cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Human Homologue of the Yeast DNA Repair and TFIIH Regulator MMS19 Is an AF-1-specific Coactivator of Estrogen Receptor

Steroid/nuclear hormone receptors are ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators that control gene expression in a wide array of biological processes. The transcriptional activity of the receptors is mediated by an N-terminal ligand-independent transcriptional activation function AF-1 and a C-terminal ligand-dependent transcriptional activation function AF-2. The nuclear receptor coactivator RAC3 (also known as AIB1/ACTR/pCIP/TRAM-1/SRC-3) is amplified in breast cancer cells, where it forms a complex with estrogen receptor (ER) and enhances AF-2 activity of the receptor. Here, we identify a putative human homologue of the yeast DNA repair and transcriptional regulator MMS19 as a RAC3-interacting protein. The human MMS19 interacts with the N-terminal PAS-A/B domain of RAC3 in vivo and in vitrothrough a conserved C-terminal domain. Interestingly, the human MMS19 also interacts with estrogen receptors in a ligand-independent manner but not with retinoic acid receptor or thyroid hormone receptor. Overexpression of the interacting domain of hMMS19 strongly inhibits ER-mediated transcriptional activation, indicating a dominant negative activity. In contrast, over expression of the full-length hMMS19 enhances ER-mediated transcriptional activation. We find that hMMS19 stimulates the AF-1 activity of ERα, but not the AF-2 activity, suggesting that hMMS19 may be an AF-1-specific transcriptional coactivator of estrogen receptor.
TH-C-105-01: Medical Physics Practice Guidelines

The AAPM has long advocated a consistent level of medical physics practice, and has published many recommendations and position statements toward that goal, such as Science Council Task Group reports related to calibration and quality assurance, Education Council and Professional Council Task Group reports related to education, training, and peer review, and Board‐approved Position Statements related to the Scope of Practice, physicist qualifications, and other aspects of medical physics practice. Despite these concerted and enduring efforts, the profession does not have clear and concise statements of the acceptable practice guidelines for routine clinical medical physics. As accreditation of clinical practices becomes more common, Medical Physics Practice Guidelines (MPPGs) will be crucial to ensuring a consistent benchmark for accreditation programs. To this end, the AAPM has recently endorsed the development of MPPGs, which may be generated in collaboration with other professional societies. The MPPGs are intended to be freely available to the general public. Accrediting organizations, regulatory agencies and legislators will be encouraged to reference these MPPGs when defining their respective requirements. MPPGs are intended to provide the medical community with a clear description of the minimum level of medical physics support that the AAPM would consider to prudent in all clinical practice settings. Support includes but is not limited to staffing, equipment, machine access, and training. These MPPGs are not designed to replace extensive Task Group reports or review articles, but rather to describe the recommended minimum level of medical physics support for specific clinical services. This session will describe the purpose, scope, and procedure for development of MPPGs and introduce the first two recently published MPPGs: (1) IGRT Commissioning and QA, and (2) CT Protocol Management and Review. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the purpose and scope of MPPG from the AAPM 2. Understand the benefits and process of the development of MPPG by the AAPM 3. Introduce the first two AAPM MPPGs
The Effects of Screw Removal on Bone Strain in an Idealized Plated Bone Model

An idealized plated bone model was used to test the hypothesis that selected screw removal could alter the bone strain field and be a viable treatment for stress protection osteoporosis. Eighteen bone screw modifications were evaluated for their effects on bone strain. The three variables studied were number, position, and length of screws. Removal of two or four bone screws from an eight hole plate significantly increased the strain per load on the bone model over the values with eight screws in the plate (p less than 0.05). The four screw configurations increased bone strain more than the six screw configurations. It also was shown that the position of screws in the plate could significantly alter the bone strain per load results. Removal of six bone screws from an eight hole plate also increased the bone strain per load, but to excess in some tests. In those configurations, the results were not statistically different from the unplated configuration. Replacement of the full length screws with eight half length screws that engaged only the near cortex significantly reduced bone strain per load as compared with eight bicortical bone screws.
Albumin pre-coating enhances intracellular siRNA delivery of multifunctional amphiphile/siRNA nanoparticles

Nonspecific association of serum molecules with short-interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticles can change their physiochemical characteristics, and results in reduced cellular uptake in the target tissue during the systemic siRNA delivery process. Serum albumin is the most abundant protein in the body and has been used to modify the surface of nanoparticles, to inhibit association of other serum molecules. Here, we hypothesized that surface modification of lipid-based nanoparticular siRNA delivery systems with albumin could prevent their interaction with serum proteins, and improve intracellular uptake. In this study, we investigated the influence of albumin on the stability and intracellular siRNA delivery of the targeted siRNA nanoparticles of a polymerizable and pH-sensitive multifunctional surfactant N-(1-aminoethyl) iminobis[N-(oleoylcysteinylhistinyl-1-aminoethyl)propionamide] (EHCO) in serum. Serum resulted in a significant increase in the size of targeted EHCO/siRNA nanoparticles and inhibited cellular uptake of the nanoparticles. Coating of targeted EHCO/siRNA nanoparticles with bovine serum albumin at 9.4 μM prior to cell transfection improved cellular uptake and gene silencing efficacy of EHCO/siRNA targeted nanoparticles in serum-containing media, as compared with the uncoated nanoparticles. At a proper concentration, albumin has the potential to minimize interactions of serum proteins with siRNA nanoparticles for effective systemic in vivo siRNA delivery.
Characteristics of a far-infrared InP photoconductor

Abstract The performance of a far-infrared photodetector made from an epitaxial layer of high purity LPE indium phosphide is described. The spectral response of the detector shows a peak near 200 μm. The best NEP observed was about 1 × 10−11W/Hz 1 2 .
Vascular malformation masquerading as sialolithiasis and parotid obstruction: a case report and review of the literature.

Introduction Salivary gland obstruction caused by sialolithiasis or duct stricture is one of the more common causes of non-infectious unilateral facial selling. Vascular malformations of the head and neck are less common but may present with intermittent facial swelling. Phleboliths can be found in venous malformations of nearly all adult patients and are a key diagnostic imaging finding. The clinical and radiographic appearance of phleboliths may resemble sialolithiasis, making the diagnosis more difficult. We present a case of intermittent unilateral facial swelling cause by a venous malformation involving the buccal space where the phleboliths were initially misdiagnosed as parotid sialolithiasis. Study design Illustrative case report and literature review. Methods A 48 year-old woman presented to our office with 9 months of intermittent left facial swelling. On bimanual examination, multiple small firm nodules were palpated in the left cheek. A computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated multiple oval-shaped radiopaque lesions in the buccal space, initially interpreted as sialoliths. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained, confirming the diagnosis of venous malformation with phleboliths. Sialendoscopy revealed a normal appearing parotid duct system without stricture or sialolithiasis. Ultrasound revealed a buccal space vascular lesion surrounding the distal Stensen's duct. Results Currently, the patient is being observed and is clinically stable. Illustrative CT scan and MRI images are presented. A literature review shows that vascular malformations mimicking salivary gland obstruction are rare. Conclusions While unilateral facial swelling is commonly due to parotid sialoliths or parotid duct stenosis, other less common causes including vascular malformation should be considered. Phleboliths and sialoliths may appear similar on ono-contrast CT scan. Ultrasound, MRI, and sialendoscopy may be helpful in determining the etiology.
Stopping power uncertainty effects in thick target rbs analysis

Abstract Stopping powers are one of the major factors that affect the accuracy of Rutherford backscattering analysis methods. Their role becomes most important when thicknesses greater than 0.5 mg/cm2 are probed with hydrogen beams of 1.0 MeV or less. The analysis of data taken under these conditions require energy loss values near the peak of the stopping power curve where the uncertainties can reach 15% or more. The RBS simulation code PROFILE is used to analyze samples containing Cu, Ni and Al with several different sets of stopping powers. The results indicate that a given uncertainty in the stopping power may lead to equivalent uncertainties in elemental concentrations and thicknesses of coatings.
LECT2 makes the amyloid list

In this issue of Blood, Mereuta et al report that we must now add leukocyte cell–derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) to the list of proteins that can cause systemic amyloidosis, a fibrillar protein deposition disease that leads to end-organ damage and related symptoms and requires a tissue diagnosis demonstrating apple-green birefringence in Congo Red–stained sections viewed microscopically under polarized light. When dissected from affected tissue, digested into protein fragments of different lengths for proteomic analysis, and assessed by mass spectrometry for their original constituents, amyloid deposits reveal a unique signature of chaperones such as apolipoprotein E and serum amyloid P-component (arrows) as well as the identity of the critical main culprit: the amyloid-forming protein (red boxes).
Melting tungsten nanoparticles: a molecular dynamics study

We report a molecular dynamics simulation of melting of tungsten (W) nanoparticles. The modified embedded atom method interatomic potentials are used to describe the interaction between tungsten atoms. The melting temperature of unsupported tungsten nanoparticles of different sizes are found to decrease as the size of the particles decreases. The melting temperature obtained in this study is approximately a decreasing function of inverse radius, in good agreement with the predictions of thermodynamic models. We also observed that the melting of a W nanoparticle is preceded by the premelting of its outer skin at a temperature lower than its melting temperature.
EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE ON HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN (HCG)-INDUCED OVARIAN AUGMENTATION IN PARABIOTIC RATS.

The effect of testosterone propionate on castration hypersecretion and the ovarian augmentation reaction to HCG was studied in parabiotic rats. Graded doses of testosterone propionate were administered to castrated (day 30) male or female rats in parabioses with hypophysectomized (day 33) female partners. Steroid administration was initiated on the day of castration and continued for the duration of the experiment. For those hypophysectomized animals receiving HCG, injections were initiated on day 37 and continued for 4 days. Testosterone propionate decreased castration hypersecretion, as evidenced by the reduced ovarian and uterine weights of the hypophysectomized parabiont. The ovarian weights, however, were not reduced to the weight seen in hypophysectomized animals. The ovarian augmentation response to HCG in the hypophysectomized parabiont was essentially the same at all doses of testosterone propionate which inhibited castration hypersecretion. No dose reduced the augmentation reaction to that seen ...
Adaptive fuzzy CMAC-based nonlinear control with dynamic memory architecture

Abstract An adaptive fuzzy cerebellar model articulation controller-based (CMAC) nonlinear control with the advantage of architecture learning is proposed. To cope with the tradeoff between the complexity of CMAC architecture and the quality of system convergence, a dynamic architecture learning scheme is introduced, where the associative memory reinforcement and the associative memory reorganization are involved. In the memory reinforcement process, new associative memories will be generated when the memory cells in the current architecture are found insufficient. On the other hand, the inefficient memories will be detected and reorganized in the memory reorganization process. With the proposed approach, the task of fuzzy CMAC architecture determination by preliminary knowledge or trials can be freed when a well-organized and well-parameterized CMAC is represented to achieve desired approximation performance. Thus, with the proposed CMAC, a dynamic control approach is presented. In this paper, according to the adaptive control theory, the fuzzy CMAC (FCMAC) is utilized as the main controller to mimic the ideal computation controller and a supervisory controller is designed to compensate the approximation error. In the FCMAC, all the controller parameters are online tuned based on the Lyapunov stability theorem such that the stability of closed-loop system can be guaranteed. Simulation results and comparisons are presented for verification.
Significance of echocardiographically detected tip thrombus associated with central venous catheters

Purpose In the current literature, there is little evidence to inform the appropriate management of thrombi associated with central venous catheters. Yet, these thrombi are frequently encountered on echocardiography and cross sectional imaging. This study seeks to inform management of these incidentally detected catheter related thrombi by exploring their fate. Materials and Methods Echocardiogram data from all patients with central catheters studied for any reason from October 2009 to June 2011 were reviewed (n=170). Patients with tip thrombi associated with these central catheters were included. Ejection fraction and presence of patent foramen ovale (PFO)/intracardiac shunts was collected. Electronic medical records including inpatient and outpatient databases were reviewed for at least 3 months after echo for thrombus extension, pulmonary embolism, paradoxical emboli or stroke. Results 49/170 (29%) had catheter associated thrombi. Of these 11 (22%) were already on anticoagulation (AC) and there was no change in management, 17 (34%) were started on AC with no subsequent complications, in 4 (8%) the catheter was changed or removed, and in 17 (34%) no new treatment was initiated. Of the 17 patients in whom no treatment was initiated, 16 (94%) developed no complications. One patient with a PFO and right to left shunt had a stroke prior to PFO closure. Subsequently, after surgical closure of the PFO, the same patient developed catheter associated thrombus with no thrombotic complications seen on follow up. Conclusion In patients with catheter tip thrombus, but without PFO and inter-atrial shunt, no complications such as pulmonary embolism or stroke were seen regardless of anticoagulation. The benign course associated with such thrombi suggests that neither AC nor other intervention (eg, thrombolysis) is necessary when such thrombus is incidentally detected on echocardiography.
Interaction of lectins with human platelets Effects of platelet stimulation by thrombin and ristocetin

Wheat germ agglutinin induced aggregation and secretion of fresh platelets. Aggregation, but not secretion of serotonin by platelets in plasma, by the lectin was inhibited by 5 mM EDTA. Further, the lectin-induced stimulation of fresh platelets was blocked by prostaglandin E1. Thus, this lectin stimulates platelets by a mechanism which closely mimics thrombin activation and is independent of intercellular crosslinking. Lentil lectin did not stimulate platelets. Each platelet contained about 6 . 10(-5) binding sites for the lectins with an apparent dissociation constant of 3.0 . 10(-7) M. Wheat germ agglutinin, which binds mainly to glycoprotein I (Mr 150 000), increased the subsequent binding of thrombin to fixed platelets while lentil lectin was without effect. It appears that thrombin and wheat germ agglutinin bind to independent but interacting sites. Wheat germ agglutinin, but neither thrombin nor lentil lectin, inhibited the agglutination of platelets by ristocetin. Further, rat platelets were not aggregated by either ristocetin or wheat germ agglutinin. It appears that the interaction sites of ristocetin and wheat germ agglutinin on platelets are overlapping.
Large-scale calcium metal sample preparation for 41Ca isotope enrichment

Abstract Experiments are underway at Argonne National Laboratory to measure the 41Ca radioisotope concentration (T 1 2 = 100 000 years ) in natural samples of terrestrial origin by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) [1]. Since the concentration of 41Ca in these samples is expected to be very low, enrichment with a Calutron Isotope Separator at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is being used. This separator requires rather large quantities of high-purity Ca metal (typically 100 g/loading) as source material. Details of the methods of obtaining these metallic samples from various materials will be presented.
Corporate social monitoring in South Africa: A decade of achievement, an uncertain future

Corporate social monitoring has reached its most systematic form and has had the most practical impact with regard to companies doing business in South Africa. The Sullivan Principles have guided the monitoring system for U.S. companies, of which about 166 remain in South Africa and about 140 have withdrawn. However, corporate social monitoring in South Africa is currently subject to certain tensions. The Rev. Sullivan has called for the withdrawal of U.S. companies, and has himself withdrawn from the monitoring effort. This paper discusses the economic climate for U.S. business in South Africa both historically and currently, the conflicting pressures experienced by U.S. companies remaining there, and the effectiveness of strategies aimed to create pressure for companies to withdraw, including divestment resolutions, purchasing restrictions, and sanctions. Current attempts to retain a form of corporate social monitoring are described. The potential politicization of the system is discussed, with particular attention paid to the formation of a new structure which could come to provide the moral leadership formerly provided by the Rev. Sullivan. However, corporate social monitoring could become confused with an anti-sanctions lobbying effort on the part of corporations, and would lose credibility if this were to occur.
Preservation of Trout and Salmon Erythrocytes for Blood Typing by Freezing with Dimethyl Sulphoxide

Preservation of Trout and Salmon Erythrocytes for Blood Typing by Freezing with Dimethyl Sulphoxide
Debye Screening for Jellium and Other Coulomb Systems

Debye screening is proven for a large class of classical Coulomb gases at low densities. Among the models treated are jellium systems (where particles interact with a fixed background charge), systems with arbitrarily dilute fractional charges, and systems where the charges are not integrally related. The interaction potentials of the corresponding sine-Gordon models may have no symmetry and can have infinitely many stationary points which are degenerate or nearly degenerate in energy.
Distinct patterns of viral antigen expression in Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus coinfected body-cavity-based lymphoma cell lines: potential switches in latent gene expression due to coinfection.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also referred to as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), are human gammaherpesviruses associated with numerous lymphomas and proliferative diseases in humans. We were interested in the protein expression patterns of specific latent and lytic proteins from the EBV genome in two body-cavity-based lymphoma cell lines, BC-1 and BC-2, which are coinfected with EBV and KSHV. BC-1 and BC-2 were analyzed using specific antibodies to latent proteins known to be essential for EBV immortalization of human primary B-lymphocytes in vitro and lytic antigens important for EBV replication and production of viral progeny. The coinfected cell lines are compared with two singly infected KSHV cell lines to determine whether antibodies against EBV-specific proteins cross-reacted against KSHV antigens. All the KSHV-infected cell lines express the KSHV-specific latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) with a specific pattern in the nucleus. This staining was distinct from that seen for EBNA1 in the EBV coinfected lines BC-1 and BC-2 staining the nucleus as a diffused pattern throughout the nucleus with denser staining in some regions. The coinfected cell lines all express EBNA1 and LMP1 at lower levels compared with singly infected EBV lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). However, the essential latent antigens EBNA2, EBNA3A, and EBNA3C are not expressed in BC-1 and BC-2. This indicates potential regulation of EBV latent gene expression by KSHV-encoded viral or KSHV-induced cellular gene products. Additionally, lytic gene expression analysis demonstrated that BZLF1 and BMRF1 are expressed along with other early antigens (EA-D). A specific protein is detected in a singly infected KSHV cell line with cross-reactivity to antibodies that detected the EA-D complex. Moreover, in all the cell lines infected with EBV, KSHV, or EBV and KSHV, human serum with antibodies against KSHV antigens recognizes specific viral antigens approximately 110 and 41-42 kDa, suggesting that human antibodies against KSHV-specific antigens can cross-react with similar EBV antigens. Therefore these data suggest that the EBV pattern of gene expression in the coinfected cell lines is a type II pattern of latency also seen in other human tumors including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. This distinct pattern of latent and lytic gene expression in these cell lines may provide clues as to the selection for coinfection in these body cavity based lymphomas in immunocompromised hosts.
William Henry Holmes and the Rediscovery of the American West

This is the first full-length biography of post-Civil War America's most brilliant western artist. Born in 1843, Holmes first came to national attention as a topographical illustrator for western surveys led by Ferdinand V. Hayden and Clarence Dutton in the 1870s and 1880s. The insistent incorporation geological science distinguished Holmes's illustrations of western wonders such as Yellowstone, Estes Park, Mesa Verde, and Grand Canyon from previous western landscape art and advanced scientific theory and practice in the discipline. His western excursions also led to employment by the National Museum and Bureau of American Ethnology and archaeological excavations in North America and Mexico. Holmes established the scientific evidential standards for the early human habitation of North America and put himself in the middle of debates over human antiquity, race, and culture. In 1909 he resigned the bureau to resume his curatorial position at the National Museum and later moved to the director's office of the National Gallery of Art. He died in 1933.
Gender differences in quality of life among Canadian adults with epilepsy

Summary The clinical literature suggests epilepsy may impact quality of life in males and females differently. Previous research on gender issues has focused primarily on biological–biomedical factors over psychological and social factors. In this study we compare subjective and objective quality of life in adults persons with epilepsy to persons without epilepsy by gender using the biopsychosocial model in the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), a large epidemiological survey that covers 98% of the Canadian population. Logistic regression analyses were conducted using self-rated health status and the Health Utility Index® 3 (HUI3) as the outcomes. Quality of life was significantly moderated after controlling for the biological–biomedical variables in all analyses except the HUI3. Males with epilepsy were more likely to have HUI3 scores of 0.70 or greater than males without epilepsy (OR = 1.61, 95%CI 1.32–1.96). For males with epilepsy the HUI3 was further moderated, but remained significantly better in the final model that controlled for biological, psychological and social factors (OR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.17–1.76). Our findings provide support for treatment approaches that focus on the whole person. Such approaches should take into account gender differences when examining objective quality of life.
Work in progress — Engineering Leadership Program: The first year experience

The Engineering Leadership Program (ELP) founded at Iowa State University in 2006 is a four year student run leadership development program for undergraduate engineering students. The ELP is continually adapting to feedback from the scholar community, however the first year experience has emerged as a well structured learning experience. The first year ELP experience is designed to create a close knit community. Following a community building retreat, first-year scholars meet weekly in a credit bearing seminar taught by upper class scholars. In their second semester, scholars design and implement a service learning project, following a six sigma process. In the four years of ELP, the first year experience has led to a strong community within each cohort, which is highly valued by the scholars. As they progress through the program, they continue to seek opportunities to strengthen their relationships across cohorts. This model could be replicated more broadly within engineering and beyond for enhancing student engagement and retention.
Problems in recognition and diagnosis of amebiasis: estimation of the global magnitude of morbidity and mortality

Major problems with a wide array of imperfect tests for diagnosis of amebiasis severely limit the understanding of its magnitude and epidemiology. A greater hindrance is the varied, inconsistent application of existing methods in different areas of the world. The best estimates suggest that probably 480 million people were infected with Entamoeba histolytica and 36 million developed disabling colitis or extraintestinal abscesses in 1981. At least 40 thousand deaths are attributable to amebiasis, and on a global scale, amebiasis likely ranks third among parasitic causes of death, behind only malaria and schistosomiasis. Much remains to be learned of its frequency of occurrence and epidemiology as needed improved diagnostic tools are developed.
Solar energy and conservation

Any list of the motivations for energy conservation — increasing scarcity and price of fuels, environmental and health consequences of large-scale fuel consumption, foreign trade deficit, vulnerability of imported fuel supply, nuclear weapons proliferation and help to the third world — is precisely the same list of reasons for using renewable, indigenous energy sources. These sources are sun, wind, and biomass; they appear in several direct and indirect forms, all of which are commonly grouped together under the inclusive general title of solar energy (SE). This paper summarizes the principal SE technologies and assesses the status and problems of the various programs. The two general problems with SE, the diffuse and intermittent nature of the source, increase the costs of these conversion systems. The wide diversity of SE technologies requires careful attention (there are four that generate electricity). Although they are at very different stages of development, technical feasibility has been established for most of these technologies. For those, current efforts are directed chiefly at cost reduction, information dissemination and determination of their best areas of use. Other programs are still in design stages with uncertain prospects. Altogether, the combination of effective conservation and renewable energy sources offers great promise for our energy future.
The Effect of Newspaper Coverage of Influenza on the Rate of Physician Visits for Influenza 2002–2008

The effect that newspapers had on patients visiting physicians for influenza was examined for 2002 to 2008. The basis for this investigation rests on theories of media effects drawn from agenda setting, media hype, and the Social Amplification of Risk Framework. It was hypothesized that controlling for the rate of influenza, a positive relationship exists in which increases and decreases of newspaper attention to influenza precede increases and decreases in the percentage of patients visiting physicians for flu symptoms. The percentage of visits and the percentage of positive flu tests are taken from the Centers for Disease Control's flu report. Media attention was located through the Lexis/Nexis database as words per week in stories having flu in the headline in 32 newspapers. Time series analysis shows that controlling for autoregressive and seasonal effects, and the actual rate of disease present, news attention in the previous week accounts for a statistically significant portion of the increase and d...
Transition‐state responses to amino acid perturbations in yeast pyruvate decarboxylase: a carbon kinetic isotope effect study

Carbon kinetic isotope effects (12C/13C at the carboxyl carbon of pyruvic acid) and their pH dependence were measured for the decarboxylation reaction catalyzed by the substrateregulated yeast pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and several of its site-specific variants. The active-site variants studied were E477Q, D28A and E51D; the regulatory-site variants, each with two amino acid substitutions, were C221A/C222A, C221E/C222A and C221D/C222A. The isotope effects for the regulatory-site variants were not significantly different from the values for the wild-type enzyme (1.0046 ± 0.0003 at pH 6.0, 25°C). For the active-site variants, the isotope effects were 1.0018 ± 0.0009 (E477Q), 1.0398 ± 0.0021 (D28A) and 1.0143 ± 0.0011 (E51D) at pH 6.0 and 25°C. The results were interpreted in terms of shifts in the rate-limiting steps and uniform binding changes in the free-energy profiles for decarboxylation phase of the PDC reaction. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of electrical stimulation of rat limbic system and midbrain reticular formation upon short- and long-term memory☆

Abstract Rats were given electrical stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation, hippocampus or amygdala 4 sec after receiving a footshock contingent upon a barpress response. They were retested for memory of the shock 64 sec or 24 hr after the footshock. The animals that received midbrain reticular formation stimulation showed amnesia at 64-sec retest and memory at 24-hr retest. In contrast, animals that received hippocampal brain stimulation showed memory at 64-sec retest and amnesia at 24-hr retest. Animals that received amygdala brain stimulation showed amnesia at both 64-sec and 24-hr retest. The data support a dual parallel processing model of memory.
A suture “retractor”: A technical aid for bucket-handle meniscal resections

Abstract Meniscal repair, healing, and survival have been demonstrated in the literature. Meniscal preservation is, however, not always possible. We present a technique that may aid the surgeon in difficult bucket handle resections by stabilizing a portion of the meniscus with a "suture retractor" prior to resecting either a posterior or anterior meniscal horn. This technique may also be modified to prepare the inner rim when one is performing meniscal repair.
The diagnosis of infections associated with acrylic cranioplasties

Fifty-two methylmethacrylate cranioplasties were performed on forty-seven patients over a five year period. Two cranioplasties became infected and required removal. The overall infection rate for methylmethacrylate cranioplasty was thus 2/52 or 3.8%. Both of these patients had bifrontal cranioplasties involving both orbital rims and the frontal sinus. The infection rate for those cranioplasties involving the frontal sinus was 2 of 9 or 22%. None of the 43 cranioplasties not involving the frontal sinus became infected. Ten patients in this series had postoperative CT scans. Gas within the non-infected methylmethacrylate could simulate infection, making it difficult to diagnose cranioplasty infections by CT. Although certain CT changes, such as epidural air and soft tissue swelling, may be observed only with infected cranioplasties, the clinical picture is the only truly reliable indicator of infection.
Oxidation of triarylphosphines and aryl methyl sulfides with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by dioxovanadium(V) ion.

Although neither vanadium(V) ions nor hydrogen peroxide efficiently oxidize the title substrates, they do so in combination, with vanadium(V) as the catalyst in acidic aqueous acetonitrile. The kinetic data show that, of the two peroxovanadium species present, OV(O2)+ and OV(O2)2-, only the latter reacts at a detectable rate. This unanticipated result can be attributed to the weaker O−O and V−O bonds in the diperoxo complex. The rate constants for both series of substrates follow the Hammett correlation, with ρP = −1.35 and ρS = −0.83. To analyze properly the kinetic data for the Ar3P compounds, account must be taken of the protonation to Ar3PH+ in acidic solution. In retrospect, our earlier study [Abu-Omar, M. M.; Espenson, J. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 272−280] of phosphine oxidation catalyzed by MeReO3 failed to do so, and the reaction constant must be corrected from the originally reported value to −1.56.
Ionic absorption of polypropylene functionalized by surface grafting and reactions

Plasma-induced surface graft copolymerization of acrylic acid on polypropylene fibers and the subsequent reactions of the grafted carboxylic groups are reported. The extents ofgrafting was controlled by the plasma conditions. Reactions of the carboxylic acid with selected amines resulted in ion-exchanging and chelating functionalities. In general, ion adsorption is enhanced by higher levels of grafting and by raising temperature during adsorption. The adsorption level and preferences among ions of these functionalized fibers depend on the structure of the functional groups, i.e., the structure of the spacer and terminal groups. The carboxylic acid groups of the PP-g-AA fibers which behave like weakly acidic ion-exchangers are attributed to the low metal ion adsorption and the lack of ion preference. The F1 fibers with flexible -CH 2 CH 2 - spacer and small terminal - OH in the functional group exhibits highest ion adsorption among all functionalized fibers studied here. With benzene spacers, metal adsorption can be enchanced by the electron-donating nature of the terminal group. With the same ester end group in the functional structure, F3 fibers which contain benzene ring spacers show higher ion adsorption than F4 and F5 which have CH 2 and NH spacers, respectively. The ion preference and adsorption ability of the functionalized fibers, i.e., equilibrium binding constants (K b ) and saturation constants (K g ) derived from adsorption isotherms, also depend on the functional group structures. K b increases with increasing grafting yield, increasing the electron donor atom in either terminal bonds or spacer, and reducing the steric hindrance of spacer. The K s values are affected by the accessibility of functional groups, the size of spacer, and the terminal group structure.
Classification of cutaneous intravascular breast cancer metastases based on immunolabeling for blood and lymph vessels.

Background Intravascular breast cancer metastases to the skin can have several clinically distinct manifestations. Carcinoma telangiectoides, which presents as an erythematous patch with prominent telangiectasias or lymphangioma circumscriptum-like lesions, is a rare manifestation of cutaneous metastatic breast cancer and has been proposed to spread via dermal blood vessels. Carcinoma erysipelatoides, which presents as an erysipelas-like patch or plaque, has been proposed to spread via lymphatics. Clinical variants with nodular lesions that show tumor cells within vessels and in the extravascular space are seen more commonly. It has not been demonstrated conclusively whether dermal blood vessels or whether dermal lymph vessels are principally involved in these clinically distinct forms of cutaneous breast cancer metastases. Objectives We sought to determine if carcinoma telangiectoides affects predominantly dermal blood vessels and if carcinoma erysipelatoides affects predominantly dermal lymph vessels. Methods Serial sections of biopsy specimens from patients with a characteristic clinical presentation of carcinoma telangiectoides and carcinoma erysipelatoides were labeled for cytokeratin to identify malignant cells. Subsequently, these sections were labeled for CD31 (a marker for blood and lymph vessels) and podoplanin (a marker for lymph vessels, but not for blood vessels), to differentiate blood vessels from lymph vessels in these sections. Results Sections from carcinoma telangiectoides showed malignant tumor cells strictly within dermal blood vessels, but not in lymph vessels. In contrast, sections from carcinoma erysipelatoides showed malignant tumor cells strictly in dermal lymphatics. Limitations We used typical clinical cases to demonstrate the distinct involvement of blood and lymph vessels in these variants of cutaneous metastatic breast cancer. A larger case series is needed to confirm these findings. Conclusions Immunolabeling for CD31 and podoplanin of cutaneous lesions of metastatic breast cancer confirms the spread of tumor cells predominantly via lymphatics in carcinoma erysipelatoides and predominantly via blood vessels in carcinoma telangiectoides.
Viral oncoprotein binding to pRB, p107, p130, and p300.

Abstract The purpose of this review is to bring attention to some additional work in the tumor virus/tumor suppressor field which may have been overshadowed by reports describing adenovirus, SV40, and HPV oncoprotein binding to pRB and p53. The data reviewed herein provide further support for the model that a commin mechanism by which DNA tumor viruses transform cells involves inactivation of cellular proteins which function as negative regulators of cell growth.
Simulation Errors Associated with the Neglect of Oceanic Salinity in an Atmospheric GCM

Abstract In all the atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) at the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres (GLA), the influence of oceanic salinity on the saturation vapor pressure of seawater is ignored. Since the relative humidity in the oceanic boundary layer is generally high while the saturation vapor pressure of seawater is lowered by salinity, its neglect could have a nontrivial influence on the near-surface specific humidity gradient, a primary determinant of oceanic evaporation. Such an approximation might effect the simulated circulation and rainfall systematically. To evaluate this idea, we carried out a 5-yr-long salinity simulation (S) with the GLA GCM in which the influence of salinity on the saturation vapor pressure of seawater was included. Corresponding to this, a control simulation (C) with the GLA GCM in which the salinity effect was ignored was also available. Analyses of S-minus-C fields have shown some evidence of discernible systematic errors in the global evaporation, boundary la...
Angry emotion detection from real-life conversational speech by leveraging content structure

This study proposes an effective angry speech detection approach by leveraging content structure within the input speech. A classifier based on an “emotional” language model score is formulated and combined with acoustic feature based classifiers including TEO-based feature and conventionalMel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC). The proposed detection algorithm is evaluated on real-life conversational speech which was recorded between customers and call center operators over a telephone network. Analysis on the conversational speech corpus presents a distinctive property between neutral and angry speech in word distribution and frequently occurring words. An improvement of up to 6.23% in Equal Error Rate (EER) is obtained by combining the TEO-based and MFCC features, and emotional language model score based classifiers.
Broadly tunable quasi-phase-matching in nonlinear metamaterials

The ability to tune the quasi-phase-matching (QPM) frequency is a highly desirable though lacking feature of many nonlinear devices. To this end, we consider QPM in a special class of active nonlinear metamaterials (MMs), whose properties can be controlled postfabrication. By application of a tunable, periodic perturbation in the linear susceptibility (magnetic or electric) of a MM, a single nonlinear device can be constructed to operate over an exceedingly broad bandwidth. We propose a nonlinear MM for QPM second-order harmonic generation at terahertz frequencies, predicted to have a tunable bandwidth of over 100%.
Modal Theorem Proving

We describe resolution proof systems for several modal logics. First we present the propositional versions of the systems and prove their completeness. The first-order resolution rule for classical logic is then modified to handle quantifiers directly. This new resolution rule enables us to extend our propositional systems to complete first-order systems. The systems for the different modal logics are closely related.
Norms Induced from OWA Operators

We describe the basic properties of a norm and introduce the Minkowski norm. We then show that the OWA aggregation operator can be used to provide norms. To enable this we require that the OWA weights satisfy the buoyancy property, w j ? w k for j < k. We consider a number of different classes of OWA norms. It is shown that the functional generation of the weights of an OWA norm requires the weight generating function have a non-positive second derivative. We discuss the use of the generalized OWA operator to provide norms. Finally we describe the use of OWA operators to induce similarity measures.
Understanding modes of moderate sedation during gastrointestinal procedures: a current review of the literature

Recommendations for routine screening for colorectal cancer with colonoscopy are likely to substantially increase the demand for provision of sedation for these procedures. Because of this burgeoning caseload and associated economic constraints, it is unlikely that anesthesiologists will be available for all such procedures, particularly those involving average-risk patients. Thus, sedative agents that can be safely administered by nonanesthesiologists, appropriately trained in monitoring and managing the patient's airway, are desperately needed. New concepts in sedation for colonoscopy include enhanced mechanisms for drug delivery such as patient-controlled sedation/analgesia and target-controlled infusion, along with the development of new drugs such as a modified cyclodextrin-based formulation of propofol and fospropofol disodium (Aquavan Injection), a water-soluble prodrug of propofol.
THE EFFECTS OF EXERGAMING ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG INACTIVE CHILDREN IN A PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSROOM

Childhood obesity, which is due in part to lack of physical activity, is a serious concern that requires the attention of the behavioral community. Although excessive video game play has been noted in the literature as a contributor to childhood obesity, newer video gaming technology, called exergaming, has been designed to capitalize on the reinforcing effects of video games to increase physical activity in children. This study evaluated the effects of exergaming on physical activity among 4 inactive children in a physical education (PE) classroom. Results showed that exergaming produced substantially more minutes of physical activity and more minutes of opportunity to engage in physical activity than did the standard PE program. In addition, exergaming was socially acceptable to both the students and the PE teacher. Exergaming appears to hold promise as a method for increasing physical activity among inactive children and might be a possible intervention for childhood obesity.
Constructing a philosophy of chiropractic: evolving worldviews and postmodern core

Abstract Objective The purpose of this article is to explore the postmodern, postrational, and postconventional core of DD Palmer's self-sense and philosophy. Discussion DD Palmer's self and philosophy can be viewed as a reaction to the self of modernity and its challenges of a fracture between mind and body, spirit, and nature. It is argued that Palmer's solution to these vexing problems facing the modern self was to use postrational and postconventional logic to overcome the dualisms. His philosophy resonates with similar postrational approaches, most notably, the German idealist Schelling. Conclusion It is argued that Palmer was one of the first postrational individuals in America and that chiropractic was an attempt at the first postrational health profession.
Weaving Contexts of Participation Online: The Digital Tapestry of Secondary English Teachers

This article presents research from a qualitative study exploring five secondary English teachers’ professionally oriented participation online. Drawing upon Cole’s (1996) “surround” and “weaving” views of context, the specific line of research featured here was guided by the following question: What are the features of the online contexts that selected secondary English teachers weave in exploration of teaching, learning, and literacy? The author collected archived online artifacts (e.g., blog posts, microblog posts, and posts within social network sites) and employed an ethnographic content analysis. Findings revealed five notable contextual features that emerged across cases: multimodal affordances and a/synchronous flexibility, as seen from a surround view, and classroom teaching experiences, connections among teachers online, and a touch of levity, as seen from a weaving view. While providing directions for future research, these findings stand to support more nuanced understandings of the teacher-generated online environments to which many educators are turning in an effort to supplement their professional growth.
Passive & Active Control of Regenerative Standing & Soliton Waves

This paper reviews two technologies that govern the character of electromagnetic waves, or wave-control technologies, that we recently developed (Andress and Ham, 2005) and (Ricketts et al., 2006) in the context of wave-based oscillators. In (Andress and Ham, 2005), the component fields of a standing wave hosted by a transmission line are sculpted to better suit the unique standing wave properties; this passive wave control is achieved by tapering the transmission line along its length and serves to reduce the oscillator phase noise. In (Ricketts et al., 2006) we constructed an oscillator that self-generates a stable, periodic train of electrical solitons. In this work, an active amplifier controls the "unruly" soliton dynamics to guarantee oscillation stability