cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of the Internet in survey research

An Internet survey of the Pick's Disease Network showed the potential for use of the Internet for research into diseases that are too rare to find sufficient subjects to gather data on patient and family experiences, helpful interventions, and other care-related information. This descriptive survey used an author-constructed instrument posted on a university server to collect information on both the affected persons and the family. Although the sample cannot be scientific and controlled, there was a 68.6 per cent response rate. The fact that specialists and imaging technology had been used in making the diagnoses, and that, with one exception, the responses were comparable to information in other reports, increased, confidence in the validity of the sample and the responses. One of the biggest needs of caregivers and family members was for more information and support. This survey indicates that such research can provide information about rare diseases so that nurses can be more helpful to patients and caregivers. Further exploration of research uses of the Internet could not only help to get information on rare diseases, but perhaps offer unique research opportunities to students who are using distance-education technologies. J Prof Nurs 17:187-193, 2001.
The use of an auditory model in predicting perceptual ratings of breathy voice quality

Abstract Summary Despite much research, the relationship between vocal acoustic signals and perceived voice quality is not well understood. The present study used an auditory model proposed by Moore et al 10 to study how changes in the acoustic spectrum may relate to changes in perceptual ratings of breathiness. Perceptual ratings of breathiness were obtained using a multidimensional scaling (MDS) design. The stimulus distances on the dominant MDS dimension were correlated with several commonly used acoustic measures for voice quality. These distances were also compared with measures obtained from the output of the auditory model. Results show that the partial loudness of the harmonic energy obtained with the aspiration noise acting as a masker was the most important predictor of perceptual ratings of breathiness. Results also demonstrate that measures obtained from the auditory spectrum were better predictors of perceptual ratings of breathiness than were commonly used acoustic spectral measures.
Mobile web interface of academic libraries

More and more academic libraries are offering their services via a mobile web platform. This study examined the current status of the mobile web interface of academic libraries in terms of their usability and tried to suggest an effective mobile service design for academic libraries. Seventy-six mobile academic library web sites were identified. Their first pages were captured and their menu systems were analyzed for different aspects, such as frequently appearing menu items, a search box and search links, URL hiding, menu icons and textual menus. We found many undesirable interfaces that waste space or cause users to be confused. A significant gap between users' needs and the services offered was also identified. To overcome this gap, more efforts should be made in finding users' needs first and implementing services as much as possible to meet such demands.
Unexpected effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy on self-reported exercise behaviour and functional outcomes in older adults

Background: nearly 61% of older adults do not maintain recommended exercise levels emphasising the need for interventions that promote exercise. Objectives: to compare self-reported exercise behaviour and functional outcomes over 1 year across three groups of older adults: a cognitive-behavioural therapy group, an attention-control education group and a control group. Design: randomised intervention. Setting: community exercise facilities. Participants: three hundred and thirty-two older adults (mean age = 71.8 ± 5.1 years). Methods: all three groups received exercise training three times per week for 2 weeks and then one time per week for 8 weeks, during which time the therapy and education groups received their interventions. Blinded data collectors measured follow-up exercise behaviour and functional outcomes at 3-month intervals. Results: after controlling for previous year exercise behaviour, results showed that relative to the control group, the therapy and education groups increased their strengthening exercises over time (0.05 and 0.06 h/week higher, respectively); only the therapy group’s change was significant. Also, relative to the control group, the therapy and education groups significantly reduced their 6-min walking distances over time (−1.6 m, P = 0.030 and −1.5 m, P = 0.026, respectively). Conclusions: although the therapy group increased their strength training, they reduced their 6-min walking distance.
Versatility of Aminoglycosides and Prospects for Their Future

Aminoglycoside antibiotics have had a major impact on our ability to treat bacterial infections for the past half century. Whereas the interest in these versatile antibiotics continues to be high, their clinical utility has been compromised by widespread instances of resistance. The multitude of mechanisms of resistance is disconcerting but also illuminates how nature can manifest resistance when bacteria are confronted by antibiotics. This article reviews the most recent knowledge about the mechanisms of aminoglycoside action and the mechanisms of resistance to these antibiotics.
Infant, maternal, and geographic factors influencing gastroschisis related mortality in Zimbabwe.

Introduction Survival for infants with gastroschisis in developed countries has improved dramatically in recent decades with reported mortality rates of 4–7%. Conversely, mortality rates for gastroschisis in sub-Saharan Africa remain as great as 60% in contemporary series. This study describes the burden of gastroschisis at the major pediatric hospital in Zimbabwe with the goal of identifying modifiable factors influencing gastroschisis-related infant mortality. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of all cases of gastroschisis admitted to Harare Children's Hospital in 2013. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to describe infant, maternal, and geographic factors influencing survival. Results A total of 5,585 neonatal unit admissions were identified including 95 (1.7%) infants born with gastroschisis. Gastroschisis-related mortality was 84% (n = 80). Of infants with gastroschisis, 96% (n = 91) were born outside Harare Hospital, 82% (n = 78) were born outside Harare Province, and 23% (n = 25) were home births. The unadjusted odds of survival for these neonates with gastroschisis were decreased for low birth weight infants ( Conclusion Gastroschisis-related infant mortality in Zimbabwe is associated with well-known risk factors, including low birth weight, prematurity, and teenage mothers. However, modifiable factors identified in this study signify potential opportunities for developing innovative approaches to perinatal care in such a resource-constrained environment.
EEG and MRI data fusion for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is rising alarmingly as the average age of our population increases. There is no treatment to halt or slow the pathology responsible for AD, however, new drugs are promising to reduce the rate of progression. On the other hand, the efficacy of these new medications critically depends on our ability to diagnose AD at the earliest stage. Currently AD is diagnosed through longitudinal clinical evaluations, which are available only at specialized dementia clinics, hence beyond financial and geographic reach of most patients. Automated diagnosis tools that can be made available to community hospitals would therefore be very beneficial. To that end, we have previously shown that the event related potentials obtained from different scalp locations can be effectively used for early diagnosis of AD using an ensemble of classifiers based decision fusion approach. In this study, we expand our data fusion approach to include MRI based measures of regional brain atrophy. Our initial results indicate that ERPs and MRI carry complementary information, and the combination of these heterogeneous data sources using a decision fusion approach can significantly improve diagnostic accuracy.
Local anesthetics and wound healing

Abstract The effects of local anesthetics, lidocaine and bupivacaine, were tested in tissue cultures of 3T3 and W1-38 fibroblasts, in slices of newborn rat skin and in vivo in granuloma tissue induced by subcutaneous implantation of stainless steel cylinder in rats. The effects on the synthesis or amounts of DNA, collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAG), noncollagenous proteins, and the activity of prolyl hydroxylase were studied. We found that irrespective of the biological system used, both anesthetics inhibit the synthesis of collagen to a greater extent than noncollagenous proteins. The synthesis of GAG was inhibited as well. We observed no effect on the synthesis or amount of DNA. We conclude that local anesthetics inhibit wound healing by inhibiting the synthesis of major structural macromolecules, collagen and GAG.
Pulmonary Congestion Predicts Cardiac Events and Mortality in ESRD

Pulmonarycongestionishighlyprevalent and often asymptomaticamong patients withESRD treated with hemodialysis, but whether its presence predicts clinical outcomes is unknown. Here, we tested the prognostic value of extravascular lung water measured by a simple, well validated ultrasound B-lines score (BLUS) in a multicenter study that enrolled 392 hemodialysis patients. We detected moderate-to-severe lung congestion in 45% and very severe congestion in 14% of the patients. Among those patients with moderate-to-severe lung congestion, 71% were asymptomatic or presented slight symptoms of heart failure. Compared with those patients having mild or no congestion, patients with very severe congestion hada4.2-foldriskofdeath(HR=4.20,95%CI=2.45–7.23)anda3.2-foldriskofcardiacevents(HR=3.20,95% CI=1.75–5.88) adjusted for NYHA class and other risk factors. Including the degree of pulmonary congestion in the model significantly improved the risk reclassification for cardiac events by 10% (P,0.015). In summary, lung ultrasound can detect asymptomatic pulmonary congestion in hemodialysis patients, and the resulting BL-US score is a strong, independent predictor of death and cardiac events in this population.
Factors considered when outsourcing an IS system: an empirical examination of the impacts of organizational size, strategy and the object of a decision

As IT expenditures have been growing over the last few years, organizations have started to scrutinize them more closely and some are deciding to outsource parts of their Information Systems (IS) o...
Contact dermatitis to cosmetics, fragrances, and botanicals

Cosmetics, fragrances, and botanicals are important causes of allergic contact dermatitis. Identifying and avoiding the causative allergens can pose a challenge to both the patient and the dermatologist. The site of involvement can give the investigator clues to the cause of the eruption in many cases. Fragrances and preservatives are the two most clinically relevant allergens in cosmetics. Botanicals are being added to cosmetics because of consumer demand and are now being recognized as sources of allergy as well. Patch testing allows for the detection of allergens that are potentially relevant in the genesis of the patient's eczema. Common skin-care product allergens, including fragrances and botanicals as well as those found in sunscreen, nail, and hair-care products, are reviewed. Practical methods of allergen avoidance are also discussed.
RNase L Plays a Role in the Antiviral Response to West Nile Virus

Alleles at the Flv locus determine disease outcome after a flavivirus infection in mice. Although comparable numbers of congenic resistant and susceptible mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) are infected by the flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV), resistant MEFs produce ∼100- to 150-fold lower titers than susceptible ones and flavivirus titers in the brains of resistant and susceptible animals can differ by >10,000-fold. The Flv locus was previously identified as the 2′-5′ oligoadenylate synthetase 1b (Oas1b) gene. Oas gene expression is up-regulated by interferon (IFN), and after activation by double-stranded RNA, some mouse synthetases produce 2-5A, which activates latent RNase L to degrade viral and cellular RNAs. To determine whether the lower levels of intracellular flavivirus genomic RNA from resistant mice detected in cells at all times after infection were mediated by RNase L, RNase L activity levels in congenic resistant and susceptible cells were compared. Similar moderate levels of RNase L activation by transfected 2-5A were observed in both types of uninfected cells. After WNV infection, the mRNAs of IFN-β and three Oas genes were up-regulated to similar levels in both types of cells. However, significant levels of RNase L activity were not detected until 72 h after WNV infection and the patterns of viral RNA cleavage products generated were similar in both types of cells. When RNase L activity was down-regulated in resistant cells via stable expression of a dominant negative RNase L mutant, ∼5- to 10-times-higher yields of WNV were produced. Similarly, about ∼5- to 10-times-higher virus yields were produced by susceptible C57BL/6 RNase L−/− cells compared to RNase L+/+ cells that were either left untreated or pretreated with IFN and/or poly(I) · poly(C). The data indicate that WNV genomic RNA is susceptible to RNase L cleavage and that RNase L plays a role in the cellular antiviral response to flaviviruses. The results suggest that RNase L activation is not a major component of the Oas1b-mediated flavivirus resistance phenotype.
Forest succession, soil carbon accumulation, and rapid nitrogen storage in poorly remineralized soil organic matter

Substantial nitrogen (N) retention by temperate terrestrial ecosystems results from the rapid storage of newly deposited N in stable soil organic matter. Yet, we poorly understand the ecosystem properties that regulate the kinetics of this process. We applied mineral 15N to temperate hardwood forest soils to test the hypothesis that N stabilization is faster owing to greater stocks of soil carbon (C) in late-successional than in young forests. Within 26 minutes of addition, about 30% of tracer N was stored in stable form in organic-horizon soil with a median residence time of >29 years. About 5–10% of tracer N was stored in a soluble organic form. An additional 30% of tracer N was recovered within hours from organic-horizon soils in a remineralizable (labile) form, apparently derived from microbial biomass. Over the following year, tracer N storage in stable and soluble organic pools remained constant while recovery from labile and microbial pools declined. Tracer storage was greater in older forests with larger soil C pools, supporting our hypothesis that the accumulation of soil C with forest succession promotes ecosystem N retention. Rapid storage of stable soil N in the O horizon may create a source for chronic dissolved organic N losses from watersheds.
Cloning in the Popular Imagination

Dolly is a lamb that was cloned by Dr. Ian Wilmut, a Scottish embryologist. But she is also a Rorschach test. The public response to the production of a lamb by cloning a cultured cell line reflects the futuristic fantasies and Frankenstein fears that have more broadly surrounded research in genetics and especially genetic engineering. Cloning was a term originally applied to a botanical technique of asexual reproduction. But following early experiments in the manipulation of the hereditary and reproductive process during the mid-1960s, the term became associated with human biological engineering. It also became a pervasive theme in horror films and science fiction fantasies. Appearing to promise both amazing new control over nature and terrifying dehumanization, cloning has gripped the popular imagination.
Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist knockout mice show enhanced microglial activation and neuronal damage induced by intracerebroventricular infusion of human β-amyloid

Background Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a key mediator of immune responses in health and disease. Although classically the function of IL-1 has been studied in the systemic immune system, research in the past decade has revealed analogous roles in the CNS where the cytokine can contribute to the neuroinflammation and neuropathology seen in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), for example, pre-clinical and clinical studies have implicated IL-1 in the progression of a pathologic, glia-mediated pro-inflammatory state in the CNS. The glia-driven neuroinflammation can lead to neuronal damage, which, in turn, stimulates further glia activation, potentially propagating a detrimental cycle that contributes to progression of pathology. A prediction of this neuroinflammation hypothesis is that increased IL-1 signaling in vivo would correlate with increased severity of AD-relevant neuroinflammation and neuronal damage.
From the browser to the remote physical lab: Programming cyber-physical systems

Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) integrate networked embedded computation systems with real-world physical installations. Programming of CPSs is not trivial, since CPSs combine traditional programming challenges and real-world timing, concurrency, and communication. This paper shows how a programming framework that allows students to implement and test CPS control programs in their Internet browsers, can improve both the students' learning experience and learning results. Students model and program a CPS application on a high abstraction level in a web page. This web page, provided by the instructor, invokes the student's code either together with the CPS as functional specification models in a virtual timing environment, or as component in a real-world system that interacts with a real remote physical implementation. Using the provided abstraction, students can incrementally design a CPS and experience challenges such as channel delays, model uncertainties, and real-time behavior, but without the need for complex low level programming or tools. For a CPS example system, we applied the framework in an embedded system design class. Our results show, the ability of a JavaScript-based programming and execution environment to design, program, and run CPSs on different levels of abstraction. Our results also indicate an increased approval from the students and a significantly improved understanding of modeling and programming in the class.
Workforce Diversity: The Key to Survival and Growth

The authors discuss why workforce diversity might be vital to ensure success in today’s knowledge economy. Firms that want fresh ideas, strong growth, a positive company image, fewer discrimination lawsuits, and the enhanced ability to hire qualified workers should be aggressive about workforce diversity.
Abstract 619: Blockage Of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Inhibits Renin Stimulation Of NF-KB-Mediated Cytokine Signaling In Brain Neurons

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been shown to play an important role in inflammation and initiation and progression of cardiovascular pathologies. This, coupled with the observation that activation of the brain (pro)renin receptor (PRR) initiates NF-Kappa B (KB) -cytokine signaling to induce neurogenic hypertension has led us to hypothesize that brain PRR activation, in part, stimulates TLR4 to induce NF-KB-cytokine signal pathway. Thus, blockage of TLR4 should attenuate the expression of NF-KB and proinflammatory cytokines induced by PRR activation. To test this hypothesis, we harvested neuronal cells from neonatal Sprague Dawley rat brain that abundantly express PRR, and incubated with 20 nM of renin for 6 hours. Real time PCR was performed to analyze expression of NF-KB and other inflammatory mediators. Renin treatment resulted in significant increases in interleukin-1 β (IL-1β, 1200-fold), IL-6 (33-fold), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α, 17-fold), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF, 18-fold) and C-C ligand 5 (CCL5, 330-fold). In addition, the mRNA levels of P50, a subunit of NF-KB was increased by 5-fold, and nfkbia, a subunit of I-kappa B kinase (IKK), was increased by 7-fold. Furthermore, mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was increased by 8000-fold, and a neuronal activation maker, c-FOS was increased by 28 fold as compared with control neurons. However, Quinazoline (10μM), a NF-KB activation inhibitor, effectively blocked renin-induced increases in IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CCL5, iNOS and P50 by more than 85%, but failed to inhibit LIF, nfkbia and c-FOS. In contrast, renin stimulation of all the above genes (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CCL5, iNOS, LIF, P50, nfkbia and c-FOS) was almost entirely blocked (>90%) by the TLR4 inhibitor, TAK-242 (2 μM), indicating a novel PRR mediated activation of TLR4 signaling. This PRR regulation of neuronal inflammatory mediators and neuronal activity was not affected by AT1 receptor antagonist losartan, demonstrating that the effect is not mediated by PRR-induced Ang-II generation. Our studies suggest that PRR plays a central role in the development of inflammatory mediated neurogenic hypertension through activation of TLR4.
Contraction-induced injury to single muscle fibers: velocity of stretch does not influence the force deficit

We tested the null hypothesis that the severity of injury to single muscle fibers following a single pliometric (lengthening) contraction is not dependent on the velocity of stretch. Each single pe...
Analytical Comparison of New Multi-Service Metro Transport Technologies from a Carrier's Perspective

This paper qualitatively and quantitatively compares three classes of metro area data transport networks: Next Generation SONET/SDH, Metro Ethernet ring, and RPR. The quantitative results show that RPR and Ethernet rings have higher transport efficiency, while the qualitative discussions show that RPR has advantages in terms of provisioning, protection, and multi-service transport.
Angle-resolved low coherence interferometry for endoscopic detection of dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus

A clinical angle-resolved low coherence interferometry system designed to identify dysplasia in vivo in Barrett's esophagus patients is presented. We discuss the results of a clinical study of 23 Barrett's esophagus patients using the device.
GENETIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HYBRIDIZING CYTOTYPES OF THE TENT-MAKING BAT (URODERMA BILOBATUM).

The vast majority of described hybrid zones between cytotypes (conspecific populations which differ karyotypically) are narrow and generally involve organisms of restricted vagility. Theories regarding the evolutionary genesis and fate of such zones most often have been hypothesized to be a direct function of low vagility and its effects upon population parameters. Recent investigations (Baker et al., 1972; Baker et al., 1975; Baker, 1979, 1981), describe an extensive zone of intergradation between hybridizing cytotypes of the tent-making bat, Uroderma bilobatum (Phyllostomatidae: Stenoderminae). Uroderma bilobatum convexum (2n = 38) and U. b. davisi (2n = 44) come into contact along the coast of the Golfo de Fonseca in Honduras and karyotypic intermediates range from west central Guatamala to northwestern Nicaragua. A culmination of the chromosomal data available for these cytotypes is presented in the companion paper to this manuscript (Baker, 1981). Gand C-band data (Baker, 1979) reveal the uniqueness of the individual chromosomal differences between the two parental races which enable relatively unambiguous identification of hybrids and backcross individuals. Baker (1981) characterized the nature of contact between parental types, distribution of hybrids and backcrosses within the zone, and success of each of the individual rearrangements in populations dominated by other cytotype. He concluded that negative heterosis against hybrids and backcrosses is not severe and that limited hybridization supplemented by backcrossing and dispersal produce long lasting chromosomal polymorphism over a broad zone. The present study was designed to use electrophoretic techniques to determine the population genetic characteristics of U. b. davisi and U. b. convexum and the nature of genetic interaction across the broad contact zone between them.
Stress Development in Mo/Si and Ru/Si Multilayers

The stress evolution of Mo/Si and Ru/Si multilayers sputtered under the same processing conditions has been investigated. A series of Mo/Si multilayers was also prepared with varying sputtering pressures. The stress evolution of each multilayer displays a well-defined modulation concurrent with the deposition of Mo (Ru) and Si. Large stress develops during the early stages of deposition of each successive layer with Mo (Ru) exhibiting apparent tension and Si exhibiting apparent compression. In the Mo/Si multilayers, these initial transients cause curvature changes of, ∼ 2.5 to 4.5 N/m depending on the sputtering pressure. For Ru/Si the transients exceed 8 N/m and extend across a larger fraction of the total layer thickness. Intermixing and reaction at the interfaces of Mo/Si and Ru/Si multilayers lead to a volume contraction and consequently a contraction of the bilayer period. Moreover, volume contraction due to intermixing is a stress generating mechanism that may explain the initial transients in the stress evolution. The volume of the interdiffused regions of Mo/Si and Ru/Si multilayers was estimated by measuring the contraction of the bilayer period using x-ray diffraction. The results show a strong correlation with the size of the initial stress transients suggesting that intermixing may cause them.
The prevalence of pre-diabetes in Huzhou

Objective To know about the level of blood glucose in residents of Huzhou city and the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes. Methods Sampling survey methods were used to collect the relevant information for statistical analysis. Results A total of 6630 residents were involved in this investigation,including 3076 males( 46. 40%) and 3554 females( 53. 60%), and 594 diabetes cases were detected,the detection rate was 8. 96%. There were 240 IFG cases( 3. 62%),96 IGT cases( 1. 45%) and 336 IGR cases( 5. 07%) in the 6630 residents. The highest positive rates of diabetes and IGR were both found in people above 60 years old,14. 29% and 7. 64% respectively. The overweight group had the highest prevalence of diabetes, 14. 68%,while the low weight group had the highest positive rate of IGR,11. 39%. Statistical analysis showed that difference of age,family history of diabetes and waist circumference had statistical significance in positve rates of diabetes and pre-diabetes( P 0. 05). Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes were higher in Huzhou. Further management on the diabetes and high-risk groups of diabetes should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of diabetes and pre-diabetes.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Influenza in Fuzhou City in 2010

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Fuzhou city in 2010,provide the scientific basis for influenza control. [Methods]The descriptive analysis was conducted in the epidemic data of influenza by epidemiological method. The throat swab specimens that were sampled from patients with suspected influenza in sentry hospitals were tested by real-time cRT-PCR.[Results]206 cases of influenza were reported in Fuzhou in 2010. The incidence of influenza in March reached 1. 02 /lakh,which was the peak season. Most of cases occurred in Fuzhou urban area,the male-to-female ratio was 1. 08∶ 1,and pa- tients were mainly people under 30 years old. Most of patients were kindergarten children,scattered children and students. [Conclusion]Understanding the epidemiological characteristics of influenza and strengthening the surveillance in specific population have important significance in controlling the outbreak of influenza in Fuzhou city.
An Architecture for Automatic Deployment of Brown Dog Services at Scale into Diverse Computing Infrastructures

Brown Dog is an extensible data cyberinfrastructure, that provides a set of extensible and distributed data conversion and metadata extraction services to enable access and search within unstructured, un-curated and inaccessible research data across different domains of sciences and social science, which ultimately aids in supporting reproducibility of results. We envision that Brown Dog, as a data cyberinfrastructure, is an essential service in a comprehensive cyberinfrastructure which includes data services, high performance computing services and more that would enable scholarly research in a variety of disciplines that today is not yet possible. Brown Dog focuses on four initial use cases, specifically, addressing the conversion and extraction needs in the research areas of ecology, civil and environmental engineering, library and information science, and use by the general public. In this paper, we describe an architecture that supports contribution of data transformation tools from users, and automatic deployment of the tools as Brown Dog services in diverse infrastructures such as cloud or high performance computing (HPC) based on user demands and load on the system. We also present results validating the performance of the initial implementation of Brown Dog.
An economic analysis of harvest behavior: integrating forest and ownership characteristics

Les elements determinants de la fourniture de bois d'œuvre par les forets privees ont ete etudies a l'aide de modeles theoriques et empiriques des decisions d'exploitations des proprietaires. Une analyse de Tobit est utilisee pour estimer la relation entre le comportement de recolte et les caracteristiques de la foret, de la propriete et economiques, d'apres des donnees de forets du New Hampshire
Maternal Childhood Sexual Trauma and Child Conduct Problems.

This study examines multiple pathways by which maternal childhood sexual trauma may be related to the behavioral development of children. Propensity score matching procedures were used to create matched groups (total n = 204) of mothers who retroactively did and did not self-report childhood sexual trauma in a longitudinal sample of families living in poor, rural communities. Using structural equation modeling, maternal characteristics and behaviors were examined as potential mediators of the relationship between maternal histories of childhood sexual trauma and children’s conduct problems. After controlling for numerous socio-demographic factors, analyses indicate that maternal depressive symptoms, intimate partner violence, and maternal parenting were significant mediators and highlight the lasting impact of childhood sexual trauma on victims and their children.
Debriefing Following Trauma

In this paper we address three areas. First we review the literature on clinical intervention using debriefing, second we examine who attends debriefings by looking at a study of the 1989 plane crash at Ramstein, Germany and lastly we examine the effect of natural debriefing, i.e., talking to family and friends on psychiatric outcome in disaster workers by looking at a study of the Sioux City, Iowa United plane crash, 1989. Our data suggest that those with high exposure and females were more likely to attend a debriefing. People most likely to talk about the disaster with spouse/significant other, coworker and/or another person were: those with acute PTSD, higher total and intrusive Impact of Event symptoms, older, married, those with higher levels of education and higher levels of disaster exposure. Better understanding of who attends formal debriefings will help identify potential high-risk groups. Similarly, whether talking about the disaster is associated with fewer or greater psychological symptoms is important to understanding the outcome, mechanisms, and risks of debriefing.
Use of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among People With Mobility Disability.

Goals We aimed to assess use of colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) as per United States Preventive Task Force guidelines among people with mobility disability using a nationally representative data set. Background Individuals with mobility disability have decreased access to health care services, but the impact of mobility disability on CRCS has not been investigated. Study Data from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey were used to estimate sociodemographic characteristics of adults with mobility disability, prevalence of CRCS, and odds of CRCS given mobility disability among Americans aged 50 to 75. Results In total, 56.8% of the entire sample (n=81,953,585) were up-to-date with CRCS. Mobility disability was not associated with CRCS status on univariable analysis but was significantly associated after adjustment for covariates including age and comorbidities, with an inverse relationship between the degree of mobility disability and odds of CRCS. Odds ratio for CRCS given progressively severe disability were 0.78 (0.66 to 0.93), 0.71 (0.53 to 0.94), 0.65 (0.31 to 1.19). Conclusions The present study indicates reduced CRCS among people with mobility disability and highlights the need for CRCS to be especially targeted toward this group. Future research should identify the specific systemic, social, and/or physical barriers to CRCS for this subgroup so that they can be addressed.
Can psychology walk the walk of open science

An "open science movement" is gaining traction across many disciplines within the research enterprise but is also precipitating consternation among those who worry that too much disruption may be hampering professional productivity. Despite this disruption, proponents of open data collaboration have argued that some of the biggest problems of the 21st century need to be solved with the help of many people and that data sharing will be the necessary engine to make that happen. In the United States, a national strategic plan for data sharing encouraged the federally funded scientific agencies to (a) publish open data for community use in discoverable, machine-readable, and useful ways; (b) work with public and civil society organizations to set priorities for data to be shared; (c) support innovation and feedback on open data solutions; and (d) continue efforts to release and enhance high-priority data sets funded by taxpayer dollars. One of the more visible open data projects in the psychological sciences is the presidentially announced "Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies" (BRAIN) initiative. Lessons learned from initiatives such as these are instructive both from the perspective of open science within psychology and from the perspective of understanding the psychology of open science. Recommendations for creating better pathways to "walk the walk" in open science include (a) nurturing innovation and agile learning, (b) thinking outside the paradigm, (c) creating simplicity from complexity, and (d) participating in continuous learning evidence platforms. (PsycINFO Database Record
Arterial Baroreceptor Regulation of Peripheral Resistance and of Cardiac Performance

The arterial baroreceptor reflexes act to maintain arterial pressure constant at a set point or operating point. The operating point is determined by the mean arterial pressure and by the arterial pulse pressure. In resting man or resting experimental animals, it is the pressure when there are no obvious internal or external stresses or perturbations which might alter the pressure. The set point may vary with state, as in exercise or rest, or with emotional stress. Over the short term, the reflex operates to minimize changes from the set point which might occur with such stresses as blood loss or positional changes. The set point appears to be altered during exercise, but newer information indicates that the reflex functions much as it does at rest [169]. (See also the review by Ludbrook [133] and the chapter by Joyner and Shepherd in this volume.) Loss of these reflexes impairs or may even destroy the ability to respond properly to some external stimuli or to disease states. (See chapter on heart failure by Thames and Dibner-Dunlap in this volume.)
DICOM Media: Files, Folders, and DICOMDIRs

A substantial part of this book has been dedicated to DICOM networking, and ­transmitting data and messages between DICOM AEs over a TCP/IP connection. This is indeed the most common and efficient way to run any medical imaging project. Computer networks provide unsurpassed flexibility, reach, and throughput allowing you to collaborate with any partner, in any place, at any time.
Optimal synthesis of linear reversible circuits

In this paper we consider circuit synthesis for n-wire linear reversible circuits using the C-NOT gate library. These circuits are an important class of reversible circuits with applications to quantum computation. Previous algorithms, based on Gaussian elimination and LU-decomposition, yield circuits with O(n2) gates in the worst-case. However, an information theoretic bound suggests that it may be possible to reduce this to as few as O(n2/log n) gates. We give an algorithm that is optimal up to a multiplicative constant, and Θ(log n) times faster than previous methods. While our results are primarily asymptotic, simulation results show that even for relatively small n our algorithm is faster and yields smaller circuits than the standard method. The proposed algorithm has direct applications to the synthesis of stabilizer circuits, an important class of quantum circuits. Generically our algorithm can be interpreted as a matrix decomposition algorithm, yielding an asymptotically efficient decomposition of a binary matrix into a product of elementary matrices.
Validation of a Wearable Sensor for Measuring Running Biomechanics.

Background: Running biomechanics have traditionally been analyzed in laboratory settings, but this may not reflect natural running gait. Wearable sensors may offer an alternative. Methods: A concurrent validation study to determine agreement between the RunScribeTM wearable sensor (triaxial accelerometer and gyroscope) and the 3D motion capture system was conducted. Twelve injury-free participants (6 males, 6 females; age = 23.1 ± 5.5 years, weekly mileage = 16.1 ± 9.3) ran 1.5 miles on a treadmill. Ten consecutive strides from each limb were collected, and the mean values were analyzed. Pronation excursion, maximum pronation velocity, contact time, and cycle time were compared between measurement platforms using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman analyses. Results: Excellent ICC estimates were found for maximum pronation velocity, contact time, and cycle time. Pronation excursion demonstrated fair ICC estimates. The mean differences between platforms were small with limits of agreement clustered around zero, except for contact time measures which were consistently higher with the RunScribe compared to the camera-based system. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the RunScribe wearable device showed good to excellent concurrent validity for maximum pronation velocity, contact time, and cycle time; however, direct comparisons or results between the two platforms should not be used.
Biological Signal Generators: Integrating Synthetic Biology Tools and in silico Control

Abstract Biological networks sense extracellular stimuli and generate appropriate outputs within the cell that determine cellular response. Biological signal generators are becoming an important tool for understanding how information is transmitted in these networks and controlling network behavior. Signal generators produce well-defined, dynamic, intracellular signals of important network components, such as kinase activity or the concentration of a specific transcription factor. Synthetic biology tools coupled with in silico control have enabled the construction of these sophisticated biological signal generators. Here, we review recent advances in biological signal generator construction and their use in systems biology studies. Challenges for constructing signal generators for a wider range of biological networks and generalizing their use are discussed.
Clinical Implications and Conclusions

While there are no absolute answers to the many questions that surround CTE, there are preliminary conclusions we can reach for these major issues. While these answers are subject to change in the future.\, they offer guidelines to those interested in this disorder. Questions to be examined include who will get CTE, the relationship of CTE to depression, suicide, abuse, aggression and how much faith we can have in reports of CTE.
Enhanced alumina film adhesion of Hf/Y-doped iron–aluminum alloys during high-temperature oxidation: a new observation

The cyclic oxidation behavior of Hf/Y-doped B2 FeAl intermetallics at 1373 K was investigated. For an undoped FeAl alloy, premature spallation of the alumina film occurs due to the formation of numerous voids at the film/alloy interface and apparent shrinkage in the film. In contrast to this, doping with either Hf or Y significantly improves the interfacial adhesion between the alumina film and the alloy substrate, particularly with Hf-doping. Microstructural observation in combination with Auger electron spectroscopic analysis suggests that in addition to prohibiting interfacial void formation and alleviating film shrinkage, the addition of Hf in the FeAl alloy could consolidate the film/alloy interface by directly participating in chemical bonding across the interface as a Hf ion. This causes the spallation of alumina film from the equiaxed grains/columnar grains interface rather than the bottom of the film.
Robotic Colostomy Take-Down

Video Objective To demonstrate a surgical video where-in a robotic-assisted colostomy take-down was performed with anastomosis of the descending colon to the rectum after reduction of ventral hernias and extensive lysis of adhesions. Setting Tertiary referral center in New Haven, Connecticut. Interventions This 64-year-old female was diagnosed with Stage IIIA endometrial cancer in 2015 when she underwent an optimal cytoreductive surgery. She required sigmoid resection and a descending end colostomy with Hartmann's pouch, mainly secondary to extensive diverticulitis. Following adjuvant chemoradiation, she remained disease-free and desired colostomy reversal. Imaging was notable for a ventral hernia and a parastomal hernia. Colonoscopy was only notable for narrowing of the distal rectum above the level of the levator ani. Following extensive enterolysis, the splenic flexure of the colon was mobilized to provide an adequate proximal limb to the anastomosis site. The anvil was then introduced into the distal descending colon through the colostomy site. A robotic stapler was utilized in order to seal the colostomy site and detach it from the anterior abdominal wall. Unfortunately, the EEA sizer perforated through the distal rectum, caudad to the stricture site. Thus, a significant length of the distal rectum had to be sacrificed, requiring further mobilization of the splenic flexure. Rectum was then re-approximated with 3-0 barbed suture in two layers. With 6-8cm of distal rectum available, end-to-side anastomosis of descending colon to distal rectum was performed. Given the low colorectal anastomosis, a protective diverting loop ileostomy was then performed. The patient has had an uneventful postoperative course. Hypaque enema performed after three months showed neither anastomotic leak nor stricture. Ileostomy was then reversed. Conclusion Robotic-assisted colostomy take-down and anastomosis were successfully performed. Minimally invasive techniques should be considered as an alternative to laparotomy for patients with colostomy, as long as they are recurrence-free.
Protein folding while chaperone bound is dependent on weak interactions

It is generally assumed that protein clients fold following their release from chaperones instead of folding while remaining chaperone-bound, in part because binding is assumed to constrain the mobility of bound clients. Previously, we made the surprising observation that the ATP-independent chaperone Spy allows its client protein Im7 to fold into the native state while continuously bound to the chaperone. Spy apparently permits sufficient client mobility to allow folding to occur while chaperone bound. Here, we show that strengthening the interaction between Spy and a recently discovered client SH3 strongly inhibits the ability of the client to fold while chaperone bound. The more tightly Spy binds to its client, the more it slows the folding rate of the bound client. Efficient chaperone-mediated folding while bound appears to represent an evolutionary balance between interactions of sufficient strength to mediate folding and interactions that are too tight, which tend to inhibit folding. Spy is an ATP independent chaperone that allows folding of its client protein Im7 while continuously bound to Spy. Here the authors employ kinetics measurements to study the folding of another Spy client protein SH3 and find that Spy’s ability to allow a client to fold while bound is inversely related to how strongly it interacts with that client.
Clinical outcomes of adults with eosinophilic esophagitis with severe stricture

Background and Aims Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an inflammatory disease of the esophagus. Its prevalence has been increasing steadily over the past 3 decades. The prognosis of patients with EoE presenting with severe esophageal strictures is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical outcomes of patients with EoE with severe strictures and identify factors associated with a greater likelihood of improvement in esophageal diameter. Methods This study is a retrospective chart review of patients with EoE with severe stricture, defined as an esophageal diameter of 10 mm or less at one point in their disease course. Each patient’s clinical course was followed during standard-of-care follow-up with medical or dietary therapy in conjunction with repeated esophageal dilation. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine which variables are associated with endoscopic response, defined by an improvement in esophageal diameter to 13 mm and to 15 mm. Results From a cohort of 1091 adults with EoE, severe strictures were identified in 66 patients (7%). Of the 66 patients, 59 (89%) achieved an esophageal diameter of ≥13 mm and 43 (65%) achieved ≥15 mm. Initial diameter (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.35; P = .025) and histologic remission (odds ratio, 34.97; 95% confidence interval, 6.45-189.49; P Conclusions Most patients with EoE with severe stricture experienced improvement in esophageal diameter to ≥15 mm with treatment, suggesting that the currently available treatment options are effective for patients with severe strictures. The most significant factors associated with disease reversibility are initial esophageal diameter and histologic remission.
The last pteraspids (Vertebrata, Heterostraci): New material from the Middle Devonian of Alberta and Idaho

This report documents the last pteraspids, (armored, jawless members of the Heterostraci), which are otherwise only known from the Early Devonian of the Old Red Sandstone Continent. Tuberculate pteraspid heterostracans are described from the Middle Devonian beds of two formations in western North America. The late Givetian Yahatinda Formation of Alberta and British Columbia consists of channels cut into lower Paleozoic rocks and represents deposition in marine to littoral environments. Clavulaspis finis (Elliott et al., 2000a) new combination is redescribed from additional material from the Yahatinda Formation and reassigned to the new genus Clavulaspis because the original genus name is invalid. The Eifelian Spring Mountain beds of Idaho consist of a large channel that represents a clastic-dominated estuarine environment. It contains Scutellaspis wilsoni new genus new species, and the previously described species from the Spring Mountain beds is redescribed and reassigned to Ecphymaspis new genus, which was prompted by new material and a review of the validity of the original genus name. Phylogenetic analysis shows that these three new taxa form part of the derived clade Protaspididae.