cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison with radionuclide angiography of two new geometric and four nongeometric models for echocardiographic estimation of left ventricular ejection fraction using segmental wall motion scoring.

Abstract Two new eehocardlographic methods for estimating left ventricular ejection fraction, both based on segmental wall motion scoring on a continuous scale, were developed and compared to radionu-clide angiography in 50 patients. The first method used a geometric model in which the ventricle was represented by a tubular base section joined to a hemielliptical apex section, each containing 4 quadrants. Contraction was scored visually in 12 regions of the ventricle. The 12 scores were converted to dimensional shortenings, which were then used to calculate separate ejection fractions for each of the 8 quadrants. These 8 values were averaged to obtain the global ejection fraction. AssumIng an elliptical end-systolic cross-section shape for each quadrant, the correlation between the echocardiographic and radionuclide ejection fractions was 0.917 with a regression slope of 0.93 and an intercept of 1.5. Results were identical assuming circular end-systolic quadrant shapes. The second approach used a linear combination of the mean wall motion score at the base, midleft ventricle and apex to predict ejection fraction. Coefficients for the 3 mean scores were optimized by least squares least fit with radionuclide ejection fraction In all 50 patients. The simplest Linear model showed a correlation of 0.90 between the echocardiographic and radionuclide ejection fraction but underestimated low, and overestimated high, ejection fractions. However, these systematic errors could be removed by regression, which added a constant term of 8.1 and a slope factor of 0.87 to the linear model, improving the correlation with radionuclide ejection fraction to 0.91. Segmental wall motion scoring on a continuous scale with an appropriate geometric model can provide good estimates of ejection fraction if each ventricular quadrant is analyzed separately and the results are averaged. Properly weighted linear combinations of the contraction scores provide comparably accurate estimates of the ejection fraction.
The thermal decomposition of dibutylbis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)titanium, other dialkyl metallocenes, and di(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)titanium

Abstract The thermal decomposition of some dialkylbis(η 5 -cyclopentadienyl)metals in pentane and toluene solutions at 60°–80 °C have been studied. The metals were Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo, and W. The alkyls were n-propyl, n-butyl, n-amyl, neopentyl, and neohexyl. Dineopentylbis(η 5 -pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)titanium was also studied. In addition to the expected alkanes and alkenes, some methane, ethylene, and other hydrocarbons were obtained. The formation of these minor products is rationalized on the basis of δ- and γ-hydrogen elimination and metal carbene formation. A metallacyle pathway probably follows the hydrogen abstraction. Reproducible quantities of the products were obtained.
Qualitative assessment of cause-of-injury coding in U.S. military hospitals: NATO standardization agreement (STANAG) 2050

Abstract Background: Accurate injury cause data are essential for injury prevention research. U.S. military hospitals, unlike civilian hospitals, use the NATO STANAG system for cause-of-injury coding. Reported deficiencies in civilian injury cause data suggested a need to specifically evaluate the STANAG. Methods: The Total Army Injury and Health Outcomes Database (TAIHOD) was used to evaluate worldwide Army injury hospitalizations, especially STANAG Trauma, Injury, and Place of Occurrence coding. We conducted a review of hospital procedures at Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC) including injury cause and intent coding, potential crossover between acute injuries and musculoskeletal conditions, and data for certain hospital patients who are not true admissions. We also evaluated the use of free-text injury comment fields in three hospitals. Results: Army-wide review of injury records coding revealed full compliance with cause coding, although nonspecific codes appeared to be overused. A small but intensive single hospital records review revealed relatively poor intent coding but good activity and cause coding. Data on specific injury history were present on most acute injury records and 75% of musculoskeletal conditions. Place of Occurrence coding, although inherently nonspecific, was over 80% accurate. Review of text fields produced additional details of the injuries in over 80% of cases. Conclusions: STANAG intent coding specificity was poor, while coding of cause of injury was at least comparable to civilian systems. The strengths of military hospital data systems are an exceptionally high compliance with injury cause coding, the availability of free text, and capture of all population hospital records without regard to work-relatedness. Simple changes in procedures could greatly improve data quality.
Remaking the Possible: Intelligibility and Trans Autonomy

This essay explores problems inherent to Butler’s concept of intelligibility as it is presented in her book Undoing Gender. By relegating gender minorities collectively to the unintelligible, Butler unintentionally diminishes the agency of gender minorities and their ability to produce themselves as subjects through oversights Butler makes with regard to the importance of embodiment. Accounts by transgender individuals and theorists, including objections to Butler’s work itself, emphasize different ways that trans individuals legitimate their own approach to norms of intelligibility. In order to salvage Butler’s notion of intelligibility, it is necessary to emphasize certain aspects and de-emphasize others. Through the work of various transgender thinkers, it is possible to emphasize the changing norms of intelligibility. Both discursively and through embodied experience, challenges are issued to the norm which undermine the terms of the norm itself. What results is recognition of how tenuous the norms of intelligibility are in and of themselves, and the necessity for a new ethic. This new ethic requires a position of deferral on the part of observers, which does not impose norms. Instead, each subject is allowed to determine through their discourse and the presentation of their embodiment how they will relate to the available norms.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nucleocapsid p1 Confers ESCRT Pathway Dependence

To facilitate the release of infectious progeny virions, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exploits the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) pathway by engaging Tsg101 and ALIX through late assembly (L) domains in the C-terminal p6 domain of Gag. However, the L domains in p6 are known to be dispensable for efficient particle production by certain HIV-1 Gag constructs that have the nucleocapsid (NC) domain replaced by a foreign dimerization domain to substitute for the assembly function of NC. We now show that one such L domain-independent HIV-1 Gag construct (termed Z(WT)) that has NC-p1-p6 replaced by a leucine zipper domain is resistant to dominant-negative inhibitors of the ESCRT pathway that block HIV-1 particle production. However, Z(WT) became dependent on the presence of an L domain when NC-p1-p6 was restored to its C terminus. Furthermore, when the NC domain was replaced by a leucine zipper, the p1-p6 region, but not p6 alone, conferred sensitivity to inhibition of the ESCRT pathway. In an authentic HIV-1 Gag context, the effect of an inhibitor of the ESCRT pathway on particle production could be alleviated by deleting a portion of the NC domain together with p1. Together, these results indicate that the ESCRT pathway dependence of HIV-1 budding is determined, at least in part, by the NC-p1 region of Gag.
An early Indian cranium from the Medicine Crow site, (39BF2), Buffalo County, South Dakota

Artifacts of Paleoindians have been found in most if not all of the Plains states; however, documented human skeletal remains from this early period are rare. The Medicine Crow cranium dates by stratigraphy and by the amount of absorbed alpha and beta radiation at between 5,000 and 2,000 B.C. This places this young adult male in the Archaic period and represents the earliest documented human skeletal material from South Dakota. It compares favorably in age with other well documented human skeletons from the Plains area, such as Lansing Man (Kansas) (3579 B.C.). Metrically, (with a cranial index of 76.7) and morphologically the Medicine Crow cranium falls well within the range of other early or middle Archaic skeletons.
Coverage Effects on the Kinetics of Benzene Formation from Acetylene on Pd(111): A Laser-Induced Thermal Desorption/Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Investigation

Reported are investigations regarding the coverage dependence of the kinetic factors for acetylene cyclotrimerization on Pd(111). Laser-induced thermal desorption/Fourier transform mass spectrometr...
A pregnant woman with moderate pulmonary hypertension

A woman with moderate PA hypertension and elevated PVR due to congenital heart disease experienced no serious complications from pregnancy. Although the outcome of this pregnancy in this patient was successful, this case suggests that the presence of even moderate maternal pulmonary hypertension with pregnancy should be viewed with caution.
Using Social Development Lenses to Understand E-Government Development

As governments at different levels and all around the world are increasingly using the Web to enhance and improve their services, understanding e-government development and exploring factors that affect e-government development have become important research topics. The purpose of this research is to investigate factors explaining e-government development in terms of social development lenses. Based on growth and regional development theories, the paper hypothesizes that income level, development status, and region are three factors that differentiate e-government development in countries. Group comparison tests are conducted using secondary data from the United Nations and the United Nations Development Programme. The results support the hypotheses that significant differences in e-government development exist between countries with respect to the three categorical variables mentioned above. In addition, the paper applies planned post-hoc tests to further investigate the differences. The results of this research are valuable to e-government scholars and practitioners. As the research involves data from more than a hundred countries, the research contributes to understanding e-government development factors on a global scale.
Using the Rapid HIV Test to Rescreen Women in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy

Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy in HIV-infected women has dramatically reduced the rate of mother to child HIV transmission in the United States. National guidelines strongly recommend universal HIV testing of all pregnant women with repeat screening in the third-trimester in high-risk populations. To determine patient attitudes towards third-trimester rescreening, a convenience sample was recruited during routine prenatal visits at an urban clinic and participants were surveyed to determine attitudes about HIV third-trimester retesting, acceptability of the rapid HIV testing, condom use, and knowledge of partner's HIV status during pregnancy. Participants were offered a third-trimester rapid HIV retest with the option to decline the test. Eighty pregnant women participated; 95% agreed to be retested with a rapid HIV test, 100% received immediate HIV results, and 91% reported that the rapid test was less stressful than conventional testing. There were no seroconversions. Although 35% did not know their partner's HIV status, 57% of these women reported never using condoms during pregnancy. There was a significant association between reported stage of behavior change and reported likelihood of using condoms. We found that rescreening with the rapid HIV test in the third trimester of pregnancy was well accepted and is important to prevent perinatal HIV transmission.
AM0 solar cell calibration under near space conditions

The realization of 3, 4 and 6-junction solar cells for space applications requires a better understanding of the atmospheric effects for all earth-based, high-altitude, AM0 solar cell calibration methods. The residual atmosphere in these methods can have a profound influence on solar cell calibration. Using atmospheric modeling, and calibration methods used past, present, and future, the error introduced by the residual atmosphere is calculated for advanced multi-junction solar cells.
Doxycycline affects diet- and bacteria-associated atherosclerosis in an ApoE heterozygote murine model: Cytokine profiling implications

Abstract Background It has been postulated that systemic infection with pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis ( Pg ) elevates the inflammatory response and increases susceptibility to atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that Doxycycline would be beneficial in diet- and/or Pg -induced atherosclerosis given its role in various cell functions and matrix remodeling. Methods and results ApoE± mice were inoculated weekly with Pg and treated with either Doxycycline or saline; animals were fed either a high-fat or chow diet. Animals were euthanized at 14 or 24 weeks and histomorphometric analysis of atheromatous lesions in proximal aorta, levels of SAA and serum cytokine profiling were performed. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that in non-infected mice fed a high fat diet, Doxycycline treatment resulted in a reduction of mean lesions from 10.5%±.49 to 1.09%±0.102 ( p p =0.106) at 24 weeks. Chow-fed Pg mice treated with Doxyclycline also resulted in a reduction from 0.62%±0.128 to 0.0%±0.0 ( p p Pg -inoculated resulted in a reduction of mean percentage of atheromatous lesions from 16.46%±1.69 to 1.141%±0.23 ( p p Pg- infected animals were reduced by five-fold and three-fold in Doxycycline-treated chow and high fat-diet groups, respectively. Cytokine antibody arrays revealed a marked reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Doxycycline-treated groups whether Pg -infected or fed a high fat diet while anti-inflammatory cytokines were not affected. Consistent with the role of Doxycycline on matrix proteases, at 24 weeks MMP-9 Serum levels were markedly reduced by 60% ( p p Pg -infected high fat and chow diet groups, respectively. Conclusions Doxycycline decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines and results in reduction of atherosclerosis in ApoE± Pg -inoculated and/or high fat diet fed mice.
Nitrogen and carbon isotope fractionation by two species of marine amphipods: Laboratory and field studies

Abstract The fractionation of the stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes between two species of marine amphipods and their food sources was investigated in both field and laboratory studies. The nitrogen isotope ratios showed a strong species effect. Amphithoe valida Smith grown in the laboratory averaged −0.3‰ relative to several food sources. Parhyale hawaiensis (Dana) was +2.3‰ relative to its diets. Animals from the field showed similar differences from the macrophytic algae on which they were found. The carbon isotope composition of both species averaged −0.7‰ relative to their diets. Laboratory animals fed fresh algae were slightly more negative than field animals or animals fed detrital algae.
Method development and validation of an in vitro model of the effects of methylphenidate on membrane-associated synaptic vesicles

Abstract In vivo methylphenidate (MPD) administration decreases vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2) immunoreactivity in membrane-associated vesicles isolated from the striata of treated rats while concurrently kinetically upregulating VMAT-2-mediated vesicular dopamine (DA) sequestration. The functional consequences of these MPD-induced effects include an increase in both vesicular DA content and exocytotic DA release. This report describes experiments designed to develop and validate an in vitro MPD model to further elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the effects of MPD on the VMAT-2 in membrane-associated vesicles. Method development experiments revealed that in vitro MPD incubation of striatal homogenates, but not striatal synaptosomes, increased DA transport velocities and decreased VMAT-2 immunoreactivity in membrane-associated vesicles. An incubation time of 30 min with a MPD concentration of 10 mM was optimal. Method validation experiments indicated that in vitro MPD incubation kinetically upregulated VMAT-2 in membrane-associated vesicles, increased vesicular DA content, and increased exocytotic DA release. These results reveal that the in vitro MPD incubation model successfully reproduced the salient features of in vivo MPD administration. This in vitro MPD incubation model may provide novel insights into the receptor-mediated mechanism(s) of action of in vivo MPD in the striatum as well as the physiological regulation of vesicular DA sequestration and synaptic transmission. Accordingly, this in vitro model may help to advance the treatment of disorders involving abnormal DA disposition including Parkinson's disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and substance abuse.
Botulinum toxin for the treatment of congenital entropion.

Abstract Purpose To describe a case of congenital entropion presenting with ulcerative keratitis that was successfully treated with a single injection of botulinum toxin. Design Interventional case report. Methods A 3-week-old female infant with a corneal ulcer of the left eye since birth presented for evaluation. She was found to have entropion of the left lower lid. The pretarsal orbicularis muscle was injected with 5 units of botulinum toxin. Results Four days after treatment, the entropion had resolved and the corneal epithelial defect had healed. There was no recurrence of the entropion 7 months after botulinum toxin injection. Conclusions Injection of botulinum toxin can effectively treat certain cases of congenital entropion.
Feature assimilation for vibration based damage detection

Structural health monitoring (SHM) technology for the early detection and mitigation of adverse structural effects, such as degradation or damage, is useful for enhancing the proactive maintenance of civil infrastructure. SHM techniques are advantageous because they eliminate the need for both a priori knowledge of the location of damage and access to the damaged portion of the structure. The underlying principle behind SHM involves measuring changes in a system’s vibration response, which ultimately indicate changes in physical properties due to structural damage. A challenge to the successful application of SHM to civil infrastructure is the selection of suitable vibration response features that are highly sensitive to the presence and extent of damage while also having low sensitivity to extraneous noise. This study reveals that both damage and the noise sensitivity of vibration response features vary for different states of structural health; therefore, the selection of optimum features is dependent on the damage severity, which is of course not known a priori. This study illustrates that assimilating multiple low-dimensional features lessens this dependence and improves the sensitivity of the damage indicators for SHM diagnosis.
Pancreatic lymphoepithelial cysts express CEA and can contain mucous cells: potential pitfalls in the preoperative diagnosis

Pancreatic lymphoepithelial cysts are rare benign cysts that cannot be reliably differentiated from neoplastic mucinous cysts preoperatively. Although elevated cyst fluid carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels support a diagnosis of a mucinous cyst, the finding of increased CEA levels in lymphoepithelial cysts prompted this study. Nine resected lymphoepithelial cysts were examined for expression of CEA, carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, CK7, p63, PAS-D and a panel of mucins. The pathology data were correlated with clinical information, including serum, cyst fluid and imaging studies. By computed tomography scan, although most lymphoepithelial cysts appeared cystic, 23% were described as masses. The endoscopic ultrasound findings were variable, but the lymphoepithelial cysts tended to be hypoechoic cystic lesions or masses. On cytology, 44% of the cysts had squamous cells, 67% had glandular cells and 56% had atypical cells. The cysts were resected because of size ≥3 cm (89%), symptoms (44%) and/or elevated cyst fluid CEA levels (33%). The cyst fluid CEA levels in the three cysts tested were >450 ng/ml. Histopathologically, all cysts were lined by mature, stratified squamous-type cells and produced keratin. Mucous cells were present in 78% of the cysts. The immunohistochemical profile of the squamous lining was CK7+, p63+, MUC1+, MUC4+, MUC2−, MUC5AC− and MUC6−. Even though lymphoepithelial cysts are lined by squamous-type epithelium, all our resected lymphoepithelial cysts expressed CEA and/or CA19-9, many contained mucous cells, and three exhibited markedly elevated cyst fluid CEA levels. Although cyst fluid CEA levels >200 ng/ml support the diagnosis of mucinous neoplasms, this study emphasizes the need for clinicians and pathologists to recognize that lymphoepithelial cysts can mimic neoplastic mucinous cysts clinically, radiographically and on cyst fluid CEA analysis.
Vasopressin administration in the first month of life: Effects on growth and water metabolism in hypothalamic diabetes insipidus rats

Abstract Rats homozygous for the mutant gene for diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain) are stunted in growth compared to rats heterozygous for the mutant gene and normal rats without the mutant gene. The hypothesis was tested that normal growth depends upon the presence of vasopressin. It was expected that replacement therapy of vasopressin to rats homozygous for diabetes insipidus would make possible a normal growth rate similar to that of rats heterozygous for diabetes insipidus. Rats heterozygous and homozygous for diabetes insipidus were treated with 0.25 U (Days 0–9) and 0.5 U (Days 10–29) of vasopressin during the first month of life. During the treatment period, vasopressin significantly increased the urine osmolalities of the homozygous rats demonstrating the renal effectiveness of the vasopressin. The results showed that remedial vasopressin administration could not produce normal growth rates in homozygous rats and may be detrimental. Six weeks following vasopressin treatment, homozygous, diabetis insipidus rats which had received vasopressin had increased 24 hr water intakes and decreased urine osmolalities compared to control, homozygous rats. Heterozygous rats also had decreased urine osmolalities resulting from vasopressin six weeks after the cessation of vasopressin treatment.
Negative magnetoresistance in a CuMn and an AuFe alloy

Abstract Measurements of the negative magnetoresistance of a Cu + 0.93 at.% Mn and an Au + 1.1 at.% Fe alloy are reported from 4.2K to 60K in fields up to 70kOe. The results are fitted to an expression given by Li and Paton and although the fit is good we suggest that the parameters needed for agreement are not acceptable and that the usefulness of the expression is in doubt.
1319 VITAMIN E DOES NOT PREVENT OXYGEN-INDUCED LUNG INJURY IN LAMBS

Lung microvascular permeability to protein increases in lambs that breathe 100% O2 for 3-5 days. We tried to prevent this injury by giving vitamin E to 6 lambs. After 4 h in air, the lambs breathed 100% O2 continuously. They received vitamin E, 20 mg/kg/d IM for 2 days before and throughout the study. To assess lung fluid filtration and microvascular permeability to protein, we measured pulmonary arterial (PA) and left atrial (LA) pressures, lung lymph flow, and concentrations of protein in lymph and plasma. Before and 3 days after starting O2, we gave 125I-albumin IV to 4 lambs and determined the time at which specific activity in lymph reached 1/2 that in plasma (T½). Results (X ± sx): *=per g dry lung underline=significant difference, p< .05 Despite a 10-fold increase in plasma tocopherol levels, lymph flow tripled, the concentration of protein in lymph increased, and T½ decreased. These results show that pulmonary microvascular permeability to protein increased during O2 breathing. All lambs died of respiratory failure within 4 days. Postmortem lung water was 25% greater than that of normal lambs, and lung histology showed extensive pulmonary edema. We conclude that vitamin E was ineffective in preventing or lessening lung injury from O2.
Progressive bulbar palsy.

SUMMARY Progressive bulbar palsy is very rare in childhood. A probable case diagnosed in Greece is presented. After a short review of the literature the clinical and laboratory findings are described. The main clinical features were progressive affection of the bulbar nuclei over one year without involvement of the long tracts. The laboratory findings practically excluded conditions with a similar clinical picture. No autopsy was performed, so the diagnosis remains unproved.
“Our Irish copper-farthen dean”: Swift's Drapier's letters, the “forging” of a modernist Anglo-Irish literature, and the Atlantic world of paper credit

Situating its analysis in the late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Anglophone Atlantic world of print, this essay explores literature associated with experiments with paper currency in Massachusetts, Barbados, South Carolina, and Ireland. These currencies not only helped form imagined local publics for these provinces, but also produced imaginary notions of sovereignty for provincial legislative assemblies and their subjects. It comments on Jurgen Habermas's argument that a free and rational “bourgeois public sphere” emerged in Britain in this period by showing how writers like Swift, in both his British and Irish pamphleteering, persuaded readers into believing that they were part of an inclusive sovereign public. The work of Swift in defeating monetary experiments of all kinds in Ireland, written on behalf of an Anglo-Irish ruling elite that was the only demographic for whom the term “the public” truly applied, mobilized more common Irish readers with patriotic rhetoric. Swift's Drapier's Lett...
Bone disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: prevalence, severity and prediction of progression

Abstract Background/Aims: Osteopenia is a common complication is some chronic cholestatic liver diseases. Our aims were to determine the prevalence and severity of bone disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis; and identify risk factors to predict the presence and progression of osteopenia. Methods: Eighty-one patients involved in a randomized trial of ursodeoxycholic acid were analyzed. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was determined at entry and at annual intervals. Results: Bone mineral density of the lumber spine in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients was significantly lower than expected when compared to normal values adjusted for age, sex and ethnic group at entry ( p p p p p −2 ·year −1 and 0.003±0.003 g·cm −2 · year −1 , respectively ( p +NS), and was similar in patients receiving placebo and ursodeoxycholic acid. Age was the only variable inversely related with baseline bone mineral density of the lumber spine ( p Conclusion : Severe osteoporosis occurs in few patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, but it should be suspected in patients with longer duration of inflammatory bowel disease and more advanced liver disease. Its presence, severity and progression cannot be accurately evaluated by routine clinical, biochemical, or historical variables. Ursodeoxycholic acid does not affect the rate of bone loss in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
On the kinetics of growth of highly defective GaN epilayers and the origin of the deep trap responsible for yellow-band luminescence

The kinetics of growth of GaN/(0001) sapphire heteroepitaxial films have been examined in the relatively low substrate temperature range, 560–640 °C, using the reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) specular reflection intensity monitoring technique. In particular, an alternate element exposure method of growth was employed in which Ga and N atoms were supplied separately (rather than simultaneously, as in conventional molecular beam epitaxy) to the substrate with the inclusion of a time delay between successive Ga flux and N flux exposures. We interpret the observed time dependent recovery of the RHEED specular reflection intensity during the time delay phases to be associated with Ga–N surface molecule migration on Ga-terminated surfaces and the activation energy for this migration process was determined to be 1.45±0.25 eV.
Pause Point Spectra in DNA Constant-Force Unzipping

Under constant applied force, the separation of double-stranded DNA into two single strands is known to proceed through a series of pauses and jumps. Given experimental traces of constant-force unzipping, we present a method whereby the locations of pause points can be extracted in the form of a pause point spectrum. A simple theoretical model of DNA constant-force unzipping is presented, which generates theoretical pause point spectra through Monte Carlo simulation of the unzipping process. The locations of peaks in the experimental and theoretical pause point spectra are found to be nearly coincident below 6000 basepairs for unzipping the bacteriophage l-genome. The model only requires the sequence, temperature, and a set of empirical basepair binding and stacking energy parameters, and the good agreement with experiment suggests that pause point locations are primarily determined by the DNA sequence. The model is also used to predict pause point spectra for the bacteriophage fX174 genome. The algorithm for extracting the pause point spectrum might also be useful for studying related systems which exhibit pausing behavior such as molecular motors.
Reactions of Nitrogen Oxides with the Five-Coordinate FeIII(porphyrin) Nitrito Intermediate Fe(Por)(ONO) in Sublimed Solids

Detailed experimental studies are described for reactions of several nitrogen oxides with iron porphyrin models for heme/NxOy systems. It is shown by FTIR and optical spectroscopy and by isotope labeling experiments that reaction of small increments of NO2 with sublimed thin layers of the iron(II) complex Fe(Por) (Por = meso-tetraphenylporphyrinato dianion, TPP, or meso-tetra-p-tolylporphyrinato dianion, TTP) leads to formation of the 5-coordinate nitrito complexes Fe(Por)(eta1-ONO) (1), which are fairly stable but very slowly decompose under vacuum giving mostly the corresponding nitrosyl complexes Fe(Por)(NO). Further reaction of 1 with new NO2 increments leads to formation of the nitrato complex Fe(Por)(eta2-O2NO) (2). The interaction of NO with 1 at low temperature involves ligand addition to give the nitrito-nitrosyl complexes Fe(Por)(eta1-ONO)(NO) (3); however, these isomerize to the nitro-nitrosyl analogs Fe(Por)(eta1-NO2)(NO) (4) upon warming. Experiments with labeled nitrogen oxides argue for an intramolecular isomerization ("flipping") mechanism rather than one involving dissociation and rebinding of NO2. The Fe(III) centers in the 6-coordinate species 3 and 4 are low spin in contrast to 1, which appears to be high-spin, although DFT computations of the porphinato models Fe(P)(nitrite) suggest that the doublet nitro species and the quartet and sextet nitrito complexes are all relatively close in energy. The nitro-nitrosyl complex 4 is stable under an NO atmosphere but decomposes under intense pumping to give a mixture of the ferrous nitrosyl complex Fe(Por)(NO) and the ferric nitrito complex Fe(Por)(eta1-ONO) indicating the competitive dissociation of NO and NO2. Hence, loss of NO from 4 is accompanied with nitro --> nitrito isomerization consistent with 1 being the more stable of the 5-coordinate NO2 complexes of iron porphyrins.
Monte Carlo Study of Correlations in Quantum Spin Ladders.

We study antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 Heisenberg ladders, comprised of {ital n}{sub {ital c}} chains (2{le}{ital n}{sub {ital c}}{le}6) with ratio {ital J}{sub {perpendicular}}/{ital J}{sub {parallel}} of interchain to intrachain couplings. The correlation length {xi}({ital T}) is deduced from measurements of the correlation function. For even {ital n}{sub {ital c}}, the static structure factor exhibits a peak at a temperature below the corresponding spin gap. Results for isotropically coupled ladders ({ital J}{sub {perpendicular}}/{ital J}{sub {parallel}}=1) are compared to those for the single chain and the square lattice. For {ital J}{sub {perpendicular}}/{ital J}{sub {parallel}}{le}0.5, the correlation function of the two-chain ladder is in excellent agreement with analytic results from conformal field theory, and {xi}({ital T}) exhibits simple scaling behavior. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Ideology and interests in congressional voting: The politics of abortion in the U.S. Senate

Many studies suggest that personal ideology accounts for much more of congressional voting behavior than does attention to the desires of the electorate. There are two main explanations given for this seemingly robust conclusion: 1) poor measures of constituency preferences compared to those for ideology or behavior, and 2) representatives “shirk” on an inattentive electorate. We argue that existing studies have been biased against the “interest” explanation by ignoring the structure of American Congressional elections, in particular the party primary process. Correcting for the party primary effect, we show, within the context of abortion politics, that constituency interests possess greater explanatory power than previous models would suggest.
Educational Mismatches and Entry into Entrepreneurship

In this study educational mismatches among scientists and engineers are examined. I define an educational mismatch as the existence of discrepancies between the skills acquired in formal training and those used in a current job. I complement prior research on mismatching by using the NSF’s longitudinal Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT) to analyze the reasons scientists and engineers report for being mismatched, in order to distinguish between those who voluntarily choose to be mismatched for reasons such as advancements in career, work conditions, and salary opportunities versus those who are forced into a mismatch because no jobs were available in their educational field. In the first set of analyses, the consequences of an educational mismatch are studied. I find that those who are mismatched receive lower salaries and have lower job satisfaction rates than those who are matched but are engaged in a broader set of work activities, especially non R&D activities. In a second set of...
Leadership vs. Managership

Controversy does little to promote management's understanding of its role in supervising people. Those who are or would be managers need to be flexible and adaptable, and understand that though much is known about management and leadership, laws have not been developed; principles have exceptions, theories have gaps, and the hypotheses are probabilistic.
Electronic Effects on Reductive Elimination To Form Carbon−Carbon and Carbon−Heteroatom Bonds from Palladium(II) Complexes

The electronic properties of reactive and ancillary ligands have a large impact on the rate and scope of reductive elimination reactions. The purpose of this review is to compare and discuss published data on the effect of ligand electronic properties on the rates and scope of reductive eliminations from palladium(II). An understanding of these effects is important because reductive elimination from palladium(II) is the product-forming step of a variety of catalytic processes. The scope of this review will encompass the effect of the electron-donating abilities of alkyl, aryl, amido, alkoxo, thiolato, and phosphido groups on the rate of reductive elimination, the relative importance of inductive and resonance effects on the rate of reductive elimination, the relative sensitivity of the different classes of reductive eliminations to electronic perturbations, and the effect of the differences in electronic properties between the two aryl groups of biaryl complexes undergoing reductive elimination. In addition, this review will include the effects of electronic properties of the ancillary ligands on the rate of reductive eliminations from palladium(II). The effect of the overall electron-donating ability of ancillary ligands and the effect of the relative orientation of ancillary ligands to the two reactive ligands on the rate of reductive elimination will be discussed. Where appropriate, electronic effects on reductive elimination from complexes of other metals are described.
Like parent, like child: intergenerational transmission of partner violence in Cebu, the Philippines.

Purpose: This study investigates the prevalence of partner violence perpetration and receipt among a sample of young men and women in the Philippines, as well as the relationship between witnessing interparental violence during childhood and current violence in partnerships. Methods: We used 1994, 2002, and 2005 data from 472 married or cohabiting young adults from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey in Cebu, the Philippines. This is a longitudinal data set following more than 2000 Filipino women and their index children since the child’s birth in 1983– 1984. Results: Prevalence of partner violence perpetration was 55.8% for female and 25.1% for male respondents. Prevalence of victimization was 27.7% for females and 30.5% for males. In all, 45% of females and 50% of males reported having witnessed their parents/caretakers physically hurt one another during childhood. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that witnessing interparental violence significantly predicted report of violent act victimization and reciprocal violent acts. Greater parental joint decision making and being male were independently associated with a lower risk of report of both reciprocal violent acts and violent act victimization. Duration of marriage or cohabition was associated with report of violent act victimization and reciprocal violent acts. There were gender interaction effects for several factors, including mother’s church attendance and household purchase of alcohol at age 11 years. Conclusions: Implications for further research and violence prevention programs include early intervention with adolescents and focus on gender differences in violence determinants. 2009 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved.
Ectopic production of somatostatin-like immuno- and bioactivity by cultured human pulmonary small cell carcinoma.

Eleven continuous cultures of human pulmonary small cell carcinoma cells were examined, and eight were shown to secrete quantities of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SRIF-LI) ranging from 0.07–27 ng/ml culture medium/4 days. SRIF-LI was also found in a 2-N acetic acid extract of one of three human pulmonary small cell carcinomas obtained at autopsy as well as in the extract of a solid tumor resulting from inoculation of nude, athymic mice with SRIF-LI-producing, cultured small cell carcinoma cells. The SRIF-LI produced by one continuous cell line, DMS 53, was characterized in terms of its immunological, chromatographic, and biological properties. SRIF-LI from DMS 53 culture media and lysed cells was heat stable and exhibited parallel displacement to synthetic SRIF standard in a double antibody RIA. DMS 53 SRIF-LI was quantitatively retained on an immunoaffinity column of sheep anti-SRIF-Sepharose 4B under neutral conditions and could be eluted with 2 N acetic acid. Gel filtration chromatography of imm...
Pretreatment with a single estradiol-17β bolus activates cyclic-AMP response element binding protein and protects CA1 neurons against global cerebral ischemia

Estradiol-17β is released from the ovaries in a cyclic manner during the normal estrous cycle in rats. During the transition from the diestrous to proestrous stage, the 17β-estradiol increases in blood circulation. We hypothesized that a higher serum level of endogenous 17β-estradiol would protect hippocampal pyramidal neurons against global cerebral ischemia via activation of the cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB)–mediated signaling cascade. Furthermore, we asked if a single 17β-estradiol bolus provides protection against ischemia in the absence of endogenous estradiol. To test these hypotheses, rats were subjected to global cerebral ischemia at different stages of the estrous cycle. Ischemia was produced by bilateral carotid occlusion and systemic hypotension. Brains were examined for histopathology at 7 days of reperfusion. Higher serum levels of 17β-estradiol (at proestrus and estrus stages) correlated with increased immunoreactivity of pCREB in hippocampus and ischemic tolerance. At diestrus, when circulating gonadal hormone concentrations were lowest, the pCREB protein content of hippocampus was reduced and showed the least number of normal neurons after ischemia compared to other stages of the estrous cycle. A similar phosphorylation pattern was also observed for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and calcium–calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) in hippocampus. The cyclic variation in ovarian hormones did not reflect phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt). To test the efficacy of a single bolus of 17β-estradiol before ischemia, ovariectomized rats were treated with 17β-estradiol (5/10/50 µg/kg) or vehicle (oil) and 48/72/96 h later rats were exposed to cerebral ischemia. A single 17β-estradiol bolus treatment in ovariectomized rats significantly increased CREB mRNA activation and protected CA1 pyramidal neurons against ischemia. These results suggest that an exogenous bolus of 17β-estradiol to ovariectomized rats protects hippocampus against ischemia via activation of the CREB pathway in a manner similar to the endogenous estrous cycle.
Exceptional service during and after deep serial cuts

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how Olin Library has maintained exceptional service to its users before, during and after a periodicals review resulting in deep subscription cuts.Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of a review of activities at the Library during a time of financial restraints.Findings – Although Olin's cancellation project is not entirely completed, there is sufficient anecdotal evidence that the exceptional service has not deteriorated. At some point, soon after the cancellations are in place, a survey should be initiated to confirm this assumption about exceptional service.Practical implications – Several guidelines are presented and discussed that may be useful for other libraries faced with having to make tough periodicals decisions after being directed to cut budgets by their administrations.Originality/value – The paper provides guidelines that should greatly benefit librarians in facilitating a periodicals review and the resulting cuts during diffi...
Wittgenstein and the social context of an individual life

This article argues that two significant implications of Wittgenstein’s writings for social thought are (1) that people are constitutively social beings and (2) that the social context of an indivi...
Helium diffusion and (U–Th)/He thermochronometry of titanite

We have explored the diffusivity characteristics of radiogenic He in titanite (sphene) and have developed analytical techniques for (U–Th)/He dating of this mineral. Results of incremental He outgassing experiments performed on titanites from a variety of geological environments suggest a thermally activated volume diffusion mechanism with an activation energy of 44.6 ± 3.4 (2σ) kcal/mol and a frequency factor of ∼60 cm^2/s. Diffusivity is highly linearly correlated with the inverse square of the grain size, indicating that the He diffusion domain in titanite is the crystal itself. For typical titanite grains of 200- to 800-μm minimum dimension, the He closure temperature is in the range 191 to 218°C (for a cooling rate of 10°C/Myr). There is no indication in the titanites we studied that radiation damage plays a major role in He diffusion. (U–Th)/He ages of titanites from quickly cooled rocks yield ages (with ∼5–8% 1σ reproducibility) that are concordant with known ages, and (U-Th)/He ages of titanites from slowly cooled rocks are consistent with independently established cooling paths, supporting the closure temperature estimates. These experiments suggest that titanite (U–Th)/He ages may be useful for constraining cooling histories at temperatures near the lower limit of those accessed by feldspar ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar dating but higher than apatite fission track or (U-Th)/He dating.
Scaling relations for heating during gliding entry at parabolic speed

The scaling relations presently derived illustrate the influence of ballistic coefficient and L/D primary vehicle parameters on the peak heating rate and total heating/unit area for gliding entry of the earth atmosphere at parabolic speed. Comparisons with stagnation-point and windward centerline laminar and turbulent heating during three Space Shuttle flights are presented. It is found that total heat input/unit area is reduced by decreasing both of the primary vehicle parameters.
Pseudo-Runge-Kutta Methods Involving Two Points

A third order two step method and a fourth order two step method for the numerical solution of the vector initial value problem dy ÷ dx=F(y), y(a) = n can be defined by making evaluations of F similar to those found in a classical Runge-Kutta formula. These two step methods are different from classical Runge-Kutta methods in that evaluations of F made at the previous point are used along with those made at the current point in order to obtain the solution at the next point. If the stepsize is fixed, this use of previous computations makes it possible to obtain the solution at the next point by evaluating F two or three times for the third or fourth order method, respectively.These methods are consistent with the initial value problem and are shown to be convergent with its unique solution under certain restrictions. The local truncation error terms are given. Finally, a few numerical results are presented.
The relations among maternal depression, maternal criticism, and Adolescents' externalizing and internalizing symptoms

This study examined the relations between maternal criticism and externalizing and internalizing symptoms in adolescents who varied in their risk for psychopathology. Both maternal-effects and child-effects models were examined. The sample consisted of 194 adolescents (mean age = 11.8 years) and their mothers; 146 mothers had a history of depressive disorders and 48 did not. When adolescents were in 6th and 8th grade, maternal criticism was measured with the five-minute speech sample and adolescents' symptoms were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist. Maternal criticism was significantly associated with both adolescents' externalizing and internalizing symptoms, beyond the contribution of the chronicity/severity of mothers' depression history. Maternal criticism did not mediate the relation between maternal depression and adolescent symptoms. In contrast, adolescent externalizing behaviors mediated the relation between chronicity/severity of maternal depression history and maternal criticism in 6th grade. Prospective analyses showed that adolescents' externalizing symptoms in 6th grade significantly predicted maternal criticism in 8th grade, controlling for maternal depression history and prior maternal criticism. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of examining child-effects models in studies of maternal criticism.