cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metamorphosis of a protein

All insects appear to have a transport lipoprotein in the hemolymph (blood) that is responsible for moving hydrophobic materials through aqueous compartments. This has been called lipophorin because it is believed to be a reversible transport shuttle. Since most insects undergo some degree of metamorphosis from larval stages to the adult, the need to transport hydrophobic materials or the nature of these materials may change in the course of the life span. This is especially marked in the case of the holometabolous insects – those which undergo drastic change of form, e.g. caterpillar-pupa-adult moth. We have found that lipophorin undergoes a molecular metamorphosis paralleling that of the insect.
An impairment index of brain functions in children.

An impairment index of brain functions in children, based on the 1979 Rules System by Selz and Reitan, was developed to summarize the performance on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery for older children comparing groups of 25 normal, learning-disabled, and brain-damaged children aged 9 through 14 yr. Analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between all pairs of groups. A cut-off Impairment Index between .17 and .18 correctly differentiated 78% of the brain-damaged and control subjects. The findings suggested that the Impairment Index for Children may be a valid and objective indicator of brain functions in older children, although cross-validation is necessary.
Secular variations of the zonal gravity field, global sea level and polar motion as geophysical constraints

Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data have been analyzed by ourselves and other groups to provide e~imstes of the secular variations in the zonal harmonics of the geopotential field. While the SLR data available frum late-1992 onward me superior in satellite and temporal coverage (two station shifts in operation by the NASA Network), SLR alma extending back to the mid-1970s have been utilized by some of the analysis centers. Two solutions for secular zonals and the SPACE'93 secular polar motion rates are evaluated to provide constraints on geophysical models describing post-glacial rebound (PGR) and ice sheet ma~s balanceJsea level rise using an inverse method. The observed secular rate of glohal sea level change is also used as a constraint in various solutions. The benefits of forward modeling the water impoundment in reservoirs and the contributions of the moantain glaciers to the observed secular terms are discussed. Although the number of well resolved time dependent geopotential terms is limited, the inverse solutions are promising and provide results consistent with IPCC estimates of ice sheet mass balance and optimal estimates of mantle viscosity contrasts. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Routine Utilization of Procedural Pain Management for Pediatric Lumbar Punctures: Are We There Yet?

Background : The objective of this study was to assess the utilization of local anesthetics by emergency physicians (EP) and pediatric physicians (PP) who performed a lumbar puncture (LP) in pediatric patients from birth to 24 months of age. Methods : We conducted a prospective study of children that received an LP at a university tertiary referring hospital. A convenience sample included children from birth to 24 months that received an LP for suspected meningitis in the ED or pediatric units during a one-year period. Physicians performing the LP were blinded to the objectives of the study. Data was collected using a standardized procedure form developed for this study. Results : Three hundred nine LPs were performed during the study period. Excluded patients consisted of 29 subjects who underwent moderate procedural sedation and 57 subjects that had incomplete procedural data forms. From our sample population of 223 subjects, 146 subjects received a local anesthetic prior to the LP. One hundred twenty six subjects received 1% lidocaine, 20 subjects received EMLA cream (with one subject that received both 1% lidocaine and EMLA), while 77 received no pre-procedural local anesthetic. The use of local anesthetics differed greatly with the age of the patient. Pre-procedural local anesthetics were administered in 65 of 120 subjects less than 12 months of age and in 81 of 82 patients 12 to 24 months of age. Interestingly, the neonatal subject population did not receive any procedural anesthetic by EP or PP. PP and EP differed in the type of local anesthetic utilized prior to performing a LP. EP exclusively used 1% lidocaine while PP preferentially administered EMLA. A subset analysis demonstrated that only PP utilized moderate sedation (Midazolam and Fentanyl) in 41/309 (13%) of the study population. Conclusions : This is the first study to demonstrate that EPs and PPs differ in their preference in the use of local anesthetics prior to LP and that procedural anesthetic is not universal within this pediatric age group and that utilization of a local anesthetic varies by patient age, with younger children less likely to receive a local anesthetic. doi:10.4021/jocmr584w
COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THYROID GLAND HYDROLYSATES

THE constitution of proteins containing iodine has been the subject of study since Baumann's discovery of the occurrence of iodine in the thyroid gland. The investigations of Kendall (1) and of Harington (2) established, by classic chemical methods of isolation and characterization, the presence of thyroxine and diiodotyrosine in thyroid gland protein; and Ludwig and von Mutzenbecher (3) recovered these amino acids and also monoiodotyrosine from iodinated casein. Pitt-Rivers (4) has recently analyzed critically the methods for the identification and measurement of the iodinated components of natural and artificial thyroproteins. The past decade has witnessed the development of chromatographic methods as powerful analytic tools and their application as aids in the separation and identification of the components of a variety of biologic systems (5). In the field of thyroid biochemistry the use of partition chromatography on paper in conjunction with radioactive iodine as an indicator (6) has been particular...
A Systematic Review of Research on Children of Alcoholics: Their Inherent Resilience and Vulnerability

Parental drinking problem can directly effect on their children. For this reason, children of alcoholics (COAs) tend to show negative outcomes while they are growing up, such as depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, substance abuse or interpersonal difficulties. However, there are several factors that effect on COAs that minimize or maximize the impact of adverse experiences related to their parental drinking problem, and it is important to understand those factors to prevent or minimize the negative outcomes in COAs. Thus, this study examined both risk and protective factors of COAs, which affect their adverse outcomes. A systematic review was conducted by following PRISMA statement. Three databases—PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO—were searched, and total 39 articles were found and discussed. This study identified risk, protective, and biological factors in COAs, and categorized into four levels: individual, parental, familial and social. Each level contains specific factors that positively or negatively affect the development in COAs. In addition, biological differences between COAs and non-COAs and between resilient COAs and vulnerable COAs were discussed. Findings from this study should be applied to COAs and adult COAs through evidence-based interventions in order to help them in terms of preventing or minimizing the negative outcomes they might experience in their lives.
Regulation of Yeast Replicative Life Span by TOR and Sch9 in Response to Nutrients

Calorie restriction increases life span in many organisms, including the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . From a large-scale analysis of 564 single-gene–deletion strains of yeast, we identified 10 gene deletions that increase replicative life span. Six of these correspond to genes encoding components of the nutrient-responsive TOR and Sch9 pathways. Calorie restriction of tor1 D or sch9 D cells failed to further increase life span and, like calorie restriction, deletion of either SCH9 or TOR1 increased life span independent of the Sir2 histone deacetylase. We propose that the TOR and Sch9 kinases define a primary conduit through which excess nutrient intake limits longevity in yeast.
Bifurcation from bubble to droplet behavior in inviscid pinch-off.

High-speed video is used to analyze the pinch-off of xenon in water. By varying the pressure in the xenon from 0.05 to 68 atm, the mass density ratio $D={\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{int}}/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{ext}}$ of the interior gaseous xenon ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{int}}$ to the exterior liquid water ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{ext}}$ can be varied by over 3 orders of magnitude. Both the shape of the pinch region and the power law that governs the collapse of the minimum neck radius are distinctly different for the low $D$ (bubblelike) and high $D$ (dropletlike) cases. We show that there is a rather abrupt transition between these types of behavior near $D\ensuremath{\approx}0.25$.
Rethinking local adaptation: Mind the environment!

Abstract Spatial heterogeneity in environmental conditions has led to adaptive genetic differentiation and the development of home-site fitness advantage (local adaptation) among populations of many widespread plant species such as forest trees. Although its overall patterns have been well characterised, earlier studies on adaptation have predominantly used long-term averages of environmental variables to describe local climates. Subsequently, only little is currently known about more complex patterns of variation in potential selective forces and how they affect adaptive processes. Furthermore, we also lack a good understanding of why adaptive traits often vary within populations despite clear evidence of local selection. Because the capacity of a population to respond to changes in its home environment depends on the amount of genetic variation that it contains, an understanding of these patterns is fundamental to predicting how extant populations will cope with climate change. In this paper, I call attention to these two issues and discuss adaptation in heterogeneous environments using studies mainly on Finnish populations of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) as an example. In this geographic area, population means in growth cessation are closely related to the latitude at the population’s home site, indicating adaptation to local environments. Yet the trait varies considerably also within populations, with the highest levels of phenotypic variation found in the central part of the latitudinal gradient. Increased variation further north may have a significant genetic component. In stable local environments this would indicate that populations with less variation are more optimally adapted to their home site environments. On the other hand, climate data show that growing season temperature conditions within Finland become temporally more variable towards the north which might contribute to different levels of trait variation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the weaknesses of focusing only on long-term averages of environmental variables or trait means when examining adaptation in natural populations. Moreover, better integrated analyses of both genetic and environmental variation might help in disentangling the mechanisms that maintain adaptive genetic diversity and adaptive capacity in natural populations of perennial species under changing environmental conditions.
Ab initio calculation of the O-K, N-K, Si-K, Si − L 3 , Y-K, Y − L 3 edges in the Y-Si-O-N system: A strategy for ELNES/XANES spectral modeling in complex materials

The electron energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) or the x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of the anion (O, N) and cation (Si,Y) (O-K, N-K, Si-K, $\mathrm{Si}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{L}}_{3}$, Y-K, and $\mathrm{Y}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{L}}_{3}$) edges in 12 crystals of the Y-Si-O-N system have been calculated using an ab initio supercell method based on density functional theory in its local approximation. The collection consists of six binary ($\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, stishovite $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Si}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$, $\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Si}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Si}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$, and ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$), three ternary (${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}{\mathrm{N}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$, ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, and ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$), and three quaternary (${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{Y}}_{4}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}{\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{Y}}_{3}{\mathrm{Si}}_{5}{\mathrm{N}}_{9}\mathrm{O}$) crystals. The calculations took into account the core-hole effect and included the explicit evaluation of the transition matrix elements. Based on the extensive data calculated, attempts were made to correlate the spectral features in the calculated spectra with the local structural environments of the atoms in the crystal. It is shown that with the exception of the fourfold tetrahedrally coordinated Si ion, there is no clear evidence of trends in the ELNES/XANES spectra that can be established to justify a so-called finger printing capability. In crystals with well-defined $\mathrm{Si}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ units, very different Si-K edges were obtained. For the O-K and N-K edges, there are numerous counterexamples of such a correlation that can be traced to effects beyond the nearest neighbor coordination. In the Y-K and $\mathrm{Y}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{L}}_{3}$ edges, no meaningful correlations can be established because of the longer bond lengths and more ionic nature of the bonding. For simpler crystals where nonequivalent sites of a particular ion exist, the weighted sum of the spectra from individual sites should be used for comparison with experiment. These results indicate that for proper interpretation of the experimentally measured spectra in complex ceramics, or for ceramic materials containing microstructures, calculated spectra based on simpler crystals with similar coordination should not be used. It is argued that the proper way to understand these spectra would be to actually model the structure and then carry out the full spectral calculations on the constructed models.
Hysteresis in saturated phospholipid films and its potential relevance for lung surfactant function in vivo.

The surface pressure-area (π-A) hysteresis in films of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is investigated under dynamic cycling at 22d`C. The dynamic π-A hysteresis of such films increases with extent of film compression, becoming maximal when compression is carried out past the point of generalized monolayer collapse based on fatty acid chain limiting areas. Several characteristics of the π-A hysteresis found in the dynamic cycling of pure DPPC films are shown to be present in mixed surface films containing this saturated phospholipid, including binary DPPC:dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) films and multicomponent lung extract films at body temperature. Specific hysteresis characteristics, particularly a rapid surface pressure fall over a small area change at the beginning of film expansion, may have direct importance for lung surfactant function in vivo, and a possible model for this is presented. A major consequence stressed in terms of pulmonary mechanics concerns the role of lung surfactant π-...
Ultrasonic determination of the superconducting energy gap in high-purity tantalum

Ultrasonic attenuation measurements as a function of temperature were made for sound propagating along the [100], [110], and [111] crystal directions of Ta single-crystal specimens. Sound frequencies from 180 to 500 MHz were used with single crystals having residual resistance ratios up to 3866. For the three propagation directions used, the superconducting energy gap had an average value of 1.77kTc, which was within the experimental error for the three separate values of the gap parameter.
The Law of Initial Values (Liv) and Personality

Wilder's Law of Initial Values (LIV) is described and carried through to Pavlov's theory of excitation-inhibition of the CNS, then to Eysenck's personality theory of introversion-extraversion. LIV-derived inferences of two-whiskered curvilinearity are developed with respect to measurement of introversion-extraversion and adjustment.
Supramolecular Assemblies of Metal Complexes: Light-Induced Electron Transfer in the Galleries of α-Zirconium Phosphate

Rapid photoinduced electron transfer was observed with supramolecular assemblies of donor and acceptor metal complexes at the galleries of n-butylammonium salt of α-zirconium phosphate ((C4H9NH3)2Zr(PO4)2·xH2O, abbreviated as BAZrP). Tris(2,2‘-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)2+ luminescence, for example, was quenched by tris(2,2‘-bipyridyl)cobalt(III)3+ with rate constants exceeding 1.6 × 1012 m2 mol-1 s-1, when the metal complexes were intercalated in the galleries of BAZrP. The quenching rates were unaffected when the viscosity of the BAZrP suspensions was increased (2:1 mixture of ethylene glycol−water) or when the loading of the donor was increased 10-fold. Even when cooled to 77 K, as a rigid glass, the electron transfer reactions between the donor and the acceptor proceed at essentially the same rate as at room temperature indicating a very low activation energy for the electron transfer reaction. These activation-less rate constants are faster than anticipated for diffusion controlled electron transfer rate...
Sheaf homology and complete reducibility

Abstract In the study of finite simple groups by means of the geometries provided by their local subgroups, problems of structure often reduce to questions about modular representations in finite characteristic. Of particular interest are modules spanned by fixed points of Sylow groups (including “high weight” modules for Chevalley groups) for which the homology methods of Ronan and Smith [6]can be very useful. This note presents an elementary sufficient condition for splitting of some reducible modules of this type. Among the applications, we generalize a number of results appearing in recent work of Timmesfeld [11], which provided the original inspiration for this analysis. Some of the ideas had appeared, in a special case, in [10].
Remembering the Ancients: Observations on Technoscience in Capek's "R.U.R."

The technoscientific consequences of both the human drives for glory on the one hand and a comfortable life on the other potentially threaten human existence. R.U.R., a science fiction play by Karel Capek, bridges ancient writers and contemporary technoscientific endeavors, encouraging us to consider these issues in light of persistent human nature.
Localized Microwave Field Generation for Perpendicular Recording at Deep Subcoercivity

In this paper we present a scheme for generating the localized ac field at a wide range of ultra-high frequencies. This scheme enables microwave generation over a broad frequency range without any externally applied bias field. At adequate current level, the magnetization oscillation can be virtually in the film plane, producing maximum microwave field to the recording media.
Oxidized LDL modulates activation of NFκB in mononuclear phagocytes by altering the degradation of IκBs

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox- LDL) is known to alter the expression of inflamma- tory gene products in mononuclear phagocytes. The mechanisms involved in this effect were studied by examining the activation of nuclear factor kB (NFkB), a transcription factor known to be impor- tant in controlling the expression of such genes. Pretreatment of peritoneal macrophages with ox- LDL modulated the activation of NFkB in response to either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the combina- tion of interferon-g (IFN-g) and interleukin-2 (IL- 2). In macrophages pretreated with oxLDL the nuclear translocation of Rel family members (RelA and c-Rel) is delayed (LPS) or markedly diminished (IFN-g/IL-2) and results in delayed or reduced appearance of kB binding activity within the nucleus. These changes in NFkB activation result from alterations in the stimulus-dependent degrada- tion of IkBa and IkBb. The effects of oxLDL on NFkB activation depend both on the degree of LDL oxidation (most potent with extensive oxidation) and on the time of exposure of the cells to the lipoprotein preparation (a minimal exposure of 6 h is required before inhibitory effects are observed). The modulation of IkB/NFkB function in cells exposed to oxLDL appears to be responsible for previously reported effects of oxLDL on chemoat- tractant cytokine gene expression where both inhi- bition and delay of such stimulus-dependent events has been observed. J. Leukoc. Biol. 64: 667-674; 1998.
Statistical Evaluation of the Rodin–Ohno Hypothesis: Sense/Antisense Coding of Ancestral Class I and II Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases

We tested the idea that ancestral class I and II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases arose on opposite strands of the same gene. We assembled excerpted 94-residue Urgenes for class I tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) and class II Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) from a diverse group of species, by identifying and catenating three blocks coding for secondary structures that position the most highly conserved, active-site residues. The codon middle-base pairing frequency was 0.35 ± 0.0002 in all-by-all sense/antisense alignments for 211 TrpRS and 207 HisRS sequences, compared with frequencies between 0.22 ± 0.0009 and 0.27 ± 0.0005 for eight different representations of the null hypothesis. Clustering algorithms demonstrate further that profiles of middle-base pairing in the synthetase antisense alignments are correlated along the sequences from one species-pair to another, whereas this is not the case for similar operations on sets representing the null hypothesis. Most probable reconstructed sequences for ancestral nodes of maximum likelihood trees show that middle-base pairing frequency increases to approximately 0.42 ± 0.002 as bacterial trees approach their roots; ancestral nodes from trees including archaeal sequences show a less pronounced increase. Thus, contemporary and reconstructed sequences all validate important bioinformatic predictions based on descent from opposite strands of the same ancestral gene. They further provide novel evidence for the hypothesis that bacteria lie closer than archaea to the origin of translation. Moreover, the inverse polarity of genetic coding, together with a priori α-helix propensities suggest that in-frame coding on opposite strands leads to similar secondary structures with opposite polarity, as observed in TrpRS and HisRS crystal structures.
Obstacle avoidance inverse kinematics solution of redundant robots by neural networks

This paper investigates the neural network approach to solve the inverse kinematics problem of redundant robot manipulators in an environment with obstacles. The solution technique proposed requires only the knowledge of the robot forward kinematics functions and the neural network is trained in the inverse modeling manner. Training algorithms for both the obstacle free case and the obstacle avoidance case are developed. For the obstacle free case, sample points can be selected in the work space as training patterns for the neural network. For the obstacle avoidance case, the training algorithm is augmented with a distance penalty function. A ball-covering object modeling technique is employed to calculate the distances between the robot links and the objects in the work space. It is shown that this technique is very computationally efficient. Extensive simulation results are presented to illustrate the success of the proposed solution schemes. Experimental results performed on a PUMA 560 robot manipulator is also presented.
Increased Cancer Detection Rate and Variations in the Recall Rate Resulting from Implementation of 3D Digital Breast Tomosynthesis into a Population-based Screening Program.

This prospective internally funded investigation demonstrates that the addition of digital breast tomosynthesis to a two-dimensional mammography screening program in a U.S. academic medical center resulted in a significant increase in the cancer detection rate, as well as a decrease in the screening recall rate overall and for patients with heterogeneous or extremely dense breasts and for patients in their 5th or 7th decades.
When Solo Activity Is Not Privileged: Participation and Internalization Models of Development

The purpose of this paper is to examine the notion of internalization which mainly stemmed from Vygotsky’s work and to provide a critique of this concept as being favorably biased toward specific soci
The Chronic Cerebral Effects of Cannabis Use. II. Psychological Findings and Conclusions

This paper examines the research evidence on the question of whether sustained use of marijuana may produce chronic cerebral impairment as measured by neuropsychological measures. Evidence from both American and cross-cultural studies suggests that marijuana probably does not produce chronic cerebral impairment, although subtle impairment cannot be ruled out. Several suggestions for new lines of research are discussed including prospective studies, effects of cannabis use on later aging processes, and true experimental studies.
Scales and Explanations, Balances and Histories: Musings of a Physical Geography Teacher

Although not necessarily inclusive of all research, two traditions characterize much scientific explanations of the physical geographer's natural world. First, a linking of a phenomenon of study to other components in the environment—whether in contemporary or some past time—constitutes an explanation that can be characterized as spatially focused, ahistorical, or equilibrium-based. Second, an interpretation of a modern characteristic as at least partially influenced by a past event evidence for which may be lost to time captures the sense of the historical event explanation. With examples from the various subjects of an introductory college course in physical geography and from recent papers in Physical Geography, this essay explores the suggestion that, from any equilibrium view, a fining of scale—whether temporally, spatially, or by degree of resolution—is likely to increase the need for the invocation of historical events. Such a scalar tendency preserves what is, in fact, fundamental to empirical wor...
Web Mash-ups and Patchwork Prototyping: User-driven technological innovation with Web 2.0 and Open Source Software

The recent emergence of Web mash-ups and open source software is driving the development of new practices in software and systems development. In this paper we explore novel practices of user-driven innovation through an examination of several case studies which illustrate how users and developers are exploiting the proliferation of open APIs and open source systems. Developers can rapidly create proofs of concept that are robust enough for actual use by combining preexisting software components. The underlying programming processes involved make use of tried-and-true software development techniques, and may not appear innovative at first. However, the application of these practices and techniques to problem solving by non-programmers shows a high degree of creative innovation, giving rise to new ways of thinking about technology design and production
An all-MOS analog feedforward neural circuit with learning

An all-MOS circuit realization for a feedforward artificial neural network is described. An all-MOS realization of a modified learning rule is introduced. In addition to analytical verification the modified learning rule is shown, via computer code as well as SPICE simulations, to successfully store into the network any given analog values (within the permissible range). An all-MOS architecture for a prototype two-layer artificial neural network is specifically tested via SPICE simulations. The results demonstrate the learning capability of the all-MOS circuit realization and establish a VLSI modular architecture for composing a large-scale neural network system. >
Induction of Uterine Adenocarcinoma in CD-1 Mice by Catechol Estrogens

Catechol estrogens may mediate estrogen-induced carcinogenesis because 4-hydroxyestradiol induces DNA damage and renal tumors in hamsters, and this metabolite is formed in the kidney and estrogen target tissues by a specific estrogen 4-hydroxylase. We examined the carcinogenic potential of catechol estrogen in an experimental model previously reported to result in a high incidence of uterine adenocarcinoma after neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol. Outbred female CD-1 mice were treated with 2- or 4-hydroxyestradiol, 17beta-estradiol, or 17alpha-ethinyl estradiol on days 1-5 of neonatal life (2 microg/pup/day) and sacrificed at 12 or 18 months of age. Mice treated with 17beta-estradiol or 17a-ethinyl estradiol had a total uterine tumor incidence of 7% or 43%, respectively. 2-Hydroxyestradiol induced tumors in 12% of the mice, but 4-hydroxyestradiol was the most carcinogenic estrogen, with a 66% incidence of uterine adenocarcinoma. Both 2- and 4-hydroxylated catechols were estrogenic and increased uterine wet weights in these neonates. These data demonstrate that both 2- and 4-hydroxyestradiol are carcinogenic metabolites. The high tumor incidence induced by 4-hydroxyestradiol supports the postulated role of this metabolite in hormone-associated cancers.
Adhesion at Metal-Ceramic Interfaces: Ion Beam Enhancement and the Role of Contaminants

Enhanced adhesion of a film of non-reactive metal deposited on a ceramic or glass substrate can be produced by irradiating the interface with an ion beam. The resulting bond can be improved by subsequent heat treatment. The interface remains abrupt. The mechanism of this bonding is discussed, and the effects of interface contaminants are examined for the Cu-Al2O3 and Au-Al2O3 systems. Finally it is noted that strong adhesion is produced when Al2O3 is subjected to preferential sputtering at the time of Cu deposition; the resulting interface chemistry is discussed.
Deploying a model-based diagnosis system in the manufacturing test environment

Describes the deployment of a prototype model-based diagnostic system, JADE, in a manufacturing test process at Hewlett-Packard's Grenoble Personal Computer Division (GPCD), one of the divisions responsible for manufacturing Hewlett-Packard's PC products. Development of the prototype was carried out at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Bristol, and has subsequently been further developed to become a Hewlett-Packard product. (4 pages)
Pre-service teachers’ experiences implementing a hybrid curriculum Sport education and teaching games for understanding

A hybrid Sport Education (SE) and Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) pedagogical model shifts responsibilities to students and enhances game play by focusing on tactical problems. The purpose of this study was to (1) examine pre-service teachers’ (PTs) perceptions teaching a SE-TGfU hybrid; and (2) identify facilitators and inhibitors that PTs experienced when implementing the model. Twenty-two PTs taught a hybrid SE-TGfU invasion games season to 162 students aged 10 to 11 years. Data included focus group interviews, critical incident reflections, daily lesson plans, and field notes. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results indicate that PTs were attracted to the hybrid model due to its unique and complementary nature and perceived increased levels of student engagement in the class. However, most PTs had a surface understanding of the hybrid model and lacked the pedagogical content knowledge to make adjustments. The importance of early, field based exposure to new pedagogical models is hi...
Superwarfarin ingestion treated successfully with prothrombin complex concentrate

Superwarfarin, a common component of rat poison, can cause long-lasting, severe coagulopathy and life-threatening hemorrhage when ingested. We report a case of intentional rat poison consumption with subsequent hemorrhage and hypotension requiring rapid coagulopathy reversal and resuscitation in the emergency department. In addition to traditional blood products, prothrombin complex concentrate was administered. Although prothrombin complex concentrate is increasingly used for severe hemorrhage in anticoagulated patients, it may be particularly useful in superwarfarin ingestions given the extreme, persistent coagulapathies that can occur.
Microdroplets and Transport of Moisture from Ocean

The complex moisture and heat exchange process over the ocean was studied as a strongly coupled system of momentum, heat, moisture, and microwater droplets. Many unusual temperature profiles observed over the ocean can be naturally explained through the latent heat of evaporation of microwater droplets produced by the breaking waves. It is hoped that this preliminary analysis will lead to a better understanding of the complex sea-air interface and provide a more accurate means for estimating the rate of evaporation and heat transfer over large bodies of water.
F-xy Noise Attenuation Via Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis In Randomized Domain

The attenuation of coherent and random noise still poses technical challenges in seismic data processing, especially in an onshore environment. Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis (MSSA) is an existing and effective technique for random noise reduction. By incorporating a randomized operator into MSSA, this modification creates a new and powerful filtering method that can attenuate both coherent and random noise simultaneously. Application of this method on 3D synthetic data and cross-spread 3D prestack field data demonstrates its effectiveness in suppressing both types of noise as well as preserving primary signals.
An Overview of Some Reverse Logistics Practices in the United States

A firm’s reverse logistic practices may affect its ability to efficiently recapture waste, and by extension, improve its revenue generation, expense reduction, and asset efficiency. This is because the cost of returns is now averaging disproportionately higher relative to the value of the product. This article summarizes practices among US firms with substantial reverse logistics activities. A large proportion of the firms reported that they lose money from their reverse logistics operations, confirming the prevailing notion that reverse logistics is regarded as a “necessary evil” (cost). A preponderant proportion of the companies reported that some employees handle forward logistics and reverse logistics through the same distribution center. Most products are returned not because they are defective or damaged, but for other reasons such as wrong products being ordered, customers changing their minds, and products being shipped to the wrong destination. Consequently, most products are processed and put ba...
Consideration about rules on selection of drug packaging

Drug packaging is a fundamental process in pharmaceutical industries,which is an important aspect in drug development.The packaging should be decided by the chemical and physical propertis of the drug,dosage form,climate zone,and other factors.Base on the SFDA's guidance,the rules and some concerns in selection of drug packaging materials were interpreted in this paper.
CALCIUM ACCRETION AND BONE FORMATION IN DOGS: An Experimental Comparison between the Results of Ca45 Kinetic Analysis and Tetracycline Labelling

1. In two dogs, approximately one to two years and three to four months of age, an experimental comparison was made between the calcium accretion rate as defined by the Bauer-Carlsson-Lindquist equation, and the bone formation rate determined by double tetracycline labelling. 2. The overall calcium accretion rate was determined from the specific activity of the blood plasma, and the urinary and faecal excretion of isotope, following an intravenous tracer dose of Ca 45 . A time of five days after injection was used for the calculation of accretion rates, but data for shorter times of calculation are included. 3. Local accretion rates were obtained for different parts of the skeleton by determining the specific activities of bone samples at the end of the experiment. 4. The amount of isotope the uptake of which was not related to new bone formation (the diffuse component) was determined autoradiographically. 5. Local values for appositional growth rate and bone formation rate were obtained, using sections of undecalcified bone specimens, by measuring the linear separation between two tetracycline bone markers and the area of new bone enclosed by them. 6. In the older dog, the measurements for cortical bone showed that the accretion rate was two to three times as great as the bone formation rate: the observed diffuse component was sufficient to account for the greater part of this difference. Measurement of the bone formation rate for cancellous bone presented difficulties, but the approximate values obtained suggested that the accretion rate and the bone formation rate were of about the same order for this tissue. 7. In the younger dog, the bone formation rate could be determined only in cortical bone: at the sites studied, the values for the accretion rate and the bone formation rate did not differ by more than 20 per cent. It is suggested that this is due partly to the low specific activity of the diffuse component in this young animal, and partly to the relatively large amounts of new bone formed during the period of the experiment. 8. Despite the important differences between the rates of calcium accretion and bone formation that were found to exist in regions where there was only a small amount of new bone formation, there was a strong correlation between the two rates. The value of the accretion rate as a parameter of bone metabolism is clear.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration Between Mental Health Practitioners and Lawyers with Divorcing Families

Abstract Increasingly professionals are recognizing that the needs of divorcing families are better served by interdisciplinary collaboration between therapists and lawyers. This paper presents an overview of the antecedents of sociolegal collaboration and discusses factors that sup port and motivate professionals to undertake interdisciplinary methods in their respective practices. The developmental history of an interdisci plinary organization in Portland, Maine is given as representative of a community based interprofessional referral and service program. Inter views with legal and mental health professionals who have worked with an interdisciplinary model were conducted and findings from these inter views are discussed. Recommendations for interdisciplinary practice, re search and professional education are offered.
Recovery in Informix

Informix is a large scale relational database management system. It is based on client/server paradigm and its server is referred to as “OnLine Dynamic Server” or simply “OnLine” [6]. One of the major responsibilities of OnLine is to handle database recovery. Similar to other commercial systems, Informix uses WAL scheme for managing commitment of concurrent transactions and database recovery. It uses logical and physical logs for managing these activities. We begin with the log and its management.
A new chemometric tool to predict the boiling points of some cycloalkanes

We have obtained a new molecular descriptor, called BETSIM, containing and implying the molecular path code. BETSIM it was involved in obtaining a model with high power of prediction of boiling point of 27 cycloalkanes.
Biogeochemistry: A plan for efficient use of nitrogen fertilizers

A global analysis finds that nitrogen fertilizers could be used more efficiently if their international distribution across croplands was altered — a measure that would also decrease nitrogen pollution.
A Drosophila model of insulin resistance associated with the human TRIB3 Q/R polymorphism.

ABSTRACT Members of the Tribbles family of proteins are conserved pseudokinases with diverse roles in cell growth and proliferation. Both Drosophila Tribbles (Trbl) and vertebrate Trib3 proteins bind to the kinase Akt (Akt1) to block its phosphorylation activation and reduce downstream insulin-stimulated anabolism. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant in human TRIB3, which results in a glutamine (Q) to arginine (R) missense mutation in a conserved motif at position 84, confers stronger Akt binding, resulting in reduced Akt phosphorylation, and is associated with a predisposition to Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney disease and leukemogenesis. Here, we used a Drosophila model to understand the importance of the conserved R residue in several Trbl functions. In the fly fat body, misexpression of a site-directed Q mutation at position R141 resulted in weakened binding to Drosophila Akt (dAkt), leading to increased levels of phospho-dAkt, increased cell and tissue size, and increases in the levels of stored glycogen and triglycerides. Consistent with the functional conservation of this arginine in modulating Akt activity, mouse Trib3 R84 misexpressed in the fly fat body blocked dAkt phosphorylation with a strength similar to wild-type Trbl. Limited mutational analysis shows that the R141 site dictates the strength of Akt binding but does not affect other Trbl-dependent developmental processes, suggesting a specificity that could serve as a drug target for metabolic diseases.
Retinoic acid's reproducible future

Science is facing a reproducibility crisis. In the biomedical sciences, the inability to validate and reproduce findings is slowing progress in understanding basic biological principles. Among the fields hindered by irreproducibility is retinoic acid (RA) research. Fortunately, new techniques
The Preparation Phase of MOST

This chapter reviews the first of the three phases of the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST), namely, preparation. In the preparation phase, the investigator develops a conceptual model of the behavioral, biobehavioral, or biomedical process of interest and how the intervention under development is to intervene on this process. As will be discussed, this conceptual model is even more detailed than a standard logic model . The conceptual model will guide every decision that is made throughout the subsequent phases of MOST. Based on the conceptual model, the investigator identifies a set of components that are candidates for inclusion in the optimized intervention and, if necessary, pilot tests the components. The investigator also specifies the criterion that will define the optimized intervention, that is, the optimization criterion . A clear and well-specified conceptual model, a set of candidate components that follow directly from this model, and an appropriate optimization criterion are all critical aspects of MOST. It is assumed that readers are familiar with the material in Chap. 1.
Practical problem-based learning: An interdisciplinary approach

This paper describes our experiences using an interdisciplinary approach in practical problem-based learning to benefit the students, faculty and the local community. This research uses an integrated project-based learning approach to engage students and prepare them for success. This interdisciplinary project has been externally funded and uses a cohort of students and faculty from the Computer Science and the Biology departments to solve a problem pertinent to the local community. It is a work in progress and we present some interesting results from the data collected so far. The project has yielded good results and has changed students' perception of science in that they now better understand its interdisciplinary nature. All the students involved in this project now appreciate the cross disciplinary nature of scientific research. Computer science students understand that what they have learnt in their major can be used in other areas beside pure computer science. Students from other majors see the power of computing and have a better appreciation of computer science. This research project also involves one of the ABET goals to prepare students to address current and future environmental and societal challenges.
Use of Drying Control Chemical Additives (DCCAs) in Producing Gel Monoliths

Rapid, reliable production of gel monoliths is necessary to realize many of the potential advantages of this type of glass processing (1). Zarzycki has reviewed the many factors that lead to drying stresses and cracking of gels (2). He shows that the drying stress is a function of pore size and rate of evaporation of the pore liquor, which depends on the liquor vapor pressure. In a recent series of papers we have demonstrated the use of organic additions to alkoxide sols termed drying control chemical additives (DCCA), to control the pore liquor vapor pressure, pore size distribution, and drying stresses (3–8). By use of the DCCA’s, which includes formamide (NH2CHO) and glycerol (C3H8O3), it is possible to produce a wide range of sizes and shapes of dried gel monliths of SiO2, Li2O-SiO2, Na2O-SiO2, and Na2-B2O3-SiO2 within a 1–2 day processing schedule with 100% reliability (Fig 1).
Natural clays with an inherent uranium component that nevertheless sequester uranium from contaminated water.

Clays present a cost effective and sustainable method for removing uranium and heavy metals from drinking water because of their cation exchange capabilities. However, managing muddy suspensions is...
Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus: Honey Bee Queen⁻Worker Interaction and Potential Virus Transmission Pathways.

Queen loss or failure is an important cause of honey bee colony loss. A functional queen is essential to a colony, and the queen is predicted to be well protected by worker bees and other mechanisms of social immunity. Nevertheless, several honey bee pathogens (including viruses) can infect queens. Here, we report a series of experiments to test how virus infection influences queen–worker interactions and the consequences for virus transmission. We used Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) as an experimental pathogen because it is relevant to bee health but is not omnipresent. Queens were observed spending 50% of their time with healthy workers, 32% with infected workers, and 18% without interaction. However, the overall bias toward healthy workers was not statistically significant, and there was considerable individual to individual variability. We found that physical contact between infected workers and queens leads to high queen infection in some cases, suggesting that IAPV infections also spread through close bodily contact. Across experiments, queens exhibited lower IAPV titers than surrounding workers. Thus, our results indicate that honey bee queens are better protected by individual and social immunity, but this protection is insufficient to prevent IAPV infections completely.
If Trousseau had a stroke

In this issue of Blood, Navi et al report that the risk of arterial thromboembolic events (primarily stroke and myocardial infarction) increases substantially preceding a diagnosis of cancer by approximately 5 months and peaks during the month immediately before diagnosis when compared with patients who do not have and will not develop cancer. These findings potentially expand the current perception of Trousseau syndrome to also include arterial events.1