cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lymphoid cell resistance to glucocorticoids in HIV infection

Abstract In humans infected with the HIV-1 virus there may be a disproportionate severity of signs and symptoms of illness compared to the fraction of CD4+ infected T-lymphoid cells. In part, this may be due to altered intercellular signalling systems and intracellular signal transduction. Glucocorticoids are well known for their effects on the vitality and function of lymphoid cells. Patients with HIV infections often show elevated circulating levels of cortisol, suggesting some misfunction in the regulatory systems that maintain the levels of this critical hormone. At the cellular level, it is known that both acute HIV infection and glucocorticoids can cause apoptotic cell death in thymic lymphocytes. However, chronically HIV-infected cells appear to be resistant to glucocorticoid-evoked cell death. Glucocorticoid receptor-ligand binding studies on patients' cells have shown reduced affinity between the receptor binding sites and test steroids. In vitro, chronically HIV-infected cells of the lymphoid CEM line displayed resistance to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. These cells showed reduced numbers of binding sites with little alteration in apparent affinity between ligand and receptor. Thus it appears that there may often be malfunction of the normal glucocorticoid response in HIV-infected cells probably due to altered interactions between the glucocorticoid receptor and its hormone. Such alterations may have clinical consequences, including the possibility of a relatively longer life span of infected CD4+ T-lymphocytes, as well as systemic effects of chronically elevated cortisol levels.
Effects of divergent selection for serum insulin-like growth factor-I concentration on performance, feed efficiency, and ultrasound measures of carcass composition traits in Angus bulls and heifers

Angus bulls and heifers from lines divergently selected for serum IGF-I concentration were used to evaluate the effects of IGF-I selection line on growth performance and feed efficiency in 2 studies. In study 1, bulls (low line, n = 9; high line, n = 8; initial BW = 367.1 +/- 22.9 kg) and heifers (low line, n = 9; high line, n = 13; initial BW = 286.4 +/- 28.6 kg) were adapted to a roughage-based diet (ME = 1.95 Mcal/kg of DM) for 24 d and fed individually for 77 d by using Calan gate feeders. In study 2, bulls (low line, n = 15; high line, n = 12; initial BW = 297.5 +/- 34.4 kg) and heifers (low line, n = 9; high line, n = 20; initial BW = 256.0 +/- 25.1 kg) were adapted to a grain-based diet (ME = 2.85 Mcal/kg of DM) for 32 d and fed individually for 70 d by using Calan gate feeders. Blood samples were collected at weaning and at the start and end of each study, and serum IGF-I concentration was determined. Residual feed intake (RFI) was calculated, within study, as the residual from the linear regression of DMI on midtest BW(0.75), ADG, sex, sex by midtest BW(0.75) and sex by ADG. In study 1, calves from the low IGF-I selection line had similar initial and final BW and ADG, compared with calves from the high IGF-I selection line. In addition, DMI and feed conversion ratio were similar between IGF-I selection lines; however, calves from the low IGF-I selection line tended (P < 0.10) to have lesser RFI than calves from the high IGF-I selection line (-0.26 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.31 kg/d). In study 2, IGF-I selection line had no influence on performance or feed efficiency traits. However, there was a tendency (P = 0.15) for an IGF-I selection line x sex interaction for RFI. Bulls from the low IGF-I selection line had numerically lesser RFI than those from the high IGF-I selection line, whereas in heifers, the IGF-I selection line had no effect on RFI. In studies 1 and 2, weaning and initial IGF-I concentrations were not correlated with either feed conversion ratio or RFI. However, regression analysis revealed a sex x IGF-I concentration interaction for initial IGF-I concentration in study 1 and weaning IGF-I concentration in study 2 such that the regression coefficient was positive for bulls and negative for heifers. These data suggest that genetic selection for postweaning serum IGF-I concentration had a minimal effect on RFI in beef cattle.
Molecular orbital study of polypeptides. Conformational and electronic structure of polyglycine

Approximate ab initio molecular orbital calculations are presented for the di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentapeptides of glycine. Six key conformations of polyglycine were considered: fully extended, parallel chain-pleated sheet, antiparallel chain-pleated sheet, α helix, 3-10 helix, and polyglycine II. Beyond the pentapeptide level the α-helix and 3-10-helix conformations were predicted to be the most stable. The stability of the latter pair of conformations is attributed to hydrogen bonding, an effect which is confirmed by a detailed population analysis of the wave function. Additional evidence for hydrogen bond formation is provided by the localized molecular orbitals which are reported for several conformations studied here. An analysis of the eigenvalue spectrum of these molecules reveals a band structure that is characteristic of periodic systems. All calculations were performed using the partial retention of diatomic differential overlap (PRDDO) approximation. Comparisons of the PRDDO results with experiment and with other molecular orbital techniques are also made.
Large scale dew collection as a source of fresh water supply

Abstract A scheme for large scale dew collection as a source of freshwater supply is outlined in the present paper. The scheme envisages bringing cold seawater (5°C) from about 500 meters depth and about 5 km from the shore, in 4, 1.22 m diameter plastic pipes. It then passes through a heat exchanger field with an area of 1.29 × 10 5 m 2 (1.39 × 10 6 ft 2 ) where it condenses 643m 3 of dew over the 24 hour period. The pumping of seawater from the sea and through the field is accomplished by three 200 kW wind machines. Technical and economical feasibility of the scheme is analysed and the possibility of marine culture as a source of food is explored. The present scheme is economically not feasible as compared to a reverse osmosis facility of equivalent capacity.
ACID α-GLUCOSIDASE FROM NORMAL AND DEFICIENT CELLS

Acid α-glucosidase (AG) of 15% of mean control was found in cultured skin fibroblast (FB) of a patient with late onset AG deficiency. AG was purified from normal and from deficient FB by affinity chromatography. Placental AG was purified to homogeneity with CM-Sephadex C-50, ammonium sutfate precipitation, dialysis, Amicon filtration, affinity chromatography by Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. Two activity peaks and a shoulder were eluted from DEAE-cellulose with a NaCI gradient. The two peaks and the shoulder had different specific activities and on aerylamide disc electrophoresis each gave one protein band with different mobilities corresponding to the enzyme activity. The pH optimum, Km, Vmax, etectrophoretic mobility, thermal denaturation at pH 4.0 and 7.0, and inhibition by turanose, α-methyiglucoside and trehalose were the same in purified wild type and mutant enzymes. A greater inhibition was found with all inhibitors when glycogen, rather than maltose, was the substrate. The Vmax of the placental enzyme was greater than that of the FB enzyme. Heating crude extracts from normal and deficient FB gave an initial increase in specific activity which was not present with purified enzyme. We are now producing antibodies against the enzyme to determine whether or not the amount of enzyme protein in deficient cells differs from that in normal cells.
Evidence for a contribution by purines to the neurogenic response of the guinea-pig urinary bladder☆

Abstract In order to determine if ATP contributes as an excitatory transmitter in the guinea-pig bladder, experiments were conducted with ANAPP 3 , a photoaffinity analogue of ATP, which is an antagonist of adenine nucleotides in several other smooth muscles. With or without photoactivation with visible light, ANAPP 3 antagonized contractile responses of in vitro strips of bladder to exogenous ATP. The antagonism was specific in that responses to acetylcholine and KCl were not affected by ANAPP 3 . Responses of strips of bladder to transmural electrical stimulation were not antagonized by ANAPP 3 and were relatively insensitive to atropine. However, combined treatment with ANAPP 3 and atropine produced a marked antagonism of the neurogenic response. In experiments with bladders obtained from animals pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine, the ANAPP 3 -sensitive component of the neurogenic response was absent. These results suggest that acetylcholine, released from cholinergic nerves, and a purine, released from 6-hydroxydopamine-sensitive nerves, are both involved in motor transmission in this tissue.
The Silicon Valley Connection: Transnational Networks and Regional Development in Taiwan, China and India

Transnational entrepreneurs — US-educated immigrant engineers whose activities span national borders — are creating new economic opportunities for formerly peripheral economies around the world. Talented immigrants who have studied and worked in the US are increasingly reversing the ‘brain drain’ by returning to their home countries to take advantage of promising opportunities there. In so doing they are building technical communities that link their home countries to the world centre of technology, Silicon Valley. As the ‘brain drain’ increasingly gives way to a process of ‘brain circulation’, networks of scientists and engineers are transferring technology, skill and know-how between distant regional economies faster and more flexibly than most corporations.
Binding of truncated peptides to the MHC molecule IAd

A peptide comprising amino acids 323–339 of chicken ovalbumin is known to bind to two heterodimeric conformations of the MHC molecule IAd, and to each of its separate α- and β-chains. We report that minor C- and N-terminal truncations of the parent peptide do not alter the binding pattern. A decrease in binding activity was observed upon deletion of the histidine residues of the already truncated peptides. Peptides as short as 4 amino acids associate weakly with all four proteins.
Repeated measurement of mechanical properties in viable osteochondral explants following a single blunt impact injury.

The objective of this work was to develop a method for repeated same-site measurement of mechanical properties suitable for the detection of degenerative changes in a biologically active explant model after a single blunt impact injury. Focal blunt impact injuries to articular surfaces lead to local cartilage degeneration and loss of mechanical properties. We employed a repeated measurement methodology to determine variations in mechanical same-site properties before and after injury in living cartilage, with the hypothesis that normalization with initial mechanical properties may provide a clearer evaluation of impact effects and improve our understanding of the biologic responses to impact injury. Bovine osteochondral explants were cultured for up to 14 days after impact injury. Indentation tests were performed before and after impact injury to assess relative changes in mechanical properties. Creep strain increased significantly in impacted explants after 7 days and in both impacted and control explant...
Oocyte cryopreservation: searching for novel improvement strategies.

To highlight emerging techniques aimed at improving oocyte cryopreservation. Review of available and relevant literature through Pubmed and Medline searches. Oocyte cryopreservation is an increasingly common procedure utilized for assisted reproduction and may benefit several patient populations. Therefore, improving efficiency is paramount in realizing the tremendous promise of this approach. However, in addition to numerous studies looking to improve oocyte cryopreservation efficacy via examination of variables involved with protocol methodology, such as type/concentration of cryoprotectant (CPA), type of storage device, or cooling/warming rates, there are more novel approaches for improvement. These alternate approaches include utilizing different the stages of oocytes, examining alteration of basal media and buffer composition, optimizing CPA exchange protocols and device loading through use of automated technology, as well as examination/manipulation of oocyte cellular composition to improve cryotolerance. Finally, elucidating more accurate or insightful indicators of “success” is crucial for continued improvement of oocyte cryopreservation. Oocyte cryopreservation has improved dramatically in recent years and is receiving widespread clinical use. Novel approaches to further improve success, as well as improved methods to assess this success will aid in continued improvement.
Catholic Social Teaching and its Impact on American Law: Observations on the Past and Reflections on the Future

In recent years, greater attention has been paid to the influence of Catholic social teaching as a contributor to legal debates in American society. As it has developed, Catholic social teaching clearly envisions a role for the Church to play in shaping society. The interplay between Catholic social teaching and American law is a fascinating, complex, and, at times, tense relationship. That relationship is the subject of these observations and reflections. The first part of this discussion explores how leading Church documents define the proper scope of influence for Catholic social teaching. After this brief background, the discussion will turn to reflection on the impact that Catholic social teaching has had on American law and politics. It will then explore in more depth three obstacles that have been barriers to a greater role for Catholic social thought in American legal and political discourse.
Online students’ attitudes towards rapport-building traits and practices

This research utilised both standard quantitative measurements and established qualitative scaling methods to identify student attitudes towards instructors’ rapport-building traits and their preferences amongst instructors’ rapport-building practices in online learning environments. The study employed a Likert-item assessment of learners’ attitudes, the identification and prioritisation of learner preferences through pairwise comparisons, and semi-structured interviews that provided richer, more detailed information. Findings indicated a strong preference for instructor-based traits and practices over pedagogically-based ones. These traits and practices loaded into the components of social presence, enjoyable interaction, and personal connection.
CURRENT STATUS OF NECK DISSECTION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Classical radical neck dissection (rnd) remains the primary treatment for clinically positive lymph nodes among patients with squamous carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. Recurrence rates following rnd range from 20 to 70% depending on the number of nodes involved and the extent of extracapsular spread. Modified radical neck dissection (mrnd) is associated with less cosmetic and functional morbidity than rnd but, used alone, mrnd is only appropriate when clinical neck disease is absent or minimal. Both rnd and mrnd should be combined with adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy when more than one node is positive or extracapsular spread is present. This approach will significantly decrease regional failure, but may not improve survival because of an increased incidence of distant metastases. Mrnd is especially useful as an elective procedure to stage the clinically negative neck. A survival benefit from elective neck dissection, however, remains to be demonstrated.
Mimetic and dissent conditions in organizational rhetoric

Two situational constraints are examined, a dissent condition, which fosters tolerance for dissent, and a mimetic condition, which inhibits dissent. The organizational theory concern that organizational values may dominate over individual values, and the rhetorical theory concern regarding the quality of mimesis, are likely the same problem and lead to a nexus of the two fields. Organizational rhetoric which emphasizes hierarchical differences is mimetic. The dissent condition invents forums that welcome opposing views, promote organizational democracy, and hold out the possibility of organizational integration.
Theory for pure-traveling-wave boundary-guided transport of tribo-electrified particles

ABSTRACT Numerical simulations and limiting analytical solutions are used to picture synchronous and asynchronous domains of traveling-wave pumping of charge-conserving particles (having mass m, charge q, radius a and mobility b) in terms of the dimensiouless frequency Ω = (w/k)/(bE0), mass M = (m/q)(bE0)(bE0) and gravitational acceleration G= mg/qEo, where k and w are the wavenumber and angular frequency of the imposed wave and Eo is the peak electric field intensity. One- dimensional motions, which can be synchronous for o 1. Both synchronous and asynchronous motions can exist over a range Ω < Ω < 1, where Ω → 1 as M → 0. Similar identification of domains for two-dimensional pumping brings in the additional parameters G and an image force parameter I = q[(e/e0) − l]/[(e/e0 + + 1)]16πc2e0E0 where c is the closest distance of the particle charge center from a dielectric of permittivity, e, ...
Special purpose intravital microscope.

Abstract A special purpose intravital microscope has been constructed to allow adequate depth of throat and movement for field of view positioning for exposed tissues in moderate-sized animals. Specific adaptations are described for sequential photo-micrography and transepithelial clearance of radioisotope in defined areas of cat mesentery.
AN EVALUATION OF THE SAFETY, UTILITY, AND RELIABILITY OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL ALARM SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMOTIVE USE

As roadways become more congested, there is greater potential for automobile accidents and incidents. Several governmental agencies, including the Federal Highway Administration, have recently developed and implemented the Intelligent Transportation System, a global effort to better manage vehicles and highway systems. As part of this effort, automobile manufacturers are now designing collision avoidance systems; yet, there has been little investigation of alarm reliability and spatial signal location. This study focused on measuring driving and alarm reaction performances to spatial and console emitted alarms of various reliability levels. Seventy participants operated a driving simulator while being presented with alarms. From previous research it was expected that drivers would perform better following reliable alarms than unreliable alarms. It was also expected that participants would perform better following spatial alarms than central alarms. Results indicated that drivers avoided collisions better following spatial alarms, but made more appropriate driving reactions following console-generated alarms. Alarm response frequency and driving reaction appropriateness were higher for reliable alarms.
Infrared micro-spectroscopy of human cells: Causes for the spectral variance of oral mucosa (buccal) cells

We discuss the causes contributing to the variance of the spectra of individual human epithelial cells. This aspect has largely been ignored in previous studies, but needs to be understood for diagnostic applications of infrared micro-spectroscopy. We attribute the spectral variance to Mie scattering, and to variations of nuclear contributions to the overall spectra caused by different nuclear size.
5-Methylcytosine in eukaryotic DNA

A small portion of the cytosine residues in the DNA of higher eukaryotes as well as in that of many lowe eukaryotes if methylated. The resulting 5-methylcytosine residues occur in specific in the DNA, usually adjacent to guanine residues on the 3' side. This methylation of eukaryotic DNA has been proposed to function in many ways, including control of transcription, maintenance of chromosome structure, repair of DNA, establishment of preferred sites for mutation, oncogenic transformation, and, in certain systems, protection of DNA against enzymatic degradation.
Standard Treatment Modality for Ureteral Calculi

Technological advances have significantly impacted the treatment of ureteral calculi. A variety of minimally invasive alternatives are available to treat ureteral calculi. Despite the development of practice guidelines, considerable controversy surrounds the optimal choice of treatment for ureteral calculi.
Integrated compensation network for low mutual coupling of planar microstrip antenna arrays

This paper presents design of low mutual coupling arrays with some of the concepts formulated by Hannan and Amitay of interconnections between antenna elements. In the approach, lumped element matching is used between antenna elements below the array face. By proper choice of these components, impedance matching over wide scan regions was demonstrated. This work differs significantly since the goal is to minimize the total noise coupling. Also, due to the use of distributed microwave components and planar circuit technologies, the coupling compensation between antennas is accomplished with directional couplers. A novel, compact multi-port directional coupler provides the small size and flexibility for making a successful compensation network in this manner.
Discussion of: Statistical and Regulatory Issues with the Application of Propensity Score Analysis to Nonrandomized Medical Device Clinical Studies

Lilly Yue's article on Statistical and Regulatory Issues with the Application of Propensity Score Analysis to nonrandomized Medical Device Clinical Studies provides a nice overview of some of the i...
Greater Step Widths Reduce Internal Knee Abduction Moments in Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis Patients During Stair Ascent

Increased step widths have been shown to reduce peak internal knee abduction moments in healthy individuals but not in knee osteoarthritis patients during stair descent. This study aimed to assess effects of increased step widths on peak knee abduction moments and associated variables in adults with medial knee osteoarthritis and healthy older adults during stair ascent. Thirteen healthy older adults and 13 medial knee osteoarthritis patients performed stair ascent using preferred, wide, and wider step widths. Three-dimensional kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRFs) using an instrumented staircase were collected. Increased step width reduced first and second peak knee abduction moments, and knee abduction moment impulse. In addition, frontal plane GRF at time of first and second peak knee abduction moment and lateral trunk lean at time of first peak knee abduction moment were reduced with increased step width during stair ascent in both groups. Knee abduction moment variables were not different between knee osteoarthritis patients and healthy controls. Our findings suggest that increasing step width may be an effective simple gait alteration to reduce knee abduction moment variables in both knee osteoarthritis and healthy adults during stair ascent. However, long term effects of increasing step width during stair ascent in knee osteoarthritis and healthy adults remain unknown.
Associations of microalbuminuria with brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensities in hypertensive sibships

Abstract Background Because of similarities between brain and kidney microvascular disease, there may be a relationship between measures of renal microvascular disease and brain structural changes in middle aged or elderly individuals. Objective To determine whether the urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), a measure of renal microvascular disease, is associated with brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensities. Methods As part of a larger study of the genetics of hypertension, we performed brain imaging and assessed microalbuminuria and other vascular risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperhomocysteinemia in 1253 individuals from hypertensive sibships (age mean 63.8 years, range 50 to 91; 65% women; 49% African-American; 78% hypertensive). Semi-automated quantitative measurements of brain atrophy (BA) ventricular volume, and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) were carried out on the brain MR scans. Results In logistic regression models, elevated UACR was associated with greater BA (odds ratio (OR) = 1.70 (95% CI 1.14, 2.54) and burden of WMH (OR = 2.06 (95% CI 1.37, 3.10) after controlling for demographic factors, blood glucose, hypertension severity, duration of smoking and serum homocysteine. In contrast to elevated UACR, the associations with elevated creatinine or reduced glomerular filtration rate and WMH were not significant in the fully adjusted models. Conclusions In this cohort with an overrepresentation of hypertensives, elevated UACR was independently associated with both brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensities. Brain volume loss and WMH burden might represent expressions of microvascular disease that share common mechanisms with nephrosclerosis.
The Evolving Face of Ethics in Technical and Professional Communication: Challenger to Columbia

Our view of ethics in professional and technical communication has evolved, paralleling developments throughout society. Earlier views on ethics and values have grown into a broad perspective of complex gradations with people at many levels affecting eventual practical outcomes. This newer perspective includes not only persons but social forces and organizations. The organizational culture of NASA, for example, was specifically identified by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) as one of the causes of faulty communication leading to a terribly tragic event. The Challenger investigations of 20 years earlier, on the other hand, focused primarily on physical events, secondarily on professional judgments, and only little on the social and cultural context of the disaster. We learn by failures but also by self-examination. As we see how ethics and values impact technical events, we understand that technological progress is ultimately a human endeavor in which reflection and judgment is as important as measurement and observation.
Women’s Awareness of and Discomfort With Sexual Assault Cues Effects of Alcohol Consumption and Relationship Type

Two studies examined the effects of alcohol and relationship type on women’s sexual assault risk perception. Study 1 participants (N=62) consumed a moderate alcohol dose or non-alcoholic beverage, then rated their awareness of and discomfort with sexual assault risk cues in a hypothetical encounter with a new or established dating partner. Study 2 (N=351) compared control, placebo, low and high alcohol dose conditions using a similar scenario. Intoxicated women reported decreased awareness of and discomfort with risk cues. An established relationship decreased discomfort ratings. Findings indicate that alcohol may increase women’s sexual victimization likelihood through reduced sexual assault risk perception.
Ocular Factors in the Incidence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy

Purpose: To investigate the association of intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular perfusion pressure, and myopia with the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Methods: The design is a cohort study of a population-based sample (n = 1210) of persons with younger-onset diabetes (diagnosis was made before 30 years of age, and subjects were taking insulin) and a random sample (n = 1780) of persons with older-onset diabetes (diagnosis made after 30 years of age). Baseline and 4-year followup examinations were completed by 891 younger-onset and 987 older-onset persons. Retinopathy was graded from stereoscopic fundus photographs. Endpoints were incidence of retinopathy, progression of retinopathy, and progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Ocular perfusion pressure was calculated from IOP and blood pressure. Myopia was a refractive error of -2 diopters or less. Results: In univariate analyses, ocular perfusion pressure was associated with incidence of retinopathy ( P P = 0.07), and progression to PDR ( P Conclusions: These results suggest that pressure phenomena may be related to the development of retinopathy in younger-onset persons. This would have implications for treatments affecting both IOP and blood pressure.
How regulatory fit enhances motivational strength during goal pursuit

Higgins’ (2000) theory of regulatory fit proposes that motivational strength will be enhanced when the manner in which people work toward a goal sustains (rather than disrupts) their regulatory orientation. This enhanced motivational strength in turn should improve efforts at goal attainment. In Experiment 1, predominantly promotion- and prevention-focused participants were given the goal of writing a report on their leisure time, and were assigned either eagerness- or vigilance-framed means to use. Promotion/eagerness and prevention/vigilance participants were about 50% more likely to turn in their reports than promotion/vigilance and prevention/eagerness participants. In Experiment 2, participants read either a promotion- or a prevention-framed health message urging them to eat more fruits and vegetables, and were then asked to imagine either the benefits of compliance or the costs of non-compliance. Promotion/benefits and prevention/costs participants subsequently ate about 20% more fruits and vegetables over the following week than promotion/costs and prevention/benefits participants. The implications of regulatory fit’s enhancement of motivational strength are discussed. Copyright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Which factors increase people’s motivational strength in goal pursuit? This is one of the most pervasive questions in the realm of human motivation. A classic perspective on this issue is expectancy-value theory (see Feather, 1982), according to which motivational strength is highest when the product of people’s expectancies for, and value of, goal attainment is highest. Another important determinant of motivational strength is people’s anticipated reactions to, and subsequent attributions for, performance (Weiner, 1986). In Weiner’s analysis, for example, a person who anticipates succeeding at a task, and attributes this success to personal skill, will have greater motivational strength than a person who attributes this success to luck; whereas a person who anticipates failing and attributes this failure to lack of effort will have greater motivational strength than a person who attributes this failure to lack of personal skill. In a related line of research, Bandura (1986) has demonstrated the role of self-efficacy (i.e. the belief that one is capable of carrying out the actions required to produce some desired outcome) in
Postneonatal Vitamin B6-Dependent Epilepsy

Vitamin B6 acts as coenzyme in decarboxylation and transamination of amino acids. Pyridoxal phosphate is the coenzyme for a glutamic decarboxylase and γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase, enzymes necessary in production and metabolism of brain γ-aminobutyric acid. Vitamin B6deficiency has been known to produce peripheral neuritis, dermatitis, anemia, and convulsions in infants.1 Administration of isonicotinic acid hydrazide may produce a vitamin B6-responsive neuropathy. Convulsions from vitamin B6dependency occur despite normal vitamin B6 levels. These seizures, according to pediatric and neurological texts, occur immediately after birth up to 6 months.1-4 In 1985, Goutieres and Aicardi5 described three patients with atypical pyridoxine-dependent seizures with onset at 7 weeks, 5 days, and 4 months.
Vasculogenesis of the bursa cloacalis (bursa of Fabricius) of the chick embryo

Vasculogenesis of the bursa cloacalis (bursa of Fabricius) was examined i 10- to 21-day chick embryos and in chicks during the first 5 days post-hatching. The entire circulatory system was injected with India ink, and the bursae were then removed and either cleared for examination in toto or sectioned serially. The bursa was supplied by three pairs of extrinsic blood vessels. At 10 and 11 days of incubation, most intrinsic vessels were arranged in a superficial, hexagonal network. In regions of developing plicae, the hexagonal plexus extended into the core of each plica, forming middle plical vessels. The latter were interconnected across interplical areas by cross-connecting vessels. The middle plical vessels gave rise to small capillary offshoots, which soon increased in complexity, forming delicate loops. Branches extended from these loops through the subepithelial lamina propria to incipient epithelial buds by 12 days of incubation. All epithelial buds were supplied by at least one such branch, and similar branches extended to the basal aspect of the epithelium in areas where epithelial buds had not yet formed. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that blood vessels induce formation of epithelial buds. At about 15 days of incubation, the cortex and medulla of each developing lymphatic follicle were defined clearly, and an intricate, web-like, capillary network coursed throughout the follicular cortex. The medulla appeared to be devoid of capillaries. The diameters of all intrinsic and extrinsic bursal blood vessels gradually increased throughout development. During post-hatching stages, the diameters of the extrinsic vessels continued to increase, whereas those of the intrinsic vessels were markedly decreased from late pre-hatching stages.
The effect of non-parallel thrust fault interaction on fold patterns

The geometry of two subsurface non-parallel thrust faults are systematically altered within mechanical models to determine the range of resulting fold map patterns and the effect of fault interaction on these fold patterns, and ultimately to infer fault geometry from complex fold shapes. Multiple faults can create both complex fold patterns with more than one fold axis and single folds without evidence of a second fault. Fold length may not correlate to fault length when remote contraction is oblique to the faults; thus contraction direction should be determined before fault length is inferred. The influence of fault interaction is studied by comparing the fold pattern created by interacting faults to the fold pattern created from the superposition of folds produced by equivalent but isolated faults. Under small strains, larger faults tend to have greater interaction but even interacting faults may not produce fold patterns notably distinct from the superposed fold patterns. This suggests that fault interaction need not necessarily be considered when inferring fault geometry from fold shape in the field; however, under non-coaxial strain conditions fold patterns may differ from those presented here.
Time and the semantic Web

In this paper we discuss the role that temporal information plays in natural language text, specifically in the context of enriching the semantics of Web texts and Web interactions. We present a language, TimeML, which attempts to capture the richness of temporal and event related information in language, while demonstrating how it can play an important part in the development of more robust semantic ontologies. Specifically, we propose to demonstrate how a TimeML markup of text is interpreted within the DAML-Time ontology and time framework of Hobbs (2002).
Longitudinal Associations between Sibling Relationship Qualities and Risky Behavior across Adolescence.

This study examined the associations between sibling intimacy and conflict and youths' reports of risky behavior in a sample of adolescents aged 11 to 20. Participants were mothers, fathers, and sibling dyads in 393 families who were interviewed annually for 3, 4, or 5 years. Multivariate multilevel models tested longitudinal links between sibling intimacy and conflict and youths' risky behavior and whether these associations were moderated by birth order, sex, or dyad sex constellation. Controlling for parent-youth conflict, the results showed positive within-person covariation between sibling conflict and risky behavior for all youths except firstborns with younger brothers. Controlling for parent-youth intimacy, sibling intimacy was positively linked with risky behavior at the between-person level, but only in brother-brother pairs. The discussion focuses on sibling relationships as a context for adolescents' individual development and the roles of birth order, sex, and dyad sex constellation.
Morphology and properties of poly(vinyl chloride)–polyurethane blends

The objective of this research was to study the morphology and properties of PVC–polyurethane blends. Studies on blends of a segmented polyether polyurethane with PVC were carried out utilizing differential scanning calorimetry, Rheovibron, stress–strain, infrared peak position studies, and infrared dichroism experiments. This thermodynamically incompatible system was made kinetically compatible by precipitation from tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions. THF–dioxane solution casting and melt processing produced an incompatible system. The compatible polyurethane–PVC system contains a well-mixed PVC–polyether matrix phase as evidenced by Tg shifts, orientation characteristics, and infrared peak position changes. The aromatic urethane segments which exhibit microphase separation in the pure polyurethane are not solubilized by blending with PVC by any of sample preparation methods used in this study.
Radioprotective Effect of Aminothiol PrC-210 on Irradiated Inner Ear of Guinea Pig

Radiotherapy of individuals suffering with head & neck or brain tumors subserve the risk of sensorineural hearing loss. Here, we evaluated the protective effect of Aminothiol PrC-210 (3-(methyl-amino)-2-((methylamino)methyl)propane-1-thiol) on the irradiated inner ear of guinea pigs. An intra-peritoneal or intra-tympanic dose of PrC-210 was administered prior to receiving a dose of gamma radiation (3000 cGy) to each ear. Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABRs) were recorded one week and two weeks after the radiation and compared with the sham animal group. ABR thresholds of guinea pigs that received an intra-peritoneal dose of PrC-210 were significantly better compared to the non-treated, control animals at one week post-radiation. Morphologic analysis of the inner ear revealed significant inflammation and degeneration of the spiral ganglion in the irradiated animals not treated with PrC-210. In contrast, when treated with PrC-210 the radiation effect and injury to the spiral ganglion was significantly alleviated. PrC-210 had no apparent cytotoxic effect in vivo and did not affect the morphology or count of cochlear hair cells. These findings suggest that aminothiol PrC-210 attenuated radiation-induced cochlea damage for at least one week and protected hearing.
Dosing of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors among children and adults before and after the fda black-box warning

Objective:Prior research evaluated various effects of the 2004 black-box warning by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on the risk of suicidality among children associated with use of antidepressants, but the warning’s effect on dosing of antidepressants has not been evaluated. This study estimated whether the initial antidepressant dose prescribed decreased and the proportion of patients who augmented the dose on the second fill increased following the 2004 warning and its 2007 expansion to young adults.Methods:The study utilized the LifeLink Health Plan Claims Database. The study cohort consisted of commercially insured children (ages 5–17), young adults (18–24), and adults (25–64) who initiated a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, or sertraline) from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2009. Dose per day was determined by days’ supply, strength, and quantity dispensed. Initiation with a low dose and augmentation of >1 mg/day on the second prescripti...
Functionalization of an iridium–diamidocarbene complex by ligand-based reactions with titanocene and zirconocene sources

Abstract A ( t Bu-DAC)Ir(COD)Cl complex ( t Bu-DAC = 1,3-bis(N- tert -butyl)diamidocarbene, COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) reacts with titanocene(II) and zirconocene(II) sources to form heterobimetallic complexes by metallocene coordination at the remote oxalamide binding site. Structural and spectroscopic data reveal the formation of a doubly-reduced [ t Bu-DAC] 2− ligand upon metallocene complexation. The metallocene-substituted complexes catalyze benzaldehyde hydrosilation at rates over an order of magnitude faster than those observed with the parent iridium complex.
Implementing K-Means Clustering and Collaborative Filtering to Enhance Sustainability of Project Repositories (Abstract Only)

Websites for dissemination of grant-funded projects can quickly become unsustainable once funding ends since they require significant human intervention to ensure that data are current and reliable. CABECTPortal is a website that maintains information about research projects that involve interdisciplinary pedagogical collaborations. It leverages social computational concepts and a machine learning algorithm, specifically k-means clustering, to improve the sustainability of dissemination efforts by engaging the research community in the process. Usability design concepts are integrated with throughout the site to enhance user motivation and engagement. This poster will present the machine learning algorithms that were implemented for the recommendation system used in CABECTPortal. Acknowledgment: This project is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF DUE Award# 1141170. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Anatomic Study of Arthroscopic Portal Sites of the Ankle

Numerous anatomic structures are at risk when performing ankle arthroscopy through the more commonly utilized portals. The purpose of this paper was to demonstrate the relative safety of each of the arthroscopic portal and Acufex external ankle distractor pin sites by measuring their proximity to the neurovascular structures surrounding the ankle joint. Six fresh cadaver specimens and 12 fresh-frozen, below-knee amputations were utilized for this study. An Acufex ankle distractor was applied using the standard technique. Anteromedial, anterolateral, anterocentral, posterolateral, and posteromedial portals were placed using an 11-blade scalpel to make 5-mm longitudinal incisions. The joint capsule was penetrated and a 3-mm arthroscope was placed into the ankle joint. The skin surrounding each of the portals was carefully removed and the proximity of any nerves or vessels was measured with respect to the arthroscope. At least one incidence of contact or penetration of a nerve or vessel was noted for each site. The anterocentral portal was at greatest risk for nerve or vessel damage. The anterolateral, anteromedial, and posterolateral portals were the safest areas for portal placement, with no penetration of neurovascular structures in any case.
Women and Antivivisection in Late Nineteenth-Century America

"O sister women, I appeal to you," said the antivivisectionist leader Mary E Lovell in March 1895, addressing an audience of several hundred at the triennial convention of the National Council of Women (NCW). "Will you, with the chivalry which belongs to good and true womanhood, side with the suffering and the helpless? This wrong will never be righted until women do their part. Caroline E. White, LovelPs colleague from the American Anti-Vivisection So? ciety (AAVS), also spoke. She too knew that the progress ofthe antivivisection movement depended upon the mobilization of women, and she echoed LovelPs entreaty. "I appeal to you, the women before me, begging you to help us in this work." The AAVS leader admonished her audience to "Remember your moral accountability."2 The antivivisection movement in late nineteenth-century America drew upon a number of social groups for its membership. Clergy who were troubled by the materialism of medical science and physicians whose training predated the laboratory revolution in medicine were well-represented in the crusade. The defining presence, however, especially by the 1890s, was that of hundreds of middle-class women. Antivivisectionists comprised influential contingents inside the nation's anti-cruelty societies (SPCAs) and they had their own or? ganizations, notably the AAVS, founded in Philadelphia in 1883. Opposition to experimentation on animals was on the rise, dismissed by a critic in 1898 as nothing but "a lot of zoophilist women."3 AAVS founders Lovell and White spoke for America's antivivisectionist women. The NCW convention, a gathering of reform-minded women, pro? vided a perfect opportunity to expand the cause. The occasion called upon Lovell and White to explain why action on behalf of animals was particularly a female concern, pitting women against the exclusively male medical research establishment. Their speeches in 1895 were the cause's manifestos. What did Lovell and White say? What made AV4 an issue in the minds of so many women in late nineteenth-century America, a number to which Lovell and White, in addressing the NCW, hoped to add?
Mid-term results for mitral valve repair in congenital mitral regurgitation associated with ventricular septal defect

Introduction: Congenital mitral regurgitation (MR) associated with ventricular septal defect (VSD) is not uncommon. Surgical repair of significant mitral valve regurgitation at the time of the VSD closure is indicated specially if there is a structural problem. The aim of this study is to look at the outcome of concomitant mitral valve repair during surgical closure of the VSD. Material and methods: Between January 2000 to December 2009, 53 patients underwent repair for congenital mitral valve regurgitation at the time of ventricular septal defect closure. The mean age was 5 years, median of 1.25 years, minimum of 4 months and maximum of 47 years. Twenty-two patients were infants. The predominant type of the VSD was peri-membraneous. Annuloplasty with a ring repair was performed in 49% of patients. Results: One patient died in the hospital because of sepsis. One patient with large VSD and prolapsed anterior mitral valve leaflet, underwent redo mitral valve repair within the same admission because of residual moderate to severe MR. The mean follow up period was 4.5 years. Freedom from reoperation was 94%. There was one late mortality after one year due to non-cardiac cause. Overall survival at 10 years was 96% Conclusion: Concomitant mitral valve repair is indicated in patients with moderate to severe mitral valve regurgitation associated with VSD. At mid-term follow up the durability of the mitral valve repair is excellent with relatively low reoperation rate.
Non-auditory disorders in tinnitus patients

Severe tinnitus is often associated with non-auditory disorders, including anxiety, depression and insomnia. Study evidence has suggested that non-auditory disorders are important factors that can impact life-quality of tinnitus patients. As there still lacks effective means to eradicate tinnitus, timely recognition and adequate management of non-auditory disorders associated with tinnitus are an important part in treating tinnitus patients. Appropriate pharmaceutical and psychological interventions frequently result in improvement of symptoms and life-quality in tinnitus. Management of severe psychological/psychiatric disorders should be implemented by adequately trained specialists. Clinicians dealing with tinnitus patients, however, should be able to recognize these problems and provide referral to relevant disciplines as demanded by needs.