cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Treatment on Seawater Leaking into the Lubricating Oil System of 1000-MW Steam Turbine

In this paper, aiming at the problem of seawater leaking into the lubricating oil system and affecting the safe operation of a1 000-MW unit due to the oil cooler leakage in the coastal area of Shandong Province, the analysis is conducted and the corresponding treatment measure adopting the centrifugal oil filter and the cartridge oil filter to get rid of the water from the oil is proposed. Meanwhile,the dissolving elution method is proposed to determine the chlorine ion content in the oil, which helps to make a judgement on whether the seawater entrained in the oil is cleaned. With the oil filter processing, the moisture content of turbine oil falls from 24 414 mg/L to 10.1 mg/L,while the chloride ion content is from 155 mg/L down to the undetected. The practice proves that the oil filter processing can make the heavily seawater polluted lubricating oil return to normal in a short time, which can ensure the safe operation of the unit and avoid malignant accidents.
Analysis and Solution of Fuse Multi-explosion Failures of Reactive Compensation Shunt Capacitor Bank

Based on theoretical computation,RTDS simulation and tests,the phenomena of fuse multi-explosions of fuses and damages of a mass of capacitors in 66kV shunt reactive compensation capacitor bank are researched and analyzed in this paper.During this period another new kind of over-current(fault inrush current) and over-voltage(fault over-voltage) phenomenon was found in shunt capacitor bank.It was determined that the fault inrush current caused the multi-explosion fault of fuse and the fault over-voltage caused the damages of a mass of capacitors.For preventing this fault,it is suggested that the external fuses should be removed from the capacitor and shunt capacitors would be directly linked to the bus bar.
The relationship between mitochondrial function and residual feed intake in Angus steers

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between mitochondrial function and residual feed intake in Angus steers. Individual feed intakes were recorded for a contemporary group of 40 steers via the GrowSafe feed intake system. Intakes were then used to calculate residual feed intake (RFI), a measure of efficiency. Based on these calculations, 9 low (RFI = -0.83) and 8 high (RFI = 0.78) RFI animals were selected for further study. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture 1 wk before slaughter for the determination of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Tissue samples were taken from the LM from both the high and low RFI animals and mitochondria were isolated for measurement of oxygen consumption and hydrogen peroxide production. Average daily gain and carcass composition were not different between the high and low RFI steers; however, ADFI by the high RFI animals was 1.54 kg/d greater (P < 0.001) than for the low RFI animals. Low RFI steers exhibited a greater (P < 0.05) rate of state 2 and 3 respiration, respiratory control ratio, and hydrogen peroxide production than high RFI steers when provided with glutamate or succinate as a respiratory substrate. The acceptor control and adenosine diphosphate:oxygen ratios were not different between the 2 groups for either substrate. When hydrogen peroxide production was expressed as a ratio to respiration rate there was no difference between groups, signifying that electron leak was similar for both groups. Plasma glucose concentration was greater (P < 0.05) in the high RFI steers than in the low RFI steers; however, plasma insulin concentration was not different (P = 0.22) between the 2 groups. The ratio between plasma glucose and insulin concentration was similar (P = 0.88) between the 2 groups indicating no difference in glucose metabolism. The increased plasma glucose concentration observed in the high RFI steers was presumed to be the result of a greater feed intake by these animals. It seems that mitochondrial function is not different between the high and low RFI groups but rather the rate of mitochondrial respiration is increased in low RFI steers compared with high RFI steers.
Sharing the Roles: An Assessment of Japanese Medaka Estrogen Receptors in Vitellogenin Induction

Teleost fish express at least three estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes. To date, however, the individual role of these ER subtypes in regulating expression of estrogen responsive genes remains ambiguous. Here, we investigate putative roles of three ER subtypes in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), using vitellogenin (VTG) I and II as model genes. We identify specific ligand/receptor/promoter dynamics, using transient transactivation assays that incorporate luciferase reporters comprising 3kb promoter/enhancer regions of medaka VTGI and VTGII genes. Four steroidal estrogens (17β-estradiol, estrone, estriol, and 17α-estradiol) were tested in these assays. Results indicate that all three medaka ERs (mERs) are capable of initiating transactivation of both VTG I and II, with ERβ2 exhibiting greatest activity. Promoter deletion analysis suggests that ligand-specific receptor transactivation and utilization of regional-specific estrogen response elements may be associated with differential activities of each medaka...
The Small Lymphocyte Is the Antigen Reactive Cell

The function of the small lymphocyte was unknown until the 1950s. Between the late 1880s and the 1950s the focus of immunological studies was on the production of antibodies. Many investigators assumed that antibodies were produced by cells of the reticuloendothelial system, although a few investigators postulated that the lymphocyte might play a role in immune reactions based on morphological observations. Investigation of the “disappearing lymphocyte” phenomenon—the observation that chronic drainage of the thoracic duct depletes an animal of most of its small lymphocytes—led to the identification of the small lymphocyte as the antigen-reactive cell. Gowans and his colleagues at Oxford injected small lymphocytes obtained from the thoracic duct intravenously into the same animals. Lymphocytes were recovered in lymphoid tissue, the peripheral blood, and again in the lymph, demonstrating a circulatory pathway for the small lymphocyte involving the vascular and lymphatic systems as well as lymphoid tissue such as the lymph nodes. Gowans' group further investigated the immunological capabilities of the cells isolated from the thoracic duct by determining defects in immune reactivity caused by thoracic duct drainage and by assaying the immune capabilities of isolated thoracic duct lymphocytes. The results of these studies demonstrated that small lymphocytes are precursors for antigen-reactive cells responsible for all of the adaptive immune responses observed following antigen challenge.
Electronics and signal processing for prompt radiation

Active interrogation with pulsed bremsstrahlung beams can saturate detectors and produce high count rates of overlapping pulses in the prompt region (<1 mus) after the interrogating pulse. We describe a method to eliminate saturation by modifying the photomultiplier voltage divider and by gating intermediate pairs of dynodes and the anode. To process the high count rate of overlapping pulses, we convert the output current pulses to charge-pulse steps that can be digitally processed more easily and rapidly in real time. We discuss the application to LaBr3, liquid, and plastic scintillators and present some preliminary data.
NASA Computational Case Study: Golomb Rulers and Their Applications

In this case study, the author describes Golomb rulers, their properties, construction algorithms, and applications in astrophysics and Earth sciences.
Mobile Phone-Based Mood Ratings Prospectively Predict Psychotherapy Attendance

Psychotherapy nonattendance is a costly and pervasive problem. While prior research has identified stable patient-level predictors of attendance, far less is known about dynamic (i.e., time-varying) factors. Identifying dynamic predictors can clarify how clinical states relate to psychotherapy attendance and inform effective "just-in-time" interventions to promote attendance. The present study examines whether daily mood, as measured by responses to automated mobile phone-based text messages, prospectively predicts attendance in group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression. Fifty-six Spanish-speaking Latino patients with elevated depressive symptoms (46 women, mean age=50.92years, SD=10.90years), enrolled in a manualized program of group CBT, received daily automated mood-monitoring text messages. Patients' daily mood ratings, message response rate, and delay in responding were recorded. Patients' self-reported mood the day prior to a scheduled psychotherapy session significantly predicted attendance, even after controlling for patients' prior attendance history and age (OR=1.33, 95% CI [1.04, 1.70], p=.02). Positive mood corresponded to a greater likelihood of attendance. Our results demonstrate the clinical utility of automated mood-monitoring text messages in predicting attendance. These results underscore the value of text messaging, and other mobile technologies, as adjuncts to psychotherapy. Future work should explore the use of such monitoring to guide interventions to increase attendance, and ultimately the efficacy of psychotherapy.
Seizure detection using EEG: A survey of different techniques

Seizures are the primary symptom of epilepsy, which is one of the most common neurological disorders. Studies suggest that 10% of the world's epileptic patients are in Pakistan where there is one neurologist for 1,400, 000 people. The percentages of epileptic population in Pakistan are significantly higher in the rural areas, where the disease is linked to the paranormal. The patient suffer from severe social pressures and lack of proper medical treatment. EEG is the most cost effective and convenient method for seizure detection. With the dawn of data-analytics, many studies focusing on seizure detection have been conducted. The aim has been to not only aid the human diagnosis, but also, to explore new avenues in explaining the underlying causes of seizures and epilepsy. This study summarizes the data-analytic methods that have been used for the analysis of seizures with a special emphasis on the state of the art. It is aimed as a guide to researchers who wish to investigate this amazing application of Neuro-informatics.
In-Situ Reduction of Au, Pd, and Pt Metal Precursors in Polyaniline: Electrochemistry of Variable Metal Content Polymer/Metal Composites in Alkaline Solution

Abstract The controlled electrochemical uptake and reduction of metal precursors, AuCl 4 − , PdCl 4 2− , and PtCl 4 2− in polyaniline (PANI) is used in the synthesis of variable metal content composites. The potential and current associated with the initial electrochemical deposition of each metal precursor into pristine PANI is unique when compared to subsequent reduction in the composite materials. Deposition into the polymer and at existing deposits is resolved in the voltammetry for the reduction of Au and Pd in PANI. In contrast, distinct processes for Pt reduction into the polymer and at existing metal deposits are not resolved. After the initial reduction of the Pt precursor, the peak current continues to shift to more positive potential and diminishes as a function of increasing metal content. The PANI/metal composites are characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and conductivity measurements to evaluate the interactions between the metal and polymer, the total metal content, and the electronic properties of the composites. The Au, Pd, and Pt metals deposited in PANI are evaluated using surface specific electrochemical reactions including the formation/reduction of metal oxide and the catalytic oxidation of n-propanol in alkaline solutions (pH ≈ 14). Furthermore, the electrochemical studies demonstrate that the oxidation/reduction of the polymer directly influences the polarization and reactivity of the metal surface in the organic matrix. The results confirm that PANI/metal composite materials containing Au, Pt, and Pd remain conductive in alkaline environments thereby expanding their use outside traditional acid solutions.
The Story of Collective Action: The Emergence of Ideological Leaders, Collective Action Network Leaders, and Cross-Sector Network Partners in Civil Society

Collective action and community ecology theories frame this study of longitudinal interorganizational networks in Croatia during the country's political transition. As time progresses toward political stability, grass-roots organizing activities shift through participation in new networks. Although engaged cross-sector communication was important in early stages of the transformation, homophilous partnering emerged as the system stabilized. System stability left room for organizations to exit the collective action network but with costs associated with centralized organizing. Over time, organizations embodied roles as ideological leaders, collective action network leaders, and within-sector network partners. We offer a unique contribution to community ecology and collective action theories with a communication-centered framework that emphasizes the nature of communication in interorganizational networks over a 4-year period.
Effect Of Pressure On Crystal Structure And Superconductivity Of Nbsexte2−x (x = 2, 1.5)

Abstract The high pressure structural and transport behaviors of transition metal dichalchogenides NbSexTe2−x (x = 2, 1.5) were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction and resistivity measurements. The structural results show all these title compounds remain stable under application of pressure up to 39 GPa. The lattice compressibilites were determined and show highly anisotropic behavior. A change in superconducting transition temperature dependent on composition was observed. The resistivity measurements performed under pressure for NbSe1.5Te0.5 revealed strong enhancement in transition temperature with Tc increasing from 3.35 K at ambient, to 4.4 K at 1.8 GPa, at a rate of 0.6 K/GPa.
Opioids: Government intervention and black markets

The U.S. is in the midst of an opioid crisis. This crisis is partially responsible for declining life expectancy. The rising mortality in young people 25-44 is partially responsible and is being attributed to opioids. In this article, the formation of black markets in response to government regulation will be examined. We will also examine how the black market changes in character with subsidies. The subsidies available for Medicaid patients can be close to 100%. The subsidy makes it profitable for Medicaid patients to be recruited as a source of supply of opioids. The economics of opioids and their black markets will be explained on the basis of supply and demand. The conclusion is that the type of illicit behavior occurring in the U.S. was both rational and predictable based on the regulation of narcotics, monopoly pricing of certain opioids, and the availability of government subsidies to obtain these opioids.
Computational Approaches to Understanding the Ion Channel-Lipid System

This paper reports on molecular dynamics simulations directed towards an understanding of the ion channel-lipid system. We report on the conformational states and dynamics of side chains of gramicidin that interact with the lipid environment, and on simulations of the lipid bilayer itself. One significant result from the gramicidin computations is that restraining the side chain motions inhibits transport through the lumen of the channel. Therefore, it is concluded that lipid-side chain interactions modulate channel function. Another gramicidin result is that the channel has many, not few, side chain conformers. Backbone flexibility appears to play a key role in permitting the existence of many side-chain rotational isomers that would not be permitted if the backbone were rigid. These conformers may be thought of as conformational substates, suggested by Frauenfelder and co-workers to be a general attribute of proteins. The major result of our lipid computations is that they show a degree of water penetration of the membrane and a kind of charge distribution at the water-lipid interface that are consistent with experiment. The charge distribution results in an electrical potential in the membrane interior hundreds of millivolts positive relative to the bath. This is in agreement with experiment and may be explained by the “dangling hydrogen” effect seen by Lee, McCammon, and Rossky (1984) in simulations of water orientation at a hydrophobic surface. Further work is to be done in refining the lipid computations so that they correctly predict lipid phase behavior. It is hoped that ultimately simulations and analysis of the type described in this paper will be useful in elucidating systems including lipid and larger, more typical, biological ion channels.
Fixation du fond vaginal par myorraphie haute médiane des releveurs.

The treatment of prolapse of the vaginal vault is complex and requires abdominal or vaginal procedures associated with significant morbidity. For the last 10 years, the authors have been using a simple transvaginal vault fixation technique, which satisfies the requirements of functional surgery: restoration of anatomy, reduced morbidity, easeto learn. This article is intended to precisely describe the surgical technique and to present the results based on a series of 51 patients operated bwiththis technique.
Ethics, Justice, and Suffering in the Thought of Levinas: The Problem of the Passage

Emmanuel Levinas is the philosopherof suffering as such: a suffering withoutregard for its causes and justifications thatis manifested to the I in its encounter,``beyond being'', with the face of the Other. ``Ethics as first philosophy'', however,subsequently passes over to justice in Levinas'thought, and this means that it passes througha violence that is very much in being. The movement from ethics to justice revealswhat this essay calls ``the problem of thepassage''. Using the thought of Levinas as itspoint of departure, the essay attempts touncover this problem in all of its profundity. A characteristic of all thinking in the Westernphilosophical tradition, the passage fromA to B is best understood as a mode ofthinking that clings to the passage assuch – in the form of ``A ⇒ B'' – as itsown special way of persisting in being. At thesame time, however, this means that ethicscannot support or comfort justice withoutdevouring itself, which is to say the self that both ethics and justice seem torequire.
Test of an improved oil injected helium screw compressor at Fermilab

Fermilab has tested a modified helium oil injected two-stage Mycom screw compressor for possible use in the Tevatron. The tests are part of a joint venture with Mycom. Modifications to the compressor include a new modified rotor profile and new generation lubricant which resulted in increased performance and efficiency. The effects of the modifications on shaft-power and isothermal efficiency are included. The results of these tests will determine the practicality of incorporating these modifications to the thirty-four existing screw compressors of the Tevatron.
How Can They Know What They Don’t Know? The Beliefs and Experiences of Rural School Counselors about STEM Career Advising

Many factors contribute to the educational challenges students face in rural areas, including a lack of funding compared to urban and suburban schools and a lack of role models pursuing postsecondary education. School counselors in all settings are trained to provide education to students about the postsecondary options in demand. College and career counseling with students and families in rural areas requires unique understanding of the rural characteristics that shape community life and family dynamics. National attention on rural education has highlighted a particular need for advising into STEM career fields. Using a phenomenological approach, the researchers examine the beliefs and experiences of eight school counselors working in rural schools regarding their lived experiences of advising students in their rural areas about careers in STEM. Three themes about STEM-focused career development emerged from the interviews with the school counselors, a lack of opportunities and resources, challenging local influences, and ideas for much needed place-based innovations. Implications are discussed for several key players with the ability to improve and increase STEM advising for rural students. Examples include the following: for practicing school counselors, intentional career counseling efforts that include rural families; for counselor educators, the addition of rural field placements and assignments focused on rural student career needs; and for rural communities, combining the school counselor’s efforts with local business and industry to highlight and increase STEM career awareness for students and their families.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses neutrophil migration speed in a transgenic zebrafish model accompanied by reduced inflammatory mediators

Background Polyphenol catechins from green tea, particularly (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), exhibits numerous beneficial health effects, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Methods In this study, the mechanism of EGCG-mediated healing in an experimentally injured zebrafish model was examined at the cellular and molecular level using confocal microscopy and gene expression analysis. Results The mechanisms of action of EGCG were shown to involve: (1) reducing neutrophil response (accumulation, travel speed, and distance) and (2) downregulating the expression of IL-1β, TNFα, and related signaling pathways. As determined by dynamic time-lapse tracking studies, the local accumulation of neutrophils with high migration speeds after wounding (n=33 cells, v=0.020 μm/s, d=37.8 μm), underwent significant reduction following treatment with EGCG doses of 300 μM (n=22 cells, v=0.013 μm/s, d=39.5 μm) and 600 μM (n=18 cells, v=0.008 μm/s, d=9.53 μm). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction studies revealed that several signature genes in the IL-1β, TNFα, and related signaling pathways were downregulated after EGCG treatment. Conclusion The convenience, transparency, and simplicity of the zebrafish model facilitate tracking of fluorescent neutrophils in real time, in order to monitor inflammation, and assess the impact of therapeutic agents.
Selecting Optimal Decisions via Distributionally Robust Nearest-Neighbor Regression

This paper develops a prediction-based prescriptive model for optimal decision making that (i) predicts the outcome under each action using a robust nonlinear model, and (ii) adopts a randomized prescriptive policy determined by the predicted outcomes. The predictive model combines a new regularized regression technique, which was developed using Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) with an ambiguity set constructed from the Wasserstein metric, with the K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) regression, which helps to capture the nonlinearity embedded in the data. We show theoretical results that guarantee the out-of-sample performance of the predictive model, and prove the optimality of the randomized policy in terms of the expected true future outcome. We demonstrate the proposed methodology on a hypertension dataset, showing that our prescribed treatment leads to a larger reduction in the systolic blood pressure compared to a series of alternatives. A clinically meaningful threshold level used to activate the randomized policy is also derived under a sub-Gaussian assumption on the predicted outcome.
Variable Effects Of LDL Subclasses Of Cholesterol On Endothelial Nitric Oxide/Peroxynitrite Balance - The Risks And Clinical Implications For Cardiovascular Disease.

Background Elevated levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL), "bad cholesterol", is not an accurate indicator of coronary disease. About 75% of patients with heart attacks have cholesterol levels that do not indicate a high risk for a cardiovascular event. LDL is comprised of three subclasses, with particles of different size and density. We used nanomedical systems to elucidate the noxious effects of LDL subclasses on endothelium. Experimental Nanosensors were employed to measure the concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) stimulated by LDL subclasses in HUVECs. N-LDL and ox-LDL (subclass A: 1.016-1.019 g/mL, subclass I: 1.024-1.029 g/mL, and subclass B: 1.034-1.053 g/mL) stimulated NO and ONOO- release. The concentrations ratio of (NO)/(ONOO-) was used to evaluate the noxious effects of the subclasses on endothelium. Results In HUVECs, the (NO)/(ONOO-) ratio for normal endothelium is about 5, but shifts to 2.7±0.4, 0.5±0.1, and 0.9±0.1 for subclasses A, B, and I, respectively. Ratios below 1.0 indicate an imbalance between NO and ONOO-, affecting endothelial function. LDL of 50% B and 50% I produced the most severe imbalance (0.45±0.04), whereas LDL of 60% A, 20% B, and 20% I had the most favorable balance of 5.66±0.69. Subclass B significantly elevated the adhesion of molecules and monocytes. The noxious effect was significantly higher for ox-LDL than n-LDL. Conclusion Subclass B of "bad cholesterol" is the most damaging to endothelial function and can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Contrary to the current national guidelines, this study suggests that it's not the total LDL, rather it is the concentration of subclass B in relation to subclasses A and/or I, that should be used for diagnosis of atherosclerosis and the risk of heart attack. By utilizing specific pharmacological therapy to address the concentration of subclass B, there is a potential to significantly reduce the risk of heart attack and atherosclerosis.
Reconfigurable Math Accelerator for ultra-low power sensing workloads on IoT edge devices

Fast evolving algorithms in domains like machine learning/AI demand some level of programmability to remain market relevant. Current approaches to programmability such as DSP cores and FPGAs are not energy efficient and hence not suitable for power constrained IoT edge devices. This paper looks at an alternative approach to programmability through a coarse grain reconfigurable accelerator built as a library of mathematical functions implemented on a chassis. This architecture is implemented on Intel 14nm CMOS technology and takes an area of 0.015mm2 consuming less than 100uJ on typical workloads. Sensor fusion algorithms like Kalman and Madgwick filters are mapped onto this IP as a case study to verify the solution. The results show 100x improvement in power and performance compared to software implementation of these algorithm on generic DSP cores.
Demonstration of a Low Latency (<20 ps) Fine-pitch (≤10 μm) Assembly on the Silicon Interconnect Fabric

We successfully demonstrate a fine-pitch (≤10 μm) assembly of functional dies on the Silicon-Interconnect Fabric (Si-IF) platform. Using the Simple Universal Parallel intERface on chips (SuperCHIPS) protocol, we experimentally show that the short links on Si-IF (≤500 μm) have a low latency of <20 ps for inter-die communication. In addition, we demonstrate a 4 Gbps/link data-transfer using the SuperCHIPS interface. This corresponds to an improvement of 10-50X in latency and 6-100X in data-bandwidth compared to conventional packaging technologies.
Mental illness is associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation among cancer surgical patients.

Abstract Background Mental illness and depression can be associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation (SI). We sought to determine the association between mental illness and SI among cancer surgical patients. Methods Medicare beneficiaries who underwent resection of lung, esophageal, pancreatic, colon, or rectal cancer were analyzed. Patients were categorized as no mental illness, anxiety and/or depression disorders or bipolar/schizophrenic disorders. Results Among 211,092 Medicare beneficiaries who underwent surgery for cancer, the rate of suicidal ideation was 270/100,000 patients. Antecedent mental health diagnosis resulted in a marked increased SI. On multivariable analysis, patients with anxiety alone (OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.04–2.14), depression alone (OR 2.60, 95%CI 1.92–3.38), anxiety + depression (OR 4.50, 95%CI 3.48–5.86), and bipolar/schizophrenia (OR 7.30, 95%CI 5.27–10.30) had increased odds of SI. Conclusions Roughly 1 in 370 Medicare beneficiaries with cancer who underwent a wide range of surgical procedures had SI. An antecedent mental health diagnosis was a strong risk factor for SI.
Contact Dermatitis From Gum Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus) and Gum Storax (Liquidambar styraciflua) in Mastisol-Allergic Patients.

Background Mastisol Liquid Adhesive is widely used on the skin, especially after surgical procedures. It contains gum mastic, gum storax, methyl salicylate, and ethanol. Objective The aims of the study were to review our experience patch testing patients allergic to Mastisol and to assess coreacting substances. Methods We identified 18 patients who were allergic to Mastisol. Most of these had a history of postoperative or cardiac electrode dermatitis and underwent patch testing with multiple surgically related substances, including ingredients of Mastisol, compound tincture of benzoin, and fragrance-related ingredients and botanicals. Results and conclusions Among Mastisol-allergic patients, 13 (72%) of 18 were allergic to gum mastic, whereas 7 (44%) of 16 were allergic to gum storax. There was frequent coreactivity with various fragrance-related materials, including Majantol, Styrax benzoin, Myroxylon balsamum, Myroxylon pereirae, propolis, and others. Two gum mastic-allergic patients had positive patch tests with hydroperoxides of linalool and several other linalool-containing essential oils. As gum mastic contains linalool, it may explain some gum mastic reactions. Among patients without a history of postoperative contact dermatitis, 1 (0.4%) of 250 was patch test positive for gum mastic. This patient had allergic contact dermatitis from fragrances, so the gum mastic reaction was likely a true-positive relevant reaction.
Stroke Recurrence and Its Relationship With Language Abilities.

Purpose Many factors influence poststroke language recovery, yet little is known about the influence of previous stroke(s) on language after left hemisphere stroke. In this prospective longitudinal...
Does the Mundell-Fleming Model Apply to Malaysia's Output?

Based on an extended Mundell-Fleming model, this paper finds that both fiscal expansion and monetary expansion raise output in Malaysia and that a lower real interest rate, a higher stock value, a lower real oil price and a lower expected inflation rate increase output. Hence, a managed floating system with no predetermined path of the exchange rate adopted by Malaysia may lead to better outcomes than the predictions of the Mundell- Fleming model that fiscal expansion does not raise output under a floating exchange rate but increases output under a fixed exchange rate whereas monetary expansion increases output under a floating exchange rate but does not affect output under a fixed exchange rate (Mankiw, 2019).
Newer Approaches to Genetic Modeling in Mice : Tissue-Specific Protein Expression as Studied Using Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)

Virtually all scientists are aware of the tremendous progress in genetic modeling brought about by targeted homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Often called a “knockout mouse”, the ability to modify the mouse genome has created animal models for a large number of disease processes. Typically, targeted genetic modifications are used to inactivate a gene resulting in a mouse null for the corresponding protein. While this approach has been tremendously useful, the most recent work in this area makes use of more subtle genetic modifications to probe the functional role of a protein in an organ-specific or developmental fashion. This review will touch on work from my group and several other laboratories that are using newer approaches to gene targeting with the goal of creating mouse models that ask questions not addressable through the simple inactivation of a gene.
Adenylate deaminase. II. Purification and some regulatory properties of the enzyme from calf brain.

Abstract A procedure is described for purifying adenylate deaminase from calf brain. The method involves salt precipitation from the soluble protein of brain followed by heat treatment, diethylaminoethyl cellulose column chromatography, and either sucrose density gradient centrifugation or gel filtration. The final purification is 180-fold. The enzyme is activated by adenosine triphosphate and by alkali metal ions. The most effective alkali metal ion is that of lithium. Ammonium and tetramethylammonium ions have no effect on activity. The activators do not alter the pH optimum of the enzyme, which is about pH 6.2. ATP protects the enzyme against heat inactivation. Some kinetic properties of the enzyme in the presence and in the absence of ATP and LiCl are presented. A plot of the reaction rate with respect to the AMP concentration in the absence of activators yields a curve with a pronounced sigmoidal shape. Addition of LiCl yields similar curves which are displaced to the left. Addition of ATP yields curves which approximate rectangular hyperbolas. The effect of both activators is thus to increase the apparent affinity of the enzyme for AMP without affecting the maximum reaction velocity. Conversely, increasing the concentration of AMP has the effect of increasing the apparent affinity of the enzyme for ATP. Addition of LiCl also increases the apparent affinity of the enzyme for ATP.
Liberalism in Empire: An Alternative History, by Andrew Sartori

The scholarly debate about the role of liberal thought in the maintenance of and rationale for empire has been resurrected every decade now for over a century, revealing, if anything, the polysemic...
Electronic packaging for extended Mars surface missions

Extended Mars missions require vehicles to survive a large number of extended temperature cycles. To address this issue for electronics, previous strategies have placed electronics in a "warm electronics box" where thermal management is more easily maintained. However, that strategy limits number and location of electronics. An alternative strategy allows electronics to be remotely located on actuator and wheel arms with no heating, which has the advantage of distributed control. This strategy requires the electronics to survive the Martian extremes of -120 to +20/spl deg/C for the duration of the mission. In addition, wheel motor controllers were mounted directly on the motor casing extending the temperature range on the warm side to +85/spl deg/C (including some margin). Since missions may last 18 months or more and with day-night cycles on Mars at about 26 hours this means exposure to approximately 500 cycles. Typical testing is performed to 3/spl times/ the number of cycles giving the electronics a testing requirement of -120 to +85/spl deg/C for 1,500 cycles. A chip on board strategy was selected and a parallel approach of materials characterization and physics of failure with engineering experimentation is being used to address the issues of a large temperature swing with many cycles. A full factorial experiment, designed to highlight expected failure modes from the physics of failure analysis, is being conducted. The experiment is designed to evaluate different substrate materials, different die attach materials and different encapsulants or coatings. Combinations of these materials are being evaluated on a test vehicle with a range of die sizes in an effort to determine lifetime and to verify failure modes. Initial results were presented.
"See a Need, Fill a Need"—Reaching Out to the Bioinformatics Research Community at Iowa State University

This article describes my efforts in organizing the "National Center for Biotechnology (NCBI) Field Guide" workshop in March 2006 and four NCBI mini-courses in April 2007 at Iowa State University. It also includes an overview of academic libraries that are providing bioinformatics support and summarizes library involvement in hosting NCBI courses. A discussion of how hosting the NCBI courses has influenced my collection development, instruction, and liaison activities and suggestions to librarians about how to get involved with bioinformatics is also included.
The Consequences of Rapid Population Growth on Human Resource Development: The Case of Education

The consequences of rapid population growth on human resource development have attracted considerable concern amongst analysts and policy makers. Theories have highlighted the adverse impact on economic growth of diverting resources from productivity-enhancing machines and factories toward education and human capital, hypothesized to have lower rates of return.1 Empirical studies have documented the potentially high costs of schooling required just to sustain educational standards. Expanding the coverage and levels of education would seem to represent a daunting task for many Third World countries.2
Abstract 16902: Depressive Symptoms Mediate the Relationship between Perceived Control and Quality of Life in Patients with Heart Failure and their Family Caregivers

Background: Depressive symptoms are common and associated with poor quality of life in patients with heart failure (HF) and their family caregivers. Perceived control over management of HF is associated with both depressive symptoms and quality of life for both patients and caregivers. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the relationship between perceived control and quality of life was mediated by depressive symptoms. Methods: A total of 128 patients with HF and their family caregivers completed questionnaires in which depressive symptoms, perceived control, and quality of life were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, Cardiac Attitude Index, and SF-12. A series of multiple regressions were used to determine mediation effect of depressive symptoms in patients and caregivers separately. Significant test of mediation effect (i.e., indirect effect) was examined by Sobel z-score testing. Results: Perceived control was associated with quality of life and depressive symptoms for patients and caregivers. When depressive symptoms were added into the prediction model for quality of life, the significant relationship between perceived control and quality of life disappeared as shown by changes from C to C’ in Figure 1 in both patients and caregivers. The mediation effects of depressive symptoms were significant and high as 88% and 63% of total effect for patient and caregivers, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that perceived control is critical in quality of life for both patients and caregivers. The significant mediation effect of depressive symptoms on this relationship more clearly provides direction for interventions to improve quality of life in dyads.
On surface stress and surface tension: II. Determination of the surface stress of gold

Abstract A lattice contraction of small (2 r = 35 A to 125 A) gold nuclei is observed as a function of their radii. The contraction is interpreted in terms of surface stress, and a value of 1175 dyn/cm is obtained for the surface stress of gold, at a temperature of approximately 50°C, with the maximum error estimated at ± 200 dyn/cm.
Publication Bias:A call for improved meta-analytic practice in the organizational sciences

Previous research has introduced the threat of publication bias to meta-analytic reviews in management and industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology research. However, a comprehensive review of top-tier journals demonstrates that more than two thirds of meta-analytic studies in management and I/O psychology ignore the issue. Of the studies that do empirically evaluate publication bias, almost all use methods that are based on problematic assumptions (e.g., the Failsafe N and subgroup comparisons by source of data).The current paper reviews the issue of publication bias and introduces to management and I/O psychology new methodological techniques to assess this bias.To illustrate the methods, multiple publication bias methods are demonstrated in a meta-analytic review of conditional reasoning tests for aggression.We offer specific recommendations that address both design and analysis issues to mitigate the existence and influence of publication bias.
Seasonal Dynamics of Bacterial Colonization of Cotton Fiber and Effects of Moisture on Growth of Bacteria within the Cotton Boll

A highly replicated 3-year field study was conducted to determine the seasonal patterns of bacterial colonization of cotton fiber from the time of dehiscence of the bolls (the point at which the bolls just begin to open) through harvest and commercial ginning. Bacterial numbers on fiber samples from 16 plots were determined by dilution pour plating with tryptic soy agar containing cycloheximide, and numbers of gram-negative bacteria were determined by plating on tryptic soy agar containing vancomycin and cycloheximide. Populations of bacteria varied from year to year, but in all three seasons the pattern of colonization was generally a pattern consisting of a rapid increase following opening of the bolls and a more or less stable number thereafter throughout the growing season. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 50% or more of the recoverable bacterial population. We hypothesized that the luxuriant bacterial flora developed as a result of the availability of sufficient free water in the bolls to allow bacterial proliferation with the carbon sources remaining after fiber maturation. Therefore, laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the threshold moisture level allowing growth of bacteria on fiber in the bolls. Bacterial proliferation occurred when as little as 2% moisture was added to air-dried fiber. Using simulated bolls, we demonstrated bacterial growth resulting from dew formation on fiber held in controlled-humidity chambers.
3-D histogram modification of color images

While histogram modification has traditionally been used for the enhancement of color images, it has usually been restricted to processing the luminance component and, in some cases, the saturation. Reducing the problem's dimensionality in this manner generally sacrifices the ability to make full use of the color space gamut. Presented here are two novel color image contrast enhancement approaches which operate in three dimensions and aim for full gamut utilization. One is an extension of the histogram explosion algorithm to operate in CIELUV color space, intended to produce perceptually improved results compared to the original RGB method. The other is a new and very efficient recursive method, "histogram decimation," whose output is roughly similar to that of the RGB histogram explosion algorithm. Both algorithms are briefly discussed along with their major characteristics. A direct comparison follows, based on processing a set of standard test images. The performance analysis quantitatively compares the computation time and the mean-squared error in the cdf vs. an ideal, uniform distribution.
From digital to analog and back: the ideology of intelligent machines in the history of the electrical analyzer, 1870s-1960s

The example of the electrical analyzer, a genre of computing artifacts known mainly by their development and use in the context of electrification, is treated as representative of the historical oscillation between analog and digital computing orientations. Artificial electric lines, short-circuit calculating boards, and alternating current network analyzers are discussed as examples of electrical analyzers. Counting on the successful employment of the ideology of intelligent machines in the context of the history of the electrical analyzer, the first part of the article searches for a direct ancestor of the post-World War II computing ideology. The second part of the article proposes to interpret the ideology of intelligent machines as an effect related to the social conditions of the appropriation of computing labor. Overall, the article argues about the historical, i.e., antiessentialist, character of the demarcation of digital from analog orientation.
pH dependence of the isomerase activity of protein disulfide isomerase: insights into its functional relevance.

The isomerase efficacy of the oxidoreductase, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), has been examined by a simple method. Using this technique, the pH-dependence of relative efficiency of isomerization reactions by PDI has been evaluated and its impact on a key structure-forming step in the oxidative folding pathway of a model protein determined. Results reveal that PDI has a greater relative impact on thiol-disulfide reshuffling (isomerization) reactions and consequently the structure-forming step in oxidative folding at pH 7, as opposed to pH’s 8 and 9. These results suggest that PDI, which possesses an anomalously low thiol pKa, is fine-tuned to catalyze oxidative folding in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum where the ambient pH of ∼7 would otherwise retard thiol-disulfide exchange reactions and hinder acquisition of the native fold. The pH-dependent impact on isomerization catalysis has important implications for the development of synthetic chaperones for in vivo and in vitro applications.
Role of the C(5)-C(5a) Exomethylene Group in Bicyclomycin: Synthesis, Structure, and Biochemical and Biological Properties.

Thirty-two C(5)−C(5a) exomethylene-modified bicyclomycin derivatives were prepared to determine the effect of structural modification of this unit on bicyclomycin (1) function. The compounds were grouped into three categories: the C(5)-unsaturated bicyclomycins, the C(5a)-substituted C(5)−C(5a)-dihydrobicyclomycin derivatives, and the C(5)-modified norbicyclomycins. An efficient three-step procedure was developed to synthesize C(5a)-substituted C(5),C(5a)-dihydrobicyclomycins. Bicyclomycin was converted to bicyclomycin C(2‘),C(3‘)-acetonide (36) and then treated with a nucleophile in 50% aqueous methanol (“pH” 10.5) to give the C(5a)-substituted C(5),C(5a)-dihydrobicyclomycin C(2‘),C(3‘)-acetonide. Removal of the acetonide group (trifluoroacetic acid in 50% aqueous methanol) in the final step provided the desired bicyclomycin derivative. All the compounds were evaluated using the rho-dependent ATPase assay and their antimicrobial activities determined using a filter disc assay. Most of the compounds were...
The Zinc Requirement of Broad Breasted Bronze Poults

Abstract THE data of O’Dell et al. (1958), Young, Edwards and Gillis (1958), Roberson and Schaible (1958) and Moeller and Scott (1958) indicate that the dietary zinc requirement of starting chickens is 30 to 40 parts per million (ppm.). The consistent nature of these results can be readily explained. In all of these studies, special precautions were taken to isolate the chicks from any environmental zinc. The zinc requirement of starting turkeys has not been studied so extensively under such carefully controlled conditions. Slinger et al. (1956) fed Broad Breasted Bronze poults a practical starting diet containing either 2.0 or 3.0 percent calcium with 0, 25 and 50 ppm. of supplemental zinc. The addition of 50 ppm. of zinc to the basal diet, which contained by analysis 58 ppm. of zinc, resulted in a significant increase in the weight of males and tended to decrease the weight of females fed diets …