cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Safe Asset Demand, Global Capital Flows and Wealth Concentration

The US economy is often referred to as the “banker to the world,” due to its unique role in supplying global reserve assets and funding foreign risky investment. This paper develops a general equilibrium model to analyze and quantify the contribution of this role to rising wealth concentration among American households. I highlight the following points: 1) financial globalization raises wealth inequality in a financially-developed economy initially due to foreign capital pressing up domestic asset prices; 2) much of this increase is transitory and can be reversed as future expected returns on domestic assets fall; and 3) despite the low-interest-rate environment, newly accessed foreign capital provides incentives for affluent households to reallocate wealth toward risky assets while impoverished households increase their debt. Wealth concentration ensues only if this rebalancing effect is large enough to counteract diminished return on domestic assets. Quantitative analysis suggests that global financial integration alone can account for a third to a half of the observed increase in the current top one percent wealth share in the US, but indicates a possible reversal in the future.
Playing to Win or Playing Not to Lose? Black and Latinx Risk-Taking in the Entrepreneurial and Innovation Ecosystem

As the U.S. continues to become increasingly diverse and multiracial, understanding levers for full participation of the Black and Latinx community as consumers, workers, creators, and leaders will determine the nation’s future economic standing. There are significant gaps in the broad participation in the innovation economy among Black and Latinx founders, investors, and early joiners of startups. One under explored hypothesis is the relationship between culture and risk. This paper seeks to answer whether cultural risk perceptions support or hinder participation in the innovation economy. Through in-depth interviews with 28 Black and Latinx individuals, risk-assessment and decision-making processes are uncovered leading up to and actively participating in entrepreneurship and innovation. Ultimately, Black and Latinx founders, investors, and early joiners are uniquely poised to dream big and go big in the innovation ecosystem. Their cultural dispositions and backgrounds do not pose insurmountable challenges but instead serve as powerful context shaping experiences and provide a diverse frame of reference that is in greater demand than ever before.
The Biography of a Social Movement

With 2010 being the fortieth-anniversary year of the Gray Panthers, Roger Sanjek’s new history of the organization is timely. Regrettably, the problems with which the Panthers have grappled for 40 years have gotten larger, the Panthers smaller. As Sanjek notes, however, the Gray Panthers have always been one among many players in a broader progressive movement, and their diminished presence now does not equate with the end of progressivism. Sanjek’s book is an outstanding record of the developmental arc of this fascinating organization and can be read as both commentary on the cultural construction of old age within American politics and an illumination of the more general forces that lead to the rise and fall of social movements. Sanjek seems to be the person who needed to write this book. A true participant-observer, Sanjek was intermittently active in the movement himself from his own Berkeley days in 1977 to the present day in New York City. He began to take a reflective look at the movement in 1981, when officially allowed to have access to organizational documents at the Presbyterian Historical Society in Philadelphia, with Maggie Kuhn’s support. Though a long time coming, it is fortunate that Sanjek never totally abandoned the project or his involvement as an activist. The book is a product of his extremely close reading of documents, records, minutes, clippings, and transcripts, as well as face-to-face interviews with many key personalities in the movement, including Kuhn, Lillian Rabinowitz, and others. He fully acknowledges his “positionality” as a Gray Panther member and the methodological realities associated with constructing history through the conflation of documents, observations, personal memories (headnotes), scratch notes, regular field notes, and other ephemera. As he notes, the story is “part ethnography, part history, part memoir” (xviii). Early chapters start with the people—the exemplary figures who were attracted to the movement and the founder of the movement, Kuhn herself. In providing an extensive biography
Economic Development and Cultural Change in Islamic Context: The Malaysian Experience

There is a general sentiment among scholars and non-scholars that Islamic societies are less developed and lagging behind other societies, especially when one notes that many are blessed with natural resources. Others blame their relative backwardness on poor leadership and the presumed clerical conservatism of Islamic culture. Malaysia is a predominantly Muslim society, which was for many years under the leadership of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, a Muslim, represented a major contrast. Although the country faced the same challenges as other Muslim societies, Malaysia’s impressive success in the pursuit of economic development and cultural change is comparatively spectacular, especially compared to many other developing societies. This chapter makes the case that the Prime Minister combined a trenchant critique of traditional Malay Islamic culture that kept the people socially and economically backward in the modern world while also cautiously embracing the good things from the West and critiquing what was oppressive and retarding in Western civilization. His leadership strategy was a balanced and complex role of statesmanship to manage a developing Muslim country in a modern world dominated by the West. This former Malaysian Head of State, while not an “angel,” exemplifies some elements of effective leadership qualities in a modern Islamic context that are worthy of reflection, adopting and adapting in other developing countries beyond Southeast Asia.
Mobile Sensor Network Deployment using Potential Fields: A Distributed, Scalable Solution to the Area Coverage Problem

This paper considers the problem of deploying a mobile sensor network in an unknown environment. A mobile sensor network is composed of a distributed collection of nodes, each of which has sensing, computation, communication and locomotion capabilities. Such networks are capable of self-deployment; i.e., starting from some compact initial configuration, the nodes in the network can spread out such that the area ‘covered’ by the network is maximized. In this paper, we present a potential-field-based approach to deployment. The fields are constructed such that each node is repelled by both obstacles and by other nodes, thereby forcing the network to spread itself throughout the environment. The approach is both distributed and scalable.
Instant Recognition of Half Integrality and 2-Approximations

We define a class of integer programs with constraints that involve up to three variables each. A generic constraint in such integer program is of the form ax + by ≤ z + c, where the variable z appears only in that constraint. For such binary integer programs it is possible to derive half integral superoptimal solutions in polynomial time. The scheme is also applicable with few modifications to nonbinary integer problems. For some of these problems it is possible to round the half integral solution to a 2-approximate solution. This extends the class of integer programs with at most two variables per constraint that were analyzed in [HMNT93]. The approximation algorithms here provide an improvement in running time and range of applicability compared to existing 2-approximations. Furthermore, we conclude that problems in the framework are MAX SNP-hard and at least as hard to approximate as vertex cover.
SSC 50 mm Collider Dipole Cryostat Single Tube Support Post Conceptual Design and Analysis

Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) dipole magnet cold masses are connected to the cryostat vacuum vessel at five places equally spaced along their length. Five supports limit sag of the cold assembly due to its own weight to a level consistent with the final magnet alignment specifications.1 The supports currently used in the 50 mm dipoles being built at Fermilab and Brookhaven are adaptations of the design developed during the 40 mm design program at Fermilab. The design essentially consists of two composite tubes nested within each other as a means of maximizing the thermal path length. In addition it provides an ideal way to utilize materials best suited for the temperature range over which they must operate. Filament wound S-glass is used between 300K and 80K. Filament wound graphite fiber is used between 80K and 20K and between 20K and 4.5K. S-glass is a better thermal performer above approximately 40K. Graphite composites are ideally suited for operation below 40K. The designs for both the 40 mm and 50 mm reentrant supports are well documented in the literature.2–5 Complete coverage is outside the scope of this report. Figure 1 illustrates a cross section through the current design for 50 mm collider dipoles support post.
The characterization of a mosquito iridescent virus (MIV). I. Biological characteristics, infectivity, and pathology.

Abstract The biological characteristics of the R-type mosquito iridescent virus (RMIV) are discussed. A method of mass production of the virus is presented, and data on infectivity are presented. The average mortality was dependent on crowding of the larvae during infection and varied between 39.3 and 53.8%. The increase in virus over the inoculum varied between 70 and 310%. Further infectivity tests indicate that the virus is insensitive to ether and probably does not have a lipid envelope. It is shown that the RMIV infects only the fat body and imaginal discs in Aedes taeniorhynchus , and the significance of this with respect to transovarial transmission is discussed.
Ketamine suppresses ischemic injury in the rabbit retina

Overstimulation of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor has been implicated as a factor in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury in the central nervous system. The present study was undertaken to determine whether ketamine hydrochloride, a potent NMDA antagonist, could attenuate ischemic injury in the rabbit retina. Retinal ischemia was induced for 60 min in one eye of 18 albino rabbits by raising intraocular pressure above the systolic blood pressure. Three concentrations of ketamine, 0.5, 1.5, 5.0 mumol were dissolved in 20 microliters of saline solution and injected in the midvitreous in each eye of 14 rabbits 1 hr prior to ischemia. Four rabbits received saline solution as controls. The scotopic electroretinogram was monitored in each eye to assess the postischemic recovery of retinal function. A statistically significant reduction in the b-wave was detected in the eyes treated with saline (P less than 0.05), whereas the postischemic recovery of b-wave amplitude was enhanced by pretreatment with lower doses of ketamine. The highest dose depressed b-wave amplitude regardless of ischemia. Six rabbits underwent unilateral ocular ischemia under general anesthesia with ketamine. A small ameliorative effect was seen (P = 0.029). These results suggest that ketamine may alleviate ischemic injury in the rabbit retina, presumably by antagonizing the NMDA receptor-mediated toxicity. Thus, ketamine may have potential in the treatment of retinal vascular occlusive diseases. Moreover, a modified ischemic state may exist in experiments on ischemia conducted under general anesthesia with ketamine hydrochloride.
Temperature-sensitive Yeast Mutant Defective in Ribonucleic Acid Production

A single, recessive mutation in a nuclear gene confers a temperature-sensitive growth response in a mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ts− 136. The mutant grows normally at 23 C, but exhibits a rapid and preferential inhibition of ribonucleic acid (RNA) accumulation after a shift to 36 C, demonstrating a defect in stable RNA production. Cultures of the mutant which were shifted from 23 to 36 C display the following phenomena which indicate that messenger RNA (mRNA), as well as stable RNA production, is defective. The entrance of pulse-labeled RNA into cytoplasmic polyribosomes is even more strongly inhibited than is net RNA accumulation. The rate of protein synthesis, at first unaffected, decreases slowly; this decrease is paralleled by the decay of polyribosomes to monoribosomes with a half-time of 23 min. The polyribosomes which remain after a 30-min preincubation of the mutant at 36 C are active in polypeptide synthesis in vivo, whereas the monoribosomes which accumulate are not. Furthermore, ribosomes isolated from a culture of the mutant preincubated for 1 hr at 36 C are inactive in polypeptide synthesis in vitro, but can be restored to full activity by the addition of polyuridylic acid as mRNA. We conclude that mutant ts− 136 is defective either in the synthesis of all types of cytoplasmic RNA, or in the transport of newly synthesized RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and that the mRNA of a eucaryotic organism (yeast) is metabolically unstable, having a half-life of approximately 23 min at 36 C.
Noninvasive imaging of the single ventricle

Abstract Single ventricle consists of a group of cardiac malformations that share a common final surgical procedure, the Fontan operation. Echocardiographic evaluation of the anatomy and pathophysiology of these lesions is important in the management of patients prior to, during, and following surgical and transcatheter therapy. Using 2-D imaging, color and spectral Doppler, the cardiologist can assess in detail cardiovascular anatomy, physiology and ventricular function. Advances in ultrasound technology have greatly improved the diagnostic capabilities of fetal echocardiography and a growing number of patients are diagnosed prenatally. Transesophageal echocardiography has an important role in the operating room, in older patients, in the evaluation for thrombus, and in echocardiographic guidance during transcatheter procedures. The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of patients with single ventricle has increased in recent years as this modality complements echocardiography and overcomes some of its limitations. This article reviews the use of echocardiography and MRI in the initial diagnosis and various stages of palliation of patients with single ventricle.
Ethnicity and language tensions in Latvia

This article discusses important domestic and international consequences of language policy in Latvia. The first section briefly discusses the changing demographic situation in Latvia from 1940 to the present. The second section analyzes the debates related to the citizenship law and language law played by the Organization for Security and Cooperation (OSCE), the European Union (EU), and the Council of Europe (CoE). The third section traces the debate on language legislation, with particular emphasis on the role of the school law that required that students at minority (mostly Russian-speaking) secondary schools change to a substantially Latvian language format in 2004. Finally, I will evaluate and discuss recent attitudes on language, education and culture of the Latvian and Russian language communities.
On the citation influence methodology of Pinski and Narin

Abstract Using Markov Chain theory we give further insight into the citation influence methodology for scientific publications which was initially described by Pinski and Narin.
Tennyson and Victorian' West Africa

L'Afrique de l'ouest dans l'oeuvre de T., et sa reception en Afrique depuis (notamment les allusions ironiques d'Achebe)
A new direction in fuzzy logic-toward automation of reasoning with perceptions

A number of important contributions to fuzzy logic have been made during the past decade. The mathematical foundations of fuzzy logic have become firmer and its applications have grown significantly in number, variety and visibility. There are still some who are skeptical, but successes of fuzzy logic are too obvious to be dismissed as illusions.
MARS Approach for Global Sensitivity Analysis of Differential Equation Models with Applications to Dynamics of Influenza Infection

Differential equation models are widely used for the study of natural phenomena in many fields. The study usually involves unknown factors such as initial conditions and/or parameters. It is important to investigate the impact of unknown factors (parameters and initial conditions) on model outputs in order to better understand the system the model represents. Apportioning the uncertainty (variation) of output variables of a model according to the input factors is referred to as sensitivity analysis. In this paper, we focus on the global sensitivity analysis of ordinary differential equation (ODE) models over a time period using the multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) as a meta model based on the concept of the variance of conditional expectation (VCE). We suggest to evaluate the VCE analytically using the MARS model structure of univariate tensor-product functions which is more computationally efficient. Our simulation studies show that the MARS model approach performs very well and helps to significantly reduce the computational cost. We present an application example of sensitivity analysis of ODE models for influenza infection to further illustrate the usefulness of the proposed method.
Efficacious Use of a Cap Shaped Coil for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Descending Motor Paths

We report another technique of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for exciting the originating cells of the descending corticospinal tract. A cap shaped TMS coil has been described for simultaneously exciting muscles in all four extremities. This TMS coil is useful for monitoring the functional integrity of the descending motor paths during spinal cord surgery, because information regarding the integrity of both the left and right sides of the spinal cord motor paths can be obtained concurrently. Despite the improved design of the cap coil, careful placement is required for achieving bilateral spinal cord motor responses. Cortical mapping was used to identify the optimum scalp foci for the muscles studied. The cap coil must overlap these foci to simultaneously elicit compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) in all four extremities. Increasing TMS stimulation intensity will increase the magnitude of the acquired CMAPs responses without significantly changing latency.
On the generation of temporally shaped laser pulses for inertial confinement

Abstract Pulse shaping of some form is likely to be essential for laser fusion. The problems encountered in amplifying such pulses in present-day laser systems are studied in a computer model. Saturation effects in the amplifiers can significantly alter the input pulse shape. This pulse shape modification sets in when the output flux in the final amplifier reaches ≈ 15% of the saturation flux. Consequently, great flexibility is required for the pulse shaping mechanism if pulses of complex shapes are to be obtained at the output of a large laser amplifier systems. The problems have been simulated and analyzed for one beam line of the University of Rochester's planned 24 beam phosphate glass laser systems.
A lower limit for atmospheric carbon dioxide levels 3.2 billion years ago

The quantification of greenhouse gases present in the Archaean atmosphere is critical for understanding the evolution of atmospheric oxygen, surface temperatures and the conditions for life on early Earth. For instance, it has been argued that small changes in the balance between two potential greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane, may have dictated the feedback cycle involving organic haze production and global cooling. Climate models have focused on carbon dioxide as the greenhouse gas responsible for maintaining above-freezing surface temperatures during a time of low solar luminosity. However, the analysis of 2.75-billion-year (Gyr)-old palaeosols--soil samples preserved in the geologic record--have recently provided an upper constraint on atmospheric carbon dioxide levels well below that required in most climate models to prevent the Earth's surface from freezing. This finding prompted many to look towards methane as an additional greenhouse gas to satisfy climate models. Here we use model equilibrium reactions for weathering rinds on 3.2-Gyr-old river gravels to show that the presence of iron-rich carbonate relative to common clay minerals requires a minimum partial pressure of carbon dioxide several times higher than present-day values. Unless actual carbon dioxide levels were considerably greater than this, climate models predict that additional greenhouse gases would still need to have a role in maintaining above-freezing surface temperatures.
Applications of the upside-down normal loss function

The upside-down normal loss function (UDNLF) is a weighted loss function that has accurately modeled losses in a product engineering context. The function's scale parameter can be adjusted to account for the actual percentage of material failing to work at specification limits. Use of the function along with process history allows the prediction of expected loss-the average loss one would expect over a long period of stable process operation. Theory has been developed for the multivariate loss function (MUDNLF), which can be applied to optimize a process with many parameters-a situation in which engineering intuition is often ineffective. Computational formulae are presented for expected loss given normally distributed process parameters (correlated or uncorrelated), both in the univariate and multivariate cases.
Quail Haven Reseeding Soybean (Glycine soja) as a Food for Bobwhite Quail

Abstract Quail Haven (Glycine soja), a reseeding, vining soybean, has potential for use as a planted foodstuff for wildlife in the southeastern U.S., especially upland gamebirds such as the bobwhite. The objective of this study was to determine the suitability of Quail Haven as a food for bobwhite. Quail Haven soybeans were ground and, without heating, substituted for commercial soybean meal at various levels in the diet of bobwhite chicks from 1 to 35 days of age. Feeding increasing levels of Quail Haven reduced growth but did not affect mortality of bobwhite chicks. Feeding the unheated Quail Haven increased chick pancreas weight, indicating the presence of trypsin (proteinase) inhibitors.
Potential Benefits and Costs of Inground Storage of Imported Water

: In the near future, groundwater storage of imported water may become increasingly important as sites for surface storage are less available. This article explores the potential economic costs and benefits of groundwater storage. The costs include capital outlays, maintenance costs, land costs, legal costs, energy costs, and opportunity costs. The benefits include land cost savings, prevention of subsidence, aquifer protection, and higher economic use of surface lands that might be covered by a reservoir.
In situ deposition of oxide layer using fuel additive and its effect on the oxidation of SM 45C blades for micro-gas turbines

In situ deposition of a silica-based oxide layer on carbon steel (SM45C) turbine blades was tried during the operation of a 13 kgf-class gas turbine engine using fuel additive, and its effect on the durability and the static oxidation at 700 °C of the blade was studied. The gas turbine was actuated by burning kerosene as fuel, for one turbine wheel with fuel additive (0.5 wt.% PDMS), and for another without additive. The oxide scales formed on the turbine blades were characterized using SEM, EDX and XRD. The results of the test revealed that the durability of SM45C turbine was prolonged more than 10 times when operated with additive than when operated without additive at the rotation speed of 30,000 rpm and a turbine exhaust temperature of 780 °C. Combustion with 0.5 wt.% PDMS gave a white residue containing up to 16.5 at.% Si in the wustite-based scale. The influx of silicon oxide into the growing scale suppressed the formation of hematite on the surface of the blade during the operation. As the static oxidation test gives no difference in the oxidation rate between the two kinds of operated blades, the prolonged durability was attributed to the silicon oxide continuously supplied to the surface of the blade during the operation.
An examination of family and social support networks as a function of ethnicity and gender: a descriptive study of youths from three ethnic reference groups

The family and social network support of adolescents in three ethnic groups (African-American, Caucasian, and Latino) were studied. A repeated-measures MANOVA was performed using a within-subjects design to examine how adolescents appraised the quality of their relationships with various members of their social networks. Overall, the quality of support did not vary significantly across ethnic groups. However, they varied within groups. Interactions by gender and ethnicity emerged across specific subscales that represent support for personal development.
Marx and the Excess of the Signifier: Domination as Production and as Simulation:

Lyotard's and Baudrillard's explicit and implied critiques of the effects of so-called “postmodernity” on the applicability of the Marxist emancipatory narrative are evaluated. This paper concludes that the Marxist critique of modernist forms of hegemony still has validity but that we must now acknowledge that Marxism is a modernist, not a universal, theoretical practice. The significance of this for contemporary Marxist critique is further analyzed.
Spectrophotometric determination of micro amounts of uranium

Abstract Uranium(VI) in the presence of numerous cations and anions is determined by the iron(II)-phosphoric acid-Ferrozine method at concentrations of 8–75,μg/25 ml with a relative precision of 3-1%.
Secreted Mouse Prolactin (PRL) and Stored Ovine PRL. II. Role of Amides in Receptor Binding and Immunoreactivity

Native PRL and des-amido forms 1, 2, and 3 were tested for their individual immunochemical and receptor-binding abilities. The results show that deamidation of either secreted mouse PRL or stored ovine PRL alters their binding in a radioreceptor assay. For each accumulated deamidation there was a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in the binding potency of either stored ovine PRL or secreted mouse PRL to a cell membrane receptor preparation. RIAs indicated that there was a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in PRL's immunopotency toward polyclonal antisera only when select residues deamidated. This study suggests that all the asn/gln residues which deamidate in order to make des-amido forms 1, 2, and 3 constitute part of the receptor-binding domains of both secreted and stored PRLs, while only a fraction of those same residues form portions of PRL's antigenic sites. Thus PRL's receptor-binding surface is separated from its antigenic sites, with only partial overlap being indicated. Our data also indicate that there are no major structural differences in the receptor-binding domains of secreted and stored PRLs. We also see that the receptor-binding domain of PRL has been highly conserved throughout evolution. Since the binding affinity of PRL to a membrane-bound receptor can be altered through deamidation, we view the process as a plausible regulatory mechanism for controlling the quantitative action of PRL at a given target organ.
SciFinder Scholar 2006: An Empirical Analysis of Research Topic Query Processing

Topical search queries in SciFinder Scholar are processed through an extensive set of natural language processing algorithms that greatly enhance the relevance and comprehensiveness of the search results. Little detailed documentation on these algorithms has been published. However, a careful examination of the highlighted hit terms coupled with a comparison of results from small variations in query language reveal much additional, useful information about these algorithms. An understanding of how these algorithms work can lead to better search results and explain many unexpected results, including differing hit counts for singular versus plural query words and phrases.
A Genetically Encoded aza-Michael Acceptor for Covalent Cross-Linking of Protein–Receptor Complexes

Selective covalent bond formation at a protein–protein interface potentially can be achieved by genetically introducing into a protein an appropriately “tuned” electrophilic unnatural amino acid that reacts with a native nucleophilic residue in its cognate receptor upon complex formation. We have evolved orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNACUA pairs that genetically encode three aza-Michael acceptor amino acids, Ne-acryloyl-(S)-lysine (AcrK, 1), p-acrylamido-(S)-phenylalanine (AcrF, 2), and p-vinylsulfonamido-(S)-phenylalanine (VSF, 3), in response to the amber stop codon in Escherichia coli. Using an αErbB2 Fab-ErbB2 antibody-receptor pair as an example, we demonstrate covalent bond formation between an αErbB2-VSF mutant and a specific surface lysine e-amino group of ErbB2, leading to near quantitative cross-linking to either purified ErbB2 in vitro or to native cellular ErbB2 at physiological pH. This efficient biocompatible reaction may be useful for creating novel cell biological probes, diagnost...
Constructing other persons: A limit on the effect

Abstract Numerous studies have documented the effect that expectancies have on perceivers' perceptions of targets, but in few of these studies have the targets been aware of the perceivers' expectancies. In the present study, some perceivers were led to believe that their future interaction partners had a cold personality while others held no such expectancy. Orthogonal to this manipulation, some targets were told that their partners expected them to be cold while others received no such information. Results indicate that expectancy confirmation occurs only when perceivers with expectancies interact with naive targets. Targets who were told that the perceiver held an expectancy about them were able to overcome this expectancy. The relevance of these findings to the process of expectancy confirmation is discussed, and some predictions are made about the conditions under which expectancy confirmation will and will not occur.
The No Ghost Theorem in String Theory

A logically tight proof of the No Ghost Theorem for the standard bosonic open string theory is given, and an extension is established. The latter states that 26 is the critical dimension for all levels N = n > 2 of the number operator N in the sense that for any n > 2, there are no ghosts (negative norm states) on level N = n if and only if the dimension of spacetime is no greater than 26.
Effects of urea on solubility and electrophoretic characteristics of protein from the eye lens nucleus in bigeye and skipjack tunas, and in menpachi.

Abstract 1. 1. A solution of urea was sought which would solubilize the albuminoid present in the eye lens nucleus without degrading the soluble lens proteins or producing undesirable effects in electrophoretic patterns. 2. 2. Tests on extracts of macerated, pooled lens nuclei from bigeye and skipjack tunas, and from menpachi, revealed that the most effective extracting solution for albuminoid is composed of 0·14 g% NaCl, 0·1 M urea, with 3 drops of merthiolate (10 −5 ) (preservative) to make up 50 ml. 3. 3. The solubility characteristics of the nuclear lens proteins reflected the closer relationship between the two tunas than between either tuna and the menpachi.
Test for a possible ''melting'' transition in grain boundaries in aluminum near the melting point

Results indicate that the near-..sigma..5 twist and tilt boundaries did not undergo melting at temperatures as high as (0.89 +- 0.03) T/sub m/ and (0.92 +- 0.03) T/sub m/, respectively. This result appears to be in disagreement with the calculated grain boundary melting transitions at lower values of T/T/sub m/. Our results are not inconsistent with calculations which suggest that a type of disordering may occur in which the boundary becomes highly defective locally while still retaining its basic crystallinity. Also, our work seems consistent with the experimental results in which the rotating crystallite method was used to demonstrate that at least many boundaries in copper remain ordered to temperatures as high as 0.97 T/sub m/. The cause of the grain boundary splitting phenomenon observed for the tilt boundaries near 0.94 T/sub m/ is not completely clear. The observation of the lattice dislocation activity in the adjoining crystals suggests that stresses were present which may have caused simple fracture at the boundaries. On the other hand, the authors cannot preclude the more complex possibility that some structural change occurred at these boundaries which played an essential role in the splitting.
The Asa Yancey lecture: swimming against the current: building strength through adversity

President Stain, Distinguished Members, and Ladies and entlemen: I stand before you today proud to have been given the rivilege of honorary membership in this society and thankul to you for bestowing on me an honor that I shall always herish. I stand before you today extremely happy to have preailed upon you to host the 2009 meeting of the Society of lack Academic Surgeons in Seattle. We most certainly ope you will feel welcome in the Emerald City and disover its jewel: the University of Washington. I stand before you thankful to President Stain for having sked me to deliver the Asa Yancey Lecture during this, his eeting. I met Steve many years ago when he was a junior aculty member at the University of Southern California and ave been delighted to see his meteoric progress in the orld of academic surgery, now chair of a department, resident of the Society of Black Academic Surgeons, and bout to become chair of the American Board of Surgery. Also, I stand before you humbled to honor Dr. Asa Yancey, surgeon who embodies many of the values I shall discuss ith you today. He was a pioneer, attending one of the top edical schools in this country at a time when it was not ommon for an African American to be able to do so. He was
Connoiseur's Choice: Anglesite in Galena, Touissit Mine, Oujda, Morocco

(1999). Connoiseur's Choice: Anglesite in Galena, Touissit Mine, Oujda, Morocco. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 74, No. 2, pp. 122-125.
Recurrent systemic bacterial infections in homozygous C2 deficiency

Homozygous deficiency of the second component of complement (C2) occurs in one in 10, 000 individuals. Its clinical manifestations range from essentially no symptoms to recurrent infections or evidence of collagen-vascular disease. We present here a case report and a review of the literature focusing on recurrent systemic infections in C2-deficient individuals. Thirteen of 20 patients vi'ith C2 deficiency and a history of invasive bacterial infections have had recurrent episodes of bacteremia or meningitis. Most of these patients were children, and Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common pathogen reported. The use of prophylactic antibiotics. Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal vaccines, and prompt medical attention for any febrile illness should be encouraged in children with documented C2 deficiency. Although there are no studies to date to document their efficacy, the above measures may serve to diminish the frequency of recurrent systemic bacterial disease in these children.
Kinetic aspects of rabbit blastocoele fluid accumulation: an application of electron probe microanalysis.

Abstract X-ray spectrometry by electron probe excitation was used to analyze the content of Na, Cl, K, Ca, Mg, S, and P in picoliter samples of blastocoele fluid obtained from single rabbit blastocysts. There are significant changes in the concentrations of these elements between stages of development of blastocysts in vivo. The concentration of K increases approx 40% between 110–135 hr postcoitum (p.c.) and does not increase further by 159 hr. The concentrations of Cl at 110 and 135 hr p.c. are significantly lower than the Cl level at 159 hr p.c. The concentrations of magnesium are very low (less than 0.4 mM) at each stage of development. Ca and S concentrations do not change during development, whereas P decreases from 110–135 hr p.c. The rates of accumulation of the solutes in the rabbit blastocoele in vivo have been estimated from the measured concentrations and from previously published rates of fluid accumulation. These analyses indicate that each trophoblast cell transports an ever increasing quantity of certain solutes which is closely correlated with the inward movement of water. Rabbit blastocysts raised in vitro from 128–140 hr p.c. can accumulate fluid in the presence of increasing concentrations of sucrose (40, 80, 120 mM). Electron probe microanalysis of the blastocoele fluid under these conditions shows that the blastocoele concentrations of both Na and Cl (but not K, Ca, Mg, S, and P) increase 1 mM in response to every 2 mM of sucrose gradient across the trophectoderm. These results directly indicate that the accumulation of fluid in the blastocoele is secondary to the active transport of NaCl.
Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems—CLXIV. Electron impact promoted fragmentation of some thiosemicarbazones

The mass spectral fragmentation of thiosemicarbazone derivatives of some typical aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones has been rationalized using high resolution mass spectrometry supplemented by deuterium labeling. Thiosemicarbazone derivatives of carbonyl compounds yield mass spectra which have little in common with those generated by their semicarbazone analogs.
Breast cancer-related inquiries by patients to a telephone information service.

On a etudie 2804 questions sur le cancer du sein posees dans 1226 appels telephoniques de patientes. Un tiers des questions concernaient les traitements ou leurs effets secondaires. Les questions sur la restauration, la biologie, les specialistes representaient egalement un autre tiers des questions. Le fait que ces questions telephoniques soient posees par les patientes amene a penser que ces donnees peuvent fournir une evaluation particulierement precise des besoins d'informations et de conseils des patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein, qui sont insuffisamment abordes au cours du traitement medical ordinaire
A New Concept and Method for Line Clipping

A new concept and method for line clipping is developed that describes clipping in an exact and mathematical form. The basic ideas form the foundation for a family of algorithms for two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and four-dimensional (homogeneous coordinates) line clipping. The line segment to be clipped is mapped into a parametric representation. From this, a set of conditions is derived that describes the interior of the clipping region. Observing that these conditions are all of similar form, they are rewritten such that the solution to the clipping problem is reduced to a simple max/min expression. For each dimension, the mathematics are discussed, an example is given, the algorithm is designed, and a performance test is conducted. The new algorithm is compared with the traditional Sutherland-Cohen clipping algorithm. Using randomly generated data, the new algorithm showed a 36 percent, 40 percent, and 79 percent improvement for two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and four- dimensional clipping, respectively. One of the advantages of this algorithm is the quick rejection of line segments that are invisible. In addition, this algorithm can be easily generalized for clipping against any convex viewing volume
Genotyping for DQA1 and PM loci in urine using PCR-based amplification: effects of sample volume, storage temperature, preservatives, and aging on DNA extraction and typing.

Abstract Urine is often the sample of choice for drug screening in aviation/general forensic toxicology and in workplace drug testing. In some instances, the origin of the submitted samples may be challenged because of the medicolegal and socioeconomic consequences of a positive drug test. Methods for individualization of biological samples have reached a new boundary with the application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in DNA profiling, but a successful characterization of the urine specimens depends on the quantity and quality of DNA present in the samples. Therefore, the present study investigated the influence of storage conditions, sample volume, concentration modes, extraction procedures, and chemical preservations on the quantity of DNA recovered, as well as the success rate of PCR-based genotyping for DQA1 and PM loci in urine. Urine specimens from male and female volunteers were divided and stored at various temperatures for up to 30 days. The results suggested that sample purification by dialfiltration, using 3000–100,000 molecular weight cut-off filters, did not enhance DNA recovery and typing rate as compared with simple centrifugation procedures. Extraction of urinary DNA by the organic method and by the resin method gave comparable typing results. Larger sample volume yielded a higher amount of DNA, but the typing rates were not affected for sample volumes between 1 and 5 ml. The quantifiable amounts of DNA present were found to be greater in female (14–200 ng/ml) than in male (4–60 ng/ml) samples and decreased with the elapsed time under both room temperature (RT) and frozen storage. Typing of the male samples also demonstrated that RT storage samples produced significantly higher success rates than that of frozen samples, while there was only marginal difference in the DNA typing rates among the conditions tested using female samples. Successful assignment of DQA1+PM genotype was achieved for all samples of fresh urine, independent of gender, starting sample volume, or concentration method. Preservation by 0.25% sodium azide was acceptable for sample storage at 4°C during a period of 30 days. For longer storage duration, freezing at −70°C may be more appropriate. Thus, the applicability of the DQA1+PM typing was clearly demonstrated for individualization of urine samples.
Ionostatic Control of Food Intake in the Domestic Fowl

Abstract It has been suggested that there is ionostatic control of food intake in which calcium, acting in the hypothalamus, alters food intake. This study was conducted to determine the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of calcium on food and water intake in both broiler and Leghorn cockerels. The ICV injection of 50, 100, or 150 mM CaCl2 had no significant affect on food or water intake in Leghorn cockerels. In broilers, the ICV injection of 50 mM CaCl2 significantly increased food intake. This effect appeared to be due to Ca++ as equivalent amounts of Cl− given as NaCl had no effect on food intake nor did isosmotic solutions of NaCl. The effect of Ca++ on water intake in broilers is equivocal as it increased water intake in one experiment while decreasing it in another. Whereas these results support the hypothesis of a role for calcium in food intake regulation in broilers, they do not support the existence of a specific ionostatic control mechanism.
Is phloretin the sugar transport inhibitor in intestine

Abstract Isolated brush border fragments from hamster small intestine epithelium were incubated with tritiated phlorizin and direct measurements of the interaction were made. The adsorption kinetics were found to be unexpectedly complex involving at least two reactions: An instantaneous adsorption, representing the interaction of phlorizin with a readily accessible receptor site, is followed by a much slower secondary uptake of radioactivity by the tissue fragments. The first reaction can be dissected from the other process; it exhibits first order kinetics and fits a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The dissociation constant for this interaction has a maximum value of 75 μ m . An estimate of the receptor density on the epithelial cell was also obtained from these data. The brush border membrane of each cell possesses from 2 to 4 × 10 8 phlorizin receptor sites. The relationship of this estimate to the number of sugar carrier molecules per cell is discussed. The secondary uptake of radioactivity by the brush border was attributable to the adsorption of [ 3 H]phloretin which was enzymatically generated by a β-glucosidase present in the brush border membrane. The implications of this conversion of phlorizin to the aglycone, under common incubation conditions are discussed and the question is raised whether phloretin, rather than the parent glucoside, is the actual inhibitor of the carrier transport mechanism in the intestine. The preparation of tritiated phlorizin is described and the methods which can be used to radiochemically purify the compound are presented.
Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls from an overheated transformer

Abstract A Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) containing transformer released approximately 50 gallons of askarel oil. No polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) or polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDD) were detected in a sample of the askarel (analytical limit of detection of 40 parts per billion per isomer group). Skin irritation, unusual tiredness, and headaches occurred in approximately 20% of the individuals at the scene of the incident. Serum PCB levels, and mean values for blood and urine tests were within normal ranges.
A study of peri‐operative respiratory complications in patients with Apert syndrome

Introduction Children with Apert syndrome (acrocephalosyndactyly) require anaesthesia for a variety of diagnostic and surgical procedures. These range from non-invasive radiological imaging to major craniofacial interventions. Recent reports have suggested that patients with Apert syndrome have an incidence of peri-operative respiratory complication in the order of 10% of anaesthetics administered. Over the fast ten years 73 patients with Apert syndrome have been treated in our institution. Each child receives approximately 10 anaesthetics during the course of their treatment. Anecdotal evidence suggested that the peri-operative complication rate may be significantly lower than 10% and that children with Apert syndrome may therefore be falsely labelled as being high risk. A formal analysis of the incidence of complications was therefore undertaken. Methods Following local Ethical Committee approval, a retrospective case note review was performed of a series of 73 patients with Apert syndrome. Information was recorded relating to each anaesthetic administered over the period from 1991 to 2001. This information included details of pre-operative status, anaesthetic technique employed, operative procedure, peri-operative observations recorded, the patient's post-operative course and the occurrence of documented respiratory complications. Analysis of results will be presented.
The cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel: a review by indication.

Clopidogrel is a thienopyridine that acts by inhibiting the adenosine diphosphate-dependent activation of platelets. It has proven efficacy in two general categories: long-term secondary prophylaxis in populations with existing vascular disease, and of limited duration following cardiovascular events or procedures. Clopidogrel may be used alone or in combination with aspirin, depending on the indication. The cost–effectiveness of clopidogrel varies with the indication, the population in which it is used, the risk of future events faced by that population and whether it is combined with aspirin. This article will review existing data on the cost–effectiveness of clopidogrel for each indication with a particular focus on these four criteria.