cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Holographic Space-time Models in $1 + 1$ Dimensions

We construct Holographic Space-time models that reproduce the dynamics of $1 + 1$ dimensional string theory. The necessity for a dilaton field in the $1 + 1$ effective Lagrangian for classical geometry, the appearance of fermions, and even the form of the universal potential in the canonical $1$ matrix model, follow from general HST considerations. We note that 't Hooft's ansatz for the leading contribution to the black hole S-matrix, accounts for the entire S-matrix in these models in the limit that the string scale coincides with the Planck scale, up to transformations between near horizon and asymptotic coordinates. These $1 + 1$ dimensional models are describable as decoupling limits of the near horizon geometry of higher dimensional extremal black holes or black branes, and this suggests that deformations of the simplest model are equally physical. After proposing a notion of "relevant deformations", we describe deformations, which contain excitations corresponding to linear dilaton black holes, some of which can be considered as UV completions of the CGHS model. We study the question of whether the AMPS paradox can be formulated in those models. It cannot, because the classical in-fall time to the singularity of linear dilaton black holes, is independent of the black hole mass. This result is reproduced by our HST models. We argue that it is related to the absence of quasi-normal modes of these black hole solutions, which is itself related to the fact that the horizon has zero area. This is compatible with the resolution of the AMPS paradox proposed in previous work with Fischler, according to which the compatibility conditions of HST identify the long non-singular sojourn of observers behind the horizon, with the dynamics of equilibration on the horizon as seen by a detector which has not yet fallen through the horizon.
The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonist Varenicline Increases the Ataxic and Sedative‐Hypnotic Effects of Acute Ethanol Administration in C57BL/6J Mice

Background: The costs associated with alcohol abuse are staggering, therefore much effort has been put into developing new pharmacologic strategies to decrease alcohol abuse. Recently, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist varenicline has been shown to decrease ethanol consumption in both humans and animal models. Methods: We examined the effects of varenicline on the ataxic and sedative-hypnotic effects of ethanol. First, varenicline was administered prior to placement in a locomotor activity chamber to determine whether varenicline influenced baseline locomotor activity. To determine the effect of nicotinic modulation on ethanol-induced motor incoordination, varenicline was administered 30 minutes prior to an acute ethanol injection and then mice were tested on the balance beam, dowel test, or fixed-speed rotarod. To examine ethanol’s sedative-hypnotic effects, varenicline was administered 30 minutes prior to 4 g/kg ethanol and the duration of loss of righting reflex (LORR) was measured. Results: Varenicline markedly reduced baseline locomotor activity in C57BL/6J mice. Varenicline increased ethanol-induced ataxia when measured on the balance beam and dowel test but had no effect when measured on the fixed-speed rotarod. Pretreatment with varenicline increased the duration of LORR. Conclusions: These data provide evidence that nAChRs may be involved in the ataxic and sedative effects of ethanol. It is possible that one mechanism that could contribute to the ability of varenicline to decrease ethanol consumption may be through increasing negative behavioral effects of alcohol.
Respiration in the African lungfish Protopterus aethiopicus. II. Control of breathing.

1. Factors controlling aerial and aquatic breathing have been studied in the intact, free-swimming African lungfish, Protopterus aethiopicus . Frequencies of aerial and branchial breathing were correlated with gas tensions in the lung and in blood from pulmonary and systemic arteries and veins. 2. Studies were made, on fish resting in aerated water, during exposure to air and during hypoxic and hypercarbic conditions in the environment. 3. Both branchial and pulmonary breathing were irregular during rest in aerated water. The rate of branchial breathing normally exceeded that of air breathing. An increased rate and vigour of branchial breathing commonly preceded an air breath. There was no indication that a new air breath was related to the values of arterial P o 2 and pH. 4. Air exposure elicited a marked and immediate increase in the rate of air breathing. Hypoxic water never evoked any compensatory breathing responses while breathing from a hypoxic gas mixture quickly increased the rate of air breathing. Bubbling 5% CO 2 in air into the aquarium caused a reduction in branchial breathing while the rate of air breathing increased. 5. Nicotine injected intravenously or in the water close to the gills elicited an increase in both aerial and branchial breathing. 6. Respiratory and circulatory events were correlated during undisturbed breathing and during artificial lung inflation. Increased cardiac output and a shift in regional blood flow to a higher pulmonary flow occurred with air breaths.
Variable Selection in Product Design

A key element in off-line quality control is to identify the best set of variables to use in designing a product that will meet customers' expectations. Given the multidimensional nature of quality...
Effect of selective and truncal vagotomy on insulin-stimulated bile secretion in dogs.

Dogs were prepared by cholecystectomy, ligation of the lesser pancreatic duct, and insertion of Thomas cannulas into the stomach and duodenum. Hepatic bile was collected by cannulating the common bile duct through the duodenal fistula. Insulin, 1 U per kg, increased bile flow and chloride concentration. Neither selective hepatic nor selective extrahepatic vagotomy reduced the stimulation of bile flow produced by insulin. Selective hepatic vagotomy reduced control chloride output, but had no significant effect on insulin choleresis. Selective extrahepatic vagotomy decreased bile bicarbonate concentration and output in both control and postinsulin periods. Truncal vagotomy reduced, but did not abolish, the increase in bile flow following insulin. Control bile bicarbonate concentration was reduced after truncal vagotomy, and truncal vagotomy prevented the increase in bicarbonate output after insulin. These results indicate that an extravagal mechanism is important to insulin-induced choleresis.
The Equation \({\rm{\dot x}}\left( {\rm{t}} \right) = - \alpha {\rm{x}}\left( {{\rm{t}} - 1} \right)\left[ {{\rm{l}} - {\rm{x}}^2 \left( {\rm{t}} \right)} \right]\)

Consider the equation $${\rm{\dot x}}\left( {\rm{t}} \right) = - \alpha {\rm{x}}\left( {{\rm{t}} - 1} \right)\left[ {{\rm{l}} + {\rm{x}}\left( {\rm{t}} \right)} \right]$$ (29.1) where α > 0. It is clear that x(ϕ)(t) > −l, t ≥ 0, if ϕ(0) > −l. Also, it is clear that there is no t0 > 0 such that x(ϕ)(t) = 0 for t ≥ t0 unless ϕ = 0. We say the zeros of x(ϕ) are bounded if x(t) has only a finite number of positive zeros.
The ‘Autobiography’ of Tippu Tip

This essay takes as its starting point an autobiography written in Kiswahili by the nineteenth-century Zanzibari slave trader Tippu Tip, and the genealogy of how it was initially read according to existing understandings of African geography and western genres. That manner of reading and interpretation has as its core the idea that Africa and Africans operate according to a historical logic fundamentally separate from that of the rest of the world. This mode of engagement often (unconsciously) persists in contemporary scholarship about the continent, and thereby reinscribes the colonial exception of Africa. Through rereading Tippu Tip's autobiography in accordance with its style and form – rather than its content alone – I offer a reading of not only the text, but also the dialectical relationship between coastal and interior African geography, which enables us to see how knowledge and ignorance were strategically deployed about the continent; and thereby offer a paradigm for postcolonial reading and scho...
A Case Study Evaluation of the Homecare Suite: A New Long-Term Care Option for Elders

Abstract Four families participated in a pilot test of the Homecare Suite-a private, fully accessible, modular apartment for elders that can be temporarily installed in the garage of a family caregiver's home. Each family took part in at least two in-depth interviews before and during their use of the Homecare Suite. Results showed that the users and caregivers were satisfied with the Homecare Suite and preferred it to alternatives for reasons including increased peace of mind, ease of providing care, accessibility, privacy, and cost. This study suggests that the Homecare Suite is deserving of further study as a long-term care option.
Retrovirus recombination depends on the length of sequence identity and is not error prone.

Abstract Retroviruses, as a result of the presence of two identical genomic RNA molecules in their virions, recombine at a high rate. When nonhomologous RNA is present in the dimer RNA molecules, nonhomologous recombination can occur, although the rate is very low, only 0.1% of the rate of essentially homologous recombination (J. Zhang and H. M. Temin, Science 259:234-238, 1993). We found, as is found in naturally occurring highly oncogenic retroviruses (J. Zhang and H. M. Temin, J. Virol. 67:1747-1751, 1993), that the crossovers usually occur at a short region of sequence identity. We modified the previously studied vectors to study the effect of different lengths of short regions of sequence identity in the midst of otherwise nonidentical sequences. We found that the efficiency of recombination depends on the length of this sequence identity. However, the highest rate in such molecules remained lower than for recombination between essentially homologous molecules, even when there was extensive sequence identity. Junction sequences of the recombinants indicated that retrovirus recombination is not an error-prone process as was reported for human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase by using a cell-free system (J. A. Peliska and S. J. Benkovic, Science 258:1112-1118, 1992).
Examining Extrinsic Factors that Influence Product Acceptance: A Review

Drivers of liking (DOL) studies are useful for product development to formulate acceptable products; however, DOL alone are insufficient for understanding why a product is purchased and repurchased, which is ultimately the indication of a successful product. Ultimately sensory attributes drive product success (that is, repeat and continued purchase). However, ignoring the importance of extrinsic factors may neglect the vital product attributes responsible for the initial purchase, which may in turn, affect repeat purchase. The perception of sensory attributes assessed by DOL is mitigated by external perceptions of quality. If the sensory attributes do not deliver based upon the quality cues, the product will not be acceptable. Four key extrinsic factors that affect DOL are the perceived satiety, brand and labeling, price, and the emotional impact to decision making. In order to more thoroughly understand what the DOL for a product is, these 4 product cues should be considered in conjunction with sensory attribute perception to gain a holistic understanding of product acceptance.
Estimating Selected Disease and Non-Battle Injury Echelon 1 and Echelon 2 Outpatient Visits of U.S. Soldiers and Marines in an Operational Setting from Corresponding Echelon 3 (Hospitalizations) Admissions in the Same Theater of Operation

Abstract : Non-hospitalized morbidity amongst deployed military forces can have adverse affects on military operations. This has been demonstrated throughout history from Napoleon's typhus outbreak in the retreat from Moscow, to Merrill's Marauders' dysentery outbreak in Burma, and to the US Forces - Somalia dengue and malaria outbreak. Military medical planners do not have references to estimate the amount of Disease and Non-Battle Injury (DNBI) walking wounded. These walking wounded troops are personnel who have some level of morbidity, making them have less than an optimum level of health. This decrement in their optimum level of health may impact on their individual and collective ability to accomplish their military mission. These troops are not hospital admissions; rather, they receive health care from an Echelon I or II healthcare facility, if at all. Currently, DNBI estimate systems focus on hospital logs and not battalion aid stations or medical company patient logs. As a result the vast majority of morbidity within military units is either overlooked or not estimated. Within the Theater of Operations, military hospitalization data by diagnosis category is normally available. If the corresponding outpatient morbidity in the force could be estimated from this data, the commander could better assess the health of the command and the mission readiness of the force. A tool for estimating these unreported DNBI cases is presented in this thesis. The data used in this analysis was gathered by the 227th Medical Detachment (Epidemiology) under the command of MAJ Jeff Gunzenhauser in Somalia from January to March 1993. This database contains both hospital admission data and outpatient visit data at Level I and Level II facilities for both the U.S. Marine Corps and the U.S. Army units in the Area of Operation.
Villous motility: Relationship to lymph flow and blood flow in the dog jejunum

Villous contraction frequency, lymph flow, blood flow, and arteriovenous oxygen difference were measured in dog jejunum. Venous pressure elevation and plasma dilution were used to increase capillary fluid filtration. Both perturbations produced concomitant increases in villous contraction frequency and lymph flow. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001) was obtained between villous contraction frequency and lymph flow. This finding, coupled with the observation that stimulation of net fluid absorption increases villous contraction frequency, suggests that villous motility is increased by a myogenic response elicited by increments in interstitial fluid pressure. In another series of experiments local arterial pressure was reduced in 20-mmHg steps from 120 to 20 mmHg. Although blood flow fell proportionately to arterial pressure, villous contraction frequency and oxygen uptake were maintained at a normal level when arterial pressure was between 120 and 60 mmHg. Villous motility and oxygen consumption fell progressively as arterial pressure was reduced below 60 mmHg. This observation indicates that ischemia does not alter villous contraction frequency unless blood flow is reduced below the level necessary to maintain normal tissue oxygenation.
Mirror Neurons and Social Cognition

Mirror neurons are widely regarded as an important key to social cognition. Despite such wide agreement, there is very little consensus on how or why they are important. The goal of this article is to explicate clearly the exact role mirror neurons play in social cognition. I aim to answer two questions about the relationship between mirroring and social cognition: What kind of social understanding is involved with mirroring? How is mirroring related to that understanding? I argue that philosophical and empirical considerations lead us to accord a fairly minimal role for mirror neurons in social cognition.
Inhomogeneous whistler turbulence in space plasmas

A non-linear two-dimensional fluid model of whistler turbulence is developed that non-linearly couples wave magnetic field with electron density perturbations. This coupling leads essentially to finite compressibility effects in whistler turbulence model. Interestingly it is found from our simulations that despite strong compressibility effects, the density fluctuations couple only weakly to the wave magnetic field fluctuations. In a characteristic regime where large-scale whistlers are predominant, the weakly coupled density fluctuations do not modify inertial range energy cascade processes. Consequently, the turbulent energy is dominated by the large-scale (compared to electron inertial length) eddies and it follows a Kolmogorov-like k ―7/3 spectrum, where k is a characteristic wavenumber. The weak coupling of the density fluctuations is explained on the basis of a whistler wave parameter that quantifies the contribution of density perturbations in the wave magnetic field.
Policy Watch: The 1996 Welfare Reform

Welfare reform legislation was passed in the summer of 1996. Four key research questions that the new law presents to social scientists are as follows: (1) Can states design and operate better programs than AFDC? This includes questions about the ability of AFDC women to work a significant number of hours; the legislation's effect in areas of concentrated urban poverty; and the extent to which women will be able to improve their families' economic status under the legislation. (2) Will jobs be available? (3) How will the new block grant affect states' fiscal situation? and (4) What new research methodology questions does this legislation introduce?
Mass and stiffness estimation using mobile devices for structural health monitoring

In the structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructure, dynamic methods using mass, damping, and stiffness for characterizing structural health have been a traditional and widely used approach. Changes in these system parameters over time indicate the progress of structural degradation or deterioration. In these methods, capability of predicting system parameters is essential to their success. In this paper, research work on the development of a dynamic SHM method based on perturbation analysis is reported. The concept is to use externally applied mass to perturb an unknown system and measure the natural frequency of the system. Derived theoretical expressions for mass and stiffness prediction are experimentally verified by a building model. Dynamic responses of the building model perturbed by various masses in free vibration were experimentally measured by a mobile device (cell phone) to extract the natural frequency of the building model. Single-degreeof- freedom (SDOF) modeling approach was adopted for the sake of using a cell phone. From the experimental result, it is shown that the percentage error of predicted mass increases when the mass ratio increases, while the percentage error of predicted stiffness decreases when the mass ratio increases. This work also demonstrated the potential use of mobile devices in the health monitoring of civil infrastructure.
Adsorption of perrhenate on modified aluminas

Abstract Series of rhenium catalysts were prepared by equilibrium adsorption on unmodified alumina and alumina containing F and Mg additives. The uptake of perrhenate on alumina was dependent on the pH and the concentration of nitrate in the impregnation solution. Uptake of perrhenate at pH 6.5 on F modified alumina decreased with increasing F loading; for Mg-modified aluminas, perrhenate uptake at pH 9.3 increased with increasing Mg content. A correlation was observed between perrhenate uptake and the isoelectric point (IEP) of the modified supports. These data are interpreted on the basis of electrostatic attractions which occur between perrhenate ions in solution and alumina surfaces. Competition between nitrate and perrhenate for adsorption sites satisfactorily accounts for the effect of nitrate on perrhenate adsorption.
A new path integration procedure based on Gauss-Legendre scheme

A new path integration scheme based on the Gauss-Legendre quadrature integration rule is proposed for calculating the probability density of the response of a dynamical system under Gaussian white-noise excitation. The new scheme is capable of producing accurate results of probability density as it evolves with time, including the tail region where the probability level is very low. This low probability region is important for the system reliability estimation.
Current and Historically Used Pesticides in Residential Soil from 11 Homes in Atlanta, Georgia, USA

We used a multiresidue, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-based method to measure seven pyrethroid, five organophosphorus (OP), and six organochlorine pesticides in soil collected from 11 Atlanta homes in 2006. Our objective was to collect preliminary data for a larger study of pesticide exposures among Atlanta children. The pyrethroid insecticides (cis- and trans-permethrin, bioallethrin) were the most commonly detected analytes, giving evidence of widespread outdoor use among our study homes. Our pyrethroid insecticide detection frequencies were higher than those reported in a recent study of Ohio and North Carolina homes; however, our maximum values were approximately half of those reported. We detected the target OP pesticides in only a few samples, but we found two restricted-use OP pesticides—methyl parathion and terbufos—and thus possible evidence of illegal residential use or environmental persistence in soil. We also detected dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDE) in samples from six homes. Although our small sample size limits comparison to other studies, our results provide evidence that residential soil is a potential source of human exposure to both current and historically used pesticides.
Ultrafast Raman echo experiments in liquids

The Raman echo is the first of the eight-wave mixing spectroscopic techniques to be experimentally demonstrated in molecular systems. Practical results achievable in such high-order experiments are described. Signal levels, competing non-linear effects, phase-matching requirements and other experimental design considerations are discussed. Results needed to predict the success of experiments at different power levels, Raman cross-sections and concentrations are presented.
Propranolol for infantile hemangiomas: early experience at a tertiary vascular anomalies center.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Propranolol has recently been introduced as a novel pharmacologic treatment for infantile hemangiomas. Systematic examination of this treatment in a tertiary care setting has not been described. This study explores the impact of propranolol on both proliferative and involuting hemangiomas at a tertiary vascular anomalies center. Study Design: Retrospective single institution review. Materials and Methods: We reviewed children treated with propranolol for problematic hemangiomas followed by a blinded prospective analysis of serial photographs taken during the course of their therapy. Parental questionnaires were obtained to evaluate perceived therapeutic response and complications to oral propranolol. Results: Thirty-two children with complete photo documentation were treated with oral propranolol for infantile hemangiomas between September 2008 and June 2009. Twenty-seven patients began therapy during the proliferative phase of their lesions (mean age, 4.9 months), whereas five patients began during the involutional phase (mean age, 19.4 months). Ninety-seven percent of patients displayed improvement in the quality of their hemangiomas during propranolol therapy. Patients were determined to be excellent responders (n = 16, 50%), partial responders (n = 15, 47%), or nonresponders (n = 1, 3%). Partial and nonresponders received adjuvant therapy (75%, laser therapy; 31%, steroid injections). Ten patients experienced minor but reportable side effects to propranolol, including somnolence (27.2%), gastroesophageal reflux (9.1%), respiratory syncytial virus exacerbation (4.5%), and rash (4.5%). Conclusions: Propranolol may revolutionize the treatment of problematic hemangiomas that cause imminent functional or cosmetic sequelae. At therapeutic doses, propranolol is safe and effective in the majority of patients. Adjunctive therapies may still be required. Minor side effects, expected from beta-blocker therapy, are common but easily managed. Laryngoscope, 2010
Imagining the Balkans

Imagining the Balkans. Maria Todorova. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. xi +257 pp., notes, bibliography, index.
An Empirical Examination of Traditional Neighborhood Development

This study analyzes the impact of the new urbanism on single-family home prices. Specifically, we explore the price differential that homebuyers pay for houses in new urbanist developments relative to houses in conventional suburban developments. Using data on over 5,000 single-family home sales from 1994 to 1997 in three different neighborhoods, hedonic regression results reveal that consumers pay more for homes in new urbanist communities than those in conventional suburban developments. Further analyses indicate that the price premium is not attributable to differences in improvement age and other housing characteristics.
Growth Failure as a Prognostic Indicator of Mortality in Pediatric HIV Infection

Objective. To study the effect of perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on somatic growth and examine the relationship of nutritional status to mortality in HIV-infected infants. Method. Pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Mulago hospital in Kampala, Uganda, were enrolled. All live-born babies born to HIV-1 seropositive (HIV+) women, and to every fourth age-matched HIV-1 seronegative (HIV−) woman, were followed for 25 months. Results. The mean weight-for-age and length-for-age curves of HIV+ children were significantly lower than those of HIV− controls and seroeverters. Forty-five (54%) of the 84 HIV+ infants died before their second birthday, as compared with a 1.6% and 5.6% mortality in HIV− and seroeverters. HIV+ infants with an average weight-for-age Z-score below −1.5 in the first year of life have a nearly fivefold risk of dying before 25 months of age compared with noninfected controls. Conclusion. Perinatally acquired HIV infection is associated with early and progressive growth failure. The severity of growth failure is associated with an increased risk of mortality. The effect of early, aggressive nutritional intervention in delaying HIV progression and mortality should be evaluated by controlled intervention studies.
Human population grows up.

Focuses on world population and transitions in human history. Analysis of population growth; How couples have limited the number of children they have; Problems with population; Question of sustainability for future populations; Speculation on how many people the earth can carry safely. INSETS: CROSSROADS FOR POPULATION;THE MIGRATION WILD CARD.
Ophthalmoplegia with bilateral ptosis secondary to midbrain hemorrhage. A case with clinical and radiologic correlation

A 65-year-old white female presented with the sudden onset of headaches, bilateral ptosis, and complete ophthalmoplegia. Other than a mild decrease in mental status, she was neurologically intact. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) examinations showed a midline hemorrhage extending from the caudal diencephalon to the pontomesencephalic junction affecting the oculomotor complex, the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), and the rostral parapontine reticular formation (PPRF). Ischemic changes were also noted in the midline pontine tegmentum possibly affecting root fibers from the abducens nuclei. Angiography was negative for a vascular anomaly. The radiologic findings are correlated with current models of oculomotor organization to provide an explanation for this patient's unique clinical presentation.
Mechanisms and consequences of the loss of PHLPP1 phosphatase in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

The PHLPP (pleckstrin homology domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase) family of novel Ser/Thr phosphatases serve as important regulators of cell survival and apoptosis.1, 2 These proposed tumor-suppressors lead to inactivation of Akt, degradation of PKC and negatively regulate ERK1/2 activation.2, 3, 4 Furthermore, reductions in PHLPP1 and/or PHLPP2 expression have been detected in several cancers and linked to cancer progression.4, 5, 6, 7
Accounting for a variety of reasoning data within a cognitive architecture

A variety of forms of human everyday reasoning are studied in this paper. In particular, the interplay between rule-based reasoning, (implicit) similarity-based reasoning, and (implicit) associative memory (intuition) is explored. In doing this, both explicit and implicit forms of human reasoning are incorporated in a unified framework, which is embodied in a cognitive architecture, CLARION. First, similarity in human everyday reasoning is explored. A computational framework encompassing both rule-based and similarity-based reasoning provides explanations for human data. The simulation using CLARION demonstrates the role played by similarity-based reasoning in human everyday reasoning, and how such a reasoning process follows from the structure of CLARION. Furthermore, the modelling of discovery tasks, i.e. tasks where sudden insights result from cumulative information, is explored. This is useful for improving the understanding of reasoning involving intuition and insight. The situation is interpreted as...
Mechanical self-assembly fabrication of gears

Self-assembled buckling of thin film/substrate systems has attracted increasing attention for fabricating ordered micro- and nanostructures. However, most studies have been limited to a planar substrate. We employ the spontaneous buckling patterns on curved substrates to fabricate several types of quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) and three-dimensional (3D) gear-like microcomponents. The substrate curvature can be positive or negative, and the proposed technique does not require extra external guidance or a prepatterned template. The gear features, including the number and amplitude of the teeth, can be manipulated by controlling the geometry and material properties of the film/substrate system. A theoretical model is established to predict the buckled profiles, which is validated by numerical simulation and experiment. A variety of gear morphologies, including 3D bevel and helical gears (which are difficult to fabricate using the conventional photolithography/etching technique), are obtained to further demonstrate the potential of the mechanical self-assembly approach.
Cancer Antigen 125 in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease

• Objectives : To determine the association between elevated levels of serum cancer antigen (CA) 125 and liver disease and to explore the possibility that CA 125 is produced by the peritoneum as a nonspecific response to the presence of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Patients and Methods Between June and October 1992, CA 125 levels were measured in serum stored from 50 consecutive patients with cirrhotic ascites, 20 patients with cirrhosis but without ascites, and 12 patients with acute viral hepatitis without ascites. Serum CA 125 was also measured in 4 patients with chronic renal failure before and after initiation of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Results Levels of CA 125 were elevated in patients with all forms of liver disease, especially in those with cirrhotic ascites irrespective of the etiology of cirrhosis or the presence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Levels of CA 125 did not change significantly 1 month after initiation of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Conclusion Cancer antigen 125 is elevated in patients with acute and chronic liver disease, especially in those with cirrhotic ascites. This elevation in CA 125 is not because of a nonspecific response of the peritoneum to fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Awareness of the association of elevated CA 125 in patients with cirrhotic ascites can prevent unnecessary surgical intervention.
Global Memory Net offers the world instantly: Potentials for universal access to invaluable Japanese contents

In technological terms, it has been a long time since my PROJECT EMPEROR-I -a multimedia interactive videodisc project on the First Emperor of China’s famous terracotta warriors and horses in 1984. At that time, PROJECT EMPEROR-I demonstrated that multimedia technology could change the way we seek, demand, and use information. Two decade later, fueled by enormous progress in science and technology, we have come a very long way from the use of interactive multimedia technology in the workstation environment to the global networked environment. We have moved from the use of hardcopy and analog resources to digital content, which users can search, retrieve and use instantly to meet their needs over the global network with no national boundaries. We have also moved from the offering of multimedia content of one specific subject topic to the digital content of all media formats on all related subject topics to the world instantly. We are truly living in a new period of unprecedented opportunities and challenges [1]! So, in this digital era, we have witnessed the exciting convergence of content, technology, and global collaboration in the development of digital libraries [2] with great potential for providing universal information access.
Mobility and wage growth of male household heads

(1989). Mobility and wage growth of male household heads. Applied Economics: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 475-485.
Application of geographically weighted regression to fill gaps in SLC-off Landsat ETM+ satellite imagery

Landsat 7 enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+) satellite imagery is an important data source for many applications. However, the scan line corrector (SLC) failed on 31 May 2003. As a result of the SLC failure, about 22% of the image data is missing in each scene; this is especially pronounced away from nadir. In this article, a local regression method called geographically weighted regression (GWR) is introduced for filling the gaps of the Landsat ETM+ imagery, and it is compared with kriging/cokriging for this purpose. The case studies show that the GWR approach is an effective technique to fill gaps in Landsat ETM+ imagery, although the image restoration is still not perfect. GWR performed marginally better than the complex cokriging method, which too has proven to be an effective method, but is computationally intensive. Although there are visible seam lines at the edges of the filled wide gaps in some bands, the validation results – including RMSE values, error distribution maps, and classification re...
Sulfhydryl sensitivity and [125I]-16α-iodo-17β-estradiol binding of estrogen receptor in ovarian epithelial carcinomas

Abstract We find that estrophilin from either the cytosolic or nuclear fractions of ovarian epithelial carcinomas (OVCA) binds irreversibly to controlled-pore glass beads (CPG). The CPG-adsorbed estrophilin releases [3H]-estradiol at 4°C in the presence of 1.25 mM AgNO3; estradiol binding capacity from the nuclear fraction is restored by 10 mM dithiothreitol. The number of available estradiol binding sites in cytosol that are sensitive to AgNO3 correlate with (a) the number of estradiol-inhibitable binding sites found in the 8S region in low-salt sucrose gradients (r = 0.9) but not with (b) estradiol-inhibitable binding in the 4S region (r = 0.3) and thus, as expected, only poorly with (c) estimates of available cytoplasmic estrogen binding sites using a standard dextran-coated charcoal analysis (r = 0.7). Total estrogen binding extracted from the nuclear fraction with 0.5 M KCl and adsorbed to hydroxylapatite agreed with the sulfhydryl blocking reagent sensitive moiety (r = 0.9). Estrophilin from OVCA cytosol or nuclear fractions bound [125I]-16α-iodo-estradiol indistinguishably from [3H]-estradiol. The two forms of radiolabelled-estradiol yielded equivalent data that demonstrated a shift in the estrogen binding moiety from the 8S region to the 4–5S region when 0.5 M KCl was added to gradient analyses of OVCA cytosols. From these observations we conclude that the estrophilin found in OVCA is similar to that found in normal and cancerous tissues of other female reproductive organs and that this estrophilin can bind a biologically active radiohalogenated estrogen potentially useful for imaging or treating these tumors.
Maturational and hemodynamic factors predictive of increased cyanosis after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis.

Bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis (BCA) is thought to be beneficial in the palliation of patients with univentricular congenital heart disease considered at high risk for Fontan repair. Experience with patients undergoing BCA suggested that those who were older or larger at the time of surgery tended to be more cyanotic postoperatively than their younger and smaller counterparts. This study was designed to identify correlates of systemic arterial oxygen saturation after BCA. Specifically, it was postulated that maturational changes in blood flow distribution might be associated with decreasing arterial oxygen saturation. Database records of all 110 patients undergoing BCA at our institution from June 1988 until the end of 1991 were reviewed. Postoperative catheterization data were available for 66 patients. Twenty-one patients were excluded because they had potentially reversible causes of cyanosis yielding inestimable degrees of error in hemodynamic calculations. In the remaining 45 patients, univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify correlates of systemic arterial oxygen saturation. Growth and maturation as represented by body surface area exhibited a highly significant inverse correlation with arterial oxygen saturation (p = 0.005), as did pulmonary vascular resistance (p = 0.003). Patients who underwent BCA when > 3.9 years of age or with body surface area > 0.65 m2 were at significantly increased risk for excessive postoperative cyanosis, defined as systemic arterial oxygen saturation < 75% (p < 0.005). The interval between surgery and catheterization correlated directly with arterial oxygen saturation (p = 0.002), indicating a tendency toward earlier study of more cyanotic patients. None of the other variables examined correlated significantly with arterial oxygen saturation. Patient age and body surface area were associated with postoperative desaturation independently of other known causes of cyanosis. Our findings suggest that BCA is optimally performed as interim palliation in young patients who may be expected to become suitable candidates for Fontan repair.
The inncrease in β-glucuronidase of the tadpole tail during anuran metamorphosis and its relation to lsysosomes

Abstract The activity of soluble and particle-bound β-glucuronidase (β- D -glucuronide glucuronohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.31 increased over 30-fold in the regressing tadpole tail during spontaneous metamorphosis. The total activity of β-glucuronidase per tail also appears to go up 3 times during tail resorption. The increase in soluble enzyme activity occurs simultaneously in the fin, skin and muscle at the beginning of tail resorption. During induced metamorphosis, the soluble β-glycuronidase activity increases to only one-third of that during sponntaneous metamophosis and the protein concentration doubles. From the present data its has not been possible to use the distribution of and the changes in β-glucuronidase activity as evidence for the existence of lysosomes in the tadpole tail.
Impulse response characterization of breast tomosynthesis reconstruction with parallel imaging configurations

Early detection, diagnosis, and suitable treatment are known to significantly improve the chance of survival for breast cancer (BC) patients. To date, the most cost effective method for screening and early detection is mammography, which is also the tool that has demonstrated its ability to reduce BC mortality. Tomosynthesis is an emerging technology that offers an alternative to conventional two-dimensional mammography. Tomosynthesis produces three-dimensional (volumetric) images of the breast that may be superior to planar imaging due to improved visualization. In this paper we examined the effect of varying the number of projections (N) and total view angle (VA) on the shift-and-add (SAA), back projection (BP) and filtered back projection (FBP) image reconstruction response characterized by impulse response (IR) simulations. IR data were generated by simulating the projection images of a very thin wire, using various combinations of VA and N. Results suggested that BP and FBP performed better for in-plane performance than that of SAA. With bigger number of projection images, the investigated reconstruction algorithms performed the best by obtaining sharper in-focus IR with simulated parallel imaging configurations.
The enzymatic formation of the vasopressor polypeptide substance a by a crystalline enzyme of Bacillus subtilus

Abstract Previous reports have shown that substance A, a vasopressor polypeptide, could be produced by incubating crude α-amylase with fraction IV-4 of human plasma protein. Since the crude a-amylase was obtained primarily from Bacillus subtilis , we have tested other enzymes secreted by this organism and have found that a crystalline protease, BPN' (Bacillus protease, strain N') and commercially available as ‘Nagarse’ was very effective in the formation of substance A. The active material so produced stimulates guinea pig ileum and rat uterus and also produces a pressor response on dog, rat, and cat blood pressure. The active material is destroyed by trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin and Nagarse. Carboxymethyl cellulose column chromatography could not separate the active material from a standard preparation of substance A or Val 5 -angiotensin-II but could separate it from Val 5 -angiotensin-I. Chemical and pharmacological comparisons allowed the conclusion that the active material was similar to, if not identical with, a standard preparation of substance A.
Evaluation of Route Guidance Strategies Based on Vehicle-Infrastructure Integration Under Incident Conditions

As an individual driver, having a route guidance system that provides the shortest path based on distance or an alternative path during an incident condition can be extremely useful. Even though it is more desirable to use travel times in providing route guidance, they are not readily available for every roadway segment. With the Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) initiative, it is anticipated in the near future that individual vehicles equipped with VII could collect travel times and transfer such information to other vehicles and the transportation management system. Thus, travel-time information for real-time route guidance could be available through the VII. System-level potentials of the VII were explored by evaluating various route guidance strategies within the VII environment. A simulation framework was developed representing the VII-enabled virtual world, and route guidance strategies were evaluated with various factors, including market penetration of VII-equipped vehicles, congestion leve...
Recent developments in the study of insect flight1

Here we review recent contributions to the study of insect flight, in particular those brought about by advances in experimental techniques. We focus particularly on the following areas: wing flexi...
A longitudinal study of preschool children's (homo sapiens) sex segregation.

In this 2-year longitudinal study, we hypothesized that sex of the human child (Homo sapiens), differences in physical activity, and time of the year would interact to influence preschool children's sex segregation. We also hypothesized that activity would differentially relate to peer rejection for boys and girls. Consistent with the first hypothesis, high-activity girls started off as the most integrated group but became more segregated with time, whereas high-activity boys remained the most segregated group across the duration of the study. The second hypothesis was also supported: For girls only, activity was significantly related to peer rejection during Year 1 only, the time when high-activity girls also interacted frequently with boys. Results are discussed in terms of sexual selection theory and gender boundary violations.
Hemostatic Therapy Should Be Used for Acute Treatment of Anticoagulation-Related Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Not only does warfarin increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but it leads to more severe hemorrhages and worse outcome. This poor prognosis is primarily a function of ongoing bleeding from the warfarin-induced hemostatic defects. Use of warfarin is a strong and independent determinant of hematoma expansion1—a major risk factor for poor outcome in spontaneous ICH2—and prolongs the window during which expansion occurs.1 Warfarin-associated ICH therefore represents a true emergency requiring rapid and sustained reversal of anticoagulation to normal or near-normal values, a position endorsed by consensus guidelines from multiple organizations. This strategy makes intuitive sense; earlier international normalized ratio (INR) correction is associated with improved outcome in warfarin users with spontaneous3 and traumatic4 ICH. If warfarin reversal is the goal how should it be accomplished? Vitamin K, even if given intravenously, is incapable of rapidly reversing warfarin-induced coagulopathy during the peak time for hematoma growth. Still, it should be administered to achieve sustained warfarin reversal because the other agents used have relatively short half-lives. Despite a common misperception, allergic and anaphylactic reactions to intravenous vitamin K are quite rare (approximately 3 per 10 000 doses).5 There …
The effect of three cord-care regimens on bacterialcolonization of normal newborn infants†

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