cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reduced axoplasmic somatostatin transport in hypothyroid rats.

: The effect of hypothyroidism on neuronal function was studied by measuring axoplasmic transport of immunoreactive somatostatin in rat sciatic nerve by the ligation technique. Accumulation of immunoreactive somatostatin proximal to a ligature was linear up to 8 h in normal, in thyroidectomized, and in parathyroidectomized rats. The transport rate was decreased by 38% in thyroidectomized rats as compared to normal rats and was unchanged in parathyroidectomized rats. Sciatic nerve content of somatostatin in hypothyroid rats did not differ from control. Reduced accumulation of immunoreactive somatostatin in hypothyroid rats may be due to a decrease in somatostatin synthesis or in axoplasmic transport, or to an increase in the degradation rate of the peptide.
Effects of sound intensity on a midlatency evoked response to repeated auditory stimuli in schizophrenic and normal subjects

Inhibitory gating of response to repeated stimuli is demonstrated by several event-related potentials, including the auditory P50 wave. The present study examined the effects of variation in sound intensity on this phenomenon in schizophrenics and normal subjects. Paired clicks, 500 ms apart, were presented 50 dB above threshold to 10 normal subjects and 10 schizophrenics. The normal subjects demonstrated significantly more decrement of response to the second stimulus than did the schizophrenics. When the sounds were noticeably louder(70 dB above threshold), no such difference was observed. Rather, both groups had similarly diminished gating of response. A significant difference between schizophrenics and normal subjects was also observed when the sounds were 30 dB above threshold, but the difference was smaller than that at 50 dB. At any stimulus intensity, concomitant eye movements led to loss of gating of P50 in the normal subjects.
Kinin and angiotensin metabolism by purified renal post-proline cleaving enzyme.

Abstract Post-proline cleaving enzyme (PPCE; EC 3.4.21.26) is a proline specific endopeptidase capable of hydrolyzing biologically active peptides. The present studies examined the hydrolysis of kinin- and angiotensin-related peptides by cytosolic PPCE purified from porcine kidney. PPCE hydrolysis of the synthetic substrate Z-Gly-Pro-MCA (30.7 ± 0.3 μmol · min−1 · mg−1) was competitively inhibited by saralasin, bradykinin, des(Arg9)bradykinin, [Leu8], des(Arg9)bradykinin and angiotensin II (IC50 = 0.5 to 7.0 μM). Qualitative TLC studies demonstrated that each peptide was degraded by hydrolysis on the carboxyl side of proline residues (positions 7 or 8). Quantitative HPLC studies established that peptide degradation was optimal at pH 8.2 to 8.7 and was inhibited by the specific PPCE inhibitor Z-Pro-prolinal (IC50 = 0.8 ± 0.1 nM). Conversely, degradation was unaffected by inhibitors of aminopeptidases (amastatin), neutral endopeptidase (phosphoramidon), carboxypeptidase N (MERGETPA) or angiotensin I converting enzyme (captopril). Apparent Km values, obtained from Lineweaver-Burk analysis, were comparable for all kinin and angiotensin peptides (Km = 5.5 to 12.8 μM), whereas Vmax values ranged from 1.7μmol · min−1 · mg−1 for angiotensin II to 0.44 μmol · min−1 · mg−1 for saralasin. These data are consistent with a role for PPCE in the degradation of kinins and angiotensin in vivo.
Social disadvantage predicts growth outcomes in preadolescent children with cystic fibrosis

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a multi-dimensional construct that is used as anindicator of environmental influences on health and well-being [1–7]. A sociological approach to understanding the importance of SES for health outcomes may be informative. The idea of capital, broadly defined as resources and assets that affectwell-being on anindividual orgroup level, is derived from conventional measures of SES but incorporates the critical dimension of social relationships. Specifically, access to material resources (financial capital), non-material resources (human capital) and social relationships (social capital) may converge to influence health and well-being, but represent distinct resources [8–9]. Although it is preferable to measure multiple dimensions of SES, investigators often use a single measure, such as income. Braverman and others [10–12] have maintained that although SES measures are moderately correlated, they are neither interchangeable nor robust independent proxies for SES. Bauman et al. [1] examined the impact of social disadvantage on child health. Social disadvantage was defined by four risk factors that are commonly used as SES measures: race/ethnicity, income, parental education, family structure. While each factor was independently related to overall risk of poor health, only income, parental education and family structure were related to other health outcomes, namely the presence of a chronic medical condition, and to the presence of limited activity. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disease in children of European descent in the US, with variable effects on pulmonary function and growth. Using data from the US CF Registry, two studies have investigated the impact of income on health outcomes in children with CF [13–14]. Investigators reported a significantly higher risk of death, growth faltering and reduced pulmonary function in children from lower versus higher income families. The effects of other dimensions of SES were not examined. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of SES on children with CF using a sociological approach. We examined the relationship between financial, human and social capital and growth and pulmonary status in preadolescent children with CF and pancreatic insufficiency (PI) over 24 months. For the purpose of this study, financial capital was defined as household income,humancapital asprimarycaregivereducationandsocial capital as family structure, specifically the number of caregivers in the household.
Redox potential and oxygen diffusion rate as parameters for monitoring biodegradation of some organic wastes in soil

Abstract Wax impregnated graphite electrodes (WIGEs) and platinum wire electrodes (PWEs) have been used to monitor the redox potential (EH) and the oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) during biodegradation of glucose and phenol in a soil environment. The microbial activity and the actual degradation of these compounds also were determined analytically, and the results were compared with the EH and ODR measurements. The results show that EH and ODR can be suitable parameters for the indication of complete biodegradation of organic wastes by land treatment.
Biaxial ordering of deuterochloroform in a smectic G phase

Abstract The biaxial symmetry of the low temperature smectic phase of N-(4-n-hexyloxybenzylidene)-4-n-hexylaniline is demonstrated through observation of the deuterium NMR resonance of CDCl3 probe molecules dissolved in this phase. The biaxial ordering is revealed in the observed powder spectrum as well as in a complete rotation study of a uniformly aligned sample.
Ab Initio Computation of the Duschinsky Mixing of Vibrations and Nonlinear Effects

We present an analysis of the Duschinsky effect and its application to real molecules. We discuss the many subtle aspects of applying the theory to calculations and give examples of a nonlinear normal coordinate transformation. We show how to judge if nonlinear effects are small enough to be neglected through use of the zero-order axis-switching approximation, which allows calculation of Franck−Condon factors (FCF). However, even with the zero-order axis-switching approximation, nonorthogonality can occur in the Duschinsky matrix, and this must be corrected to allow proper FCF calculations. We have calculated the Duschinsky effect for two systems that form the anion in an electron-transfer ion pair, V(CO)6- and Co(CO)4-. The formation of the D3d neutral vanadium species is accompanied by a small geometric distortion and small Duschinsky effect, despite the change in point group from Oh. We discuss how to perform the calculations to properly represent degenerate vibrations and how to test if the linear app...
Getting an EE degree and job in Brazil: A rapidly developing country can provide unique opportunities for the motivated individual

Brazil is the biggest and in many respects the most important nation in South America. It is also one of the most rapidly developing countries in the world, with its 130 million inhabitants responsible for the eighth largest internal gross national product worldwide.
Laminar convective heat transfer and viscous pressure loss of alumina–water and zirconia–water nanofluids

Abstract Laminar convective heat transfer and viscous pressure loss were investigated for alumina–water and zirconia–water nanofluids in a flow loop with a vertical heated tube. The heat transfer coefficients in the entrance region and in the fully developed region are found to increase by 17% and 27%, respectively, for alumina–water nanofluid at 6 vol % with respect to pure water. The zirconia–water nanofluid heat transfer coefficient increases by approximately 2% in the entrance region and 3% in the fully developed region at 1.32 vol %. The measured pressure loss for the nanofluids is in general much higher than for pure water. However, both the measured nanofluid heat transfer coefficient and pressure loss are in good agreement with the traditional model predictions for laminar flow, provided that the loading- and temperature-dependent thermophysical properties of the nanofluids are utilized in the evaluation of the dimensionless numbers. In other words, no abnormal heat transfer enhancement or pressure loss was observed within measurement errors.
Representations of Finite-Dimensional Hopf Algebras

Abstract LetHdenote a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra with antipodeSover a field k . We give a new proof of the fact, due to OS , thatHis a symmetric algebra if and only ifHis unimodular andS2is inner. IfHis involutory and not semisimple, then the dimensions of all projectiveH-modules are shown to be divisible by char k . In the case where k is a splitting field forH, we give a formula for the rank of the Cartan matrix ofH, reduced mod char k , in terms of an integral forH. Explicit computations of the Cartan matrix, the ring structure ofG0(H), and the structure of the principal indecomposable modules are carried out for certain specific Hopf algebras, in particular for the restricted enveloping algebras of completely solvablep-Lie algebras and ofsl(2, k ).
Development of a Group Contribution Method To Predict Aqueous Phase Hydroxyl Radical (HO•) Reaction Rate Constants

The hydroxyl radical (HO•) is a strong oxidant that reacts with electron-rich sites of organic compounds and initiates complex chain mechanisms. In order to help understand the reaction mechanisms, a rule-based model was previously developed to predict the reaction pathways. For a kinetic model, there is a need to develop a rate constant estimator that predicts the rate constants for a variety of organic compounds. In this study, a group contribution method (GCM) is developed to predict the aqueous phase HO• rate constants for the following reaction mechanisms: (1) H-atom abstraction, (2) HO• addition to alkenes, (3) HO• addition to aromatic compounds, and (4) HO• interaction with sulfur (S)-, nitrogen (N)-, or phosphorus (P)-atom-containing compounds. The GCM hypothesizes that an observed experimental rate constant for a given organic compound is the combined rate of all elementary reactions involving HO•, which can be estimated using the Arrhenius activation energy, Ea, and temperature. Each Ea for thos...
The effect of the lattice spacing change on cross-bridge kinetics in chemically skinned rabbit psoas muscle fibers. II. Elementary steps affected by the spacing change.

The actin-myosin lattice spacing of rabbit psoas fibers was osmotically compressed with a dextran T-500, and its effect on the elementary steps of the cross-bridge cycle was investigated. Experiments were performed at the saturating Ca (pCa 4.5–4.9), 200 mM ionic strength, pH 7.0, and at 20 degrees C, and the results were analyzed by the following cross-bridge scheme: [formula: see text] where A = actin, M = myosin head, S = MgATP, D = MgADP, and P = Pi = phosphate. From MgATP and MgADP studies on exponential process (C) and (D), the association constants of cross-bridges to MgADP (K0), MgATP (K1a), the rate constants of the isomerization of the AM S state (k1b and k-1b), and the rate constants of the cross-bridge detachment step (k2 and k-2) were deduced. From Pi study on process (B), the rate constants of the cross-bridge attachment (power stroke) step (k4- and k-4) and the association constant of Pi ions to cross-bridges (K5) were deduced. From ATP hydrolysis measurement, the rate constant of ADP-isomerization (rate-limiting) step (k6) was deduced. These kinetic constants were studied as functions of dextran concentrations. Our results show that nucleotide binding, the ATP-isomerization, and the cross-bridge detachment steps are minimally affected by the compression. The rate constant of the reverse power stroke step (k-4) decreases with mild compression (0–6.3% dextran), presumably because of the stabilization of the attached cross-bridges in the AM*DP state. The rate constant of the power stroke step (k4) does not change with mild compression, but it decreases with higher compression (> 6.3% dextran), presumably because of an increased difficulty in performing the power stroke. These results are consistent with the observation that isometric tension increases with a low level of compression and decreases with a high level of compression. Our results also show that the association constant K5 of Pi with cross-bridge state AM*D is not changed with compression. Our result further show that the ATP hydrolysis rate decreased with compression, and that the rate constants of the ADP-isomerization step (k6) becomes progressively less with compression. The effect of compression on the power stroke step and rate-limiting step implies that a large-scale molecular rearrangement in the myosin head takes place in these two slow reaction steps.
The 28Si(7Li, 7Be)28Al reaction at 36 MeV

Abstract The 28 Si( 7 Li, 7 Be) 28 Al reaction has been investigated at E 7 Li = 36 MeV. States and groups of states were observed up to 5.3 MeV excitation in the 28 Al+ 7 Be system. Experimental angular distribution for unresolved doublets of states at ≈ 0.0 and 0.44 MeV excitation, corresponding to 7 Be in its ground state ( 7 Be 0 ) and first excited states ( 7 Be 1 ) with 28 Al in its ground state (3 + ) and first excited state (0.031 MeV, 2 + ) are compared with microscopic distorted wave approximation calculations.
Initial experiments with monochromatic X-ray imaging by X pinches on the cobra accelerator

Summary form only given. The COBRA accelerator is a pulsed power generator capable of producing up to 1 MA current pulses. The machine is driven by two 60 kJ Marx generators that feed four parallel pulse-forming lines that are merged into a single wire-array Z-pinch load. A typical pulse rise time is 100 ns and the pulse width is about 200 ns. Time-gated X-ray imaging is an important diagnostic for the study of imploding dense Z-pinches. These rapidly changing plasmas must be studied on the nanosecond time scale, and they generally radiate strongly in the soft X-ray range. As such, they require short, intense X-ray sources to illuminate them. Monochromatic X-ray imaging using an X pinch X-ray source is a way that has been used successfully in the past. On COBRA, X-pinches in return current rods in the Z-pinch load region are used as the time-gated X-ray source. Monochromatic imaging is provided by reflecting X pinch radiation off of a spherically bent mica crystal. Experiments have been performed to investigate X-ray source parameters including source size and X-ray spectrum for various materials and configurations. These results will be the main focus of this presentation
The ntersection of agricultural sustainability and new farmer education: A sociohistorical analysis

The literature in sociology and rural studies suggests that since the industrialized agro-food system continues to dominate the influence of production and marketing towards a global trajectory, the flow of information and opportunity pertaining to agriculture and rural development is predominantly oriented along this same path. In this view, some authors argue that in order to have sustainable agricultural development, we need to have an alternative system of research and education, one that contrasts with the way the US public system of agriculture has operated for the past 50 years. This paper examines “new farmer” education as one such alternative to the industrial extension project developed by a number of agricultural organizations providing sites of learning and resource for new kinds of agriculturists, particularly farmers engaged in alternative food systems. While it appears new farmer education is informed by the sustainable agriculture movement, it remains uncertain as to what this expression looks like and what purpose it serves. By reviewing the sociological and educational literature, this paper investigates the structural and cultural patterns that contribute to the formation of new farmer education since the Second World War. Thus, the paper further elucidates the ideological and discursive forces constituting and challenging new farmer education. Insights are offered for future in-depth studies of the implications of sustainable agricultural education and policy from political economy, epistemological, feminist, and new social movement perspectives.
Verification of the coating performance for the AXAF flight optics based on reflectivity measurements of coated witness samples

The iridium coating of the AXAF flight optics by Optical Coating Laboratories, Inc. (OCLI) has taken place over the past eight months. During the coating effort, it was necessary to verify the performance of the coatings continually as deposition parameters were changed to accommodate the different geometry of each optic. In addition, quick look reflectivity measurements have been completed for witness samples coated during each run. The minimum reflectivity to be met was 82 percent at 20 arcminutes grazing angle and 50 percent at 34 arcminutes grazing angle. THis can be compared with a theoretical reflectivity, based on the Henke coefficients, of 88 percent and 62 percent at 20 and 34 arcmin respectively. Previous measurements by P. Slane, et al., gave mean values of 84 percent at 20 arcmin and 51 percent at 34 arcmin grazing angle. Measurements reported here were carried out by the SAO reflectivity laboratory, which is part of the AXAF mission support team. The quick look results of both the qualification samples and the production samples are presented along with the test results from the scaleup and verification runs that were used to set the coating parameters.
The phenomenology of hairpulling in a community sample.

Abstract Assessment and treatment of trichotillomania (TTM) has evolved substantially over the past decade. However, standardized assessment and empirically supported treatment for TTM is still in early stages of development. We proposed that information important to the ongoing evolution of assessment and treatment could be obtained through the study of hairpulling across its range of severity. Hairpulling phenomenology was assessed in a large community sample across its range of presentation. Although the estimated prevalence rate of .6% for TTM is congruent with past studies, the 1.2% prevalence estimated for clinically significant hairpulling suggests that the current diagnostic criteria are overly restrictive. Overall, hairpulling occurred at a rate of 6.5%, while age of onset was 15.92 years. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and history of teasing were positively associated with hairpulling, while self-esteem was negatively related to hairpulling. Cognitions most commonly associated with hairpulling were “feels coarse” (53.3%), “doesn’t feel right” (30.0%), “is curly” (26.7%), and “doesn’t look right” (23.3%). Environments most commonly associated with hairpulling included “while reading” (38.9%), “while watching television” (37.0%), and “in class” (35.25). Applications of findings to assessment and intervention formulation are suggested, and limitations and future directions are discussed.
Brain of a Fossil Mammal

IN NATURE (vol. xvii. p. 222) is an account of some remarkable characters of the brain of Coryphodon, as determined by Prof. Cope, and recently published in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. xvi. It may interest some of the readers of NATURE to know that the subject had been previously investigated by the writer, who published a description and figures of the brain cast of Coryphodon in the American Journal of Science, vol. xi. p. 427, May, 1876, more than a year before the article above quoted appeared. Prof. Cope made no reference to my paper, although perfectly familiar with it. His figures moreover do not represent, even approximately, the brain of Coryphodon, owing to serious errors in his observations, which were based upon an imperfect specimen, as I have shown elsewhere (American Journal of Science, vol. xiv. p. 83). One of the most glaring of these errors is seen in the supposed olfactory lobes which, as figured, include no small part of the nasal cavities, and naturally add a very remarkable feature to this brain cast. The specimens from which my figures and description were taken are in excellent preservation, and are in the Yale College Museum, where they have been examined by Prof. Huxley and many other anatomists.
Opioid prescribing patterns for non-malignant chronic pain for rural versus non-rural US adults: a population-based study using 2010 NAMCS data

Non-malignant chronic pain (NMCP) is one of the most common reasons for primary care visits. Pain management health care disparities have been documented in relation to patient gender, race, and socioeconomic status. Although not studied in relation to chronic pain management, studies have found that living in a rural community in the US is associated with health care disparities. Rurality as a social determinant of health may influence opioid prescribing. We examined rural and non-rural differences in opioid prescribing patterns for NMCP management, hypothesizing that distinct from education, income, racial or gender differences, rural residency is a significant and independent factor in opioid prescribing patterns. 2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) data were examined using bivariate and multivariate techniques. NAMCS data were collected using a multi-stage sampling strategy. For the multivariate analysis performed the SPSS complex samples algorithm for logistic regression was used. In 2010 an estimated 9,325,603 US adults (weighted from a sample of 2745) seen in primary care clinics had a diagnosis of NMCP; 36.4% were prescribed an opioid. For US adults with a NMCP diagnosis bivariate analysis revealed rural residents had higher odds of having an opioid prescription than similar non-rural adults (OR = 1.515, 95% CI 1.513-1.518). Complex samples logistic regression analysis confirmed the importance of rurality and yielded that US adults with NMCP who were prescribed an opioid had higher odds of: being non-Caucasian (AOR =2.459, 95% CI 1.194-5.066), and living in a rural area (AOR =2.935, 95% CI 1.416-6.083). Our results clearly indicated that rurality is an important factor in opioid prescribing patterns that cannot be ignored and bears further investigation. Further research on the growing concern about the over-prescribing of opioids in the US should now include rurality as a variable in data generation and analysis. Future research should also attempt to document the ecological, sociological and political factors impacting opioid prescribing and care in rural communities. Prescribers and health care policy makers need to critically evaluate the implications of our findings and their relationship to patient needs, best practices in a rural setting, and the overall consequences of increased opioid prescribing on rural communities.
Mechanisms of transcriptional precision in animal development

We review recently identified mechanisms of transcriptional control that ensure reliable and reproducible patterns of gene expression in natural populations of developing embryos, despite inherent fluctuations in gene regulatory processes, variations in genetic backgrounds and exposure to diverse environmental conditions. These mechanisms are not responsible for switching genes on and off. Instead, they control the fine-tuning of gene expression and ensure regulatory precision. Several such mechanisms are discussed, including redundant binding sites within transcriptional enhancers, shadow enhancers, and ‘poised’ enhancers and promoters, as well as the role of ‘redundant’ gene interactions within regulatory networks. We propose that such regulatory mechanisms provide population fitness and ‘fine-tune’ the spatial and temporal control of gene expression.
The study of clinical judgment: Some clarifications

Abstract Accurate descriptions of the clinical judgment literature are important as a basis for planning the next generation of clinical judgment research. In this paper, we clarify our position with respect to these issues and offer an additional discussion of how our tetrahedral framework may be useful for designing future studies of clinical judgment.
Open Access Economics Journals and the Market for Reproducible Economic Research

Most economics journals take no substantive measures to ensure that the results they publish are replicable. To make the data and code available so that published results can be checked requires an archive. Top economics journals have been adopting mandatory data+code archives in the past few years. The movement toward mandatory data+code archives has yet to reach the open access journals. This is paradoxical; given their emphasis on making articles readily available, one would think that open access journals also would want to make data and code readily available. Open access economics journals should adopt mandatory data+code archives en masse. Doing so will give them a competitive advantage with respect to traditional economics journals.
Use of hair analysis for evaluating mercury intoxication of the human body: A review

Relationships have been established between the concentrations of mercury in human scalp hair and environmental or dietary mercury exposures. For chronic exposures, the hair/blood ratio for mercury is in the range 200:1–300:1, and scalp hair mercury concentrations of >5 ppm are indicative of mercury intoxication. These observations, coupled with the ease by which samples may be collected, transported and stored, support the use of hair analysis for evaluating mercury intoxication of the human body.
Novel fully screen printed flexible electrochemical sensor for the investigation of electron transfer between thiol functionalized viologen and gold clusters

Abstract A novel electrochemical sensor was fabricated for the investigation of the effect of electron transfer between glutathione (GS) protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a new C 4 -thiol functionalized viologen axle molecule (V 2+ -SH) on pseudorotaxane formation. The sensor was fully screen printed with silver (Ag) ink on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. Square wave voltammetry (SQWV) based response of the sensor toward V 2+ -SH in the presence of Au 25 or 4 nm-Au demonstrated one-electron transfer processes, based on 59 mV changes in peak potentials to more negative values. The response demonstrated the capability of the novel electrochemical sensor to be used for studying complex systems in volumes as small as 5–10 μL, with less sample preparation time.
Three-dimensional anterior segment imaging in patients with type 1 Boston Keratoprosthesis with switchable full depth range swept source optical coherence tomography

A high-speed (100 kHz A-scans/s) complex conjugate resolved 1 μm swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system using coherence revival of the light source is suitable for dense three-dimensional (3-D) imaging of the anterior segment. The short acquisition time helps to minimize the influence of motion artifacts. The extended depth range of the SS-OCT system allows topographic analysis of clinically relevant images of the entire depth of the anterior segment of the eye. Patients with the type 1 Boston Keratoprosthesis (KPro) require evaluation of the full anterior segment depth. Current commercially available OCT systems are not suitable for this application due to limited acquisition speed, resolution, and axial imaging range. Moreover, most commonly used research grade and some clinical OCT systems implement a commercially available SS (Axsun) that offers only 3.7 mm imaging range (in air) in its standard configuration. We describe implementation of a common swept laser with built-in k-clock to allow phase stable imaging in both low range and high range, 3.7 and 11.5 mm in air, respectively, without the need to build an external MZI k-clock. As a result, 3-D morphology of the KPro position with respect to the surrounding tissue could be investigated in vivo both at high resolution and with large depth range to achieve noninvasive and precise evaluation of success of the surgical procedure.
A Case of Unexplained Episodic Loss of Consciousness

T patient was a 49-year-old man with no significant past medical history, normal body mass index, and normal oral/ nasal airway anatomy, who presented with a 4-month history of episodic loss of consciousness while working as a cemetery caretaker. The patient lost consciousness while using a riding lawnmower at the cemetery during his morning landscaping duties; this caused him to lean forward in his seat. The riding lawnmower would then hit a headstone, and the jarring impact caused him to “come to.” He experienced these episodes approximately 10 to 20 times a month. The patient denied associated jerking, posturing, or staring with these episodes. Prior to our evaluation, the patient was evaluated by an internist and found to have normal serum metabolite levels, complete blood count, and electrocardiogram. The patient had two daily jobs. He worked as a cemetery caretaker from 06:00 to 14:30. His second job was as a bank janitor from 17:30 to 20:30. He returned home by 21:30 and went to bed at 22:30. Before going to bed, the patient watched television or used his personal computer to go onto the internet. Once in bed, his ability to get to sleep was often disrupted by noisy neighbors. This environmental disturbance made it difficult to get into stable sleep most nights. A typical week’s sleep log is shown in Fig. 1. He denied witnessed snoring or apneas, leg jerking or cramping, lower extremity dysesthesias, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations. The patient reported excessive daytime sleepiness and would fall asleep while sitting quietly or watching television. The patient drank approximately six 12-ounce cans of caffeinated soda per day, but none after 18:00. He took a refreshing 20-minute nap during his lunch break. On the weekends, he attempted to catch up on his sleep by sleeping later and taking naps during the day.
End-To-End Solution for Integrated Workload and Data Management using GlideinWMS and Globus Online

Grid computing has enabled scientific communities to effectively share computing resources distributed over many independent sites. Several such communities, or Virtual Organizations (VO), in the Open Science Grid and the European Grid Infrastructure use the GlideinWMS system to run complex application work-flows. GlideinWMS is a pilot-based workload management system (WMS) that creates an on-demand, dynamically-sized overlay Condor batch system on Grid resources. While the WMS addresses the management of compute resources, however, data management in the Grid is still the responsibility of the VO. In general, large VOs have resources to develop complex custom solutions, while small VOs would rather push this responsibility to the infrastructure. The latter requires a tight integration of the WMS and the data management layers, an approach still not common in modern Grids. In this paper we describe a solution developed to address this shortcoming in the context of Center for Enabling Distributed Peta-scale Science (CEDPS) by integrating GlideinWMS with Globus Online (GO). Globus Online is a fast, reliable file transfer service that makes it easy for any user to move data. The solution eliminates the need for the users to provide custom data transfer solutions in the application by making this functionality part of the GlideinWMS infrastructure. To achieve this, GlideinWMS uses the file transfer plug-in architecture of Condor. The paper describes the system architecture and how this solution can be extended to support data transfer services other than Globus Online when used with Condor or GlideinWMS.
MANTLE: a program to calculate A 30 kbar norm assemblage

Abstract MANTLE is a FORTRAN IV code to calculate mineral assemblages which would be expected at a pressure of 30 kbars from a bulk composition given in nine oxide components. The program also calculates the theoretical STP bulk density of the assemblages, and has been used for modeling mantles of the terrestrial planets. With some improvements it may prove useful in modeling the upper mantle of the earth.
The Effect of EDTA on the Preferential Intestinal Absorption of Zinc than Manganese in Turkey Poults

Abstract The addition of EDTA to purified diets containing no supplementary Zn improves the availability of the Zn already present in the ingredients. EDTA also improves the utilization of supplementary Zn (Kratzer and Starcher, 1963). This is attributed to the chelating properties of EDTA which increase the absorption of Zn through the intestinal tract (Kratzer et al., 1959; Suso and Edwards, 1968). However, 65 Zn and EDTA–14 C are not absorbed at the same rate in chickens from a 65 Zn-EDTA-14 C complex (Koike et al., 1964; Darwish and Kratzer, 1965). In contrast to 65 Zn, the intestinal absorption of 54 Mn was not increased significantly by EDTA in chickens (Suso and Edwards, 1968). As Zn and Mn are always present together in the feeds, the effect of EDTA on the simultaneous absorption of 65 Zn and 54 Mn has been investigated in turkey poults raised to an age of about 28 days on 4 purified diets containing…
Annual Reports to Shareholders: Historical Collections in Libraries

The purpose of this article is to describe the scope and depth of the historic corporate annual report collections in twelve academic/research libraries in North America. For many decades, a few major academic business libraries have been collecting and preserving corporate Annual Reports (ARS), the reports sent to shareholders documenting the financial status and future plans of the company. Today these historic collections provide more than a record of the companies’ finances; they provide a glimpse into the social and cultural thoughts from the past and the corporate stories of individual companies. Digitization of these reports has only just begun; so, except for fewer than 900 companies (most of which have been on the Fortune 500 list), the companies included in these historic annual report collections are not available electronically. The combined collection of the twelve libraries includes reports from nearly 38,000 different companies. Stanford, Harvard, and Western Ontario have the largest collections. Harvard and Columbia have collections with significant historic depth, while Purdue has a collection with important late–twentieth-century holdings. The overlap of the collections is much smaller than was anticipated. The two largest collections, Stanford with over 18,000 companies and Harvard with over 11,000 companies, have only 3,668 companies in common. The overlap of companies between the largest five collections is only thirty-three companies. This research identifies these collections as unique and therefore valuable to the study of specific company histories and the industrial development in North America. Librarians need to preserve these collections and work toward digitizing them.
Phase I/II Study of HSP90 Inhibitor AUY922 and Erlotinib for EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer With Acquired Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Purpose AUY922 is an HSP90 inhibitor that causes degradation of HSP chaperones and their client proteins, including epidermal growth factor receptor. We conducted a phase I/II trial to evaluate AUY922 and erlotinib for patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer and disease progression during erlotinib treatment. Patients and Methods All patients had developed acquired resistance after treatment with erlotinib and underwent repeat tumor biopsies before study entry to assess for EGFR T790M. In phase I, 18 patients were treated with AUY922 intravenously once per week and erlotinib once per day in 28-day cycles using a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design. In phase II, 19 additional patients were treated at the maximum-tolerated dose. The primary end point of the phase II trial was complete plus partial response rate. Results In phase I (n = 18), three patients were treated in each cohort, except the highest-dose cohort (AUY922 70 mg and erlotinib 150 mg), which expanded to six patients because of a dose-limiting toxicity...
Comparison of two optical techniques for label-free detection of biomolecular microarrays on solids

I compare two techniques for label-free detection of biomolecular reactions on solid supports in microarray format. I show that the oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (OI-RD), when operated near the Brewster angle, is as sensitivity as the surface plasmon resonance technique. The OI-RD technique is more versatile and promises higher throughputs.
Thermal design to meet stringent temperature gradient/stability requirements of SWIFT BAT detectors

The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) is an instrument on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) SWIFT spacecraft. It is designed to detect gamma ray burst over a broad region of the sky and quickly align the telescopes on the spacecraft to the gamma ray source. The thermal requirements for the BAT detector arrays are very stringent. The maximum allowable temperature gradient of the 256 cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors is 1/spl deg/C. Also, the maximum allowable rate of temperature change of the ASICs of the 256 detector modules (DMs) is 1/spl deg/C on any time scale. The total power dissipation of the DMs and block command and data handling (BCDH) is 180 W. This paper presents a thermal design that uses constant conductance heat pipes (CCHPs) to minimize the temperature gradient of the DMs, and loop heat pipes (LHPs) to transport the waste heat to the radiator. The LHPs vary the effective thermal conductance from the DMs to the radiator to minimize heater power to meet the heater power budget, and to improve the temperature stability. The DMs are cold biased, and active heater control is used to meet the temperature gradient and stability requirements.
Analysis of clustered matched-pair data

Evaluation of the performance of a new diagnostic procedure with respect to a standard procedure arises frequently in practice. The response of interest, often in a dichotomous form, is measured twice, once with each procedure. The two procedures are administered to either two matched individuals, or when practical, to the same individual. A large sample test for matched-pair data is the McNemar test. The main assumption of this test is independent paired responses; however, when more than one outcome from an individual is measured by each procedure, the data are clustered. Examples of such cases can be seen in dental and ophthalmology studies. Variance adjustment methods for the analysis of clustered matched-pair data have been proposed; however, because of unequal cluster sizes, variability of correlation structures within a cluster (within paired responses in a cluster as well as between paired responses in a cluster), and unequal success probabilities among the clusters, the performances of some available methods are not consistent. This research proposes a simple adjustment to the McNemar test for the analysis of clustered matched-pair data. Method of moments is used to calculate a consistent variance estimator. Using Monte Carlo simulation, the size and power of the proposed test are compared to those of two currently available methods. To illustrate practical application, clustered matched-pair data from two clinical studies are analysed.
Nonlinear Kelvin–Helmholtz instability of a finite vortex layer

The nonlinear growth of periodic disturbances on a finite vortex layer is examined. Under the assumption of constant vorticity, the evolution of the layer may be analysed by following the contour of the vortex region. A numerical procedure is introduced which leads to higher-order accuracy than previous methods with negligible increase in computational effort. The response of the vortex layer is studied as a function of layer thickness and the amplitude and form of the initial disturbance. For small initial disturbances, all unstable layers form a large rotating vortex core of nearly elliptical shape. The growth rate of the disturbances is strongly affected by the layer thickness; however, the final amplitude of the disturbance is relatively insensitive to the thickness and reaches a maximum value of approximately 20% of the wavelength. In the fully developed layers, the amplitude shows a small oscillation owing to the rotation of the vortex core. For finite-amplitude initial disturbances, the evolution of the layer is a function of the initial amplitude. For thin layers with thickness less than 3% of the wavelength, three different patterns were observed in the vortex-core region: a compact elliptic core, an elongated S -shaped core and a bifurcation into two orbiting cores. For thicker layers, stationary elliptic cores may develop if the thickness exceeds 15% of the wavelength. The spacing and eccentricity of these cores is in good agreement with previously discovered steady-state solutions. The growth rate of interfacial area (or length of the vortex contour) is calculated and is found to approach a constant value in well-developed vortex layers.
Governing (through) the Internet: The discourse on pathological computer use as mobilized knowledge

This article examines how definitions of `healthy' and `unhealthy', `appropriate' and `inappropriate' computer use are produced and mobilized by and through very specific American cultural ideals and interests. Following Foucault (1978) and Rose (1990, 1998), this article explores how the discourse on pathological computer use functions as a normalizing discourse — and as an apparatus of governance — by mapping correlations `between fields of knowledge, types of normativity, and forms of subjectivity' in a particular context (Rose, 1998: 11). The article describes the historical management of computer fear and addiction, and the formation of the `computerphobe' and `computer addict' as products of a specific historical milieu. For example, the convergence of American (sub)cultures such as the drug counterculture, cyberpunk technoculture, and the `culture of addiction' functioned as the conditions of possibility for the cultural intelligibility of `computer addiction'. At the same time, the article illustr...
Origins and significance of ergot alkaloid diversity in fungi

Ergot alkaloids are a diverse family of indole-derived mycotoxins that collectively have activities against a variety of organisms including bacteria, nematodes, insects, and mammals. Different fungi accumulate different, often characteristic, profiles of ergot alkaloids rather than a single pathway end product. These ergot alkaloid profiles result from inefficiency in the pathway leading to accumulation of certain intermediates or diversion of intermediates into shunts along the pathway. The inefficiency generating these ergot alkaloid profiles may have been selected for as a means of accumulating a diversity of ergot alkaloids, potentially contributing in different ways to benefit the producing fungus.
Wizard of Oz studies in HRI: a systematic review and new reporting guidelines

Many researchers use Wizard of Oz (WoZ) as an experimental technique, but there are methodological concerns over its use, and no comprehensive criteria on how to best employ it. We systematically review 54 WoZ experiments published in the primary HRI publication venues from 2001 -- 2011. Using criteria proposed by Fraser and Gilbert (1991), Green et al. (2004), Steinfeld et al. (2009), and Kelley (1984), we analyzed how researchers conducted HRI WoZ experiments. Researchers mainly used WoZ for verbal (72.2%) and non-verbal (48.1%) processing. Most constrained wizard production (90.7%), but few constrained wizard recognition (11%). Few reported measuring wizard error (3.7%), and few reported pre-experiment wizard training (5.4%). Few reported using WoZ in an iterative manner (24.1%). Based on these results we propose new reporting guidelines to aid future research.
A Unified Model of Phrasal and Sentential Evidence for Information Extraction

Information Extraction (IE) systems that extract role fillers for events typically look at the local context surrounding a phrase when deciding whether to extract it. Often, however, role fillers occur in clauses that are not directly linked to an event word. We present a new model for event extraction that jointly considers both the local context around a phrase along with the wider sentential context in a probabilistic framework. Our approach uses a sentential event recognizer and a plausible role-filler recognizer that is conditioned on event sentences. We evaluate our system on two IE data sets and show that our model performs well in comparison to existing IE systems that rely on local phrasal context.
Women's interest in treatment to stay abstinent from cigarettes postpartum.

Purpose Most women who quit smoking during pregnancy resume smoking in the postpartum period. Interventions to improve rates of sustained tobacco abstinence postpartum may need to address psychosocial factors during the postpartum period. However, given the multiple demands on mothers of young children, it is unclear whether women will find postpartum relapse prevention treatment acceptable. We sought to determine the acceptability of a postpartum smoking relapse prevention intervention and the appeal of strategies to address concerns about mood, stress, and weight to prevent postpartum relapse. Methods Women (n = 36) who had quit smoking during pregnancy and either remained abstinent or relapsed within the first year postpartum completed a survey about postpartum relapse prevention program modalities, topics, and barriers to treatment. The responses of women who had and had not relapsed to smoking were compared. Main Findings Both groups endorsed the opportunity to talk with a counselor about relapse prevention, and those who had and had not relapsed did not differ in their endorsement of different treatment modalities. Discussing mood, stress, and weight concerns were endorsed by both groups of women, but those who had relapsed were more likely to endorse stress management as an intervention topic. Those who had relapsed also were more likely to endorse the use of pharmacologic aids than were those who had remained abstinent. Conclusions These data suggest that postpartum women would find a smoking relapse prevention program that includes group and individual counseling and the use of strategies to address mood, stress, and weight concerns acceptable.
94 GHz transistor amplification using an HEMT

Transistor amplification at 94 GHz has been demonstrated for the first time. A single-stage amplifier employing a high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) exhibits a small-signal gain of 3.6 dB and an output power of 3.4 mW with 2 dB gain.