cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative and qualitative changes in morphology of alveolar sacs with positive-pressure respiration.

SummaryEffects of positive-pressure respiration on alveolar sac diameters were determined in exposed lungs of living rats using incident light photomicrography. The same sacs were photographed at peak inspiration and at end expiration. Measurements were made on enlarged prints. The mean diameter of 100 sacs at peak inspiration was 66.6 ± 10.7 and 59.3 ± 4.5 μ at end expiration. Internal structure and external form of sacs varied with ventilation. On the basis of visual studies and photographic evidence it is postulated that these morphologic changes may be associated with gas and fluid exchange.
A survey based study on sleep disturbance in postural tachycardia syndrome.

Abstract Background Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is an autonomic disturbance characterized by an excessive increase in heart rate when an individual moves from a sitting to an upright position. POTS patients often complain of fatigue, daytime sleepiness and insomnia, but there is limited evidence to elucidate the mechanism or the prevalence of sleep-related symptoms in POTS, as well as the effect on patient quality of life. Here, we investigated the prevalence of sleep disturbances in POTS patients, as well as the use of medication and effects on daily life. Methods A survey was administered to 30 patients with POTS. The survey contained 22 questions on various characteristics of sleep disturbances in POTS. Answers were recorded on a five-point Likert rating scale. Results The majority of the patients reported fatigue (96.7%) and low energy (93.3%) during the day. Most (83.3%) patients reported that they do not feel well rested when waking up in the morning. More than half of the patients reported trouble falling asleep at night (63.3%) and maintaining sleep through the night (62.1%). Despite the frequent complaint of sleep disturbance, a very low percentage of POTS patient actually report seeking treatment. Conclusion In this study, we explored the prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients with POTS. Almost all POTS patients reported trouble with sleep and fatigue; however, there is major discrepancy between the high percentage of symptoms and small percentage of patients seeking medical assistance for better sleep quality.
Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Long-Term Hemodialysis

Now that problems of circulatory access, infection, osteodystrophy, and neuropathies seem under control, the major concerns today are the acceleration of atherosclerosis in patients in long-term treatment and the rehabilitation of those with psychosocial problems arising from dependence on a machine. Patients who previously faced only rapid, usually painful death are in some instances surviving for a decade or more.
Enhanced strength and temperature dependence of mechanical properties of Li at small scales and its implications for Li metal anodes

Most next-generation Li ion battery chemistries require a functioning lithium metal (Li) anode. However, its application in secondary batteries has been inhibited because of uncontrollable dendrite growth during cycling. Mechanical suppression of dendrite growth through solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) or through robust separators has shown the most potential for alleviating this problem. Studies of the mechanical behavior of Li at any length scale and temperature are limited because of its extreme reactivity, which renders sample preparation, transfer, microstructure characterization, and mechanical testing extremely challenging. We conduct nanomechanical experiments in an in situ scanning electron microscope and show that micrometer-sized Li attains extremely high strengths of 105 MPa at room temperature and of 35 MPa at 90 °C. We demonstrate that single-crystalline Li exhibits a power-law size effect at the micrometer and submicrometer length scales, with the strengthening exponent of −0.68 at room temperature and of −1.00 at 90 °C. We also report the elastic and shear moduli as a function of crystallographic orientation gleaned from experiments and first-principles calculations, which show a high level of anisotropy up to the melting point, where the elastic and shear moduli vary by a factor of ∼4 between the stiffest and most compliant orientations. The emergence of such high strengths in small-scale Li and sensitivity of this metal’s stiffness to crystallographic orientation help explain why the existing methods of dendrite suppression have been mainly unsuccessful and have significant implications for practical design of future-generation batteries.
Operational Methodology for Large-Scale Deployment of Nanosatellites into Low Earth Orbit

The on-orbit deployment of large numbers of nanosatellites is cast in terms of the relative motion equations, augmented with differential drag. Using this framework, a methodology is developed for minimizing the likelihood of recontact or interference among the deployed nanosatellites. This approach is applied to a representative test case derived from the Operationally Responsive Space Office’s Launch Enabler Mission, which delivered 28 small payloads to orbit in 2013. By strategically varying the deployment order, timing, and launch vehicle attitude, the net separation among each of the nanosatellites is demonstrated for the first three weeks with minimal close approaches. These results are validated using high-fidelity simulations.
A Novel Collaborative Virtual Reality Game for Children with ASD to Foster Social Interaction

Children with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often suffer from deficits in communication and social interaction, which lead to various social challenges in interacting with peers in collaborative tasks. The application of Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE) technology in ASD intervention brings advantages in providing a safe, flexible, and collaborative environment. This paper proposes and describes the development of a novel distributed CVE system for playing a series of collaborative games using hand movement that is tracked in real-time via cameras. These games aim to positively impact the social interaction of users. A usability study indicated potential of this system in fostering collaboration and communication skills among children with and without ASD.
Preventable Medical Errors Driven Modeling of Medical Best Practice Guidance Systems

In a medical environment such as Intensive Care Unit, there are many possible reasons to cause errors, and one important reason is the effect of human intellectual tasks. When designing an interactive healthcare system such as medical Cyber-Physical-Human Systems (CPHSystems), it is important to consider whether the system design can mitigate the errors caused by these tasks or not. In this paper, we first introduce five categories of generic intellectual tasks of humans, where tasks among each category may lead to potential medical errors. Then, we present an integrated modeling framework to model a medical CPHSystem and use UPPAAL as the foundation to integrate and verify the whole medical CPHSystem design models. With a verified and comprehensive model capturing the human intellectual tasks effects, we can design a more accurate and acceptable system. We use a cardiac arrest resuscitation guidance and navigation system (CAR-GNSystem) for such medical CPHSystem modeling. Experimental results show that the CPHSystem models help determine system design flaws and can mitigate the potential medical errors caused by the human intellectual tasks.
Development of an epiphyte indicator of nutrient enrichment: threshold values for seagrass epiphyte load.

Abstract Metrics of epiphyte load on macrophytes were evaluated for use as quantitative biological indicators for nutrient impacts in estuarine waters, based on review and analysis of the literature on epiphytes and macrophytes, primarily seagrasses, but including some brackish and freshwater rooted macrophyte species. An approach is presented that empirically derives threshold epiphyte loads which are likely to cause specified levels of decrease in macrophyte response metrics such as biomass, shoot density, percent cover, production and growth. Data from 36 studies of 10 macrophyte species were pooled to derive relationships between epiphyte load and −25 and −50% seagrass response levels, which are proposed as the primary basis for establishment of critical threshold values. Given multiple sources of variability in the response data, threshold ranges based on the range of values falling between the median and the 75th quantiles of observations at a given seagrass response level are proposed rather than single, critical point values. Four epiphyte load threshold categories − low, moderate, high, very high, are proposed. Comparison of values of epiphyte loads associated with 25 and 50% reductions in light to macrophytes suggest that the threshold ranges are realistic both in terms of the principle mechanism of impact to macrophytes and in terms of the magnitude of resultant impacts expressed by the macrophytes. Some variability in response levels was observed among climate regions, and additional data collected with a standardized approach could help in the development of regionalized threshold ranges for the epiphyte load indicator.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM NATIONAL SURVEYS

Investigating intimate partner violence (IPV) in different societies and analyzing micro- and macro-level factors that contribute to IPV is important for social scientists to understand the nature ...
Large magnetoresistance in bcc Co/MgO/Co and FeCo/MgO/FeCo tunnel junctions

By use of first-principles electronic structure calculations, we predict that the magnetoresistance of the bcc $\mathrm{Co}(100)∕\mathrm{Mg}\mathrm{O}(100)∕\mathrm{bcc}\mathrm{Co}(100)$ and $\mathrm{Fe}\mathrm{Co}(100)∕\mathrm{Mg}\mathrm{O}(100)∕\mathrm{Fe}\mathrm{Co}(100)$ tunneling junctions can be several times larger than the very large magnetoresistance predicted for the $\mathrm{Fe}(100)∕\mathrm{Mg}\mathrm{O}(100)∕\mathrm{Fe}(100)$ system. The origin of this large magnetoresistance can be understood by considering the electrons at the Fermi energy traveling perpendicular to the interfaces. For the minority spins there is no state with ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$ symmetry whereas for the majority spins there is only a ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$ state. The ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$ state decays much more slowly than the other states within the MgO barrier. In the absence of scattering which breaks the conservation of momentum parallel to the interfaces, the electrons traveling perpendicular to the interfaces undergo total reflection if the moments of the electrodes are antiparallel. These arguments apply equally well to systems with other well ordered tunnel barriers and for which the most slowly decaying complex energy band in the barrier has ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$ symmetry. Examples include systems with (100) layers constructed from Fe, bcc Co, or bcc FeCo electrodes and Ge, GaAs, or ZnSe barriers.
Point: How Quality Reporting Made Me a Better Doctor

I have spent most of my medical career working with health care teams to improve patient outcomes, in hospitals, outpatient clinics, an insurance company network, health system, skilled nursing facility, and in home visits. It is my contention that quality reporting certainly can lead to better
Transporte férreo de carga en Colombia: inversión y beneficios

La inversion en infraestructura de transporte ferreo ha estado limitada por las necesidades de la politica preferencial hacia el transporte de carga por carretera. Mientras que el crecimiento economico demanda un incremento en la capacidad ofrecida del transporte de carga, el costo de este se incrementa por causa de factores variables que inciden en los precios del sector productivo colombiano en el mercado nacional e internacional. El presente articulo, muestra un modelo que establece como otros paises basan su competitividad en mejores sistemas de transporte.
BISTRO measurement also means better measurement (Conference Presentation)

Brillouin microspectroscopy is an emerging technique in optical elastography. It allows measuring local high-frequency viscoelastic modulus in cells and tissues in a matter of seconds or hundreds of milliseconds. BISTRO (Brillouin Imaging and Sensing via Time-Resolved Optical) measurements relies on impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering to increase the signal strength and, hence, the speed of imaging, which can be as high as 1,000,000 pixels per second. However, there are several other untapped advantages of BISTRO measurements, and a particular intriguing one is the accuracy of Brillouin shift and linewidth assessments, which are substantially improved through BISTRO assessment. This allows high quality measurements not only to be done fast and more accurately, but also allows highly reproducible measurements over an extended period of time.
The iron-sulfur centers and the function of hydrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum.

Hydrogenase has widespread occurrence among bacteria and algae. Its function allows the organisms to grow under some stringent conditions. In essence, activation of molecular hydrogen by hydrogenase (e.g., H2:NAD+ oxidoreductase EC 1.12.1.2; H2:ferricytochrome c3 oxidoreductase EC 1.12.2.1) enables the organisms to use H2 as the primary source of energy and/or reductant. Alternatively, production of H2 through hydrogenase (e.g., H2:ferredoxin oxidoreductase EC 1.12.7.1) permits the organism to use protons, perhaps the most available oxidant under anaerobic conditions, as the terminal electron acceptor to dispose of the excess electrons produced in oxidative metabolism. The latter is particularly important for obligate anaerobes such as Clostridium pasteurianum. A more detailed discussion on the physiological role of hydrogenase among microorganisms appeared recently (Mortenson and Chen, 1974).
Human Cognitive Specializations

What makes the human mind different from the minds of other animals? Here, the cognitive abilities of human and nonhuman primates are compared and contrasted in three general domains: (1) self-awareness, (2) social cognition, and (3) physical cognition. Our analysis of the data is framed in terms of an overarching theory of human cognitive specialization. We postulate that many aspects of the human and the nonhuman primate mind are remarkably conserved. As a result, human and nonhuman primates share many cognitive and behavioral capabilities. However, we will argue that, despite the many similarities between the human and nonhuman mind, one fundamental feature of our species’ psychology is its ability to interpret observable variables in terms of unobservable (causal) forces. Consequently, although animals can develop rules premised on observable causes, humans can reason about both observable and unobservable causes, resulting in the kind of cognitive and behavioral flexibility that characterizes our species.
Developmental Assessment of Handicapped Infants and Young Children: With Special Attention to the Visually Impaired:

To effectively plan for services for young handicapped children, early objective developmental assessments are necessary. Although caution must be exercised in their use, assessment measures for in...
Debt and Taxes? The Effect of TCJA Interest Limitations on Capital Structure

The Tax Cuts & Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) placed limitations on the deductibility of interest for U.S. firms. Using a difference-in-differences design examining both affected and unaffected firms, we show that following the enactment of the new limitations, affected firms significantly decrease corporate leverage. Specifically, we find that relative to unaffected U.S. firms, affected firms experience a decrease in leverage of 2.9% of assets; corresponding to about $126 million per firm and $29.8 billion aggregated over our full sample. This represents a debt decrease of 5.8% relative to the average debt to asset ratio for the pre-TCJA affected sample. We find similar results using a triple differences design, which benchmarks debt trends in the U.S. to those of unaffected and pseudo-affected Canadian firms that would be subject to the limitation had they been U.S. firms. These results are driven by decreases in long-term domestic debt and by declines in new issuances rather than repayment of existing debt. Robustness tests indicate other elements of tax reform do not influence the results. We also find firms not currently subject to limitations on interest but subject to future limitations decrease leverage by about half as much as firms currently subject to interest limits.
Web Development Training for Students That Are Blind

Although technology can improve access and participation for people that are blind or low-vision, barriers throughout Engineering, and Technology education limit the number of people seeking and retaining jobs in these fields [5]. In the realm of Computing, web development skills are the most sought-after skill set relating to employability [7]. The dissertation work proposed here, is a mixed methods study of web development curricula created specifically for students with visual impairments that are interested in learning how to program. Specifically, this project comprises the development and evaluation of a 10-day course in web development. Here, I describe previous work in this area, research and curriculum design, as well as the significance of this project.
LOCALIZED MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS TRAUMATICA: CASE SERIES

Background Myositis ossificans traumatica (MOT) is defined as deposition of bone or ossification in muscles and/or soft tissues with a history of trauma or hematoma. It is uncommon to see MOT in the head and neck region, including the masticatory muscles. We report a series of 3 cases with calcifications in the temporalis muscles, as seen on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Clinical and Radiographic Findings Case 1: A 97-year-old male patient with osteonecrosis of the mandible. CBCT revealed several incidental linear radiopaque masses in the 2 temporal fossae, representing calcifications in the temporalis muscles. The appearance was consistent with localized MOT. Case 2: A 52-year-old female patient with a swelling of the anterior maxilla and history of Le Fort I osteotomy. CBCT showed several incidental linear radiopaque masses in the region of the temporalis muscles bilaterally. These calcifications were not seen in the CBCT image made 6 years previously. The appearance was consistent with localized MOT. Case 3: An 80-year-old male with right maxillary alveolar ridge squamous cell carcinoma who underwent right maxillectomy and neck dissection. His CBCT image displayed several incidental linear radiopaque masses in the right temporal area. These calcifications appeared to be related to the surgical procedure performed near this area. The appearance was consistent with localized MOT. Discussion/ Conclusions MOT involving muscles of mastication mostly affects the masseter muscle, whereas the temporalis muscle is the least affected. Removal of the calcification is indicated only if it occurs near a joint in the origin or the insertion of a muscle. The maxillofacial radiologist should carefully investigate the areas near the surgical procedure because it might cause contusion/trauma to nearby structures, which can lead to calcification of the muscles.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of the Cardiovascular System: New Looks for Old Diseases

Cardiovascular disease encompasses a wide range of conditions, resulting in the highest number of deaths worldwide. The underlying pathologies surrounding cardiovascular disease include a vast and complicated network of both cellular and molecular mechanisms. Unique phenotypic alterations in specific cell types, visualized as varying RNA expression-levels (both coding and non-coding), have been identified as crucial factors in the pathology underlying conditions such as heart failure and atherosclerosis. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have elucidated a new realm of cell subpopulations and transcriptional variations that are associated with normal and pathological physiology in a wide variety of diseases. This breakthrough in the phenotypical understanding of our cells has brought novel insight into cardiovascular basic science. scRNA-seq allows for separation of widely distinct cell subpopulations which were, until recently, simply averaged together with bulk-tissue RNA-seq. scRNA-seq has been used to identify novel cell types in the heart and vasculature that could be implicated in a variety of disease pathologies. Furthermore, scRNA-seq has been able to identify significant heterogeneity of phenotypes within individual cell subtype populations. The ability to characterize single cells based on transcriptional phenotypes allows researchers the ability to map development of cells and identify changes in specific subpopulations due to diseases at a very high throughput. This review looks at recent scRNA-seq studies of various aspects of the cardiovascular system and discusses their potential value to our understanding of the cardiovascular system and pathology.
Popular Music Studies and Interdisciplinarity

Recent trends suggest that the interdisciplinary character that defined popular music studies in its formative stages has been supplanted by retrenchment along lines of disciplinary or sub-disciplinary alliance. In this article, I briefly survey some of the signs of the field’s realignment in the past two decades, drawing upon my experience as president of the US chapter of the International Association for the Study of Popular Music (IASPM-US) and my longer career as a popular music scholar. One of the primary signs of the vitality and strength of popular music studies is also, somewhat paradoxically, a source for this shift in the field: namely, that popular music studies has a much wider variety of institutional homes today than it had in the early 1980s, when IASPM as an international organization was founded, or in the late 1990s, when I first began to attend popular music conferences on a regular basis. Most major North American music organizations of standing—the American Musicological Society, Society for Ethnomusicology and Society for Music Theory among them—now have sections or interest groups dedicated to popular music studies. This proliferation of settings where popular music scholarship finds support is no doubt a positive development, but I would argue that it has fostered a move away from the more dedicated sort of interdisciplinary space for popular music studies represented by IASPM-US. I consider some of the structural factors within academia that would lead scholars to prefer conducting popular music scholarship under the rubric of a more finite disciplinary affiliation and argue for the continued value of an interdisciplinary popular music studies.
Characteristics of the vaginal microbiome in women with and without clinically confirmed vulvodynia

Abstract Background Vulvodynia (idiopathic vulvar pain) affects up to 8% of women by age 40, has a poorly understood etiology, and variable treatment efficacy. Several risk factors are associated with vulvodynia from history of yeast infections to depression and allergies. Recent work suggests an altered immune inflammatory mechanism plays a role in vulvodynia pathophysiology. As the vaginal microbiome plays an important role in local immune-inflammatory responses, we evaluated the vaginal microbiome among women with vulvodynia compared to controls as one component of the immune system. Objective Characterize the vaginal microbiome in women with clinically-confirmed vulvodynia and age-matched controls and assess its overall association with vulvodynia, and how it may serve to modify other factors that are associated with vulvodynia as well. Study Design: We conducted a case-control study of 234 Minneapolis/Saint Paul area women with clinically-confirmed vulvodynia and 234 age-matched controls clinically confirmed with no history of vulvar pain. All participants provided vulvovaginal swab samples for culture-based and non-culture (sequencing) based microbiological assessments; background and medical history questionnaires on demographic characteristics, sexual and reproductive history, and history of psychosocial factors. Vaginal microbiome diversity was assessed using the Shannon Alpha Diversity Index. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results Culture and molecular-based analyses of the vaginal microbiome showed few differences between cases and controls. However, among women with alpha diversity below the median (low), there was a strong association between increasing numbers of yeast infections and vulvodynia onset, relative to comparable time periods among controls (age-adjusted odds ratio [OR] 8.1, 95% CI: 2.9-22.7 in those with 5 or more yeast infections). Also among women with low diversity microbiomes, we observed a strong association between moderate-to-severe childhood abuse, antecedent anxiety, depression, and high levels of rumination and vulvodynia with ORs from 1.83 to 2.81. These associations were not observed in women with high diversity microbiomes. Conclusions Although there were no overall differences in microbiome profiles between cases and controls, vaginal microbiome diversity influenced associations between environmental and psychosocial risk factors and vulvodynia. However, it is unclear whether vaginal diversity modifies the association between the risk factors and vulvodynia or is altered as a consequence of the associations.
MISPLACEMENT OF SINGLE LEAD PACEMAKER INTO LEFT VENTRICLE VIA DIRECT AORTIC PUNCTURE THROUGH THE LUNG AND APPROACH FOR REMOVAL

Left ventricle (LV) lead misplacement is a rare complication of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) placement, mainly due to an inadvertent access to the subclavian artery. A frail 81 year-old woman (BMI of 15) received a single chamber pacemaker at an outside institution for
Teachers’ Efficacy, Identity and Motivational Strategies and their Effects on L2 learners’ Achievement

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between three teacher-related variables, namely, teaching efficacy, institutional identity and motivational strategy use, with students’ L2 achievement. The study further intended to pinpoint gender differences in each of the aforementioned teacher-related variables. To this end, 120 (60 male and 60 female) EFL teachers took part in the study by completing Teacher Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran & Hoy, 2001), Institutional Identity Scale developed by Azimi (2012), and Motivational Strategy Use Scale developed by Cheng and Dornyei (2007). Furthermore, the final class outcomes of the teachers’ students (n=2045) were collected. The participants were EFL learners and their teachers. The results of Pearson Correlations indicated that there existed significant and positive relationship between the three aforementioned teacher-related variables of EFL teachers and their students’ L2 achievement. The results revealed that EFL teachers’ efficacy, institutional identity and motivational strategy use had a significant and positive relationship with their students’ L2 achievement. A Significant difference was found between the male and female EFL teachers. Also, Motivational strategy use was the strongest predictor of Iranian EFL students’ L2 achievement. Based on the findings of the study, a number of pedagogical implications could be recommended. The findings will provide rational support for proposing that EFL teachers should invest in improving their knowledge of teaching efficacy, institutional identity and motivational strategy use.
Source location with cross-coherence migration

ABSTRACTLocating microseismic source positions using seismic energy emitted from hydraulic fracturing is essential for choosing optimal fracking parameters and maximizing the fracturing effects in ...
Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Identifies Pathogenic Variants in Kidney Disease-Related Genes in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease

Diabetes is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). For patients with diabetes and CKD, the underlying cause of their kidney disease is often assumed to be a consequence of their diabetes. Without histopathological confirmation, however, the underlying cause of their kidney disease is unclear. Recent studies have shown that next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides a promising avenue toward uncovering and establishing precise genetic diagnoses in various forms of kidney disease. Here, we set out to investigate the genetic basis of disease in non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients by performing targeted NGS using a custom panel comprised of 345 kidney disease-related genes. Our analysis identified rare diagnostic variants that were consistent with the clinical diagnosis of 19% of the NDKD patients included in this study. Similarly, 22% of DKD patients were found to carry rare pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in kidney disease-related genes included on our panel. Genetic variants suggestive of NDKD were detected in 3% of the diabetic patients included in this study. Our findings suggest that rare variants in kidney disease-related genes in the context of diabetic pathophysiology may play a role in the pathogenesis of kidney disease in patients with diabetes.
Contemporary Radiation for Spinal Metastasis and Spinal Cord Compression

Spine metastases have been treated for palliation of pain with conventional radiotherapy. Recent development of spine radiosurgery, also called stereotactic body radiotherapy, showed improvement of local tumor control at the treated spine level as well as pain control. The accumulated experience opens a paradigm shift of treating spine metastases with or without spinal cord compression for limited spine involvement or in the context of oligometastasis. In this chapter, the new treatment method of spine metastasis and spinal cord compression is discussed.
Heparin mimetics as tools for modulation of biology and therapy

Abstract Heparin, a highly sulfated polysaccharide of the glycosaminoglycan family, has been used as an anticoagulant drug since the 1930s. However, the structural heterogeneity and side effects of heparin pose limitations to their wide clinical use. Synthetic and semi-synthetic heparin mimetics have been rationally designed to overcome these disadvantages. Heparin could also have other therapeutic functions such as anti-tumor activities due to its interactions with a range of biological targets including heparanase and growth factors. The anti-coagulant property of heparin can impede its development as anti-cancer agents. Non-anticoagulant heparin mimetics have been investigated. This chapter encompasses the development of heparin mimetics as anticoagulants, growth factor binders, and heparanase inhibitors. Diverse structures of these heparin mimetics, including oligosaccharides, non-carbohydrate based small molecules, and multivalent glycopolymers and dendrimers, are discussed.
Finding a Balance between Diversity and Target Language: A Case of a Japanese Language Program in a Private University

One of the challenges that language professionals face in our increasingly diverse communities is establishing a balance between diversity and language standards. While Standard Japanese can be considered a common language to interact with the majority of Japanese speakers who may not be accustomed to nonnative speech (ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines, 2012), the strict requirement to follow the monolingual standard may disregard the legitimacy of multilingual speakers, including nonstandard dialect speakers. This article discusses pros and cons of setting standards in language programs and relevant findings concerning the native speaker fallacy (Author, 2019). Then the author will share his shifting perspectives on errors, interlanguage, dialectal differences, and certain “nonstandard” practices (e.g. translanguaging) in his experience of training, hiring, and supervising teaching assistants at Brigham Young University.
The translocated c-myc oncogene of Burkitt lymphoma is differentially regulated in lymphoblastoid vs plasma cells.

We have shown that the c-myc oncogene translocates from its normal position on band q24 of chromosome 8 to the heavy chain locus on chromosome 14 in Burkitt lymphomas with the t(8;14) chromosome translocation, while the c-myc oncogene remains on chromosome 8 and either the lambda or the kappa chain locus translocates to a region distal to the c-myc oncogene in Burkitt lymphoma with the t(8;22) and t(2;8) translocations, respectively (Dalla Favera 1982, 1983; Erikson 1983, 1983a; Croce 1983). Independently of whether it is structurally rearranged, the c-myc oncogene involved in the translocation is transcriptionally active, while the c-myc oncogene on the normal chromosome 8 is transcriptionally silent (Erikson 1983, 1983a; Croce 1983; Nishikura 1983; ar-Rushdi 1983). We have also shown that while the c-myc oncogene involved in the translocation escapes normal transcriptional control, the untranslocated c-myc oncogene on normal chromosome 8 is repressed in plasma cells (Erikson 1983; 1983a; Croce 1983; Nishikura 1983; ar-Rushdi 1983). To determine whether the activation of the translocated c-myc oncogene depends on the differentiated state of the B cells harboring the c-myc oncogene involved in the translocation, we have hybridized different human Burkitt lymphoma cells with human lymphoblastoid cells and with mouse plasmacytoma cells and examined the hybrids for the expression of the normal and of the involved c-myc oncogene.
75 Incidence of lymph node metastasis in apparent early stage endometrioid ovarian carcinoma

Introduction Aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of lymph node metastasis among patients with apparent early stage endometrioid ovarian carcinoma (EOOC). Methods Patients with apparent early stage EOOC, with known tumor grade and substage diagnosed between 2004–2015 were drawn from the National Cancer Database. Performance of lymph node sampling/dissection (LND) and incidence of LN metastases were evaluated from the pathology report. Results A total of 9725 patients with apparent early stage EOOC were identified; 44.4%, 40.5% and 15.1% had grade 1, 2 and 3 tumors respectively. 7480 (76.9%) underwent LND with a median of 12.5 LNs removed. The overall incidence of LN metastasis was 2.2%; specifically, 1.2% for grade 1, 2.2% for grade 2, and 5.1% for grade 3 tumors (p Conclusions The incidence of LN metastasis for patients with grade 1 and 2 EOOC is overall low. LND should be considered for patients with grade 3 tumors.
Par protein localization during the early development of Mnemiopsis leidyi suggests different modes of epithelial organization in Metazoa

In bilaterians and cnidarians, embryonic and epithelial cell-polarity are regulated by the interactions between Par proteins, Wnt/PCP signaling pathway, and cell-cell adhesion. Par proteins are highly conserved across Metazoa, including ctenophores. But strikingly, ctenophore genomes lack components of the Wnt/PCP pathway and cell-cell adhesion complexes; raising the question if ctenophore cells are polarized by mechanisms involving Par proteins. Here, by using immunohistochemistry and live-cell imaging overexpression of specific mRNAs, we describe for the first time the subcellular localization of selected Par proteins in blastomeres and epithelial cells during the embryogenesis of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi . We show that these proteins distribute differently compared to what has been described for other animals, even though they segregate in a host-specific fashion when expressed in cnidarian embryos. This differential localization might be related to the emergence of different junctional complexes during metazoan evolution. Data obtained here challenge the ancestry of the apicobasal cell polarity and raise questions about the homology of epithelial tissue across the Metazoa.
Body armor for the mind: Preparing mentally for emergency and disaster management

This chapter looks at the often overlooked yet vitally important steps of mental preparation for first responders, emergency and disaster management personnel, and command center staffs. This chapter will delve into the importance of using simulations and exercises to focus on the mental well-being of our responders to prevent future incidents of post-traumatic stress disorder and other health issues. The past 19 years of war against terrorism starting with the attacks on 9/11 coupled with the recent outbreak of COVID-19 has brought to the forefront the necessity to mentally prepare our warriors, our first responders, and our medical personnel to operate effectively in the toxic environment of a disaster or emergency. This chapter aims to help build that awareness and facilitate planning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Brief Report: A Preliminary Study of the Relationship between Repetitive Behaviors and Concurrent Executive Function Demands in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The present study evaluated the hypothesis that the strength of the relationship between executive function (EF) and repetitive behaviors and restricted interests (RBRI) symptomatology is moderated by the degree to which concurrent demands are placed on multiple aspects of EF. An eye movement task was used to evaluate inhibition and task switching ability (both together and in isolation) in a sample of 22 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) was used to assess the severity of RBRI symptoms. Results provide preliminary support for the aforementioned hypothesis. RBS-R scores were significantly correlated with task performance when simultaneous demands were placed on switching and inhibition; however, no such relationship was found for inhibition-only or switching-only task conditions.
Outcomes of mohs microgrpahic resection for cutaneous malignancy involving the scrotum.

Abstract Introduction Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and extramammary Paget's Disease (EMPD) of the scrotum are exceedingly rare. Given their propensity for local invasion and treatment with wide local excision, they can be highly morbid conditions. Outcomes of Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) for scrotal cutaneous malignancy is not well described in current literature. We hypothesized that MMS for scrotal cutaneous malignancy would provide equivalent or improved oncologic outcomes while limiting the morbidity associated with wide excision. Materials/Methods This is a retrospective review and analysis of a prospectively maintained database spanning entries from 2005 to 2019. Collected data included general patient characteristics and surgical characteristics reported on a per lesion basis. MMS was performed by our institution's department of dermatology using their standard technique. Results Overall, a total of 26 consecutive patients with 28 lesions (SCC or EMPD) were analyzed. Out of our cohort of 15 patients with 16 scrotal SCC lesions, 10 (66%) patients were current or former smokers, 4 (26%) were immunosuppressed, and 2 (13%) had HPV infections. The median preoperative and postoperative size of SCC lesions were 5.7cm [2] and 20.2cm [2] respectively. There was one (6%) oncologic recurrence of SCC of the scrotum and one (6%) local wound complication. Our cohort also included 11 patients with 12 scrotal EMPD lesions. One patient (9%) had an underlying associated malignancy (prostate cancer). The preoperative and postoperative area of lesions were 50.6cm [2] and 96.4cm [2] respectively. One (9%) EMPD lesion had a positive final margin at resection requiring reoperation. After achieving negative surgical margins, no patients in this cohort had an oncologic recurrence. 3 (26%) scrotal EMPD cases had local wound postoperative complications, only one required reoperation. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first case series focused on MMS for both SCC and EMPD with scrotal involvement. Our data suggests that MMS for scrotal cutaneous malignancy may improve oncologic outcomes and may decreases local post-operative reconstructive issues when compared to reported outcomes of treatment with wide local excision. When able, scrotal cutaneous malignancy patients should be referred to urologists at centers with MMS capabilities as it likely will improve their outcomes. The urologist should maintain active involvement with these patients to coordinate this complex and advanced pattern of care.
Functional differentiation in the language network revealed by lesion-symptom mapping

Abstract Theories of language organization in the brain commonly posit that different regions underlie distinct linguistic mechanisms. However, such theories have been criticized on the grounds that many neuroimaging studies of language processing find similar effects across regions. Moreover, condition by region interaction effects, which provide the strongest evidence of functional differentiation between regions, have rarely been offered in support of these theories. Here we address this by using lesion-symptom mapping in two large, partially-overlapping groups of aphasia patients with left hemisphere brain damage due to stroke (N=121, N=92). We identified multiple measure by region interaction effects, associating damage to the posterior middle temporal gyrus with syntactic comprehension deficits, damage to posterior inferior frontal gyrus with expressive agrammatism, and damage to inferior angular gyrus with semantic category word fluency deficits. Our results are inconsistent with recent hypotheses that regions of the language network are undifferentiated with respect to high-level linguistic processing.
Dual-band Transceiver with Mutually-coupled On-chip Antennas for Implantable/Wearable Devices

This paper presents a fully integrated dual-band transceiver (TRX) with mutually-coupled on-chip antennas for implantable and wearable devices. It operates at 915 MHz and 2.4 GHz in both transmit and receive modes to enable bidirectional communication between medical and consumer electronics using a single chip. The TRX is fabricated in 180 nm CMOS along with a power management unit (PMU) with a size of 2.4×1.9 mm2, The PMU generates the required supplies to power the internal TRX, external sensors, and controller units from a single battery. The transmitter (TX) consists of a mutually-coupled dual-band oscillator and uses the on-chip antennas as the inductors of the oscillators. The maximum uplink data rates of the TXs are 20 Mb/s and 40 Mb/s for 915 MHz and 2.4 GHz, respectively, with corresponding TX efficiencies of 62 pJ/b and 35 pJ/b. The maximum achievable downlink data rates are 2 Mb/s and 1 Mb/s for 915 MHz and 2.4 GHz, respectively, resulting in 2 pJ/b and 4 pJ/b of energy efficiencies. Importantly, the proposed TRX achieves uplink and downlink communication ranges of 30 cm and 17 cm for the 915 MHz band, and of 38 cm and 2 cm for the 2.4 GHz band, respectively.
The energetic basis of behavior: bridging behavioral ecology and neuroscience

Though studies in behavioral ecology and neuroscience independently emphasize a role for energy metabolism in modulating complex behavioral phenotypes, few studies have integrated both neurobiological and behavioral ecological perspectives to examine the mechanisms underpinning behavioral variation under different energetic conditions. Understanding these mechanisms across scales of biological organization has implications for behavioral evolution. Here we review the scope of known relationships between energy metabolism and behavior, focusing on honey bees, in which aggression, a complex behavior requiring multi-modal sensory integration, has been found to be associated with contrasting changes in energy metabolism at the whole-organism and brain levels. We explore the implications of tissue differences in metabolic rate, and how changes in energy metabolism in the aggressive brain may have consequences other than energy production. Increased knowledge of the brain energy correlates of behavior will clarify the role of energy in behavioral regulation and evolution.
“Remember the Readings and Preachings of God’s Prophet and True Preacher, Martin Bucer”: Bucer’s Sojourn in Cambridge, 1549–1551

It was into the context of continued curricular reform and the onset of unfettered evangelical Reform in Cambridge that Bucer arrived in 1549, and by the end of the year was installed as Regius Professor of Divinity. His lectures on Ephesians were given in the midst of the turmoil of Reformation in mid-Tudor Cambridge, an atmosphere that was already charged prior to Bucer’s arrival. It is apparent that Bucer sought to conform his lectures to the needs of Cambridge as he saw them, and that his reception was charged in both a positive sense and a negative one. With respect to the latter sense, he faced strong opposition from conservative fellows of the College to which he was attached, Trinity College, an opposition which was intensified by how he presented doctrine in the lectures, as well as the doctrine itself. The evidence we have of the lectures is found principally in the Praelectiones, edited by Tremellius after Bucer’s death (Bucer died before completing them) and published in 1562; additional, more limited evidence is found in the Scripta Anglicana and notes taken by a Trinity Student, John Banck, but as a representation of the whole of Bucer’s lectures, Tremellius’s edition is the fullest we have.
The Future of SIPP for Analyzing Disability and Health

The paper describes SIPP data elements pertaining to health and disability, examines broad policy needs for health and disability issues from the perspective of the Department of Health and Human Services, and contains recommendations for future SIPP design. Specific health and disability items described include health insurance, health care utilization, participation in Federal disability programs, functional disability (i.e. ADLs and IADLs), work disability, and children's disability. The paper contains recommendations to more consistently collect health and disability data in SIPP. Although the goals of SIPP are to study the dynamics of Federal program participation and describe the income distribution of the population, since program participation and income are so closely influenced by health and disability, SIPP' s goals cannot be fully met until health and disability data are collected more consistently.
Molecular profiling of activated olfactory neurons identifies odorant receptors for odors in vivo

The mammalian olfactory system uses a large family of odorant receptors (ORs) to detect and discriminate amongst a myriad of volatile odor molecules. Understanding odor coding requires comprehensive mapping between ORs and corresponding odors. We developed a means of high-throughput in vivo identification of OR repertoires responding to odorants using phosphorylated ribosome immunoprecipitation of mRNA from olfactory epithelium of odor-stimulated mice followed by RNA-Seq. This approach screened the endogenously expressed ORs against an odor in one set of experiments using awake and freely behaving mice. In combination with validations in a heterologous system, we identified sets of ORs for two odorants, acetophenone and 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT), encompassing 69 OR-odorant pairs. We also identified shared amino acid residues specific to the acetophenone or TMT receptors and developed models to predict receptor activation by acetophenone. Our results provide a method for understanding the combinatorial coding of odors in vivo.
Comparative performance evaluation of global-local hybrid ensemble

This paper presents a comprehensive simulation study which aims to profile the performance capabilities of the global-local hybrid ensemble in comparison with leading ensemble classifiers as reported in recent studies in the literature. The global-local hybrid ensemble is implemented with decision tree (global) and nearest-neighbor (local) base learners and its accuracy performance is compared, on 46 benchmark datasets from the UCI machine learning repository, to those of other ensembles from six prominent studies in the literature. Through statistical significance testing, it is shown that the global-local hybrid ensemble is a robust classifier design: over a larger spectrum of data domains, it performs competitively with other leading ensembles.