cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perioperative complications in patients undergoing open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion as a revision surgery.

Object Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) has been increasingly used to treat degenerative spine disease, including that in patients in whom earlier decompressive procedures have failed. Reexploration in these cases is always challenging and is thought to pose a higher risk of complications. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no current studies specifically analyzing the effects of previous lumbar decompressive surgeries on the complication rates of open TLIF. Methods The authors performed a retrospective study of surgeries performed by a single surgeon. A total of 187 consecutive patients, in whom the senior author (A.N.) had performed open TLIF between January 2007 and January 2011, met the inclusion criteria. The patients were divided into two groups (primary and revision TLIF) for the comparison of perioperative complications. Results Overall, the average age of the patients was 49.7 years (range 18–80 years). Of the 187 patients, 73 patients had no history of lumbar surgery a...
Some remarks on the origin of weak chemiluminescence during polymer oxidation

Various kinetic expressions for the autoxidation of relatively simple hydrocarbons, based on chemiluminescence studies, were obtained by Russian workers. They assumed that the emitted light intensity, I, was a function of RO2•2 in order to explain their experimental data. This paper purports to show that much of their kinetic data can also be explained by assuming that I is a function of [RO2H]. Auf Gorund von Chemilumineszenzuntersuchungen haben russische Autoren verschiedene kinetische Gleichungen fur die Autoxydation einfacher Kohlenwasserstoffe abgeleitet; dabei wird angenommen, das die Intensitat I des emittierten Lichtes eine Funktion von RO2•2 ist. In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, das die erhaltenen kinetischen Daten auch durch die Annahme erklart werden konnen, das I eine Funktion von RO2H ist.
Immigrant Family Stability

Abstract The intent of this paper is to examine aspects of the immigration experience that impinge on the issue of family stability. The meager literature on the socioeconomic background of recent immigrants together with data collected on 150 recent immigrant families indicates that the newest wave of immigrants is, in general, well-prepared for life in the United States. However, the process of immigration stimulates critical changes in behavior which include a redefinition of kin obligations and family life. The trend that emerges from the data is that of an increasingly differentiated and isolated nuclear family. While this type of family is not unique to immigrants, the specific experiences that immigrants have in the United States may make immigrant families more susceptible to various forms of instability than American families. These unique pressures include (1) an extreme economic vulnerability in the U.S. labor market; (2) the rapidity with which male-female roles in the marital dyad must be red...
Flexible DNA: Genetically Unstable CTG·CAG and CGG·CCG from Human Hereditary Neuromuscular Disease Genes

The properties of duplex CTG.CAG and CGG.CCG, which are involved in the etiology of several hereditary neurodegenerative diseases, were investigated by a variety of methods, including circularization kinetics, apparent helical repeat determination, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The bending moduli were 1.13 x 10(-19) erg.cm for CTG and 1.27 x 10(-19) erg.cm for CGG, approximately 40% less than for random B-DNA. Also, the persistence lengths of the triplet repeat sequences were approximately 60% the value for random B-DNA. However, the torsional moduli and the helical repeats were 2.3 x 10(-19) erg.cm and 10.4 base pairs (bp)/turn for CTG and 2.4 x 10(-19) erg.cm and 10.3 bp/turn for CGG, respectively, all within the range for random B-DNA. Determination of the apparent helical repeat by the band shift assay indicated that the writhe of the repeats was different from that of random B-DNA. In addition, molecules of 224-245 bp in length (64-71 triplet repeats) were able to form topological isomers upon cyclization. The low bending moduli are consistent with predictions from crystallographic variations in slide, roll, and tilt. No unpaired bases or non-B-DNA structures could be detected by chemical and enzymatic probe analyses, two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis, and immunological studies. Hence, CTG and CGG are more flexible and highly writhed than random B-DNA and thus would be expected to act as sinks for the accumulation of superhelical density.
Evidence for a readily dissociable complex of p47phox and p67phox in cytosol of unstimulated human neutrophils.

Abstract We explored the association between two cytosolic components of the phagocyte respiratory burst oxidase, p47phox and p67phox. Both of these proteins bound to immobilized GTP or 2',5'-ADP, but not to GDP or ATP. Similarly, triazine dye-ligand chromatography demonstrated coisolation of p47phox and p67phox. Binding of p67phox to GTP was less avid than that of p47phox. Each of the proteins in whole neutrophil cytosol bound separately to GTP in the absence of the other, whereas studies with recombinant proteins showed binding of p47phox but not p67phox. These data suggest that p47phox and p67phox exist as a complex that very likely involves at least one additional cytosolic protein. Sequential precipitation in graded concentrations of ammonium sulfate demonstrated similar profiles for p47phox and p67phox. Charge-based separations using either an anion or cation exchange resin resulted in coelution of the two cytosolic oxidase components, in spite of their widely differing charges as shown by separate analysis of the recombinant proteins. Moreover, preparative isoelectric focusing showed that a portion of the p47phox and p67phox in cytosol coisolated at a pI (7.3-8.3) midway between those of the separate proteins. Despite this, each protein sedimented independently in sucrose density gradients. The data indicate that the complex of p47phox and p67phox was dissociated by increased temperature, high osmolarity, or prolonged incubation. We suggest that under the physiologic conditions in the cytosol of intact phagocytes p47phox, p67phox and probably other proteins exist as a macromolecular complex, the function of which may be to permit en bloc translocation of oxidase components to the plasma membrane.
Stroke awareness among rural residents: the case of West Virginia

Stroke is the leading cause of disability and the third leading cause of death in the United States. There are modifiable and non-modifiable stroke risks and proper management of some of these risks could significantly reduce the risk of stroke incidence. However, proper management of stroke risks requires public awareness of these risks and awareness of appropriate approaches to managing them. In case of stroke incidence, it is also important for patients to be able to recognize stroke symptoms and get immediate emergency medical attention. In this article, stroke awareness is studied as awareness of stroke warning signs, proper management of stroke risks, and awareness of what to do in case of stroke. The article analyzes mail questionnaire responses from 1,114 West Virginia residents. Respondents were mostly not properly managing stroke risks such as diabetes and hypertension. There was also a lack of awareness of severe stroke symptoms such as loss of vision in one eye and sudden severe headache. While 83% of respondents reported that they would call 911 if they thought they were having a stroke, only 20% of respondents could correctly identify all stroke warning signs. The study has some limitations, but remains an important study of stroke awareness among rural residents in Appalachia.
What a structural world [structural decomposition]

Petri nets and stochastic Petri nets have been widely adopted as one of the best tools to model the logical and timing behavior of discrete-state systems. However, their practical applicability is limited by the state-space explosion problem. We survey some of the techniques that have been used to cope with large state spaces, starting from early explicit methods, which require data structures of size proportional to the number of states or state-to-state transitions, then moving to implicit methods, which borrow ideas from symbolic model checking (binary decision diagrams) and numerical linear algebra (Kronecker operators) to drastically reduce the computational requirements. Next, we describe the structural decomposition approach which has been the topic of our research in the last few years. This method only requires to specify a partition of the places in the net and, combining decision diagrams and Kronecker operators with the new concepts of event locality and node saturation, achieves fundamental gains in both memory and time efficiency. At the same, the approach is applicable to a wide range of models. We conclude by considering several research directions that could further push the range of solvable models, eventually leading to an even greater industrial acceptance of this simple yet powerful modeling formalism.
New leadership, new directions, new format.

It is a privilege to assume the Editor-in-Chief position of The Journal of Primary Prevention and to follow in the leadership of P. Britner, who has retired from his editorial responsibilities. Under his 5 years of leadership, JPP has grown tremendously: the journal has transitioned into the electronic age, been indexed, and increased its stature among prevention journals. Thank you, Brit, for your commitment to the journal and to prevention research! I feel honored to take on this role. My goal is to expand the focus and strategic direction of JPP to maintain its trajectory toward becoming a premier journal in prevention and public health. As in the past, the journal will also continue to publish on major causes of disparities, social determinants, schooland community-based programs, cross-cultural comparisons, community-based participatory research, factors contributing to social injustice, and both qualitative and quantitative studies.
Predicting Individual Differences in Generation of Hypotheses

An experiment was performed to determine the extent to which individual differences in hypothesis generation could be predicted. Measures of achievement, general mental ability, and information were included with the Alternate Uses test as predictors of hypothesis-generation performance. The Alternate Uses test was the best predictor of performance. Several variants of the Alternate Uses test were also employed to isolate the components of hypothesis generation. Two components were involved: retrieval of implicit dimensions of the objects and retrieval of uses when the dimensions are explicitly provided. The latter component was much more important. The results suggest that good hypothesis generators have skills that enable them effectively to retrieve information stored in memory.
Cooperation, competition, and altruism within twin sets: A reappraisal

Abstract Behavioral analyses using nonhuman subjects have demonstrated that social-interactional processes and outcomes may be largely fashioned by the relative genetic identity or nonidentity of the participants. Comparisons of social relationships between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) cotwins enable a test of this concept at the human level. The cooperative and competitive behaviors of forty-seven IQ-concordant twin pairs between six and eleven years of age were observed during the completion of joint "projects" or tasks. MZ partners provided striking evidence of greater cooperation, relative to DZ partners. These results are discussed in light of social-genetic and kinship-genetic explanations of behavior. It is argued that behavioral research using twins can profit from the expanded use of more naturalistic methods.
Reflecting inequality of claims in gains and losses

We consider the problem of dividing a resource among a group of agents who have conflicting claims on it. We follow the axiomatic approach and investigate the class of rules satisfying claims-inequality and claims-order preservation in gains and losses. We show that these axioms single out the proportional rule when there are more than three agents. This result confirms the central role of this rule and furthers our understanding of it in claims problems.
Influence of catalyst layer thickness on the growth of nickel silicide nanowires and its application for Li-ion batteries

Abstract We report the influence of nickel catalyst layer thickness when growing nickel silicide alloy nanowires below the liquefaction temperature through metal induced growth. Three different catalyst layer thicknesses show three different nanowire growth results that vary significantly the performance when used as an anode in a lithium ion solution. The thicker catalyst layers (70 nm) show pure NiSi nanowires which have an initial capacity of 1300 mAh g−1 that degrades to 550 mAh g−1 within 90 cycles. The thinner (30 nm thick) layer shows a heterogenous nanowire morphology comprising of a multicrystalline NiSi2 inside core and a Ni doped SiO amorphous shell with initial Li-ion capacity of 1727 mAh g−1 capacity that increases to 2468 mAh g−1 after 90 cycles. Samples with no catalyst layers were shown to grow pure silicon nanowires with poor surface coverage having an initial capacity of 1779 mAh g−1 that falls to 242 mAh g−1 after 90 cycles.
Managing the Franc Poincaré: Economic Understanding and Political Constraint in French Monetary Policy, 1928–1936

Defence of the franc Poincare dominated French economic policy during the Depression. While most countries took their currencies off gold to permit a wider range of domestic policies to foster recovery, in France policy makers resolved to preserve the gold parity of the franc by balancing the budget and lowering domestic prices. Novelty and experimentation were rejected in the conviction that a durable recovery was possible only through a return to strict neoclassical orthodoxy. Managing the Franc Poincare examines French monetary management from 1928 to 1936 in order to explain this stubborn determination to achieve recovery through deflation despite evidence of its failures abroad.
Development of Management Strategies for Hop Powdery Mildew in the Pacific Northwest

Abstract Hop powdery mildew, caused by Sphaerotheca macularis, was first discovered in the Yakima Valley of Washington in 1997 and has since become the most serious disease of hop (Humulus lupus) i...
Characterization of posttranslational modifications in neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin by mass spectrometry.

Abstract Class III beta-tubulin, isolated from adult bovine brain, is resolved into at least seven charge variants on isoelectric focusing gels. To identify the posttranslational modifications responsible for this heterogeneity, a mixture of brain tubulins was treated with cyanogen bromide and the C-terminal fragments from the class III beta-tubulin isoforms were then isolated by binding them to the monoclonal antibody TuJ1. Combined use of tandem mass spectrometry and both subtractive and automated Edman degradation chemistry on the isolated peptides indicates that many of the isoforms differ by phosphorylation at Ser-444 plus attachment of one to six glutamic acid molecules to the side chain of the first glutamate residue, Glu-438, in the C-terminal sequence Tyr-Glu-Asp-Asp-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ser-glu-Ala-Gln-Gly-Pro-Lys.
Analysis of the interchangeability of a dental articulator

A series of Dentatus ARL articulators and gauge blocks were tested for the reliability of the system to reproduce articulator mountings. Points of occlusal contact were measured at several locations on a set of casts. Analysis of the data indicated that the location of the occlusal contacts and the gauge block used were critically related to the results. Further studies to quantify the measurement error and to carefully explore where this system could be used are needed.
Healthy environments for healthy people: Bioremediation today and tomorrow

Increases in environmental contamination lead to a progressive deterioration of environmental quality. This condition challenges our global society to find effective measures of remediation to reverse the negative conditions that severely threaten human and environmental health. We discuss the progress being made toward this goal through application of bioremediation techniques. Bioremediation generally utilizes microbes (bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae), although higher plants are used in some applications. New bioremediation approaches are emerging based on advances in molecular biology and process engineering. Bioremediation continues to be the favored approach for processing biological wastes and avoiding microbial pathogenesis. Bioremediation may also play an increasing role in concentrating metals and radioactive materials to avoid toxicity or to recover metals for reuse. Microbes can biodegrade organic chemicals; purposeful enhancement of this natural process can aid in pollutant degradation and waste-site cleanup operations. Recently developed rapid-screening assays can identify organisms capable of degrading specific wastes and new gene-probe methods can ascertain their abundance at specific sites. New tools and techniques for use of bioremediation in situ, in biofilters, and in bioreactors are contributing to the rapid growth of this field. Bioremediation has already proven itself to be a cost-effective and beneficial addition to chemical and physical methods of managing wastes and environmental pollutants. We anticipate that it will play an increasingly important role as a result of new and emerging techniques and processes.
Cricothyroid activity in high and low vowels: exploring the automaticity of intrinsic F0

Abstract Although vowels can be produced with any F0 in a speaker's range, the high vowels tend to be produced with a higher F0 than low vowels. This “intrinsic F0” (IF0) has been found for every language that has been examined for it (Whalen & Levitt, 1995) and has also been found in the babbling of prelinguistic infants (Whalen, Levitt, Hsiao & Smorodinsky, 1995), suggesting that it is an automatic consequence of articulation. Nonetheless, some researchers have suggested that IF0 is a deliberate enhancement of the perception of vowel height (Diehl & Kluender, 1989; Kingston, 1992; Fahey & Diehl, 1996). The only positive evidence in favor of this view is that EMG activity for the cricothyroid (CT) muscle has been reported to be higher for high vowels than for low, suggesting active control of F0. The present experiment examines CT activity in four English-speaking subjects saying isolated vowels. In one condition, target tones that differed by the same amount as the IF0 magnitude itself were presented for the subjects to match; in the other condition, there were no targets. CT activity for the condition with targets was higher for the high vowels for only one of the four subjects; the patterns for the other three were negative, neutral or mixed. Since only two subjects from the previous literature are comparable to the present work, the basic assumption of higher CT activity for high vowels must be called into question. Further, when F0 was shifted by an amount equivalent to that seen in IF0, it was found that the high vowels needed more CT activity to effect a change than the low vowels did. This indicates that it is impossible to compare absolute values of CT activity as indications of direct F0 control. In the condition without targets, CT activity for three subjects followed the pattern of the target condition, being neutral, negative or mixed. Thus, the EMG evidence cited in favor of IF0 being deliberate is contradicted, leaving a preponderance of evidence that IF0 is an automatic consequence of successful vowel articulation.
A new estimate of lunar seismicity due to meteorite impact.

Lunar structure study using seismic waves generated by meteorite impact, examining feasibility for Shoemaker statistics, noting inelastic attenuation
Utility of Soluble Reactive Phosphorus Measurements in Great Lakes Surveillance Programs: a Summary

Abstract This report summarizes the findings and conclusions of a special workshop convened by the National Water Research Institute at Burlington, Ontario, to review differences in opinion regarding the utility and continuation of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) measurements in the Great Lakes surveillance programs. SRP measurements were discussed taking into account recent developments in understanding the role of phosphorus in bacterial and algal nutrition, phosphorus utilization, and phosphorus turnover times. The workshop concluded that SRP is an acceptable measure of dissolved bioavailable phosphorus when concentrations are significantly above detection limit, and recommended continuation of SRP measurements on surveillance cruises until a better alternative is developed.
Effects of depth-dependent viscosity and plate motions on maintaining a relatively uniform mid-ocean ridge basalt reservoir in whole mantle flow

[1] Mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) exhibit relatively uniform and depleted rare earth element concentrations compared with ocean island basalts (OIBs). Previous researchers have focused on long-term (billion-year timescale) preservation of an enriched and heterogeneous OIB reservoir within the convecting mantle. Such studies commonly conclude that the OIB reservoir must exist in an area which remains isolated from convection, i.e., D″. Here we investigate the maintenance of MORB reservoir homogeneity over shorter timescales in the face of vigorous upper/lower mantle mass exchange (deep subduction), which may be due to two effects: (1) a high-viscosity lower mantle and/or (2) chaotic mixing due to toroidal flow generated by surface plate motions. We explore this conceptual model using three-dimensional spherical numerical models that include surface plate motions, radial viscosity variation, and a geophysically plausible model of mantle density contrasts. A correlation dimension method is used to characterize mixing of passive tracers. For a uniform viscosity mantle the upper and lower mantles mix on essentially the same timescales. A factor of 100 viscosity contrast results in a relative mixing time for the lower mantle only ∼30–60% longer than that of the upper mantle. Therefore neither a strong viscosity contrast nor toroidal mixing significantly affects the relative mixing times of the upper and lower mantle. We conclude that return flow from the lower mantle is of similar (depleted) composition and that the depleted MORB source reservoir constitutes most of the mantle, except for a convectively isolated OIB source region at the base of the mantle.
Ambiguous Transparency: Resumé Fetishism in a Slovak Workshop

Abstract This article considers how curricula vitae (C. V.s) reflect and contribute to the social and political conditions of their production. Working with observations of a 2001 workshop in Slovakia on how to write a new style of C. V. and with the related style of life chronicles from personnel files in socialist Czechoslovakia, I argue that this genre's social effects in different economic orders might arise from how authors couple or decouple the referent of a text to other actors in time and space. One ideology that I observed in the workshop encouraged shifts in notions of evidence. Such shifts, I argue, might be furthering the ideological work of creating new forms of personhood and inequality that underlie Slovakia's ‘transition’ to capitalism. Post-socialist C.V.s and socialist life chronicles appear to rise out of different graphic ideologies that govern how actors see themselves as social subjects.
Oral histoplasmosis as a presenting disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Abstract A 43-year-old homosexual man visited his dentist with painful, nodular, ulcerated lesions on the soft palate, right buccal mucosa, and right posterior maxillary gingiva. Serologic studies for exposure to human immunodeficiency virus, performed before biopsy, were positive. Biopsy of the maxillary gingiva demonstrated sheets of histiocytes containing small intracellular yeasts, which on culture were identified asHistoplasma capsulatum. Bilateral leukoplakic lesions with some vertical furrowing involving the lateral borders of the tongue were also noted. Histologically, hyperkeratosis and fungal hyphae were identified. The patient was treated for histoplasmosis with amphotericin B, which resulted in significant improvement of the oral lesions. He was subsequently hospitalized for fatigue and dyspnea and was found to havePneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Pulmonary status deteriorated within a 3-week period, and the patient died. Autopsy findings were negative for histoplasmosis but positive for necrotizing and cavitaryP. carinii pneumonia, pulmonary and hepatic herpes simplex infections, and pulmonary and intestinal cytomegalovirus infection.
CATfood, a Code Authoring Tool

This paper describes CATfood (Code Authoring Tool), an application created to automatically test example code that is embedded in word processing files.
Estimating the fatigue behavior of welded joints in the VHCF regime

Purpose – The present work aims to deal with a very high cycle fatigue (n=109 cycles) of gas metal arc welded joints, subjected to a multiaxial and non‐proportional loading. Different design codes and recommendations can greatly reduce the analysis effort in the design of welded structures providing a suitable balance between computational accuracy and ease of use for many industrial applications. However, various assumptions have to be made in a conservative way making this approach less accurate. This paper deals with a refined fatigue assessment, which considers the most important aspects for welded joints and provides an accurate lifetime prediction of welded structures.Design/methodology/approach – For an accurate prediction of the total lifetime of welded components the information about the material state and the welding induced residual stresses on weld toes is essential. If the surface condition after welding is poor in this area, which is usually the case, the presence of defects can be assumed ...
Effect of thyroid hormone on protein turnover in cultured cardiac myocytes.

Since systemic actions of thyroid hormone increase cardiac work, direct effects of T3 on myocardial protein turnover may be obscured in the intact animal. For this reason, the effects of T3 on synthesis and degradation of cellular protein were measured in replicate cultures of cardiac myocytes obtained from chick embryos. During the first 3 days of exposure, 10−8 m T3 increased the fractional rate of protein in synthesis 10% to 16% and the fractional rate of cell growth 20% to 40% with no change in protein degradation. During the fourth and fifth days of 10−8 m T3 exposure, fractional synthesis rates in T3 culrures increased 15% to 19% but fractional degradation rates also increased 17% to 29% so that growth rates in T3 cultures fell to control levels. Similar changes in myocardial protein turnover have occurred in response to T3 treatment in intact animals. T3 treatment caused a disporportionately large increase in the rate of myosin heavy chain turnover when compared to total cellular protein and actin. This may be related to the change in amounts of myocardial isomyosins occurring in response to thyroid hormone treatment.
Social Deprivation Enhances VTA Synaptic Plasticity and Drug-Induced Contextual Learning

Drug addiction is driven, in part, by powerful drug-related memories. Deficits in social life, particularly during adolescence, increase addiction vulnerability. Social isolation in rodents has been used extensively to model the effects of deficient social experience, yet its impact on learning and memory processes underlying addiction remains elusive. Here, we show that social isolation of rats during a critical period of adolescence (postnatal days 21-42) enhances long-term potentiation of NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated glutamatergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). This enhancement, which is caused by an increase in metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent Ca(2+) signaling, cannot be reversed by subsequent resocialization. Notably, memories of amphetamine- and ethanol-paired contextual stimuli are acquired faster and, once acquired, amphetamine-associated contextual memory is more resistant to extinction in socially isolated rats. We propose that NMDAR plasticity in the VTA may represent a neural substrate by which early life deficits in social experience increase addiction vulnerability.
Using the Quality Matters Rubric to Improve Online Cataloging Courses

Quality Matters is a program that certifies online and hybrid courses. For a course to earn Quality Matters certification, it must meet eight standards of online course design and pass a rigorous peer-review process. In fall 2008, this author's online Cataloging and Classification course went through the Quality Matters peer-review process and was awarded Quality Matters certification. It is the only cataloging course in the nation to earn this certification. The author's Quality Matters peer-review process is discussed as is the potential of the Quality Matters rubric to improve online cataloging courses.
Remains out of place Race, trauma and nationalism in El Salvador

This article addresses the politics and history of mestizo nationalism and indigenous identity in El Salvador. Guided by Begona Aretxaga's insistence that questions of fantasy, fiction, and the unconscious are critical for understanding cultural and political processes, this article analyzes the alleged disappearance of Indians from the Salvadoran national scene following a 1932 massacre by the state and the complicated dynamics of the return of the Indian in contemporary political movements.
Transanal endoscopic microsurgery-assisted rectal advancement flap is a viable option for iatrogenic rectourethral fistula repair: a case report

Rectourethral fistula (RUF) is a relatively rare complication of radical prostatectomy, but is extremely difficult to treat. Multiple surgical approaches have been described for definitive treatment, but to date none of them have been determined to be the gold standard, either due to a high recurrence rate of the condition or due to the morbidity associated with the procedure. In this case report, we describe a successful repair of iatrogenic RUF through a multidisciplinary approach consisting of cystoscopy, urethral stent placement, colonoscopy, and TEM-assisted rectal advancement flap.
Postoperative irradiation in carcinoma of the prostate

Abstract Twenty-eight patients received postoperative radiotherapy with curative intent following either radical prostatectomy (18 patients) or enucleative prostatectomy (10 patients). In patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, the indications for postoperative radiotherapy included positive margins in 13, "close" margins in 2, and seminal vesicle involvement in 3 patients. The majority of patients (82%) received total dose to the prostaatc bed in excess of 6500 rad. In over 80% of the patients, the pelvic lymphatics are also treated (to a total dose of 4000–5000 rad). Minimum follow-up is one year, maximum is 10 years, average 54 months, median 41 months. Local recurrence was observed in only 1 patient, who was treated post-enucleativn. All of the patients irradiated after radical prostatectomy clinically remained disease-free locally. Approximately one-half of the patients in both the enucleativn and radial prostatectomy groups developed evidence of distant metastases. The complications of treatment have been comparable to those in patients treated with radiotherapy only. The continence status has not been affected significantly. All patients (5 in the radical prostatectomy group and 2 in the enuclentivn group) with incontinence following completion of radiotherapy had documented impairment of continence prior to radiotherapy. Postoperative radiotherapy administered following either radical or enucleative prostatectomy was tolerated well and resulted in excellent local control.
Induction of lactation in rabbits with reserpine.

Summary1. Twenty mature female rabbits were injected subcutaneously with 0.2 mg estradiol daily for 2 or 10 days, followed by a single intravenous injection of 1 mg reserpine/kilo body weight into 10 animals. The other 10 rabbits served as controls. Nine of the 10 reserpine-treated rabbits came into lactation one week later while none of the controls produced milk. Four other rabbits were made pseudopregnant, and 15 days later 2 were injected as above with reserpine and 2 served as controls. Only the 2 reserpine-treated animals came into milk. 2. Macroscopic and histological examination of the mammary glands of reserpine-treated rabbits previously injected with estrogen revealed extensive lobule-alveolar development with secretion in the alveoli, whereas controls injected only with estrogen showed an extension of the duct system with no alveolar growth. 3. It is probable that reserpine induced an increased secretion and/or release of prolactin and perhaps of other hormones favorable to mammary growth and ...
Measuring Injury Risks from Motor Vehicle Crashes with an Integrated Approach

This article applies an integrated approach to an empirical measurement of injury risks to roadway users. This approach estimates exposure with time traveled and integrates injuries of different severity on the KABCO scale using corresponding unit costs. This approach is applied to the United States in 2001 for walking and motoring, using fatal-injury data from the Fatal Analysis Reporting System (FARS), nonfatal injury data from the General Estimate System (GES), and exposure data from the 2001 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS). The results for the most probable case indicate that the average risk is about $2.00 of expected injury costs per hour of exposure for motoring, and $1.69 per hour for walking.
Immunomodulatory Antibody Therapy of Cancer: The Closer, the Better

Immune checkpoint blockade therapies have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects, however, clinical outcomes are variable with only a subgroup of cancer patients achieving durable complete responses. New therapeutic strategies, including local administration of immunomodulatory antibodies, have been considered as better routes for improving the overall efficacy of antibody-based therapy.
Varying initial-link and terminal-link durations in concurrent-chains schedules: a comparison of three models.

Abstract In Experiment 1, pigeons responded on concurrent-chains schedules with equal variable-interval schedules as initial links and fixed delays to food as terminal links. One terminal-link delay was always three times as long as the other. As terminal-link delays increased, response percentages on the key with the shorter terminal link increased according to a curvilinear function. This result supported the predictions of the hyperbolic value-added model and the contextual-choice theory but not delay-reduction theory. In Experiment 2, the terminal links were always delays of 2 s and 12 s, followed by food, and the durations of the initial links varied across conditions. As initial-link durations increased, pigeons’ response percentages on the key with the shorter terminal link decreased, but toward an asymptote greater than 50%, indicating a continued preference for the shorter terminal link with very long initial links. This result was more consistent with the predictions of the hyperbolic-value added model than with those of the contextual-choice model or of delay-reduction theory.
Hemoglobin Levels in Various Degrees of Susceptibility to Spontaneous Tumors

In 1907 (1), Tyzzer clearly emphasized the probable role of heredity in the origin of tumors in mice. The advances made since that time, both in the genetic investigation of the spontaneous tumor and in the study of the transplantable tumor rest largely upon his interest and work. In his 1907 paper, Tyzzer wrote: “Are the races of mice which are susceptible to the inoculable tumors more liable to spontaneous tumors than are the races which are insusceptible? Since heredity is so important a factor in the development of the inoculable tumors, its influence should not be disregarded in the occurrence of spontaneous tumors.” He further emphasized the value of selection in the establishment of uniform strains of mice. Whether the tendency to the frequent development of tumors is based on one general or on various specific “tumor characters” was a question that he considered. “The occurrence of ‘cell rests’ or misplaced tissue,” he states, “may possibly have some relation to the inherited tumor character,” but the tumor character according to Mendel's law cannot be a dominant one. Tyzzer then discussed the possibility of a single recessive character and pointed out the possibility that the development of a tumor may depend upon a combination of several inherited characters, rather than upon the presence of a single character. He thus anticipated the theory of multiple factors which plays such an important role in more recent discussions on the genetic nature of tumor susceptibility. According to Tyzzer, coat color had apparently no influence on tumor incidence, since mice of any color combination may develop spontaneous tumors. Tyzzer's conclusion at that time was to the effect that the results already obtained were not sufficiently numerous to prove or disprove that the development of a tumor is dependent upon the presence of an inherited character; although the data obtained may appear to favor this view. “It seems possible by certain lines of experimental breeding, with the principles of Mendel's law of heredity in mind, to obtain definite results, whether they be positive or negative.”
Precambrian Tectonics Illustrated

Precambrian Tectonics Illustrated is the final report of the Subcommission on Precambrian Structural Type Regions, Commission on Tectonics, International Union of Geological Sciences. According to the preface, its purpose is “…not to produce conceptual papers, but to show how much can be revealed and solved by accurate mapping and painstaking structural analysis and, by omission, to indicate how much still needs to be done.” It “…was originally intended to serve as a good example which students and younger tectonicians would be drawn to emulate…”. Despite some very good individual chapters, I do not believe that these objectives are fully attained.
Problems and solutions for phytoplankton

The Physiological Ecology of Phytoplankton. Studies in Ecology, Vol.7. Edited by I. Morris. Pp.625. ISBN 0-632-00395-2/0-520-04308-1. (Blackwell Scientific/University of California Press: 1981.)£36, $60.
The “Boston” school-choice mechanism: an axiomatic approach

The Boston mechanism is a popular student-placement mechanism in school-choice programs around the world. We provide two characterizations of the Boston mechanism. We introduce two new axioms; favoring higher ranks and rank-respecting invariance. A mechanism is the Boston mechanism for some priority if and only if it favors higher ranks and satisfies consistency, resource monotonicity, and rank-respecting invariance. In environments where each type of object has exactly one unit, as in house allocation, a characterization is given by favoring higher ranks, individual rationality, population monotonicity, and rank-respecting invariance.
Calvarial bone graft harvest in children

Abstract Bone grafts are occasionally required in the reconstruction of bony defects in the pediatric population. Strong recommendations have existed in the past toward the use of principally inner table bone grafts in children. In this retrospective series with an upper age limit of 14 years, outer table calvarial bone grafts were used as the material of choice for bony reconstructions. There were no complications relative to the outer table graft harvest in any of these 12 patients. Discussion of harvest techniques in different pediatric age groups will be reviewed. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;121:78-81.)
Monitoring and predicting the 2007 U.S. drought

[1] Severe droughts developed in the West and Southeast of the U.S. starting early in 2007. The development of the droughts is well monitored and predicted by our model-based Drought Monitoring and Prediction System (DMAPS). Using the North America Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) realtime meteorological forcing and the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model, DMAPS is capable of providing a quantitative assessment of the drought in near realtime. Using seasonal climate forecasts from NCEP's Climate Forecast System (CFS) as one input, DMAPS successfully predicted the evolution of the droughts several months in advance. The realtime monitoring and prediction of drought with the system will provide invaluable information for drought preparation and drought impact assessment at national and local scales.
Thomson Backscattering from a Relativistic Electron Beam as a Diagnostic for Parallel Velocity Spread

Thomson backscattering of C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-laser radiation is used to determine the parallel momentum spread of a 1-kA/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, 700-kV magnetized electron beam, emitted from a cold cathode in an apertured diode. The beam is found to be suitable for Raman free-electron-laser applications: a normalized momentum spread of (0.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.14)% was obtained for the inhomogeneous broadening; it is also found that the use of an undulator will cause an increase of the broadening.
Use of images in commercial and office systems

This paper examines some of the simpler processing techniques that may usefully be performed on bi-level (two-tone) images by a competent commercial applications programmer if a few basic (albeit complex internally) tools are provided. Such processes include storage, indexing, changing resolution, rotating, trimming, and then display and printing. These processes can provide the facilities for an enterprise to incorporate images and image data into its office systems and into its main line-of-business data processing applications.
Seasonal Measurements of Aircraft Noise in a National Park

Jackson Hole Airport is the only air carrier airport located entirely in a National Park, that being Grand Teton. Concerns over noise impacts led to an Airport/Park agreement setting allowable levels, restricting flights and flight paths, and calling for compliance monitoring in the noise sensitive areas. This study documented seven days of continuous noise level measurements made at four sites in the Park during four consecutive seasons in 1985-86. Individual sound exposure level measurements at B-737/200 jets, Swearingen Metro turboprops, and general aviation aircraft permitted computation of “aircraft-only” day/night levels (DNL) at each site for each day. Measurement of half-hourly average sound levels permitted computation of “total” DNL for comparisons. Results showed general compliance with the DNL limits, except when winds necessitated northerly departures, in which case a single B- 737 could cause an exceedance. There were no statistically significant differences in mean aircraft DNL for each sit...
Effects of increased wood energy consumption on carbon storage in forests of the United States

Large but feasible increases that have been projected for the production of wood energy in the United States can be expected to significantly alter the current carbon storage patterns in US forest vegetation. The 1976 net wood increment left after forest cutting equals about 136 × 106 tons of carbon/year, with about 60% of the increment found in merchantable trees, and the remainder in nonmerchantable components.
Nurses' reactions to difficult patients.

The purpose of this study was to determine whom nurses identify as difficult patients and how nurses might react to them emotionally and behaviorally. Participants (N = 73) responded to a self-report questionnaire that contained hypothetical situations involving difficult patients. Frustration and anger were the most common reactions. The traits or behaviors that nurses reported as belonging to the most difficult patients were characteristics that are potentially modifiable. In the majority of cases the nurses' reports of their reactions were classic fight/flight responses.
A Case Study in the Marketing of “Wolf-Friendly” Beef

This study examines an effort in New Mexico to establish a niche within the domestic beef market. The beef was marketed under environmental attributes with the slogan “Wolf-Friendly.” Two environmental groups, Defenders of Wildlife and Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics, endorsed the management practices of the ranch producing the beef. A kick-off event for the “Wolf-Friendly” Beef was held at the Albuquerque Zoo at the onset of the market test. Two retail grocery stores and the zoo participated in a month-long market test. A survey was conducted at the zoo kick-off to determine participants' views on public land use, riparian protection, and predator preservation issues, and consumer willingness to pay for beef products that foster these environmental attributes. Sales and survey data from the market test were analyzed.
Central nervous system mediation of fluoride hyperglycemia in the rat.

Abstract The hyperglycemia which accompanies acute fluoride toxicity in the rat is mediated by epinephrine released from the adrenal medulla. Bilateral splanchnicotomy prevented this response to fluoride. Ganglionic blockade diminished the hyperglycemic response in unanesthetized animals but not in pentobarbital-anesthetized animals. Microinjections of fluoride into the lateral ventricle elicited a rapid hyperglycemia in unanesthetized animals which again was blocked partially by ganglionic blockade. The response to fluoride appears to be mediated primarily by splanchnic impulses arising in the central nervous system.
A plasmid from a virulent strain of Legionella pneumophila is conjugative and confers resistance to ultraviolet light

The presence of a single apparently cryptic plasmid of approximately 36 MDa was demonstrated in the virulent Dodge strain of Legionella pneumophila. ‘Tagging’ of the plasmid with Tn5 enabled transfer to be demonstrated to other strains of Legionella (though not to Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as well as a definitive assessment to be made of its stability. Plasmid carriage confers resistance to UV light probably by means of an error-prone UV repair system. The plasmid is compatible with plasmids of the IncP and IncW incompatibility groups.
Integrating Multiple Control Options Enhances Striga Management and Sorghum Yield on Heavily Infested Soils

Parasitic weed Striga (Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica) poses the greatest threat to sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production in sub-Saharan Africa. Several control options have been attempted but none was most effective when deployed individually. In this study combination of three different Striga control options namely resistant variety, tied-ridge tillage, N fertilizer and their controls (susceptible variety, flat bed plating, and no N fertilizer) were evaluated at two Striga infested locations (Sirinka and Kobo) in Ethiopia in 2002 and 2003. Plots consisted of six 5-m long rows and the experiment was replicated four times. Grain yield, biomass, and 1000-kernel weight were determined. Striga emergence and vigor were recorded four times beginning 15 d after the first Striga plant emerged. Grain yield was 121% higher with the package involving the resistant variety, tied-ridging, and N application compared with the package consisting of the controls. The use of the treatment combination involving resistant variety, tied-ridges, and N fertilizer resulted in yield increases of 11, 42, and 43%, respectively. Striga emergence and vigor were 4 and 63% for the resistant variety and 85 and 100% for the N fertilizer, respectively, compared with the controls. Number of emerged Striga was 152% higher in tie-ridged plots but Striga vigor was not affected. Resistant varieties should serve as central component in all integrated approaches for management of Striga in sorghum.