cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role, size, and effectiveness of safety zones for creating refuges for white-tailed deer

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are overabundant in many areas, particularly in more developed landscapes where refuges may provide additional challenges for deer managers. Refuges have been widely used to sustain breeding stock in harvested populations and to mitigate other sources of mortality. As the landscape becomes more urbanized, local municipalities and states have implemented safety zones to reduce the probability of a hunter's projectile from accidentally striking a building or its inhabitants. I evaluated if mandated safety zones in Delaware may constitute unintentional refuges. I used Delaware's land-cover data to created buffers (i.e., 46, 91, and 183 m) around each building to mimic current state regulations (i.e., 46 and 91 m) and those in northern New Castle County (i.e., 183 m). I overlaid these buffers on deer habitat coverage to determine the amount of deer habitat not available for harvest, which I assumed would act as a refuge because hunting was prohibited in these areas. The amount of deer habitat available for harvest was 39, 71, and 92% for the 183-, 91-, and 46-m safety zones, respectively. For land in public ownership, the amount of deer habitat available for harvest was 55, 81, and 96% for the 183-, 91-, and 46-m safety zones, respectively. The amount of deer habitat available for harvest on private land was 34, 67, and 91% for the 183-, 91-, and 46-m safety zones, respectively. My results suggest that allowing archery and carefully evaluating actual safety concerns will reduce the infl uence of inadvertent refuges on deer management.
Effect of gingival phenotype on the maintenance of periodontal health: An American Academy of Periodontology best evidence review.

Background Gingival thickness, keratinized tissue width, and bone morphotype are three important parameters used to categorize periodontal phenotypes. These elements all play an important role in the maintenance of periodontal health. The aim of this review is to explore the importance of converting thin phenotype into a thick phenotype for periodontal health maintenance. Methods Three clinically relevant focused questions were defined to understand the role of gingival phenotype around teeth. 1) What are the factors affecting gingival phenotype (e.g., age, sex, dental arch, race, crown forms, etc.)? 2) Is there a difference between thin versus thick gingival phenotype in terms of gingival health? 3) Does the conversion of gingivae from a thin to thick gingival phenotype in sites without mucogingival defects help with periodontal health maintenance? Results Extensive electronic and manual literature search identified a total of 1,129 citations. After title, abstract, and full-text screenings, 30 articles were included in the present review. Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and provided data for focused question 1. It was found that periodontal phenotype varies among different individuals and different areas of the mouth within the same individual. Asian individuals tend to have thinner gingival phenotype compared with white subjects. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria for the focused question 2. Prevalence and severity of gingival recession was higher at the sites with thin gingiva compared with the sites with thicker gingiva. No studies provided data for focused question 3. Conclusions Available evidence indicates that subjects with thin and narrow gingiva tend to have more gingival recession compared with those with thick and wide gingiva. Currently, there is no published evidence to support conversion of thin to thick gingival phenotype in sites without gingival recession or mucogingival deformity.
Twitter Usage Using Common Reference to Tinnitus.

Objective The objective of the study was to examine specific patterns of Twitter usage using common reference to tinnitus. Method The study used cross-sectional analysis of data generated from Twit...
Polysulfide reduction and Li2S phase formation in the presence of lithium metal and solid electrolyte interphase layer

Abstract Lithium sulfur battery is an attractive next generation technology that can meet many demands of modern society. Unfortunately, the lithium sulfur battery faces unique issues related to the polysulfide shuttle effect, that is due to reduction products dissolving in the electrolyte and their subsequent reduction on the lithium metal electrode. This adds further problems to the already challenging needs of understanding and engineering a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer with desired properties. One of the most important SEI properties is its passivation of lithium metal which is critically important to the overall battery performance. Passivation is difficult to measure experimentally without the influence of many factors. This study reports an investigation of the reduction of the intermediate Li2S8 over lithium already passivated with Li2O, Li2CO3, LiOH, LiF and Li2S along with exploration of Li2S8 reduction over pristine lithium nanoclusters using first principles computational models. Significant formation of Li2S phase nucleation is found to stabilize the reduction products of the Li2S8. The formation of Li2S is explored in-depth with lithium nanocluster-based models determining a 2 V potential increase for the reduction of polysulfides due to the formation of Li2S. This investigation demonstrates passivation effects of important SEI components including Li2S.
Novel solitary and resonant multi-soliton solutions to the (3 + 1)-dimensional potential-YTSF equation

In this study, the (3 + 1)-dimensional potential-Yu–Toda–Sasa–Fukuyama equation arising from the (3 + 1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation is investigated in detail by using two powerful ...
A variable-gain stochastic pooling motif mediates information transfer from receptor assemblies into NF-κB

Abstract A myriad of inflammatory cytokines regulate signaling pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis. The IKK complex is an integration hub for cytokines that govern NF-κB signaling. In response to inflammation, IKK is activated through recruitment to receptor-associated protein assemblies. How and what information IKK complexes transmit about the milieu are open questions. Here we track dynamics of IKK complexes and nuclear NF-κB to identify upstream signaling features that determine same-cell responses. Experiments and modeling of single complexes reveals their size, number, and timing relays cytokine-specific information with feedback control that is independent of transcription. Our results provide evidence for variable-gain stochastic pooling, a noise-reducing motif that enables parsimonious and cytokine-specific information transfer. We propose that emergent properties of stochastic pooling are general principles of receptor signaling. One Sentence Summary A variable-gain stochastic pooling motif mediates robust and tunable information transmission from the extracellular milieu into the cell.
Equitably Linking Integrative Learning and Students’ Innovation Capacities

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between two recent currents in postsecondary education - integrative learning and undergraduate innovation. We located the rationale for this study in postsecondary educational practices and policies (e.g., inclusive makerspaces, transdisciplinary courses) which have theorized the connection between these two areas yet have not scrutinized this relationship through robust quantitative study. Drawing on a sample of 5,503 undergraduate students attending one of four Universities in the United States, we employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the uniqueness of measured constructs as well as examined associations between variables and overall fit in a structural setting. Results indicated the appropriateness of measuring each construct distinctively and provided evidence of a robust relationship between integrative learning and innovation intentions. Additionally, we identified consistent major-specific and identity-based patterns of realizing effects on innovation in association with integrative learning. The study concludes with discussion of findings and implications for educators and academic leaders working to equitably support efforts across these areas.
A young man with irregularly irregular narrow complex tachycardia.

Abstract Pulmonary vein atrial tachycardia (PVAT) is a rare arrhythmia that accounts for 3% of all atrial tachycardia types. On electrocardiogram, fast PVATs may be misinterpreted as atrial fibrillation at first glance. We present a case of PVAT refractory to pharmacological intervention in a 31-year-old, requiring ablation to terminate the arrhythmia.
Cycles of transcription and local translation consolidate Arc protein at dendritic sites

Maintenance of long-term memory requires transcription and translation of activity-regulated genes. Many of these are immediate early genes (IEGs) with short-lived mRNAs and proteins, often decaying rapidly after stimulation. It remains unknown how an IEG with rapid mRNA and protein turnover can impact long-lasting changes at the synapses. Here, we imaged the long-term transcription and translation dynamics of an IEG, Arc, important for memory consolidation, after stimulation in individual neurons. We demonstrated that the gene underwent reactivation in the same neuron without an additional stimulus, often at the same allele. The cycling of Arc transcription required protein synthesis. Indeed, phases of Arc translation were coordinated with the transcription cycles. Arc mRNAs from later cycles preferentially localized at dendritic sites marked by previous Arc protein, thereby creating hubs of local protein enrichment, potentially maintained by cycles of dendritic translation. These results identify novel characteristics of an IEG and provide insights into how unstable proteins may be sustained over the long-time scale of memory consolidation.
Intravascular lithotripsy in calcified subclavian and innominate peripheral artery disease: A single centre experience

Abstract Background Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is a novel tool for the treatment of calcified vascular stenosis. Recently, IVL has been successfully used for modification of calcified plaque in coronary and lower extremity peripheral arteries with promising results. However, experience in subclavian and innominate peripheral arterial disease is limited. This study aims to report our initial experience of IVL use in calcified subclavian and innominate vasculature. Methods This was a retrospective review of all the cases of IVL performed in subclavian and innominate arteries at the Miriam Hospital, Providence, between January 2019 and May 2020. Data on the baseline and procedural characteristics were collected. The primary endpoint was procedural success defined as residual stenosis of Results A total of 7 patients with 13 lesions undergoing IVL were included. Of these, 5 (71%) were women, the mean age was 74.6 ± 12.9, and the mean BMI was 25.1 ± 6.7. IVL was successfully delivered to all the target lesions with a mean 252.9 ± 54.4 pulses delivered per patient. Procedural success was achieved in 100% of the treated lesions. No procedure-related complications or in-hospital MACE occurred in any of the patients. Conclusions In this single-center retrospective analysis, IVL facilitated acute procedural success without any procedural complications in severely calcified stenoses of the subclavian and innominate vasculature. Larger studies with an active comparator and longer follow-up are needed to establish the relative efficacy and safety of IVL use in this vascular bed.
Immunochemistry of serum albumin—II: Isolation and characterization of a fragment from the first third bovine serum albumin carrying almost all the antigenic reactivity of the protein☆

Abstract Previously we had introduced a novel approach for obtaining fragments from tight (i.e. disulfide-containing, proteolytically inaccessible) proteins. Reversible masking of the amino groups by citraconic anhydride induces in these proteins conformational changes which renders them readily accessible to tryptic cleavage at the arginine peptide bonds. After unmasking of the amino groups, cleavage at the lysyl residues can be achieved, if desired, thus yieling the tryptic peptides with intact disulfide bonds. In the present work, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was subjected by this procedure to cleavage at the arginine residues (giving the Arg-peptides) or at the arginine as well as the lysine residues (i.e. giving the (Arg, Lys)-peptides). The Arg-peptides inhibited 83% the reaction of BSA with its antisera and 97% its reaction with the IgG fraction of the antisera. The (Arg-Lys)-peptides had no (0%) inhibitory activity. A homogeneous fragment was isolated from the Arg-peptides by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Its purity was established by disc electrophoresis and its mol. wt was 25,000 by gel filtration on a calibrated Sephadex column and 23,000 by SDS-electrophoresis. From its amino acid composition and N-terminal sequence determination of the first 14 residues, it was possible to assign the location of this fragment to sequence 11–193 (less Arg 144) of BSA. Its mol. wt, calculated from its sequence, was 20,947. This fragment had an inhibitory activity of 80% towards the precipitin reaction of BSA with its antiseraa and 88% towards the reaction of BSA with the IgG fraction of the antisera. An immunoabsorbent of the peptide held 84–89% of the total anti-BSA antibody. By fluorescence conjugation and co-elution with antibody in gel filtration, two moles of antibody were bound per mole of peptide. Intactness of the disulfide bonds was essential for maintenance of the inhibitory activity of the peptide. Its activity was completely destroyed on rupture of the disulfide bonds by performic acid oxidation or by reduction followed by carboxymethylation. Also, cleavage at the lysyl peptide bonds, without rupture of the disulfides, destroyed the inhibitory activity of the peptide, due to scission of the antigenic reactive sites. Since the peptide comprised less than a third of the BSA molecule but accounted for almost all the BSA antigenic reactivity, it was concluded that native BSA carried repeating identical antigenic reactive sites.
Approximation algorithms for reliable stochastic combinatorial optimization

We consider optimization problems that can be formulated as minimizing the cost of a feasible solution wT x over an arbitrary combinatorial feasible set F ⊂ {0, 1}n. For these problems we describe a broad class of corresponding stochastic problems where the cost vector W has independent random components, unknown at the time of solution. A natural and important objective that incorporates risk in this stochastic setting is to look for a feasible solution whose stochastic cost has a small tail or a small convex combination of mean and standard deviation. Our models can be equivalently reformulated as nonconvex programs for which no efficient algorithms are known. In this paper, we make progress on these hard problems. Our results are several efficient general-purpose approximation schemes. They use as a black-box (exact or approximate) the solution to the underlying deterministic problem and thus immediately apply to arbitrary combinatorial problems. For example, from an available δ-approximation algorithm to the linear problem, we construct a δ(1 + e)-approximation algorithm for the stochastic problem, which invokes the linear algorithm only a logarithmic number of times in the problem input (and polynomial in 1/e), for any desired accuracy level e > 0. The algorithms are based on a geometric analysis of the curvature and approximability of the nonlinear level sets of the objective functions.
On the skew-symmetric character of the couple-stress tensor

In this paper, the skew-symmetric character of the couple-stress tensor is established as the result of arguments from tensor analysis. Consequently, the couple-stress pseudo-tensor has a true vectorial character. The fundamental step in this development is that the isotropic couple-stress tensor cannot exist.
Alpha implementations and architecture: complete reference and guide

Historical perspective RISC design issues Alpha architecture comparing RISC architectures first generation Alpha processor chips 21064-based system implementations second generation microprocessor and systems performance characterization comparing RISC implementations operating systems compilers.
Pregnancies after nephrectomy for tuberculosis

Abstract Despite a nephrectomy for tuberculosis, this patient was successfully delivered of four living and healthy children. It would appear that, generally speaking, nephrectomy is not a contraindication to pregnancy. Patients showing no abnormalities may be allowed to continue pregnancy under close observation.
Caffeine and screen time in adolescence: associations with short sleep and obesity.

Objective:To investigate the associations between sleep duration and obesity incidence and risk factors among pre-adolescents and adolescents.Design:Cross-sectional study of a community based cohor...
Luteinizing hormone sensitivity to naloxone in maturing male chimpanzees

Abstract We have systematically investigated the involvement of endogenous opioids in gonadotropin secretion during primate sexual maturation by examining LH/FSH responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and changes in LH secretion during infusions of saline or naloxone, an opiate antagonist, in ten male chimpanzees between one and nine years of age. Animals were anesthetized with ketamine (10 mg/kg) and injected or infused IV with GnRH, naloxone or saline. Circulating levels of serum LH were elevated to the same extent (approximately 400%) in response to GnRH (100 μg) in animals 1–5 years old (juvenile) and in animals 6–9 years old (pubertal). No differences were noted between the two groups in GnRH-stimulated levels of serum FSH. During treatment with naloxone (0.14 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.2 mg/kg/h maintenance infusion for 3 h), serum LH levels in pubertal animals were significantly ( p r = .84) was found between circulating testosterone and serum LH levels during naloxone treatment. These data indicate that opioid inhibition of LH secretion can be reversed by naloxone only when puberty is reached in chimpanzees and suggest an alteration in opioid regulation of GnRH near the time of puberty. The strong correlation between testosterone levels and LH responses to naloxone suggests that steroids may participate in the maturation of opioid control of LH during puberty of nonhuman primates.
ETS transcription factors in endocrine systems

E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factors have become increasingly recognized as key regulators of differentiation, hormone responses and tumorigenesis in endocrine organs and target tissues. The ETS family is highly diverse, consisting of both transcription activators and repressors that mediate growth factor signaling and regulate gene expression through combinatorial interactions with multiple protein partners on composite DNA elements. ETS proteins have a role in the endocrine system in establishing pituitary-specific gene expression, mammary gland development and cancers of the breast, prostate and reproductive organs.
Bringing algorithms to life

Static presentations of algorithmic behavior, as in textbooks and on the chalkboard, are often difficult and very time consuming to produce and sometimes fail to convey the true nature of the process. It is desirable to have a dynamic (animated) presentation of the algorithm going through its paces on an actual example. Tracing facilities provide some aids for following the progress of a program but generally do not provide a neat, easy to follow presentation of the process. This article presents a systematic approach to augmenting the code of a program so that it becomes self-illustrating. When this augmented code is run it renders the algorithmic behavior highly visible. Two versions of this approach are presented. The first, and simpler, shows the data being manipulated by the algorithm; the second additionally shows the program going through its paces.
Genetic architecture of ingestive behavior in humans.

Myles S. Faith, PhD, and Kathleen L. Keller, PhDFrom the Weight and Eating Disorders Program, University of Pennsylvania School ofMedicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and the NY Obesity Research Center,St. Luke’s–Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons,New York, New York, USAINTRODUCTION
Critical Issues in the Measurement of Ethnic and Racial Identity: A Referendum on the State of the Field

Ethnic and racial identity are among the most researched topics in the multicultural counseling literature. The popularity of these constructs, combined with ongoing controversies surrounding their measurement, warrants a critical examination by scholars in the field. The author contends that a combination of science and ideology has influenced the field and warns that a rigid and uncritical adherence to old paradigms will stifle growth and the production of useful knowledge. The author provides a review of measurement issues pertaining to ethnic and racial identity research and recommendations for future research and better practices involving ethnic and racial identity instruments.
A simple route to FeCpCp

Abstract A new method for the synthesis of the mixed-ligand compound FeCpCp′ (where Cp′ denotes the pentamethyl cyclopentadienyl group) is described from the reaction of a solution of NaCp′ and LiCp with FeCl2 in THF. The mixture of products includes FeCp2, FeCpCp′ and FeCp2′ in approximately a 1 : 3 : 1 mole ratio. Partial oxidation of the mixture leads to preferential precipitation of the ferricinium salts of the derivatives with the most negative reduction potentials. Subsequent treatment with a reducing agent regenerates the ferrocenes. Implementation of a couple of redox cycles allows the isolation of pure samples of each product, including FeCpCp′. Extension of the method to the preparation of other unsymmetrical ferrocenes is straightforward so long as there is a modest spread in the reduction potentials of the components. The development of new synthetic methods is worthwhile because substituted ferrocenes are useful reagents in studies of electron-transfer processes. The method described herein is attractive because it is quite simple and adaptable to large-scale preparations.
Health Effects of Toxin-Producing Cyanobacteria: “The CyanoHABs”

Increasingly, harmful algal blooms (HABs) are being reported worldwide due to several factors, primarily eutrophication, climate change and more scientific monitoring. All but cyanobacteria toxin poisonings (CTPs) are mainly a marine occurrence. CTPs occur in fresh (lakes, ponds, rivers and reservoirs) and brackish (seas, estuaries, and lakes) waters throughout the world. Organisms responsible include an estimated 40 genera but the main ones are Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermopsis, Lyngbya, Microcystis, Nostoc, and Oscillatoria (Planktothrix). Cyanobacteria toxins (cyanotoxins) include cytotoxins and biotoxins with biotoxins being responsible for acute lethal, acute, chronic and sub-chronic poisonings of wild/domestic animals and humans. The biotoxins include the neurotoxins; ana-toxin-a, anatoxin-a(s) and saxitoxins plus the hepatotoxins; microcystins, nodularins and cylindrospermopsins. Confirmations of human deaths from cyanotoxins are limited to exposure through renal dialysis at a haemodialys...
β-Adrenergic receptor-mediated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor decreases cardiomyocyte apoptosis through differential subcellular activation of ERK1/2 and Akt

β-Adrenergic receptor (βAR)-mediated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to relay pro-survival effects via unknown mechanisms. We hypothesized that acute βAR-mediated EGFR transactivation in the heart promotes differential subcellular activation of ERK1/2 and Akt, promoting cell survival through modulation of apoptosis. C57BL/6 mice underwent acute i.p. injection with isoproterenol (ISO)±AG 1478 (EGFR antagonist) to assess the impact of βAR-mediated EGFR transactivation on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (P-ERK1/2) and Akt (P-Akt) in distinct cardiac subcellular fractions. Increased P-ERK1/2 and P-Akt were observed in cytosolic, plasma membrane and nuclear fractions following ISO stimulation. Whereas the P-ERK1/2 response was EGFR-sensitive in all fractions, the P-Akt response was EGFR-sensitive only in the plasma membrane and nucleus, results confirmed in primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes (RNCM). βAR-mediated EGFR-transactivation also decreased apoptosis in serum-depleted RNCM, as measured via TUNEL as well as caspase 3 activity/cleavage, which were sensitive to the inhibition of either ERK1/2 (PD184352) or Akt (LY-294002) signaling. Caspase 3 activity/cleavage was also sensitive to the inhibition of transcription, which, with an increase in nuclear P-ERK1/2 and P-Akt in response to ISO, suggested that βAR-mediated EGFR transactivation may regulate apoptotic gene transcription. An Apoptosis PCR Array identified tnfsf10 (TRAIL) to be altered by ISO in an EGFR-sensitive manner, results confirmed via RT-PCR and ELISA measurement of both membrane-bound and soluble cardiomyocyte TRAIL levels. βAR-mediated EGFR transactivation induces differential subcellular activation of ERK1/2 and Akt leading to increased cell survival through the modulation of caspase 3 activity and apoptotic gene expression in cardiomyocytes.
Characterization of 6H-SiC/SiO2 Interfaces by EFTEM Elemental Mapping

The ability to easily form an SiO{sub 2} dielectric layer is an important aspect of the dominance of silicon in microelectronics. An SiO{sub 2} layer is also easily formed by oxidation of SiC in oxygen or steam. SiC devices have the potential for faster switching speeds, higher voltages, smaller size, lower power losses, higher temperatures and less cooling. However, interface-state densities D{sub it} (cm{sup -2}eV{sup -1}) are high (10{sup 11} to 10{sup 13} for SiC/SiO{sub 2}; c.f. {approx} 5 x 10{sup 9} for Si/SiO{sub 2}) and channel mobilities are low. A contributing reason for the inferior properties of the SiC/SiO{sub 2} interface is believed to be the presence of carbon as a byproduct of the oxidation process. A number of post-oxidation annealing procedures have been used to improve the quality of the interface. A re-oxidation step at 950 C has commonly been employed to reduce D{sub it}, with the mechanism believed to be associated with removal of C trapped at the interface during the oxidation process.
Living With Stories: Telling, Retelling, and Remembering

Normally, edited collections of essays are so difficult to assess within a book review that it is virtually impractical and unhelpful to do so. However, Schneider's collection of essays is differen...
Chemical properties of manganese in lucerne

Manganese in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) exists as a cationic complex of low molecular weight. It migrates as a single band on paper electrophoresis, cation exchange chromatography and gel exclusion chromatography. It exhibits no strong association with protein. The complex tends to be unstable in alkaline solution.
Multiparameter fluorescence spectroscopic imaging of cell function

The ability to quantitate physiological parameters in single living cells using fluorescence spectroscopic imaging has expanded our understanding of many cell regulatory processes. Previous studies have focussed on the measurement of single parameters, such as the concentration of calcium, and more recently two parameters, such as calcium and pH using fluorescence ratio imaging. The complexity of the interrelationships among cell biochemical reactions suggests a need to extend the measurement scheme to several parameters. Expansion of the number of parameters involves several complexities associated with fluorescent probe selection and instrumentation design as well as the processing and management of the data. A system has been assembled which provides maximum flexibility in multiparameter fluorescence imaging measurements. The system provides multiple combinations of excitation, dichroic mirror, and emission wavelengths. It has automatic acquisition of any number of parameters. The number of parameters is primarily limited by the selection of fluorescent probes with nonoverlapping spectra. We demonstrate the utility of the system by the coordinated monitoring of stimulated changes in the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and pH using fluorescence ratio imaging coupled with a conventional transmitted light image of single smooth muscle cells. The results demonstrate coordinated changes in some instances but uncoordinated changes in others.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The effect of hematoporphyrin and light on human platelets. II. Uptake of hematoporphyrin

A linear relationship was demonstrated between the reciprocals of the concentration of free hematoporphyrin and the moles of hematoporphyrin taken up by the platelet in the dark. radiated platelets took up more hematoporphyrin than did controls; this increase in uptake was accounted for by the movement of the dye across the damaged membrane of the cell. platelets irradiated at 4°c remained impermeable to hematoporphyrin until warmed to 37°c. during the initial three to four minutes of exposure to light at 37°c, there was no additional uptake of hematoporphyrin by platelets in comparison to controls. between six to ten minutes irradiation, the uptake of hematoporphyrin increased linearly with the log time of irradiation. thereafter, no further uptake occurred. a further increase in uptake of dye was demonstrated by both control and irradiated platelets at a reduced ph. this study enables a correlation to be made between the effects of hematoporphyrin on the platelet and the uptake of this agent by the platelet.
Solving asset pricing models with Gaussian shocks

This paper provides a closed-form solution for the price-dividend ratio in a standard asset pricing model when the growth rate of the endowment is a first-order Gaussian autoregression. It determines the conditions under which this solution is bounded. The findings are useful in allowing comparisons among numerical methods used to approximate the nontrivial closed-form. The solution method is extended to accommodate multivariate and higher-ordered autoregressive processes.
The role of tissue-specific imprinting as a source of phenotypic heterogeneity in human disease

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon affecting a small number of genes that leads to expression from only one parental allele. Several imprinted genes are important for neurologic development and function and several neurobehavioral disorders are caused by genetic defects involving imprinted genes. For some genes, the imprinting is tissue specific, leading to biallelic expression in some tissues and monoallelic expression in other tissues. Defects involving these genes may produce one restricted phenotype due to loss of expression of the gene product in tissues where the gene is imprinted and, in some instances, a second phenotype due to haploinsufficiency of the gene product in tissues where it is biallelically expressed.
High-performance vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for product applications

We report high performance 850 nm VCSELs grown by OMVPE on both n-type and p-type GaAs substrates for low cost fiber optic data communication applications. These devices are intended for use in discrete and parallel array applications at data rates up to 1.5 Gbps per channel. Good epitaxial thickness uniformity during multi-wafer growth allows low cost manufacturing and reproducible device performance. Preliminary device reliability testing shows excellent stability in VCSEL performance under accelerated stress conditions.
Zeros of p-Adic L-Functions, II

Fix an algebraic closure Ωp. of the p-adic numbers ℚp. For s∈ΩpP write ordp(s) for the p-adic ordinal of s. Calculation with p-adic L-functions is facilitated by the existence of two forms for these functions. Kubota and Leopoldt [6] defined a p-adic L-function Lp(s,χ) in terms of the intrinsic variable s. This function is holomorphic in the natural disc ordp (s) > −(p−2)/(p−l). Later, Iwasawa [3,4] defined a formal power series g(T) in terms of the non-intrinsic variable T. The two functions Lp(s,χ) and g(T) are connected by a simple formula ((5) below) under which the natural s-disc corresponds to the open unit T-disc. The zeros of Lp(s,χ) have deeper meaning than those of g(T), but the latter are easier to locate because the Weierstrass preparation theorem applies in the open unit T-disc. Whenever a good approximation is available for a zero in either disc, it can be refined by Newton’s method provided the coefficients are known with enough accuracy.
Chemistry of Guareschi imides. I. Lithium aluminum hydride reduction of some bicyclo Guareschi imides.

In the course of the synthesis of some 3,5-disubstituted piperidine compounds which would also contain the essential requirements for analgesic activity, some Guareschi imides were prepared and their subsequent reduction with lithium aluminum hydride was studied.
XAS investigations into the mechanism(s) of Au(III) binding and reduction by alfalfa biomass

Abstract Previous experiments showed that inactivated alfalfa biomass is proficient in the recovery of gold(III) from aqueous solutions. Gold(III) binding to alfalfa biomass is rapid, pH independent, and increases with temperature. Also, X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies showed that alfalfa was able to reduce gold(III) to gold(0), producing nano-particles. This current study was performed to gain a better understanding of the interaction between gold(III) and the alfalfa biomass. Through chloride ion release studies, it was found that three moles of Cl− were released per mole of gold adsorbed. Chemical modification of the alfalfa biomass indicated that both amino and carboxyl functional groups on the alfalfa biomass are involved in the reduction process. Finally, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy studies suggested that gold(III)is initially reduced to gold(I) and is eventually reduced to gold(0); in addition, the X-ray spectroscopic studies indicated that binding may be occurring through a nitrogen or oxygen ligand.
Further studies on the microbial agent or agents responsible for the periodontal syndrome in the rice rat.

Abstract The periodontal syndrome in rice rats was produced as a result of oral inoculations with a pooled culture containing four micro-organisms isolated from the oral cavities in rice rats with rapidly developing, advanced periodontal lesions. Inoculations with the single micro-organisms from this mixture did not result in conclusive identification of the aetiologic agent although a gram-positive, thick, spore-forming rod may have been responsible. Penicillin pre-treatment among rice rats from the syndrome-inactive strain did not result in oral circumstances whereby the periodontal syndrome-producing agent or agents could establish themselves more readily than without a preliminary period of penicillin administration. Oral inoculations of white rats with faecal paste or microbial cultures from rice rats did not result in a demonstrable periodontal syndrome.
What will film studies be? Film caught between the television revolution and the digital revolution

Film studies is still undergoing a period of soul searching, mainly because of the so-called digital revolution. For more than a decade, various scholars – including Anne Friedberg (2000), D.N. Rod...
Effect of (−)-hydroxycitrate upon the accumulation of lipid in the rat: II. Appetite

These studies were designed to determine the effect of (−)-hydroxycitrate upon the accumulation of lipid in the rat by examining appetite, wt gain, and total body lipid profiles. The chronic oral administration of a nontoxic dose of (−)-hydroxycitrate to growing rats for 11–30 days caused a significant reduction in body wt gain, food consumption, and total body lipid. The administration of equimolar amounts of citrate did not alter wt gain, appetite, or body lipid. No increase in liver size or liver lipid content occurred with either treatment. Pair feeding studies demonstrated that the reduction in food intake accounted for the decrease in wt gain and body lipid observed with (−)-hydroxycitrate treatment.
Relative effectiveness of interposed abdominal compression CPR: sensitivity analysis and recommended compression rates.

Abstract Interposed abdominal compression, IAC-CPR incorporates alternating chest and abdominal compressions to generate enhanced artificial circulation during cardiac arrest. The technique has been generally successful in improving blood flow and survival compared to standard CPR; however, some questions remain. Objective: To determine “why does IAC-CPR produce more apparent benefit in some subjects than in others?” and “what is the proper compression rate, given that there are actually two compressions (chest and abdomen) in each cycle?” Method: Computer models provide a means to search for subtle effects in complex systems. The present study employs a validated 12-compartment mathematical model of the human circulation to explore the effects upon systemic perfusion pressure of changes in 35 different variables, including vascular resistances, vascular compliances, and rescuer technique. CPR with and without IAC was modeled. Results and conclusions: Computed results show that the effect of 100 mmHg abdominal compressions on systemic perfusion pressure is relatively constant (about 16 mmHg augmentation). However, the effect of chest compression depends strongly upon chest compression frequency and technique. When chest compression is less effective, as is often true in adults, the addition of IAC produces relatively dramatic augmentation (e.g. from 24 to 40 mmHg). When chest compression is more effective, the apparent augmentation with IAC is relatively less (e.g. from 60 to 76 mmHg). The optimal frequency for uninterrupted IAC-CPR is near 50 complete cycles/min with very little change in efficacy over 20–100 cycles/min. In theory, the modest increase in systemic perfusion pressure produced by IAC can make up in part for poor or ineffective chest compressions in CPR. IAC appears relatively less effective in circumstances when chest pump output is high.
Inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity enhances vestibular schwannoma cell sensitivity to gamma irradiation.

Background Radiosurgery is increasingly used to treat vestibular schwannomas (VSs). Increasing the sensitivity of VS cells to irradiation (IR) could allow for lower and/or more effective doses of IR, improving safety and efficacy. Persistent JNK activity in VS cells reduces cell death by suppressing accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) raising the possibility that JNK activity protects against IR-induced VS cell death, which is mediated by ROS.
Improving on-demand data access efficiency in MANETs with cooperative caching

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) provide an attractive solution for networking in the situations where network infrastructure or service subscription is not available. Its usage can further be extended by enabling communications with external networks such as the Internet or cellular networks through gateways. However, data access applications in MANETs suffer from dynamic network connections and restricted resources. While most of the research focuses on media (or medium) access control (MAC) and routing layer solutions, we explore the possibility of making use of data locality and the commonality in users' interests at the application level. In this paper, we investigate how cooperative caching can be used to improve data access efficiency in MANETs. We propose COOP, a novel cooperative caching scheme for on-demand data access applications in MANETs. The objective is to improve data availability and access efficiency by collaborating local resources of mobile nodes. COOP addresses two basic problems of cooperative caching: cache resolution and cache management. To improve data availability and access efficiency, COOP discovers data sources which induce less communication overhead by utilizing cooperation zones, historical profiles, and hop-by-hop resolution. For cache management, COOP increases the effective capacity of cooperative caches by minimizing caching duplications within the cooperation zone and accommodating more data varieties. The performance of COOP is studied using mathematical analysis and simulations from the perspectives of data availability, time efficiency, and energy efficiency. The analysis and simulation results show that COOP significantly reduces response delay and improves data availability with proper settings of the cooperation zone radius.
Progress in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of pertussis

Pertussis ("whooping cough"), caused by the gram- negative pleomorphic bacillus Bordetella pertussis, is a highly contagious, potentially life-threatening respiratory tract illness that has re-emerged worldwide as a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in infants, children, and adolescents, even in countries with high vaccination rates. Waning immunity after immunization during childhood has been associated with a growing pool of susceptible adolescents and adults who are capable of transmitting pertussis to vulnerable unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated infants. The use of acellular pertussis vaccine boosters in adolescents has been proposed and is likely to be recommended. Active immunization and improved methods for early diagnosis are key in the management of pertussis, and represent the most rapidly evolving aspects of this disease.
Evidence of local superconductivity in granular Bi nanowires fabricated by electrodeposition

An unusual enhancement of resistance (i.e., superresistivity) below a certain characteristic temperature Tsr was observed in granular Bi nanowires. This superresistive state was found to be dependent on the applied magnetic field (H) as well as the excitation current (I). The suppression of Tsr by magnetic field resembles that of a superconductor. The observed superresistivity appears to be related to the nucleation of local superconductivity inside the granular nanowire without long-range phase coherence. The phenomenon is reminiscent of the Bose-insulator observed previously in ultra thin two-dimensional (2D) superconducting films and 3D percolative superconducting films.
On the relativistic motion of two charged particles in classical electrodynamics

Abstract The relativistic, classical motion of a pair of charged particles interacting through their electromagnetic field is described by the equation of evolution for the density distribution function in the phase space of the particles. This equation is obtained (to second order in the charges) by the method of perturbation treatment of the Liouville equation for the system of particles plus field, previously used by Prigogine and Leaf to derive the Darwin Hamiltonian. Although this Hamiltonian is obtained to order ( v c ) 2 , to higher orders there is no Hamiltonian for the pair of particles. The pair distribution function is, however, a constant of the motion and its equation of motion is a Liouville equation with a Hermitian Liouville operator. A one-particle Hamiltonian may be written for each particle when the motion of the other is prescribed. According to this description, each particle moves in an electromagnetic field whose potentials are the Coulomb gauge potentials produced by the other particle moving as a source with constant velocity.
On the Nyström discretization of integral equations on planar curves with corners

Abstract The Nystrom method can produce ill-conditioned systems of linear equations when applied to integral equations on domains with corners. This defect can already be seen in the simple case of the integral equations arising from the Neumann problem for Laplaceʼs equation. We explain the origin of this instability and show that a straightforward modification to the Nystrom scheme, which renders it mathematically equivalent to Galerkin discretization, corrects the difficulty without incurring the computational penalty associated with Galerkin methods. We also present the results of numerical experiments showing that highly-accurate solutions of integral equations on domains with corners can be obtained, irrespective of whether their solutions exhibit bounded or unbounded singularities, assuming that proper discretizations are used.
Spatiotemporal Analyses of Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis via Intravital Imaging in Cranial Bone Defect Repair

Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are two integrated components in bone repair and regeneration. A deeper understanding of osteogenesis and angiogenesis has been hampered by technical difficulties of analyzing bone and neovasculature simultaneously in spatiotemporal scales and in 3D formats. To overcome these barriers, a cranial defect window chamber model was established that enabled high-resolution, longitudinal, and real-time tracking of angiogenesis and bone defect healing via multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM). By simultaneously probing new bone matrix via second harmonic generation (SHG), neovascular networks via intravenous perfusion of fluorophore, and osteoblast differentiation via 2.3-kb collagen type I promoter-driven GFP (Col2.3GFP), we examined the morphogenetic sequence of cranial bone defect healing and further established the spatiotemporal analyses of osteogenesis and angiogenesis coupling in repair and regeneration. We showed that bone defect closure was initiated in the residual bone around the edge of the defect. The expansion and migration of osteoprogenitors into the bone defect occurred during the first 3 weeks of healing, coupled with vigorous microvessel angiogenesis at the leading edge of the defect. Subsequent bone repair was marked by matrix deposition and active vascular network remodeling within new bone. Implantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) isolated from Col2.3GFP mice further showed that donor-dependent bone formation occurred rapidly within the first 3 weeks of implantation, in concert with early angiogenesis. The subsequent bone wound closure was largely host-dependent, associated with localized modest induction of angiogenesis. The establishment of a live imaging platform via cranial window provides a unique tool to understand osteogenesis and angiogenesis in repair and regeneration, enabling further elucidation of the spatiotemporal regulatory mechanisms of osteoprogenitor cell interactions with host bone healing microenvironment.
EFFECTS OF VARYING LEVELS OF SUCROSE, CORN SYRUP SOLIDS AND VINEGAR ON THE QUALITY OF SWEET PICKLED PEACHES

Quality changes in pickled peaches packed in three syrup concentrations and five ratios of sucrose-corn syrup solids were studied. Variations in the ratios of sucrose and corn syrup solids (CSS) had no apparent effect on Brix level or pH of the syrup. Shear press values which denoted increased firmness associated with osmotic action which caused shrinkage and loss of drained weight. The more attractive color of peaches packed in high density syrups (66–69° Brix) and all sucrose syrups was related to higher Gardner “a’ values. Different ratios of sucrose to CSS in the syrups significantly affected the sensory ratings for appearance, color, aroma, texture and flavor. Sensory quality scores decreased significantly when CSS were used to replace 50% or more of the sucrose in packing syrups. Multiple-comparison sensory difference tests closely paralleled findings from sensory quality ratings. Significant differences existed in sweetness, fruit flavor and general quality but not acidity. It was evident that sourness ratings were influenced by variations in syrup acidity. The Brix and acid levels of pickled peaches could be decreased by approximately 20% without causing significant changes in general quality and fruit flavor.