cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multimedia supercomputing: the use of supercomputers to drive high-performance multimedia systems and virtual environments

Summary form only given, as follows. The author describes a project underway at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) to merge multimedia capability with large-scale parallel supercomputing. He describes the IBM SP parallel system currently installed at ANL and the project to extend its capability with ATM networks and video processor hardware/software, in order to provide scientific computing users with state-of-the-art multimedia capability. We are developing ways that video and audio can be used to augment traditional scientific visualization, including ideas for multimedia I/O libraries that will enable existing programs to directly produce video output for visualization and/or debugging. The author also describes work to develop a collaborative virtual environment based upon linking the CAVE virtual reality environment, via high-performance networking, to the IBM SP and connecting this system to similar facilities at the Electronic Visualization Laboratory at UIC and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at UIC. These linked virtual environments will be used for collaborative scientific visualization and experiments in the development of high-end collaborative tools. >
Characterization of the Azorhizobium sesbaniae ORS571 genomic locus encoding NADPH-glutamate synthase.

Sixteen independent Azorhizobium sesbaniae ORS571 vector insertion (Vi) mutants defective in ammonium assimilation (Asm-) were selected; genomic DNA sequences flanking the insertion endpoints were cloned directly. Resulting recombinant plasmids were used to identify, by hybridization, corresponding wild-type DNA sequences from an A. sesbaniae lambda EMBL3 genomic library (lambda Asm phages). All 16 Asm- Vi mutants physically mapped to a single genomic locus. Plasmid subclones of recombinant phage lambda Asm152 were able to complement both Escherichia coli gltB and A. sesbaniae Asm- Vi mutants; NADPH-glutamate synthase activity was detected in all such strains complemented to Asm+. Heterologous and homologous complementations required both A. sesbaniae gltA+ and (inferred) gltB+ genes. Eleven A. sesbaniae Asm- Vi mutants mapped to a 4-kilobase-pair (kbp) DNA region that exhibited homology with Bacillus subtilis gltA+. In E. coli maxicell labeling experiments, this 4-kbp DNA region encoded a 165-kilodalton polypeptide that was inferred to be the product of the A. sesbaniae gltA+ gene (glutaminase NADPH-dependent L-glutamate synthase subunit). Site-directed Tn5-lacZ mutagenesis of a glt plasmid subclone identified a region that bisected this locus into (at least) two cistrons. Because the remaining five A. sesbaniae Asm- mutants mapped to a 1.5-kbp region adjacent to gltA+, these mutants probably define a single gltB+ gene (glutamate dehydrogenase NADPH-dependent L-glutamate synthase subunit); this region did not exhibit homology with the B. subtilis gltB+ gene. Images
364 PHAEMACOKINETIC EVALUATION OF TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETH-OXAZOLE(TMP-SMX) IN PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS(CF)

364 PHAEMACOKINETIC EVALUATION OF TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETH-OXAZOLE(TMP-SMX) IN PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS(CF)
Cultural Influences on Managerial Choice: An Empirical Study of Employee Benefit Plans in the United States

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of culture on the provision of employee benefits. Cultural influences have been investigated from a variety of perspectives, but not in the context of pension and welfare benefits. Using unique data, this study analyzes the level of coverage of employee benefits in the United States. Results indicate that culture does have an effect on the provision of these benefits.
Surgery, hyperfractionated craniospinal irradiation, and adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of supratentorial embryonal neuroepithelial neoplasms in children

Abstract Supratentorial embryonal neuroepithelial tumors are undifferentiated neoplasms. We have used this term in preference to the controversial classification primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET). These lesions in children are malignant neoplasms which are usually fatal within 2 years of diagnosis in spite of therapy with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. We have adopted an aggressive approach to the treatment of these tumors with surgical resection, hyperfractionated craniospinal irradiation of 30.6–43.9 Gy followed by a tumor boost to a total dose of 50–63.7 Gy, and adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and cis-platinum. We have treated five children, aged 4–18 years, with this approach. In contrast to the results reported in the literature, four children are alive without evidence of tumor from 4.3 to 8.0 years following diagnosis. One has suffered a tumor relapse at 2.3 years following diagnosis but remains alive. The basis of our therapeutic strategy for childhood supratentorial embryonal neuroepithelial tumors and the implications of our clinical results are discussed.
Selection of internal standards for quantitative analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry

The selection of an appropriate internal standard (IS) for quantification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry is critical for the successful application of quantitative MALDI. Selection of the IS depends on the chemical similarity of the analyte and IS and the mass separation of the analyte and IS as a function of instrumental peak resolution. For the quantification of bovine insulin, a series of internal standards including horse heart cytochrome C, bovine insulin chain B, des-pentapeptide human insulin, and des-octapeptide porcine insulin was investigated. Des-pentapeptide human insulin was found to be the most appropriate internal standard (relative standard deviation of the standard curve slope = 2.99%, correlation coefficient = 0.988 in the range of 0.5-0.4 μmol/L). Two methods for measuring of the MALDI signal intensity were evaluated, direct peak integration following subtraction of a linear background and non-linear least squares curve fitting. The results obtained with these methods were equivalent.
Steroid structural requirements for mammary gland differentiation in vitro.

The structural characteristics of the steroid molecule required for mammary gland differentiation in vitro have been studied. For moderate activity at 3 ×10-7M, the 4-pregnen nucleus must have the following substituents: 1) a keto group at position 20; and 2) 11β-ol or 21- ol. It is not known whether the 3-keto group is required for activity. For high activity at 3 × 10-7M, in addition to a keto group at position 20, the requirements include an a-hydroxyl group at position 17 or an aldehyde group at 18, and either 11β-ol or 11-one. Introduction of an 11α-ol group into Reichstein’s S, e.g., 11α-hydrocortisone, obliterates the activity of the parent compound. Reduction of the Δ4 double bond of 11β- hydrocortisone to the 5β-dihydro form abolishes all activity, although a small amount of activity is retained in the 5α-dihydro form. The results obtained are consistent with the possibility that both aldosterone and corticosterone are involved in mouse mammary gland differentiation in vivo. (Endocrinology 80: 11...
Analysis of thermal properties of polymeric biomaterials. I. Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene

The effects of sample size and heating and cooling rates on thermal transitions of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were investigated. The thermal parameters were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). While heating rates and sample size had strong effects on thermal properties, the influences of cooling rates were minor. For DSC, broad melting transitions were obtained at faster heating and/or slower cooling rates and larger sample sizes. Higher melting temperatures were obtained when heating rates and sample size were increased. Slower cooling rates also produced higher melting and crystallization temperatures. Faster cooling rates yielded lower heats of fusion during melting and also lower heats of crystallization. The dependence of peak melting and crystallization temperatures on the heating and cooling rates are illustrated by two empirical formulas. For TGA, it is found that faster heating rates and larger sample sizes produced higher decomposition temperatures. This detailed analysis may explain the large variations in the reported data on thermal properties and crystallinity of UHMWPE and provide solutions to the current clinical problems associated with polymeric biomaterials.
Effects of cytochalasin B on mammalian melanocytes and keratinocytes.

A study was carried out on the in vitro effects cytochalasin B on melanocytes and keratinocytes obtained from guinea pig skin. Observations of cell cultures made with time-lapse cinematography and electron microscopy show that cytochalasin produces marked changes in cell morphology. After-addition at this drug, the edges of the keratinocytes retract and ruffling of the cell membrane ceases. Melanocytes shrink in diameter but maintain contact with the keratinocytes. In keratinocytes, the band of 30–70 A microfilaments just beneath the cell membrane is replaced by masses of granular and short filamentous material. Microtubules and bundles of 60–110 A filaments dispersed throughout the keratinocyte are unaffected. In cytochalasin-treated melanocytes a band of 30–70 A microfilaments just beneath the cell membrane is also replaced by granular and filamentous material. Pigment donation from melanocytes to keratinocytes is not observed. The effects of cytochalasin are reversible. These results show that there is a correlation between the integrity of the microfilament systems and the maintenance of morphology and movement of the melanocytes and keratinocytes.
The Image of the Past and Economic Backwardness

Many underdeveloped countries have been increasingly demonstrating a strong sentiment of nationalism. This sentiment has found expression in, among other ways, glorification of past traditions and idealization of qualities in the native culture. Such romanticism, if it produces a solidarity and purposeful singlemindedness, can prove expedient for mobilizing social forces necessary to lead to economic change. However, in the process of buttressing national pride and consciousness and in programming for economic development, traditional values and some institutions of the predevelopment phase will be useful only if they are retained in general form. Thus, the Meiji revolution of Japan was successful in romanticizing some of the spirit of old Japan (Bushido) but, at the same time, it adopted the concrete substance of western institutions, which prepared the transformation of the Japanese economy into a developing system. But, if national romanticism is such that it leads to sterile and slavish imitation of a...
Caregiver strain: toward an enlarged perspective.

This article attempts to broaden the conceptual perspective of caregiver strain by developing a generalized perspective that focuses on the demands and resources of caregiving. By extension, the pe...
A Review of Research on School Bullying Among African American Youth: An Ecological Systems Analysis

School bullying and peer victimization are social problems that affect African American youth across various environmental contexts. Regrettably, many of the empirical research on bullying and peer victimization among African American youth has examined individual and direct level influences in silos rather than a constellation of factors occurring in multiple settings, such as home, school, and neighborhood. As a holistic model, the social–ecological framework provides a context with which to situate and interpret findings and draw implications from a broader psychosocial framework, which can be applicable across various systems. We utilize Bronfenbrenner’s (American Psychologist 32:513–531, 1977) social–ecological framework as a springboard for investigating the accumulation of risk contributors and the presences of protective factors in relation to school bullying and peer victimization of African American youth. More specifically, we examine the risk and protective factors occurring in the micro- (i.e., parents, peers, school, and community), exo- (i.e., parental stress), and macrosystem levels (i.e., hypermasculinity, and gender role beliefs and stereotypes). We then discuss implications for research and school-based practice.
Improvement in two-frame correlations by confocal microscopy for temporally resolved micro particle imaging velocimetry

An investigation of two-frame micro particle image velocimetry (μPIV) correlations is presented that utilizes a high-speed, spinning disk confocal micro particle image velocimetry (SDμPIV) system. The system uses Nipkow disk confocal epifluorescence microscopy and a high-speed camera to capture unsteady microscale flows using two-frame cross correlations. In μPIV, ensemble averaging is often used to reduce errors due to noise from out-of-focus particles. However, unsteady non-periodic flows require two-frame correlations which can be difficult to achieve with acceptable accuracy using μPIV. The confocal microscope uses pinhole spatial filtering to remove much of the light originating from outside the focal plane, reducing light from out-of-focus particles and improving the accuracy of two-frame cross correlation μPIV. Improvements to two-frame PIV correlations provided by the confocal system are evaluated using the correlation peak signal to noise ratio and universal outlier detection in steady Poiseuille flow as a function of particle volume fraction and focal depth into the channel. We find that the confocal system increases the mean correlation signal to noise ratio for all cases and reduces the fraction of erroneous vectors under conditions where there is a large number of out-of-focus particles. Time-resolved high-speed PIV is demonstrated through the measurement of an example unsteady flow created by an electrokinetic instability.
Exchange rings and decompositions of modules

In this paper, a new class of rings, called exchange rings, is defined and studied. The class of exchange rings includes regular rings in the sense of yon Neumann, local rings, and semiperfect rings. The chief property of these rings is that if S is any ring and M a left S-module which is a direct sum of finitely generated modules, each of which has an exchange ring as its endomorphism ring, then any two direct sum decompositions of M have isomorphic refinements. In particular, if R is an exchange ring, a projective R-module is a direct sum of ideals generated by idempotents. The main results of this paper are Theorems 2 and 3. Theorem 2 shows that a module has the finite exchange property (defined below) if and only if its endomorphism ring is an exchange ring. Theorem 3 gives a large class of rings which are exchange rings. The applications of Theorem 3 include generalizations of theorems proved by Kaplansky and Pierce for modules over regular rings. All rings will be associative rings with identity and all modules, unless otherwise specified, will be left modules. We will write the direct
Liver transplantation for treatment of giant hepatocellular adenomas.

Giant hepatocellular adenomas are associated with a high incidence of rupture with intraabdominal hemorrhage and may also undergo malignant transformation. If resection is not technically feasible, liver transplantation should be a treatment option. The aim of this report is to describe the indications, feasibility, and outcome of liver transplantation for hepatocellular adenomas. A 66-year-old man with a 17-cm hepatocellular adenoma originating in the left lobe but involving nearly the entire liver and a 35-year-old woman with a 20-cm tumor involving the right lobe of the liver and compressing the left lobe underwent liver transplantation without complication. In both cases, a histological diagnosis was made by core needle biopsy preoperatively, and resection was technically not possible. Hepatocellular adenoma involving nearly all of the liver with no evidence of malignant change was confirmed in the explant liver from both cases. Giant hepatocellular adenomas may be unresectable and require liver transplantation for complete removal to prevent potential rupture with hemorrhage or malignant transformation Copyright © 1995 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
New AMS Radiocarbon Dating Results for Central Plains Tradition Sites in Kansas and Nebraska

I report 16 new AMS age determinations on short-lived plant materials or ceramic residue from seven Central Plains tradition sites in Kansas and Nebraska. Before showing how these new dates contribute to improving the Central Plains tradition chronology, I assess the accuracy of the dates and provide comments on the effects of sample size on date accuracy, the use of small twigs for dating, and the reliability and accuracy of dates on ceramic residue. The new dates place these sites in the very late thirteenth or the fourteenth century. The new dates from sites in western Kansas and Nebraska, however, cannot yet be compared with previously obtained dates from nearby sites, since most of these previously obtained dates were on wood charcoal. New dates on short-lived remains from these sites are needed.
Myelinated and unmyelinated axons of the corpus callosum differ in vulnerability and functional recovery following traumatic brain injury

Traumatic axonal injury (TAI), a common feature of traumatic brain injury, is associated with postinjury morbidity and mortality. However, TAI is not uniformly expressed in all axonal populations, with fiber caliber and anatomical location influencing specific TAI pathology. To study differential axonal vulnerability to brain injury, axonal excitability and integrity were assessed in the corpus callosum following fluid percussion injury in the rat. In brain slice electrophysiological recordings, compound action potentials (CAPs) were evoked in the corpus callosum, and injury effects were quantified separately for CAP waveform components generated by myelinated axons (N1 wave) and by unmyelinated axons (N2 wave). Ultrastructural analyses were also conducted of TAI-induced morphological changes in these axonal populations. The two populations of axons differed in response to brain injury, and in their functional recovery, during the first week postinjury. Amplitudes of N1 and N2 were significantly depressed at 3 h, 1 day, and 3 days survival. N1 amplitudes exhibited a recovery to control levels by 7 days postinjury. In contrast, N2 amplitudes were persistently suppressed through 7 days postinjury. Strength-duration properties of evoked CAPs further differentiated the effects of injury in these axonal populations, with N2 exhibiting an elevated strength-duration time constant postinjury. Ultrastructural observations revealed degeneration of myelinated axons consistent with diffuse injury sequelae, as well as previously undocumented pathology within the unmyelinated fiber population. Collectively, these findings demonstrate differential vulnerabilities of axons to brain injury and suggest that damage to unmyelinated fibers may play a significant role in morbidity associated with brain injury.
Isoconversional kinetics of degradation of polyvinylpyrrolidone used as a matrix for ammonium nitrate stabilization

Abstract Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) has been applied to measure the kinetics of the thermal degradation of virgin polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and a phase stabilized PVP–ammonium nitrate (AN) material. The PVP–AN samples have been prepared by using 20 wt.% of AN and PVP of three different molecular weights. Virgin PVP undergoes a major mass loss in the region 380–550 °C leaving a small amount of nonvolatile residue. The application of an advanced isoconversional method to the respective degradation process demonstrates that its effective activation energy increases from ∼70 kJ mol −1 to a plateau value at 250–300 kJ mol −1 , which is independent of the molecular weight. The PVP–AN materials lose spontaneously ∼20% of their mass on heating above the glass transition temperature of the PVP matrix (160–180 °C). After the escape of AN, the remaining PVP matrix degrades in the same temperature region as virgin PVP, however, the effective activation energy of this degradation is ∼150–200 kJ mol −1 .
Adult students, adult education, and the Ed.D.: An alternative residency experience

The increase of part-time adult students in Ed.D. programs calls into question the effectiveness and feasibility of the traditional, full-time residency. Adult education concepts provide a basis for designing an alternative residency which offers a quality academic and socialization experience. The Syracuse University alternative residency for the Ed.D. in Adult Education provides a model which can be adapted to other institutions and programs.
High-speed cinematography of compressible mixing layers

Experiments are performed using high-speed film cinematography to temporally resolve compressible planar mixing layer structures using shadowgraphs and planar light sheet visualization. The technique is relatively inexpensive and allows multiple images. The time-dependent shadowgraph and Mie scattering images are documented with a rotating mirror camera operating at approximately 350 kHz. The results show the presence of large scale structures in the mixing layer which flatten as they convect downstream. Both spatial and temporal covariances have been obtained through digital image processing which yield, on average, elliptical structures with convective speeds above the isentropic prediction, and non-isotropic streamwise and transverse scalar transport fluctuations.
Effect of sialoadenectomy on thyroid activity.

THE rapid appearance of iodide in saliva following administration of iodide iodine-131 has been demonstrated1, and its measurement has proved useful in the evaluation of the thyroid status of clinical cases2. Recently, an experiment has been reported3 which suggested that the salivary glands may play an important part in thyroid metabolism, involving the removal of iodine-131 diiodotyrosine from the peripheral circulation. Dehalogenation processes by characteristic enzymes in the salivary gland tissue have been observed4.
Long-Term Care Insurance Demand Limited By Beliefs About Needs, Concerns About Insurers, And Care Available From Family

In spite of the high costs and major financial risks involved in long-term care, the majority of older Americans do not own long-term care insurance. We conducted a survey designed to learn more ab...
The effect of micromovements of the eye and exposure duration on contrast sensitivity

Abstract Spatial contrast sensitivity was measured with the normally moving and the stabilized retinal image of sine-wave gratings for exposure durations ranging from 6 msec to 4 sec. Sensitivity increased rapidly for both the stabilized and the non-stabilized image of any frequency as a function of duration up to 50 msec. The rate of increase gradually approached zero as the target exposure was lengthened. The shape of the contrast sensitivity curves was primarily determined by exposure duration. Image stabilization resulted in a decrease of sensitivity to a large range of spatial frequencies only when the target was presented for an indefinite period.
Morphogenesis in bat wings: linking development, evolution and ecology.

The evolution of powered flight in mammals required specific developmental shifts from an ancestral limb morphology to one adapted for flight. Through studies of comparative morphogenesis, investigato
Calicum channel blockers and prostaglandin generation by gastric surface epithelial cells

Abstract We investigated the effects of calcium channel blockers on generation of prostaglandin (PG) E 2 and 6-keto PGF 1α by gastric mucosal surface epithelium. Surface epithelial cells (SEC) isolated from rat gastric mucosa were incubated with either verapamil (1 or 10 μg/ml), diltiazem (2.5 or 25 μg/ml) or nifedipine (2.5 or 25 μg/ml) for 30 min at 37°C in calcium containing or calcium-free medium. Verapamil (both doses)_significantly incerased PGE 2 and 6-keto PGF 1α generation by the surface epithelial cells but only in calcium containing medium. Diltiazem did not affect PG gneration in calcium containing nor calcium-free medium. Nifedipine 25 μg/ml decreased PGE 2 but increased 6-keto PGF 1α generation. The inhibitory effect of nifedipine on GPE 2 generation was abolished in calcium-free medium, while the calmodulin antagonist did not affect verapamil-induced increase in PG generation.
Mass spectrometric studies of laser-induced vaporization. I. Selenium

Abstract The laser - mass spectrometer has been used to study the vaporization of the hexagonal and α-monoclinic forms of crystalline selenium as well as glassy and vapor-grown thin films of amorphous selenium. The pentamer molecular ion, Se 5 + , dominates the ionic species in the vapor emanating from all forms of selenium and Se 5 is the second most important species in the vapor. The dimer, Se 2 , is the major neutral species in the vapor and presumably is formed as a fragmentation product. The pentamer molecular species is postulated to be a ring structure.
Correlated response in skeletal traits and replicate variation in selected lines of mice.

Correlated responses in caudal vertebrae number (VN), lengths of eighth and ninth caudal vertebrae (V8 and V9, respectively), femur length (FL) and femur weight (FW) were evaluated in lines of mice which had been selected for six-week body weight (WK6) and/or six-week tail length (TAIL). Ten males and ten females were randomly sampled from each of ten selected lines (two replicates each of five selection treatments) after seven generations of selection. Sexes and lines were significant (P < .01) sources of variation in all seven traits. Sex x line interactions were unimportant except for V8 and V9. Male mice of both replicate lines selected for increased WK6 and decreased TAIL had shorter vertebrae than females, whereas the reverse was true for all other lines. Multiple regression and canonical correlation analyses indicated a high phenotypic relationship of FL with both WK6 and TAIL. Examination of the correlated responses indicated that FL was the only skeletal trait that showed a substantial correlated response to single trait selection for both WK6 and TA IL. Thus, the genetic relationships among the three traits also appeared to be high. Between replicate variation was not significant for randomly selected control lines. However, about onethird of the statistical tests between selected replicates were significant. This was taken to indicate a joint effect of selection and drift in causing variation between replicate lines. Replicate variation was further examined by canonical variate and generalized distance analyses. The first two canonical variates accounted for most of the generalized variance. Graphically, the first two canonical variables discriminated among selection treatments, whereas the replicates tended to cluster. Thus, although between replicate differences were significant for several traits, the differences were relatively small compared with the variation between lines having different selection criteria.
The Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor Prinomastat Enhances Photodynamic Therapy Responsiveness in a Mouse Tumor Model

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) clinical results are promising; however, tumor recurrences can occur and, therefore, methods for improving treatment efficacy are needed. PDT elicits direct tumor cell death and microvascular injury as well as expression of angiogenic, inflammatory, and prosurvival molecules. Preclinical studies combining antiangiogenic drugs or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors with PDT show improved treatment responsiveness (A. Ferrario et al., Cancer Res 2000;60:4066-9; A. Ferrario et al., Cancer Res 2002;62:3956-61). In the present study, we evaluated the role of Photofrin-mediated PDT in eliciting expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and modulators of MMP activity. We also examined the efficacy of a synthetic MMP inhibitor, Prinomastat, to enhance tumoricidal activity after PDT, using a mouse mammary tumor model. Immunoblot analysis of extracts from PDT-treated tumors demonstrated strong expression of MMPs and extracellular MMP inducer along with a concomitant decrease in expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. Gelatin zymography and enzyme activity assays performed on protein extracts from treated tumors confirmed the induction of both latent and enzymatically active forms of MMP-9. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that infiltrating inflammatory cells and endothelial cells were primary sources of MMP-9 expression after PDT, whereas negligible expression was observed in tumor cells. Administration of Prinomastat significantly improved PDT-mediated tumor response (P = 0.02) without affecting normal skin photosensitization. Our results indicate that PDT induces MMPs and that the adjunctive use of an MMP inhibitor can improve PDT tumor responsiveness.
Planting Seeds for a Successful Institutional Repository: Role of the Archivist as Manager, Designer, and Policymaker.

Recent surveys indicate that many colleges and universities have reached a pivotal moment in assessing the function and future development of their institutional repositories. Other surveys convey that archivists are participating in the development and implementation of institutional repositories at a variety of levels and have contributed to the broadening of content and source materials that increasingly reside in institutional repositories. Archivists report that institutional repositories have generally benefited archives by providing a delivery mechanism for and enhancing access to institutional records and digital collections. Case studies in recent publications and conference proceedings further illustrate the experiences of archivists and reveal, however, that archivists have had only limited success in realizing the promise of institutional repositories for digital preservation and for collaborating in new ways with campus stakeholders.
Synthesis and X-ray Structure of the Novel Aluminum Complex [{eta(3)-HB(3-Phpz)(2)(5-Phpz)}(2)Al][AlCl(4)]. Catalysis of CO(2)/Propylene Oxide to Propylene Carbonate by the AlCl(4)(-) Anion.

The solid-state structure of [{η3-HB(3-Phpz)2(5-Phpz)}2Al][AlCl4] has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The complex results from the redistribution reaction of AlCl3 and K[HB(3-Phpz)3], where the sterically-demanding hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate ligand had rearranged to relieve steric strain about the small aluminum(III) cation. The [AlCl4]- anion is shown to be catalytically active for the production of propylene carbonate from propylene oxide and carbon dioxide.
Flow rate and heat transfer modelling in extrusion cooking of soy protein

Abstract This paper presents a model representing the heat transfer in extrusion cooking of defatted soy protein flour in a single-screw extruder. Depending on the importance of the Peclet and Brinkman numbers, both viscous heating and convective heating are involved. Temperature profiles are therefore considered as a function of transverse and longitudinal positions as well as of Peclet and Brinkman numbers. Using the temperature profiles, the flow rates are then determined for various screw speeds (30–133 rpm) and barrel temperatures (150°C–190°C) by applying the non-Newtonian analysis previously used in polymer processing. The predicted values are compared with experimental values.
Role of NF-κB in hematopoietic niche function of osteoblasts after radiation injury

Objective Hematopoietic tissue is very sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR). In adult mammalian bone marrow, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) reside next to the endosteal bone surface, which is lined primarily by osteoblastic cells. In the present study, we proposed to investigate the mechanisms by which osteoblasts in the hematopoietic niche regulate survival, proliferation, and differentiation of HSPC after radiation injury. Materials and Methods Human primary CD34 + HSPC were cultured with human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) cell line cells or conditioned medium (CM) from hFOB cells with or without irradiation. Survival, apoptosis, and cell cycle were analyzed using clonogenic and flow cytometric assays. Cytokine and chemokine expression were measured by cytokine array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Their regulatory activities were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, small interfering (si)RNA transfection, immunoblotting, and transbinding assays. Results Survival of gamma-irradiated CD34 + HSPC was significantly enhanced by coculture with hFOB cells or by CM from hFOB cells. There were six factors in hFOB cell lysates and five factors released into hFOB CM enhanced by IR. IR induced phosphorylation of p53, c-Jun, and p38 and downstream p21 expression, as well as cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in hFOB cells. However, IR also induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)-κBp65 (ser536) and NF-κB activation in hFOB cells. Inhibition of NF-κB expression with siRNA upregulated p21, inhibited release of cytokines and chemokines, and induced hFOB and CD34 + cell apoptosis. Conclusions NF-κB is a radiation-induced prosurvival factor in human osteoblastic cells. NF-κB gene knockdown abrogated the hematopoietic niche function of hFOB cells in supporting survival of CD34 + cells after IR.
Using solidification parameters to predict porosity distributions in alloy castings

Quality criteria used in the computer-aided design and analysis of casting processes typically relate geometric, thermal, or solidification parameters to structural features such as centerline shrinkage and microporosity. Quality criteria for the prediction of porosity in castings have been used successfully in steel, but the application of criteria functions to nonferrous alloys has been less successful. Recent work suggests that the dominating mechanism that determines the amount and distribution of porosity in castings is strongly dependent on the solidification mode of the alloy and the solidification conditions. Accordingly, casting processes and alloy types are divided into four groups, and a different set of criteria functions are obtained for each group.
Transport properties of helium near the liquid-vapor critical point. I. Thermal conductivity of 3 He

A study of the thermal conductivity λ of3He is reported along several isotherms above the critical point and along the critical isochore. After a detailed description of the apparatus and the measurement procedures, the conductivity results away from the critical region are presented and compared with those of Kerrisk and Keller. Using the assumption that λ can be decomposed into a singular part λsing and a background contribution, λsing is analyzed in terms of the scaling theory. The critical exponent for λsing, ψ=0.57, is in good agreement with the predicted one. Departures from a simple power law very close toT c are discussed. There is no evidence for convective enhancement of λ. It is also found that λsing scales like (ρ2 k T )1/2, as proposed by Sengers. Here ρ andk T are the density and compressibility. The thermal diffusivityD T =λ/ρC p , whereC p is the specific heat, is compared with the results obtained from the Rayleigh linewidth of scattered light, and a systematic discrepancy in amplitude is found that remains unexplained. Furthermore, the relaxation times τ for reaching the steady state after switching the heat flux on and off are reported along the critical isochore and are compared with calculations using the steady state results for the thermal diffusivity.
Neuropeptides in hypertension: role of neuropeptide Y and calcitonin gene related peptide.

Abstract 1 The effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on cardiovascular function at three levels of the noradrenergic axis where the peptide is known to co-exist with noradrenaline (NA) and or adrenaline (A) was studied in normotensive Sprague-Dawley (SD), Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) or spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 2 In the perfused mesenteric arterial bed, NPY and the structurally similar peptide intestinal polypeptide (PYY) decreased the periarterial nerve stimulation induced release of NA and potentiated the increase in perfusion pressure to nerve stimulation or exogenously applied agonists (e.g. angiotensin, vasopressin, phenylephrine). In contrast to NPY and PYY, C-terminal NPY fragments inhibited NA release and produced a parallel decrease in perfusion pressure thus supporting the concept of Y1 (post) and Y2 (pre) NPY receptors. 3 In the mesenteric artery of SHR the prejunctional inhibitory effect of NPY was attenuated while the postjunctional response was enhanced. 4 Following intrathecal (Int) injection of NPY, there was a decrease in blood pressure, total peripheral resistance (predominantly by a decrease in mesenteric vascular resistance) and renal nerve activity. The depressor effect of Int NPY was attenuated in the SHR. 5 Unilateral injections of NPY into the posterior hypothalamic nucleus increased blood pressure, hindquarter and renal vascular resistance and renal nerve activity. The pressor effect was enhanced in the SHR. 6 Periarterial nerve stimulation of the perfused mesenteric artery produced a frequency dependent vasodilation in beds pretreated with guanethidine and precontracted with methoxamine. The vasodilation was unaffected by propranolol or atropine but blocked by capsaicin or calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) antisera. CGRP decreased the vasoconstriction produced by nerve stimulation or exogenous NA. NA release was unaltered. 7 In SHR, the inhibitory effect of exogenous CGRP on the nerve stimulation induced increase in perfusion pressure was reduced as well as the duration of the vasodilation observed in the presence of guanethidine and methoxamine. 8 These results implicate NPY in the development or maintenance of hypertension in the SHR since the effects of NPY which decrease noradrenergic transmission or responsiveness are attenuated in the SHR, while those functions increasing noradrenergic responsiveness are increased in the SHR. Our results are consistent with CGRP serving as a noradrenergic-noncholinergic vasodilator neurotransmitter in the mesenteric arterial bed. A dysfunction of the CGRP system may also contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension in the SHR.
Constituents of West African Medicinal plants XIX: Funiferine N-oxide, a new alkaloid from Tiliacora funifera (Menispermaceae)

A phytochemical investigation of the roots of Tiliacora funifera (Menispermaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of funiferine N-oxide, a new bis(benzylisoquinoline) alkaloid.
Hedamycin intercalates the DNA helix and, through carbohydrate-mediated recognition in the minor groove, directs N7-alkylation of guanine in the major groove in a sequence-specific manner

Abstract Background: The pluramycins are a class of antitumor antibiotics that exert their biological activity through interaction with DNA. Recent studies with the analog altromycin B have determined that these agents intercalate into the DNA molecule, position carbohydrate substituents into both major and minor grooves, and alkylate the DNA molecule by epoxide-mediated electrophilic attack on N7 of guanine located to the 3′ side of the drug molecule. Alkylation is sequence dependent and appears to be modulated by glycoside substituents attached at the corners of a planar chromophore. The altromycin B-like analogs preferentially alkylate 5′AG sequences; hedamycin-like analogs prefer 5′TG and 5′CG sequences. Although the mechanism of guanine modification by altromycin B has been extensively studied, the mechanism of action of hedamycin has not been previously determined. Results: Using high-field NMR, we have shown that hedanrycin stacks to the 5′ side of the guanine nucleotide at the site of intercalation in a DNA decamer, positioning both aminosaccharides into the minor groove to direct alkylation by the epoxide moiety on N7 of guanine. The C10 linked N,N-dimethylvancosamine sugar moiety interacts to the 5′ side of the intercalation site, while the C8 linked anglosamine moiety interacts to the 3′ side. The binding interactions of the two aminosugars steer the C2 double epoxide located in the major groove into the proximity of N7 of guanine. Unexpectedly, it is not the first epoxide that undergoes electrophilic addition to N7 of guanine, which would correspond to altromycin B, but the second, terminal epoxide. Conclusions: We have used two-dimensional NMR to elucidate the sequence-selective recognition of DNA by hedamycin and the mechanism of covalent modification of guanine by this antibiotic. Characterization of the intermolecular interactions between both hedamycin and altromycin B and their targeted DNA sequences has yielded a better understanding of the reasons for variations in sequence selectivity and alkylation reactivity among the pluramycin compounds.
The lipase gene family

Abstract Development of the lipase gene family spans the change in science that witnessed the birth of contemporary techniques of molecular biology. Amino acid sequencing of enzymes gave way to cDNA cloning and gene organization, augmented by in vitro expression systems and crystallization. This review traces the origins and highlights the functional significance of the lipase gene family, overlaid on the background of this technical revolution. The gene family initially consisted of three mammalian lipases [pancreatic lipase (PL), lipoprotein lipase, and hepatic lipase] based on amino acid sequence similarity and gene organization. Family size increased when several proteins were subsequently added based on amino acid homology, including PL-related proteins 1 and 2, phosphatidylserine phospholipase A1, and endothelial lipase. The physiological function of each of the members is discussed as well as the region responsible for lipase properties such as enzymatic activity, substrate binding, heparin binding, and cofactor interaction. Crystallization of several lipase gene family members established that the family belongs to a superfamily of enzymes, which includes esterases and thioesterases. This superfamily is related by tertiary structure, rather than amino acid sequence, and represents one of the most populous families found in nature.
Continuum Moment Equations on the Lattice

An analysis is given as to why one cannot directly evaluate continuum moment equations, i.e., equations involving powers of the position variable times charge, current, or energy momentum operators, on the lattice. I examine two cases: a three point function evaluation of the nucleon magnetic moment and a four point function (charge overlap) evaluation of the pseudoscalar charge radius.
Dynamic in Vivo Binding of STAT5 to Growth Hormone-Regulated Genes in Intact Rat Liver. Sex-Specific Binding at Low- But Not High-Affinity STAT5 Sites

Phylogenetic footprinting was used to predict functional transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) for signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5, a GH-activated transcription factor, in the GH-responsive genes IGF-I, SOCS2, and HNF6. Each gene, including upstream (100 kb) and downstream regions (25 kb), was aligned across four species and searched for conserved STAT5-binding sites using TFBS matrices. Predicted sites were classified as paired or single and whether or not they matched the STAT5 consensus sequence TTCN3GAA. Fifty-seven of the predicted genomic regions were assayed by chromatin immunoprecipitation from male rat liver with high STAT5 activity. STAT5 binding was enriched (up to 24-fold) at eight genomic regions of IGF-I, including three novel regions in the second intron, and at four regions of SOCS2, including three novel upstream sites. STAT5 binding to HNF6 was modestly enriched (up to 3-fold) at one consensus site and two novel, nonconsensus sites. Overall, 14 of 17 identified sites were paired STAT5 sites. STAT5 binding to these sites was dynamic in male rat liver, cycling on and off in response to each plasma GH pulse. Moreover, sex-specific STAT5 binding was apparent; in female rat liver, where nuclear STAT5 activity is generally low, STAT5 binding to IGF-I and SOCS2 was limited to high-affinity sites. Analysis of the verified STAT5 binding sites indicated that STAT5 TFBS matrix 459 in combination with a STAT5 consensus sequence was the best predictor of STAT5 binding to these three genes. Using these criteria, multiple novel STAT5 binding sites were identified and then verified in several other GH-inducible genes, including MUP genes, where male-specific gene expression was associated with male-specific STAT5 binding to multiple low-affinity STAT5 sites.
Effects of sample matrix on detection limits in analytical inductively coupled plasma-Fourier transform spectrometry

Abstract The feasibility of making analytical atomic spectrometry measurements by inductively coupled plasma-Fourier transform spectrometry (ICP-FTS) is demonstrated. Analytical working curves and detection limits are presented for Al, Ni, Fe and Ca. The effects of sample matrix composition on detection limits for analytical ICP-FTS are investigated. It is shown that a multiplex disadvantage may occur in the case of a spectral bandpass encompassing stroog emission lines of a matrix element. A “worse case” example of this problem is presented. Possible approaches to overcoming the multiplex disadvantage in analytical ICP-FTS and some ideal criteria for ICP-FTS instrumentation are presented.
Relationship between psychometric and utility-based approaches to the measurement of health-related quality of life.

This paper summarizes selected evidence pertaining to the relationship between psychometric health status measures and utility/preference measures of health outcome. Few studies contain measures of both health status and utility/preference. The evidence to date suggests that various health status measures are at best only moderately correlated with standard gamble (SG) and time trade-off (TTO) utilities. Results from regression analysis, predicting SG or TTO utilities from combinations of health status scales, typically have an R2 of 0.18 to 0.43. Preferences determined by rating scale methods are more strongly related to health status scores, but correlations are variable ranging from 0.17 to 0.46 and only about 27% to 34% of variance can be explained in regression models. The Quality of Well-Being Scale and other multiattribute preference measures have low to moderate correlations with health status measures (r=0.03 to 0.71). Health utility/preference measures and psychometric health status scores are only moderately correlated. Health utility and psychometric health status scales may measure different attributes of health. Although both approaches are useful for evaluating medical outcomes, they are not interchangeable indicators of health-related quality of life.
Frontier and Closure of a Semi-Pfaffian Set

For a semi-Pfaffian set, i.e., a real semianalytic set defined by equations and inequalities between Pfaffian functions in an open domain G , the frontier and closure in G are represented as semi-Pfaffian sets. The complexity of this representation is estimated in terms of the complexity of the original set.