cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simplified Nonlinear Temperature Curling Analysis for Jointed Concrete Pavements

The assumption of a linear temperature change through the slab depth has been overwhelmingly used in pavement analysis since Westergaard proposed a curling solution for rigid pavements. However, the actual temperature profiles through the slab thickness are primarily nonlinear. These nonlinear temperature profiles produce stresses that can be divided into three components: a uniform temperature stress, an equivalent linear curling stress, and a nonlinear self-equilibrating stress. It is the self-equilibrating stress component that often goes unaccounted for in concrete pavement stress prediction and can significantly affect the tensile stress magnitude and critical location. This paper presents a solution for a piecewise method and proposes a simplified method termed NOLA, or nonlinear area, that easily captures the effect of temperature nonlinearity on rigid pavement responses. The proposed NOLA method enables the use of a three-dimensional temperature frequency distribution that allows simple postprocessing of rigid pavement curling stress solutions derived from a linear temperature assumption. The impact of accounting for self-equilibrating stresses in terms of projected fatigue damage levels and critical cracking locations is also explored using a mechanistic-based rigid pavement analysis program called RadiCAL.
Effect of the kallikrein inhibitor aprotinin on myocardial ischemic injury after coronary occlusion in the dog.

The effect of administration of aprotinin (a kallikrein inhibitor) on the extent and severity of acute myocardial ischemic injury, subsequent necrosis and collateral blood flow was studied in 55 dogs after acute coronary occlusion. Two 20 minute occlusions of the left anterior coronary artery were performed in eight dogs and epicardial electrograms were recorded from 10 to 14 sites. The sum of S-T segment elevations (σST) 15 minutes after the occlusion without drug administration was 38.7 ± 7.0 mv (mean ± standard error of the mean). Before the second occlusion aprotinin was administered and σST decreased to 22.6 ± 5.6 mv (P < 0.01). Similarly, the number of sites exhibiting S-T segment elevations of more than 2 mv (NST) decreased from 6.4 ± 0.8 after the first occlusion to 4.2 ± 1.2 (P < 0.01) after the occlusion following aprotinin administration. The effect of aprotinin on myocardial necrosis administered 30 minutes after coronary occlusion was established by means of the relation between epicardial S-T segment elevation 15 minutes after coronary occlusion and myocardial creatine kinase (CK) activity and histologic appearance at the same sites 24 hours later. In the control group the relation was: log CK = −0.059S-T + 1.53 (no. = 92 specimens, r = 0.74); in the treated group it was: log CK = —0.036S-T + 1.54 (no. = 60 specimens, r = 0.79). These slopes differed (P < 0.001), indicating that aprotinin prevented myocardial CK depletion. In the control group all sites exhibiting S-T elevations of more than 2 mv 15 minutes after occlusion showed early signs of myocardial infarction 24 hours later when examined by light microscopy. In contrast, in dogs that received aprotinin, only 66 percent of sites with abnormally elevated S-T segments showed abnormal histologic features, indicating that administration of the drug led to preservation of structural integrity in many sites. Similarly, significantly deeper Q waves evolved in the control than in the treated group: ΔQ (6 hours) = 0.82 S-T (15 min) + 0.86 (no. = 9 dogs, r = 0.76) and in the treated group: ΔQ (6 hours) = 0.46S-T (15 min) + 0.72 (no. = 10 dogs, r = 0.64) (P < 0.02). Regional myocardial blood flow decreased from 15 minutes to 6 hours after occlusion in both the control and treated groups. However, the decrease was less in the treated than in the control group (37 versus 16 percent and the distribution of flow endocardialepicardial ratio was significantly better with aprotinin. Thus, it is concluded that aprotinin diminishes myocardial damage after acute coronary occlusion.
Gauging the Cost of Loopholes: Health Care Pricing and Medicare Regulation in the Post-Enron Era

This article explores the problem of risk perception and regulatory loopholes in the unique era of corporate governance that followed Enron and other high-profile corporate scandals. The article draws on behavioral law and economics theory to examine pressing issues in U.S. welfare policy reform. The current Administration's domestic agenda features proposals to privatize traditional government welfare programs, including Social Security and Medicare. Those proposals rely on market competition and other profit incentives to improve quality and reduce program costs. The article traces a detailed case study of a prominent for-profit hospital corporation, the impact of public perceptions of corporate wrongdoing, and the regulatory response that followed. The piece then offers key insights for upcoming policy debates over health care delivery, specifically, and regulation of private markets, generally.
Predicting How Winter Affects Energetics of Age‐0 Largemouth Bass: How Do Current Models Fare?

Abstract During the first winter of life, loss of energy reserves as a function of low feeding activity and scarce prey may contribute to high mortality of age-0 largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. To explore how two current bioenergetics models predict winter energy depletion, we quantified growth and consumption by age-0 largemouth bass from Alabama, Ohio, and Wisconsin fed maintenance rations in 55-L aquaria in three simulated winters mimicking temperatures and photoperiods at low temperate latitudes (Alabama; 33°N), middle latitudes (Ohio; 40°N), and high temperate latitudes (Wisconsin; 46°N). We compared observed growth in aquaria with that predicted by putting observed consumption into both models. During winter 1995–1996, we validated one of the models with a separate pool experiment (5,800-L) in which age-0 largemouth bass were fed either at 0.5 × or 1.5 × maintenance ration. In aquaria, energy density of the largemouth bass declined in the high- and middle- but not in the low-latitude winter. ...
D-lactate dehydrogenase. Substrate specificity and use as a catalyst in the synthesis of homochiral 2-hydroxy acids.

This note compares the substrate specifity of D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH, EC 1.1.1.28) to that of L-lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH, EC 1.1.1.27), illustrates three procedures that use D-LDH in synthesis and two methods for recycling NADH, and provides experimental details illustrating the use of D-LDH in organic synthesis.
Framing "I can't draw": The influence of cultural frames on the development of drawing

Why is it that many people feel that they “can’t draw”? In a recent article Cohn, 2012, I put forth a new theory that compared the cognitive structure of drawing to the cognitive structure of langu...
VIOLATING IGNORABILITY OF TREATMENT BY CONTROLLING FOR TOO MANY FACTORS

This problem shows how the key ignorability-of-treatment assumption used in estimating treatment effects can be violated when certain factors are included among the covariates. The case considered is when there are J + 1 treatment levels, treatment is randomized with respect to potential outcomes, but the distribution of included covariates differs across treatment levels.
Improved channel allocation for multicarrier CDMA with adaptive frequency hopping and multiuser detection

Multicarrier code-division multiple access (MCCDMA) system with adaptive frequency hopping (AFH) has attracted attention of researchers due to its excellent spectral efficiency. A suboptimal water-filling (WF) channel allocation algorithm was previously proposed for the reverse link of this system. To overcome the limitations of the WF algorithm in the presence of fading-induced near-far problem, a new allocation algorithm is proposed and demonstrated to improve performance when the conventional matched filter (MF) receiver is employed. Moreover, the allocation methods are extended to accommodate multiuser detectors (MUDs) at the receiver for MC-CDMA system with AFH. It is demonstrated that the combination of the improved allocation algorithm and the linear MUDs is very efficient in mitigating the fading and multi-access interference (MAI) for realistic mobile radio channels with correlated subcarriers, channel state information (CSI) mismatch, and imperfect power control. Numerical results show that the proposed adaptive transmission method has much greater system capacity than conventional non-adaptive MC direct-sequence (DS)-CDMA system.
Results of optimal discrete pulse shaping for MSK-type signals

This paper presents the results of discrete bandwidth optimizations used on minimum shift keying (MSK)-type signals. Bandwidth-optimal pulse shaping achieves maximum spectral confinement with respect to given confinement frequencies and given levels of allowable modulated signal envelope nonuniformity. This paper presents a family of design curves defining optimal confinement with respect to confinement frequency and the level of modulated signal amplitude modulation (AM).
Mechanical and fracture stratigraphy

Using examples from core studies, this article shows that separate identification of mechanical stratigraphy and fracture stratigraphy leads to a clearer understanding of fracture patterns and more accurate prediction of fracture attributes away from the wellbore. Mechanical stratigraphy subdivides stratified rock into discrete mechanical units defined by properties such as tensile strength, elastic stiffness, brittleness, and fracture mechanics properties. Fracture stratigraphy subdivides rock into fracture units according to extent, intensity, or some other observed fracture attribute. Mechanical stratigraphy is the by-product of depositional composition and structure, and chemical and mechanical changes superimposed on rock composition, texture, and interfaces after deposition. Fracture stratigraphy reflects a specific loading history and mechanical stratigraphy during failure. Because mechanical property changes reflect diagenesis and fractures evolve with loading history, mechanical stratigraphy and fracture stratigraphy need not coincide. In subsurface studies, current mechanical stratigraphy is generally measurable, but because of inherent limitations of sampling, fracture stratigraphy is commonly incompletely known. To accurately predict fractures in diagenetically and structurally complex settings, we need to use evidence of loading and mechanical property history as well as current mechanical states.
Mechanism State Matrices for Spatial Reconfigurable Mechanisms

This paper improves augmented mechanism state matrices by replacing joint code with screw system notation. The proposed substitution allows for a more specific description of the joints in the mechanism and the capability to describe both spatial and planar mechanisms. Examples are provided which elucidate the proposed approach.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Companies, Industries, and the Measurement of Economic Segmentation

There has been much debate in the growing literature on economic segmentation on the relative merits of companyand industry-level measures of economic structure. The current analysis suggests that this debate has been incorrectly posed. Both companies and industries represent meaningful units of analysis that embody consequences for economic segmentation. The most important company characteristic in the wage determination process is found to be plant employment size. The most important industrial characteristic is found to be level of capital usage. Companyand industry-level sectoral measures are also compared and evaluated. These sectoral measures are associated only to a moderate degree and have distinct consequences for labor force outcomes. Together, these findings suggest distinct roles for company and industrial models of economic segmentation. The paper concludes with the argument that companies and industries represent distinct levels of economic segmentation, each of which deserves conceptualization in its own right.
Studies on a phytohemagglutinin from the lentil. V. Binding of Lens culinaris hemagglutinin to lymphocytes and erythrocytes.

Quantitative studies were performed on the binding of 125I-labelled Lens culinaris hemagglutinin A (LcH-A) to the surfaces of human erythrocytes, human lymphocytes, or rabbit erythrocytes. Human erythrocytes showed 5.8 × 105 surface receptor sites for LcH-A with an apparent association constant, Ka, of 5.9 × 106. Rabbit erythrocytes showed 4.1 × 106 receptor sites with a Ka of 1.7 × 106. Human lymphocytes showed 6.6 × 106 receptor sites with a Ka or 8.1 × 105. In each case the binding of LcH-A to these cells was shown to be reversible and LcH-A could be removed almost totally by washing the cell-LcH-A complex with mannosides. Under conditions used for lymphocyte stimulation, LcH-A was reversibly bound to surface receptors of human lymphocytes; and little, if any, LcH-A was either taken up by the cells or irreversibly bound to the cells during 4 days of culture. During this time extensive lymphocyte stimulation occurred, suggesting that transport of LcH-A into the cell was not a critical part of the stimulation process.
Electronic monitoring of orthopedic brace compliance

Abstract Purpose Brace compliance measurement in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been the subject of a few recent studies. Various sensors have been developed to measure compliance. We have developed a temperature-based data logger—the Cricket—specifically for scoliosis braces, with associated custom software, that is embedded directly in the brace. The purpose of this study was to analyze patterns of brace wear and patient compliance among children with AIS using the Cricket. Methods Fifty-five AIS patients prescribed various brace-time regimens were monitored using the Cricket. All subjects were treated with the Wilmington brace. The compliance rate for each group was determined. Results Overall compliance among subjects was 69.9 ± 31.5 %. Only 14.5 % met or exceeded prescribed brace time. This is consistent with previous compliance monitoring results. Conclusion The results of this study objectively show the difference between prescribed and actual brace wear time and reaffirm the Cricket sen...
Thomas William Robertson: Actor

The continued interest in the theatrical innovations of the Bancrofts and T. W. Robertson has led to numerous recent scholarly reevaluations. William Kleb, in his excellent “Marie Wilton (Lady Bancroft) as an Actress,” notes that “the important dramatic, scenic, and managerial aspects of the Bancrofts' work should not be allowed to obscure the fact that their theatre was also fundamentally an actors' theatre.” T. W. Robertson's dramaturgical innovations, however, have also obscured the fact that he began his theatrical career as an actor. In this note, I would like to trace his acting career as a preliminary step in documenting this pivotal period in Robertson's development.
Thromboxane Synthetase Inhibition in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension

Thromboxane synthetase inhibitors have been shown to reduce thromboxane, a potent vasoconstrictor, and increase prostacyclin, a potent vasodilator, in normal subjects. We evaluated the acute and chronic (three months) effects of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor CGS13080 administered 200 mg every six hours on the resting hemodynamics in ten patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), and on their response to 20 mg of nifedipine given sublingually before and after the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor treatment. It was concluded that one can modulate the levels of endogenous thromboxane and prostacyclin in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension using a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. Although the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor alone produced only modest hemodynamic changes over time, the addition of nifedipine was able to produce a further lowering of pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance.
Differences In The Volume Of Services And In Prices Drive Big Variations In Medicaid Spending Among US States And Regions

It is well known that Medicaid spending per beneficiary varies widely across states. However, less is known about the cause of this variation, or about whether increased spending is associated with better outcomes. In this article we describe and analyze sources of interstate variation in Medicaid spending over several years. We find substantial variations both in the volume of services and in prices. Overall, per capita spending in the ten highest-spending states was $1,650 above the average national per capita spending, of which $1,186, or 72 percent, was due to the volume of services delivered. Spending in the ten lowest-spending states was $1,161 below the national average, of which $672, or 58 percent, was due to volume. In the mid-Atlantic region, increased price and volume resulted in the most expensive care among regions, whereas reduced price and volume in the South Central region resulted in the least expensive care among regions. Understanding these variations in greater detail should help impr...
Primary cutaneous mucormycosis developing after incision and drainage of a subcutaneous abscess in an immunocompetent host.

A 35-year-old man with no known medical history presented to an outpatient clinic, with a warm, erythematous, tender skin lesion that was draining purulent fluid, on his left medial lower extremity (figure 1). The patient denied any similar events and was lacking other systemic symptoms. Vital signs were normal. The remainder of the physical examination was benign. Incision of the lesion yielded purulent drainage that was sent for culture. The wound was then washed with sterile saline and packed with cotton gauze; an elasticised dressing was applied over the top. The patient was given oral doxycycline with instructions to return the next day. Approximately 12 h later, the patient returned with symptoms of worsening left leg pain. The external dressing was removed from the lesion, revealing a black necrotic centre with expanding erythematous borders (figures 2 and 3). Purulent ‘fuzzy’-appearing discharge was noted …
Overweight and Suicidal Behaviors Among Adolescents: Correlation or Causation?

Suicide is the third leading cause of death for adolescents. The suicide rate for individuals 15-19 years of age in 2003, while having recently declined, still remains more than twice that in 1960. At the same time, the prevalence of being overweight has also steadily risen among adolescents, and has tripled since 1960. This study utilizes data from the Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance System (1991-2003) to explore the causal relationship between overweight status and the perception of overweight on suicide ideation and attempts. Studies have shown a high degree of correlation between overweight, depressive disorders, and suicidal behaviors. This study analyzes these indicators in conjunction with individuals' perception of their weight. The empirical methodology is based on bivariate probit models, propensity score matching, and sample stratification, along with robustness checks, to gauge whether the link between overweight indicators and suicide is causal or whether it is driven by unobserved selection. Results indicate that body dissatisfaction, as measured by the perception of overweight, has a strong causal impact on all suicidal behaviors for girls. It raises the risk of suicide ideation by 6.1 percent, suicide attempt by 3.6 percent, and a serious suicide attempt by 0.5 percent. For males, the association is mostly driven by nonrandom selection, though there is a small positive effect on ideation. Conditional on overweight perception, actual weight does not have an independent effect on suicidal behaviors. Policies aimed at reducing the prevalence of overweight among adolescents will further reduce suicidal behaviors by limiting overweight perception, especially among girls. However, the independent role of perception also highlights the importance of educating youths and fostering healthy attitudes regarding body image. Conservative estimates indicate that the risk of higher female suicides adds about $280 - $350 million to the costs of adolescent overweight. In addition, decreasing the prevalence of being very overweight among girls, consistent with the Healthy People 2010 objectives, would reduce the number of suicide attempts by between 12,000 and 16,000.
Evidence of soil nutrient availability as the proximate constraint on growth of treeline trees: Reply

The most common hypothesis to explain low growth of treeline trees is that cold temperatures limit investment of photosynthetic carbohydrates in growth (Korner 1998). This is known as the sink limitation hypothesis, which is often pitted against an alternative hypothesis that trees are limited by photosynthate supply, known as the source limitation hypothesis. Source limitation could come about through drought-induced stomatal closure (e.g., McDowell et al. 2008), low nutrient availability (e.g., Sveinbjornsson et al. 1992) or defoliation (Susiluoto et al. 2010), among other possibilities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Ribosome-Templated Azide–Alkyne Cycloadditions: Synthesis of Potent Macrolide Antibiotics by In Situ Click Chemistry

Over half of all antibiotics target the bacterial ribosome—nature’s complex, 2.5 MDa nanomachine responsible for decoding mRNA and synthesizing proteins. Macrolide antibiotics, exemplified by erythromycin, bind the 50S subunit with nM affinity and inhibit protein synthesis by blocking the passage of nascent oligopeptides. Solithromycin (1), a third-generation semisynthetic macrolide discovered by combinatorial copper-catalyzed click chemistry, was synthesized in situ by incubating either E. coli 70S ribosomes or 50S subunits with macrolide-functionalized azide 2 and 3-ethynylaniline (3) precursors. The ribosome-templated in situ click method was expanded from a binary reaction (i.e., one azide and one alkyne) to a six-component reaction (i.e., azide 2 and five alkynes) and ultimately to a 16-component reaction (i.e., azide 2 and 15 alkynes). The extent of triazole formation correlated with ribosome affinity for the anti (1,4)-regioisomers as revealed by measured Kd values. Computational analysis using the...
Evidence on Use of Neuroimaging for Surgical Treatment of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Systematic Review.

Importance Surgery is an effective treatment for drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Neuroimaging studies are considered essential in the diagnostic evaluation of individuals with medically refractory focal seizures being considered for surgical treatment. Objectives To review the evidence for the use of neuroimaging studies in the selection of patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy for focal cortical resection and discuss the prognostic importance of selected techniques. Evidence Review Randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and clinical retrospective case studies (≥20 patients with ≥1 year of follow-up) were identified using Medical Subject Headings and indexed text terms in EMBASE (1988-November 29, 2014); MEDLINE (1946-December 2, 2014), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1991-October 31, 2014), and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2005-October 31, 2014). Twenty-seven articles describing 3163 patients were included. Neuroimaging techniques analyzed included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Subpopulations and prognostic factors were identified. Findings Of the 27 studies evaluated (3163 patients), 7 showed the outcome was more favorable in patients with MRI-identified hippocampal atrophy indicating mesial temporal sclerosis. Five additional studies indicated that the outcome was less favorable in patients with unremarkable MRI studies. There are conflicting findings regarding the prognostic importance of PET-identified focal hypometabolism; however, 2 investigations indicated that the presence of a PET imaging study demonstrating abnormalities in individuals with unremarkable MRI results showed an operative outcome similar to that in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis. The studies assessing SPECT use in temporal lobe epilepsy did not reveal a correlation with outcome. Conclusions and Relevance There is strong evidence that preoperative MRI-identified hippocampal atrophy consistent with mesial temporal sclerosis concordant with the seizure origin in the temporal lobe is a significant factor associated with a favorable outcome. PET studies may be valuable in individuals with unremarkable MRI findings. The current evidence does not support the prognostic importance of SPECT in patients undergoing temporal lobe surgery.
Uptake of carbon monoxide in Los Angeles commuters

The uptake of carbon monoxide in Los Angeles commuters was measured by determining carbon monoxide concentrations in expired air before and after commuting. Estimates of exposure were made by determining carbon monoxide concentration in air collected within each car during each trip. There was a definite increase in expired air carbon monoxide concentration during the morning commute trip, but not during the afternoon trip. No consistent differences by geographic area were noted. Multiple correlation analysis showed that the post-commuting values depended more upon precommuting expired air values than upon carbon monoxide measured within the car. Smokers showed consistently higher values of carbon monoxide than nonsmokers, and the effect of smoking was several times greater than that of exposure to carbon monoxide levels experienced during commuting. Language: en
Overview of estrogen replacement therapy: a historical perspective.

AbstractIn the last 30 years, we have made enormous advances in understanding how estrogen works in multiple physiologic systems and how much it affects the health of aging women. We have also made major improvements in how we prescribe estrogen. As clinicians, we are obliged to provide our patients with acceptable, tolerable, safe therapy which can be continued long enough to provide clinically significant health benefits. Determining optimal long-term hormone replacement therapy is therefore the challenge for the 21st century.
Aberrant expression of carbohydrate antigens in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

An immunohistochemical study was perfomed to observe the aberrant expression of bloodrelated group antigens in squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue from 10 patients and 13 normal tongue tissues using seven monoclonal antibodies, A, B, H, X001, H001, Lea and Leb, and four lectins, PNA, VVA-B4, UEA-1 and LTA.In SCC, Leb antigens were expressed in all cases examined (10 cases). T and Tn antigens which were examined with PNA and VVA-B4 stains, were expressed in seven out of 10 and six out of 10 cases, respectively, while these two antigens were not found in normal tissues.A, B and H antigens were expressed in most normal tongue epithelial cells, strictly dependent on the patient blood type. But in SCC, A and B antigens were not detected in five out of seven cancer cells from blood group A, B and AB individuals, whereas H antigen was expressed in 5 out of 7 cancer cells from blood group A, B and AB individuals.These results suggest that the expression of blood group-related antigens is suppressed to that of more immature carbohydrate chains in the setting of tongue cancer.
Damage by Larvae of the Tobacco Flea Beetle to Tomato Seedlings

All stages of larvae of the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer), tunneled into the roots and the hypocotyl of tomato seedlings up to the area of the cotyledons in greenhouse tests at Beltsville, Maryland. The hollowed hypocotyls collapsed, and the plants became prostrate. These symptoms are strikingly similar to “damping off”; thus, where direct seeding of tomatoes is practiced, larval damage might be erroneously ascribed to infection by species of Rhizoctonia, Pythium , or other soil-borne fungi.
Diagnostic procedures in uropediatric problems.

The author discusses signs and symptoms suggestive of urinary tract disease, stressing the importance of suspicion when the patient fails to respond to therapy for vague general symptoms seemingly unrelated to renal disease. No routine schedule of tests should be followed. A thorough knowledge of the function and the advantages and disadvantages of each test is necessary to determine its usefulness in the particular problem presented.The patient's physician and the urologist should cooperate in early diagnosis and care of urinary tract lesions to prevent irreparable damage to renal function.
PATIENT AND OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE FROM SPECT TRANSMISSION IMAGING

Objective: SPECT attenuation correction by transmission imaging has attracted interest as a method to reduce tissue attenuation artifacts in myocardial perfusion imaging. A technique has been developed to perform Simultaneous Transmission Emission Protocol (STEP)™ imaging using a line-source of radioactivity positioned at the focal line of a fan-beam collimator. The line-source yields a transmission scan of the patient’s chest to measure individual points of body attenuation which provides an attenuation correction technique for radionuclide imaging. This investigation measured the increase in patient and occupational radiation dose due to the transmission source. Methods: Using a 19.4-mCi 99mTc transmission source and thermoluminescent detector (TLD) crystals at various locations on a phantom, we measured radiation dose to a simulated patient and to the technologist. Results: For a 2-hr exposure period, the maximum dose equivalent was 20 mrem which occurred at the lateral aspects (both left and right) of the chest. The regions of the anterior and posterior mid-chest, thyroid and umbilicus, each measured 10 mrem. The gonads and symphysis pubis doses were less than 3 mrem. All occupational locations measured less than 3 mrem for the 2-hr exposure period. Conclusion: The maximum radiation surface dose equivalent received by the patient, in a normal 30-min scanning period, would be no greater than 5 mrem. The occupational dose equivalent for the same period is less than 1 mrem from the transmission source. The addition of a transmission source of approximately 20 mCi does not appreciably increase either the patient or technologist radiation dose.
Dispersive elastodynamics of 1D banded materials and structures: analysis

Abstract The elastodynamics of 1D periodic materials and finite structures comprising these materials are studied with particular emphasis on correlating their frequency-dependent characteristics and on elucidating their pass-band and stop-band behaviors. Dispersion relations are derived for periodic materials and are employed in a novel manner for computing both pass-band and stop-band complex mode shapes. Through simulations of harmonically induced wave motion within a finite number of unit cells, conformity of the frequency band structure between infinite and finite periodic systems is shown. In particular, only one or two unit cells of a periodic material could be sufficient for “frequency bandedness” to carry over from the infinite periodic case, and only three to four unit cells are necessary for the decay in normalized transmission within a stop band to practically saturate with an increase in the number of cells. Dominant speeds in the scattered wave field within the same finite set of unit cells are observed to match those of phase and group velocities of the infinite periodic material within the most active pass band. Dynamic response due to impulse excitation also is shown to capture the infinite periodic material dynamical characteristics. Finally, steady-state vibration analyses are conducted on a finite fully periodic structure revealing a conformity in the natural frequency spread to the frequency band layout of the infinite periodic material. The steady-state forced response is observed to exhibit mode localization patterns that resemble those of the infinite periodic medium, and it is shown that the maximum localized response under stop-band conditions could be significantly less than in an equivalent homogenous structure and the converse is true for pass-band conditions.
Crystal structure of bis­(η2-ethyl­ene)(η5-penta­methyl­cyclo­penta­dien­yl)cobalt

The title compound, [Co(C10H15)(C2H4)2], was prepared by Na/Hg reduction of [Co2(C10H15)2(μ-Cl)2] in THF under an ethyl­ene atmosphere and crystallized from pentane at 193 K. The Co—C(olefin) bonds have an average length of 2.022 (2) A, while the Co—C(penta­dien­yl) bonds average 2.103 (19) A. The olefin C=C bonds are 1.410 (1) A. The dihedral angle between the planes defined by the cyclo­penta­dienyl ligand and the two olefin ligands is 0.25 (12)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into chains by C—H⋯π inter­actions.
VHF-band Photoinjector

New generation accelerator-based x-ray light sources require high quality electron beams. Parameters such as transverse emittance (projected or “sliced”), energy spread and bunch length for beams in the nC charge range, need to be pushed beyond their present limits for the successful operation of light sources such as Energy Recovery Linacs (ERL) and Free Electron Lasers (FEL). At the same time, the demand for a high average brightness is also driving towards technologies capable of very high repetition rate operation. The overall performance is greatly determined at the accelerator injector and in particular, at the electron gun. In this note, we present a new concept for a high repetition-rate photoinjector, capable of providing pulses up to at least 1 MHz or more.
Synthetic aperture sonar development for autonomous underwater vehicles

The combination of synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) technologies is producing underwater acoustic imaging systems of tremendous capability and versatility. Under the sponsorship of the Office of Naval Research (ONR), Naval Surface Warfare Center, Panama City (NSWC-PC) and Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University (ARL/PSU) are designing and fabricating 21-inch and 12.75-inch diameter AUV compatible Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) systems. These systems are to be integrated and tested with 21-inch and 12.75-inch diameter AUVs built by Bluefin Robotics and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). This paper provides an overview of the systems and their developmental status. Included is a general description of the motion estimation and compensation technique currently in use and of its potential use for improving the navigational performance of the system. In addition, considerations for cooperative operations between AUV systems are discussed. Examples are given to demonstrate the various points presented
An Introduction to Infectious Disease Pathology

Infectious diseases may be encountered in every subspecialty of pathology and can often present difficulties in identification and proper diagnosis. Most anatomic pathology microscopes and workstations are geared toward generally low-magnification diagnoses based primarily on patterns of tissue growth or inflammation. The microscopic diagnosis of many infectious diseases, however, requires much higher magnification, preferably up to at least 1000× total. Therefore, as the initial chapter in this atlas, we will first suggest some basic concepts to help achieve your optimal approach for high-magnification histologic and cytologic microscopy. Readers are of course encouraged to adapt these suggestions to their own practices as they see fit.
Nonverbal Vocal Adaptation and Audience Perceptions of Dominance and Prestige

Fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of speech is a useful tool for measuring the social organization of micro interactions. Past research suggests that “adaptation” in the lower nonverbal vocal f...
The Effects of Immobilization on Bone

Accretion and resorption of the skeletal mass, especially of the lower part of the body, are maintained in equilibrium by the stimulus of weight bearing and activity. Immobilization, whether by prolonged recumbency, paralysis, or space-flight immobilization, leads to bone atrophy. Calcium released by the immobilized skeleton is excreted in the urine with resulting hypercalciuia ultimately reflecting the extent of bone loss. The excessive elimination of calcium salts in the urine also predisposes to nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis, the latter representing a frequent complication of spinal-cord lesions. The deposition of calcium salts in soft tissues is another sequela of loss of calcium from the skeletal mass.
Platelet protein organization: analysis by treatment with membrane-permeable cross-linking reagents.

We have examined platelet protein organization by treatment of intact resting or thrombin-activated platelets with two cross-linking reagents, diamide or dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) (DTSP). Cross- linked complexes were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence of reducing agent and their composition determined after reductive cleavage and analysis in a second-dimensional gel. The most prominent cross-linked species produced by diamide treatment of of resting platelets are (A) cytoskeletal protein homopolymers, such as myosin heavy chain dimer and actin oligomers, and (B) high molecular weight material consisting of homo- or heteropolymers of cytoskeletal proteins and 230,000, 170,000, 100,000, 55,000, and 52,000 dalton proteins. DTSP treatment forms similar complexes and also cross-links membrane glycoproteins IIb and III into high molecular weight material. Thrombin activation of platelets before treatment with diamide or DTSP results in increased cross-linking of myosin and increased incorporation of several proteins, particularly myosin and glycoproteins IIb and III, into high molecular weight material. The results provide evidence for reorganization of cytoskeletal and membrane proteins during platelet function.
Love and Sex: Are We Ever Too Old?!? By Nieli Langer

Love and Sex sets out to reach a broad audience of “adult children, grandchildren and the current cohorts of aging individuals to understand and accept the sexuality of maturing adults,” as the bac...
Distributed Tracking of Maneuvering Target: A Finite-time Algorithm

This paper presents a novel distributed algorithm for tracking a highly maneuvering target using bearing or direction of arrival measurements. The proposed approach is built on the dynamic average-consensus algorithm, which allows a networked group of agents (nodes) to reach consensus on the global average of a set of local time-varying signals in a distributed fashion. Since the average-consensus error corresponding to the presented dynamic average-consensus algorithm converges to zero in finite time, the proposed distributed algorithm guarantees that the tracking error converges to zero in finite time. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Multiplex sensing of lead and mercury in drinking water using smartphone nano-colorimetry

We report smartphone nano-colorimetry (SNC) for mobile and multiplex detection and quantitation of lead and mercury ions in drinking water. The detection limit is below EPA action levels set for both metal ions.
Designing for Quality: Distance Education Rubrics for Online MSW Programs

ABSTRACTThere has been a rapid increase in the number of online MSW programs in the past decade without a commensurate body of literature on their administration. This article acquaints MSW program...
Evaluating Soybean Aphid-Resistant Varieties in Different Environments to Estimate Financial Outcomes

Farmers face many choices when selecting seed for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) production, including highly desired herbicide tolerance traits. Despite the convenience of herbicide tolerance, resistant weeds and technology fees may reduce utility and profitability of these varieties, especially when commodity prices are low. Sporadic outbreaks of soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura, Hemiptera: Aphididae) that require insecticide use for optimal yield can be a further complication for farmers in Iowa. Soybean aphid-resistant varieties are commercially available, but in limited genetic backgrounds without herbicide tolerance. We hypothesized yield and value of resistance traits will vary based on the environment. We established plots at two locations with different risks of soybean aphid outbreaks and used two planting dates at each location to mimic different yield environments. In 2016 and 2017, we planted four varieties that varied in their susceptibility to soybean aphids and glyphosate, and applied insecticides if aphid populations reached an economic threshold. Regardless of genetic background, aphid-resistant varieties prevented populations from reaching the economic threshold at all environments. We observed no significant difference in yield between resistant and susceptible varieties, revealing this trait is as effective at protecting yield as an insecticide application on susceptible varieties at the high-risk location. We also explored the value of each variety in different environments. Resistant varieties produced greater potential net revenue than susceptible varieties at the high-risk location, while the opposite occurred at the low-risk location. Resistant varieties with herbicide tolerance, if made available, would be the most valuable across all environments.
Neutral auditory words immediately followed by painful electric shock show reduced next-day recollection

In this study, we investigated the effect of experimentally delivered acute pain on explicit and implicit memory. Twenty-five subjects participated in experimental sessions on consecutive days. The first session involved a categorization task intended to induce incidental memory encoding. There were two conditions, presented in randomized order, in which subjects listened to a series of words, which was repeated three times. In one condition, one-third of the word items were immediately followed by a painful electrical shock and these pain-paired items were presented unpredictably. In the other condition, all word items were not associated with pain. Response times over these repeated presentations were assessed for differences. Explicit memory was tested the following day, employing a Remember-Know assessment of word recognition, with no shocks employed. Recollection was significantly reduced for pain-paired words, as the proportion of correct Remember responses (out of total correct responses) was significantly lower. There were no significant reductions in memory for non-pain items that followed painful stimulation after a period of several seconds. Consistent with the experience of pain consuming working memory resources, we theorize that painful shocks interrupt memory encoding for the immediately preceding experimental items, due to a shift in attention away from the word item.
“Housing Prices Never Fall”: The Development of Housing Finance in Taiwan

This article deals with the path-dependent features of financialization of housing in Taiwan, an East Asian developmental state. The levels of foreign capital and securitization in Taiwan’s housing...
Effects of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation on preterm infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome

Objective To investigate the effect of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation on preterm infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome and to evaluate the neurodevelopment.Methods One hundred and nine preterm infants with birth weight less than 1500 g,and severe respiratory distress syndrome,were randomly divided into treatment group of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV)and the control group of conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV),after application of ventilator for 2 hours,arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) /inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio ＜ 200,the pulmonary surfactant (Curosurf 100-200 mg/kg) was given.The primary outcomes were surfactant applications,pneumothorax,bronchopulmonary dysplasia,intracranial hemorrhage and mortality were observed,the neural development was evaluated at 18th month for the survivors.Results Among the 109 patients studied,5 cases abandoned the treatment,7 cases died,30 cases were lost,and 79 cases had relevant information when they were 18 months of age.During hospitalization,the application of pulmonary surfactant,pneumothorax,bronchopulmonary dysplasia,intracranial hemorrhage and mortality in HFOV group were lower than those in CMV group,there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in cerebral palsy,deafness or blindness between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05) ; There was significant difference in the incidence of MDI ＜ 70,HFOV group was less than CMV group.Conclusions High frequency oscillatory ventilation can improve the prognosis of severe respiratory distress preterm children,and without serious complication. Key words: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation; Respiratory distress syndrome; Preterm infants ; Neurodevelopment
Dialogue Orientations in Workplace Meetings

This study examined conversation preferences in workplace meetings via a cross-sectional survey of working adults (N = 217). Dialogue orientations from the argumentation literature were employed in...
Three Centuries of Inequality in Britain and America

Income and wealth inequality rose over the first 150 years of U.S. history. They may have risen at times in Britain before 1875. The first half of this century equalized pre-fisc incomes more in Britain than in America. From the 1970s to the 1990s inequality rose in both countries, reversing some of the previous equalization. Government redistribution explains part but not all of the reversals in inequality trends. Factor-market forces and economic growth would have produced a similar chronology of rises and falls in income inequality even without shifts in the progressivity of redistribution through government. For economies starting from highly unequal property ownership, the development process lowers inequality. History suggests, however, that this may happen only once. Redistribution toward the poor tends to happen least in those times and polities where it would seem most justified by the usual goals of welfare policy.
Routine Capsular Closure With Hip Arthroscopic Surgery Results in Superior Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background:In hip arthroscopic surgery, capsulotomy is performed to improve visualization and allow instrumentation of the joint. Traditionally, the defect has been left unrepaired; however, increa...
Atomicity vs. availability : concurrency control for replicated data

Data managed by a distr ibuted program may be subject to consistency and availability requirements that must be satisfied in the presence of concurrency, site crashes, and network partit ions. This paper proposes two integrated methods for implementing concurrency control and replication for data of abstract type. Both methods use quorum consensus. The Consensus Locking method minimizes constraints on availability, and the Consensus Schedul ing method minimizes constraints on concurrency. These methods systematically exploit type-specif ic propert ies of the data to provide better availability and concurrency than methods based on the convent ional read/wr i te classif ication of operat ions. Necessary and suff icient constraints on correct implementations are derived directly from the data type specif icat ion. These constraints reveal that an object cannot be replicated in a way that simultaneously minimizes constraints on both availability and concurrency. C o p y r i g h t © 1985 Maurice Herlihy i' This research was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DOD), ARPA Order No. 3597, monitored by the Air Force Avionics Laboratory Under Contract F33615-81-K-1539 The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the US Government.