cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Edge Node Data Replica Management Method For Distribution Internet Of Things

Under the background of distribution Internet of things (D-IoT), the traditional cloud computing method is difficult to adapt to larger scale data backup, and there is a high demand for power data center computing capacity. Firstly, the data processing architecture of distribution Internet of things based on edge computing is constructed. Then, under this architecture, the management method of edge computing data copy is designed to realize the effective backup of distribution IoT data. Simulation results show that for the same data set, the proposed replica management method combining local management and cluster management has a shorter average processing time than the traditional data replica management method, and can effectively improve the processing performance of massive D-IoT data.
Bacterial Infections in Cirrhotic Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background and aims Patients with cirrhosis are immunocompromised and at higher risk of developing infections compared to the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of infections in cirrhotic patients in a large academic liver center and investigate potential associations between infections, bacteria isolated, therapeutic regimens used, and mortality. Methods This was a retrospective chart review study, including 192 patients. All patients had a diagnosis of cirrhosis and were admitted to University Hospital. Information collected included demographics, etiology of cirrhosis, identification of bacteria from cultures, multidrug-resistant (MDR) status, antibiotics administered, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and patient mortality. Results Infections were present in 105 (54.6%) patients, and 60 (31.2%) patients had multiple infections during a hospitalization(s) for infections. A total of 201 infections were identified. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) were the most common infection (37.8%), followed by bacteremia (20.4%), pneumonia (12.9%), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) (11.9%), abscess/cellulitis (6.0%), infectious diarrhea (6.0%), and other (5.0%). Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria isolated (13.4%), both among sensitive and MDR infections. MDR bacteria were the cause for 41.3% of all infections isolated. Fungi accounted for 9.5% of infections. 21.9% of patients had decompensation from their infection(s) that required ICU care, and 14.6% of patients died during hospitalization or soon after discharge. Conclusions The incidence of infections in cirrhotic patients is much higher than in their non-cirrhotic counterparts (54.6%), even higher than prior studies suggest. As many of these infections are caused by MDR bacteria and fungal organisms, stronger empiric antibiotics and antifungals should be considered when initially treating this immunocompromised population. However, once organism sensitivities are discovered, narrowing of antibiotic regimens must occur to maintain good antibiotic stewardship.
A Long and a Short Leg Make for a Wobbly Equilibrium

We provide evidence that the online discussion on the WSB subreddit had a substantial negative impact on the profitability of shorting strategies across a number of stocks — even those that were neither heavily discussed on the subreddit, nor experienced an unusual increase in retail buying volume. We provide a model to explain how fears among short sellers can become self-fulfilling. In the model, the market for shares and the lending market must clear jointly. Despite standard assumptions, the model features multiple equilibria and "run-type'' behavior by shorting agents. More broadly, the model provides a tractable framework to interpret several empirical observations on the relation between short interest, lending fees, and expected returns. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Debating a New Regulatory Framework for Radio Spectrum: Citizens Broadband Radio Service

The FCC has billed 3.5 GHz as the “innovation band,” with the idea that “regulatory adaptability should make the 3.5 GHz band hospitable to a wide variety of users, deployment models, and business cases, including some solutions to market needs not adequately served by our conventional licensed or unlicensed rules.” Whether the FCC can align the goals of access by a wide range of stakeholders and allocative efficiency will depend on the specifics of the rules concerning geographic license areas and license terms.
The Status of Women in Jewish Tradition: Venus and Mars

Anthropology holds both nature and nurture responsible for the behavioural differences between the genders. Or to use an astral idiom, manliness is only half due to men's Martian provenance and femininity only half to women's Venusian. For the rest, other luminaries, celestial and terrestrial, determine what is masculine and feminine in any given society. The rabbis had their own aetiologies for distinctively male and female demeanours. These were based, no doubt, on a blend of empirical observation and hand-me-down wisdom. Earlier we had occasion to note how intimately halakhah in general is predicated on its understanding of what makes people tick. Thus it will come as no surprise to find women's halakhah building on what might be called a rabbinic psychology of women. This psychology assumes, among other things, the proclivity of women to compassion, inquisitiveness, indolence, flightiness and ostentation. It further assumes that a woman will put up with the trashiest of husbands rather than risk spinsterhood, and that a wife will never dare falsely tell her husband (leastways to his face) ‘you divorced me’. Each of these postulates of muliebrity impacts the Talmud's halakhic thinking and teaching. Compassion Disciples must not give instruction in the presence, or even in the vicinity, of their masters. According to 2Kgs 22:14, King Josiah's courtiers went to seek religious council from Huldah.
Model-Based Forecasting

This article provides an introduction to prediction techniques based on the presence of an underlying model. Autoregressive moving average, state switching, and Bayesian models as well as their combinations and generalizations are considered. Keywords: autoregressive process; moving average process; Bayesian forecasting; state-space model; Markov's regression
Mapping Defects in Dielectrics with Dynamic Secondary Electron Contrast in the low Vacuum SEM

A model for the contrast arising from dynamic charging and discharging of a poorly conducting sample imaged in a low vacuum scanning electron microscope is presented. The system is treated as a resistor-capacitor circuit, with the flux of positive gaseous ions to the surface acting as a tuneable contribution to the time constant. Contrast is shown to arise from local variations in the electron trap density associated with defects and impurities.
Outlier identification via randomized adaptive compressive sampling

This paper examines the problem of locating outlier columns in a large, otherwise low-rank, matrix. We propose a simple two-step adaptive sensing and inference approach and establish theoretical guarantees for its performance. Our results show that accurate outlier identification is achievable using very few linear summaries of the original data matrix - as few as the squared rank of the low-rank component plus the number of outliers, times constant and logarithmic factors. We demonstrate the performance of our approach experimentally in two stylized applications, one motivated by robust collaborative filtering tasks, and the other by saliency map estimation tasks arising in computer vision and automated surveillance.
The innovation design of the magnetic adsorption climbing-wall flaw detection robot

In order to reduce the surface flaw detection cost and time consuming of large area steel iron surface (such as the surface of large storage tank or ship, etc), solve the existing wheeled magnetic adsorption technology problems of wall climbing robot, a kind of wheeled magnetic wall climbing robot is designed. Unique adsorption unit and innovation design of magnetic circuit make the wheeled wall climbing robot has a large carrying capacity. The robot uses LPC1768 chip as the control center. Divided into walking control, camera control, the other action control. Robot users through wireless handle to control the robot walking and action in the surface of steel vertical and accept the robot feedback information through a ground station. This paper mainly introduces the design of each module, gives the concrete design scheme of mechanical structure, hardware circuit and software.
Criminal Antiprofit Laws: Some Thoughts in Favor of Their Constitutionality

In the struggle for stardom, young actors work long hours in Hollywood hoping to be discovered, and aspiring writers labor over manuscripts for years before sending their stories to the big publishing houses of Manhattan. Recently, however, a rather unusual group of unknowns has been catapulted to fortune by both the entertainment industry in Hollywood and the publishing industry in New York. True stories of criminals and their misdeeds have captured the television viewing market,1 and books about criminals gear into production before the criminal even goes to trial.2 The public's fascination with criminals is part of its curiosity about the successes and misfortunes of notable personalities, including presidents, astronauts, and war heroes.3 The criminal who feeds this curiosity can command hefty financial returns both for herself and the media.4 For example, when the New York Post ran a story about the arrest of David Berkowitz, the "Son of Sam" killer,5 the paper sold one million
Applying Zooarchaeological Methods to Interpret Mortuary Behaviour and Taphonomy in Commingled Burials: The Case Study of the Late Neolithic Site of Bolores, Portugal

The rock-cut tomb of Bolores in the Portuguese Estremadura dates primarily to the Late Neolithic/Copper Age (2800–2600 BC) and, in a series of recent excavations, has yielded thousands of fragmented, commingled human bone specimens. The primary goals of the present study were to determine the minimum number of individuals interred in the tomb and to analyse spatial patterns in fragmentation intensity to identify natural and anthropogenic taphonomic processes. To investigate these research questions, the authors employed a simplified version of an established method in zooarchaeology to the study of human remains. Human bone specimens were recorded by the presence of osteological landmarks rather than the zones used in similar studies. This recording system allowed for calculation of the minimum number of individuals (further refined through dental analysis) and generated the NISPs (Numbers of Identified Specimens), minimum number of elements, fragment counts and landmarks sums essential to the conjoining and fragmentation studies. Fragmentation analysis led to the identification of four possible use areas in the tomb: two for primary inhumations and two for secondary deposits created by cleaning out the burial chambers at Bolores. We found that the application of multiple zooarchaeological methods to the study of commingled human remains has the potential to provide a more fine-grained understanding of site biography and taphonomy than human osteological methods alone. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing the margins: MBA training, international business, and “the value chain of culture”

Global capitalism requires a world of manageable differences. U.S. business schools train MBA students in the reckoning of international space as a field of risk and opportunity. Focusing particularly on the short-term study-abroad trips that have become a staple of MBA training in the past decade, I examine the role of international knowledge and experience as a constitutive part of the managerial selves contemporary capitalism is explicitly thought to require. Through these and other internationalizing experiences, I argue, MBAs learn to manage the margins: converting the risks and uncertainties of social and cultural differences into value.
Expression of xenotropic-like env RNA sequences in normal DBA/2 and NZB mouse tissues.

Abstract Using a DNA probe prepared from cloned env gene sequences of Friend spleen focus-forming viruses, we detected the differential expression of multiple RNA species in uninfected DBA/2 fibroblasts and in various tissues from adult DBA/2 and NZB mice. The size of the major RNA species detected was estimated to be 24S . The 24S RNA species was enriched in polyadenylate-selected preparations and thus may represent a message for endogenous viral envelope glycoproteins. The viral origin of the 24S RNA was further characterized by its hybridization to DNA probes containing the long terminal repeats of Harvey murine sarcoma virus, mouse mammary tumor virus, or the U3 region of an endogenous xenotropic virus. Although the env-related 24S RNA failed to react with either Harvey murine sarcoma virus or mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat probes, it hybridized well with the xenotropic virus long terminal repeat probe. Therefore, it is likely that the RNA detected with the Friend spleen focus-forming virus env probe reflects transcription of xenotropic envelope sequences in uninfected tissues. Our finding that the level of 24S RNA varied in different organs indicated some tissue specificity in the expression of these xenotropic-like env proteins.
The effect of allopurinol administration on mitochondrial respiration and gene expression of xanthine oxidoreductase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and inflammatory cytokines in selected tissues of broiler chickens.

ABSTRACT Birds have a remarkable longevity for their body size despite an increased body temperature, higher metabolic rate, and increased blood glucose concentrations compared to most mammals. As the end-product of purine degradation, uric acid (UA) is generated in the xanthine/hypoxanthine reactions catalyzed by xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). In the first study, Cobb × Cobb broilers (n = 12; 4 weeks old) were separated into 2 treatments (n = 6); control (CON) and allopurinol (AL) 35 mg/kg BW (ALLO). The purpose of this study was to assess mitochondrial function in broiler chickens in response to potential oxidative stress generated from the administration of AL for 1 wk. There was a significant reduction in state 3 respiration (P = 0.01) and state 4 respiration (P = 0.007) in AL-treated birds compared to the controls. The purpose of the second study was to assess the effect of AL on gene expression of inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN)-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p35, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase and XOR in liver tissue. Cobb × Cobb broilers were separated into two groups at 4 wk age (n = 10); CON and ALLO. After 1 wk AL treatment, half of the birds in each group (CON 1 and ALLO 1) were euthanized while the remaining birds continued on AL treatment for an additional week (CON 2 and ALLO 2). A significant increase in gene expression of XOR, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-12p35 in ALLO 2 birds as compared to birds in CON 2 was detected. Liver UA content was significantly decreased in both ALLO 1(P = 0.003) and ALLO 2 (P = 0.012) birds when compared to CON 1 and CON 2, respectively. The AL reduced liver UA concentrations and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Additional studies are needed to determine if AL causes a direct effect on mitochondria or if mitochondrial dysfunction observed in liver mitochondria was due indirectly through increased oxidative stress or increased inflammation.
High humidity overcomes lethal levels of salinity in hydroponically grown salt-sensitive plants

Red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants were grown at five NaCl levels in continuous 95–100 per cent RH. Plants survived, flowered, and produced normal-sized pods and beans even at the highest NaCl level, 9800 ppm, a level which normally results in death of the plants at lower RH. The results suggest that, because of the dwarfed nature of the plants and the reduced number but normal-sized pods and beans produced, higher planting density could substantially increase the yield per unit growing area in high humidity greenhouses when the water supply is highly saline. re]19740805
Radial expansion of hollow spheres of elastic-plastic hardening material

Abstract The problems of expansion of a hollow sphere, or of a spherical cavity in an infinite medium, are treated for homogeneous, isotropic. incompressible, elastic-plastic hardening materials. Five special material response laws, for which the solutions for the applied pressure or tension, and the stress distribution, can be represented in terms of elementary functions, are set down. Four of them involve three parameter plastic hardening laws and the fifth involves a two parameter hardening law. Important features of the solutions for compressible materials are obtained from the solutions for incompressible materials. Analysis of the condition for the occurrence of stationary values of the applied load shows that three types of behavior are possible. The pressure or tension may increase monotonically, or it may increase and then decrease, or it may increase, then decrease, and then increase again.
ACTINOMETRY IN MONOCHROMATIC FLASH PHOTOLYSIS: THE EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT OF TRIPLET BENZOPHENONE AND QUANTUM YIELD OF TRIPLET ZINC TETRAPHENYL PORPHYRIN

The extinction coefficient epsilon/sub T/, of triplet benzophenone in benzene has been directly determined by absolute measurements of absorbed energy and triplet absorbance, ..delta..D/sup 0//sub T/, under demonstrably linear conditions where incident excitation energy, E/sub 0/, and ground state absorbance, A/sub 0/, are both extrapolated to zero. The result, 7220 +- 320 M/sup -1/ cm/sup -1/ at 530 nm, validates and corrects many measurements of triplet and radical extinctions and yields, using the energy-transfer method. As E/sub 0/ and A/sub 0/ both decrease, ..delta..D/sup 0//sub T/ becomes proportional to their product. In this situation, the ratio R = (1/A/sub 0/) (d..delta..D/sup 0//sub T//dE/sub 0/) = (epsilon/sub T/ /sup -/ epsilon/sub G/)phi/sub T/. Measurements of R, referred to benzophenone, give (epsilon/sub T/ - epsilon/sub G/)phi/sub T/ for any substance, without necessity for absolute energy calibration. Both absolute and relative laser flash measurements on zinc tetraphenyl porphyrin (epsilon/sub T/ - epsilon/sub G/ at 470 nm = 7.3 x 10/sup 4/ M/sup -1/ cm/sup -1/) give phi/sub T/ = 0.83 +- 0.04. 6 figures, 2 tables.
Risk factors for gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma: similarities, differences and updates.

Introduction Far-ranging variation in the incidence of gallbladder cancer (GBC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in different geographic regions on the globe may reflect the risk factor distribution for these tumors
Graphene nanoribbon FETs: technology exploration and CAD

Graphene nanoribbon FETs (GNRFETs) have emerged as a promising candidate for nanoelectronics applications. This paper summarizes (i) current understanding and prospects for GNRFETs as ultimately scaled, ideal ballistic transistors, (ii) physics-based modeling of GNRFETs to support circuit design and CAD, and (iii) variability and defects in GNRs and their impact on GNRFET circuit performance and reliability.
Novel water soluble NIR dyes: does charge matter?

Near-Infrared (NIR) dyes are used as reporters, probes or markers in the biological and medical field. NIR dyes can be useful for investigating and characterizing biomolecular interactions or imaging which is possible because biological mammalian tissue has a low absorption window in the NIR region. Biomolecules such as proteins are known to bind to NIR dyes. Upon binding NIR dyes often exhibit spectral changes that can be used for characterizing the binding event. Serum albumins may be responsible for in vivo transport of NIR dyes. Studying this binding event can be useful when correlated to in vivo behavior of the NIR dye. The studies presented here use spectroscopic methods to investigate how NIR dyes that may be used in imaging, biological or bioanalytical applications bind to proteins, such as serum albumins. Our research group systematically synthesized several NIR dyes that have varying hydrophobicity, chromophore size and charge. During these investigations we developed novel NIR cyanine fluorophores having varying aqueous solubility and a variety of net charges. The binding properties of the carbocyanines change when charged or hydrophobic moieties are systematically varied. One of the properties we put a special emphasis on is what we call residual hydrophobicity of the NIR dye molecule which is defined as the unmasked (by the charged moieties) hydrophobicity of the molecule. Residual hydrophobicity may be responsible for binding the otherwise highly water soluble NIR dye to hydrophobic pockets of biomolecules. High residual hydrophobicity of a highly water soluble dye can be disadvantageous during biological, medical or similar applications.
Penetrating radiation impact on NIF final optic components

Goal of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is to achieve thermonuclear ignition in a laboratory environment in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). This will enable NIF to service the DOE stockpile stewardship management program, inertial fusion energy goals, and advance scientific frontiers. All of these applications will make use of the extreme conditions that the facility will create in the target chamber. In the case of a prospected 20 MJ yield scenario, NIF will produce 10{sup 19} neutrons with DT fusion 14 MeV energy per neutron. There will also be high-energy x rays as well as solid, liquid, and gaseous target debris produced either directly or indirectly by the inertial confinement fusion process. A critical design issue is the protection of the final optical components as well as sophisticated target diagnostics in such a harsh environment.
Spatial frequency phase effects in human vision

Abstract Color aftereffects (McCollough effects) were generated specific to each member of a pair of vertical gratings which had identical frequency spectra but which differed in the phase angles between their frequency components. The pairs of gratings were either left- and rightfacing sawooth gratings or gratings comprised of the sum of two harmonics—first and second, first and third, or first and fourth. Color aftereffects were readily obtained with sawtooth gratings (which had sharp edges) and with patterns comprised of first and second harmonics; the effects were very weak with the first and third harmonic patterns and almost absent with the first and fourth harmonic patterns. The results suggest that there are phase-sensitive broadband mechanisms within the visual system and that each “spatial frequency channel” cannot be simply represented by a single, symmetric line spread function.
POLYSACCHARIDE IN DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY I. PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE AS INDUCER AND ELICITOR OF DELAYED REACTIVITY IN GUINEA PIGS

A highly purified pneumococcal polysaccharide (Type II SSS) is a very efficient inducer of delayed hypersensitivity in random-bred guinea pigs. The cellular reactivity induced by this polysaccharide administered subcutaneously in complete Freund's adjuvant is of "tuberculin type"; it increases in intensity with time after the sensitizing injection, as judged by skin tests, the macrophage inhibition reaction and transfer of reactivity by peritoneal exudate cells. By contrast, the cellular reactivity induced by this immunogen in the absence of mycobacterial adjuvant has the characteristics of "Jones-Mote" reactivity. It is best seen at about 1 wk after sensitization; the reactions are characteristically little indurated and show histologic differences from tuberculin type responses; and the reactive state begins to disappear by 2–3 wk, with the accession of Arthus reactivity. This type of delayed reactivity may be related to an early phase of antibody synthesis.
Tobramycin in Bronchial Secretions

Abstract The penetration of tobramycin sulfate (nebramycin factor 6) into normal lower respiratory tract secretions was studied in a dog model. After a 1.7 mg/kg intravenous dose of tobramycin, the antibiotic was detected promptly in bronchial secretions, but the peak bronchial secretion concentration was not usually reached until 2 h after injection (mean level 1.15 μg/ml). The maximum tobramycin concentration in bronchial fluids was equal to the mean inhibitory concentrations that have been reported for about 80% of Pseudomonas isolates.
X-Ray Dispersion in Copper Crystals

The diffuse scattering of $\mathrm{Cu} K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ radiation ($\ensuremath{\lambda}=1.54\mathrm{A}$) from single crystals of copper (${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{k}=1.38\mathrm{A}$) has been measured for various scattering angles from $\ensuremath{\varphi}={40}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ to 120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Atomic structure factors, calculated from these measurements by combining them with the average temperature-modified structure factor values obtained by other workers using the powdered crystal reflection method, have been compared with Hartree theoretical atomic structure factor values for $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ to obtain the decrement caused by dispersion. The average decrement was found to be $\ensuremath{\Delta}f=1.75$ as compared with the H\"onl value of 2.8 for this ratio of incident to critical absorption wave-length, $\frac{\ensuremath{\lambda}}{{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{k}}=1.12$. NO evidence for a dip in the atomic structure factor curve such as found with zinc was noted. Since copper is a cubic crystal the atomic electron clouds are presumably spherically symmetrical and hence no dip in the $S$ or $f$ curves should be expected.
Veteran Status and Body Weight: A Longitudinal Fixed-Effects Approach

About 10–12 % of young men (and increasingly, women) have served a term in the military. Yet, we know relatively little about the consequences of military service for the lives of those who serve. In this article, we provide estimates of the relationship between men’s peacetime military service during the all-volunteer era (AVE) and body weight using longitudinal data on 6,304 men taken from the National Longitudinal Survey of 1979 (NLSY-79). Using fixed-effects estimators on up to 13 years of data and numerous controls for time-varying life-course characteristics linked to body weight, we find that veterans of active-duty military service have higher levels of BMI and obesity. We argue that eating habits learned during service, coupled with patterns of physical activity, lead to a situation whereby veterans making the transition to less active civilian lifestyles gain weight that is not lost over time.
Role of Surgeons in Clinical Trials for Thyroid Cancer

Properly performed clinical trials provide a foundation for evidence-based medical practice. The surgeon plays a central role in the management of patients with malignant solid tumors, including thyroid cancer, because operative extirpation of the malignancy is the essential first step in effective therapy. This article discusses the role of the surgeon in the clinical research of thyroid cancer and also reviews the important clinical trials that have influenced the treatment of patients with thyroid cancer. Recent discoveries defining the genetic mutations underlying the various types of thyroid cancers have led to the development of targeted therapies. These chemical compounds, which are now being evaluated in clinical trials, hold great promise for the treatment of patients with locally advanced and distant metastatic disease. The surgical investigator also plays an important role in procuring tumor tissue from patients in clinical trials. The molecular analysis of these tissues is of critical importance in selecting specific therapies and predicting patient response and prognosis.
The age distribution from continuous biochemical reactors with cell reproduction by mitosis

Abstract In this study we examine the operation of a continuous biochemical reactor in which cell reproduction is by mitosis. The uniqueness of steady-state operating points and the stability of these points are investigated. The system operated with a biomass-clear feed, a biomass-laden feed, and sinusoidally varying feed and effluent flow rates is analyzed. These modes of operation are suggested by commercial operation of sewage treatment facilities, as well as other continuous biochemical systems. Of these different ways of operating the reactor a biomass-laden feed and steady flow rates are required for a unique steady state operating point to exist. In all cases the system stability is governed by the nature of the specific death function describing the age-dependent probability of mitosis occurring.
Effect of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors on Blood Pressure

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors (CSIs) on blood pressure.DATA SOURCES:Clinical literature accessed through MEDLINE (1966–May 2002). Key search terms included COX-2 selective inhibitors; anti-inflammatory agents, nonsteroidal; celecoxib; rofecoxib; and hypertension.DATA SYNTHESIS:Data from prospective studies on the effects of CSIs on blood pressure are conflicting. Several studies have reported increased blood pressure as an adverse effect of CSIs.CONCLUSIONS:Additional studies are needed to evaluate the effects of CSIs on blood pressure. CSIs should be used with caution in hypertensive patients and blood pressure monitored closely if a CSI is indicated.
DIII-D data management

Abstract The DIII-D tokamak at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility routinely acquires ∼500MB of raw data per pulse of the experiment through a centralized data management system. It is expected that in FY01 (October 2001 to September 2002), nearly 1TB of data will be acquired. In addition there are several diagnostics, which are not part of the centralized system, which acquire hundreds of MB of raw data per pulse. There is also a growing suite of codes running between pulses that produce analyzed data, which add ∼10MB per pulse with total disk usage of about 100GB. A relational database system has been introduced which further adds to the overall data load. In recent years there has been an order of magnitude increase in magnetic disk space devoted to raw data and a hierarchical storage management system was implemented to allow 24 h/day, 7 days/week unattended access to raw data. The management of all of the data is a significant and growing challenge as the quantities of both raw and analyzed data are expected to continue to increase in the future. This paper will examine the experiences of the approaches that have been taken in management of the data and plans for the continued growth of the data quantity.
Hypoglycemic Episodes and Risk of Dementia in Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Context Although acute hypoglycemia may be associated with cognitive impairment in children with type 1 diabetes, no studies to date have evaluated whether hypoglycemia is a risk factor for dementia in older patients with type 2 diabetes.
Nuclear Potential Barriers: Experiment and Theory

The heights of nuclear potential barriers are derived from experimental data, corrected for nuclear motion and penetration through the barrier. Barriers differ markedly for different incident particles. It is shown that the heights of barriers to alpha-particles increase with atomic number and that the nuclear radius at the top is proportional to the cube root of the atomic weight. Values for corresponding barrier radii of the neutron and the radioactive elements agree with those given by Dunning and by Gamow. It is suggested that the attraction operative in alpha-particle collisions is only a second order force and that the anomalies in proton barriers are due to a first order force effective much further outside their tops. A method for obtaining information about this force is suggested. The energies of resonance levels are tabulated and an approximate linear increase with atomic number is discussed.
Acute renal failure after streptokinase therapy in a patient with acute myocardial infarction

Cholesterol embolization syndrome (CES) usually occurs after the performance of invasive vascular procedures. With the frequent use of thrombolytic agents, an increasing number of reported cases of renal CES attributed to the use of such agents has appeared. In most of these reports, the diagnosis was made on the basis of either clinical presentations or skin biopsy. We report a patient who developed acute renal failure as a result of histologically proven renal CES occurring after the use of streptokinase for the treatment of an acute myocardial infarction. The acute renal failure later became chronic; consequently, the patient was placed on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Although the prognosis of renal CES has been described to be poor, our patient regained enough of his renal function 8 months after the onset of renal failure to make it possible to discontinue the dialytic therapy.
Protein synthesis and accumulation in Drosophila melanogaster imaginal discs: identification of a protein with a nonrandom spatial distribution.

Abstract Proteins from Drosophila imaginal discs and disc fragments were analyzed on two-dimensional electrophoretic gels following labeling in vitro with [ 35 S]methionine. The protein synthetic pattern in autoradiograms is very complex and parallels the pattern of protein accumulation visualized in silver-stained gels. We find no reproducible qualitative differences in the proteins synthesized or accumulated by different disc types. Additionally, analysis of the proteins synthesized by different fragments of wing and haltere discs has resulted in the identification of a polypeptide which is synthesized preferentially in homologous regions of these two imaginal discs. Scanning densitometry of our autoradiograms corroborates these findings. This protein, therefore, has some of the properties one would predict for a molecule involved in the imaginal disc positional information system.
Growth factor signaling for cardioprotection against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.

The heart is subjected to oxidative stress during various clinical situations, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury and anthracycline chemotherapy. The loss of cardiac myocytes is the major problem ...
The Effects of Argument Quality and Involvement Type on Attitude Formation and Attitude Change: A Test of Dual-Process and Social Judgment Predictions

Involvement has long been theoretically specified as a crucial factor determining the persuasive impact of messages. In social judgment theory, ego-involvement makes people more resistant to persuasion, whereas in dual-process models, high-involvement people are susceptible to persuasion when argument quality is high. It is argued that these disparate predictions might be reconciled by either different involvement types (i.e., value relevant vs. outcome relevant) or different attitude modification processes (i.e., attitude change vs. attitude formation). An experiment (N = 684) varying topic, position advocated, outcome relevance, and argument quality tested these moderators. The data were consistent with existence of two different types of involvement, but none of the theoretical predictions were consistent with the data. Instead, a main effect for argument quality had the largest impact on attitude change. Regardless of value-relevant involvement, outcome-relevant involvement, and attitude modification process, participants were more persuaded by high- rather than low-quality arguments, with boomerang effects observed for low-quality arguments. These findings highlight the importance of sound message design in persuasion.
Cleavage of the tintin bond in hexamethylditin by LiMR4 (M = B, Al, Ga, Tl; R = H, CH3) and the formation of MSn bonded intermediates

Abstract Evidence is presented for the cleavage of the tintin bond in hexamethylditin in 1,2-dimethoxyethane solution by Group IIIA derivatives of the form LiMR 4 (M = B, Al, Ga, Tl; R = H, CH 3 ). In all cases where reaction occurs Me 3 SnR is produced. The formation of SnM bonded intermediates in these reactions is supported by the observation of 1 H NMR spectra showing both tin and thallium satellites compatible with the formation of Li[(Me 3 Sn) n TlMe 4- n ] derivatives in the reaction between Sn 2 Me 6 and LiTlMe 4 . The overall rate of reactivity of LiMR 4 with Sn 2 Me 6 decreased as follows: LiTlMe 4 > LiAlH 4 ⪢ LiGaMe 4 > LiAlMe 4 ⋙ LiBH 4 and LiBMe 4 . Neither LiBMe 4 or LiBH 4 reacted with Sn 2 Me 6 even after heating for two weeks at 80°.
Gas-phase catalytic growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes from carbon monoxide

Abstract Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been produced in a gas-phase catalytic process. Catalysts for SWNT growth form in situ by thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl in a heated flow of carbon monoxide at pressures of 1–10 atm and temperatures of 800–1200°C. The SWNT yield and diameter distribution can be varied by controlling the process parameters, and SWNTs as small as 0.7 nm in diameter, the same as that of a C60 molecule, have been generated. This process shows great promise for bulk production of carbon nanotubes.
On semantic weighting and decomposition techniques for XML schemas

Techniques for semantic weighting and decomposition of XML schemas are investigated in this work for their efficient management. Two approaches are proposed to calculate the weights of XML elements. The first one is based on the analysis of links and their attributes while the other one is based on the information propagated from all reachable nodes. We analyze the influence of different types of links on the weights of XML elements. The weights of XML elements are then used to decompose an XML schema and to choose representatives of decomposed clusters. These two methods provide consistent results. The decomposition of an XML schema can be conducted via two methods: the repetition-based decomposition and the weight-based decomposition. It is shown that the weight-based solution can achieve a multi-resolution decomposition result.
Rabbit testicular capsular contractions--prostaglandins, cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and epinephrine.

Abstract Log dose-response curves for the effect of prostaglandin E1, E2, F1α, and F2α on rabbit testicular capsules in vitro showed that F-type prostaglandins were stimulatory throughout the concentration range tested. On the other hand, E-type prostaglandins were stimulatory in low concentrations, but became less effective at higher concentrations, and exogenous cyclic AMP potentiated the testicular capsule's inhibitory response to PGE1. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP inhibited tonus, whereas theophylline and isoproterenol inhibited both tonus and contractility in vivo and in vitro. Epinephrine stimulated contractions equally in vivo and in vitro; however, pretreatment of the preparations with ergotamine tartrate eliminated the stimulatory response to epinephrine. Pretreatment with propranolol eliminated the inhibitory response to isoproterenol. Ergotamine tartrate inhibited spontaneous contractions in vivo, but propranolol had no effect on capsular motility in vivo or in vitro. These data suggest that inhibition of capsular motility by higher concentrations of prostaglandin E1 and E2 may be mediated by cyclic AMP and confirm the presence of α-and β-adrenergic receptors in rabbit testicular capsules. Moreover, the data affirm the importance of adrenergic stimulation in regulating spontaneous contractions of testicular preparations in vivo.
Self‐Grooming as a Tactic Used by Prairie Voles Microtus ochrogaster to Enhance Sexual Communication

Observations of numerous mammals suggest males self-groom more than females in response to the odours of opposite-sex conspecifics. Two experiments tested the hypothesis that self-grooming may be a tactic used by males to attract mates in prairie voles Microtus ochrogaster. In the first experiment, we measured the amounts of time voles self-groomed during exposure either to male-scented cotton bedding, female-scented cotton bedding, or clean cotton bedding. Results from this experiment support the hypothesis and also show that female prairie voles self-groom in response to odours of males. In addition, male prairie voles groom more in response to male odours than to female odours, suggesting that self-grooming also serves a role in male-male competition. In the second experiment, male and female voles spent more time investigating scent marks of opposite-sex conspecifics that recently self-groomed at a higher rate than those of opposite-sex conspecifics that self-groomed at a lower rate. Female, but not male prairie voles, spent more time investigating scent marks of opposite-sex conspecifics that self-groomed at a high rate than those of same-sex conspecifics that self-groomed at a high rate. For prairie voles, self-grooming may increase the detection of their scent marks by conspecifics. By self-grooming, prairie voles may be attempting to attract opposite-sex conspecifics, and males may also be attempting to deter encounters with male conspecifics.
Does Hypocarbia during the First 3 Days of Life Increase the Risk for the Development of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in the Very Low Birthweight, Conventionally-Ventilated Premature Infant? 1779

Background: Very low birthweight (VLBW) premature infants (BW< 1500 grams) are at high risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD). Two anecdotal reports have suggested that hypocarbia (and presumptive volutrauma) during the early neonatal course increases the risk for BPD. Over the past 15 years, we have enrolled a large number of VLBW infants into a series of federally-funded trials assessing the role of diverse factors in the development of adverse outcomes. The objective of this investigation was to assess the role of hypocarbia in the development of BPD in VLBW infants born during both the pre-surfactant and surfactant eras. Methods: Infants were enrolled during two periods of time: 1981-1989 (pre-surfactant use) and 1991-1995 (all received surfactant). Inclusion criteria: 1) GA ≤ 32 weeks; 2) BW < 1500 grams; 3) need for conventional mechanical ventilation; 4) enrollment at < 24 hours of age; and 5) survival to 36 weeks postconceptual age (PCA). Exclusion criteria: 1) single or multiple congenital anomalies; 2) no parental consent; 3) any use of other than conventional mechanical ventilation (eg. high frequency or liquid ventilation); or 4) nonviability due to the degree of immaturity. Comprehensive prenatal, birthrelated, and postnatal data were collected. All ventilator settings and arterial blood gas data were recorded. BPD was defined as the requirement for supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks PCA. We evaluated ventilator settings and arterial blood gas results during the first 72 hours of life and their relationship to the development of BPD. Results: Of 215 surviving VLBW infants enrolled during the pre-surfactant era, 95 (44%) developed BPD. The lowest PaCO2 recorded during the first 72 hours was significantly lower in the infants with BPD (median 26 vs. 29, respectively, P=0.04). Of 97 surviving VLBW neonates enrolled during the surfactant era, 33 (34%) developed BPD. During the latter era, there were no significant differences in the lowest PaCO2 recorded during the first 72 hours between infants with and without BPD (median 24 vs. 25, respectively). Conclusion: During the surfactant era, when early PaCO2 values were actually lower than the pre-surfactant era, we are unable to delineate a clearcut relationship between hypocarbia and the development of BPD.
SCALE-UP OF HOLLOW FIBER REACTOR SYSTEMS

Abstract Hollow fiber reactors have been developed for many biochemical and biomedical applications. In the study of these reactor systems, we have used single fiber reactors as a prototype for the larger hollow fiber cartridges. Experiments using single fibers have been conducted to obtain conversion data for reactor scale-up. We present a model for predicting conversions in bench-scale hollow fiber cartridges using these single fiber data. The model is compared to experimental conversion data and is shown to be a valuable design tool.
Self-Powered Interface External Circuit for Low-Frequency Acoustic Energy Harvester

We present a self-powered interface external circuit design for multiple piezoelectric oscillators used in our recently developed low-frequency acoustic energy harvester. A synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) interface circuit has exhibited a significant improvement in the energy harvesting efficiency of piezoelectric oscillator, compared with a standard circuit in AC/DC conversion. A self-powered SSHI interface circuit was developed to overcome the difficulties of typical SSHI, such as the requirements for external power and displacement sensor. The previous studies on self-powered SSHI only considered a single piezoelectric oscillator. The electrical response and operation of multiple piezoelectric oscillators in self-powered SSHI interface circuit has not been reported. In our previous study, multiple piezoelectric cantilever plates were installed in a quarter-wavelength tube resonator to harvest acoustic energy. The interface circuit for our acoustic energy harvester was not further discussed. In this study, a self-powered series-SSHI circuit (self-powered S-SSHI) for multiple cantilever piezoelectric plates has been studied by circuit simulation software Multisim. The simulation results indicate the total powers increase linearly with the piezoelectric plate numbers for both standard and self-powered S-SSHI circuits. The harvesting efficiency for multiple piezoelectric plates of self-powered S-SSHI is obviously higher than the standard circuit. The total maximum output power of 5 piezoelectric plates reaches 8.417 mW with the areal power density 0.421 mW/cm2. This is 335.2% better than the standard circuit (1.934 mW with the areal power density 0.0967 mW/cm2). Compared with the standard circuit, self-powered S-SSHI circuit significantly enhances the conversion efficiency by increasing the piezoelectric voltages and reducing the phase shifts between piezoelectric sources currents and voltages.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Reflectance and optical constants for Cer-Vit from 250 to 1050 Å*

The reflectance for a bowl-feed polished Cer-Vit sample was measured at nine wavelengths and five angles of incidence from 15 to 85 deg. Optical constants were derived by the reflectance-vs-angle-of-incidence method and compared to previously reported values for ultralow-expansion fused silica and several other glasses. Surface-roughness corrections of the reflectance data and optical constants are discussed.
A transient error tolerant self-timed asynchronous architecture

High runtime failure rate as a result of reliability detractors is one of the major challenges for scaled-CMOS as well as emerging nanotechnologies. This results in multiple faults during life time operation. In this paper we propose a self-timed asynchronous architecture which can tolerate multiple transient bit-flips. This architecture has self-timed property, making it robust against delay variations caused by increased process variations at nanoscale. The proposed architecture can achieve 100% tolerance of single transient faults as well as more than 93% tolerance of multiple faults for failure rate less than 10−2.
The orientational phase transition in solid buckminsterfullerene epoxide (C60O)

Abstract Crystalline C 60 O, the first fullerene epoxide, has been studied using calorimetry and high resolution powder X-ray diffraction. At room temperature, C 60 O is orientationally disordered with a face-centered cubic lattice, a = 14.185 A. Upon cooling an orientational ordering transition at 278 K leads to a low temperature simple cubic phase. At 19 K, this phase is qualitatively similar to the orientationally ordered Pa 3 phase of C 60 , with a =14.062 A, but with additional randomness due to a distribution of orientations of the oxygen bonds.