cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marijuana commercialization and adolescent substance treatment outcomes in Colorado.

Background and Objectives In Colorado, marijuana was legalized for medical use in 2000, commercialized in 2009, and approved for recreational purposes in 2012. Little is known about the association between recent policy changes and adolescent substance treatment outcomes measured by urine drug screens (UDS). This study addressed this research gap. Methods Participants were youth (N = 523) aged 11–19 years who were enrolled in an outpatient motivational interviewing (MI)/cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) plus contingency management (CM) in Denver, Colorado from October 2007 to June 2014. The measures included UDS collected during weekly treatment sessions and sent to a commercial laboratory for quantitative analysis of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)/Creatinine (Cr). Linear regression models and logistic regression models using a Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) approach for repeated measures were completed to answer the study aims. Results Males, but not females, had a marginally significant increasing trend over time in monthly average THC/Cr (β = 1.99, p = 0.046). There was a significant increasing trend over time (per 30 days) in the odds of having a negative UDS within 6 sessions (OR = 1.02, 95%CI = 1.003–1.04, p = 0.006). Conclusions and Scientific Significance Based on these data, substance treatment outcomes from MI and CBT are mixed, but overall treatment appears to remain effective in a state with legalized marijuana. (Am J Addict 2017;26:802–806)
ВЕктОРНыЕ WT-пРОстР АНс тВА МЕР

пО АНАлОгИИ сО слАБО Ч ЕБышЕВскИМИ пРОстРА НстВАМИ ФУНкцИИn-МЕРНОЕ ВЕкт ОРНОЕ пРОстРАНстВО МЕР M НАж ыВАЕтсь ВЕктОРНыМ WT-пРОстРАНстВОМ МЕР, Ес лИ кАжДАь МЕРА ΜeM ИМЕЕт НЕ БОлЕЕn−1 п ЕРЕМЕН жНАкА. ИМЕЕтсь тЕсНАь сВьжь МЕжДУ ВЕктОРНы МИ пРОстРАНстВАМИ МЕР И слАБО ЧЕБышЕВскИМИ пРОстРАНстВАМИ ФУНк цИИ. В стАтьЕ ДАЕтсь хА РАк тЕРИстИкА И УстАНАВл ИВАУтсь НЕкОтОРыЕ сВ ОИстВА ВЕктОРНых WT-пРОстРАНс тВ МЕР. Дль ДОкАжАтЕльстВА Их ВВ ОДьтсь сУЩЕстВЕННО В ЕРхНьь И НИжНьь гРАНИцы ФУНкц ИИ Дль ИжМЕРИМОИ ФУНкцИИ И ИжУЧАУтсь И х сВОИстВА.
Characterizing subcritical assemblies with time of flight fixed by energy estimation distributions

Abstract We present the Time of Flight Fixed by Energy Estimation (TOFFEE) as a measure of the fission chain dynamics in subcritical assemblies. TOFFEE is the time between correlated gamma rays and neutrons, subtracted by the estimated travel time of the incident neutron from its proton recoil. The measured subcritical assembly was the BeRP ball, a 4.482 kg sphere of α -phase weapons grade plutonium metal, which came in five configurations: bare, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 in iron, and 1 in nickel closed fitting shell reflectors. We extend the measurement with MCNPX-PoliMi simulations of shells ranging up to 6 inches in thickness, and two new reflector materials: aluminum and tungsten. We also simulated the BeRP ball with different masses ranging from 1 to 8 kg. A two-region and single-region point kinetics models were used to model the behavior of the positive side of the TOFFEE distribution from 0 to 100 ns. The single region model of the bare cases gave positive linear correlations between estimated and expected neutron decay constants and leakage multiplications. The two-region model provided a way to estimate neutron multiplication for the reflected cases, which correlated positively with expected multiplication, but the nature of the correlation (sub or superlinear) changed between material types. Finally, we found that the areal density of the reflector shells had a linear correlation with the integral of the two-region model fit. Therefore, we expect that with knowledge of reflector composition, one could determine the shell thickness, or vice versa. Furthermore, up to a certain amount and thickness of the reflector, the two-region model provides a way of distinguishing bare and reflected plutonium assemblies.
Densification, surface morphology, microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L fabricated by hybrid manufacturing

In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has been developed for industrial applications due to its superior performance, such as in building complex parts, which are especially difficult to build when using traditional methods. However, the surface quality, and dimensional and geometric accuracies of AM parts do not exceed conventionally machined parts, which hinders the AM applications. To overcome these limitations, hybrid manufacturing (HM) technology, which combines AM and subtractive manufacturing (SM) technologies in a single workstation has received a great deal of attention in academic and industrial circles to enhance material utilization, part complexity and quality control when producing functional parts. In this paper, we present research achievements using ANSI 316L stainless steel parts via the HM process and analysis of its surface morphology and microstructural characteristics, densification behaviour and mechanical properties. Specimens before and after heat treatment were analysed and compared. The study also dealt with material characterization via the Archimedes method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray polycrystalline diffractometer (XRD) and tensile measurements. This study provides a valuable guide to determining the effectiveness of the HM process and its use when producing engineering parts.
Intent to Refer: Exploring Bias Toward Specific Medication-Assisted Treatments by Community Corrections Employees

Background: As opioid use increases in the United States, especially in the correctional population, the most effective treatment approaches need to be utilized. Research has shown that medication-...
Managing Product Variety

Cannondale, a producer of premium mountain bikes, offers 22 models ranging in price from $500 to $3000. VooDoo, a competitor, offers 672. Each mountain bike from National is offered in 104 different colors. A bike from Specialized is offered in only one. Why are the variety practices of these four companies so different? Given differences in their product lines, are the companies’ operations also dramatically different? Can such diverse strategies coexist in the marketplace? Using field data from four companies in the mountain bicycle industry—Cannondale, Specialized, VooDoo, and National—we identify and analyze managerial decisions relating to product variety. We assert that successful firms must make coherent decisions in six strategic areas: (1) the dimensions of variety offered to the market, (2) the nature of the customer interface and distribution channel, (3) the degree of vertical integration, (4) the process technology, (5) the location of the decouple point in the supply chain, and (6) the product architecture. Many of the differences among these companies arise from different sets of decisions, perhaps equally coherent, in these six areas.
Chinese Model Cities and Cancer Villages: Where Environmental Policy Is Social Policy

This chapter examines the development of environmental model cities and the occurrence of cancer villages in China. Case studies demonstrate the possible relationship between them through intracity, intercity, and intra-province pollution transfers. China’s environmental policy to create model cities causes pollution transfer which improves environment in some communities at the expenses of others. The social–economic policy adopted by less developed communities to recruit the polluting factories leads to environmental degradation and cancer villages. The lessons are that environmental policies have social consequences, and social–economic policies cause environmental impacts. Environmental and social policies must be integrated to achieve environmental protection, social justice, and economic security.
Semantic resolution for horn sets

A new resolution strategy for Horn sets of clauses, each clause of which contains no more than one positive literal, Is presented which requires that in each resolution either one ancestor be a false positive unit or that one ancestor and the resolvent both be false. This strategy emphasizes "relevant" positive units while controlling the explosive non-unit resolution. Some properties of interpretations for Horn sets are reviewed and used to significantly reduce the computation and storage required to Implement semantic resolution for Horn sets. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation and Argonne National Laboratory.
Generalized Expected Utility and the Demand for Insurance

Under certain circumstances, every smooth functional admits a ‘Taylor series’ expansion in polynomials which, as we raise the order of the polynomial, provides successively more accurate approximations to the value of the functional in a neighborhood of some point in function space.
Organically Modified Ceramics by the Sol-Gel Method

Numerous ceramics have now been prepared from liquid solutions at room temperature with the use of metal-organic precursors via the sol-gel method. If organic compounds such as dyes and polymers are added to the liquid solutions, two types of organically modified ceramics can be prepared. Type one is simply a fine mixture of the organic and inorganic components. Type two involves chemical bonding between the two components. A third type can be made by the impregnation of organics into the continuous pores of a porous inorganic gel. Organically modified ceramics based on these three approaches have unique properties and microstructures. Some can exhibit rubbery behavior even when the ceramic oxide content is 80%. Some can be very much harder than organic plastics and yet retain optical transparency. Some are excellent matrices for organic and inorganic nonlinear optical materials. Many sensors have been fabricated as well as ultrafilters. Scientifically and technologically, the organically modified ceramics constitute a new and exciting class of materials for the future. The present status of these new materials and their potentials will be critically reviewed.
Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: a Safe and Effective Treatment Option in our Elderly Patients

Treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can present a surgical dilemma for elderly patients, especially in those with multiple comorbidities. The purpose of this paper is to review recent publications on this topic and highlight the benefits of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in such patients. HoLEP is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with BPH of any age with any prostate size. It is superior to many other BPH treatment options. It can be safely completed in those on anticoagulants, in the re-treatment setting for recurrent symptoms, in those with concurrent prostate cancer, and in patients with various types of bladder dysfunction. HoLEP is a safe and effective treatment option for elderly patients with BPH.
Actin' between phase separated domains for heterochromatin repair.

Abstract DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are particularly challenging to repair in pericentromeric heterochromatin because of the increased risk of aberrant recombination in highly repetitive sequences. Recent studies have identified specialized mechanisms enabling ‘safe’ homologous recombination (HR) repair in heterochromatin. These include striking nuclear actin filaments (F-actin) and myosins that drive the directed motion of repair sites to the nuclear periphery for ‘safe' repair. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms involved, and propose how they might operate in the context of a phase-separated environment.
Small–City Dualism in the Metro Hinterland: The Racialized “Brooklynization” of New York's Hudson Valley:

How does the metropolis influence population change and amenity development in small cities of the adjacent hinterland? We examine one scenario in five cities of New York state's Hudson Valley, a r...
EP1339 Resection of enlarged retrocaval lymph nodes in a patient undergoing surgery for recurrent ovarian cancer

Introduction/Background To demonstrate the technique of resection of enlarged retrocaval lymph nodes in a patient undergoing cytoreductive surgery for recurrent ovarian cancer. Methodology A 70-year-old patient undergoing follow up for previously treated stage IIIA1 serous carcinoma of the ovary was found to have enlarged retrocaval lymph nodes extending from the level of right common iliac vein to the level of the right renal artery. A PET-CT scan showed no evidence of peritoneal or extra-abdominal disease. Results The patient underwent a midline laparotomy. Exploration of the abdomen showed no evidence of peritoneal disease. Ascending colon and mesentery of the small bowel was mobilised. The second and third part of the duodenum was mobilised and inferior vena cava (IVC) was exposed. Renal veins were identified and exposed bilaterally. Right renal artery and ureter were identified and mobilised. IVC was mobilised from the anterior surface of the tumour from the level of the right common iliac artery to the level of the right renal artery and the aorta. Lumbar veins were identified and ligated. Tumour was mobilised from the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and removed using bipolar diathermy. Complete tumour resection was achieved. Postoperative recovery was uncomplicated and the patient was discharged home after 5 days. Histological examination of the retrocaval lymph nodes showed metastatic high grade serous carcinoma. Conclusion Resection of enlarged retrocaval lymph nodes is feasible. Careful consideration of the relevant surgical anatomy is required and steps should be in place to deal with complications if necessary. Disclosure Nothing to disclose
Model and Computation of Digital Projections

The parallel projection of a function f(x,y)for a given angle θ is given by: $${P_\theta }(t) = \int\limits_{L(\theta ,t)} {f(x,y)} ds $$ (2.1) where L(θ, t)is a line at an angle θ with the y-axis and a distance t from the origin. Note that in terms of x and y, t = x cosθ + y sinθ. The two-dimensional function P θ (t) is also the definition of the Radon transform of f(x,y) [Helg80]. If we want to generate “digital” projection data, i.e., discrete projection data from a digital image I, we must consider a digital approximation to the Radon transform. We use the following: $${P_\theta }(t) \cong \sum\limits_{({x_s},{y_s})\; \in \;{L_d}(\theta ,t)} {\;\;f({x_s},{y_s})} {\Delta _s} $$ (2.2) where we are given samples f(x s ,y s ) on a rectangular grid, As is the Euclidean distance between (x s , y s ) and (x s-1 , y s-2 ), and L d (θ, t) is a digital approximation to the line L(θ,t). We consider the N × N digital image I to be defined by I(i,j)= f(jδ, iδ), where δ is the sampling distance between pixels in the x- and y-directions, and i and j are the integers 0,1,2,…, N − 1.
Maximum determinant and permanent of sparse 0-1 matrices

We prove that the maximum determinant of an $n \times n $ matrix, with entries in $\{0,1\}$ and at most $n+k$ non-zero entries, is at most $2^{k/3}$, which is best possible when $k$ is a multiple of 3. This result solves a conjecture of Bruhn and Rautenbach. We also obtain an upper bound on the number of perfect matchings in $C_4$-free bipartite graphs based on the number of edges, which, in the sparse case, improves on the classical Bregman's inequality for permanents. This bound is tight, as equality is achieved by the graph formed by vertex disjoint union of 6-vertex cycles.
Mammies, Brute Negroes, and White Femininity in Teacher Education.

In this article, we examine two stories about white femininity. The first, written by Danielle, was an assignment in a pre-service teacher education course. The second story is of the fictional Lil...
Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording Dependence on Reader for Conventional and Shingled Magnetic Recording

Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) is the next generation hard disk drive technology which enables continued and significant areal density growth [1]. As the track pitch continues to scale down, the HAMR reader must continue to scale. The scalability of the current reader technology is greatly challenged at high track densities [2]–[3]. With significant growth in areal density, the reader width must reduce with high signal to noise ratio (SNR) to avoid side reading from adjacent tracks. Typically, there is a tradeoff between reader width and SNR [4]–[5]. For HAMR areal density to continue to scale, innovations to enable reader width reduction without SNR degradation are necessary. Traditional reader head media spacing (HMS) reduction and reader width scaling may not be enough to improve the reader resolution for high track pitches. In this paper, we compare the areal density capability (ADC) of HAMR Conventional Magnetic Recording (CMR) and HAMR Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) at various reader clearances with integrated HAMR readers and cross tested (CT) narrow high SNR readers.
Latinx COVID-19 outcomes: Expanding the role of representative bureaucracy

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected many already marginalized groups, including the Latinx population in the United States. While preexisting inequities have amplified the negativ...
Cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders of movement and posture resulting from non-progressive disturbances of the fetal or neonatal brain. More than 80% of cases of CP in term infants originate in the prenatal period; in premature infants, both prenatal or postnatal causes contribute. The most prevalent pathological lesion seen in CP is periventricular white matter injury (PWMI) resulting from vulnerability of the immature oligodendrocytes (pre-OLs) before 32 wk of gestation. PWMI is responsible for the spastic diplegia form of CP and a spectrum of cognitive and behavioral disorders. Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity resulting from excessive stimulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors on preOLs are the most prominent molecular mechanisms for PWMI. Asphyxia around the time of birth in term infants accounts for less than 15% of CP in developed countries but the incidence is higher in underdeveloped areas Asphyxia causes a different pattern of brain injury and CP than is seen after preterm injuries. This type of CP is associated with the clinical syndrome of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy shortly after the insult, and the cortex, basal ganglia, and brainstem are selectively vulnerable to injury. Experimental models indicate that neurons in the neonatal brain are more likely to die by delayed apoptosis extending over days to weeks than those in the adult brain. Neurons die by glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity involving downstream caspase-dependent and caspase-independent cell death pathways. Recent reports indicate that males and females preferentially utilize different pathways. Clinical trials indicate that mild hypothermia reduces death or disability in term infants following asphyxia and basic research suggests that this approach might be combined with pharmacological strategies in the future.
Using learning management systems to teach paperless courses: best practices for creating accreditation review record archives

Modern learning management systems like Blackboard, WebCT, and others offer a wide range of capabilities that enable an instructor to deliver a course in a completely paperless manner. These methods are useful for hybrid face to face course delivery as well as distance learning. This not only simplifies the day to day overhead of course record keeping but also results in a complete digital archive of course materials that can then be used for accreditation purposes. This paper discusses several facets of offering paperless courses using a learning management system, including best practice for organizing archival records of course assignments and evaluations as well as some pedagogical benefits of using the learning management capabilities. Accreditation organizations like ABET require a significant amount of documentation be kept to support the accreditation review process and the paperless course approach can be used to assemble the required accreditation material with little additional overhead.
A multiuser performance analysis of alternative declustering strategies

An analysis is made of the impact of three alternative declustering strategies on the performance of the selection queries using different storage/access structures in a multiuser environment. The authors quantify the tradeoffs of each organization in the context of the Gamma database machine. The response time and throughput of the system are used as the performance metric for evaluating the alternative declustering strategies. >
The influence of department policy and accountability on officer-involved collisions

Purpose – Little is known regarding the impact of organizational policies and practices on police officers’ driving behaviors. To address an important gap in the empirical literature, this study examined how perceived likelihood of discipline for violations of agency driving policies impacted officer-involved vehicle collisions. Design/methodology/approach – Surveys were distributed to patrol officers and their supervisors in eight California law enforcement agencies. The surveys elicited information regarding the perceived likelihood of discipline for violations of agency driving policies regarding cell phone use, text messaging, seatbelt use, speeding, and vehicle operations during emergency and pursuit situations. Findings – The findings demonstrated a significant impact of perceived likelihood of enforcement for some but not all agency driving policies on officer-involved vehicle collisions. Research limitations/implications – This study was limited to self-reported data from patrol officers and their...
Narrowing of the upwelling branch of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation and Hadley cell in chemistry‐climate model simulations of the 21st century

Changes in the width of the upwelling branch of the Brewer-Dobson circulation and Hadley cell in the 21st Century are investigated using simulations from a coupled chemistry-climate model. In these model simulations the tropical upwelling region narrows in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. The narrowing of the Brewer-Dobson circulation is caused by an equatorward shift of Rossby wave critical latitudes and Eliassen-Palm flux convergence in the subtropical lower stratosphere. In the troposphere, the model projects an expansion of the Hadley cell's poleward boundary, but a narrowing of the Hadley rising branch. Model results suggest that the narrowing of the Hadley cell ascent is also eddy-driven.
Civil Libertarianism-Communitarianism: A State Policy Ideology Dimension

This paper investigates the existence of a second dimension of state policy ideology orthogonal to the traditional left-right dimension: civil libertarianism-communitarianism. It argues that voter attitudes toward nonviolent acts that are sometimes crimes, particularly weapons and drugs offenses, are in part distinct from their liberal or conservative ideologies, and cause systematic variation in states' policies toward these acts. The hypotheses are tested with a structural equation model of state policies that combines "confirmatory factor analysis'' with linear regression. The existence of a second dimension of state policy essentially uncorrelated with left-right ideology and loading onto gun control, marijuana, and other criminal justice policies is confirmed. Moreover, this dimension of policy ideology relates in the expected fashion to urbanization and the strength of ideological libertarianism in the state electorate. The results suggest that the libertarian-communitarian divide represents an enduring dimension of policy-making in the United States.
Intracellular sodium flux and high-energy phosphorus metabolites in ischemic skeletal muscle

We have employed concurrent 31P- and 23Na-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in conjunction with the paramagnetic shift reagents dysprosium-chelated tripolyphosphate and triethylenetetramine-hexa-acetic acid to observe the intracellular sodium and phosphorus signals in rat leg muscle. With induced ischemia in the leg, we find slowly falling phosphorylation potential. At a critical value of, associated with energetic failure of the Na+-K+ antiport, the intracellular sodium signal begins to increase. We find the following critical values: log, 3.12 +/- 0.32; pH, 6.86 +/- 0.13; Na+ influx with and without ouabain, 5.1 +/- 4.3 and 4.0 +/- 1.3 mol.l-1.h-1, respectively.
Maurrassians, the Comte de Paris, and the Fourth Republic 1950–1958

There was, properly speaking, no royalist movement in France under the Fourth Republic. The postwar flurry of royalist activity had died down by the time the Comte de Paris returned to France. Left to their own resources after 1947 when he had decided to abandon partisan propaganda, the some 200,000 royalists of the land represented loosely organized and varied shades of monarchist sentiment.1 While the absence of statistical information makes it impossible to give definite estimates, they may be roughly grouped into four categories.
SEX, BIRTH ORDER, AND MATERNAL AGE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFANTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS

The records of the New England Regional Infant Cardiac Program, a service program covering all of New England, provide a useful source of information about the characteristics of children born with congenital heart defects. Data were analyzed on more than 2000 children born in New England who were diagnosed with a congenital heart defect before the first birthday. Children with arterio-venous fistula, aortic stenosis, transposition of the great arteries or hypoplastic left ventricle were predominantly male; children with persistent ductus arteriosus and endocardial cushion defect were predominantly female. Positive trends in risk with increasing birth order were present for pulmonic stenosis and transposition of the great arteries, and a negative trend was seen for persistent ductus arteriosus. What evidence there was for associations with maternal age was greatly reduced after controlling for confounding by birth order.
Practices of irregular sampling

Based on a frame theoretical formulation of irregular sampling, conditions on sampling points are derive. Our formulation and sampling conditions are applicable to all subspaces (e.g. shift invariant, Gabor, bandlimited and bandpass subspaces). A focus is paid to the implementation of the algorithm in general. The method starts from constructing a pair of frame for a selected subspace, with which a sequence of sampling functions is fabricated based on a set of given irregular sampling points. The (irregular) sampling reconstruction is implemented through a frame-based iterative algorithm, which is guaranteed to converge. A matlab package with a graphic user interface will be provided for users to view demos as well as try their own sampling reconstruction problem. Users are also allowed to construct their own subspaces. Parameters, sampling points and signals may all be entered by users. The program will automatically check for the fulfillment of the sampling conditions and provide a reconstruction of the signal. We believe that this is a useful tool for studies and practices of irregular samplings.
An opioid basis for early-phase isoflurane-induced hypotension in rats.

This study was conducted to more clearly delineate the possible role of endogenous opioid receptors and opioid peptides in general anesthesia-associated hypotension in rats. Exposure to 2% isoflurane in oxygen produced a triphasic change in mean arterial pressure (MAP), including an early phase in which MAP fell by -28.4 +/- 2.2%. The magnitude of this early-phase hypotension was attenuated in rats pretreated with intravenous (i.v.) mu-subtype-selective doses of either naloxone or methylnaloxone but not central doses of the selective mu-opioid antagonist beta-funaltrexamine. This early hypotensive phase was also reduced following i.v. pretreatment with antiserum against methionine-enkephalin but not beta-endorphin. These findings suggest that early-phase isoflurane-induced hypotension may be due to activation of peripheral mu-opioid receptors by an endogenous opioid peptide, possibly related to methionine-enkephalin.
Porocarcinoma of the Eyelid

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to describe the clinical and histopathologic findings in a patient with porocarcinoma of the eyelid. Methods: The case of a 68-year-old woman with a nodular lesion of the eyelid was studied, and the pertinent literature reviewed. Results: No previous description of porocarcinoma of the eyelid was found in the literature. The present case presented with a nodular lesion of the right lower eyelid of 1-year duration. The tumor was completely excised. Microscopic study revealed ductal structures within lobules of tumor cells. Conclusions: Porocarcinoma is a rare cutaneous adnexal tumor arising from the eccrine secretory apparatus. Because the clinical behavior of this cancer includes deep invasion, regional lymphatic spread, and distant metastases, complete surgical excision is recommended, and should be verified by either conventional frozen sections or Mohs' micrographic sections.
You Don't Need a Weatherman to Know Which Way the Wind Blows

(1999). You Don't Need a Weatherman to Know Which Way the Wind Blows. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 106, No. 10, pp. 915-918.
Evaluation of the changes in paper structure by the laboratory wet pressing conditions

Abstract The effects of the laboratory wet pressing conditions on the structural parameters of paper were investigated systematically. Especially, the local variation of apparent density was evaluated by applying the twin laser profilometer (TLP) and the storage phosphor β-radiographic imaging system. The results showed that the densification by wet pressing was distributed across the entire sample area. The relationship between the wet pressing densification and the dryness (water removal by the wet pressing) was found to be different depending on the felt fabric, which indicated the higher dryness without increased densification could be possible by choosing proper fabric condition. The effects of the fabric type on the surface structure were also investigated.
Symbiotic N2 fixation of Alnus incana ssp. rugosa in shrub wetlands of the Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA.

Surface waters in forested watersheds in the Adirondack Mountains and northern New York State are susceptible to nitrogen (N) saturation. Atmospheric deposition of N to watersheds in this region has been measured but the extent of internal N inputs from symbiotic N2 fixation in alder-dominated wetlands is not known. We estimated N2 fixation by speckled alder in these wetlands by the 15N natural abundance method and by acetylene reduction using a flow-through system. Foliar N derived from fixation (%Ndfa) was estimated for five wetlands. The δ15N of speckled alder foliage from four of the five sites did not differ significantly (P≤0.05) from that of nodulated speckled alders grown in N-free water culture (–1.2±0.1‰). Estimates from the 15N natural abundance method indicated that alders at these sites derive 85–100% of their foliar N from N2 fixation. At one of the sites, we also measured biomass and N content and estimated that the alder foliage contained 43 kg N ha–1 of fixed N in 1997. This estimate was based on a foliar N content of 55.4±7 kg N ha–1 (mean±SE), 86±4%Ndfa, and an assumption that 10% of foliar N was derived from reserves in woody tissues. At this site, we further estimated via acetylene reduction that 37±10 kg N ha–1 was fixed by speckled alders in 1998. This estimate used the theoretical 4:1 C2H2 reduction to N2 fixation ratio and assumed no night-time fixation late in the season. Nitrogen inputs in wet and dry deposition at this site are approximately 8 kg N ha–1 year–1. We conclude that speckled alder in wetlands of northern New York State relies heavily on N2 fixation to meet N demands, and symbiotic N2 fixation in speckled alders adds substantial amounts of N to alder-dominated wetlands in the Adirondack Mountains. These additions may be important for watershed N budgets, where alder-dominated wetlands occupy a large proportion of watershed area.
Protecting the Geyser Basins of Yellowstone National Park: Toward a New National Policy for a Vulnerable Environmental Resource

Geyser basins provide high value recreation, scientific, economic and national heritage benefits. Geysers are globally rare, in part, because development activities have quenched about 260 of the natural endowment. Today, more than half of the world’s remaining geysers are located in Yellowstone National Park, northwest Wyoming, USA. However, the hydrothermal reservoirs that supply Yellowstone’s geysers extend well beyond the Park borders, and onto two “Known Geothermal Resource Areas”—Island Park to the west and Corwin Springs on the north. Geysers are sensitive geologic features that are easily quenched by nearby geothermal wells. Therefore, the potential for geothermal energy development adjacent to Yellowstone poses a threat to the sustainability of about 500 geysers and 10,000 hydrothermal features. The purpose here is to propose that Yellowstone be protected by a “Geyser Protection Area” (GPA) extending in a 120-km radius from Old Faithful Geyser. The GPA concept would prohibit geothermal and large-scale groundwater wells, and thereby protect the water and heat supply of the hydrothermal reservoirs that support Yellowstone’s geyser basins and important hot springs. Proactive federal leadership, including buyouts of private groundwater development rights, can assist in navigating the GPA through the greater Yellowstone area’s “wicked” public policy environment. Moreover, the potential impacts on geyser basins from intrusive research sampling techniques are considered in order to facilitate the updating of national park research regulations to a precautionary standard. The GPA model can provide the basis for protecting the world’s few remaining geyser basins.
On the question of cyclic GMP as the mediator of the effects of acetylcholine on the heart.

Abstract The effects of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside on cyclic GMP levels, contractile force, and glycogen metabolism were investigated in the perfused rat heart. While both agents produced time- and concentration-dependent increases in cyclic GMP, only acetylcholine significantly decreased contractile force. Neither agent altered the basal cyclic AMP concentration, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity ratio, or phosphorylase activity. When dosages were adjusted to give approximately equal increases in cyclic GMP, acetylcholine attenuated the effect of epinephrine on contractile force and glycogen phosphorylase activity while nitroprusside did not antagonize the action of the beta-adrenergic agent on either parameter. The data suggest that increased cardiac cyclic GMP is not sufficient to completely explain the action of acetylcholine on either contractile force or its antagonism of epinephrine-induced increases in force or glycogen phosphorylase activity.
Unusual morphological and cytochemical features of pit plugs in Clathromorphum circumscriptum (Rhodophyta, Corallinales)

Ultrastructural and cytochemical study of pit plugs in Clathromorphum circumscriptum revealed two distinctive features. The large outer cap layer of the pit plugs was irregular in morphology and often deeply lobed. Some plug caps were poorly consolidated, consisting of disjunct pieces that were not in contact with the rest of the pit plug. As in other Corallinales, the outer cap layer was reactive to periodic acid Schiff, a carbohydrate stain, and mercuric bromophenol blue, a protein stain; it was also sensitive to digestion by two proteolytic enzymes. In addition, a lipid stain, Sudan black B, stained the outer caps. This was the first demonstration, in any species, of pit plug outer caps with a significant lipid component. Morphological and cytochemical features of pit plugs could be of value in elucidating relationships among some species of Clathromorphum.
T-Spline Based Local Refinement for Mesh Independent Analysis

Structured background mesh with regular shaped uniform elements is easy to generate automatically. Analysis using such a mesh is possible with an independent CAD model representing the geometry by using Implicit Boundary Method. This avoids mesh generation difficulties and enables new types of elements that use B-spline approximations instead of the traditional Lagrange interpolations. But the background mesh should ideally have higher resolution in areas where the solution has large gradients. In this paper, T-spline basis functions are used to locally refine a structured mesh. T-splines allow construction of elements with T-junctions maintaining the continuity of the field variable across element boundaries and hence ensure that compatibility conditions are satisfied. T-spline elements are constructed for linear and cubic basis. Essential boundary conditions are applied using implicit boundary method, which allows boundary conditions to be imposed even when there are no nodes on the boundary. T-spline elements are shown to represent constant and linear solution exactly. The mesh refinement technique is evaluated using two dimensional elasticity problem involving stress concentration.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
The inlluence of one-sided extraneous stimulation on directional walking while blindfolded

To test a hypothesis from sensory-tonic field theory, 18 students looked at a cross 52 ft away and, after being blindfolded, were given the task of attempting to walk directly to the cross while simultaneously receiving stimulation from a vibrator on the left or the right side of the neck or receiving no stimulation. Compensatory movement away from the side of stimulation was found.
Beam Microstructure - Does it Affect Ferrite-Loaded Current Monitors?

Questions have been raised as to whether the current calibration of a ferrite-loaded toroid using a pulser is also valid for a linac beam with 1300 MHz microstructure. Three experiments will be reported; (1) a comparison of a ferrite toroid and a precision Faraday cup by a nulling experiment, (2) a comparison of a ferrite toroid and a Faraday cup using a special calibration technique, and (3) a direct comparison of a ferrite-loaded and an air-core toroid. The evidence is that the error, if present, is under 1 percent. Systematic errors due to beam-induced microwaves will be discussed.
CELLULAR NEURAL NETWORKS: ASYMMETRIC SPACE-DEPENDENT TEMPLATES, MOSAIC PATTERNS, AND SPATIAL CHAOS

We consider a Cellular Neural Network (CNN), with a bias term, on the integer lattice ℤ2 in the plane ℝ2. Space-dependent, asymmetric couplings (templates) appropriate for CNN in the hexagonal lattice on ℝ2 are studied. We characterize the mosaic patterns and study their spatial entropy. It appears that for this problem, asymmetry of the template has a more robust effect on the spatial entropy than does the sign of a parameter in the templates.
Localized, degenerately doped epitaxial silicon for temperature compensation of resonant MEMS systems

A new fabrication method for locally doped silicon resonators is demonstrated within an epitaxial polysilicon encapsulation process (consistent with the established low cost, high yield, high volume manufacturing at SiTime Corporation). Using a cavity etch followed by a selective epitaxial silicon refill with in situ degenerate doping, distinct locally doped regions on a 40-μm thick silicon device layer were obtained. Resonators from two different families were characterized for a couple of doping levels and show that temperature sensitivity can be suppressed. This capability removes one of the last remaining disadvantages of silicon as a resonator material, relative to quartz, and should directly enable improvements in the performance, power consumption, and cost of MEMS-based timing products.
Anatomic relationships of the human nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis: a DiI labeling study

The nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGL) is located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a brainstem region that regulates homeostatic functions, such as blood pressure and cardiovascular reflexes, respiration. central chemosensitivity and pain. In the present study, we examined anatomic relationships of the human nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis using a bidirectional lipophilic fluorescent tracer, 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3.3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), in nine postmortem human fetal midgestational brainstems. The areas which were labeled by diffusion of DiI from the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis included the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the medulla, caudal raphe (nucleus raphe obscurus and pallidus), hilum and amiculum of the inferior olive, bilateral "reticular formation" (including the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis, nucleus gigantocellular-is and the intermediate reticular zone (IRZ)). vestibular and cochlear nuclei, cells and fibers at the floor of the fourth ventricle with morphologic features of tanycytes, parabrachial nuclei (PBN), medial lemniscus, lateral lemniscus, inferior cerebellar peduncle and cerebellar white matter, central tegmental tract, and the capsule of the red nucleus. This pattern of DiI labeling bears many similarities with the pattern of connections of the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis previously demonstrated by tract-tracing methods in experimental animals, and is consistent with the role of the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis in central regulation of homeostatic functions. In contrast to the animal studies, however, we did not demonstrate connections of the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis with the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (nTS) (only connections with the rostral subdivision were examined), locus coeruleus, or the periaqueductal gray (PAG) in the human midgestational brainstem. In our previous studies, six medullary areas showed reduced serotonin receptor binding in a subset of victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The present study demonstrated DiI labeling in all of these six areas, suggesting that they are interconnected.
Development of IBAD/PLD process for long length Y-123 conductors in Fujikura

Long length manufacturing approach of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x (Y-123) conductor was performed using ion-beam-assisted-deposition (IBAD) and pulsed-laser-deposition (PLD) process in Fujikura Ltd. A new set of reel-to-reel IBAD system was designed using 110 cm x 15 cm assisting ion source. The planer distribution of in-plane texture (ΔΦ) for Gd 2 Zr 2 Ο 7 template films were studied in large deposition area of 100 cm x 25 cm. The throughput of 5.5 m/h with ΔΦ of 15° was obtained for Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 films grown on 10 mm wide tapes. Long Y-123/ CeO 2 /Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 /Hastelloy tapes were produced by using reel-to-reel vacuum apparatuses of IBAD and PLD. I c of 153 A, and 88 A were obtained in end-to-end of a 104 m long tape, and a 217 m long one, respectively. I c of 360 A was obtained in a short sample with Y-123 thickness of 2.0 μm. A cryo-cooled 5-turn x 4-layer small solenoid coil with inner diameter of 60 mm was demonstrated using a Y-123 conductor formed by IBAD/PLD method. No severe heat spot was generated even the transporting current exceeded the coil I c value of 355 A at 20 K.
Bulimia: a case illustration of the superiority of behavioral over cognitive treatment.

Abstract The present study compared the relative efficacy of two major clinical procedures previously used in multicomponent cognitive-behavioral programs for treating bulimia. A single-subject experimental design was used and the results showed that the behavioral procedure of exposure plus response prevention was more effective than the cognitive procedure in reducing binge and vomit episodes as well as the urges to bing-vomit. These results suggest that the exposure plus response prevention component is more relevant for cognitive as well as behavior changes in treating bulimia.
Transceiver-Phased Arrays for Human Brain Studies at 7 T

The paper describes technological advances in high-field (7 T) transceiver-phased arrays developed for magnetic resonance imaging of the human brain. The first part of this work describes an 8-element inductively decoupled split elliptical transceiver-phased array with selectable geometry, which provides an easy and efficient way of compensating for changes in mutual inductive coupling associated with difference in loading due to variability in head shape and size. The second part of the work describes a double-row 16-element (2 × 8) transceiver array to extend the homogeneous transmit B1 profile in the longitudinal direction. Multiplexing eight transmit channels between the two rows of the array provides homogeneous excitation over the entire volume. The final section describes design and construction of a double-tuned 31P/1H 16-element (8 at each frequency) array. The array improves transmission efficiency and B1 homogeneity at 1H frequency in comparison with 31P/1H quadrature transverse electromagnetic volume coil. For 31P studies, the array also improves transmission efficiency (38%), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for central brain locations (20%) and provides substantially greater SNR (up to 400%) for peripheral locations.
The management of acute infections of the face and jaws

Abstract 1. 1. A comprehensive knowledge of the anatomic spaces involved is imperative in the rational management of acute infections about the face and jaws. The various potential spaces of teh face and the management of infection in these spaces are discussed. 2. 2. Dental disease is the most prominent etiological factor in acute infections involving the space of the body of the mandible. 3. 3. It is dangerous to extract teeth during the stage of acute infection. Conservative measures are recommended. 4. 4. The masticator space is most often involved by extension of infection from the mandibular third molar area. Drainage should be delayed until the infection has localized. 5. 5. A program of watchful waiting may result in failure in the management of acute septic parotitis. 6. 6. Infection of the lateral pharyngeal space may result in septic thrombosis of the internal jugular vein, erosion of the carotid artery, or spread of infection to the fascial planes of the neck and mediastinum. 7. 7. The sublingual spaces are most frequently involved by infection spreading from the space of the body of the mandible. Early incision and drainage are imperative. 8. 8. General supportive measures are important in the management of acute infections of the face and jaws. These are considered briefly.
Behavioral recovery after irreversible inactivation of D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptors.

Abstract Irreversible inactivation of both D-1 and D-2 dopamine (DA) receptors by N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1, 2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) resulted in complete loss of stereotypy response to R-(-)-N-propylnorapomorphine (NPA; 0.1–1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) 24 hr later. Stereotyped sniffing recovered much more rapidly than oral behaviors. The D-2 antagonist sulpiride (200 mg/kg) and the putatively nonselective antagonist cis -flupenthixol (2 mg/kg), administered prior to EEDQ, prevented the loss of NPA-induced sniffing but only partially protected against loss of oral behaviors 24 hr later. Complete protection of both behaviors was seen after pretreatment with a combination of sulpiride and the selective D-1 antagonist SCH 23390 (1 mg/kg); pretreatment with the selective D-1 antagonist SCH 23390 alone, however, did not modify the rate of recovery of either behavioral response. The results suggest that either different populations of DA receptors mediate expression of these behaviors or stimulation of a small fraction of the total DA receptor pool may be sufficient to elicit sniffing but not oral responses. Furthermore, maintaining a normal complement of D-2 rather than D-1 receptors appears to be a critical determinant for the elicitation of these behaviors.