cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical modeling of beneficial dynamic floating-body effects in non-fully depleted SOI CMOS circuits

The floating-body configuration is desirable in scaled SOI CMOS technology because of area efficacy. Unfortunately it portends various problems, one of which is the premature parasitic-BJT breakdown that occurs in both fully depleted (FD) and non-fully depleted (NFD) SOI MOSFETs. In the NFD device, other floating-body effects, some of which can be beneficial, are apparent at drain-source voltages below the breakdown because of the sensitivity of threshold voltage to the body-source bias. This bias, which can be forward or reverse in dynamic operation of the MOSFET, is due to positive or negative excess majority-carrier densities in the floating body. In this paper, we present a physical model for the NFD/SOI MOSFET and use it in a circuit simulator (SOISPICE) to identify and assess beneficial floating-body effects in dynamic operation of scaled CMOS digital circuits.
Surface states on a chromia catalyst

Abstract Experiments were performed on pressed pellets of microcrystalline chromia, using measurements of adsorption, temperature-programmed desorption, and electrical conductivity. From the electrical conductivity measurements, a donor surface state was identified and calculated to be at an energy of 0.3 eV above the valence band. (Presumably, the bulk valence band is the Cr3+ band of the semiconductor.) It was concluded that this donor surface state is associated with the same coordinatively unsaturated surface Cr3+ ions that have been shown in other work to be the catalytically active centers on the catalyst. Studies of oxygen adsorption, CO adsorption, and CO oxidation are presented. The results are consistent with, but provide new details regarding, the accepted models of oxidation catalysis over chromia.
Maintaining cooperation among cardiac myofilament proteins through thick and thin

Email: solarorj@uic.eduOne of the potentially important but oftenunappreciated mechanisms in the controlof cardiac function is that diastolic ﬁlling,the triggering and sustaining of developedpressure, and the dynamics of relaxationare likely to involve cooperative inter-actions among the sarcomeric proteins(Moss
Shifting ontological perspectives in reasoning about physical systems

Commitment to an ontological perspective is a primary aspect of reasoning about the physical world. For complex analytic tasks, the ability to switch between different ontologies to represent the same target system can be critical. Supplementing the standard device ontology for electronic circuits, we outline elements of a charge-carrier (CC) ontology for reasoning about electronics. Having two ontologies extends our range of reasoning, but raises the issue of how to control their application. We propose a set of ontological-choice rules to govern the process of ontological shift and demonstrate its effectiveness with examples involving the two ontologies in reasoning about electronic circuits.
A multi-resolution approach for steady state uncertainty determination in nonlinear dynamical systems

A novel multi-resolution algorithm is presented to solve the Fokker Planck equation (FPE) for general N-dimensional nonlinear systems while addressing the "curse of dimensionality". Numerical aspects of the extension of the proposed approach to high dimensional systems is discussed for the stationary FPE. The algorithm is validated against and compared with the existing methods.
Surfactant-Base-Barbiturate Suppositories I: Rectal Absorption in Rabbits

A series of pet rolatum-paraffin-surfactant suppository bases were tested in rabbits under carefully controlled conditions with a series of barbiturates included. Each surfactant had a different HLB value and each barbiturate had a different distribution coefficient. The depression of the respiratory rate was measured for a period of 2.5 hr. to det ermine absorption rates. A comparative analysis of the data is presented. The effects of the chemical type of the drug and the surfactant are shown in the comparative studies. Surfactants enhanced the release and absorption of the barbiturate in some bases; however, binding of the drug is suspected in some bases. The relationships of the HLB of the surfactant and the distribution coefficient of the drug to release and absorption are presented. Further work, using different approaches to this problem, is indicated.
Sialic Acid 9-O-Acetylation on Murine Erythroleukemia Cells Affects Complement Activation, Binding to I-type Lectins, and Tissue Homing

O-Acetylation of the 9-hydroxyl group of sialic acids has been suggested to modify various recognition phenomena involving these molecules, but direct proof has been lacking in most situations. In the accompanying paper (Shi, W.-X., Chammas, R., and Varki, A. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 31517-31525), we report that the extent of 9-O-acetylation of cell surface sialic acids on murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells can be modified by various manipulations, including differentiation, nocodazole treatment, and 9-O-acetyl esterase treatment. We have used this system to explore the putative roles of 9-O-acetylation in modulating alternative pathway complement activation, I-type lectin binding, and tissue homing. MEL cells are shown to be sensitive to lysis in vitro by the alternative pathway of human complement. Induced differentiation of the MEL cells causes resistance to lysis, and this correlates directly with extent of decrease in 9-O-acetylation. A similar resistance to alternative pathway lysis can be obtained by selective enzymatic removal of 9-O-acetyl groups from sialic acids. Conversely, the increase in cell surface 9-O-acetylation caused by nocodazole treatment correlates with increased sensitivity to alternative pathway lysis. Thus, a 9-O-acetyl group added to the side chain of cell surface sialic acids may abrogate its normal function in restricting alternative pathway activation. Indeed, the binding of human complement factor H, a negative regulator of the alternative pathway, is shown to be blocked by O-acetylation of the sialic acids on MEL cells. MEL cells are also shown to have cell surface ligands for the I-type lectins sialoadhesin and CD22. Sialoadhesin (but not CD22) binding is selectively enhanced by differentiation-induced loss of cell surface 9-O-acetylation and by direct enzymatic removal of the ester groups. Thus, some sialoadhesin ligands are masked by 9-O-acetylation, presumably because the side chain is required for recognition. Since sialoadhesin is expressed on some macrophages in vivo, we reasoned that tissue homing of MEL cells might be affected by O-acetylation. Indeed, enzymatic removal of cell surface 9-O-acetyl groups alters the tissue distribution of intravenously injected cells. In particular, de-O-acetylation caused significant increase in homing to the liver and spleen. These data demonstrate that cell surface 9-O-acetylation can affect a variety of biological recognition phenomena and provide a system for further exploration of the specific molecular mechanisms involved.
THE SOLAR CONSTANT

Abstract The value of the solar constant indicated by 30 years of observation by the Smithsonian Institution is revised in the light of the scale correction announced in 1952 and new solar spectral-irradiance data for outside the earth's atmosphere obtained by the Naval Research Laboratory. The ultraviolet and infrared corrections applied by the Smithsonian Institution in solar-constant determinations are examined and reevaluated. The accuracy of their measurement of total irradiance in the spectral range 0.346 to 2.4 microns is in general supported, only a 0.3 per cent increase being indicated owing to revision of a correction applied in reaching their value. The corrections for radiation outside this spectral range are found to be larger than those used by the Smithsonian Institution. The new value of the solar constant is 2.00 calories per square centimeter per minute, with a probable error of two percent, and the solar-illuminance constant is 13.67 lumens per square centimeter (12,700 foot-candles).
A Comparison of Single Unit Activity in Primate Caudate Nucleus and Putamen in a Sensory Cued Motor Task

The behavioral correlates of single unit activity in the putamen and caudate nucleus were compared in primates. Single unit neuronal activity was recorded during the performance of a sensory cued reaching task. Units in the putamen were more often modulated with motor events than units in the caudate nucleus. The latter had many more units with anticipatory responses to sensory events of the task and more responses to sensory cues. It is suggested that the putamen plays a more important role in movement regulation than the caudate nucleus and that the caudate nucleus has a role in switching behavioral states.
Magnetic Field Evolution in an Accreting White Dwarf

I discuss the evolution of the magnetic field of an accreting white dwarf. I show that the ohmic decay time is 7-12 billion years for the lowest order decay mode, almost independent of core temperature or mass. I then show that the magnetic field structure is substantially altered by accretion if the white dwarf mass increases at a rate more than 1-5 x 10^(-10) solar masses per year. I discuss the implications of this result for observed systems, including the possible evolutionary link between AM Hers and intermediate polars.
Polymer Liquid Crystals and Their Blends: A Hierarchy of Structures

Hierarchical structures are possible in polymer liquid crystals (PLCs) since each molecule contains at least two kinds of building blocks that are not homeomorphic to each other. We discuss some examples of molecular structures and phase structures of monomer liquid crystals (MLCs) and PLCs: smectic phases formed by interdigitated MLC molecules; PLC molecule classification based on increasing complexity - and its consequences on properties of the materials; and formation and phase structures of LC-rich islands in PLCs and in PLC blends. Some rules pertaining to hierarchical structures are formulated. The knowledge of hierarchies is neccessary - but not sufficient - for intelligent procesing of PLCs and their blends and for achieving properties defined in advance. Computer modelling represents another important element of building materials to order.
Monitoring Evaluation of Routine Immunization Vaccination Rates in Chifeng Reported in 2011

Objective: To investigate the routine immunization vaccination rate of BCG vaccine,hepatitis B vaccine,polio vaccine,DPT vaccine and measles vaccine in Chifeng reported in 2011.Methods: The difference(D) evaluation method and the ratio(R) evaluation method were taken for the investigation.Results: The reported vaccination rate of five kinds of vaccines come up to national requirement for 95% of vaccination rate indicators.The evaluation result of D value was between suspicion and incredibility.The evaluation result of R value was in credible value range.Conclusion: By shortenning the immune cycle,increasing immune frequency,timely vaccination coverage of routine immunization vaccines can be improved,and by making good use of children's vaccination information management system the management of children in the jurisdictions can be strengthened.
Oncology nurses' experiences with requests for assisted dying from terminally ill patients with cancer.

Purpose/objectives To explore oncology nurses' experiences with receiving requests for assisted dying from terminally ill patients with cancer. Design Descriptive, naturalistic. Setting RNs who identified themselves as direct care providers or clinical nurse specialist members of the Oncology Nursing Society. Sample 40 oncology nurses who responded to a randomized, sequential direct mailing submitted 48 stories for analysis. Methods Anonymously submitted written stories analyzed using Denzin's process of interpretive interactionism. Main research variable The experience of receiving a request for assisted dying. Findings Four main themes emerged from the thematic analysis: Control, Conflict, Covert Communication, and the Enduring Influence. Eleven subthemes included the Cry for Help, Hastening the Process, What if, Managing the Morphine, Countering With Palliative Care, Collision of Values, Sense of Distress, Dialogue Around the Request, Silent Knowing, the Unforgettable, and Reflections on Lessons Learned. Conclusions Experiences included a mixture of direct-patient and family requests for pain relief, anticipatory fear of future pain, desire to end life before unacceptable deterioration, family requests to hasten the dying trajectory, and others. Stories reflected the larger societal struggle with desires to control life, health, and the dying process. Implications for nursing practice Nurses should be prepared to respond to such requests in a compassionate and helpful way that is respectful of both the patient's and the nurse's personal values. Diversity of individual values and priorities may trigger some patients to seek assistance in controlling the timing and circumstances of death. Thus, continued study of nurse, patient, and family member experiences with this ethical dilemma is warranted.
Metals and Cell Adhesion

Cell adhesion molecules of the cadherin and immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecule (IgCAM) families play critical roles in the regulation of cell–cell interactions during all phases of embryonic development as well as in maintaining the integrity of adult tissues. These critical morphogenetic molecules are receiving increased attention as potential targets of developmental toxicant action, since many of these compounds may exert their deleterious effects on development through modulation of cell adhesion molecule expression and function. This chapter discusses recent evidence for such interactions, in particular the experimental analysis of heavy metal and organic solvent effects on cadherins and IgCAMs. The accumulating evidence provides strong experimental support for such interactions and underscores the need for further studies into the underlying mechanisms in order to lead to better preventive and therapeutic interventions to ameliorate the effects of these important gene–environment interactions involving these environmental developmental toxicants.
Modeling simultaneous deposition and aggregation of colloids

Abstract Solid formation and particle deposition in chemical and pharmaceutical processes often leads to heat exchanger or reactor fouling, compromising operability. The aim of this work is to propose a mathematical framework, based on population balance equations, to describe the simultaneous colloid aggregation and deposition. The problem is dealt with by accounting for two distinct cluster mass distributions, the first one describing the free clusters, while the second one the deposited aggregates. Three main events are considered: (i) aggregation of two free clusters, (ii) deposition of free clusters on the reactor wall (i.e. a free cluster turns into a deposited one), and (iii) aggregation of a free cluster with a deposited one. To describe the aggregation of free clusters, three typical aggregation kernels (i.e. diffusion-limited and reaction-limited cluster aggregation as well as simple shear aggregation) have been used. Starting from those kernels, aggregation laws to describe the interaction between a free and a deposited cluster were proposed and a simple cluster-mass dependent deposition law was employed. The simulation results are then discussed in the frame of one dimensionless parameter, function of the relevant characteristic time of the process (i.e. aggregation and deposition).
Bio-inspired nanostructure: DNA-based plasmonic assemblies, chirality, and transparency window effect (Conference Presentation)

Bio-inspired Nanostructures: DNA-based plasmonic assemblies, chirality and transparency window effect.
The Coming Genocide? Burundi's Past, Present, and Potentially Deadly Future

ABSTRACTThe Great Lakes region of Africa is the most conflict-prone region of the world and one current concern is political violence in Burundi. This research investigates whether Burundi is on the precipice of a genocide. Burundi's weak democratic norms, genocidal history, and the impact of contagion and diffusion of violence in the region provide a number of the conditions that could contribute to a genocide. This research investigates the past and present conflict variables of the Great Lakes region with a focus on Burundi and assesses the potential that the ongoing political violence in Burundi will lead to genocide.
Introduction to SSD

Solid-state drives (SSD) represents the state of the art of mass storage solutions. They can be looked at as the evolution of Hard Disks which eventually “lost” the mechanical arm moving onto a rotating magnetic disk in favor of using solid-state nonvolatile memory chips to store data. This simple difference makes an SSD the preferred choice if read/write access time, power consumption and dimensions are the key requirements of the application. Cost and endurance are instead the reasons why traditional Hard Disks still survive in specific areas. The chapter starts with an historical evolution of the Hard Disk and moves then on its main features and parameters. Interface communication protocol is presented in more detail, being it inherited as it is by the SSDs. A glance on the Internal SSD HW and FW architecture is given with a particular focus on FTL (Flash Translation Layer) which assumes the use of NAND flash as NVM memory. Finally a brief analysis of market-segment coverage possibilities of SSD is presented.
Transforming neighborhoods: Explaining effectiveness in community-based development organizations

ABSTRACTCommunity-based nonprofits have been recognized by funders and policymakers as a vital component in the revitalization process in distressed neighborhoods. Though research on the effectiveness of these organizations has expanded in recent years, very little is yet known about what internal management characteristics and conditions in their local environments contribute to their performance. This article seeks to address this gap in the literature. Using survey data from 122 NeighborWorks nonprofit organizations in the United States, this article examines what internal management factors and external environmental factors influence the effectiveness of community-based nonprofits. The findings from an ordinary least squares regression model suggest that performance indicators, political capacity, board governance, and organizational age are important predictors of community-based nonprofit effectiveness.
Screening and management of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary hypertension (SSc-PH) and pulmonary arterial (PA) hypertension (SSc-PAH) are well-recognized manifestations. SSc-PH is a hemodynamic observation, and it is important to identify underlying etiology. SSc patients commonly have mixed etiology for SSc-PH due to interstitial lung disease, PAH, and left heart disease. SSc-PAH is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early detection of PAH through routine screening improves survival in patients with SSc. Right heart catheterization is mandatory to diagnose PAH. SSc-PAH patients should be managed by a multidisciplinary team comprising of rheumatologist, pulmonologist, cardiologist, and physiotherapist. Various pharmacotherapy options to treat SSc-PAH are derived from the idiopathic PAH management. Upfront or sequential combination therapy of PAH-specific drugs seems to confer a clinical benefit compared to monotherapy. Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation should be considered as a part of the management plan. Lung transplantation is a consideration in patients who are not responding to pharmacotherapy. Although the long-term prognosis of SSc-PAH has been historically poor, the landscape is gradually changing with early detection and institution of treatment.
Culture as a Pathway to Maximizing the Stress-Buffering Role of Social Support:

We theorized that sociocultural contexts characterized by a form of interdependence that emphasizes mutual obligations, emotional positivity, and readily accessible social support from family may m...
Studies of Spin Excitations Using Polarized Protons

The energy dependence of 28Si(p,p’) has beea studied using polarized proton beams at energies between 80 and 180 MeV. Differential cross sections and analyzing powers have been determined for elastic scattering and for inelastic excitation of the following states: 6-, T=1 (14.35 MeV), 6-, T=0 (11.58 MeV), and 5-, T=0 (9.70 MeV). The results are compared with distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations using the Love-Franey t-matrix and an earlier effective interaction. Rather good agreement is found with the DWIA description of these transitions. Some refinements to the standard model are discussed.
Internationalizing General Education from Within: Raising the Visibility of Heritage Language Students in the Classroom

This article analyzes the findings of a pilot project conducted in 2008–2009 as a partnership between University Studies, Portland State University’s interdisciplinary general education program, and the University’s Russian Flagship Language Partner Program. The project proposes a new approach of integrating non-English speakers’ language skills, culture, and life experiences into classroom activities of general education courses. By engaging the students as facilitators in the exploration of their own cultures and languages, the project offers a model of enriching collaborative student teaching and learning that could be applied to various interdisciplinary courses.
Some Uniqueness Theorems for Exterior Boundary Value Problems

The existence of non-trivial solutions of $$ \begin{gathered} \Delta u + f\left( u \right) = 0\;in\;{\mathbb{R}^n} \hfill \\ u(x)\; \to \;0\;as\;\left| x \right|\; \to \;\infty \hfill \\\end{gathered} $$ (1) has been studied by many authors [1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 13]. In particular, Berestycki and Lions [2] prove the existence of a positive radial solution and of infinitely many (radial) solutions, while Jones and Kupper [7] prove the existence of a radial solution with any prescribed number of zeros. The conditions they impose on f are stronger than those of [2], but their result does cover the model case of \( f(u)\; = \; - u\; + \;{u^p},\;1\; < p < \frac{n}{{n - 2}}\).
Making Changes Happen in Terra Incognita

I picked up my New York Times on April 20, 2012 and read that Levon Helm had died. I quietly turned to the obituary page and as I read what was written about this man, memories flooded back to me. The drinking age was twenty-one so we had to sneak in the back door off Yonge Street, Toronto’s main drag. It was a seedy section of the street below Bloor then, lined with strip joints and bars, and because of this it was one of places where you could go and hear exciting music in the early sixties. I was there with my friend, John. The two of us were freshly admitted undergraduate students at the University of Waterloo and anxious to make early marks in life. So we became concert promoters. This was a short career because even then concerts were presented by organized thugs and there was no room for amateurs like us.
A consensus-based distributed trajectory control in a signal-free intersection

Abstract This paper develops a distributed cooperative control logic to determine conflict-free trajectories for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) in signal-free intersections. The cooperative trajectory planning problem is formulated as vehicle-level mixed-integer non-linear programs (MINLPs) that aim to minimize travel time of each vehicle and their speed variations, while avoiding near-crash conditions. To push vehicle-level solutions towards global optimality, we develop a coordination scheme between CAVs on conflicting movements. The coordination scheme shares vehicle states (i.e., location) over a prediction horizon and incorporates such information in CAVs’ respective MINLPs. Therefore, the CAVs will reach consensus through an iterative process and select conflict-free trajectories that minimize their travel time. The numerical experiments quantify the effects of the proposed methodology on traffic safety and performance measures in an intersection. The results show that the proposed distributed coordinated framework converges to near-optimal CAV trajectories with no conflicts in the intersection neighborhood. While the solutions are found in real-time, the comparison to a central intersection control logic for CAVs indicates a maximum marginal objective value of 2.30%. Furthermore, the maximum marginal travel time, throughput, and average speed do not exceed 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.5%, respectively. The proposed control logic reduced travel time by 43.0–70.5%, and increased throughput and average speed respectively by 0.8–115.6% and 59.1–400.0% compared to an optimized actuated signal control, while eliminating all near-crash conditions.
Numerical solution of the equations of motion for flow around objects in channels at low reynolds numbers

This paper describes the numerical integration of derived equations of motion for flow past an infinite set of parallel flat plates placed perpendicular to and between two infinite parallel planes. If the distance between the plates is greater than two channel depths, the problem can be reduced to two dimensions by assuming that the two major velocity components are parabolic in the channel depth direction. The solution of the derived equations has been compared with experimental data for Stokes flow and reasonable agreement was obtained. At Reynolds numbers greater than 10, the stability of the numerical method becomes increasingly troublesome and convergence of the numerical solution is very slow.
Mendel and Darwin: untangling a persistent enigma.

Mendel and Darwin were contemporaries, with much overlap in their scientifically productive years. Available evidence shows that Mendel knew much about Darwin, whereas Darwin knew nothing of Mendel. Because of the fragmentary nature of this evidence, published inferences regarding Mendel's views on Darwinian evolution are contradictory and enigmatic, with claims ranging from enthusiastic acceptance to outright rejection. The objective of this review is to examine evidence from Mendel's published and private writings on evolution and Darwin, and the influence of the scientific environment in which he was immersed. Much of this evidence lies in Mendel's handwritten annotations in his copies of Darwin's books, which this review scrutinises in detail. Darwin's writings directly influenced Mendel's classic 1866 paper, and his letters to Nageli. He commended and criticised Darwin on specific issues pertinent to his research, including the provisional hypothesis of pangenesis, the role of pollen in fertilisation, and the influence of "conditions of life" on heritable variation. In his final letter to Nageli, Mendel proposed a Darwinian scenario for natural selection using the same German term for "struggle for existence" as in his copies of Darwin's books. His published and private scientific writings are entirely objective, devoid of polemics or religious allusions, and address evolutionary questions in a manner consistent with that of his scientific contemporaries. The image that emerges of Mendel is of a meticulous scientist who accepted the tenets of Darwinian evolution, while privately pinpointing aspects of Darwin's views of inheritance that were not supported by Mendel's own experiments.
NARROW COMPLEX TACHYCARDIA IS NOT ALWAYS SUPRAVENTRICULAR

Narrow complex tachycardia (NCT) represents rapid, synchronous, biventricular activation that is only achieved by conduction over an intact His-Purkinje system. Not all NCT is supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). An 87 year old man with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and coronary artery disease
Non-random sampling leads to biased estimates of transcriptome association.

Integration of independent data resources across -omics platforms offers transformative opportunity for novel clinical and biological discoveries. However, application of emerging analytic methods in the context of selection bias represents a noteworthy and pervasive challenge. We hypothesize that combining differentially selected samples for integrated transcriptome analysis will lead to bias in the estimated association between predicted expression and the trait. Our results are based on in silico investigations and a case example focused on body mass index across four well-described cohorts apparently derived from markedly different populations. Our findings suggest that integrative analysis can lead to substantial relative bias in the estimate of association between predicted expression and the trait. The average estimate of association ranged from 51.3% less than to 96.7% greater than the true value for the biased sampling scenarios considered, while the average error was − 2.7% for the unbiased scenario. The corresponding 95% confidence interval coverage rate ranged from 46.4% to 69.5% under biased sampling, and was equal to 75% for the unbiased scenario. Inverse probability weighting with observed and estimated weights is applied as one corrective measure and appears to reduce the bias and improve coverage. These results highlight a critical need to address selection bias in integrative analysis and to use caution in interpreting findings in the presence of different sampling mechanisms between groups.
3 – Reservoir Deliverability

Publisher Summary Reservoir deliverability is defined as the oil or gas production rate achievable from reservoir at a given bottom-hole pressure. It is a major factor affecting well deliverability. Reservoir deliverability determines types of completion and artificial lift methods to be used. This chapter presents and illustrates various mathematical models for estimating deliverability of oil and gas reservoirs. Production engineers should make selections of the models based on the best estimate of his/her reservoir conditions, that is, flow regime and pressure level. The selected models should be validated with actual well production rate and bottom-hole pressure. At least one test point is required to validate a straight-line (single-liquid flow) inflow performance relationship (IPR) model. At least two test points are required to validate a curvic (single-gas flow or two-phase flow) IPR model.
Fast Robust Subspace Tracking via PCA in Sparse Data-Dependent Noise

This work studies the robust subspace tracking (ST) problem. Robust ST can be simply understood as a (slow) time-varying subspace extension of robust PCA. It assumes that the true data lies in a low-dimensional subspace that is either fixed or changes slowly with time. The goal is to track the changing subspaces over time in the presence of additive sparse outliers and to do this quickly (with a short delay). We introduce a “fast” mini-batch robust ST solution that is provably correct under mild assumptions. Here “fast” means two things: (i) the subspace changes can be detected and the subspaces can be tracked with near-optimal delay, and (ii) the time complexity of doing this is the same as that of simple (non-robust) PCA. Our main result assumes piecewise constant subspaces (needed for identifiability), but we also provide a corollary for the case when there is a little change at each time. A second contribution is a novel non-asymptotic guarantee for PCA in linearly data-dependent noise. An important setting where this is useful is for linearly data dependent noise that is sparse with support that changes enough over time. The analysis of the subspace update step of our proposed robust ST solution uses this result.
Anterior Shoulder Instability in the Throwing Athlete

Throwers, particularly baseball players, are dependent on a delicate balance of shoulder mobility and stability to excel at their sport. Disruptions to this balance can lead to a number of different types of anterior shoulder instability: microinstability, acute atraumatic instability and traumatic instability. Pathologic microinstability can develop over time in a pitcher, as repetative throwing (ie extreme external rotation in abduction) causes stretch to the joint capsule anteriorly and impingement posteriorly. The resultant anterior or posterior shoulder pain can affect pitch velocity and control. Over time, the anterior capsule and ligaments can also become attenuated. They can tear abruptly during routine pitching, resulting in acute atraumatic instability. While microinstability and acute atraumatic instability typically occur in pitchers, position players are at a higher risk of traumatic shoulder instability. Diving for a ball or sliding into a base with an arm outstretched can cause the shoulder to sublux or frankly dislocate. These traumatic instability events often lead to injury of the anterior labrum and can result in recurrent instability. Treatment of instability in these throwing athletes includes physical therapy to restore the strength and coordination of the periscapular muscles, rotator cuff, deltoid and biceps. When nonoperative treatments fail, a number of arthroscopic and open procedures are available, with the type of procedure depending on the type of instability. While these techniques can adequately restore stability to the shoulder and many throwers do return to play, throwers do so at lower rates and often at lower levels than athletes of other sports.
Evaluation of Body Fat Prediction Equations from a Portable A-Mode Ultrasound Compared to Air Displacement Plethysmography

BodyMetrix BX2000 A-mode ultrasound software offers nine options for estimating body fat percentage (%BF) from fat thickness measurements. These formulas were evaluated against %BF estimated from a...
There is more than one way to reach type 2 diabetes

The molecular pathophysiology of diabetes in pancreatic islets remains largely a poorly understood ‘black box’ because of the inaccessibility of pancreatic tissue from living humans for molecular analysis. Wigger et al. now explore the transcriptional and proteomic profiles of pancreatic islet sections from people whose glucose tolerance was defined before pancreatic surgery during which a small portion of their pancreata became available for study.
The Legacy of 1812: How a Little War Shaped the Transatlantic World

The War of 1812 may have been a small and inconclusive war, but it had a profound and lasting impact of all the belligerents. The war may be largely forgotten, but it left a huge legacy that is still evident today. Wars can best be measured by their consequences, and the legacy of this war was both multifaceted and lasting. The conflict shaped both the United States and Canada as well as their relationship with Great Britain for nearly a century thereafter. It helps to explain how the Anglo-American alliance originated and why the British welcomed the Pax Americana in the twentieth century, as well as why Canada never joined the American Union and why American expansion after 1815 aimed south and west rather than north. It was during the War of 1812 that the great Shawnee leader Tecumseh earned his reputation, Laura Secord became famous, and Andrew Jackson began his rise to the presidency. Its impact on American culture was also far reaching and produced ‘The Star-Spangled Banner’, Uncle Sam and ‘Old Ironsides’, amongst other symbols of United States nationhood.
Symmetric Reconfigurable Ferroelectric Transistor for Non-Volatile Memories to Diminish the Effects of Gate Leakage

Reconfigurable ferroelectric transistor (R-FEFET) is a variant of a ferroelectric transistor (FEFET), which utilizes two asymmetrically sized gate stacks to achieve voltage-controlled modulation in hysteresis and dynamic reconfigurability between volatile and non-volatile modes. However, due to a floating internal metal layer (IML), gate leakage (GL) can lead to a polarization-dependent shift in device characteristics over time. This degrades read disturb margins (RDM) and the non-volatile memory (NVM) robustness. In this work, we propose an R-FEFET with symmetric gate stacks to diminish the adverse effects of GL on NVM operation. Utilizing our new R-FEFET, we propose a two-transistor NVM (2T-R), which exhibits up to 12% higher energy efficiency, $3\times $ increase in the RDM, and 14% lower area compared to an existing R-FEFET NVM. We also perform variation analysis showing a robust operation of the symmetric R-FEFET NVM.
Are English-language online patient education materials related to breast cancer risk assessment understandable, readable, and actionable?

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the readability, understandability, and actionability of online patient education materials (OPEM) related to breast cancer risk assessment. Material and methods We queried seven English-language search terms related to breast cancer risk assessment: breast cancer high-risk, breast cancer risk factors, breast cancer family history, BRCA, breast cancer risk assessment, Tyrer-Cuzick, and Gail model. Websites were categorized as: academic/hospital-based, commercial, government, non-profit or academic based on the organization hosting the site. Grade-level readability of qualifying websites and categories was determined using readability metrics and generalized estimating equations based on written content only. Readability scores were compared to the recommended parameters set by the American Medical Association (AMA). Understandability and actionability of OPEM related to breast cancer high-risk were evaluated using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) and compared to criteria set at ≥70%. Descriptive statistics and inter-rater reliability analysis were utilized. Results 343 websites were identified, of which 162 met study inclusion criteria. The average grade readability score was 12.1 across all websites (range 10.8–13.4). No website met the AMA recommendation. Commercial websites demonstrated the highest overall average readability of 13.1. Of the 26 websites related to the search term breast cancer high-risk, the average understandability and actionability scores were 62% and 34% respectively, both below criteria. Conclusions OPEM on breast cancer risk assessment available to the general public do not meet criteria for readability, understandability, or actionability. To ensure patient comprehension of medical information online, future information should be published in simpler, more appropriate terms.
Isokinetic Evaluation in Posterior Shoulder Subluxation

------------------. -----------------Isokinetic tests of seven patients presenting with symptomatic posterior shoulder subluxation were studied. Patients were tested over a velocity spectrum from. 100-400 deg/sec in two diagonal shoulder motions and internal/external rotation at 45 deg abduction. Torque curve abnormalities were seen from approximately 70-110 deg with the flexion/abduction/external rotation diagonal and 85 deg with the extension/adduction/internal rotation diagonal. These defects were present both while the patient was symptomatic and asymptomatic. In conclusion, posterior rotator cuff insufficiency at the specific position of torque suppression was responsible for the abnormal finding in flexion. Posterior labral tearing with an associated clunk test created the positive finding on the extension curve.
Managing Hospitalized Adults with Alcohol Dependence

Alcohol withdrawal is a common clinical condition with a variety of presentations, complications and morbidities. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), an estimated 17 million Americans, or one in every 12 adults, have an alcohol use disorder (AUD). An unanticipated hospital admission can precipitate alcohol withdrawal syndrome that can develop six hours after the cessation of alcohol. Early assessment of potential alcohol dependence, as well as symptoms of withdrawal and utilizing the CIWA tool, is important in identifying and managing this at risk population and reducing the potential incidence of complications. The purpose of this project was to develop and implement an educational program for nurses targeted at management of hospitalized adults with alcohol withdrawal through assessment skills and utilizing the CIWA protocol. The goal was to increase the nurses’ knowledge of assessing, monitoring and treating this patient population. A needs assessment was conducted and an online education program was developed based on a review of the literature and clinical experience. The project included a pre and post survey surrounding the education module, followed by a program evaluation. Results indicated higher scores on the post-survey suggesting an increase in nurses’ knowledge, awareness and skills related to managing AWS in hospitalized adults utilizing an online education program. The APRN is in the position to improve nursing practice through evidence-based best practice, an important element in improving patient outcomes and safety. Acknowledgements I have a great sense of pride and accomplishment when I reflect back on this endeavor to acquire a master degree in nursing. I am indebted to my many colleagues who supported me and without whom completion of this project wouldn’t have been possible. I would like to thank my first reader and mentor, Dr. Meg Mock for her patience, guidance and enthusiastic support throughout this process. I would like to acknowledge my second reader, Dr. Cynthia Padula for her expertise and guidance throughout this project, and my third reader, Stanley Goodman, NP for his assistance. I have to acknowledge the most important people in my life my husband, Michael and my children, Joshua, Ethan and Abby, for their love and support of my education Table of
Increasing Knowledge by Leaps and Bounds: Using Experiential Learning to Address Threshold Concepts

The discussion of threshold concepts is growing in the management education literature. These concepts create challenges for students and instructors since they act as barriers to learning. The reward for overcoming these obstacles is the opening of new ways of thinking that were not available before the student mastered the threshold concepts. We propose in this article that many students believe business education is “common sense” and do not understand that management is practice informed by theory. When students master the threshold concept concerning the “underlying game” of management, they begin to develop deeper and more meaningful understandings. From this perspective we demonstrate how we have used experiential exercises in an operations management class to facilitate active, social, and creative learning that exposes this threshold concept and moves the student through the preliminal, liminal, and postliminal stages of threshold concept mastery.
Adoptive transfer of immunity to Treponema pallidum Nichols infection in inbred strain 2 and C4D guinea pigs.

T lymphocytes purified from lymph nodes and spleens of chancre-immune, inbred strain 2 guinea pigs, when infused into syngeneic guinea pigs, conferred protection against challenge with Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum Nichols. No protection was conferred by similar injections of cell suspensions from normal guinea pigs or guinea pigs immunized with T. phagedenis biotype Reiter or T. pallidum-free testis supernatants from infected rabbits. Similar results were obtained with homozygous C4D guinea pigs. After several months of infection, 2 of 11 strain 2 and 1 of 8 strain C4D recipients of T. pallidum-immune cells developed an erythematous reaction of short duration at the injection site; 2 of these recipients were positive for T. pallidum. Throughout the experimental period the humoral response to treponemal antigens was substantially lower in the adoptively immune guinea pigs than in various unprotected control groups. Passive immunity to infection with T. pallidum, however, seems to be dose related, since asymptomatic infection persisted for as long as 3 months after challenge in strain 2 guinea pigs transfused with 10(8) T. pallidum-immune lymphocytes, but not in C4D recipients of twice as many immune cells. Images
Embodiment and Experience: The Existential Ground of Culture and Self/Body Thoughts

Embodiment and Experience: The Existential Ground of Culture and Self. Thomas J. Csordas. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994 (cloth and paper), xi. 294 pp. Body Thoughts. Andrew J. Strathern. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996. vii. 222 pp.
Determination of electric field threshold for electrofusion of erythrocyte ghosts. Comparison of pulse-first and contact-first protocols.

Rabbit erythrocyte ghosts were fused by means of electric pulses to determine the electrofusion thresholds for these membranes. Two protocols were used to investigate fusion events: contact-first, and pulse-first. Electrical capacitance discharge (CD) pulses were used to induce fusion. Plots of fusion yield vs peak field strength yielded curves that intersected the field strength axis at positive values (pseudothresholds) which depended on the protocol and decay half time of the pulses. It was found that plots of pseudothreshold vs reciprocal half time were linear for each protocol; when extrapolated to reciprocal half time = 0 (i.e., t----infinity), these lines intersected the ordinate at values of the field strength considered to be the true electrofusion thresholds. In this fashion, the contact-first protocol gave an electrofusion threshold of 46.5 +/- 11.5 V/mm for hemoglobin-free ghosts (white ghosts) and 40.9 +/- 8.8 V/mm for ghosts with fractional hemoglobin (pink ghosts), while the threshold for the pulse-first protocol applied to pink ghosts was determined to be 93.4 +/- 11.0 V/mm. Although the thresholds depended on the electrofusion protocol, plots of critical field strength vs reciprocal time had the same slopes, i.e., approximately 24 Vs/mm. The results suggest that the fusogenic state induced by an electric pulse in either the contact-first protocol or the pulse-first protocol (long-lived fusogenic state) may in fact share a common mechanism, if the two states are not actually identical.
Carboxyhemoglobin levels in banked blood.

To determine the prevalence of carboxyhemoglobin levels in banked blood exceeding Air Quality Standards (level of carboxyhemoglobin >1.5 percent), we analyzed banked blood for the level of carboxyhemoglobin from 101 randomly selected samples. Of 101 units of banked blood, 49 (49 percent) had carboxyhemoglobin levels greater than 1.5 percent, and 36 (36 percent) had levels of 2.0 percent or more. We suggest that it may be undesirable to use blood with increased carboxyhemoglobin content when multiple transfusions are necessary, particularly in patients with cardiac or pulmonary disease. Labeling banked blood for carboxyhemoglobin content would be useful in order to help avoid multiple or consecutive transfusions of blood with high levels of carboxyhemoglobin.