cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A system of systems focused enterprise architecture framework and an associated architecture development process

Today, many organizations are concerned with how to successfully transition to an organization utilizing information technology to its fullest strategic extent. The organization's enterprise architecture plays a key role in this transition. Enterprise architectures are typically comprised of many components and can be very complex. All of these components must be integrated well for the organization to easily evolve and successfully adapt to the frequent technology and business changes that occur. An Enterprise Architecture Framework (EAF) can significantly aid development of an adaptable enterprise architecture. When developing an enterprise architecture, the major areas of focus should be stakeholders' perspectives, contextual awareness interrogatives by which these perspectives are expressed, and System of Systems (SOS) hierarchical levels. This research has led to the identification of an enterprise architectural framework for a complex system of systems. It identifies an enterprise architecture framework and an Architecture Development Process (ADP) to engineer an effective, flexible enterprise architecture. The resulting three-dimensional enterprise architecture framework incorporates hierarchical levels of the system of systems that characterize the enterprise as well as the perspectives of all stakeholders, including such external ones as customers and partners, and contextual awareness interrogatives. The resultant enterprise architecture framework explicitly addresses the complexity of systems and the high degree of integration needed across system of systems levels. Measures of effectiveness for the enterprise architecture framework, architecture development process, and the resulting architecture are briefly discussed as well as an empirical evaluation. The results of the evaluation suggest that use of both the framework and the architecture development process are beneficial.
Beta-decay of 16N: Conservation of spin and parity in 16o

The degree to which parity is conserved in strong inter actions was studied and F/sup 2/, the intensity of the component determined. A thick target of TiN/sup 15/ was irradiated with a beam of deuterons at 1.1 Mev. The consequent N/sup 16/ decay was examined. It was found that alpha particles are emitted following the beta decay of N/sup 16/. These alpha particles came from the decay of the broad 1- state in O/sup 16/. Results suggested a value of 7 x 10/sup -12/ for F/sup 2/. (M.C.G.)
Expression of diverse Na+ channel messenger RNAs in rat myocardium. Evidence for a cardiac-specific Na+ channel.

Abstract This study examined the diversity of Na+ channel gene expression in intact cardiac tissue and purified myocardial cells. The screening of neonatal rat myocardial cell cDNA libraries with a conserved rat brain Na+ channel cDNA probe, resulted in the isolation and characterization of a putative rat cardiac Na+ channel cDNA probe (pCSC-1). The deduced amino acid sequence of pCSC-1 displayed a striking degree of homology with the eel, rat brain-1, and rat brain-2 Na+ channel, thereby identifying pCSC-1 as a related member of the family of Na+ channel genes. Northern blot analysis revealed the expression of a 7-kb CSC-1 transcript in rat cardiac tissue and purified myocardial cells, but little or no detectable expression of CSC-1 in rat brain, skeletal muscle, denervated skeletal muscle, or liver. Using RNase protection and Northern blot hybridization with specific rat brain Na+ channel gene probes, expression of the rat brain-1 Na+ channel was observed in rat myocardium, but no detectable expression of the rat brain-2 gene was found. This study provides evidence for the expression of diverse Na+ channel mRNAs in rat myocardium and presents the initial characterization of a new, related member of the family of Na+ channel genes, which appears to be expressed in a cardiac-specific manner.
Catalytic Mechanism of S-Ribosylhomocysteinase (LuxS): Direct Observation of Ketone Intermediates by 13C NMR Spectroscopy

S-Ribosylhomocysteinase (LuxS) catalyzes the cleavage of the thioether linkage of S-ribosylhomocysteine (SRH) to produce l-homocysteine and 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DHPD). This is a key step in the biosynthetic pathway of the type II autoinducer (AI-2) in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Previous studies demonstrated that LuxS contains a catalytically essential Fe2+ ion. The catalytic mechanism of LuxS was investigated using 2- and 3-13C-labeled SRH as substrate and 13C NMR spectroscopy. These studies revealed the presence of 2- and 3-keto intermediates in the catalytic pathway. The 2-keto intermediate was chemically synthesized, and its chemical and kinetic competence was demonstrated. The results support a catalytic mechanism in which the metal ion catalyzes an internal redox reaction, shifting the carbonyl group from the C-1 position to the C-3 position. Subsequent β-elimination at the C-4 and C-5 positions releases homocysteine as a free thiol. The results also suggest that Cys-84...
Poly(enamine-ketones) from hydrogen-terminated aromatic dipropynones and aromatic diamines

Poly(enamine-ketones) were prepared by the nucleophilic (Michael-type) addition of various aromatic diamines to 1,1′-(1,3- or 1,4-phenylene)bis(2-propyn-1-one)(1,3 or 1,4-PPO) in m-cresol at 5–23°C. The low molecular weight polymers (inherent viscosity of 0.25 dL/g) exhibited limited solubility in organic solvents. Glass transition temperatures were generally undetectable by differential scanning calorimetry while polymer decomposition temperatures (10% weight loss), as measured by thermogravimetric analysis, were observed from 355 to 419°C. Polymers prepared from 1,4-PPO were semi-crystalline as shown by wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The poly(enamine-ketone) structure was confirmed by matching infrared spectral characteristics of the polymers with those of well-characterized model enamine ketones.
Incorporating Heterarchy into Theory on Socio-political Development: The Case from Southeast Asia

As archeological research in mainland Southeast Asia progresses beyond the pioneering stage, the emerging data pose a number of challenges to theories of socio-political development. Attempts to apply models assuming nested, conical, hierarchical progressions derivative from the band-tribe-chiefdom-state continuum often seem inadequate and somehow unable to account for the significant socio-political dynamics that are increasingly evident from the data. This chapter proposes that a shift in modeling the region's socio-political trajectory away from a stepprogression, hierarchical approach toward a dynamic, heterarchical approach will advance understanding of this region's distinctive social development and will contribute to broadening and refining theory on the formation of states and the development of social complexity.
Solution sets for DCOPs and graphical games

A distributed constraint optimization problem (DCOP) is a formalism that captures the rewards and costs of local interactions within a team of agents, each of whom is choosing an individual action. When rapidly selecting a single joint action for a team, we typically solve DCOPs (often using locally optimal algorithms) to generate a single solution. However, in scenarios where a set of joint actions (i.e. a set of assignments to a DCOP) is to be generated, metrics are needed to help appropriately select this set and efficiently allocate resources for the joint actions in the set. To address this need, we introduce k-optimality, a metric that captures the desirable properties of diversity and relative quality of a set of locally-optimal solutions using a parameter that can be tuned based on the level of these properties required. To achieve effective resource allocation for this set, we introduce several upper bounds on the cardinalities of k-optimal joint action sets. These bounds are computable in constant time if we ignore the graph structure, but tighter, graph-based bounds are feasible with higher computation cost. Bounds help choose the appropriate level of k-optimality for settings with fixed resources and help determine appropriate resource allocation for settings where a fixed level of k-optimality is desired. In addition, our bounds for a 1-optimal joint action set for a DCOP also apply to the number of pure-strategy Nash equilibria in a graphical game of noncooperative agents.
A study of the hexabromide number and hexabromide yield of pure linolenic acid with a suggested interpolation method for its estimation

1. Varying amounts of a specimen of pure linolenic acid have been brominated and the hexabromide yields have been determined by an empirical procedure. The acid was brominated alone and in the presence of olive oil fatty acids. 2. It is suggested that linolenic acid can be specifically and quantitatively determined in fatty acid mixtures by interpolation from a curve showing the linolenic acid-hexabromide yield relationships over the range cited. 3. The empirical nature of the hexabromide yield is confirmed.
Investigation of region I of a superplastic AlZnMgCuMn alloy

Abstract The high temperature deformation of a fine-grained aluminum alloy processed by rapid solidification powder metallurgy was investigated. Region I of low rate sensitivity with a high activation energy and a negative grain size exponent (in contrast with the positive exponent of the superplastic region) was observed. These observations support the existence of a threshold stress for superplastic flow which varies inversely with grain size and depends strongly on temperature. The restricted mobility of the grain boundaries pinned by the dispersed particles during the superplastic flow is suggested to be the origin of the threshold stress.
A geophysical approach to buried site detection using down‐hole susceptibility and soil magnetic techniques

Recently developed down-hole magnetic capabilities and laboratory soil magnetic techniques are combined in a geophysical approach to identify buried archaeological sites. Down-hole magnetic susceptibility measurements are used to locate palaeosols and soil magnetic studies are applied to evaluate whether an associated human occupation is likely. This geophysical approach has the potential to locate and explore buried archaeological deposits across varied environments in a cost-effective, efficient, and relatively non-invasive manner. This approach was developed and tested on sites in Minnesota and North Dakota, USA. Prototype Bartington Instruments MS2H down-hole sensors allowed identification of major stratigraphical units, buried occupation layers and non-cultural palaeosols at these sites. Buried soils correlated with enhanced susceptibilities. Buried cultural soils produced, in some cases, a signal over twice the magnitude of non-archaeological palaeosols. Although this magnitude shift suggested a possible avenue for determining if ancient land surfaces had been occupied by humans, laboratory soil magnetic techniques, which allow an understanding of changes in composition, concentration and/or grain size of the magnetic carrier that produce this contrast in magnitude, were found to be much more effective in making this determination. These soil magnetic tests were applied to sediments collected from the down-hole locations. An increase in magnetic remanence carried in the coarse soil fraction was found to consistently and reliably distinguish those soils associated with human occupation. Investigations into the origin of the magnetic signature have suggested this remanence resides in nodules of burnt clay found in the archaeological soils. As it is suspected that domestic fires produced these clay aggregations, this phenomenon may extend to a wide range of sites and thus provide a technique for buried site identification that is broadly applicable. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolomics and Atherosclerosis

Metabolites reflect the dynamic processes underlying cellular homeostasis. Recent advances in analytical chemistry and molecular biology have set the stage for metabolite profiling to help us understand complex molecular processes and physiology. Metabolomics is the comparative analysis of metabolite flux and how it relates to biological phenotypes. As an intermediate phenotype, metabolite signatures capture a unique aspect of cellular dynamics that is not typically interrogated, providing a distinct perspective on cellular homeostasis. To date, there have been only a few metabolomics studies investigating cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we explore the principles of metabolomics and how it can provide further insight into the mechanisms of cardiovascular physiology and ultimately lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients with cardiovascular disease.
Effect of Incentive upon Information Use in a Choice Situation

Using a static decision situation, 120 Ss were run in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design in which the main variables were number of choice alternatives (2 or 8), likelihood that the information provided was correct (higher or lower than chance), and presence or absence of monetary incentive. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) Ss in monetary incentive groups tend to behave in a manner more statistically advantageous in relation to use of information than Ss in non-incentive groups. (2) The more choice alternatives available, the more likely Ss are to use information. (3) Previous results were confirmed showing that, when faced with the option of making a random choice between equally likely alternatives and using available information, an S is inclined to use the information some of the time, even when it is statistically disadvantageous to do so, i.e., when S could do better by simple guessing behavior.
Nonbonding Interactions and Stereoselection in the Corey−Bakshi−Shibata Reduction

Deuterium kinetic isotope effect measurements upon enantiotopic methyl groups for the Corey-Bakshi-Shibata reduction of 2',5'-dimethylphenyl isopropyl ketone suggest a complex role for nonbonding interactions in the mediation of stereoselection.
Corrosion of inconel-690 electrodes in waste glass melts

Inconel-690, a Cr-Ni-Fe-based “superalloy,” has become the material of choice for electrodes in joule-heated waste glass melters and is currently employed in the high-level nuclear waste vitrification systems at West Valley and DWPF, as well as in GTS Duratek's privatized M-Area mixed waste vitrification facility at Savannah River. Future applications of joule-heated vitrification technologies will necessitate an assessment of the limits of performance of this material under more demanding conditions than have been studied previously. In this work, Inconel 690 electrodes were tested in several simulated sodium-rich aluminosilicate waste glasses in wide ranges of AC current density, electrical waveform, temperature, and glass composition.
Bulk and Defect Properties of Ordered Intermetallics: A First-Principles Total-Energy Investigation

First-principles quantum mechanical calculations based on local-density-functional theory have been used to investigate the fundamental factors that govern the deformation and fracture behavior of ordered intermetallic alloys. Unlike in Ni3Al, the calculated elastic constants and shear fault energies indicate that anomalous yield strength behavior is not likely to occur in Ni3Si. From the calculated Griffith strength and a phenomenological theory relating fracture toughness to ideal cleavage strength, Ni3Si is predicted to be ductile with respect to cleavage fracture. For TiAl, we find the absence of structural vacancies due to the strong Ti-Al bonding and similar atomic radii for Ti and Al. For NiAl, the defect structure is found to be dominated by two types of defects - monovacancies on the Ni sites and substitutional antisite defects on the Al sites. For FeAl, on the other hand, we find a more complex defect structure, which is closely related to the importance of electronic structure effect in FeAl. More importantly, we predict the strong tendency for vacancy clustering in FeAl due to the large binding energy found for divacancies. Effects of thermomechanical history on microhardness are discussed in terms of the calculated results.
The Palatability of Corn Chowder Prepared With Blended Tofu

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: The effects of using blended tofu in a corn chowder recipe The purpose of the study was to determine the acceptability of corn chowder when blended tofu is used for some or all of the milk in a corn chowder recipe. In recent years, the use of soy products in the United States has become a major trend. Tofu, a derivative of soybeans, is an inexpensive source of high protein which is also low in saturated fat and cholesterol. Soy foods are now being recognized as having the potential roles in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and cancer. Also, lactose-free products would be a healthy alternative for lactose intolerant people. In this study, tofu puree was prepared by beating 8 oz soft tofu with 1 T water and 1 T vegetable broth until smooth. A standard highly seasoned corn chowder was made with 3/4 cup low-fat milk and 3/4 cup vegetable broth. The following variations were made: A) 100% (3/4 cup) milk, 0% tofu; B) 73% (1/2 cup) milk, 27% (3 T) tofu; C) 57% (1/3 cup) milk, 43% (1/4 cup) tofu; D) 43% (1/4 cup) milk, 57% (1/3 cup) tofu; E) 0% milk, 100% (1/2 cup) tofu. Sensory evaluations showed that Sample E with 100% tofu puree had the highest flavor and acceptability scores with the least off-flavor. Consistency and color scores were acceptable. Results showed that acceptable corn chowder products can be successfully prepared with only tofu puree and no milk.
The Pharmacokinetics and Serum and Urine Bactericidal Activity of Ciprofloxacin

Ciprofloxacin is an investigational quinolone agent possessing an impressive antibacterial spectrum. Its pharmacokinetics were studied in six volunteers after 250-mg and 500-mg single oral doses, and its bactericidal activity compared to that of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole given to the same volunteers. Mean peak serum levels were 1.45 μg/mL and 2.46 μg/mL for 250-mg and 500-mg doses, and time to peak was 1 and 1.3 hours. The 12-hour levels were 0.12 μg and 0.22 μg. Half-life (T1/2)α were 0.32 and 0.43 with T1/2β were 3.97 and 4.15 and volume of distribution (area) were 80L and 90L, respectively. Area under the concentration curve (AUC) was 5.65 h · μg/mL and 10.37h · μg/mL. Serum clearance was 23L for both doses. Approximately 49% of the 250-mg dose and 43% of the 500-mg dose was recovered in the urine. Bactericidal levels were determined against clinical isolates. Sera at 1.5 hours after the 500-mg dose averaged bactericidal levels of 1:20 or better for an Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis. Urinary bactericidal levels at eight to 12 hours were 1:157 for E coli, K pneumoniae, gentamicin-piperacillin resistant P aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and 1:20 for Streptococcus faecalis. Serum bactericidal levels were superior, and urine bactericidal levels were superior or equal to the bactericidal levels obtained with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Ciprofloxacin's in vitro activity and human pharmacology should permit a twice or once daily dosing schedule for system 1C infections due to most Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus, Branhamella and Pseudomonas, and S aureus, and once daily for urinary gastrointestinal infections.
Reducing the Crosstalk and Reflection at the Dielectric Waveguide Cross by Topology Design

We propose an economic and efficient method to reduce the crosstalk and reflection at dielectric waveguide cross by means of topology design. More than 85% crosstalk energy reduction and 90% reflection energy reduction are observed.
GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR GENE STRUCTURE IN GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY

We have used a cDNA probe for human pancreas growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) to characterize GRF genes in DNA from normals and children with autosomal recesssive isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) IB or multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD). Pvu II, which recognizes sites in the middle of both GRF cDNA sequences, generated 4 hybridizing fragments of similar intensity with lengths of 8.5, 4.5, 3.2 and 2.7 kb. The patterns produced by Pvu II in combination with 7 other enzymes were also inconsistent with a single GRF gene less than 6 kb in length and suggested 2 or more non-allelic GRF genes per haploid genome. In a search for genetic linkage markers, we digested DNA specimens representing 17 to 104 sets of normal chromosomes with 15 endonucleases which collectively screen for variation in a minimum of 280 base pairs. No variation in GRF fragment length or number was detected. Affected individuals in 5 pedigrees with IGHD IB and 3 pedigrees with MPHD did not show gross abnormalities of GRF gene fragments. We conclude that deletion of GRF genes is not a common genetic mechanism in these familial disorders. Identification of polymorphic variation in or near the GRF genes will be needed to determine whether these forms of GH deficiency are due to subtle alterations in GRF genes.
Risks from maternal exposure to photographic chemicals in pregnancy.

:The potential effects of photographic developers, fixers, replenishers, bleaches, washes, metallic salts, and radioactive emulsions and chemicals on pregnant women and the fetus are reviewed, mainly in terms of animal findings. Those chemicals which are best avoided, or used only with protective hand, eye, and respiratory protection are discussed, and resources for more information are given. (BIR TH10:3, Fall 1983)
Hyperspectral opportunities with next-generation QSIP arrays

Abstract Hyperspectral applications that employ gratings typically exploit only one grating order, since other orders that emerge from the grating at the same angle of dispersion would corrupt the spectrum measured with conventional FPAs. Previously, dualband infrared focal plane arrays (FPA), developed for multi-spectral imaging applications, have demonstrated advantages over conventional multi-FPA sensor configurations in compactness and band-to-band pixel registration. In addition, dualband and multiband FPA architectures of Quantum Structure Infrared Photodetector (QSIP) technology would enable applications beyond simple multi-spectral imaging. For example, In the case of dual- (or multi-) waveband FPAs, the different grating orders can be paired with the FPA wavebands, allowing high efficiency hyperspectral imaging over very broad wavelength regions. Exploiting the “third dimension” of FPA detecting layers for this type of hyperspectral application has been demonstrated previously. As time progresses, multi-waveband FPAs are expected to provide an increase in spectral information at the pixel level without the need for external (e.g. dispersive) optical elements. As the number of wavebands increases to the point of providing spectral overlap of adjacent spectral resolution elements, hyperspectral capability is then achieved by the FPA acting alone. This technology may someday become possible through advanced QSIP architectures having photons of different wavelength continuously absorbed at different depths, and their resulting photocurrents isolated with a vertical grid of contacts or an equivalent mechanism for transporting depth-dependent signal photocurrent to a read-out circuit unit cell.
Shedding Light on Biomolecule Conformational Dynamics Using Fluorescence Measurements of Trapped Ions

Biomolecule conformational change has been widely investigated in solution using several methods; however, much less experimental data about structural changes are available for completely isolated, gas-phase biomolecules. Studies of conformational change in unsolvated biomolecules are required to complement the interpretation of mass spectrometry measurements and in addition, can provide a means to directly test theoretical simulations of biomolecule structure and dynamics independent of a simulated solvent. In this Feature Article, we review our recent introduction of a fluorescence-based method for probing local conformational dynamics in unsolvated biomolecules through interactions of an attached dye with tryptophan (Trp) residues and fields originating on charge sites. Dye-derivatized biomolecule ions are formed by electrospray ionization and are trapped in a variable-temperature quadrupole ion trap in which they are irradiated with either continuous or short pulse lasers to excite fluorescence. Fluo...
The role of health behaviors in mediating the relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a structural equation modeling approach

Objectives We investigated the longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and glycemic control (HbA1c) in adults with type 2 diabetes, and the extent to which that association was explained by health behaviors.
Fertility and the economy.

Fertility and the economy is examined in the context of the Malthusian question about the links between family choices and longterm economic growth. Micro level differences are not included not are a comprehensive range of economic or determinant variables. Specific attention is paid to income and price effects the quality of children overlapping generations mortality effects uncertainty and economic growth. Fertility and the demand for children in linked to parental incomes and the cost of rearing children which is affected by public policies that change the costs. Demand is also related to child and adult mortality and uncertainty about sex of the child. Fertility in one generation affects fertility in the next. Malthusian and neoclassical models do not capture the current model of modern economies with rising income/capita and human and physical capital extensive involvement of married women in the labor force and declining fertility to very low levels. In spite of the present advances in firm knowledge about the relationships between fertility and economic and social variables there is still much greater ignorance of the interactions. The Malthusian utility function that says fertility rises and falls with income did hold up to 2 centuries of scrutiny and the Malthusian inclusion of the shifting tastes in his analysis could be translated in the modern context to include price of children. The inclusion of net cost has significant consequences i.e. rural fertility can be higher because the cost of rearing when children contribute work to maintaining the farm is lower than in the city. An income tax deduction for children in the US reduces cost. Economic growth raises the cost of children due the time spent on child care becoming more valuable. The modern context has changed from Malthusian time and the cost of education training and medical care is relevant. The implication is that a rise in income could reduce the demand for children when education and training of children increases. Quality is substituted for quantity. The neoclassical model that "the capital-labor ratio and the degree of capital deepening" is affected by population growth is examined as well as the modern approach and the implications are expressed i.e. intergenerational transfers and parental altruism.
Design and study of water-soluble positive- and negative-tone imaging materials

The interest in imaging materials with improved environmental characteristics has led us to consider imaging formulations coated from and developed in aqueous media, thus avoiding the need for both organic solvents and basic aqueous developer solutions. We have previously reported on the design of several negative-tone resists operating via radiation-induced crosslinking, and while the performance of these negative-tone systems met our basic goals, the resolution that could be achieved was limited due to swelling occurring during development. We now report on various other designs based on polyoxazoline, poly(vinyl alcohol), and methacrylate resins that circumvent this problem with approaches towards both negative- and positive- tone systems.
On the need for system-level support for ad hoc and sensor networks

Ad hoc and sensor networks are an important, emerging niche that is poorly supported by existing operating systems. In this paper, we argue that network-wide energy management is a primary concern in ad hoc networks, and that this functionality is best provided by a systems layer. We are currently designing and implementing a distributed, power-aware, adaptive operating system, called MagnetOS, specifically targeting ad hoc and sensor networks. MagnetOS provides a single system image of a unified Java virtual machine across the nodes that comprise an ad hoc network. By automatically and transparently partitioning applications into components and dynamically placing these components on nodes within the ad hoc network, our system reduces energy consumption, avoids hotspots and increases system longevity. We show that a systems approach to automatic object placement in an ad hoc network can increase system longevity by a factor of four to five.
Franciscan-type rocks off Monterey Bay, California: Implications for western boundary of Salinian Block

Serpentinites and spilitic basalts recovered at depths of 1000 m from Ascension Submarine Canyon northwest of Monterey Bay, California indicate that Franciscan basement is present immediately to the west of the San Gregorio Fault. This new information, together with published geological/geophysical data, support previous suggestions that the offshore western boundary of the Salinian block (Sur-Nacimiento Fault) has been tectonically truncated by the San Gregorio Fault and has been displaced by as much as 90 km to the northwest since the mid-late Miocene.
Os primeiros curadores da humanidade: abordagens psicológicas e psiquiátricas sobre os xamãs e o xamanismo

CONTEXTO: o autor descreve os xamas como curadores que deliberadamente modificam seu padrao fenomenologico de atencao, percepcao, cognicao e consciencia para obter informacoes nao disponiveis ordinariamente aos membros do grupo social que lhes concedeu status privilegiado. OBJETIVOS: descrever como estas alteracoes fenomenologicas foram alcancadas e utilizadas. METODOS: foram utilizados estudos da literatura xamânica em arquivo e pesquisas de campo em comunidades onde xamas estao atuando ativamente. RESULTADOS: a fonte das informacoes obtidas pelos xamas e atribuida a forcas e entidades desencarnadas, como espiritos, ancestrais, guias animais e campos energeticos. Essas fontes foram contatadas atraves de toques ritualizados de tambores, dancas, sonhos lucidos, uso de plantas psicotropicas, atencao focalizada e outros recursos. Este estudo foi importante, pois mostrou que os xamas utilizam as informacoes obtidas para atender as necessidades sociais, psicologicas e medicas de suas comunidades. CONCLUSOES: o disseminado aparecimento dos xamas, especialmente em tribos cacadoras e coletoras, indica que suas presencas possuem funcoes adaptativas em um grupo social. Alem disso, estes dados podem trazer importantes contribuicoes para a neurociencia cognitiva, psicologia social, psicoterapia e psicologia ecologica.
Cytoplasmically inherited mutations of a human cell line resulting in deficient mitochondrial protein synthesis.

A large number of mutants deficient in mitochondrial protein synthesis (mtPS−) have been isolated from the human cell line VA2- B by subjecting cells partially depleted of their mtDNA to mutagenic treatments thought to be specific for mtDNA. Each of these mtPS− mutants has less than 10% of the wild- type rate of mitochondrial protein synthesis, exhibits reduced cytochrome oxidase and rutamycin-sensitive ATPase activities, requires high concentrations of glucose, and grows indefinitely in the presence of 100 μg/ml of chloramphenicol (CAP). Fusion of cytoplasts from seven mtPS− mutants to the nucleated thioguanine-resistant VA2-B derivative TG-6 has yielded numerous cybrid clones which grow in CAP plus thioguanine, whereas almost no clones have resulted from the fusion of nucleated mtPS− cells to TG- 6 cells: these results suggest that the gene(s) coding for the phenotype of mtPS− cells is localized in the cytoplasm (mtDNA?).
Josephson-coupled systems in perpendicular magnetic fields.

We calculate the critical current along the [ital c] axis of a stack of Josephson-coupled layers when the applied magnetic field is perpendicular to the junctions plane. The anisotropy parameter and the Josephson interlayer critical current in the Lawrence-Doniach model are renormalized by the vortex fluctuations and have to be determined self-consistently. This leads to the existence of a decoupling phase transition in the ([ital H],[ital T]) plane. The decoupling phase transition is first order for moderate (bare) anisotropies and second order for large anisotropies. We consider the effect of pinning centers and show that only strong disorder affects the critical current. Application of the formalism to single crystals, tapes, and films of highly anisotropic, layered superconductors is discussed. The magnetic field and temperature dependence of the critical current in tapes is calculated for the brick-wall model.
On the Incidence of Unemployment

An enduring characteristic of historical labour statistics is that the incidence of unemployment is consistently and substantially lower among skilled craftsmen than among simple labourers.1 Theories of this occupational differential in unemployment rates have focused on two aspects of the relationship between labour inputs-comparative variability and mutual substitutability. Oi [12], for instance, observes that, relative to the wage rate, fixed costs of hiring and training are much higher for skilled than for unskilled workers. The amortization of fixed expense forms a buffer between the wage rate and the value of labour's marginal product, and to some extent cushions the demand for skilled employees against abrupt shifts due to short-run fluctuations in the output market. Common labour largely lacks this protective shield and, consequently, bears the brunt of increases in the unemployment rate. Reder [13], [15], on the other hand, stresses the substitutability of skilled for unskilled workers. During recessions firms react to falling demand by tightening hiring standards and thus displacing some employees from each labour grade down the occupational skill ladder. This course of action would not be sensible without two crucial postulates: (i) the skilled rate is fully flexible, but variations in the unskilled labour rate are constrained by an exogenous floor, the " social minimum rate " [15, 312-313]; and (ii) craftsmen displaced down the skill ladder cannot or will not find a job commensurate with their skills in some other, non-depressed, sector of the economy.2 Clearly, then, if such theories of the labour market are to account for pure, excesssupply unemployment (e.g. layoffs), they must be supplemented by a strong postulate such as an exogenous stickiness in the wage rate. It is the purpose of this paper to demonstrate that occupational unemployment differentials can be explained in a short-run framework on considerably weaker assumptions. A market with two labour skill grades is characterized in Section 2 by a state-preference model which permits involuntary unemployment to occur at equilibrium. The crucial concept here is that labour services are not exchanged for (and job offers are not evaluated by) wages alone, but for implicit labour contracts which permit the market to form estimates of contingent unemployment probabilities. Rational substitution of skilled for unskilled workers is examined in Section 3 in the context of effective production. Sections 4 and 5 investigate the optimality of full-employment contracts and spell out the main result: at equilibrium, the expected rate of involuntary unemployment for common labour never falls short of, and usually exceeds, that for skilled labour. Consequently, layoffs by seniority may well represent rational behaviour on the part of the market rather than acquiescence to an arcane rule. The cyclical implications of these findings are examined in Section 6 and suggested extensions are laid out in the concluding section.
Urinary Chorionic Gonadotropin Excretion in the Monkey (Macaca mulatto)—Early Phase

Urinary chorionic gonadotropin (MCG) excretion during early pregnancy was determined by bioassay in 2 series of pregnant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatto). Twentyfour urine samples were obtained daily beginning on days 12–15 through days 25–26 of pregnancy. Although urinary MCG was found as early as the 13th day of pregnancy in some monkeys, hormone was not demonstrable in others until the 18th or 20th day. (Endocrinology 82: 874, 1968)
Serologic evidence of avian metapneumovirus infection among adults occupationally exposed to Turkeys.

Abstract Genetically similar, the avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) and the human MPV (hMPV) are the only viruses in the Metapneumovirus genus. Previous research demonstrated the ability of hMPV to cause clinical disease in turkeys. In this controlled, cross-sectional, seroepidemiological study, we examined the hypothesis that aMPV might infect humans. We enrolled 95 adults occupationally exposed to turkeys and 82 nonexposed controls. Sera from study participants were examined for antibodies against aMPV and hMPV. Both in bivariate (OR=3.2; 95% CI: 1.1–9.2) and in multivariate modelling adjusting for antibody to hMPV (OR=4.1; 95% CI: 1.3–13.1), meat-processing workers were found to have an increased odds of previous infection with aMPV compared to controls. While hMPV antibody cross-reactivity is evident, these data suggest that occupational exposure to turkeys is a risk factor for human infection with aMPV. More studies are needed to validate these findings, to identify modes of aMPV transmission, and to dete...
Lateral thoracotomy closure technique

A pericostal closure technique is described that is effective, quick, and surgeon friendly.
Illusion and reality in the study of sleep, hypnosis, psychosis, and arousal.

Abstract All hypnoidal phenomena, i.e. both the process of induction and the achieved state, involve an interaction among many components of psychodynamic and psychophysiological processes, as these are manifested in sleep, in waking, in all intermediate phases, and especially in all transitions among them. These interactions and transitional processes also produce many illusory phenomena whose precise nature has not yet been clarified. For example, “suggestibility” and the “influence” which the hypnotist supposedly can exercise over the subject have been looked upon as essential components in hypnosis, yet we do not know to what extent they are real or to what extent they are illusory. As has been pointed out before (Kubie, 1961a, 1961b; Kubie & Margolin, 1942, 1944a, 1944b), we can be relatively certain that, both with regard to input and output, changes in the quantity, variety, rate, and amplitude of change are related in turn to changes in central excitatory and/or inhibitory processes, and that the ...
A numerical study of the lateral migration of spherical particles in Poiseuille flow

Abstract The lateral migration of spherical particles in Poiseuille flow at low but non-zero Reynolds numbers is studied numerically by the boundary element method. A particular solution method to remove the domain integral associated with the nonlinear convection terms is discussed. For nonneutrally buoyant spheres, the numerical results confirm for the most part that the lateral velocity is towards the wall if the particle velocity leads the undisturbed Poiseuille velocity and is towards the axis if the particle velocity lags the undisturbed Poiseuille velocity. However, the numerical results contradict this general trend in the vicinity of the tube axis.
Time to Step on the Gas in Approaching the Intersections of Scholarly Communication and Information Literacy

As someone who believes scholarly communication and information literacy will continue to be essential growth areas for academic libraries, I welcomed the recent appearance of Intersections of Scholarly Communication and Information Literacy: Creating Strategic Collaborations for a Changing Academic Environment. This white paper, developed by an ACRL working group, advocates for the integration of scholarly communication and information literacy to strengthen the educational roles of academic libraries. Merging these areas represents something of a new frontier that will require many libraries to shift models that presently support scholarly communication and information literacy as separate endeavors. The paper effectively makes the case for this shift based on the premise that scholarly communication knowledge is vital to information literacy skills and the ability to navigate the world of digital information. The “how” part of making this transition happen is described mostly in broad strokes, suggesting a need for sharing successful models from the field. One step in this direction is the newly published book Common Ground at the Nexus of Information Literacy and Scholarly Communication (ACRL, 2013), which serves as a companion to Intersections of Scholarly Communication and Information Literacy, with more specific strategies for implementation.
Clarke and Bond reply

Abstract Receptor promiscuity and possible ligand-directed trafficking of receptors add complexity to receptor-mediated signalling. Could this identified complexity actually simplify drug development?
Vertical trauma: Injuries to patients who fall and land on their feet

We reviewed the patterns of injuries sustained by 12 consecutive fallers and jumpers in whom primary impact was onto the feet. The fall heights ranged from 20 to 100 ft. The 12 patients sustained 49 significant injuries. Skeletal injuries were most frequent and included 15 lower extremity fractures, four pelvic fractures, and nine spinal fractures. In two patients, paraplegia resulted. Genitourinary tract injuries included bladder hematoma, renal artery transection, and renal contusion. Thoracic injuries included rib fractures, pneumothorax, and hemothorax. Secondary impact resulted in several craniofacial and upper extremity injuries. Chronic neurologic disability and prolonged morbidity were common. One patient died; the patient who fell 100 ft survived. After initial stabilization, survival is possible after falls or jumps from heights as great as 100 feet It is important to recognize the skeletal and internal organs at risk from high-magnitude vertical forces.
Meconium-stained amniotic fluid and its association with obstetric infections

Abstract Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) complicates the intrapartum course of 1.5% to 18% of pregnancies. In addition to predisposing to the meconium aspiration syndrome, MSAF is also an established risk factor for neonatal sepsis and for intrapartum and postpartum maternal infection. Meconium enhances the growth of bacteria in amniotic fluid by serving as a growth factor, inhibits the bacteriostatic properties of amniotic fluid, and antagonizes host defense systems such as phagocytosis, thus explaining the association between MSAF and intrauterine infection. Other evidence suggests that the presence of intraamniotic infection may actually cause passage of meconium in utero by inducing fetal enteritis and gastrointestinal hypermotility. Prophylactic intravenous ampicillin-sulbactam has been shown to be effective in significantly decreasing the rate of chorioamnionitis in patients with MSAF. Additional investigation is necessary to determine the optimal prophylactic antibiotic(s) and method of drug administration in patients with MSAF.
Enhancing the success of mergers and acquisitions: an organizational culture perspective

Mergers and acquisitions (MA the success rate, however, is less than commendable. Research offers a number of potential determinants for this success rate. Receiving increased attention and research, organizational culture is one factor identified as a potential catalyst to M&A success. This article reviews related literature to identify some underlying reasons why organizational culture is an important factor in regard to the success rate of M&As. Specific emphasis is placed on cultural implications to consider prior to the merger or acquisition (event) and implications to consider subsequent to the event. Strategic alternatives suggested by researchers in organizational change, organizational strategy, and organizational development/ management research are also synthesized in an attempt to offer a comprehensive perspective on ways that organizations might improve the success rate of M&As.
300 ONTOGENESIS OF GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE (GGTP) IN RAT TISSUES

One of the mechanisms for amino acid active transport into the cell is GGTP. In order to map its developmental patterns this enzyme was studied in Wistar rat tissues before and after birth. Glycylglycine was the acceptor and L-δ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide the donor in the assays. Placental GGTP activity (as nmoles/min × mg protein) decreased from 2.06 ± 0.15 to 0.69 ± 0.07) between the 14th and 21st day of gestation. Fetal kidney GGTP had the highest mean sp. act. than any other tissue at every stage of development. It doubled from the 20th day of gestation to birth (200 to 409), and then increased to 1,452 at 21 d. of age. GGTP in the small intestinal mucosa reached a peak by the middle of the lactation period (106 at 12 d. of age), returning to lower, fetal levels (22) at three weeks of age. Brain GGTP was minimal in utero (2.8 at the 20th day of gestation), and fell to zero at birth, increasing again during lactation and adulthood. Liver GGTP was measurable only in the gestational period, but after birth it became almost negligible. These data suggest that GGTP may play a role in amino acid transport into cells of various tissues in the later part of gestation. After birth, the only organ with significant GGTP activity is the kidney, where its physiologic role has been well studied (Supported in part by USPHS NIH grant S08 RR-09128-02).
Probabilistic self‐scheduling for coverage configuration in wireless ad‐hoc sensor networks

Purpose – Sensing coverage is a critical issue in sensor network deployments. The paper aims to propose a novel scheme to maintain the sensing coverage in sensor networks, which is termed coverage‐aware self‐scheduling (CASS).Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes a generic unifying framework to incorporate different connectivity and coverage maintenance schemes. Simulations are carried out under the framework by integrating CASS with an existing connectivity maintenance scheme ‐ the low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchy.Findings – Different from the existing work on coverage maintenance, CASS probabilistically schedules sensing activities according to the sensor's contribution to the sensing coverage of the whole sensor network. CASS reduces the number of active sensors to maintain certain coverage. Besides the sensing coverage, the connectivity of the network topologies is required for the purpose of communicating among sensors to collect sensing data. Simulation results show that CASS can...
Ab initio electronic structure calculations of the C2H5B potential energy surface: The stability of borirane

Abstract The optimum geometries and relative energies of the five most probable isomers of formula C 2 H 5 B are calculated using ab initio SCF theory and fourth-order perturbation theory. Results indicate that contrary to the isoelectronic cyclopropyl cation-allyl cation system, the open-ring, planar form of C 2 H 5 B is 102.4 kJ/mol higher in energy than the closed-ring form. Interconversion pathways are investigated and lower bounds to the activation energies are determined. It is concluded that the closed ring form is a stable minimum on the C 2 H 5 B potential surface.