cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elevated liver function tests in a case of moderate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a recognized complication of ovulation induction. Abnormalities in liver function have been considered to be a rare manifestation of the severe form of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). A 28 year old woman with primary infertility underwent ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination. She was diagnosed with moderate OHSS and was followed as an outpatient. Early in her course of treatment she complained of upper right quadrant pain. Her work-up included an upper right quadrant ultrasound which showed only moderate ascites. Liver function tests at that time were elevated in a hepatocellular damage pattern. Liver function test elevations, as well as the ovarian hyperstimulation, resolved spontaneously in 10 days. Transient abnormalities in liver function do not appear to be limited to the most sever forms of OHSS.
Methods for image processing and pattern formation in Cellular Neural Networks: a tutorial

In this paper, we demonstrate that many image processing and pattern formation effects of the simple Cellular Neural Network (CNN) can be understood by means of a common approach. By examining the dynamics in the frequency domain, when all CNN cells are in the linear region, the mechanisms for IIR spatial filtering, pattern formation, morphogenesis, and synergetics can be shown to be present, even though each cell has only first-order dynamics. In addition, the method allows many of the standard CNN templates, such as the nonlinear "averaging", "halftoning", and "diffusion" templates to be explained in a new light. Through many examples, it is shown how generalizations of these templates can be used to design linear and nonlinear filters for image processing tasks such as low-pass filtering, time-varying spatial filtering, and fingerprint enhancement. >
Pulpal effects of enamel ablation with a microsecond pulsed lambda = 9.3-microm CO2 laser.

Background and Objectives In vitro studies have shown that CO2 lasers operating at the highly absorbed 9.3 and 9.6-µm wavelengths with a pulse duration in the range of 10–20-microsecond are well suited for the efficient ablation of enamel and dentin with minimal peripheral thermal damage. Even though these CO2 lasers are highly promising, they have yet to receive FDA approval. Clinical studies are necessary to determine if excessive heat deposition in the tooth may have any detrimental pulpal effects, particularly at higher ablative fluencies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pulpal safety of laser irradiation of tooth occlusal surfaces under the conditions required for small conservative preparations confined to enamel. Study Design/Materials and Methods Test subjects requiring removal of third molar teeth were recruited and teeth scheduled for extraction were irradiated using a pulsed CO2 laser at a wavelength of 9.3 µm operating at 25 or 50 Hz using a incident fluence of 20 J/cm2 for a total of 3,000 laser pulses (36 J) for both rates with water cooling. Two control groups were used, one with no treatment and one with a small cut made with a conventional high-speed hand-piece. No anesthetic was used for any of the procedures and tooth vitality was evaluated prior to treatment by heat, cold and electrical testing. Short term effects were observed on teeth extracted within 72 hours after treatment and long term effects were observed on teeth extracted 90 days after treatment. The pulps of the teeth were fixed with formalin immediately after extraction and subjected to histological examination. Additionally, micro-thermocouple measurements were used to estimate the potential temperature rise in the pulp chamber of extracted teeth employing the same irradiation conditions used in vivo. Results Pulpal thermocouple measurements showed the internal temperature rise in the tooth was within safe limits, 3.3±1.4°C without water cooling versus 1.7±1.6°C with water-cooling, n = 25, P<0.05. None of the control or treatment groups showed any deleterious effects on pulpal tissues and none of the 29 test-subjects felt pain or discomfort after the procedure. Only two test-subjects felt discomfort from “cold sensitivity” during the procedure caused by the water-spray. Conclusion It appears that this CO2 laser can ablate enamel safely without harming the pulp under the rate of energy deposition employed in this study. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:256–263, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
DNA Methyltransferases1 (DNMT1) and 3a (DNMT3a) Colocalize with GAD67-Positive Neurons in the GAD67-GFP Mouse Brain

DNA methylation is an epigenetic regulatory mechanism commonly associated with transcriptional silencing. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are a family of related proteins that both catalyze the de novo formation of 5-methylcytosine and maintain these methylation marks in cell-specific patterns in virtually all mitotic cells of the body. In the adult brain, methylation occurs in progenitor cells of the neurogenic zones and in postmitotic neurons. Of the DNMTs, DNMT1 and DNMT3a are most highly expressed in postmitotic neurons. While it has been commonly thought all post-mitotic neurons and glia express DNMTs at comparable levels, the coexpression of selected DNMTs with markers of distinct neurotransmitter phenotypes has not been previously examined in detail in the mouse. To this end, we analyzed the expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3a along with GAD67 in the brains of the glutamic acid decarboxylase67-enhanced green fluorescent protein (GAD67-GFP) knockin mice. After first confirming that GFP-immunopositive neurons were also GAD67-positive, we showed that in the motor cortex, piriform cortex, striatum, CA1 region of the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and basolateral amygdala (BLA), GFP immunofluorescence coincided with the signal corresponding to DNMT1 and DNMT3a. A detailed examination of cortical neurons, showed that ≈30% of NeuN-immunopositive neurons were also DNMT1-positive. These data do not exclude the expression of DNMT1 or DNMT3a in glutamatergic neurons and glia. However, they suggest that their expression is low compared with the levels present in GABAergic neurons.
The Implementation of a Hybrid-Execute-In-Place Architecture to Reduce the Embedded System Memory Footprint and Minimize Boot Time

Success in the embedded world revolves around two key concepts: cost effectiveness and performance. The ability for an operating system to boot quickly combined with speedy application usage at runtime is important with regards to consumer unit adoption. The most common memory sub-system setup in cellular phone architectures today is what is called an eXecute-In-Place architecture. This type of memory sub-system defines the execution of code and data, directly from NOR flash memory. An additional memory architecture of choice is called a store and download architecture. This is a memory sub-system where the code gets copied to RAM at boot time and executes out of the RAM. This paper explores the addition of a new memory usage model called the balanced XIP system, The result is a. system that combines a small RAM memory requirement with a performance increase for improved targeted application and boot time execution.
Mechanical Properties of Interpenetrating Microstructures: The Al2O3/c-ZrO2 System

Composites of Al2O3 (A) and cubic ZrO2 (Z) (8 mol% Y2O3) (with c-ZrO2 volume fractions ranging from O to 1) were fabricated by pressureless sintering of mechanically mixed powders. The microstructures of the AZ composites were duplex, with the grains of both phases exhibiting similar size. Room-temperature mechanical properties including Young's modulus (determined from elastic wave velocity measurements), strength and toughness (by indentation-strength-in-bending), and Vickers microhardness were evaluated for the full range of compositions. All properties exhibited a linear decrease with increasing c-ZrO2 content, and no R-curve behavior was seen in any of the composite compositions. Fracture morphology, observed from cracks emanating from microhardness indentations, changed from essentially intergranular for the tougher Al2O3 to transgranular for c-ZrO2, with AZ composites exhibiting mixed morphology.
Developing a Forensic Continuous Audit Model

Despite increased attention to internal controls and risk assessment, traditional audit approaches do not seem to be highly effective in uncovering the majority of frauds. Less than 20 percent of all occupational frauds are uncovered by auditors. Forensic accounting has recognized the need for automated approaches to fraud analysis yet research has not examined the benefits of forensic continuous auditing as a method to detect and deter corporate fraud. The purpose of this paper is to show how such an approach is possible. A model is presented that supports the acceptance of forensic continuous auditing by auditors and management as an effective tool to support the audit function, meet management’s regulatory objectives, and to combat fraud. An approach to developing such a system is presented.
Seated Posture in the Dynamic Mode- Preliminary Results:

Many advanced ergonomic chairs currently available allow operators to utilize a dynamic mode of operation in which supporting surfaces (seat pan and backrest) have some degree of motion in response to body movement. However, there is a lack of behavior data demonstrating the effectiveness of this option. The current study involves a postural analysis of VDT operators who alternated between copy-intensive and screen-intensive tasks while utilizing a chair which allowed dynamic movement between forward tilting and backwards leaning postures. Results indicated that subjects tended to utilize the extreme positions of the chair.
Physics as freedom

We live in a world full of "things". Much of what we do everyday involves reenacting verbs on things. For example, trimming a piece of paper may be described as reenacting the verb "cut" on the piece of paper. Just as we reenact verbs on things, we often times reenact verbs on files. But for the average person, reenacting verbs on files tends to involve many more steps, and takes a much longer time to complete. Yes it's true that you get faster as you get better with the tools, but that's not all. Software tools are usually much more expensive than their physical counterparts. To be fair, software tools typically do a lot more than one thing to justify their cost. But the real difference is not in the speed or the cost. It is in having the freedom of choice. In the physical world, if we don't have a knife to cut with, we can choose to use our own bare hands. If our hands are tied up, we can even use our teeth. Nobody can deny us of this freedom of choice that physics affords us. Why should the digital world be any different?
Social justice and educational administration: mutually exclusive?

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to explore some of the current tensions within educational administration in the USA and conclude with a few cautions for educators who engage in social justice projects.Design/methodology/approach – Using a selective case, this historical essay examines the issues of social justice and equity as they have related to educational administration in the USA.Findings – The article finds that while educational administrative practice has been characterized as maintaining the social and political status quo, there are historic examples of leaders promoting social justice. One exemplar is J. Rupert Picott, who provides an example of how one educational leader navigated through a hostile environment to achieve equity.Practical implications – In a society where accountability is narrowly defined and economic concerns continue to perpetuate a managerial model for educational administrators, those who embrace a social justice perspective will do so at their own peril. However...
Towards automating the generation of SCORM-based multimedia product training manuals

The product training manuals for complex machinery often consist of large-scale presentation-based documents with rich media. The content of the manuals is typically required to use up-to-date product information for effective training. Current training authoring tools have limitations in creating such large-scale product training course content in a timely manner due to the labor-intensive and time-consuming authoring processes. This paper presents an automated method to improve the process. It is based on formal specifications to dynamically generate DSSSL document styles for transforming the existing storage-based product documents into large-scale presentation-based product training manuals. The generated manuals are based on SCORM, an industry training course specification.
Civic Engagement in Extreme Times: The Remaking of Justice among Guatemala's "Postwar" Generation.

In recent years, there has been a dramatic growth in the field of youth civic engagement, although little of this work has been conducted in fragile democracies contending with legacies of war and authoritarianism. This study explores how Guatemalan postwar generation youth develop as civic actors under extreme conditions of violence, social and political distrust, and a dwindling space for public expression. Drawing from ethnographic research conducted in rural and urban Guatemala, this study demonstrates how young people’s sense of civic efficacy interacts with their interpretations of historical injustice and the civic messages mediated by teachers, families, peers, and communities. Young people struggle to define and enact appropriate civic action, at times working outside unjust systems as a means of fostering change.
Micropower CMOS Integrated Low-Noise Amplification, Filtering, and Digitization of Multimodal Neuropotentials

Electrical activity in the brain spans a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, requiring simultaneous recording of multiple modalities of neurophysiological signals in order to capture various aspects of brain state dynamics. Here, we present a 16-channel neural interface integrated circuit fabricated in a 0.5 mum 3M2P CMOS process for selective digital acquisition of biopotentials across the spectrum of neural signal modalities in the brain, ranging from single spike action potentials to local field potentials (LFP), electrocorticograms (ECoG), and electroencephalograms (EEG). Each channel is composed of a tunable bandwidth, fixed gain front-end amplifier and a programmable gain/resolution continuous-time incremental DeltaSigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC). A two-stage topology for the front-end voltage amplifier with capacitive feedback offers independent tuning of the amplifier bandpass frequency corners, and attains a noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 2.9 at 8.2 kHz bandwidth for spike recording, and a NEF of 3.2 at 140 Hz bandwidth for EEG recording. The amplifier has a measured midband gain of 39.6 dB, frequency response from 0.2 Hz to 8.2 kHz, and an input-referred noise of 1.94 muV rms while drawing 12.2 muA of current from a 3.3 V supply. The lower and higher cutoff frequencies of the bandpass filter are adjustable from 0.2 to 94 Hz and 140 Hz to 8.2 kHz, respectively. At 10-bit resolution, the ADC has an SNDR of 56 dB while consuming 76 muW power. Time-modulation feedback in the ADC offers programmable digital gain (1-4096) for auto-ranging, further improving the dynamic range and linearity of the ADC. Experimental recordings with the system show spike signals in rat somatosensory cortex as well as alpha EEG activity in a human subject.
Subband Recombination in a-Si:H

Photoluminescence (PL) in a-Si:H has been studied as a function of excitation energy from above the gap down to well below the gap. Although the width of the PL peak shows no strong dependence on the excitation energy at low temperatures, the low energy tail of bandtail PL exhibits an approximately exponential drop with decreasing energy, I ≈ exp(hv/δE), where δE increases with decreasing excitation energy for excitation energy below about 1.65 eV. This behavior is attributed to the slow downward hopping of holes in the valence band tail that are generated below a thermalization threshold at low temperatures.
Presurgical evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy using interictal temporal spikes and positron emission tomography

• Objective. —Our goal was to determine the role of fludeoxyglucose F 18—positron emission tomography ( 18 FDG-PET) and interictal temporal spikes in lateralizing the epileptogenic region in patients who (1) were diagnosed as having temporal lobe epilepsy based on clinical symptoms and exclusively temporal interictal spikes and (2) did not have a structural lesion on magnetic resonance imaging. Design. —This was a retrospective study of 40 consecutive patients fulfilling the above criteria who underwent 18 FDG-PET scanning. A firm electrophysiologic diagnosis and 1 complete year of postsurgical follow-up, where applicable, were required. Outcome measures included surgical outcome and final electrophysiologic diagnosis. Results. —Unilateral, interictal temporal spikes (ITS) were present in 33 (82.5%) of 40 patients. Seven patients (17.5%) had bitemporal, independent spikes. Thirty-one (77.5%) of 40 patients had unilateral temporal hypometabolism (TH). Twenty-eight (70%) patients had concordant TH and ITS. One year after surgery, 31 of 33 patients with unilateral ITS were greatly improved; two of five who had bitemporal ITS showed similar improvement. In 28 patients, unilateral TH and unilateral ITS were concordant. The paired result always concurred with the final neurophysiologic assessment. Surgical outcome between patients with 18 FDG-PET showing unilateral TH (26 of 30 greatly improved) and those not showing unilateral TH (six of eight greatly improved) was not significantly different. Conclusion. —In temporal lobe epilepsy not associated with a mass lesion, unilateral ITS are reliable lateralizing features and suggest a good surgical outcome. Use of 18 FDG-PET provides corroborative lateralizing information but 18 FDG-PET that fails to show unilateral TH does not preclude a good surgical outcome.
Invariant subpixel material detection in hyperspectral imagery

We present an algorithm for subpixel material detection in hyperspectral data that is invariant to the illumination and atmospheric conditions. The algorithm does not require atmospheric correction. The target material spectral reflectance is the only required prior information. A target material subspace model is constructed from the reflectance using a physical model and a background subspace model is estimated directly from the image. These two subspace models are used to compute maximum-likelihood estimates (MLEs) for the target material component and the background component at each image pixel. These estimates form the basis of a generalized likelihood ratio test for subpixel material detection. We present experimental results, using Hyperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment (HYDICE) imagery, that demonstrate the utility of the algorithm for subpixel material detection under varying illumination and atmospheric conditions.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF WOUND HEALING

Injury triggers an organized and complex cascade of cellular and biochemical events that result in a healed wound. For didactic purposes, the wound healing response can be divided into three distinct but overlapping phases: (1) hemostasis and inflammation, (2) proliferation, and (3) maturation or remodeling. 116 Failure or prolongation in one phase may result in delay of healing or nonclosure of the wound. Wound healing failures remain a significant clinical problem with large impact on health care costs. A better grasp of the fundamental physiology of healing results in a clearer understanding of the pathophysiologic processes that impair healing.
The Capacity of the White Gaussian Noise Channel

The capacity of the white Gaussian noise (WGN) channel is widely stated as S/N 0 nats/unit time. This conclusion is commonly derived either formally, or from the capacity, W ln(l + S/N 0 W ), of the corresponding band-limited channel with bandwidth W , by taking W →8. In this paper, the WGN channel capacity is instead found directly by treating WGN as an arbitrary noise sequence that whitens in a general sense. In addition, the coding theorems proved make explicit the class of allowable receivers, either finite- or infinite-dimensional correlation receivers, or unconstrained. The capacities for these three receiver classes are found to be, respectively: S/N 0 for S > 0, and 0 for S = 0; and 8 for all S ≥ 0. In those cases where the capacity is infinite, actual transmitter–receiver pairs are specified that achieve capacity.
Realizing Distributed Gains: How Collaboration with Support Services Transformed a Basic Writing Program for International Students.

As part of a broad, campus-wide Writing Initiative designed to improve stu- dent-writing skills, Fairleigh Dickinson University opened a new campus writing center in fall 2006. Concurrently, a separate component of this initiative was launched to replace the English for General Purposes instruction offered in the traditional English as a Second Language program with English for Specific Purposes, which provides non-native English speakers with discipline-specific instruction to improve their English proficiency. The newly appointed directors of these programs—the authors of this article—found themselves in a fortuitous collaboration that organically shaped the services each delivered. This collaboration eventually resulted in a basic writing model permutation that speaks to current trends in the field. This article (1) provides the developmental history of our collaboration, (2) describes the model of basic writing that emerged at our institution, which although specifically de- signed for students who are non-native English speakers has practical implications for all basic writers; and (3) demonstrates how campus support services provide students with the means for sustainable success beyond the classroom by extending the learning community.
Gold mining and the golden rule: a challenge for producers and consumers in developing countries

Abstract The environmental and social impact of gold mining is particularly acute and hence there has been a call on the part of numerous activists to reconsider the necessity of mining this metal when more supplies of gold are above than below ground. This is especially true since gold is eminently recyclable and is primarily used for ornamentation. However, the key issue with regard to the gold industry is that unlike most luxury commodities, the largest areas of gold consumption are found in impoverished developing countries. Cultural factors play an important role in gold consumption and Western anti-mining activists are often tepid on this issue to avoid being blamed for lack of sensitivity. Yet, if developing countries are to accuse developed countries of over-consumption and resulting environmental impacts, they must also evaluate their own consumption patterns of gold. This paper explores the ways in which this issue can be approached as an integrated societal concern. By following these measures, both developed and developing countries can avoid breaking the “golden rule” of personal accountability and reduce the potential for conflict.
Applications of square-related theorems

The square centre of a given square is the point of intersection of its two diagonals. When two squares of different side lengths share the same square centre, there are in general four diagonals that go through the same square centre. The Two Squares Theorem developed in this paper summarizes some nice theoretical conclusions that can be obtained when two squares of different side lengths share the same square centre. These results provide the theoretical basis for two of the constructions given in the book of H.S. Hall and F.H. Stevens , ‘A Shorter School Geometry, Part 1, Metric Edition’. In page 134 of this book, the authors present, in exercise 4, a practical construction which leads to a verification of the Pythagorean theorem. Subsequently in Theorems 29 and 30, the authors present the standard proofs of the Pythagorean theorem and its converse. In page 140, the authors present, in exercise 15, what amounts to a geometric construction, whose verification involves a simple algebraic identity. Both t...
A Patient with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Presenting with Sino-Orbital Mucormycosis

ABSTRACT Objective: To present the case of a patient who developed sino-orbital mucormycosis after an occupational exposure and was found to have newly diagnosed uncontrolled diabetes. Methods: We present the patient's clinical, laboratory, imaging, and histopathology findings and review literature relevant for the evaluation and management of patients with diabetes and suspected mucormycosis. Results: A 53-year-old man with a past medical history of mild-intermittent asthma presented with nasal congestion for 1 month and left-eye pain, swelling, and double vision for 3 days. Patient was employed as a construction worker and reported working on water-damaged houses, pulling out rotten wood and wet plasterboard after Hurricane Sandy. Examination revealed left-eye proptosis, erythema of the superior lid, and diplopia upon upward and right lateral gaze. The left nasal cavity contained mucopurulent discharge. Laboratory analyses were significant for blood glucose of 450 mg/dL with a hemoglobin A1c of 12.2%. A...
EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL TEMPERATURE ON GAMETOCYSTS AND OOCYSTS OF TWO SPECIES OF GREGARINES BLABERICOLA MIGRATOR AND BLABERICOLA CUBENSIS (APICOMPLEXA: EUGREGARINIDA: BLABERICOLIDAE) PARASITIZING BLABERID COCKROACHES (DICTYOPTERA: BLABERIDAE)

Abiotic environmental conditions, especially temperature and humidity, have profound effects on the growth and development of gregarines, but these effects remain largely undocumented. Quantifying the effects of environmental conditions on the growth and development of exogenous gregarine ontogenetic stages is an important first step in understanding the transmission, population dynamics, and environmental persistence of gregarine infection. In this study, we examined the effect of 6 environmental temperatures (10, 18, 22, 27, 35, and 40 C) at constant humidity (0 mmHg vapor pressure deficit) on gametocyst development and oocyst viability in 2 gregarine species: Blabericola migrator and Blabericola cubensis parasitizing the Tiger-striped Hissing Cockroach, Princisia vanwaerebecki, and the Discoid Cockroach, Blaberus discoidalis, respectively. Temperature has a significant effect on gametocyst development and oocyst viability for both gregarine species. Gametocyst development for both gregarine species displays a similar threshold response to environmental temperature: 10 and 40 C represent extremes outside their developmental range, but within these extremes, the relationship between gametocyst development and temperature is weakly direct. Dehiscence increased with temperature from 68% at 18 C to 93% at 22 C and remained at that level through 35 C. Developmental temperature also has a meaningful but inverse effect on oocyst viability of both B. migrator and B. cubensis. For both species, oocyst viability is highest at 18 and 22 C and is significantly reduced at 27 and 35 C. Thus oocyst production and sporozoite viability are linked but environmentally independent phenomena. Overall, there is an acceptable developmental temperature zone for B. migrator and B. cubensis that ranges from 18 to 27 C, but production of viable sporozoites is greatest in a relatively narrow zone around 22 C. Prior studies have postulated that mechanisms that concentrate oocysts and hosts, such as host behavior or host microhabitat preference, increase the host-oocyst encounter rate and thus transmission. This study indicates that abiotic influences on gametocyst development may also lead to heterogeneous oocyst distributions in the environment and increase the likelihood of host-oocyst encounters.
Phased-array 64-element 20-MHz receiver for data capture and real-time beamforming

The Brigham Young University (BYU) Radio Astronomy group, in collaboration with Cornell University, the University of Massachusetts, and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), have developed a phased-array feed receiver with sufficient bandwidth and elements for basic scientific use. This paper summarizes the capabilities of this 20-MHz, 64-element FPGA-based system.
Uncertainty Quantification in Time-Dependent Reliability Analysis

One of the essential steps in time-dependent reliability analysis is the characterization of stochastic load processes and system random variables based on experimental or historical data. Limited data results in uncertainty in the modeling of random variables and stochastic loadings. The uncertainty in random variable and stochastic load models later causes uncertainty in the results of reliability analysis. An uncertainty quantification framework is developed in this paper for time-dependent reliability analysis. The effects of two kinds of uncertainty sources, namely data uncertainty and model uncertainty on the results of time-dependent reliability analysis are investigated. The Bayesian approach is employed to model the epistemic uncertainty sources in random variables and stochastic processes. A straightforward formulation of uncertainty quantification in time-dependent reliability analysis results in a double-loop implementation, which is computationally expensive. Therefore, this paper builds a surrogate model for the conditional reliability index in terms of variables with imprecise parameters. Since the conditional reliability index is independent of the epistemic uncertainty, the surrogate model is applicable for any realizations of the epistemic uncertainty. Based on the surrogate model, the uncertainty in time-dependent reliability analysis is quantified without evaluating the original limit-state function, which increases the efficiency of uncertainty quantification. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using a mathematical example and an engineering application example.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Performance and Qwl in a Data Entry Task

The effects of the work environment on performance and QWL was examined in bank proof encoding departments. A multidimensional model was proposed and included environmental factors, people factors, and organizational effectiveness. A large set of variables, measuring all aspects of the model, was reduced via stepwise regression and subjected to a canonical correlation, which yielded two variates. Job design and context were strongly linked to QWL, while job and organizational design, and the physical environment were linked to performance. The necessity of a multidimensional approach was supported by the findings. The model proved useful, but only in a limited sense.
What's hot and what's not anticipating trends in technology.

Technology tends to progress over time in a step fashion. Changes in productivity associated with technology, when followed over time, often plot out as an S curve. Long quiescent periods are interrupted by rapid rises in technology advance and productivity. Anticipating this is important since it often enables us to plan for new technology. The lag in response to change often leads to bad planning or bad decisions. For example, I recently brought a new 166 Mhz laptop just a month before the new 233s came out, with a corresponding drop in the price of the 166 models ... so it clear I am not omniscient on the subject. In this column we will discuss important trends and identify what is hot and what is not in order to help you anticipate change in technology. I'll explore eight areas in depth. I will also touch on what you need to do to take advantage of the new technology if you have invested in older legacy technology.
Structure of Chalcogenide Glasses

When group V and IV elements are added to group VI elements, glasses are formed in which structural groups V VI3/2 and IV VI4/2 modify and replace their chain and ring structures. In the resulting binary and polynary systems atomic structure and microstructure can be correlated with properties of increasing technological significance. Threshold and memory switchingdiode, photocopy, acousto-optical and infrared optical devices are based on these properties. The increase in softening temperature attainable by the incorporation of V-VI structures and micro structures is particularly promising for the design of temperature-stable infrared-transmitting materials.
A New Species of Trinectes (Pleuronectiformes: Achiridae), with Comments on the other Eastern Pacific Species of the Genus

A new eastern Pacific achirid, Trinectes xanthurus, has a distinctive yellow or light caudal fin, without pattern, to contrast with its relatively dark body. This species also has black, posterior margins of the dorsal and anal fins and 21-22 caudal vertebrae, versus 19-20 for its Pacific coast congeners. It usually is found in shallow, continental shelf waters on sand or mud bottoms and ranges from Colombia to El Salvador. The genus Trinectes is represented in the eastern Pacific by four species. A fifth species usually occurs in Pacific slope drainages (freshwater) in Panama. Of these species, only Trinectes fonsecensis is found throughout the tropical eastern Pacific, while the other three coastal species are confined to tropical waters south of the Golfo de Tehauntepec.
Complete Genome Sequence of Enterovirus D68 Detected in Classroom Air and on Environmental Surfaces.

ABSTRACT We amplified and sequenced the complete genome of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) that had been collected from classroom air using a filter-based air sampling method and by swab sampling of environmental surfaces. Relatively high levels of EV-D68 genome equivalents were found per cubic meter of air by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).
Low-via-resistance and low-cost PVD-TiZrN barrier for Cu/low-K interconnects

In this work, a low-resistance and low-cost PVD-TiZrN barrier is evaluated for BEOL interconnect. Comparing to conventional PVD barrier, comparable Cu barrier and Cu wetting properties are obtained. Moreover, up to 55% of via resistance reduction is achieved, with comparable voltage breakdown performance comparing to conventional one.
Humanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century

(2002). Humanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century. Public Integrity: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 97-100.
Microbiological Quality of Foodservice Menu Items Produced and Stored by Cook/Chill, Cook/Freeze, Cook/Hot-Hold and Heat/Serve Methods1

Microbiological quality of menu items prepared by cook/chill, cook/freeze, cook/hot-hold and heat/serve methods for producing and storing menu items in foodservice systems is reviewed. Of the 40 studies, 21 focused on the cook/chill method and two on the heat/serve. Nine studies on the microbiological quality of delicatessen and fast food were also reviewed. Microbiological evaluation included total plate count, mesophilic aerobic plate count, psychrotrophic aerobic plate count, streptococcal count, staphylococcal count, clostridial count, coliforms, fecal coliforms, yeast and mold, Clostridium perfringens , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Clostridium sporogenes , Streptococcus faecium , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Bacillus cereus , Bacillus spp., coagulase-positive staphylococci, fecal streptococci and Salmonella . In 29 of the studies, heat was applied to menu items at one or more process steps - initial heating, hot-holding and/or final heating. Initial heating temperatures for entrees ranged from 45 to 90°C, while final heating temperatures ranged from 23 to 98°C. Times ranged from 15 to 90 min for initial heating and 0.33 to 35 min for final heating. Continued research is needed to provide data on effects of time and temperature on the microbiological quality of menu items. Such data will provide foodservice practitioners with adequate assurance that chosen thermal processing methods destroy microorganisms of public health significance.
Abstract 1965: Hippo pathway restrains cell proliferation via assembly of the DREAM repressor complex

Hippo pathway mediates tumor suppression in various organisms by the mechanisms that are not fully understood. The canonical Hippo pathway converges on the pro-oncogenic transcription factors YAP and TAZ that are phosphorylated by LATS1 or LATS2 protein kinases, resulting in their proteasomal degradation. Hippo pathway is regulated by various extracellular signals including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid that has a tumor-promoting activity. High levels of LPA in the malignant effusions correlate with increased epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) aggressiveness. However, the mitogenic effect of LPA is not well understood. We hypothesized that the Hippo signaling can regulate cell proliferation though a novel mechanism involving retinoblastoma (RB) family proteins. Previous studies show that LATS2 contributes to the function of the DREAM (DP, RB-like, E2F, and MuvB core) complex that promotes the G0/G1 arrest by repressing more than 800 cell cycle-regulated genes. The DREAM complex formation depends on phosphorylation of LIN52 subunit of the MuvB core by DYRK1A protein kinase. DYRK1A activity towards LIN52 is promoted by LATS2 phosphorylation in vitro. However, it remains to be established whether the Hippo signaling regulates the function of DREAM complex in vivo. To understand the mechanism by which inhibition of the Hippo signaling can promote cell proliferation, we determined the effect of LPA on the DREAM complex in the ovarian cancer and the precursor cell lines. Using immunoprecipitation-Western blot assays, we show that the LPA treatment of serum-starving cells prevents the recruitment of RB-like p130 into the DREAM complex. Consequently, the cells escape from G0/G1 arrest as demonstrated by FACS analysis of the DNA synthesis. Since MuvB core also contributes to the expression of mitotic genes through binding to BMYB transcription factor, we show that this interaction is not disrupted by LPA. In support of the model that LPA effects are mediated by inhibition of the Hippo signaling, the RNAi knockdown of both LATS1 and LATS2 in ovarian cell lines also resulted in the impaired DREAM assembly. To characterize the mechanism by which LPA can interfere with the DREAM complex formation, we investigated the changes in LIN52 phosphorylation upon LPA treatment or LATS depletion. Our data support the model in which the disruption of the Hippo signaling inhibits the phosphorylation of LIN52, thereby preventing the formation of the DREAM complex and entry into G0/G1 arrest. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism by which inhibition of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway can promote cancer cell proliferation. Citation Format: Larisa Litovchick, Siddharth Saini. Hippo pathway restrains cell proliferation via assembly of the DREAM repressor complex. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1965. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1965
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Pediatric Spinal Arthrodesis: A Statewide Analysis of Trends and Outcome of Utilization.

INTRODUCTION Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is considered off-label when used to augment spinal arthrodesis in children and adolescents. There is a paucity of longer-term information on BMP use in this population. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of BMP utilization in pediatric spinal arthrodesis, assess factors associated with BMP use in this population, and evaluate long-term outcome. METHODS Spinal arthrodeses in patients 18 years and younger performed in New York State between 2004 and 2014 were identified through the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database. All cases had a minimum 1-year follow-up. The primary outcome was revision arthrodesis. The primary outcome, as well as short-term and longer-term complications were identified using time-to-event analysis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between BMP and outcomes. RESULTS Of 7312 children and adolescents who underwent spinal arthrodesis, 462 (6.7%) received BMP. Utilization spiked between 2008 and 2010 when (8.6%) of cases received BMP, but subsequently BMP use returned to pre-2008 levels (2004 to 2007: 5.3%; 2011 to 2014: 5.5%). BMP was more likely to be used in children who were older (P=0.027), white and with higher mean family income (P<0.001 for race and income). BMP was more likely to be used for revision surgery, 2 to 3 level fusions, and spondylolisthesis (P<0.001 for all). Revision rates did not differ based on BMP utilization status. Patients receiving BMP did not have increased risk of short-term complications although at 5-year follow-up, BMP was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of mechanical complications (hazard ratio 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.14). CONCLUSIONS Off-label use of BMP for pediatric spinal arthrodesis increased until 2008 and now appears to be decreasing. Racial/ethnic minorities and lower socioeconomic status patients are less likely to receive BMP. The rate of revision after spinal arthrodesis does not differ between those treated with and without BMP. Further long-term studies are required to delineate appropriate guidelines for BMP utilization in children. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
Low-profile dual-band emulated GPS constellation antenna

A novel low-profile dual-band emulated GPS constellation antenna design is proposed. The antenna consists of a cube with four square spirals printed on a Rogers's 4003C circuit board. The antenna is fed with a 4:1 transmission line splitter with a quadrature output for right hand circular polarization. The antenna presented has a cosecant-squared antenna radiation pattern.
Mathematics Applied in the Modern Bank.

IT IS seldom that the daily press pro vides wholesale opportunities to illustrate applications of mathematics. Neverthe less, the current advertisements on com pounded-interest returns do just that. The 11 July 1973 issue of the New York Times contained fourteen such advertisements (some were full page) that occupied 16,640 square centimeters (over 2,500 square inches) of newspaper space. Other news papers over the country no doubt con tained similar amounts of advertising to inform people of the significance of the new practice of daily, hourly, and con tinuous (instantaneous) compounding of interest. These advertisements showed almost unheard-of high rates of interest for vari ous types of deposits or certificates. Com putations of semiannual compounding of interest are challenging enough for paper and-pencil calculations, but the compu tations of daily, hourly, or continuous compounding of interest are even more difficult. They call for more specialized methods available only to specialized personnel, including mathematics teachers. Since these unusually high interest re turns are bound to attract the attention and curiosity of both parents and stu dents, teachers have at present an unusual opportunity to be of genuine service in explaining a topic that is relevant to every citizen's pocketbook. Topics associated with calculations of compound-interest amounts are the fol lowing:
Combatting IC counterfeiting using secure chip odometers

Integrated circuit counterfeiting is a significant and growing problem for electronics manufacturers, system integrators, and end users. The widespread prevalence of counterfeit ICs in the manufacturing supply chain raises significant security and reliability concerns. To combat IC counterfeiting, a secure chip odometer was designed to provide ICs with both a secure gauge of use/age and an authentication of provenance enabling simple, secure, robust differentiation between genuine and counterfeit parts. The secure chip odometers employ chained one-shot binary aging elements (BAEs) that use intentional accelerated device aging to measure use and age of the chip. A prototype secure odometer was taped out on a 1.2mm × 1.7mm testchip in a 65nm bulk CMOS process as a proof-of-concept.
Intergenerational response to the endocrine disruptor vinclozolin is influenced by maternal genotype and crossing scheme

In utero exposure to vinclozolin (VIN), an antiandrogenic fungicide, is linked to multigenerational phenotypic and epigenetic effects. Mechanisms remain unclear. We assessed the role of antiandrogenic activity and DNA sequence context by comparing effects of VIN vs. M2 (metabolite with greater antiandrogenic activity) and wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice vs. mice carrying mutations at the previously reported VIN-responsive H19/Igf2 locus. First generation offspring from VIN-treated 8nrCG mutant dams exhibited increased body weight and decreased sperm ICR methylation. Second generation pups sired by affected males exhibited decreased neonatal body weight but only when dam was unexposed. Offspring from M2 treatments, B6 dams, 8nrCG sires or additional mutant lines were not similarly affected. Therefore, pup response to VIN over two generations detected here was an 8nrCG-specific maternal effect, independent of antiandrogenic activity. These findings demonstrate that maternal effects and crossing scheme play a major role in multigenerational response to in utero exposures.
Longitudinal health consequences of socioeconomic disadvantage: Examining perceived discrimination as a mediator.

OBJECTIVE Foundational theoretical perspectives suggest that socioeconomic disadvantage (SED) increases an individual's risk of being exposed to unfair treatment or discrimination. However, little empirical attention has been given to the role of perceived discrimination in the SED-health gradient. Addressing this knowledge gap, the current study examined the mediating role of discrimination in the longitudinal association between SED and self-rated health. METHOD Participants in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study were followed over 3 waves covering a 17- to 19-year period (N = 6,286; 53% female; 91% White; mean age at baseline = 47 years, SD = 13). SED was assessed from education, occupational prestige, income, and assets; self-rated health was measured at baseline and follow-up assessments. Two measures of discrimination-perceived inequality in work and everyday discrimination-were considered as mediators. RESULTS Both measures of discrimination emerged as important explanatory variables in the link between SED and health. SED at the baseline assessment was associated with changes in self-rated health over the 17- to 19-year period (B = -.15, p < .001). Measures of discrimination partially mediated this longitudinal association, explaining 22% of the total effect. Exposure to discrimination and its health consequences were also more pronounced at younger ages. CONCLUSION Additional research is needed to replicate the findings of this study using objective health measures and to examine possible interventions. Challenging the ideologies and practices that underlie social class-related discrimination, or mitigating its harmful consequences, will both be important approaches to consider. (PsycINFO Database Record
Interventions Used by Colleges to Respond to Student Mental Health Crisis

August 2011 This paper may be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1920927 A complete index of University of Virginia School of Law research papers is available at Law and Economics: http://www.ssrn.com/link/U-Virginia-LEC.html Public Law and Legal Theory: http://www.ssrn.com/link/U-Virginia-PUB.html