cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer by Natural Convection of Helium Between Horizontal Isothermal Concentric Cylinders at Cryogenic Temperature

An experimental study was performed of the heat transfer by natural convection of helium between horizontal isothermal concentric cylinders at cryogenic temperatures. Time-averaged temperature profiles at various locations in the annulus and overall heat transfer rates were measured as the Rayleigh number was varied from 6 {times} 10{sup 6} to 2 {times} 10{sup 9} and the expansion number from 0.20 to 1.0 for a constant Prandtl number of 0.688 and diameter ratio of 3.36. It was found that the heat transfer rate depends on the magnitude of the expansion number as well as on the magnitude of the Rayleigh number. With gas properties evaluated at a volume-weighted reference temperature, a correlation equation is presented that correlates the heat transfer data with maximum deviations of {minus}8.2 and +8.5 percent. The results of this study are compared with previously published studies of other investigators.
Household cooking fuel hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide emissions from stalks, coal and biogas

Abstract The indoor air pollution resulting from combustion of household cooking and heating fuels is increasingly recognized as a major detrimental influence on health. A pilot-scale study of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide concentrations in cooking areas was conducted in Henan Province, People's Republic of China. Data were collected in cooking areas utilizing crop stalks, coal, and biogas generated from family-scale anaerobic digesters and a large, distillery residue system. Although biogas was not scrubbed in any case, no recordable levels of hydrogen sulfide were detected in any of the areas. Sulfur dioxide levels in cooking areas where coal and stalks were used were found to average about four times higher than for biogas. The differences were statistically significant for coal but not for stalks. Problems and considerations for related studies and the aspects of biogas in ameliorating indoor air pollution are discussed.
An enzyme immunoassay for rat growth hormone: applications to the study of growth hormone variants

A sensitive and specific competitive enzyme immunoassay for rat growth hormone (GH) is described and its use in the detection of GH variants is demonstrated. In the present assay, soluble GH and GH adsorbed to a solid-phase support compete for monkey anti-GH antibody binding sites. The immobilized antibody-GH complex is detected and quantified using goat antimonkey immunoglobin G covalently conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. It is noted that the assay can be performed in 27 hours and that sensitivities in the range of 0.19 to 25 ng can be obtained in the region of 10 to 90 percent binding.
The late effects of neonatal hyperthyroidism upon the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in the rat.

Rats treated during the first 5 days of life with pharmacologic doses of thyroxin (T4) subsequently develop a variety of persistent endocrine abnormalities which are designated the “neo-T4 syndrome.” In the present experiments the rats treated neonatally were smaller and their pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, testicular and ventral prostate weights were decreased. Their plasma TSH concentration was reduced, the metabolic clearance rate of exogenous TSH was normal, and the calculated basal TSH secretion rate was reduced from 30.2 ± 3.3 μU/min to 19.7 ±1.4. In four different experiments to test the response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation there was a subnormal secretion of TSH in rats with the neo-T4 syndrome. The TRH content of the hypothalamifrom the neo- T4 treated rats was measured by radioimmunoassay and found to be unexpectedly and significantly elevated from a mean control value of 5.58 ± 0.12 ng/ hypothalamus to 7.12 ± 0.39 ng. It is concluded that the reduction in circulating TSH in ...
New classes of Si-based photonic materials and device architectures via designer molecular routes

Ge/Sn-based group IV semiconductors with tunable band gaps across the wide IR range were synthesized using designer hydrides with tailored Si, Ge and Sn stoichiometries and structures. GeSn, SiGeSn, SiSn and SiGeSn/Ge heterostructures undergo indirect to direct band gap transitions via strain engineering and alloy composition tuning, providing the basis for integration of microelectronics with optical components into a single chip. SiGeSn systems also enable buffer layer technologies with unprecedented lattice and thermal matching capabilities for applications in monolithic integration of III–V semiconductors with Si electronics.
A survey of adherence to community-generated safety guidelines in rotor-wing air medical programs.

Abstract Introduction Operational safety, both crash prevention and improved crash survival, is a central concern in the air medical community. Professional organizations have published operational safety guidelines, but the extent to which those guidelines are followed is unclear. We report the results of a survey of adherence with selected safe practice recommendations. Methods An anonymous survey of adherence with 8 individual and 11 program safety guidelines was distributed to flight team members at 10 Association of Air Medical Services-member rotor-wing air medical programs selected by stratified random sample to ensure geographic diversity. Descriptive statistics are reported and relationships are evaluated with the chi-square test. The sample size provided 80% power at a .05 significance level for the comparisons. Results Data were analyzed from 126 of the 200 surveys distributed. Adherence with program-wide safety behaviors ranged from 41.3% (complete a pre-departure checklist) to 99.2% (program has an annual safety review). Adherence to individual behaviors ranged from 15.1% (wear fire-resistant gloves) to 99.2% (wear seatbelts and shoulder harnesses on approach and departure). There was 100% adherence to wearing helmets by the respondents whose program provided a helmet at no cost to the staff member. There were no associations between job description and any individual behavior. Hospital-operated programs were less likely to have a daily briefing ( P P P = .07). Non–hospital-operated programs were less likely to provide helmets ( P P P = .01). Conclusion Both organizational and individual adherence to community safety recommendations are variable and not universal. There is variability by operational models.
Wood and stem anatomy of Lardizabalaceae, with comments on the vining habit, ecology and systematics

CARLQUIST, S., 1984. Wood and stem anatomy of Lardizabalaceae, with comments on the vining habit, ecology and systematics. Qualitative and quantitative data, based mostly upon liquid-preserved specimens, are presented for Akebia, Roquila, Decaisnea, Holbodia, Lardizabala, Sinofranchetia and Stauntonia. Because Decaisnea is a shrub whereas the other genera are vines, anatomical differences attributable to the scandent habit can be considered. These include exceptionally wide vessels, a high proportion of vessels to tracheids (or other imperforate trdcheary elements) as seen in transection, simple perforation plates, multiseriate rays which are wide and tall, and pith which is partly or wholly sclerenchymatous. With respect to ecology, two features are discussed: spirals in narrower vessels may relate to adaptation to freezing in the species of colder areas, and crystalliferous sclereids seem adapted in morphology and position to deterrence of phytophagous insects or herbivores. The wood may provide mechanisms for maintaining conduction even if wider vessels are deactivated temporarily by formation of air embolisms. Wood and stem anatomy of Lardizabalaceae compare closely to those of Berberidaceae and of Clematis (Ranunculaceae), as well as to other families of Berberidales. Decaisnea is more primitive than these in having consistently sralariform perforation plates and in having scalariform pitting on lateral walls of vessels. A tentative listing of anatomical features which may correspond to generic limits is given.
Acceleration of bulk memory operations in a heterogeneous multicore architecture

In this paper, we present a novel approach of using the integrated GPU to accelerate conventional operations that are normally performed by the CPUs, the bulk memory operations, such as memcpy or memset. Offloading the bulk memory operations to the GPU has many advantages, i) the throughput driven GPU outperforms the CPU on the bulk memory operations; ii) for on-die GPU with unified cache between the GPU and the CPU, the GPU private caches can be leveraged by the CPU for storing moved data and reducing the CPU cache bottleneck; iii) with additional lightweight hardware, asynchronous offload can be supported as well; and iv) different from the prior arts using dedicated hardware copy engines (e.g., DMA), our approach leverages the exiting GPU hardware resources as much as possible. The performance results based on our solution showed that offloaded bulk memory operations outperform CPU up to 4.3 times in micro benchmarks while still using less resources. Using eight real world applications and a cycle based full system simulation environment, the results showed 30% speedup for five, more than 20% speedup for two of the eight applications.
TOWARD AN ARISTOTELIAN CONCEPTION OF GOOD LISTENING

In this essay Suzanne Rice examines Aristotle's ideas about virtue, character, and education as elements in an Aristotelian conception of good listening. Rice begins by surveying of several different contexts in which listening typically occurs, using this information to introduce the argument that what should count as “good listening” must be determined in relation to the situation in which listening actually occurs. On this view, Rice concludes, there are no “essential” listening virtues, but rather ways of listening that may be regarded as virtuous in the context of particular concrete circumstances.
Early Land Plants

After three decades of vigorous research on the Siluro-Devonian floras neither interest nor productivity is slackening. Some newer developments and comments on the two previous papers are listed here to highlight the varied disciplines and approaches that are being brought to bear on Silurian-early Devonian floras. (i) Banks (1981) reported wounds, probably inflicted by chewing microarthropods, in axes of Psilophyton dawsonii repaired by the form ation of a periderm . Unreported evidence indicates wounding and repair stimulated by piercing and sucking activity of other animals. These observations complement the work of Kevan et al. (1975) on arthropods and damage to plants that are found in the Rhynie Chert, and that of Shear et al . (1984) on a new terrestrial fauna from eastern New York. Interest in plant-anim al interrelationships will attract a new group of scholars to the study of Siluro-Devonian plants. Particularly im portant will be the m aceration of large quantities of rock. (ii) Stubblefield & Banks (1983) found oomycetous fungi within cells in the cellularly perm ineralized aerial axes of Psilophyton dawsonii . Rayner (1983) reported apparent fungal bodies in the spines on compression specimens of Sawdonia ornata . These reports supplem ent that by Kevan et al . (1975) on the fungi in the Rhynie Chert. Whether the fungi were parasitic or saprophytic, or were mycorrhizal as suggested by Pirozynski & Malloch (1975), is unclear on the basis of present evidence. Sherwood-Pike & Gray (1985) have isolated hyphae and spores of higher fungi from macerates of mid to late Silurian rocks from Gotland. Other fragments appear to be coprolites of arthropods that include fragments of hyphae. They suggest that fungi and microarthropods may have served as terrestrial decomposers during late Silurian. Pratt et al. (1978) reported septate fungi in earliest Silurian. These introductory works imply a productive future in the study of Siluro-Devonian terrestrial fungi.
Equivalent Statistical Bandwidths of Conventional Low-Pass Filters

The equivalent statistical bandwidths of low-pass Butterworth filters up to ten poles and Chebyshev filters up to eight poles for six different passband ripple levels have been computed and are tabulated along with the corresponding noise bandwidths. The results should be useful for evaluating the statistical error arising from power spectrum measurements such as encountered in the sensitivity analysis of microwave radiometer systems.
Metastable Heat Flow Phenomena and Drooping Pressure Differences in He II Using Multiple Channel Configurations

Superheating of liquid helium from the He II phase up to 3.0 K is demonstrated in one dimensional multiple channel configurations at pressures below the lamda point pressure. The individual channels have diameters of 10, 50 or 100 μm. Counterflow is produced by heating the lower reservoir which is connected to the bath through the multiple channel. The fountain pressure reaches a plateau when the temperature increases steeply due to turbulence. The observed Gorter-Mellink parameter appears diameter-dependent below 100 μm. Relaxation times related to the decay of the vortex line density may adversely effect He II thermal conductivity during cooldowns.
The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream. Barack Obama

As presidential candidate Barack Obama's introduction of himself to voters, Audacity of Hope largely succeeds. One gets a sense of a husband and father struggling to balance sometimes conflicting r...
Children's Strategies for Solving Compositional Problems with Peers.

This article reports some of the findings of a qualitative study of musical learning processes. The data were drawn from analysis of videotapes and audiotapes that shadowed the classroom experiences of two target students in a fifth-grade general music class over a period of 5 months.A portion of the curriculum in the study class involved small-group composition projects. Findings reported here characterize the group composition process in terms of the nature of the strategies the children used as they worked together with peers to solve those compositional problems. Children who were successful in completing class assignments used strategies that seemed to follow a pattern of moving from whole (initial planning) to part (development of motivic ideas) and back to whole (reassembling and practicing). The children's decisions seemed to stem from a holistic viewpoint, reflecting a preconceived vision of the final product from the outset. In contrast, there were very few instances of random exploration.
p57(Kip2) regulates progenitor cell proliferation and amacrine interneuron development in the mouse retina.

A precise balance between proliferation and differentiation must be maintained during retinal development to obtain the correct proportion of each of the seven cell types found in the adult tissue. Cyclin kinase inhibitors can regulate cell cycle exit coincident with induction of differentiation programs during development. We have found that the p57(Kip2) cyclin kinase inhibitor is upregulated during G(1)/G(0) in a subset of retinal progenitor cells exiting the cell cycle between embryonic day 14.5 and 16.5 of mouse development. Retroviral mediated overexpression of p57(Kip2) in embryonic retinal progenitor cells led to premature cell cycle exit. Retinae from mice lacking p57(Kip2) exhibited inappropriate S-phase entry and apoptotic nuclei were found in the region where p57(Kip2) is normally expressed. Apoptosis precisely compensated for the inappropriate proliferation in the p57(Kip2)-deficient retinae to preserve the correct proportion of the major retinal cell types. Postnatally, p57(Kip2) was found to be expressed in a novel subpopulation of amacrine interneurons. At this stage, p57(Kip2)did not regulate proliferation. However, perhaps reflecting its role during this late stage of development, animals lacking p57(Kip2) showed an alteration in amacrine subpopulations. p57(Kip2) is the first gene to be implicated as a regulator of amacrine subtype/subpopulation development. Consequently, we propose that p57(Kip2) has two roles during retinal development, acting first as a cyclin kinase inhibitor in mitotic progenitor cells, and then playing a distinct role in neuronal differentiation.
Robust asymptotic stabilizability of Petersen's counterexample via a linear static controller

A stabilizing linear static controller is discovered for a linear time-varying uncertain system of Petersen. We use the concept of a sandwich cone decomposition to show that Petersen's system is stabilizable by linear static controllers. We establish the surprising result that Petersen's system is stabilizable against time-varying uncertainties on any given compact subset of the uncertainty controllability space. Our work suggests the use of "scalar-quadratic" Lyapunov functions, a special subclass of polyhedral Lyapunov functions, in establishing stability for other linear time-varying uncertain systems, and it reopens the study of the conjecture: stabilizability via nonlinear control always implies stabilizability via linear control. >
Glanders: an overview of infection in humans

Glanders is a highly contagious and often fatal zoonotic disease, primarily of solipds. In the developed world, glanders has been eradicated. However, prior use of B. mallei as a biological weapon and its high mortality in inhalation animal studies has affirmed B. mallei as a biodefense concern. This threat requires the development of new glanders medical countermeasures (MCMs), as there is a lack of an effective vaccine and lengthy courses of multiple antibiotics needed to eradicate B. mallei. Here, we present a literature review of human glanders in which we discuss the clinical epidemiology and risk factors, potential routes of exposure, symptoms, the incubation period, and specific diagnostics. This review focuses on pulmonary glanders, as this is the most likely outcome of a biological weapons attack. Additionally, we outline current treatment regimens and propose a clinical definition of human pulmonary glanders infection.
The early stages of solute distribution below a transition temperature

We now recognize that there are many possibilities for decomposition: ordering in the matrix followed by precipitation, decomposition followed by ordering, transition phases,etc. Both energetic and kinetic factors can cause such sequences. The formation of coherent phases in some Al, Cu, and Au systems is reviewed. A simpler understanding of Guinier-Preston (GP) zone development in these alloys has emerged. Also, it is not clear that homogeneous nucleation occurs at all in most systems, either in precipitation or on ordering, because fluctuating regions, like the low-temperature phase, are often present in the solid solution about the solvus. Further-more, coherency strain may play an important role in the beginnings of these phase transfor-mations, controlling whether precipitation or ordering or even displacive transformation occurs, and may strongly affect the coherent phase diagram.
The Costs of Quality: An Interactive Model of Appraisal, Prevention and Failures

The control of spending on health care while improving or maintaining quality is one of the most difficult problems confronting policy analysts. In this paper hypothetical data and an Excel spreadsheet are used to develop a model that estimates the costs of quality management. The focus is on the interaction between appraisal costs, prevention costs and the costs of failures. This approach enables the health service organization to estimate the costs associated with each of the three components and to assess the influence of appraisal and prevention on failure costs. The article concludes with a discussion of methods that might be used to assemble the required data and the benefits that might be derived by adopting the model.
Renal clearances of oxypurinol and inulin on an isocaloric, low-protein diet.

In previous studies a low-calorie, low-protein diet caused a sustained reduction in both oxypurinol and uric acid renal clearances (CLR). With the hypothesis that the decrease in CLR was due to the low-protein and not the low-caloric content of the diet, we studied the CLR of oxypurinol, uric acid, creatinine, and inulin in normal subjects during isocaloric (2600 calories per 70 kg per day), normal-protein (150 gm per day), and low-protein (19 gm per day) diets. There were three major findings: (1) the CLR of oxypurinol declined from 26.6 ± 1.8 ml/min on the normal-protein diet to 13.5 ± 1.4 ml/min on the isocaloric low-protein diet (p < 0.05); (2) the CLR of inulin and creatinine fell 14% and 20%, respectively, on the low-protein diet compared with the normal-protein diet (both p < 0.05); and (3) there was a diurnal variation in the CLR of oxypurinol. We conclude that the decreased CLR of oxypurinol was the result of the reduced protein content of the diet and the CLR of both inulin and creatinine were decreased on the low-protein diet. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1988) 43, 681–687; doi:10.1038/clpt.1988.95
The Message to Laodicea and the Problem of Its Local Context: A Study of the Imagery in Rev 3.14–22

Leading images in the message to Laodicea (Rev 3.14–22) are often thought to allude to the Laodicean water supply, banks, textiles, and medical school. Re-examination of available evidence, however, shows that this is unlikely. Instead, the references to hot, cold, and lukewarm draw on common dining practices. The admonitions concerning poverty and gold, blindness and eye salve, and nakedness and white garments invoke expressions and commodities that were familiar throughout the region. Using such common images enables the message to address local issues while being read and appropriated by a wider audience.
Design and Development of a Software-Defined Underwater Acoustic Modem for Sensor Networks for Environmental and Ecological Research

This paper describes the design and successful development of an acoustic modem for potential use in underwater ecological sensor networks. The presentation includes theoretical study, design and development of both software and hardware, laboratory experiments, and the documentation and analysis of field-test results.
Congenital Hemolytic Anemia

Anemia due to premature destruction of RBCs is classified as hemolytic, and may be secondary to acquired or inherited (congenital) abnormalities in RBC membrane, hemoglobin, or metabolism. This article reviews the topic of congenital hemolytic anemias and points out a practical approach to diagnosis and therapy. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The primary function of RBCs is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. The normal RBC circulates within the vascular system for about 120 days. Survival to its full life span depends upon effective metabolism of glucose to generate high-energy phosphates such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and to maintain adequate levels of reduced glutathione. ATP is essential for cellular deformability and for function of many RBC enzymes, whereas reduced glutathione protects the cell against damage from oxidants. The water and cation content of the cell is maintained by barriers to permeation, and by transport mechanisms located within the cell membrane. The integrity of the membrane is determined by a group of membrane proteins (skeletal proteins) and by the lipid bilayer surrounding the cell. Genetic or acquired defects of any of these components of the RBC may lead to cellular damage and result in hemolytic anemia. CLINICAL FEATURES Hemolytic anemia should be suspected in any child with anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly.
Active electromagnetic structures, metamaterials, and antennas

If we are limited to rearranging passive materials such as dielectrics and metals, then the performance of antennas, artificial materials, and other electromagnetic structures that we build will always be determined by the same fundamental limitations that affect today's designs. By including active circuits, it is possible to exceed the limitations of passive structures and to build materials and devices that are not otherwise possible. One example is a thin, broadband leaky wave antenna that is free of beam squint. This structure can also be used as a broadband, electrically thin cloaking structure. Another example is a broadband parasitic array that does not suffer from bandwidth limitations caused by the delay between the elements. We have demonstrated several new concepts based on active electromagnetic structures, and have successfully implemented the non-Foster circuits that are necessary to realize them.
Characterization of urania vaporization with transpiration coupled thermogravimetry

Abstract Transpiration measurements are very useful for determining equilibrium vapor pressures of materials. However, the traditional technique involves condensing the volatiles entrained in a carrier gas outside of the hot measurement zone. One potential problem is deposition en route to a cooled collector. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) can be used to measure in situ mass loss due to vaporization and therefore obviate the need to analyze the entire gas train due to premature plating of vapor species. Therefore, a transpiration coupled TGA technique was used to determine equilibrium pressures of UO3 gas over fluorite structure UO2+x and U3O8 at T = (1573 and 1773) K. The results are compared to calculations from models and databases in the open literature. This study gives clarity to the thermochemical data for UO3 gas and validates the mass loss transpiration method using thermogravimetry for determining equilibrium vapor pressures of non-stoichiometric oxides.
Life History and Damage of a New Baradinae Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Amaryllis

Abstract A small Baradinae weevil that feeds on amaryllis plants has been known in Florida for over 15 years. It is yet to be named taxonomically and its life history has not been studied previously. Observations on weevil damage were made on containerized amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybrids) plants naturally infested in a greenhouse or used for colony rearing. Laboratory studies were conducted at ambient room temperature (75°C) with excised leaves to obtain information on weevil life history. Adults lived about 3 months, and fed on basal versus apical leaf tissue. Females inserted eggs near the thickened leaf base, and eggs were 0.65 ± 0.02 mm long by 0.40 ± 0.01 mm wide. Females laid >400 eggs over their lifetime, with egg production increasing over the first 7 weeks and then tending to decline. Eclosion ranged from 51% for eggs removed from host tissue within 24 h to 84% for eggs removed from host tissue after 24 h of oviposition. In tests with excised leaf tissue, eggs hatched after 7.1 d and larval develo...
MORTALITY AMONG WHITE AND NONWHITE FARMERS IN NORTH CAROLINA, 1976–1978

Death certificate information identified 9,245 white and 3,508 nonwhite men who died in North Carolina during 1976-1978 and who had been farmers. The distribution of deaths from various causes among these men was compared to that of other male decedents in the state. For both white and nonwhite farmers, proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) were elevated for tuberculosis (whites, 1.6; nonwhites, 1.7), diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (whites, 2.5; nonwhites, 1.5), and external causes (whites, 1.2; nonwhites, 1.1) and were decreased for cancers of the esophagus (whites and nonwhites, 0.5) and large intestine and rectum (whites and nonwhites, 0.7). White farmers had an increased relative frequency of melanoma (PMR = 1.2) and other skin cancer (PMR = 1.8), while nonwhite farmers had an increased relative frequency of melanoma (PMR = 6.3), brain cancer (PMR = 2.3), and leukemia (PMR = 1.9). In addition, among decedents under 65 years of age, both white and nonwhite farmers had an elevated proportional mortality ratio for prostate cancer (whites, 1.6; nonwhites, 1.3). Many of these results are consistent with observations from other studies. Some of these findings, particularly those for nonwhites, warrant further evaluation, including detailed investigation of possibly related farming practices.
Epigenetic inhibition of adaptive bypass responses to lapatinib by targeting BET Bromodomains

The characterization of kinases as oncogenic drivers has led to more than 30 FDA-approved targeted kinase inhibitors for cancer treatment. Unfortunately, these therapeutics fail to have clinical durability because of adaptive responses from the kinome and transcriptome that bypass inhibition of the targeted pathway. In our recent work, we describe a method to prevent these adaptive responses at an epigenetic level, generating a durable response to kinase inhibition.
Effect of Color and Design of Traps on Captures of Japanese Beetles and Bumblebees

Green-painted and yellow-painted traps captured about the same number of Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman, but yellow traps consistently captured large numbers of bumblebees. Bombus spp. Yellow traps without lures captured half as many bumblebees as baited traps, whereas Japanese beetles were not attracted to unbaited traps. Baited traps painted white were highly attractive to bumblebees but less attractive than green traps to Japanese beetles. Traps coated with aluminum foil captured few of either insect, and traps made of yellow plastic were not so efficient as those made of metal and painted yellow. Captures of Japanese beetles in Ellisco®, Metzger, or Scout-type yellow-metal traps did not differ significantly.
An analysis for transient states with application to tumor shrinkage

The evaluation of therapies for chronic diseases is often based on the frequency and/or the duration of improvement. Treated separately, these endpoints may give contradictory impressions of the efficacy of the therapy. We propose a more unified method of summarizing improvement-related data--the probability of being in response, i.e., improved, as a function of time. Although improvement is not the only endpoint considered in most trials and this function will not always provide a clear answer to the question of which treatment has better improvement-related characteristics, it does combine the information on several endpoints usually considered separately into a single easily interpreted item. This function is estimated using the method of maximum likelihood on a distribution-free stochastic model of times to improvement and failure. Censored observations are taken into account. A detailed example using data from a cancer clinical trial is presented.
Equations in Quaternions

(1941). Equations in Quaternions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 48, No. 10, pp. 654-661.
SYNCOPE AND JUNCTIONAL ESCAPE ARRHYTHMIA AS A PRESENTATION OF DELAYED MIXED HIGH GRADE CELLULAR AND ANTIBODY-MEDIATED REJECTION EIGHT YEARS POST ORTHOTOPIC HEART TRANSPLANT

Acute cellular and antibody-mediated rejection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the heart transplant patient. Sequelae of such rejection can occur in early and late windows. Identification and treatment of these potentially delayed processes is paramount to resolving severe
Under the Condition of Informatization of Teaching Reform on the Military Flight Training Environment Thinking

We must deepen the reform,innovative talent training environment and training mechanism,trying to get flight training become empty days under the condition of informatization fighters on the battlefield and the strategic air force future leaders.
Global Brand Purchase Intentions and the South African Consumer

This paper presents the research findings of a global brand study conducted in South Africa. This empirical research sought to evaluate the relative contribution of the following eight constructs on global brand purchase intent: country of origin, brand familiarity, brand liking, brand trust, ethnocentrism, cosmopolitanism, global-local identify, global consumer culture and exposure to multinational advertising. Step-wise regression models were used for the study’s ten brands. The regression models indicated that brand liking and brand trust were the most important predictors of global brand purchase intent in the studied sample of South African consumers.
The 5000-Year Circle of Debt Clemency: From Sumer and Babylon to America and Europe

The notion of compulsory debt clemency has come full circle during the past five millennia. This brief paper surveys this progression over three relatively distinct periods. In the first period, rulers in ancient Sumer and Babylon imposed periodic debt amnesties to maintain social stability, especially a ready military base. This practice continued as a divine mandate for the ancient Hebrews in several passages of the Torah. In the several centuries surrounding the coming of Christ, however, a second period saw two millennia of waning enthusiasm for compelled debt forgiveness. Roman and later Islamic law mandated only a limited form of debt clemency, though both Christian and Muslim ideals encouraged creditors to offer full remission of distressed debts voluntarily. The circle began to close with the beginning of a third period in post-Enlightenment England and especially the new United States of America. The renewed notion of legally compelled debt clemency faced skepticism if not hostility elsewhere until the late 1900s and early 2000s, when the idea spread like wildfire throughout Europe. Modern legislators took up compulsory debt clemency for largely the same reasons as their Sumerian and Babylonian predecessors thousands of years earlier: to maintain social stability and maximize competitiveness with foreign powers, this time in an economic rather than a military sense.
A digitally controllable current readout circuit and modulator unit for remote monitoring and biotelemetry applications

Healthcare providers are depending on remote patient monitoring system more and more to treat a patient before the conditions become acute. Low-power electronics is an integral part of the remote patient monitoring system which is required for data acquisition, signal processing and data transmission. This work reports a low-power digitally controllable current readout circuit and a modulator unit designed for remote patient monitoring system. The current readout block converts current (0.2 µA to 5 µA) from biosensors to a data signal whose frequency is proportional to the sensor current. A switched capacitor based modulator is realized which modulates the data using a low-power digital modulation scheme. The current readout and the modulator units are digitally controllable to save power and to provide either ASK or FSK modulated output signal. The circuit is simulated using a 0.35-µm standard CMOS process and it occupies less than 0.053 mm2 of chip area. Power consumption of the circuit varies from 44 µW to 57 µW for 0.2 µA to 5 µA input current with 1.5 V supply, which is very attractive for biosensor applications.
Earth-based antenna network tradeoffs for NASA's Space Exploration Initiative (SEI)

The results of a tradeoff study conducted for selection of the most viable Earth-based antenna network architecture for support of NASA's Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) lunar and Mars missions are summarized. The study addressed the lunar mission support requirements, and examined the performance, operations, and cost tradeoffs of using either the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) large 34-m antennas or smaller commercial antennas to replace or supplement the 34-m antennas. The results are presented as a set of eight tables. >
Feminist Therapy Pioneer: E. Kitch Childs

ABSTRACTThis article will focus on the life of the late Dr. E. Kitch Childs and her impact on Feminist Therapy. It seeks to celebrate and pay homage to her as one of the pioneers who helped pave the way for women in therapy. Dr. Childs was an African American lesbian woman who stood in the gap for social justice with her intellect, tenacity, and bravery and took the lead as a radical visionary.
Crowding Agents Direct Amyloid Beta into Membrane-Active Oligomers

Oligomeric Amyloid-β (1-42) peptides are considered to be the most toxic species connected to the occurrence of Alzheimer disease. However, not all aggregation conditions promote oligomer formation in vitro, raising the question whether oligomer formation in vivo also requires a specific suitable cellular environment. In this study we find that the presence of osmolytes such as glucose and sucrose Aβ (1-42) strongly favors oligomer formation. We characterized oligomers by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, immuno transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence cross correlation spectroscopy techniques. We found that Aβ (1-42) spontaneously and rapidly forms low molecular weight oligomers in the presence of sugars. Slightly acidic pH (6.7-7) greatly favors oligomer formation when compared to the extracellular physiological pH (7.4). Circular dichroism demonstrated that in presence of crowding agents Aβ (1-42) oligomers did not adopt a β-sheet structure, whereas in the absence of these agents Aβ (1-42) formed β-sheets. Unstructured oligomeric Aβ (1-42) interacted with membrane bilayers of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV). We recently found that interaction with neuronal membranes initiates aggregation of Aβ (1-42) and neuronal uptake. Our data suggest that crowding agents in the extracellular space facilitate the formation of membrane-active Aβ (1-42) oligomers.
CRH Affects the Phenotypic Expression of Sepsis-Associated Virulence Factors by Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 1 In vitro.

Sepsis is a life-threatening health condition caused by infectious pathogens of the respiratory tract, and accounts for 28%-50% of annual deaths in the US alone. Current treatment regimen advocates the use of corticosteroids as adjunct treatment with antibiotics, for their broad inhibitory effect on the activity and production of pro-inflammatory mediators. However, despite their use, corticosteroids have not proven to be able to reverse the death incidence among septic patients. We have previously demonstrated the potential for neuroendocrine factors to directly influence Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence, which may in turn mediate disease outcome leading to sepsis and septic shock. The current study investigated the role of Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in mediating key markers of pneumococcal virulence as important phenotypic determinants of sepsis and septic shock risks. In vitro cultures of serotype 1 pneumococcal strain with CRH promoted growth rate, increased capsule thickness and penicillin resistance, as well as induced pneumolysin gene expression. These results thus provide significant insights of CRH-pathogen interactions useful in understanding the underlying mechanisms of neuroendocrine factor’s role in the onset of community acquired pneumonias (CAP), sepsis and septic shock.
Domestic Workers and Sectoral Bargaining

Scholars have debated the role of sectoral bargaining in the current labor law landscape. Some argue that sectoral or social bargaining is the wave of the future and is a vital complement to traditional firm-level bargaining, while others argue that recent sectoral bargaining-type campaigns, such as minimum wage campaigns, take energy away from traditional collective bargaining and are not sustainable without it. This article examines this question through the lens of domestic work – that is, the work of nannies, home-care workers for the elderly and disabled, housecleaners, and other in-home caregivers. Domestic work is unique in that work relationships tend to be informal and employers tend to be individual families. Traditional collective bargaining is challenging for two related reasons: First, on the employee side, there is no collective – domestic workers are usually the sole employees in a home; and second, with respect to the employer, there is no firm. Thus, questions about the value and role of sectoral bargaining have a unique valence in this context. At the same time, this analysis points to the presumptions and limitations of traditional notions of collective bargaining. Traditional collective bargaining happens at the firm level – that is, a union representing employees of a particular company bargains with that company over such issues as wages, seniority rules, and termination. Sectoral or social bargaining happens at the sectoral or industry level, and can involve the government, thus the role of the firm is less robust. This article explores how the domestic work sector sheds light on the debate about the normative value of sectoral or social bargaining in the labor movement. I argue that unions have already successfully used sectoral bargaining in the publicly-funded home care sector, but that without strong structural support for worker organizations, gains achieved through sectoral bargaining-like legislative campaigns for domestic workers’ rights are more difficult to enforce.
Technologien für Digitalisierungslösungen

In diesem Kapitel werden Technologien und innovative Losungsansatze vorgestellt, die heute oder in absehbarer Zeit fur Digitalisierungsprojekte in der Automobilindustrie zur Verfugung stehen. Diese betreffen die Informations-Technologie wie z. B. Cloud-Angebote, mobile Anwendungen, Big Data und Cognitive Computing, aber auch die Produktionstechnik mit Robotik, Drohnen, Nanotechnologie und 3D-Druck, kleine elektronische am Korper tragbare Gerate bis hin zu spielerischen Formen der Projektarbeit, der sogenannten Gamification. Das Kapitel erlautert die wesentlichen Entwicklungen mit dem Ziel, die praxisrelevanten Einsatzmoglichkeiten und Nutzenpotentiale dieser Losungen zu verstehen, um ihre Relevanz fur aktuelle und kurzfristig anstehende Projekte fur die digitale Transformation einschatzen zu konnen.
Abstract 20192: Impact on Ejection Fraction and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Patients Undergoing Fractional Flow Reserve versus Angiography Guided Revascularization

Introduction: FFR has become the gold standard for assessing inducible myocardial ischemia in patients being evaluated for revascularization of intermediate grade coronary lesions. Outcomes in FFR ...
Damage Control Cardiothoracic Surgery

Although damage control as a surgical concept and/or technique has become part of the trauma surgeon’s armamentarium for the past 25 years, it is meritorious to review its origins and indications. The concept, as described, takes its origin from Stone’s [1] hallmark work describing the “bailout” approach in honor of World War II paratroopers. In his 1986 seminal paper [1], he recognized a physiological “cluster” of intraoperative signs, i.e., coagulopathy, prompting interruption of trauma surgical procedures after institution of hemorrhage containing measures and packing of the abdominal cavity. He then proposed returning patients to a critical care setting and correcting the coagulopathy of trauma to return to the operating room later for definitive surgery.
State programs in speech and hearing therapy: Part I: Legislation

(1955). State programs in speech and hearing therapy. The Speech Teacher: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 101-109.
What is the Problem of Mental Causation

Giving an account of mental causation — in particular, explaining how it is possible for the mental to causally affect the physical — has been one of the central problems in the philosophy of mind over the past decade or so. The problem of course is not new: Descartes famously was confronted by many of his contemporaries — for example, Gassendi and Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia — with the same question. But this does not mean that Descartes’ problem is our problem. For his problem, as his contemporaries saw it, arose from his substantival dualism, a dualism of material and mental substance. But, at least for most of us, that is not the source of our worries about mental causation. Few of us now believe in the existence of substantival minds or some kind of mind-stuff that is ontologically independent of material bodies.
Direct Assessment of Uncertainty using Stochastic Flow Simulation

The main objective of this paper is to develop a technique for direct assessment of reservoir flow performance uncertainties. This is achieved via a single stochastic flow simulation that combines a model for local geologic uncertainty with a simple analog for the flow transfer function to estimate the joint probability distribution that characterizes the global uncertainty in flow performance. Our method provides the framework to go directly from local uncertainty, derived using simple spatial interpolation techniques, to flow uncertainty, skipping the intermediate steps of stochastic sequential simulation and not requiring any fine-scale flow simulations.
Dynamic cognitive maps for agent landmark navigation in unseen environments

The development of autonomous agents for wayfinding tasks has long maintained the usage of naive, omniscient models for navigation. The simplicity of these models improves the scalability of crowd simulations, but limits the utility of such simulations to the visualization of general behaviors. This restricted scope does not allow for the observation of more nuanced, individualized behaviors. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel framework for agent simulations that does not rely on omniscience. Instead, each agent is equipped with a memory architecture that enables wayfinding by maintaining a cognitive map of the space explored by the agent. Based on findings from simulation studies, cognitive science, and psychology, we describe a wayfinding procedure that simulates human behavior and human cognitive processes, incorporating landmark navigation, path integration, and memory. This cognitive approach makes observations of agent behavior more comparable to those of human behavior.
A field study on the possible attachment of DPM and respirable dust in mining environments

Abstract Typcial monitoring procedures for diesel particulate matter (DPM) in mines include the collection of filter samples using particle size selectors. The size selectors are meant to separate the DPM, which is generally considered to occur in the submicron range (i.e.,
Estimates for the Constitutive Moduli of Ductile Materials Containing a Small Volume Fraction of Voids or Inclusions

Summary A technique for estimating some of the constitutive moduli of a ductile material containing a small volume fraction of voids or inclusions is proposed. The estimates are obtained from a volume average of the strain-rate in the matrix and strain-rate in the voids or inclusions. To first order in the volume fraction of holes or inclusions, the result for the response of a single hole or inclusion in an infinite or very large block of the matrix can be used to determine the average strain-rate in the voids or inclusions. The estimates obtained are shown to be in agreement with the first order estimates derived from a self-consistent averaging method. Results are derived for an elastic-plastic matrix containing voids, where the matrix material is assumed to obey J 2 flow theory, and for a power law creeping material containing voids growing by plasticity. Comparisons are made with other available estimates.