cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parenteral nutrition, brain glycogen, and food intake

To determine whether brain glycogen concentrations change during parenteral nutrition, Fischer 344 rats with jugular vein catheters received 0.9 N saline or parenteral nutrition providing 100% of daily calories (PN-100). Rats were killed after 4 days of PN-100 and serially after PN-100 was stopped. Food intake decreased during PN-100 to approximately 15% of control, but total kilocalories eaten and infused over the 4-day PN-100 period was approximately 130% of control. Food intake of PN-100 rats remained low for 3-4 days post-PN-100. At the end of the 4-day PN-100 period, plasma glucose and insulin (P = 0.01) and whole brain glycogen (P < 0.005) were higher than but similar to control within 24 h of PN-100 being stopped. When PN-100 rats were not allowed to eat during the infusion period, plasma glucose was lower, plasma insulin higher, and brain glycogen content the same as in control rats after 4 days of PN-100. The increased brain glycogen was the likely consequence of the hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia during PN-100 and was not causally associated with the reduced food intake either during or immediately after PN-100.
Gamma-Ray Bursts

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are bright flashes of gamma-rays coming from the cosmos. They occur roughly once per day ,last typically lOs of seconds and are the most luminous events in the universe. More than three decades after their discovery, and after pioneering advances from space and ground experiments, they still remain mysterious. The launch of the Swift and Fermi satellites in 2004 and 2008 brought in a trove of qualitatively new data. In this review we survey the interplay between these recent observations and the theoretical models of the prompt GRB emission and the subsequent afterglows.
Relationships of Infant Birth Size to Maternal Lipoproteins, Apoproteins, Fuels, Hormones, Clinical Chemistries, and Body Weight at 36 Weeks Gestation

It has been hypothesized that plasma triglyceride fatty acids may traverse the placenta and contribute to infant adiposity particularly in GDM pregnancy. It has also been hypothesized that high-density lipoproteins (HDL) can both deliver cholesterol to and remove cholesterol from the placenta. To determine if these maternal parameters are related to fetal growth in normal pregnancy, we have examined relationships of lipoprotein lipids, apoproteins, hormones, fuels, clinical chemistries, and maternal weight at 36 wk gestation to infant birth weight, birth weight ratio (birth weight corrected for gestational age), birth length, and head circumference in a cohort of pregnant women attending a prepaid health plan, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound. Associations were examined using a multivariate regression analysis of several groups of related variables. Results show that the birth weight and/or birth weight ratio are weakly positively associated with maternal very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride and statistically significantly positively associated with apoprotein A-I, placental lactogen, estradiol, bilirubin, and maternal prepregnancy weight and pregnancy weight gain. Glucose and insulin predict birth weight only in pairwise analysis. Significant negative predictors of birth weight or birth weight ratio include VLDL cholesterol, apoprotein A-II, SGOT, and creatinine. Significant positive predictors of birth length include apoproteins A-I, placental lactogen, and maternal weight. Apoprotein A-II negatively predicts birth length. Only maternal prepregnancy weight predicts head circumference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Virus (Herpes Simplex, Vaccinia) Studies in Embryonated Eggs with Radioactive Phosphorus.

Conclusions1. The following observations were made on basic methods of using P32 in biological studies: a. P32 as received from Oak Ridge is usually sterile but penicillin and streptomycin can be added before direct inoculation into eggs to obviate autoclaving procedures potentially dangerous to laboratory personnel, b. Glassware and needles used for virus work can be decontaminated of P32 in 2-4 days with hot sodium metaphosphate (CalgoniteR) solutions, c. Simple methods of handling and storing millicurie amounts of P32 in biological materials are described. 2. Radioactive phosphorus is of relatively low toxicity for chick embryos; 500-1000 μc per egg is not lethal in 72 hours. 3. P32 injected into the yolk sac appears in a 100-fold greater concentration in the allantoic fluid than in the amniotic fluid in 24-96 hours. 4. The partition of P32 in the egg fluids is the same for 8-or 9- or 10-day-old embryos with periods of incubation of 24-96 hours following inoculation. 5. Following infection with herpes ...
Exploration On Jiang Zemin's Interest Outlook of the People

Jiang Zemin's interest outlook of the people has deep theoretical origins.It has inherited and developed the important thoughts on interest outlook of people of Marx,Engels,Lienin,Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping,while possessing the characteristics of distinct era and scientific contents.In the new period,to build the well-off society comprehensively,probe into Jiang Zemin's interest outlook of the people thoroughly is of great theoretical significance and practical value for us to carry out and practise the Important Thought of Three Represents,and keep up persistently the advanced traits of the CPC.
Evaluation of the efficiency of transcatheter closure of children's patent ductus arteriosus

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of transcatheter closure of children's patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) by three mathods (Coil,Amplatzer and Porstmann methods) in 22 patients ,mean age ( 5.9 ± 4.0 ) years old.Methods Mean echo diameter of PDA was ( 3.5 ± 0.9 ) mm ( 1.9 ～ 5.2 mm),included 6 patients by Amplazer method, 10 patients by coil method and 6 patients by porstmann method. Echocardiograms were obtained in the third day before and after operation,1 month and 6 months after operation, respectively.Results A small shunt was detected in 2 patients in the third day after operation.But it disappeared after 1 month and the all cases were succeeded after 6 months.Echocardiography showed the diameter of left atrium, left ventricle, and pulmonary artery were decreased significantly in all patients(P 0.001 ).Conclusions Transcatheter closure of children's PDA is a safe and effective method for treatment of congenital heart desease.
Kepler WebView

Modern web technologies facilitate the creation of high-quality data visualizations, and rich, interactive components across a wide variety of devices. Scientific workflow systems can greatly benefit from these technologies by giving scientists a better understanding of their data or model leading to new insights. While several projects have enabled web access to scientific workflow systems, they are primarily organized as a large portal server encapsulating the workflow engine. In this vision paper, we propose the design for Kepler WebView, a lightweight framework that integrates web technologies with the Kepler Scientific Workflow System. By embedding a web server in the Kepler process, Kepler WebView enables a wide variety of usage scenarios that would be difficult or impossible using the portal model.
Critical Inquiry into STEM Education

In this chapter, we offer a detailed, rigorous inquiry into STEM education policy that uses philosophical methods resting primarily on the philosophical categories: axiology ontology, and epistemology. In a deep exploration of the what, why, and how of STEM, we employ a unique approach rooted in the work of philosopher Alain Badiou. To begin, we review his writings on mathematics and set theory in particular, as this will launch our exploration. After which, we detail our approach in selecting and analyzing STEM policy documents. The inquiry and analysis reveal the revolutionary potential in STEM education, something that might not be intended by policy but exists nonetheless.
Recognizing patterns of leisure constraints: an extension of the exploration of dimensionality.

This paper tests Jackson's (1993) conceptualization of the dimensionality of leisure constraints by seeking to examine his findings on the importance of viewing constraints from an “aggregated” per...
Acute Pulmonary Manifestations of Hematologic Malignancies

Acute pulmonary manifestations unfortunately often present as serious complications for patients with hematologic malignancies. The timing of the pulmonary illness in relation to the diagnosis, treatment, and immunological status of the patient is of utmost importance when attempting to determine a differential diagnosis. Such complications can generally be classified as infectious versus noninfectious (Table 7.1). Infectious complications require prompt anti-infective treatments while utilizing investigative studies such as computed tomography (CT), serologic analysis, sputum analysis and at times bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). A study found the causative agents to be a bacterial organism in 41.3 % of patients, while fungi affected 23.8 % and viruses 28.6 % (Kim et al., Ann Hematol. 94:153–159, 2015). The infectious complications of hematological malignancies such as bacterial, viral, and fungal pneumonias are detailed below. Noninfectious etiologies such as pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage, pulmonary leukostasis, and treatment related illnesses can cause significant morbidity and mortality as well. Often a thorough history and physical of the patient can illuminate the cause and subsequent required treatments in a patient with a hematologic malignancy that is presenting with acute pulmonary symptoms.
Beacon placement for range-based indoor localization

In this paper, we address the problem of range-based beacon placement given a floor plan to support indoor localization systems. Existing approaches for trilateration require three or more beacons to determine a unique position solution. We show that with prior knowledge of the map and a model of beacon coverage, it is possible to uniquely localize with only two beacons. This not only reduces installation cost by requiring fewer nodes, but can also improve robustness. One of the main challenges with respect to beacon placement algorithms is defining a metric for estimating performance. We propose augmenting the commonly used Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) metric to account for indoor spaces. We then use this enhanced GDOP metric as part of a toolchain to compare various beacon placement algorithms in terms of coverage and expected accuracy. When applied to a set of real floor plans, our approach is able to reduce the number of beacons between 22% and 60% (33% on an average) as compared to standard trilateration.
High-speed micro-scale laser shock peening using a fiber laser (Conference Presentation)

Laser shock peening using low-energy nanosecond (ns) fiber lasers was investigated in this study to realize high-speed micro-scale laser shock peening on selected positions without causing surface damage. Due to the employment of a fiber laser with high-frequency and prominent environmental adaptability, the laser peening system is able to work with a much higher speed compared to traditional peening systems using Nd:YAG lasers and is promising for in-situ applications in harsh environments. Detailed surface morphology investigations both on sacrificial coatings and Al alloy surfaces after the fiber laser peening revealed the effects of focal position, pulse duration, peak power density, and impact times. Micro-dent arrays were also obtained with different spot-to-spot distances. Obvious micro-hardness improvement was observed inside the laser-peening-induced microdents after the fiber laser shock peening.
Production and nutritional composition of white worms Enchytraeus albidus fed different low-cost feeds

Abstract The marine oligochaete, white worm, Enchytraeus albidus (Henle, 1837), was evaluated as a potential live feed by exploring its production capacity and nutritional composition fed coffee grounds, spent brewing grains, stale bread, mixed produce, or sugar kelp over the course of 6-, 9-, or 12-week production cycles. Feed type and production cycle duration affected white worm biomass, reproductive potential, and proximate and fatty acid composition. In general, white worm cultures fed coffee grounds, stale bread, and spent brewing grains had higher production yields than cultures fed mixed produce or sugar kelp. Dependent on feeds and production cycle duration, white worms were high in protein (49–69%) and lipids (10–27%) and low in ash (5–8%), indicating that they would meet the dietary needs of species requiring a high protein, relatively high lipid, low ash diet. Compared to fatty acid profiles reported for standard live feeds like rotifers, Artemia , and copepods, white worms provided less n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content (DHA 0–0.5%, EPA 2–18%, total LC-PUFAs 4–25%), with the highest levels in worms fed mixed produce or sugar kelp. White worms exhibit many attractive characteristics as feeds, but commercialization will require improved culture techniques to produce greater worm biomass while reducing production costs. Depending on the target species, white worms may need enrichment to increase n-3 LC-PUFA levels.
The role of S100A9 in distinguishing malignant melanoma from dysplastic and common nevi

Increased S A expression has been found at the deep invasive edge of melanomas as well as in the upper layers of the epidermis above and bordering melanomas However no studies to date have examined the potential clinical utility of using S A to differentiate between nevi and melanoma The aim of this study is to examine S A IHC expression in common nevi dysplastic nevi and melanomas in order to determine whether the S A marker could help distinguish these lesions
From the Sixties Scoop to Baby Veronica: Transracial Adoption of Indigenous Children in the USA and Canada

Since the 1960s, Native people in the United States and Canada have experienced both widely differing and highly similar governmental policies regarding child welfare, education, and transracial adoption. During the past fifty years public policies related to those issues have changed dramatically in both societies. Considering childrearing practices among reserve dwellers inadequate, between the 1960s and 1980s, Canadian welfare officials seized babies of First Nations women and placed them for adoption in the homes of Canadian and American non-Native families. Critics labeled these efforts the “Sixties Scoop.” In the United States a more limited transracial program operated until the late 1960s. The one major exception of a Cherokee girl being adopted by a South Carolina family led to the 2013 Supreme Court ruling Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl (the Baby Veronica case). This chapter compares and contrasts how these programs functioned in the two nations, and how opponents persuaded each government to halt the transracial adoption programs.
Pyridostigmine for the Reversal of Severe Adverse Reactions to Botulinum Toxin in Children

Therapeutic botulinum toxin injections are commonly performed in pediatric otolaryngology. Aerodigestive complications from botulinum toxin injections, although rare, may be serious. Oral pyridostigmine is effective in the symptomatic treatment of these complications. We report 2 cases of aerodigestive complications arising from injection of botulinum toxin that were successfully treated with pyridostigmine.
Increased complications in pediatric surgery are associated with comorbidities and not with Down syndrome itself.

BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition associated with multiple comorbidities. While physicians may perceive that DS patients have more postoperative complications, the literature remains unclear. This study compared postoperative complications for children with and without DS who underwent abdominal and thoracic procedures. METHODS The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric was queried for patients aged <18 years, who underwent abdominal and noncardiac thoracic operations (by Current Procedural Terminology codes) from 2012 to 2015. The analysis compared patients based on the presence or absence of DS. The primary outcome was a composite of all postoperative complications as defined by the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric. The analysis utilized chi-square, Student's t-test, and univariate and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS There were 91,478 patients included, of which 1476 (1.6%) had a diagnosis of DS. Patients with DS had higher rates of preoperative nutritional support (38.8% versus 15.0%), developmental delay (61.9% versus 10.4%), and cardiac risk factors (76.5% versus 13.8%). The overall rate of postoperative complications was 11.1%, with a greater proportion in DS patients (16.2% versus 10.8%, P < 0.001). On univariate analysis, DS was associated with increased odds of postoperative complications (odds ratio 1.6 95% confidence interval 1.4-1.9) compared with the non-DS group; however, DS was not a risk factor after adjusting for other covariates (adjusted odds ratio 0.86 95% confidence interval 0.7-1.1). CONCLUSIONS A higher proportion of postoperative complications were observed in patients with DS. However, after adjusting for other risk factors, DS was not an independent risk factor. The increased rate of complications is likely related to the presence of multiple comorbidities in DS.
Food Chains and Fisheries: An Assessment After 20 Years

Oceanic food chain research has been notably unsuccessful in predicting fish yield, chiefly because of inadequate methods for determining primary production and for the lack of data on transfer efficiencies between steps in food chains. Methods have improved in recent years in assessing primary production (both recycled and new) but the state of the science does not yet permit grand means of primary production to be assigned to the world’s oceans nor for them to be used to predict fisheries yield.
Halo formation due to beam-beam interactions of beams optically mismatched at injection

In this paper, we report on the halo formation and emittance growth driven by a parametric resonance during beam-beam collisions with optically mismatched injection. In the regime of the weak-strong beam-beam interaction, if two beams have the same machine tunes, on-axis head-on collisions between a mismatched strong beam and a weak beam will not cause the formation of halo. However, if the two beams collide with an initial offset, the beam-beam force from the mismatched strong beam can cause halo formation and emittance growth in the weak beam. Meanwhile, if two beams have different machine tunes, for opposite charged colliding beams, when the machine tune of the weak beam is smaller than that of the strong beam, there is emittance growth in the weak beam. When the machine tune of the weak beam is larger than that of the strong beam, there is little emittance growth. In the regime of the strong-strong beam-beam interaction, halo is formed in both beams even when the two beams collide head-on on the axis with equal machine tunes. This puts a strong requirement for a good beam match during the injection to colliders in order to avoid emittance growth if there are no other mechanisms after the injection to decohere the mismatched envelope oscillation.
CRUSTACEAN LARVAL BEHAVIOR AS AN INDICATOR OF SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF AN INSECT JUVENILE HORMONE MIMIC

ABSTRACT Both swimming speed and phototaxis by larvae of the crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii were monitored upon exposure to the insect juvenile hormone mimic MON-0585 in order to determine their potential as behavioral indicators of sublethal effects. Under the experimental rearing conditions (25°C and 25%°°) concentrations above 1.0 ppm caused reduced developmental survivorship. At all zoeal stages (I-IV) neither swimming speeds nor phototaxis for the acetone control treated larvae differed from those for untreated larvae. The lowest concentrations at which a 24-hour exposure to MON-0585 caused swimming speeds to be significantly greater than those for the acetone controls were 0.1 ppm for stage I, 0.5 ppm for stages II and III and 1.0 ppm for stage IV. Continuous exposure to 0.1 ppm and lower concentrations caused significantly faster swimming only at 0.1 ppm in stage II; stages III and IV were normal. The lowest concentrations that caused altered phototaxis after a 24 hr. exposure were 0.5 ppm for stages I and IV and 0.1 ppm for stages II and III. Upon continuous exposure, altered phototaxis occurred only at 0.1 ppm for stage II; stages III and IV were normal. Thus, both swimming speed and phototaxis are altered by MON-0585 at sublethal concentrations. Stage II zoea appear to be most sensitive, and concentrations below 0.1 ppm have no effect upon the measured behaviors.
Estimation of film boiling heat transfer coefficients for cylindrical heaters in corresponding states fluids

Recent work in the nucleate-boiling region [1–7] indicates that the effect of the physical properties of fluids which follow the law of corresponding states to a high degree of accuracy can be specified by a reduced variable (reduced temperature, reduced pressure, or reduced volume) in correlations. This paper presents a correlation procedure where the effect of the boiling fluids physical properties is determined by a reduced pressure.
Compact Sobolev embeddings and positive solutions to a quasilinear equation with mixed nonlinearities

Abstract In this paper, we study the existence and multiplicity results of nontrivial positive solutions to the following quasilinear elliptic equation on R N , when N ≥ 2 , − Δ p u = λ K ( x ) u r − 1 − V ( x ) u q − 1 . Here, K ( x ) , V ( x ) > 0 are suitable potentials, 1 p r q ∞ , and λ > 0 is a parameter. To study this problem, some compact embedding results regarding M V q , p ( R N ) ↪ L K r ( R N ) are proved that unify and extend some recent results of the author [12] , [13] , [14] .
Estimated Change in Prevalence and Trends of Childhood Blood Pressure Levels in the United States After Application of the 2017 AAP Guideline

Introduction Childhood hypertension is associated with higher risks of cardiovascular disease during adulthood. This study estimated the prevalence of hypertension and high blood pressure among children aged 8 to 17 years in the United States per the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guideline and compared that with the 2004 National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH/NHLBI) guideline's prevalence estimate during 2005-2008 and 2013-2016. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. High blood pressure included hypertension and elevated blood pressure (per the 2017 AAP guideline)/prehypertension (per the 2004 NIH/NHLBI guideline). Results The analysis included 3,633 children in 2005-2008 and 3,471 children in 2013-2016. Per the 2004 NIH/NHLBI guideline, 3.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3%-4.3%) had hypertension in 2005-2008 and 1.9% (95% CI, 1.4%-2.6%) had hypertension in 2013-2016. Per the 2017 AAP guideline, prevalence was 5.7% (95% CI, 4.6%-7.1%) in 2005-2008 and 3.5% (95% CI, 2.7%-4.5%) in 2013-2016. About 2.5% (95% CI, 2.0%-3.1%) children in 2005-2008 and 1.5% (95% CI, 0.9%-2.0%) children in 2013-2016 were reclassified as hypertensive. We observed a similar change in prevalence for high blood pressure after application of the new guideline. The prevalence of high blood pressure also declined from 2005-2008 to 2013-2016 per both guidelines. Conclusion Although the new guideline would reclassify a small proportion of children as having hypertension or high blood pressure, the prevalence declined from 2005-2008 to 2013-2016.
Workplace Smoke-Free Policies and Cessation Programs Among U.S. Working Adults

Introduction Workplace tobacco control interventions reduce smoking and secondhand smoke exposure among U.S. workers. Data on smoke-free workplace policy coverage and cessation programs by industry and occupation are limited. This study assessed smoke-free workplace policies and employer-offered cessation programs among U.S. workers, by industry and occupation. Methods Data from the 2014–2015 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, a random sample of the civilian, non-institutionalized population, were analyzed in 2018. Self-reported smoke-free policy coverage and employer-offered cessation programs were assessed among working adults aged ≥18 years, overall and by occupation and industry. Respondents were considered to have a 100% smoke-free policy if they indicated smoking was not permitted in any indoor areas of their workplace, and to have a cessation program if their employer offered any stop-smoking program within the past year. Results Overall, 80.3% of indoor workers reported having smoke-free policies at their workplace and 27.2% had cessation programs. Smoke-free policy coverage was highest among workers in the education services (90.6%) industry and lowest among workers in agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting industry (64.1%). Employer-offered cessation programs were significantly higher among workers reporting 100% smoke-free workplace policies (30.9%) than those with partial/no policies (23.3%) and were significantly higher among indoor workers (29.2%) than outdoor workers (15.0%). Conclusions Among U.S. workers, 100% smoke-free policy and cessation program coverage varies by industry and occupation. Lower smoke-free policy coverage and higher tobacco use in certain industry and occupation groups suggests opportunities for workplace tobacco control interventions to reduce tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure.
On the thermo-mechanical coupling of the Bammann plasticity-damage internal state variable model

In this study, thermodynamic incompatibility issues of the thermo-mechanical coupling of the Bammann-temperature-dependent plasticity-damage internal state variable (ISV) model are investigated. The exclusion of the thermal expansion phenomena from the Helmholtz free energy, as assumed in the model, is proven to contradict the First and Second Law of Thermodynamics, as well as the omnipresence principle. Four different approaches are discussed to address those issues, and the inclusion of the thermal expansion as a dependent variable in the Helmholtz free energy is considered the most appropriate and efficient. Based on these findings, a multiphysics ISV theory that couples the elasto-visco-plasticity-damage model of Bammann with thermal expansion is presented in which the kinematics, thermodynamics, and kinetics are internally consistent. Other material models may benefit from the findings of this study and apply similar modifications with their thermo-mechanical couplings.
Belladonna alkaloid-sedative mixture; effects on gastric acidity and motility.

1. An antispasmodic sedative mixture, Donnatal, was tested experimentally and clinically in a small group of patients for its effect on gastric secretion, gastric motility, and clinical symptoms.
Scoping Review of Entrustable Professional Activities in Undergraduate Medical Education.

PurposeEntrustable professional activities (EPAs) are a hot topic in undergraduate medical education (UME); however, the usefulness of EPAs as an assessment approach remains unclear. The authors sought to better understand the literature on EPAs in UME through the lens of the 2010 Ottawa Conference
Подходы К Администрированию Ндс в Европейском Союзе и Выводы Для Таможенного Союза (Approaches to the Administration of Vat in the European Union and its Implications for the Customs Union)

Russian Abstract: В работе описаны основные правила и подходы к администрированию в рамках системы налога на добавленную стоимость в Европейском союзе, рассматриваются перспективы развития данной системы, а также целесообразность применения соответствующих подходов в практике Евразийского экономического союза. Особое внимание уделено вопросам налогообложения при оказании электронных услуг.English Abstract: This paper concerns the basic rules of and the approaches to tax administration in the VAT system of the European Union, addresses the future scenarios for this system and discusses the suitability of approaches used in the EU for Eurasian Economic Union. Special attention is paid to taxation of electronic services.
Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Greater than 90 Years of Age: Experience in 26 Patients in a Large Tertiary Care Center and Outcome Comparison with Younger Patients.

Background Several independent randomized controlled trials have shown superior efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, elderly patients have been underrepresented or excluded in these trials. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of MT in patients with AIS ≥90 years old. Methods A retrospective review was performed of patients ≥90 years old presenting with AIS who underwent MT between 2010 and 2018. Results Of 453 patients with AIS, 5.74% (n = 26) were ≥90 years old, and 69.32% (n = 314) were 60–89 years old. Of baseline characteristics between both groups, there was a significant difference in age, sex, body mass index, smoking, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes mellitus. Mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on admission was higher in the nonagenarians (17 vs. 15). Similar proportions of both groups received tissue plasminogen activator, 57.69% (n = 15) versus 42.68% (n = 134), P = 0.14). There was no difference in periprocedural and postprocedural complications, good Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction scores (88.46% [n = 23] vs. 87.58% [n = 275], P = 1.00), good modified Rankin Scale scores (34.62% [n = 4] vs. 49.36% [n = 155], P = 0.40), or mortality (11.54% [n = 3] vs. 13.06% [n = 41], P = 0.82). Conclusions Age is a factor that affects functional outcome following MT. Advancements in catheter techniques, technical experience, and great outcomes with MT allow for pushing the boundaries to consider age as one factor, rather than an exclusion criterion. Our results show that MT is safe and feasible in nonagenarians.
Solid-state NMR investigations of the glycosidic linkage in α-α′ trehalose

Abstract The sugar trehalose is known to play a central role in the desiccation tolerance of many organisms. Essential to trehalose's role are its glass forming abilities and ability to directly interact with lipid molecules. Detailed information on the structure and dynamics of glassy trehalose and its interactions with lipids, however, have been elusive. We have used solid-state NMR and ab initio quantum mechanical methods (Gaussian 94) in order to characterize the possible molecular conformations of trehalose. Using a simplified structure (2-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy) tetrahydropyran) as a model we have calculated the energy and 13 C magnetic shielding parameters as a function of the two glycosidic torsion angles. Combining ab initio derived maps and using the 13 C lineshape as constraints we were able to construct the torsion angle distribution map for α-α′ trehalose. We believe measurements of 13 C isotropic chemical shift and other solid-state NMR tensor parameter distributions in combination with ab initio methods can prove useful in identifying sources of structural disorder in glassy trehalose. By monitoring these structural distributions new information about the membrane surface associative properties of trehalose and other sugars should be accessible.
Women Continue to Be Underrepresented in Surgery: A Study of AMA and ACGME Data from 2000 to 2016.

Objective In the past decade women have comprised nearly half of U.S. medical school graduates. However, women remain underrepresented among surgical residents and practicing surgeons. We conducted the current study to assess recent trends in the female-to-male (F:M) ratios among residents and physicians pursuing careers in surgery. Design We used retrospective population statistics published by the American Medical Association and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education from 2000 to 2016. We compared trends of female-to-male ratios among residents and surgeons in surgical subspecialties to evaluate for potential differences over time. Setting Published online population statistics. Participants We stratified both board-certified surgeons and surgical residents by sex and specialty. Results From 2000 to 2013, the proportion of female surgeons among all female physicians remained constant (12%-13%). The proportion of board-certified female surgeons to all surgeons increased (from 15% in 2000 to 25% in 2013). The F:M ratios of board-certified surgeons in neurosurgery and orthopedic surgery were 1:10.6 and 1:13.9, with resident ratios 1:4.8 and 1:5.9, respectively. One specialty with increasingly equivalent ratios is plastic surgery with integrated resident F:M ratios of 1:3.1 in 2008 to 1:1.4 in 2015, and board-certified plastic surgeons of 1:9.2 in 2008 to 1:5.3 in 2013. Conclusion Although the gender gap is narrowing, women continue to be underrepresented in surgical specialties. It is important for fields with disproportionate representation to be aware of these differences and take steps toward creating and supporting a more diverse workforce.
Weight loss response following lifestyle intervention associated with baseline gut metagenomic signature in humans

We report a weight-loss response analysis on a small cohort of individuals (N=25) selected from a larger population (N~5,000) enrolled in a commercial scientific wellness program, which included healthy lifestyle coaching. Each individual had baseline data on blood metabolomics, blood proteomics, clinical labs, lifestyle questionnaires, and stool metagenomes. A subset of these participants (N=15) lost at least 10% of their body weight within a 6-12 month period and saw significant improvement in metabolic health markers (9weight loss9 group), while another subset of individuals (N=10) undergoing the same lifestyle intervention showed no change in BMI over the same timeframe (9no weight loss9 group). Only a single baseline blood analyte, a metabolite linked to fried food consumption, was (negatively) associated with weight loss, but a large number of baseline stool metagenomic features, including complex polysaccharide and protein degradation genes, stress-response genes, respiration-related genes, cell wall synthesis genes, and gut bacterial replication rates, were significantly associated with weight loss after explicitly controlling for baseline BMI. Together, these results provide a set of baseline gut microbiome functional features that are associated with weight loss outcomes.
A brief report of the prevalence of chronic and acute health conditions among blind American adults.

Abstract Background Prior research demonstrates disparities in the prevalence of certain chronic and acute health conditions among persons who are blind (PWB) compared to non-blind persons, such as diabetes and infectious diseases. However, a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of chronic and acute health conditions among PWB is currently lacking. Objective The present study addressed this gap by examining the prevalence of chronic and acute conditions among blind persons, and examining differences by gender. Methods The present study surveyed 410 PWB residing in the U.S. about their health conditions and activities. Lifetime prevalence for eight chronic and six acute health conditions were estimated separately for men and women. Engagement in physical activity, regular use of medication, and satisfaction with health were also estimated. Results We found that men more often reported their health conditions interfered with daily activities compared to women, as well as higher prevalence of stroke and arthritis compared to women. Conclusion The current study contributes information that is vital to understanding the burden of specific health conditions on this population and necessary to understand the extent to which this burden disproportionately affects PWB.
Pulmonary actinomycosis and marijuana vaping

A 33-year-old man without significant medical history presented to the emergency department with a 6-month history of fatigue and 30 pounds of unintentional weight loss, with a recent cough and fever over the past week. He recalled two similar illnesses during college that did not require medical care. He denied tobacco use but reported inhaling marijuana 1–2 times daily over the past year with a vaping device. Physical exam was notable for a temperature of 100.0°F and an elevated blood pressure at 161/77 mm Hg. He was diaphoretic with clear breath sounds bilaterally. Chest imaging revealed diffuse ground glass opacities with subpleural sparing and mildly enlarged hilar lymph nodes. Bronchoscopy with transbronchial lung biopsies and needle aspirate of lymph nodes revealed organising pneumonia, and subsequent cultures grew Actinomyces odontolyticus. He was treated with amoxicillin and corticosteroids with subsequent resolution on repeat chest imaging.
A Rare Case of Spinal Cord Injury Following Thoracic Radiofrequency Ablation.

Medial branch radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become a common treatment for facet-related back pain. While this procedure is often performed in the lumbar and cervical spinal segments, it can also be applied to the thoracic spine. Complications of spinal RFA at any level are scarce in the literature and are often mild. The patient is a 37-year-old male with a family history of multiple sclerosis in his siblings who underwent thoracic RFA at the T2-T5 nerve root levels. Within one week of the procedure, the patient experienced paresthesias below the nipple line and progressive lower-extremity weakness. He was also found to exhibit urinary retention on presentation to our facility one month later. MRI showed focal cord short T1 inversion recovery (STIR) signal abnormality at the T3-T4 level, favored to represent myelomalacia. An extensive laboratory and imaging workup was otherwise unrevealing. The patient was treated with neuromodulators and a short course of inpatient rehabilitation. One year later, he used knee-ankle-foot orthoses for ambulating short distances and a manual wheelchair for longer distances, and he no longer required intermittent catheterization for bladder management. This case presents a rare and unusual timeline of symptom evolution, laboratory findings, and imaging results that do not unveil a clear pathophysiological mechanism, which led to the patient's spinal cord injury. The clinical level of injury based on the patient's symptoms and location of myelomalacia on MRI, however, strongly support a causative contribution by the thoracic RFA procedure.
Multimodal deep learning enhances diagnostic precision in left ventricular hypertrophy

Abstract Determining the etiology of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) can be challenging due to the similarity in clinical presentation and cardiac morphological features of diverse causes of disease. In particular, distinguishing individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) from the much larger set of individuals with manifest or occult hypertension (HTN) is of major importance for family screening and the prevention of sudden death. We hypothesized that deep learning based joint interpretation of 12 lead electrocardiograms and echocardiogram videos could augment physician interpretation. We chose not to train on proximate data labels such as physician over-reads of ECGs or echocardiograms but instead took advantage of electronic health record derived clinical blood pressure measurements and diagnostic consensus (often including molecular testing) among physicians in an HCM center of excellence. Using over 18,000 combined instances of electrocardiograms and echocardiograms from 2,728 patients, we developed LVH-Fusion. On held-out test data, LVH-Fusion achieved an F1-score of 0.71 in predicting HCM, and 0.96 in predicting HTN. In head-to-head comparison with human readers LVH-Fusion had higher sensitivity and specificity rates than its human counterparts. Finally, we use explainability techniques to investigate local and global features that positively and negatively impact LVH-Fusion prediction estimates providing confirmation from unsupervised analysis the diagnostic power of lateral T wave inversion on the ECG and proximal septal hypertrophy on the echocardiogram for HCM. In conclusion, these results show that deep learning can provide effective physician augmentation in the face of a common diagnostic dilemma with far reaching implications for the prevention of sudden cardiac death.
Applying structurational divergence theory to climate change adaptation in a localized context: understanding adaptive potential of coffee producers in Risaralda, Colombia

Climate change impacts threaten farmers’ livelihoods and global food security. Adaptation to climate change can protect both farmers and our food supply. Structurational divergence theory (SD theor...
Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer Fundamentals

Essentials the mass balances the energy balances the momentum balances application of dimensional analysis momentum transfer in fluids heat transfer models mass transfer model. Appendices: vector and tensor operations error function nomenclature.
Solution-Processed Transistors Using Colloidal Nanocrystals with Composition-Matched Molecular “Solders”: Approaching Single Crystal Mobility

Crystalline silicon-based complementary metal-oxide–semiconductor transistors have become a dominant platform for today’s electronics. For such devices, expensive and complicated vacuum processes are used in the preparation of active layers. This increases cost and restricts the scope of applications. Here, we demonstrate high-performance solution-processed CdSe nanocrystal (NC) field-effect transistors (FETs) that exhibit very high carrier mobilities (over 400 cm2/(V s)). This is comparable to the carrier mobilities of crystalline silicon-based transistors. Furthermore, our NC FETs exhibit high operational stability and MHz switching speeds. These NC FETs are prepared by spin coating colloidal solutions of CdSe NCs capped with molecular solders [Cd2Se3]2– onto various oxide gate dielectrics followed by thermal annealing. We show that the nature of gate dielectrics plays an important role in soldered CdSe NC FETs. The capacitance of dielectrics and the NC electronic structure near gate dielectric affect t...
Lean Startup: Opportunity Discovery or Opportunity Creation?

This paper situates lean startup within the debate on whether opportunities are discovered or created. Drawing on complexity theory, lean startup is described as a technique that enables an entrepreneur to search for peaks on a fitness landscape. While much of the lean startup literature characterizes this as a discovery process, we demonstrate that a dancing fitness landscape also resembles opportunity creation. We then explore the implications of this finding for theory and practice.
The Elimination of Export Subsidies and the Future of Net-Food Importing Developing Countries in the WTO

Before providing an overview of the current situation, Section I of this Essay examines past trends in the world agricultural trade in order to demonstrate how the share of the world’s agricultural trade from developing and least-developed countries has stagnated compared to those of the industrialized countries. Section II discusses the factors which have led to this stagnation, including one of the most significant factors — the use of export subsidies, as exemplified by CAP. Section III analyzes the implications of eliminating such protectionism for NFIDCs, which form the main focus of this Essay. Section IV briefly addresses the implementation of the Uruguay Round mandate for removal of export subsidies in industrialized countries. Finally, this Essay concludes by recapitulating the main arguments and analysis within this Essay and offers policy recommendations based on these conclusions. THE ELIMINATION OF EXPORT SUBSIDIES AND THE FUTURE OF NET-FOOD IMPORTING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN THE WTO
A comparison of evaluation networks and collaboration networks in open source software communities

The open source software (OSS) development communities have experienced rapid growth in recent years. Previous social network studies on OSS communities focused on collaboration relationships. However, information about how OSS community members perceive each other is largely ignored. In this study, we report an empirical investigation of the evaluation network in an online OSS community which includes over 11,800 OSS projects and more than 94,330 developers. A collaboration network is modeled from this data set and analyzed for comparison purposes. We find the evaluation network is significantly different from collaboration network in average degree, average path length and fragmentation rate. Furthermore, we argue that the evaluation networks can be used to locate expertise skillful developers in OSS communities and capture important social relationships among the developers missed in the collaboration network. These characteristics of the evaluation network may benefit the research of OSS development communities and expert recommendation systems.
Sensitivity of North American sturgeons and paddlefish to fishing mortality

Sturgeons and paddlefish exhibit unusual combinations of morphology, habits, and life history characteristics, which make them highly vulnerable to impacts from human activities, particularly fisheries. Five North American sturgeons (shortnose, Gulf pallid, Alabama, and green sturgeon) are listed as endangered or threatened by management authorities. Managers have instituted fishery closures for the three other species of North American sturgeons (Atlantic, white. and shovelnose) and paddlefish because of low stock abundance at some point in this century. Reproductive potential in four species 1 examined (Atlantic, white, and shortnose sturgeon, and paddlefish) is more sensitive to fishing mortality than it is for three other intensively-fished coastal species in North America: striped bass. winter flounder, and bluefish. The sturgeons and paddlefish are generally longer-lived than the three other coastal species, and also have an older age at full maturity, lower maximum fecundity values, and older ages at which 50% of the lifetime egg production is realized with no fishing mortality.
Evidence for roles of the Escherichia coli Hda protein beyond regulatory inactivation of DnaA.

Summary The ATP-bound form of the Escherichia coli DnaA protein binds ‘DnaA boxes’ present in the origin of replication (oriC) and operator sites of several genes, including dnaA, to co-ordinate their transcription with initiation of replication. The Hda protein, together with the β sliding clamp, stimulates the ATPase activity of DnaA via a process termed regulatory inactivation of DnaA (RIDA), to regulate the activity of DnaA in DNA replication. Here, we used the mutant dnaN159 strain, which expresses the β159 clamp protein, to gain insight into how the actions of Hda are co-ordinated with replication. Elevated expression of Hda impeded growth of the dnaN159 strain in a Pol II- and Pol IV-dependent manner, suggesting a role for Hda managing the actions of these Pols. In a wild-type strain, elevated levels of Hda conferred sensitivity to nitrofurazone, and suppressed the frequency of −1 frameshift mutations characteristic of Pol IV, while loss of hda conferred cold sensitivity. Using the dnaN159 strain, we identified 24 novel hda alleles, four of which supported E. coli viability despite their RIDA defect. Taken together, these findings suggest that although one or more Hda functions are essential for cell viability, RIDA may be dispensable.