cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HySOR: group key management with collusion-scalability tradeoffs using a hybrid structuring of receivers

One problem in securing group communication is the scalability of group key management in dynamic multicast sessions. The main challenge arises when a member leaves the multicast session and a rekeying of the group is required to prevent the departing member from accessing the information being multicast after they leave. Recent research developed the logical key hierarchy (LKH) protocol which uses a tree structuring of receivers and requires O(log(n)) rekeying messages when a member leaves. It has also been demonstrated that /spl Omega/(log(n)) is the best one can achieve if strict confidentiality and non-collusion are required. While strict non-collusion is required for some highly sensitive data, we argue that some commercial content delivery applications will be extremely cost sensitive and willing to tolerate some small level of collusion. In this paper we consider the question of how one might trade off the message cost of rekeying with some increased vulnerability to collusion. We consider a range of protocols. In one extreme is LKH which is completely immune from collusion. On the other extreme is a protocol based on the linear ordering of receivers (LORE), which requires O(1) messages for rekeying but in which any two receivers can collude. We describe a scheme using a hybrid structuring of receivers (HySOR) which is tunable between the LKH and LORE extremes and by which one can trade off some vulnerability to collusion for a decrease in rekeying message cost. We provide analytical as wen as simulation results to investigate the performance of HySOR and its tunability along the collusion/scalability spectrum.
Indicators of plant species richness in AVIRIS spectra of a mesic grassland

Abstract Hyperspectral imagery of the Konza Prairie Biological Station in northeastern Kansas was used to evaluate upwelling spectral radiance, prairie spectral reflectance and band ratios of each as potential indicators of vascular plant species richness in a mesic grassland. The extent to which spatial variability in these parameters related to plant species richness also was investigated. A 224 channel hyperspectral data cube acquired in June 2000 by the Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) provided complete coverage of the 400–2500 nm range at approximately 10 nm per channel. After band deletions accounted for detector overlap and strong atmospheric attenuation features, 176 bands were retained for analysis and spanned the 404–2400 nm range. Prairie reflectance was estimated via radiative transfer modeling and scaling to a library spectrum of highway construction material. Data were sampled from pixels having a 19 m ground sample distance (GSD) to represent each of 93 vegetation sampling transects. Reflectance and radiance at mid-infrared wavelengths (e.g., 1553 nm), and band ratios that were based on atmospheric windows in the red, near-infrared and mid-infrared spectra estimated species richness to within 6 to 7 species per transect. The 856 to 780 nm radiance or reflectance ratio yielded maximum adjusted coefficients of determination (r2) of approximately 0.4 in regressions with richness when data from bison-grazed and ungrazed areas were combined. These regressions remained significant (p ≤ 0.001) when only ungrazed areas were assessed although r2 reduced to approximately 0.2. Richness was related significantly also to the 433 to 674 nm reflectance ratio for grazed-plus-ungrazed and ungrazed-only areas. In contrast, the effectiveness of the 433 to 674 nm radiance ratio was reduced by atmospheric backscatter. Species richness did not correlate strongly or consistently with transect spatial variability (coefficient of variation or range) in radiance, reflectance or band ratio value, apparently as a consequence of the relatively small area sampled for each transect (approximately 0.5 ha). Relationships between richness and prairie spectral features were explained by the influence of soil exposure on both parameters. Richness and estimated soil exposure tended to increase from ungrazed lowlands, to ungrazed slopes, to ungrazed uplands to grazed areas. Remotely sensed estimates of soil exposure may be particularly useful in addressing plant species richness on grazed grasslands owing to an overall similarity in spectral reflectance among dominant plant species.
Culture of one-cell hamster embryos with water soluble vitamins: pantothenate stimulates blastocyst production

The effects of water-soluble vitamins, singly or in combinations, on development of hamster 1-cell embryos were examined in a protein-free, chemically defined culture medium, HECM-6. Pantothenate significantly stimulated blastocyst development compared to the vitamin-free control and to every other single vitamin, except thiamine. Ascorbic acid, biotin, choline, folic acid, inositol, niacinamide, pyridoxal, riboflavin and thiamine had no detectable stimulation or inhibition on cleavage stage development or morula/blastocyst formation. When combinations of vitamins were tested, embryo development was either unchanged or significantly greater than in the control, but never significantly greater than development with pantothenate alone. A dose response to pantothenate indicated that 3 micromol/l was the optimum concentration. After embryo transfer, the percentage of live fetuses recovered per 100 1-cell embryos cultured in HECM-6 plus pantothenate (now designated HECM-9) was 24%, significantly higher than the 11% recovered from 100 1-cell embryos cultured in HECM-6 alone. This is the first report to show a stimulatory effect of a single vitamin on in-vitro development of preimplantation embryos in any mammalian species.
The role of attention problems and impulsiveness in media violence effects on aggression

Previous research has established media violence as a causal risk factor for aggressive behavior. Several theoretical mechanisms have been identified to explain this effect. The present study assessed 422 undergraduate students to test the possibility that individual differences in attention problems and impulsiveness can help explain the link between violent media and aggression. Attention problems and impulsiveness proved to be a distinct construct from other processes believed to mediate aggression (aggressive beliefs, aggression related schemata, trait anger, and trait hostility). Attention problems and impulsiveness were uniquely related to both media exposure (total weekly hours and violent content) and aggression. Attention problems and impulsiveness were particularly related to impulsive (as opposed to premeditated) aggression. These results suggest that attention problems and impulsiveness may play an important role in violent media effects on aggression.
The Division of Drosophila Germline Stem Cells and Their Precursors Requires a Specific Cyclin

A fundamental yet essentially unexplored question in stem cell biology is whether the stem cell cycle has specific features. Three B-cyclins in Drosophila, Cyclins (Cyc) A, B, and B3, associate with CDK1 and play partially redundant roles in embryogenic mitosis [1, 2]. Here, we show that the division of Drosophila GSCs and their precursors, the primordial germ cells (PGCs), specifically requires CycB. CycB is ubiquitously expressed in both germline and somatic lineages. However, CycB mutation does not have obvious effect on somatic development but causes PGCs to severely under proliferate. Moreover, both female and male CycB mutant GSCs fail to be maintained properly. Removing Cyclin B specifically from female GSCs causes the same defect, confirming the direct and cell-autonomous function of Cyclin B for GSC division. In contrast, two other G2 cyclins, CycA and CycB3, are also expressed in PGCs and GSCs, but overexpressing CycA cannot rescue the CycB mutant defects. These results indicate that the requirement of CycB for PGC and GSC divisions unlikely reflects the insufficient level of G2 cyclins in the CycB mutant but is in favor of a distinct function of CycB in these cells. Our results indicate that stem cells may use specific cell cycle regulators for their division.
Moving Beyond the Individual Level of Analysis in Mutual Help Group Research: An Ecological Paradigm

An ecological paradigm is proposed to help move mutual help group research beyond the individual level of analysis. Central to the paradigm and the article are the assumptions that mutual help group phenomena occur within and are shaped by a complex, interrelated network of factors that spans multiple variable domains and levels of analysis and that the generation of useful research knowledge depends on asking research questions and using research methodologies that take seriously this reality. Four research areas that implicate multiple variable domains and levels of analysis are discussed: group-level variations and member well-being; member-group fit and member well-being; influence of group, member, and community characteristics on group viability and stability; and group influence on the professional and lay community. To adequately carry out research in these and other research areas, it is argued that researchers will need to routinely obtain data that span multiple variable domains and levels of a...
Ego-control and ego-resiliency: Generalization of self-report scales based on personality descriptions from acquaintances, clinicians, and the self

Abstract Ego-control refers to the inhibition/expression of impulse and ego-resiliency (ER) to the dynamic capacity to contextually modify one’s level of ego-control in response to situational affordances ( Block, J., 1950, 2002 ; Block, J.H., 1951 ; Block & Block, 1980 ). This article investigates the generalization of brief under control (UC) and ER self-report scales across samples, measurement techniques, and data sources, utilizing personality descriptions provided by acquaintances, clinician-interviewers, and the self. Undercontrolled individuals were consistently described as self-dramatizing, unable to delay gratification, unpredictable, assertive, rebellious, moody, and self-indulgent. Overcontrolled individuals were consistently described as bland, consistent, dependable, and calm. Resilient individuals were described as having wide interests and a high aspiration level, assertive, socially poised and skilled, and cheerful; and not self-defeating, emotionally bland, nor lacking personal meaning in life. The definitive characteristics of both constructs were mostly consistent across data source, gender, and ethnicity, although ego-resiliency conformed more reliably with theoretical expectations among females than males, while ego-undercontrol may have more negative implications among Caucasians than other ethnic groups. Overall, the UC and ER self-report scales appear to offer effective, efficient, and accessible means for investigating these constructs.
Cross-Lingual Sense Determination: Can It Work?

This article reports the results of a preliminary analysis of translation equivalents in four languages from different language families, extracted from an on-line parallel corpus of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. The goal of the study is to determine the degree to which translation equivalents for different meanings of a polysemous word in English are lexicalized differently across a variety of languages, and to determine whether this information can be used to structure or create a set of sense distinctions useful in natural language processing applications. A coherence index is computed that measures the tendency for different senses of the same English word to be lexicalized differently, and from this data a clustering algorithm is used to create sense hierarchies.
Seeking opportunities to reduce life cycle impacts of consumer goods-An economy-wide assessment

To quantify the total life cycle environmental impacts of consumption, an economy-wide assessment of goods and services is conducted using the Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) model. This research includes an assessment of total ldquocradle to consumerrdquo impacts of consumption, utilization of US Environmental Protection Agencypsilas Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) in the EIO-LCA model, and the use of new modeling techniques for sectoral contribution analysis and subtotal supply chain impact of tier-1 supplier analysis. The results show that power generation contributes to nearly one fifth of the total embodied energy and greenhouse gas equivalent emissions in manufactured goods; and for the services and other institutions sectors, its contributions are more than one third. Sectoral contribution analyses show that mining is a major contributor of cancer effects for manufactured goods. Displacing mining production through recycling can help reduce life cycle cancer effects of goods. Consumer purchases of waste management services are found to contribute to nearly a quarter of all cancer and non-cancer impacts in the entire economy, signaling the need for producer responsibility policy aimed to reduce toxic materials that eventually enter the waste stream. Subtotal supply chain analysis of packaging materials found that on an energy basis, there exist opportunities to expand the existing applications of deposit-refund programs on beverage containers to other goods. Agencies, companies, and industry groups can use sectoral and supplier contribution analyses to identify opportunities for reducing the life cycle impacts of their products.
A nursing conceptual model for contamination.

PURPOSE: To propose a nursing model of contamination that describes the key features of contamination at a level of abstraction needed for clinical decision making. DATA SOURCES: Relevant literature on contamination, biopreparedness, and classic epidemiologic literature were reviewed and analyzed. DATA SYNTHESIS: A model of contamination was created along with a description of benefits of use in practice, education, and research. DISCUSSION: The nursing profession is called to respond to contamination incidents on a local, national, and global level. Achieving optimum health outcomes while managing contamination incidents is enhanced by nurses' use of a model that incorporates six elements to identify and name instances of contamination and select suitable outcomes and interventions.
Orbital Pollution Control

This paper proposes a method to enhance the well known heat island effect over large cities. This effect causes warm air to circulate as a closed system, under a low inversion layer, over a city, thereby causing the pollutants to remain essentially entrapped, with a constantly increasing concentration. It is therefore suggested that, as a temporary measure (for the next 10–15 years) the application of additional heat content to a small portion of the interior of such a circulating regime might cause a chimney effect, with a resultant breakthrough in the inversion layer: followed either by a complete breakdown of this layer and the subsequent alleviation of heavy concentration doses by natural mixing; or by a ventilating of the city’s airshed through the artificial “chimney”. It is further proposed that the additional heat necessary to generate this corrective measure should come from a source, the operation of which a.) does not cause additional pollution and b.) can easily be utilized over continental expanses. Specifically, the end results of simplified calculations are presented which show that this problem may have a feasible solution by using a very large dirigible mirror, in stationary orbit. This mirror, since it is dirigible, could be directed at various cities during different hours of the day, and thus might represent an economically attractive proposition, for the attainment of this alleviative treatment.
A Defect in DNA Ligase4 Enhances the Frequency of TALEN-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis in Rice

We have established methods for site-directed mutagenesis via transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) in the endogenous rice (Oryza sativa) waxy gene and demonstrated stable inheritance of TALEN-induced somatic mutations to the progeny. To analyze the role of classical nonhomologous end joining (cNHEJ) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (altNHEJ) pathways in TALEN-induced mutagenesis in plant cells, we investigated whether a lack of DNA Ligase4 (Lig4) affects the kinetics of TALEN-induced double-strand break repair in rice cells. Deep-sequencing analysis revealed that the frequency of all types of mutations, namely deletion, insertion, combination of insertion with deletion, and substitution, in lig4 null mutant calli was higher than that in a lig4 heterozygous mutant or the wild type. In addition, the ratio of large deletions (greater than 10 bp) and deletions repaired by microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) to total deletion mutations in lig4 null mutant calli was higher than that in the lig4 heterozygous mutant or wild type. Furthermore, almost all insertions (2 bp or greater) were shown to be processed via copy and paste of one or more regions around the TALENs cleavage site and rejoined via MMEJ regardless of genetic background. Taken together, our findings indicate that the dysfunction of cNHEJ leads to a shift in the repair pathway from cNHEJ to altNHEJ or synthesis-dependent strand annealing.
Ethanol-Induced Taurine Efflux

Taurine is one of the most abundant and versatile amino acids located in the CNS. Taurine has been shown to be an antioxidant1 and to be involved in osmoregulation2,5, calcium modulation6–8 and neurotransmission9. As a neurotransmitter, taurine has been shown to increase chloride ion uptake in a manner similar to GABA10 and is competitively inhibited by muscimol binding11. In addition, taurine enhances benzodiazepine binding to the GABAA receptor12. Taurine has also been shown to inhibit the NMDA receptor13 and is likely to be the endogenous ligand for the glycine receptor in some areas of the brain14. These effects of taurine are similar to the action of ethanol as an agonist at the GABAA and glycine receptors, and an antagonist at the NMDA receptor15–16
Abstracts and Abstracting: A Genre and Set of Skills for the Twenty-First Century

Reading abstracts is part of the usual routine for reference librarians, especially those employed in health sciences and academic settings. The importance of abstracts to knowledge transfer and to the library and information science field is overlooked and deserves review. This book is written to fill a void in recent English-language books on this important subject. Tibor Koltay is a library and information science professor in the Faculty of Applied and Professional Arts, Szent Istvan University, Jaszbereny, Hungary. Koltay approaches the topic of abstracts and abstracting as both a literary genre and a process. The author intends the book for an interdisciplinary audience: professional abstractors, researchers who publish in scholarly journals, linguists, and language arts teachers. Librarians would also benefit from this book, especially those serving scholarly writers, researchers, and the higher education community. Koltay discusses theoretical interdisciplinary underpinnings of abstracting along with chapters on the practical skill and knowledge needed to write good abstracts. Koltay theorizes that there are three types of abstracts: the frequently used informative abstract that summarizes important methods and findings contained in the article, the indicative abstract that describes the content but does not report data in the article, and abstracts that are both indicative and informative. Librarians who love to read theoretical discussions will find much here to keep them absorbed, but the theoretical chapters can be skipped or skimmed to focus on more practical discussions, such as what exactly an abstractor has to know and what the process of writing abstracts is. A discussion of the limitations of author abstracts (those written by the author of a manuscript) versus those of professional abstractors and the connection to information literacy and database searching are among the many useful discussions. Koltay seems familiar with the North American library scene, quoting information literacy standards of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL), and the use of familiar databases such as EBSCOhost's Academic Search Premier. A chapter with examples and discussion is also provided. American readers will need to adjust to British spellings and didactic style, and forge ahead through acronyms that are not always explained or found in the index. After working through these limitations, readers will find that this book contains useful, well-documented knowledge that can be used to help authors write better abstracts and can be used in teaching the scholarly publishing process. The book can be used as a self-help guide to learn the abstracting process and could be used in library and information science courses, but the cost may be prohibitive. This book is recommended for academic libraries, especially those supporting graduate programs and researchers who publish, but is optional for the typical hospital and public library.
Flashing lights, floaters, and reduced vision.

A 62-year-old woman has numerous lobulated, yellowish, choroidal lesions in the left eye, and two similar but smaller lesions in the right eye. What is the cause?
An Early Theory of Contingency in Leibniz

My discussion has four parts. In section 1, I reconstruct Leibniz’s early position on freedom and show how various problems motivated significant changes in Leibniz’s views over a short period of time. In section two, I outline a series of notes by Leibniz entitled “De Libertate a Necessitate in Eligendo,” where Leibniz develops a rudimentary theory of contingency that resembles the infinite analysis theory developed around 1686. In section three, I consider some reasons for why Leibniz dropped the “Eligendo” view. In section four, I look at the link that Leibniz develops between an infinite series of reasons and indemonstrability and suggest how the rudimentary theory of “Eligendo” eventually became the infinite analysis theory of contingency.
On the external integration of Dalian shipping industry with multi-economy circles overlapped

External integration has become the global trend of the port and shipping.With several economy circles overlapped,Dalian port and shipping industry faces not only complex competitive environment,but also considerable opportunities which may lead to cooperation under the processes of regional economy integrations.Facing competition and cooperation,the Dalian shipping industry should choose external integration as its strategy.
Laboratory detection of 5 continuous food poisoning cases due to pathogenic vibrio

Objective:To understand and analyze the bacterial pollution situation of food poisoning,so as to provide the basis for hygiene supervision and monitoring.Methods: All links of the food poisoning cases were sampled,such as sterilization container,food,the remaining patients vomit and diarrhea,and total bacterial count,coliform bacteria and potential pathogenic bacteria in these samples were determined.Results: In 25 food samples,19 samples were positive for Vibrio parahaemolyticus,unheated halogen products were found vibrio metschnikovii and Vibrio parahaemolyticus,and heated bittern dish were only found vibrio metschnikovii,all the samples were not detected other pathogenic bacteria.Conclusion: In five cases of food poisoning,one was caused by mixed pollution of Vibrio metschnikovii and Vibrio parahaemolyticus,the remaining four were induced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Food poisoning events did not happen by chance,the relevant departments should strengthen the sanitary supervision and technical guidance,reduce the food poisoning incident.
Effects of styrene,benzene,methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene at low concentrations on the semen quality of exposed workers in an ethylene factory of a petrification enterprise

Objective To learn the effects of long-term exposure of styrene,benzene,methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene at low concentrations on the semen quality of the exposed male workers in an ethylene factory of a petrification enterprise. Methods Fifty-three male workers directly exposed to styrene,benzene,methylbenzene,and dimethylbenzene in the ethylene factory of a petrochemical enterprise were assigned to the exposed group,while 61 male workers from a harbor enterprise who were not exposed to contaminants of benzene series were assigned to the control group.The concentrations of styrene,benzene,methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene in the working environment and the workers' sera were detected,and their effects on the quality,DNA damage and oxidative stress of the semen of the male workers were assessed. Results Styrene,benzene,methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene were identified as the main pollutants of the ethylene factory of the petrification enterprise.They were present at low concentrations(0.68~3.99mg/m3)in the working environment and were detected in some of the workers in the exposed group but not in the controls.Compared with the control group,the proportion of the workers with abnormal semen liquefaction time(30min)and the average seminal plasma 8-OHdG level were significantly higher in the exposed group(P0.05),and the sperm survival rate,motility and sperm DNA head/tail percentage in the exposed group were statistically lower(P0.05).Linear correlations were found between concentrations of styrene,benzene,methylbenzene,dimethylbenzene and semen liquefaction time,sperm motility and seminal plasma 8-OHdG level,with correlation coefficients of 0.82~0.94(all P0.05). ConclusionsLong-term exposure of styrene,benzene,methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene at low concentrations in the working environment may impair the semen quality of the male workers.
Anemia in adolescence. 1. Disturbances of iron balance

The primary cause of anemia in adolescents is negative iron balance. This is primarily due to menstrual iron loss in females and growth demands plus borderline diets in males. Normal blood indexes for this age group are proposed. Low values cannot be attributed to simple iron deficiency without a thorough search for occult blood loss or other underlying illness.
Critical Thickness for Antiferroelectricity in PbZrO 3

Ferroelectrics and antiferroelectrics appear to have just the opposite behavior upon scaling down. Below a critical thickness of just a few nanometers the ferroelectric phase breaks into nanodomains that mimic electric properties of antiferroelectrics very closely. On the other hand, antiferroelectric thin films were found to transition from the antiferroelectric behavior to a ferroelectric one under certain growth conditions. At present, the origin of such a transition is controversial. Here, we use accurate first-principles-based finite-temperature simulations to predict the existence of a critical thickness for antiferroelectricity in the most celebrated antiferroelectric, ${\mathrm{PbZrO}}_{3}$. The origin of this effect is traced to the intrinsic surface contribution that has been previously overlooked. The existence of a critical thickness below which the antiferroelectric phase is replaced with a ferroelectric one not only complements the discovery of a critical thickness for ferroelectricity, but also suggests that ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity are just two opposite manifestations of the same phenomenon: the material's tendency to develop a long-range order. Nanoscaling offers the opportunity to manipulate this order.
Quantitative Tracking of Combinatorially Engineered Populations with Multiplexed Binary Assemblies.

Advances in synthetic biology and genomics have enabled full-scale genome engineering efforts on laboratory time scales. However, the absence of sufficient approaches for mapping engineered genomes at system-wide scales onto performance has limited the adoption of more sophisticated algorithms for engineering complex biological systems. Here we report on the development and application of a robust approach to quantitatively map combinatorially engineered populations at scales up to several dozen target sites. This approach works by assembling genome engineered sites with cell-specific barcodes into a format compatible with high-throughput sequencing technologies. This approach, called barcoded-TRACE (bTRACE) was applied to assess E. coli populations engineered by recursive multiplex recombineering across both 6-target sites and 31-target sites. The 31-target library was then tracked throughout growth selections in the presence and absence of isopentenol (a potential next-generation biofuel). We also use t...
Assessment of new in-bin drying and storage technology for soybean seed

On-farm, in-bin drying and storage of soybean in environments with unconditioned air often result in repeated drying and rewetting of the grains which may have adverse effects on quality metrics; i...
Nutrient Deficiencies Are Common Prior to Bariatric Surgery

Obesity, defined as a body mass index >30 kg/m2, is a growing worldwide epidemic currently effecting 1 in 10 adults, with rates as high as 40% in the United States. The only proven long-term treatment of severe obesity on a population level is surgical modification of the gastrointestinal anatomy to induce weight loss, termed bariatric surgery. With adequate physician guidance and appropriate candidate criteria, bariatric surgery is an option for effective long-term treatment of obesity and its related comorbidities. Complications of bariatric surgery can be seen in patients who are not compliant to the recommended lifestyle and dietary changes required following bariatric surgery, including nausea, vomiting, dumping syndrome, acid reflux, and nutrition deficiencies. Despite caloric density, the diet of patients prior to bariatric surgery is often of poor nutrition quality and does not meet recommended dietary guidelines for micronutrient intake, making this an at-risk population for micronutrient malnutrition. Currently, improvements are needed in standardization of nutrition assessment as well as micronutrient cutoffs for deficiency and insufficiency. In the meantime, utilizing our current tools to conduct nutrition assessment at baseline and implement supplementation where necessary may improve the nutrition status of patients undergoing bariatric surgery, both before and after surgery, which may improve their surgical outcomes.
Adaptive Internal Model Control Schemes

In the last two chapters, we have studied internal model control schemes and parameter estimators as two separate entities. Chapter 3 dealt with the internal model control of stable plants with known parameters while in Chapter 4 we developed on-line parameter estimation techniques for estimating the unknown parameters of a given plant. In this chapter, our main objective is to design internal model controllers for stable plants with unknown parameters. The intuitively obvious way of achieving such an objective is to design an on-line parameter estimator for estimating the unknown plant parameters as in Chapter 4, and then to use the techniques of Chapter 3 to design an internal model controller based on these parameter estimates. This approach of treating the estimated parameters as the true ones, and basing the control design on them is referred to in the adaptive literature as Certainty Equivalence. Although the estimated parameters in a certainty equivalence scheme rarely converge to the true values, nevertheless research in adaptive control theory over the last two decades has shown that many designs based on the certainty equivalence approach can be proven to be stable [19, 31, 32], Unfortunately, adaptive internal model control (AIMC) schemes were not included in this category, presumably because they arose in the context of industrial applications and consequently did not attract much attention from the theoreticians. Indeed, the literature on Adaptive Internal Model Control is replete with simulations and empirical studies showing the efficacy of certainty equivalence based adaptive internal model control schemes but hardly any instance exists where theoretical guarantees of stability and/or performance were obtained [40, 39]. Thus an important aspect of our treatment in this chapter will be the provable guarantees of stability, performance, etc. provided by the AIMC schemes to be designed.
The Deuteromycetes: (The Fungi Imperfecti)

There are thousands of septate fungi which reproduce only by means of conidia and are not known to have any sexual stages. They cannot be classified along with the other fungi which are grouped according to sexual characteristics. Consequently, an artificial class, the Deuteromycetes, was organized. This group and all taxonomic subdivisions of it are called forms. Thus, there is the form-class Deuteromycetes with form-orders, form-families, and so forth (see also Chapter 15).
The effect of bone marrow graft composition on pediatric bone marrow transplantation outcomes.

Hematopoietic stem cell graft cellular composition has been generally accepted to impact outcomes. Recent studies question this hypothesis. We conducted a single-center retrospective study of sixty-one pediatric BMT recipients for malignant (68%) and nonmalignant diseases (32%) examining effects of graft composition on engraftment, acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, and survival at day 100 and 1 year. Grafts contained a median of 3.63 x 08 TNC/kg (range: 0.031-10.31 x 108 TNC/kg) and 4.09 x 106 CD34+ /kg (range: 0.76-24.15 x 106 CD34+ /kg) with median neutrophil and platelet engraftment times of 17 and 29 days, respectively. A univariate analysis showed a trend for increasing TNC and increasing time to neutrophil engraftment HR: 0.875; CI: 0.075-1.001). Increasing CD34+ counts shortened time to platelet engraftment (HR: 1.085; CI: 1.015-1.161). No significant relationship was found between TNC, CD34+ , or CD3+ and acute or chronic GVHD. TNC or CD34+ did not affect day 100, 1-year survival, or 2-year survival. Increasing CD3+ counts demonstrated a negative trend on day 100 survival (HR: 1.108; CI: 1.001-1.036) but not 1-year survival or 2-year survival. These results add additional data questioning the effect of graft composition on outcomes in pediatric BMT patients with important ramifications for the management of donors.
Evidence for Bipedal Prosauropods as the Likely Eubrontes Track-Makers

The tridactyl ichnotaxon Eubrontes giganteus commonly has been attributed to a carnivorous theropod dinosaur similar to Dilophosaurus or Liliensternus. For this to be correct, however, at least fiv...
Exploring the Feasibility of Diegetic User Interfaces in Immersive Virtual Exhibitions within the Cultural Heritage

In the last few years, modern immersive technology has been used to exploit new digital resources overcoming the limitations of conventional exhibitions proving to be an invaluable instrument capable of bridging the gap between the visitor and the cultural space. However, to promote visitor enjoyment and to enhance the learning process in relation to the cultural heritage, it is fundamental to propose the cultural data to the visitor in an appropriate way through interfaces that help to focus the visitor's attention on the work of art in question. With this aim, new graphical user interfaces should be designed, following a diegetic approach and so providing a more natural and immersive environment to the user. Inspired by the gaming industry, in which the diegetic transformation of graphical user interfaces has already been introduced, in this paper, we will analyze the opportunities offered by the diegetic approach and will evaluate its relevance to the cultural domain. We will highlight the issues related to the applicability of diegetic user interfaces to an immersive virtual exhibition by discussing the different types of cultural data that can be proposed to a visitor and how that should be fictionally integrated into the scene.
Divergent roles of Plexin D1 in cancer.

Abstract Plexin D1 belongs to a family of transmembrane proteins called plexins. It was characterized as a receptor for semaphorins and is known to be essential for axonal guidance and vascular patterning. Mutations in Plexin D1 have been implicated in pathologic conditions such as truncus arteriosus and Mobius syndrome. Emerging data show that expression of Plexin D1 is deregulated in several cancers; it can support tumor development by aiding in tumor metastasis and EMT; and conversely, it can act as a dependence receptor and stimulate cell death in the absence of its canonical ligand, semaphorin 3E. The role of Plexin D1 in tumor development and progression is thereby garnering research interest for its potential as a biomarker and as a therapeutic target. In this review, we describe its discovery, structure, mutations, role(s) in cancer, and therapeutic potential.
ESA 2010 Chapter 22 Satellite Accounts

This chapter of the new European guidelines on national accounting (ESA 2010) describes and discusses satellite accounts. Satellite accounts elaborate or modify the tables and accounts in the central framework of the national accounts to serve specific data needs. The major characteristics of satellite accounts are discussed. Furthermore, nine different satellite accounts are described briefly: agricultural accounts, environmental accounts, health accounts, household production accounts, labour accounts and social accounting matrices, productivity and growth accounts, R&D accounts, social protection accounts and tourism accounts.
Empirical Measure of a Markov Chain

In this chapter we develop the large deviation theory for the empirical measure of a Markov chain, thus generalizing Sanov’s theorem from Chap. 3. The ideas developed here are useful in other contexts, such as proving sample path large deviation properties of processes with multiple time scales as described in Sect. 7.3.
Moving Beyond a Culture of Niceness in Faculty Hiring to Advance Racial Equity

This study applies cultural historical activity theory to examine the experiences of 17 professors at a religiously affiliated private university who participated in a 10-month, inquiry-based inter...
RESEARCH: The European Social ModelL Cconstruct: An Examination In Light Of The Flexurity Goal

The concept of a European Social Model, though commonly employed, masks the considerable degree of variation across the nations of Western Europe in the provision of welfare, worker protective legislation, and associated rigidities in labor markets. Although the European Union’s emphasis on “flexicurity” would promote a greater degree of uniformity in the labor market institutions of Europe, the contention of this paper is that substantial differences remain, and that the construct of a European Social Model is inaccurate and potentially misleading. Differences across nations are examined by employing World Bank data on impediments to doing business around the world.
Online Market Place for Bilevel EV Charging Control for Urban Community Park and Charge Lots

Increased penetration of electric vehicles imposes a new challenge on the electric distribution systems. This work proposes a unique platform to charge electric vehicles while the consumer is at work. During day time, neighborhoods near the city-center (commercial area) would have lower power consumption. If these houses are equipped with solar PVs, the power from solar PVs can be used to charge the EVs. The proposed platform uses these neighborhoods with EV chargers as potential parking / charging spaces for the consumers who travel by car from neighborhoods which are located far away from the city center. This work proposes an online marketplace where the neighborhood's near the city center would serve as the service providers and the EVs serve as the consumers. A bi-level optimal decision tool is proposed in this work to ensure that the societal surplus is maximized. The first level determines the optimal EV charging load that can be connected at each parking lot and the second level determines the optimal parking location for each EV consumer that would minimize the distance from the workplace and the cost of charging/parking. A modified water-filling algorithm is used in this work. Finally IEEE 37 node test feeder is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed online marketplace based community level EV charging model.
Thermal Effect of Cold Fluid Injection on Fracture Integrity of Host Rock: A Microscale Analysis of Single Asperity

Abstract When relatively cold fluid is injected to hot host rock featured with fractures, the fluid-rock temperature difference induces cooling of the self-propping fractures and could cause the failure of the asperity. Although fracture sustainability has been extensively studied, little research has focused on thermal effects on asperity failure. A finite-element analysis is conducted to investigate the effect of fluid-rock temperature differences on the asperity failure. In the analysis, rock mechanical properties are coupled with the temperature and stress states of the host rock. The thermally-induced tensile cracks initiate at the junction of asperity and rock matrix and also start at rim of contact tip at higher temperature difference. When the temperature difference is high enough to propagate tensile cracks, two groups of tensile cracks would coalesce and lead to asperity failure. The critical threshold to initiate two groups of tensile cracks is identified in this study. This asperity failure could also result in the closure of fractures and change the fracture network distribution in the rock. Further, the comparison with fracture wall with no asperity addresses the effect of the asperity on the growth pattern of secondary thermal cracks.
Employment and Earnings for Federal Government Economists: Empirical Evidence by Gender and Race

We contribute to the literature on diversity in the economics profession, which has mostly focused on academia, by providing a first look at the employment and earnings of federal government economists by gender and race. Combining micro-level data on federal workers with information on their earnings in federal and private sector jobs, we examine the share of federal government economists by race and gender, earnings differences by race and gender, and whether earning gaps differ during their federal government tenure.
Out in the Cold? Women Filmmakers in Iceland

As is the case worldwide, women are a great minority in the Icelandic film industry. This chapter provides statistical information about women’s contributions to Icelandic filmmaking, and as a response to the texts available at this point in time on Icelandic films and film history, it takes the first step in documenting women’s role in the country’s film history—what could be termed a “herstory” of Icelandic filmmaking. Finally, views and experiences of women filmmakers are explored, as well as efforts made to encourage and support girls and women in filmmaking, both on an institutional level and through grassroots initiatives.
As She Was Saying: The Role of Gender and Narratives in Oral Argument Amicus Success

Attorney success at oral arguments is related to compliance with gender norms, subtle expectations about how men and women should speak and act in a host of contexts. While oral arguments are typic...
Implementation and Usage of Telemedicine in General Pediatrics During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Problem: With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many public health measures were put into place todecrease the spread of the illness Initiation of these recommendations resulted in the shutting down of manybusinesses and the large majority of the public wanting confine at home Our community noted an increase inpatient anxiety about coming into clinic for in-person visits which led to decreased clinic productivity anddecreased access to care, as telehealth services were not currently being offered by the general pediatricsdepartment Goal: Our general pediatrics clinics rapidly initiated the use of telehealth services via phone and avideo telecommunication platform in order to increase access to care for our patients and promote continuedclinical productivity Our goal was to increase telehealth services to account for at least 25% of total visits overa 6-week period Interventions: Telehealth was initiated institution wide after the state of Texas providedrelaxed restrictions on services An initial email was provided by Texas Tech Physicians regardingimplementation of telehealth services and was complete with “cheat sheets” for using these services Our department also created generic email accounts for each clinic to aid in the scheduling of visits Our residentclinic was also included and the residents were provided with a specific lecture regarding workflow oftelehealth visits One general pediatrics clinic also advertised the new services through a generic phonemessage and scheduled a meeting with nurses and patient service specialists to address questions andworkflow regarding telehealth The number of telehealth visits by provider and clinic were measured weekly Results: After initiation of telehealth, all clinics showed an uptake of this service All but one providerparticipated in the use of telehealth The percentage of total telehealth visits across all clinics peaked at 7 8%the week of 4/6/2020 and then plateaued The single largest percentage of telehealth visits reached was 12 9the week of 4/6 by the Pavilion clinic For the resident clinic, there was an increased use in services after theirlecture on telehealth Continued intervention showed sustaining telehealth visit numbers Conclusions: Whilewe were able to quickly initiate telehealth at all of our clinics, the percentage of telehealth visits only reached7 8% of total The advertisement of services did not appear to help with patient access as the number of visitsscheduled slightly decreased the week the phone message was sent Creation of the generic email helped withease in scheduling visits There still appears to be some barriers to implementation and usage of telehealthservices Continued investigation can look at telehealth use between insurance types and patient location aswell as attitudes of patients regarding this service
Randomized error removal for online spread estimation in data streaming

Measuring flow spread in real time from large, high-rate data streams has numerous practical applications, where a data stream is modeled as a sequence of data items from different flows and the sp...