cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Intentionality of Transcendentally Pure Consciousness

Chapter Four of my study of Husserl’s phenomenological account of intentionality will be concerned with his exhibition of the transcendental manifestation of this phenomenon. It appears to me that Husserl finds the motivation for the transcendental turn in the “paradoxical ambiguity” which phenomenology’s methodological reflections encounter, when they attempt to exhibit the subjective origin of the Sinn manifested by the world-horizon. Specifically, so long as the subjectivity of this origin is understood to belong to the non-actional intentionality of the worldly “I,” a psychologism results. Hence, in this final discussion of Part One, I will endeavor to clarify Husserl’s transcendental resolution of this psychologistic paradox, by bringing into relief his temporal analyses of the “subject pole” of intentionality. In particular, I will try to show the following: (1) That and how these analyses lead Husserl to eidetically differentiate actional and nonactional intentionalities, at both the phenomenologically psychological and transcendental level of pure subjectivity and (2); that such differentiations do not involve a multiplicity of pure egos and their non-actional horizonal consciousnesses, but rather, these differentiations involve evidentially different manifestations of the “same” phenomenon as it appears, respectively, within the mundane and transcendental attitudes.
A Phase-Specific Model For Psychiatric Residency Training: A Training Director’s Perspective

A model for residency training in psychiatry is presented based on a series of maturational steps in professional identity. According to this view, resolving phase specific learning tasks enables the resident to acquire such attributes as psychiatric physicianhood, disciplined subjectivity, and professional competence and freedom. At each level or phase there is a characteristic method, locus type of relationship, and integrating frame of reference that best facilitates learning. Some applications of the model, including the integration of specific curriculum objectives, are discussed.
Observation of Breaking Ocean Waves with Coherent Microwave Radar

Coherent microwave radar observations with vertical polarization at 9.375 GHz are performed of breaking ocean waves in deep water (Nordsee Tower in the German Bight) and in shallow water (Jennette’s Pier, Nags Head, North Carolina) to illustrate the capability of this instrument to obtain further insight into this nonlinear, unsteady, turbulent, and multiphase process. Coherent microwave radar normally detects the phase (speed) and amplitude (energy) of the short gravity (Bragg resonant) waves (Wright, 1978). In the case of breaking waves, the line-of-sight velocity and amplitude of the backscattered electromagnetic radiation not only contain Bragg scattering contribution, but in addition specular surface scattering and volume scattering if the mixed turbulent fluid during breaking is of low enough density to approach the value in air. In this investigation some very interesting and unusual cases of wave breaking are reported with the radar observations, suggesting that radar may be the ideal instrument to observe breaking waves.
Integrity improvements to an RFID privacy protection protocol for anti-counterfeiting

The privacy problem of many RFID systems has been extensively studied. Yet integrity in RFID has not received as much attention as in regular computer systems. Some RFID applications require strong integrity as well as privacy, such as anti-counterfeiting, in which RFID tags are used to authenticate items being tagged. In this paper, we propose an integrity model for RFID protocols. We then apply it to analyze integrity within the Squealing Euros protocol [9]. a protocol for RFID enabled banknotes that supports lawful tracing and preserves individual's privacy. We then construct an improved protocol which provides integrity for the law enforcement, within a RFID privacy protection protocol for RFID enabled banknotes.
Rubiacearum Americanarum Magna Hama Pars XL: Overview of Palicourea sect. Egenses, with Two New Species and a New Subspecies (Palicoureeae)

The newly circumscribed group Palicourea Aubl. sect. Egenses C. M. Taylor includes 13 species found in South America in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, the Guayana Highlands, northwestern Venezuela, and the central Andes, often on nutrient-poor (oligotrophic) soils, and is diagnosed by features of its leaves, inflorescences, and fruits. Its species are separated mainly by details of stipules, inflorescence arrangement, bracts, and flower and fruit size, as outlined in a key, and have different ranges and some unusual morphological features as detailed for each. Newly published here are the combination P. moyobambana (Standl.) C. M. Taylor, the new species P. articulata C. M. Taylor from southeastern Colombia and P. flagellifera C. M. Taylor from Amazonian Colombia, and the new subspecies P. egensis subsp. zuliana C. M. Taylor from northwestern Venezuela.
Accuracy of frame-based and frameless systems for deep brain stimulation: A meta-analysis.

Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for movement disorders. It relies on the accurate placement of leads within small nuclei in the basal ganglia. Traditionally, this has been done with great success using frame-based stereotaxy. More recently, frameless systems have been introduced, and several studies have investigated whether they can achieve a similar accuracy. The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the difference in targeting accuracy between frameless and frame-based systems in deep brain stimulation, using prior studies reporting error in all cardinal directions. We recorded the mean error and standard deviation, and calculated the composite mean difference in error between frame-based and frameless methods using standard difference of means. A total of 76 papers were screened, 25 papers were further assessed, and 5 papers were included in the meta-analysis for a total of 425 DBS electrode placements evaluated. Standard difference of means analysis revealed a statistically significant benefit to frame-based stereotaxy for the x and y coordinates with p = 0.036 and p = 0.0025, respectively. There was no significant difference in the z coordinate. However, the mean differences between frame-based and frameless stereotaxy was small and the composite mean differences were found to be 0.3037 mm, 0.0305 mm, and 0.1630 mm in the x, y and z direction. Our analysis shows that frameless systems represent a reasonable alternative to frame-based methods. Though there was a statistically significant loss of accuracy with frameless methods, the size of this effect was very small and of questionable clinical significance.
Highly competent, non-exhausted CD8+ T cells continue to tightly control pathogen load throughout chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection

Trypanosoma cruzi infection is characterized by chronic parasitism of non-lymphoid tissues and is rarely eliminated despite potent adaptive immune responses. This failure to cure has frequently been attributed to a loss or impairment of anti-T. cruzi T cell responses over time, analogous to the T cell dysfunction described for other persistent infections. In this study, we have evaluated the role of CD8+ T cells during chronic T. cruzi infection (>100 dpi), with a focus on sites of pathogen persistence. Consistent with repetitive antigen exposure during chronic infection, parasite-specific CD8+ T cells from multiple organs expressed high levels of KLRG1, but exhibit a preferential accumulation of CD69+ cells in skeletal muscle, indicating recent antigen encounter in a niche for T. cruzi persistence. A significant proportion of CD8+ T cells in the muscle also produced IFNγ, TNFα and granzyme B in situ, an indication of their detection of and functional response to T. cruzi in vivo. CD8+ T cell function was crucial for the control of parasite burden during chronic infection as exacerbation of parasite load was observed upon depletion of this population. Attempts to improve T cell function by blocking PD-1 or IL-10, potential negative regulators of T cells, failed to increase IFNγ and TNFα production or to enhance T. cruzi clearance. These results highlight the capacity of the CD8+ T cell population to retain essential in vivo function despite chronic antigen stimulation and support a model in which CD8+ T cell dysfunction plays a negligible role in the ability of Trypanosoma cruzi to persist in mice.
Cyclostratigraphy and the problem of astrochronologic testing

Abstract When Milankovitch cycles are preserved in the geologic record they provide a direct link between chronometer and climate change, and thus a remarkable opportunity to constrain the evolution of the surficial Earth System. The identification of such cycles has allowed exploration of the geologic record with unprecedented temporal resolution, and has spurred the development of a rich theoretical framework for climatic change. Accompanying these successes, however, has been a persistent skepticism: how does one reliably test for astronomical forcing/pacing in stratigraphic and paleoclimate data, especially when time is poorly constrained? From this perspective, it would seem that the merits and promise of astrochronology – a Phanerozoic time scale measured in 20,000 to 400,000 year increments – also serves as its Achilles heel, if the confirmation of such geologically short temporal rhythms defies rigorous hypothesis testing. The implications are substantial, since much of our understanding of paleoclimate change throughout the Cenozoic (and beyond) is firmly rooted in astrochronologic interpretation. In this study, a conceptual framework for assessing Earth System response to astronomical-insolation changes, and the propagation of that signal into the geologic record, is used as a guide to understand the nature of the problem of astrochronologic testing. This framework emphasizes three challenges – contamination, stratigraphic distortion, and temporal calibration. A statistical optimization method (TimeOpt; Meyers, 2015) is formulated as a solution to these three challenges, providing an approach for astrochronologic testing that objectively evaluates time scale uncertainty while simultaneously identifying an optimal model for climate and depositional system response to astronomical forcing. New extensions to the technique are presented, allowing explicit reconstruction of distortions to the primary forcing that are known to be omnipresent in the stratigraphic record. To illustrate the utility of this approach, it is applied to five well-studied stratigraphic series throughout the Phanerozoic, supporting their astronomical origin, and yielding constraints on the evolution of the Earth System and the astronomical solutions themselves. Future directions that build on this foundation are discussed, including the utility of process-based null models, approaches for Earth System transfer function reconstruction, and mapping out ancient Solar System behavior and Earth-Moon history using the geologic archive of Milankovitch cycles. The TimeOpt approach recognizes astronomy, geochronology, paleoclimatology and depositional system reconstruction as a unified geoscientific inverse problem.
A year in the life of a giant ground sloth during the Last Glacial Maximum in Belize.

Stable isotope analysis of the first fossilized Eremotherium laurillardi remains from Belize offers valuable insights into the conditions within which this individual lived and its ability to adapt to the increasing aridity of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy was used to identify chemical alteration of the tooth during fossilization. Results demonstrate that the inner orthodentin resists diagenesis, yielding potentially unaltered values. Using an intensive “vacuum milling” technique, the inner orthodentin produced an accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) date of 26,975 ± 120 calibrated years before the present. The stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of this layer shows that the tooth recorded two wet seasons separated by one longer dry season and that this sloth was able to adapt its diet to the marked seasonality of the LGM. This study offers new insights into obtaining reliable isotope data from fossilized remains and suggests that this individual adapted to climate shifts, contributing to the conversation surrounding megafauna extinction.
Green Lacewings and Water Sprays for Azalea Lace Bug Control1

Abstract The azalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides, is a serious pest of azaleas and rhododendrons which is often controlled by systemic insecticides. However, the efficacy of softer approaches su...
Mechanics and dynamics of reconfigurable curved creased origami arrays

The principles of origami have allowed for novel deployable and reconfigurable structures with applications from micro-robotics to adaptable architecture. Most origami patterns use rigorous mathematical definitions to achieve their desired folding kinematics; however, these geometries result in discrete and segmented structures that have sharp edges. In contrast, curved creased origami uses a more arbitrary placement of folds and can thus achieve smooth surfaces. These smooth surfaces can be useful for problems in acoustics, fluid flow, electromagnetics, wave-propagation, and more. In this talk, we first explore the geometry of the curved crease origami, where continuous curvatures and elastic bending occur over the entire surface of the thin sheet. We use a simplified bar and hinge model to approximate the folding sequence and model the behaviors of the curved crease origami. The model captures stretching and shearing of the origami, bending along principle curvature directions, and bending at the prescribed curved creases. We explore the stiffness, large deformation mechanics, buckling, and dynamic behaviors of the curved crease origami. Our results show that the curved folding can enable highly tuneable properties for these novel thin-sheet arrays.
Improving Oral Health Through Curriculum Framework Innovation in Supportive Care and Home Maintenance.

How can dental educators drive efforts to ensure our communities maintain oral health? In 2014, the American Dental Association (ADA) Health Policy Institute reported a decline in dental care utilization among adults.[1][1] Is predoctoral dental education doing enough to address this disturbing
Infinite photovoltaic solar arrays: Considering flux of momentum and heat transfer

Abstract Large scale solar farms supply an increasing amount of the worlds electricity supply. However, high operation temperatures can strongly reduce efficiency and panel lifetime, negatively affecting the levelized cost of energy. In this work, the convective heat transfer coefficient for a utility-scale solar farm is studied with combined thermal and particle-image-velocimetry measurements in a scaled wind tunnel experiment. The measurements confirm the applicability of the scaled experimental setup to study large solar arrays. Further, the velocity measurements indicate the complex flow structure within the solar array, governed by wakes directed upwards due to the orientation of the solar panels.
LINAGLIPTIN-INDUCED PANCREATITIS.

ABSTRACT Objective: To report a case of linagliptin-induced acute pancreatitis and remind clinicians about risks with incretin-based drugs. Patients at risk for pancreatitis should be switched to a...
SNAFU: The Semantic Network and Fluency Utility

The verbal fluency task—listing words from a category or words that begin with a specific letter—is a common experimental paradigm that is used to diagnose memory impairments and to understand how we store and retrieve knowledge. Data from the verbal fluency task are analyzed in many different ways, often requiring manual coding that is time intensive and error-prone. Researchers have also used fluency data from groups or individuals to estimate semantic networks—latent representations of semantic memory that describe the relations between concepts—that further our understanding of how knowledge is encoded. However computational methods used to estimate networks are not standardized and can be difficult to implement, which has hindered widespread adoption. We present SNAFU: the Semantic Network and Fluency Utility, a tool for estimating networks from fluency data and automatizing traditional fluency analyses, including counting cluster switches and cluster sizes, intrusions, perseverations, and word frequencies. In this manuscript, we provide a primer on using the tool, illustrate its application by creating a semantic network for foods, and validate the tool by comparing results to trained human coders using multiple datasets.
Dark Pasts, Dark Futures? Narrative, Constraint, and the Challenge of Ascendant Nationalism: Dark Pasts: Changing the State’s Story in Turkey and Japan, by Jennifer M. Dixon, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 2018, USD$55.00 (hardcover), ISBN 9781501730245

Post-truth. Fake news. Alternative facts. Our contemporary politics are increasingly characterized by the dissemination of false and misleading information. When deployed by ascendant far-right nat...
Adam Smith on schooling: A classical liberal rereading

Abstract Adam Smith's article “Of the Expence of the Institutions for the Education of Youth” in The Wealth of Nations provides a series of passages that have contributed to the seemingly unassailable interpretation that Smith argued for the government subsidization of education for youth. But a nuanced passage stands in tension and has largely been neglected in the scholarship. The current article pursues whether this nuanced passage better characterizes Smith's policy inclinations on schooling. The article rereads Smith relative to the discourses, debates, and expectations that occurred on the topic of education in his time. Such late-eighteenth century contextualization reveals the weaknesses of the traditional inferences and suggests an alternative interpretation. Smith considers several policy measures, but it is wrong to conclude that he favors government subsidization. Attention to his complex rhetoric reveals that he deprecates Montesquieu's reasoning for government provision, and he censures warm sentiments when they urge the same conclusion. Besides treating the issue of policy, this article addresses the claim that Smith favored compulsory schooling. Written for the Smith, Hume, Liberalism, and Esotericism project.
The Importance of Studying Sex and Gender Differences in Opioid Misuse.

Invited commentary: After decades of underrepresentation of females in preclinical and clinical research, there are substantial gaps in knowledge about opioid misuse in girls and women. As the difference in opioid misuse prevalence between men and women—characterized historically by a higher prevalence among men—narrows, the need to fill these knowledge gaps is becoming even more urgent.....
Urbanization’s influence on the distribution of mange in a carnivore revealed with multistate occupancy models

Increasing urbanization and use of urban areas by synanthropic wildlife has increased human and domestic animal exposure to zoonotic diseases and exacerbated epizootics within wildlife populations. Consequently, there is a need to improve wildlife disease surveillance programs to rapidly detect outbreaks and refine inferences regarding spatiotemporal disease dynamics. Multistate occupancy models can address potential shortcomings in surveillance programs by accounting for imperfect detection and the misclassification of disease states. We used these models to explore the relationship between urbanization, slope, and the spatial distribution of sarcoptic mange in coyotes (Canis latrans) inhabiting Fort Irwin, California, USA. We deployed remote cameras across 180 sites within the desert surrounding the populated garrison and classified sites by mange presence or absence depending on whether a symptomatic or asymptomatic coyote was photographed. Coyotes selected flatter sites closer to the urban area with a high probability of use (0.845, 95% credible interval (CRI): 0.728, 0.944); site use decreased as the distance to urban areas increased (standardized $${\widehat{\beta}}$$ = − 1.354, 95% CRI − 2.423, − 0.619). The probability of correctly classifying mange presence at a site also decreased further from the urban area and was probably related to the severity of mange infection. Severely infected coyotes, which were more readily identified as symptomatic, resided closer to the urban area and were most likely dependent on urban resources for survival; urban resources probably contributed to sustaining the disease. Multistate occupancy models represent a flexible framework for estimating the occurrence and spatial extent of observable infectious diseases, which can improve wildlife disease surveillance programs.
Localization of deep voids through geophysical signatures of secondary dewatering features

ABSTRACTDiscrete deep targets are a significant challenge for most surface-based geophysical techniques, even when considering high property contrasts. In general, surface-based geophysical methods...
Information-Based Modeling of a Case Management Healthcare System

In this paper is described the first steps taken toward building an operational model of case management. Case management is a tool for coordinated services delivery when selection requires specialized skills or knowledge, there are a multitude of providers, and access involves difficult-to-navigate processes. First is presented a discussion of the domain-diverse research approach, and the meaning of case management. Then, a representative history of healthcare delivery is presented to provide background for the current fragmented state of service delivery. Next, the project team's efforts are presented: describing the process of case management; investigating the flow of information through the system using communication theory; and partially deconstructing the system using Conant's method. Finally, proposed future work is discussed.
Dirty Work and Intimacy: Creating an Abortion Worker.

Abortion work has changed in the decades since Roe v. Wade, and concerns over efficiency and cost reduction have resulted in increased specialization and compartmentalization of duties among health...
The neurocognitive basis of morphological processing in typical and impaired readers

Morphological awareness, or sensitivity to units of meaning, is an essential component of reading comprehension development. Current neurobiological models of reading and dyslexia have largely been built upon phonological processing models, yet reading for meaning is as essential as reading for sound. To fill this gap, the present study explores the relation between children’s neural organization for morphological awareness and successful reading comprehension in typically developing and impaired readers. English-speaking children ages 6–11 (N = 97; mean age = 8.6 years, 25% reading impaired) completed standard literacy assessments as well as an auditory morphological awareness task during functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging, which included root (e.g., PERSON + al) and derivational (e.g., quick + LY) morphology. Regression analyses revealed that children’s morphological awareness predicted unique variance in reading comprehension above and beyond demographic factors, vocabulary knowledge, and decoding ability. Neuroimaging analyses further revealed that children with stronger reading comprehension showed greater engagement of brain regions associated with integrating sound and meaning, including left inferior frontal, middle temporal, and inferior parietal regions. This effect was especially notable for the derivational morphology condition that involved manipulating more analytically demanding and semantically abstract units (e.g., un-, -ly, -ion). Together, these findings suggest that successful reading comprehension, and its deficit in dyslexia, may be related to the ability to manipulate morpho-phonological units of word meaning and structure. These results inform theoretical perspectives on literacy and children’s neural architecture for learning to read.
Online discussion threads as conversation pools: predicting the growth of discussion threads on reddit

This paper proposes a data-driven method that forecasts groups of topic-related, overlapping, online conversation trees. Our method is generative: given a group of original posts, it generates the resulting conversation threads with timing and authorship information. We demonstrate using two large datasets from Reddit that the microscopic properties of such groups of conversations can be accurately predicted when starting from the original posts, without knowledge of the intermediate reactions to such posts. We show that our solution significantly outperforms competitive baselines in terms of predicting the conversation structure and user engagement over time. Potential benefits of this solution include the evaluation of intervention strategies to limit disinformation.
Academic Resilience Among Black Male College Students Formerly in Foster Care: Implications for School Counselors:

Drawing on qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews with 11 academically successful Black male college students formerly in foster care, the purpose of this study was to explore and i...
Effect of the Target and Conflicting Frequency and Time Ranges on Consonant Enhancement in Normal-Hearing Listeners

We determined the effects of intensifying useful frequency and time regions (target frequency and time ranges) and removing detrimental frequency and time regions (conflicting frequency and time ranges) for consonant enhancement. Thirteen normal-hearing listeners participated in two experiments. In the first experiment, we identified target and conflicting frequency and time ranges for each consonant under a quiet, dichotic listening condition by analyzing consonant confusion matrices. The target frequency range was defined as the frequency range that provided the highest performance and decreased 40% from the peak performance from both high- and low-pass filtering schemes. The conflicting frequency range was defined as the frequency range that yielded the peak errors of the most confused consonants and 20% less than the peak error from both filtering schemes. The target time range was defined as a consonant segment that provided the highest performance and decreased 40% from that peak performance when the duration of the consonant was systematically truncated from the onset. The conflicting time ranges were defined on the coincided target time range because, if they temporarily coincide, the conflicting frequency ranges would be the most detrimental factor affecting the target frequency ranges. In the second experiment, consonant recognition was binaurally measured in noise under three signal processing conditions: unprocessed, intensified target ranges by 6 dB gain (target), and combined intensified target and removed conflicting ranges (target-conflicting). Results showed that consonant recognition improved significantly with the target condition but greatly deteriorated with the target-conflicting condition. The target condition helped transmit voicing and manner cues, while the target-conflicting condition limited the transmission of these cues. Confusion analyses showed that the effect of the signal processing on consonant improvement was consonant-specific: the unprocessed condition was the best for /da, pa, ma, sa/; the target condition was the best for /ga, fa, va, za, ʒa/; and the target-conflicting condition was the best for /na, ʃa/. Perception of /ba, ta, ka/ was independent of the signal processing. The results suggest that enhancing the target ranges is an efficient way to improve consonant recognition, while removing conflicting ranges negatively impacts consonant recognition.
Research on reaction of the oxidizers and ammonium salts by using Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)

The presented investigations were aimed at finding objective magnitudes which could make it possible to determine the levels of separation of the oxidizers and ammonium salts, required for their transporting on ships. The levels for all chemically inconsistent substances are so far determined on the basis of multi-year experience in shipping of the goods. In the investigations the temperature increment rate after initiation of chemical reaction of an oxidizer with ammonium salt, whose value can be determined from the thermogravimetric analysis curve, was proposed with this end in view.
Person Perception for Social Agents: Research on Outfitting Social Agents with a Facial Trait Perception System

It is no secret that people are predisposed to form impressions of a person’s character, intentions, abilities, and social status based on nothing more than that person’s physical appearance. Although these impressions are often discounted, they serve a number of important social functions, including informing physical self-presentations. This article outlines some of the advantages that a facial trait perception system would offer social agents and presents a review of my research in modeling the trait impressions of the face using Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
Target tracking with distributed robotic macrosensors

We have developed a novel control mechanism that deploys a large number of inexpensive robots as a distributed remote sensing array, called a distributed robotic macrosensor (DRM). This DRM has the capability to track targets of both a discrete (e.g., a vehicle) and diffuse (e.g., a chemical plume) nature. Attack resistance is an inherent property of the DRM as well. A relatively simple virtual spring mesh abstraction is used to provide fully distributed control that is both flexible and fault-tolerant. We describe the algorithms for spring mesh formation and control, discrete target tracking, and diffuse target tracking. We also present simulation results demonstrating the efficacy and robustness of DRMs
A normal countably compact not absolutely countably compact space

We construct an example of a normal countably compact not absolutely countably compact space. We also prove that every hereditarily normal countably compact space is absolutely countably compact and suggest a method for construction of hereditarily normal spaces without property (a).
Mechanism of action of baclofen in rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus.

Using whole cell patch-clamp recordings, we investigated the effects of the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen in thin slices of rat brain stem containing identified gastric- or intestinal-projecting ...
Nonacoustic Contributions to the Perception of Fluent Speech

Phonetic ambiguities (e.g., a name/an aim) were excised from semantically neutral and disambiguating sentence contexts. The isolates were used to compare the effects of item familiarity, listener expectations, syntactic context, and semantic plausibility on segmentation and identification of the speech stream. In Experiment 1, 36 college students identified 81.6% nonambiguous controls, and 48.9% of the ambiguous isolates. In Experiment 2, 94 students (unaware vs. preinformed of the ambiguities) listened either to isolates or to sentences that were neutral, semantically compatible, or contradictory to the reinserted isolates. Semantic plausibility of sentences shifted perception most powerfully from the acoustic base. Item familiarity interacted with all other variables. Expectations and syntactic effects were intermediate. Results are related to conversational speech perception.
Thiamin Deficiency and the Pentose Phosphate Cycle in Rats: Intracerebral Mechanisms

Previous studies have shown that transketolase activity is decreased in the brains of thiamin deficient rats. This study assesses the effect of decreased transketolase levels on the activity of the pentose phosphate cycle in murine thiamin deficient cortex and brainstem. Thiamin deficiency was produced in newborn and adult rats by either pyrithiamin administration or by feeding a low thiamin diet. Newborn rats were killed at 22 days of age, and adults were killed at the onset of moderate to severe nurological signs. Cortices and brainstems from thiamin deficient and control rats were analyzed for activity of the two regulatory enzymes of the pentose phosphate cycle, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Flux through the pathway was measured by the differentially labeled glucose technique in the brainstems of deficient and control adult rats. In both the brainstem and cortex of thiamin dificient rats, areas in which transketolase activity was decreased up to 65%, the activities of the two regulatory enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, were unaltered. Further, flux through the pentose phosphate cycle was not decreased as compared to pair-fed control rats. These data do not support the hypothesis that in thiamin dificient rats, a decrease in cerebral transketolase activity leads to a diminished pentose phosphate cycle activity.
Effective Strategies for Virtual Supervision

This chapter provides an analysis of the virtual workplace, including the dynamics of supervision across time and distance, and provides effective strategies to enhance your supervisory portfolio.
Liposome Clearance: How Much Do We Know About the Biological Factors that Control the Process?

The discovery of liposomes with prolonged circulation time has spurred an intensive interest in the ability to deliver pharmaceutical agents by this new formulation for disease treatment. While it is certain that more and more new applications of such long-circulating liposomes will be developed in near future, the fundamental question that is still awaiting for answers is what the biological factors are involved in controlling the blood half life of liposomes and how this process is regulated. This forum was intended to provide an opportunity for some of us working in the field to express our views on these important and fundamental issues. Effort in organizing this forum was also made to provide readers with not only the up-to-date information on this subject but also the potential area for future development.
Control of neurosecretion in the moth Manduca sexta: physiological regulation of the eclosion hormone cells.

1. Metamorphosis in the mothManduca sexta culminates with the secretion of the peptide eclosion hormone (EH), which triggers the stereotyped behavior of adult emergence (eclosion) from the pupal cuticle. In restrained but spontaneously behaving animals, the release of EH occurred shortly before the onset of subjective night (Fig. 3) and coincided with a depletion of EH from the neurohemal organs of the brain, the corpora cardiaca-corpora allata complex (CC-CA; Fig. 4). 2. EH is produced by neurons within a bilaterally paired group of brain neurosecretory cells (Group Ia) which project to the CC-CA via the nervi corporis cardiaci-1+2 (NCC-1+2; Fig. 1). Electrical stimulation of the NCC-1+2 caused a marked increase in the levels of EH secreted from isolated CC-CA (Fig. 2), while stimulation of the other nerves innervating the neurohemal organs did not. 3. Electrical activity in the NCC-1+2 paralleled that of the cerebral neurosecretory cells (Fig. 1). Chronic extracellular recordings revealed a sudden increase in the tonic firing of several units within this nerve approximately 2 to 3 h before normal eclosion (Fig. 5), coincident with the release of EH bioactivity from the CC-CA (Fig. 6). 4. The Group Ia neurons were electrically inactive on the day before eclosion (Day −1), but on the day of eclosion (Day 0) a subgroup of these cells exhibited both enhanced synaptic input and elevated rates of tonic firing during the normal time of EH release (Fig. 7). 5. No significant differences in resting membrane potential or spike waveform characteristics were detected among the various subsets of Group Ia cells on either Day −1 or Day 0, while a significant increase in the resting input resistance was seen in the active subgroup on Day 0 (Fig. 8). This increase may be due to the regulatory effects of the steroid 20-hydroxyecdysone, which inhibits the release of EH and may act by preventing the synaptic activation of the EH neurons until the final day of adult development.
The social creation of dependence, dependency ratios, and the elderly in the United States: a critical analysis.

Abstract The paper addresses critically the issue of the age/dependency ratio in the United States. It is argued that embedded in this ‘objective’ statistic are struggles among specific social groups and societal contradictions which only come to the fore when its assumptions, calculations and useage are explored. Through an examination of the notion of social creation of dependency, the manner in which the dependency ratio is calculated and the relationship between the socio-economic structure and the creation of dependency, it is argued that the commonly employed statistics are based on assumptions that are supportive of existing dominant social relations. This phenomenon generates a reproduction of these relations and, at the same time, circumscribes the range of solutions to the problems.
Room-temperature diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser.

We have developed an efficient room-temperature ytterbium-doped YAG laser operating at 1.03 μm pumped by an InGaAs strained-layer diode laser operating at 968 nm. The threshold was 234 mW, and 23 mW of output power was obtained for an absorbed pump power of 345 mW. This laser offers a number of advantages over AlGaAs-pumped Nd:YAG lasers, such as broader absorption features, longer fluorescent lifetime, and lower thermal loading of the gain medium.
Unified Reversed‐Phase Method for the Determination of Di (2‐Ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Its Major Metabolite, Mono (2‐Ethylhexyl) Phthalate, in Biological Samples

Abstract A UV detector at 235 nm and an Alltech Altima C18 column (150×4.6 mm and 5 micron) were used to develop a high performance liquid chromatographic method to determine Di (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate [DEHP] and its metabolite mono (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate [MEHP] in biological samples. A gradient time of 8 min and a gradient range of 60–100% acetonitrile (ACN) at pH 3.0, with a segmented flow rate gradient, were found to be optimum conditions. These conditions resulted in retention times of 4.2 and 7.1 min for MEHP and DEHP, respectively. The estimated limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) for DEHP were 1.37 and 4.8 µg/mL, respectively. For MEHP, LOD, and LOQ were 0.57 and 2.4 µg/mL, respectively. The developed method was applied to determine DEHP and its metabolite MEHP in blood plasma, liver, kidney, brain, and testis samples.
Goals as mediators of the relationship between monetary incentives and performance: A review and NPI theory examination

Abstract Locke, Shaw, Saari and Latham (1981) suggested three ways in which goals may mediate the relationship between incentives and performance. Research on this mediating relationship, however, has failed to support these mechanisms. This article reviews and critiques existing research on this mediating relationship. It then shows how Naylor, Pritchard and Ilgen's (1980) theory of motivation can be utilized as an alternative theoretical model for understanding this relationship. Based on this theory, more specific hypotheses are proposed regarding the effect of different incentive schemes on each of the hypothesized mediating relationships of goal level choice, spontaneous goal setting, and goal commitment and past research is discussed in the context of these hypotheses. Finally, research implications are discussed.
Management Style Comparisons Among Five European Nations

Abstract Economic integration appears to be continuing as the foreign policy paradigm of choice for nations seeking to lower trade barriers and encourage synergy of resource allocation among two or more sovereign nations. When analyzing the impact on both foreign and domestic firms, the phenomenon is typically evaluated using economic variables such as balances of trade, taxes and perhaps administrative restrictions. Although the concept of economic compatibility and gains from integration can be traced all the way back to David Ricardo, little has been done to evaluate the psychological aspects of integrating management personnel from varied cultural backgrounds and their associated management styles into eclectic decision-making teams. Executives from a diverse collection of EU member nations were assessed in terms of their management style to determine if substantive cultural differences exist in the way decision making is made. The findings indicate that substantive differences indeed do exist between...
Health and wellness programs for commercial motor-vehicle drivers: organizational assessment and new research directions.

The workplace is an invaluable venue for health protection and promotion interventions, particularly for truck drivers due to their overreliance on their work environments, a plethora of work-relat...
Adenohypophyseal and Serum Gonadotrophins in Male Rats Treated Neonatally with Estradiol Benzoate

This study investigated the effect of 100 μg of estradiol benzoate injected during the 5th day of life on pituitary and serum concentrations of gonadotrophins in intact and orchidectomized male rats. The ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method of Pariow was used for the assay of pituitary and serum luteinizing hormone (LH). The adenohypophyseal and serum concentration of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was determined by means of the augmentation method of Steelman and Pohley. Neonatal administration of estradiol benzoate to male rats resulted in animals with significantly smaller testes, ventral prostate and seminal vesicles. No differences in pituitary LH concentration were observed between estrogen-treated and non-injected controls of 60 days of age, but 180-day-old estrogen-injected males showed a significantly higher LH concentration value than their controls. Determination of pituitary FSH concentrations showed no significant differences between estrogen-treated and control animals of 60 and 180 da...
Principles for facilitating agency in psychotherapy

Abstract The idea of enhancing clients’ agency in psychotherapy is a key concept across psychotherapy traditions. However, there is little research on how therapists conceptualize agency within the process of change. To fill this empirical void, fourteen eminent psychotherapists from four major psychotherapy traditions were interviewed about their understanding of the role of agency in psychotherapy. The interviews were analyzed using grounded theory and resulted in an integrative conceptual model of expert therapists; conceptualization of agency in the change process, and of the place of psychopharmacological interventions within the process of enhancing agency. The analysis resulted in several principles across orientations designed to guide therapists moment-to-moment decision making process on enhancing clients agency and to further psychotherapy research.
Raman spectroscopy of individual monocytes reveals that single-beam optical trapping of mononuclear cells occurs by their nucleus

We show that laser-tweezers Raman spectroscopy of eukaryotic cells with a significantly larger diameter than the tight focus of a single beam laser trap leads to optical trapping of the cell by its optically densest part, i.e. typically the cell’s nucleus. Raman spectra of individual optically trapped monocytes are compared with location-specific Raman spectra of monocytes adhered to a substrate. When the cell’s nucleus is stained with a fluorescent live cell stain, the Raman spectrum of the DNA-specific stain is observed only in the nucleus of individual monocytes. Optically trapped monocytes display the same behavior. We also show that the Raman spectra of individual monocytes exhibit the characteristic Raman signature of cells that have not yet fully differentiated and that individual primary monocytes can be distinguished from transformed monocytes based on their Raman spectra. This work provides further evidence that laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy of individual cells provides meaningful biochemical information in an entirely nondestructive fashion that permits discerning differences between cell types and cellular activity.
Coordination polymerization of ω‐alkenoates and ω‐epoxyalkanoates

Amorceur du type Ziegler Natta. Preparation d'homopolymeres et de copolymeres avec des olefines. Copolymerisation cationique du trioxanne avec des derives d'ω-epoxyundecanoate pour preparer des polyoxymethylenes fonctionnels
Osseous genioplasty: Technical considerations

Osseous genioplasty remains an important technique in the surgical alteration of the chin. Additionally, it is an extremely stable procedure associated with a relatively low risk of complications. The technique is an excellent adjunctive procedure when combined with other aesthetic procedures such as rhinoplasty, cervical liposuction/lipectomy, and rhytidectomy. Despite the recent popularity of the alloplastic chin implant, osseous genioplasty provides superior versatility in surgical alteration of chin morphology and has the distinct advantage of being an autologous technique. Several variations of the technique may be utilized to address various morphologic deformities of the chin. A thorough understanding of mandibular anatomy is critical to perform osseous genioplasty in an appropriate manner and avoid complications.
Determination of lead in paints by electro-oxidation in cationic surfactant—aqueous sodium hydroxide suspensions

Abstract It was shown that anodic voltammetry can be used to determine lead in paint samples by solubilizing the sample in an aqueous solution using a cationic surfactant (Hyamine 2389, prdominantly methyldodecylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride). In addition to solubilizing the solid paint particles, the cationic surfactant increased the oxidation potential of water to the point where one could observe, in concentrated sodium hydroxide solutions, an anodic peak for the oxidation of lead monoxide to lead dioxide. If the surfactant was below the critical micelle concentration, the height of the peak was linearly proportional to the concentration of lead oxide in the paint. The technique was experimentally verified by comparing the concentration of lead in a commercial paint sample, as determined by x-ray fluorescence, with the concentration determined voltammetrically.
Expression and function of KCNQ channels in larval zebrafish

Members of the K(v)7 family generate a subthreshold potassium current, termed M-current, that regulates the excitability of principal central neurons. Mutations in two members of this family, K(v)7.2 (KCNQ2) and K(v)7.3 (KCNQ3) are associated with a neurological disorder known as benign familial neonatal convulsion (BFNC). Despite their importance in normal and pathological brain function, developmental expression and function of these channels remains relatively unexplored. Here, we examined the temporal expression of K(v)7 channel subunits in zebrafish larvae using a real-time quantitative PCR approach. Spatial expression in the larval zebrafish brain was assessed using whole-mount in situ hybridization. The mRNA for three members of the K(v)7 family (KCNQ2, 3 and 5) is reported in zebrafish between two and seven days post-fertilization (dpf). Using electrophysiological techniques, we show that inhibitors of K(v)7 channels (linopirdine and XE991) induce burst discharge activity in immature zebrafish between 3 and 7 dpf. This abnormal electrical activity is blocked by a K(v)7 channel opener (retigabine) and was also shown to evoke convulsive behaviors in freely swimming zebrafish. Using morpholino oligonucleotides directed against KCNQ3, we confirmed a role for KCNQ channels in generation of electrical burst discharges. These results indicate that functional K(v)7 channels are expressed in the larval zebrafish nervous system and could play a direct role in generation of seizure activity.
Myelogenous leukemia cutis resembling stasis dermatitis

Leukemia cutis may clinically mimic many inflammatory dermatoses. A patient with myelodysplastic syndrome presented with an acute eruption of bilateral, lower-extremity, tender, indurated, brown plaques that clinically resembled chronic stasis dermatitis. Histologic study revealed a dermal myeloblastic leukemic infiltrate.