cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A nucleolin-DNMT1 regulatory axis in acute myeloid leukemogenesis

// Na Shen 1,* , Fei Yan 1,* , Jiuxia Pang 1 , Lai-Chu Wu 2 , Aref Al-Kali 3 , Mark R. Litzow 3 and Shujun Liu 1 1 The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 3 Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN * These authors contributed equally to the work Correspondence: Shujun Liu, email: // Keywords : Nucleolin, DNA methyltransferase, DNA methylation, Leukemia Received : May 5, 2014 Accepted : June 24, 2014 Published : June 26, 2014 Abstract Nucleolin overexpression and DNA hypermethylation have been implicated in cancer pathogenesis, but whether and how these aberrations cooperate in controlling leukemia cell fate remain elusive. Here, we provide the first mechanistic insights into the role of nucleolin in leukemogenesis through creating a DNA hypermethylation profile in leukemia cells. We found that, in leukemia patients, nucleolin levels are significantly elevated and nucleolin overexpression strongly associates with DNMT upregulation and shorter survival. Enforced nucleolin expression augmented leukemia cell proliferation, whereas nucleolin dysfunction by RNA interference and inhibitory molecule AS1411 blocked leukemia cell clonogenic potential in vitro and impaired tumorigenesis in vivo . Mechanistic investigations showed that nucleolin directly activates NFκB signaling, and NFκB activates its downstream effector, DNA methylation machinery. Indeed, nucleolin overexpression increased NFκB phosphorylation and upregulated DNMT1 that is followed by DNA hypermethylation; by contrast, nucleolin dysfunction dephosphorylated NFκB and abrogated DNMT1 expression, which resulted in decreased global DNA methylation, restored p15 INK4B expression and DNA hypomethylation on p15 INK4B promoter. Notably, NFκB inactivation diminished, whereas NFκB overexpression enhanced DNMT1 promoter activity and endogenous DNMT1 expression. Collectively, our studies identify nucleolin as an unconventional epigenetic regulator in leukemia cells and demonstrate nucleolin-NFκB-DNMT1 axis as a new molecular pathway underlying AML leukemogenesis.
A Uniform Transactional Execution Environment for Java

Transactional memory (TM) has recently emerged as an effective tool for extracting fine-grain parallelism from declarative critical sections. In order to make STM systems practical, significant effort has been made to integrate transactions into existing programming languages. Unfortunately, existing approaches fail to provide a simple implementation that permits lock-based and transaction-based abstractions to coexist seamlessly. Because of the fundamental semantic differences between locks and transactions, legacy applications or libraries written using locks can not be transparently used within atomic regions. To address these shortcomings, we implement a uniform transactional execution environment for Java programs in which transactions can be integrated with more traditional concurrency control constructs. Programmers can run arbitrary programs that utilize traditional mutual-exclusion-based programming techniques, execute new programs written with explicit transactional constructs, and freely combine abstractions that use both coding styles.
Body Size Evolution Across the Geozoic

The Geozoic encompasses the 3.6 Ga interval in Earth history when life has existed. Over this time, life has diversified from exclusively tiny, single-celled organisms to include large, complex multicellular forms. Just how and why this diversification occurred has been a major area of interest for paleontologists and evolutionary biologists for centuries. Here, we compile data on organism size throughout the Geozoic fossil record for the three domains of life. We describe canonical trends in the evolution of body size, synthesize current understanding of the patterns and causal mechanisms at various hierarchical scales, and discuss the biological and geological consequences of variation in organismal size.
Aerosol growth in a medium with temperature gradient

The simple method of modelling aerosol growth developed in our previous paper (Nemchinsky and Shigeta 2012 Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 20 045017) is used to model nanoparticle growth in a plasma reactor with gas flow and steep temperature gradient. It is shown that depending on the parameters of the precursor monomers at the entrance of the reactor zone, an increase in gas speed could either increase or decrease the final nanoparticles' size at the exit of the reaction zone.
Quantum motion of atoms confined in an optical lattice

Abstract An optical lattice is a periodic array of potential wells for atoms, formed by the interference of several laser beams. These lattices have interesting similarities to and differences from solid crystal lattices. We study the motion of atoms trapped and laser-cooled in such lattices by measuring the atoms' temperature when released, by examining the spectrum of light emitted by the atoms, and by Bragg scattering of light from the lattice. We find results that are in good quantitative agreement with detailed quantum mechanical calculations.
Surgical revascularization induces angiogenesis in orthotopic bone allograft.

Background Remodeling of structural bone allografts relies on adequate revascularization, which can theoretically be induced by surgical revascularization. We developed a new orthotopic animal model to determine the technical feasibility of axial arteriovenous bundle implantation and resultant angiogenesis.
Instrumental control of the sucking response in human newborns

Abstract Two hypotheses relating to the instrumental characteristics of nonnutritive neonatal sucking were tested with regular (preferred) and blunt (nonpreferred) nipples: (1) the rate of blunt-nipple sucking (sucking on a nipple from which the elongated portion has been cut) is higher when access to a regular rather than a blunt nipple is contingent on sucking the blunt nipple; (2) the rate of regular-nipple sucking is lower when access to a blunt rather than a regular nipple is contingent on sucking the regular nipple. The design was a 2 × 2 factorial with one factor the type of nipple used first and the second factor the type of nipple presented contingent on sucking the first nipple. A specified number of sucks on the first nipple (Fixed Ratio) produced 30 sec access to the second nipple. The results indicate that both hypotheses were confirmed, and it was concluded that the obtained changes in nonnutritive sucking were produced by the contingencies rather than by the mere alternation of the sucking stimuli.
Raman study of oxygen deficient YVO4 single crystals

Oxygen deficiency which is an inherent problem in melt grown YVO{sub 4} single crystals was investigated by Micro-Probe Raman Spectroscopy (MPRS). External vibrational modes at 157 cm{sup {minus}1}, 162 cm{sup {minus}1} and selected internal vibrational modes at 379 cm{sup {minus}1}, 840 cm{sup {minus}1} of full Raman spectra were compared with different YVO{sub 4} crystals grown by the Czochralski (CZ) technique both with and without annealing in an O{sub 2} atmosphere as well as by top seeded solution growth technique (TSSG) in directly produced oxygen deficiency-free form. Special differences of above mentioned frequencies and over 1,000 cm{sup {minus}1} were observed in the Raman spectra, which could prove that the growth technologies generated different rates of oxygen deficiency in addition to critical intrinsic segregation effects in YVO{sub 4} which significantly determine the crystal quality.
Massive Tears of the Rotator Cuff

Repair of massive rotator cuff tears is technically difficult but often feasible. Technical and biological challenges to a successful repair include inelastic poor-quality tendon tissue, scarring, muscle atrophy, and fatty infiltration. Fatty infiltration of the involved rotator cuff muscles has been identified as an important negative prognostic factor for the outcome after repair of massive rotator cuff tears. Tendon transfer is a good option for young patients and manual laborers with an irreparable massive rotator cuff tear. Arthroplasty can be considered for the treatment of symptomatic massive rotator cuff tears in patients who have glenohumeral arthritis.
Anharmonic phonons and site selective isotope effects in YBa2−xMxCu3O7 (M = La, Sr)

Abstract Recent site-selective oxygen isotope effect measurements in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 yield a small inverse isotope effect for 18 O substitution in the plane sites. This result is consistent with an anharmonic phonon model of superconductivity, which in turn yields predictions for the site-selective isotope effects in lower-T c compounds such as YBa 2− x La x Cu 3 O 7 and YBa 2− x Sr x O 7 .
Separating k -separated eNCE graph languages

An eNCE graph grammar is k-separated (k⩾1) if the distance between any two nonterminal nodes in any of its sentential forms is at least k. Let SEPk denote the class of graph languages generated by k-separated grammars. Then, SEP1 (SEP2) is the class of eNCE (boundary eNCE) graph languages, and so SEP2⊊SEP1. Recently, Engelfriet (1991) showed that SEP3⊊SEP2 and conjectured that, in fact, SEPk+1⊊SEPk for each k⩾ 1. We prove this conjecture affirmatively.
A repetitive DNA sequence in Paramecium macronuclei is related to the β subunit of G proteins

A repeated DNA sequence has been identified in the macronucleus of several Paramecium species. In P.tetraurelia the repeat was identified in the subtelomeric region of four randomly selected telomere clones, as well as downstream of the A type variable surface protein gene. The complete sequence of the A gene linked repeat consists of 15 tandem repeats of exactly 126 nucleotides that contain an open reading frame with significant similarity to the beta subunits of trimeric G proteins. The most striking consensus feature is the amino acid sequence DX omega WD where X is any amino acid and omega is I, L, or V spaced at precise 42 amino acids intervals. This sequence and spacing are found in G-protein beta subunits and other members of this protein motif family. Analysis of the five cloned telomeric restriction fragments showed the repeats can be found in either orientation with respect to the telomere. Poly(A) RNA transcripts containing this sequence have been identified in Paramecium tetraurelia. The conserved presence of this sequence in several species of Paramecium suggests an important physiological function, and the study of this repeat may reveal information about the evolution of this common protein motif.
A deeper look at the colors of the saturnian irregular satellites

Abstract We have performed broadband color photometry of the twelve brightest irregular satellites of Saturn with the goal of understanding their surface composition, as well as their physical relationship. We find that the satellites have a wide variety of different surface colors, from the negative spectral slopes of the two retrograde satellites S IX Phoebe ( S ′ = − 2.5 ± 0.4 ) and S XXV Mundilfari ( S ′ = − 5.0 ± 1.9 ) to the fairly red slope of S XXII Ijiraq ( S ′ = 19.5 ± 0.9 ). We further find that there exist a correlation between dynamical families and spectral slope, with the prograde clusters, the Gallic and Inuit, showing tight clustering in colors among most of their members. The retrograde objects are dynamically and physically more dispersed, but some internal structure is apparent.
Rotational spectrum, structure and modeling of the SO 2 -OCS complex

Abstract The microwave spectra of the SO 2 –OCS complex and three of its isotopomers have been observed with a Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The rotational constants of the normal species were determined as A =4841.4187(17) MHz, B =974.7763(4) MHz and C =960.5389(4) MHz. Centrifugal distortion terms up to H KJ were necessary for a satisfactory fit of the rotational transitions. The dipole moment components were calculated to be μ a =0.4834(14) D and μ b =0.437(4) D for a total dipole moment of 0.652(4) D. The dimer has C s symmetry with the oxygens of the SO 2 straddling the OCS. The C 2 axis of SO 2 is nearly parallel to the OCS orienting the dipole moments of the monomers approximately antiparallel. The centers of mass of the two monomers are separated by 3.7471(4) A. The angle made by the S atom of OCS, the center of mass of the OCS, and the center of mass of the SO 2 is determined to be 123.8(5)°. The angle made by the center of mass of the OCS, the center of mass of the SO 2 , and the S atom of the SO 2 is 142(5)°. A semi-empirical model including electrostatic, dispersion and repulsion contributions has been applied to the system and has reproduced the structure close to the uncertainty in the structural parameters.
Further evidence on revenue decentralization and inflation

Abstract Results from a panel regression study of 19 OECD member countries suggest that when the measure of revenue decentralization is limited to the revenues over which sub-national governments have full autonomy, its impact on inflation is not statistically significant.
Low-temperature synthesis of YBa2Cu3O7−x powders from citrate and nitrate precursors

Abstract YBa2Cu3O7−x superconductor powders have been prepared from carbon-containing citrate and flash nitrate precursors. In both cases, it was possible to decompose the barium carbonate below 690°C and to form the 123 phase directly from the precursor in an helium atmosphere. High-Tc superconducting 123 phase with a sharp transition at 93 K was obtained after oxygen annealing. High-temperature, in situ, X-ray diffraction was used to follow phase evolution and reaction sequences at several stages in the formation as well as in the decomposition of the 123 phase. We investigated the effects of precursor homogeneity in the formation of the 123 phase during low-temperature processing. The properties and phase purity of the low-temperature processed superconductor ceramics are strongly dependent on precursor homogeneity and morphology. Additionally, our results show that the existence of low-temperature grown binary impurities affects the successive evolution of entire phase assemblage during further stages of heating till complete decomposition of the 123 phase.
A comparative study of Spitz nevus and nodular malignant melanoma using image analysis cytometry.

Abstract Image analysis cytometry can be used to estimate both nuclear DNA content and area in tissue sections. Since nodular malignant melanoma and Spitz nevus can show a remarkably similar light microscopic appearance, but may differ in behavior, we studied typical examples of these neoplasms to determine whether cytometric differences existed. Analysis of relative DNA content alone could not discriminate between these 2 entities in the 13 cases that we examined. However, Spitz nevi and nodular melanoma clearly differed in terms of maturation, which we defined as the difference between the mean nuclear size or mean nuclear DNA content of the uppermost and deepest melanocytes in each lesion. Maturation as defined by a decrease in mean nuclear DNA content proved highly significant ( p
Equivalent Condition for Poles Assignability via Decentralized Static Output Feedback

This paper deals with difficulty of decentralization and presents an equivalent condition for poles assignability via decentralized static output feedback based on Kronecker product and vectorization. This condition is an equation regarding a nonsingular matrix variable and doesn't concern feedback gains. Consequently, an explanation is given for decentralized assignability, and results of centralized case are also obtained as corollaries of the proposed condition.
The Extent and Nature of Television Reception Difficulties Associated with CB Radio Transmissions

The Federal Communications Commission's (FCC), Field Operations Bureau (FOB) has released the results of a study on interference with television reception associated with Citizens Band Radio. 1/
Using Magnetic Fluids as a Versatile Method for Manipulating and Sorting Unlabeled Nonmagnetic Particles in a Flow

Sorting and detection technologies have become an important part of industrial and medical practice. Recently, innovation in lab-on-a-chip technologies promises smaller, less expensive, and more portable devices for these applications. Labeling efficiency, specificity and throughput are challenges that must be overcome in developing such technologies. We introduce a continuous-flow magnetic flow focusing, sorting and detection scheme for unlabeled particles on the size order of cells. Unlabeled particles are focused and sorted by size in the apparatus using the magnetophoretic force in a specially crafted high-gradient magnetic field. The magnetic scheme is orthogonal to other sorting techniques, allowing other physical properties to be explored. We demonstrate using the light pressure force from a laser to actively sort a focused stream of flowing particles and use the balance between the light pressure force and the magnetic force as an additional physical axis on which particles can be sorted. We show that the positions and distribution of the particles conform to their theoretical expectations, and use the theory to explore the limitations of this technology in practice.
Myocardial fibrin deposits in the first month after transplantation predict subsequent coronary artery disease and graft failure in cardiac allograft recipients

Abstract Purpose: To determine whether fibrin deposition during the first month following cardiac transplantation predicts development of coronary artery disease and graft failure in cardiac allograft recipients. patients and methods: We prospectively studied 121 consecutive adult patients who received cardiac transplants between 1988 and 1995. Serial endomyocardial biopsies obtained during the first month posttransplant (2.3 + 0.6 biopsies/patient) were studied immunohistochemically for fibrin deposits. Patients were followed up with annual angiograms (3.2 + 1.7/patient) evaluated with side-by-side comparisons for the presence and progression of coronary artery disease. Results: All pretransplant biopsies were fibrin-negative; 60 allografts (50%) remained without fibrin, and 61 (50%) contained fibrin during the first posttransplant month. Of allografts with fibrin, 72% developed coronary artery disease, while 27% of allografts without fibrin developed the disease ( P P P Conclusions: Fibrin in biopsies during the first month after transplantation identifies patients at high risk for developing coronary artery disease or graft failure, thereby allowing the opportunity to initiate preventive procedures.
What Determines Military Victory? Testing the Modern System

This paper assesses the relative importance of force employment as a cause of military victory. It focuses on the adoption of the modern system in interstate wars since 1917. Using cases, contingency tables, and regression analysis, we find that war participants who use the modern system are significantly more likely to succeed in decisive battlefield engagements. However, the modern system does not predict victory at a higher rate than more traditional unit-level explanations for combat effectiveness, suggesting that it might function as a causal mechanism linking factors like regime type and material endowments with martial capabilities. Exploring the possible links between unit-level explanations of military power and the organizational-level force employment indicators, we find that more materially powerful states and democracies tend to implement the modern system at a higher rate than other types of actors, but more extreme autocracies also frequently adopt. Combined, these findings suggest the rele...
Immune studies in a mouse model of MET and CAT induced liver tumors

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. We set out to perform immune studies in HCC. In a recent published mouse model of HCC, the hydrodynamic injection of two plasmids, pT3-EF5-hMET (pMET) and pT3CAT led to prompt tumor growth. We modified the pT3CAT plasmid with conventional PCR cloning methods to create pCAT_LucOS, in which luciferase including T cell epitopes is expressed in addition to the onogene. Whereas co-delivery of pMET and pT3CAT in C57BL/6 mice led to rapid tumor development, that required euthanasia within 9 weeks, co-delivery of pMET and pCAT_LucOS did not lead to any signs of tumor burden over a course of 7 months. In contrast, survival studies with immunocompromised Rag1KO mice showed similar survival between mice that were injected with the same plasmid combinations. CAT gene expression was elevated over normal liver tissue level in pMET and pT3CAT injected C57BL/6 mice over the course of the 9 week experiment. In pMET and pCAT_LucOS injected mice the CAT expression level was elevated only in the first 2 weeks after the injection. The tumor bearing pMET and pT3CAT injected mice showed increased frequencies of CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSC and CD11b+F4/80+ Macrophages and decreased frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the liver. In pMET and pCAT_LucOS injected mice an increase in CD8+ T cells in the first two weeks was seen together with strong CD8 response against one of the tumor specific T cell epitopes.
Phonon-Mediated Spin-Photon Interface with a Diamond Nanomechanical Oscillator

We propose the use of diamond nanomechanical oscillator to mediate coupling between electron spins and arbitrary optical modes in a whispering-gallery optical resonator. Fabrication and characterization of the diamond nanomechanical oscillator will also be presented.
ARPA High Definition Systems program

The High Definition Systems program was established by the Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency, or ARPA, in 1989. ARPA initiated the program because of its commitment to the proposition that displays are more than just flat panels. The challenge was, and continues to be, creation of display systems that incorporate improvements through the merging of computation and image presentation. Such flat panel displays are, literally and figuratively, windows into today's information age. The HDS program is a true "dual use" technology program and a key element of DoD's vision of an integrated commercial and defense industrial base. The ability of the United States to equip its military with technically superior information systems depends on having a reliable supply of affordable, state-of-the-art high defmition displays. The objectives of the HDS program are two-fold: (1) to enable "information windows" to be applied to new domains by making high-defmition display systems thinner, smaller, brighter, more power efficient, more mobile, more integrated with computing and more effective in human terms and (2) to develop affordable differentiated display products for DoD systems. The result should be the necessary domestic technology and manufacturing capability to meet requirements for the 1990s and beyond.
Effect of dietary protein on hepatic mitochondrial function and cardiac muscle protein turnover in uremic rats

Abstract To define the metabolic consequences of diets low in protein in chronic renal failure, young uremic and sham operated rats were fed isoenergetic diets for three weeks varying in protein content from 22% to 8% casein at the expense of carbohydrate. The results indicate that reducing casein content from 22% (control) to either 16%, 12% or 8% in uremic rats did not result in gross differences in renal function or decreases in liver weight, mitochondrial content or respiration. Atrial muscle protein synthesis was increased 26% while degradation was slightly, but not significantly, decreased in uremic and sham-operated rats fed the 8% casein diet compared to control. In both uremic and sham-operated rats fed the 8% casein diet, serum triiodothyronine (T 3 ) concentrations and hepatic mitochondrial glycerolphosphate (GP) shuttle activity were significantly increased while malate-aspartate shuttle activity was decreased compared to all other diet groups. The increased serum T 3 level and GP shuttle activity produced by feeding the 8% casein diet suggests a diet induced alteration in hepatic mitochondrial intermediary metabolism which may be of benefit in protecting against the potentially serious consequences of lowered thyroid hormone levels in chronic renal insufficiency.
Dynamic behavior of endoplasmic reticulum in living cells

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was studied by fluorescence microscopy of living CV-1 cells treated with the fluorescent carbocyanine dye DiOC6(3). Using video recording and image processing techniques, several distinct forms of highly localized movements of ER were documented, categorized, and analyzed in terms of mechanism and structural implications. These include tubule branching, ring closure, and sliding. These localized movements have been observed to generate the basic elements of ER: linear tubules, polygonal reticulum, and triple junctions. We propose that as such they act as the mechanism for constructing the polygonal lattice of interconnected membrane tubules that constitutes ER. The nature of these movements suggests possible involvement of the cytoskeleton, and, in view of the close correlations in the distributions of ER and microtubules, and the accompanying paper (Dabora and Sheetz), it is possible that microtubules may play a role in generating ER motility and in constructing and maintaining the ER network in living cells.
The linearized flow of a dissociating gas

The equations for planar two-dimensional steady flow of an ideal dissociating gas are linearized, assuming small disturbances to a free stream in chemical equilibrium.As an example of their solution, the flow past a sharp corner in a supersonic stream is evaluated and the variations of flow properties in the relaxation zone are found. Numerical illustrations are provided using an ‘oxygen-like’ ideal gas and comparisons made with a characteristics solution. The flow past a sharp corner can be studied in a conventional shock tube and it may be possible to verify the present theory experimentally. In particular it may prove feasible to use the results to obtain a measure of the reaction rates in the gas mixture.
A note on the exponential map of a real or p-adic Lie group

where the right-hand side is an absolutely convergent series, involving higher-order brackets of X and Y, and (1.2) is valid for all small X and Y. For an exposition of this and any other facts Soncer3ing real Lie groups see [l]. The reason that (1.1) holds is that if X and Y commute so do tX and tY for real t so that by (1.2), exp’ tX mexp t Y = expt(X + Y) for small t, since all the other terms in the formula are zero. But then, by the identity theorem for real analytic functions, this holds for ali t. Taking t = 1 gives the result. Now, since the log inverts exp locally at the origin, and X and Y are small in (1.2), it follows that an absolutely convergent series of these brackets is also small. Hence
Depressive Symptoms, Relational Turbulence, and the Reintegration Difficulty of Military Couples Following Wartime Deployment

During reunion following wartime deployment, military couples are at risk for both depression and relationship distress (Bowling & Sherman, 2008). This article applies the relational turbulence model (Knobloch & Theiss, 2011a; Solomon & Theiss, 2011) to understand the difficulty military couples may experience upon homecoming. One hundred and eighteen military couples completed an online questionnaire once per month for the first 3 months upon reunion following wartime deployment. Multilevel modeling results indicated that people's depressive symptoms (H1), relational uncertainty (H2), and interference from partners (H3) predicted their difficulty with reintegration. A few partner effects were apparent as well. These findings illuminate the dynamics of the reunion period, extend the relational turbulence model, and suggest guidelines for helping military couples preserve well-being during reintegration following wartime deployment.
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism defects and atherosclerosis: frequent association of endothelial dysfunction in patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis

Cardiovascular lesions, including coronary artery stenosis, are frequently associated and can cause sudden death in patients with genetic defects of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) metabolism. Early diagnosis of coronary artery lesions is difficult, although potentially lifesaving. Histopathological similarities between atherosclerotic changes in adults and in patients with genetic GAG metabolism defects have been known. Atherosclerosis is the result of a complex process involving metabolism of GAGs and proteoglycans preceded by endothelial dysfunction as a key event. Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is considered the hallmark of endothelial dysfunction. Reduced NO synthase (NOS) has been reported in atherosclerotic arteries. Impairment in reactive hyperemia-digital peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) with EndoPAT has been validated to correlate coronary microvascular function in patients with atherosclerosis. RH-PAT is thought to reflect endothelial NO production. Immunohistological staining of endothelial NOS was performed in the stenotic lesions in the coronary artery of a 3-year-old patient with Mucopolysaccharidosis-I, showing decreased activities. This prompted a study to measure endothelial function in patients with GAG metabolism defects for early diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction in the coronary arteries as an early sign of coronary artery changes. Evaluation by RH-PAT in 30 patients with variable genetic defects in GAG metabolism revealed significantly decreased Reactive Hyperemia Indexes compared with 12 controls. Evaluation of endothelial function with RH-PAT in patients with GAG metabolism defects may detect coronary artery lesions that can be underdiagnosed by the other measures such as coronary angiography. Use of this method may prove vital in the management of patients with GAG metabolism defects.
SU(3) breaking and particle production

Abstract The effects upon measured particle-production ratios of the electromagnetic and weak decays of directly-produced particles are discussed. The importance of η production as a source of γ's, and of K S production as a source of π ±, s, is discussed. The f-dominated Pomeran-chukon model is explored as a possible source of η and K suppression. The predicted suppressions are however only of order 0.6; thus η and K production are predicted to be important at high energies, and, consequently 〈 n γ 〉 is predicted to significantly exceed 〈 n π + 〉 + 〈 n π − 〉 at high energy.
Alternative Perspectives in Philosophy of Mind and Their Relationship to Structural Equation Models in Psychology

Kievit and colleagues (this issue) consider the relationship between “neurological and behavioral measures” within the context of two approaches from the philosophy of mind: identity theory and sup...
Heterogeneity of the β-amino-preferring transport system in rat kidney cortex. Differential influence of glutathione oxidation

Abstract Taurine, a naturally found β-amino acid, is inert in rat renal cortex slices. Its active accumulation by slices is abolished by anaerobiosis, a strongly acidic media or the removal of Na+. Concentration-dependent uptake studies reveal more than one taurine carrier: the apparent K m value for uptake below 1.1 mM is 0.4 mM and the apparent K m value above 1.1 mM is 14.5 mM. Of all amino acids tested only β-alanine, another β-compound, inhibited uptake. The oxidizing agent diamide was used to lower the concentration of GSH in rat cortex slices. The ability to accumulate taurine by the low K m system was decreased in diamide-treated slices, but not by the high K m system. Diamide was found to greatly augment efflux of taurine taken up from lower concentrations but not from higher concentrations. GSH in the media prevented this diamide-induced inhibition of uptake and enhanced efflux at lower taurine concentrations. A possible mechanism of diamide inhibition of uptake is that intracellular GSH depletion leads to greatly enhanced efflux of taurine, thus preventing uptake.
Long-term mental health burden of family caregiving to heart transplant recipients

Objective: For most heart transplant (tx) recipients, family members adopt key caregiving roles in the maintenance of the recipient’s long-term post-tx health. There is little evidence beyond the initial recovery period regarding mental health risks and benefits associated with caregiving in this context. We examined prevalence and risk factors for depressive and anxiety-related disorders in caregivers through 3 years after the recipient’s tx. Procedures: In a cohort of 205 heart recipients, 190 identified a primary family caregiver. Caregivers received psychiatric and psychosocial evaluations at 2-, 7-, and 12-mos. post-tx, with long-term reevaluation at 36-mos. post-tx. Data on recipients’ physical health and post-tx course were obtained from medical records and nurse evaluations. Survival analysis determined the cumulative rates psychiatric disorders and the role of psychosocial risk factors in the caregiver sample. Results: Caregivers’ rates of depressive and anxiety-related disorders were considerably elevated over rates among (a) tx recipients themselves, and (b) community and chronic disease populations. By 3 years post-tx, the cumulative risks were: Major Depressive Disorder, 32.9%, Adjustment Disorders, 36.0% (30.1% with anxious mood); Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder related to the tx, 24.5%, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 8.0%, and any assessed disorder, 57.4%. In contrast to earlier analyses showing that psychiatric disorder was most likely during the first year post-tx for recipients, caregivers showing a continued increase in prevalence over the entire 3-year period. Among the factors increasing caregivers’ risk (p .05) for psychiatric disorder were: being the recipient’s spouse (rather than another relative), performing more daily caregiving tasks, greater time restriction due to caregiving, a poor relationship with the recipient, and low social supports from family and friends. Conclusions: There is a need for appropriate educational and clinical interventions to tx families, many of whom enter the tx experience with little knowledge as to what to expect in terms of daily life in the long-term post-tx.
Accelerated vascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: Role of macrophage

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition that is considered a major cause of death worldwide. Striking phenomena of atherosclerosis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is its high incidence in young patients. Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that differentiate from hematopoietic progenitors and reside in different tissues to preserve tissue integrity. Macrophages scavenge modified lipids and play a major role in the development of atherosclerosis. When activated, macrophages secret inflammatory cytokines. This activation triggers apoptosis of cells in the vicinity of macrophages. As such, macrophages play a significant role in tissue remodeling including atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture. In spite of studies carried on identifying the role of macrophages in atherosclerosis, this role has not been studied thoroughly in SLE-associated atherosclerosis. In this review, we address factors released by macrophages as well as extrinsic factors that may control macrophage behavior and their effect on accelerated development of atherosclerosis in SLE.
Immunolocalization of Enzymes, Binding Proteins, and Receptors Sufficient for Retinoic Acid Synthesis and Signaling During the Hair Cycle

Retinoic acid (RA) is essential for maintenance of most epithelial tissues. One RA biosynthesis pathway consists of cellular retinol-binding protein (Crbp), retinol dehydrogenase (Dhrs9/eRoldh), retinal dehydrogenase 1-3 (Aldh1a1-3), and cellular RA-binding protein 2 (Crabp2). Previously, we localized Aldh1a2 and Aldh1a3 to both epithelial and mesenchymal cells within the hair follicle throughout the hair cycle. This study expands that observation by examining the complete pathway of RA biosynthesis and signaling via RA receptors α , β , and γ by immunohistochemistry in C57BL/6J mice wax-stripped to initiate and synchronize the cycle. This pathway of RA biosynthesis and signaling localized to the majority of layers of the hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and interfollicular epidermis in a hair cycle-dependent manner, suggesting that RA biosynthesis within the hair follicle is regulated in both a spatial and temporal manner. This localization pattern also revealed insights into epithelial–mesenchymal interactions and differentiation state differences within the RA biosynthesis and signaling pathway, as well as novel observations on nuclear versus cytoplasmic localization of Crabp2 and RA receptors. This complex pattern of RA biosynthesis and signaling identified by immunolocalization suggests that endogenous RA regulates specific aspects of hair follicle growth, differentiation, and cycling.
Chemotherapy-induced Alopecia

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia is a distressing side effect common to certain treatment regimens in oncology. Unfortunately, chemotherapy-induced alopecia is an often overlooked or minor factor among our current research priorities and thus advances in amelioration have been minimal. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the clinically relevant basic science, clinical research, and current management options for chemotherapy-induced alopecia. We emphasize that hair loss secondary to chemotherapy is not as random or nonspecific in patterns or extent of disease, as one would initially perceive. Patient support and education information and templates are provided to facilitate patient treatment.
Thymic Flap for Bronchial Stump Reinforcement After Lobectomy

Buttressing of the bronchial stump after pulmonary resection has been reported to decrease the prevalence of bronchopleural fistula. This adjuvant maneuver is most commonly performed in patients undergoing resection for infection or in those who have received preoperative radiation. The anatomic location of the upper lobe bronchus often makes it difficult to create a tension-free flap using muscle or pericardial fat. Parietal pleura is often mobilized for such cases. We present a case in which the parietal pleura was not available, and the right inferior pole of the thymus was used for bronchial coverage following upper lobectomy.
A new species of Falcaustra (Nematoda, Kathlaniidae) and other nematodes from Sphenomorphus simus (Squamata, Scincidae) from Papua New Guinea

Falcaustra papuensis sp. nov. (Ascaridida, Kathlaniidae) from the large intestine of Sphenomorphus simus (Squamata, Sciencidae) is described and illustrated. Falcaustra papuensis represents the 4th Australo-Papuan species assigned to this genus and is distinguished from other Australo-Papuan species by the distribution pattern of caudal papillae (6 precloacal, 6 adcloacal, 8 postcloacal, and 1 median), length of spicules (561–714 μm) and presence of a pseudosucker. Sphenomorphus simus was found to harbor 2 additional species of nematodes, Meteterakis crombiei and Oswaldocruzia bakeri. Sphenomorphus simus represents a new host record for each of these nematode species.
Ab initio electronic structure studies in molecular spectroscopy and chemical thermodynamics

Abstract This article provides an overview of the principal computational approaches to the electronic structure of molecules and their applications in the areas of spectroscopy and thermodynamics. The emphasis is on techniques that include electron correlation to a high level with extended basis sets. Applications in spectroscopy include radiative lifetimes, electronic state separations, and identification of new band systems. Applications in thermodynamics are focused on C-H, O-H, metal-oxygen, and metal ion-rare-gas binding energies. Future developments of computational methods and methods of exploiting new computer hardware are expected to significantly extend the range of systems that can be treated reliably.
Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in the rat's brain during halothane anesthesia.

Abstract The horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method was used to study the effect of halothane anesthesia on retrograde transport in the central nervous system. Rats received neostriatal injections of 30% HRP (0.3 μl) and were placed in inhalation chambers perfused with air or air containing 1% halothane for up to 24 h. Subsequently, the brain were examined at rostro-caudal levels of the presence and distribution of HRP-containing cells. The number and distribution of HRP-labelled cells appearing at each cranial level were compared in control and halothane-anesthetized animals as a function of time. The results suggest that retrograde transport in the central nervous system is unaffected during halothane anesthesia.
Synaptic facilitation by reflected action potentials: Enhancement of transmission when nerve impulses reverse direction at axon branch points

A rapid, reversible enhancement of synaptic transmission from a sensory neuron is reported and explained by impulses that reverse direction, or reflect, at axon branch points. In leech mechanosensory neurons, where one can detect reflection because it is possible simultaneously to study electrical activity in separate branches, action potentials reflected from branch points within the central nervous system under physiological conditions. Synapses adjacent to these branch points were activated twice in rapid succession, first by an impulse arriving from the periphery and then by its reflection. This fast double-firing facilitated synaptic transmission, increasing it to more than twice its normal level. Reflection occurred within a range of resting membrane potentials, and electrical activity produced by mechanical stimulation changed membrane potential so as to produce and cease reflection. A compartmental model was used to investigate how branch-point morphology and electrical activity contribute to produce reflection. The model shows that mechanisms that hyperpolarize the membrane so as to impair action potential propagation can increase the range of structures that can produce reflection. This suggests that reflection is more likely to occur in other structures where impulses fail, such as in axons and dendrites in the mammalian brain. In leech sensory neurons, reflection increased transmission from central synapses only in those axon branches that innervate the edges of the receptive field in the skin, thereby sharpening spatial contrast. Reflection thus allows a neuron to amplify synaptic transmission from a selected group of its branches in a way that can be regulated by electrical activity.
Efficient frequency conversion at low power with periodic refocusing

By using multiple crystals of periodically poled lithium niobate arranged in a fan-fold configuration with mirrors between the crystals to periodically refocus the light and retroreflect it after the final crystal, one can achieve very long interaction lengths and efficient frequency conversion at low input power. We present the theory and numerical simulations of devices using this concept, including devices for singly resonant optical parametric oscillation and second-harmonic generation. We find quantitative agreement between plane-wave analysis of these devices and numerical simulations in three spatial dimensions.
Stereo camera calibration without absolute-world-coordinate information

A technique for calibrating stereo cameras to determine their relative rotations and translations without using absolute position information from external world reference points is proposed. The main idea is to calculate these rotations and translations using a single camera calibration method through a virtual world coordinate system. In this way the stereo camera calibration can be carried out using three reference points of known relative positions on the plane formed by the three points. In addition, we decompose the calibration equations into two groups. The first involves only relative rotational parameters, while the second deals only with translational parameters which can be solved analytically once the rotational parameters have been found. Extensive numerical simulations have shown that the proposed calibration technique is very robust.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Exploration of the relationship between water main breaks and temperature covariates

Water utilities (especially in colder climates) often experience an increase in water main breaks in colder seasons. Some observers argue that this increase largely occurs during the period when there are sudden and prolonged changes in water and air temperatures, which typically occur during the late fall to early winter (temperature drop) and late winter to early spring periods (temperature rise). This paper examines the impact of temperature changes on observed pipe breakage rate for three pipe materials, namely, cast iron, ductile iron and galvanised steel. Several water and air temperature-based covariates were tested in conjunction with a non-homogeneous Poisson pipe break model to assess their impact on water main breaks, using data sets from three different water utilities in the USA and Canada. Temperature-based covariates, such as average mean air temperature, maximum air temperature increase and decrease, and how fast the air temperature increase and decrease over a specific period of days, wer...
Characterization of Somatic Chromosome Morphology in Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.: Comparison of donor plant with regenerated protoclone

Somatic chromosome studies using acetocarmine and various banding procedures were initiated on plants of Medicago sativa (2n=4x=32), alfalfa. Banding methodologies were not superior to a conventional acetocarmine staining procedure in specific chromosome identification. A karyotype analysis was conducted on the acetocarmine-stained chromosomes of a plant (RS-K2) selected from the Regen-S cultivar. Chromosomes were divided into eight groups according to the tetraploid nature of M. sativa. Sixteen chromosomes had metacentric centromeres, with the remaining chromosomes appearing more submetacentric. Four SAT-chromosomes were detected, and chromosomes of one group exhibited tertiary constrictions. Certain chromosome groups were indistinguishable because of similar lengths and arm ratios. A generalized chromosome classification system was developed to aid in identification of specific changes in chromosome structure and number. Comparison of the karyotypes of the donor plant with a regenerated protoclone using the chromosome classification system indicated that translocations and chromosome loss occurred in specific chromosome groups.
Topological properties that model feature-based representation conversions within concurrent engineering

One of the fundamental axioms of concurrent engineering is that undertaking functional design without foreseeing the manufacturing process leads to production delays and increased costs. This widely accepted concurrent engineering principle is given a formal basis by development of a mathematical model for the conversion of a feature-based design representation to a manufacturing representation. Within the domain of thin-walled components, it is shown that the conversion to tooling cost representations can result in a discontinuous function when the sets of design and manufacturing representations have been formulated as topological spaces. This discontinuity formally reflects the folklore that a small design change can significantly increase product cost. The mathematical sophistication required within this model is suggestive of why manufacturability evaluations can be quite difficult.