cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Surveys on Organizational Members

While surveys of staff have been used in a variety of ways to improve individual and organizational functioning, this paper reports on some apparent effects of a survey even before its findings were used. The Hospital Internal Communications Project was a 4-yr. project to improve managerial practice in 10 London-area hospitals and is described elsewhere at length (Wieland & Leigh, 1971). The general aim was to teach survey research methods to top hospital nurses, doctors, and administrators, and these hospital teams would then be helped by an external change-agent team to survey their organizations. Obtained information would serve as a basis for feedback discussions and action. While the hospital teams themselves chos: the topic to be studied, the external team usually provided advice on methodology and usually administered the surveys so as to provide safeguards of anonymity. Project staff assumed thar turnover rates among hospital staff (particularly nurses) were too high, and in fact the director had earlier demonstrated (Revans, 1964) chat high turnover was associated with low staff morale and with long (inefficient) average lengrhs of patient stay. Consequently, of the 39 different surveys or projects done in the hospitals, the effects on staff turnover for 17 projects were ascertained by an independent evaluation team (headed by the investigator). The intent was ro evaluate if the hospitals had made use of the survey information to improve morale, turnover rates, and hospital effectiveness generally. Method.-Turnover was measured by the number of staff leaving the organization, expressed as a percentage of thc average number of staff employed during the time periods examined (quarters of a year). The turnover rate was computed for a grade of staff most directly involved in a project or survey. For the 17 projects, 13 different grades or types of staff were studied (10 groups of supervisory nurses, 2 groups of medical records staff, and 1 group of engineering staff). Only staff groups comprised of 30 individuals or more were used so as to yicld relatively stable turnover records. Results.--Changes in the turnover rate from the quarter prior to survey data collection to the quarter during dac collection showed a decrease in 11 projects and increases in 3 projects while 3 were nan-ascertainable or showed no change (N.A.) (P < .05, one-tailed sign test). To eliminate possible seasonal effects, these changes were compared to the changes in the groups occurring in the same rwo quarters, each exactly a year earlier. Even compared to changes a year earlier the decreases from prior quarters to data-collection quarter are significant (3 increases, 13 decreases, 1 N.A.). The same two kinds of comparisons were rep2ated using the change from prior quarter to quarter after 'This study was supported by c USPHS Post-doctoral Fellowship and by the Department of Health and Social Security (United Kingdom) through a research grant to Guy's Hospital Medical School.
The Early American Quest for Internal Improvements: Distance and Debate

One segment of the American debate over internal improvements occurred between 1808 and 1817 and was marked by three rhetorical texts in which arguments moved from technical considerations to more transcendent appeals. These texts illustrate the interplay of geography and rhetoric and highlight the early use of god-terms like “fact,” “progress,” and “communication.”
Differential regulation of polysaccharide-specific antibody responses to isolated polysaccharides, conjugate vaccines, and intact Gram-positive versus Gram-negative extracellular bacteria

Bacterial capsular polysaccharides are major virulence factors and are key targets in a number of licensed anti-bacterial vaccines. Their major characteristics are their large molecular weight and expression of repeating antigenic epitopes that mediate multivalent B cell receptor cross-linking. In addition, since the majority of these antigens cannot associate with MHC-II they fail to recruit CD4+ T cell help and are referred to as T cell-independent antigens. In this review I will discuss a series of studies from my laboratory that have underscored the importance of understanding polysaccharide-specific antibody responses within the context in which the PS is expressed (i.e. in isolation, as a component of conjugate vaccines, and expressed naturally by intact bacteria). We have shown that multivalent B cell receptor crosslinking, as mediated by polysaccharides, uniquely determines the qualitative response of the B cell to subsequent stimuli, but by itself is insufficient to induce antibody secretion or class switching. For these latter events to occur, second signals must act in concert with primary signals derived from the B cell receptor. The co-expression of polysaccharide and protein within intact bacteria promotes recruitment of CD4+ T cell help for the associated PS-specific IgG response, in contrast to isolated polysaccharides. Further, the particulate nature of extracellular bacteria confers properties to the polysaccharide-specific IgG response that makes it distinct immunologically from soluble conjugate vaccines. Finally, the underlying biochemical and/or structural differences that distinguish Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria appear to play critical roles in differentially regulating the associated polysaccharide-specific IgG responses to these groups of pathogens. These studies have a number of implications for the understanding and future design of polysaccharide-based vaccines.
Distributed Cache of Cloud Computing Technology and Its Application in the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things(IoT) is the product of information technology,and the cloud computing platform is the basis of IoT applications.This paper discusses the deployment,functional architecture and key technology of cloud computing distributed cache,which can be used to overcome certain IoT shortcomings.This paper focuses on the advantages of distributed cache,including high performance,throughput,reliability,and scalability.Cloud computing distributed cache can solve IoT application problems that affect data reliability,large shared memory,consistency in multimodule data protection,and linear expansion.These support the bottom layer of cloud architecture in the IoT platform.
VISAGE: Interactive Visual Graph Querying

Extracting useful patterns from large network datasets has become a fundamental challenge in many domains. We present Visage, an interactive visual graph querying approach that empowers users to construct expressive queries, without writing complex code (e.g., finding money laundering rings of bankers and business owners). Our contributions are as follows: (1) we introduce graph autocomplete, an interactive approach that guides users to construct and refine queries, preventing over-specification; (2) Visage guides the construction of graph queries using a data-driven approach, enabling users to specify queries with varying levels of specificity, from concrete and detailed (e.g., query by example), to abstract (e.g., with "wildcard" nodes of any types), to purely structural matching; (3) a twelve-participant, within-subject user study demonstrates Visage's ease of use and the ability to construct graph queries significantly faster than using a conventional query language; (4) Visage works on real graphs with over 468K edges, achieving sub-second response times for common queries.
Phimosis and Diabetes Mellitus

AbstractThe incidence of diabetes mellitus is significantly higher in men with phimosis of recent onset. All patients with phimosis of recent onset should be screened for diabetes mellitus.
An unsettled bookcase: a critical paradigmatic approach to connect theory and pedagogy

ABSTRACTIn this essay, I explore the shifts in the current landscape regarding the treatment of theory and pedagogy as a critical endeavor. Swartz argued that there is disconnect between the work of “theory” and “pedagogy,” a notion I find quite unsettling. In contrast, Critical Communication Pedagogy educators begin with a premise of equity, inclusiveness, and reflexivity—arranging paradigms for disciplinary spaces to foster advancements of theory and pedagogy in concert with each other. I examine the possibilities within the literature, offer consideration for what has been accomplished, nuance the critical paradigm to connect theory and pedagogy through praxis, share innovations and acceptance of disciplinary spaces, and invite a conversation around educational commitments, ownership, and “work.”
Immunomodulation of innate immune cells by Sutherlandia frutescens: A transcriptomic analyses

Sutherlandia frutescens (SF) is a plant found in southern portions of Africa with a rich history of traditional use as a beverage to ameliorate some of the symptoms associated with cancer and HIV-A...
Discrimination and quantification of Fe and Ni abundances in Genesis solar wind implanted collectors using X-ray standing wave fluorescence yield depth profiling with internal referencing

X-ray standing wave fluorescence yield depth profiling was used to determine the solar wind implanted Fe and Ni fluences in a silicon-on-sapphire (SoS) Genesis collector (60326). An internal reference standardization method was developed based on fluorescence from Si and Al in the collector materials. Measured Fe fluence agreed well with that measured previously by us on a sapphire collector (50722) as well as SIMS results by Jurewicz et al. Measured Ni fluence was higher than expected by a factor of two; neither instrumental errors nor solar wind fractionation effects are considered significant perturbations to this value. Impurity Ni within the epitaxial Si layer, if present, could explain the high Ni fluences and therefore needs further investigation. As they stand, these results are consistent with minor temporally-variable Fe and Ni fractionation on the timescale of a year.
The Complicated Cholecystectomy and Management of Perforation Post-ERCP

Over one million cholecystectomies are performed yearly in the USA. The incidence of bile duct injury as a result remains around 0.5 %. These injuries are generally avoidable. Bile duct injuries occur more commonly from misidentification of normal anatomy than from anatomic anomalies. In this chapter, we discuss preoperative factors that predict the difficult cholecystectomy, techniques to enable a safe cholecystectomy, and the pitfalls that lead to bile duct injury. Operative approaches to complete the difficult cholecystectomy in the setting of inflammation are also discussed. An injury classification system and management of post-ERCP perforation are reviewed.
Use of the Personality Assessment Inventory in Fitness-for-Duty Evaluations of Physicians

This study provides normative data regarding the use of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in physician fitness-for-duty evaluations. Information was derived from a sample of 371 physicians who took the PAI as part of a comprehensive fitness-for-duty evaluation. A multidisciplinary evaluation team, not blinded to psychological testing results, recommended whether or not each physician was fit to practice, allowing for the differentiation of results by this finding. The majority of PAI protocols were valid and interpretively useful. Descriptive statistics are presented for validity, clinical, treatment, interpersonal, and subscale scores. Mean differences for those found fit versus unfit to practice are also presented. Significant elevations for clinical scales are rare in physicians referred for fitness-for-duty evaluations. Although mean differences were small between the fit and unfit groups, there were significant mean differences found. Guidance is offered for interpreting the PAI in this population.
Ultrafast Light and Electrons: Imaging the Invisible

In this chapter, the evolutionary and revolutionary developments of microscopic imaging are overviewed with focus on ultrashort light and electrons pulses; for simplicity, we shall use the term “ultrafast” for both. From Alhazen’s camera obscura, to Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek’s optical micrography, and on to three- and four-dimensional (4D) electron microscopy, the developments over a millennium have transformed humans’ scope of visualization. The changes in the length and time scales involved are unimaginable, beginning with the visible shadows of candles at the centimeter and second scales, and ending with invisible atoms with space and time dimensions of sub-nanometer and femtosecond, respectively. With these advances it has become possible to determine the structures of matter and to observe their elementary dynamics as they fold and unfold in real time, providing the means for visualizing materials behavior and biological function, with the aim of understanding emergent phenomena in complex systems. Both light and light-generated electrons are now at the forefront of femtosecond and attosecond science and technology, and the scope of applications has reached beyond the nuclear motion as electron dynamics become accessible.
Impact of Rituximab On the Treatment of Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (WM).

Abstract 2734 Background: Rituximab was first approved by the FDA for use in relapsed and/or refractory low grade or follicular B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 11/1997. Since that time it has been widely used in WM, and is the backbone of drug combinations developed for treatment of this disease. Methods: To evaluate the impact of rituximab on overall survival (OS), we retrospectively evaluated patients (pts) treated at our center who received primary therapy for symptomatic WM with combinations of either alkylating agents (AA), nucleoside analogs (NA) +/− AA, or bortezomib (B), each with or without rituximab (R). The effect of primary therapy on OS was compared between patients receiving primary therapy before and after rituximab use for WM began at our center (11/11/1998). OS was calculated from the date of initial treatment until date of death or last follow-up. Due to small patient numbers, those who received vincristine-doxorubicin-dexamethasone (2 pts), single agent rituximab (3 pts), or rituximab-alkylating agent combinations (11 pts) as primary therapy, were excluded from the analysis. Results: Among 315 patients with previously untreated symptomatic WM treated since 3/1966, 118 received AA alone; 137 received NA +/− AA alone (85 pts) or with R (52 pts), and 44 received B + R. Median age, hemoglobin, platelet count and β2 microglobulin were comparable between all treatment groups (AA alone, NA +/− AA alone, NA +/− AA + R, B + R). Only median albumin differed significantly, with levels of 3.7 g/dL (AA alone), 4.1 g/dL (NA+/− AA alone), 4.3 g/dL (NA+/− AA + R) and 4.4 g/dL (B + R), respectively (p 13 years vs. 5.6 years (p<0.01). Conclusions: While pts with WM have most certainly benefitted from improvements in supportive care and the greater availability of salvage therapy options in the modern era, the addition of rituximab to available therapies appears to have significantly improved the OS of patients with WM compared with AA or NA +/− AA alone. Our data supports the role of rituximab as an indispensable component of modern therapy for this disease. ![Figure][1] Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: pending:yes
The importance of constructive feedback: Implications of top-down regulation in the development of neural circuits

Neural circuits in sensory pathways develop through a general strategy of overproduction of synapses followed by activity-driven pruning to fine-tune connectivity for optimal function. The early visual pathway, consisting of the retina → visual thalamus → primary visual cortex, has served for decades as a powerful model system for probing the mechanisms and logic of this process. In addition to these feedforward projections, the early visual pathway also includes a substantial feedback component in the form of corticothalamic projections from the deepest layer of primary visual cortex. The role of this feedback in visual processing has been studied extensively in mature animals, yet historically, its role in development has received comparatively little attention. Recent technological advances allowing for selective manipulation of neural activity in development led to the uncovering of a role for feedback in guiding the refinement of the forward projection from retina to visual thalamus. Here we discuss the implications of feedback exerting influence on the development of sensory pathways. We propose several possible advantages to constructing neural circuits with top-down regulation, and discuss the potential significance of this finding for certain neurologic disorders.
Potential role of a pharmacist to enhance medication-related aspects of clinical trials conducted in a dedicated clinical research unit.

Abstract Purpose Pharmacist involvement in medication reconciliation has been shown to have a positive impact on patient care in a number of settings [1−6], but there have been no evaluations of the effect of this pharmacist role on patient care during the conduct of clinical trials. Pharmacist involvement in the medication reconciliation process for clinical trials may provide improved protocol compliance. Methods This was a retrospective pilot study conducted in a dedicated research unit that assessed completeness of the medication reconciliation process by clinical trial teams for patients participating in a clinical trial involving investigational medication(s). Patients' medication lists in the EHR were reviewed after their study visit. Pharmacy staff evaluated the medication list for accurate inclusion of IDs and any prohibited or restricted concomitant medication(s) per the study protocol. Results Ninety-five patient visits over two months were evaluated and showed only 20.6% of IDs were listed in the EHR after study visits. Of those included, only 40% had the correct dose and 50% had the correct frequency listed. There were 20 potential protocol prohibited medications identified. There were four medications listed in a fashion that may have compromised maintenance of blinding status in the EHR. Conclusions This pilot study showed potential roles for pharmacy personnel involvement in medication reconciliation in the clinical research setting. Pharmacists have the opportunity to ensure that IDs are accurately included in patient medication lists and to identify the use of potential protocol prohibited concomitant medications.
Should Mass Comments Count

This essay is a reply to Rulemaking v. Democracy: Judging and Nudging Public Participation that Counts, by Cynthia Farina, Mary Newhart, and Josiah Heidt. That article engages my 2011 argument that when agencies conduct notice-and-comment rulemaking involving value judgments, agencies should take more seriously large volumes of public comments – or be more candid that such comments will not be considered. As I suggested then, the preferences in such public comments can be relevant and typically are far more issue-specific than the information conveyed in presidential or congressional voting. Farina, Newhart, and Heidt express serious concerns about group activity in organizing comment campaigns and the prospect that public comments may be only a rough cut at preferences. Excluding comments because they are “group-facilitated,” however, likely would make public comments far less representative. Meanwhile, although a rulemaking is not a plebiscite, these comments, even if a rough expression of preferences, deserve consideration by the agency as part of a well-reasoned agency deliberation process. Agencies should consider all relevant information in rulemaking, and large public comment volumes should prompt agency officials at least to think twice and perhaps to spur a more systematic investigation of public views. Mass comments could alert an agency to public values, to significant public resistance to a proposed agency action, or to widespread misunderstanding or misinformation. Regular consideration could be assured if the agency committed to respond briefly to the mass comments in rulemaking documents. Finally, while the authors and I have a different perspective on agency treatment of mass public comments, we strongly agree that agency candor regarding comment treatment is critical and that public participation systems should be improved to encourage the filing of higher-quality, better-informed public comments. Comment reliability would be further enhanced with some minor reforms, including restricting an individual’s ability to file multiple identical comments in the same rulemaking and disclosure of the identity of groups sponsoring web portals for commenting.
Changes in pitching mechanics after ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in major league baseball pitchers.

Background Medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction is a common procedure performed on Major League Baseball pitchers. Variations in pitching mechanics before and after UCL reconstructive surgery are not well understood. Methods Publicly available pitch tracking data (PITCHf/x) were compared for all Major League Baseball pitchers who underwent UCL reconstruction between 2008 and 2013. Specific parameters analyzed were fastball percentage, release location, velocity, and movement of each pitch type. These data were compared before and after UCL reconstructive surgery and compared with a randomly selected control cohort. Results There were no statistically significant changes in pitch selection or pitch accuracy after UCL reconstruction, nor was there a decrease in pitch velocity. The average pitch release location for 4-seam and 2-seam fastballs, curveballs, and changeups is more medial after UCL reconstruction ( P P P Conclusions Pitch selection, pitch velocity, and pitch accuracy do not significantly change after UCL reconstruction, nor do players who require UCL reconstruction have significantly different pitch selection, velocity, or accuracy than a randomly selected control cohort. Pitch release location is more medial after UCL reconstruction for all pitch types except sliders. Breaking movement of fastballs, sliders, and curveballs changes after UCL reconstruction.
Trans-parliamentary Associations in Global Functional Agencies

This article examines a new phenomenon, transparliamentary activism that focuses on particular international issues or international organizations. For example, the Parliamentary Conference on the World Bank. Such parliamentary organizing has a political significance beyond the usual transnational NGO activities because parliamentarians are elected officials. The transparliamentary activism discussed here differs from the traditional interparliamentary association going back over a hundred years. The article discusses the recent developments in the World Trade Organization and the World Bank.
Transsphenoidal Surgery for Acromegaly

In some respects, acromegaly is one of the most straightforward problems associated with hyperfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Acromegaly is a devastating disease with multiple comorbidities affecting many systems, and is associated with shortening of the lifespan if uncorrected. At the present time, most patients with growth hormone–secreting pituitary adenomas are candidates for surgery as first-line therapy. Medical management of acromegaly continues to improve, however, and currently is a useful adjunct. Radiation therapy has been utilized in the past, but is less commonly necessary now, as control from medical treatment and surgery has become progressively more efficient.
Effect of pre-injection opioid use on post-injection patient-reported outcomes following epidural steroid injections for radicular pain

Abstract Background Context Chronic opioid therapy is associated with worse patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following spine surgery. However, little literature exists on the relationship between opioid use and PROs following epidural steroid injections for radicular pain. Purpose We evaluated the association between pre-injection opioid use and PROs following spine epidural steroid injection. Study Design This study is a retrospective analysis of a prospective longitudinal registry database. Patient Sample A total of 392 patients within our database who were undergoing epidural steroid injections (ESIs) at our institution for degenerative structural spine diagnoses and met our inclusion criteria were included in this study. Outcome Measures Patient-reported outcomes for disability (Oswestry Disability Index/Neck Disability Index [ODI/NDI)]), quality of life (EuroQol-5D [EQ-5D]), and pain (Numerical Rating Scale scores for back pain, neck pain, leg pain, and arm pain [NRS-BP/NP/LP/AP]) were assessed at baseline and at 3 and 12 months post-injection. Methods Multivariable proportional odds logistic regression models were created to examine the relationship between pre-injection opioid use and post-injection PROs. A logistic regression with Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo parameter estimation was used to investigate a possible cutoff value of pre-injection opioid use above which the effectiveness of ESI (as measured by minimum clinically important difference [MCID] for ODI/NDI) decreases. Results A total of 276 patients with complete 12-month follow-up following ESI were analyzed. The mean pre-injection daily morphine equivalent amount (MEA) was 14.7 mg (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.4 mg–19.1 mg) for the cohort. Pre-injection opioid use was associated with slightly higher odds of worse disability (odds ratio [OR] 1.03, p=.03) and leg/arm pain (OR 1.01, p=.04) scores at 3 months post-injection only. No significant association between pre-injection opioid use and MCID for ODI/NDI was found, although a cutoff of 55.5 mg/day might serve as a significant threshold. Conclusion Increased pre-injection opioid use does not impact long-term outcomes after ESIs for degenerative spine diseases. A pre-injection MEA around 50 mg/day may represent a threshold above which the 3-month effectiveness of ESI for back- and neck-related disability decreases. Epidural steroid injection is an effective treatment modality for pain in patients using opioids, and can be part of a multimodal strategy for opioid independence.
Nuclear, Chloroplast, and Mitochondrial Genome Sequences of the Prospective Microalgal Biofuel Strain Picochlorum soloecismus.

ABSTRACT Picochlorum soloecismus is a halotolerant, fast-growing, and moderate-lipid-producing microalga that is being evaluated as a renewable feedstock for biofuel production. Herein, we report on an improved high-quality draft assembly and annotation for the nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial genomes of P. soloecismus DOE 101.
The importance of surgery in scalp angiosarcomas.

Abstract Background Scalp angiosarcomas (SA) are rare, representing Methods A prospectively maintained database was used to identify non-metastatic scalp angiosarcomas who received some form of definitive therapy. Logistics regression, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox proportional-hazard models were utilized. Results A total of 589 patients met study entry criteria with a median follow-up of 4.2 years. The majority (482 patients, 81.8%) had upfront definitive resection and an additional 317 patients (65.8%) received postoperative radiation. Of the 107 patients who didn't have surgery, the majority (65 patients, 60.7%) received definitive radiation and 42 patients (39.3%) received radiation and chemotherapy. One-year and five-year survival estimates for patients not receiving definitive surgery were 68.0% (95%CI: 57.5–76.4) and 18.0% (95%CI: 10.2–27.5) respectively compared to 78.2% (95%CI: 74.0–81.9) and 34.1% (95%CI: 28.9–39.3) for patients receiving definitive surgery (p Conclusions The majority of patients with non-metastatic scalp angiosarcomas had upfront definitive surgery, with a subsequent improvement in OS, including when accounting for other patient and tumor factors. Postoperative radiation was frequently given. Our large series confirmed age and tumor size as prognostic factors for this rare disease.
Pearls & Oy-sters: Neuro-Sweet disease presenting as ischemic stroke and aseptic meningitis.

Neuro-Sweet disease (NSD) should be considered in any patient with a history of Sweet syndrome who presents with neurologic symptoms.
Corrected QT Interval Prolongation in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients on Methadone for Cancer-Related Pain

Abstract Context Methadone has been reported to prolong the corrected QT (QTc) interval and increase the risk of torsades de pointes. Objectives Our study examined the frequency of QTc prolongation among pediatric and young adult patients starting methadone for cancer pain. Methods All patients followed a standardized protocol. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were obtained at baseline (methadone starting day to 14 days prior), 1–2 weeks, and 4–6 weeks later. QTc values were manually calculated using the Bazett formula. QTc prolongation was defined as ≥460 milliseconds (ms) for prepubertal children, ≥470 ms for pubertal males, and ≥480 ms for pubertal females. Results Baseline ECGs were completed in 42 patients. Follow-up ECGs were completed in 38 of 42 (91%) and 31 of 42 (74%) patients at 1–2 weeks and 4–6 weeks, respectively. No patients had prolongation of the QTc at baseline, and 1 of 38 (3%) patients had a prolonged QTc at weeks 1–2. This patient had a history of prolonged QTc that the family did not initially report. No patients had prolongation of the QTc at weeks 4–6. No patients had torsades de pointes or ventricular fibrillation, and none died suddenly. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) baseline QTc was 391 (377–400) ms; median (IQR) 1–2 week follow-up QTc was 399 (374–411) ms (P = .05), and median (IQR) 4–6 week follow-up QTc was 393 (379–423) ms (P = .01). Conclusion Clinically significant prolongation of the QTc interval occurred only in one patient who had a history of prolonged QTc. Prolonged QTc is rare in this population.
The Design, Development, and Testing of Learning Supports for the Physics Playground Game

In honor of Jim Greer, we share our recent work—a design and development study of various learning supports embedded within the game Physics Playground. This 2-dimensional computer game is designed to help students learn Newtonian physics and uses stealth assessment to measure, in real-time, their physics understanding. The game operates according to Newtonian mechanics where students draw simple machines (e.g., ramps, levers, pendulums, and springboards), or adjust sliders to manipulate physics parameters to solve problems. Over the past three years, a team of experts in measurement, assessment, learning sciences, game design, and physics education has iteratively examined how to enhance students’ learning during gameplay. We incorporated supports for both physics understanding and game mechanics. Some of our designs showed promise while others did not and were discarded. Through three usability studies and a final learning study, we document the design, development, and testing of the final set of supports that involve modeling (Worked Examples, Physics Videos), modality (Animations, Formulas, Definitions, Hewitt Videos), and advice (Hints). We conclude with a discussion of the impact of incorporating learning supports, students’ perceptions of the learning supports, and the lessons learned through our iterative process. Jim shared our passion for supporting student learning and we hope that by sharing our journey we spur others on to continue the work he loved.
Improving CAN bus security by assigning dynamic arbitration IDs

The controller area network (CAN) is one of the most popular intra-vehicular communication protocols in the automotive industry. Due to its simplicity and broadcasting technique, the CAN bus protocols have some vulnerabilities. In the last couple of years, security attacks on vehicles have been increasing significantly. These acute attacks remain undetected by the conventional CAN protocol. In this paper, we propose a method that can prevent many kinds of CAN bus monitoring attacks without any change in the underlying CAN protocol. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed methodology is useful for preventing as well as defending against attacks on the CAN bus. In the worst-case scenario, the proposed algorithm requires 0.41 s to detect an attack and prevent the attack by dynamically updating the message arbitration ID of a system comprising twelve types of message IDs.
The importance of lean mass and iron deficiency when comparing hemoglobin mass in male and female athletic groups.

Differences in hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) between groups and across sex are primarily due to differences in lean mass. Iron deficiency (ID) independently decreases Hbmass; this effect is best charact...
Universal Critical Heat Flux (CHF) Correlations for Cryogenic Flow Boiling in Uniformly Heated Tubes

Abstract Experiments to determine critical heat flux (CHF) for cryogen flow in uniformly heated, round tubes have been performed throughout the globe during the past sixty years. However, experimental CHF data for cryogens are rarely published, remaining in the archives of authors, or in obscure technical reports of an organization or other inaccessible sources. In the present study, the Purdue University-Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Laboratory (PU-BTPFL) Cryogen Flow Boiling CHF Database is consolidated from world literature dating back to 1959. With 2312 data points for LH2, LHe, LN2 and LCH4, it represents the largest cryogen CHF database assembled to date. The database encompasses diameters from 0.5 to 14.1 mm, critical length-to-diameter ratios from 2.5 to 230.8 (term ‘critical’ refers to axial location where CHF is detected), system pressures from 0.01 to 4.07 MPa, reduced pressures from 0.1 to 0.93, mass velocities from 2.2 to 8203.9 kg m−2 s−1, inlet subcoolings from 0 to 78.9 K, inlet qualities from -2.06 to 0.95, critical subcoolings from 0 to 48.5 K, critical qualities from -1.23 to 1.00, critical void fractions from 0 to 1, and CHF values from 0.05 to 8203.9 kW m−2. The consolidated database represents an invaluable tool for development of CHF correlations – a primary goal for the present study – as well as future analytic and computational models. Using this database, new universal CHF correlations are constructed for two distinct CHF mechanisms, Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB) and Dryout, after careful physics-based segregation of the data. With mean absolute errors below 30%, the new CHF correlations are shown to provide good predictive agreement with the database.
Randomly generated recruits

In Watch Dogs: Legion, you can play as or team up with any of the characters of the game, and strolling around its digital version of London is a real treat, says Jacob Aron
Battle for Alphas: Hedge Funds versus Long-Only Portfolios

The study reported here empirically examined whether the alphas of hedge funds and those of long-only portfolios present different distributions and are derived from different risk factors. Adjusted for return volatility differences, hedge funds seem to offer more consistent alphas for potential transfer to either equity or bond asset classes than do long-only portfolios-even under extreme market conditions. Potential explanations for the findings include lack of data reliability and differences between hedge funds and actively managed long-only funds in compensation, investment constraints, and structures. Factors related to market index returns do not adequately detect hedge funds' risk postures beyond a fund's exposure to the market-directional risk of standard asset classes. Risk factors derived from asset prices in financial markets do provide timely and systematic descriptions of the risks underlying trading strategies used by hedge funds. The multifactor risk-style analysis presented here can effectively monitor a hedge fund's exposure to systematic versus idiosyncratic risks and volatility-risk factors over time.
Administrative Law in a Time of Crisis: Comparing National Responses to COVID-19

Beginning in early 2020, countries around the world successively and then together faced the same rapidly emerging threats from the COVID-19 virus. The shared experience of this global pandemic affords scholars and policymakers a comparative lens through which to view how differences in countries’ governance structures and administrative responses affected their ability to manage the various crisis posed by the pandemic. This article introduces a special series of essays in the Administrative Law Review written by leading administrative law experts across the globe. Case studies focus on China, Chile, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States, as well as the World Health Organization. Although the pandemic and its consequences remain ongoing problems, this issue seeks to elucidate the regulatory challenges that countries have faced in common, and to compare approaches and distill lessons that might be transferrable across jurisdictions. From the essays in this special issue emerge at least four key lessons. First, it is clear that a global pandemic demands effective national and local governance. Second, regulations must be adaptable and responsive in the face of fast-moving public health threats. Third, emergency executive powers must be limited and subject to oversight and sunsetting. Finally, as much as administrative law can affect countries’ ability to craft effective responses to public health emergencies, responsible public leadership undoubtedly matters most of all. These four lessons can help guide efforts by lawmakers and policy advisors to prepare more nimble and effective regulatory approaches to respond to viral outbreaks and other public health threats. Even when the current global pandemic eventually recedes, the Administrative Law Review’s special issue on national responses to the COVID-19 crisis can provide a basis for reflection and renewed momentum toward strengthening international public health institutions and regulatory cooperation around the world.
A Reform Agenda for the Next Indian Government

India’s economic reforms since 1991 have largely been a tale of private-sector success, government failure, and institutional erosion. Prime Minister Narendra Modi won the 2014 election with the slogan “Minimum Government, Maximum Governance.” Many mistakenly thought that he would be a radical reformer who would reduce the reach of government and improve the quality of governance. In fact, he has been only an incremental reformer. He has not done much to reduce the heavy hand of the government over the economy. He has done even less to improve the quality of governance or the supply of high-quality public goods. He has eroded the strength and independence of institutions. India will elect a new Parliament in May 2019, and regardless of which party wins, India needs less government interference and better governance. The next government should shift India’s policy from its current plethora of wasteful, corrupt subsidies toward targeted cash transfers to the deserving; curb the fiscal deficit; privatize several public-sector corporations and banks; liberalize the markets for labor, land, and capital; and roll back Modi’s rising protectionism. The next government should also improve governance by reforming the moribund legal system; improving educational quality and teacher attendance in schools; improving the provision of basic health and public health services; ensuring security for religious minorities; and ending efforts to subvert independent institutions.
A case of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection with negative nasopharyngeal PCR in pregnancy

Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 remains a pressing issue for our obstetric community during the current pandemic. We present a case of a 22-year-old nulliparous woman 31 weeks pregnant, with significant clinical SARS-CoV-2 disease, in the setting of negative nasopharyngeal PCR testing but positive IgG antibodies. Case presentation: This was a 22-year-old patient 31 weeks pregnant who presented with fever, tachycardia, and subsequently preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and pulmonary emboli with multifocal pneumonia. The patient underwent three negative SARS-CoV-2 tests via nasopharyngeal PCR testing during her hospital stay as well as a negative workup for fever. After a cesarean section for worsening maternal status after 7 days of hospitalization, the patient was admitted for worsening clinical status to the SICU. At the time of SICU admission patient was found to have serum IgG positive antibodies and was managed with intubation, antibiotics, and anticoagulation. Patient eventually left hospital against medical advice on hospital day 16 on oral antibiotics but was found to be recovering well at later outpatient follow up. Conclusions: Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 remains a complicated picture in the setting of testing limitations. This case highlights an antepartum clinical presentation of severe SARS-CoV-2 and recommends a high clinical suspicion for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and initiation of treatment in the pregnant population, even in the presence of negative nasopharyngeal PCR testing.
Union Burying Ground: Mortality, Mortality Inequities, and Sinking Labor Union Membership in the United States.

BACKGROUND Over the last several decades in the United States, socioeconomic life-expectancy inequities have increased 1-2 years. Declining labor-union density has fueled growing income inequities across classes and exacerbated racial income inequities. Using Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data, we examined the longitudinal union-mortality relationship and estimated whether declining union density has also exacerbated mortality inequities. METHODS Our sample included respondents ages 25-66 to the 1979-2015 PSID with mortality follow-up through age 68 and year 2017. To address healthy-worker bias, we used the parametric g-formula. First, we estimated how a scenario setting all (versus none) of respondents' employed-person-years to union-member employed-person-years would have affected mortality incidence. Next, we examined gender, racial, and educational effect modification. Finally, we estimated how racial and educational mortality inequities would have changed if union-membership prevalence had remained at 1979 (vs. 2015) levels throughout follow-up. RESULTS In the full sample (respondents = 23,022, observations = 146,681), the union scenario was associated with lower mortality incidence than the nonunion scenario (RR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.80, 0.99; RD per 1,000 = -19, 95% CI = -37, -1). This protective association generally held across subgroups, although it was stronger among the more-educated. However, we found little evidence mortality inequities would have lessened if union membership had remained at 1979 levels. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this was the first individual-level US-based study with repeated union-membership measurements to analyze the union-mortality relationship. We estimated a protective union-mortality association, but found little evidence declining union density has exacerbated mortality inequities; importantly, we did not incorporate contextual-level effects. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B839.
Non-technical Competencies for Succeeding as a Designer in a Digitally Transforming Workplace

Digitization is disrupting our world and shaping the challenges that newly minted graduates will need to address in their professional careers. The solution to manage such disruptions is anchored in the principles of sustainability and values that are foundational to mitigating inequities by managing the tensions between the pulls of people, planet, and profit. To succeed in the digitized world, we suggest that we provide the opportunity for our soon to be designers to develop five non-technical, career sustaining competencies:
Automated Dynamic Headspace/GC-MS Analyses Affects the Repeatability of Volatiles in Irradiated Turkey

The amounts of dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide decreased as sample holding time in an autosampler (4 °C) before purge increased, whereas those of aldehdyes increased as holding time increased due to lipid oxidation. Helium flush of sample vials before sample loading on an autosampler retarded lipid oxidation and minimized the changes of sulfur volatiles in raw meat, but was not enough to prevent oxidative changes in cooked meat. Although DH/GC-MS is a powerful method for automatic analysis of volatiles in meat samples, the number of samples that can be loaded in an autosampler at a time should be limited within the range that can permit reasonable repeatabilities for target volatile compounds.
Thermal Fracture Mechanisms in Functionally Graded Coatings

The mechanism of multiple crack formation at the surface of functionally graded thermal barrier coatings subjected to transient heating and cooling loads is studied. It is shown that the spacing of cracks is significantly affected by the temperature gradients in the coating and the temperature distribution on the surface.
STIS Ultraviolet Spectral Evidence for Outflows in Extreme Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies

(abridged) I present and discuss the results of HST STIS observations of IRAS 13224-3809 and 1H 0707-495, two narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies. We discovered that high-ionization UV emission lines are much broader and strongly blueshifted compared with the low-ionization and intermediate-ionization lines, which are relatively narrow and centered at the rest wavelength. We interpret this as evidence that the high-ionization lines come from a wind, while the low-ionization lines are emitted from the accretion disk or low-velocity base of the wind. The optically thick disk blocks our view of the receding wind. We also found that not all NLS1s display strongly blueshifted emission lines, and the degree of asymmetry is inversely correlated with the equivalent width and correlated with the SiIII] to CIII] ratio, a density indicator. It may also be significant that these NLS1s display the extreme in the X-ray properties: they have the strongest X-ray soft-excess components and the highest-amplitude, flaring variability. We postulate that this combination of properties are all related to a high value of L/M_BH, even among NLS1s. The high-ionization and low-ionization lines are nearly completely kinematically separated, a fact that allows us to study the conditions in the disk and wind separately.(...)
Lumber Futures and Timberland Investment

Using 20 years of data, we derive a pricing model for timberland market values. We examine the relationship between lumber futures, capitalization rates, anticipated inflation, anticipated construc...
Lessons learned from incorporating an XML component into an upper division web development course

The use of Extensible Markup Language (XML) to describe how data is structured is growing in use. This growth has led to the decision to include an XML component to an upper division web development course. XML is not a replacement for Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) but is an extension that allows user-defined tags to describe structured data, but does not render the data ready for browser display. The use of XML in the course, allows the students to learn valuable lessons by comparing the development of the same process using XML and not using XML. By experiencing the step-by-step process of the two options, the students learn the costs and benefits as well as the strengths and weaknesses of both. The students learn that additional steps are required when using XML, but produce greater flexibility for data manipulation. A further lesson they learn is that a good foundation of HTML, Structured Query Language (SQL), and a scripting language is essential for the successful accomplishment of XML.
Estriol excretion profiles in narcotic-addicted pregnant women

Abstract Estriol excretion patterns were studied in 8 methadone-dependent pregnant women during their last trimester of gestation. In women maintained on narcotic drugs the concentration of estriol in their urine remained low. Following withdrawal of these patients from narcotic drugs their urinary estriol concentrations rapidly increased toward or exceeded the average values expected for their gestation time. Neither ACTH nor Metopirone stimulated estriol excretion in these addicted pregnant women; however, a daily dose of 4 mg. of dexamethasone decreased urinary estriol excretion. It is concluded that careful consideration be given to the drugs a patient may be taking when fetal well-being is monitored with urinary estriol excretion.