cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kernel-middleware interaction to support adaptation in pervasive computing environments

In pervasive computing environments, conditions are highly variable and resources are limited. In order to meet the needs of applications, systems must adapt dynamically to changing situations. Since adaptation at one system layer may be insufficient, cross-layer, or vertical approaches to adaptation may be needed. Moreover, adaptation in distributed systems often requires horizontal co-operation among hosts. This cooperation is not restricted to the source and destination(s) of a data stream, but might also include intermediate hosts in an overlay network or mobile ad hoc network. We refer to this combined capability as universal adaptation. We contend that the model defining interaction between adaptive middleware and the operating system is critical to realizing universal adaptation. We explore this hypothesis by evaluating the Kernel-Middleware eXchange (KMX), a specific model for cross-layer, cross-system adaptation. We present the KMX architecture and discuss its potential role in supporting universal adaptation in pervasive computing environments. We then describe a prototype implementation of KMX and show results of an experimental case study in which KMX is used to improve the quality of video streaming to mobile nodes in a hybrid wired-wireless network.
Pb deposition on I-coated Au(111). UHV-EC and EC-STM studies.

This article concerns the growth of an atomic layer of Pb on the Au(111)(√3 × √3)R30°−I structure. The importance of this study lies in the use of Pb underpotential deposition (UPD) as a sacrificial layer in surface-limited redox replacement (SLRR). SLRR reactions are being applied in the formation of metal nanofilms via electrochemical atomic layer deposition (ALD). Pb UPD is a surface-limited reaction, and if it is placed in a solution of ions of a more noble metal, redox replacement can occur, but limited by the amount of Pb present. Pb UPD is a candidate for use as a sacrificial layer for replacement by any more noble element. It has been used by this group for both Cu and Pt nanofilm formation using electrochemical ALD. The I atom layer was intended to facilitate electrochemical annealing during nanofilm growth. Two distinctly different Pb atomic layer structures are reported, studied using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with an electrochemical flow cell and ultrahigh vacuum surface anal...
Bull semen nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nucleosidase VI. Fluorescence studies of the enzyme with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Abstract The binding of NADH to bull semen NAD nucleosidase was observed to be accompanied by a considerable enhancement of the fluorescence of NADH. The fluorescence enhancement observed in the binding of NADH to the enzyme was utilized to study the stoichiometry of binding of this compound to the enzyme. Results obtained from the fluorescence titration of the enzyme with NADH indicated the binding of one mole of NADH per mole of enzyme (36,000 g). The dissociation constant for the enzyme-NADH complex was determined to be 2.52 × 10−6 m . NADH was also found to be a very effective competitive inhibitor of the NADase-catalyzed hydrolysis of NAD, and the inhibitor dissociation constant (KI) for the enzyme-NADH complex was determined to be 2.99 × 10−6 m which was in good agreement with the value obtained from the fluorescence titration experiments.
Celebrating John Rowan – London, 12 January 2015

This exciting new era in the history of the AHP, with its charitable aim of promoting Humanistic Psychology, was launched with a party held at the Open Centre in London, with Professor Andrew Samue...
Structure and inhibition of EV-D68, a virus that causes respiratory illness in children

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a member of Picornaviridae and is a causative agent of recent outbreaks of respiratory illness in children in the United States. We report here the crystal structures of EV-D68 and its complex with pleconaril, a capsid-binding compound that had been developed as an anti-rhinovirus drug. The hydrophobic drug-binding pocket in viral protein 1 contained density that is consistent with a fatty acid of about 10 carbon atoms. This density could be displaced by pleconaril. We also showed that pleconaril inhibits EV-D68 at a half-maximal effective concentration of 430 nanomolar and might, therefore, be a possible drug candidate to alleviate EV-D68 outbreaks.
A comparison of polysomnography and a portable home sleep study in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the role of a portable sleep monitor device (SNAP) in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Inter-reader variability was also assessed for both PSG and SNAP.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Sixty consecutive adults referred for PSG at The University of Chicago Sleep Disorder Clinic were prospectively enrolled.RESULTS: There was no significant difference between total number of apnea and hypopnea, respiratory disturbance index (RDI), and minimum oxygen obtained by PSG and SNAP, but there was a significant difference between sleep time and mean oxygen. Pearson's correlation coefficient for RDI ≥ 15 was 0.92.CONCLUSION: There was a significant correlation of RDIs between SNAP and PSG. SNAP has good sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Differences between SNAP and PSG could be attributed to inter-reader variability and not necessarily due to technical limitations of SNAP. SNAP is an excellent tool for the diagnosis of OSAS in the laboratory set...
Rates of atomization and deposition in vertical annular flow

Abstract The tracer technique of Quandt has been used to determine the rate of atomization, the rate of deposition and the entrainment for air and water flowing vertically upward in 2.54, 4.20 and 5.72 cm pipes. The rate of atomization was found to vary linearly with gas velocity and liquid film flow rate. The rate of deposition varies linearly with droplet concentration at low concentrations but is insensitive to changes in droplet concentration at high concentrations.
The importance of environmental exposures to physical, mental and social well-being

"Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" states the WHO. However, the current focus in this important area seems to be on reducing diseases, while less attention is paid on aspects how to increase the well-being of populations. This paper reviews three examples where well-being has drawn attention of the public and policy makers, and compares the policies of two wealthy countries. The first example is noise. Noise can reduce sleep quality and cause physiological, mental, and social effects. In Switzerland, noise receives a lot of attention by the public. Swiss laws are extensive, e.g., they prohibit trucks and planes from traveling at night. In the USA, there is little public attention and no national strategy against environmental noise. The second example is aesthetics and recreation. Many humans seek contact with the beauty of nature. The USA and Switzerland have similar strategies for achieving clear waters, while the protection of scenic views is approached very differently. Lifestyle is the last example. In the USA, the desire for individual freedom is a leading cause for suburban sprawl, a car-dependent sedentary lifestyle resulting in obesity, asthma and loss of community spirit. In Switzerland, a strict land use planning seeks to balance individual and public interests and stresses public transportation, which seems to be a more promising approach. Paying attention to aspects of well-being while developing political strategies might be a promising model to tackle environmental problems. Successful strategies employed so far seem to include the public, local authorities, politicians and scientists in this process, which might have been a key for their success.
Conformal apertures: concepts and requirements

Architectures for a conformal electro-optical aperture that is based on a collection of subapertures are considered. Such architectures have different requirements for passive and active systems. In this paper we consider requirements for active systems. In particular we consider concepts for measuring the scattered illumination field at the subaperture. We discuss requirements on the subapertures, such as phasing and steering.
A Wideband Dual-Antenna Receiver for Wireless Recording From Animals Behaving in Large Arenas

A low-noise wideband receiver (Rx) is presented for a multichannel wireless implantable neural recording (WINeR) system that utilizes time-division multiplexing of pulse width modulated (PWM) samples. The WINeR-6 Rx consists of four parts: 1) RF front end; 2) signal conditioning; 3) analog output (AO); and 4) field-programmable gate array (FPGA) back end. The RF front end receives RF-modulated neural signals in the 403-490 MHz band with a wide bandwidth of 18 MHz. The frequency-shift keying (FSK) PWM demodulator in the FPGA is a time-to-digital converter with 304 ps resolution, which converts the analog pulse width information to 16-bit digital samples. Automated frequency tracking has been implemented in the Rx to lock onto the free-running voltage-controlled oscillator in the transmitter (Tx). Two antennas and two parallel RF paths are used to increase the wireless coverage area. BCI-2000 graphical user interface has been adopted and modified to acquire, visualize, and record the recovered neural signals in real time. The AO module picks three demultiplexed channels and converts them into analog signals for direct observation on an oscilloscope. One of these signals is further amplified to generate an audio output, offering users the ability to listen to ongoing neural activity. Bench-top testing of the Rx performance with a 32-channel WINeR-6 Tx showed that the input referred noise of the entire system at a Tx-Rx distance of 1.5 m was 4.58 μVrms with 8-bit resolution at 640 kSps. In an in vivo experiment, location-specific receptive fields of hippocampal place cells were mapped during a behavioral experiment in which a rat completed 40 laps in a large circular track. Results were compared against those acquired from the same animal and the same set of electrodes by a commercial hardwired recording system to validate the wirelessly recorded signals.
Reliable low temperature NMR sample cell for reduced-geometry studies

Abstract This paper reports an NMR sample cell and probe design suitable for high sensitivity experimental studies, e.g. thin film studies of molecular hydrogen adsorbed on substrates such as hexagonal boron nitride. Easily machinable Kel-F (polychlorotrifluoroethylene or Fluorothene) is used in the NMR sample cell construction to fulfil two requirements: the sample cell should be superfluid 4 He leak-tight and the material for the sample cell should exhibit a minimal background proton NMR signal. Using this new sample cell design, the signal from monolayer coverages of molecular hydrogen containing 10 17 spins adsorbed on the hexagonal BN surface has been observed, with a signal-to-noise ratio > 100.
Enhancement of Hyperglycemia-Induced Acidification of Human Melanoma Xenografts with Inhibitors of Respiration and Ion Transport

Abstract Rationale and Objectives The authors performed this study to evaluate the selective acidification of a human melanoma xenograft in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency with the induction of hyperglycemia (mean blood glucose level ± standard error of the mean, 26 mmol/L ± 1) and the intraperitoneal administration of metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG, 30 mg/kg), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CNCn, 300 mg/kg), lonidamine (100 mg/kg), cariporide (HOE642, 160 mg/kg), or 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2, 2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS, 50 mg/kg). Materials and Methods The intra- and extracellular pH levels of tumor were estimated from the chemical shifts of inorganic phosphate and 3-aminopropylphosphonate, respectively, with phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy. The relative level of steady-state lactate was monitored with hydrogen-1 MR spectroscopy. Results In small tumors (≤8.0 mm), hyperglycemia decreased the intra- and extracellular pH levels by less than 0.2. The combination of hyperglycemia and MIBG decreased the intra- and extracellular pH levels by approximately 0.4 and 0.6, respectively, and lowered the β-nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)/inorganic phosphate (P i ) ratio of tumor and liver by about 60% and 25%, respectively. The combination of hyperglycemia, MIBG, and CNCn produced a transient decrease in the intracellular pH of about 0.6. The combination of hyperglycemia and lonidamine produced a sustained (>3 hours) 0.8-unit decrease in intracellular pH and an 83% and 100% decrease in PCr/P i and β-NTP/P i ratios, respectively. The combination of hyperglycemia, MIBG, cariporide, and DIDS produced a gradual decrease in intra- and extracellular pH by 1.1 and 1.0, respectively. The relative level of steady-state lactate concentration in tumors increased 10% with hyperglycemia alone, about 20% with MIBG plus hyperglycemia, and increased more than twofold when hyperglycemia was combined with MIBG and CNCn administration. Conclusion These preliminary data suggest that hyperglycemia and combinations of respiratory and ion transport inhibitors can be used to selectively acidify tumors and, thereby, sensitize them to hyperthermia or other pH-sensitive therapeutic modalities.
Accelerated Stability Testing of Proteins and Peptides: pH-Stability Profile of Insulinotropin Using Traditional Arrhenius and Non-Linear Fitting Analysis

AbstractThe stability of insulinotropin was evaluated as a function of pH and temperature in the present study so as to predict stability at ambient and subambient temperatures. For traditional Arrhenius analysis, there is generally a loss of statistical information for the estimates of the energy of activation (Ea) and the frequency factor (A) due to the use of two separate regression steps. Therefore, a comparison was made between traditional Arrhenius analysis and a non-linear fitting approach utilizinglog (C/C0) = -0.434 t A exp(-EaRT)where C is the concentration, 0 denotes the initial value, t is time, T is temperature, and R is the gas constant. A good agreement was found in the estimates by the two methods; however, the nonlinear method did provide an improvement in confidence limits under some conditions. Arrhenius plots for the degradation of the peptide appear to obey the Arrhenius equation from 5 to 50°C under alkaline and acidic conditions; however, some deviation was observed at neutral pH. T...
Dark matter searches with the CMS experiment in 2010

Abstract We report on the dark matter searches performed by the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment using the 35 pb −1 of 7 TeV pp data collected by the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2010. All observations so far were found to be consistent with the Standard Model predictions. The search results were used for setting exclusion limits on various new physics scenarios.
Believing is not the same as testing: A reply to Beyth-Marom and Arkes

Abstract Several of Beyth-Marom and Arkes' criticisms of our original article arise from their misunderstanding our conclusions. This reply clarifies those misunderstandings. We reiterate our conclusion that even though people may not use normative rules in laboratory tasks, they still can make inferences that are nearly as optimal as those they would have made if they had been using those rules. This reply also elaborates upon our concern about the use of quantitative word problems to test human inference. We submit that additional evidence is needed to justify continued reliance on these problems.
Political Advertising and News Coverage in the 1992 California U.S. Senate Campaigns

This research investigates the advertising and news environment during the 1992 California U.S. Senate campaigns. I examine how people used campaign media--ads and news--in evaluating candidates. Content analysis explores the messages in television ads and news coverage. How citizens assess candidate's recognition, favorability, electability, and the vote is addressed through local public opinion surveys in the nominating and general election stages. The results reveal that the impact of ads varies considerably with several elements of the political context: the stage and competitiveness of the campaign, strategic interactions among the candidates, and coverage by the news media. One cannot fully understand ads unless the context of electoral judgments is included in the analysis.
Improving the Therapeutic Index of Topically Applied Ocular Drugs

• Nasolacrimal occlusion (NLO) and eyelid closure are simple techniques that not only increase the ocular bioavailability of topically applied ocular drugs but also reduce the probability of adverse systemic effects. Each serves to improve the therapeutic index. Subsequent to the application of 0.5% timolol maleate, the effects of NLO and eyelid closure were compared with the effects of no procedures. In this experiment, systemic drug absorption in normal volunteers was reduced more than 60%. Measurements were made by radioimmunoassay of timolol in blood plasma. In addition, the diminution of fluorescein in the anterior chamber was observed for three hours following direct application to the lower cul-de-sac. Results indicate a lower fluorescein concentration and a shorter duration of fluorescence in the absence of either experimental technique. Both NLO and eyelid closure seem to be safe, simple, and effective procedures that could minimize dosage requirements, as well as side effects.
Photo-reconstituted collagen gel for tissue culture substrates.

Abstract Dialysed acetic acid collagen extracts of rat-tail tendon, when mixed with an aqueous 0.05% solution of riboflavin-5′-phosphate in a ratio of 5:1, and dispensed onto coverslips, can be reconstituted by exposure to bright light for ⪖5 min into gels suitable for the long-term cultivation of neural, muscle, and other tissues. They have a resilient, porous structure that readily accommodates to cell movements and allows outgrowing cells, and their processes, to migrate into the gel matrix and develop further. These gels can be formed near living cells in established cultures, permitting the transfer of culture ‘modules’ containing ACLAR inserts into a fresh base of photo-reconstituted collagen.
Adaptive node capability to assess the characteristic tempo in a wireless communication network

This paper develops a new expression for a network node capability value used to quantify the node's ability to maintain an optimal information flow in a mobile communication network. The capability value is adaptable and is a function of the bandwidth efficiency, the data rate, the energy-per-bit to noise spectral density power ratio and reflects how effectively the node can receive, process and transmit data. To evaluate the capability expression a generalized connectivity metric is used which integrates the node capability values along with their connections scaled by the length of the routes (including their directionality) in order to measure the maximum information exchange rate (characteristic tempo) of the network. Simulation results are shown for a prototype four-node dynamic scenario to numerically evaluate the node capability values and the resulting network characteristic tempo.
Emergency contraception counseling: an opportunity for pharmacists.

Abstract Objectives To determine the impact of pharmacist counseling on patients' knowledge of emergency contraception (EC). Design Single-group, repeated-measures analysis. Setting Academic medical center women's clinic in Little Rock, AR, between January and July 2010. Participants 116 women 18 years or older. Intervention 10-minute education session provided by a pharmacist or trained student pharmacist. Main outcome measures Change in participants' test scores (range 0 [lowest possible] to 13 [highest possible]) at three assessment periods (pretest, posttest, and follow-up) using 12 knowledge questions. Results 116 participants with a mean (±SD) age of 25 ± 5.9 years participated in this study. Mean knowledge scores were 5.3±4.1 for the pretest and 10.7±1.4 for the posttest ( P Conclusion Brief pharmacist-driven counseling sessions provided in a clinic setting are feasible and have a positive impact on immediate EC knowledge and long-term knowledge retention.
Cardiac function and electrical remodeling of the calcineurin-overexpressed transgenic mouse.

Objective: To study the specificity of contractile phenotype and electrophysiological remodeling in transgenic (Tg) mice with cardiac directed calcineurin (phosphatase 2B) overexpression and evaluate a possible negative role of chronically activated calcineurin in β-adrenergic mediated contractile response. Methods: The patch-clamp technique was used to characterize electrophysiological properties of action potentials and inward rectifier ( I K1), and transient outward potassium currents ( I to). The analysis of the contractile performance was carried out on isolated retrograde perfused hearts at constant aortic pressure. Results: Tg mice demonstrated a hypercontractile phenotype characterized by a profound β-adrenergic hypo-responsiveness at 2.0 mM [Ca2+]o. Transgenic cardiomyocytes showed marked action potential prolongation (209% in APD90) with increased I to,peak and I sus and decreased protein expression level of Kv1.5 and Kv2.1. Lowering [Ca2+]o to 0.75 mM restored the β-adrenergic response, indicating that the calcineurin/calmodulin/adenylyl cyclase (AC) pathway may not be directly responsible for the blunted β-adrenoreceptor mediated inotropism. Conclusions: Calcineurin overexpression leads to development of a hyperdynamic phenotype with a cellular profile of increased calcium influx. This type of functional hypertrophic remodeling is accompanied by a negative feedback regulation between increased calcium handling and β-adrenergic contractile activation.
Transition-Metal Complexes with Bidentate Ligands Spanning trans-Positions. I. The synthesis of 2,11-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)benzo[c]-phenanthrene, a ligand promoting the formation of square planar complexes

The bidentate ligand 2,11-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)benzo[c]phenanthrene (1) was synthesized from 2,11-dimethyl-benzo[c]phenanthrene (3) via the corresponding bromomethyl derivative 9. 3 was obtained from the cyclization with boron trifluoride etherate of 1,1-di-(p-methylphenethyl)-epoxyethane (7), which was prepared from 1,5-di(p-tolyl)-pentan-3-one (6).
Sociological explanations of economic growth.

Even if questions of how resources aredistributed within and between societies are our main concern, we must continue to grapple with the issue of the causes of economic growth because economic growth and level of development continue to be among the most important causes of inequality, poverty, unemployment, and the quality of life. This paper’s dependent variable is the economic growth rate of 55 less developed countries (LDCs) during two time periods—1970–78 and 1965–84. The causal model consists of control variables—level of development and domestic investment in 1965—and a variety of independent variables drawn from major sociological theories of economic growth published during the last three decades. Multiple regression analysis shows that, net of the effects of the two control variables, the variables that have the strongest effect on economic growth rates are: (1) direct foreign investment, which has a negative effect; (2) the proportion of the population in military service; and (3) the primary school enrollment ratio, both of which have positive effects of economic, growth. On the other hand, variables drawn from some theories receive no empirical suport. The mass media of communications, ethno-linguistic heterogeneity, democracy and human rights, income inequality, and state-centric theory’s key variable—state strength—all fail to show any significant impact on economic growth rates when the control variables and the significant independent variables are held constant. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Functional microRNAs in Alzheimer's disease and cancer: differential regulation of common mechanisms and pathways.

Two of the main research priorities in the United States are cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, which are attributed to abnormal patterns of cellular behavior. MicroRNAs (miRNA) have been implicated as regulators of cellular metabolism, and thus are an active topic of investigation in both disease areas. There is presently a more extensive body of work on the role of miRNAs in cancer compared to neurodegenerative diseases, and therefore it may be useful to examine whether there is any concordance between the functional roles of miRNAs in these diseases. As a case study, the roles of miRNAs in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and their functions in various cancers will be compared. A number of miRNA expression patterns are altered in individuals with AD compared with healthy older adults. Among these, some have also been shown to correlate with neuropathological changes including plaque and tangle accumulation, as well as expression levels of other molecules known to be involved in disease pathology. Importantly, these miRNAs have also been shown to have differential expression and or functional roles in various types of cancer. To examine possible intersections between miRNA functions in cancer and AD, we review the current literature on eight of these miRNAs in cancer and AD, focusing on their roles in known biological pathways. We propose a pathway-driven model in which some molecular processes show an inverse relationship between cancer and neurodegenerative disease (e.g., proliferation and apoptosis) whereas others are more parallel in their activity (e.g., immune activation and inflammation). A critical review of these and other molecular mechanisms in cancer may shed light on the pathophysiology of AD, and highlight key areas for future research. Conclusions from this work may be extended to other neurodegenerative diseases for which some molecular pathways have been identified but which have not yet been extensively researched for miRNA involvement.
Methane Digester Effluent as a Feedstuff for Layers

Abstract Methane digester effluent (MDE) from a full-scale digester (FD) was studied as a potential wet feedstuff for caged layers. Hens fed corn-soybean meal diets meeting National Research Council (NRC, 1977) nutrient requirements and containing up to .5% MDE, dry matter (DM) basis, showed no significant difference in hen-day egg production when compared with controls. Higher MDE levels (1.0 to 2.6%) produced a significant reduction in egg production. Egg weight and specific gravity were not affected by level of MDE. Haugh unit was adversely affected only in eggs laid by hens fed the highest level of MDE. True metabolizable energy (TME) and nitrogen corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) values of MDE samples from two types of digesters, pilot (PD) and full-scale were determined. Dry matter content was 2.92 and 1.58% for PD and FD, respectively. Mean gross energy values were 3502 and 3792 kcal/kg, and mean TME values were 1076 and 692 kcal/kg for PD and FD, respectively (dry matter basis). Both MDE samples had high gross energy values but comparatively low TME values, indicating that a large part of the nutrients in MDE were not digestible. The TMEn values were 936 and 531 kcal/kg for PD and FD, respectively. Based on this study, .5% full-scale MDE (DM basis) is suggested as the maximum level that should be used in a caged layer diet.
Atmosphere for Sale: Inventing Commercial Climate Change

In forming the international regime on climate change, commodification of the atmosphere has become the primary mechanism around which policy formulation is being organized. This has been an outcome of the dominance of anthropocentric and ethnocentric values in the discourse represented by the negotiations around the Framework Convention on Climate Change. Environmentalism offers an alternative value system from which a critique of the emerging global climate change management regime can be undertaken. This critique makes clear both the inadequacy of economic approaches based on commodification of the atmosphere to protect the global environment and the need to include a variety of actors, values, and approaches in the climate change policy debate.
Evidence for Grenville‐Age Seismicity and Thick‐Skinned Deformation in Northern Wisconsin, U.S.A.

Abstract One of the great continental rifts in all of Earth’s history, the ca. 1.1‐Ga Midcontinent Rift of the Lake Superior region, was closed and inverted less than 100 m.yr. after its initiation, when rift‐bounding normal faults were reactivated as reverse faults. This was a major crustal event involving “thick‐skinned” deformation, but its tectonic importance has not been fully appreciated, owing in part to the lack of good outcrop along the traces of the rift‐closing faults. A rare exposure of one of these faults occurs near the falls of the Marengo River in southeastern Bayfield County, Wisconsin. The Atkins Lake–Marenisco fault is a crustal‐scale structure that juxtaposes Archean granitic gneisses with Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks. Pseudotachylytes, cataclasites, and microbreccias in the fault zone record large ( \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont...
HEAVY ION HEATING DUE TO INTERACTIONS WITH OUTWARD AND INWARD ALFVEN WAVE PACKETS

The study of simultaneous cyclotron interactions of heavy ions with outward- and inward-propagating Alfven wave packets in the solar wind was self-consistently conducted with wave-packet dynamics. It was shown that, even when the ratio of intensities of the Alfven waves propagating from the Sun and the inward propagating waves are rather large (a factor of 10 or more), the distribution function of the ions simultaneously interacting with both of the wave packets drastically differs from the distribution function formed by the interaction of ions with waves only propagating from the Sun. In the latter case, the ions acquire a shell-like distribution; in the former case, a new non-shell-type distribution with much larger effective temperatures is formed. The temporal dynamics of the ion-distribution function and the self-consistent modification of the wave-power spectral density for both the outward and inward waves were also investigated. The results refute claims by Isenberg and Hollweg that the outward-propagating waves generate the inward waves through the instability of their resonant particle shell distribution.
Internal rotation and Coriolis coupling in symmetric top molecules

Abstract Because of the selection rule ΔK = 0, the effect of internal rotation does not appear directly in rotational transitions of symmetric top molecules in the ground vibrational state. It is shown, however, that in the excited state of a degenerate vibration the presence of l-type Coriolis interaction mixes K states and the effect of internal rotation becomes directly observable. Formulas for transition frequencies are given.
Families' Definition Behavior of Problematic Situations

This research examines the factors which influence family definition behavior of problematic situations. Observational data came from 48 white families composed of the natural parents and their ninth grade offspring divided according to social class, wives' employment, and gender of child. Each family examined a series of 27 simulated problematic situations, which they were free to discuss or to skip. The data were analyzed to determine the effect of family background, interpersonal relations and discussion process variables on families' statements concerning definitions of the situations preceding problem solution strategies. The findings of the importance of interpersonal ties for problem definition are interpreted in terms of family interaction issues in the context of the original rationale.
Enabling active storage on parallel I/O software stacks

As data sizes continue to increase, the concept of active storage is well fitted for many data analysis kernels. Nevertheless, while this concept has been investigated and deployed in a number of forms, enabling it from the parallel I/O software stack has been largely unexplored. In this paper, we propose and evaluate an active storage system that allows data analysis, mining, and statistical operations to be executed from within a parallel I/O interface. In our proposed scheme, common analysis kernels are embedded in parallel file systems. We expose the semantics of these kernels to parallel file systems through an enhanced runtime interface so that execution of embedded kernels is possible on the server. In order to allow complete server-side operations without file format or layout manipulation, our scheme adjusts the file I/O buffer to the computational unit boundary on the fly. Our scheme also uses server-side collective communication primitives for reduction and aggregation using interserver communication. We have implemented a prototype of our active storage system and demonstrate its benefits using four data analysis benchmarks. Our experimental results show that our proposed system improves the overall performance of all four benchmarks by 50.9% on average and that the compute-intensive portion of the k-means clustering kernel can be improved by 58.4% through GPU offloading when executed with a larger computational load. We also show that our scheme consistently outperforms the traditional storage model with a wide variety of input dataset sizes, number of nodes, and computational loads.
PHYTOTOXICITY OF IMIDAZOLINE DERIVATIVES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

In recent years many types of chemicals have been tested for activity in promoting or inhibiting growth of plants. The present paper reports on phytotoxic effects and on relationships between chemical structure and activity of imidazoline derivatives and related compounds, oxazolines, etc., some of which are extremely toxic to higher plants. Certain imidazoline derivatives and related substances such as benzedrine and adrenaline have long been known to possess heart-stimulating activity. Hartman and Isler (2) reported that 2-benzyl imidazoline was highly effective as a heart stimulant, but that its activity was eliminated by replacing the benzyl group with aliphatic chains with the exception of the chains containing six to eight carbon atoms. More recently Bellmont and Meier (1) showed that certain imidazolines were 10 to 100 times more effective than adrenaline.
Investigation of acoustic gravity waves created by anomalous heat sources: experiments and theoretical analysis

We have been investigating high-power radio wave-induced acoustic gravity waves (AGWs) at Gakona, Alaska, using the High-frequency Active Aurora Research Program (HAARP) heating facility (i.e. HF heater) and extensive diagnostic instruments. This work was aimed at performing a controlled study of the space plasma turbulence triggered by the AGWs originating from anomalous heat sources, as observed in our earlier experiments at Arecibo, Puerto Rico (Pradipta 2007 MS Thesis MIT Press, Cambridge, MA). The HF heater operated in continuous wave (CW) O-mode can heat ionospheric plasmas effectively to yield a depleted magnetic flux tube as rising plasma bubbles (Lee et al 1998 Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 579). Two processes are responsible for the depletion of the magnetic flux tube: (i) thermal expansion and (ii) chemical reactions caused by heated ions. The depleted plasmas create large density gradients that can augment spread F processes via generalized Rayleigh?Taylor instabilities (Lee et al 1999 Geophys. Res. Lett. 26 37). It is thus expected that the temperature of neutral particles in the heated ionospheric region can be increased. Such a heat source in the neutral atmosphere may potentially generate AGWs in the form of traveling ionospheric plasma disturbances (TIPDs). We should point out that these TIPDs have features distinctively different from electric and magnetic field (ExB) drifts of HF wave-induced large-scale non-propagating plasma structures. Moreover, it was noted in our recent study of naturally occurring AGW-induced TIDs that only large-scale AGWs can propagate upward to reach higher altitudes. Thus, in our Gakona experiments we select optimum heating schemes for HF wave-induced AGWs that can be distinguished from the naturally occurring ones. The generation and propagation of AGWs are monitored by MUIR (Modular Ultra high-frequency Ionospheric Radar), Digisonde and GPS/low-earth-orbit satellites. Our theoretical and experimental studies have shown that anomalous heat sources produced by, for example, global warming can become potential causes inducing extensive large-scale turbulence in the neutral atmosphere and space plasmas.
Understanding children from diverse cultures: bridging perspectives of parents and teachers

The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore how families negotiate their perspectives with US teachers regarding school. The cases of three Korean and two Chinese preschoolers were examined through semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews with parents and teachers. Observations of the families at home and the children and teachers at school were conducted to add additional context to the interviews. Findings illuminated feelings that conflicted within each participant. Parents were found to have conflicting views between desiring their child to learn the English language yet expressing concern over what they believe was too much acculturation due to English language acquisition. Teachers were found to value international parents, yet felt it was difficult to communicate with parents and unsure of how to welcome them into the classroom. Findings from this study broaden understandings of families from diverse cultures and promote efforts to establish cooperative partnerships between parents and teachers.
Estimation of subspace occupancy

The ability to identify unoccupied resources in the radio spectrum is a key capability for opportunistic user in a cognitive radio environment. This paper draws upon and extends geometrically based ideas in statistical signal processing to develop estimators for the rank and the occupied subspace in a multi-user environment from multiple temporal samples of the signal received at a single antenna. These estimators enable identification of resources (i.e., the orthogonal complement of the occupied subspace) that may be exploitable by an opportunistic user.
AJR teaching file: Cavernous sinus mass in a woman presenting with painful ophthalmoplegia.

Contrast-enhanced MRI of the brain revealed a homogeneously enhancing mass in the left cavernous sinus. The mass was isointense to gray matter on T2-weighted images. Enhancement extended into the left orbital apex through the superior orbital fissure, and there was enlargement and enhancement of several extraocular muscles. Enhancement also extended into the left pterygopalatine fossa through the foramen rotundum along the V2 division of the trigeminal nerve and into the infratemporal fossa through the foramen ovale along the V3 division of the trigeminal nerve (Fig. 1). Differential Diagnosis The differential diagnosis of an enhancing cavernous sinus mass includes idiopathic orbital apical inflammation with cavernous sinus involvement (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome), perineural tumor spread, meningioma, lymphoma, schwannoma, fungal infection, and sarcoidosis.
Gender Development Research in Sex Roles: Historical Trends and Future Directions

The late 1960s through the 1970s marked an important turning point in the field of gender research, including theory and research in gender development. The establishment of Sex Roles in 1975 as a forum for this research represented an important milestone in the field. In this article, we celebrate the 35th anniversary of Sex Roles and, in particular, its contributions to the field of research on children’s and adolescents’ gender development. We examine the trends in research on gender development published in Sex Roles since its inception and use this analysis as a vehicle for exploring how the field has grown and evolved over the past few decades. We begin with a brief review of the history of this field of research since 1975. Then, we present a descriptive assessment of articles published on gender development in Sex Roles over time, and link this assessment to general trends that have occurred in the study of gender development over the past 35 years. We conclude with a discussion of future directions for the field of gender development. In particular, we highlight areas in which the journal could play a role in promoting more diversity in topics, methods, and ages employed in gender development research.
Water-deprived white-footed mice express c-fos on a day/night cycle graded according to the duration of deprivation

Mammals respond to electrolyte and water imbalance by a variety of neural and endocrine mechanisms that regulate water and salt intake and loss. We used the expression of c-fos and Fos-related antigens to indicate neuronal activation in hypothalamic neurons of members of an outbred laboratory population of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) deprived of water for biologically reasonable periods of time (6-18 h). We examined Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LIR) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN). During the dark period, when these animals are normally active, 6 h of water deprivation produced near-maximal increases in the number of cells positive for Fos-LIR in the SON and PVN. In contrast, during the light period, when these mice are normally inactive and do not have access to water, 6 h of water deprivation only slightly affected Fos-LIR. During the day, it required as much as 12 h of water deprivation to produce increases in Fos-LIR cells approaching those achieved at night. Plasma osmolarity was directly related to the number of Fos-LIR cells. In addition, mice lost weight more rapidly at night than during the day when water-deprived, and also recovered that lost weight more rapidly when access to water was returned. Our results show (1) that biologically reasonable levels of water restriction (and resulting changes in blood osmolarity) induce changes in Fos-LIR in this wild mouse species, and (2) that these mice have a daily cycle of sensitivity to water deprivation that is demonstrated by both behavioral, psychological and immunohistological assessment of reactions to water deprivation.
Rap music videos and African American women's body image: the moderating role of ethnic identity.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between exposure to thin ideals in Black-oriented programming and young Black women's body image disturbance, specifically addressing the moderating role of ethnic identity. Items gauging exposure to 30 rap music videos with different body size ratings were used to measure exposure to thin-ideal images among a sample of 111 Black female undergraduate students. Findings show that there was no main effect of exposure to thin-ideal rap videos on Black women's body image disturbance. Instead, the impact of media exposure was shaped by viewers' strength of ethnic identity. For Black women with stronger ethnic identity, viewing thin-ideal rap videos was related to less body dissatisfaction, less drive for thinness, and lower bulimia action tendencies. For Black women with weaker ethnic identity, reverse results were observed. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Observation Impact during the North Atlantic TReC—2003

An adjoint-based method is used to calculate the impact of observation data on a measure of short-range forecast error in the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) during November and December 2003. The evaluated observations include all regular satellite and in situ data assimilated in the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS) at 1800 UTC, and also targeted dropsonde profiles provided by the North Atlantic Observing-System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Regional Campaign (NA-TReC) field program. Commerical aircraft observations account for 46% of the total forecast error reduction by observations in the NA-TReC domain, which includes the North Atlantic and adjacent regions of North America and Europe. Targeted dropsonde data have high impact per observation, but the impact of all dropsonde data is less than 2% of the total during the 2-month study period. Eight of 12 targeted dropsonde cases reduce forecast error. The percent of total impact for other observations assimilated at 1800 UTC in the NA-TReC domain is as follows: Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) radiances (16%), satellite winds (14%), land surface data (9%), radiosondes (8%), and ship-surface data (5%). If observations over the entire global domain are evaluated, the largest impact of data provided at 1800 UTC during November and December 2003 is provided by AMSU-A radiance data (48% of total).
Laterality Preference Patterns of Learning Disabled Children.

This study concerned the prediction of group membership of 40 learning disabled and 40 normal children on the basis of preference for laterality of the children and of their parents. A stepwise discriminant analysis showed maternal and paternal lateral preferences could correctly identify approximately 85% of the cases. Orthogonal contrasts showed that, although children themselves did not differ in the degree of laterality, parents of learning disabled children were significantly more bilateral in their preference patterns than normals.
From better understood pathogenesis to superior molecular imaging, and back...

Molecular imaging is a unique research discipline with the potential to detect disease in pre-clinical and early stages. It integrates fields of clinical medicine, cell biology, and signal transduction for appropriate selection of target to be imaged, and synthetic chemistry and imaging sciences for
Step-change versus gradient lithium buffers for single-column chromatography of complex amino acid mixtures.

Abstract Separation of more than fifty acidic, neutral, and basic amino acids, including asparagine and glutamine was achieved on a single 60 × 0.9 cm column of spherical resin using lithium citrate buffers. Usefully improved resolution results from a gradient vs. a step-change buffer system. Some limitations of the methods especially with complex natural samples having numerous unknowns and variable concentrations, are considered. Elution positions of additional less common amino acids are given.
Comparison of Seismic Responses of Geosynthetically Reinforced Walls with Tire-Derived Aggregates and Granular Backfills

AbstractThis paper reports the seismic responses of geosynthetically reinforced walls with two types of backfills using shake table tests. The backfills are tire-derived aggregates (TDA) and poorly graded sand, respectively. Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls with reinforced TDA backfill have not been fully tested under seismic conditions. In this study, two geosynthetically reinforced walls are tested on a one-dimensional shake table. A section of reduced-scale MSE wall (1.6 m high, 1.5 m deep, and 1.5 m long) is built in a box that is anchored on a shake table that can generate earthquake excitations obtained from actual field recordings. Layers of geogrid are used as reinforcement. The geosynthetic reinforcement is based on static external and internal stability design. In each test, the segmental MSE wall is instrumented with accelerometers, linear variable differential transformers, linear potentiometers, and dynamic soil stress gauges to record the accelerations, wall vertical deformations, h...