cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adenosine A2A and A2B receptors mediated nitric oxide production in coronary artery endothelial cells

The present study further examined the functional presence and the signal transduction mechanism(s) for adenosine A(2A) and A(2B) receptors through nitric oxide (NO) and the guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in cultured porcine coronary artery endothelial cells (PCAEC). The application of adenosine receptor agonists, NECA, CGS-21680 and CAD between 10(-7) and 10(-4) M, enhanced the production of NO (measured as nitrite) in a dose-dependent manner. On the basis of EC(50) values, these agonists showed the following order of potency: NECA>CGS-21680>CAD. This order appears to be of the A(2) adenosine receptor subtype. Similarly, the same concentrations of adenosine agonists evoked the production of cGMP in a dose-dependent manner, exhibiting a rank order that is similar to that of NO production. NO synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME, 10(-5) M), inhibited the production of NO and cGMP, which was reversed by L-arginine (10(-4) M). Selective A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists, ZM-241385 and SCH-58261, at 10(-7) M, significantly inhibited the effects of CGS-21680, but only partly inhibited the effect of NECA on NO and cGMP production. Along with the earlier molecular evidence from this laboratory [Am. J. Physiol. 279 (2000) H650], the present data further support the presence of both A(2A) and A(2B) receptors in PCAEC. These results further support that coronary endothelial cells express functional A(2A) and A(2B) adenosine receptors, leading to GMP production through the NO-synthase-linked mechanism. This is the first direct evidence where an A(2B) adenosine receptor has been linked to NO production in cultured endothelial cells and could play a role in coronary artery physiology and pathophysiology.
COMMENT ON ''PERTURBATIONS IN THE IONOSPHERE CAUSED BY A MOVING BODY

T present author would like to comment on Ref. 1, in which the problem concerns a spherically shaped body which is penetrating a region of low density. In part one, titled "Density of Neutral Particles," it is desired to determine how particles fill the region behind the body when all collisions are neglected. It is argued that the body cross section in the plane orthogonal to the incident flux is the geometrical characteristic of primary importance. Thus, a disk of radius EQ (lying in the plane z = 0) is substituted for the sphere. The procedure is to find a steady state solution for the distribution function/ by solving the Boltzmann equation in a coordinate system affixed to the disk (Fig. 1). However the Boltzmann equation (without the collision term) in cylindrical coordinates r,d,z, is incorrectly given as (Eq.7):
`Diversity' as enacted in US immigration politics and law: a corpus-based approach

As a national institution, the law is held to be above prejudice and bias (Gibbons, 1994). However, in recent years, as public awareness of `homeland security' has been heightened and borders have been tightened, the laws regarding immigration have come under close scrutiny. This article explores the language of immigration laws that target the notion of `diversity' and the political contexts in which those laws were created. More specifically, it addresses the following questions: Is there prejudice or bias in US immigration laws? If so, from where do those negative ideologies arise? And, finally, what does `diversity' actually mean in the context of US immigration? This analysis, which utilizes the tools of corpus and appraisal analysis, shows how contradictory positions surrounding the ideology of diversity exist within seemingly positive political discourses and demonstrates how those underlying judgements about diversity interact with and shape the very language of the laws that ensue.
Measurement of the temperature of Venus at a wavelength of 3.75 cm for a full cycle of planetary phase angles

Abstract Observations of Venus have been made at a wavelength of 3.75 cm with the 85-ft radio telescope at the University of Michigan. The observations span a full cycle of planetary phase angle in order to determine the dependence of temperature on phase angle. The results give a mean temperature of 646°K and suggest a variation of temperature with solar illumination.
Correlates of human papillomavirus vaccine coverage: a state-level analysis.

BackgroundWe tested the hypothesis that states with higher rates of cancers associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) would have lower HPV vaccine coverage.MethodsWe gathered state-level data on HPV-related cancer rates and HPV vaccine initiation coverage for girls and boys, separately, and HPV vac
Household Task Delegation among High-Fertility Forager-Horticulturalists of Lowland Bolivia.

Human kin cooperation is universal, leading researchers to label humans as “cooperative breeders.” Despite widespread interest in human cooperation, there has been no systematic study of how household economic decision making occurs. We document age and sex profiles of task delegation by parents to children ages 4–18 among Bolivian forager-horticulturalists. We test for sex differences in the probability of delegation and examine whether tasks are more likely delegated as household labor demand increases. We also test whether food acquisition tasks are more likely delegated to higher producers. We find mixed support for the prediction that girls are more likely delegated domestic and alloparenting tasks than boys ( children). Both sexes are more likely delegated tasks during rice harvest months; number of coresident young children is also associated with greater probability of delegated allocare, although the effect retains significance for girls only. For both sexes, father absence is associated with gre...
MOORE, THE SKEPTIC, AND THE PHILOSOPHICAL CONTEXT*

Abstract: I argue that Moore's arguments have anti-skeptical force even though they beg the question against skepticism because they target the skeptic rather than skepticism directly. Moore offers two arguments which are usually conflated by his interpreters, namely, his proof of an external world and a reductio argument. I explain why the anti-skeptical force of the latter has to be derived from that of the former. I consider an objection to Moore that is based on distinguishing between the everyday and the philosophical contexts. I argue that the objection fails even on the most plausible understanding of the distinction.
Singularities in the complex physical plane for deep water waves

Deep water waves in two-dimensional flow can have curvature singularities on the surface profile; for example, the limiting Stokes wave has a corner of radians and the limiting standing wave momentarily forms a corner of radians. Much less is known about the possible formation of curvature singularities in general. A novel way of exploring this possibility is to consider the curvature as a complex function of the complex arclength variable and to seek the existence and nature of any singularities in the complex arclength plane. Highly accurate boundary integral methods produce a Fourier spectrum of the curvature that allows the identification of the nearest singularity to the real axis of the complex arclength plane. This singularity is in general a pole singularity that moves about the complex arclength plane. It approaches the real axis very closely when waves break and is associated with the high curvature at the tip of the breaking wave. The behaviour of these singularities is more complex for standing waves, where two singularities can be identified that may collide and separate. One of them approaches the real axis very closely when a standing wave forms a very narrow collapsing column of water almost under free fall. In studies so far, no singularity reaches the real axis in finite time. On the other hand, the surface elevation has square-root singularities in the complex plane that do reach the real axis in finite time, the moment when a wave first starts to break. These singularities have a profound effect on the wave spectra.
Limbic thalamus in rabbit: architecture, projections to cingulate cortex and distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine, GABAA, and opioid receptors.

Nuclei of the thalamus that project to cingulate cortex have been implicated in responses to noxious stimuli, cholinergic and motor functions. The rabbit limbic thalamus may play an important role in these functions, but has not been studied extensively in terms of its cytoarchitecture, the topographical organization of its cortical projections, and differential transmitter regulation of its subnuclei. Therefore, the architecture, projections to cingulate cortex, and radioligand binding were investigated in the anterior, ventral, lateral, and midline nuclei of rabbit thalamus. The anterior nuclei are highly differentiated because both the dorsal and ventral nuclei have parvicellular and magnocellular divisions. Fluorescent dyes were injected into cingulate cortex to evaluate limbic thalamocortical connections. The anterior medial, submedial, and parafascicular nuclei project primarily to anterior cingulate cortex, while they have small or no projections to posterior areas. The ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei have a significant projection to dorsal cingulate cortex, including areas 24b and 29d. Projections of the anterior ventral nucleus are topographically organized, since medial parts of the parvicellular division project to rostral area 29, and lateral parts project to caudal area 29. The lateral nuclei and the parvicellular and magnocellular divisions of the anterior dorsal nucleus project with progressively higher densities in the rostrocaudal plane of area 29. Finally, the magnocellular division of the anterior ventral nucleus projects almost exclusively to caudal and ventral area 29, i.e., granular retrosplenial cortex. Ligand binding studies employed coverslip autoradiography and single grain counting techniques. Muscarinic receptor binding was moderate for both pirenzepine and oxotremorine-M in the parvicellular anterior ventral nucleus, while in other nuclei, there was an inverse relationship in the binding for these ligands. Most notably, the anterior dorsal nucleus, which receives no cholinergic input, had very high oxotremorine-M and low pirenzepine binding, while the anterior medial nucleus, which receives a moderate cholinergic input, had the highest pirenzepine binding and very low oxotremorine-M binding. Muscimol binding to GABAA receptors was highest in the anterior ventral nucleus, while it was at moderate levels in the anterior dorsal and lateral nuclei. The binding of Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol to mu opioid receptors and 2-D-penicillamine-5-D-penicillamine-enkephalin to delta opioid receptors were both high in the parvicellular and low in the magnocellular divisions of the anterior dorsal nucleus. The magnocellular division of the anterior ventral, the lateral dorsal, and the parafascicular nuclei had high mu opioid binding, while the lateral dorsal and lateral magnocellular nuclei had low levels of delta opioid binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Social grooming in the common vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus

Grooming patterns among 65 common vampire bats in hollow tree day roosts were studied by behavioural sampling techniques during a 15-month period. Self-grooming occurred more than social grooming in response to ectoparasites since the proportion of time spent self-grooming and the amount of ectoparasite infestation covaried positively among tree roosts, while the time spent grooming others was independent of roost and ectoparasite level. Rates of social grooming were not independent of the sex of participants due to infrequent social grooming by adult males. Two variables, the level of relatedness and a measure of roosting association, which previously were shown to predict food sharing by regurgitation, correlated positively with the rate of social grooming. Since social grooming occurred more often than expected before a regurgitation and correlated with regurgitation frequency, it is suggested that this behaviour facilitates identification of food sharing partners by enabling a grooming bat to monitor other animals' potential for giving or receiving blood. The functional significance of social grooming (licking, nibbling or picking at the fur ofa conspeci- tic) has yet to be unequivocally demonstrated in any species. If one assumes that social grooming costs a donor time that could have been allocated to self-maintenance or feeding but benefits a reci- pient either by removing ectoparasites (Freeland 1976), by helping to heal wounds (Simonds 1965), or by increasing the likelihood of support in an aggressive dispute (Seyfarth 1977, 1980, 1983; de Waal 1982), then either kin selection (Kurland 1977; Silk 1982) or reciprocity (Seyfarth & Cheney 1984) must be invoked to explain the occurrence of this behaviour. However, Dunbar & Sharman (1984) reviewed 40 baboon studies which measured the amount of time spent feeding, resting and social grooming and failed to find the expected negative relationship between time spent feeding and time spent social grooming. Instead, they discovered that the time allotted to ~social grooming was conserved. During periods of food shortage, rest- ing time decreased to permit extended feeding periods. Consequently, at present there is no evidence that social grooming costs a donor by decreasing its reproductive success or survival. Furthermore, although some primates groom conspecifics in locations that are hard to reach (Hutchins & Barash 1976) and around recent wounds (Simonds 1965), there is little evidence to demonstrate that social grooming directly benefits a recipient by enhancing its survival or reproduc-
Cytoplasmic hGle1A regulates stress granules by modulation of translation

When eukaryotic cells respond to stress, gene expression pathways change to selectively export and translate subsets of mRNAs. Translationally repressed mRNAs accumulate in cytoplasmic foci known as stress granules (SGs). SGs are in dynamic equilibrium with the translational machinery, but mechanisms controlling this are unclear. Gle1 is required for DEAD-box protein function during mRNA export and translation. We document that human Gle1 (hGle1) is a critical regulator of translation during stress. hGle1 is recruited to SGs, and hGLE1 small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown perturbs SG assembly, resulting in increased numbers of smaller SGs. The rate of SG disassembly is also delayed. Furthermore, SG hGle1-depletion defects correlate with translation perturbations, and the hGle1 role in SGs is independent of mRNA export. Interestingly, we observe isoform-specific roles for hGle1 in which SG function requires hGle1A, whereas mRNA export requires hGle1B. We find that the SG defects in hGle1-depleted cells are rescued by puromycin or DDX3 expression. Together with recent links of hGLE1 mutations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, these results uncover a paradigm for hGle1A modulating the balance between translation and SGs during stress and disease.
A case of the higher-level classification of praying mantises (Mantodea) obscuring the synonymy of Majangella Giglio-Tos, 1915 (Liturgusidae, Liturgusinae) and Ephippiomantis Werner, 1922 (Hymenopodidae, Acromantinae)

The praying mantis genus Majangella Giglio-Tos, 1915 is taxonomically treated with a re-description of the genus and the two included species, M. moultoni Giglio-Tos, 1915 and M. carli Giglio-Tos, 1915. The genus Ephippiomantis Werner, 1922 is newly determined to be the junior synonym of Majangella Giglio-Tos, 1915 based on morphology. The species for which the genus name Ephippiomantis was erected, E. ophirensis Werner, 1922, is re-described and now included within Majangella. This synonymy was determined herein as the direct result of erroneous higher-level placement of Majangella within the Majanginae by Giglio-Tos and was not recognized even after the genus was moved to within Liturgusidae. Action is now taken to move Majangella from within Liturgusidae to within the Hymenopodidae subfamily of Acromantinae, which is supported by morphological and molecular data. A key to the three species is provided along with habitus images, images of the head, pronotum, and foreleg, and illustrations of the male genitalia. Species distributions are presented and locality coordinates are provided in print as well as being available for download as a KML file viewable in Google Earth.
The generalizability of the dependence syndrome across substances: an examination of some properties of the proposed DSM‐IV dependence criteria

DSM-III-R and proposed DSM-IV schemes for the diagnosis of psychoactive substance use disorders art-based largely mi the dependence syndrome concept. However there is an absence of empirical support for the generalizability of the dependence syndrome across substances, flits study examines how consistently proposed DSM-IV dependence criteria function to measure dependence across seven substances: alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, stimulants, hallucinogens, sedatives and opiates. Using structured research diagnostic interviews, dependence diagnoses were determined for 295 American subjects in treatment for alcohol/drug problems. Several factor analytic techniques were used la assess whether criteria fanned single dimensions and ham consistently individual criteria measured dependence across substances. The ability and consistency of criteria to measure a continuum of severity across substances were also assessed. Only subjects who used the substance at least six times were entered in the analyses. Overall, results provide strong support fur the DSM approach for alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, stimulants, sedatives and opiates, but not for hallucinogens. Results indicate that a single strong factor adequately described the criteria for these six substances. All criteria loaded strongly and uniformly on single factors indicating that all litre good measures of dependence. Criteria provided a dimensional measure of severity based on several indices for these substances. In addition, four criteria provided relatively stable indicators of high or tow severity across these substances. Results did not support the use of dependence criteria for Hallucinogens as these criteria did not form a single factor. Results suggest that very few hallucinogen users experience an inability to cut down or control use, a key indicator of loss of control.
Ketamine Administration During the Second Postnatal Week Alters Synaptic Properties of Fast-Spiking Interneurons in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Adult Mice

The N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-hypofunction theory of schizophrenia suggests that schizophrenia is associated with a loss of NMDA receptors, specifically on corticolimbic parvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic interneurons, leading to disinhibition of pyramidal cells and cortical desynchronization. However, the presumed changes in glutamatergic inputs onto PV interneurons have not been tested directly. We treated mice with the NMDAR antagonist ketamine during the second postnatal week and investigated persistent cellular changes in the adult medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and immunohistochemistry. Parvalbumin expression in the mPFC was reduced in ketamine-treated (KET) mice, and γ-aminobutyric acid release onto pyramidal cells was reduced in layers 2/3, but not layer 5. Consistent with pyramidal cell disinhibition the frequency of spontaneous glutamatergic inputs onto PV cells was also increased in KET mice. Furthermore, developmental ketamine treatment resulted in an increased NMDA:AMPA ratio in evoked synaptic currents and larger amplitudes of spontaneous NMDAR currents, indicating a homeostatic upregulation of NMDARs in PV interneurons. This upregulation was specific to NR2B subunits, without concomitant alterations in currents through NR2A subunits. These changes altered synaptic integration at PV cells during trains of excitatory postsynaptic potentials. These changes likely impact synaptic coincidence detection and impair cortical network function in the NMDAR antagonism model of schizophrenia.
Introduction to thematic issue: language policies and health

Lang Policy (2010) 9:1–7 DOI 10.1007/s10993-009-9154-7 Introduction to thematic issue: language policies and health Vaidehi Ramanathan Published online: 23 October 2009 O The Author(s) 2009. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Where do our disciplinary concepts come from? What are the processes by which they begin to garner particular associations and take root? In what ways do policies—understood most broadly in a variety of spaces in our world—enforce and thicken associations (and by extension inequities) and why is it important that we, applied linguists, seek contexts whereby our default understandings of concepts and their terms are challenged? These questions form the backdrop against which the present localized discussions of the terms ‘language’, ‘policy’ and ‘health’ are discussed and which frame this thematic issue of Language Policy. The term ‘language policy’ has typically been thought of as ‘rules’ or ‘mandates’ about language use—its governance, maintenance, reproduction—at a variety of state, national and family levels (Schiffman 1996; Spolsky 2004; McCarty 2002, 2005; Wiley 2004; Wiley and Wright 2004; Ricento 2006; King and Fogle 2006), and as institutionalized mandates in contexts such as testing (Shohamy 2001, 2006; McNamara 2000; McNamara and Roever 2009). It has only been in recent years that local enactments of and around policies has begun to gain attention (c.f. Hornberger and Johnson 2007; King 2001; King et al. 2008; McCarty 2005; Ramanathan 2005). In the ESL context, Bhattacharya et al. (2007), for instance, write of the policy- practice nexus in English-language lessons in Delhi, Johannesburg, and London, while Diane Dudzik (2007) speaks of the effects of language policies around curricular reform in postcolonial Djibouti. Situated in Wales, Baker (2003) writes about transliteracy in the Welsh national curriculum, while Clarke (2007) describes policy issues around language teacher education in the United Arab Emirates. This shift in attention to the more grounded and lived realities of language policies is not as ordinary and commonplace as ﬁrst it might appear, since it casts ﬂoodlights on engagements—on how humans, programs, institutions, states, nations negotiate V. Ramanathan (&) Linguistics Department, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA e-mail: vaidehi.ramanathan@gmail.com
Comparison of aortic root diameter to left ventricular outflow diameter versus body surface area in patients with marfan syndrome.

Aortic root dilation is important in the diagnosis of familial aortic syndromes, such as Marfan syndrome, and an important risk factor for aortic complications, such as dissection or rupture. Transthoracic echocardiography reliably measures the absolute aortic root size; however, the degree of abnormality of the measurement requires correction for the expected normal aortic root size for each patient. The expected normal size is currently predicted according to the body surface area (BSA) and age. However, the correlation between root size and BSA is imperfect, particularly for older patients. A potential exists to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with aortic disease, with an improved estimation of normal aortic root size. A reference size derived from within the cardiovascular system has been hypothesized to provide a more direct correlation with the aortic root size. Images from the Stanford echocardiography database were reviewed, and measurements of the aortic root and internal dimensions were performed in a control cohort (n = 150). The measurements were repeated in adult patients with Marfan syndrome (n = 70) on serial echocardiograms (145 total studies reviewed). Of the 150 control patients, excellent correlation was found between the aortic root and left ventricular outflow tract diameters, r 2 = 0.67, and r 2 = 0.34 with BSA (p
Effect of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide on Photorespiratory Flux Determined from Glycine Accumulation in a Mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana

Exposure to atmospheric conditions which promote photorespiration strongly inhibits photosynthesis in a mutant of Arabidopsis lacking mitochondrial serine transhydroxymethylase activity, and glycine accumulates as a stable end-product of photorespiratory carbon and nitrogen flow. By providing exogenous serine and ammonia to leaves of the mutant, wild-type photosynthesis rates can be temporarily maintained in the absence of photorespiratory C02 evolution. In these circumstances, the rate of glycine accumulation provides a direct measure of photorespiratory flux which is not complicated by the efflux and refixation of photorespired C02, the dilution of radioactive label by endogenous metabolic pools, or non-specific effects of metabolic inhibitors. At the standard atmospheric concentration of C02, the rate of glycine accumulation in the mutant was proportional to the oxygen concentration, amounting to 53% of the rate of gross CO,-fixation at 21% 02. At normal levels of 02, glycine accumulation was maximal at about 475 p\ C021"\ and was reduced at higher or lower C02 concentrations, being almost abolished at 3000 //I C021"1. These observations are discussed in the context of a model of photorespiration based on the properties of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, and in relation to the results of previous attempts to measure photorespiration. Preliminary evidence from 14C02-labelling experiments which suggests a non-photorespiratory pathway of serine synthesis is also presented.
Kinetic behavior in altered clinical states: approach to objective analysis of motor behavior during clinical interviews.

This paper presents a scheme, derived both rationally and empirically, for the analysis of body movements occurring spontaneously in psychotherapeutic interviews. Focussing on hand movements, a dis...
UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS AND THE WELFARE STATE: THE CASE OF REGIONAL MIGRATION AND U.S. AGRICULTURAL LABOR

A common perception is that immigrants, including illegal immigrants, use disproportionate public aid and select locations based on characteristics of services offered. This paper asks to what extent geographic clustering of undocumented immigrant agricultural laborers in the U.S. is correlated with take-up of public aid broadly defined. Evidence from a nationally representative farmworker survey does not support welfare migration for undocumented immigrants, who have been previously unidentifiable in the literature. The paper, therefore, challenges existing notions of welfare migration by illegal immigrants that have inspired state-level public policy initiatives.
Candida albicans tenosynovitis of the hand

Invasive fungal infections of the hand are extremely rare and usually require an immunocompromised host. We report the first known case of Candida albicans tenosynovitis of the hand presenting as a mass in a boy with Buckley's immunodeficiency. Treatment was successful after radical synovectomy of both the flexor and extensor aspects of the hand after he failed to respond to combined amphotericin B and 5-fluorouracil therapy. Fungal tenosynovitis should be considered when swelling and decreased range of motion occur in the hands or digits of an immunocompromised host, especially if pain is not a prominent symptom.
Mediating links between maternal depression and offspring psychopathology: The importance of independent data

Background: Research examining intergenerational transmission of psychopathology is often limited by reliance on the same individuals for information on multiple constructs of interest. To counteract this limitation, data from a prospective, longitudinal study of at-risk youth were analyzed to test the hypothesis that parenting and family environmental factors mediate the association between maternal depressive symptoms and offspring psychopathology in late adolescence. Method: Data were taken from 184 families of the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Measures included the CES-D and Beck depression inventories, home environment ratings and a family conflict scale, and CBCL behavior problem checklist and K-SADS psychiatric symptom scores. Regression analyses were conducted to test for mediation of maternal depression effects by family environmental factors. Results: Analyses using a single informant and time point showed evidence for substantial mediation; however, in analyses spanning independent informants and multiple time points mediating effects were markedly reduced. Sex differences were found, in that parenting and family environmental factors related to psychopathology for males, whereas maternal depression was more directly related to psychopathology for females. Conclusions: Results emphasize the importance of independent data for testing mediational claims, and support claims that the processes involved in the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology are different for male and female youth.
Seasonal cycles of gonadal development and plasma sex steroid levels in Epinephelus morio, a protogynous grouper in the eastern Gulf of Mexico

In a field population of the protogynous red grouper Epinephelus morio in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, females with oocytes at all stages of development were collected during the spawning season suggesting that several batches of oocytes may be released over the spawning period. Plasma oestradiol (E2) levels were highest in ripe females whose gonads contained both cortical alveoli and vitellogenic oocytes during the breeding season. Males were still spermiating as late as August, although levels of androgens 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and testosterone (T) had declined from their peaks in March. A few red grouper with either perinucleolar or cortical alveoli stage oocytes were undergoing sex change both during and after the spawning period. Low levels of E2, T and 11-KT were detected in transitionals. Proliferation of male tissue was not restricted to any specific area of the gonad but occurred in pockets within the ovarian lumen. The sequence of an increase in gonial cells along the periphery of the lamellae, increase in interstitial tissue, degradation of female elements, and formation of a sperm duct seemed to be concurrent with spermatocyte proliferation and the process of preparing the gonad to function as a testis.
Hallucinogens Causing Seizures? A Case Report of the Synthetic Amphetamine 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Chloroamphetamine

Although traditional hallucinogenic drugs such as marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are not typically associated with seizures, newer synthetic hallucinogenic drugs can provoke seizures. Here, we report the unexpected consequences of taking a street-bought hallucinogenic drug thought to be LSD. Our patient presented with hallucinations and agitation progressing to status epilepticus with a urine toxicology screen positive only for cannabinoids and opioids. Using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry, an additional drug was found: an amphetamine-derived phenylethylamine called 2,5-dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine. We bring this to the attention of the neurologic community as there are a growing number of hallucinogenic street drugs that are negative on standard urine toxicology and cause effects that are unexpected for both the patient and the neurologist, including seizures.
Optical Processors For Adaptive Phased-Array Radar

A coherent optical correlator (operating on the heterodyned received signals from a phased array and a non-coherent iterative vector-matrix electro-optical processor (operating on the covariance matrix of received array signals) are described as candidate advanced processors for adaptive phased array radar.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Evidence for Cu---H Interactions in Dinuclear Cu(I) Complexes of Hindered Hydrotris (pyrazolyl) Borate Ligands

Abstract The structures of the synthetically useful Cu(I) compounds [Tpt-Bu,MeCu1]2·0.5toluene (1) (C51.5H84B2Cu2N12, a = 13.2425(2), b = 13.9201(2), c = 17.6033(3) A , α = 105.137(1), β = 106.730(1), γ = 103.548(1)°, V = 2826.73(8) A 3 , triclinic, P l , Z = 2) ( Tp R,R′ =[ HB (3- R ,5- R′pz ) 3 ] ; pz = pyrazoly) and [Tpt-Bu,i-PrCu1]2 (2) (C60H104B2Cu2N12, a = 23.3168(2), b = 14.3594(2), c = 20.2819(2) A , β = 99.05(1)°, V = 6706.2(1) A 3 , monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 4) have been examined by X-ray analysis as well as by IR and NMR to reveal a complex pattern of BH…Cu interactions that persist in solution. As opposed to the structures of the pseudo-tetrahedral carbonyl adducts [Tpt-Bu,MeCu(CO)] (3) (C25H40BCuN6O, a = 15.502(4), b = 9.681(2), c = 19.049(6) A , β = 95.94(2)°, V = 2843(1) A 3 , monoclinic, Pc, Z = 4) and [Tpt-Bu,i-PrCu(CO)] (4), the structure of 1 and 2 display an ‘inverted’ configuration at the boron atom that directs the BH units towards the dicopper(I) core at a position suitable for a three-center, two-electron BH…Cu bonding interaction.
Making the information technology investment decision: a principled approach

Seven principles on which to base an evaluation of strategic information technology (IT) ventures are presented. The principles range from making the investment decision, through managing risk, to preparing for unanticipated upside and downside implications. The principles are based on empirical studies, and on theoretical work on the timing of investments and the valuation of options benefits inherent in many IT initiatives. The role of a company's unique resources in generating competitive advantage, and the role of strategic necessity in guiding IT investment decisions are also considered. >
Facilitating Creativity in the Classroom: Professional Development for K12 Teachers

This chapter describes a graduate level course offered to in-service K-12 teachers. The course supports teachers in learning about creativity in general as well as recognizing qualities of creativity in themselves and their children and providing strategies for incorporating creativity across the curriculum. The 4Ps of creativity: person, process, product, and press are elaborated with emphasis on the personality traits that are commonly associated with creativity.
Standing Up for Learning: A Pilot Investigation on the Neurocognitive Benefits of Stand-Biased School Desks

Standing desks have proven to be effective and viable solutions to combat sedentary behavior among children during the school day in studies around the world. However, little is known regarding the potential of such interventions on cognitive outcomes in children over time. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the neurocognitive benefits, i.e., improvements in executive functioning and working memory, of stand-biased desks and explore any associated changes in frontal brain function. 34 freshman high school students were recruited for neurocognitive testing at two time points during the school year: (1) in the fall semester and (2) in the spring semester (after 27.57 (1.63) weeks of continued exposure). Executive function and working memory was evaluated using a computerized neurocognitive test battery, and brain activation patterns of the prefrontal cortex were obtained using functional near infrared spectroscopy. Continued utilization of the stand-biased desks was associated with significant improvements in executive function and working memory capabilities. Changes in corresponding brain activation patterns were also observed. These findings provide the first preliminary evidence on the neurocognitive benefits of standing desks, which to date have focused largely on energy expenditure. Findings obtained here can drive future research with larger samples and multiple schools, with comparison groups that may in turn implicate the importance of stand-biased desks, as simple environmental changes in classrooms, on enhancing children's cognitive functioning that drive their cognitive development and impact educational outcomes.
Mercury concentrations in Northwest Atlantic winter-caught, male spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias): A geographic mercury comparison and risk-reward framework for human consumption

Mercury (Hg) contamination testing was conducted on winter-caught male spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in southern New England and results compared to available data on Hg concentrations for this species. A limited risk-reward assessment for EPA (eicosapentanoic acid) and DHA (docosahexanoic acid) lipid concentrations of spiny dogfish was completed in comparison with other commonly consumed marine fish. Mean Hg concentrations were 0.19 ppm (±0.30) wet weight. In comparison, mean Hg concentrations in S. acanthias varied geographically ranging from 0.05 ppm (Celtic Sea) to 2.07 ppm (Crete, Mediterranean Sea). A risk-reward assessment for Hg and DHA+EPA placed S. acanthias in both "low-risk, high-reward" and "high-risk, high-reward" categories for consumption dependent on locations of the catch. Our results are limited and are not intended as consumption advisories but serve to illustrate the need for making more nuanced, geo-specific, consumption guidance for spiny dogfish that is inclusive of seafood traceability and nutritional benefits.
On a robustness property of the Rayleigh and Bingham tests of uniformity

Abstract It is shown that the standardized versions of the Rayleigh and Bingham statistics converge in distribution, under the null hypothesis, to standard normal random variables as the sample size and the number of variables both approach infinity.
A Cauldron of Anger: The Spreckels Family and Reform of California Community Property Law

In 1891, the California legislature passed the first law that gave a wife some measure of control over disposition of a married couple's community property. Up until that time, the husband was considered both the owner and manager of the community property and the wife's interest was considered a "mere expectancy." However, in the famous 1897 case involving the prominent Spreckels family, the California Supreme Court "stripped the amendment of 1891, designed to protect married women, of much of its force." This article explains both the family feud and the legal wrangling that led to the 1897 court case. It also examines the history of the demise of the "mere expectancy" concept and the continuing significance of the retroactivity issue in California community property law. Ironically, all the most recent retroactivity decisions of the California Supreme Court were resolved in favor of protecting wives' rights - the exact opposite of the result in the 1897 Spreckels case.
Evaluation of Speech Perception via the Use of Hearing Loops and Telecoils.

A cross-sectional, experimental, and randomized repeated-measures design study was used to examine the objective and subjective value of telecoil and hearing loop systems. Word recognition and spee...
Determination of Optimal Hydrolytic Conditions

During hydrolysis, not only degradation of large molecules, but also destruction of liberated units such as monosaccharides or amino acids takes place. Both the liberation and destruction of these components depend upon the strength of the hydrolysis, i.e. the acid or alkali used, its concentration, temperature, and the length of the reaction. Obviously, 100% recovery of the liberated components in the hydrolysate is possible only if the hydrolysis is complete, while liberated units are fully resistant to further degradation. No such hydrolytic procedure exists. Therefore, quantitative determination of the monosaccharide or amino acid constituents of a biopolymer always results in a “minimum value” which is significantly less than the actual percentage.
Evaluating the Psychological Concomitants of Other-Sex Crush Experiences During Early Adolescence

Very little empirical attention has been paid to other-sex crush experiences during adolescence. As a result, it is not known whether such experiences, which appear to be relatively common, impact psychological adjustment outcomes. This two-wave (3 month interval) longitudinal study of 268 young adolescents (48 % girls; M age at Time 1 = 11.84 years) examined the psychological concomitants of other-sex crush experiences (having and being viewed by others as a crush). Anxious-withdrawal and gender were evaluated as moderators. Peer nomination measures at Time 1 assessed both types of crush experiences and mutual friendship involvement, and participants completed self-report measures of loneliness and depressive symptoms at Times 1 and 2. The results from regression analyses revealed significant associations between having an other-sex crush and depressive symptoms at Time 1 and loneliness at Time 2, after accounting for the effects of mutual friendship. Two interaction effects also revealed that crush status was a risk factor for depressive symptoms at low levels of anxious-withdrawal but a protective factor at high levels. The findings provide the first empirical evidence that other-sex crush experiences are developmentally significant during early adolescence.
Type-specific clinical characteristics of adenovirus-associated influenza-like illness at five US military medical centers, 2009-2014.

Background Adenovirus is a recognized cause of influenza-like illness (ILI). The proportion of ILI attributable to adenovirus is not known. Moreover, knowledge gaps remain with respect to the epidemiologic, virologic, and clinical characteristics of adenovirus-associated ILI among otherwise healthy individuals. Methods An observational, longitudinal study of <65-year-old patients with febrile ILI at five medical centers was conducted from 2009 to 2014. Nasopharyngeal specimens obtained at enrollment were first tested by single-reaction PCR for adenovirus, then further evaluated by a multiplex PCR assay for other respiratory viral pathogens. Symptoms over a 28-day period were collected. Results We enrolled 1536 individuals, among whom 43 (2·8%) were positive for adenovirus. The median age of cases was 3·4 years (range: 4 months to 41 years). Three were hospitalized. Species and serotype information was available for 33 (76·7%) cases. Species C (n = 21) was the most common, followed by B3 (n = 9) and one each of E4a, D46, and A. Species C infections were more frequent in children (P < 0·01). Half of the cases were positive for at least one other respiratory viral pathogen. Symptoms were generally mild and most commonly included cough (90%), fatigue (79%), rhinorrhea (74%), loss of appetite (71%), and sore throat (64%). Children with non-C adenovirus infection were more likely to report sore throat (P = 0·05) and hoarseness (P = 0·06) than those with species C infection. Conclusions Adenovirus is frequently detected with other respiratory viruses. Persons with non-C adenovirus infections reported more severe symptoms, suggesting there may be species-specific differences in virulence and/or host response to infection.
High-resolution spectroscopy on theE 2Σ+ ←A 2Σ+ transition of NO

A double-resonance technique combining a high power pulsed laser with a narrow bandwidth cw laser is presented for the high resolution study of the NO molecule.
On the Separability of the Riccati Differential Equation

(1970). On the Separability of the Riccati Differential Equation. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 197-202.
Abstract 794: RNA-Seq and whole transcriptome analyses in ependymomas.

Ependymoma is a common pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumor that is believed to originate from ependymal cells located in the lining of ventricular surfaces in the brain. This type of pediatric tumor presents great challenges in treatment despite the advances in neurosurgical techniques and adjuvant therapy. In order to identify possible molecular markers that could improve clinical management and better treatment, we have used RNA-Seq to profile the transcriptome of ependymoma samples with different outcomes. In this study, the ABI SOLiD WT (Whole Transcriptome) technology was utilized to sequence three different ependymoma tumor samples and one normal control brain tissue (enriched for ependymal cells). Whole Transcriptome sequencing produced approximately 10-30 million reads per sample and an average of 30-40% were mapped to the human reference sequence (NCBI Build 36.1) using Novoalign software. After obtaining these mapped locations, Perl scripts were written to overlap these intervals with other annotations and Genespring was used to visualize the reads. Different protein-coding, non-coding and microRNA gene databases were searched for known genes and to calculate the RPKM (Reads Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads) for each clustered gene. Multiple gene lists were generated corresponding to different RPKM-based comparisons between tumor and control tissues, ultimately enabling the identification of protein-coding genes, non-coding RNAs and microRNAs that are differentially expressed in ependymomas. Protein interaction networks were then built with these genes using the software GeneGo (Thomson Reuters). Thirty genes that are present in these networks are being selected for validation of differential expression in a larger cohort by Real-Time PCR TaqMan customized arrays. In conclusion, we have been able to identify genes differentially expressed in ependymomas, some of which of potential clinical importance. Financial Support: Ann & Robert H Lurie Children9s Hospital of Chicago, The Falk Brain Tumor Foundation and The Maeve McNicholas Memorial Foundation. [FF Costa, JM Bischof, and C Hamm contributed equally to this work.] Citation Format: Fabricio F. Costa, Jared M. Bischof, Chris Hamm, Elio F. Vanin, Maria F. Bonaldo, Stephen Iannaccone, Veena Rajaram, Tadanori Tomita, Stewart Goldman, Marcelo B. Soares. RNA-Seq and whole transcriptome analyses in ependymomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 794. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-794
Company Advertising with a Social Dimension: The Role of Noneconomic Criteria:

The author examines company advertising campaigns with social dimensions and compares them to matched standard, or nonsocial, campaigns. The author investigates the managers’ objectives for the cam...
Comparative Analysis of Uterine Contraction Pain, Lactation, Urination and Lochia between Multipara and Primipara

Objective To compare the uterine contraction pain,lactation,urination and lochia situation between multipara and primipara,to improve maternal postpartum rehabilitation interventions.Methods With Visual Analogue Scale(VAS),pain intensity in postpartum 1~3 days of 100 cases of primipara of vaginal delivery in hospital and multipara who had induction of labor after 28 weeks or had delivery history was assessed and their lactation,urination and lochia situation at the same time were observed.Results The pain score was 3.5 points at the first day in multipara group and there were more lactation and lochia discharge in multipara group than those in primipara group,which were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion In first day of postpartum,there is obvious uterine contraction pain among multipara,and less lactation in primipara.Early effective measures to relieve pain of multipara and promote milk secretion for primipara should be taken.