cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Challenges in distributed energy adaptive computing

Fueled by burgeoning online services, energy consumption in information technology (IT) equipment is becoming a major concern from a variety of perspectives including the continuation of Moore's Law for hardware design, enabling sophisticated mobile client functionality, mounting utility costs in data centers, and increasing CO2 emissions associated with IT manufacturing, distribution, usage and disposal. This article discusses an approach where energy consumption and related issues of heat dissipation and sustainability are considered as the primary concerns that drive the way computation and communication is organized at both clients and servers. This article describes the challenges in supporting such a distributed energy adaptive computing paradigm.
Effective Light Harvesting of Tandem Polymer Solar Cell

A novel soluble conjugated polymers, P2, with coplanar thiophene-phenylene-thiophene unit is designed and synthesized as suitable active material used in tandem cells to compensate the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/[6.6]-phenyl-C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71 BM) bulk-heterojunction cell in this paper. P2 polymer bears advantages in both low optical bandgap (1.7 eV) and high hole mobility properties (3.4 ×10 ―3 cm 2 /V-s from field-effect transistor measurement). Furthermore, the electrochemical studies of P2 indicate desirable highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO/LUMO) band structure that enables a high open circuit voltage when pairing with PCBM acceptor. The best power conversion efficiency of this polymer solar cell thus far based on P2/PC 71 BM system with a weight ratio of 1:3 reached 4.4% with a short circuit current density (J sc ) of 10.2 mA/cm 2 , an open circuit voltage (V oc ) of 0.81 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.53 under air mass (AM) 1.5 G (100 mW/cm 2 ). The preliminary data of the tandem cell with indium tin oxide (ITO) glass/PEDOT:PSS/P2: PC 7 /BM/TiOx/PEDOT: PSS/P3HT: PC 7 /BM/TiOx/Al configuration has reached J sc of 6.2 mA/cm 2 , V oc of 1.33 V, FF of 0.56 and an overall efficiency of 4.6% under AM 1.5 G (100 mW/cm 2 ).
A Fast First Pass at the Future Fastbus

In July, 1975 efforts were initiated to develop a new standard structure for processing digital information with emphasis on very large, very high data rate experiments. This effort is currently called the "FASTBUS." At this time, the design of the bus appears to be solidifying - at least to the extent that the specifications can be "tried on for size" to a real project. At Fermilab a commitment has been made to use the FASTBUS in the Colliding Detector Facility and a smaller preliminary project, E594. This paper examines these projects for fit.
Transcatheter control of postpolypectomy hemorrhage

Intraarterial vasopressin infusion of the inferior mesenteric artery was used in the treatment of 2 patients with massive hemorrhage following colonoscopic polypectomy. Both patients had tiple medical problems and were considered to be very-high-risk candidates for emergency surgery. Arteriography readily demonstrated the site of bleeding, and vasopressin infusion effectively controlled the hemorrhage in both patients without complication. Angiographic management allowed elective colonic resection 1 month later in 1 patient and prevented surgery in the other who has not bled again in the 6 months following the procedure. The role of arteriography in the management of postpolypectomy hemorrhage is discussed.
Molecular orbital studies of the conformation around the 5 position in angiotensin II

Abstract Analogs of angiotensin are more potent when the side chain at position 5 is branched rather than unbranched. We have performed molecular orbital calculations of conformational preferences of l -valine (branched side chain) and l -a-aminobutyric acid (unbranched side chain) as amino acid residues. The results of these calculations illustrate the differing conformational preferences of the two classes of amino acids and support a stereochemical role for position 5 of angiotensin.
Isolation of unsaturated diols after oxidation of conjugated linoleic acid with peroxygenase.

Oat seeds are a rich source of peroxygenase, an iron heme enzyme that participates in oxylipin metabolism in plants. An isomer of CLA, 9(Z), 11(F)-octadecadienoic acid (1), believed to have anticarcinogenic activity, was used as a substrate for peroxygenase in an aqueous medium using t-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant. After acidification of the reaction medium, the products were extracted with ethyl ether, converted to their methyl esters, and characterized using HPLC. Major products after reaction for 24 h showed resonances from 1H NMR spectroscopy that were further downfield than the expected epoxides and were thought to be diol hydrolysis products. However, analyses by HPLC with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization MS (APCI-MS) of the putative allylic diols or their bis-trimethylsilyl ether derivatives gave incorrect M.W. The M.W. of the diols could be obtained by APCI-MS after removal of unsaturation by hydrogenation or by EI-MS after conversion of unsaturation by hydrogenation or by EI-MS after conversion of the allylic 1,2-diols to cyclic methyl boronic esters. Data from MS in conjunction with analyses using 1H and 13C NMR showed that the methylated products from 1 were methyl 9,10(threo)-dihydroxy- 11(E)-octadecenoate, methyl 9,10(erythro)-dihydroxy-11(E)-octadecenoate, methyl 9,12(threo)-dihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoate. Solid-phase extraction without prior acidification and conversion of the products to methyl esters allowed identification of the following epoxides: methyl 9,10(Z)-epoxy-11(E)-octadecenoate (6M), methyl 9,10(E)-epoxy-11(E)-octadecenoate, and methyl 11,12(E)-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoate. At times of up to at least 6h, 6M accounted for approximately 90% of the epoxide product. Product analysis after the hydrolysis of isolated epoxide 6M showed that hydrolysis of epoxide 6 could largely account for the diol products obtained from the acidified reaction mixtures.
Preliminary calculations on the potential stability of BF−3and BF2−3

Ab initio MP2/6-311+G∗ energies and structures of BF3, BF−3, and BF2−3 were calculated to determine the potential stability of boron fluoride ions. Ion pairs with alkali atoms suggest that such salts may be stable.
Realistic electromigration lifetime projection of VLSI interconnects

Abstract Tungsten plug contacts/vias electromigration experiments have been performed using a variety of test structures under different stress conditions. It was found that electromigration failures, failure mechanisms of tungsten plug contacts/vias, were strongly influenced by the test structures and stress conditions. This paper discusses the effect of test structures and stress conditions on electromigration failure for realistic lifetime projection of VLSI interconnects.
A 2.4-GHz CMOS receiver for IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs

This paper describes a radio-frequency receiver targeting spread-spectrum wireless local-area-network applications in the 2.4-GHz band. Based on a direct-conversion architecture, the receiver employs partial channel selection filtering, dc offset removal, and baseband amplification. Fabricated in a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, the receiver achieves a noise figure of 8.3 dB, IP/sub 3/ of -9 dBm, IP/sub 2/ of +22 dBm, and voltage gain of 34 dB while dissipating 80 mW from a 3-V supply.
GENERAL RELATIVITY AS A LIMIT OF THE DE SITTER GAUGE THEORY

The gauge character of the vierbein field is investigated by introducing the Yang-Mills fields associated with the de Sitter gauge group and by contracting the de Sitter group to the Poincar\'e group. The vierbein field can indeed be seen as a gauge field consisting of the Yang-Mills fields associated with both the Lorentz and the translational symmetry. The local Lorentz invariance is found essential to deduce Einstein's theory of general relativity.
Air–sea exchange of CO 2 at a Northern California coastal site along the California Current upwelling system

It is not well understood whether coastal upwelling is a net CO 2 source to the atmosphere or a net CO 2 sink to the ocean due to high temporal variability of air–sea CO 2 exchange (CO 2 flux) in coastal upwelling zones. Upwelling transports heterotrophic, CO 2 enriched water to the surface and releases CO 2 to the atmosphere, whereas the presence of nutrient-rich water at the surface supports high primary production and atmospheric CO 2 uptake. To quantify the effects of upwelling on CO 2 flux, we measured CO 2 flux at a coastal upwelling site off of Bodega Bay, California, with the eddy covariance technique during the summer of 2007 and the fall of 2008, and the bulk method with partial pressure of CO 2 of surface water ( p CO 2 ) data from November 2010 to July 2011. Variations in sea surface temperatures (SST) and alongshore wind velocity suggest that the measurement period in 2007 coincided with a typical early summer upwelling period and the measurement period in 2008 was during a typical fall relaxation period. A strong source of CO 2 (~ 1.5 ± 7 SD (standard deviation) g C m −2 day −1 ) from the ocean to the atmosphere during the upwelling period was concurrent with high salinity, low SST, and low chlorophyll density. In contrast, a weak source of CO 2 flux (~ 0.2 ± 3 SD g C m −2 day −1 ) was observed with low salinity, high SST and high chlorophyll density during the relaxation period. Similarly, the sink and source balance of CO 2 flux was highly related to salinity and SST during the p CO 2 measurement periods; high salinity and low SST corresponded to high p CO 2 , and vice versa. We estimated that the coastal area off Bodega Bay was likely an overall source of CO 2 to the atmosphere based on the following conclusions: (1) the overall CO 2 flux estimated from both eddy covariance and p CO 2 measurements showed a source of CO 2 ; (2) although the relaxation period during the 2008 measurements were favorable to CO 2 uptake, CO 2 flux during this period was still a slight source; (3) salinity and SST were found to be good predictors of the CO 2 flux for both eddy covariance and p CO 2 measurements, and 99% of the historical SST and salinity data available between 1988 and 2011 fell within the range of our observations in May–June 2007, August–September 2008 and November 2010–July~2011, which indicates that our data set was representative of the annual variations in the sea state. Based on the developed relationship between p CO 2 , SST and salinity, the study area between 1988 and 2011 was estimated to be an annual source of CO 2 of ~ 35 mol C m −2 yr −1 . The peak monthly CO 2 flux of ~ 7 mol C m −2 month −1 accounted for almost 30% of the dissolved inorganic carbon in the surface mixed layer.
THE COMMERCIAL UNDERCLAYS OF INDIANA

The commercial underclays of Indiana are used extensively in the manufacture of heavy clay products in that State; the use of native underclays for making pottery and refractories has been comparatively limited. Field and laboratory data relating to those underclays now being utilized by the clay plants of the State are summarized. The data, for the most part, are based upon field observations and laboratory tests made by the writer. The underclays are discussed with reference to their stratigraphical occurrences, physical characteristics in the outcrop, and physical properties as determined in the laboratory by chemical analyses and fire tests. The data selected for each underclay horizon are representative of the average quality of the clay used commercially from that horizon. Brief mention is made also of the qualities of underclays in horizons other than those being utilized a t the present time.
Dual workfunction fully silicided metal gates

Fully silicided (FUSI), dual workfunction (WF), Ni monosilicide metal gates are demonstrated using Sb predoped polySi for setting the nFET WF and for the first time a combination of Al predoped polySi and a Ni(Pt) alloy silicide for the pFET WF. The combination of the Sb and Al predoped polySi along with the Ni(Pt)Si, allow for WFs spanning the Si band gap to within 0.2 eV of the band edges. With this large WF range the FUSI, dual WF, NiSi process is applicable for both high performance and low power CMOS applications. It is shown that the Al and Sb predoped polySi and the Ni(Pt)Si alloy have leakage currents equivalent to NiSi formed from intrinsic polySi. A fundamental voiding problem in the formation of CoSi/sub 2/ metal gates is also demonstrated, indicating the superiority of the NiSi gates.
Variational Estimates of the Self-Consistent Type for the Effective Behaviour of Some Model Nonlinear Polycrystals

A new class of self‐consistent estimates for nonlinear polycrystals is obtained by making use of the classical self‐consistent estimates for the ‘linear comparison polycrystal’ in the nonlinear variational procedure of deBotton and Ponte Castaneda (1995). A distinctive feature of the new self‐consistent estimates is that they satisfy the recent bound of Kohn and Little (1997) for two‐dimensional ideally plastic polycrystals, which is known to be significantly more restrictive than the Taylor bound at large grain anisotropy. In addition, the new self‐consistent estimates are found to satisfy the Taylor and Hashin–Shtrikman bounds, which are sharper than the Kohn–Little bound at low grain anisotropy. This result suggests that the new self‐consistent estimates may also be more accurate than other self‐consistent estimates, like those arising from the incremental model of Hill (1965), for three‐dimensional nonlinear polycrystals.
Polymer-Carbon Nanotube Sheets for Conformal Load Bearing Antennas

We propose a conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet to realize conformal antennas on polymer substrates. Polymer-ceramic composites (rubber-like structures) have good RF (high dielectric constant and low loss tangent) and desirable mechanical properties (conformal, flexible and lightweight). However, there is a challenge in printing metallization circuits on polymer substrates due to their hydrophobic nature. Also, they are associated with low metal-polymer adhesion, causing peeling under stain or tensile stresses. To address these issues, in this paper, we consider the approach of embedding high density vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes within the polymer composite to achieve a CNT sheet having high structural compatibility. We present the fabrication process to achieve high conductivity CNT sheets and construct a sample polymer-CNT patch antenna, yielding a 5.6 dB gain. This is only 0.8 dB lower than that of an ideal patch made of perfect electric conductor (PEC). Strain and tensile tests are also carried out to evaluate electrical performance of the polymer-CNT sheet as it is bent and stretched. Our measurements show that the proposed conductive polymer-CNT sheet is highly flexible and preserves good conductivity under small bending and stretching. The CNT sheet retains acceptable performances even after 100° bending and 13% stretching. The proposed polymer-CNT sheets are well suited for load bearing antenna applications.
Molecular mechanisms of memory acquisition, consolidation and retrieval

Memory is often considered to be a process that has several stages, including acquisition, consolidation and retrieval. Memory can be modified further through reconsolidation and performance can change during extinction trials while the original memory remains intact. Recent studies of the molecular basis of these processes have found that many signaling molecules are involved in several stages of memory but, in some cases, molecular pathways may be selectively recruited only during certain stages of memory.
Basic Amino Acids in a Distinct Subset of Signal Peptides Promote Interaction with the Signal Recognition Particle

Previous studies have demonstrated that signal peptides bind to the signal recognition particle (SRP) primarily via hydrophobic interactions with the 54-kDa protein subunit. The crystal structure of the conserved SRP ribonucleoprotein core, however, raised the surprising possibility that electrostatic interactions between basic amino acids in signal peptides and the phosphate backbone of SRP RNA may also play a role in signal sequence recognition. To test this possibility we examined the degree to which basic amino acids in a signal peptide influence the targeting of two Escherichia coli proteins, maltose binding protein and OmpA. Whereas both proteins are normally targeted to the inner membrane by SecB, we found that replacement of their native signal peptides with another moderately hydrophobic but unusually basic signal peptide (ΔEspP) rerouted them into the SRP pathway. Reduction in either the net positive charge or the hydrophobicity of the ΔEspP signal peptide decreased the effectiveness of SRP recognition. A high degree of hydrophobicity, however, compensated for the loss of basic residues and restored SRP binding. Taken together, the data suggest that the formation of salt bridges between SRP RNA and basic amino acids facilitates the binding of a distinct subset of signal peptides whose hydrophobicity falls slightly below a threshold level.
Janus-like opposing roles of CD47 in autoimmune brain inflammation in humans and mice

Comparison of transcriptomic and proteomic data from pathologically similar multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions reveals down-regulation of CD47 at the messenger RNA level and low abundance at the protein level. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrate that CD47 is expressed in normal myelin and in foamy macrophages and reactive astrocytes within active MS lesions. We demonstrate that CD47−/− mice are refractory to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), primarily as the result of failure of immune cell activation after immunization with myelin antigen. In contrast, blocking with a monoclonal antibody against CD47 in mice at the peak of paralysis worsens EAE severity and enhances immune activation in the peripheral immune system. In vitro assays demonstrate that blocking CD47 also promotes phagocytosis of myelin and that this effect is dependent on signal regulatory protein α (SIRP-α). Immune regulation and phagocytosis are mechanisms for CD47 signaling in autoimmune neuroinflammation. Depending on the cell type, location, and disease stage, CD47 has Janus-like roles, with opposing effects on EAE pathogenesis.
System level reliability in convolution computations

The author demonstrates how generalized cyclic codes, defined over the rings and fields usually used in high-speed convolution of discrete-time sequence processing, can be incorporated directly and quite naturally within the data processing of such arithmetic systems. Design methods for one class of real cyclic codes are detailed, along with examples. Encoding and parity manipulation methods are developed which permit straightforward and efficient mechanizations. Errors are detected immediately at the conclusion of the processing pass, allowing appropriate error control actions to be initiated. Typical responses to detected errors may be to retry the calculation, reconfigure the overall system, or enter a subsystem testing mode. A complexity analysis of the protection subsystems shows that protection requires additional arithmetic complexity on the order of the number of parity positions squared. >
Occipital horn syndrome and a mild Menkes phenotype associated with splice site mutations at the MNK locus.

We have found mutations in the Menkes disease gene (MNK) which impair, but do not abolish, correct mRNA splicing in patients with less severe clinical phenotypes. In one family, four males aged 2–36 years with a distinctive Menkes variant have a mutation at the +3 position of a splice donor site near the 3′ end of the Menkes coding sequence that is associated with exon skipping and a stable mutant transcript. In an unrelated 15-year-old male with typical occipital horn syndrome, a point mutation at the −2 exonic position of a splice donor site in the middle of the gene causes exon-skipping and activation of a cryptic splice acceptor site. In both mutations, maintenance of some normal splicing is demonstrable by RT-PCR, cDNA sequencing and ribonuclease protection.
Medication Guide Reading Behaviors and Attitudes Among Subjects With Migraine, Asthma, or COPD:

This cross-sectional survey describes attitudes and reading behaviors toward medication guides among 785 subjects with migraine, asthma, or COPD who reported recent use of Treximet (sumatriptan/naproxen sodium) or Advair (fluticasone propionate/salmeterol). The survey demonstrated that the majority (82%) of subjects had read their medication guide, but most read it exactly once and did not read it thoroughly. Patients did not read medication guides with each refill, with the most frequent reasons being that they did not expect the information to have changed and that a doctor would tell them what they needed to know. Factors significantly associated with patients hypothetically being more likely to read medication guides associated with their new prescription included increasing age, simplification to format and content of the medication guide, and where subjects typically received their medication safety information. Patients reported acquiring medication safety from doctors or pharmacists more frequently than from medication guides. The results provide insights into potential revisions to the medication guides that may improve reading behaviors.
Limited angle tomography using wavelets

The authors propose a wavelet-based algorithm for the problem of limited angle tomography given some approximate a priori knowledge about the edges parallel to the missing view angles. They use this approximate partial edge knowledge to restore certain affected high-resolution wavelet domain images. The low-resolution image is restored using interpolation of some of the low-wavenumber Fourier components of the image. The wavelet transform is used to combine the low-resolution and high-resolution images into a reconstructed image. Numerical examples illustrate the procedure and its robustness to erroneous edge information. >
Predictive mitigation of timing channels in interactive systems

Timing channels remain a difficult and important problem for information security. Recent work introduced predictive mitigation, a new way to mitigating leakage through timing channels; this mechanism works by predicting timing from past behavior, and then enforcing the predictions. This paper generalizes predictive mitigation to a larger and important class of systems: systems that receive input requests from multiple clients and deliver responses. The new insight is that timing predictions may be a function of any public information, rather than being a function simply of output events. Based on this insight, a more general mechanism and theory of predictive mitigation becomes possible. The result is that bounds on timing leakage can be tightened, achieving asymptotically logarithmic leakage under reasonable assumptions. By applying it to web applications, the generalized predictive mitigation mechanism is shown to be effective in practice.
Disability: The Last Marriage Equality Frontier

Obergefell emphasizes the importance of marriage for dignity and emotional well-being as well as recognizing all the economic and legal benefits that accrue to marriage. The marriage equality movement in general aims to end economic disadvantage and cultural stigma towards nontraditional families. Families with disabilities should also fulfill this mandate. Suggested remedies include removing the marriage penalty for receiving federal disability benefits, increased training and accommodation for supporting parents with disabilities, and specialized care, housing, and laws for people with mental disabilities who wish to have sex, parent, or marry.
Collaborative Research In Service Science: Quality And Innovation

The unprecedented shift in customer, corporate and societal demand for services and the management of corresponding resources has created a critical need for research, education, and outreach in service systems. Universities worldwide are addressing this need through the establishment of collaborative research centers, such as the Center for Services Science, Quality and Innovation (SSQI) at Virginia Tech. This paper discusses service science as a promising field of research and suggests opportunities for collaboration across disciplines, institutions and cultures.
Paradoxical changes in innate immunity in aging: recent progress and new directions.

Immunosenescence, describing alterations, including decline of immune responses with age, is comprised of inappropriate elevations, decreases, and dysregulated immune responses, leading to more severe consequences of bacterial and viral infections and reduced responses to vaccination. In adaptive immunity, these changes include increased proportions of antigen-experienced B and T cells at the cost of naive cell populations. Innate immune changes in aging are complex in spanning multiple cell types, activation states, and tissue context. Innate immune responses are dampened in aging, yet there is also a paradoxical increase in certain signaling pathways and cytokine levels. Here, we review recent progress and highlight novel directions for expected advances that can lead the aging field to a new era of discovery that will embrace the complexity of aging in human populations.
Thalamus volume and ambulation in multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study.

Aim: This cross-sectional study examined if subcortical gray matter (SGM) structures accounted for differences in timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) speed between multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and controls. Methods: Subjects underwent brain MRI and completed the T25FW. Volumes of the thalamus, caudate, putamen and pallidum were calculated from 3D T1-weighted structural brain images. T2 lesion volume (T2LV) was determined by using a semiautomated edge detection contouring-thresholding technique. Results: There were differences in T25FW speed, SGM volumes and T2LV between MS and controls. T25FW speed was associated with SGM volumes and T2LV in MS and controls. Thalamic volume partially accounted for the difference in T25FW speed between the MS and controls. Conclusion: The reduction of thalamus volume is associated with compromised ambulation in MS patients.
Unveiling Vegas: urbanism at the nexus of private profit and public policy

In the capitalist economy of the United States, the material city is largely built by the private sector, especially investors, developers, and builders. How does public policy interface with this private dynamic of the contemporary American city? The purpose of this article is to craft an empirical analysis of the private/public interface of one of the most high-profile projects of the early 21st century: CityCenter in Las Vegas, Nevada. Based on site visits, visual documentation, interviews, and analysis of government documents and other reports, the article demonstrates how the role of public policy is in fact shaped by private initiatives, corporate discourse, and profit motives at the cost of public benefits. The article concludes with insights into the process of urbanism, including how intertwined the private and public realms actually are, and ways in which the benefits of urban projects are unevenly distributed through this private profit/public policy nexus.
The Children's Protection Society: Nationalizing Child Welfare in Early Republican Turkey

“Song of the Children's Protection Society” (Himaye-i Etfal Turkusu)Oh, Homeland! Homeland! Homeland!It is these Turkish childrenWho protect you, who make you shine,Who increase your renown.Oh, Nation! Nation! Nation!It is these Turkish childrenFor whom you wished happinessAnd created this great state.It is these Turkish childrenWho walk, crawl,Who adorn your homesWho await nurturance and assistance.It is these Turkish childrenFor whom assistance should be endless.Do not distinguish rich from poor,They are all your eyes, your heart, and your equals.It is these Turkish childrenWho will be the guardians of the country tomorrow,Armed with science and ammunition,The grandchildren of the Grey Wolf.-Aka Gunduz, 1929
Transcriptome wide analyses reveal a sustained cellular stress response in the gill tissue of Trematomus bernacchii after acclimation to multiple stressors

As global climate change progresses, the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica is poised to undergo potentially rapid and substantial changes in temperature and pCO2. To survive in this challenging environment, the highly cold adapted endemic fauna of these waters must demonstrate sufficient plasticity to accommodate these changing conditions or face inexorable decline. Previous studies of notothenioids have focused upon the short-term response to heat stress; and more recently the longer-term physiological response to the combined stress of increasing temperatures and pCO2. This inquiry explores the transcriptomic response of Trematomus bernacchii to increased temperatures and pCO2 at 7, 28 and 56 days, in an attempt to discern the innate plasticity of T. bernacchii available to cope with a changing Southern Ocean. Differential gene expression analysis supported previous research in that T. bernacchii exhibits no inducible heat shock response to stress conditions. However, T. bernacchii did demonstrate a strong stress response to the multi-stressor condition in the form of metabolic shifts, DNA damage repair, immune system processes, and activation of apoptotic pathways combined with negative regulation of cell proliferation. This response declined in magnitude over time, but aspects of this response remained detectable throughout the acclimation period. When exposed to the multi-stressor condition, T. bernacchii demonstrates a cellular stress response that persists for a minimum of 7 days before returning to near basal levels of expression at longer acclimation times. However, subtle changes in expression persist in fish acclimated for 56 days that may significantly affect the fitness T. bernacchii over time.
Development of a computerized monitoring program to identify narcotic diversion in a pediatric anesthesia practice

Purpose Development of an operational reporting dashboard designed to correlate data from multiple sources to help detect potential drug diversion by automated dispensing cabinet (ADC) users is described. Methods A commercial business intelligence platform was used to create a dashboard tool for rapid detection of unusual patterns of ADC transactions by anesthesia service providers at a large pediatric hospital. By linking information from the hospital’s pharmacy information management system (PIMS) and anesthesia information management system (AIMS) in an associative data model, the “narcotic reconciliation dashboard” can generate various reports to help spot outlier activity associated with ADC dispensing of controlled substances and documentation of medication waste processing. Results The dashboard’s utility was evaluated by “back-testing” the program with historical data on an actual episode of diversion by an anesthesia provider that had not been detected through traditional methods of PIMS and AIMS data monitoring. Dashboard-generated reports on key metrics (e.g., ADC transaction counts, discrepancies in dispensed versus reconciled amounts of narcotics, PIMS–AIMS documentation mismatches) over various time frames during the period of known diversion clearly indicated the diverter’s outlier status relative to other authorized ADC users. Conclusion A dashboard program for correlating ADC transaction data with pharmacy and patient care data may be an effective tool for detecting patterns of ADC use that suggest drug diversion.
Formal total synthesis of okadaic acid via regiocontrolled gold(I)-catalyzed spiroketalizations.

Both C19 and C34 spiroketal domains of okadaic acid were assembled using gold(I) chloride catalyzed spiroketalizations, and the two resulting fragments were coupled to give the C15−C38 fragment of okadaic acid, a known intermediate for the total synthesis of this important natural product.
KORALIONASTETACEAE FAM. NOV. (ASCOMYCETES) FROM CORAL ROCK

Koralionastes Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., gen. nov. with the new species K. angustus, K. ellipticus and K. ovalis is described from coral slabs. These ascomycetes occur subtidally in shallow water of back reefs near small islands off the coast of Belize, Central America. Ascomata are attached to corallinecovered corals and are often enclosed by crustose sponges. Ascospores of all three species are thickwalled and germinate into hyphae bearing phialidic antheridia with enteroblastic spermatia. Because Koralionastes cannot be assigned to any known family, Koralionastetaceaefam. nov. (class Ascomycetes) is proposed.
Regulation of Kininogen Gene Expression and Localization in the Lung after Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats

Pyrrolizidine monocrotaline (MCT) from plant seed produces pulmonary endothelial cell injury, pulmonary hypertension, and inflammation in rats, providing a useful animal model for studying progressive pulmonary vascular disease. Kininogen is the precursor of proinflammatory kinins and may also exert anti-inflammatory actions by inhibiting cysteine proteinases. Given the potential roles of kininogen in vascular injury and inflammation, we have investigated the regulation of kininogen gene expression in the MCT-induced pulmonary hypertensive rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats, in groups of six, were given a single subcutaneous injection of monocrotatine (60 mg/kg body wt) and sacrificed 10 and 20 days later. Northern blot hybridization using a kininogen cDNA probe showed kininogen gene expression in the liver, lung, and kidney. MCT treatment induced a time-dependent increase in kininogen mRNA levels, whereas it reduced rat alpha 1-antitrypsin and kallikrein-binding protein mRNA levels in the liver. Similarly, kininogen mRNA levels were low in the normal lung and were increased 7.5- and 13.7-fold, respectively, after MCT injection for 10 and 20 days. Immunoreactive kininogen levels in perfused liver and lung extracts of rats receiving MCT injection increased up to 20-fold, as measured by a T-kininogen radioimmunoassay. Western blot analyses showed that a 68-kilodalton immunoreactive kininogen increased in the serum and lung extracts of MCT-treated rats compared to those in the control rats. In control rats, immunostaining for kininogen in the lung was most marked in venous endothelial cells and alveolar macrophages. After MCT treatment, staining for kininogen increased dramatically throughout the lung tissues, often covering the epithelial surfaces of alveoli and bronchi. The present studies have shown that the toxin MCT altered the synthesis and distribution of pulmonary kininogen and suggest that the kininogen/kinin system may be associated with the pulmonary vascular injury, remodeling, and inflammation seen in this animal model.
A Bijection in the Theory of Derangements

(1984). A Bijection in the Theory of Derangements. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 37-40.
Pictures by the Seedskadee: A Preliminary Analysis of the Biographic Rock Art of the Green River Basin, Southwestern, Wyoming

The Green River Basin of southwestern Wyoming has only recently been recognized as containing a rich rock art record closely related to Plains styles and traditions. Preliminary recording in 2002 shows that Biographic rock art is a major component at six Green River Basin sites. The Biographic petroglyphs there represent four different styles that relate to both Northern Plains and Colorado Plateau rock art, reflecting the importance of the Green River as a traders’ rendezvous and travel route throughout the Historic period. An extensive Biographic composition at the La Barge Bluffs site is the finest realisticb composition currently known in Plains rock art.
Interface and Bulk Oxide Damage Induced by Boron Implantation

Investigations were carried out on the damage of SiO2 and the Si-SiO2 interface induced by boron implantation through polysilicon/SiO2/p-Si structures with doses up to 1014cm−2 and annealed at 950°C. Using the constant voltage stressing technique, both capacitance-voltage and thin-oxide tunneling current measurements showed that both electron trapping and hole trapping are increased, and that ion-induced electron trapping over-competes hole trapping for boron doses higher than 5×1013cm−2.
Price as Information: Incidental Search Costs Affect Decisions to Terminate Information Search and Valuations of Information Sources

This study investigated the influence of incidental search costs on decisions to terminate information acquisition and the valuation of information sources. Participants who paid for information in a sequential hypothesis testing, medical diagnosis task terminated search earlier than those who acquired information without incidental costs. This finding is consistent with research in various search domains that demonstrates the aversive nature of costs. Participants exhibited a preference for highly diagnostic tests over those possessing low diagnosticity when cost distributions required participants to pay the same price to view the outcome of each tests. However, participants showed a preference for tests that were more expensive than their alternatives when costs differed between tests. This finding suggests that incidental costs influence the valuation of an information source during search. Our observation is consistent with a cost-quality substitution heuristic, where acquisition costs become a surro...
Effect of CRM on the Prognosis of Middle and Low Rectal Cancer

Objective To learn the effect of CRM on the prognosis of middle and low rectal cancer. Methods Clinicopathological data of 180 patients with middle and low rectal cancer treated with CRM were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between CRM and 5-year survival rate,metastasis and recurrence was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier. Results The 5-year survival rate of CRM positive patients( 1 mm) was lower,and its distant metastasis and local recurrence was higher( P 0. 05).Conclusion CRM positive is an important factor affecting the prognosis of rectal cancer ranking only second to TNM staging.
Discovery of Protein Kinase Phosphatase Inhibitors

Dynamic protein phosphorylation, a major cellular regulatory system, is tightly controlled by coordinating the reversible action of protein kinases and phosphatases. Recent evidence is consistent with sophisticated mechanisms that regulate both kinases and phosphatases in the cell. Dual specificity phosphatases, which act on phosphorylated serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues in proteins, are valid targets for drug discovery. Chemical complementation combines genetic manipulations with chemical biology and high-content multiparametric analyses and was developed as a screening approach to discover protein phosphatase inhibitors. Using a dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase as an example, a detailed protocol, discussion of issues relating to data analysis, and high-throughput implementation of the chemical complementation approach to drug discovery is presented.
Challenging the stigma of mental illness among college students

Abstract Purpose This study investigated the impact of contact- and education-based antistigma interventions on mental illness stigma, affirming attitudes, discrimination, and treatment seeking among college students. Methods Data were collected from 198 students of a Chicago University campus in spring of 2014. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a contact-based antistigma presentation, education-based presentation, or control condition. Measures of stigma, discrimination, affirming attitudes, and treatment seeking were administered at preintervention and postintervention. Results A 3 × 2 analysis of variance was completed for each measure to examine condition by trial interactions. Both contact- and education-based interventions demonstrated a significant impact on personal stigma, perceptions of empowerment, discrimination, attitudes towards treatment seeking, and intentions to seek treatment from formal sources. No difference in effect was demonstrated between the contact- and education-based conditions. Conclusions These findings suggest that these two approaches should be considered for challenging mental illness stigma among college students.
Pricing Models in Web Advertising

The method to determine the price of web advertising is one of the most striking innovations. In the early phases, most of the web advertisements were sold through traditional exposure-based pricing models, such as the flat fee model or the cost per impression model. However, over time, some other models also emerged in practice where the pricing is based on a visitor taking some specifically defined action in response to an advertisement. In fact, such models are now becoming more popular than the traditional models. This chapter presents different pricing models used in web advertising and analyze them.
Overview of the Interconnect Problem

One of the major challenges that the semiconductor industry is expected to face in the pursuit of further miniaturization of the minimum feature size in the next decade is the degrading interconnect performance. Interconnects limit the performance of integrated circuits (IC) because they add extra delay to critical paths, dissipate dynamic power, disturb signal integrity, and impose reliability concerns due to electromigration (EM) and time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB). Furthermore, variations in the interconnect features during manufacturing give rise to variations in circuit performance, which makes it increasingly difficult to predict circuit behavior at ultra-scaled technology generations. The exponential increase in the number of interconnects to be routed on a microchip requires a substantial amount of effort to be devoted to design and process optimizations and increases the cost due to the increasing number of required metal levels. All of these limitations become increasingly restrictive with dimensional scaling. In this chapter, the challenges associated with integrating the conventional copper-based interconnect technology at future technology generations are described.
Robustness, Reliability, and Overdetermination (1981)

The use of multiple means of determination to “triangulate” on the existence and character of a common phenomenon, object, or result has had a long tradition in science but has seldom been a matter of primary focus. As with many traditions, it is traceable to Aristotle, who valued having multiple explanations of a phenomenon, and it may also be involved in his distinction between special objects of sense and common sensibles. It is implicit though not emphasized in the distinction between primary and secondary qualities from Galileo onward. It is arguably one of several conceptions involved in Whewell’s method of the “consilience of inductions” (Laudan 1971) and is to be found in several places in Peirce.
Modeling high protein liquid beverage fouling during pilot scale ultra-high temperature (UHT) processing

Abstract Ultra-high temperature (UHT) processing is where liquid foods are sterilized at temperatures at or near 135 °C. Because of the relatively high temperature, UHT processes are known for developing severe foulants on heat exchange surfaces. Furthermore, there is ambiguity (and commercial variation) in the exact process temperature when UHT processing. Therefore, it was the goal of this research to quantify the effects of process temperature changes on fouling rates in a pilot UHT system. The research performed evaluated fouling when processing 20% (wt./wt.) reconstituted non-fat dry milk as a model high protein beverage. The variables of interest were process temperature (127, 132 and 138 °C) and run time. Each thermal process was designed to maintain equivalent thermal processing of a model microbe ( F 0 = 7.5) by adjusting the hold tube length at each temperature. After a defined run time, foulant from the pilot system was extracted into a sodium hydroxide solution. Compositional changes in this solution were indirectly associated with the pickup of foulant from the pilot system. Statistical differences ( α = 0.05) in fouling rates were observes as a function of process temperature using 4 foulant indicators (active alkali, electrical conductivity, protein content and color). The temperature dependence of fouling rate fit significantly to Arrhenius models ( r 2 range 0.95–0.99) with activation energies ranging from 116.6 to 154.5 kJ mol −1 . Results provide evidence that reduction in process temperatures can significantly decrease fouling rates, therefore increasing product run times.
Measuring Agency-Level Results: Lessons Learned from Catholic Relief Services’ Beneficiary and Service Delivery Indicators Initiative

Background: Many NGOs have less success documenting their results at the agency level than at the program or project level. Little has been published on the challenges NGOs face in developing and measuring agency-level results. To address this issue, InterAction, an alliance of NGOs, commissioned a comparative study that drew on the existing grey literature, and a sample of 17 InterAction member organizations through case studies and interviews. Purpose: This paper builds on that InterAction study by presenting one of the first published case studies of a successful agency-level measurement (ALM) system – Catholic Relief Services’ (CRS’) Beneficiary and Service Delivery Indicators (BSDI) initiative. Setting: A faith-based multi-national relief and development NGO. Intervention: N/A Research Design: A case study approach was used to describe and document the development of the CRS ALM. Data Collection and Analysis: The information in this study is derived primarily from CRS files and documents. Data reflecting ALM practices in other NGOs were derived from the 17 InterAction member NGOs. Data reflecting the ALM practices developed by specific NGOs and presented in tabular form in the paper were derived from official documents published by those NGOs. Findings: The authors discuss key lessons for other large and small organizations to consider when developing their own ALM systems. Keywords: agency-level results (ALR); agency-level measurement (ALM); monitoring, evaluation, accountability, and learning (MEAL); monitoring and evaluation; non-governmental organization (NGO); agency-wide metrics; results-based planning and reporting; Catholic Relief Services (CRS)
Estimation of active maintenance opportunity windows in Bernoulli production lines

Abstract Effective and timely maintenance actions can sustain and improve both system availability and product quality in automated manufacturing systems. However, arbitrarily stopping machines for maintenance will occupy their production time and may introduce system-level production losses. There may exist hidden opportunities during production, such that specific machines can be actively shut down for preventive maintenance without penalizing the system throughput. In this paper, the time intervals for such opportunities are defined as active maintenance opportunity windows (AMOWs). A Bernoulli model is developed to analytically estimate AMOWs in two-machine-one-buffer production lines. A recursive algorithm based on an aggregation method is used to estimate AMOWs in long lines. For balanced production lines, a heuristic algorithm is proposed to estimate AMOWs in real time. The effectiveness of the methods has been validated through numerical studies.