cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exact finite difference schemes for the non-linear unidirectional wave equation

Attention is given to the construction of exact finite difference schemes for the nonlinear unidirectional wave equation that describes the nonlinear propagation of a wave motion in the positive x-direction. The schemes constructed for these equations are compared with those obtained by using the usual procedures of numerical analysis. It is noted that the order of the exact finite difference models is equal to the order of the differential equation.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection overcomes previous fertilization failure with conventional in vitro fertilization

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in patients with previous idiopathic fertilization failure (≤20% fertilization rate) after conventional IVF. Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: IVF program at a university medical center. Patient(s): Twenty-five patients who underwent 38 ICSI cycles after experiencing unexplained fertilization failure with conventional IVF (group A) and 87 patients who underwent 118 ICSI cycles for male factor indications during the same period (group B). Intervention(s): Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was performed in a subsequent cycle after fertilization failure with conventional IVF. Main Outcome Measure(s): Outcomes of IVF were compared between groups A and B. Result(s): Fertilization was achieved with ICSI in all patients with previous fertilization failure. The mean (±SD) fertilization rate (68% ± 21% vs. 64% ± 22%), implantation rate per embryo (22.6% vs. 20%), and delivery rate per cycle (47.3% vs. 49.1%) did not differ significantly between groups A and B. Overall, 72% of patients with previous unexplained fertilization failure had a successful pregnancy after ICSI. Conclusion(s): Intracytoplasmic sperm injection can overcome unexplained fertilization failure caused by a potentially occult gamete abnormality, with the same fertilization, implantation, and pregnancy rates as are seen in patients with abnormal sperm parameters.
Sea-Level Slopes and Volume Fluxes Produced by Atmospheric Forcing in Estuaries: Chesapeake Bay Case Study

Abstract Time series at eight locations in Chesapeake Bay and the adjacent inner shelf were used to determine the relative influence of the wind and barometric pressure effects on subtidal sea-level variability and slopes in the estuary. Special emphasis was placed on the lower Chesapeake Bay, where inverse barometric effects accounted for up to 32% of the subtidal sea-level variations, and wind forcing accounted for more than 67% of the variance. The wind frequency from any given direction varied from one station to another due to the nonsynoptic characteristics of atmospheric pressure in Chesapeake Bay. In the northern bay, northwesterly winds were most frequent in winter, and southerly winds were most frequent in summer. In the southern bay, northeasterly winds were most frequent in fall and winter, and southwesterly winds dominated in the summer. These winds produced sea-level responses as follows: northeasterly winds caused water to pile up in the southwestern corner of the bay, whereas southwesterly...
Admissible Run-Contingency Type Tests for Independence and Markov Dependence

Abstract Admissible statistical tests of fixed level are derived for the hypotheses (a) of statistical independence and (b) of Markov dependence, against the alternative of a higher-order Markov dependence. The tests, which are related to the run test and to contingency tests, are conditional procedures given a complete sufficient statistic. Comparisons are made with chi-squared tests for independence using computer simulation.
Theoretical Investigation of the Neutral/Zwitterionic Equilibrium of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Conformers in Aqueous Solution

Since γ-aminobutyric acid does not form a stable zwitterionic species in the gas phase, as calculated at the HF/6-311++G** level, the GABA·2H2O system was optimized for several neutral and zwitterionic GABA tautomers/conformers. The obtained molecular geometries and vibrational frequencies determined for the dihydrates reflect structural changes for GABA due to close and strongly bound water molecules. By use of GABA geometries optimized in the dihydrates, relative free energies of different species in aqueous solution were calculated. MP2/6-311++G**//HF/6-311++G** energy values show that the neutral form is strongly preferred over the zwitterionic one for the isolated GABA species. The neutral tautomer, which is most stable in the gas phase, is only marginally changed by hydration; it is without an intramolecular hydrogen bond and has nearly gauche−gauche arrangements, 54 and −83°, for the NCCC and the CCCC torsion angles, respectively, as determined in the dihydrate. In aqueous solution the zwitterionic...
Engineering Crystalline Architecture with Supramolecular Tapes: Studies on Secondary Donor−Acceptor Interactions in Cocrystals of the Cyclic Dipeptide of Glycine

In this study, we examine the noncovalent interactions that occur between the cyclic dipeptide of glycine (GLYDKP) and a carboxylic acid guest. This study complements our earlier studies on the cyclic dipeptide of aspartic acid by exploring further the possibility of using hydrogen-bonded tapes comprised of molecules of GLYDKP, as a scaffold with which to control the location of guest molecules in a crystalline lattice. On the basis of the 11 cocrystals of GLYDKP reported herein, we conclude that guest molecules will be positioned between tapes of GLYDKP if the guest molecules meet the following criteria. First, the width of the guest molecule should be between 4.5 and 8.5 A. Second, interactions between adjacent guest molecules should be stronger than a van der Waals contact. Third, a hydrogen-bond donor (hydroxyl group) and a hydrogen-bond acceptor (carbonyl group) should be present in the structure of the guest with their separation no greater than two bonds between the carbon atom of the carbonyl grou...
Vitamin A absorption in celiac disease

Summary Patients with celiac disease are unable to absorb vitamin A normally and when given a large amount of vitamin A by mouth do not show an increase in the blood vitamin A equal to that of a group of children with other diseases. This inability of the patient with celiac disease to absorb vitamin Ais usually associated with a flat sugar tolerance curve, increased per cent of fat in stools, and low carotenoid pigments in the blood. This inability to absorb vitamin A normally, although characteristic ofceliac disease, does occur in other diseases and is, therefore, not pathognomonic of celiac disease.
Occult spinal dysraphism and Pacinian hamartomas.

Cases The authors report two patients with occult spinal dysraphism who, following histological analysis, were found to harbor associated Pacinian hamartomas. One patient’s hamartoma was found in conjunction with their lipomyelomeningocele and the other was combined with a presacral myxopapillary ependymoma associated with a fatty filum terminale.
Cell surface charge and initial attachment characteristics of rough strains of Listeria monocytogenes

Mention of trade name, proprietary product or specific equipment is necessary to report factually on available data: however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. The relative negative surface charge and hydrophobicity of four bacterial strains were evaluated by gravity flow and spin column methods. There was no significant difference between the two methods, indicating that spin column chromatography is an acceptable alternative method of determining cell surface charge or hydrophobicity. Six strains of Listeria monocytogenes which exhibited rough colony appearance were evaluated for surface charge and hydrophobicity and their ability to contaminate beef muscle tissue. With one exception, all of the rough strains exhibited greater net negative surface charge and reduced ability to contaminate beef during the initial stages of attachment. Since greater net negative cell surface charge has been positively correlated to attachment to beef tissue surfaces, the reduction in attachment exhibited by the rough strains was interpreted as an indication that attachment to beef tissue cannot be solely explained by cell surface charge.
Colors in Liquid Crystals

Liquid crystals have a phase in between liquid and solid: the molecules can flow and drip but remain somewhat organized. The cholesteric liquid crystals prepared in this Activity use mixtures of molecules related to cholesterol that align in layers. Stacks of layers are rotated with respect to one another similar to DNA, spiral staircases, or screw threads. The rotation between layers increases with temperature. A color will be reflected when the pitch, the distance between layers that have the same orientation, is approximately equal to the colors wavelength of light. This change in pitch causes the color changes we see when we apply pressure to or heat or cool cholesteric liquid crystals. This Activity is suitable for exploring relationships between color, wavelength, reflection, and transmission and illustrates how temperature changes the liquid crystal's Bragg reflection wavelength. This Activity can also be used to explore the relationship between melting point and crystal packing. Because one compon...
Serotonin synthesis and release in brain slices: independence of tryptophan.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of substrate availability in the regulation of the release and synthesis of serotonin by brain slices. Electrical field depolarization of the brain slices stimulated the synthesis and release of serotonin in the absence of changes in intracellular tryptophan concentration, in the absence of tryptophan in the incubation bath, and in the absence of changes in total tryptophan uptake. Furthermore, electrical stimulation decreased the apparent Km for tryptophan required for synthesis of serotonin by the slices. Several conclusions were drawn. (1) Rates of serotonin release and synthesis in brain slices may increase independently of the tissue tryptophan concentration or tryptophan uptake. (2) There is little difference in the synthetic rate of serotonin in tissues exposed to pargyline or not at all. (3) Blockade of monoamine oxidase by pargyline appears to give estimates of the synthetic rates of serotonin which are comparable to estimates derived from [3H]-tryptophan incorporation. (4) Newly synthesized serotonin is preferentially released. (5) Only in tissue pretreated with pargyline do increasing concentrations of tryptophan increase the releasable pool of 5-HT. (6) Electrical depolarization may allosterically activate tryptophan hydroxylase; an effect which may be mimicked by homogenization of the tissue.
Communication of sexual risk behavior among late adolescents

The characteristics of communication about sexual risk behaviors between adolescent sexual partners were investigated in interviews with 14 sexually active females and 18 males attending a public university in southeastern US. Mean age at first intercourse was 17 years; respondents had had an average of 3 sexual partners. A review of the interview transcripts led to development of a model of the communication process. Building trust in ones partner emerged as the core variable for both males and females. A prerequisite for building trust was being involved in a caring relationship. Women built trust by indirectly gathering information about potential sexual partners while men tended to rely on their instincts about their partners appearance and demeanor. Once trust was established both men and women were more likely to talk about sexual risk issues. Although males were willing to engage in safe sex talk if their female partner raised the topic they rarely initiated such discussions. Alcohol use previous sexual experience knowledge about reproduction and contraception conversations with friends and the media were intervening conditions for safe sex conversations. Some participants believed that discussing safer sex practices indicated a lack of trust. Moreover many participants demonstrated trust in their partners by engaging in high-risk sexual practices. This model can serve as a guide for developing strategies for promoting more effective communication about sexuality in late adolescence. For example the finding that women tend to initiate discussions of safer sex practices suggests a need to empower women with the skills needed to negotiate risk-reduction behaviors.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Rubella Screening Strategies using Electronic Medical Records

Objective The redundancy of routine laboratory tests in medicine has become increasingly more apparent in the age of electronic medical records (EMRs). The purpose of this study was to determine whether targeted screening strategies are more cost-effective than the current standard of universal screening of pregnant women for immunity to rubella. Study Design A decision analysis model was used to evaluate three strategies: universal screening, screening if a previous titer was not available, and use of an “alert” in the EMR to prompt screening. Cost, probability, and utility values were derived from the literature and institutional data from Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital. One-way sensitivity analyses were performed on all cost and probability values. Results The strategy of an EMR alert was most cost-effective, with a cost of $0.27 per quality-adjusted life years (QALY). The model was robust to all costs and probability values over their respective ranges. Conclusions Although all strategies were cost-effective compared with traditional industry benchmarks of $50,000/QALY, the EMR alert strategy is most cost-effective. Implementing an EMR alert may lead to a more cost-effective approach to prenatal evaluation of rubella immunity.
Passing of the Torch

While president of the American Heart Association during 1998–1999, one of the projects that I enjoyed the most was the writing of occasional columns for Circulation on National Institutes of Health funding of research, the AHA’s new strategic plan, and other subjects of interest to cardiologists and other health professionals and scientists involved in cardiovascular research and medicine. For this column, which is being published after I step down as AHA president, I am delighted to introduce Circulation readers to my successor: Lynn Smaha, MD, PhD, an active AHA volunteer for 21 years and recipient of the organization’s Award of Meritorious Achievement. Dr Smaha, who became AHA president on Sunday, June 27, 1999, is a practicing clinical cardiologist at the Guthrie Clinic …
Inositol trisphosphate independent increase of intracellular free calcium and amylase secretion in pancreatic acini.

Abstract It is generally believed that the activation of various cell surface receptors results in the phospholipase C-catalyzed production of inositol trisphosphate which, in turn, increases the intracellular concentration of free Ca 2+ by stimulating its release from non-mitochondrial sources. We have investigated both the production of inositol trisphosphate and changes in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in rat pancreatic acini in response to caerulein and CCK-JMV-180, two analogs of cholecystokinin. Both of these analogs cause comparable increases in the rate of amylase secretion and in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration but their effects on inositol phosphate generation are dramatically different; caerulein stimulates significant production of inositol phosphates within 1 min of its addition, whereas no detectable levels of inositol phosphates were generated within the same time after addition of CCK-JMV-180. These results suggest that the CCK-JMV-180 stimulated release of intracellular Ca 2+ is not mediated by inositol trisphosphate but some other as yet unidentified messenger.
Correlation of sequence and tertiary structure in globular proteins.

The x-ray crystal structures of 19 selected proteins are examined empirically for correlations between the amino acid sequence and long-range, tertiary conformation. There is clear evidence for preferential associations of certain types of amino acids, particularly among the hydrophobic aliphatic, aromatic, and cysteine residues. However, the likelihoods of forming these residue-pair contacts are all less than 12%, so packing and geometric requirements must often take precedent over energetic considerations. The prediction of long-range contacts is not substantially improved by taking into account the sequentially previous residues. The analysis of atom–atom contacts shows a similar lack of predictive ability, but the results show that a good approximation to the interresidue energy function must include different types of interactions at two or three different sites on some amino acids. Backbone–backbone long-range interactions are relatively rare and nonspecific, whereas some “polar” side chains form hydrogen bonds from the polar groups while occasionally forming hydrophobic contacts with the remainder of the chain.
Effect of a Change in Mode of Presentation on Recall in Serial Learning

The study of the effect of altered stimulating conditions on recall is important in psychological research. A number of studies in this general area have been concerned mainly with (a) variations in the context of the material (Weiss & Margolius, 1954; Peterson & Peterson, 1957) and (b) variations in the external environment (Abernathy, 1940; Fink & Patron, 1953). These investigators found for the most part that changes in context or in the external environment were detrimental to recall. Reed ( 1931 ) varied the sensory mode of presentation in the recall situation and found that this change reduced recall efficiency in paired-associate learning. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that change in the sensory mode of presentation during recall would reduce efficiency of recall in serial learning as measured by the relearning method. Relearning was defined as the number of trials necessary for an individual to relearn a list of words to the same criterion. The experiment differed from Reed's in the following important respects: (a) the method of serial anticipation learning was used rather than the paired-associate method; (b) aural presentation was "purely aural" rather than mixed aural-visual as was Reed's; and (c) equated liscs were used in this study. METHOD Sabjects.-Thirteen male and 19 female undergraduates from introductory classes in psychology were Ss. Lists.-Three lists of common three-letter words were used as learning materials. Three-letter words were used instead of nonsense syllables because they seemed more suitable in terms of time spent in learning, ease of scoring, and ease of aural presentation. Each S was given three lists: a practice list containing seven words and a signal and two learning liscs, List A and List B, consisting of 11 words and a signal. All words occurred at least once per million words according to the Thorndike-Lorge word list ( 1944). The lists were constructed according to the criteria for nonsense syllable lists (Hilgard, 1952). Use of Lists A and B in several unpublished studies had yielded no significant differences in terms of the numbers of trials to learn or to relearn for both aural and visual modes of presentation. Apparatus.-The apparatus included a standard memory drum and a tape
Research on New Energy Integration Capacity in Power Grid

Due to their high inter-temporal variation and intermittence, large-scale integration of the new energies, such as wind power and photovoltaic power, will pose great challenges to the safe and stable operation of power system. Analysis on gird stability and adaptability before integrating the new energy should be made. The paper investigates all kinds of restrictions and assesses each constrained capacity from the perspective of steady-state and transient voltage, frequency stability, cross-section transmission limit and peak load regulating capacity, respectively. Then the comprehensive evaluation on the capability to accommodate new energy for a power grid is accomplished. Take a practical grid for example, its accommodation capacity for new energy is calculated based on the above-mentioned method, which provides a theoretical basis for the grid to accommodate new energy and planning and construction of new energy.
The current status of course offerings in pricing in the business curriculum

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine the availability of pricing courses in AACSB‐accredited undergraduate programs, determine what curricular trends are happening in the area of pricing, ascertain the status of price in the curriculum, and discuss the future direction for pricing in the curriculum.Design/methodology/approach – The population examined consisted of institutions with undergraduate programs accredited in business by the AACSB. At the time the study was conducted, the AACSB's list of accredited schools numbered 443. The data for the study were obtained from the online versions of each school's catalog which could be accessed. The sample consisted of 363 (81.9 percent) of the accredited schools. The marketing offerings of each qualifying school were examined to determine the existence of a course devoted specifically to pricing or including pricing as a significant component.Findings – The paper finds that a only 33 schools (9.1 percent) list a course in their online catalog tha...
Knowledge-Based Analysis Of Millimeter Wave Polarization And Range Data

The fusion of multisensor data from LADAR, MMW, FLIR, and SAR sensors by a knowledge-based system is used in automatic target recognition and remote monitoring applications. Each sensor offers unique scene attribute and contextual information. Thus, problems of image registration as well as the effects of terrain and environmental variability upon each sensor complicate the analysis process. In this paper, the use of multipolarization and range data from MMW images to enhances the sensor fusion phase by exploiting the multiband feature of the sensor is explored. The multiband data provided by MMW sensors is unique and provides a sufficient basis for analysis as an independent problem. As specialized hardware implementations of knowledge systems become available, the ability to exploit polarization and range data in a subsystem that is independent of the fusion process presents a unique approach that increases the overall performance of the fusion process.
Correlates of associative frequency

Summary This study investigates correlates of associative probabilities. When responses to different stimuli were pooled, the frequency of various grammatical classes was found to correspond more closely to their frequency in single-word utterances than to their frequency in continuous discourse. This relationship held for lexical-word stimuli but not for function-word stimuli. For most stimulus words, the best predictor of associative frequency was the frequency with which the response could replace the stimulus in the same linguistic frames or contexts. This was true of all classes of words, including function words or connectives. The only exceptions were verbs and gerunds. Common associative responses were most likely to be paradigmatic or substitution-responses when the variety of contexts in which the stimulus word is used was great. For many words, contextual frequency was also a predictor of associative frequency, more often for the following context than for the predcting context. This asymmetry of contextual association appears to be a consequence of English syntactical structure rather than inherent in associative processes. Associations drawn from the preceding context appeared principally when the stimulus was a noun or adjective and could be preceded by words in those classes.
Lysosomal enzyme activities in fresh and frozen chorionic villi and in cultured trophoblasts.

Abstract Fifteen lysosomal enzyme activities were compared in 14 presumed normal chorionic villus specimens that were each divided, processed and analyzed as fresh tissue, tissue frozen for 1 week, and cultures established from minced whole villi. Most of the activities determined in the chorionic villus tissue were not affected significantly by freezing. However, activities for most enzymes were signfiicantly different from those determined in the cultured cells. Our experience with first trimester prenatal evaluations for several lysosomal disorders showed that the limited amount of tissue obtained is not always sufficient for thorough analysis and thus, cultured trophoblasts derived from the tissue specimen should also be examined. The results of this study stress the importance of using appropriate tissue-type and cell-type controls to establish the normal range in the respective analyses.
Racial/ethnic differences in spiritual well-being among cancer survivors

This study examined racial/ethnic differences in spiritual well-being (SWB) among survivors of cancer. We hypothesized higher levels of Peace and Faith, but not Meaning, among Black and Hispanic survivors compared to White survivors, differences that would be reduced but remain significant after controlling for sociodemographic and medical factors. Hypotheses were tested with data from the American Cancer Society’s Study of Cancer Survivors-II. The FACIT-Sp subscale scores, Meaning, Peace, and Faith assessed SWB, and the SF-36 Physical Component Summary measured functional status. In general, bivariate models supported our initial hypotheses. After adjustment for sociodemographic and medical factors, however, Blacks had higher scores on both Meaning and Peace compared to Hispanics and Whites, and Hispanics’ scores on Peace were higher than Whites’ scores. In contrast, sociodemographic and medical factors had weak associations with Faith scores. The pattern with Faith in bivariate models persisted in the fully adjusted models. Racial/ethnic differences in Meaning and in Peace, important dimensions of SWB, were even stronger after controlling for sociodemographic and medical factors. However, racial/ethnic differences in Faith appeared to remain stable. Further research is needed to determine if racial/ethnic differences in SWB are related to variations in quality of life in survivors of cancer.
SU‐FF‐T‐195: An Independent Program for MU Check of Modulated Scanning Beam for IMPT

Purpose: We have developed an empirical algorithm to calculate patient specific monitor unit (MU) for intensity modulated scanning proton beam (IMPT). Method and Materials: The algorithm is based on a well‐established formula for proton output calculation. It adds additional data for a broad range of SSD, depth, and off‐axis. All beam data are generated using GEANT4 Monte‐Carlo (MC) simulation. Pristine percentage depth doses (PDD) for several ranges and off‐axis ratio (OAR) at several depths of the pencil proton beam are used. This algorithm adopts the concept of proton head‐scatter factor, Hp(r,f), to characterize the proton fluence variation with lateral distances (r) and source‐to‐detector distance (f). Results: Input beam data for the empirical program, PDD and OAR are examined for the proton energies and ranges suitable for the modulated scanning proton beam. OAR is the dose measured in water at depth d and r is the lateral distance of the pencil‐beam. Hp is the energy fluence for the same conditions. The program can import DICOMRT plans from the IMPT treatment planning system. Modulated scanning beam generated SOBP depth dose curves for widths between 9 and 12 cm are evaluated. IMPT plans for clinical sites (e.g., prostate) are evaluated. Conclusion: This algorithm is ideally suitable for calculating patient‐specific MU for pencil‐beam based treatment planning system for protons.
Treatment of First Ladies in American Government and Presidency Textbooks: Overlooked, yet Influential, Voices

first lady was well aware of her husband's performance during the press conference and was well versed in the intricacies of public speaking and the importance of public image. More than that, she was obviously ready to give advice and criticism. The transcript illustrates powerfully the truth of the argument that first ladies are the most important advisers to presidents (Anthony 1990, 1991; Caroli 1987; Mayo 1993; Watson 1997, 1999). While each first lady has interpreted and carried out her duties differently, there is ample evidence that modern first ladies
Modernization of Switch-House Design

THERE are many types and characters of switch houses on a power system, and their importance varies through wide limits. Many features which are of great importance and value in one type of installation cannot be justified in others. Probably the most important switching center is that of a generating station located near the center of a load area. In such a station continuity of service is of maximum importance. A complete shutdown of such a plant affects a great number of power users of all classes and the damage can be very great physically, commercially, and politically. This paper will be confined to a discussion of the means which have been used, or are available, to improve the reliability of this type of station.
Politics, Conflict and Kinship in Early Eleventh-Century Mercia

(2000). Politics, Conflict and Kinship in Early Eleventh-Century Mercia. Midland History: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 28-42.
Current and Evolving Uses of Optical Coherence Tomography in the Genitourinary Tract

Optical coherence tomography is an emerging imaging modality that provides high-resolution, real-time, cross-sectional visualization of urologic tissue with promising results. Early studies have demonstrated detailed, accurate histologic information of tissues sampled. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has also been applied in evaluating malignancy of the bladder, prostate, and kidney. In the bladder, it can assist in the identification, biopsy, and intraoperative resection of lesions suspicious for bladder cancer. Intraoperative use of OCT during radical prostatectomy can improve visualization of the neurovascular bundle and surgical margins. Several small, ex vivo studies have also shown promising results in the ability of OCT to demonstrate histopathologic alterations to renal morphology such as in renal ischemia and malignancy. In men with non-obstructive azoospermia, OCT has also been used in improving sperm retrieval rates by assisting in the identification of tubules with isolated foci of spermatogenesis. Common limitations of OCT include limited depth of penetration and limited number of current clinical studies.
A Model for Objective Simulation of Boundary-Layer Winds in an Area of Complex Terrain

Abstract An objective analysis model is formulated to simulate the boundary-layer wind field in an area of complex terrain on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. The model is designed to reproduce the effects of the terrain on the undisturbed trade wind flow in the area of interest. Mathematical algorithms representing surface roughness effects, cross-valley flow separation, ridge amplification, wind direction shear and, where applicable, the mass consistency principle are incorporated in the model.
A New Approach for Solving the Three-Dimensional Steady Euler Equations. I. General Theory

The present iterative procedure combines the Clebsch potentials and the Munk-Prim (1947) substitution principle with an extension of a semidirect Cauchy-Riemann solver to three dimensions, in order to solve steady, inviscid three-dimensional rotational flow problems in either subsonic or incompressible flow regimes. This solution procedure can be used, upon discretization, to obtain inviscid subsonic flow solutions in a 180-deg turning channel. In addition to accurately predicting the behavior of weak secondary flows, the algorithm can generate solutions for strong secondary flows and will yield acceptable flow solutions after only 10-20 outer loop iterations.
B cell liaison confounds HIV-1 evolution.

B cells expressing potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 have been found in many infected individuals, suggesting that adaptive immunity has the capacity to defeat viral escape. Gao et al. uncover an intermediate stage in this process when viral escape from one "helper" B cell lineage selects variants that drive a separate B cell lineage toward broad neutralization.
Correlation-Function Approach to the Transport Coefficients near the Critical Point. I

A general theory is presented for the transport coefficients exhibiting anomalous peaks near the critical point, employing correlation-function expressions for transport coefficients. Recognizing that the anomaly should arise from the anomalous increase in the fluctuations of certain macroscopic variables, we attempt an expansion of the flux entering the correlation-function expression in powers of the macroscopic variables, which then are supposed to obey the macroscopic equations of motion. A general formula for the anomalous part of the transport coefficient is given, restricting ourselves to the quadratic terms in this expansion. The general theory is illustrated for the shear viscosity of critical mixtures, choosing local concentration and local temperature as macroscopic variables. The anomaly is attributed to the cooperation of the two effects: (1) anomalous increase in certain large-scale fluctuations of macroscopic variables contained in the flux, and (2) the anomalous increase in the lifetimes associated with these fluctuations. If we ignore the local temperature fluctuations, Fixman's result of the anomalous viscosity is obtained. Generalizing these results, the large frequency and wave-vector dependence which is expected for the anomalous transport coefficients near the critical point is studied explicitly for the shear viscosity. The thermal conductivity of the critical mixture is also examined, and is found to have no anomaly in the same approximation, in agreement with the existing experiments. In an appendix, a more rigorous and systematic treatment of the general theory is given with the help of Mori's general theory of Brownian motion for macroscopic variables, and we indicate a possibility of obtaining a self-consistent set of equations for general nonlocal transport coefficients.
Marx, Engels, and the relativity of morals

1. It is often claimed that Marx and Engels are moral relativists.l Engels does say that on the materialist approach "the demand for final solutions and eternal truths ceases once for all".2 Marx speaks of the marriage between brother and sister as being moral in the primitive gens.3 Still, both Marx and Engels seem to speak quite differently on other occasions. For example, Marx speaks of man becoming'fully human' and Engels speaks of the progress of man, society, and morality4 statements which would seem to imply a universal, if not an absolute, standard. Hence, others claim that Marx and Engels are not moral relativists.5 Current discussion, then, seems to present us with a rather unsavory choice between seemingly contradictory statements of Marx and Engels. Now it would be surprising (and I do not claim) that Marx and Engels did not, at times, say things which were conflicting and inconsistent not only with each other's pronouncements but also with their own. After all, the period over which they wrote extensively was approximately fifty years each, their own views modified and developed in various respects during this period, they wrote in a variety of formats technical treatises, personal and official letters, manifestos, newspaper articles, polemical tracts and they were not, it has been argued, wholly opposed to stating their views in light of expected tactical and political advantages which they might acquire.6 Thus, it would seem unreasonable at the outset to expect that one might harmonize all their claims and arguments. It is, then, through this maze of difficulties that one must seek to determine what may plausibly be said to be Marx' and Engels' view on relativism or at least the view to which in all clarity they appear to be committed. That it is reasonable to believe a coherent position on ethical relativism can be constructed out of their most central, most fundamental views is, accordingly, one thesis this paper seeks to establish. As opposed to Nietzsche and others, Marx and Engels were at pains to emphasize the 'scientific' character of their endeavors; they sought a comprehensive and systematic understanding of man. Thus, to point out, to eliminate, those
Induction of autorosette-forming cells from human peripheral lymphocytes by several T-cell mitogens.

Abstract It is known that both spontaneous and Con A-induced autologous erythrocyte rosette-forming cells (ARFC) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) are thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells). A characteristic role for the ARFC in immune responses has been suggested. We studied mitogen-induced ARFC in human PBL, and the following results were obtained: (i) ARFC were inducible by T-cell mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA) and allogeneic non-T cells in addition to concanavalin A (Con A); (ii) the elimination studies of the T cells or their subsets by using monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, or OKT8) confirmed that the ARFC are T cells; in addition, PHA recruited the ARFC from the OKT4-reactive T-cell subset, whereas Con A recruited the ARFC from the T-cell subsets reactive to either OKT4 or OKT8; (iii) Con A-induced ARFC are highly activated T cells, since lymphocyte proliferative responses were significantly higher in the ARFC-enriched fraction than those in the ARFC-depleted fraction; suppressor T-cell activity, however, was not significantly different between these two fractions; and (iv) several metabolic inhibitors including radiation, mitomycin C (MMC), and puromycin were employed before or during Con A stimulation, and only the puromycin could inhibit the induction of ARFC. Thymosin (fraction 5) had no effect on the induction of ARFC by Con A stimulation, although ARFC previously induced by Con A were sensitive to thymosin (fraction 5). These results suggest that the receptor to autologous erythrocytes may be enhanced or reexpressed by protein synthesis on those T cells which are highly sensitive to mitogen stimulation. The process is parallel to that of cell proliferation, although DNA synthesis is not essential for the induction of ARFC.
Routing-aware multiple description video coding over wireless ad-hoc networks using multiple paths

Supporting video transmission over error-prone wireless ad-hoc networks is becoming increasingly important as these networks become more widely deployed. In this paper, we propose a routing-aware multiple description video coding approach to support video transmission over wireless ad-hoc networks with path diversity. Our method uses the standard ad-hoc routing messages to estimate the possible packet losses in the networks and dynamically selects reference frames in order to alleviate error propagation caused by packet losses. We conducted experiments using the QualNet simulator that accounts for node mobility, channel properties, MAC operation, multipath routing, and traffic type. The results demonstrate that our proposed method provides up to 2.3 dB gains in PSNR and significantly improves the perceptual video quality for multiple users.
To Appear Other to Itself Anew: Response Data:

September 2006 Dear Victoria: Sometimes a book writes us. While Chris and I wrote Troubling the Angels (Lather & Smithies, 1997) with a great degree of intentionality, we also made it up as we went along, often driven by very pragmatic circumstances. And some of it worked below the surface of our efforts to do our knowing from our doing. In excess of subjects presumed to know about objects presumed to be knowable, we were “out ahead of ourselves” in the format. For this, I have greedily attended to reader response to learn what comes about when readers are positioned as thinkers and writers know they are in over their heads. Here we are enriched by the Deleuzean “fold” of what Elizabeth St. Pierre (1997) calls “response data” where “the audience teaches you something,” perhaps particularly that “we need other people to help us think.” Hence I/we especially appreciate you as one of the more “astute” readers of the place of the angels in the book and the pages they take up and whether their presence is justified or even ethical. The angels as bad (girl) behavior is just one of the best readings ever for how the angels are (mis)read in ways that bring their work in the book “to containment within the personal.” That you situate this reductionist reading of the angels within Beauvoir’s understanding of what happens to women’s dissident thinking is on target, I think, and contributes to understanding a sort of rationality that is embodied and perspectival, quite other to “a hidden isomorphism with our cultural structuration of masculinity” that so shapes dominant rationalities (Hass, 2002, p. 71). Here where there is only room for a very complicated truth, an entirely different logic is called for, a logic grounded in not knowing as a way of moving into a nonauthoritarian sort of (im)possible future. Things that Chris and I were aware of but that you express so well:
Cytoskeleton: Cirque du Septins

Septins and F-actin are familiar cohabitants of the cleavage furrow yet how they might be functionally connected has been ambiguous. New work shows that septins can promote the assembly of curved bundles of F-actin, providing an unexpected molecular function for septins in cytokinesis.
Plume dynamics, thermal energy and long-distance transport of vulcanian eruption clouds from Augustine Volcano, Alaska

Abstract Augustine, an island volcano in Lower Cook Inlet, southern Alaska, erupted in January, 1976, after 12 years of dormancy. By April, when the eruptions ended, a new lava dome had been extruded into the summit crater and about 0.1 km3 of pyroclastics had been deposited on the island, mainly as pyroclastic debris avalanches and pumice flows. The ventclearing phase in January was highly explosive and we have been able to document 13 major vulcanian eruptions. The timing, thermal energy, mass loading of fine particles and the horizontal dispersion of these eruption clouds were determined from radar measurements of cloud height, reports of pilots flying in plumes, satellite photography, seismic records and infrasonic detection of air waves. A lower estimate of the mass of fine (r The vulcanian eruption clouds stayed intact for at least 700 km downwind. Satellite images in both visible and infrared wavebands, showing the Gulf of Alaska just after sunrise on January 23, reveal a series of puffs strung out downwind from the volcano, 20–30 km in diameter and with their tops at altitudes of about 8 km, overlying a continuous plume at altitude 4 km. Each puff corresponded to a seismically and infrasonically timed eruption. A substantial portion of the material injected into the atmosphere between January 22 and 25 was rapidly transported by the subpolar jet stream through southwestern Canada and the western United States, then northeast across the States into the Atlantic. The clouds were observed passing over Tucson, Arizona, on January 25 at an elevation of 7 km. Several of the eruptions penetrated into the stratosphere. Sun photometer measurements, taken at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, six weeks after the eruption, showed an increased stratospheric optical thickness of 0.01 (wavelength 0.5 μm), which decayed in about 5 months. The maximum column mass loading of the veil was 4–10 × 10−7 g cm−2. The mass of the veil, spread-ever a fourth of the earth's surface, is 10 to 100 times larger than can be accounted for by assuming that injected ash and converted sulfate particles from the 13 main Augustine eruptions are the only components contributing to the stratospheric turbidity observed at Mauna Loa.
The Federal Government in Public Education: An Appropriate Role

Discusses the Constitutional responsibilities of the US Federal Government for public schools. Citing “control follows funding”, argues that control should remain with the states and school boards. Offers suggestions for reorganizing educational spending and improving educational programmes and school standards. Details important ways for the Federal Government to contribute without taking control.
Novel detection techniques for human pathogens that contaminate poultry

Poultry products are presumed to be a major contributor to human foodborne illness due to their high frequency of contamination with pathogens Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. This has stimulated the development of more sensitive and rapid methods for identifying pathogens present in poultry. These new methods include immunomagnetic separation of pathogen, PCR amplification of pathogen-specific sequences, pathogen-specific DNA and RNA probes, and identification of pathogen-specific ions by mass spectrometry.
Establishing a Community-Based Lung Cancer Multidisciplinary Clinic As Part of a Large Integrated Health Care System: Aurora Health Care

A community cancer clinic, through cooperation with its parent health care system, developed a lung cancer multidisciplinary clinic (MDC) to enhance patient care and prevent out-migration to competing health care systems. The local medical and radiation oncologists collaborated with a thoracic surgeon from the tertiary care hospital in establishing the lung MDC. All the participating physicians are employed by the health care system. A cancer care coordinator assured that all necessary tests were obtained and available to the physicians at least 1 day before the clinic. The multidisciplinary team also included a pulmonologist and met every third week. Other sub-specialists were involved as necessary. Final treatment recommendations using National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines were made for each patient at the MDC visit. This clinic, once established, resulted in significant improvements in the quality of care, patient satisfaction and retention of patients. Time from diagnosis to initiation of treatment was reduced to a mean of 18 days from a mean of 24 days. The community cancer clinic had an increase in lung cancer patient care by 28% and a 9.1% increase in gross revenue. The tertiary care hospital benefited by providing all patients with definitive surgery, including minimally invasive surgery. The tertiary hospital thoracic surgeon had a 75% increase in referrals from the lung MDC geographic area over the previous year. This collaboration in the development of MDCs demonstrates how patients, caregivers, and the health care system benefit from MDCs.
Modeling solution for electric field-activated combustion synthesis

Abstract A computer model of the effect of an electric field on self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reactions is presented. Using the synthesis of SiC as a model, the analysis showed that, in addition to the chemical heat release, the combustion zone also includes heat release from an electric source, a value equivalent to σE2, where σ is the conductivity and E is the field. Using a two-dimensional Fourier heat balance equation and accounting for the field contribution in terms of Joule heating, a set of equations were developed. Solutions of these were made by a finite difference scheme, coupling the nonlinear partial differential equations. The imposition of this electric field results in a highly localized distribution of the current density. The current is primarily located at the reaction front where the temperature is the highest. This is consistent with the fact that the electrical conductivity increases with increasing temperature. From the dependence of the degree of conversion to the product on the applied voltage, it is shown that the velocity of the combustion wave is linearly proportional to the field.