cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the sensitivity of the Personality Assessment Inventory symptom validity tests in detecting response bias in a mixed neuropsychological outpatient sample

AbstractObjective: Few studies have evaluated the symptom validity tests (SVTs) within the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in a neuropsychological assessment context. Accordingly, the present study explored the accuracy of PAI SVTs in identifying exaggerated cognitive dysfunction in a mixed sample of outpatients referred for neuropsychological assessment. Method: Participants who failed two or more Performance Validity Tests (PVTs) were classified as having exaggerated cognitive dysfunction (n = 49). Their responses on PAI SVTs were compared to examinees who did not fail PVTs (n = 257). Results: Multivariate analysis of variance indicated the Negative Impression Management (NIM) scale most strongly discriminated between those with exaggerated cognitive dysfunction from honest responders (Cohen’s d = .58). Nonetheless, its classification accuracy was low (area under the curve [AUC] = .65). A k-means cluster analysis and a subsequent multinomial logistic regression indicated evidence for two distinct...
Error correction methodology for ultra-precision three-axis milling of freeform optics

Abstract Freeform optics facilitate a revolutionary approach to optical design. Ultra-precision diamond machining is an enabling technology for the manufacture of freeform optics. However, optical designs require tight tolerances across spatial wavelengths ranging from micro-roughness to overall form. To manufacture freeform optics to the necessary tolerances, a novel artifact-based error reduction methodology applicable to multi-axis diamond milling was developed. As demonstrated on a test sphere, the methodology reduces dominant error sources on the test sphere surface from 194 to 40 nm RMS. The approach is then successfully applied to an example freeform optical design where comparable error levels are achieved.
Risk of Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism Among Pregnant Women

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a critical complication after surgery. Although pregnancy is a known risk factor of VTE, available data on the risk of postoperative VTE are scarce. Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database between 2006 and 2012, we matched 2,582 pregnant women to 103,640 nonpregnant women based on age, race, body mass index, and modified Rogers score. Pregnant women, compared with matched nonpregnant women, experienced higher incidence of VTE (0.5% vs 0.3%; odds ratio 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.37, p = 0.02). Pregnant women also showed higher risk of pneumonia, ventilator dependence ≥48 hours, bleeding, and sepsis than did the counterparts. In conclusion, pregnancy was associated with higher risk of VTE after surgery as well as other postoperative complications. The absolute risk difference was small, and careful evaluation against the potential risk and benefit should be given when surgical treatment is considered among pregnant women.
Electrospun poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)/poly(caprolactone) fibers for the generation of anisotropic cell sheets

Cell alignment in muscle, nervous tissue, and cartilage is requisite for proper tissue function; however, cell sheeting techniques using the thermosensitive polymer poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAm) can only produce anisotropic cell sheets with delicate and resource-intensive modifications. We hypothesized that electrospinning, a relatively simple and inexpensive technique to generate aligned polymer fibers, could be used to fabricate anisotropic PNIPAAm and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) blended surfaces that both support cell viability and permit cell sheet detachment via PNIPAAm dissolution. Aligned electrospun PNIPAAm/PCL fibers (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100% PNIPAAm) were electrospun and characterized. Fibers ranged in diameter from 1–3 μm, and all fibers had an orientation index greater than 0.65. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the relative content of PNIPAAm and PCL. For advancing water contact angle and mass loss studies, only high PNIPAAm-content fibers (75% and greater) exhibited, temperature-dependent properties like 100% PNIPAAm fibers, whereas 25% and 50% PNIPAAm fibers behaved similarly to PCL-only fibers. 3T3 fibroblasts seeded on all PNIPAAm/PCL fibers had high cell viability and spreading except for the 100% PNIPAAm fibers. Cell sheet detachment by incubation with cold medium was successful only for 90% PNIPAAm fibers, which had a sufficient amount of PCL to allow cell attachment and spreading but not enough to prevent detachment upon PNIPAAm dissolution. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using anisotropic electrospun PNIPAAm/PCL fibers to generate aligned cell sheets that can potentially better recapitulate anisotropic architecture to achieve proper tissue function.
Being Superwoman: Low income mothers surviving problem drinking and intimate partner violence.

We elucidate ways mothers think about behavior change related to heavy drinking and violent relationships. A purposive sample of 32 women, predominantly black and low income, were identified as engaging in both problem drinking on the AUDIT and experiencing severe partner violence on the Conflict Tactic Scale. Narratives from audiotaped Motivational Interviewing sessions conducted in an urban emergency department were transcribed, inductively coded and examined through the lens of feminist standpoint theory. Our analysis suggests motherhood is a powerful motivator for positive change, but multiple barriers combine to prevent self-protection and modification of adverse behaviors among this vulnerable population. Interventions to help low-income mothers dealing with relationship violence and substance abuse should also address the structural violence and substantive barriers these mothers face. Further work should examine the power of personal narratives related to being a good mother on women’s ability to improve life circumstances for themselves and their children.
Whole-Brain Calcium Imaging Reveals an Intrinsic Functional Network in Drosophila.

Summary A long-standing goal of neuroscience has been to understand how computations are implemented across large-scale brain networks. By correlating spontaneous activity during "resting states" [1], studies of intrinsic brain networks in humans have demonstrated a correspondence with task-related activation patterns [2], relationships to behavior [3], and alterations in processes such as aging [4] and brain disorders [5], highlighting the importance of resting-state measurements for understanding brain function. Here, we develop methods to measure intrinsic functional connectivity in Drosophila , a powerful model for the study of neural computation. Recent studies using calcium imaging have measured neural activity at high spatial and temporal resolution in zebrafish, Drosophila larvae, and worms [6–10]. For example, calcium imaging in the zebrafish brain recently revealed correlations between the midbrain and hindbrain, demonstrating the utility of measuring intrinsic functional connections in model organisms [8]. An important component of human connectivity research is the use of brain atlases to compare findings across individuals and studies [11]. An anatomical atlas of the central adult fly brain was recently described [12]; however, combining an atlas with whole-brain calcium imaging has yet to be performed in vivo in adult Drosophila. Here, we measure intrinsic functional connectivity in Drosophila by acquiring calcium signals from the central brain. We develop an alignment procedure to assign functional data to atlas regions and correlate activity between regions to generate brain networks. This work reveals a large-scale architecture for neural communication and provides a framework for using Drosophila to study functional brain networks.
Comparison of two control groups for estimation of oral cholera vaccine effectiveness using a case-control study design.

Background Case-control studies to quantify oral cholera vaccine effectiveness (VE) often rely on neighbors without diarrhea as community controls. Test-negative controls can be easily recruited and may minimize bias due to differential health-seeking behavior and recall. We compared VE estimates derived from community and test-negative controls and conducted bias-indicator analyses to assess potential bias with community controls.
A general method to predict the effect of single amino acid substitutions on enzyme catalytic activity

Over the past thirty years, site-directed mutagenesis has become established as one of the most powerful techniques to probe enzyme reaction mechanisms. Substitutions of active site residues are most likely to yield significant perturbations in kinetic parameters, but there are many examples of profound changes in these values elicited by remote mutations. Ortholog comparisons of extant sequences show that many mutations do not have profound influence on enzyme function. As the number of potential single natural amino acid substitutions that can be introduced in a protein of N amino acids in length by directed mutation is very large (19 * N), it would be useful to have a method to predict which amino acid substitutions are more likely to introduce significant changes in kinetic parameters in order to design meaningful probes into enzyme function. What is especially desirable is the identification of critical residues that do not contact the substrate directly, and may be remote from the active site. We collected literature data reflecting the effects of 2,804 mutations on kinetic properties for 12 enzymes. These data along with characteristic predictors were used in a machine-learning scheme to train a classifier to predict the effect of mutation. Use of this algorithm allows one to predict with a 2.5-fold increase in precision, if a given mutation, made anywhere in the enzyme, will cause a decrease in kcat/Km value of ≥ 95%. The improved precision allows the experimentalist to reduce the number of mutations necessary to probe the enzyme reaction mechanism.
New Directions in Southwestern Zooarchaeology

Zooarchaeology has occupied a peculiar place within the archaeology of the American Southwest. While archaeologists with an interest in animal bone have worked here from the nineteenth century onward, and the presence of taxa such as macaws, domestic dogs, and domestic turkeys as well as taxa more commonly used in subsistence in southwestern zooarchaeological assemblages is of interest to archaeologists outside the Southwest as well as within it, the southwestern record has not figured prominently within the history of North American zooarchaeology. In the hopes of increasing the reach of southwestern zooarchaeology, this special issue presents three papers, each reflecting a potential new direction in southwestern zooarchaeology.
The Motivation of Developmental Regulation

The human lifespan provides an age-based timetable for the regulation of development. Individuals pursue different goals at different ages, and their behavior is restricted by biological and societal structures. Motivational and behavioral models of developmental regulation form the framework for research on the central processes of agency over the lifespan. Developmental regulation is organized along developmental goals; and success or failure depends to a large extent on whether or not an individual’s goal selection is congruent with their developmental opportunities. The motivational theory of development over the lifespan conceptualizes processes of developmental regulation as a sequence of behavioral phases (goal selection, goal striving, and goal realization) with their own respective control strategies. These concepts have been subjected to a large number of empirical studies and continue to represent a promising field of research.
Generalized Set-Valued Mixed Variational Inequalities for Fuzzy Mappings

In this paper, a new class of generalized set-valued mixed variational inequalities for fuzzy mappings is introduced. We prove the existence of solutions of the variational inequality. We also prove the convergence of a new iterative algorithm approximating the solution for this variational inequality.
piCoq: parallel regression proving for large-scale verification projects

Large-scale verification projects using proof assistants typically contain many proofs that must be checked at each new project revision. While proof checking can sometimes be parallelized at the coarse-grained file level to save time, recent changes in some proof assistant in the LCF family, such as Coq, enable fine-grained parallelism at the level of proofs. However, these parallel techniques are not currently integrated with regression proof selection, a technique that checks only the subset of proofs affected by a change. We present techniques that blend the power of parallel proof checking and selection to speed up regression proving in verification projects, suitable for use both on users' own machines and in workflows involving continuous integration services. We implemented the techniques in a tool, piCoq, which supports Coq projects. piCoq can track dependencies between files, definitions, and lemmas and perform parallel checking of only those files or proofs affected by changes between two project revisions. We applied piCoq to perform regression proving over many revisions of several large open source projects and measured the proof checking time. While gains from using proof-level parallelism and file selection can be considerable, our results indicate that proof-level parallelism and proof selection is consistently much faster than both sequential checking from scratch and sequential checking with proof selection. In particular, 4-way parallelization is up to 28.6 times faster than the former, and up to 2.8 times faster than the latter.
History of Magnetism

It was probably the Greeks who first reflected upon the wondrous properties of magnetite, the magnetic iron ore FeO—Fe2O3 and famed lodestone (leading stone, or compass). This mineral, which even in the natural state often has a powerful attraction for iron and steel, was mined in the province of Magnesia.
Biotransformation: Introduction and Historical Perspective

This is an update of Guengerich, F.P., Biotransformation: Introduction and Historical Perspective, Comprehensive Toxicology, Second Edition, edited by Charlene A. McQueen, Elsevier, Oxford, 2010, Volume 4, Pages 1–8.
The perceptions of bicycling intersection safety by four types of bicyclists

Abstract Over the last decade, American cities have shown a growing interest in designing bicycle-friendly intersections. Provisions of bicycle infrastructure at intersections, such as bicycle boxes, bicycle crossing signs and intersection crossing markings, may improve both perceived and actual bicycling safety, thereby encouraging more bicycling. Using survey data collected at the main campus of The Ohio State University, this study compares the influences of intersection design features on the safety perceptions of different bicyclist typologies. We group our respondents into four categories: (i) regular bicyclists, (ii) potential bicyclists, (iii) non-bicyclists who are pro-drive, (iv) non-bicyclists who are pro-public transit and pro-walk. We develop hierarchical ordered logit models for these four types of bicyclists. The model outcomes suggest that the effects of certain bicycle facilities vary across bicyclist typologies. For example, we find that installing two-stage turning boxes may promote the perceived safety levels of regular and potential bicyclists. However, this factor does not significantly affect non-bicyclists’ perceived bicycling safety at intersections. The results can be used by transportation planners to project the changes in different bicyclists’ safety perceptions with respect to changes in intersection features. The results also suggest specific infrastructure investments aimed at targeted groups for promoting bicycling for urban mobility.
Abstract TMP59: Predictors of Readmissions After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Objective: To identify factors associated with readmission after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) using nationally representative data Background: Readmission rate is a common metric linked...
Assessment of Structure from Motion for Reconnaissance Augmentation and Bandwidth Usage Reduction

Modern militaries rely upon remote image sensors for real-time intelligence. A typical remote system consists of an unmanned aerial vehicle, or UAV, with an attached camera. A video stream is sent ...
The Hafnium-Pyridyl Amido-Catalyzed Copolymerization of Ethene and 1-Octene: How Small Amounts of Ethene Impact Catalysis

Copolymerization of ethene and 1-octene is catalyzed by the Hf-pyridyl amido complex used in chain-shuttling polymerization. Active site counts and the molar mass distribution of catalyst-bound polymeryls are determined by chromophore quench-labeling. Catalytic data for copolymerization (1-octene consumption, active site counts, molar mass distributions of polymers, and I2-labeling of Zn-polymeryls) are compared with similar data for the homopolymerization of 1-octene. Such comparisons reveal that small amounts of ethene have a significant impact on catalysis. The rate of 1-octene consumption increases in a copolymerization ∼3-fold compared to a homopolymerization; this likely results from in situ ligand modification. The first insertion of alkene occurs into the Hf–naphthyl bond of the Hf-pyridyl amido catalyst; in copolymerization, competition between ethene and 1-octene for this insertion creates multiple active species. We propose that ethene insertion into the Hf–naphthyl bond leads to a faster polym...
A Bayesian theory of mind approach to nonverbal communication

This paper defines a dual computational framework to nonverbal communication for human-robot interactions. We use a Bayesian Theory of Mind approach to model dyadic storytelling interactions where the storyteller and the listener have distinct roles. The role of storytellers is to influence and infer the attentive state of listeners using speaker cues, and we computationally model this as a POMDP planning problem. The role of listeners is to convey attentiveness by influencing perceptions through listener responses, which we computational model as a DBN with a myopic policy. Through a comparison of state estimators trained on human-human interaction data, we validate our storyteller model by demonstrating how it outperforms current approaches to attention recognition. Then through a human-subjects experiment where children told stories to robots, we demonstrate that a social robot using our listener model more effectively communicates attention compared to alternative approaches based on signaling.
Anthropological Solidarity in Early Marx

This essay outlines a picture of solidarity that can be extracted from early writings by Karl Marx and that fulfills criteria of solidarity by thinkers like Ashley Taylor. Marx’s partially neo-Aristotelian picture of solidarity is shown to differ crucially from the phenomenological account of David Wiggins in the analytic tradition of moral philosophy, and from the account by Andrea Sangiovanni in the liberal tradition of political philosophy. After presenting some of Marx’s arguments that capitalism thwarts the realization of solidarity, the essay concludes with modest practical suggestions for promoting its realization in contemporary open societies.
Children’s play and learning in Brazil: edited by Ilka Dias Bichara and Celina Maria Colino Magalhaes, Cham, Switzerland, Springer, 2018,139 pp., $119.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-3-319-93598-0

For those people interested in what research there is on children’s play in Brazil, there are few resources available in English. Perhaps the most well known research perspective, because of severa...
The impact of 3D printing on manufacturer–retailer supply chains

Abstract In this paper we consider the impact of 3D printing, or additive manufacturing, on a simple supply chain, consisting of a manufacturer and retailer, that serves stochastic customer demand. 3D printing is a relatively new manufacturing technology that is attracting attention from many firms. However, the impact of 3D printing on operations and firm relationships in a supply chain is relatively unexplored in academic research. A unique aspect of 3D printers is that they can be installed at the retailer in a supply chain, a characteristic that we highlight in our paper since it enables the supply chain to be more responsive to demand. Consequently, 3D printers can be adopted by either the manufacturer or, in a more novel situation, the retailer; we analyze the equilibrium of Stackelberg games in both cases. We characterize the economic and competitive conditions where either firm adopts 3D printing, and show that under either scenario, it is possible for both firms to earn more profit than a benchmark system without 3D printing. We identify and quantify the positive benefits associated with 3D printing, for both firms in a simple supply chain, when either firm adopts this new manufacturing technology. In many cases, the scenario where the manufacturer adopts 3D printing and installs 3D printers at the retailer results in the best profit outcomes for the manufacturer. The retailer’s preference, however, depends on problem parameters. Therefore, supply chain managers should carefully consider the possibility of 3D printing products in their supply chain.
When Bad Things Happen to Good Intentions: The Development and Demise of a Task Force Examining the Drugs-Violence Interrelationship

Between 1994-1996, this author was one of twenty-eight members of a Drugs-Violence Task Force ("Task Force") created to report to the United States Sentencing Commission specific findings, conclusions, and recommendations concerning the interrelationship (if any) between drugs and violence. This Essay discusses briefly the Task Force''s goals, development, unreconciled conclusions and recommendations, as well as its ultimate demise. In general, much of the controversy concerning how to approach the drugs-violence problem reflects two conflicting and long-held views of drugs and crime: the criminal justice view, which emphasizes detecting and punishing drug offenders, and the public health view, which advocates treating the drug addiction that leads some individuals to commit crime. Although now it appears that this tension between views may be lessening, the conflict was alive and well during the years preceding the Task Force''s development, and while its members were meeting. Part I of this Essay presents briefly the Task Force''s primary purpose and goals, most particularly, the study of the interrelationship between drugs and violence without presuming the nature, direction, or even existence of any sort of a causal link between the two. Parts II and III examine, respectively, the Task Force''s conclusions and recommendations, which span a very wide range. Part IV concludes that although some bad things happened to the Task Force (its abrupt end and lack of unity), some good things happened too. The production of a rich and comprehensive Final Report could not have been accomplished without such a varied Task Force membership. Future efforts may want to capitalize on group disagreements by producing a report providing majority and minority views so that individuals representing different interests may have their say. Despite the lack of consensus, it became clear that the Task Force''s ideological discord could result in a fresh perspective, thereby offering changes and strategies unmatched by thoroughly unified efforts.
An algorithm for resolving intragranular orientation fields using coupled far-field and near-field high energy X-ray diffraction microscopy

Abstract We present a novel algorithm for reconstructing spatial intragranular lattice orientation fields using both far-field and near-field high energy X-ray diffraction microscopy (HEDM) measurements. An established far-field indexing algorithm is modified to include lattice orientation distribution information (grain orientation envelopes) in addition to average grain orientations. The near-field data reduction algorithm utilizes this enriched far-field orientation data as a seed for reconstructing intragranular spatial maps of lattice orientation from the diffraction images. The primary benefit of the new algorithm is a significant decrease in the number of trial calculations that must be performed in the reconstruction process compared to existing methodologies while maintaining scalability. The resulting gains in efficiency facilitate the use of relatively modest computational resources and improve throughput at the point of measurement. We provide two example applications: volumetric orientation field reconstructions for a Ti-Al alloy both before and after the application of 3% uniaxial strain. The results showcase the efficiency of the new method and the ability to resolve subtle changes in microstructure, which are associated with incipient plastic deformation.
Virtual Spine: A Novel, International Teleconferencing Program Developed to Increase the Accessibility of Spine Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background The coronavirus identified in 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic effectively ended all major spine educational conferences in the first half of 2020. In response, the authors formed a “virtual” case-based conference series directed at delivering spine education to health care providers around the world. We herein share the technical logistics, early participant feedback, and future direction of this initiative. Methods The Virtual Global Spine Conference (VGSC) was created in April 2020 by a multiinstitutional team of spinal neurosurgeons and a neuroradiologist. Biweekly virtual meetings were established wherein invited national and international spine care providers would deliver case-based presentations on spine and spine surgery−related conditions via teleconferencing. Promotion was coordinated through social media platforms such as Twitter. Results VGSC recruited more than 1000 surgeons, trainees, and other specialists, with 50–100 new registrants per week thereafter. An early survey to the participants, with 168 responders, indicated that 92% viewed the content as highly valuable to their practice and 94% would continue participating post COVID-19. Participants from the United States (29%), Middle East (16%), and Europe (12%) comprised the majority of the audience. Approximately 52% were neurosurgeons, 18% orthopedic surgeons, and 6% neuroradiologists. A majority of participants were physicians (55%) and residents/fellows (21%). Conclusions The early success of the VGSC reflects a strong interest in spine education despite the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing guidelines. There is widespread opinion, backed by our own survey results, that many clinicians and trainees want to see “virtual” education continue post COVID-19.
Physicochemical Mixing State of Sea Spray Aerosols: Morphologies Exhibit Size Dependence

Sea spray aerosols (SSA) play an important role in radiative forcing by directly scattering solar radiation and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation or ice nuclei. These climate-relevant aero...
Mutant KRAS Downregulates the Receptor for Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) to Enhance a Signature of Glycolysis in Pancreatic Cancer and Lung Cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by aberrant activity of oncogenic KRAS, which is mutated in 90% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Because KRAS itself is a challenging therapeutic target, we focused on understanding key signaling pathways driven by KRAS as a way to reveal dependencies that are amenable to therapeutic intervention. Analyses in primary human pancreatic cancers and model systems revealed that the receptor for the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is downregulated by mutant KRAS. Furthermore, downregulation of the LIF receptor (LIFR) is necessary for KRAS-mediated neoplastic transformation. We found LIFR exerts inhibitory effects on KRAS-mediated transformation by inhibiting expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1, a key mediator of the enhanced glycolysis found in KRAS-driven malignancies. Decreased LIFR expression leads to increased GLUT1 as well as increases in glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. The repression of GLUT1 by LIFR is mediated by the transcription factor STAT3, indicating a tumor-suppressive role for STAT3 within cancer cells with mutated KRAS. Finally, reflecting a clinically important tumor-suppressive role of LIFR, decreased LIFR expression correlates with shorter survival in pancreatic cancer patients with mutated KRAS. Similar findings were found in non–small cell lung cancers driven by mutated KRAS, suggesting that silencing LIFR is a generalized mechanism of KRAS-mediated cellular transformation. These results indicate that the LIFR/STAT3 pathway may mediate either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive signaling pathways depending on the genetic background of tumor cells, and may play diverse roles within other cells in the tumor microenvironment. Implications: Mutant KRAS drives downregulation of the receptor for LIF, thereby allowing an increase in expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1 and increases in glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration.
Role of Ectosomes in the Design of the Myelinated Axon: Structural Findings

The evolution of vertebrates required an energy efficient mechanism of fast nerve conduction. Two events: formation of a myelin sheath ­– an insulator ­– and a segmented mode of covering the axon by myelin fulfilled this need. This arrangement, coordinated by oligodendrocytes and neurons, generates saltatory nerve conduction, but the mechanism is indeterminate. Disruption of this structure impairs nervous system function. We performed a developmental study of embryonic avian optic nerve, using transmission electron microscopy and 3D-electron tomography. We present structural evidence – in vivo – of three sequential events that set a platform for oligodendrocyte/neuron communication. First, they embrace, thereby positioning their plasma membranes face to face; second, they create a shared compartment for interchanging information; third, they release and exchange ectosomes to, we posit, transduce signals for structuring the myelinated axon. These data identity the earliest developments following oligodendrocyte/neuron encounter, set the stage to identifying their cross-talk and searching for the aetiology of nervous system diseases.
Interplay of CT Coronary Plaque Characteristics and Ischemia to Predict Adverse Outcomes

In 134 patients with stable coronary artery disease, high-risk plaque features at CT and physiologic stenosis were found to act in a synergistic fashion to predict adverse outcomes.
Pediatric Resident Perspectives on the Impact of COVID-19 on Training.

Objectives At the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, disruptions to pediatric care and training were immediate and significant. We sought to understand the impact of the pandemic on residency training from the perspective of pediatric residents. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of categorical pediatric residents at US training programs at the end of the 2019-2020 academic year. This voluntary survey included questions that explored the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on resident training experiences, postresidency employment plans, and attitudes and perceptions. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and mixed-effects regression models. We performed a sensitivity analysis using respondents from programs with a >40% response rate for questions regarding resident attitudes and perceptions. Results Residents from 127 of 201 training programs (63.2%) completed the survey, with a response rate of 18.9% (1141 of 6032). Respondents reported multiple changes to their training experience including rotation schedule adjustments, clinic cancellations, and an increase in the use of telemedicine. Respondents also reported inconsistent access to personal protective equipment and increased involvement in the care of adult patients. Graduating resident respondents reported concerns related to employment. Respondents also noted a negative impact on their personal wellness. Conclusions Responding residents reported that nearly every aspect of their training was impacted by the pandemic. Describing their experiences may help residency program and hospital leaders supplement missed educational experiences, better support residents through the remaining months of the pandemic, and better prepare for extraordinary circumstances in the future.
The Energy Multiplier Module: Advancing the Nuclear Fuel Cycle through Technology Innovations

To achieve long-term energy security in an environmentally acceptable manner, fission technology needs to make further advances in the areas of lower financial risk, better resource utilization, an...
The environmental unconscious in the fiction of Don DeLillo

DeLillo, postmodernism, and the nature of nature -- How real the landscape truly was : reading Americana as a pastoral critique -- The names : discovering the deeper textures -- White noise : a level of experience to which we will gradually adjust -- Taking meaning out into the streets : the significance of place in Underworld.
A Hand Posture Measurement System for Evaluating Manual Tool Tasks

A measurement system of describing the loads in the hand during manual tool tasks is presented. The system consists of a network of force sensitive resistors and an angle transducer glove (CybergloveTM, Virtual Technologies). Eighteen different cylindrical grip tasks for six subjects were studied using the developed measurement system. Fourteen flexion and abduction angles and the ten force data from ten locations of the hand was measured for the sixteen tool tasks. The results showed that the flexion angle for the five fingers decreased with increasing grip span. Grip force was mainly controlled by the opposing action of the thumb and the index finger. The contribution of the thumb and index finger force to the total grip force was greater when the grip size was increased. A regression approach to estimate the joint flexion angle based on the hand anthropometry and grip characteristics showed significant results. It was possible to use the data from the measurement system as an input to the calculation o...
15-PGDH Prevents LPS-induced Acute Liver Injury through Activation PPAR-γ

The NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) catalyzes the oxidation of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), converts PGE2 to 15-keto-PGE2 (an endogenous ligand for peroxisome proliferato...
Increasing the Reliability of Fully Automated Surveillance for Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections.

OBJECTIVE To increase reliability of the algorithm used in our fully automated electronic surveillance system by adding rules to better identify bloodstream infections secondary to other hospital-acquired infections. METHODS Intensive care unit (ICU) patients with positive blood cultures were reviewed. Central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) determinations were based on 2 sources: routine surveillance by infection preventionists, and fully automated surveillance. Discrepancies between the 2 sources were evaluated to determine root causes. Secondary infection sites were identified in most discrepant cases. New rules to identify secondary sites were added to the algorithm and applied to this ICU population and a non-ICU population. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and kappa were calculated for the new models. RESULTS Of 643 positive ICU blood cultures reviewed, 68 (10.6%) were identified as central line–associated bloodstream infections by fully automated electronic surveillance, whereas 38 (5.9%) were confirmed by routine surveillance. New rules were tested to identify organisms as central line–associated bloodstream infections if they did not meet one, or a combination of, the following: (I) matching organisms (by genus and species) cultured from any other site; (II) any organisms cultured from sterile site; (III) any organisms cultured from skin/wound; (IV) any organisms cultured from respiratory tract. The best-fit model included new rules I and II when applied to positive blood cultures in an ICU population. However, they didn’t improve performance of the algorithm when applied to positive blood cultures in a non-ICU population. CONCLUSION Electronic surveillance system algorithms may need adjustment for specific populations. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(12):1396–1400
Questions of Agency: Development, Donors, and Women of the South

Asked what development means to her, a peasant woman in rural Kenya had this to say: During the anticolonial campaigns we were told that development would mean better living conditions. Several years have gone by, and all we see are people coming from the capital to write about us. For me, the hoe and the water pot which served my grandmother still remain my source of livelihood. When I work on the land and fetch water from the river, I know I can eat. But this development which you talk about has yet to be seen in this village. - Reported by Achola O. Pala 1981, 214. The term “partnership” has frequently been used by international donor agencies to describe relations with southern women and southern NGOs. 1 In “The Challenge of Partnership,” Beth Woroniuk, Patricia Keays, and Jancie Brown observed that the word “partnership” was inappropriately used by international aid agencies and NGOs to describe relations with recipient organizations that are anything but partnerships. 2 They pointed out that “[m]any organizations use the term ‘partners’ interchangeably with ‘groups we fund,’” without seriously examining the underlying power structure governing the relationship. In a similar but related context, Honor Ford-Smith, a Jamaican activist, explained that the use of “[t]his egalitarian label does not change the reality” on the ground. 3 She described how the development goals of southern women’s groups were sometimes thwarted by the kind of demands donor agencies make on groups whose proposals conflict with their notion of what economically poor women should be doing (1998). On numerous occasions, the Jamaican drama troupe known as Sistren Collective was pressured into taking on standard income-generating projects because donors who operated with Women-in-Development (WID) and Women-and-Development (WAD) frameworks could not grasp the idea of the power of consciousness raising and the income-generating potential of theatrical work. Evidently, as these interventions increased, they subsequently set the Collective on the path to implosion.
Ab Initio Calculation of Spin Gap Behavior in CaV4O9

Second neighbor dominated exchange coupling in CaV 4 O 9 has been obtained from ab initio density functional (DF) calculations. A DF-based self-consistent atomic deformation model reveals that the nearest neighbor coupling is small due to strong cancellation among the various superexchange processes. Exact diagonalization of the predicted Heisenberg model yields spin-gap behavior in good agreement with experiment. The model is refined by fitting to the experimental susceptibility. The resulting model agrees very well with the experimental susceptibility and triplet dispersion.
A Study on Job Satisfaction among Campus Recreation Administrators at Four-Year Public and Private Institutions

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate aspects of the job that influence job satisfaction among campus recreation administrators. Job satisfaction was measured by the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) which consisted of nine subscale measures that relate to employee job satisfaction and strongly examines perceptual and attitudinal variables (Spector, 1997). Participants, consisting of 104 campus recreation administrators, were affiliated with the National Intramural Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA). According to the data, the degree to which campus recreation administrators are satisfied with their job is significant in two subscales. Results from this research suggest that supervision and nature of work were the two highest ranking measures of job satisfaction among campus recreation administrators at 4-year institutions. The second part of the Job Satisfaction Survey requested demographic information. Results from this research suggest that the demographic information was not significan...
Reliability and security in the CoDeeN content distribution network

With the advent of large-scale, wide-area networking testbeds, researchers can deploy long-running distributed services that interact with other resources on the Web. The CoDeeN Content Distribution Network, deployed on PlanetLab, uses a network of caching Web proxy servers to intelligently distribute and cache requests from a potentially large client population. We have been running this system nearly continuously since June 2003, allowing open access from any client in the world. In that time, it has become the most heavily-used long-running service on PlanetLab, handling over four million accesses per day. In this paper, we discuss the design of our system, focusing on the reliability and security mechanisms that have kept the service in operation. Our reliability mechanisms assess node health, preventing failing nodes from disrupting the operation of the overall system. Our security mechanisms protect nodes from being exploited and from being implicated in malicious activities, problems that commonly plague other open proxies. We believe that future services, especially peer-to-peer systems, will require similar mechanisms as more services are deployed on non-dedicated distributed systems, and as their interaction with existing protocols and systems increases. Our experiences with CoDeeN and our data on its availability should serve as an important starting point for designers of future systems.
Postlogarithmic Phase Metabolism of Sporulating Microorganisms II. THE OCCURRENCE AND PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF AN ARGINASE

Abstract The occurrence of an arginase synthesized by sporulating cells of Bacillus licheniformis is reported. Since cell lysis is negligible and essentially 100% of the cells are sporulating, the production of the enzyme is a function of postlogarithmic cells. A procedure is described for a 30-fold purification of the enzyme. The arginase has a pH optimum of 9.5 to 10.0 and is activated and protected from inactivation by manganous ions, and the Km (l-arginine) for the purified preparation is 2.17 mm.
Stuttering in five generations of a single family: A preliminary report including evidence supporting a sex-modified mode of transmission

Abstract We have ascertained a five generational 1,200-member family residing in the Utah-Idaho area that has a prevalence of a stuttering phenotype at rates several times that of the general population. This family is an ideal resource for further studies into the genetic transmission of the stuttering phenotype because its large size eliminates genetic heterogeneity as a confounding factor. Using data from one branch of this family we can report preliminary evidence supporting the sex-modified trait hypothesis of genetic transmission in stuttering.
Advances in the study of bat flight: the wing and the wind1

Bats are diverse, speciose, and inhabit most of earth’s habitats, aided by powered flapping flight. The many traits that enable flight in these mammals have long attracted popular and research inte...
Despite sequence homologies to gluten, salivary proline-rich proteins do not elicit immune responses central to the pathogenesis of celiac disease

Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory disorder triggered by ingested gluten, causing immune-mediated damage to the small-intestinal mucosa. Gluten proteins are strikingly similar in amino acid composition and sequence to proline-rich proteins (PRPs) in human saliva. On the basis of this feature and their shared destination in the gastrointestinal tract, we hypothesized that salivary PRPs may modulate gluten-mediated immune responses in CD. Parotid salivary secretions were collected from CD patients, refractory CD patients, non-CD patients with functional gastrointestinal complaints, and healthy controls. Structural similarities of PRPs with gluten were probed with anti-gliadin antibodies. Immune responses to PRPs were investigated toward CD patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in a humanized transgenic HLA-DQ2/DQ8 mouse model for CD. Anti-gliadin antibodies weakly cross-reacted with the abundant salivary amylase but not with PRPs. Likewise, the R5 antibody, recognizing potential antigenic gluten epitopes, showed negligible reactivity to salivary proteins from all groups. Inflammatory responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were provoked by gliadins whereas responses to PRPs were similar to control levels, and PRPs did not compete with gliadins in immune stimulation. In vivo, PRP peptides were well tolerated and nonimmunogenic in the transgenic HLA-DQ2/DQ8 mouse model. Collectively, although structurally similar to dietary gluten, salivary PRPs were nonimmunogenic in CD patients and in a transgenic HLA-DQ2/DQ8 mouse model for CD. It is possible that salivary PRPs play a role in tolerance induction to gluten early in life. Deciphering the structural basis for the lack of immunogenicity of salivary PRPs may further our understanding of the toxicity of gluten.
Outrigger placement in tall buildings using topology optimization

Abstract The burgeoning growth of tall buildings around the world requires novel design methodologies to resolve design challenges imposed by the enormous volume of material and energy employed during their construction and operation. To meet this upcoming social demand on tall buildings, practical and efficient design method is proposed for optimal outrigger placement using topology optimization. Outriggers, one of the key structural components in a tall and narrow building, are the horizontal structures which connect the building core (spine) and the exterior surface in order to improve the building’s shear stiffness. In the proposed method, the high-fidelity simulation model of a tall building is constructed with multiple finite element types for the core and the reinforcing truss system. The floor-wise outriggers are parameterized using the Simple Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) and defined as the design variables. The outrigger placement problem is solved using topology optimization. The continuation method is used for material penalization parameter in order to obtain “0–1” design. The versatility of the proposed design methodology is proven using the realistic FEM model of a three-dimensional 201 m tall building.
A Monte Carlo investigation of the accuracy of multivariate CAPM tests

Abstract In a multivariate regression model relating individual returns to the market return, CAPM implies non-linear restrictions on the parameters. Several asymptotically valid tests of these restrictions have been suggested. The existing Monte Carlo evidence shows that some of these tests are unreliable for reasonable sample sizes, but does not indicate well which tests are reliable. This paper reports the results of an extensive Monte Carlo experiment. Shanken's CSR test and Jobson and Korkie's corrected likelihood ratio test are quite accurate in all cases we consider.