cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Morphological Development of Asterosporium Hoffmanni

The genus Asterosporium and the species Asterosporium Hoffntanni were established by Kunze (1) in 1819 from the type species Stilbospora asterospora Hoff. Many figures and articles have appeared in various books and journals regarding the nature of this fungus but no one has given an accurate account of spore formation. Fresenius (3) gave a few sketches of the conidia and a short account of the fungus. He states: " Ich habe auf der Tafel, (V. Fig. 13) auch einige noch einfachere jugendliche Sporen abgebildet; das erste Entstehen derselben an den Faden aber ist bis jetzt von mir nicht beobachtet." Then he quotes from a Herr Reiss, without giving any reference: " auf einem stratum proliferum, das aus hellen schlaffen, einfachen dicht gedrangten Faden besteht. Diese entwickeln an ihrem oberen Ende ein Blaschen, das bald rundliche Vorspriinge treibt und durch deren Verlangerung zur Spore auswachst." Later Zopf (4, p. 36) refers to this work of Fresenius and makes the statement: " Sehr eigenthiimliche Gestaltung zeigen nach Fresenius die mehrzelligen Conidien von Asterosporium Hoffmanni. Sie sind namlich aus 4 kegeligen, in Centrum zusammenstossenden, mehrzelligen Strahlen gebildet. Ueber die Entstehungsweise dieser Conidienform fehlen noch
Estimating the probability of spontaneous abortion in the presence of induced abortion and vice versa.

Abstract An integrated approach to estimate the total number of pregnancies that begin in a population during one calendar year and the probability of spontaneous abortion is described. This includes an indirect estimate of the number of pregnancies that result in spontaneous abortions. The method simultaneously takes into account the proportion of induced abortions that are censored by spontaneous abortions and vice versa in order to estimate the true annual number of spontaneous and induced abortions for a population. It also estimates the proportion of pregnancies that women intended to allow to continue to a live birth. The proposed indirect approach derives adjustment factors to make indirect estimates by combining vital statistics information on gestational age at induced abortion (from the 12 States that report to the National Center for Health Statistics) with a life table of spontaneous abortion probabilities. The adjustment factors are applied to data on induced abortions from the Alan Guttmacher Institute Abortion Provider Survey and data on births from U.S. vital statistics. For the United States in 1980 the probability of a spontaneous abortion is 19 percent, given the presence of induced abortion. Once the effects of spontaneous abortion are discounted, women in 1980 intended to allow 73 percent of their pregnancies to proceed to a live birth. One medical benefit to a population practicing induced abortion is that induced abortions avert some spontaneous abortions, leading to a lower mean gestational duration at the time of spontaneous abortion.
Reward Training: Extinction

A response established in reward training weakens following a downshift in the value of Sv (Chapter 7). It is not surprising, therefore, that complete elimination of Sv from the training situation also results in weakened responding. The procedure of eliminating Sv after the response has been established through training and the behavioral result of that procedure are both commonly termed extinction. For example, it might be said that “extinction began after four sessions of continuous reinforcement” (the procedure) or that “the response extinguished (i.e., weakened) very rapidly” (the result). In the latter case, it would also be common for the response to be described as having little “resistance to extinction.”
Regression, Dissociation, Self-States, and the Developmental Dimension in Therapeutic Action

The concept of regression is at the core of psychoanalytic accounts of what goes on in analysis. It is, however, so “in our bones” that we are tempted to overlook it. In its justifiable enthusiasm of theories of self-states and dissociation, Relational psychoanalysis may be underemphasizing how much regression—both to earlier developmental stages and less organized modes of experiencing—is central in our approach to therapeutic activity and mutative action. In responding to Rina Lazar’s analysis with Sheli, I call for enhanced attention to the most powerful Freudian ideas from the new intersubjective perspectives.
Surface structure of manganese gallium quantum height islands on wurtzite {\mathbf {GaN}}{\mathbf{(000}}{\bar{\mathbf{1}}}) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy

Submonolayer deposition of manganese on gallium-rich, nitrogen polar $$\hbox {GaN}(000\bar{1})$$ surface using radio-frequency nitrogen plasma molecular beam epitaxy leads to the spontaneous formation of manganese gallium into two distinct quantum height islands, 5-layer and 6-layer islands. Atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy reveals the atomically flat but unstable 5-layer island surface and the 6-layer island surface with relatively stable row structures. We propose possible surface models for these islands’ surfaces and discuss the clear structural differences explained with strains and partial relaxations. It is found that the 5-layer islands form under lateral strains and a relaxation process leading to non-uniform alternating strains results in the more energetically favorable row structures on the 6-layer island.
Encapsulation, Sealing, and Immersion

Although the techniques of encapsulation, sealing, and immersion in oil or sand are not likely to be applied to a complete instrument, the techniques are of interest to the instrument designer and user because they can be applied profitably to components or subassemblies to reduce the hazard classification of the instrument.
Workload in Nursing

Nursing is a high workload profession, and excessive workload has been shown to have an adverse effect on patient care. Prior research has focused on patient-staff ratios and skill mix to analyze the relationship of workload and degradation of care. This study used a comprehensive, multi-dimensional approach for analyzing nurses’ workload in a large general hospital. Workload drivers were introduced as unique factors that contributed to the totality of nursing workload. Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) framework was used to map out the work domain of nurses and identify sources of workload within it. The output was a collection of diagrams, tables, and interviews that illustrated areas in nursing that produced the most workload. A detailed integration of the material supported an estimation of workload experienced by nurses.
On the mechanism of bandgap formation in locally resonant finite elastic metamaterials

Elastic/acoustic metamaterials made from locally resonant arrays can exhibit bandgaps at wavelengths much longer than the lattice size for various applications spanning from low-frequency vibration/sound attenuation to wave guiding and filtering in mechanical and electromechanical devices. For an effective use of such locally resonant metamaterial concepts in finite structures, it is required to bridge the gap between the lattice dispersion characteristics and modal behavior of the host structure with its resonators. To this end, we develop a novel argument for bandgap formation in finite-length elastic metamaterial beams, relying on the modal analysis and the assumption of infinitely many resonators. We show that the dual problem to wave propagation through an infinite periodic beam is the modal analysis of a finite beam with an infinite number of resonators. A simple formula that depends only on the resonator natural frequency and total mass ratio is derived for placing the bandgap in a desired frequency range, yielding an analytical insight and a rule of thumb for design purposes. A method for understanding the importance of a resonator location and mass is discussed in the context of a Riemann sum approximation of an integral, and a method for determining the optimal number of resonators for a given set of boundary conditions and target frequency is introduced. The simulations of the theoretical framework are validated by experiments for bending vibrations of a locally resonant cantilever beam.
Age-related variation in the cellular composition of equine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

Background Previous reports reveal variation in the cellular composition of equine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the profiles of BALF from horses to assess age-related differences. Serial BALF samples were collected from the same individuals over a one-year period to identify changes in individual animals as they aged. Methods Collection of BALF was performed on horses aged one week and one, 2, 6, and 12 months. Total nucleated cell count (TNCC), protein concentration, and cytology were assessed. Longitudinal analysis was performed and compared to healthy adults. Results Foals at one week and 6 months of age had significantly higher TNCC than adults (medians: 320/μL, 285/μL, and 90/μL, respectively); no differences in total protein were found. Foals at one month had the highest proportion of macrophages (median: 87.3%), differing significantly from both yearlings and adults (medians: 45.5% and 48.7%, respectively). Foals aged one week and one month had significantly lower proportions of lymphocytes than yearlings and adults (medians: 3.2% and 4.7% vs 43.2% and 45.8%, respectively). Eosinophil percentage was lowest in foals aged one week, one month, and 2 months (median: 0.0%) and highest in foals aged 6 months (median: 2.2%). Mast cell percentages were highest in yearlings and adults (medians: 2.2% and 3.3%, respectively) and neutrophil percentage was highest in foals aged one week (13.7%). Conclusions Cytologic profiles of BALF from foals and adult horses differed considerably. Significant changes in TNCC and percentages of lymphocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils occurred with age.
Flight software verification methods in Frontier Radio for solar probe plus mission

Success of deep space missions requires comprehensive performance verification for all hardware and software systems on the spacecraft over a broad scope of conditions and configurations, including the telecommunications subsystem. NASA Solar Probe Plus mission uses a software-defined radio for its telecommunications; thus a dedicated suite of tests are required for verification of the radio software in addition to traditional hardware verification procedures. Frontier Radio, developed by Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory with near-Earth mission flight heritage, uses its software as a means to enhance its digital signal processing capabilities with no loss of robustness; thus, the testing required to validate its features is commensurately more complex. For this reason, a suite of tests were developed to interface with the radio software via a proprietary PC-based software platform to exercise the full scope of radio software functionality through a methodical and repeatable process. Automated logging functions embedded in the tests ensured that tests were documented with minimal operator intervention for greater accuracy and consistency than manual procedures used for hardware-only radios. Similarly, software-based interfaces to ground station equipment were developed to minimize the probability of operator error when testing the radio under varying signal conditions simulated by external instruments. The testing process identified several issues with radio software whose discovery would have been unlikely without the strenuous operating conditions created by the test procedure; the issues were subsequently mitigated resulting in a later software upgrade. Repeatability, and consequently the reduction of testing costs, was demonstrated through the execution of regression testing when the upgraded radio software was released. Results of the tests were examined and verified both internally and by external resources, namely NASA Independent Verification & Validation (IVV the results were nominal as determined by the process of internal documentation and review.
A hybrid phantom Monte Carlo-based method for historical reconstruction of organ doses in patients treated with cobalt-60 for Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Historical radiotherapy treatment plans lack 3D images sets required for estimating mean organ doses to patients. Alternatively, Monte Carlo-based models of radiotherapy devices coupled with whole-body computational phantoms can permit estimates of historical in-field and out-of-field organ doses as needed for studies associating radiation exposure and late tissue toxicities. In recreating historical patient treatments with 60Co based systems, the major components to be modeled include the source capsule, surrounding shielding layers, collimators (both fixed and adjustable), and trimmers as needed to vary field size. In this study, a computational model and experimental validation of the Theratron T-1000 are presented. Model validation is based upon in-field commissioning data collected at the University of Florida, published out-of-field data from the British Journal of Radiology (BJR) Supplement 25, and out-of-field measurements performed at the University of Wisconsin's Accredited Dosimetry Calibration Laboratory (UWADCL). The computational model of the Theratron T-1000 agrees with central axis percentage depth dose data to within 2% for 6 × 6 to 30 × 30 cm2 fields. Out-of-field doses were found to vary between 0.6% to 2.4% of central axis dose at 10 cm from field edge and 0.42% to 0.97% of central axis dose at 20 cm from the field edge, all at 5 cm depth. Absolute and relative differences between computed and measured out-of-field doses varied between ±2.5% and ±100%, respectively, at distances up to 60 cm from the central axis. The source-term model was subsequently combined with patient-morphometry matched computational hybrid phantoms as a method for estimating in-field and out-of-field organ doses for patients treated for Hodgkin's Lymphoma. By changing field size and position, and adding patient-specific field shaping blocks, more complex historical treatment set-ups can be to recreated, particularly those for which 2D or 3D image sets are unavailable.
The Role of Gesture in Supporting Mental Representations: The Case of Mental Abacus Arithmetic

People frequently gesture when problem-solving, particularly on tasks that require spatial transformation. Gesture often facilitates task performance by interacting with internal mental representations, but how this process works is not well understood. We investigated this question by exploring the case of mental abacus (MA), a technique in which users not only imagine moving beads on an abacus to compute sums, but also produce movements in gestures that accompany the calculations. Because the content of MA is transparent and readily manipulated, the task offers a unique window onto how gestures interface with mental representations. We find that the size and number of MA gestures reflect the length and difficulty of math problems. Also, by selectively interfering with aspects of gesture, we find that participants perform significantly worse on MA under motor interference, but that perceptual feedback is not critical for success on the task. We conclude that premotor processes involved in the planning of gestures are critical to mental representation in MA.
Midostaurin/PKC412 for the treatment of newly diagnosed FLT3 mutation-positive acute myeloid leukemia.

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy with inadequate treatment options. Approximately one-third of cases have a FLT3-ITD or FLT3-TKD mutation which lea...
Review: A Genealogy of Tropical Architecture: Colonial Networks, Nature and Technoscience, by Jiat-Hwee Chang

Jiat-Hwee Chang A Genealogy of Tropical Architecture: Colonial Networks, Nature and Technoscience London: Routledge, 2016, 290 pp., 97 b/w illus. $180 (cloth), ISBN 9780415840774; $53.95 (paper), ISBN 9780415840781 Tropical architecture developed in the nineteenth century as a global discourse across the networks of the British, French, and Dutch empires. Each node that became a site of tropical architecture had a distinct trajectory and areas of emphasis, yet climatic design unifies the diverse histories of these sites. The multiple discourses that have defined tropical architecture as a field developed diachronically through numerous disciplinary terrains, including medicine, sanitation, meteorology, civil engineering, architecture, and environmental design. In A Genealogy of Tropical Architecture , Jiat-Hwee Chang builds upon scholarship inaugurated by Mark Crinson, Hannah le Roux, and Ola Uduku, who first revealed tropical architecture to be a neocolonial discourse that developed after World War II and operated within asymmetrical power relationships.1 Chang examines tropical architecture from the vantage point of Singapore, producing a highly granulated history that shows how unequal power relationships were spatialized through regimes of technoscientific knowledge. This scholarly endeavor demonstrates how the seemingly apolitical and ahistorical publications on tropical architecture that have persisted well into the twenty-first century have a genealogy that extends beyond the immediate postwar period and is deeply embedded in early colonial ideology. Shade, natural lighting, and ventilation––ostensibly ideologically neutral environmental elements that form the bedrock of tropical architecture––were the products of broader colonial discourses that collectively constituted the tropical sciences. Chang investigates an extended period, from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the third quarter of the twentieth century, in order to historicize tropical architecture in colonial discourse, charting its disciplinary migration from hygiene to architecture. In the process, tropical architecture was subject to the ideological machinations associated with the vicissitudes of the British Empire. Initially developed as an instrument of direct imperial power, tropical architecture became a means of exercising soft power after World War II, as decolonization led to the empire's …
Military Applications of Augmented Reality

This chapter reviews military benefits and requirements that have led to a series of research efforts in augmented reality (AR) and related systems for the military over the past few decades, beginning with the earliest specific application of AR. While by no means a complete list, we note some themes from the various projects and discuss ongoing research at the Naval Research Laboratory. Two of the most important thrusts within these applications are the user interface and human factors. We summarize our research and place it in the context of the field.
A truncated Gaussian mixture model for distributions of wind power ramping features

Wind power ramps (WPRs) are significantly impacting the power balance of the system operations. Better understanding the statistical characteristics of ramping features would help power system operators better manage these extreme events. Toward this end, this paper develops an analytical truncated Gaussian mixture model (TGMM) to fit the probability distributions of different ramping features. The non-linear least square method with the Trust-Region algorithm is adopted to optimize the tunable parameters of mixture components; the optimal number of mixture components is adaptively solved by minimizing the Euclidean distance to the actual probability distribution. A sign function is utilized to truncate the original GMM distribution and obtain the final TGMM. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) of TGMM is analytically derived. Numerical simulations on publically available wind power data show that the parametric TGMM can accurately characterize the irregular and multimodal distributions of each ramping feature.
THU0521 A simple index based on scores on a multidimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ) provides information quite similar to acr criteria for fibromyalgia in routine care

Background Fibromyalgia (FM) is common in the general population, easily identified in many patients, but subtle in some, particularly when patients meet criteria for rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), osteoarthritis (OA), and others. American College of Rheumatology (ACR) FM criteria were reported in 1990 (Arth Rheum 33:160, 1990) and 2010 (Arth Care Res 62:600, 2010) as “preliminary diagnostic criteria,” modified for patient self-report in 2011 (Ann Med 43:495, 2011), and in 2016 as the “2016 revisions to the 2010/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria” (Sem Arth Rheum 46:319, 2016). These FM criteria are not used in most routine care settings. A multidimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ) is more-widely used in the USA (Arth Care Res 64:640, 2012), and is informative in RA, OA, SLE, and most rheumatic diseases (J Clin Rheumatol 19:169, 2013). MDHAQ may provide clues to primary and secondary FM in routine care, EULAR 2016, 2017 Objectives To compared 2 indices of MDHAQ scales to the 2011 and 2016 FM criteria to identify patients with possible primary or secondary FM in routine care. Methods All patients with all diagnoses seen at an academic rheumatology clinic complete an MDHAQ at each visit. The modified FM criteria questionnaire was added from April-July 2017. Two MDHAQ scales were studied: MDHAQ-FM3 includes a 0–10 pain visual analogue scale (VAS), 0–48 self-report rheumatoid arthritis disease activity index (RADAI) painful joint count, and 0–60 symptom checklist; one point each is scored for pain ≥6/10, RADAI ≥16/48, symptom checklist ≥16/60 – total=0–3. MDHAQ-FM4 adds a MDHAQ fatigue VAS; 6/10 is scored 1 (Total 0–4). Both MDHAQ indices were compared to both modified 2011 and 2016 FM criteria using kappa statistics and the proportion correctly classified (“Correct”). Results We studied 502 patients; primary diagnoses (ICD10 in the medical record) included FM in 49, OA in 74, RA in 78, SLE in 88, others in 213. Overall, 131 patients (26.1%) met 2011 modified FM criteria and 112 (22.3%) 2010 modified FM criteria. Agreement between physician diagnosis of FM and 2016 modified criteria was 80.9% (kappa 0.44, p Conclusions Two indices derived from MDHAQ variables for pain, painful joints, somatic symptoms, and fatigue, provide a useful clue to FM in routine rheumatology care. Disclosure of Interest J. Schmukler: None declared, I. Castrejon: None declared, T. Pincus Shareholder of: Dr. Pincus holds a copyright and trademark for MDHAQ and RAPID3 for which he receives royalties and license fees. All revenue is used to support further development of quantitative questionnaire measures for patients and doctors in clinical rheumatology care.
Adaptive feedback linearization of nonlinear systems

After an examination of the restrictive assumptions that limit the applicability of existing adaptive nonlinear control schemes, new adaptive regulation and tracking schemes are developed for a class of feedback linearizable nonlinear systems. The coordinate-free geometric conditions, which characterize this class of systems, neither restrict the location of the unknown parameters, nor constrain the growth of the nonlinearities. Instead, they require that the nonlinear system be transformable into the so-called pure-feedback form. When this form is “strict”, the proposed scheme guarantees global regulation and tracking properties, and substantially enlarges the class of nonlinear systems with unknown parameters for which global stabilization can be achieved. The new design procedure is systematic and its stability proofs use simple analytical tools, familiar to most control engineers.
Black Women's Psychosocial Experiences with Seeking Surgical Treatment for Uterine Fibroids: Implications for Clinical Practice.

Abstract Introduction Black women are more likely to undergo surgery for uterine fibroids compared with non-Black women. However, few studies have characterized the psychosocial experiences of Black women seeking fibroid treatment. We aimed to identify factors that shape Black women's fibroid management decisions; explore how discrimination based on race, class, and gender feature in treatment-seeking experiences, and compare experiences across age and socioeconomic status. Methods We conducted semistructured interviews with 37 Black women undergoing surgery for fibroid management. We used a thematic analysis to code transcripts and identify themes. Results Participants were predominately single, college educated, and insured. Respondents reported that patient–doctor interactions, support from social networks, fertility consequences, and fear of fibroid malignancy influenced their fibroid management decisions. Knowledge and perceptions of fibroids were also influenced by community norms and differed by socioeconomic status; women of higher socioeconomic status had greater fibroid awareness than women of lower socioeconomic status. Discrimination was discussed in the context of historical inequity against Black women, with one participant questioning whether Black women were valued less in clinical settings compared with non-Black women. Although several women discussed positive experiences seeking fibroids care, others expressed medical mistrust or said that alternative management options were not offered by clinicians. Conclusions Fibroid management decisions were influenced not only by interactions with clinicians and social networks, and concerns about fertility and fibroid malignancy, but also by broader social and historical conditions. These findings suggest that clinicians should deliver intersectional gynecologic care that centers the voices of Black women seeking fibroid treatment.
The Boro Kimono

The Boro Kimono is designed to showcase the concept of zero waste fashion, encompassing the elements of historical Japanese Boro mending and is elevated with unique transformable elements. The cohesiveness of this design is conveyed through the use of 100% recycled denim and cotton materials throughout the entirety of this garment. The patchwork denim outer jacket and patchwork cotton lining bring together the traditional Japanese influences and techniques, while the addition of elements such as silver safety pins and grommets add a level of modernity and innovation to the design. Sustainable fashion and Boro mending centralize around the concept of repurposing old materials while bringing a new garment to life containing history and intricate craftsmanship, and this denim kimono showcases all of these elements.
Entrepreneurship and the Market Process: An Enquiry into the Growth of Knowledge

Enterpreneurship is central to the market process, and yet most theories of it fail to tackle the problem of how economic agents learn from their experience. This book redresses this by systematically applying the ideas of Karl Popper. It treats the entrepeneur as a theorist who develops conjectures which are then tested by exposure to the market, in an effort to eliminate errors. This is a critical aspect of the development of new ventures, as most entrepeneurial ideas turn out to be mistakes, at least in their original form.
Corpus callosum area and brain volume in autism spectrum disorder: quantitative analysis of structural MRI from the ABIDE database.

Reduced corpus callosum area and increased brain volume are two commonly reported findings in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We investigated these two correlates in ASD and healthy controls using T1-weighted MRI scans from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE). Automated methods were used to segment the corpus callosum and intracranial region. No difference in the corpus callosum area was found between ASD participants and healthy controls (ASD 598.53 ± 109 mm2; control 596.82 ± 102 mm2; p = 0.76). The ASD participants had increased intracranial volume (ASD 1,508,596 ± 170,505 mm3; control 1,482,732 ± 150,873.5 mm3; p = 0.042). No evidence was found for overall ASD differences in the corpus callosum subregions.
Structure of the Gene for Human Factor Ix

Abstract Several genomic DNA clones which collectively cover the factor IX gene (about 33.5 kb) have been isolated and completely sequenced. The gene for factor IX contains seven introns in the coding and 3′-noncoding regions. These introns are located in essentially the same positions in the amino acid sequence as those in the gene for protein C, while the first three introns in the gene for factor IX are located in the same positions as those in the gene for human prothrombin. The sizes and sequences, however, are different for the introns in the two genes. The factor IX gene contains Alu sequences in introns A and F as well as two potential left-handed helix structures (Z-DNA). The precise locations for several polymorphisms, including the Taq I site, have been identified.
Ozone-induced alterations in collagen metabolism of monkey lungs: use of biopsy-obtained lung tissue.

Abstract Open-chest biopsies of lung were performed on three cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ) 4–6 weeks before and immediately after exposure to 1.5 ppm of ozone for 1 week. Two control monkeys were subjected to comparable procedures, but were exposed to filtered air for 1 week immediately prior to the second biopsy. Collagen synthesis rate of each lung biopsy specimen was determined. Enhanced rates of collagen synthesis were observed in the lung biopsy specimens obtained from the monkeys exposed to ozone; elevated rates of collagen synthesis were not observed in lung biopsy specimens from the two monkeys undergoing identical surgical procedures but not exposed to ozone. We conclude that exposures of monkeys to high levels of ozone caused increased rates of collagen synthesis in their lungs, suggesting that the ozone-induced fibrotic changes observed previously in rat lungs also occur in lungs anatomically similar to those of humans. This experimental design, in which each animal serves as its own control, is a practical way to perform such exposure experiments using small numbers of valuable animals.
Maneuvering target motion analysis using BSpline representation

Target motion analysis (TMA) for a rectilinear source movement (RSM) has been intensively studied in the last ten years. But difficulties still exist, especially when source heading or speed changes are within the same time as the conventional TMA convergence time. This paper is concerned with a new method of batch TMA for maneuvering sources using a non-linear least-squares fit between the whole set of measurements and a BSpline trajectory representation. It provides a good way to globally estimate both the instants of maneuvers and their number with an experimentally robust model order selection method. This work includes tests on actual data from at-sea recordings.
The Cambridge Introduction to Eighteenth-Century Poetry

Introduction Part I. Voice: 1. Voice in eighteenth-century poetry 2. The Heroic couplet continuum 3. Vocal engagement: reading Pope's An Essay on Criticism 4. Talking in tetrameter 5. Blank verse and stanzaic poetry Part II. Poetic Consciousness: 6. Satiric poetry 7. Pope as metapoet 8. Metapoetry beyond Pope Part III. Vision: 9. Reading visions 10. Personification 11. Prophecy and prospects of society 12. Ecological prospects and natural knowledge A concluding note: then and now Suggested reading Index.
Paper no P3: Floating display with interactive virtual touch module

Principles of object to real image by the optical lens design, so that the floating image outside the system at 5 cm. The viewer in front of the optical system 50 cm can see the floating image in the air. The viewing angle at least 15°. With infrared virtual panel detection technology, viewers can use your finger to a noncontact touch, to control the floating image menu. Virtual touch module will become the new generation man–machine interface or interaction device. This virtual touch keypad is idea for public health such devices as ATM, hospital kios, etc.
Body condition and reproductive capacity of three‐spined stickleback infected with the cestode Schistocephalus solidus

The relationship between reproductive ability and the residual index of body condition in three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus from a population infected with the cestode macro-parasite Schistocephalus solidus in Walby Lake, Alaska, was examined. In general, reproductive activities resulted in significantly lower levels of body condition in three-spined stickleback during the latter part of the breeding season, and relatively high levels of S. solidus infection intensified the energetic drain. Although female body condition did not differ significantly due just to the presence of S. solidus, increased parasite index did have a significant negative effect on female body condition. Males showed significantly lower levels of body condition in response to S. solidus infection alone and in association with a greater parasite index. Males had greater mean parasite indices than females. Females had significantly lower body condition than males, which may be due to discrepancies in energy expenditure between the sexes during reproduction. Females with greater body condition were significantly more likely to produce a clutch of eggs than those with lower condition, suggesting a threshold effect of body condition on reproductive capacity.
The Effect of Tax Laws and the Cost of Capital on the Size of Newly Constructed Strip Shopping Centers

While the impact of tax policy and other economic variables on the total amount of construction has been widely studied, this article proposes that these variables also affect the size distribution of the properties constructed. The basic intuition is that there is a lower bound to the economically feasible size of a project due to economies of scale in construction. Events favorable to construction, such as lower interest rates and more favorable tax treatment, relax this lower bound permitting the construction of smaller properties. This proposition is tested using data on newly constructed neighborhood shopping centers in Clark County, Nevada from 1971 to 1999.
DNA repair domains within a human gene: selective repair of sequences near the transcription initiation site.

Abstract We describe a new form of DNA repair heterogeneity along the genome. The repair rate of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) was measured at single nucleotide resolution along the promoter and transcribed sequences of the human JUN gene in UV-irradiated diploid fibroblasts. The promoter of this gene contains an array of sequence-specific transcription factors located between nucleotides -200 and -50 relative to the major transcription start site. These sequences are repaired slowly; at many sites >50% of the CPDs are left unrepaired after 24 h. However, repair rates are 10-fold faster near the transcription initiation site. This very fast repair is seen on both DNA strands between nucleotides -40 and +100 where at most positions >90% of the dimers are repaired within 4 h. There is a general gradient of repair efficiency of the transcribed DNA strand with faster repair within the 5'-end and diminished repair towards the 3'-end of the gene. The fast repair rates seen near the transcription initiation site may be explained by increased local concentrations of DNA repair factors that are associated with general transcription factors (e.g. TFIIH) functioning in transcription initiation. This domain-specific DNA repair may aid in maintaining transcription initiation of essential genes after DNA damage.
The Escherichia coli ts8 mutation is an allele of fda, the gene encoding fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase.

Abstract The ts8 mutant of Escherichia coli has previously been shown to preferentially inhibit stable RNA synthesis when shifted to the nonpermissive temperature. We demonstrate in this report that the ts8 mutation is an allele of fda, the gene that encodes the glycolytic enzyme fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase. We show that ts8 and a second fda mutation, h8, isolated and characterized by A. Bock and F. C. Neidhardt, are dominant mutations and that they encode a thermolabile aldolase activity.
Supporting Mainstream Educational Success

Given the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and significant policy changes to special education legislation, upwards of half of students with ASD will be educated in a mainstream setting. The heterogeneity of this population requires educators and specialists to be knowledgeable on a variety of instructional supports and interventions to meet these learners' diverse needs. These strategies range from traditional behaviorally based interventions to more contemporary approaches involving technology. Utilizing these available supports provides access to the curriculum, typically developing peer models, and ultimately improved likelihood of academic success for students with autism spectrum disorder. Keywords: classroom; instructional supports; intervention; mainstream education; technology
Challenging the Current Organization of Schools

If the world is not a machine, then our assumptions cannot work. But then, where are we? (Wheatley, 1999, p. 28)
Optimizing the Riparian Buffer: Harold Brook in the Skaneateles Lake Watershed, New York

The use of riparian land buffers to protect water quality for human consumption and wildlife habitat has become an important conservation tool of both government and non-government agencies. The funds available to acquire private lands for riparian buffers are limited, however, and not all land contributes to water quality goals in the same way. Conservation agencies must therefore identify effective ways to allocate their scarce budgets in heterogeneous landscapes. We demonstrate how the acquisition of land for a riparian buffer can be viewed as a binary optimization problem and we apply the resulting model to a case study in New York.
When does ‘Folk Psychology’ Count as Folk Psychological?

It has commonly been argued that certain types of mental descriptions, specifically those characterized in terms of propositional attitudes, are part of a folk psychological understanding of the mind. Recently, however, it has also been argued that this is the case even when such descriptions are employed as part of scientific theories in domains like social psychology and comparative psychology. In this paper, I argue that there is no plausible way to understand the distinction between folk and scientific psychology that can support such claims. Moreover, these sorts of claims can have adverse consequences for the neuroscientific study of the brain by downplaying the value of many psychological theories that provide information neuroscientists need in order to build and test neurological models.
Personal computer-based task-specific instruments for use in analog controls education

This paper describes the use of personal computer-based instrumentation for the formal instruction of analog signal processing and control concepts. Using this approach, PC virtual instruments are created for individual laboratory exercises, each demonstrating a distinct concept. These concept-specific instruments limit the user controls to only those of theoretical interest while guiding the student through a designated process. In this manner, the student is able to draw logical connections between available user controls and acquired results with a minimum of confusion or distraction.
Paternal‐Infant Bonding in the First‐Time Father

A pilot descriptive study of ten first-time fathers was conducted at a large Southern hospital in an attempt to document the process of paternal-infant bonding in the first-time father. Two written questionnaires and an observational tool were used to obtain demographic data, determine paternal attitudes toward the newborn, and record paternal-infant behavior. The most distinguished finding was that fathers who fed their infants had the most bonding behaviors. Engaging in a caretaking activity, such as infant feeding, may be an important element in the process of paternal-infant bonding.
On the conductor of 2-adic Hilbert norm residue symbols

Abstract For a fixed prime p , let ζ n be a primitive p n th root of 1 in some algebraic closure of Q p . Let L n = Q p ( ζ n ), and let ( , ) n be the p n th Hilbert norm residue symbol of L n ∗ . We compute here the conductor of the character of L n ∗ , defined by (, a ) n , in the case where p = 2, and a ϵ Q 2 ∗ . We then calculate the conductor of the local component of Jacobi sum Hecke characters, ramified only at 2. This is an easy application of the first part, since in [6], we have expressed such characters in terms of Hilbert symbols. One could now use these results to compute the root numbers for the functional equation of the Hecke L -functions associated with these characters. Coleman and McCallum have obtained formulas for the conductor of the norm residue symbol of the p n th cyclotomic field for odd p and for the conductors of Jacobi sum Hecke characters unramified at 2. The computation of the root numbers, in the case of p odd, was carried out by Rohrlich in [8].
Regional cerebral glucose utilization rates in rats during asymptomatic period of exposure to 1, 2 and 3 atmospheres absolute of oxygen.

A previous study has shown an increase in regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose prior to the onset of central nervous system oxygen toxicity in rats exposed to 5 atmospheres absolute of oxygen. The present study was designed to measure regional cerebral glucose utilization rates at pressures used for oxygen therapy and prolonged exposures during which rats are known to be asymptomatic. The regional metabolic rate for glucose in 26 brain structures and in gray and white matter of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord was autoradiographically measured in awake unrestrained rats using the autoradiographic [ 14C]2-deoxyglucose technique. Femoral artery and vein cannulae were inserted 3 days before the experiment. Rats were divided into.four groups of 15: (a) air control; (b) 6 h at 1 atmosphere absolute oxygen; (c) 4 h at 2 atmospheres oxygen; and (d) 2 h at 3 atmospheres oxygen. Statistically significant increases in glucose utilization (p < 0.05) are seen only in lateral thalamus at 3 atmospheres oxygen, in superior olivary nucleus and inferior colliculus at 2 atmospheres oxygen and in superior olivary nucleus at 1 atmosphere oxygen. The combination of our previous data at 5 atmospheres oxygen and the present results at prolonged and safe exposures to lower pressures indicated that increased glucose utilization in some neuronal structures precedes the onset of the central nervous system manifestations of oxygen toxicity
A Method To Explore Three Dimensional Absorption In Polymers

Any processing technique induces orientation in a polymeric system. We have developed techniques originally explored by R. Zbinden spectroscopy Di Hical Polymers, Academic Press, N.Y.,1964) and P.G.Schmidt (J.Polym.Sci. Al, 1271, 1963) to study the trichroic orientation effects. Using a tilting procedure the principal axes of the absorption ellipsoid are calculated and the isotropic-equivalent or structure factor (Ao) spectrum is found. With trichroic information the assumption of transverse isotropy in one-way drawn samples is no longer necessary and, in fact, is shown to be invalid in some cases. The method is applied to two polymer systems, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). In PET the rotational isomeric content in the crystal and amorphous phases is characterized from the Ao spectra by the method of least-squares curve-fitting. In PVDF, frequency shifts in the plane perpendicular to the draw direction are observed indicating single crystal-like orientation behavior.
Formation of nano-textured conical microstructures in titanium metal surface by femtosecond laser irradiation

We report for the first time that a regular array of sharp nano-textured conical microstructures are formed on the titanium metal surface by irradiation with ultrafast laser pulses of 130 fs duration, 800 nm wavelength in vacuum (∼1 mbar) or in 100 mbar He. The microstructures are up to 25 μm tall, and taper to about 500 nm diameters at the tip. Irradiation in the presence of SF6, air or HCl creates a textured surface but does not create sharp conical microstructures. The surfaces of these microstructures exhibit periodic nano-texture of feature size comparable to the wavelength of light consistent with ripple formation. Contrary to pillar formation by femtosecond laser irradiation of silicon where the initial ripples evolve into the pillars and the ripples disappear, the ripples on titanium pillars have a much smaller periodicity than the pillars and remain on the surface of the pillars. The textured surface is pitch black compared to its original silver-grayish color, i.e, it exhibits greatly reduced reflectivity throughout the measured visible spectrum.
Nitric oxide synthase is an active enzyme in the spiral ganglion cells of the rat cochlea

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) mediates the effects of the excitatory amino acids in the central nervous system. Excitatory amino acids, in particular l -glutamate, are thought to be the neurotransmitter(s) present at the cochlear hair cell-afferent nerve synapse. To our knowledge, no studies to date have documented the presence of NO in the cochlea nor attempted to elucidate the role of NO in hearing. Rat cochlea frozen sections were examined for the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by NADPH diaphorase histochemistry. Vibratome sections of rat cochlea were examined by immunocytochemistry with an antibody to citrulline, an indication of NOS activity. Spiral ganglion cells in the rat cochlea were positive by NADPH diaphorase histochemistry and by anti-citrulline immunocytochemistry. These results indicate that NOS is present and that the enzyme actively produces nitric oxide in the spiral ganglion cells of the rat cochlea. Given our current understanding of neurotransmission in the cochlea, it is reasonable to postulate that the actions of NO in cochlear neuronal tissue are similar to the actions of NO in the CNS and that NO acts as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in the cochlea. In addition, because NO has been implicated as a mediator of excitotoxicity in the CNS, NO may play a role in neurotoxicity in the cochlea.
Adverse clinical effects of immune sorption with staphylococcal protein A columns.

S TAPHYLOCOCCAL Protein A (SPA) is a major constituent of the cell wall of certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus (eg, Cowan strain 1), which has a great affinity for mammalian immunoglobulin. Analogous immunoglobulin binding sites exist in some other bacteria3 SPA has five immunoglobulin binding regions at the N-terminus. Its one C-terminal nonimmunoglobulinbinding site serves to attach the protein to the cell wail. SPA binds avidly to the Fc portions of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) of types 1, 2, and 4, less reliably to type 3, weakly or variably to IgM, and IgA. 2-4 The binding is nonimmune. The affinity of SPA for IgG seems to be even greater (fivefold) when an antigen is bound to the IgG as an antigen-antibody complex. SPA is physically and chemically stable, and can be attached to various support matrices firmly enough to defy leaching, but without appreciable loss of its immunoglobulin-binding characteristic. Thus, it is possible to develop systems in which SPA, attached to an inert matrix in a column, can extract IgG and immune complexes from serum or plasma. In theory, it seems simple. In fact, the mechanism of action of SPA is complex, involving much more than removal of IgG and immune complexes. That is not the topic of this review, although it has a bearing on the types of reactions encountered. Suffice it to say that SPA affects the immune system in a variety of ways, activating complement, apparently by the alternative pathway, ~ reducing circulating immune complexes, possibly altering antigen-antibody ratios, and other forms of immune modulation. 5 In some clinical applications, such as with a fixed amount of plasma passing once through the sorbent, there seems to be little or no relationship between the quantity of plasma treated or of SPA used, 6 and the observed