cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combined approach for large-scale pattern recognition with translational, rotational, and scaling invariances

Translational, rotational, and scaling invariant (TRSI) pattern recognition is a third-order problem encountered frequently in real-world applications. But neither traditional image processing/pattern recognition algorithms nor artificial neural networks have yet provided satisfactory solutions for this problem after years of study. Recent research has shown that a higher-order neural network (HONN), of order three with built-in invariances, can effectively achieve TRSI pattern recognition. For an N X N image, the memory needed to store the connections is proportional to N6. This huge memory requirement limits the HONNs application to large-scale images. To solve this problem the authors first adapt edge detection and log-spiral mapping algorithms to preprocess the image so that the problem is converted into a second-order one. This reduces the HONN memory requirement to O(N4). Second, the authors modified the second-order HONN architecture to further reduce the memory size to O(N2). Synthetic and real images with resolution 256 X 256 have been used for simulation. The training samples are noise free, and the testing samples are rotated, translated, scaled, or noise-corrupted versions of the training patterns. Simulation results show that this system can indeed achieve TRSI pattern classification. In addition, its high robustness to noise and pattern deformation makes it very useful for real-world applications.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Older Women's Perceptions of Dairy Foods

Abstract Focus group discussions were conducted with 24 educated, non-Hispanic white women (ages 65-89 years). Women were independently living and resided in retirement communities in Virginia. Discussion questions addressed preferences for dairy foods, advantages and disadvantages of dairy foods, and ideas for product improvements. Discussions were audiotaped, and written transcripts were made for use in data analysis in which predominant themes were identified. The women thought dairy foods were high in fat. Most knew that dairy foods were a source of calcium, but were unable to identify other nutrients. The women discussed the benefits of calcium in relation to osteoporosis; however, many used calcium supplements. Physicians had a strong influence on dairy food choices and supplement use.
Real-time image processing system based on an ASIC and area image sensor

In this paper we present a new hardware design of an image processing system by using a dedicated image processor. The system consists of an integrated 2D convolver which performs a 2D convolution between the pixels present within a video window and a set of stored coefficients which are programmable. Two area sensors are used for color image acquisition and applications. Specialized memories (dual-port static RAM and SyncFIFO), have been used between the host machine (IBM AT) and the video A/D converter (VADC) respectively. The system is very flexible in the sense that the supporting logic can be programmed even in the midst of their operation, thus analyzing images in real-time. Some characteristics of the systems are: (1) a 3 X 3 convolution of a 512 X 512 8-bit image is carried out in 1.88 sec, (2) clock speed of up to 40 MHz is possible, (3) number of allowed cascaded processors is 16. The design is a partial solution to the image processing applications.
Full spectral imaging: a revisited approach to remote sensing

Current optical remote sensing instrument technology allows the acquisition and digitization of all of the reflected energy (light) across the full spectral range of interest. The current method for acquiring, transmitting, and processing this data is still based on the "multi-band" approach that has been used for the past thirty years. This approach was required due to limitations imposed by early instrument technology. This paper will present generalized concepts for acquiring, pre-processing, transmitting, and extracting information from full-spectral, remotely sensed data. The goal of the paper is to propose methods for changing from the current "bytes-per-band" approach to the "spectral curve" approach. The paper will describe how the Full Spectral Imaging (FSI) approach has the potential to greatly simplify instrument characterization and calibration and to significantly reduce data transmission and storage requirements. I will suggest how these improvements may be accomplished with no loss of remotely sensed information.
A Putative Prokaryote Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channel with Only One 6TM Motif per Subunit

Abstract Until now, voltage-gated Ca2+ channel proteins have been found only in eukaryotes. Here we report that a gene recently discovered in the eubacterium Bacillus halodurans codes for a protein closely related to eukaryotic Ca2+ channels, but that has only one 6-transmembrane-segement (6TM) motif, instead of four, in its pore-forming subunit. This is supported by the comparison of consensus sequences, which, along with the patterns of residue conservation, indicates a similar structure in the membrane to voltage-gated K+ channels. From this we hypothesize that Ca2+ channels originally evolved in bacteria, and that the specific eubacteria protein highlighted here is an ideal candidate for structure determination efforts.
The Effects of Non-Invasive Radiofrequency Treatment and Hyperthermia on Malignant and Nonmalignant Cells

Background: Exposure of biological subjects to electromagnetic fields with a high frequency is associated with temperature elevation. In our recent studies, we reported that non-invasive radiofrequency (RF) treatment at 13.56 MHz with the field ranging from 1 KeV to 20 KeV/m2 inhibits tumor progression in animals with abdominal tumor xenografts and enhances the anticancer effect of chemotherapy. The RF treatment was followed by temperature elevation in tumors to approximately 46 °C during 10 min of exposure. In contrast, the temperature of normal tissues remained within a normal range at approximately 37 °C. Whether all biological effects of RF treatment are limited to its hyperthermic property remains unclear. Here, we compared how RF and hyperthermia (HT) treatments change the proliferation rate, oxygen consumption and autophagy in malignant and nonmalignant cells. Methods: In the current study, cancer and nonmalignant cells of pancreatic origin were exposed to the RF field or to conventional HT at 46 °C, which was chosen based on our previous in vivo studies of the tumor-specific RF-induced hyperthermia. Results: Only RF treatment caused declines in cancer cell viability and proliferation. RF treatment also affected mitochondrial function in cancer cells more than HT treatment did and, unlike HT treatment, was followed by the elevation of autophagosomes in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. Importantly, the effects of RF treatment were negligible in nonmalignant cells. Conclusion: The obtained data indicate that the effects of RF treatment are specific to cancer cells and are not limited to its hyperthermic property.
Transient analysis of a viscoelastic torsion pendulum

The transient torsion pendulum of arbitrary cross section is analyzed as a device for obtaining physical properties of a viscoelastic material. The damped sinusoidal motion yields a damping factor and frequency from which the complex modulus is computed. The particular cases of circular and rectangular cross section are considered with tables and approximations simplifying the practical application of the method.
Cortical reorganization following modified constraint-induced movement therapy : A study of 4 patients with chronic stroke

Abstract Szaflarski JP, Page SJ, Kissela BM, Lee J-H, Levine P, Strakowski SM. Cortical reorganization following modified constraint-induced movement therapy: a study of 4 patients with chronic stroke. Objective To determine whether cortical changes occur following participation in a program of modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT). Design Pre-post, case series. Setting Outpatient rehabilitation hospital. Participants Two men and 2 women with unilateral stroke occurring more than 1 year prior to study entry and moderate stable motor deficits. Intervention Subjects participated in mCIMT, comprised of structured, 30-minute therapy sessions emphasizing affected arm use in valued activities, which occurred 3 days a week for 10 weeks. Their unaffected arms were restrained 5 days a week for 5 hours. Main Outcome Measures The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), upper-extremity portion of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Motor Activity Log (MAL), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 4T were administered before and after mCIMT. Results Three subjects exhibited score increases on the MAL, ARAT, and FMA, representing increased affected arm use, impairment, and function. These subjects reported new ability to perform valued activities with the affected hand, such as writing. These subjects also displayed cortical reorganization on fMRI. One subject exhibited minimal affected arm use changes, modest function changes, and no cortical fMRI changes. Conclusions Increased affected arm use during mCIMT appears to induce cortical reorganization, as measured by fMRI. In patients who responded to mCIMT, cortical reorganization was positively related to degree of increase in affected arm use and ability. Because mCIMT is more easily administered than longer duration protocols, mCIMT may be a more practicable way of studying plasticity.
Concentration of DNA solutions by extraction with 2-butanol

Abstract A simple, efficient way to concentrate dilute solutions of DNA is given. This procedure is rapid, the DNA is quantitatively recovered, and there is no change in the single- or double-stranded molecular weight of the DNA.
Fractional Flow Approach to Saturation Overshoot

Saturation overshoot is observed for 1D vertical infiltrations (liquid replacing gas) in many porous media. Aspects of these infiltrations are often described using the Richards equation, which assumes that the gas viscosity is negligible compared to the liquid viscosity. Here, we develop a multi-phase, fractional flow approach to describe the physics behind the displacement front that includes the viscosity of the gas. We show that an overshoot profile will draw in gas behind the overshoot tip. We compare the fractional flow solution to the Richards equation solution and to experimental data, and show that the air viscosity plays an observable role when the infiltrating flux is greater than 50% of the saturated conductivity.
Charge dynamics in the Kondo insulator Ce3Bi4Pt3

We report the reflectivity and optical conductivity of the Kondo insulator Ce3Bi4Pt3. For temperatures less than 100 K, depletion of the conductivity below about 300 cm−1 signifies the development of a charge gap. The temperature dependence of the disappearance of the spectral weight scales with the quenching of the Ce 4f moments.
New model of general systems theory

A new model of general systems theory has been introduced to keep the advantage and remove the disadvantage of previous models. A categorical method is introduced to study the system problems.
Cosmic-ray spectra at spherical termination shocks

We discuss the nature of the steady-state spectra of particles accelerated at stationary spherical shocks, such as the solar wind termination shock. In addition to the two well-know spectral regions characterized by a power-law momentum dependence and a high-energy cutoff, a new region can be identified. This consists of an enhancement of the cosmic-ray intensity (or a " bump") just below the cutoff. Similar features have been seen previously in multidimensional models and cosmic-ray modified shocks, where they were explained by acceleration and drift in the latitudinal direction along the shock face and decreasing effective shock compression ratio, respectively. We show that a similar bump may be obtained in a purely spherically symmetric geometry with no drifts, and that this effect may also have contributed to the previous results. We attribute this effect to increased shock acceleration efficiency at certain energies. We also demonstrate that a one-dimensional planar shock with a reflecting wall upstream can give a similar effect. We conclude that care is necessary in interpreting observed bumps in any given situation.
AH-64 aviator impressions of IHADSS HMD flight in Operation Iraqi Freedom

As part of a 2003 survey during Operation Iraqi Freedom, forty AH-64 Apache aviators were interviewed regarding their experience using the AH-64’s monocular helmet-mounted display (HMD). Participants represented a total of 8564 flight hours and 2260 combat hours in the OIF theatre of operation. The interview consisted of 12 questions that addressed previously identified potential problem areas (e.g., maintaining full field-of-view [FOV], combiner breakage, and sensor slew rate) and requested participant opinion on the best and worst features of the IHADSS, day versus night use of the IHADSS, and the acceptance of a hypothetical binocular IHADSS design. Participants expressed a desire for a larger FOV; emphasized the impact of poor helmet fit on ability to achieve and maintain a full FOV; decried the overall performance of the current FLIR sensors; and reported that the current slew rates for the PNVS and TADS are slower than desired (worse for TADS), necessitating compensation in normal head movement rates.
Retention time optimization for eDRAM in 22nm tri-gate CMOS technology

A high performance eDRAM technology has been developed on a high-performance and low-power 22nm tri-gate CMOS SoC technology. By applying noise reduction circuit techniques and extensive device and design co-optimization on eDRAM bitcell and critical circuits, over 100μs retention time at 95°C has been achieved for a Gbit eDRAM with robust manufacturing yield.
The biological functions of glutathione revisited in arabidopsis transgenic plants with altered glutathione levels.

A functional analysis of the role of glutathione in protecting plants from environmental stress was undertaken by studying Arabidopsis that had been genetically modified to have altered glutathione levels. The steady-state glutathione concentration in Arabidopsis plants was modified by expressing the cDNA for γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (GSH1) in both the sense and antisense orientation. The resulting plants had glutathione levels that ranged between 3% and 200% of the level in wild-type plants. Arabidopsis plants with low glutathione levels were hypersensitive to Cd due to the limited capacity of these plants to make phytochelatins. Plants with the lowest levels of reduced glutathione (10% of wild type) were sensitive to as little as 5 μm Cd, whereas those with 50% wild-type levels required higher Cd concentrations to inhibit growth. Elevating glutathione levels did not increase metal resistance. It is interesting that the plants with low glutathione levels were also less able to accumulate anthocyanins supporting a role for glutathione S-transferases for anthocyanin formation or for the vacuolar localization and therefore accumulation of these compounds. Plants with less than 5% of wild-type glutathione levels were smaller and more sensitive to environmental stress but otherwise grew normally.
Auxin action on growth in intact plants: Threshold turgor is regulated

The guillotine thermocouple psychrometer allows auxin action on cell enlargement to be investigated in intact plants. Because the technique measures all the physical parameters affecting enlargement in the same plants, close comparisons can be made of the changes brought about by this growth regulator. In etiolated seedlings of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), auxin was supplied endogenously by the intact plant or was depleted by removing the apical portion of the stem. We observed that, when stem growth was rapid in the intact plant, the water potential of the growing region was lower than in the nongrowing region but, as growth slowed during auxin depletion, the water potential rose until it became essentially the same as in the nongrowing region. This indicated that gradients in water potential had been induced by the demand for water during rapid growth but had decreased as growth decreased in the auxin-depleted cells. The turgor appeared to rise slightly as growth slowed which is in the wrong direction to account for the growth change unless compensating changes occurred in wall properties and/or synthesis. As growth ceased in the auxin-depleted tissue, the threshold turgor rose until it became nearly the same as the cell turgor, which indicates that auxin affected this wall parameter. The osmotic potential increased slightly, probably because of a dilution of the cell contents by the residual growth occurring after the stem apex (and cotyledons) had been removed. The hydraulic conductance for water was unaffected by auxin status whether it was measured in the whole enlarging region or in individual cortical cells from the region. It was concluded that auxin acts mainly on the metabolism of the cell walls manifested by the change in growth rate and threshold turgor. The other changes were passive responses to the changed growth rate.
Developing an efficient clinical information system for a comprehensive psychiatric institute: I. Principles, design, and organization

The principles, design considerations, and components of a clinical information system intended to support and enhance the patient care, educational, and research missions of a comprehensive psychiatric institute are presented. Major characteristics of the system are its emphases on efficiency, simplicity, and intensive user involvement throughout the development of the system.
Improving compliance among women with abnormal papanicolaou smears

Objective: To determine whether a clinic-based intervention, consisting of motivational brochures and a tracking system, increases adherence to recommendations for treatment in women with abnormal Papanicolaou smears. Methods: Three pairs of clinics–two family planning clinics, two family practice clinics, and two dysplasia clinics—were randomized within pairs either to provide the intervention or to maintain usual contact procedures with women having abnormal Papanicolaou smears. Baseline adherence rates were assessed through chart review during 3 randomly selected months of the previous year. Intervention clinics received the tracking system and motivational brochures, which were sent to women on notification of their cervical abnormalities. Comparison clinics also used the tracking system but did not include the brochures when notifying women of their abnormalities. Adherence rates were assessed prospectively for approximately 100 consecutive nonpregnant women with abnormal Papanicolaou smears (inflammatory benign atypia, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I, II, or III) at each clinic. Results: Within clinics, baseline adherence rates ranged from 34–69% for atypia and 33–88% for dysplasia. For dysplasia patients, the overall analysis indicated a significant increase in adherence for the intervention clinics (P = .03); however, for atypia patients, the observed difference was not statistically significant (P = .23). Extensive analyses of the data from family planning clinics indicated that women receiving the intervention were more likely to obtain follow-up treatment (odds ratio [OR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval 1.15–5.85). There was a suggestion that the intervention could have a greater effect among African-American women (OR 15.7) compared with white women (OR 1.8) (P = .09). White women, those with dysplasia, nonsmokers, and nulliparas were most likely to adhere to treatment recommendations. Conclusion: A motivational brochure can enhance adherence to treatment recommendations among women with abnormal Papanicolaou smears. Future studies should focus on techniques for enhancing adherence among more resistant participants.
Production of Methanol and Isobutyl Alcohol Mixtures over Double-Bed Cesium-Promoted Cu/ZnO/Cr2O3 and ZnO/Cr2O3 Catalysts

Utilization of a Cs-promoted Cu/ZnO/Cr2O3 catalyst as a first low-temperature bed and a Cs-promoted ZnO/Cr2O3 catalyst as a second high-temperature bed significantly promoted the productivity of 2-methyl-1-propanol (isobutyl alcohol) from H2/CO synthesis gas mixtures. While the conversion of CO to C2+ oxygenates over the double-bed configuration was comparable to that observed over the single Cu-based catalyst, major changes in the product distribution occurred by the coupling to the zinc chromite catalyst; i.e., the productivity of the C1−C3 alcohols decreased dramatically and 2-methyl-branched alcohols were selectively formed. The desirable methanol/2-methyl oxygenates molar ratios close to 1 were obtained in the present double-bed system that provide the feedstock for the synthesis of high octane and high cetane ethers.
On the scientific basis for global warming scenarios

Abstract The scientific basis for current projections of significant warming due to enhanced minor greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is reviewed. Care is taken to distinguish the issue of changes in radiative forcing at the earth's surface from the issue of the climatic response to this forcing. With respect to the former, it is noted that the predicted forcing is, in fact, small (2 W m−2 at the surface for a doubling of CO2, or less than 1% of the absorbed solar flux). With respect to the latter, it is noted that predictions of significant warming are dependent on the presence of large positive feedbacks serving to amplify the response. The largest of these feedbacks in current models involves water vapor at upper levels in the troposphere. This feedback appears to be largely a model artifact, and evidence is presented that models may even have the wrong sign for this feedback. The possibility is examined that the response of climate to major volcanic eruptions may provide a test of the climate system's amplification. The basis for this possibility is the fact that the response delay of the ocean-atmosphere system is proportional to the system gain.
Some Observations on Geobotanical Remote Sensing and Mineral Prospecting

RESUMECe document discute des methodes de teledetection geobotanique qui peuvent actuellement etre appliquees a la recherche des mineraux et des hydrocarbures. Apres un expose theorique destine a nous faire mieux comprendre les principes de fonctionnement de cette methodologie, les auteurs examinent le role de la teledetection geobotanique dans le processus decisionnel des travaux de prospection ou d'exploration. Ce type de teledetection represente souvent une importante source de donnees ‘supplementaire’ en prospection. En outre, la methodologie presentee dans ce document est compatible avec les techniques de prospection ou d'exploration actuellement en usage. Les auteurs mettent aussi en evidence l'utilite du traitement par ordinateur des donnees et des images numeriques produites par les satellites. Ils distinguent des etapes precises dans l'application de cette technique aux travaux de prospection. Les geobotanistes et adeptes de la teledetection trouveront egalement en annexe une abondante bibliographie.
Selection of antimicrobial agents for routine testing in a clinical microbiology laboratory

Each clinical microbiology laboratory must establish its own standard battery of antimicrobial agents to be tested routinely on clinical isolates of various organism groups. Some choices are based upon the intrinsic activities of antimicrobial agents for a particular group of organisms, for example, agents primarily active against either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. For final selection of limited batteries of agents for routine testing, however, it is necessary to use additional criteria based upon physician prescribing patterns and the availability of antimicrobial agents in a particular institution. A fundamental principle in the selection process should be routine testing and reporting of those antimicrobial agents that physicians actually use, that is, the institution's formulary agents. Testing of the most appropriate drugs for an institution may be complicated by lack of availability of some antimicrobial agents among the standard panels offered by automated instrument or commercial test system manufacturers. The laboratory should develop its final test batteries in consultation with the infectious disease and pharmacy services and the pharmacy and therapeutics and infection-control committees of the medical staff. These choices should not be made based upon the most convenient selection of drugs from the laboratory's perspective or based upon pharmaceutical industry promotional efforts.
Bound-state effects in Υ-->γ+ resonance

Abstract We study the effect of b- b bound state dynamics on the amplitude for the reaction ϒ→γ+ resonance. We argue from our results that the recently discovered ζ (8320) must have a scalar, rather than a pseudoscalar, coupling to the b quark.
Multi‐element array signal reconstruction with adaptive least‐squares algorithms

Two versions of the adaptive least-squares algorithm are presented for combining signals from multiple feeds placed in the focal plane of a mechanical antenna whose reflector surface is distorted due to various deformations. Coherent signal combining techniques based on the adaptive least-squares algorithm are examined for nearly optimally and adaptively combining the outputs of the feeds. The performance of the two versions is evaluated by simulations. It is demonstrated for the example considered that both of the adaptive least-squares algorithms are capable of offsetting most of the loss in the antenna gain incurred due to reflector surface deformations.
How does person identity recognition help multi-person tracking?

We address the problem of multi-person tracking in a complex scene from a single camera. Although tracklet-association methods have shown impressive results in several challenging datasets, discriminability of the appearance model remains a limitation. Inspired by the work of person identity recognition, we obtain discriminative appearance-based affinity models by a novel framework to incorporate the merits of person identity recognition, which help multi-person tracking performance. During off-line learning, a small set of local image descriptors is selected to be used in on-line learned appearances-based affinity models effectively and efficiently. Given short but reliable track-lets generated by frame-to-frame association of detection responses, we identify them as query tracklets and gallery tracklets. For each gallery tracklet, a target-specific appearance model is learned from the on-line training samples collected by spatio-temporal constraints. Both gallery tracklets and query tracklets are fed into hierarchical association framework to obtain final tracking results. We evaluate our proposed system on several public datasets and show significant improvements in terms of tracking evaluation metrics.
A pilot respiratory health assessment of nail technicians: symptoms, lung function, and airway inflammation.

Background Recent surveys suggest nail technicians, particularly artificial nail applicators, have increased respiratory symptoms and asthma risk. Methods We examined lung function (n = 62) and a marker of airway inflammation, i.e., exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) (n = 43), in a subset of nail technician and control participants in a pilot health assessment. Results Bivariate analysis of technicians demonstrated that job latency was inversely correlated with FEV1 percent predicted (FEV1PP) (r = −0.34, P = 0.03) and FVCPP (r = −0.32, P = 0.05). Acrylic gel contact hours were inversely correlated with FEV1PP (r = −0.38, P = 0.02) and FVCPP (r = −0.47, P = 0.003). Current smoking was inversely and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with ENO in bivariate analysis. Log 10 ENO levels were directly correlated with job latency (P = 0.012) and gel nail application (P = 0.026) in multivariable analyses. Conclusions These positive pilot respiratory test results warrant additional future investigation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:868–875, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Patients Who Share Transparent Visit Notes With Others: Characteristics, Risks, and Benefits

Background: Inviting patients to read their primary care visit notes may improve communication and help them engage more actively in their health care. Little is known about how patients will use the opportunity to share their visit notes with family members or caregivers, or what the benefits might be. Objective: Our goal was to evaluate the characteristics of patients who reported sharing their visit notes during the course of the study, including their views on associated benefits and risks. Methods: The OpenNotes study invited patients to access their primary care providers’ visit notes in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Washington. Pre- and post-intervention surveys assessed patient demographics, standardized measures of patient-doctor communication, sharing of visit notes with others during the study, and specific health behaviors reflecting the potential benefits and risks of offering patients easy access to their visit notes. Results: More than half (55.43%, 2503/4516) of the participants who reported viewing at least one visit note would like the option of letting family members or friends have their own Web access to their visit notes, and 21.70% (980/4516) reported sharing their visit notes with someone during the study year. Men, and those retired or unable to work, were significantly more likely to share visit notes, and those sharing were neither more nor less concerned about their privacy than were non-sharers. Compared to participants who did not share clinic notes, those who shared were more likely to report taking better care of themselves and taking their medications as prescribed, after adjustment for age, gender, employment status, and study site. Conclusions: One in five OpenNotes patients shared a visit note with someone, and those sharing Web access to their visit notes reported better adherence to self-care and medications. As health information technology systems increase patients’ ability to access their medical records, facilitating access to caregivers may improve perceived health behaviors and outcomes. [J Med Internet Res 2014;16(11):e247]
EFFECT OF PHOTOTHERAPY FOR NEONATAL JAUNDICE ON RIBOFLAVIN DEPENDENT ENZYMES, GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY (G6PD) AND REDUCED GLUTATHIONE (GSH) CONTENT OF BLOOD

For the past 5 years we have been doing serial determinations of the activity of the flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD) dependent enzyme, glutathione reductase (GR) in RBC's of babies undergoing phototherapy. Activity, following in vitro exposure to↑FAD, is also measured(method of Glatzle). More than 20% increase is evidence of riboflavin deficiency. A summary of data collected in our nurseries from 1971-73 is given below. Similar data have been collected since. No evidence of phototherapy related deficiency has yet been found in these 5 years. Similarly there has been no evidence of treatment related decrease in G6PD activity or GSH blood content. However low GSH levels are not infrequently found in small sick babies regardless of Rx. Beginning studies of a second FAD dependendent enzyme, methemoglobin reductase(MR) are showing similar results, except that MR activity in contrast to that of GR is lower in newborn RBC than in adult. Occasional instances of slightly lower activity following onset of Rx have all reversed themselves before cessation of Rx. These data differ from those of Gromisch et.al. perhaps because of differences in maternal nutrition.
Interaction of rabbit spermatozoa and serum complement components.

Unheated rabbit and human sera were found to induce acrosomal loss in rabbit spermatozoa, while similar concentrations of heated sera did not. In addition, human serum did not induce acrosomal loss when pretreated with antiserum to complement component C8, suggesting that acrosomal loss in unheated serum is caused by the membrane attack complex of complement. Human serum complement anaphylatoxins did not induce acrosomal loss, although they are known to induce exocytosis of secretory granules in other cell types. When incubated directly in human or rabbit sera, rabbit spermatozoa fixed complement; i.e., reduced the potential hemolytic activity of the sera. Fixation was suppressed by adding EGTA to reduce free calcium. This indicates that rabbit spermatozoa fix complement by initiating the classical pathway to complement activation. Initiation requires the presence of cell-bound immunoglobulins and the subsequent binding of complement component C1q. Immunoglobulins were detected in detergent extracts of washed ejaculated spermatozoa by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay, and the binding of 125 I-human C1q was detected on samples of living ejaculated spermatozoa. Seminal plasma was found to inhibit complement-induced hemolysis of erythrocytes. These results suggest that, in the absence of seminal plasma, spermatozoa may activate complement where it is present in the male or female tract.
Large-Scale Dispersion of Clusters of Particles in the Atmosphere.

Abstract The characteristics of the relative particle displacement tensor, the correlation functions, and spectra of the relative particle velocities at 200-, 500- and 850-mb levels are investigated. It is found that similarity and stability exist for the autocorrelation functions as well as the power spectra at various levels, which indicate that a quasi-stationary process exists in the large-scale relative diffusion in the atmosphere. The high frequency portion of the power spectra of both the zonal and meridional components of the relative velocities is found to be more or less proportional to k−8; the relative meridional velocity shows a maximum at the low frequency end. The low frequency portion of the cross spectra of the zonal and meridional relative velocities at 850 mb shows an opposite transfer to that at 200 mb. The mean square of the relative zonal displacement at a level is found to be about twice that of the relative meridional displacement at that level. It is also found that anisotropy exi...
High-order subharmonically pumped mixers using phased local oscillators

A high-order subharmonically pumped mixer architecture that utilizes multiple pairs of antiparallel diodes is described. A key component of the mixer architecture is a K-way power-divider/phase shifter that divides the local oscillator (LO) to multiple ports with equal magnitude and prescribed phase shifts. Undesired mixing products are eliminated through phase cancellation by symmetry rather than relying on intermediate idler circuits. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, an eighth-order mixer is implemented based on this approach and has shown a measured conversion loss of 8 dB at 8 GHz. The mixer architecture is suitable for applications in the millimeter and submillimeter-wave regions where high-frequency LOs are difficult to implement.
A tool to enhance medical care, communication, and patients' understanding of high-resolution anoscopy.

To the Editor—In response to increasing rates of invasive anal cancer among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [1], the most recent HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America primary care guidelines for management HIV recommend screening for anal cancer precursor using an anal cytology test [2]. A growing number of institutions have implemented screening programs modeled on procedures used in cervical cancer [1]. The equivalent screening procedure to cervical colposcopy is called high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) [3]. HRA is technically more challenging than colposcopy due to the uneven topography and collapsing nature of the anal canal [3]. There is variability in how HRA providers position the patient and document the location of visualized lesions, and little standardization of medical record documentation of HRA findings [4]. Consequently, referring physicians and patients frequently gain little understanding of the nature of findings and goals of the HRA procedure. We report a figure that has been designed and used at the University California, San Diego, Owen Clinic since March 2012. It illustrates the principal landmarks of the anal canal 3-dimensionally. The purpose of this graphical tool is to complement individual documentation practices and standardize nomenclature of HRA findings regardless of the position of the patient while undergoing HRA. In our institution, the HRA graphic is incorporated into the clinical notes of our electronic medical record system; it is thus available to any physician involved in the care of a patient who had a prior HRA. In Figure ​Figure1,1, we show an HRA graphic with findings of a patient in the left lateral decubitus position. The lesions identified are documented with respect to their relative position in the anal canal, and narrative descriptions are included at the bottom of the HRA graphic. The HRA graphic facilitates rapid review of prior documented lesions as well as their location. This tool complements 2-dimensional photographic images that may be captured in freestanding image management software. Finally, HRA providers can show the graphic to their patients and explain clearly concepts related to anal pathology including the types of lesions visualized, their locations, clinical significance, and their management implications. We believe this graphic offers a valuable adjunct that enhances documentation, care, and communication. Figure 1. High-resolution anoscopy schematic findings. Graphics such as this could help to standardize communication between medical providers and patients, and could be used in clinical research for documentation of HRA findings during screening for anal cancer precursors. Permission to copy this illustration for educational, research, and nonprofit purposes, without fee and without a written agreement, is granted provided that the following copyright notice is included: Copyright 2012. The Regents of the University of California. Commercial Rights Reserved.
The indigenous dynamic in Taiwan's postwar development : the religious and historical roots of entrepreneurship

As in previous editions, this highly practical book is written with beginning MPA students and practitioners in mind. It focuses on the interpretation and use of research findings, not just number crunching. It covers the entire research process, from initial questions to final report, in clear, jargon-free language, and includes numerous easy-to-understand examples and exercises that provide opportunities for concrete applications of the concepts. It is solidly grounded in public administration and recognizes both the promise and limitations of research within a political environment.
A built-in loopback test methodology for RF transceiver circuits using embedded sensor circuits

Testing of on-chip RF and microwave circuits has always been a challenge for test engineers. Since the emergence of systems-on-a-chip (SoCs), characterization and test development for SoCs has become a significant part of the RF IC manufacturing cost. In this paper, we propose a RF built-in-test methodology using on-chip sensors. Instead of measuring the device performance metrics (not possible for embedded RF circuits), the sensor output values (low frequency or DC) are used to estimate the performance metrics of the embedded device under test (DUT). The method has high coverage of defective DUTs for low-yielding processes. An algorithm for optimal placement of sensors on internal transceiver nodes is presented and two test cases are discussed. In this paper, we use the sensor outputs to obtain an estimate of the specification values of the system and the individual modules. Using this method, test specification values can be estimated with very high accuracy.
A comparative analysis of phenylpropanoid metabolism, N utilization, and carbon partitioning in fast- and slow-growing Populus hybrid clones

The biosynthetic costs of phenylpropanoid-derived condensed tannins (CTs) and phenolic glycosides (PGs) are substantial. However, despite reports of negative correlations between leaf phenolic content and growth of Populus, it remains unclear whether or how foliar biosynthesis of CT/PG interferes with tree growth. A comparison was made of carbon partitioning and N content in developmentally staged leaves, stems, and roots of two closely related Populus hybrid genotypes. The genotypes were selected as two of the most phytochemically divergent from a series of seven previously analysed clones that exhibit a range of height growth rates and foliar amino acid, CT, and PG concentrations. The objective was to analyse the relationship between leaf phenolic content and plant growth, using whole-plant carbon partitioning and N distribution data from the two divergent clones. Total N as a percentage of tissue dry mass was comparatively low, and CT and PG accrual comparatively high in leaves of the slow-growing clone. Phenylpropanoid accrual and N content were comparatively high in stems of the slow-growing clone. Carbon partitioning within phenylpropanoid and carbohydrate networks in developing stems differed sharply between clones. The results did not support the idea that foliar production of phenylpropanoid defence chemicals was the primary cause of reduced plant growth in the slow-growing clone. The findings are discussed in the context of metabolic mechanism(s) which may contribute to reduced N delivery from roots to leaves, thereby compromising tree growth and promoting leaf phenolic accrual in the slow-growing clone.
Gestational Iron Deficiency Is Associated with Pica Behaviors in Adolescents

A relation between pica (the craving and purposive consumption of nonfood items) during pregnancy and anemia is observed frequently. However, few studies related pica behaviors to biomarkers of iron status, and little is known about pica prevalence in U.S. pregnant adolescents. To address this, we undertook a longitudinal study examining iron status and pica behaviors among a group of 158 pregnant adolescents (aged ≤18 y). Approximately two-thirds of the participants were African American and 25% were Hispanic. Maternal iron status indicators [hemoglobin, soluble transferrin receptor, serum ferritin (SF), total body iron (TBI), and serum hepcidin] were assessed during pregnancy (18.5-37.3 wk) and at delivery. Pica behavior was assessed up to 3 times across gestation. Among the 158 adolescents, 46% reported engaging in pica behavior. Substances ingested included ice (37%), starches (8%), powders (4%), and soap (3%). During pregnancy, mean SF [geometric mean: 13.6 μg/L (95% CI: 11.0, 17.0 μg/L)], TBI (mean ± SD: 2.5 ± 4.2 mg/kg), and hepcidin [geometric mean: 19.1 μg/L (95% CI: 16.3, 22.2 μg/L)] concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the pica group (n = 72) than values observed among the non-pica group [SF, geometric mean: 21.1 μg/L (95% CI: 18.0, 25.0 μg/L); TBI, mean ± SD: 4.3 ± 3.5 mg/kg; hepcidin, geometric mean: 27.1 μg/L (95%: 23.1, 32.1 μg/L); n = 86]. Although additional studies must address the etiology of these relations, this practice should be screened for, given its association with low iron status and because many of the substances ingested may be harmful. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01019902.
The postnatal development of corticotrigeminal projections in the cat

The postnatal development of corticotrigeminal projections was studied in kittens following 3H-amino acid injections into the face area of the primary somatosensory cortex. Corticofugal axons grow into the brainstem and form the pyramidal tract prenatally. Corticotrigeminal projections begin to develop at the end of the first postnatal week. The earliest corticotrigeminal axons grow out of the pyramidal tract caudally and project into laminae III–V of the spinal trigeminal (Vs) nucleus caudalis. During the second postnatal week, corticotrigeminal axons grow out of the pyramidal tract in a caudal to rostral sequence and project up to the ventromedial borders of Vs-interpolaris, Vs-oralis, and to the principal trigeminal nucleus. Corticotrigeminal axons pause at the periphery of these nuclei for 1–2 days before penetrating the trigeminal neuropil and forming terminal arborizations in a centripetal direction. Coincident with the development of cortical projections to the principal trigeminal nucleus, some of the labeled axons which were in lamina III of Vs-caudalis project into lamina I and terminate. This sequence of development of corticotrigeminal projections closely parallels, albeit at a later time, the sequence of formation of the trigeminal nuclei, suggesting that the temporal sequence of cytogenesis of trigeminal neurons may be a factor which regulates their order of innervation by afferents. Corticotrigeminal projections develop bilaterally and, during the second postnatal week, are relatively equal in density in the ipsilateral and contralateral nuclei. Many of the ipsilateral corticotrigeminal projections are lost, however, after the second postnatal week, so that by the fourth postnatal week, corticotrigeminal projections are mainly contralateral and adultlike in their distribution. It remains to be determined whether the transience of ipsilateral corticotrigeminal projections is due to selective elimination of axon collaterals or to neuronal death.
Porcine Muscle Properties. A. Alteration of Glycolysis by Artificially Induced Changes in Ambient Temperature

SUMMARY Relatively mild preslaughter temperature treatments, involving warm air, cold air, and cold air with an ice-water spray, were administered, singly and in various combinations, to simulate extremes in environmental conditions and fluctuations. Cold-air treatment improved mean 24-hr color-structure scores and expressible-juice ratios, although a few animals responded adversely to this treatment given singly. Improvement in these parameters was the most significant and consistent in the muscles of pigs subjected to a change from a warm-air to cold-air environment. Rate of pH decline was significantly slower (P <.05) in muscles of pigs from groups involving warm-to-cold treatments than in control animals. Although glycogen and lactic acid levels at death were altered by treatment, glycogen levels were decreased the most by the warm-to-cold treatments. These improvements resulting from a change in environment from warm to cold, were observed even though the treatments were not severe enough to cause a decrease in muscle temperature. Thus, a sudden change from a warm-air to a cold-air ante-mortem temperature, even when of short duration and not severe enough to reduce muscle temperature at death to levels below normal, altered the post-mortem glycolytic rate and associated properties of porcine muscle, and improved meat quality.
An Inverse Formulation With Boundary Elements

A mathematical formulation for the solution of inverse problems pertaining to the identification of flaw shapes and the reconstruction of boundary conditions in a continua is described
SIRIUS-T, a symmetrically illuminated ICF tritium production facility

A scoping study of a symmetrically illuminating inertial confinement fusion (ICF) tritium production facility utilizing a KrF laser is presented. A single-shell ICF target is illuminated by 92 beams symmetrically distributed around a spherical cavity filled with xenon gas at 1.0 torr. The driver energy and target gain are taken to be 2 MJ and 50, respectively, for the optimistic case, and 1 MJ and 100, respectively, for the conservative case. Based on a graphite dry wall evaporation rate of 0.1 cm/yr for a 100-MJ yield, a cavity radius of 3.5 m for a repetition rate of 10 Hz and 3.0 m for 5 Hz is estimated. A spherical structural frame capable of supporting 92 blanket modules, each with a beam port in the center, has been scoped out. The authors have selected liquid lithium in vanadium structure as the primary breeding concept, utilizing beryllium as a neutron multiplier. A tritium breeding ratio of 1.83 can be achieved in the 3-m radius cavity, which at 10 Hz and an availability of 75% provides an annual tritium surplus of 32.6 kg. Assuming 100% debt financing over a 30-yr reactor lifetime, the production cost of T/sub 2/ for the 2-MJ driver case is $7325/g for a 5% interest rate, and $12370/g for a 10% interest rate. >