cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A technique for reducing patient setup uncertainties by aligning and verifying daily positioning of a moving tumor using implanted fiducials.

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to validate and implement a methodology in which fiducials implanted in the periphery of lung tumors can be used to reduce uncertainties in tumor location. Methods and Materials : Alignment software that matches marker positions on two-dimensional (2D) kilovoltage portal images to positions on three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography data sets was validated using static and moving phantoms. This software also was used on a patient with fiducials implanted in the periphery of a lung tumor to reduce uncertainties in tumor location. Results : Aligning fiducial locations in orthogonal projection images with corresponding fiducial locations in 3D data sets can be used to position both static and moving phantoms with an accuracy of 1 mm. In a patient, alignment based on fiducial locations reduced systematic errors in the left-right direction by 3 mm and random errors by 2 mm, and random errors in the superior-inferior direction by 3 mm as measured by anterior-posterior cine images. Conclusions : Software that matches fiducial markers on 2D and 3D images is effective for aligning both static and moving fiducials prior to treatment and can be implemented to reduce patient setup uncertainties.
Earth Observing System AM1 mission to Earth

In 1998, NASA launches EOS-AMI, the first of a series of the Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites. EOS will monitor the evolution of the state of the earth for 18 years, starting with the morning observations of EOS-AM1 (10:30 a.m. equatorial crossing time). An integrated view of the earth, as planned by EOS, is needed to study the interchange of energy, moisture, and carbon between the lands, oceans, and atmosphere. The launch of EOS-AM1 and other international satellites marks a new phase of climate and global change research. Both natural and anthropogenic climate change have been studied for more than a century. It is now recognized that processes that vary rapidly in time and space-e.g. aerosol, clouds, land use, and exchanges of energy and moisture-must be considered to adequately explain the temperature record and predict future climate change. Frequent measurements with adequate resolution, as only possible from spacecraft, are key tools in such an effort. The versatile and highly accurate EOS-AM1 data, together with previous satellite records, as well as data from ADEOS, TRMM, SeaWiFS, ATSR, MERIS, ENVISAT, EOS-PM1, Landsat and ground-based networks is expected to revolutionize the way scientists look at climate change. This article introduces the EOS-AM1 mission and the special issue devoted to it. Following a brief historical perspective for an insight into the purpose and objectives of the mission, the authors summarize the characteristics of the five instruments onboard EOS-AM1. Specifically, they concentrate on the innovative elements of these five instruments and provide examples of the science issues that require this type of data.
The impact of community design and land-use choices on public health: a scientific research agenda

The design of a community's built environment influences the physical and mental health of its residents. Because few studies have investigated this relationship, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hosted a workshop in May 2002 to help develop a scientific research agenda on these issues. Workshop participants' areas of expertise included physical activity, injury prevention, air pollution, water quality, urban planning, transportation, architecture, epidemiology, land use, mental health, social capital, housing, and social marketing. This report describes the 37 questions in the resulting research agenda. The next steps are to define priorities and obtain resources. The proposed research will help identify the best practices for designing new communities and revitalizing old ones in ways that promote physical and mental health.
Regulation of Cysteine-Rich Intestinal Protein, a Zinc Finger Protein, by Mediators of the Immune Response

Cysteine-rich intestinal protein (CRIP), a member of the LIM protein family, has a unique double zinc finger motif as the defining feature. CRIP is highly expressed in intestine and immune cells. CRIP transgenic (Tg) mice and nontransgenic controls were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Serum concentrations of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were less while those of interleukin-6 and -10 were greater in the Tg mice following LPS administration. CRIP-overexpressing splenocytes produce the same cytokine profile. These responses are consistent with a regulatory role for this protein in cell differentiation, which produces an imbalance in Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Stimulation of CRIP protein levels by LPS is eliminated in metallothionein knockout mice, suggesting metallothionein is the source of zinc for this zinc finger protein and, further, that this could reflect a relationship to the zinc nutritional status and to the aberrant Th1/Th2 cytokine balance observed in zinc deficiency.
Angle-domain common image gathers by wave-equation migration

Shot- and offset-domain common image gathers encounter problems in complex media. They can place events that come from different points in the subsurface at one subsurface location based on identical arrival times and horizontal slownesses. Angle-domain common image gathers uniquely defineray couples for each point in the subsurface, therefore each event in the data will be associated with only one subsurface location. It is possible to generate angle-domain common image gathers with wave-equation migration methods and these angle-domain common image gathers may be used for velocity analysis and amplitude-versus-angle analysis. Applications of these methods to the Marmousi model are promising.
INFLUENCE OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES ON PHOTOLYSIS OF NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN AQUEOUS SYSTEMS

Results are reported for kinetic studies of the photolysis of 19 nitroaromatic compounds in water. The results indicate that dissolved humic substances in natural waters enhance the sunlight-induced photodegradation rates of nitrobenzenes, nitrotoluenes, and nitroxylenes compared to rates observed in distilled water. The largest enhancements, ranging from 2 to 26-fold, were observed for nitroaromatics that are methylated ortho to the nitro group. Similar enhancement effects were observed for humic substances obtained from a variety of terrigenous sources, including humus in natural waters and humus extracted from soils.
Prenatal Drug Exposure and Social Policy: The Search for an Appropriate Response

Prenatal drug exposure continues to be a controversial topic. Views of what constitutes an appropriate response to drug-exposed infants vary, in large part due to the many complex issues endemic to perinatal substance use. The purpose of this article is to review the controversy surrounding prenatal drug exposure, outline the policy dilemmas that complicate attempts to respond appropriately, review current practice in this area and the effectiveness of those practices, and offer specific recommendations as a starting point for debate. It is suggested that earlier controversy regarding the sequelae of prenatal drug exposure may be decreasing as research identifies specific and subtle deficits in some affected infants. It is also suggested that the postnatal effects of parental substance abuse (e.g., in terms of abuse/neglect, attachment, and development) are the more appropriate focus of child protection efforts, and that different disciplines must collaborate to reach a consensus regarding the nature of these efforts.
A high-gain, modulation-doped photodetector using low-temperature MBE-grown GaAs

In this letter, we report the fabrication and performance of a novel, high gain photodetector. Basically, the device is a modulation-doped field effect transistor (MODFET) structure with its channel region made of low-temperature MBE-grown GaAs. It exhibits an excellent responsivity of 65 A/W at /spl sim/0.87 /spl mu/m and 6.5 A/W at /spl perp/1.0 /spl mu/m. In the sub-bandgap range (0.9-1.3 /spl mu/m) the responsivity of this device is the highest ever reported, to our knowledge, for any GaAs-based device. Thus, the device appears to be ideally suited for applications requiring a high photodetection sensitivity, especially in the 1.3 /spl mu/m wavelength region. Charge separation by the built-in field normal to the heterojunction plane is attributed to be responsible for the gain in the device. >
Acetamido Sugar Biosynthesis in the Euryarchaea

Archaea and eukaryotes share a dolichol phosphate-dependent system for protein N-glycosylation. In both domains, the acetamido sugar N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) forms part of the core oligosaccharide. However, the archaeal Methanococcales produce GlcNAc using the bacterial biosynthetic pathway. Key enzymes in this pathway belong to large families of proteins with diverse functions; therefore, the archaeal enzymes could not be identified solely using comparative sequence analysis. Genes encoding acetamido sugar-biosynthetic proteins were identified in Methanococcus maripaludis using phylogenetic and gene cluster analyses. Proteins expressed in Escherichia coli were purified and assayed for the predicted activities. The MMP1680 protein encodes a universally conserved glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase. The MMP1077 phosphomutase converted α-d-glucosamine-6-phosphate to α-d-glucosamine-1-phosphate, although this protein is more closely related to archaeal pentose and glucose phosphomutases than to bacterial glucosamine phosphomutases. The thermostable MJ1101 protein catalyzed both the acetylation of glucosamine-1-phosphate and the uridylyltransferase reaction with UTP to produce UDP-GlcNAc. The MMP0705 protein catalyzed the C-2 epimerization of UDP-GlcNAc, and the MMP0706 protein used NAD+ to oxidize UDP-N-acetylmannosamine, forming UDP-N-acetylmannosaminuronate (ManNAcA). These two proteins are similar to enzymes used for proteobacterial lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and gram-positive bacterial capsule production, suggesting a common evolutionary origin and a widespread distribution of ManNAcA. UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-ManNAcA biosynthesis evolved early in the euryarchaeal lineage, because most of their genomes contain orthologs of the five genes characterized here. These UDP-acetamido sugars are predicted to be precursors for flagellin and S-layer protein modifications and for the biosynthesis of methanogenic coenzyme B.
Phonons and phase transitions in finite nuclei

The nature and evolution of collectivity and coherence in nuclei is one of the most fundamental issues in nuclear structure and its evolution with N and Z. Despite many experiments, the nature of nuclear vibrational modes in deformed nuclei and the nature of nuclear phase/shape transitions are not at all understood. We discuss new experiments on phonon and multi-phonon states in the rare earth nuclei and on new evidence for phase coexistence in Sm that relates to the possible existence of phase transitional behavior in finite nuclei.
A Letter of Meletius of Antioch

I received a letter from the God-beloved Bishop Eusebius enjoining me to write again to the bishops of the West concerning certain ecclesiastical affairs. He wanted me to write the letter, which is to be signed by all who are in (our) communion; but, since I do not see how I could write about the matters which he mentioned, I have sent the memorandum to Your Reverence, so that you yourself, after reading it and hearing the reports of the most beloved brother Sanctissimus, our fellow-priest, may deign to write about these matters as will seem best to yourself. I am ready to subscribe my signature to this letter and to have it carried quickly to those who are in (our) communion, so that the one who is to go to the bishops of the West may have all the signatures when he sets out. Give orders that I be informed immediately of what Your Holiness has in mind, so that I may not be ignorant of your decisions.'
Mechanism of Chloride Transport in Halophilic Archaebacteria

The halophilic archaebacteria, i.e. the various Halohacterium and Natronobacterium species (and possibly others), accumulate K CI rather than organic compounds to balance the high osmotic pressure of the nearly saturated NaCI solution which constitutes their environment. Because of this, chloride ions present a special bioenergetic problem to them, which is not normally of great importance in other organisms. The problem is that while the uptake and retention of the positively charged K ions are consistent with the inside negative membrane potential across the cytoplasmic membrane, the negatively charged chloride ions will be ejected rather than accumulated by any passive permeability pathway. Thus, to reach the several molar intracellular concentrations of K CI required, chloride has to be transported into the cells by an active mechanism, i.e. one which is capable of “uphill” transport, against the prevailing direction of the electrochemical potential of chloride.
Skin-reactive antigens of histoplasmin.

SummaryHistoplasmins from two strains of Histoplasmia capsulatum have been fractionated by salting-out and electrophoretic procedures. Fractions obtained in this manner have been assayed for ability to induce a delayed type of hypersensitivity in sensitized guinea pigs. Carbohydrate-rich fractions appear to be more effective in this regard, and one histoplasmin fraction has been found which exhibits no precipitin activity but is highly effective in the skin test. The skin test reaction with histoplasmin is also demonstrated to be an example of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
A re-examination of fish estuarine dependence: Evidence for connectivity between estuarine and ocean habitats

Abstract Our understanding of the recruitment of estuarine fishes has been strongly influenced by two views: first, that estuaries are important nurseries and second, that many species are estuarine dependent. Based on an attempt to review the world-wide literature on these topics, it appears that both of these views have merit but could benefit from additional attention and clarification. The term estuarine dependency is used in a variety of ways depending on the author and context and even how one defines estuary. Further, and perhaps most importantly, we often lack the comparative data on habitat use by fishes in the ocean vs. the estuary to make judgments about dependency. To that end we have analyzed the distribution patterns of fish species along the estuarine-coastal ocean ecotone in southern New Jersey, U.S. to evaluate the fish response. As a result, it appears the degree of estuarine use is quite variable among species, as well as at geographic, annual and cohort-specific scales. Thus, further synthesis is necessary and it might focus on: first, more information on fish use in different types of estuaries across a broad geographical range; second, a better understanding of the functional significance of habitats across the habitat landscapes of the estuary–ocean ecotone; third, any further synthesis needs to incorporate of the role of biotic variables (e.g. predation, competition) in order to enhance our understanding of the degree of estuarine dependency; fourth, we need to determine how freshwater flow into estuaries might influence habitat use especially with regard to the potential role of the offshore estuary.
Contributions of Ca2+-Independent Thin Filament Activation to Cardiac Muscle Function

Although Ca2+ is the principal regulator of contraction in striated muscle, in vitro evidence suggests that some actin-myosin interaction is still possible even in its absence. Whether this Ca2+-independent activation (CIA) occurs under physiological conditions remains unclear, as does its potential impact on the function of intact cardiac muscle. The purpose of this study was to investigate CIA using computational analysis. We added a structurally motivated representation of this phenomenon to an existing myofilament model, which allowed predictions of CIA-dependent muscle behavior. We found that a certain amount of CIA was essential for the model to reproduce reported effects of nonfunctional troponin C on myofilament force generation. Consequently, those data enabled estimation of ΔGCIA, the energy barrier for activating a thin filament regulatory unit in the absence of Ca2+. Using this estimate of ΔGCIA as a point of reference (∼7 kJ mol(-1)), we examined its impact on various aspects of muscle function through additional simulations. CIA decreased the Hill coefficient of steady-state force while increasing myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. At the same time, CIA had minimal effect on the rate of force redevelopment after slack/restretch. Simulations of twitch tension show that the presence of CIA increases peak tension while profoundly delaying relaxation. We tested the model's ability to represent perturbations to the Ca2+ regulatory mechanism by analyzing twitch records measured in transgenic mice expressing a cardiac troponin I mutation (R145G). The effects of the mutation on twitch dynamics were fully reproduced by a single parameter change, namely lowering ΔGCIA by 2.3 kJ mol(-1) relative to its wild-type value. Our analyses suggest that CIA is present in cardiac muscle under normal conditions and that its modulation by gene mutations or other factors can alter both systolic and diastolic function.
Assessing and Managing Medical Factors

This chapter discusses medical issues related to behavior disorders of the mentally retarded child or adult. Psychopharmacology (i. e., the use of behavior-altering drugs, such as neuroleptics, stimulants, axiolytics, etc.) is not discussed here because this represents a whole area of study in itself. The present discussion is confined to those issues of medical diagnosis and treatment that have potential relationships to behavior and behavior disorders.
Acute stressor exposure both suppresses acquired immunity and potentiates innate immunity.

Acute stressor exposure alters immune function. Rats exposed to inescapable tail shock stress (IS) generate less antibody to a benign, antigenic protein, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The follow...
Agnostic Tests of Stochastic Discount Factor Theory

We propose and implement tests for the existence of a common stochastic discount factor (SDF). Our tests are agnostic because they do not require macroeconomic data or preference assumptions; they depend only on observed asset returns. Our test statistic is immune to the form of the multivariate return distribution, including its factor structure. After examining test features and power with simulations, we apply the tests empirically to data on U.S. equities, bonds, currencies, commodities and real estate. The empirical evidence is consistent with a unique positive SDF that prices all U.S. assets and satisfies the Hansen/Jagannathan variance bound.
Update on current evaluation and management of pediatric nasal dermoid.

Objectives/Hypothesis To review the presentation of congenital pediatric nasal dermoid and present guidelines for its evaluation and management. Study Design Retrospective chart review from 1970 to 2014 at a tertiary referral children's hospital. Methods The medical records of all patients diagnosed with a nasal dermoid during the study period were reviewed for demographics, lesion characteristics, imaging, operative details, and outcomes. Results Ninety-six patients underwent excision of a congenital nasal dermoid during the study period. The mean age at presentation was 3.1 years (range, 0.1–19.3 years). Thirty-four (35%) females and 62 (65%) males were included. The most common presentation was a nasal dorsal mass in 66 (69%) patients. Ninety-two (96%) of the patients underwent preoperative imaging. Seventy-eight (82%) of the patients did not show any clinical or radiographic evidence of intracranial extension preoperatively. Eighty-five (89%) of the patients underwent extracranial excision, and 11 (11%) underwent combined intracranial and extracranial excision. Eight patients (8%) presented with recurrence, on average 3.3 years (range, 1–6 years) after initial excision. Mean follow-up time was 8 years (range, 1–18 years). Conclusion Preoperative imaging of nasal dermoid is crucial to evaluate for intracranial extension, thus facilitating complete removal. Thin section, high-resolution magnetic resonance with contrast provides excellent detail of the extent of the nasal dermoid including intracranial extension. Thin-section high-resolution computed tomography with multiplanar reformatted images provides complimentary information regarding the bone anatomy of the frontonasal region. Surgical strategy is dictated by preoperative imaging and is dependent on the extent of the lesion, but limited facial incisions are preferred. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2015
Biology of TiO2-oligonucleotide nanocomposites.

Emerging areas of nanotechnology hold the promise of overcoming the limitations of existing technologies for intracellular manipulation. These new developments provide approaches for the creation of chemical–biological hybrid nanocomposites that can be introduced into cells and subsequently used to initiate intracellular processes or biochemical reactions. Such nanocomposites would advance medical biotechnology, just as they are improving microarray technology and imaging in biology and medicine, and introducing new possibilities in chemistry and material sciences. Here we describe the behaviour of 45-A nanoparticles of titanium dioxide semiconductor combined with oligonucleotide DNA into nanocomposites in vivo and in vitro. These nanocomposites not only retain the intrinsic photocatalytic capacity of TiO2 and the bioactivity of the oligonucleotide DNA (covalently attached to the TiO2 nanoparticle), but also possess the chemically and biologically unique new property of a light-inducible nucleic acid endonuclease, which could become a new tool for gene therapy.
Morphologic: la cualidad espacial de la densidad de población

espanolLa ciudad y su arquitectura se difuminan cuando el proceso de urbanizacion se impone sobre la definicion de la forma arquitectonica a traves de los flujos continuos de informacion que hoy en dia caracterizan nuestra vidad en sociedad. La ciudad de los sistemas se contrapone su propia estructura espacial. Este ensayo propone una metodologia que reconcilia la densidad de poblacion y sus implicaciones socioeconomicas y politicas, con la forma de la ciudad, a traves de una nueva manera de medir patrones de concentracion de poblacion capaz de definir el espacio construido y por consiguiente el espacio publico, a traves de los tipos arquitectonicos. La ciudad parece quedar atrapada en el pragmatismo de un metodo cuantitativo que contradictoriamente, lejos de consolidar colapsa conceptualmente el tiempo y la estructura espacial de la ciudad y cuyo objetivo es cuestionar la manera en que construimos, fisica y teoricamente, la ciudad del siglo XXI. EnglishThe city and its architecture vanish when the urbanization process prevails over the definition of the architectural form through continuous flows of information that nowadays define our lives. The city of the systems confronts its own spatial structure. This essay proposes a methodology that reconciles population density, and its socioeconomic and political implications, with the form of the city, through a new way of measuring patterns of population concentration able to define the built space, and therefore thepublic space, through the architectural types. The city seems trapped in the pragmatism of a quantitative method that, as a contradiction, instead of consolidating, collapses the time and the spatial structure of the city conceptually and which main goal is to question the way we build, physically and theoretically, the city of the 21st century.
Stress and the α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

Nicotine is well known for its deleterious effects on human health, and it has long been known that nicotine interacts with the stress axis in both man and in laboratory animals. Nicotine also has beneficial effects upon cognition, and an emerging literature has demonstrated that it may play a protective or palliative role in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Recent advances have permitted scientists to identify the specific subtypes of nicotinic receptors responsible for the drugs varied physiological effects. The α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (NAchRα7), has been identified as a significant mediator of nicotine's interactions with the stress axis and human disease. The NAchRα7 has also been shown to have neuroprotective effects via multiple pathways, making it a logical target for the treatment of a number of brain disorders.
Developing management students' twenty-first century skills through a service-learning project

Scholars of management education have shown that it is increasingly important for students to develop practiced and applied knowledge, teamwork skills, and civic engagement in addition to core curriculum knowledge in order to be prepared for the demands of the 21st century workforce. We propose that service-learning, or learning through an applied community service project, can uniquely address these essential 21st century skills. Thus, in this paper, we outline a specific service-learning project geared towards improving these skill-sets. Then, we design an experiment to test the efficacy of this project in increasing these skills by comparing students who completed this project to those in a control condition. Results support study hypotheses that service- learning increases teamwork and civic engagement, and partially support the hypothesis that it increases practiced and applied knowledge. Additionally, students showed significant improvement in their core-curriculum knowledge after completing the ser...
Apolipoprotein E and the Development of Atherosclerosis

Elevated levels of cholesterol, lipids, and lipoproteins are knoum to increase the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease in humans. Apolipoproteins may play a role in the development of premature coronary artery disease because they have metabolic functions that significantly influence lipid metabolism. Apolipoprotein E is a protein component of the atherogenic lipoproteins. The gene that encodes apolipoprotein E is polymorphic with three allelic forms. Two of the three alleles have been associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. It is desirable, therefore, to accurately determine apolipoprotein E phenotypes and genotypes. Methods have been developed to assess both. The best methods, however, appear to be those for assessing apo E genotype using the polymerase chain reaction for DNA amplification and allele-specific oligonucleotides for identification of the specific polymorph.
Assessing the risk of establishment by pink bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the southeastern United States

Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), has failed to establish economically damaging populations on southeastern U.S. cotton (Gossypium spp.). Failure to establish may be the result of prevention and quarantine programs or the physiological tolerances of the species. The objectives of this study were to determine which regions within the southeastern United States might support pink bollworm survival and reproduction and which environmental factors might preclude establishment. Three independent analyses based on logistic regression of output from climate matching software, Climex, indicate that the probability of establishment was >50% in parts of Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee. At least 2 analyses concurred that the probability of establishment was greater than or equal to 80% in portions of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. All logistic regression models correctly, classified 89-93% of the locations where pink bollworm occurs in the southwestern United States or does not occur outside tile United States cotton belt. The models incorrectly classified 13-18% of the cases where successful establishment was predicted and 5-8% of cases where establishment was considered unlikely. Cold winter temperatures, causing direct mortality, or cool summer temperatures, providing inadequate degree-days for development, reduce the probability of establishment in more northern states. Slowed population growth caused by excessive moisture also lessens, but does not eliminate, the chances for establishment in certain southeastern states. These analyses do not indicate the potential severity of infestations. Nevertheless, the risk assessment suggests that monitoring efforts for presence and establishment of pink bollworm in the southeastern United States are warranted.
New Precepts of Zoological Nomenclature

The naming of familiar animals was undoubtedly one of primitive man's early attempts at communication. As time passed and modern man came to recognize many kinds of animals, he sought a nomenclature that would permit worldwide communication regarding them. A step in this direction was the Systema Naturae of Linnaeus-itself an adumbration of a code of zoological nomenclature. Thereafter appeared the so-called Stricklandian code,1 published in 1843 by the British Association for the Advancement of Science (2); the Dall code, published in 1878 by the American Association for the Advance-
A NEW DERIVATION METHOD AND THE APPLICATION OF YOUNG-LAPLACE EQUATION

The derivation method of the thermodynamic equilibrium criterion is based on the basic conception of physical chemistry and the basic thermodynamic principle, and combined with the thermodynamic basic equation and the definition of the chemical potential. The well-known Young-Laplace equation is obtained as a result of the derivation. A new derivation method of the Young-Laplace equation is also presented, based on the interfacial energy, the potential energy, and the total energy of the whole material system which should be minimum on the thermodynamic equilibrium condition. The phase equilibrium calculation model and application examples considered capillary pressure is showed at the end of this paper.
Determination of Main Component in Ceftizoxime Sodium for Injection by HPLC

OBJECTIVE: To establish a HPLC method for the content determination of ceftizoxime in ceftizoxime sodium for injection. METHODS: The column was ODS- A C18 with column temperature of 40℃ , and the mobile phase was phosphate acid buffer solution - acetonitrile( 9∶ 1) . The detection wavelength was 254nm and the sample size was 20μ L. RESULTS: The standard curve of ceftizoxime sodium was liner in the range of 16～ 24μ g· mL- 1( r=0. 999 6) with average recovery rate at 100. 6% and precision at 0. 45% . The lowest detectable limit was 1ng. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, sensitive and accurate. It can be applied to the content determination of ceftizoxime sodium for injection.
Visceral Debranching for the Treatment of ­Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Surgical repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hybrid approaches that involve visceral debranching and aortic endografting allow for an alternative approach in certain high-risk patients. In most circumstances the visceral vessels can be bypassed in a retrograde manner from the iliac arteries via a midline laparotomy, and the aortic aneurysm subsequently excluded with standard aortic endografts. These procedures avoid the extensive two-cavity exposure, aortic cross-clamping, and mechanical circulatory support that comprise open TAAA repair, and offer the theoretical advantage of being less invasive. Despite this, outcomes have been mixed with reported perioperative mortality rates of 0% and 34% and permanent paraplegia rates of 0% to 13% in most major series. The reported outcomes, as well as the variation between centers, highlight the importance of patient selection in undertaking hybrid repair. In practice, the best outcomes are achieved in patients who have high-risk anatomy, rather than high-risk comorbidities.
Introduction to E-Government Infrastructure Security Minitrack

This is a Minitrack introduction for the e-Government minitrack titled Infrastructure Security
A Laboratory Test of the No-Policy-Bias Implication of the Crawford-Sobel Game

Cai and Wang (2005) conducted a laboratory simulation of the Crawford-Sobel “strategic information transmission” game. The researchers were most interested in observing the amount of information that senders in the game transmitted to receivers. Consequently, they did not examine what I call the no-policy-bias implication of the game. This implication is that - as the Nash equilibria to the game predict - the final policy that receivers choose, in expectation, should equal the policy that they would have chosen if the senders had sent no signal. That is, the senders should not be able to systematically fool the receivers. Contrary to the Nash equlibria, however, all versions of the experiment produced a policy bias. The results can be explained by a well-established empirical regularity documented by behavioral economists. This is that people tend to under-estimate the degree to which other people are strategic. I apply these results to the question of media effects. The Cai-Wang results - as well as the models of behavioral economists - suggest that real-world journalists should indeed be able to significantly affect the thoughts and behavior of real-world news consumers.
On the Optimality and Usage of Reinforced Block Designs for Comparing Test Treatments with a Standard Treatment

SUMMARY In this paper we consider the problem of determining optimal reinforced block designs for estimating the differences in effects between a set of test treatments of interest and some standard treatment. The optimality criterion considered is the average variance with which elementary treatment differences involving the standard treatment are estimated. A design is said to be reinforced with the standard treatment if each block of the design contains the standard treatment once, and we refer to such designs as SR-designs. Some sufficient conditions are derived for an SR-design to be optimal within the entire class of available SR-designs and some SR-designs which can be obtained by reinforcing each block of certain types of group divisible designs are shown to satisfy the conditions given. An efficiency criterion is also defined which can be used to compare arbitrary SR-designs with respect to how well they estimate treatment differences involving the standard treatment.
Effective treatment of urinary tract infections

In prescribing any particular antimicrobial agent for the treatment of urinary tract infection decisions have to be made on the choice of drug, on the basis of bacteriological findings, the dosage and the duration of administration. These problems are reviewed below in conjunction with the criteria of successful therapy.
Worker Adjustment to Trade Shocks: Where You Work or What You Do?

I study the adjustment of Brazilian workers to rising import competition from China. I compare the impact of trade exposure based on workers’ initial industries, geographic regions, and occupations on long-term earnings and employment. Occupation-based exposure to this trade shock leads to the largest adjustment costs in terms of both earnings and employment. I show these adjustment costs are heterogeneous and depend on workers’ educational attainment and tenure at their initial employers. I disentangle the impact of trade on earnings at workers’ initial employers or industries versus the impact on earnings outside of these.
Teaching Parallel Computing with OpenMP on the Raspberry Pi (Abstract Only)

Parallel computing is one of the new knowledge units in the ACM/IEEE CS 2013 curriculum recommendations. This workshop will present the Raspberry Pi as an inexpensive hardware platform for providing each student with her own parallel processor. The tactile and visceral benefits of each student having her own machine and being able to take full advantage of its multicore capabilities are significant. In this hands-on workshop, we show how parallelism can be used to spread the workload of compute-intensive applications across the multiple cores of a Raspberry Pi, and explore its use as an inexpensive hardware platform for teaching parallel computing. CS educators who are interested in learning about parallel computing, OpenMP, and how to teach these concepts on a Raspberry Pi are encouraged to attend. Attendees will enjoy a hands-on hardware/software experience, exploring how parallel computations operate and work in practice. In Part I of the workshop, attendees will set up and explore a Raspberry Pi multi-core computer in small teams. In Part II, each team will use the parallel capabilities of the Raspberry Pi to explore parallel computation through the use of OpenMP "patternlets" published on CSinParallel.org. Part III explores applications of the Raspberry Pi to parallel applications such as image processing and population dynamics, using OpenMP. All materials from this workshop will be freely available from CSinParallel.org.
Structural Order: The Dominant Factor for Nongeminate Recombination in Organic Photovoltaic Devices

Reducing nongeminate recombination (NGR) will provide a major boost to the performance of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. It is therefore critical to identify the dominant factor(s) that determines NGR. While substantial research effects have been made and various factors have been considered, the determining factor has not been ascertained. After comprehensively evaluating the impact of deep defect states, donor–acceptor interfacial area, and mobility, here we demonstrate that the structural order is the dominant factor that determines NGR in OPV devices. Intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy in conjunction with the charge extraction technique is applied to quantitatively measure bimolecular recombination coefficients. A model P3HT:PCBM system with varying composition and annealing temperature, which removes uncontrolled variables yet resembles the behaviors of different polymer donor OPV systems, enables us to reach the unambiguous conclusion. Our findings shed ligh...
Contrast Enhancement by Double Pass Phase Conjugation Microscopy

We demonstrate a bright field microscopy technique by phase conjugation and double transmission of a coherent light source. We achieve all-optical contrast enhancement and aberration reduction. Preliminary experimental results are shown for microscopic biomaterial.
Exploring the Role Teacher Perceptions Play in the Underrepresentation of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students in Gifted Programming

This qualitative study explored the role teacher perceptions play in the underrepresentation of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students in gifted programming. Purposeful sampling was u...
Lipoxins and Aspirin-Triggered 15-epi-Lipoxins: Pro-Resolving Mediators in Anti-Inflammation and Resolution

Publisher Summary Lipoxins (LX), a series of anti-inflammatory mediators, are short lived endogenously produced nonclassic eicosanoids, whose appearance in inflammation signals the resolution of inflammation. Cell–cell interactions and transcellular biosynthesis of mediators are well recognized as important means of generating new signals during multicellular processes in vivo . Lipoxins are generated by two main routes. The first described involves initial lipoxygenation by 15-LO that inserts molecular oxygen in predominantly the S configuration at carbon 15, followed by 5-LO based transformation. A second route, which occurs predominantly as a major intravascular origin within blood vessels when, for example, platelet intracellular glutathione is depleted, involves the conversion of 5-LO-derived LTA 4 that is released from leukocytes and subsequently converted to lipoxins. Human platelets do not generate LXs, but become a major intravascular source of LXs when they interact with leukocytes. They are potent signals that counteract the pro-inflammatory mediators which evoke the cardinal signs of inflammation, and as specialized signals generated in the resolution phase they are dual acting signals promoting the important non-phlogistic steps in resolution. Inappropriate control of inflammation and its resolution is now recognized to contribute to many chronic inflammatory diseases as well as those not previously recognized to have inflammation as a basis of their pathophysiology.
A Holistic and Case-Analysis Approach for Cybersecurity Education: (Abstract Only)

There is a growing acceptance that a holistic cybersecurity approach incorporating technical, human, and business factors is needed to address the myriad cyber threats nowadays. This paper introduces a new holistic and case-analysis (HCA) teaching approach for cybersecurity education by dissecting recent high-profile cybersecurity breaches. The traditional way of teaching cybersecurity usually introduces a list of technical security topics in an isolated context with little or no effort to link these topics together. It is also not easy to find a good place to teach human and business factors in cybersecurity. The proposed HCA model starts with selected real-world cyber breaches including the Target Corporation breach, the Anthem Inc. breach, and selected Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Students look into the details of these attacks and learn how these attacks took place from the beginning to the end. During the process of case analysis, a list of security topics reflecting different aspects of these breaches is introduced. Student learning will be reinforced through in-class discussion, selected readings materials, and hands-on labs. Compared with traditional methods, the proposed HCA model has a few advantages. First, it can draw students' attention and increase their interest with real-world cases. Second, it can improve student analytical skills by helping them obtain a whole picture of cybersecurity systems in an enterprise environment. Third, it can help the student gain a holistic view of cybersecurity by incorporating complicated socio-technical factors.
Promoting Physical Activity in Adapted Physical Education.

The importance of physical activity has received considerable attention during the past decade. Physical education has been viewed as a cost-effective way to promote physical activity as a public h...
STUDY OF THE 2H(p,γ) 3He CAPTURE REACTION IN THE RANGE Ep = 10-17.5 MeV

Publisher Summary From the theoretical description of the angular distributions and the total cross sections, one can obtain information on the structure of the three-nucleon states. The chapter describes the experiment in which the 2Η(ρ,γ)3He capture reaction is studied using the Stanford FN tandem Van de Graaff. Gamma rays resulting from the capture process are detected with a 24 cm × 24 cm Nal(Tl) detector surrounded by plastic scintillators operated in an anti-coincidence model. For the measurement of excitation function, three separate runs are taken. For the first two, the gas cell is provided with an entrance and exit foil so that the proton beam could pass through the cell and is stopped about 26 feet from the target in a beam dump buried in the wall. In the third run, the same gas cell as the one used in the angular distribution measurement is used. In all the three runs, the foils and the gold beam stopper are shielded with at least 2 inches of lead.
Hypocholesterolemic Drugs and Lipoprotein Metabolism

The primary reason for studying drugs that affect lipid metabolism is, of course, the hope of generating useful pharmacologic agents. In addition, however, studies of new agents have taught us important lessons regarding normal lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. In this presentation I wish to take up three “case histories” in the latter category: (1) bile acid sequestrants; (2) inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis, particularly inhibitors of HMG CoA reductase; (3) probucol.
Scientific Methods and Feyerabend’s Advocacy of Anarchism

Paul Feyerabend has written a great deal by this time; and, judging at least from the spirited (to say the least) “Conversations with Illiterates” (that is, responses to his reviewers and discussants),1 Feyerabend rightly warns would-be commentators to be clear about what he’s actually said and to expect no quarter if they are not. At the risk, therefore, of incurring a deserved barb (or of being simply ignored), I should like to offer a very brief overview of his gradually emerging position. It is this: If, as seems plain, the practice of science itself and of the theory of how science does practice has a contingent history influenced by, and influencing, other similarly changing practices within a common society, then there is no antecedent reason for supposing that any canon of inquiry or confirmation or the like or any theory of the underlying structure of reality can be expected to have captured once and for all, or progressively or approximatively, the best such canon or theory; and, in the absence of any such assurance, (epistemological) anarchism is actually the most productive policy for science — or is at least a beneficial antidote for “Methodism”. This seems to be the conceptual engine of a good deal of Feyerabend’s work — in particular, the relatively recent Against Method,2 Science in a Free Society, and “On the Critique of Scientific Reason”.3 The dialectical thesis that makes this general position quarrelsome is apparently that, at any given moment or stage in the history of science, any would-be canon or theory cannot fail to be a normative idealization of some sort based as much on the inevitable ignorance of how science will prove to be productive in the future, and of how the apparent regularities of sectors of observed nature will fit with what will be taken as observed in the future, as it is on the putative discoveries of an accumulating science.
Automatic laughter detection using neural networks.

Laughter recognition is an underexplored area of research. Our goal in this work was to develop an accurate and efficient method to recognize laughter segments, ultimately for the purpose of speaker recognition. Previous work has classified presegmented data as to the presence of laughter using SVMs, GMMs, and HMMs. In this work, we have extended the stateof-the-art in laughter recognition by eliminating the need to presegment the data, while attaining high precision, as well as yielding higher resolution for labeling start and end times. In our experiments, we found neural networks to be a particularly good fit for this problem and the score level combination of the MFCC, AC PEAK, and F0 features to be optimal. We achieved an equal error rate (EER) of 7.9% for laughter recognition, thereby establishing the first results for nonpresegmented frame-by-frame laughter recognition on the ICSI Meetings database.
The Adoption of Fingerprint Payment Technology Mechanisms at the Customer End

Biometric technologies such as fingerprint and facial recognition systems are becoming more commonplace; a phenomenon many think is largely driven by security concerns. However, the applicability of these technologies is now expanding beyond security domains to areas such as service augmentation and customization. The purpose of this study is to identify the key factors determining customer acceptance of fingerprint payment technologies. Findings indicate that perceived risk, personal innovativeness and convenience are key factors involved in the adoption of fingerprint payment technologies. Findings and implications are discussed.