cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of video-based, online education on behavioral and knowledge outcomes in sunscreen use: a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Objectives To compare online video and pamphlet education at improving patient comprehension and adherence to sunscreen use, and to assess patient satisfaction with the two educational approaches. Methods In a randomized controlled trial, 94 participants received either online, video-based education or pamphlet-based education that described the importance and proper use of sunscreen. Sun protective knowledge and sunscreen application behaviors were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks after group-specific intervention. Results Participants in both groups had similar levels of baseline sunscreen knowledge. Post-study analysis revealed significantly greater improvement in the knowledge scores from video group members compared to the pamphlet group ( p =0.003). More importantly, video group participants reported greater sunscreen adherence ( p p p =0.018). Conclusion Video-based learning is a more effective educational tool for teaching sun protective knowledge and encouraging sunscreen use than written materials. Practice implications More effective patient educational methods to encourage sun protection activities, such as regular sunscreen use, have the potential to increase awareness and foster positive, preventative health behaviors against skin cancers.
Direct current and differential pulse polarography of penicillamine

Abstract The direct current and differential pulse polarographic behavior of the sulfhydryl group of penicillamine in 0.056 M citrate buffer of pH 6.45 was investigated. Depending on the concentration of penicillamine, one, two, or three waves were obtained. In most of the concentration regions investigated (1×10−5–1×10−3 M), a linear relationship was found to exist between concentration and the d.c. wave height. In the case of d.p. polarography, a linear relationship was obtained below the 5×10−4 M level. A study of the effects of mercury pressure on d.c. wave heights, the effects of Triton X-100 on both d.c. and d.p. polarograms, and the analysis of electrocapillary curves indicates that penicillamine exhibits an adsorption wave. Log plot analysis indicates that the electrode reaction product is RSHg. The calculated d.p. peak current was found to be lower than the experimental current, and the diffusion coefficient of penicillamine in 0.056 M citrate buffer of pH 6.45 was found to be 7.8×10−6 cm2 s−1.
Integrated electro-optic lens/scanner in a LiTaO3 single crystal

We report what we believe to be the first stand-alone integrated electro-optic lens and scanner fabricated on a single crystal of Z-cut LiTaO(3). The independently controlled lens and scanner components consist of lithographically defined domain-inverted regions extending through the thickness of the crystal. A lens power of 0.233 cm(-1) kV(-1) and a deflection angle of 12.68 mrad kV(-1) were observed at the output of the device.
Embryonic diapause in the psocid, Peripsocus quadrifasciatus: photoperiod, temperature, ontogeny and geographic variation

. Embryonic diapause in Peripsocus quadrifasciatus from temperate North America is a maternally-induced, facultative, temperature-dependent response to photoperiod. The length of the critical photoperiod necessary to induce diapause increases approximately 15 min for every degree increase of a population's latitude. Variations in this critical photoperiod cline are probably adaptations to the temperature influences of altitude and other local factors. Nymphs play an important role in reading environmental conditions and determining the adults' response to them. The evidence on cold survival of non-diapausing embryos suggests dormancy as an alternative to winter diapause, particularly in the more moderate, southern latitudes.
High-field facilities at the Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights the features of high-field facilities at the Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory (FBNML). The laboratory features over two dozen water-cooled, superconducting, and combination magnets with fields ranging up to 30 teslas in a 3.3 cm bore and a homogeneous 25 τ in a 5.4 cm bore. The facility is available free of charge; this attracts scientists worldwide. The power supply consists of two identical shafts of rotating machinery. Each includes a 4.6 MW synchronous motor fed from a 4.16 kV substation, a pair of 240 V direct-current generators, and an 80-ton flywheel to help smooth field ripple and to store energy for multisecond pulses. Together, the four generators can deliver 40 kA continuously. The control system provides a current stability of ∼ 0.1% peak-to-peak; a 6 Hz ripple is the major component of this noise. All of the laboratory's high-field magnets are of the Bitter design. The laboratory's new hybrid system, brought on-line in early 1981, offers two combinations of field and bore: 30 τ in a 3.3 cm bore and a homogeneous 25 τ in a 5.4 cm bore. One of the facilities at FBNML is a group of four spectrometers operating at proton-observed frequencies of 272, 304, 306, and 498 MHz. The last of these incorporates a superconducting magnet generating 11.7 τ by means of niobium–titanium operating at 2.3 K.
Comparative Analysis of the HV1 and HV2 Regions of Human Mitochondrial DNA by Denaturing High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography

Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) was evaluated as a sequencing-independent means of detecting the presence of sequence differences in pair-wise mixtures of nonconcordant amplicons of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). A total of 920 pair-wise combinations of HV1 and HV2 mtDNA amplicons from 95 individuals were assayed by DHPLC for sequence concordance/nonconcordance. For the 72 combinations of amplicons from different individuals who shared identical DNA sequences, DHPLC assays consistently indicated sequence concordance between the samples. This was in 100% agreement with sequencing data. For the 849 combinations of amplicons which differed in sequence, DHPLC detected the presence of sequence nonconcordance in all but 13 assays to yield 98.5% concordance with sequencing. Thus, DHPLC can be used to detect a diversity of sequence differences (transitions, transversions, insertions, and deletions) in the mtDNA D-loop. Accordingly, DHPLC may have utility as a presumptive indicator of mtDNA sequence concordance samples, as a screen for heteroplasmy/situational mixtures, and as a means for the physical fractionation of the individual contributors to an mtDNA mixture prior to sequencing.
Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate Treatment Increases Glucosinolate Biosynthesis and Quinone Reductase Activity in Kale Leaf Tissue

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) spray treatments were applied to the kale varieties 'Dwarf Blue Curled Vates' and 'Red Winter' in replicated field plantings in 2010 and 2011 to investigate alteration of glucosinolate (GS) composition in harvested leaf tissue. Aqueous solutions of 250 µM MeJA were sprayed to saturation on aerial plant tissues four days prior to harvest at commercial maturity. The MeJA treatment significantly increased gluconasturtiin (56%), glucobrassicin (98%), and neoglucobrassicin (150%) concentrations in the apical leaf tissue of these genotypes over two seasons. Induction of quinone reductase (QR) activity, a biomarker for anti-carcinogenesis, was significantly increased by the extracts from the leaf tissue of these two cultivars. Extracts of apical leaf tissues had greater MeJA mediated increases in phenolics, glucosinolate concentrations, GS hydrolysis products, and QR activity than extracts from basal leaf tissue samples. The concentration of the hydrolysis product of glucoraphanin, sulforphane was significantly increased in apical leaf tissue of the cultivar 'Red Winter' in both 2010 and 2011. There was interaction between exogenous MeJA treatment and environmental conditions to induce endogenous JA. Correlation analysis revealed that indole-3-carbanol (I3C) generated from the hydrolysis of glucobrassicin significantly correlated with QR activity (r = 0.800, P<0.001). Concentrations required to double the specific QR activity (CD values) of I3C was calculated at 230 µM, which is considerably weaker at induction than other isothiocyanates like sulforphane. To confirm relationships between GS hydrolysis products and QR activity, a range of concentrations of MeJA sprays were applied to kale leaf tissues of both cultivars in 2011. Correlation analysis of these results indicated that sulforaphane, NI3C, neoascorbigen, I3C, and diindolylmethane were all significantly correlated with QR activity. Thus, increased QR activity may be due to combined increases in phenolics (quercetin and kaempferol) and GS hydrolysis product concentrations rather than by individual products alone.
1638 URINARY CITRATE EXCRETION IN CHILDREN WITH HYPERCALCIURIA

Decreased urinary excretion of citrate, an inhibitor of urinary crystal formation is typical of adult patients (pts) with hypercalciuria (HCU). We examined urinary citrate excretion in 28 children with HCU (urine calcium >4mg/kg/d on unrestricted diet), in 5 pts with unexplained calcium stones, and in 7 normal children to determine if hypocitraturia is present early in the natural history of HCU and if citrate excretion differs in HCU pts with and without calculi. 24-hour urine citrate and calcium excretion were measured during a 300 mg calcium, 2 gm sodium diet. Renal (RHCU) or absorptive (AHCU) was determined by a calcium loading test. Data are mean ± SE. Urinary citrate was not statistically different from normal in RHCU, AHCU or unexplained stone pts; urine citrate in AHCU was less than RHCU, P<0.05 and was not statistically different in RHCU pts with or without calculi (510±45 vs 569±50 mg/gm creat) or in AHCU pts with or without calculi (348±78 vs 414±81 mg/gm creat). An inverse relationship between urine citrate and age was observed in HCU pts (r= -0.42, P<0.05) but not in normal controls (P<0.2). Differences in urinary citrate excretion between children and adults with HCU may explain the apparent reduced risk of calculi in children.
Induction of precocious puberty in heifers III: hastened reduction of estradiol negative feedback on secretion of luteinizing hormone.

Precocious puberty ( or = 1 LH pulse/h) earlier (P < 0.05) than in the OVXE-C treatment (307 +/- 30 and 420 +/- 21 d of age, respectively). It is concluded that advancing the reduction of estradiol negative feedback on secretion of LH is the mechanism by which early weaning and feeding a high-concentrate diet results in precocious puberty in heifers.
Hydrogen release from a mixture of NaBH4 and Mg(OH)2

Abstract Hydrogen generating reaction between sodium borohydride, NaBH4, and magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2 (brucite), was studied. Reaction rate was found to depend on the degree of reactants homogenization and/or their particle size. Kinetic of the reaction was studied in isothermal approach in the temperature range of 240–360 °C. It is shown that the reaction obeys 2D diffusion mechanism and its activation energy is 155.9 kJ/mol. Powder XRD analysis and Raman spectroscopy reveal that mechanically activated mixture of NaBH4 and Mg(OH)2 reacts yielding MgO as the only crystalline phase in the temperature range of 240–318 °C. At higher temperatures a new crystalline tetragonal phase of as yet undetermined composition is developed.
Ion exchange in fused salts—V The influence of temperature on the ion-exchange behaviour of crystalline zirconium phosphate in molten NaNO3KNO3 mixtures

Abstract Measurements of the Na K exchange rate in crystalline zirconium phosphate shows that, from a kinetic point of view, the ion exchange process can be divided into two stages, which are strictly related to the substitution of the two exchangeable cations. Forward and reverse ion exchange isotherms for Na K exchange in molten NaNO3 KNO3 mixtures at 300°C show the occurrence of considerable hysteresis, contrary to previous findings at 450°C. The ion exchange behavior of zirconium phosphate in molten nitrates at 300°C shows that the Na K exchange is a discrete process controlled by the phase transitions, similar to that which was previously found in aqueous solution.
Invited: Physical limits in digital electronics

Miniaturization has been found to be the avenue to progress in digital electronics. Dielectric breakdown, thermal resistance and random fluctuations of impurity numbers can be identified as effects that will limit progress toward smaller dimensions.
Esophageal intelligibility training: back consonants and clusters.

Abstract Seven esophageal speakers recorded multiple choice intelligibility lists loaded with words beginning with +BACK consonants and clusters. (A third of the items began with -BACK consonants and clusters.) After recording several lists, they played them back and scored them, noting their errors for independent practice. After eight sessions (four weeks) of practice, prepractice and postpractice recordings were randomized and presented to a group of naive listeners. The group scores for the +BACK words improved significantly from prepractice to postpractice (84.1% to 90.6%). The average gain per session for +BACK practice was 0.81%, a result that was in close agreement with prior research. The average gain for the less-practiced -BACK items was 0.46%.
On the relationship between wetting and adsorption of polymeric resins

Abstract A general relationship between wetting and adsorption of polymeric resins is derived from the Gibbs and Young's equations and its implications discussed.
99th Dahlem Conference on Infection, Inflammation and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: epidemiological evidence.

While the causes of multiple sclerosis (MS) are unknown, there is strong evidence that infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an important factor. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological evidence and argue for a causal role of EBV in MS aetiology. One of the most striking and consistent observations is that MS is extremely rare among EBV-negative individuals. Further, the timing of EBV infection appears to be critical, with individuals who are infected during adolescence and young adulthood, when the infection is more likely to manifest as mononucleosis, having a two- to threefold greater risk of MS compared to individuals infected in early life. These observations challenge the hygiene hypothesis which states that being in a high hygiene environment in early life increases future risk of MS - if this general formulation were true, EBV-negative individuals would be expected to have an increased risk of MS. Additional support for the causal role of EBV comes from longitudinal, prospective studies which show remarkable consistency, in that antibodies against EBV are elevated prior to MS onset. However, while infection with EBV is consistent with many observations of MS epidemiology, there are some that remain unexplained, suggesting that other factors are also involved in determining risk.
Outcomes After Liver Transplant in Patients Aged 70 Years or Older Compared With Those Younger Than 60 Years

OBJECTIVE To compare mortality, graft loss, and postoperative complications after liver transplant in older patients (≥70 years) with those in younger patients ( PATIENTS AND METHODS Outcomes for 42 patients aged 70 years or older who underwent liver transplant were compared with those of 42 matched controls younger than 60 years. All patients underwent transplants between March 19, 1998, and May 7, 2004. Information was collected on patient characteristics, comorbid conditions, laboratory results, donor and operative variables, medical and surgical complications, and mortality and graft loss. RESULTS Preoperative characteristics were similar across age groups, except for creatinine ( P =.01) and serum albumin ( P =.03) values, which were higher in older patients, and an earlier year of transplant in younger patients ( P P =.04) and more intraoperative fluids ( P =.001) than did younger patients. Postoperatively, bilirubin level ( P =.007) and international normalized ratios ( P =.01) were lower in older patients, whereas albumin level was higher ( P P >.99) or graft loss (relative risk, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.54-2.52; P =.70). The frequency of other complications did not differ significantly between age groups, although older patients had more cardiovascular complications. CONCLUSION Five-year mortality and graft loss in older recipients were comparable with those in younger recipients, suggesting that age alone should not exclude older patients from liver transplant.
Temperature-sensitive mutants of BALB/3T3 cells. III. Hybrids between ts2 and other mouse mutant cells affected in DNA synthesis and correction of ts2 defect by human X chromosome.

Complementation studies were performed withts 2, a mouse 3T3 cell mutant temperature sensitive (ts) for cell and viral DNA synthesis. Thets phenotype is corrected by non -ts mouse or human cells and a non-DNA− ts mutant. This gene had been localized to a region on the human X chromosome near the HPRT locus based on isozyme and karyotype analysis of hybrids. Unusually rapid loss and fragmentation of human chromosomes occurs in hybrids withts 2. Hybrids betweents 2 and other DNA− ts mutants of mouse cells did not show complementation of the growth phenotype.
The non‐double‐couple component of deep earthquakes and the width of the seismogenic zone

It has recently been proposed that all deep earthquakes (> 400 km depth) are caused by a shear instability associated with the transformation of metastable olivine to its high-pressure polymorphs within the cold core of subducting slabs (Green and Burnley, 1989; Kirby et al., 1991). If so, then the seismogenic zone would narrow with depth below 400 km following slab isotherms. Because the ratio of fault slip to length does not increase markedly with depth, and stress orientations indicate that deep fault planes are not parallel to the subducting slab, a fault plane large enough to generate a very large, deep earthquake would not fit within a narrow seismogenic zone and multiple fault planes would be needed. If the fault planes are not parallel due to spatial variations in stress, a deviatoric non-double-couple component (volume-preserving, non-shearing part) of the seismic moment tensor is likely to result. Thus, if the seismogenic zone narrows with depth, one would expect an increasing non-double-couple component (1) for large earthquakes as depth increases from 400 to 700 km, and (2) for very deep earthquakes (below 550 km depth) as seismic moment increases. Data from the Harvard CMT catalog, augmented by moment tensor inversions for the two largest deep earthquakes during the past thirty years, are examined for these features. Although significant scatter is present, the data roughly follow the trends described above, suggesting a relationship between the non-double-couple component of deep earthquakes and the geometry of a seismogenic zone narrowing with depth.
SAMPLING ERROR IN FIRST ORDER STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE

This study analyzes the standard method of testing for first order stochastic dominance from a statistical viewpoint and applies a boundary crossing algorithm to approximate the resulting error probabilities. Error probabilities can be estimated even when the two distributions are not equal. This approach, which is useful when large sample simulations are not feasible, helps clarify some of the unusual results obtained by Kroll and Levy in an earlier study.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE SKIN OF HUMAN EMBRYOS V. THE HAIR GERM AND PERIFOLLICULAR MESENCHYMAL CELLS HAIR GERM-MESENCHYME INTERACTION

SUMMARY.— Electron microscopic studies on embryonic hair development were performed using the scalp and eyebrow skin of 10 Negro embryos of the menstrual ages of 9 to 15 weeks. New ultramicroscopic findings were: (1) The peripheral cells of the hair germ extended into the mesenchyme pseudopodia, not covered by the basal lamina. (2) Mesenchymal cells crowded beneath the hair germ were connected with desmosome-like junctions. Direct contact of these cells with the basal lamina of the hair germ was seen. (3) A halfdesmosome- like structure was found between the mesenchymal cells and mesenchymal fine filaments.
Mobile application development classes for the mobile era

There are many flavors of upper division elective classes that cover subjects related to mobile technologies and application development. However, there is a general lack of publications discussing the philosophy, implementation, and results from these classes. When researching for a new upper division mobile application development elective class, based on our students' needs and state of the mobile technologies, we consulted the extensive online information, and drafted guidelines and desired learning outcomes. In the subsequent years, we implemented two versions of mobile application development classes based on the guidelines and learning outcomes. The first, focused on the development of practical mobile applications while the second studied design issues surrounding modern mobile applications and their development. Both classes are project based where students build mobile applications to demonstrate their understanding, and both classes were well received. This paper describes our efforts and the classes, summarizes the results from the classes, and discusses the merits of implementation vs. design based mobile application development classes.
A New High‐pressure Form of B2O3 and Inferences on Cation Coordination from Infrared Spectroscopy

A new crystalline variety of B/sub 2/O/sub 3/ has been prepared at pressures above 22,000 atmospheres and above 400 deg C. The properties are listed. These moderate pressures also are sufficient to catalyze the crystallization of the more common hexagonal form from B/sub 2/O/sub 3/ glass. Pressures, however, of up to 50,000 atmospheres will not convert Ge0/sub 2/ quartz to GeO/sub 2/ rutile at room tempera ture. From the infrared absorption patterns of appropriate phases it can be shown that in coesite the tetrahedral coordination of Si/sup 4+/ or Be/sup 2+/ in the model BeF/sub 2/-coesite phase) must he unchanged. In the new form of B/sub 2/O/sub 3, however, the coordination number must be substantially different from that in the common hexagonal B/sub 2/O/sub 3/ . (auth)
Computer simulation of TDRSS autotracking

The Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) consists of synchronous-orbit satellites and a single ground station at White Sands, NM. Each TDRSS satellite has two 16-foot dish antennas with dual-frequency feeds for transmission and reception at S- and Ku-band. Autotracking is required on the Ku-band return link from user spacecraft. The TDRSS autotrack system was verified by computer simulation rather than by end-to-end hardware testing. One of the simulation models is described. Attention is given to an overview of system operation, a computer model description, and the simulation results. An example plot shows the sensitivity of system pointing error to user incidental amplitude modulation frequency.
Nosocomial Legionnaires' Disease Caused by Aerosolized Tap Water from Respiratory Devices

Five cases of nosocomial Legionnaires' disease which occurred over a five-month period were retrospectively investigated. Chart review showed that during the two- to 10-day incubation period before the onset of illness, all of the patients inhaled aerosolized tap water from jet nebulizers (four patients) or from a portable room humidifier (one patient), and all received high dosages of corticosteroids or adrenocorticotropic hormone. Exposure to both factors was highly significant (P less than 0.000001) when compared with the rate of exposure in 69 control patients. Environmental cultures yielded Legionella pneumophila from tap water and from reservoirs of tap water-filled respiratory devices. The yield was highest from hot tap water, in which the free chlorine level was less than 0.05 parts per million. Thus, Legionnaires' disease may be caused by contaminated aerosols from respiratory devices, and the use of contaminated tap water in such devices represents a previously unrecognized hazard to which corticosteroid-treated patients should not be exposed.
Twinship influence on morbidity and mortality across the lifespan

Background Studies in twins may be questioned with respect to their representativeness of the general population, not least considering the potential importance of the fetal environment for future health and disease. To better understand the influence twinning may have on health, we investigated long-term health outcomes of twins, their singleton siblings and singletons from the population. Methods Morbidity and mortality in twins was contrasted to that of their singleton siblings. These singletons from families with twins were then compared with singletons of the population to further reveal potential twin family influences on health. Familial relations were identified through the Swedish Multi-Generation Register. Among individuals born between 1932 and 1958, the number of twins and their singleton siblings identified were 49,156 and 35,277, respectively. Outcomes were incident overall cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death, identified in national registers. Standardized survival functions were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression and the corresponding cumulative risks plotted against age. Results Cumulative risks of cancer, CVD and death in twins did not differ from singletons of families with twins, who in turn were found to be similar to singletons of families without twins. As could be expected from these findings, no differences in risks were found when twins were compared with singletons of the population. Conclusions Despite their adverse intrauterine experience, twins do not seem to fare worse than singletons with respect to adult morbidity and mortality. The findings indicate that the unique experience of twinning does not lead to adverse long-term health outcomes.
Dynamic modeling of product grade transitions for olefin polymerization processes

Most olefin polymerization processes produce a wide range of resin grades to suit market demand. Determining the transition policy between these grades is an important consideration that can affect process economics and safety. In this article, we compare several grade transition strategies and the relative performance of solution, slurry, bulk and gas-phase processes for the production of polypropylene, linear low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene and ethylene-propylene rubber. It is shown that the most important parameters that determine the grade transition performance of a process are reactor design, residence time, runtime per grade and residence time distribution of the polymer, gas and/or solution phases. Slow hydrogen dynamics severely retard grade changes involving increases in product molecular weight. The simulation results are obtained by using the dynamic simulation package “POLYRED” developed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Physical contests for females in the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica

We conducted field observations of physical competition for mates, in which a single male attempts to usurp a female from another male, in male Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae). Physical contests for mates were relatively rare, but when they occurred the challenger male was able to successfully takeover females by dislodging the previously paired resident male in only 18% of contests, suggesting that a substantial prior residency advantage exists in this species. Challenger males that were successful in takeover attempts were significantly larger than the resident male. In contrast, no size pattern was found between intruding males and residents in unsuccessful takeover attempts. The frequency of contests for existing pairs was examined throughout the day. Pair frequency was greatest in early morning and in the evening but contest frequency was highest during the middle of the day. Contest frequency was negatively related to beetle density but not related to temperature. Overall, physical contests for mates appear to be an important part of the mating behavior in Japanese beetles. The frequency of the contests relates to the time of day and social conditions and contest outcome is related to prior residency and the size of the intruding male relative to the paired male.
Force-frequency effects of Y-cut langanite and Y-cut langatate

Most recently, langasite and its isomorphs (LGX) have been advanced as potential substitutes for quartz, owing to their extremely high quality (Q) factors. At least 3 times higher Q value of LGX than that of quartz has been reported. High Q translates into potentially greater stability. In order to make such materials practical, the environmental sensitivities must be addressed. One such sensitivity is the force-frequency effect, which relates the sensitivity of a resonator to shock and vibration via the third-order (non-Hookean) elastic constants. In this paper, we report measured force-frequency coefficients of a Y-cut LGN resonator and a Y-cut LGT resonator as a function of the azimuthal angle, which is the angle between the crystalline x-axis of a resonator plate and the direction of in-plane diametric force applied to the periphery of the resonator. It was found that the LGN and the LGT behave like AT-cut quartz in the polarity of the frequency changes and the existence of zero-coefficient angle. The maximum magnitudes of the coefficients of the LGN and the LGT are 5 and 7 times smaller than that of SC-cut quartz, respectively (or, 7 and 10 times smaller compared to AT-cut quartz). The coefficients of planar-stress, which represent the superposition of a continuous distribution of periphery stresses, were also obtained as 0.52/spl times/10/sup -15/ m/spl middot/s/N and 0.38/spl times/10/sup -15/ m/spl middot/s/N for the LGN and the LGT, respectively.
The Significance of the Rhetorimachia of Anselm de Besate to the History of Rhetoric

oUowing Rabanus Maurus' De institutione dericorum in 819 and prior to the appearance of the first authentically medieval rhetorical treatises in the second half of the eleventh century, only two works are known to have survived which deal specifically with the subject of rhetoric' The first of these, Noua rhetorica (before 1022), attributed to Notker Labeo, is a brief rhetorical compendium which has been translated and explicated
A Pasteurella or Pasteurella-Like Organism as the Cause of an Infectious Sinusitis of Turkeys

Abstract Infectious sinusitis has been described by Hinshaw (1943) so well that a further description of the disease would not seem to be warranted. Neither is it desired to give the impression that all cases of infectious sinusitis arise as the result of the organism herein described. Hinshaw cites the results of his own work and that of others concerning the transmissibility of the disease and the failure to determine anything definite regarding the nature of the causative agent, but calls attention to a pleomorphic Gram-negative organism consistently isolated from sinusitis exudate. Recently studies to determine something of the nature of the causative agent of infectious sinusitis of turkeys were undertaken at this station. EXPERIMENTAL The exudate from field cases of sinusitis in turkeys was shown to be capable of producing a characteristic infection in chickens when such exudate was swabbed into their nasal cavities. The infection in chickens was characterized . . .
The Relationship Among Population Size, Requests for Bareback Sex, and HIV Serostatus in Men Who Have Sex With Men Using the Internet to Meet Sexual Partners

Recent research has indicated the use of the Internet to meet sexual partners among men who have sex with men (MSM) is increasing. This medium also serves as a major source for social and sexual networking among MSM who live in more rural areas. In addition, data suggest the use of the Internet to initiate sexual relationships among this population may increase the risk of transmission of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. The purpose of this study was to examine differences between self-reported HIV serostatus and requests for condomless bareback (BB) sex among a sample of Florida MSM (n = 483) using a popular Internet sexual networking site to meet sexual partners. Specifically, these variables were assessed in relation to population size among the site's seven geographic regions within the state. Findings indicated an overall statistically significant relationship among requests for BB sex and self-reported HIV serostatus. However, there was not a significant relationship among these varia...
Submicrometer-Scale Patterning of Ceramic Thin Films

The patterning of ceramic thin films is of great interest for use in MEMS and other applications. However, the complex chemistries of certain materials make the use of traditional photolithography techniques prohibitive. In this paper, a number of low-cost, high throughput techniques for the patterning of ceramic thin films derived from chemical solution precursors, such as sol-gels and ceramic slurries, are presented. A particular emphasis is placed on methods that are derived from soft lithographic methods using elastomer molds. Two categories of techniques are discussed: first, the focus is on methods that rely on the principles of confinement within the physical features of the mold to define the pattern on the substrate surface. Then, subtractive patterning techniques that rely on transferring a pattern to a spin-cast, large-area continuous thin film are described. While most techniques have been demonstrated with fidelities on the order of 100 nm, their inability to precisely register and align the patterns as part of a hierarchical fabrication scheme have thus far hindered their commercial implementation.
Heart Failure Prognostic Models Why Bother

Despite the remarkable therapeutic advances in the treatment of chronic heart failure, it remains a condition marked by progressive deterioration and premature mortality. Our treatments slow the rate of descent, and some reset the survival curve upward, but decline is inevitable. There is, however, great heterogeneity in the journeys traveled by individual heart failure patients. Heart failure is the final common pathway for a multitude of cardiac insults; individuals first enter the heart failure stream at different severity levels with widely varied clinical characteristics. For some patients, the onset of heart failure is readily defined, whereas for others, the onset is much more insidious and its recognition delayed. The course of illness may be influenced by psychological well-being, environmental factors, and genetic factors with variable expression and penetrance, which may be causative and impact the natural history of illness or the response to pharmacotherapy.1–5 Despite our enhanced understanding of factors that influence plaque rupture, we are far from being able to accurately determine if or when a patient will experience one, whether a myocardial infarction will result, and how large it will be if it does. Article see p 63 Therefore, prognostication in heart failure is probabilistic, not deterministic, and the upper limit on the accuracy of any model that attempts to predict mortality or morbidity and mortality in all but the most agonal heart failure population will be constrained by the magnitude of this uncertainty. The C-index, a measure of model discrimination that varies from 0.5 (no better than a coin flip) to 1.0 (perfect discrimination), is rarely above 0.8 for published heart failure survival models. It is reasonable to posit that future models are unlikely to perform substantially better. As such, what is the value of these models? The value of modeling is that of …
Multiple Perspectives on the Influence of Gender in Online Interactions

As an information and communication technology, the Internet has contributed to structural changes in social life. This technology has opened up new social spaces for people to communicate across time and space, explore interests and interactions, and form and maintain relationships. Gender is a social structure that matters, but how it matters online is a topic that has intrigued researchers for the last 20 years. Research in the area of online gender interactions is multidisciplinary and addresses a variety of online forums including discussion groups, chat, instant messaging, blogs, virtual worlds and social network sites. Patterns are identified in the literature and examples of gender fluidity, gender reproduction, and a blending of gender fluidity and reproduction are presented. This paper provides a framework for understanding the multidisciplinary research on this topic and discusses how changes in online demographics and recent developments in information and communication technologies, such as social network sites, present new forums in which to explore the role of gender in online interactions.
Mental health risk factors for suicides in the US Army, 2007–8

Objective Suicides among active duty US Army personnel have been increasing since 2004, surpassing comparable civilian rates in 2008. This analysis uses US military data to assess suicide rates for the 2-year period 2007e8, and examines relative risks (RR) of suicide associated with mental health disorders. Methods Historical trends of US Army suicides were assessed using 1977e2008 data from Army G-1 (Personnel). Suicide rates, RR and the 2000e8 trends of mental health disorders were calculated using data from the Defense Casualty Information Processing System and Defense Medical Surveillance System. Results A total of 255 soldiers committed suicide in 2007e8 (2008 rate 20.2 per 100000). Factors associated with higher suicide risk included male gender, lower enlisted rank and mental health disorders treated on an outpatient basis (RR 3.9), as well as a number of mental health disorders (mood disorders, anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, personality/psychotic disorders, substance-related disorders and adjustment disorder; RR range 4.7e24.5). Analysis of historical trends suggested that 25e50% of the suicides that occurred in 2008 might have been related to the major commitment of troops to combat beginning in 2003. Conclusions The recent increase in suicides parallels an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders across the army. This finding suggests that increasing rates of clinically treated psychopathology are associated with increasing rates of suicides; these rates probably serve as sentinels for suicide risk in this population. Soldiers seeking treatment for mental disorders and substance abuse should be a focus for suicide prevention.
Further exploration of the classroom video analysis (CVA) instrument as a measure of usable knowledge for teaching mathematics: taking a knowledge system perspective

In this article we report further explorations of the classroom video analysis instrument (CVA), a measure of usable teacher knowledge based on scoring teachers’ written analyses of classroom video clips. Like other researchers, our work thus far has attempted to identify and measure separable components of teacher knowledge. In this study we take a different approach, viewing teacher knowledge as a system in which different knowledge components are flexibly brought to bear on specific teaching situations. We explore this idea through a series of exploratory factor analyses of teachers clip level scores across three different CVA scales (fractions, ratio and proportions, and variables, expressions, and equations), finding that a single dominant dimension explained from 55 to 63 % of variance in the scores. We interpret these results as consistent with a view that usable teacher knowledge requires both individual knowledge components, and an overarching ability to access and apply those components that are most relevant to a particular teaching episode.
Race, Family Structure and Rural Poverty: An Assessment of Population and Structural Change

The purpose of this article is to determine the extent to which poverty among rural Black families [in the United States] has changed over the 1980-1990 decade. Specifically the following questions are addressed: (1) What are the relative effects of place and family structure on levels of poverty for rural Black families? And (2) What are the theoretical implications of rural-urban differentials in Black family poverty? The logit analysis of U.S. Census data for 1980 and 1990 revealed that family structure increased in its importance in determining poverty differentials between rural and urban Black families. Moreover despite controls for demographic and social factors Black families continue to experience levels of poverty that exceed that of White families in both rural and urban environments. (EXCERPT) (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)
Laboratory projects for embedded and control systems security

The ever-increasing trend of our nation's critical infrastructures (CIs) being connected to the Internet ushered the need for a more sophisticated cyber defense mechanism and better educated future workforce. Recognizing this need, we designed and developed an undergraduate embedded and control systems security curriculum that emphasizes a balance between theory and application. To that end, we present hands-on laboratory projects that are envisioned to stimulate learning and motivate critical thinking among students in this area of national need.
Inviscid surface streamlines and heat transfer on shuttle-type configurations.

A method is developed which calculates laminar, transitional, and turbulent heating rates on arbitrary blunt-nosed three-dimensional bodies at angle of attack in hypersonic flow. The geometry of the body may be specified analytically, or generated from a doubly cubic spline fit to coordinate points. Inviscid surface streamlines are calculated from Euler's equation using a prescribed pressure distribution. Laminar and turbulent heating rates are determined along a streamline by applying the axisymmetric analog to solutions of the axisymmetric boundary-layer equations. The location of the transition region may be specified optionally by geometric location, momentum thickness Reynolds number, or integrated unit Reynolds number along a streamline. Transitional heating rates are then calculated as a weighted average of the local laminar and turbulent values. Either ideal gas or equilibrium air properties may be used.
Use of Prophylactic Pancreatic Stents for the Prevention of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis.

Dr Freeman has consulted for Boston Scientific, Xlumena Corporation, and Cook Endoscopy, and he has been an unpaid consultant for Hobbs Medical regarding the Freeman pancreatic stent.
Study on diagnosis of plasma parameters in ECWR system

Electron cyclotron wave resonance(ECWR) technique is based on the interaction of electromagnetic wave and the electrical anisotropy materials like low pressure plasma with a small superimposed static magnetic field.ECWR can produce a high density plasma at low pressure.It is widely used in microelectronic etching and thin film deposition process.In these processes,the plasma parameters have significant effect on etching rate and the quality of coating.Therefore,the measurement of plasma parameters is very useful to promote the development and application of electron cyclotron wave resonance technology.In this paper,we design a Langmuir probe device and use OES spectrometer to detect the plasma discharge parameters of ECWR system.According to the preliminary test results,electron cyclotron wave resonance effect occurred when the DC current reach 4.1A.
192 GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE CANNABINOID MODULATION OF AN A-TYPE K+ CURRENT IN NEURONS OF THE MAMMALIAN HYPOTHALAMUS

Cannabinoid signaling exerts profound influence over the hypothalamic control of homeostasis including but not limited to feeding. The hypothalamic feeding circuitry consists of several components. The stimulatory component of appetite includes the neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin (hypocretin), ghrelin and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons. Inhibitory inputs are predominately from the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons originating in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). POMC neurons synthesize and release anorexigenic peptides such as cocaine amphetamine related transcript (CART), α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and β-endorphin. This study sought to determine whether cannabinoids modulate A-type K+ current (IA) in POMC neurons. To this end, whole-cell patch clamp recordings were performed in hypothalamic slices through the ARC prepared from castrated female and male guinea pigs. A robust IA that was blocked by high concentrations of K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (3mM & 10mM) was found in 46% of male and 39% in female cells. We observed that the neuronal responsiveness to cannabinoids was sexually differentiated. In recordings of female neurons, bath application of the brain cannabinoid (CB1) receptor agonists WIN 55,212-2 (1μM) or arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylaminde (ACEA, 1μM) selectively induced a depolarizing rightward shift in the inactivation curve for the IA, significantly increasing the half-maximal voltage (V1/2) for inactivation. This effect was completely blocked by the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (1μM) and occurred without affecting the peak current magnitude (Imax). Post-hoc immunofluorescent labeling confirmed that these effects occurred in POMC cells. We observed no effect on the V1/2 or the Imax for the activation curve. In contrast, recordings from male neurons indicated no discernable effect of cannabinoids on the V1/2 or the Imax for either the inactivation or the activation of the IA. Collectively, these data reveal that POMC neurons express a prominent IA, and that cannabinoids positively modulate this current in a sex-specific way by altering the voltage dependence of its inactivation. The resultant inhibitory effect on this neuronal population may shed some insight into the mechanism(s) by which cannabinoids influence appetite.
In Vitro Lactic Acid Inhibition and Alterations in Volatile Fatty Acid Production by Antimicrobial Feed Additives

Batch culture fermentations were used to determine the effects of avoparcin, lasalocid, monensin, narasin, salinomycin, thiopeptin, tylosin, virginiamycin, monensin + tylosin combination, and two new ionophore compounds (RO22-6924/004 and RO21-6447/009) on lactic acid and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. Ruminal fluid from cattle fed a high alfalfa hay diet was incubated with glucose for 12 h in a buffered medium to determine the effect of antimicrobial compounds on lactic acid concentration. Fermentations treated with antimicrobial compounds had higher final pH and lower L(+) lactic acid concentration. Narasin and salinomycin were more inhibitory than other ionophore compounds. Monensin and tylosin in combination was more effective than monensin alone. Among the nonionophore compounds, avoparcin was the least effective and thiopeptin, tylosin and virginiamycin were extremely effective in reducing lactic acid concentration. Ruminal fluid from cattle fed a diet of alfalfa hay and grain (50:50) was incubated with a mixture of sugars, casein and urea for 12 h in a buffered medium to determine the effect of antimicrobial compounds on VFA production. Generally, total VFA concentration was not affected by antimicrobial compounds except RO22-6924/004, tylosin and virginiamycin, which caused a reduction at high concentrations. Tylosin, monensin and tylosin mixture, thiopeptin and virginiamycin at high concentrations (greater than 6.0 micrograms/ml) increased the acetate proportion. All compounds increased the molar proportion of propionate. Tylosin and virginiamycin at high concentrations (greater than 6.0 micrograms/ml) decreased the proportion of propionate. Monensin and tylosin in combination had no effect on propionate proportion. Among the compounds tested, narasin and salinomycin were the most effective in enhancing propionate proportion. Ionophore compounds were more inhibitory to butyrate production than the nonionophore compounds. Batch culture fermentations may be used to quantitate the relative efficacy of antimicrobial compounds to alter ruminal fermentation characteristics.