cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Active Transfer Learning under Model Shift

Transfer learning algorithms are used when one has sufficient training data for one supervised learning task (the source task) but only very limited training data for a second task (the target task) that is similar but not identical to the first. These algorithms use varying assumptions about the similarity between the tasks to carry information from the source to the target task. Common assumptions are that only certain specific marginal or conditional distributions have changed while all else remains the same. Alternatively, if one has only the target task, but also has the ability to choose a limited amount of additional training data to collect, then active learning algorithms are used to make choices which will most improve performance on the target task. These algorithms may be combined into active transfer learning, but previous efforts have had to apply the two methods in sequence or use restrictive transfer assumptions. We propose two transfer learning algorithms that allow changes in all marginal and conditional distributions but assume the changes are smooth in order to achieve transfer between the tasks. We then propose an active learning algorithm for the second method that yields a combined active transfer learning algorithm. We demonstrate the algorithms on synthetic functions and a real-world task on estimating the yield of vineyards from images of the grapes.
Picosecond Laser-Induced Surface Transformations in Solids

We report the results of a study of surface transformations in semiconductors (Si, GaAs) and metals (Cu) produced by 100 ps long pulses from a Nd:YAG laser system. We present and outline the conclusions of our model for growth of spontaneous periodic surface structures or ripples often associated with laser damage and annealing. The effect of repetitive subthreshold illumination is also examined. Theoretical analysis is presented to support time-resolved experiments performed with two excitation pulses at different wavelengths.
Closing The Gap Between Science And Practice: The Need For Professional Leadership

Major opportunity exists to better align clinical science and clinical practice. To do so will require efforts not only to develop clinical practice guidelines, but to facilitate their application in practice. The American College of Cardiology operates a program to develop and assess the effectiveness of tools that facilitate the application of guidelines in practice. Here we review what we have learned about the process of guideline implementation, lay out the major research questions that need to be addressed, and argue that professional societies play a critical role in moving from guideline development to application.
Analysis of neutron damage in high-temperature silicon carbide JFETs

Neutron-induced displacement damage effects in n-channel, depletion-mode junction-field-effect transistors (JFETs) fabricated on 6H-silicon carbide are reported as a function of temperature from room temperature (RT) to 300/spl deg/C. The data are analyzed in terms of a refined model that folds in recently reported information on the two-level ionization energy structure of the nitrogen donors. A value of 5/spl plusmn/1 cm/sup -3/ per n/cm/sup 2/ is obtained for the deep-level defect introduction rate induced by the neutron irradiation. Due to partial ionization of the donor atoms at RT, the carrier removal rate is a function of temperature, varying from 3.5 cm/sup -1/ at RT to 4.75 cm/sup -1/ at 300/spl deg/C. The relative neutron effect on carrier mobility varies with temperature approximately as T/sup -7/2/, dropping by an order of magnitude at 300/spl deg/C compared with the RT effect. The results offer further support for the use of SiC devices in applications which combine high-temperature and severe radiation environments, where the use of Si and GaAs technologies is limited. >
Mechanisms of arterial thrombosis: Foundation for therapy

Intravascular thrombus often occurs when the rupture or fissure of an atherosclerotic plaque exposes procoagulant elements lying below the plaque surface. This process of plaque rupture is the result both of passive mechanical forces and an active cell-mediated mechanism. Recently a number of investigators have developed imaging technologies based on magnetic resonance to characterize atherosclerotic lesions or the use of radioactively labeled platelets to dynamically visualize clot formation and lysis in vivo. These methods may permit early detection of developing thrombus, improve selection of treatment, and allow direct monitoring of the progression of antithrombotic therapy.
The siegel modular variety of degree two and level four: A report

Let S 2 denote Siegel space of degree two and let F be a subgroup of SP4(Q) commensurate with SP4(Z). Then M F = r \ S 2 is a quasi-projective threedimensional algebraic variety. Historically, the first compactification of this to a projective variety was found by Satake. This compactificatlon is highly singular along its "boundary". It was deslngularlzed by Igusa to a variety which we denote by M r . and call the Igusa compactlfication. (Actually, Satake and Igusa considered special cases of this situation. The Igusa compactiflcatlon is perhaps best understood today as an example of Mumford's theory of toroidal compactifications IN].) To be precise, this latter variety is in general a "V-manlfold", i.e. it may have finite quotient singularities. However, in the case ~ = r(n), the principal congruence subgroup of level n in SP4(Z), Mr, which we denote by M in this case, is non-slngular provided n > I. In our previous work [LWI], n , [LW2] (see also [G]) we have thoroughly studied M 2. We have further succeeded in analyzing M4, and we report on our determination of its structure here. * Since we will be extensively using our results on M2, we state them now for future reference:
Responses to the letters to the editor for "battery powered bone drill: caution needed in densely blastic lesions".

Dear Editor, The authors would like to thank the readers for sharing their experiences. The authors have not had the experience of drilling more than five seconds using the device during clinical cases, even in the densely blastic lesions. The senior author, however, did experiment with trying to drill through a very thick cow femur cortex. On this occasion, he probably was drilling for a duration of approximately 25 to 30 seconds or longer. The drill was ultimately unable to penetrate through the thick cortex, but a burning-type odor was detected during the attempt. The authors also had a similar experience of Bbiopsying the biopsy^; although, in our case a 14-gauge Ostycut needle (Bard, Tempe, AZ, USA) was used. Interestingly, this case was a biopsy of fragmented endplate for discitis/osteomyelitis. The culture yielded Streptococcus mitis but the pathology was nondiagnostic.
Dynamic Control of Radiative Surface Properties With Origami-Inspired Design

Thermal management systems for space equipment commonly utilize static solutions such as insulation, optical coatings or reflective mirrors. The simplicity of static systems is advantageous, but the inability to adapt to environmental changes leads to systems designed for extreme conditions. Active control of radiative surface properties would increase the operational capabilities of spacecraft thermal management systems. This study investigates a dynamic solution that allows for real-time control of radiative surface properties based on origami-inspired designs. The extent to which the absorptivity and emissivity of a surface may be varied is demonstrated experimentally. Linear actuation of origami-based structures provides the avenue to alternating between flat and cavity-like surface geometries where the number of reflections, and hence the radiative surface properties are controlled. Flat and folded aluminum foil samples were alternately irradiated with a blackbody emitter at 1000 °C then shielded from the radiation source while the transient temperature was recorded using thermocouples and an IR camera. Thermal models relating the apparent absorptivity of the radiation shield to the time-dependent surface temperature are presented, and methods to invert these models are described. Preliminary results show a significant increase in irradiated steady state temperature for a high fold density as compared to unfolded configurations of the same thickness and material. These results indicate that origami-inspired designs have the potential to provide dynamic control of the apparent absorptivity of radiation shields and surfaces.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Improvements on GPS Location Cluster Analysis for the Prediction of Large Carnivore Feeding Activities: Ground-Truth Detection Probability and Inclusion of Activity Sensor Measures.

Animal space use studies using GPS collar technology are increasingly incorporating behavior based analysis of spatio-temporal data in order to expand inferences of resource use. GPS location cluster analysis is one such technique applied to large carnivores to identify the timing and location of feeding events. For logistical and financial reasons, researchers often implement predictive models for identifying these events. We present two separate improvements for predictive models that future practitioners can implement. Thus far, feeding prediction models have incorporated a small range of covariates, usually limited to spatio-temporal characteristics of the GPS data. Using GPS collared cougar (Puma concolor) we include activity sensor data as an additional covariate to increase prediction performance of feeding presence/absence. Integral to the predictive modeling of feeding events is a ground-truthing component, in which GPS location clusters are visited by human observers to confirm the presence or absence of feeding remains. Failing to account for sources of ground-truthing false-absences can bias the number of predicted feeding events to be low. Thus we account for some ground-truthing error sources directly in the model with covariates and when applying model predictions. Accounting for these errors resulted in a 10% increase in the number of clusters predicted to be feeding events. Using a double-observer design, we show that the ground-truthing false-absence rate is relatively low (4%) using a search delay of 2–60 days. Overall, we provide two separate improvements to the GPS cluster analysis techniques that can be expanded upon and implemented in future studies interested in identifying feeding behaviors of large carnivores.
Death and Taxes: The Impact of Income Taxation on Health

More progressive taxes, holding tax liability constant, generate disincentives for health investment by decreasing benefits for additional working time and, thus, decreasing returns to health. On the other hand, progressive taxation may induce individuals to invest more in health for the purpose of extending their working life, because lifetime maximization could imply less work per period but more working years. I identify the effect of progressively through differences in labor income tax rates among states. I find that the former effect dominates, more progressive taxes are negatively correlated with health, and argue that neither selection effects nor reverse causality can explain this result.
Na(+)-dependent Ca2+ efflux mechanism of heart mitochondria is not a passive Ca2+/2Na+ exchanger

Net Ca2+ flux across the inner membrane of respiring heart mitochondria was evaluated under conditions in which virtually all Ca2+ movement can be attributed to the Na+/Ca2+ antiport. If this antiport promotes a passive electroneutral exchange of Ca2+ for 2Na+, the Ca2+ gradient should be equal to the square of the Na+ gradient at equilibrium. Because the mitochondrial Na+/H+ antiport equilibrates the Na+ and H+ gradients, the Ca2+ gradient should also equal the square of the H+ gradient. In a series of > 20 determinations at different matrix [Ca2+], different delta pH, and varying membrane potential, it was found that Ca2+ is transported out of the mitochondrion against gradients from 15- to 100-fold greater than the value predicted for passive electroneutral exchange. It is concluded that the observed gradients are too large to be sustained by passive Ca2+/2Na+ exchange. The observed gradients are compatible with an electrogenic Ca2+/3Na+ exchange. Alternatively another source of energy is available to support these gradients.
The Public Use Requirement and the Character of Consequentialist Reasoning

How does expropriation fit into a human flourishing theory of property? If we take it that property owners owe members of their communities obligations to provide resources necessary to develop those capabilities that are essential to human flourishing, then what does this require of them in terms of the state’s power to expropriate?
On the Grid Insensitivity of an Advanced Neural Network Based Model for Synthetic Jet Flow Fields

Previous efforts utilized neural networks to model the effects of time averaged unsteady synthetic jet flow fields but were restricted to predictions on the same grid as the cases used to develop the model. The current research involves the grid sensitivity of the approach and shows that the general procedure can be applied on different grids. The general lumped deterministic source term (LDST) approach is developed and applied on unstructured grids to show that it is feasible. LDSTs from structured and unstructured results are found to be different in the direct form but virtually identical if put on a per cell area basis. Using this idea the previously developed neural network (NN) LDST approach is modified through the use of a grid to grid transformation that allows it to be used in its original form yet still be applied to general grids. Computations are then performed on coarsened structured grids to obtain and compare the lumped deterministic source terms.
Lateral Constraining Effect on Bolted Composite Joints

The effect of lateral constraints and clamping pressure on the response of bolted composite joints in bearing failure was studied. Both analysis and experiments were conducted during the investigation. In order to evaluate the through-the-thickness effect, a three dimensional progressive failure analysis which includes failure prediction and material degradation was proposed for predicting the response of mechanically fastened composite joints in bearing failure. In order to take into account the lateral constraining effect, the assumption of the conservation of volume was proposed for the damaged materials under compression, and the assumption was introduced through a penalty method based on the total potential energy. The proposed analysis was implemented in the commercial finite element code ABAQUS for handling complex contact conditions in simulations of bolted joints. Using ABAQUS, the response and failure of joints with a pin-loaded hole (no constraints), fastened joints with washers, and fastened joints without washers were calculated. The results of the predicted clamping pressure distribution, joint response, and damage progression were compared with the test data which were generated from the investigation. Good comparisons were obtained, including the clamping pressure distribution during loading.
Abstract A18: A novel, human-compatible mouse model for preclinical research on prolactin in breast cancer

Over 90% of all human breast cancers express receptors for prolactin (PRL). This mitogenic hormone has been associated with an increased risk for breast cancer (as supported by epidemiological and molecular biology research). Despite this evidence, knowledge of the precise mechanisms of action for PRL in human breast cancer is limited. This is likely due to the lack of a suitable experimental model for studying the potential role of PRL in breast cancer growth and metastasis in vivo. For other reproductive hormones, the research model that has proven to be critical for preclinical studies of cancer is the grafting of human cancer cells into immunodeficient mice. Currently, no such xenograft model exists for the study of human PRL (hPRL) in breast cancer . The primary reason for this is the significant structural differences between rodent and hPRL. The mouse PRL (mPRL) hormone does not activate the hPRL receptor. Thus, grafted human cancer cells cannot respond to circulating PRL produced by the mouse host. To address this void in the repertoire of research tools, we have generated a novel set of mouse strains that have been “humanized” with regard to the structural gene, tissue expression, and secretory patterns of PRL. These mice were created using bacterial artificial chromosome technology and have been crossed onto the mouse PRL knockout background, resulting in mice that synthesize and secrete hPRL in the absence of mPRL. Our characterization studies demonstrate that the hPRL within the mice is: (1) expressed in a human-like pattern (including local production in the mammary gland), (2) secreted in a physiological fashion, and (3) controlled by known regulators (estrogen / dopamine). Further, we have shown that the hPRL produced in the mice is fully bioactive at the hPRL receptor within human breast cancer cells (T47D). We propose that these innovative models will be superior tools for examining the effects of hPRL on the growth and metastasis of human breast cancer xenografts. To this end, we have bred these mice onto the NOD/SCID immunodeficient background to allow for such preclinical studies of PRL in cancer. These novel mouse lines represent a major advancement in the research models available for the study of human breast cancer. As such, we expect that their use will have a significant impact on future diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancers. Citation Format: Heather R. Christensen, Michael K. Murawsky, Karen A. Gregerson. A novel, human-compatible mouse model for preclinical research on prolactin in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: The Translational Impact of Model Organisms in Cancer; Nov 5-8, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A18.
Mismatching Among Guidelines, Providers, and Parents on Controller Medication Use in Children with Asthma

Background Underuse of controller medicines among children with asthma remains widespread despite national guidelines. Objectives To (1) assess provider prescribing patterns for asthma controller medications; (2) assess how frequently parents' reports of their child's asthma controller medicine use were mismatched with their provider's recommendations; and (3) evaluate parent attitudes and demographic characteristics associated with these mismatches. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we conducted linked surveys of parents and providers of children with probable persistent asthma in a Medicaid program and 4 commercial health plans in 2011. Probable persistent asthma was defined as a diagnosis of asthma and 1 or more controller medication dispensing. Results This study included 740 children (mean age, 8.6 years). Providers for 50% of the children reported prescribing controller medications for daily year-round use, 41% for daily use during active asthma months, and 9% for intermittent use for relief. Among parents, 72% knew which class of controller medication the provider prescribed and 49% knew the administration frequency and the medication class. Parents were less likely to report the same controller medication type as the provider, irrespective of dose and frequency, if they were Latino (odds ratio [OR], 0.23; CI, 0.057-0.90), had a household smoker (OR, 2.87; CI, 0.42-19.6), or believed the controller medicine was not helping (OR, 0.15; CI, 0.048-0.45). Conclusions Mismatches between parent reports and providers intentions regarding how the child was supposed to use inhaled steroids occurred for half of the children. Efforts should focus on ways to reduce mismatches between parent and provider intentions regarding controller medication use.
ML.* MACHINE LEARNING LIBRARY AS A MUSICAL PARTNER IN THE COMPUTER-ACOUSTIC COMPOSITION FLIGHT

This paper presents an application and extension of the ml.* library, implementing machine learning (ML) models to facilitate “creative” interactions between musician and machine. The objective behind the work is to effectuate a musical “virtual partner” capable of creation in a range of musical scenarios that encompass composition, improvisation, studio, and live concert performance. An overview of the piece, Flights, used to test the musical range of the application is given, followed by a description of the development rationale for the project. Its contribution to the aesthetic quality of the human musical process is discussed.
c-myc hypermutation is ongoing in endemic, but not all Burkitt's lymphoma

Deregulation of c-myc oncogene secondary to chromosomal translocation appears to play an essential role in the genesis of both endemic (African) Burkitt's lymphoma (eBL) and sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma (sBL). In most eBL, mutations in or near exon 1 disrupt normal c-myc regulatory sites. We examined c-myc sequences from a patient with sBL and two patients with eBL to determine (1) whether mutation is ongoing as the tumor clone expands, (2) the nature of mutations in the protein-coding exons 2 and 3, and (3) the extent of c-myc hypermutation in the two clinical forms of BL. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we amplified segments of c-myc from bulk tumor samples, cloned the products into plasmid vectors, and sequenced multiple subclones of each segment. The mutation frequencies in the control (remission bone marrow) and sBL tumor subclones were 0.65 x 10(-4) and 3.0 x 10(-4) (mutations/base), respectively (P greater than .25). Subclones from the two eBLs exhibited mutation frequencies of 20 x 10(-4) and 16 x 10(-4), respectively (P less than .001 v control). In addition to the consensus mutations seen in one eBL, a random pattern of unshared mutations was observed throughout c-myc in both samples, demonstrating that mutations may be introduced in a stepwise fashion. We noted a clear excess of transitions over transversions (30:9), which is qualitatively similar to the pattern observed in diverse examples of eukaryotic gene mutation. These data demonstrate that c-myc hypermutation is an ongoing process as the eBL tumor clone expands, is qualitatively different from immunoglobulin gene hypermutation, and is not a universal feature of BL, perhaps reflecting the nature of the translocation or the stage of tumor cell maturation.
The Intestinal Bacterial Microbiome and E. histolytica Infection

Entamoeba histolytica, the etiological agent of amebiasis, is a significant cause of pediatric diarrhea in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The clinical outcome of an E. histolytica exposure varies enormously and can present as diarrhea, dysentery, or amebic liver abscess. Host and parasite factors likely contribute to the outcome of infection with the parasite, but do not explain the wide variation in presentation of disease. This suggests that other environmental factors affect disease. An emerging body of work suggests that the host intestinal bacterial microbiome may have a significant influence on the development and outcome of amebiasis.
Cord blood chimerism and relapse after haplo-cord transplantation

Haplo-cord stem cell transplantation combines the infusion of CD34 selected hematopoietic progenitors from a haplo-identical donor with an umbilical cord blood (UCB) graft from an unrelated donor and allows faster count recovery, with low rates of disease recurrence and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). But the contribution of the umbilical cord blood graft to long-term transplant outcome remains unclear. We analyzed 39 recipients of haplo-cord transplants with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), engrafted and in remission at 2 months. Median age was 66 (18-72) and all had intermediate, high, or very-high risk disease. Less than 20% UCB chimerism in the CD33 lineage was associated with an increased rate of disease recurrence (54% versus 11% p < 0.0001) and decrease in one year progression-free (20% versus 55%, p = 0.004) and overall survival (30% versus 62%, p = 0.02). Less than 100% UCB chimerism in the CD3 lineage was associated with increase rate of disease recurrence (46% versus 12%, p = 0.007). Persistent haplo-chimerism in the CD3 lineage was associated with an increased rate of disease recurrence (40% versus 15%, p = 0.009) Chimerism did not predict for treatment related mortality. The cumulative incidence of acute GVHD by day 100 was 43%. The cumulative incidence of moderate/severe chronic GVHD was only 5%. Engraftment of the umbilical cord blood grafts provides powerful graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects which protect against disease recurrence and is associated with low risk of chronic GVHD. Engraftment of CD34 selected haplo-identical cells can lead to rapid development of circulating T-cells, but when these cells dominate, GVL-effects are limited and rates of disease recurrence are high.
At the Threshold between Politics and the Political

The debate about the difference between “politics” and “the political” forms the theoretical background of this study. It offers the opportunity to speak about the political significance of uncivil, illegal and disruptive agency that is not embedded in an institutional political context and often explicitly confronts or challenges such institutional politics. I look at this debate through a postfoundationalist lens and discuss the position of various authors who have played a crucial role in defining this “political difference” (Marchart 2007). They have done so by focusing on the role of the political as a dynamic in human interactions that escapes a “static” organization of politics, both in the sense of a state-induced management of political issues and in the sense of immobilizing or capturing human interactions in a certain prescribed order. The idea of a political element in human interactions that is not already fully captured within politics as an institutional model of organization is important to me in formulating my own understanding of the practice of “unruly politics.”
Fused Chemical Reactions. 2. Encapsulation: Application to Remediation of Paraffin Plugged Pipelines†

Fused chemical reactions are reactions that undergo a delay before significant amounts of product are produced. One class of fused chemical reactions is the class of reactions triggered by an abrupt release of a catalyst. Fused chemical reactions have the potential of solving the problem of organic deposition in sub-sea pipelines which is a problem with enormous economic consequence (Singh, P.; Fogler, H. S. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1998, 37 (6), 2203). The reaction between ammonium chloride and sodium nitrite catalyzed by citric acid was chosen as an example of a fused chemical reaction system where the acid was encapsulated in polymer-coated gelatin capsules. The timed release of the acid catalyst was achieved by putting an additional polymeric coating on the gelatin capsules. The reaction kinetics and the polymer dissolution kinetics were investigated in an adiabatic batch reactor. An excellent agreement between simulation and experimental results in the batch reactor was achieved. Experimental results in a flow-loop reactor demonstrated that the fused chemical reaction could provide a substantial amount of heat in situ. This amount of heat is sufficient to overcome the high heat loss to the surroundings and to raise the temperature of the fluid above the effective temperature to soften and melt the wax deposit. The delay in heat release was found to depend on the thickness of the polymeric coating, while the amount and rate of heat release depended on the in situ reactant and acid concentrations.
Multiple Photonic Responses in Organic Magnetic Semiconductor V(TCNE)x(x ~ 2)

A multiphotonic response in organic magnetic semiconductor V(TCNE)x (x ~ 2) with a substantial increase of conductivity induced by light (lambda=457.9 nm) is reported. Substantial decrease in activation energy for electronic hopping is due to temperature dependence of resistivity. Photoinduced effects that originated from structural changes triggered by pirarrpi* excitation in (TCNE)ldr- molecules, which leads to modulation of the magnetic exchange energy J and the activation energy DeltaE, is proposed. This mechanism for multiphotonic responses is supported by photoinduced IR studies.
A Prospect Theory-Based Evaluation of Dual-Process Influences on Aging and Decision Making: Support for a Contextual Perspective

Many treatments of aging and decision making focus on the impact of declining cognitive abilities on the ability to make effective decisions. A contextual perspective, however, emphasizes both the multidimensionality of influences and multidirectionality of age-related change. Dual-process models emphasize the interplay between affect and cognition in making decisions, and the relative influence of each may reflect both the efficiency of processing within these domains as well as changes in the value assigned to each. Using Prospect Theory as a starting point, I explore how age differences in interplay between experiential and deliberative processes—characterized in terms of four different theoretical perspectives—can be understood through reference to value and probability weighting functions. A systematic exploration of consistency of empirical findings with expectations derived from these perspectives suggests little systematic support for any single one. This emphasizes the importance of considering the context in evaluating the impact of aging on decision making.
What Factors Drive Inpatient Satisfaction After Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract Background The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey, developed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, is directly tied to hospital reimbursement. The purpose of this study is to analyze survey responses from patients who underwent primary knee arthroplasty in order to identify factors that drive patient dissatisfaction in the inpatient setting. Methods HCAHPS responses received from patients undergoing elective total and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty at our institution between January 1, 2013 and January 1, 2016 were obtained and expressed as a percentage of overall satisfaction. Satisfaction scores were correlated to patient demographics. Results Overall, responses from 580 patients were obtained (554 total knee arthroplasties, 26 unicompartmental knee arthroplasties). There was a statistically significant difference in overall satisfaction when comparing sex ( P = .034), race ( P = .030), and socioeconomic status ( P = .001). Men reported a higher average satisfaction score than women (77.8% vs 74.2%). Patients in the 1st quartile of socioeconomic status reported a higher average satisfaction than those in the 4th quartile (81.3% vs 71.3%). African American patients reported a higher satisfaction than Caucasian and other races (81.6% vs 75.3% vs 66.3%, respectively). There was an inverse relationship between increased length of stay and reported satisfaction ( r = −0.113, P = .006). Conclusion Our data indicate that patients who are likely to report higher levels of inpatient satisfaction after knee arthroplasty are male, African American, of lower socioeconomic status, and with shorter length of stay. To our knowledge, this is the first reported analysis of the HCAHPS survey in relation to total joint arthroplasty.
Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Aripiprazole

Aripiprazole was the first antipsychotic developed to possess agonist properties at dopamine D2 autoreceptors, a groundbreaking strategy that presented a new vista for schizophrenia drug discovery. The dopamine D2 receptor is the crucial target of all extant antipsychotics, and all developed prior to aripiprazole were D2 receptor antagonists. Extensive blockade of these receptors, however, typically produces extrapyramidal (movement) side effects, which plagued first-generation antipsychotics, such as haloperidol. Second-generation antipsychotics, such as clozapine, with unique polypharmacology and D2 receptor binding kinetics, have significantly lower risk of movement side effects but can cause myriad additional ones, such as severe weight gain and metabolic dysfunction. Aripiprazole’s polypharmacology, characterized by its unique agonist activity at dopamine D2 and D3 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, as well as antagonist activity at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, translates to successful reduction of posit...
A combinatorial library of triazine-cored polymeric vectors for pDNA delivery in vitro and in vivo

A set of triazine-cored cationic amphiphilic polymers (TAPs) composed of low molecular weight (Mw) polyethylenimine (LPEI, B) and amphiphilic Jeffamine (A) were prepared with controllable composition and molecular size, and further characterized for plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery both in vitro and in vivo. These new polymers condensed pDNA efficiently at a polymer/pDNA weight ratio of 5 with particle sizes below 200 nm. The introduction of Jeffamine in the polymers significantly improved the cellular uptake of pDNA, but without increasing its toxicity compared with the parent LPEI. The best formulation resulted in 6- and 29-fold transfection efficiencies of PEI 25k in vitro and in vivo in mdx mice, respectively. Higher transfection efficiency was achieved with more lipophilic A1/A3-based polymers in vitro, with 1A11B3 and 1A12B3 showing the greatest delivery performance. However, the lipophilicity of the TAPs is less critical in vivo as the less lipophilic A2/A4 constructed TAPs also performed similarly well as the more lipophilic A1/A3 constructed ones. In addition, a synergistic effect of LPEI and Jeffamine via chemical conjugation for the delivery of pDNA was revealed in transfection efficiency. These results indicate that the appropriate positive surface and particle size of polymer/pDNA complex and the composition and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of polymers are crucial for effective delivery, although intricate matching exists between A and B in the TAP composition. Triazine-cored cationic amphiphilic polymers are safe and potentially effective carriers for gene/drug delivery.
Transtrochanteric Anterior Rotational Osteotomy of the Femoral Head for Treatment of Osteonecrosis Affecting the Hip

The transtrochanteric anterior rotational osteotomy was first described by Sugioka in 1978 as a technique for managing osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head (Sugioka, Clin Orthop Relat Res 130: 191–201, 1978). The logic of this procedure involves reducing weight-bearing forces on the necrotic area of the femoral head with transfer of shear forces to the healthy posterior cartilage. Although rarely used today for the management of ON, this osteotomy represented a primary joint preservation strategy in the 1980s and 1990s. Importantly, previous osteotomy does pose unique considerations for patients needing subsequent THA. In the case presented, a 37-year-old gentleman received Sugioka osteotomy for idiopathic ON that delayed the need for THA by 4.5 years. His ensuing THA was performed without additional difficulty, and he has remained free of complications through 23 years of follow-up.
Inducing coherent quantum dot interactions

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are typically entirely uncoupled, and interfacial QDs are no exception. However, exciting higher-energy quantum-well states can turn on QD interactions. Here, the authors measure individual QDs with a coherent spectroscopy that is extremely sensitive to interactions. They demonstrate an induced binding between two distinct QDs with a very weak excitation of delocalized quantum-well states. This interaction is presented as a possible method for turning on coupling between quantum states and for measuring fundamental processes in semiconductors with nanometer spatial resolution.
Cooperatively Learning Footprints of Multiple Incumbent Transmitters by Using Cognitive Radio Networks

Energy measurements have conventionally been used for detecting the presence of signal energy but not for distinguishing incumbent users (IUs). In this paper, soft and hard reports Gaussian mixture model learning algorithms are proposed to distinguish intermittently transmitting IUs and to find the footprints for each IU, i.e., the cognitive radio (CRs) that receive signals from each IU. Unlike existing methods for distinguishing IUs using single antenna CRs, the proposed methods do not require CR locations, channel models, or prior knowledge of the number of IUs or their protocol. The soft reports algorithm uses Mahalanobis distance to separate components while a two stage process learns components corresponding to individual IUs. The hard reports algorithm reduces computational complexity by learning unidimensional mixtures at each CR and fusing results using a novel algorithm for finding the maximum weight dominating set in a directed graph. MATLAB simulations of slotted ALOHA IU networks are used to evaluate the algorithms’ performance as the number of CRs, IUs, and average activity are varied. In frequent collision scenarios, the soft reports algorithm has the best performance. However, NS3 simulations of 802.11n IU networks show that methods proposed to reduce false positives deteriorate detection performance due to channel capture effects.
Inflammatory Arthritis: A Newly Recognized Adverse Event of Immune Checkpoint Blockade

This commentary summarizes current knowledge on the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of the inflammatory arthritis which may occur as an immune‐related adverse evet of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Herein, we propose a new algorithm aimed at assisting oncologists in the diagnosis and management of this immune‐related adverse event.
Urinary biomarkers of cell cycle arrest are delayed predictors of acute kidney injury after pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass

Several novel biomarkers that predict acute kidney injury (AKI) have recently been proposed. We have evaluated the sequential patterns of biomarker elevation after pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and determined their diagnostic accuracy. We measured the ability of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), interleukin-18 (IL-18), liver type fatty-acid binding protein (L-FABP), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), to predict AKI (≥50% increase in serum creatinine from baseline). Areas under the receiver-operator characteristic curves (AUCs) were calculated for each biomarker and for various biomarker combinations at multiple time points after CPB. Of 150 patients examined, AKI had developed in 50 patients by 24 h after CPB, with an elevated NGAL concentration first noted at 2 h post-CPB, increases in IL-18, L-FABP, and the product of TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 first noted at 6 h, and an elevated KIM-1 level noted at 12 h. At each time point, urine NGAL remained the marker with the highest predictive ability (AUC > 0.9). The addition of any other biomarker did not increase the predictive accuracy of NGAL alone at 2 and 6 h. At 12 h, when compared to NGAL alone, the combination of NGAL, IL-18, and TIMP2 improved the AUC for AKI prediction (from 0.938 to 0.973). While urine NGAL remains a superior stand-alone test at the 2 and 6 h time points after pediatric CPB, a panel of carefully selected biomarkers may prove optimal at later time points.
Abstract 19918: Spatial Thermodynamics and Characteristics of Lesions Created by a Novel Irrigated Radiofrequency Balloon Ablation Catheter in the Canine Heart

Introduction: Balloon catheters have been developed to treat atrial fibrillation by isolating pulmonary veins (PVI) using a single energy shot. This study was conducted to investigate the biophysics and lesion characteristics of a newly developed 28mm multi-electrode radiofrequency open irrigated balloon (RFIB) ablation catheter with 10 electrode bands. Methods: Three normal dogs underwent catheter ablation using this novel RFIB catheter. PVI was performed using settings of 15W, irrigation flow of 50 ml/min, and RF application time of 60sec. Balloon position and occlusion for each vein were assessed by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) and fluoroscopy. The tissue temperature was monitored during ablation using thermocouples implanted to the LA-PV junction (left superior PV [LSPV], left inferior PV [LIPV] and right inferior PV [RIPV]), phrenic nerve, and luminal esophagus. These data were compared to conventional PVI using a standard irrigated-tip catheter with settings of 30-35W, irrigation flow 30 ml/min and 30 sec. Gross pathologic and histologic characteristics of the lesions were examined. Results: A total of 11 PVs (3 LSPVs, 3 right superior PVs [RSPV], 3 LIPVs and 2 RIPVs) were ablated using RFIB catheter. PV isolation was achieved in 9/11 (81.8%) PVs and transmural PV lesion circumferentiality was 98.4 ± 3.2% with 1 or 2 RF applications (1.3 ± 0.5/PV). Figure shows the relationship between maximum tissue temperature and distance. Maximum tissue temperature at the distance of Conclusions: This novel RF irrigated balloon catheter showed the potential for creating circumferential, transmural lesions with a “single shot” with overall effects equivalent to point-by-point ablation.
Mentoring and Argumentation in a Game-Infused Science Curriculum

Engaging in argumentation from evidence is challenging for most middle school students. We report the design of a media-based mentoring system to support middle school students in engaging in argumentation in the context of a game-infused science curriculum. Our design emphasizes learners apprenticing with college student mentors around the socio-scientific inquiry of a designed video game. We report the results of a mixed-methods study examining the use of this media-based mentoring system with students ages 11 through 14. We observed that the discourse of groups of students that engaged with the game-infused science curriculum while interacting with college student mentors via a social media platform demonstrated statistically significant higher ratings of cognitive, epistemic, and social aspects of argumentation than groups of students that engaged with the social media platform and game-infused science curriculum without mentors. We further explored the differences between the Discourses of the mentored and non-mentored groups. This analysis showed that students in the mentored groups were invited, guided, and socialized into roles of greater agency than students in the non-mentored groups. This increased agency might explain why mentored groups demonstrated higher levels of scientific argumentation than non-mentored groups. Based on our analyses, we argue that media-based mentoring may be designed around a video game to support middle school students in engaging in argumentation from evidence.
Pulmonary Infection in a Patient After Stem Cell Transplantation

A 69-year-old man with a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and acute myelogenous leukemia presented with recurrent fever and cough. He had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a matched unrelated donor 17 months previously. His posttransplant course was complicated by graft versus host disease and multiple central venous catheter infections with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, and alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus. During his initial course, he also developed a nodular pneumonia, and the subsequent workup included a bronchoscopy that was nondiagnostic.
Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Lipid Membranes: Deformation and Stability in Electric Fields

Abstract Cellular biomembranes are dynamic structures that undergo frequent deformation and remodeling because of stresses naturally existing in the cellular environments or because of externally applied flow or electric fields. The growing appreciation of the importance of the nonequilibrium behavior of lipid membranes in cell biological function has stimulated an increasing interest in this subject. This review discusses the challenges and recent advances in the theory of nonequilibrium membranes, in particular, membranes in electric fields. The main focus is on cell-size closed lipid membranes (giant vesicles), which provide a well-defined system for experimental testing of theoretical models.
Impact of an N-terminal Polyhistidine Tag on Protein Thermal Stability

For years, the use of polyhistidine tags (His-tags) has been a staple in the isolation of recombinant proteins in immobilized metal affinity chromatography experiments. Their usage has been widely beneficial in increasing protein purity from crude cell lysates. For some recombinant proteins, a consequence of His-tag addition is that it can affect protein function and stability. Functional proteins are essential in the elucidation of their biological, kinetic, structural, and thermodynamic properties. In this study, we determine the effect of N-terminal His-tags on the thermal stability of select proteins using differential scanning fluorimetry and identify that the removal of the His-tag can have both beneficial and deleterious effects on their stability.
Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States

James C. Scott gave two lectures in 2011 on plant and animal domestication and the earliest states, but the discussion afterwards convinced him that his arguments “were not remotely ready for prime...
Automated Integration of Glucometer Data into the Electronic Health Record

Pediatric patients and families with T1D have difficulty meeting target HgbA1c. Providers encourage families to contact them with BG values between visits. Currently it is cumbersome to share BG with clinical providers creating a barrier to communication. Many applications on smart phones exist to help patients track BG, but most do not integrate with the electronic health record (EHR). Recent advances in technology can integrate the glucometer data into the EHR. This pilot and feasibility study aims to understand if automated integration of glucometer data into the EHR along with remote monitoring by health care providers improve patient initiated provider communication, self-management and HgbA1c. Patients and families with type 1 diabetes and an Apple iPod or iPhone (5s or higher) were invited to participate. Participants enrolled in MyChart, downloaded the HealthKit application and connected the AccuChek Aviva Connect (Roche) glucometer to the HealthKit. Through the EHR, BG values were automatically integrated to the EHR via WiFi. The number of patient initiated contacts via telephone or MyChart messages between clinic visits were recorded during each of the 3 phases (lasting 3 months each): run-in phase (providers waited for participant initiated phone calls), intervention phase (provider initiated calls to participants to review BG trends) and learned phase (providers waited for participant initiated phone calls). The number of participant initiated calls for each phase was measured and compared using a paired t test. Thirty-two families (mean Hgb A1c 8.5 ± SD 1.7, mean age 13.9 years ± SD 3.8) completed all phases. Despite automated integration of BG values and guided review of BG trends, the number of patient initiated calls (p=0.17) and HgbA1c values (p=0.67) did not improve. Families did felt safer knowing providers had automated integration of BG values into the EMR. However, barriers to adoption and effectiveness of this technology exist and patient motivation is still needed. Disclosure J. Weatherly: None. S.S. Kishnani: None. T. Aye: None.