycrystalline Ge films at low temperatures (200–400 °C). The effect of transition metals (Sn, Al) and ion assisted beam was evaluated to enhance grain growth. It was found that the presence of the seed metals facilitates the grain growth even at low temperatures, below eutectic point. Modification of the microstructure was found impinging the growth of Ge films with a 100 eV ion assisted beam in the energy dose range 0–7 eV/atom. Ge layers deposited on Sn with ~4eV/atom doses had the largest grain size. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were employed to characterize the film microstructure. The grown poly-Ge films were used to grow GaAs structures.
The Linear and Nonlinear Ultrasound Field of Convex Arrays Operating in a Diverging Wave Mode

High frame rate (ultrafast) ultrasound imaging has received a lot of attention recently. Ultrafast imaging facilitated innovations such as shear wave elastography, super-resolution imaging, and ultrafast contrast-enhanced Doppler imaging. It requires the use of large apertures to send plane or diverging waves to insonify the whole imaged area in one transmit event. Combining diverging wave imaging (DWI) with tissue harmonic imaging (THI) may offer improvements in image quality comparable to those obtained in conventional focused imaging. No studies have reported simulations of the nonlinear acoustic fields produced by diagnostic arrays in diverging wave mode. The aim of this study is to model convex arrays operating in diverging wave mode with the KZK equation. We considered 2 specific problems: (a) increased bubble destruction during ultrafast contrast imaging due to the nature of the diverging field; and (b) whether the second harmonic generated in DWI is adequate for THI. In linear simulations, we showed that using convex arrays for ultrafast contrast imaging produced pressures that are greater in the nearfield and lower in the farfield than those of focused beams, and may induce more nearfield bubble destruction. In nonlinear simulations, the second harmonic produced by ultrafast THI was found to be 2–13 dB lower than that of focused beams when operated at the same maximum MI. This moderate difference of the second harmonic between DWI and focused ultrasound suggests it may be feasible to combine DWI and THI.
Une cause inhabituelle de douleurs abdominales

Une patiente de 31 ans s’est presentee au cabinet d’urgences en raison de douleurs abdominales d’intensite croissante au cours des dernieres semaines, ainsi que d’une augmentation de la circonference abdominale.
Moisture outgassing from siloxane elastomers containing surface-treated-silica fillers

The outgassing kinetics from siloxane elastomers is dominated by moisture desorption from the reinforcing silica filler and can be detrimental in moisture-sensitive applications. In this study, a custom 3D printable siloxane rubber (LL50) was analyzed in three different states: after a high temperature vacuum heat treatment, limited re-exposure to moisture after vacuum heat treatment, and in the as-received condition. The outgassing kinetics were extracted using isoconversional and iterative regression analyses. Moisture release by physisorbed and chemisorbed water from the samples have activation energies in the range of 50 kJ/mol (physisorbed type) to 220 kJ/mol (chemisorbed type). Overall, moisture outgassing from LL50 was 10 times lower than that from traditionally prepared siloxane rubbers. The vastly diminished moisture content in LL50 is attributed to the existence of a finite low level of silanol groups that remain on the fumed silica surface even after hydrophobic treatment.
Development and implementation of a sustainable research curriculum for general surgery residents: A foundation for developing a research culture

Abstract Background Different methods to incorporate research training during residency are suggested, however, long-term impact is not studied well. This study reports development of a research curriculum with milestones, a long-term outcome and sustainability, and its impact on the overall departmental research culture. Methods The research curriculum that included a research seminar for resident preparation, annual milestones, and structured research mentoring was implemented in our hybrid program in 2012. The research output for five-year period before and after the implementation was evaluated as peer-reviewed publications, presentations, and grant submissions. Further, secondary effects on faculty and medical student research was evaluated. Results Following implementation, we observed a significant increase in the number of resident presentations (p Conclusions Our resident research curriculum was associated with improved long-term research productivity. It allowed residents to work closely with faculty and medical students leading to more collaboration resulting in an enhanced scholarly environment.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Celiac Disease: Distinct Autoimmune Disorders That Share Common Pathogenic Mechanisms

Background The relatively common co-occurrence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD) suggests these disorders share common pathogenic etiologies. Summary T1D and CD are strongly linked to closely related high-risk human lymphocyte antigens (HLA-DR-DQ). High-risk HLA molecules bind specific fragments of gluten or the islet self-antigen(s) and present these antigens to antigen-responsive T cells. In an appropriate proinflammatory environment, the autoimmune response results in destruction of the intestinal enterocyte and/or the pancreatic beta cell. Environmental factors have been implicated in the etiology of T1D and CD because (1) identical twins are only partially concordant for these disorders and (2) incidence rates of T1D and CD have been steadily rising for decades. Prospective studies in infants genetically predisposed to T1D and CD showed that antibody positivity to both disorders begins in the first 1-3 years of life. Viral infections and early exposure to gluten or cow's milk in the infant diet have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. However, delaying introduction of gluten in the infant diet until 12 months of age had no impact on the development of islet or celiac autoimmunity. Weaning nursing infants to hydrolyzed infant formula had no impact on the development of T1D. Viral infections have been suspected of playing a role in T1D pathogenesis for decades. A large international prospective study (TEDDY) has shown increased risk of T1D autoimmunity particularly when >5 respiratory infections or febrile infections have occurred in the 9 months preceding the appearance of islet antibodies. Provocative data in animal models of T1D suggest the microbiome may play an important role in the pathogenesis of T1D. Breastfeeding, diet, infections, antibiotics, and method of birth alter the composition of the microbiome. Human data indicate subtle differences in the microbiome of children with T1D autoimmunity, while intestinal dysbiosis has been clearly demonstrated in CD. Alterations of the integrity of the intestinal mucosa plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CD, and the NOD mouse model suggests an important role of a leaky intestinal epithelium in T1D as well. Key Message: Immunogenetics and the environment are closely interrelated in the pathogenesis of T1D and CD. Large well-designed prospective studies in at-risk populations informed by scientifically rigorous studies in animal models are likely to have the greatest impact on our understanding of the complex pathogenesis of these detrimental autoimmune disorders.
Modeling mechanical relaxation in incommensurate trilayer van der Waals heterostructures

The incommensurate stacking of multilayered two-dimensional materials is a challenging problem from a theoretical perspective and an intriguing avenue for manipulating their physical properties. Here we present a multiscale model to obtain the mechanical relaxation pattern of twisted trilayer van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures with two independent twist angles, a generally incommensurate system without a supercell description. We adopt the configuration space as a natural description of such incommensurate layered materials, based on the local environment of atomic positions, bypassing the need for commensurate approximations. To obtain the relaxation pattern, we perform energy minimization with respect to the relaxation displacement vectors. We use a continuum model in combination with the generalized stacking fault energy to describe the interlayer coupling, obtained from first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. We show that the relaxation patterns of twisted trilayer graphene and ${\mathrm{WSe}}_{2}$ are ``moir\'e of moir\'e,'' as a result of the incommensurate coupling two bilayer moir\'e patterns. We also show that, in contrast to the symmetry-preserving in-plane relaxation in twisted bilayers, trilayer relaxation can break the two fold rotational symmetry about the $xy$ plane when the two twist angles are equal.
Adaptive Iterative Learning Control of Robot Manipulators for Friction Compensation

Abstract Iterative learning control (ILC) has been well recognized for its ability to improve the tracking performance of systems that perform repetitive tasks. Its achievable performance, however, can be significantly degraded by the presence of non-repetitive disturbances which vary every iteration. Such may be a case for high-precision robot manipulators which are commonly subject to nonlinear and velocity-dependent friction forces. With a traditional PD-type ILC scheme, as joint velocities change along iterations, friction forces can vary substantially and deteriorate the performance of ILC. To address this problem, we propose an adaptive ILC algorithm, in which an adaptive friction compensation signal is introduced with ILC to adaptively identify the friction model over multiple iterations. Theoretical convergence analysis is provided with simulation verification on a 3-degree-of-freedom (DOF) planar manipulator. Experimental verification is also performed on a 5-DOF robot for silicon wafer handling. The verification results show that the proposed adaptive ILC approach can achieve significantly better tracking performance than traditional ILC methods.
Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Agent Systems with an Application to Distributed Predictive Cruise Control

In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL) approach to the coordinated control of multi-agent systems with a special emphasis on intelligent transportation systems. As a result, for a network of autonomous vehicles, a novel distributed predictive cruise control (PCC) algorithm based on RL is proposed to reduce idle time and maintain an adjustable speed depending on the traffic signals. Under the proposed distributed PCC law, given the signal phase and timing (SPaT) message from upcoming traffic intersections, autonomous vehicles can cross intersections without stopping. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been validated through Paramics microscopic traffic simulations by choosing a scenario in Statesboro, Georgia. For different traffic demands, the travel time and fuel consumption rate of vehicles are compared between non-PCC and PCC algorithms. Microscopic traffic simulation results show that the proposed PCC algorithm is able to reduce both fuel consumption rate and travel time.
Foreword: Teaching during a pandemic.

In this issue of Gerontology and Geriatric Education, the official journal of the Academy for Gerontology in Higher Education (AGHE) we share several manuscripts which are pertinent as we grapple w...
Network Attacks on Cyber–Physical Systems Project-Based Learning Activity

Contribution: This article presents a project-based learning (PBL) activity for use in the instruction of network attacks on cyber–physical systems. Student learning is analyzed to determine the project’s contribution to learning outcome attainment. Background: The literature contains a significant amount of research on the benefits of PBL as a technique that enhances student attainment of learning outcomes. However, minimal published work currently exists on the use of PBL activities in cybersecurity of control systems curricula. Intended Outcomes: The proposed activity is intended to facilitate student attainment of cybersecurity curriculum learning outcomes and for use in assessing student learning. Application Design: A group PBL method is selected to develop student teamwork in addition to attaining technical learning outcomes. Project design seeks to minimize laboratory costs while providing flexibility for future enhancement. Findings: Analysis of the proposed activity shows that students are able to attain specified learning outcomes at or above expectations and are engaged while completing the activity.
Presenting self and aligning as a team through narratives of victimhood among Kazakh-speaking village neighbors

Abstract This study illustrates how personal narratives of victimized self serve two Kazakh-speaking village neighbors to accomplish self-presentation during a mealtime interaction. Integrating Goffman’s (1959) theorization of self-presentation with narrative positioning ( Bamberg, 1997 ; Schiffrin, 1996 ) and Muslim cultural practices (e.g., Al Zidjaly, 2006 ), this study conceptualizes mealtime conversations as frontstage and examines two victimhood narratives after providing the sequential overview of the twelve narratives occurred in the interaction. The analysis illustrates how linguistic construction of agentive and epistemic selves of the narrators position them as victims (whose personal items are stolen) in relation to other neighbors (who do the act of stealing) in the story world. This juxtaposition of “I” vs. “Others” in the story world allows the neighbor-tellers to present an idealized self (morally superior neighbors) and function as a team by getting lower hand and aligning with one another against a third party (morally wrong neighbors) in the interaction.