cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shelter and Service Receipt for Victims of Domestic Violence in Illinois

There is little empirical research about the services victims of violence in shelters receive and when, yet such information would increase our understanding of their unmet service needs especially after they leave shelter. This article utilizes data from a randomly selected sample of individuals in shelter to examine their service trajectories. Results indicate that most individuals receive service while in shelter. Individual counseling is likely to continue after shelter, but group counseling, employment, and educational assistance tend to end once shelter is over.The policy and practice implications of these results are discussed.
Development and implementation of the Veterans Administration’s multihospital radiology information system

Unknown to most radiology professionals, the Veterans Administration (VA) is implementing an automated radiology information system as an integrated component of its Decentralized Hospital Computer Program. The basic design has been evaluated and refined over the past 5 years. It is now becoming available in all 172 VA medical facilities. Radiology services are provided in a complex management and fiscal environment. The primary purpose of the information system is to improve the efficient processing, performance, and reporting of requests for radiologic consultations and procedures. The automatic capturing of demographic and medical statistics will provide local and national managers more complete data with which to plan future financial, equipment, and personnel requirements. The VA radiology module has the potential to influence the shape of all future systems, commercial and public. This report describes the development of this radiology information system, its current status, and its potential impact on the largest health care system in the country. The module serves as an example of what can or should be expected from the radiology portion of a comprehensive medical information management system.
Stochastic analysis of the duration of the speaker role in psychotherapy.

An analysis has been undertaken of the stochastic behavior of the time series which defines the duration of utterances exchanged by patients and therapists in six recorded sessions of psychotherapy. Each series followed a Box-Jenkins time series model of order (1, 0, 0): that is, each behaved as a first-order autoregressive process, sensitive to the prior state of the system. The confidences associated with the parameters of the autoregressive models were very high. In addition, the histograms of length of each utterance indicated an underlying Poisson model for the emergence of speech. The parameters of the Poisson and autoregressive models varied with each patient/therapist pair. Signatures for the process dynamics of the speaker-role variable were obtained. The two analyses suggest fundamental structures within the psychotherapeutic dialogue. The Box-Jenkins results provide a global summary of the inner structure of the series and its progression, while the Poisson results describe its instantaneous be...
Cometoides pechumani sp. n. (Protozoa: Eugregarinida), a gregarine parasite of salt marsh deerflies (Diptera: Tabanidae)

Abstract Cometoides pechumani sp. n. is described from larvae and adults of Chrysops fuliginosus and from a pupa of C. atlanticus. Stages of the gregarine were found in the fore-, mid-, and hindguts. The globular to spherical epimerite possessed at least 14 long filaments. The cephalic sporadins were elongate, cylindrical, and tapered. Mean length was 998 μm. Mean diameters of the gametocysts were 519.8 × 558 μm. Oocysts (spores) are hexagonal in outline with polar spines and two bands of equatorial spines. Their mean length and width were 7.35 × 4.32 μm. Incidence of infection of field-collected C. fuliginosus larvae was greatest in summer when rates were as high as 89%. Infection during winter ranged from 30 to 58%. Incidence of infection of adult C. fuliginosus never exceeded 7%.
Effect of Proteins of Plant and Animal Origin on the Growth, Reproductive Development and Semen Production of Young Dairy Bulls,

Summary Eighteen Holstein bull calves (six per treatment) were used to determine the effect of dietary protein quality upon the growth, reproductive development, and the quality of semen produced by young bulls. The treatments included animal protein as fluid skimmilk, animal protein as animal feeding grade dried skimmilk, and vegetable protein. Source of protein had no significant effect upon growth, the concentration of hemoglobin, total serum protein, urea, and nonprotein nitrogen in the blood, or the age or size at which viable spermatozoa were first collected from the bulls. Tests of semen quality indicated that volume of ejaculate was adversely affected by the dried skimmilk ration, and number of spermatozoa per milliliter of semen was increased by the liquid skimmilk ration; initial motility, rate of motility, per cent live (unstained) spermatozoa, and survival upon storage at 5° C. were not affected by the treatments used.
CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE OF OLD-FIELD PLANT COMMUNITIES ALONG EXPERIMENTAL NITROGEN GRADIENTS'

Data from experiments in three old fields were analyzed using similarity indices and population trajectories to determine if similarity of resource supply rates in- fluenced the similarity of plant community composition. In two of three fields, similarity indices indicated that experimental plots having different resource supply rates diverged in species composition with time. There was some evidence of convergence both within and between fields on plots with similar resource supply rates; however, divergence was also common, especially at high rates of nutrient supply. Much of the divergence indicated by similarity indices can be explained by plot-to-plot differences in the initial abundances of three dominant species: Agropyron repens, Poa pratensis, and Schizachyrium scoparium. High nitrogen treatments favored Agropyron repens if it was present, but led to major increases in P. pratensis or S. scoparium if A. repens was absent. The trajectories through time of these three species suggest that plots will converge at high nitrogen levels.
The influence of ventricular fibrillation duration on defibrillation efficacy using biphasic waveforms in humans

Abstract Objectives. The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the influence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) durations of 5, 10 and 20 s on the defibrillation threshold (DFT) during implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) implantation. Background. Although the DFT using monophasic waveforms has been shown to increase with VF duration in humans, the effect of VF duration on defibrillation efficacy using biphasic waveforms in humans is not known. Methods. Thirty patients undergoing primary ICD implantation or pulse generator replacement were randomly assigned to have the DFT determined using biphasic shocks at two durations of VF each (5 and 10 s, 10 and 20 s or 5 and 20 s). Results. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean DFT comparing VF durations of 5 s (9.5 ± 6.0 J) and 10 s (10.8 ± 7.0 J) (p = 0.4). The mean DFT significantly increased from 10.9 ± 6.1 J at 10 s of VF to 12.6 ± 5.6 J (p = 0.03) at 20 s of VF, and from 7.0 ± 3.5 J at 5 s of VF to 10.5 ± 6.3 J (p = 0.04) at 20 s of VF. An increase in the DFT was observed in 14 patients as VF duration increased. There were no clinical characteristics that differentiated patients with and without an increase in the DFT. Conclusions. Defibrillation efficacy decreases with increasing VF duration using biphasic waveforms in humans. Ventricular fibrillation durations greater than 10 s may negatively affect the effectiveness of ICD therapy.
Can formulation and drug delivery reduce attrition during drug discovery and development-review of feasibility, benefits and challenges

Drug discovery and development has become longer and costlier process. The fear of failure and stringent regulatory review process is driving pharmaceutical companies towards "me too" drugs and improved generics (505(b) (2)) fillings. The discontinuance of molecules at late stage clinical trials is common these years. The molecules are withdrawn at various stages of discovery and development process for reasons such as poor ADME properties, lack of efficacy and safety reasons. Hence this review focuses on possible applications of formulation and drug delivery to salvage molecules and improve the drugability. The formulation and drug delivery technologies are suitable for addressing various issues contributing to attrition are discussed in detail.
Topics in Organizational Systems & Technology Minitrack

The Topics in Organizational Systems and Technologies is a track for papers that often do not fit well in other tracks due to the leading edge nature of the topics. We look for paper that are innovative and thought provoking.
High-Fidelity Simulation as a Low Cost Enhancement to Flight Test,

Abstract : Simulation has long been an accepted training tool, but its acceptance as a flight test enhancement or alternative has been much more difficult to attain. The process of developing a validated, high-fidelity simulation is an important step in this acceptance because it builds confidence in the quantitative data that flight test support demands. This confidence opens up a new world of opportunity for support of a variety of projects and exploration of new frontiers. The F/A-18 simulation at the Manned Flight Simulator (MFS) has been used for many of these projects. Two of the most recent and unique are discussed in this paper.
Neuroscience. Awareness of space.

Damage to particular parts of the brain can cause spatial confusion and even eliminate awareness of areas of space around the body. The brain regions responsible for spatial awareness, however, are still under debate.
The Image of Sociobiology

One must agree with S. B. Hrdy et al. (Letters, [11 Oct., p. 162][1]) that a substantial amount of good work is being done in sociobiology. However, with all due respect for good intentions, their attempt to blame the questionable reputation of the field on “detractors” and the public appears
Analysis of the Time Course of the Effect of Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation upon Hand Function in Parkinson's Patients

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) as treatment for Parkinson’s disease has been in use for more than a decade, yet the immediate effect of stimulation upon movement parameters is not well characterized. Objective: The goal of the current study is the identification of the best time point to test hand function after programming DBS devices. Methods: Reaction time, movement time and velocity were measured at multiple time points with a movement-sensitive glove after the deep brain stimulator had been turned on or off, during ‘off medication’ conditions. Results: Velocity, movement time and reaction time worsened significantly in the first 20 min after the deep brain stimulator had been turned off. A ‘plateau effect’ after 20 min was not observed. Initiation of stimulation led to immediate significant increases in movement time and velocity and to a lesser degree a decrease in reaction time. Patients performed more inconsistently over time after onset of stimulation compared to stimulation withdrawal. Intraoperative testing showed an immediate improvement in velocity after placement of the STN deep brain stimulator. Conclusion: Movement time and velocity already reach their peak changes within 20 min after the deep brain stimulator has been reprogrammed, and therefore, this time point may be used to test the maximal clinical effect of stimulation.
Electronic texts and the internet: A review ofThe English Server

An increasing number of services, particularly electronic texts, are available via the Internet to humanities scholars. This situation is novel and raises a number of questions which are brought out in this essay. Some of these questions are illustrated with reference toThe English Server at Carnegie Mellon University.
A Combined Rarefied and Continuum Flow Regime Model for Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Manufacturing Processes

Several modifications to physical vapor deposition (PVD) models are proposed to address the deficiencies in current theoretical studies. Simple calculations show that the flow regime of PVD fabrications will most likely vary from a continuum flow to a rarefied flow in the vacuum chamber as the vapor cloud expands toward the substrate. The flow regime for an evaporated ideal gas is calculated and then an improved equation of state is constructed and analyzed that more accurately describes vaporized metals. The result, combined with experimental observations, suggests PVD fabrication is best represented by a multi-regime flow. Then, a CFD analysis is summarized that further validates the multi-regime analysis hypothesis. Finally, a methodology for constructing and implementing the results of a theoretical multi-regime PVD model is presented.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Preparation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polystyrene and Polyurethane Nanofibers and Membranes by Electrospinning

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) reinforced polymer composite membranes have been fabricated using the electrospinning technique. Nanofibers with a diameter in the range 50−100 nm were obtained by electrospinning SWNT-filled polystyrene composites. TEM observations revealed incorporation of small SWNT bundles oriented parallel to the nanofiber axis. As-prepared (AP) and ester (EST) functionalized SWNTs have been electrospun with polyurethane (PU) to demonstrate the effect of the chemical functionalization of SWNTs on the mechanical properties of SWNT-reinforced composites. The tensile strength of EST-SWNT-PU membranes is enhanced by 104% as compared to electrospun pure polyurethane membranes, while an increase of only 46% was achieved incorporating AP−SWNT in the polyurethane matrix. The tangent moduli of AP- and EST-SWNT-PU membranes were found to be respectively 215% and 250% higher than the control polyurethane membranes.
Kinematic Registration Using Line Geometry

This paper uses line geometry to find an elegant solution to the kinematic registration problem involving reconstruction of a spatial displacement from data on three homologous points at two finitely separated positions of a rigid body. The bisecting linear line complex of two position theory in kinematics is used in combination with recent results from computational line geometry to present an elegant computational geometric method for the solution of this old problem. The results have applications in robotics, manufacturing, and biomedical imaging. The paper considers when minimal, over-determined, and perturbed sets of point data are given.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Particle filter with iterative importance sampling for Bayesian networks inference

Bayesian network has been applied widely in many areas such as multi-sensor fusion, situation assessment, and decision making under uncertainty. It is well known that, in general when dealing with large complex networks, the exact probabilistic inference methods are computationally difficult or impossible. To deal with the difficulty, the “anytime” stochastic simulation methods such as likelihood weighting and importance sampling have become popular. In this paper, we introduce a very efficient iterative importance sampling algorithm for Bayesian network inference. Much like the recently popular sequential simulation method, particle filter, this algorithm identifies importance function and conducts sampling iteratively. However, particle filter methods often run into the so called “degeneration” or “impoverishment” problems due to low likely evidence or high dimensional sampling space. To overcome that, this Bayesian network particle filter (BNPF) algorithm decomposes the global state space into local ones based on the network structure and learns the importance function accordingly in an iterative manner. We used large real world Bayesian network models available in academic community to test the inference method. The preliminary simulation results show that the algorithm is very promising.
The emerging role of epigenetics in cellular and organismal aging

Genome modifications resulting from epigenetic changes appear to play a critical role in the development and/or progression of cancer. Scatter experimental evidence suggests that epigenetic changes could also be critical determinants of cellular senescence and organismal aging. Here we review the current evidence and discuss how imbalances in chromatin remodelers might trigger irreversible growth arrest in proliferating cells and tissues. Experimental data using drugs that target specific chromatin remodeling enzymes suggest that such approach could lead to the development of novel therapeutic modalities for the prevention or amelioration of some age-related dysfunctions.
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and platelet-rich plasma on a collagen matrix to improve fascial healing

Objective To demonstrate improved healing of a midline laparotomy after application of mesenchymal stromal cells and platelet-rich plasma on a collagen matrix and introduce a potential cellular-based therapy for the prevention of incisional hernia formation.
Temperature-Jump 2D NMR Spectroscopy in Crystalline Solids: A Technique for Correlating Molecular Reorientation across the Phase Boundaries of an Order-Disorder Lattice

The authors describe a two-dimensional high-resoln. solid-state NMR methodol. for correlating the dynamics of mol. rearrangements around the crit. points of equil. phase transitions in mol. solids. It combines the techniques of temp.-jump and two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy. The two spectral dimensions are the isotropic chem. shifts at different sample temps. The technique is illustrated by elucidating the dynamic rearrangement of the C4O4 units of squaric acid (H2C4O4) in relation to the mechanism of its antiferroelec. phase transition at TN .apprx. 373 K. These results clarify the apparent discrepancy between the conclusions derived earlier from NMR, x-ray, and Raman and neutron scattering studies. They were a direct consequence of the significant enhancement in the NMR spectral resoln. through this technique, which thus might prove to be a significant new aid in understanding the mechanisms of phase transitions in mol. solids. [on SciFinder (R)]
High-performance size exclusion chromatography as a rapid method for the separation of steroid hormone receptors.

High-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) on TSK 3000SW molecular sieve columns was used to separate estrogen, progestin, and androgen receptors from several target tissues within 50 min on the basis of size and shape (Stokes radius). Moreover, this system provided for the detection of heterogeneity of receptor species (isoforms) in a manner superior to that observed with sucrose density gradient centrifugation. HPSEC separated various estrogen receptor isoforms having Stokes radii of > 61 A, ∼ 48 A and 29–32 A. Agents such as potassium chloride and sodium molybdate which alter the distribution of estrogen receptor species on sucrose density gradient centrifugation, promote similar alterations in receptor profiles when HPSEC was employed. Our investigations suggest the use of [125I]iodoestradiol-17β and HPSEC allows the sequential analysis of estrogen receptor species providing new insights into receptor composition and structure. It is concluded that HPSEC has a broad application in the field of steroid hormone receptors. This method should be useful in studies ranging from measurements of molecular and kinetic properties to their mode of cellular interaction and regulation.
Effects of nonhost plant neighbors on population densities and parasitism rates of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).

This study examined effects of nonhost plant neighbors on population densities and parasitism rates of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), in Hawaii. Monospecific cabbage plots had greater larval densities, lower numbers of larvae parasitized by Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov), and lower percentage of parasitism compared with plots of cabbage interplanted with tomato. Larval densities were affected directly by tomato neighbors rather than by indirect changes in host plant size or quality. However, tomato neighbors did not significantly influence densities of pupae, emerging adults, or total leaf herbivory. Laboratory experiments showed that ovipositing females did not discriminate between cabbage grown alone versus cabbage grown with tomato. These results suggest that tomato neighbors affect long-range host finding or early egg-larval survival, or both, in the field as well as parasitism rates.
Red Abalone Bead Production and Exchange on California's Northern Channel Islands:

California's Channel Islands were ancient centers of shell bead production and exchange. Several researchers have investigated shell bead making in the region, particularly of Olivella biplicata shells, but considerably less is known about bead production sequences for other shell bead types. Recent research at two historic Chumash villages on Santa Rosa (CA-SRI-2) and San Miguel (CA-SMI-163) islands produced large assemblages of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) epidermis beads, beads-in-production, and bead blanks. Bead production densities at these sites were relatively high, but a dearth of finished beads compared to beads-in-production suggests that most of the beads were being manufactured for trade or use outside of the household in which they were produced. Red abalone epidermis bead production increased dramatically after European contact and these beads were another important trade item for Native peoples in western North America.
On Bandwidth-Limited Sum-of-Games Problems

Game theory typically considers two types of imperfect information when analyzing conflicts: 1) chance moves and 2) information sets. This correspondence paper considers games where players compete on many fronts without having sufficient bandwidth to collect the game trees describing all the conflicts. The player therefore needs to prioritize between subgames without having detailed information about the subgames. We address this problem by using two combinatorial game theory tools: 1) surreal numbers and 2) thermographs. We consider the global conflict as a sum-of-games problem, which is known to be intractable (PSPACE complete). Known combinatorial game theory heuristics can analyze surreal-number encodings of games using thermographs to find solutions that are within a known constant offset of the optimal solution. To apply the combinatorial game theory to this domain, we first integrate chance moves into surreal-number encodings of games by showing that the expected values of surreal numbers are surreal numbers. We then show that, of the three commonly used sum-of-games heuristics, only hotstrat is applicable to this domain. Simulations compare solutions found using hotstrat to solution approaches used by other researchers on a similar problem (maximin, maximax, and mean). The simulations show that the hotstrat solutions dominate the existing approaches.
Exploring functional variant discovery in non-coding regions with SInBaD

The thousand genomes project and many similar ongoing large-scale sequencing efforts require new methods to predict functional variants in both coding and non-coding regions in order to understand phenotype and genotype relationships. We report the design of a new model SInBaD (Sequence-Information-Based-Decision-model) which relies on nucleotide conservation information to evaluate any annotated human variant in all known exons, introns, splice junctions and promoter regions. SInBaD builds separate mathematical models for promoters, exons and introns, using the human disease mutations annotated in human gene mutation database as the training dataset for functional variants. The ten-fold cross validation shows high prediction accuracy. Validations on test datasets, demonstrate that variants predicted as functional have a significantly higher occurrence in cancer patients. We also applied our model to variants found in four different individual human genomes to identify a set of functional variants, which might be of interest for further studies. Scores for any possible variants for all annotated genes are available under http://tingchenlab.cmb.usc.edu/sinbad/. SInBaD supports the current standard format of genotyping, the variant call files (VCF 4.0), making it easy to integrate it into any existing next-generation sequencing pipeline. The accuracy of SNP detection poses the only limitation to the use of SInBaD.
Accretion tectonics of the Neotethyan Ermioni Complex, Peloponessos, Greece

Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary terrigenous and calcareous turbidites exposed in the Argolis Peninsula of southern Greece represent an accretionary complex assembled during the closure of a Late Cretaceous Neotethyan ocean. Massive sulphide bodies, thrust slices of cherts and serpentinized ultramafics are found imbricated within a tectonic stack of approximately 8 km thickness. Basalts with overlying Cenomanian-Maastrichtian pelagic limestones and metalliferous sediments are found distributed throughout the complex. The basalts give trace-element chemical signatures consistent with an origin at a mid-ocean ridge or back-arc basin. Folding and shearing is locally intense in fault zones 10-20 m across, resulting in a block-in-matrix fabric. Metamorphism within the complex is of low-to-high diagenetic grade, with grade generally increasing structurally up-section. Palaeo-slope indicators suggest that the ocean basin lay to the present SE. The SSW to NNE emplacement is at variance with the SW-vergent Early Tertiary thrusting of the Hellenides. and may be explicable in terms of transpressional tectonics along the southeastern termination of the Pelagonian micro-continent. The processes which assembled the Ermioni Complex appear to have operated in a similar fashion to those seen along the margins of major ocean basins, although active over much shorter periods of time.
COHERENT STRUCTURES AND TURBULENCE.

This is a personal statement on the present state of understanding of coherent structures, in particular their spatial details and dynamical significance. The characteristic measures of coherent structures are discussed, emphasizing coherent vorticity as the crucial property. We present here a general scheme for educing structures in any transitional or fully turbulent flow. From smoothed vorticity maps in convenient flow planes, this scheme recognizes patterns of the same mode and parameter size, and then phase-aligns and ensemble-averages them to obtain coherent structure measures. The departure of individual realizations from the ensemble average denotes incoherent turbulence. This robust scheme has been used to educe structures from velocity data using a rake of hot wires as well as direct numerical simulations and can educe structures using newer measurement techniques such as digital image processing. Our recent studies of coherent structures in several free shear flows are briefly reviewed. Detailed data in circular and elliptic jets, mixing layers, and a plane wake reveal that incoherent turbulence is produced at the ‘saddles’ and then advected to the ‘centres’ of the structures. The mechanism of production of turbulence in shear layers is the stretching of longitudinal vortices or ‘ribs’ which connect the predominantly spanwise ‘rolls’; the ribs induce spanwise contortions of rolls and cause mixing and dissipation, mostly at points where they connect with rolls. We also briefly discuss the role of coherent structures in aerodynamic noise generation and argue that the structure breakdown process, rather than vortex pairing, is the dominant mechanism of noise generation. The ‘cut-and-connect’ interaction of coherent structures is proposed as a specific mechanism of aerodynamic noise generation, and a simple analytical model of it shows that it can provide acceptable predictions of jet noise. The coherent-structures approach to turbulence, apart from explaining flow physics, has also enabled turbulence management via control of structure evolution and interactions. We also discuss some new ideas under investigation: in particular, helicity as a characteristic property of coherent structures.
Adaptive Immunity Is the Primary Force Driving Selection of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Envelope SU Variants during Acute Infection

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a lentivirus that causes persistent infection in horses. The appearance of antigenically distinct viral variants during recurrent viremic episodes is thought to be due to adaptive immune selection pressure. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated envelope SU cloned sequences from five severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) foals infected with EIAV. Within the SU hypervariable V3 region, 8.5% of the clones had amino acid changes, and 6.4% had amino acid changes within the known cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope Env-RW12. Of all the SU clones, only 3.1% had amino acid changes affecting potential N-linked glycosylation sites. In contrast, a much higher degree of variation was evident in SU sequences obtained from four EIAV-infected immunocompetent foals. Within V3, 68.8% of the clones contained amino acid changes, and 50% of the clones had amino acid changes within the Env-RW12 CTL epitope. Notably, 31.9% of the clones had amino acid changes affecting one or more glycosylation sites. Marked amino acid variation occurred in cloned SU sequences from an immune-reconstituted EIAV-infected SCID foal. Of these clones, 100% had amino acid changes within V3, 100% had amino acid changes within Env-RW12, and 97.5% had amino acid changes affecting glycosylation sites. Analysis of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions revealed statistically significant differences between SCID and immunocompetent foals and between SCID foals and the reconstituted SCID foal. Interestingly, amino acid selection at one site occurred independently of adaptive immune status. Not only do these data indicate that adaptive immunity primarily drives the selection of EIAV SU variants, but also they demonstrate that other selective forces exist during acute infection.
A Review of “Electronic Emotion: The Mediation of Emotion via Information and Communication Technologies”

The collection of highly academic scholarship that makes up Electronic Emotion is the result of a 2007 seminar in Pordenone, Italy, that exhibited the work of leading researchers in the communicati...
A synopsis of the North American species of Byssonectria (Pezizales) with comments on the ontogeny of two species.

Byssonectria, previously placed in the Hypocreales, is treated as a member of the Pezizales; Pseudocollema and Inermisia are considered synonyms. Four species are recognized from North America: B. terrestris, a new combination which provides the oldest traceable name for the common North American and European species; B. cartilagineum, also a new combination, is based on the type species of Pseudocollema; B. fusispora; and B. seaveri, a new species for a large-spored North American collection. The ascomata of Byssonectria cartilagineum and B. terrestris are initially cleistohymenial. They open during the mesohymenial phase. The ascogonium is a multicellular filament, one cell of which produces ascogenous hyphae. This filament becomes surrounded by vegetative hyphae which build up the body of the ascoma. Young cleistohymenial ascomata could be mistaken for perithecia; such a mistake seems to account for original placement of the type species of Byssonectria in the
Regression of cervical cystic hygroma with a single session of sclerotherapy.

A 1-month-old child presented with cystic hygroma measuring 14 cm x10 cm on the left side of neck. Injection bleomycin was injected into the swelling after aspirating it completely with a wide bore needle. The aspirate was straw colored. The patient was discharged on the next day. At one month follow-up, it was completely regressed with only minor skin pigmentations and redundant skin (Fig 1, 2).
Integration of Micro and Macro Studies in Governance Research: CEO Duality, Board Composition, and Financial Performance

The authors provide two examples of contemporary and contentious issues related to the governance of publicly traded corporations—the composition of boards of directors and the choice of CEO or board chairperson leadership structures. In each case, despite voluminous empirical attention, there is virtually no evidence related to the financial performance of the firm with regard to either of these fundamental elements of firms’ governance structures. The authors suggest that these null results may be related to the inadequacy of analyses relied on to examine such issues, an inadequacy that might be constructively addressed by more attention to multi-level alternatives.
A new variance-reduction technique for regenerative simulations of Markov chains

We propose a new estimator for some performance measures obtained from a regenerative simulation of a discrete-time Markov chain. Our new estimator is based on the idea of generating (uniform) random permutations of cycles corresponding to a certain state, and it has no larger (and typically smaller) mean squared error than the standard estimator. We show that our method can be used to derive a new estimator for the time-average variance parameter of a regenerative simulation.
Wheat bran particle size effects on bread baking performance and quality

Commercial hard red spring, hard red winter, soft white and durum wheat brans were used to evaluate the particle size effect of wheat bran on bread baking performance and bread sensory quality. Three different particle size bran samples were obtained from each bran by grinding, not by sifting, the bran samples. The bran samples were similar in chemical composition, but different in particle sizes. Results of baking experiments showed that breads containing fine bran had lower specific loaf volume and darker crumb colour than breads containing coarse or medium size bran. Sensory test panellists found that fine bran contributed smoother crust appearance and less gritty mouthfeel than the coarse bran. The sensory panel also indicated that breads containing soft white wheat bran had significantly better flavour and mouthfeel than breads containing hard red spring wheat bran.
I Remember You: Independence and the Binomial Model.

Summary We focus on the problem of ignoring statistical independence. A binomial experiment is used to determine whether judges could match, based on looks alone, dogs to their owners. The experimental design introduces dependencies such that the probability of a given judge correctly matching a dog and an owner changes from trial to trial. We show how this dependence alters the probability of a successful match of dog to owner, and thus alters the expected number of successful matches and the variance of this expected quantity. Finally, we show that a false assumption of independence that results in incorrect probability calculations changes the probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis (i.e. the Type I error).
Feasibility of a closed-loop controlled noninvasive ultrasonic glucose sensing and insulin delivery system

Use of needles for multiple injections of drugs, such as insulin for diabetes, can be painful. As a result, prescribed drug noncompliance can results in severe medical complications. In previous studies, ultrasound mediated transdermal drug delivery has shown a promising potential as a method for noninvasive drug administration. Yet for prospective human application, a milestone to a practical clinical device of this research requires that the efficacy of the cymbal array be demonstrated on animals larger than rats and rabbits. Larger and possessing a blood volume similar to humans, pig is an appropriate animal model for further experimentation in evaluating the practicability of this ultrasound device. Six Yorkshire pigs (100 – 140 lbs) were divided into two groups. As the control (n = 3), the first group did not receive any ultrasound exposure with the insulin. The second group (n = 3) was treated with ultrasound and insulin at 20 kHz with an I sptp = 100 mW/cm2 at a 20% duty cycle for 60 minutes. With the pigs in lateral recumbency after anesthesia, the ultrasound transducer with insulin was placed on the axillary area of the pig. At the beginning and every 15 minutes up to 90 minutes, the blood glucose level was determined using a glucose monitoring system. To compare the results of individual animals, the change of blood glucose level was normalized to each animal's initial glucose value at the start of the experiment. Although each animal had a different initial glucose level, the mean and standard error for the six animals was 146 ± 13 mg/dl (Figure 1). For the control group, the blood glucose level increased to 31 ± 21 mg/dl compared to the initial baseline over the 90 minute experiment. However for the ultrasound with insulin treated group, the glucose level decreased to −72 ± 5 mg/dl at 60 minutes (p ≪ 0.05) and continued to decreased to −91 ± 23 mg/dl in 90 minutes (p ≪ 0.05). Results demonstrate a promising pre-clinical outcome for the low profile cymbal array to be used for ultrasound enhanced in vivo insulin transport using an animal with a similar size and weight to a human. The cymbal array has potential as a practical ultrasound system for noninvasive transdermal insulin delivery for diabetes management.
Adaptive robust H ∞ dynamic output feedback for continuous time-varying uncertain systems

The problem of designing an adaptive robust Hinfin dynamic output feedback controller for uncertain linear systems is considered. The uncertainties are assumed to be time-varying, unknown, but bounded, which appear affinely in the matrices of system model. Based on the online estimations of uncertain parameters, a robust dynamic output feedback controller with variable gains is constructed to compensate the effect of uncertainty on systems. An adaptive mechanism is introduced to estimate uncertain parameters according to the designed adaptive laws and to enhance system performance. New sufficient conditions with less conservativeness than those of traditional robust controllers are also derived to guarantee the stability and Hinfin performance of the closed-loop systems. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Dual nature of the adaptive immune system in lampreys

Jawless vertebrates use variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) comprised of leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) segments as counterparts of the immunoglobulin based receptors that jawed vertebrates use for antigen recognition. Highly diverse VLR genes are somatically assembled by the insertion of variable LRR sequences into incomplete germline VLRA and VLRB genes. Here we show that VLRA and VLRB anticipatory receptors are expressed by separate lymphocyte populations through monoallelic VLRA or VLRB assembly in concert with expression of Cytosine deaminase 1 or Cytosine deaminase 2, respectively. Distinctive gene expression profiles for VLRA + and VLRB + lymphocytes resemble those of mammalian T and B cells. Although both VLRA and VLRB cells proliferate in response to antigenic stimulation, only the VLRB lymphocytes bind native antigens and differentiate into VLR antibody secreting cells. Conversely, VLRA lymphocytes respond preferentially to a classical T cell mitogen and upregulate their expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes, IL-17 and MIF. The finding of T-like and B-like lymphocytes in lampreys offers new insight into the evolution of adaptive immunity.
Childhood to adult transition and long-term follow-up after blood and marrow transplantation

The use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or blood and marrow transplantation (BMT) is on the increase worldwide. With BMT's increasing utilization and increasing success, the number of BMT survivors in the United States alone is expected to surpass 500 000 by the year 2030. BMT survivors are susceptible to a host of long-term side effects and complications. The pediatric and adolescent and young adult (AYA) populations comprise an increasing proportion of BMT survivors. Though these populations are both at risk of a specific set of sequelae and faced with the additional challenge of transitioning to adult care, no previous literature has addressed their specific challenges. In this review, we illustrate with clinical vignettes the need for focused and specific survivorship clinics for pediatric/AYA BMT survivors. We then focus on the following areas pertaining to pediatric BMT survivorship and care: (1) psychological health, (2) neurocognition, (3) endocrine health, (4) infertility resources, (5) issues in transition from pediatric to adult clinicians, (6) preventative services and (7) cost of care issues.
Operative Versus Nonoperative Management of Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Introduction Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), but pancreatic operations carry a significant morbidity. We investigated whether the resection of small, asymptomatic nonfunctioning PNETs is beneficial. Clinicopathologic factors were retrospectively reviewed for all PNET cases from 1998 to 2014.
An Evolutionary Explanation for Sex Differences in Nonmarital Breakup Experiences

Previous research has extensively studied sex differences in mating strategies such as mate preferences and degree of choosiness and how these affect relationship initiation. Very little research, however, has examined these sex differences and how they may play a role in nonmarital relationship dissolution. The existing literature that does examine nonmarital breakups tends to do so from a clinical perspective and neglects the evolutionary approach. The current study uses self-report data gathered from 392 participants through Mechanical Turk to expand upon the sparse existing literature on nonmarital relationship dissolution from an evolutionary perspective to investigate how sex differences in mating strategies affect breakup processes such as the coping period, emotions experienced, and post-breakup behaviors. Results revealed that women require a longer time period to get over an ex-partner with a good sense of humor and are more likely to make in-person contact with such an ex-partner. For post-breakup emotions, women were significantly more likely to report feeling happy which likely is a reflection of the finding that they were more likely to initiate breakups. Men, on the other hand, were more likely to report feeling sexually frustrated following relationship dissolution. Post-breakup behaviors were predicted by breakup initiator rather than participant gender. Overall, these findings support sexual dimorphism in the value of humor and greater female choosiness even after initial mate selection.
Divorce Legal Rules and Free Spirits

This article critiques divorce law irrelevance theories which hold that the shift from fault to no-fault divorce laws did not increase divorce levels. We show why from a theoretical perspective the reverse is more plausible; and present new evidence that the adoption of no-fault divorce laws did result in higher divorce levels.
Detecting molecular recognition with adaptive interferometry: The adaptive-optical BioCD

We have developed a high-speed interferometric optical assay called the BioCD. It is a spinning disk on which antibody molecules are printed that test for specific proteins in biological samples. The class of the BioCD that I will describe here uses adaptive beam combining in a photorefractive quantum well device to establish interferometric phase quadrature between the signal and reference beams. The interferometer is linearly sensitive to small numbers of captured biological molecules and adaptively compensates for mechanical vibrations and wobble in the optical disk.
The DSM-5: Implications for Health Law

In May 2013, the American Psychiatric Association released the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (“DSM-5”). Among other changes, the DSM-5 includes new entries for hoarding disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder as well as a reclassified entry for gambling disorder. Using these changes as examples, this Article examines the implications of the DSM-5 for key issues in health law, including health insurance coverage, public and private disability benefit eligibility, and disability discrimination protection. As a descriptive matter, this Article illustrates how the addition of new disorders and the reclassification of existing disorders in the DSM- 5 can significantly impact health insurance coverage and has some relevance to disability benefit eligibility and disability discrimination protection. From a normative perspective, this Article offers guidelines designed to prevent attorneys, judges, and other nonclinicians from abusing the DSM-5 in civil and administrative health law proceedings.
Enhancing the safety of antibody-based immunomodulatory cancer therapy without compromising therapeutic benefit: Can we have our cake and eat it too?

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated clinical benefit in treating patients with cancer and have paved the way for additional immune-modulating mAbs such as those targeting costimulatory receptors. The full clinical utility of these agents, however, is hampered by immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that can occur during therapy.Areas covered: We first provide a general overview of tumor immunity, followed by a review of the two major classes of immunomodulatory mAbs being developed as cancer therapeutics: checkpoint inhibitors and costimulatory receptor agonists. We then discuss therapy-associated adverse events. Finally, we describe in detail the mechanisms driving their therapeutic activity, with an emphasis on interactions between antibody fragment crystallizable (Fc) domains and Fc receptors (FcR).Expert Opinion: Given that Fc-FcR interactions appear critical in facilitating the ability of immunomodulatory mAbs to elicit both therapeuti...
PS11 - 52. Submitting an abstract to the Annual Dutch Diabetes Research Meeting 2012

The Quality of Life (QoL) method aims to improve the pediatric care for youngsters with type 1 diabetes. Prior to the consult with the diabetes team, adolescents fill in the MY-Q questionnaire regarding their psychosocial wellbeing. Outcomes are discussed in the subsequent consultation.
Effect of penicillamine on the proliferative response of human lymphocytes.

SummaryMitogen-stimulated normal human lymphocytes were exposed to d-penicillamine (d-pen) at various concentrations and different time intervals. d-Pen inhibited-lymphocyte response to mitogen stimulation and was also inhibitory to the mixed lymphocyte reaction. The inhibition was found to be partial and dose dependent. The inhibition of lymphocyte transformation was not due to nonspecific inhibition of protein, RNA, or DNA synthesis. The drug was inhibitory only when it was present during the first 20 hr of culture. The inhibitory effect seemed to be related to some process prior to the initiation of the replicative phase. It is suggested that d-pen may block the signal for the initiation of DNA replication, or partially inhibit the activation of enzymes required for the above process.