cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5215: Parental and birth characteristics and childhood lymphoma in Texas, 1995-2011

Purpose: In the United States, lymphoma represents approximately one-third of all malignancies in those less than 20 years of age. As most cases are of unknown etiology, the identification of risk factors for the prevention of childhood lymphoma is critical. Parental and birth characteristics are often evaluated in studies of childhood cancer to determine the role of inborn variation on disease risk. Thus we sought to evaluate the role of parental and birth characteristics on the risk of childhood lymphoma. Material and Methods: Cases (n = 374) were obtained from the Texas Cancer Registry (TCR) and limited to children born in Texas during or after 1995 and diagnosed with a lymphoma between 1995-2011. Diagnostic information came from the TCR, and case birth characteristic data was obtained from linked Texas birth certificates provided by the Center for Health Statistics. A randomly selected group of 10 controls for each case with subsequent birth characteristic data available was obtained from linked birth certificates. Multinomial logistic regression was used to generate relative-risk ratios (aRRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for relevant covariates, to evaluate the association between several parental and birth characteristics and lymphoma risk (overall and by subtype). Results: Most parental and birth characteristics were not associated with risk of childhood lymphoma. However, two factors were associated with lymphoma risk overall and by subtype: maternal race/ethnicity and infant sex. When compared to non-Hispanic white mothers, Hispanic mothers were more likely to have offspring that developed: 1) any lymphoma (aRRR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.85-1.40) and 2) non-Hodgkin excluding Burkitt lymphoma (aRRR: 1.42; 95% CI: 0.96-2.11). The reverse was seen for non-Hispanic black mothers. There was also a disparity in risk by infant sex. Specifically, female children were at a decreased risk of developing all lymphomas (aRRR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.47-0.74); Hodgkin lymphoma (aRRR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.46-0.92); and Burkitt lymphoma (aRRR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.10-0.33) when compared to male children. Additionally, paternal nativity was suggested to increase overall lymphoma risk (aRRR: 1.29; 95% CI: 0.96-1.73); an increase specifically suggested among those diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma (aRRR: 1.46; 95% CI: 0.93-2.32). Conclusion: In this relatively large population-based study of these factors on the risk of childhood lymphoma, we found little evidence that parental and birth characteristics were strongly associated with disease risk. Citation Format: Erin C. Peckham, Michael E. Scheurer, Heather E. Danysh, Austin L. Brown, Joseph Lubega, Philip J. Lupo. Parental and birth characteristics and childhood lymphoma in Texas, 1995-2011. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5215.
Wind farm protection using an IEC 61850 process bus architecture

Wind generation and wind farms are becoming an important part of the generating capacity of the modern utility grid. Protection of wind turbines, and wind farm collector systems, has been the subject of numerous technical papers over recent years, as wind generation grows more prevalent. These papers have focused on the basics of protecting the wind turbines, protecting the wind farm, and modelling of wind farms for stability studies. However, few have focused on practical aspects of protection and control systems when wind turbines and collectors systems are distributed over many square kilometres of surface area. There are design, construction, and maintenance decisions to make for a wind farm, such as where to physically mount protective relays, laying out copper wiring between measurement sources and protective relays, and realistic and affordable maintenance programs for protective relays. Maintenance can quickly become an issue if relays are located at each individual wind turbine. These decisions become much more complicated when the wind farms are located offshore, as the cost of installation, and the cost of maintenance, increase dramatically. This paper proposes a protection and control (P&C) approach based on IEC61850 process bus architecture. Ruggedized Merging Units (MUs) can be installed at individual wind turbines to acquire AC measurements (as raw sampled values) and status information, as well as provide control points. Data is transmitted via IEC 61850 messages over a fibre optic communications network to a Central Relaying Unit (CRU) which executes P&C functions for a whole wind farm. (5 pages)
Universal rate-compatible LDPC code families for any increment ordering

Rate-compatible (RC) codes are at the core of systems with incremental redundancy. Usually, an RC code family supports successively lower code rates by sending specific increments of additional redundancy at each rate. That is, the order of the increments is fixed. However, in some multi-hop communication systems and also in recently proposed inter-frame coding, the order in which the decoder of the RC code receives the increments is not predetermined. A different ordering of the increments at the decoder may change the codes of various rates. This paper seeks RC codes that are universally good over all increment orderings. We call RC codes satisfying this requirement universal for any increment ordering (UIO) codes. We design protograph-based Raptor-like (PBRL) low-density parity-check (LDPC) code ensembles for UIO codes using protograph thresholds as components of two design metrics. One metric seeks codes that, at each code rate, have exactly the same frame error rate for all increment orderings. The other metric sacrifices strictly identical performance for every ordering to seek codes that achieve the best possible throughput in a variable-length setting with random increment ordering, as would occur with inter-frame coding. Simulation results of UIO-PBRL codes from the new ensembles show that our designs satisfy the two metrics.
Two wearable testbeds for augmented reality: itWARNS and WIMMIS

Personal applications employing Augmented Reality (AR) technology require ease of use and wearability. Progress in hardware miniaturization has enabled the development of wearable testbeds providing sufficient computing power for demanding AR tasks. RSC has assembled a wearable testbed for AR applications consisting solely of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware components. The system is worn as a jacket with hardware attached to a vest frame (Xybernaut) and cabling concealed under Velcro channels. Two possible configurations allow the system to be used either in a stand-alone mode ("itWARNS") or to be linked to a multi-modal user interface testbed ("WIMMIS"). The testbed employs wireless networking hardware and receives analog video and 3D audio signals over radio frequencies (RF), thereby achieving completely tetherless operation.
Zero-bias anomaly in homogeneously disordered MoGe nanowires undergoing a superconductor-insulator transition

Nanowires made of superconducting Mo-Ge alloys undergo a superconductor-insulator transition when their cross-sectional area is reduced. On the insulating side of the transition, the differential resistance of the nanowires drops with voltage and displays a positive zero-bias anomaly (ZBA). To reveal the origin of this ZBA, we fabricated and studied a series of nanowires made of amorphous alloys with composition $\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{o}}_{50}\mathrm{G}{\mathrm{e}}_{50}$. The length of wires was in the range 150 nm--11 \ensuremath{\mu}m and width was in the range 10--20 nm. We also fabricated and measured several more complex nanowire-based structures: (i) a nanowire gated by a nearby film electrode, (ii) a nanowire connected to film electrodes with an ``adiabatically reduced'' width, (iii) a nanowire with a multielectrode configuration which allowed comparison of different sections of the same nanowire, and (iv) a nanowire with different sizes of film electrodes. We found that for $\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{o}}_{50}\mathrm{G}{\mathrm{e}}_{50}$ nanowires all experimental parameters of the ZBA and their dependence on nanowire length can be explained by electron heating. Several physical processes thought to be responsible for the ZBA have been analyzed and rejected.
Noise reduction in differential phase extraction of dual atom interferometers using an active servo loop

Differential measurements using simultaneous atom interferometers provide unprecedented precision and stability for explorations on the scientific frontiers. Phase extraction between two atom interferometers, however, imposes additional limitations on the overall instrument performance due to nonlinear multiparameter fit and associated reduced data rate and sensitivity. We propose an active differential phase extraction method, which is self-calibratable and yields the theoretical performance of differential measurement for uncorrelated errors, and demonstrate the scheme on a transportable gravity gradiometer. The gravity gradient sensitivity of the instrument is improved by a factor of 3 with the implementation of the technique, which is in consistent with independently measured detection noise. We also demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of the scheme with 33-kg test masses, and achieve $1E$ uncertainty after 4000 s.
Propofol as a Risk Factor for ICU-Acquired Weakness in Septic Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure.

Background: Critical illness polyneuropathy (CIN) and critical illness myopathy (CIM), together “ICU-Acquired weakness (ICUAW),” occur frequently in septic patients. One of the proposed mechanisms for ICUAW includes prolonged inactivation of sodium channels. Propofol, used commonly in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF), primarily acts via enhancement of GABAergic transmission but may also increase sodium channel inactivation, suggesting a potential interaction. Methods: Electronic medical records and EMG reports of patients with ICUAW and a diagnosis of either sepsis, septicaemia, severe sepsis, or septic shock, concurrent with a diagnosis of acute respiratory failure (ARF), were retrospectively analyzed in a single center university hospital. Results: 74 cases were identified (50.0% men, age 58±14 years), and compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Of these, 51 (69%) had CIN, 19 (26%) had CIM, and 4 (5%) had both. Propofol exposure was significantly higher in patients with ICUAW compared to controls (63.5% vs. 33.8%, p<0.001). The odds ratio of developing ICUAW with propofol exposure was 3.4 (95% CI:1.7-6.7, p<0.001). Patients with ICUAW had significantly more days in hospital (59±44 vs. 30±23) and ICU (38±26 vs. 17±13), days dependent on mechanical ventilation (27±21 vs. 13±16), and rates of tracheostomy (79.7% vs. 36.5%) and gastrostomy (75.7% vs. 25.7%) (all p<0.001). They also received a significantly higher number of distinct intravenous antibiotics, cumulative days of antibiotic therapy, and exposure to vasopressors and paralytics. Conclusions: Propofol exposure may increase the risk of ICUAW in septic patients. An interaction through sodium channel inactivation is hypothesized.
Light-harvesting synthetic nano- and micromotors: a review

Nano- and micromotors are machines that can be made to perform specialized tasks as they propel themselves in response to certain stimuli. While the design of these self-propelling nano- and micromotors remains challenging, they have nevertheless attracted considerable research due to their many promising applications. Most self-propelled nano- and micromotors are based on the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical movement. Recently, however, the development of motors that can be propelled by light as an external stimulus has received much attention. The reason being that light is a renewable energy source that does not require any physical connection to the motor, does not usually lead to any waste products, and is easy to control. This review highlights recent progress in the development of light-harvesting synthetic motors that can be efficiently propelled and accurately controlled by exposure to light, and gives an overview of their fabrication methods, propulsion mechanisms, and practical applications.
A cautionary note on graphene anti-corrosion coatings

Despite graphene's apparent potential for anti-corrosion coatings, it is cathodic to most metals and can promote corrosion at exposed graphene–metal interfaces. This may accelerate dangerous localized corrosion that can seriously weaken the coated metals.
Systems Level Modeling of Cognitive Control in Psychiatric Disorders: A Focus on Schizophrenia

Researchers who work in the area of psychopathology have increasingly come to recognize the transdiagnostic nature of many of the core features of mental illness. Transdiagnostic refers to the fact that many putatively different psychiatric disorders appear to share what on the surface appear to be similar symptoms, albeit to differing degrees of severity. There are many such symptoms, but one that clearly cuts across diagnostic boundaries is a deficit in cognitive control. Here we provide a selective review of formal modeling approaches for understanding cognitive control deficits in psychopathology. We focus on schizophrenia as an example domain of psychopathology as it has received the most attention in this literature and is the form of psychopathology with arguable the strongest documentation for evidence of cognitive control impairments. Furthermore, we focus primarily on system-level computational modeling approaches, as those, again arguably, have most explicitly attempted to model the mechanisms of cognitive control. However, it is also clear that mathematical formalisms have much to offer in this domain as well, and we bring such models into the review when they make strong contact with the cognitive control deficits literature in schizophrenia. We outline a general model of core mechanisms of cognitive control and their impairment in schizophrenia. We then overview modeling approaches that have attempted to capture these mechanisms, and what hypotheses they have helped to generate about the mechanisms of cognitive control impairment in schizophrenia.
Receipt of Medication and Behavioral Therapy Among a National Sample of School-Age Children Diagnosed With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract Objective In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics published practice guidelines for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), recommending both medication and behavioral therapy for school-age children. The current study examines associations between child/family characteristics and ADHD medication, behavioral, and combined therapy. Methods This study used data from the 2014 National Survey of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD and Tourette syndrome, a nationally representative follow-up survey to the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children's Health. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate frequencies of ADHD treatments and multivariable logistic regression to examine child/family characteristics associated with parent-reported medication use, classroom management, and parent training for children aged 8 to 17 diagnosed with ADHD (n = 2401). Results Black and Hispanic children were less likely than white children to have ever received ADHD medication. Hispanic children were less likely than white children to be currently receiving medications (adjusted odds ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.30–0.80). No differences were found in current medication use for black children compared to white children. Thirty-percent of parents reported that their child was currently receiving classroom management, and 31% reported having ever received parent training for ADHD. Children whose ADHD medication was managed by a primary care physician were less likely to receive combined medication and behavioral therapy compared to children managed by specialty physicians (adjusted odds ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.75–3.79). Conclusions Most school-age children reported receiving medication for ADHD; however, medication disparities persist. Parent-reported use of behavioral therapies are low. Future research should examine reasons for observed variation in treatment and interventions to optimize ADHD care.
Predictive factors of weight regain following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Strategies to address weight recidivism following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) could be developed if patients at risk were identified in advance. This study aimed to determine factors that predict weight regain. Retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent laparoscopic RYGB at a single institution over 10 years. Group-based modeling was used to estimate trajectories of weight regain after nadir and stratify patients based on percent weight change (%WC). Three trajectories were identified from 586 patients: 121 had ongoing weight loss, 343 were weight stable, and 122 regained weight. Male sex (p = 0.020) and white race (p < 0.001) were associated with stable weight or weight regain. Being from a neighborhood of socioeconomic advantage (p = 0.035) was associated with weight regain. Patients with weight regain experienced improved percent weight loss (%WL) at nadir (p < 0.001) and ΔBMI (p = 0.002), yet they had higher weight and BMI and lower %WL and ΔBMI than the other two groups during long-term follow-up. On multivariate analyses, those who regained weight were more likely from socioeconomically advantaged neighborhoods (OR 1.82, CI 1.18–2.79). Several patient-related characteristics predicted an increased likelihood of weight regain. Further studies are needed to elucidate how these factors contribute to weight recidivism following bariatric surgery.
Association between clinical and biochemical indices and survival in glioblastoma patients.

201Background: Survival of glioblastoma remains grim. Identifying survival-associating factors may provide actionable targets for future research and clinical intervention to improve patient outcomes. Our study examined the association between multiple clinical and biochemical indices and survival in glioblastoma patients. Methods: 265 consecutive glioblastoma patients who received tumor resection between 1/1/2010 – 12/31/2014 were reviewed. Data about treatments (extent of tumor resection, radiation therapy, and use of temozolamide), medical history, vital signs, weight, and lab tests were collected. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was calculated with ICD-9 codes. Lab and vital signs data within 30 days of surgery were excluded from the analysis. Cox regression for survival analysis was performed. Results: The mean age of the population was 57.5 years, with 78% death rate. The median survival was 19.1 months. Systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, and serum albumin were significant factors for survival...
Comparison of quantitative ultrasound parameters for fat content liver detection and monitoring

Quantitative ultrasound parameter estimates from the Lizzi-Feleppa (LF slope, intercept and midband) and quantitative ultrasound (mean BSC, mean AC, ESD and EAC) approaches were compared for in vivo and ex vivo mouse liver fat content monitoring. The quantitative ultrasound parameters having the higher correlations with fat content were EAC (R2=0.68), mean BSC (R2=0.60), mean AC (R2=0.60) and LF midband (R2=0.70) for ex vivo conditions and mean BSC (R2=0.45), LF midband (R2=0.44) and mean AC (R2=0.37) for in vivo conditions. By defining a threshold fat content of 11.6% between normal vs. fatty mouse livers, the parameters yielding the better sensitivities and specificities to differentiate normal and fatty liver ex vivo were the mean AC (sensitivity=1, specificity=1), then mean BSC and LF midband (sensitivity=0.87, specificity=1). In vivo, the parameters yielding the better sensitivities and specificities to differentiate normal vs. fatty liver were mean BSC and LF midband (sensitivity=0.93, specificity=0.87) and then the mean AC (sensitivity=0.67, specificity=0.93).
Deterrence's Element of Sanction Certainty: Friendships, Vicarious Experiences, and Underage Alcohol Use.

Background: Underage drinking remains a pressing issue on college campuses across the United States. Though the most common form of addressing underage alcohol use on campuses is through deterrence...
Speech-material and talker effects in speech band importance

Band-importance functions created using the compound method [Apoux and Healy (2012). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 132, 1078–1087] provide more detail than those generated using the ANSI technique, necessitating and allowing a re-examination of the influences of speech material and talker on the shape of the band-importance function. More specifically, the detailed functions may reflect, to a larger extent, acoustic idiosyncrasies of the individual talker's voice. Twenty-one band functions were created using standard speech materials and recordings by different talkers. The band-importance functions representing the same speech-material type produced by different talkers were found to be more similar to one another than functions representing the same talker producing different speech-material types. Thus, the primary finding was the relative strength of a speech-material effect and weakness of a talker effect. This speech-material effect extended to other materials in the same broad class (different sentence corpora) despite considerable differences in the specific materials. Characteristics of individual talkers' voices were not readily apparent in the functions, and the talker effect was restricted to more global aspects of talker (i.e., gender). Finally, the use of multiple talkers diminished any residual effect of the talker.
Familial Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Background:Case reports of familial idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) have appeared sporadically and infrequently.Methods:We reviewed the medical records of all patients with IIH seen at our institution to identify the number of familial cases.Results:Out of a cohort of 237 patients with II
Modeling of Real-Time and Reconfigurable Systems

Modeling plays an important role in developing real-time scheduling and dynamic reconfiguration techniques in embedded systems. As this book emphasizes on high level optimizations, we require simple, fast, and yet accurate estimation models for power, energy as well as temperature since the physical prototype is not available or prohibitively expensive in early design stages. For the same reason, efficient evaluation methods are also needed to reflect real designs. In this chapter, we first describe how to model a real-time multitasking system supporting dynamic reconfigurations. Next, we describe system-wide energy and thermal models. Finally, we look at how to evaluate the effects of various optimization techniques in general. These models will be used in all subsequent chapters.
Locomotion in Complex Terrain

Insects provide excellent models for agile legged locomotion. They use a six legged body plan to walk rapidly on virtually any surface. As they move through complex terrain the changes in direction and body attitude require alterations in the basic tripod gait described in earlier lectures. Our observations and those of several other workers suggests that these transitional behaviors require some interaction between local control circuits in the thoracic ganglia and commands that descend from the head ganglia. Turning requires asymmetrical changes in left and right legs that in turn generate asymmetrical ground reaction forces. In order to make these changes while the insect moves forward, some control from brain regions such as the central complex neuropiles may be required. This hypothesis is supported by findings that lesion in the central complex disrupt turning behaviors. To climb over blocks the animal must detect and measure the barrier, then alter leg movements to rear up and push its center of mass over the object. Bilateral lesions of the circumoesophageal connectives generate interesting deficits. On horizontal surfaces, these animals walk very normally. However, when challenged with blocks, they fail to make climbing movements prior to contacting the object. This problem can be readily explained by a loss of inputs from sensors on the head. However, problems with climbing up inclines are not as easily explained. The lesioned animals slip or fall over backwards on smooth 45 degree inclines and fail to bend their bodies appropriately when reaching the top of a block. Our observations suggest that these problems are due to difficulties in controlling body attitude. We have implemented many of these principles of insect locomotion in two lines of robots. The cockroach line employs legs with reasonably accurate segments and joints including the degrees of freedom that the animal typically uses for walking and climbing. These robots are powerful and have remarkable potential for agility, but their control architectures are complex and they are, therefore, still a work in progress. Whegs robots are simpler devices in which we abstract biological principles from insect locomotion. That is we take advantage of what the insect does, but do not constrain ourselves to do things in the exact same way. The appendages on these robots are compromises between wheels and legs. The three spoke design provides the rapid swing phase and slower stance of legs, but require only one drive motor for the entire robot. Whegs robots are very fast and agile and control is much simpler. They can currently perform a range of missions under radio control and can serve as a platform for research on more autonomous control strategies.
Pharmacogenetics of antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics in diverse human populations.

Abstract An increasing focus on personalized medicine is driving a renewed effort to understand the impact of ethnic and genetic background on treatment outcomes. Since responses to psychopharmacological treatments continue to be sub-optimal, there is a pressing need to identify markers of tolerability and efficacy. Pharmacogenomic studies aim to find such markers within the human genome, and have made some progress in recent years. Progress has been slower in populations with diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. Here we review 10 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that assessed outcomes after antidepressant, antipsychotic, or mood stabilizer treatment. These studies used samples collected by the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE), Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D), and Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) studies. We highlight findings from African American and European American participants since they are the largest groups studied, but we also address issues related to Asian and Hispanic groups. None of the GWAS we reviewed identified individual genetic markers at genome-wide significance, probably due to limited sample sizes. However, all the studies found poorer outcomes among African American participants. Some of this disparity seems to be explained by psychosocial and economic disadvantages, but at least 2 studies found that widespread genetic differences between participants of European and African ancestry also play an important role. Non-European groups are underrepresented in these studies, but the differences that are evident so far suggest that poorer outcomes among African Americans are not inevitable and may be particularly suited to pharmacogenomic strategies. The vision of more personalized psychopharmacology may critically depend on larger studies in more diverse human populations.
Atrial fibrillation in renal or liver transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract Background The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients undergoing renal (RT) or liver transplantation (LT) has increased during the last decades. Yet, there is still uncertainty on the association between AF and patient and graft survival. Methods Multiple electronic databases were searched using various combinations of keywords and MeSH terms pertinent to the exposure (AF), and outcomes (graft and patient survival). Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled studies, cohort and case-control studies on adults with documented AF undergoing RT or LT were included. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Assessment Scale. When appropriate, data on the primary and secondary outcomes were pooled in a meta-analysis using the random-effect model. The Odds ratio was used for patients undergoing LT and the hazard ratio was used for patients who underwent renal transplantation. Results A total of 50,362 publications were identified. Six studies, with a total of 136,331 patients, satisfied the inclusion criteria. LT was performed on 2861 patients and RT was performed on 133,470 recipients. Overall, AF affected 6652 (4.8%) transplant recipients. Among them, 153 received a LT and 6499 underwent RT. The OR for mortality after LT was 2.375 (95% CI; 1.532–3.682) (P = 0.000) in AF(+) recipients and the HR was 1.859 (95% CI; 1.031–3.354) (P = 0.039) after RT. The OR for graft loss in AF(+) after LT r was 1.088 (95% CI; 0.311–3.804) (P = 0.894) and the HR for graft loss was 1.632 (95% CI; 1.200–2.218) (P = 0.002) after RT. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the association between AF and patient and graft survival after RT or LT. Our findings suggest that the presence of AF is associated with inferior patient survival. For renal transplant recipients, AF is also associated with inferior graft survival.
A Step Forward in the Treatment of Influenza.

For many years, antiviral treatment of influenza has consisted of monotherapy with a neuraminidase inhibitor. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivi...
The moderating effect of gender on the association between E-cigarette use and smoking status: A cross-sectional study.

Abstract Introduction The novel features of e-cigarettes in the recent vaping boom are appealing to females. Given increasing concerns about using e-cigarettes among females, understanding the patterns of using e-cigarettes in females compared to males is critical. We investigate the moderating effect of gender on the association between ever vaping and smoking status and gender differences in reason for ever vaping and in having ever stopped smoking. Methods We used population data (n = 38,661) from the 2015, 2016, and 2017 Texas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to examine a gender difference in ever vaping associated with smoking status. Additionally, we restricted the sample to current smokers who have ever vaped (n = 4733) to examine the association of gender with quitting smoking as reason for ever vaping and with having ever stopped smoking. Results We found a significant association between ever vaping and gender (OR = 0.77, 95%CI = 0.65, 0.91). When smoking status was considered, female never-smokers had a significantly lower likelihood of ever vaping than male never-smokers (OR = 0.43, 95%CI = 0.27, 0.76). No significant gender difference was found in ever vaping to quit smoking (OR = 1.12, 95%CI = 0.73, 1.74) and having ever stopped smoking (OR = 1.41, 95%CI = 0.95, 2.10). Conclusions The findings of this study provide evidence of gender differences in vaping patterns. Female never-smokers are less likely than male never-smokers to experiment with e-cigarettes. However, there is no evidence of a gender difference in both ever vaping to quit smoking and having ever stopped smoking. Consistent monitoring of gender differences in using e-cigarettes and stratified policy approaches tailored for genders are necessary.
Superusers: Design Technology Specialists and the Future of Practice

Design technology is changing both architectural practice and the role of the architect and related design professionals. With new technologies and work processes appearing every week, how can practitioners be expected to stay on top and thrive? In a word, Superusers. Superusers: Design Technology Specialists and the Future of Practice will help you identify who they are, the value they provide, and how you can attract and retain them, and become one; what career opportunities they have, what obstacles they face, and how to lead them. Written by Randy Deutsch, a well-known expert in the field, this is the first-ever guide to help current and future design professionals to succeed in the accelerating new world of work and technology. Providing proven, practical advice, the book features: Unique, actionable insights from design technology leaders in practice worldwide The impacts of emerging technology trends such as generative design, automation, AI, and machine learning on practice Profiles of those who provide 20% of the effort but achieve 80% of the results, and how they do it What will help firms get from where they are today to where they need to be, to survive and thrive in the new world of design and construction. Revealing the dramatic impact of technology on current and future practice, Superusers shows what it means to be an architect in the 21st century. Essential reading for students and professionals, the book helps you plan for and navigate a fast-moving, uncertain future with confidence.
Seeing Potential, Pushing Possibilities: Thinking Creatively About Revenue Opportunities

AbstractRevenue generation is a challenge faced by museums in today's economy. The authors encourage educators to take on a larger role in establishing new revenue streams. By applying Jim Collins' “Hedgehog Concept,” their unique knowledge of audiences, and their strong ability to work in teams, educators can rethink what they've always done to influence the long-term financial viability of their organizations.
Injury risk and injury incidence rates in CrossFit

INTRODUCTION: Despite completing complex movements under cardiovascular and muscular fatigued conditions, CrossFit suggested safety of participants is one of the most important factors to consider. Therefore, the aim of this brief review is to provide an overview of the injury incidence and incidence rates reported in the current literature as well as to assess the injury risks associated with CrossFit. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Research papers were searched using the following databases: Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PubMed, and MEDLINE. The search identified 718 potential articles across all databases. After the application of inclusion criteria, a total of 14 articles were included in this review. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The shoulder, spine, and knee are the most commonly injured areas in CrossFit. Injury incidence of each study ranges from 12.8-73.5% and reported injury rates ranging from 0.27-3.3/1000 training hours. CONCLUSIONS: Reported findings in the current literature would suggest CrossFit has a relatively low injury risk. The current review highlights three important factors associated with injury incidence and incidence rates in CrossFit: 1) training frequency, 2) duration of CrossFit experience, 3) individuals that compete in CrossFit competitions. Due to recall bias and selection bias further research is warranted over a longitudinal prospective study. Additionally, further research is needed to investigate mechanisms of injury and the relationship between training load and injury risk in CrossFit.
Berechnung des Doppelröhrenkondensators

Fur Kompressions-Kaltemaschinen eignet sich der Doppelrohrenkondensator besonders gut, nicht nur weil mit ihm die Gegenstromwirkung scharf zur Ausfuhrung gelangt, sondern weil beide Flussigkeiten mit genugend groser Geschwindigkeit der Ubertragungsflache entlang fliesen, um einen kraftigen Warmedurchgang zu bewirken. Eine gegebene Leistungsfahigkeit des Kondensators braucht deshalb eine viel kleinere Kuhlflache, als der entsprechende Tauchkondensator. Dazu kommt als weiterer Vorteil der kleine Raumbedarf, denn die beiden ineinander gesteckten Rohrschlangen bilden eine aufrecht stehende Wand, die auserst wenig Bodenflache verlangt.
Eudaimonia: An Aristotelian approach to transplantation

Despite extraordinary achievements in over the past 20 years, the field of transplantation remains hindered by relatively narrow metrics for success. Eudaimonia is an Aristotelian concept that refers to flourishing, or achieving the best conditions possible, in every sense. The vast amounts of patient data that are collected throughout the transplant care continuum, ranging from social determinants of health to genomic profiles and patient-reported outcomes, afford us unprecedented opportunity to enhance our definition of success for our transplant patients. We must engage the technologies available for data integration and analysis and apply them in an insightful way, such that our clinical practice evolves beyond patient and graft survival and toward a more comprehensive state of wellness.
The Dragon, the Eagle, and the Private Sector

The governments of China and the United States - despite profound differences in history, culture, economic structure, and political ideology - both engage the private sector in the pursuit of public value. This book employs the term collaborative governance to describe relationships where neither the public nor private party is fully in control, arguing that such shared discretion is needed to deliver value to citizens. This concept is exemplified across a wide range of policy arenas, such as constructing high speed rail, hosting the Olympics, building human capital, and managing the healthcare system. This book will help decision-makers apply the principles of collaborative governance to effectively serve the public, and will enable China and the United States to learn from each other's experiences. It will empower public decision-makers to more wisely engage the private sector. The book's overarching conclusion is that transparency is the key to the legitimate growth of collaborative governance.
Outcome-Based Approaches for Managing Wildfire Risk: Institutional Interactions and Implementation within the “Gray Zone”✩

In the United States, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) manages rangeland resources under dynamic conditions such as drought, annual grass invasion, and larger and more frequent wildfires. But federal policies governing rangelands are not structured to respond to annual variability or unexpected events. To integrate flexibility into public rangeland administration and potentially leverage fuels management treatments at the landscape scale, the BLM and livestock grazing permittees are exploring outcome-based rangeland management approaches to achieve desired ecological, social and economic conditions. This paper examines administrative policies and barriers to using outcome-based approaches to manage fire risk in Idaho through 70 semistructured interviews with permittees, BLM staff, and other agency and nongovernmental stakeholders in three Idaho BLM field areas. We analyzed how rules and norms in policy implementation contributed to perceptions of barriers within and among different field areas. Factors affecting perceptions of outcome-based rangeland management implementation included BLM staff tenure, permittee-agency relationships, beliefs about the efficacy of grazing to manage fire risk, and leadership and staff experience in navigating National Environmental Policy Act requirements or potential lawsuits. Differences in the informal institutions among field areas led to different interpretations of latitude found within formal institutions (“gray zones”) for implementation. This study highlights the importance of local context and the interactions between administrative policies and agency culture for implementing adaptive approaches to managing wildfire risk on public rangelands.
Abstract WP230: Stroke Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients With Current Generation Centrifugal Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices

Introduction: Stroke is a devastating complication of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy and a leading cause of mortality in this group. The newer HeartMate (HVAD, 2012) and HeartMate 3 ...
Multiplexed Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Histological Staining, N-Glycan and Extracellular Matrix from One Tissue Section: A Tool for Fibrosis Research.

We describe a multiplexed imaging mass spectrometry approach especially suitable for fibrosis research. Fibrosis is a process characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion. Buildup of ECM impairs tissue and organ function to promote further progression of disease. It is an ongoing analytical challenge to access ECM for diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of fibrosis. Recently, we reported the use of the enzyme collagenase type III to target the ECM proteome in thin histological tissue sections of fibrotic diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer and aortic valve stenosis. Detection of collagenase type III peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) allows localization of ECM peptide sequences to specific regions of fibrosis. We have further identified that the ECM proteome accessed by collagenase type III has on average 3.7 sites per protein that may be differentially N-glycosylated. N-glycosylation is a major posttranslational modification of the ECM proteome, influencing protein folding, secretion, and organization. Understanding both N-glycosylation signaling and regulation of ECM expression significantly informs on ECM signaling in fibrosis.
Tracheal bronchus associated with VACTERL.

Tracheal bronchus (TB) associated with VACTERL has not been reported previously. A 5-month-old girl with VACTERL association was ventilator-dependent following surgical closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Chest radiographs showed persistent hyperinflation of the right upper lobe. Bronchoscopy showed a laterally displaced right main bronchus with stenosis and malacia of the left main bronchus. Dynamic bronchography revealed a TB associated with tracheal stenosis and malacia below the abnormal bronchus. TB may represent an additional tracheal (T) anomaly in VACTERL association. Dynamic bronchography is a useful diagnostic tool in tracheobronchial anomalies. Conclusion: TB may represent an "associated" tracheal (T) anomaly in children with VACTERL association. Bronchoscopy may fail to diagnose an ectopic bronchus. Dynamic bronchography is a useful diagnostic tool in tracheobronchial anomalies.
Beyond Hazards and Disasters - Teaching Students Geoscience by Probing the Underlying Influence of Geology on Human Events

An introductory geology course is described that both introduces geologic principles and explores the ways in which geology can have an underlying influence on human events that is much deeper and more subtle than the distribution of resource wealth and geologic hazards. The course aims primarily to help students draw connections between geology and the non-science topics with which many of them are more familiar. It revolves around a series of geologic topics that have direct relevance to particular pre-historic, historical, political, or economic issues in Africa. It is also designed to teach students rigorous geology in a setting that minimizes lecture and emphasizes instead hands-on investigative activities, self- and peer-teaching, and group-learning. The course serves as a model for designing similar courses.
Isolation and characterization of karyoskeletal protein-enriched fractions from vertebrate livers.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses methods for the isolation and subfractionation of vertebrate liver nuclei to produce relatively insoluble karyoskeletal protein-enriched fractions. Morphologically, these fractions contain nuclear pore complexes attached to the lamina and, in several instances, a meshwork of filaments apparently derived from the nuclear interior. The chapter describes methods based on the nuclear purification together with modifications. Morphological features are represented diagrammatically. The nucleus is separated from the surrounding cytoplasm by a system of membranes known as the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope is composed of two membranes: the inner nuclear membrane, facing the peripheral chromatin and the outer nuclear membrane, exposed to the cytoplasm and continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The outer nuclear membrane is typically studded with ribosomes and is morphologically indistinguishable from the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The outer and inner nuclear membranes are separated by the perinuclear space, which is continuous with the lumen of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The perinuclear space is interrupted at various locations where outer and inner nuclear membranes fuse.
A deep-sea hydrothermal vent isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CW961, requires thiosulfate for Cd2+ tolerance and precipitation

Pseudomonas aeruginosa CW961, an isolate from the vicinity of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, grew in the presence of 5 mM Cd2+ and removed Cd2+ from solution. Sulfate was sufficient for growth when Cd2+ was not present in the culture medium; however, thiosulfate was necessary for Cd2+ precipitation and cell survival in the presence of Cd2+.
Active heater control and regulation for the Varian VGT-80 11 gyrotron

On past DIII-D experiments involving the use of Varian VA-8060 gyrotrons for ECH (electron cyclotron heating) power, significant gyrotron heater-emission depletion was experienced for pulse widths >300 ms. This decline in heater-emission directly results in gyrotron-cathode current droop. Since RF power from gyrotrons decreases as cathode current decreases, it is necessary to maintain a constant cathode current level during gyrotron pulses for efficient gyrotron operation. Therefore, it was determined that a filament-heater control system should be developed for the Varian VGT-8011 gyrotron which will include cathode-current feedback. The author discusses the mechanisms used to regulate gyrotron filament-heater voltage by using cathode-current feedback. A 110 GHz ECH system has been completed and is operational using the active filament-heater control and regulation network that has been developed. >
Effects of vitamin D receptor inactivation on the expression of calbindins and calcium metabolism

Hypocalcemia, rickets, and osteomalacia are major phenotypic abnormalities in vitamin D receptor (VDR)-null mice. In an attempt to understand the abnormal regulation of calcium metabolism in these ...
Atypical antipsychotic initiation and the risk of type II diabetes in children and adolescents

Purpose To estimate the risk of type II diabetes (T2DM) in children and adolescents initiating atypical antipsychotic (AAP) therapy.
Inside Organizations: Anthropologists at Work

Inside Organizations: Anthropologists at Work. David N. Gellner and Eric Hirsch. eds. Oxford: Oxford International Publishers, 2001. 256 pp.
Domestic violence in a southern city: The effects of a mandatory arrest policy on male-versus-female aggravated assault incidents

Studies attempting to measure the effects of a mandatory arrest policy in domestic violence situations have yielded somewhat contradictory results. This study examines the effects of such a policy in one southeastern city. It utilizes police records from 1993–1997 to generate a proportionate stratified sample of 442 aggravated assaults cases committed by male partners on female victims. Logistic regression was used to model arrest determinants before and after the new policy was adopted. Results show that while there was an increase in the number of domestic violence reports after the proarrest policy went into effect, the total number of reports continued to decrease. A comparison of arrest determinants before and after the new guidelines became effective indicates this policy did not affect arrest decisions.
Characterization of 18 microsatellite loci for woodrats of the Neotoma lepida group (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Neotominae)

The desert woodrat complex (Neotoma lepida group) is a set of four closely related species occupying the arid lands of western North America. We have developed 18 polymorphic microsatellite loci to analyse the population structure, mating patterns, and hybridization at points of contact between the contiguously allopatric species in the complex.