cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SU‐E‐J‐179: Clinical Application of 40o Very Limited Angle CBCT (VLA CBCT) for Target Localization of Lung Cancer Patient Who Is Treated with SBRT and ABC in Conventional Radiation Therapy

Purpose: 40o VLA CBCT is used to verify the target position of lungcancer patient treated with x‐ray Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy(SBRT) and Automatic Breath Coordinator (ABC) using Elekta SynergyTM linear accelerator, and XVITM CBCT. Methods: Limited Angle CBCT (LA CBCT) with 40o scanning angles is determined by (1) the maximum time the patient can hold breath (15–20 seconds) under ABC technique, and (2) the minimum scan angles to reconstruct the target with minimum artifacts due to incomplete projections, and (3) the start and stop angles of the LA CBCT, which is determined by the location of the tumor as well as geometry of the lung. Based upon the phantom study, 40o CBCT (with S20 collimator and H&N reconstruction option) starting from 160 to 200 is the optimum to reconstruct the target in coronal images. In the range of these angles, the target is minimally over‐shadowed by the vertebral bodies and mediastinum, thus the target can be determined in the CBCTimages. Free‐breathing (FB) CBCT is taken to determine the maximum range of the target movements, and 4 sets of VLA CBCT are taken to investigate the reproducibility of the VLA CBCT procedure.Results: The target movements with FB CBFT are ∼1cm in lateral and AP direction, and 2.5cm in Sup/Inf direction. The average motions during 4 breadth‐hold procedures are less than 5mm, which is on the order of uncertainties in intra/inter user variation. Also, VLA CBCT's are taken every 3 fields of the treatment. Their movements are the same ranges. Conclusions: The VLA CBCT is very effective to evaluate the target movements in the middle of the lung and to acquire images (20 seconds for VLA CBCT vs 2minutes for conventional 360o CBCT). Also, patient dose is reduced from 3–4cGy with standard CBCTto<0.1cGy.
Alcohol-related sexual consequences during the transition from high school to college

Alcohol use and risky sexual behavior are significant problems on college campuses. Using a prospective design, the present study sought to explore the relationship between alcohol use and experience of alcohol-related sexual consequences (ARSC) during the transition from high school to the first year of college. During the senior year of high school, and following the first year of college, participants completed assessments of alcohol use, problem drinking behavior, ARSC, and potential influences on drinking behaviors, including parental knowledge of alcohol use, peer influences, motivation for alcohol use, and mood state. Data indicated that 29% of men and 35% of women indicated some form of ARSC during the last year of high school, rates that increased by 6-7% for the first year of college (36% of men and 41% of women). The onset or recurrence of ARSC in college was not explained by differential increases in alcohol use between high school and college. Low levels of positive affect, low motivation to consume alcohol to cope, and high levels of peer alcohol use were associated with repeated ARSC in high school and college; whereas drinking to enhance positive affect and low parental knowledge of alcohol use were associated with the onset of such consequences in college. Implications for intervention are discussed.
Characterization of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase induced by human cytomegalovirus infection

Infection of human diploid embryonic lung (MRC5) cells by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), strain AD169, increased the activity of a key enzyme in the synthesis of polyamines: S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (E.C. 4.1.1.50). The initial peak of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity occurred about 15 h postinfection. S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase was purified using a highly specific affinity chromatography step from HCMV-infected and control uninfected MRC5 cells. No difference was found between the two enzymes in their stability to heat or effect of pH on activity. Both enzymes were activated only by putrescine. The appKm for S-adenosylmethionine for the virus-induced enzyme was 1.7 times higher than the appKm for the control enzyme. The most dramatic difference observed was in the effect of high salt concentration on enzyme activity. S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from HCMV-infected cells was unaffected by 0.8 M NaCl, whereas the enzyme from uninfected cells was inhibited by 50% at 0.45 M NaCl and was significantly inhibited at a concentration of 0.8 M NaCl. Thus, different forms of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase probably exist in infected and uninfected MRC5 cells.
Transcriptional activation of human CYP17 in H295R adrenocortical cells depends on complex formation among p54nrb/NonO, protein-associated splicing factor, and SF-1, a complex that also participates in repression of transcription

The first 57 bp upstream of the transcription initiation site of the human CYP17 (hCYP17) gene are essential for both basal and cAMP-dependent transcription. EMSA carried out by incubating H295R adrenocortical cell nuclear extracts with radiolabeled -57/-38 probe from the hCYP17 promoter showed the formation of three DNA-protein complexes. The fastest complex contained steroidogenic factor (SF-1) and p54(nrb)/NonO, the intermediate complex contained p54(nrb)/NonO and polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor (PSF), and the slowest complex contained an SF-1/PSF/p54(nrb)/NonO complex. (Bu)(2)cAMP treatment resulted in a cAMP-inducible increase in the binding intensity of only the upper complex and also activated hCYP17 gene transcription. SF-1 coimmunoprecipitated with p54(nrb)/NonO, indicating direct interaction between these proteins. Functional assays revealed that PSF represses basal transcription. Further, the repression of hCYP17 promoter-reporter construct luciferase activity resulted from PSF interacting with the corepressor mSin3A. Trichostatin A attenuated the inhibition of basal transcription, suggesting that a histone deacetylase interacts with the SF-1/PSF/p54(nrb)/NonO/mSin3A complex. Our studies lend support to the idea that the balance between transcriptional activation and repression is essential in the control of adrenocortical steroid hormone biosynthesis.
Thomson scattering diagnostic system design for the Compact Toroidal Hybrid experimenta)

A new Thomson scattering system using standard commercially available components has been designed for the non-axisymmetric plasmas of the Compact Toroidal Hybrid (CTH). The beam, generated by a frequency doubled Continuum PL DLS 2 J Nd:YAG laser, is passed vertically through an entrance Brewster window and an aperturing baffle system to minimize the stray laser light that could enter the collection optics. The beam line has been designed with an 8 m propagation distance to the mid-plane of the CTH device with the beam diameter kept less than 3 mm inside the plasma volume. The beam exits the vacuum system through another Brewster window and enters a beam dump, again to minimize the stray light in the vacuum chamber. Light collection, spectral processing, and signal detection are accomplished with an f/#∼ 1 aspheric lens, a commercially available Holospec f/1.8 spectrometer, and an Andor iStar DH740-18U-C3 image intensified camera. Spectral rejection of stray laser light, if needed, can be performed with t...
The applications of X-ray excited optical fluorescence to analytical chemistry

Abstract Apparatus for measuring the X-ray excited optical emission spectra is described. A technique is described for quantitatively measuring the concentration of Tb, Dy, Eu and Gd in Y 2 O 3 . The limits of detectivity were found to be 0·02, 0·03, 1·0 and 1·0 ppm respectively. A method for substantially reducing these limits is given. The limit of detectivity for rare earth impurities in synthetic garnets and CeO 2 appears to be comparable to that measured in Y 2 O 3 .
Sci-Thurs PM: Delivery-02: Improving image quality produced by CCD cameras exposed to stray radiation from a medical linac.

Purpose:Charge coupled devices (CCDs) are increasingly used in radiation therapy. CCDs are ideal for applications such as two‐dimensional dosimetry of scintillator sheets or to read arrays of miniature scintillation detectors. However, CCDs are sensitive to stray radiation. Radiation‐induced noise strongly alters images and limits their quantitative analysis. We have characterized radiation‐induced noise and developed filtration algorithms to restore image quality. Method and Materials: Two models of CCDcameras were used for measurements in linac environments. Images were acquired with and without radiation. The structure of the transient noise was characterized. Then, four methods of noise filtration were compared: median filtering of a time series of images, uniform median filtering of single images, an adaptive filter with switching mechanism and a modified version of the adaptive filter. Results: The intensity distribution of noisy pixels was similar in both cameras. However, the spatial distribution of the noise was different: the average noise cluster size was 1.2±0.6 and 3.2±2.7 pixels for each of the two cameras. The median of a time series of image resulted in the best filtration and minimal image distortion. For applications where time series is impractical, adaptive filtration must be used to reduce image distortion. Conclusion: We have characterized the transient noise produced in CCDs by scattered radiation from a linac and have developed an efficient filtration scheme to remove this noise and restore image quality. Use of our filtration scheme allows detailed quantitative analysis of an image even when subjected to scattered radiation.
Efficacy of 35% PEROX-AID (Hydrogen Peroxide) in Reducing an Infestation of Gyrodactylus salmonis in Freshwater-Reared Rainbow Trout

Abstract Gyrodactylus salmonis is a monogenean ectoparasite that can infest a variety of captive-reared salmonid fishes. The physical damage inflicted during severe infestations can cause osmoregulatory disturbances and potentially render individuals more vulnerable to secondary pathogens. If not treated, G. salmonis infestations can reduce growth and survival in affected fish populations. Many chemical compounds have been used to treat Gyrodactylus infestations; however, little information has been published about the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for Gyrodactylus control. Consequently, we conducted a trial to evaluate the efficacy of H2O2 in reducing a natural infestation of G. salmonis in freshwater-reared, adult rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Triplicate tanks of adult rainbow trout (20 fish per tank; length = 45.6 ± 5.8 cm and weight = 1.3 ± 0.4 kg, mean ± SD) were exposed to a static bath of H2O2 at a target dosage of 50 mg/L or hatchery water (sham treatment) for 30 min/d on two alternate days...
Phylogenetic search through partial tree mixing

Background: Recent advances in sequencing technology have created large data sets upon which phylogenetic inference can be performed. Current research is limited by the prohibitive time necessary to perform tree search on a reasonable number of individuals. This research develops new phylogenetic algorithms that can operate on tens of thousands of species in a reasonable amount of time through several innovative search techniques. Results: When compared to popular phylogenetic search algorithms, better trees are found much more quickly for large data sets. These algorithms are incorporated in the PSODA application available at http://dna.cs.byu.edu/ psoda Conclusions: The use of Partial Tree Mixing in a partition based tree space allows the algorithm to quickly converge on near optimal tree regions. These regions can then be searched in a methodical way to determine the overall optimal phylogenetic solution.
Segmentation of textured images using a multiple resolution approach

A method is presented for segmenting images into a discrete set of classes by first segmenting at low resolution and then progressing to finer resolutions until individual pixels are classified. This multiple resolution method results in accurate segmentations and requires significantly less computation than some previously known methods. The segmentation algorithm used at each resolution is based on maximum a posteriori estimation of the field of pixel classifications, which is modeled as a Markov random field. The maximization is performed by a deterministic greedy algorithm which iteratively chooses the classification of individual pixels or blocks of pixels. A texture model is also developed which allows the extraction of a texture statistic for each pixel and is well suited for use with the proposed algorithm. Measurements of algorithm performance under varying conditions of region size and signal-to-noise ratio are presented. >
Role of Physical Structures in Bulk Oils on Lipid Oxidation

Lipid oxidation is important to food manufacturers especially when they increase unsaturated lipids in their products to improve nutritional profiles. Unfortunately, the number of antioxidants available to food manufacturers to control oxidative rancidity is limited and the approval of new antioxidants is unlikely due to economic barriers in obtaining government approval for new food additives. Therefore, new antioxidant technologies are needed for food oils. This paper reviews the current knowledge of lipid oxidation in foods with emphasis on how physical properties of food systems impact oxidation chemistry. In particular, the role of association colloids in bulk oils on lipid oxidation chemistry is discussed in an attempt to understand mechanisms of oxidation. Increasing the understanding of how physical properties impact lipid oxidation could lead to the development of novel antioxidant technologies that not only protect the oil against oxidation and increase shelf-life but also allow food manufacturers to include more nutritionally beneficial fatty acids in their products.
C- and D-weighted ultrasonic imaging using the translating apertures algorithm

Conventional ultrasonic imaging systems depict tissue backscatter, that is, the ultrasonic energy reflected directly back toward the transmitter. Although diagnostically useful, these systems fail to exploit the information available in components of the sound field scattered in other directions. This paper describes a new method of imaging this angular scatter. First, the translating apertures algorithm (TAA) is used to acquire data at two scattering angles. Then, these data are processed to yield an image of the common scattering with angle and the differential scattering with angle. This paper explores the potential of these common-weighted (c-weighted) and difference-weighted (d-weighted) images using theory and simulations. In addition, it describes and analyzes the performance of the TAA when it is applied using multiple receive elements. Analysis is presented that shows that, in Rayleigh scattering environments, c- and d-weighted images depict compressibility and density variations, respectively. A simulated image and accompanying analysis are presented that show the potential of these techniques to improve soft tissue contrast and to increase the detectability of microcalcifications. A comparison with previous angular scatter measurement techniques shows that use of the TAA significantly reduces statistical variability in measured angular scatter profiles. Spatially localized, statistically reliable angular scatter measurements will enable a broad range of angular scatter imaging techniques. C- and d-weighted imaging may ultimately he applied clinically to identify calcification in atherosclerotic plaques and breast tumors.
Optimum Antenna Height for Ionospheric Scatter Communication

Radiation patterns of elevated antennas over spherical earth for scatter propagation in the lower ionosphere incorporating refraction, parallax, spherical divergence, tropospheric defocusing, and near-horizon diffraction have been used to compute the height gain function resulting from raising and lowering symmetric transmitting and receiving antennas for a fixed path length. This height gain function shows that a broad range of lower antenna heights has a gain over that antenna height computed with the same model which places the maximum of the first lobe at the path midpoint. The maximum of this function is defined as the optimum antenna height.
Optimizing bandwidth allocation in cellular networks with multirate traffic

The efficient allocation of bandwidth in a cellular network with integrated heterogeneous ATM traffic poses a challenging problem, as the exact traffic mix or other detailed traffic descriptions are typically unknown in these networks. We present a an efficient solution that uses traffic parameters consisting only of the aggregated average traffic load in each cell and the available total bandwidth for each cluster of cells. We demonstrate that the proposed "Fair Share" algorithm can do significantly better than the intuitive load proportional bandwidth allocation. Furthermore, while for practicality the proposed method uses only aggregated traffic information, the solution provides a performance guarantee for even the most congested cells. The solution, built on nontrivial mathematical results, is simple, robust and well suited for practical implementation.
Management of Aggression Among Demented or Brain-Injured Patients

Nurses' responses to aggression among patients with dementia or brain injury are not fully informed by evidence-based interventions. For this reason, the primary purpose of this investigation was to delineate a conceptual framework of optimal therapeutic interventions to manage verbal and behavioral aggression among these individuals. Meta-synthesis methods were used, and findings from seven reports of qualitative research were synthesized. Therapeutic management of aggression among patients with dementia or brain injury was captured by the metaphor entering the patient's world. This process involves getting to know the patient behind the aggression and normalizing their experiences. Nurses are encouraged to become a part of the patient's world and to strive for mutual understanding and action. Patient negativity is downplayed and interactions are shaped in thoughtfully creative ways. Therapeutic management of aggression results in positive outcomes for nurses as well as patients.
Integrating Adult Learning Principles Into Training for Public Health Practice

Providing training and planned learning experiences to practitioners and community partners is fundamental to effective public health. The extent to which principles of adult learning currently guide such training is unknown and likely varies widely. The purpose of this article is to introduce five principles of adult learning and discuss how each can be applied in assessing trainee needs, planning and delivering training, and evaluating training processes and outcomes. Training guided by these principles should facilitate adult learning, collaborative efforts, and mutual respect between agencies, practitioners, and community partners.
P-cell and N-cell based IGBT module: Layout design, parasitic extraction, and experimental verification

This paper proposes a novel packaging method for power electronics modules based on the concepts of P-cell and N-cell. It can reduce the stray inductance in the current commutation path in a phase-leg module and hence improve the switching behavior. Two IGBT phase-leg modules, specifically a P-cell and N-cell based module and a conventional module are designed. Using Ansoft Q3D Extractor, electromagnetic simulation is carried out to extract the stray inductance from the two modules. Switching behavior with different package parasitics is studied based on Saber simulation. Two prototype phase-leg modules based on two different designs are fabricated. The parasitics are measured using a precision impedance analyzer. The measurement results agree with the simulation very well.
Conservation genetics and the persistence and translocation of small populations: bighorn sheep populations as examples

Understanding and evaluating the factors that influence the persistence of small populations and establishment of new populations are basic goals of conservation biology. Genetic effects due to genetic drift and inbreeding can have important impacts on the success of new populations. Many bighorn sheep populations in western North America have had low numbers and many have gone extinct. Here, the possible effects of genetic drift and inbreeding are evaluated in three populations of desert bighorn sheep initiated in the 1970s from translocations. One of these has no molecular genetic data but has substantial demographic data (Aravaipa Canyon), one has both extensive demographic data and some molecular genetic data (Red Rock), and one has limited demographic data and some molecular genetic data (Tiburon Island). Overall, either from theoretical pedigree analysis and population genetic estimates from demographic history (Aravaipa, Tiburon) or from molecular data (Red Rock, Tiburon), it appears that the levels of genetic drift and inbreeding are substantial in all of these populations. This impact was larger when higher variance in male reproductive success was assumed. In other words, it appears that genetic factors are and will be important in the establishment and persistence of these populations. These examples in long-term monitored bighorn sheep populations are relevant to many endangered species in similar situations where demographic data are available but there is little or no historical molecular genetic data.
Heavy Ion Testing of Commercial GaN Transistors in the Radio Frequency Spectrum

Commercial gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are tested in the radio frequency (RF) spectrum at heavy ion facilities to explore space environment stresses on these emerging technologies. Findings indicate that gate leakage degradation is a key parameter to consider when selecting devices. Variations in the manufacturing process may drive product selection for use in harsh environments.
Flaw Stability Considering Residual Stress for Aging Management of Spent Nuclear Fuel Multiple-Purpose Canisters

A typical multipurpose canister (MPC) is made of austenitic stainless steel and is loaded with spent nuclear fuel assemblies. Because heat treatment for stress relief is not required for the construction of the MPC, the canister is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in the weld or heat affected zone regions under long-term storage conditions. Logic for flaw acceptance is developed should crack-like flaws be detected by Inservice Inspection. The procedure recommended by API 579-1/ASME FFS-1, Fitness-for-Service, is used to calculate the instability crack length or depth by failure assessment diagram. It is demonstrated that the welding residual stress has a strong influence on the results.
Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation: Percutaneous Therapies Needed

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) can arise from structural leaflet changes (primary TR) as a result of a variety of causes. More commonly, TR is secondary (functional TR [FTR]) and occurs when there is impaired coaptation of normal tricuspid valve leaflets in the setting of right ventricular enlargement
Empowering great teachers.

Long ago, U.S. business learned the benefits of constantly soliciting advice from workers on the shop floor by studying the startling success of the Japanese automobile industry. But the vast majority of U.S. school districts have remained hierarchical operations that ignore the wisdom available from their best classroom teachers. After decades of failed top-down solutions, now is the time to create a massive national movement that empowers and deeply respects our teachers. Scientists and science teachers can lead the way.
Electron trapping on Fe3+ sites in photodoped ZnO colloidal nanocrystals

The effects of photodoping on the electronic structure of Fe3+-doped ZnO colloidal nanocrystals are presented. We observe disappearance of the spectroscopic signatures attributed to both substitutional Fe3+ and interstitial Fe3+ in the ZnO host as a function of photodoping time, which precede the appearance of the well-known localized surface plasmon resonance from conduction band electrons in ZnO nanocrystals. These results suggest that the oxidation state of Fe3+ defects can be reversibly switched in ZnO nanocrystals.
Greater host breadth still not associated with increased diversification rate in the Nymphalidae—A response to Janz et al.

In their technical comment, Janz et al. take issue with our recent study examining the association between host breadth and diversification rates in the brush-footed butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) (Hamm and Fordyce 2015). Specifically, they are concerned that we misrepresent their "oscillation hypothesis" (OH) (Janz et al. 2006; Janz and Nylin 2008) and that one of our models was inadequate to test hypotheses regarding host breadth and diversification rate. Given our mutual interests in the macroevolutionary patterns of herbivorous insects, we appreciate the opportunity to respond to their concerns.
Automaticity of Central Neurones After Nicotine Block of Synapses

The discovery that central neurones manifest a rhythmic electrical potential in the absence of deliberate sensory stimulation suggested that these cells possess an automatic beat homologous to that of the cardiac nodal cells. The possibility of nerve impulses, either from receptors or injured nerves or from closed circuits of interneurones∗ with long maintained activity, had not, however, been excluded. The persistence of a marked potential rhythm in the frog's olfactory bulb for hours after its complete removal and at a time when its only neural connections—the olfactory nerves and cerebral hemispheres—were electrically dead1 seemed to eliminate any action of impulses from receptors or injured neurones. Since, however, stimulation of the olfactory nerves of such a preparation increases the bulb potentials or even reinitiates them after they have stopped and since this enhancement may persist for many minutes or hours following a brief stimulation2 the existence of trapped impulses in closed circuits rema...
Do the distinct synaptic properties of VGLUTs shape pain

The somatosensory system transmits touch, temperature, itch and pain. Three vesicular glutamate transporter isoforms mediate the release of glutamate throughout the mammalian nervous system with largely non-overlapping distributions and unique roles at the synapse. This review discusses the contribution of each of these essential transporters to circuits underlying pain and other somatosensory behaviors throughout postnatal development and in the adult. A better understanding of the individual contributions of the VGLUT isoforms could provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Molecular epidemiological study on oxidative DNA damage among Hasake ethnic migrants in Shenzhen

objective To explore the relationship of migration and oxidative DNA damage by comparative study of oxidative DNA damage effects on people with difierent years of migration among Xinjiang Hasake ethnecity in Shenzhen.Methods Sixty Hasake residents in Shenzhen were selected,and were divided into three groups(n=20)according to the years of migration.Major changes of their life style were investigated.8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine(8-OH-dG)levels in urine were analyzed,and comet assay of peripheral blood lymphocytes conducted.Results When comparing with the group having a shorter than 1 year of stay,a significant decrease of oliveive tail moment and tail/head length in comet assay in the＞3 years group(P＜0.05)was observed 8-OH-dG level decreased significantly in 1-3 years group (P＜0.05)and＞3 years group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Our results suggested that life style changes which related to migration might reduce DNA damage in Hasake nationalities. Key words: Migration; Life style; Comet assay; 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine; Hasake ethnic
The evolving serology of viral hepatitis.

Knowledge of a relatively few facts about the serologic events in hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and non-A, non-B hepatitis can allow the clinician to improve diagnostic accuracy and to provide better management of both the patient and the contacts of the patient. Passive immunization for hepatitis A and hepatitis B is available, and active immunization against hepatitis B may make this infection a clinical curiosity in the future.
National Elm Trial Update for Iowa, 2007

The graceful American elm that once dominated urban forests across the United States has essentially disappeared from urban landscapes after the introduction of Dutch elm disease. This tragedy illustrates why it is essential to maximize genetic diversity within the nation’s urban forests. Exotic pathogens and insects continue to threaten the health of our shade trees. Dutch elm disease-resistant elm cultivars could enhance the diversity as well as the beauty of urban forests. Although many Dutch elm disease-resistant elm cultivars are available in the nursery trade, much of the public is hesitant to purchase and plant any elm tree. In order to promote interest in planting these trees, scientific data on growth, form, and pest resistance for existing Dutch elm disease resistant elm cultivars are essential.
Computation of multi-attribute seismic wavefields by solution of the elastodynamic equations

By using the elastodynamic equations rather than wave equations for seismogram synthesis, multi-attribute wave fields can be computed in a single execution of one program. In the present implementation, for 2-D models, the wave fields and seismograms produced include any or all of the following: two components of each of particle acceleration, particle velocity, and particle displacement; two components of normal strain; shear strain; two components of normal stress; shear stress; and the dilatation and curl of the particle displacement. If flexible source and receiver configurations are also included, a single piece of software can be used for most seismic modeling applications. This significantly reduces the need for development and maintenance of separate programs. The algorithm is illustrated using waves synthesized for an explosive source in a layered medium. Snapshots and seismograms at both surface and borehole arrays are presented.
Du Bois’ Theory of Beauty: Battles of Femininity in Darkwater and Dark Princess

This article explores Du Bois’ theory of beauty that rests upon the axis of racial uplift and troubling, if not misogynistic, portrayals of women in his fictive works. The article employs depictions of women in two of Du Bois’ endeavors—Dark Princess and Darkwater—finding that his rigid abidance to the mandate that “all art should be propaganda” leaves women he deemed unattractive by the wayside. In his fiction and prose pieces, beauty is inextricably linked to politics and consequently the standards of including black women in art and literature became prescriptions for their places in life and his program of racial uplift. Had he taken the advice from other authors, such as Langston Hughes, he may have enjoyed the aesthetic liberty to invite all forms of exterior blackness into his project of aesthetic racial uplift serving early twentieth century black activism.
Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry on the Threshold of a New Century

At a workshop of the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association in 1980, the author and a number of his colleagues explored the values and assumptions then prevalent in consultation-liaison (CL) settings. The mood was generally upbeat, and most participants had great hopes for the biopsychosocial model potentially becoming a shared value among all physicians (Engel, 1977; Leigh, Feinstein & Reiser, 1980). The panelists described various forms of integrative biopsychosocial approaches in teaching medical students and other trainees. They also noted major changes impacting the CL psychiatrist in the 1970’s due to changes in health care reimbursement system, and in medical ethics with the advent of newer medical technologies, such as hemodialysis, open heart surgery, organ transplants, and life support systems.
Variable MR and pathologic patterns of hemorrhage after iodinated contrast infusion in MCA occlusion/reperfusion model

Objective To examine the hypothesis that IA reperfusion with iso-osmolar iodixanol, low-osmolar iopamidol, or saline causes different effects on MR signal changes and pathologic cut-brain section related to hemorrhagic transformation (HT) or iodinated radiographic contrast media (IRCM) deposition. Methods Infarct was induced in 30 rats by middle cerebral artery suture occlusion. Reperfusion was performed after 5 hours with iso-osmolar iodixanol (n=9), low-osmolar iopamidol (n=12) or saline (n=9). MR images were obtained immediately after reperfusion and rats were sacrificed at 24 hours. Hypointense areas within the infarction on T2-weighted (T2-WI) or gradient echo (GRE) images were recorded and compared with HT on pathology. Fisher9s exact test was used for proportions, and receiver operator curve analysis to evaluate MRI discrimination of hemorrhage. Results Two types of HT were noted on pathology: confluent >0.2 mm petechial hemorrhage (PeH, 78%) or well-defined ≤0.2 mm hemorrhagic focus (HF, 22%). PeH was least common in the iodixanol subgroup (p Conclusions IRCM and saline induced different MRI signal and pathologic patterns in our sample. We postulate that T2 hypointensity with no GRE hypointensity might be associated with IRCM deposition; and decreased frequency of PeH after iodixanol infusion and the presence of HF almost exclusively in the IRCM group might represent a direct/indirect effect of contrast infusion/deposition in the brain parenchyma after reperfusion. Our results support previous observations in IMS III and are hypothesis generating.
A phase I mass-balance study to evaluate the metabolism and excretion of [14C]-sunitinib (SU11248) in healthy male subjects

LB-354 Introduction: Preclinical data from rats and monkeys indicate that sunitinib malate (an oral, multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase [RTK] inhibitor of VEGFRs, PDGFRs and other RTKs with direct antitumor and antiangiogenic activity) and its metabolites are mainly excreted in feces, with urinary excretion as a minor route of elimination. An open-label, mass-balance study was conducted in healthy male subjects to characterize: the primary routes of elimination of sunitinib and drug-related materials; the pharmacokinetics of total radioactivity, and plasma sunitinib and SU12662 (its primary desethylated active metabolite); and to identify the metabolites of sunitinib in plasma, urine, and/or feces if possible. Methods: On day 1, 8 subjects (>18 years) received a single, oral 50-mg sunitinib capsule containing approximately 100 µCi of [14C]-sunitinib. Serial blood samples and urine and feces were collected at specified times over 21 days. Results: Six subjects were evaluable for pharmacokinetics and 8 for safety. The mean cumulative recovery in feces (61%) and urine (16%) accounted for approximately 77% of the radioactive dose over the 21 days, with the majority of recovery in the first 7 days. Fecal excretion was the major route of elimination of sunitinib and drug-related materials being 4-fold greater than the urinary route. Sunitinib and SU12662 were the primary components identified in plasma, feces, and urine. The only other identifiable component in urine was the N-oxide SU12487; however, its levels were too low to be detected in metabolite profiling evaluations. As determined by metabolite profiling, sunitinib and SU12662 represented 71% and 20.5%, respectively, of radioactivity in the pooled plasma samples (total, 91.5%) and 44.9% and 41.5%, respectively, of radioactivity in the pooled urine samples (total, 86.4%). Two other minor metabolites were radiochemically quantifiable in feces only. The mean (%CV) AUCinf and Cmax as measured by LC-MS-MS for sunitinib were 1063 (25) ng*hr/mL and 24.4 (16) ng/mL, respectively; for SU12662, these were 593 (15) ng*hr/mL and 6.2 (29) ng/mL, respectively. There were no clinically significant (grade 3 or 4) adverse events, deaths, serious adverse events, or withdrawals due to adverse events reported in this study. All treatment- and non-treatment-related adverse events were grade 1 and resolved. Conclusions: Data from this phase I mass-balance study of healthy human subjects are consistent with preclinical models. Sunitinib and SU12662 were the only measurable components in plasma; other minor metabolites were identified only in feces. Plasma pharmacokinetics of sunitinib and SU12662 in the study subjects were consistent with the results observed in previous single-dose studies with non-radiolabeled drug. These results further establish fecal excretion as the major route of elimination of sunitinib.
Limited effectiveness of over‐the‐counter plant preparations used for the treatment of urinary tract infections as inhibitors of the urease activity from Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Aims Urease is a key virulence factor for the Gram-positive urinary tract pathogen Staphylococcus saprophyticus and a potential target for antimicrobial therapy. The enzyme from S. saprophyticus is unusual in that it does not contain cysteine at the active site. The aims of this study were to test 14 over-the-counter plant preparations as inhibitors of this urease and to determine whether they can prevent the increase in pH that normally occurs in bacterial cultures containing urea. Methods and Results Urease activity was measured colorimetrically by the formation of ammonium ions. The green tea and Uva-Ursi preparations reduced urease activity in a soluble extract of S. saprophyticus by more than 75%. Two herbal mixtures were weakly inhibitory and reduced activity by about 25%, but the other products had little or no effect. The green tea and Uva-Ursi extracts also inhibited urease activity in whole cells by more than 75%. One of the herbal products (WishGarden UTI) showed some inhibition of urease activity but the other (UTI Clear) did not. The green tea and Uva-Ursi preparations prevented the increase in pH that normally occurs when S. saprophyticus is grown in an artificial urine medium, but this was due primarily to bacterial death. The WishGarden UTI preparation could partially delay the pH increase while allowing some cells to remain viable. Conclusion These results indicate that only a few of the commercially available over-the-counter plant preparations commonly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) can inhibit the urease activity from S. saprophyticus. Significance and Impact of the Study While over-the-counter plant preparations may be considered an alternative to traditional antibiotics for the treatment of UTIs, they should be used with caution and a product should be matched to the properties of the virulence factors of the bacterial pathogen involved.
A fast and ultra low power time-based spiking neuromorphic architecture for embedded applications

Time-based Spiking Neural Network (SNN) has recently received increased attentions in neuromorphic computing system designs due to more bio-plausibility and better energy-efficiency. However, unleashing its potentials in realistic cognitive applications is facing significant challenges such as inefficient information representations and impractical learnings. In this work, we aim for exploring a practical time-based Spiking Neuromorphic Engine (SNE) to fulfill the demand of real-world applications. A holistic hardware-favorable solution set across time-based coding, learning and decoding is proposed accordingly to close the gap between hardware and bio-plausibility. Experimental results in cognitive benchmarks (e.g. MNIST dataset) show that our proposed SNE achieves remarkable improvements in synaptic efficiency and power with a comparable accuracy and throughput when compared to the popular rate-coding based SNN and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Unlike the complicated convolutional neural network (CNN) or deep neural network (DNN) that requires expensive hardware resource, our work prototypes a light but powerful time-based SNN framework with unique advantages for cognitive tasks performed in ultra low power and resource constrained platforms.
Abstract W P160: Elevated Lipoprotein A Levels Predict Worse Short-term Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Lipoprotein A (Lp(a)) is a risk factor for vascular disease; however, few studies have examined the relationship between serum levels of Lp(a) and patient outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). In this study, we sought to assess whether AIS patients with elevated Lp(a) levels exhibit characteristic differences in stroke severity, in-hospital complications, and short-term outcomes as compared to patients with normal Lp(a) levels. Methods: From our prospective stroke registry, patients consecutively admitted and diagnosed with AIS 07/2008-10/2013 were included if Lp(a) levels were measured during admission. Regressions, adjusting for key covariates, analyzed outcomes in patients with elevated (+) and severely elevated (++) Lp(a) with respect to normal (-) Lp(a). The primary outcome was poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale > 2) on discharge. Results: Among the 1,453 patients in our stroke registry, 159 patients met our inclusion criteria; 24 patients (15.1%) were in the +Lp(a) group and 37 patients (23.3%) in the ++Lp(a) group. After adjustment for total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides, patients with ++Lp(a) were more than twice as likely to experience poor functional outcome (OR=2.48, 95% CI 1.0781-5.7231, p=0.033) as those with -Lp(a). Adjusting for age, NIHSS baseline, history of diabetes, admission glucose level, and tPA administration, patients with ++Lp(a) were more than 2.5 times more likely to experience poor functional outcome (OR=2.59, 95% CI 1.0129-6.6282, p=0.047) as compared to those with -Lp(a). Conclusions: Lp(a) elevation predicts higher odds of poor functional outcomes for patients with AIS compared to patients with normal levels. Our findings support the utility of Lp(a) level as a clinically useful biomarker in the development of patient risk profiles.
Phonon-boundary scattering in nanoporous silicon films: Comparison of Monte Carlo techniques

The thermal conductivities of silicon thin films with periodic pore arrays (i.e., nanoporous films) and square silicon nanowires are predicted at a temperature of 300 K. The bulk phonon properties are obtained from lattice dynamics calculations driven by first-principles calculations. Phonon-boundary scattering is included by applying three Monte Carlo-based techniques that treat phonons as particles. The first is a path sampling technique that modifies the intrinsic bulk mean free paths without using the Matthiessen rule. The second uses ray-tracing under an isotropic assumption to calculate a single, mode-independent boundary scattering mean free path that is combined with the intrinsic bulk mean free paths using the Matthiessen rule. The third modifies the ray-tracing technique to calculate the boundary scattering mean free path on a modal basis. For the square nanowire modeled using isotropic ray-tracing, the maximum mean free path is comparable to the wire width, an unphysical result that is a consequence of the isotropic approximation. Free path sampling and modal ray-tracing produce physically meaningful mean free path distributions. The nanoporous film thermal conductivity predictions match a previously measured trend, suggesting that coherent effects are not relevant to thermal transport at room temperature. A line-of-sight for phonons in the nanoporous films is found to change how thermal conductivity scales with porosity.
Beyond Colleagues: Women Leaders and Work Relationships

Framed by the Stone Center’s relational-cultural theory (Fletcher, 2007), which proposes that mutual growth occurs through connection, this qualitative exploratory study examines relationships with women colleagues that contribute to the quality of women’s leadership experiences in higher education. Women leaders are affected by gendered organizational culture and by stereotypes of leadership that are predominantly male. They also face contradictions concerning their relationships with each other. Women are perceived to be relationally-oriented and socially responsive, but also back-biting and competitive; expected to show relational skills, but with no acknowledgement of what their skills contribute to organizations; expected to practice solidarity but also perceived as “queen bees.” In the face of these contradictions, interviews with 15 women in leadership at five U.S. universities illuminate the character and contributions of select relationships that women leaders themselves identify as contributing factors to the quality of their leadership experiences. Ten benefits, which accrue both to the women and their institutions, emerged. Two of these benefits are: (1) strategizing and problem-solving; and (2) clarity of ideas, knowledge, and perspective. The benefits loosely align with the five positive outcomes associated with the Stone Center’s relational-cultural model. Results offer alternative ways to think about women leaders’ work-related relationships, recasting the usually invisible skills women bring to them as skills critical to enhancing their leadership, beneficial to the organization, and a means of challenging the status quo of gendered institutional culture. Keywords : women, leadership, colleagues, relational-cultural theory, support, friendship, work relationships
Telemetry monitoring in acute and critical care.

With the expansion of higher acuity patients in non-critical care areas, the perceived need for telemetry monitoring has escalated. Many factors must be kept in mind for institutions pursuing this expansion including: patient criteria for telemetry initiation and discontinuation, staff competency of ECG interpretation, safety, technology required, usability, and cost-effectiveness. All these issues will be addressed in this article. In addition, the components of the monitoring system will also be explained to equip the reader with the information needed to implement and evaluate a telemetry system.
Phenology of desert shrubs in southern Nye County, Nevada

This study was done to document the variability in time of phenological events at different locations on the Nevada Test Site. Phenological events for desert shrubs were recorded, and rainfall and temperature data were gathered for four to six years at eight sites that are located within the northern Mojave Desert, the southern Great Basin Desert, and the transitional zone between them. Results have been graphically displayed to show the variability in phenological activity encountered during the study period and also to show the general correlation between these events and the environmental regime that triggered a particular phenological stage among different species. For a given location a four-to-six-week range in beginning events from year to year was common. In addition to the usual spring activity that normally followed winter rain and snow, most shrub species resumed new growth, and six species were observed to flower and fruit following rare summer or early fall rains. In comparison to surrounding locations, the closed drainage basins within the study area have lower temperatures at night that result in a delay of phenological events in most shrubs.