cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the spatial resolution limit of direct-write electron beam lithography

Abstract The mechanism for direct-write electron-beam lithography in insulating resists is introduced in this letter, and it is based on damage by the induced electric field in transmission electron microscope. Under this mechanism, the direct-write EBL is electron dose-rate dependent, and there is a dose-rate threshold, below which the lithographic process does not operate, regardless of the total electron dose. The spatial resolution is determined by the strength of the induced electric field. In theory, the highest spatial resolution should be set by the dimension of the electron beam, and thus the EBL should be able to create nanostructures at the atomic scale. So far, the best resolution obtained was in the direct write of conductive nanochannels in Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , in which 1.5 nm isolated features and a 1.0–1.5 nm half-pitch array of nanochannels were achieved.
A low-power neurosynaptic implementation of Local Binary Patterns for texture analysis

We demonstrate how to map Local Binary Patterns (LBP), a class of leading feature extractors, onto a neuromorphic processor such as TrueNorth, a silicon expression of a non-von Neumann, low-power, spiking-based, brain-inspired processor. The application is presented in the form of a texture feature extractor that can process 8-bit grayscale video at 30fps. While consuming less than 140mW of power, this neuromorphic implementation provides a rotation and contrast insensitive characterization of texture, with similar accuracy as a standard von Neumann implementation of the same algorithm. The successful mapping of an important vision routine on a neuromorphic architecture is indicative of an alternative paradigm for addressing the von Neumann bottleneck, which is currently placing severe constraints on the processing speed, power consumption, reliability, scalability, programmability and mobility of vision algorithms. This also introduces a new methodology for the design of vision algorithms for power efficient, asynchronous, mobility-targeted applications.
Primary Pediatric Hypertension: Current Understanding and Emerging Concepts.

The rising prevalence of primary pediatric hypertension and its tracking into adult hypertension point to the importance of determining its pathogenesis to gain insights into its current and emerging management. Considering that the intricate control of BP is governed by a myriad of anatomical, molecular biological, biochemical, and physiological systems, multiple genes are likely to influence an individual’s BP and susceptibility to develop hypertension. The long-term regulation of BP rests on renal and non-renal mechanisms. One renal mechanism relates to sodium transport. The impaired renal sodium handling in primary hypertension and salt sensitivity may be caused by aberrant counter-regulatory natriuretic and anti-natriuretic pathways. The sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems are examples of antinatriuretic pathways. An important counter-regulatory natriuretic pathway is afforded by the renal autocrine/paracrine dopamine system, aberrations of which are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, including that associated with obesity. We present updates on the complex interactions of these two systems with dietary salt intake in relation to obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We review how insults during pregnancy such as maternal and paternal malnutrition, glucocorticoid exposure, infection, placental insufficiency, and treatments during the neonatal period have long-lasting effects in the regulation of renal function and BP. Moreover, these effects have sex differences. There is a need for early diagnosis, frequent monitoring, and timely management due to increasing evidence of premature target organ damage. Large controlled studies are needed to evaluate the long-term consequences of the treatment of elevated BP during childhood, especially to establish the validity of the current definition and treatment of pediatric hypertension.
Supposition as Quantification versus Supposition as Global Quantificational Effect

This paper follows up a suggestion by Paul Vincent Spade that there were two Medieval theories of the modes of personal supposition. I suggest that early work by Sherwood and others was a study of quantifiers: their semantics and the effects of context on inferences that can be made from quantified terms. Later, in the hands of Burley and others, it changed into a study of something else, a study of what I call global quantificational effect. For example, although the quantifier in ‘¬∀xPx’ is universal, it can be seen globally as having an existential effect; this is because the formula containing it is equivalent to ‘∃x¬Px’. The notion of global effect can be explained in terms of the modern theory of normal forms. I suggest that early authors were studying quantifiers, and the terminology of the theory of personal supposition is a classification of kinds of quantifiers. In this theory, to say that a term has distributive supposition is to say, roughly, that it is quantified by a universal quantifying sign. Later authors turned this into a theory of global quantificational effect. In the later theory, to say that a term has distributive supposition is to say that the overall effect is as if the term were universally quantified with a quantifier taking (relatively) wide scope. The difference between these two approaches is illustrated by the fact that the term ‘man’ is classified as having distributive ("universal") supposition in ‘Not every man is running’ in the earlier theory, whereas in the later theory that term does not have distributive supposition; it has determinate ("existential") supposition. In the paper I explain these options, and I argue from several texts that the earlier and later medieval theories actually worked like this. In an appendix I make further efforts to clarify the obscure early accounts, as well as the nineteenth century "doctrine of distribution". The last section of the paper discusses the "purpose(s)" of supposition theory.
Using Ex Vivo Kidney Slices to Study AMPK Effects on Kidney Proteins.

The ex vivo kidney slice technique has been used extensively in the fields of kidney physiology and cell biology. Our group and others have used this method to study epithelial traffic of transport proteins in situ in kidney tissue. In this methodology chapter, we summarize our adaptation of this classic protocol for the study of the effect of AMPK in the modulation of transport protein regulation, especially in kidney epithelial cells. Briefly, slices were obtained by sectioning freshly harvested rodent (rat or mouse) kidneys using a Stadie-Riggs tissue slicer. The harvested kidney and the kidney slices are kept in a physiological buffer equilibrated with 5% CO2 at body temperature (37 °C) in the presence of different AMPK activating agents vs. vehicle control followed by rapid freezing or fixation of the slices to prevent non-specific AMPK activation. Thus, homogenates of these frozen slices can be used to study AMPK activation status in the tissue as well as the downstream effects of AMPK on kidney proteins via biochemical techniques, such as immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. Alternatively, the fixed slices can be used to evaluate AMPK-mediated subcellular traffic changes of epithelial transport proteins via immunolabeling followed by confocal microscopy. The resulting micrographs can then be used for systematic quantification of AMPK-induced changes in subcellular localization of transport proteins.
Ground-Based Medical Support

Ground-based medical support (GBMS) utilizes specially trained medical personnel to provide medical recommendations for in-flight events and preflight passenger screenings. GBMS services are contracted by airlines and are most commonly provided by third-party entities that staff physicians and/or nurses experienced in flight physiology, aircraft operations, and emergency medicine. GBMS may also assist airlines in recognizing the need for public health notification for potential infectious disease involving international travel, as well as the management of occupational health issues such as pilot and crew fitness-to-fly assessments. During an in-flight emergency, airlines largely rely on the advice of GBMS medical providers for decisions regarding medical treatment and use of onboard medications or equipment, often with the assistance and further input of onboard medical volunteers. The decision to divert an aircraft, while influenced by the medical recommendation of GBMS, is ultimately made by the pilot in command and the airline’s dispatch center.
Crystal structures of 5,12-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane cobalt(III) mono-phenyl-acetyl-ide and bis-phenyl-acetyl-ide.

Reported in this contribution are the synthesis and crystal structures of new mono- and bis-phenyl­acetyl­ides based on CoIII(DMC) (DMC is 5,12-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra­aza­cyclo­tetra­deca­ne). Chlorido­(5,12-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra­aza­cyclo­tetra­deca­ne)(phenyl­ethyn­yl)cobalt(III) chloride–aceto­nitrile–methanol (1/1/1), [Co(C8H5)Cl(C12H28N4)]Cl·CH3CN·CH3OH, 1, and (5,12-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra­aza­cyclo­tetra­deca­ne)bis­(phenyl­ethyn­yl)cobalt(III) tri­fluoro­methane­sulfonate–di­chloro­methane (2/1), [Co(C8H5)2(C12H28N4)]2(CF3SO3)2·CH2Cl2, 2, were prepared under weak-base conditions in satisfactory yields. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed that both 1 and 2 adopt a pseudo-octa­hedral symmetry in which the Cl—Co—C angles of 1 and C—Co—C of 2 range from 177.7 (2) to 178.0 (2)° and from 177.67 (9) to 179.67 (9)°, respectively. In both structures, the CoIII metal center is coordinated in the equatorial plane by four N atoms, in which the N—Co—N angles range from 85.6 (3) to 94.4 (3)°. The structure of 1 features two crystallographically independent mol­ecules in its triclinic cell (Z′ = 2), which are related to each other by pseudo-monoclinic symmetry. The crystal investigated was twinned by a symmetry operator of the approximate double-volume C-centered cell (180° rotation around [201] of the actual triclinic cell), with a refined twin ratio of 0.798 (3) to 0.202 (3). Both methanol solvent mol­ecules in 1 are disordered, the major occupancy rates refined to 0.643 (16) and 0.357 (16). Compound 2 also contains two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit, together with two tri­fluoro­methane­sulfonate anions [of which one is disordered; occupancy values of 0.503 (16) and 0.497 (16)] and a disordered di­chloro­methane [occupancy values of 0.545 (12) and 0.455 (12)].
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Among Thyroid Cancer Survivors: Findings From the Utah Cancer Survivors Study

Context Thyroid cancer survivors are at high risk of developing multiple cardiac and vascular conditions as consequence of cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, it is still unclear how the baseline and prognostic factors, as well as cancer treatments, play a role in increasing cardiac and vascular disease risk among thyroid cancer survivors. Objective To investigate the association between potential risk factors, treatment effects, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in thyroid cancer survivors. Design, setting, patients Primary thyroid cancer survivors, diagnosed from 1997 to 2012 (n = 3822), were identified using the statewide Utah Population Database. The medical records were used to ascertain information on risk factors and CVD outcomes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the risk of CVD with baseline demographic data and clinical factors. Results Among thyroid cancer survivors, age and year at cancer diagnosis, cancer stage, sex, baseline body mass index, baseline comorbidities, and TSH suppression therapy were significantly associated with CVD risk 1 to 5 years after cancer diagnosis. Patients who were male, overweight or obese, older at cancer diagnosis, and diagnosed with cancer since 2005 had an increased risk of CVD compared with patients who were female, had a normal body mass index, were younger at cancer diagnosis, and diagnosed with cancer from 1997 to 1999. Administration of TSH suppression therapy, distant metastases at cancer diagnosis, and a higher Charlson comorbidity index score were associated with an increased CVD risk among thyroid cancer survivors. Conclusions Our findings suggest that examining the effect of thyroid cancer diagnosis, cancer treatment, and demographic characteristics on the risk of CVD is critical.
Global health ethics at home and abroad.

Introduction to the March 2010 issue of Virtual Mentor on the topic of global health ethics in practice. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Mechanics and Our Ancestors

The earliest evidence of humans using mechanics is reviewed, including the development of stone weapons, cave painting, and calendars. Early calendars evolved into stone structures such as Stonehenge and Avebury. Language and numeric systems developed shortly thereafter. Around 3,800 BCE, the Egyptians established the longest surviving culture. Their accomplishments using mechanics included pyramids, tombs, temples, mummification, and obelisks. Massive structures built using mechanics in antiquity included the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World.
Social Class, Cultural Repertoires, and Popular Culture: The Case of Film

This research examines two different conceptions of the relationship between social class and familiarity with popular culture in the United States. Specifically, it focuses on differences between members of the upper-middle class and members of the lower-middle class in terms of their film viewing practices. The data for this analysis was obtained from a survey of 364 individuals randomly selected from two neighborhoods in a medium-sized city, one predominantly upper-middle class and the other predominantly lower-middle class. Members of the upper-middle class view more “art” films, as well as more “classic” films and “blockbuster” films, than members of the lower-middle class. These differences are largely attributable to the fact that members of the upper-middle class view more films both in theaters and on videocassettes than members of the lower-middle class. Moreover, these differences are reduced, but not entirely eliminated, by the fact that members of the lower-middle class view more films on television than members of the upper-middle class. Finally, these differences in the film-viewing practices of the members of these two social classes, as identified by their neighborhood of residence, obtain even controlling for a series of demographic and socioeconomic background variables.
Consideration of Hydrogeologic Factors in Designing Wellhead Protection Areas

Legislation was enacted in 1986 to establish the Wellhead Protection Program in the United States. This is a Federal program directing the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to assist the states in designating and protecting areas surrounding public water supply wells from contaminants that may adversely affect human health. Under this program, the states will delineate the Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA) for each public well or wellfield. The WHPA is defined as the surface and subsurface area surrounding a well or wellfield through which contaminants can reasonably be expected to move toward and reach the well. The monitoring of WHPAs can be an integral component of the wellhead protection program. The components of monitoring network design in wellhead protection areas include geohydrologic and geochemical factors of the aquifer flow system; the hydraulics of the wellfield; external hydraulic stresses on the flow system, that is, stresses other than those of the wellfield; anthropogenic and natural sources of potential contaminants; and the chemical and organic nature of potential contaminants. The monitoring of wellhead protection areas should be designed to determine sources of potential contaminants in the WHPA and to detect migration of contaminants toward the wellfields in time to provide remedial or mitigating action to protect the water supply, or in time to provide alternative public water supplies before the source is contaminated. Another role of monitoring is to refine the delineation of the WHPA. The contributing area to the wellfield is not static, but subject to change as it is influenced by increase or decrease in withdrawal from the public supply and as the flow system is influenced by other stresses, including climatic changes that affect recharge from infiltration of precipitation and streamflow, and withdrawal for agricultural or industrial supplies. These factors and others may influence the size and location of the zone of contribution to the well or wellfield. It is therefore important to initially delineate a WHPA that is large enough to adequately protect the water supply under different discharge-recharge conditions.
Raising the Insanity Plea

This article examines whether counsel has an ethical duty to assert the insanity defense, despite the client’s objections, when counsel believes that raising the defense is in the client’s best interest. Two sources of authority are available to resolve the ethical dilemmas associated with raising or failing to raise the insanity defense: (i) the state ethics codes of professional responsibility, and (ii) judicial decisions that apply the Strickland v. Washington standard of review to Sixth Amendment claims of ineffective assistance of counsel. State ethics codes that are based on either the ABA Model Code of Professional Responsibility or the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct designate the client as the autonomous decision maker when deciding whether to raise the insanity defense. This article explores the rules and aspirations of both regulatory texts that pertain to the lawyer’s role when representing a mentally impaired client. With regard to the second major source of regulation, the courts are divided on whether or not a defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel either authorizes or compels counsel to raise the insanity defense over the client’s objections. This article asserts that in light of these two sources of authority, counsel should be in a position to formulate an approach that respects the rights of the client while allowing counsel to comply with ethical duties.
iCore: continuous and proactive extrospection on multi-core IoT devices

In this paper, we present iCore, a novel continuous and proactive extrospection system with high visibility on IoT devices deploying multi-core ARM platforms. Dedicated cores named Isolated Cores are configured to stay in the TrustZone secure world upon system boot to perform monitoring functionalities to extrospect static normal world kernel memory area proactively, continuously, and stealthily. Different from the existing TrustZone paradigm, in which secure world serves as the slave of the normal world, iCore makes the secure world play a master role. Therefore, iCore remains stealthy and proactive to perform monitoring functionalities. The evaluation results show that iCore is effective and imposes negligible performance degradation using the SPEC CPU2017 benchmark.
Workplace Bullying and Job Attitudes: The Moderating Role of Coping Strategies

The underlying mechanism through which workplace bullying impacts employee attitudes (job satisfaction and affective commitment), health and well-being, and behaviors has been theorized little. This study adopted the stress-coping theory framework at the individual level that casts workplace bullying as a negative stressor toward which an individual is motivated to expend cognitive and behavioral energy to cope. When coping is not successful, the stress from workplace bullying continues and leads to negative consequences in affective states and attitudes. This study specifically examined the moderating role of coping strategies in the relationship between exposure to workplace bullying and job attitudes. Findings suggest that exposure to workplace bullying negatively impacts job satisfaction and affective commitment. Coping strategies play a very limited moderator role in the relationship between exposure to workplace bullying and job attitudes. Instead, coping strategies directly relate to job attitudes above and beyond the exposure to workplace bullying exposure. Theoretical and intervention implications are discussed.
Chemo Companions Program

Understanding both a patient's need for support during the cancer journey and the importance for medical students to personally connect with those they care for led to the creation of Chemo Compani...
Investigating the role of health halos and reactance in ice cream choice

Abstract Nutrition labels, sensory experience, and consumers’ preconceived notions about products can affect their purchasing and eating decisions. The proliferation of low-calorie and vegan ice creams in supermarkets provides an interesting test-case for how health, general liking, and psychological factors like halo effects and reactance contribute to product choice. In our study, 223 participants tasted three cinnamon-bun flavored ice cream samples: super-premium, vegan, and low-calorie. Participants were assigned to one of three conditions. Condition one received no information about the three ice creams. Condition two received photos of the product containers, the ingredients, and the nutrition labels. Condition three received the same product information as condition two, along with a warning about the health consequences of eating too much sugar and fat. After tasting each sample, participants rated how much they liked the sample and its perceived healthfulness, and then indicated the sample they preferred overall. Participants in all conditions believed that the vegan ice cream was healthier than the super-premium ice cream, providing evidence of a health halo effect. Participants ranked the super-premium ice cream as tasting the best across all conditions. Liking rating was the strongest predictor of overall ice cream preference as indicated by participants’ preferred ice cream being the super-premium. The research findings have implications for nutrition educators and marketers, reinforcing that liking is a large driver of product choice, that health halos around vegan products exist, and that a text health warning does not dissuade people from choosing an indulgent option.
Vaginal Rupture and Evisceration in a Patient With Chronic Rectocele: A Case Report and Literature Review

While uterine prolapse is not uncommon in postmenopausal women, vaginal rupture and evisceration of small bowel in a patient without prior abdominal or pelvic surgery is a rare entity. We present a case of a 79-year-old woman with a prolonged history of uterine prolapse and rectocele who presented with vaginal rupture with subsequent evisceration and incarceration of her small bowel mandating emergent surgery. J Curr Surg. 2019;9(4):57-60 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jcs393
An Integrative Review of Factors Associated With Symptom Burden at the End of Life in Children With Cancer.

Children with cancer experience multiple symptoms at end of life (EOL) that impair their health-related quality of life. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses...
Functional Polymers for Lithium Metal Batteries

Lithium metal anode based rechargeable batteries (LMB) are regarded as the most viable alternative to replace state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries (LIB) as they can provide higher-energydensity energy storage. With this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry being awarded to Akira Yoshino,M. Stanley Whittingham, and John B. Goodenough for their contribution in developing LIBs, even more attention is now drawn to the development of LMBs. Due to the highly reactive nature of metallic lithium and the change with regard to cathode, electrolyte and anode design, the industrial success of LMB has yet to be achieved. Traditionally, in an LMB the role of polymeric componentsis mostly limited to the role of separators and cathode binders. However, with the continued development of polymer chemistry and its growing number of applications in materials science, it is now recognized that designing and applying functional polymers can greatly improve thepractical performance of an LMB. This thesis describes how various polymer materials could be synthesized and tailored for improving the cycling stability of LMBs. Chapter 1 will systematically discuss the state-of-the-art of various macromolecular approaches to improve each major component of an LMB, namely the electrolyte/separators, anode-electrolyte interface, anode, cathode-electrolyte interface and highenergy- density cathode materials including layered metal oxides and sulfur. Chapter 2 describes the development of two polymer electrolytes with high lithium transference number prepared byatom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and anionic ring opening polymerization (ROP). Chapter 3 describes the development of two polymer based artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) that can stabilize the lithium deposition on the anode surface during lithium plating. One of the examples uses an organic/inorganic hybrid material prepared by covalently grafting polymers from a solid metal oxide by surface-initiated ATRP. Another one uses a single-ion polymer discussed in Chapter 2. Chapter 4 discusses the development of a composite lithium metal anodethat exhibits flowable properties and is compatible with ceramic solid electrolytes. Chapter 5 discusses how polymeric materials could be used as reactive surfactants to tailor the morphology of lithium metal from plain foils to microparticles and nanoflakes. Finally, a summary with outlook on future directions is provided.
Effectiveness of speed measures to improve roundabout capacity “case study”

The objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of speed measures to improve capacity at the roundabouts under near saturation level. Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities introduced measures of using speed humps on multilane roundabout to slow down vehicular traffic entering the roundabout which might improve safety and capacity. Spot speed, vehicular volume and queued data have been collected and analyzed before and after the speed measures. Results show use of speed humps bring insignificant change in speed profiles through the roundabout with little or no effect on capacity. In addition, measured and calculated queue lengths also show no significant change.
Protein kinase Cι promotes UBF1–ECT2 binding on ribosomal DNA to drive rRNA synthesis and transformed growth of non-small-cell lung cancer cells

Epithelial cell–transforming sequence 2 (ECT2) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho GTPases that is overexpressed in many cancers and involved in signal transduction pathways that promote cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis. Recently, we demonstrated that a significant pool of ECT2 localizes to the nucleolus of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, where it binds the transcription factor upstream binding factor 1 (UBF1) on the promoter regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and activates rDNA transcription, transformed cell growth, and tumor formation. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which ECT2 engages UBF1 on rDNA promoters. Results from ECT2 mutagenesis indicated that the tandem BRCT domain of ECT2 mediates binding to UBF1. Biochemical and MS-based analyses revealed that protein kinase Cι (PKCι) directly phosphorylates UBF1 at Ser-412, thereby generating a phosphopeptide-binding epitope that binds the ECT2 BRCT domain. Lentiviral shRNA knockdown and reconstitution experiments revealed that both a functional ECT2 BRCT domain and the UBF1 Ser-412 phosphorylation site are required for UBF1-mediated ECT2 recruitment to rDNA, elevated rRNA synthesis, and transformed growth. Our findings provide critical molecular insight into ECT2-mediated regulation of rDNA transcription in cancer cells and offer a rationale for therapeutic targeting of UBF1- and ECT2-stimulated rDNA transcription for the management of NSCLC.
Congenital CMV-Coded Diagnosis Among American Indian and Alaska Native Infants in the United States, 2000-2017

To assess prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)-coded diagnosis among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) infants who received Indian Health Service (IHS)-funded care during 2000–2017. Using data from the Indian Health Service National Data Warehouse, we identified AI/AN infants with congenital CMV-coded diagnosis, defined as presence of a diagnostic code for congenital CMV disease or CMV infection (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision or Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification 771.1, 078.5, P35.1, B25.xx) within 90 days of life. We calculated prevalence of congenital CMV-coded diagnosis overall, by age at first CMV-coded diagnosis, and by geographical region. During 2000–2017, 54 (1.5/10,000) of 354,923 AI/AN infants had a congenital CMV-coded diagnosis; 32 (0.9/10,000) had their first CMV-coded diagnosis within 45 days of life, and 22 (0.6/10,000) between 46 and 90 days of life. Prevalence of congenital CMV-coded diagnosis varied by region (range 0.9/10,000 in Southern Plains to 3.7/10,000 in Alaska, P = 0.0038). Among the 54 infants with a congenital CMV-coded diagnosis, 48% had clinical signs such as jaundice, petechiae, or microcephaly, compared to 25% of 354,869 infants without a CMV-coded diagnosis (P < 0.01); and 1 (2%) vs. 277 (0.1%), respectively, died (P < 0.05). The prevalence of congenital CMV-coded diagnosis among AI/AN infants who received care at IHS facilities was slightly lower than in other studies based on health claims data and varied by geographical region.
Optical Modalities for Embryonic Imaging

Studies of disease etiology often rely on the murine (mouse) model, which provides valuable genotypic information. Yet associated phenotypic information from murine embryos is often lacking. This year, we developed approaches to improve embryonic imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT), and also provided a detailed comparison of OCT and another modality, optical projection tomography (OPT), in murine-embryo studies.
On metric characterizations of the Radon–Nikodým and related properties of Banach spaces

We find a class of metric structures which do not admit bilipschitz embeddings into Banach spaces with the Radon–Nikodým property. Our proof relies on Chatterji's (1968) martingale characterization of the RNP and does not use the Cheeger's (1999) metric differentiation theory. The class includes the infinite diamond and both Laakso (2000) spaces. We also show that for each of these structures there is a non-RNP Banach space which does not admit its bilipschitz embedding. We prove that a dual Banach space does not have the RNP if and only if it admits a bilipschitz embedding of the infinite diamond. The paper also contains related characterizations of reflexivity and the infinite tree property.
Toward Frameworks with Multiple Aligned and Interactive Fe(CO)3 Rotators: Syntheses and Structures of Diiron Complexes Linked by Two trans-Diaxial α,ω-Diphosphine Ligands Ar2P(CH2)nPAr2.

Reactions of (η4-benzylideneacetone)Fe(CO)3 and the α,ω-diphosphines Ar2P(CH2)nPAr2 afford the trigonal bipyramidal diiron tetraphosphorus complexes trans,trans-(CO)3Fe[Ar2P(CH2)nPAr2]2Fe(CO)3 (n/Ar = 3/Ph 3, 4/Ph 4a, 4/p-tol 4b; 56-19%). Crystal structures establish essentially parallel P-Fe-P axes, iron-iron distances of 5.894(9)-5.782(1) A (3) and 6.403(1)-6.466(1) A (4a,b), and van der Waals radii of 4.45 A for the Fe(CO)3 rotators, the planes of which are offset by 0.029-1.665 A. Analogous reactions of Ph2P(CH2)6PPh2 yield the square pyramidal monoiron complex trans-(CO)3Fe[Ph2P(CH2)6PPh2] (6', 31%), a rare case where a diphosphine spans trans basal positions (∠P-Fe-P 147.4(2)°). Both 3 and 6' exhibit two CO 13C NMR signals at room temperature, indicating slow exchange on the NMR time scale, which in the former could entail Fe(CO)3/Fe(CO)3 gearing. Under analogous conditions, 4a,b exhibit one signal. Previously reported adducts of Fe(CO)3 and Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 are surveyed (1:1, n = 1-5; 2:2, n = 5), and the IR νC≡O band patterns and energies of all complexes analyzed with the aid of DFT calculations. The diiron complexes are preferred thermodynamically. Attention is given to limiting types of Fe(CO)3/Fe(CO)3 interactions in the diiron complexes.
Impact of body mass index on 90-day warfarin requirements: a retrospective chart review.

Background:Rates of obesity continue to rise worldwide as evidenced in the 2017 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report that indicated over 35% of United States (US) citizens are ob...
Evaluation of some aspects in supervised cell type identification for single-cell RNA-seq: classifier, feature selection, and reference construction

Cell type identification is one of the most important questions in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis. With the accumulation of public scRNA-seq data, supervised cell type identification methods have gained increasing popularity due to better accuracy, robustness, and computational performance. Despite all the advantages, the performance of the supervised methods relies heavily on several key factors: feature selection, prediction method, and, most importantly, choice of the reference dataset. In this work, we perform extensive real data analyses to systematically evaluate these strategies in supervised cell identification. We first benchmark nine classifiers along with six feature selection strategies and investigate the impact of reference data size and number of cell types in cell type prediction. Next, we focus on how discrepancies between reference and target datasets and how data preprocessing such as imputation and batch effect correction affect prediction performance. We also investigate the strategies of pooling and purifying reference data. Based on our analysis results, we provide guidelines for using supervised cell typing methods. We suggest combining all individuals from available datasets to construct the reference dataset and use multi-layer perceptron (MLP) as the classifier, along with F-test as the feature selection method. All the code used for our analysis is available on GitHub ( https://github.com/marvinquiet/RefConstruction_supervisedCelltyping ).
Fatigue, Depression, Cardiovascular Risk, and Self-Rated Health: Comparing a Community Sample of Adults to Those With a History of Myocardial Infarction.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to compare fatigue, depression, cardiovascular risk, and self-rated health in community dwelling adults (CDA) without a history of myocardial infarction (MI) compared to adults who had experienced an MI 3 to 7 years ago. A convenience sample (n = 40) of CDA completed: demographic health form, Revised Piper Fatigue Scale, and CES-D. Age-matched controls (n = 40) were randomly selected from the Recurrence of Myocardial Infarction (ROMI) study. Most (N = 80) were White (66%) with a mean age of 58.3 (SD = 11.5; range 21-83). The ROMI group reported more diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and hypertension, and had higher fatigue (t(61) = 4.51, p < .001). No differences were noted in depression scores (p = .952). Higher fatigue and depression scores were correlated with poorer self-rated health: r = .544 (p < .001) and r = .295 (p = .008).
Training prehospital personnel in saphenous vein cutdown and adult intraosseous access techniques.

Objective. To compare the success rates, complication rates, and times required for paramedic students to perform saphenous vein cutdown and adult intraosseous infusion using the bone injection gun (BIG). Methods. This was a prospective, randomized crossover study of 13 senior-level students in a baccalaureate degree paramedic program. Study subjects were instructed in adult intraosseous and saphenous vein cutdown techniques through lecture and laboratory exercises and then randomized into two groups. Group 1 performed saphenous vein cutdown at the ankle, followed by intraosseous infusion using the BIG. Group 2 performed the same procedures but in reverse order. All procedures were performed on preserved cadavers and videotaped. Using a standardized scoring sheet, the authors evaluated the study subjects at the time of the procedures to determine success rates, errors, and complications. Videotapes were later reviewed to verify the time required to complete the procedures. Results. The normalized mean pro...
The emerging role of RNA-binding proteins in the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei

Summary One of the key questions in understanding the biology of an organism is how to correlate cellular fate and function with gene expression patterns. This is particularly relevant for pathogenic organisms, like the parasitic protozoa Trypanosoma brucei, who often cycle between different hosts, thereby encountering vastly different environments. Survival in and adaptation to new surroundings requires activation of specific gene networks, which is most often achieved by regulatory mechanisms embedded in the transcriptional machinery. However, in T. brucei and related trypanosomatids these responses appear to be accomplished mainly by post-transcriptional mechanisms. Although an understanding of how this parasite modulates gene regulatory networks is in the early stages, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are beginning to take centre stage. Here, we discuss recent progress in the identification of RBPs with crucial roles in different stages of the T. brucei life cycle, and in elucidating targets of RBPs.
The Brahman and the Word Principle ( Śabda )

The literature of Bhartṛhari and Maṇḍana attention in contemporary times. The writings of the prominent linguistic philosopher and grammarian Bhartṛhari and of Manḍana, an encyclopedic scholar of later seventh century and most likely a senior contemporary of Śaṅkara, shape Indian philosophical thinking to a great extent. On this premise, this study of the influence of Bhartṛhari on Maṇḍana’s literature, the scope of this essay, allows us to explore the significance of Bhartṛhari’s writings, not only to comprehend the philosophy of language, but also to understand the contribution of linguistic philosophy in shaping Advaita philosophy in subsequent times. This comparison is not to question originality on the part of Maṇḍana, but rather to explore the interrelationship between linguistic philosophy and the monistic philosophy of the Upaniṣadic tradition. Besides excavating the role of Bhartṛhari writings on the texts of Maṇḍana, analysis this will reveal the interrelatedness of the Advaita school of Śaṅkara often addressed as ‘pure non-dualism’ (Kevalādvaita) and the Advaita of Bhartṛhari, identified as ‘non-dualism of the word-principle’ (Śabdādvaita).
Cancer incidence in women exposed to DES in utero

Purpose Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen administered to millions of women in the U.S. and Europe, was shown in the early 1970s to have a strong association with clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) in the daughters who were exposed in utero . Results from data collected through 1994 from the NCI DES Combined Cohorts Follow-up Study showed that DES-exposed daughters experienced no excess risk of all cancers combined in comparisons with both the general population and daughters who were unexposed to DES. Except for CCA, for which a strong association was demonstrated, risk in exposed daughters was not elevated for individual cancer sites. Data through 1997 suggested, however, that DES is associated with an elevated breast cancer risk in women 40 years of age and older. Methods Preliminary analysis of new cases reported through 2001 compared observed to expected cancer rates based upon age- and calendar-year specific SEER incidence rates in white females. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results A total of 235 cancer cases occurred during follow up, with 175 occurring among exposed women (97,830 person-years) and 60 among unexposed women (34,810). Overall, there was no excess risk of cancer among DES-exposed daughters for all cancers combined (SIR 1.1; 95% CI 0.91–1.2), or among the unexposed comparison group (SIR 0.86; 95% CI 0.67–1.1). One new case of CCA of the cervix/vagina occurred since the 1994 follow up for a total of four confirmed cases of CCA in the exposed with less than 0.1 expected resulting in a SIR of 41 (95% CI 15–110), and no cases occurring in the unexposed women. Conclusions Data addressing the association of DES and cancer risk in daughters updated with 7 additional years of follow-up will be presented. Specific results for cancer sites will be discussed in the context of the in utero estrogen exposure hypothesis and subsequent cancer risk.
Media, globalization, and the (un)making of the Palestinian cause

This article examines the Palestinian cause’s relationship to globalization: how it has been represented, mediated, and co-opted since the 1950s, and how it echoed rhetorically, politically, and ideologically by different groups; and how these resulted in both wider attention and obscurity. Particular moments of the Palestinian cause are highlighted, beginning with the movement’s circulation within third world liberation struggles and anti-imperial movements, which thrust the Palestinian struggle to prominence in contemporary history and across media platforms. By the 1980s, Palestine became deployed as an unresolved system of imperialism, and as media attention expanded the result was an abstraction of the struggle’s anti-colonial origins. This tension of attention and abstraction is discernible in contemporary solidarity movements on human rights and social justice. The article concludes that as the cause continues to gain universal traction, the core political issues are rendered distant and mediated s...
Processing Conscientious Objector Claims: A Constitutional Inquiry

T HIS ARTICLE WILL ANALYZE Selective Service System procedures for resolving a registrant's claim for conscientious objector classification' and the nature of judicial review available after an adverse decision. I conclude that this process is constitutionally defective, and I propose the remedy of expanded judicial review of the merits of the conscientious objector claim. The passage of the Military Selective Service Act of 1967 has made several important changes in an older law, which was upheld by the Supreme Court despite its severe limitations on the rights of registrants, restricting those rights even further.2 Hopefully passage of the Act will provide occasion for the Supreme Court not only to scrutinize the changes themselves, but also to reconsider its position on the issues at stake when Selective Service classification decisions are challenged. Under the new Act, judicial review is available only to a registrant who refuses to submit to induction when ordered to do so and who raises the defective classification as a defense in a consequent criminal proceeding.3 The scope of review is extremely narrow: The classification is to be upheld if it is supported by "any basis in fact."4 The Supreme Court has made clear that because a conscientious objector must demonstrate his sincerity, a local board can always deny his classification with a "basis in fact," at least if the registrant appears before the local board, simply by finding that his "appearance [is] one of unreliability."" Thus, under
The effects of smoking deprivation on caloric intake in women with bulimia nervosa

Smoking is known to affect appetite and weight in both animals and humans. We examined the relation between smoking deprivation and caloric intake in five women with bulimia nervosa in whom the weight regulation aspects of smoking may be particularly salient
Internet-based survey of primary care (PC) residents’ opinions and practices related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Internet-based survey of primary care (PC) residents’ opinions and practices related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Strain-dependent effect of ethanol on ventricular septal defect frequency in white leghorn chick embryos

We have tested the potential of a single dose of ethanol (0.20ml 50% ethanol in chick Ringer's saline (CRS) administered into the air sac) to produce ventricular septal defect (VSD) in three distinct commercially available strains of White Leghorn chick embryo: stress-resistant Dekalb Delta strain, Hy-Vac SPF type V, and Hy-Vac SPF type L. Eggs were controlled for both size and developmental stage (Hamburger-Hamilton stage 18–19) at time of injection. The frequency of VSD in Dekalb Delta embryos was 4.0% (1/25), in Hy-Vac SPF type L embryos 9.1% (3/33), and in Hy-Vac SPF type V embryos 38.9% (14/36). Statistical analysis with the two-tailed Fisher Exact Test indicated that frequencies were not significantly different (P = 0.3215) when Dekalb Delta and Hy-Vac type L embryos were compared. However, the frequency of VSD for Hy-Vac type V embryos was significantly greater than that for either the Dekalb Delta or the Hy-Vac type L embryos (P <0.005). All VSDs observed were located within the crista supraventricularis. When Hy-Vac SPF type V embryos were exposed to either 0.20 ml 50% ethanol in CRS or to 0.20 ml CRS (controls), ethanol-treated embryos showed a VSD incidence of 34.1% compared with a 3.6% incidence in the controls (P = 0.0017). These data suggest that ethanol is the cause of VSD in this strain. From the results of this study, we are led to conclude that different commercial strains of White Leghorn chick embryo show different susceptibilities to the induction of VSD by ethanol. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Interfacing CAD and CAM—A study in hole design

Abstract Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) are modern tools for both the designer and manufacturing engineer. These two tools, however, are not usually integrated into one system. In this study, an effort has been made to connect design and manufacturing by interfacing them into a unified software system. Through this demonstrative CAD/CAM package, the designer interacts with a graphics terminal to enter hole design details; these, in turn, are sent to a generative automatic process planning routing which defines appropriate process plans. In addition, a cost estimate is given which provides the designer with a measure of the economic effectiveness of his design. In the future, it will be possible to interface such systems with part programming routines to obtain explicit machine control information. Such a system represents a significant step toward making totally automated manufacturing a reality.
An effective nonparametric quickest detection procedure based on Q-Q distance

Quickest detection schemes are geared toward detecting a change in the state of a data stream or a real-time process. Classical quickest detection schemes invariably assume knowledge of the pre-change and post-change distributions that may not be available in many applications. In this paper, we present a distribution free nonparametric quickest detection procedure based on a novel distance measure, referred to as the Q-Q distance calculated from the Q-Q plot, for detection of distribution changes. Through experimental study, we show that the Q-Q distance-based detection procedure presents comparable or better performance compared to classical parametric and other nonparametric procedures. The proposed procedure is most effective when detecting small changes.
On a numerical method for a homogeneous, nonlinear, nonlocal, elliptic boundary value problem

Abstract In this work we develop a numerical method for the equation: − α ( ∫ 0 1 u ( t ) d t ) u ″ ( x ) + [ u ( x ) ] 2 n + 1 = 0 , x ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) , u ( 0 ) = a , u ( 1 ) = b . We begin by establishing a priori estimates and the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the nonlinear auxiliary problem via the Schauder fixed point theorem. From this analysis, we then prove the existence and uniqueness to the problem above by defining a continuous compact mapping, utilizing the a priori estimates and the Brouwer fixed point theorem. Next, we analyze a discretization of the above problem and show that a solution to the nonlinear difference problem exists and is unique and that the numerical procedure converges with error 풪 ( h ) . We conclude with some examples of the numerical process.