cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Minimum nonuniform graph partitioning with unrelated weights

We give a bi-criteria approximation algorithm for the Minimum Nonuniform Graph Partitioning problem, recently introduced by Krauthgamer, Naor, Schwartz and Talwar. In this problem, we are given a graph and numbers . The goal is to partition into disjoint sets (bins) satisfying for all , so as to minimize the number of edges cut by the partition. Our bi-criteria algorithm gives an approximation for the objective function in general graphs and an approximation in graphs excluding a fixed minor. The approximate solution satisfies the relaxed capacity constraints . This algorithm is an improvement upon the -approximation algorithm by Krauthgamer, Naor, Schwartz and Talwar. We extend our results to the case of `unrelated weights' and to the case of `unrelated -dimensional weights'. A preliminary version of this work was presented at the 41st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP 2014). Bibliography: 7 titles.
Pediatric sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis

Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis is a common health problem. Pathophysiology is complicated which leads to different treatment options and approaches. Medical treatment with antibiotics and topical nasal sprays is the first line treatment. Surgical intervention includes adenoidectomy and endoscopic sinus surgery. Endoscopic sinus surgery has proven to be an effective and safe option when everything else fails. In this article, we review the indications, our surgical approach and techniques, and the safety considerations in pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery.
Streamroller: a unified compilation and synthesis system for streaming applications

The growing complexity of applications has increased the need for higher processing power. In the embedded domain, the convergence of audio, video, and networking on a handheld device has prompted the need for low cost, low power, and high performance implementations of these applications in the form of custom hardware. In a more mainstream domain like gaming consoles, the move towards more realism in physics simulations and graphics has forced the industry towards multicore systems. Many of the applications in these domains are streaming in nature. The key challenge is to get efficient implementations of custom hardware from these applications and map these applications efficiently onto multicore architectures. This dissertation presents a unified methodology, referred to as Streamroller, that can be applied for the problem of scheduling stream programs to multicore architectures and to the problem of automatic synthesis of custom hardware for stream applications. Firstly, a method called stream-graph modulo scheduling is presented, which maps stream programs effectively onto a multicore architecture. Many aspects of a real system, like limited memory and explicit DMAs are modeled in the scheduler. The scheduler is evaluated for a set of stream programs on IBM's Cell processor. Secondly, an automated high-level synthesis system for creating custom hardware for stream applications is presented. The template for the custom hardware is a pipeline of accelerators. The synthesis involves designing loop accelerators for individual kernels, instantiating buffers to store data passed between kernels, and linking these building blocks to form a pipeline. A unique aspect of this system is the use of multifunction accelerators, which improves cost by efficiently sharing hardware between multiple kernels. Finally, a method to improve the integer linear program formulations used in the schedulers that exploits symmetry in the solution space is presented. Symmetry-breaking constraints are added to the formulation, and the performance of the solver is evaluated.
The Role of Natural Gas in Electric Power Generation in the Twenty-First Century

Industrial society is energy, capital and information intensive. As a nation makes the transition to an industrial society, the degree of electrification in terms of the electricity share of point-of-use energy consumption increases as does the electric intensity of GDP and the electricity consumption per capita. A substantial number of lesser developed nations are rapidly expanding their economies and consequently their power generation capacities. As these developing economies expand, the environmental consequences of their primary energy choice will have profound effects due to the implicit long term commitment to specific technologies. In the industrialized world we are realizing the extent to which technology choices have extremely large inertia’s. Historically, coal was the low cost energy resource because of the ease of discovery, simplicity of mining and the availability of low cost labor in societies undergoing industrialization. While coal is less expensive than natural gas on an energy basis, the recent emergence of low cost high efficiency gas turbine combined cycle equipment, combined with increased discoveries of modest cost gas worldwide, results in natural gas combined cycle produced electricity being the lowest cost power in many locales, besides being by far the cleanest of the fuel fired alternatives.
Secondary Nucleation and Crystal Growth as Coupled Phenomena

There is reason to consider the mechanisms of growth of crystals of industrial importance and secondary nucleation as coupled. Neither mechanism, as it occurs in a suspension crystallizer, is understood with confidence. Since growth and nucleation occur at the crystal-solution interface concurrently, the coupling hypothesis leads to efficiency in designing experimental studies. This approach has been well demonstrated recently (Tai, McCabe, Rousseau) in a study which included growth rate determinations and contact nucleation behaviour for three systems. The dependence of growth rate upon super saturat ion and of number of nuclei upon supersaturation exhibited the same functional form for each system. Recently growth rates of crystals of magnesium sulphate heptahydrate were determined in the apparatus in which secondary nucleation due to a fluid shear impulse was studied (Sung; Youngquist, Estrin, Jagannathan, Sung). The growth rate was measured just prior to application of the jet of the solution upon the crystal surface under observation. Here we briefly introduce this experimental method for measuring secondary nucleation characteristics and the correlating scheme used in treating the data.
Wirelessly-Powered Dielectric Sensor With On-Chip Antennas in 180 nm SOI CMOS Process

This paper presents a battery-less mm-sized wirelessly-powered dielectric sensor with on-chip antennas in 180nm SOI CMOS process. The dielectric constant detection is achieved by sensing capacitance change of a capacitor in an oscillator, which causes a shift in the oscillation frequency. The chip harvests electromagnetic energy from a continuous-wave source at 9.8 GHz using an on-chip antenna, which shrinks the whole sensor size to millimetre scale. The design details of the wireless power transferring front-end with integration of an on-chip antenna are reported. The oscillator free-running frequency is from 3.66 to 4 GHz which depends on the material on top of the chip. The chip radiates back the signal to an external reader antenna. This frequency division architecture resolves the conventional self-interference issue in radio frequency ID sensors by separating the received and transmitted frequencies. The detection of oil and epoxy is successfully demonstrated.
Text Mining Digital Humanities Projects: Assessing Content Analysis Capabilities of Voyant Tools

Text mining is a method that aids in the analytic process and interpretation of research. Voyant Tools (voyant-tools.org) is an open source text-mining option that is user-friendly and well documen...
Basis of Grantor Trust Assets Before the Grantor's Death

The government’s Priority Guidance Plan includes an item whether §1014 new-basis-at-death should apply when the status of a grantor trust changes at the grantor’s death. The unstated assumption appears to be that assets transferred from a grantor to the grantor’s trust will have a carryover of the grantor’s basis prior to the grantor’s death. This essay addresses that notion, and whether a grantor’s transfer of assets into a grantor trust in what purports to be a sale or exchange transaction (that is, not a gift) causes the trust to instead have a basis equal to fair market value rather than a carryover basis. The shocking reality is that this question is not clearly addressed in the Code or Regulations, nor by jurisprudence, leaving unresolved the proper application of the basis rules and spawning no small amount of abuse or aggressive transactions.
27.2 An Adiabatic Sense and Set Rectifier for Improved Maximum-Power-Point Tracking in Piezoelectric Harvesting with 541% Energy Extraction Gain

Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) convert mechanical energy from vibrations into electrical energy. They have become popular in energy-autonomous IoT systems. However.’ the total energy extracted by a PEH is highly sensitive to matching between the PEH impedance and the energy extraction circuit. Prior solutions include the use of a full-bridge rectifier (FBR) and a so-called synchronous electric-charge extraction (SECE) [1], and are suitable for non-periodic vibrations. However, their extraction efficiency is low since the large internal capacitance $C_{\mathrm {p}}$ (usually 10’s of nF) of the PEH (Fig. 27.2.1) prevents the output voltage from reaching its maximum power point (MPP) under a typical sinusoidal and transient excitation $(V_{\mathrm {M}\mathrm {P}\mathrm {P}}={1/2}\cdot l_{\mathrm {p}}R_{\mathrm {p}})$. A recently proposed technique [2], [3], [4], called bias-flip, achieves a higher extraction efficiency by forcing a predetermined constant voltage at the PEH output, $V_{\mathrm {p}}$, which is then flipped every half-period of the assumed sinusoidal excitation (Fig. 27.2.1, top left). To flip $V_{\mathrm {p}},$ the energy in capacitor $C_{\mathrm {p}}$ is extracted using either a large external inductor [2], [3] or capacitor arrays [4]. It is then restored with the opposite polarity (Fig. 27.2.1, top). However, $V_{\mathrm {M}\mathrm {P}\mathrm {P}}$ of the PEH varies with sinusoidal current /.’ hence, the two fixed values of $V_{\mathrm {p}}$ in the flip-bias technique either over-or underestimate $V_{\mathrm {M}\mathrm {P}\mathrm {P}}$ for much of the oscillation cycle (pattern filled regions in Fig. 27.2.1, top right). In addition, none of the prior approaches compensate for $V_{\mathrm {M}\mathrm {P}\mathrm {P}}$-waveform amplitude changes, due to input intensity variations or decaying oscillations after an impulse, further degrading efficiency.
Dilemmas in Management of the Geriatric Bladder

In this article, we will review current dilemmas regarding evaluation and management of the geriatric bladder incorporating concepts of normal changes of aging as well as common lower urinary tract dysfunction. Increasing age leads to functional changes in essentially all organ systems including the genitourinary system. Understanding the natural changes with age of the bladder as well as the signs and symptoms of pathologic conditions is paramount to diagnosis and treatment of urologic conditions in the geriatric population. There are several conundrums in the diagnosis and evaluation of the geriatric bladder including the ability of the bladder to store, empty, as well as sensitivity disturbances. Diagnostic testing and goals of treatment should be individualized for each patient and personalized to consider patient comorbidities, limitations, and expectations.
Structure and dynamics of lipid membranes interacting with antivirulence end-phosphorylated polyethylene glycol block copolymers

The structure and dynamics of lipid membranes in the presence of extracellular macromolecules are critical for cell membrane functions and many pharmaceutical applications. The pathogen virulence-suppressing end-phosphorylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymer (Pi-ABAPEG) markedly changes the interactions with lipid vesicle membranes and prevents PEG-induced vesicle phase separation in contrast to the unphosphorylated copolymer (ABAPEG). Pi-ABAPEG weakly absorbs on the surface of lipid vesicle membranes and slightly changes the structure of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) unilamellar vesicles at 37 °C, as evidenced by small angle neutron scattering. X-ray reflectivity measurements confirm the weak adsorption of Pi-ABAPEG on DMPC monolayer, resulting in a more compact DMPC monolayer structure. Neutron spin-echo results show that the adsorption of Pi-ABAPEG on DMPC vesicle membranes increases the membrane bending modulus κ.
Abstract TMIM-077: MYXOMA VIRUS ENHANCES TREATMENT BENEFIT OF CHEMOTHERAPY AND DENDRITIC CELL IMMUNOTHERAPY IN OVARIAN CANCER PRECLINICAL MODEL

Myxoma virus (MYXV) is a poxvirus with oncolytic and immunotherapeutic potential in many cancer models, including ovarian cancer (OC). Moreover, MYXV synergizes with chemotherapy including cisplatin for OC treatment. In this study, we used a p53-/- ID8 mouse model that closely portrays human high-grade serous OC to test MYXV virotherapy. We combined MYXV regime with cisplatin treatment and an innovative Th17-inducing dendritic cell (Th17-DC) vaccine currently being tested in clinical trials with OC patients. For DC immunotherapy, bone marrow-derived DC were pulsed with peptides from Sp17, a cancer testis antigen highly expressed in human OC and the ID8 mouse model. For MYXV virotherapy, we examined both wild-type and a replication-defective MYXV that is engineered without an essential viral immunomodulator called M062 (M062R-null MYXV). We found that inoculation with replication-competent MYXV improves survival when administered before cisplatin therapy. Interestingly, when the replication-defective M062R-null MYXV was used, improved survival was observed with virotherapy after the cisplatin treatment. We further found that M062R-null MYXV treatment provided long-lasting survival in combination with cisplatin and Th17-DC immunotherapy. Related studies showed that M062R-null MYXV infection in murine and primary human OC cells stimulated robust type I IFN expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, M062R-null MYXV activates type I IFN in macrophages and expression of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., CXCL-10 and IL-6). In conclusion, we propose that MYXV virotherapy provokes a type I interferon response and inflammatory cytokines that modulate the tumor microenvironment and enhance protective immune responses to Th17-DC vaccination for OC treatment. Citation Format: Steven J Conrad, Bernice Nounamo, Martin Cannon, Jia Liu. MYXOMA VIRUS ENHANCES TREATMENT BENEFIT OF CHEMOTHERAPY AND DENDRITIC CELL IMMUNOTHERAPY IN OVARIAN CANCER PRECLINICAL MODEL [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 13-15, 2018; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2019;25(22 Suppl):Abstract nr TMIM-077.
Office practices that may improve the experience of the cosmetic dermatology patient

Patients presenting for cosmetic dermatology procedures are often interested in lifestyle enhancement rather than treatment of an inflammatory or neoplastic disease or condition. In addition to good clinical outcomes, they may also particularly value the quality of the patient experience in the dermatology office. A list of beneficial practices that may improve patient experience was generated by interviewing staff members from several US practices, including clinic administrators, nurses, nurse managers, medical assistants, physician assistants, patient care coordinators, and dermatologists. Each was asked ten open-ended questions. The list of beneficial practices thereby obtained was ordered based on the number of participants who recommended each practice. Practices were further categorized into four categories: clinician improvement, administrative improvement, clinic improvement, and team improvement. For clinics providing cosmetic dermatology services, certain well-accepted beneficial practices may improve patient experience.
Differences in functional connectivity distribution after transcranial direct-current stimulation: a connectivity density point of view

In this manuscript we consider the problem of relating functional connectivity measurements viewed as statistical distributions to outcomes. We demonstrate the utility of using the distribution of connectivity on a study of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging association with an intervention. Specifically, we consider 47 primary progressive aphasia (PPA) patients with various levels of language abilities. These patients were randomly assigned to two treatment arms, tDCS (transcranial direct-current stimulation and language therapy) vs sham (language therapy only), in a clinical trial. We propose a novel approach to analyze the effect of direct stimulation on functional connectivity.We estimate the density of correlations among the regions of interest (ROIs) and study the difference in the density post-intervention between treatment arms. We discover that it is the tail of the density, rather than the mean or lower order moments of the distribution, that demonstrates a significant impact in the classification. This approach has several benefits. Among them, it drastically reduces the number of multiple comparisons compared to edge-wise analysis. In addition, it allows for the investigation of the impact of functional connectivity on the outcomes where the connectivity is not geometrically localized.
Alit Djajasoebrata, Flowers from Universe: Textiles of Java

This book was originally published more than thirty years ago as Bloemen van het heelal. De kleurrijke wereld van de textiel op Java (Amsterdam: Luitingh-Sijtoff BV, 1984). Although praised at the ...
Stevens-Johnson syndrome associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Hodgkin's lymphoma accounts for approximately 40% of all lymphomas presenting in childhood and can be associated with a variety of dermatologic manifestations. Here, we describe a case of Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Clinicians should be aware of this association, especially if no alterative trigger for Stevens-Johnson syndrome can be identified.
Parental Incarceration and Children’s Living Arrangements in the United States

The purpose of the current study is to examine associations between parental incarceration and children’s living arrangements in the United States. Data from the 2016–2018 National Survey of Children’s Health are utilized in the present study (N = 102,341). Difference-of-means t-tests and multinomial logistic regression were employed to analyze the data. Nearly 3 in 4 children with no history of parental incarceration lived with married parents, yet only 1 in 7 children with lifetime exposure to parental incarceration did. Furthermore, while exclusively non-parent caregiver arrangements were exceedingly rare for children with no lifetime exposure to parental incarceration (~ 2.5%), more than one-quarter of children exposed to parental incarceration were in exclusively non-parent caregiver arrangements. In homes with non-parent caregivers, parental incarceration is associated with a reduced prevalence of stepparent caregivers, yet an increased prevalence of grandparent, foster parent, and aunt/uncle caregivers. Additionally, over 70% of grandparent-caregiver households where children have experienced parental incarceration are skipped-generation households. The findings point to a substantial need to support diverse family structures in the wake of parental incarceration.
Muscle group specific transcriptomic and DNA methylation differences related to developmental patterning in FSHD

Muscle groups throughout the body are specialized in function and are specified during development by position specific gene regulatory networks. In developed tissue, myopathies affect muscle groups differently. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, FSHD, affects upper body and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles earlier and more severely than others such as quadriceps. To investigate an epigenetic basis for susceptibility of certain muscle groups to disease, we perform DNA methylation and RNA sequencing on primary patient derived myoblasts from TA and quadricep for both control and FSHD2 as well as RNA-seq for myoblasts from FSHD1 deltoid, bicep and TA over a time course of differentiation. We find that TA and quadricep retain methylation and expression differences in transcription factors that are key to muscle group specification during embryogenesis. FSHD2 patients have differences in DNA methylation and expression related to SMCHD1 mutations and FGF signaling. Genes induced specifically in FSHD are more highly expressed in commonly affected muscle groups. We find a set of genes that distinguish more susceptible muscle groups including development-associated TFs and genes involved in WNT signaling. Adult muscle groups therefore retain transcriptional and DNA methylation differences associated with development, which may contribute to susceptibility in FSHD.
Picosecond Exciton Phenomena in Chlorophyll Complexes

Chlorophyll-portein complexes are now well established as the building blocks of the light-gathering system in all photosynthetic cells. Complexes containing N=6, 7, 13, and up to the order of 100 chlorophyll molecules have been characterized by many researchers with varying degrees of completeness. Homogeneous samples of these complexes are interesting from the point of view of exciton dynamics because the small value of N compared with 1023 in crystals means that exciton motion can be followed completely (in principle).
Red-cell survival in familial haemolytic anaemias.

WHEN the red-cell haem of familial haemolytic anaemia patients is isotopically tagged, as by the administration of glycine-15N, the curves of subsequent isotope-levels are interpretable in at least two ways1. It is shown here that the one of the interpretations which is most widely accepted is also consistent with the related data on tagging of the excreted stercobilin. This result combines with other data to imply that the incorporation of haem occurs only during a relatively late part of the development of red cells in the bone marrow of these patients.
A Particle Bed Dryout Model Based on Flooding

A model for particle bed dryout based on the phenomenon of flooding is developed for particles greater than ∼1 mm in diameter. Dryout develops when vapor flow from boiling in the bed limits the inf...
Directional Dependence of the Displacement Energy Threshold for a FCC Metal

Dynamical method computer experiments were used to map out the displacement energy threshold in a fcc metal as a function of the direction in which a primary knock-on atom is ejected from a lattice site. The displacement energy threshold for the [100] and [110] directions was about 22 eV and that for the [111] direction was 57 eV. A region of high displacement energy threshold was found in the interior of the stereographic triangle near the line between the [111] and [110] poles. The largest threshold energy in this region was 70–75 eV.
Problems and Solutions in the Estimation of Genetic Risks from Radiation and Chemicals

Extensive investigations with mice on the effects of various physical and biological factors, such as dose rate, sex and cell stage, on radiation-induced mutation have provided an evaluation of the genetics hazards of radiation in man. The mutational results obtained in both sexes with progressive lowering of the radiation dose rate have permitted estimation of the mutation frequency expected under the low-level radiation conditions of most human exposure. Supplementing the studies on mutation frequency are investigations on the phenotypic effects of mutations in mice, particularly anatomical disorders of the skeleton, which allow an estimation of the degree of human handicap associated with the occurrence of parallel defects in man. — Estimation of the genetic risk from chemical mutagens is much more difficult, and the research is much less advanced. Results on transmitted mutations in mice indicate a poor correlation with mutation induction in non-mammalian organisms. On the one hand, mice show little or no mutagenic response to several compounds that are highly mutagenic in other systems. On the other hand, recent results with ethylnitrosourea show that a single injection of 6 mg per mouse of this compound induces a mutation rate 75,000 times greater than that considered as a maximum permissible level of risk from a whole year of exposure to radiation. Further investigation in mice is obviously needed, not only on the screening for mutagenicity of other chemicals, but also on the nature of the mutagenic action of ethylnitrosourea.
A comment on: “Efficient propagation of shocks and the optimal return on money”

Lotteries are introduced into Cavalcanti and Erosa (2008) [2], a version of Trejos and Wright (1995) [4] with aggregate shocks. Lotteries improve welfare and eliminate the two notable features of the optimum with deterministic trades: over-production and history-dependence. Moreover, the optimum can be supported by buyer take-it-or-leave-it offers.
Genetic analysis workshop III: Construction of genetic maps using two‐point lod tables

A method to construct genetic maps using two-point lod tables was applied to the simulated pedigree data. The analysis provided the correct map order and distance between markers with remarkable accuracy. The methodology discussed.
On Force-Free Magnetic Fields with non-constant proportionality factor and their applications to High Temperature Superconductors Theory, applying quaternmonic analysis

We review the state of the art of quaternionic solutions for the Force-Free Magnetic Field equations rot Boarr = alphaBoarr (1) div Boarr = 0, where alpha is a non-constant proportionality factor and Boarr is the magnetic induction vector, applied to the study of High Temperature Superconductors. We introduce one method for rewriting this system of equations in quaternionic form, and particularly, we review one technic for obtaining new classes of solutions when alpha is an arbitrary function of one spatial variable and one approach for obtaining solutions for one special case of alpha depending on three spatial variables.
Women's Voices, Women's Choices: The Challenge of Nutrition and HIV/AIDS

The Society for International Nutrition Research sponsored a Symposium titled "Women's Voices, Women's Choices: The Challenge of Nutrition and HIV/AIDS in Asia and Africa" at Experimental Biology 2004 to highlight the challenges facing HIV-positive women living in resource-poor settings of Asia and Africa, when it comes to the everyday decisions they are forced to make about their own health and nutrition, and the health and the nutrition of their children. This introductory paper summarizes the rationale for this session, including a summary of the evidence for women's increased vulnerability to HIV, the nutritional impacts of HIV infection, and the special infant feeding and nutritional concerns facing HIV-positive pregnant and lactating mothers in Africa and Asia. The issue of nutrition and HIV/AIDS is addressed here from an intergenerational perspective, using new data from qualitative research, clinical trials, and behavioral interventions in India, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, to illustrate important concerns, using study participants' own words to convey key messages. The focus is on women, because they are shouldering much of the burden of HIV infection in terms of their numbers and in their responsibilities for providing food and care for orphans and HIV-affected family members. Infant feeding choices are also considered in this review, because of the vast implications that not breast-feeding at all and stopping breast-feeding early have on the nutritional well-being of HIV-exposed children, as well as the positive contribution of breast-feeding to child nutrition and survival worldwide.
Morphogenesis of Fer-de-Lance virus (FDLV) cultured at optimal (30 degrees C) cell growth temperature.

Abstract The morphogenesis of Fer-de-Lance virus (FDLV), the only known myxovirus associated with ectothermic vertebrates, has been studied by thin section and negative-contrast staining electron microscopy in cells cultured at near optimal temperature for virus replication (30 °C). The degree of viral budding, virion size and shape, and relative amounts of cytoplasmic nucleocapsid and specific inclusion bodies have been compared in 4 reptilian cell lines. Morphological features of FDLV indicate that it belongs to the para- or metamyxovirus subgroup.
Cloud-environment interface instability : rising thermal calculations in two spatial dimensions

Abstract High resolution two-dimensional numerical experiments of rising thermals in a stably stratified environment were performed to study the cloud boundary instability. Unstable modes develop on the leading edge of the rising thermal, which are driven by the buoyant production of vorticity and lead to the type of entraining eddies that are thought to be responsible for observed dilution of convective clouds. These instabilities develop on the complex and evolving base state characterized by a nonparallel flow near the interface with a contractional component across the interface and a stretching component along it. An analytical model is presented which describes the temporal evolution of the shear layer prior to the onset of the instability. It is shown that the flow pattern associated with the thermal rise leads to an exponential increase of the shear normal to the interface and exponential decrease of the shear-layer depth, which at a certain stage can lead to the onset of shearing instabilities. T...
Patterns of nutrient selection in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Abstract The effects of experimental diabetes on energy intake, patterns of nutrient selection, water intake, body weight and body composition were examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats given ground Purina Chow or a dietary self-selection regime. Following adaptation to dietary conditons, a portion of the animals in each diet group were made diabetic by the administration of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The remaining animals in each group served as vehicle-injected controls. STZ reliably produced diabetes in rats on both dietary regimes. Immediately after the induction of diabetes, rats on the self-selection regime increased carbohydrate and protein intakes and decreased fat intake. Approximately three weeks after STZ administration, diabetic rats reduced carbohydrate intake and increased fat intake. Diabetic animals in both diet groups were hyperphagic and polydipsic relative to non-diabetic controls. During the first three weeks following STZ injections, energy and water intakes of diabetic animals in the two dietary conditions were similar. However, after this initial period, energy and water intakes of diabetic rats given the self-selection regime were significiantly lower than those of diabetic animals given Purina Chow.
Novel ultraviolet instrumentation concepts

Astronomical surveys have demonstrated an enormous capability for increasing our understanding of the universe around us. There are significant wavelength regions, which for various reasons are poorly sampled. Powerful diagnostics of hot gas in the universe are well understood, but there are few instruments capable of making measurements at the wavelengths of the most important lines (103 nm, 123 nm, and 155 nm, the lithium-like series of O, N, and C). No complete survey has been done with moderate spatial resolution in emission even though virtually all measurements capable of detecting the presence of lithium-like oxygen do so. We present a technique to eliminate the spectral-spatial confusion inherent in a wide field imaging spectrograph based on a type of imaging spectrograph that takes advantage of the large, well-corrected field of view from a three-mirror anastigmat (TMA) in conjunction with aberration-corrected holography applied to the tertiary.
Ultrathin, dynamic and groovy: the physics of Dutcher films

Dutcher films are ultra-thin solid–fluid–solid films where van der Waals forces acting across the film encourage the growth of surface instabilities. In the absence of the solid layers, which sandwich the fluid layer, the fluid would coalesce into isolated droplets like a bursting bubble. However, the solid layers stabilize the fluid layer and oppose the growth of surface instabilities which, in turn, deform the solid layers. The elasticity of the solid layers also causes the preferential growth of larger wavelength undulations which involve less elastic deformation. This is contrasted by the fluid dynamics of the sandwiched fluid layer, which kinetically would prefer smaller wavelength undulations. For larger wavelength undulations the fluid has to flow over larger distances and this takes longer resulting in slower growth. A combination of these effects selects a characteristic wavelength of the undulations. In other words, the van der Waals forces cause the film to undulate (spontaneously form alternating thick and thin regions), the elasticity of the solid layers encourages the growth of larger wavelength undulations, while the time required to move fluid from thinning to thickening regions kinetically favors the growth of smaller wavelength undulations. This competition between kinetics and energetics results in a characteristic lengthscale for undulation growth. The lengthscale of the undulations is on the order of micrometers while the films are initially on the order of 100 nm. As the undulations grow they eventually reach a stage where the top and bottom solid layers are brought into contact. At this point the fluid is segregated into isolated pockets of fluid separated by regions where the solid layers are in contact. These disc-shaped pockets which are on the order of 100 nm thick and micrometers in diameter could offer a unique environment for microfluidics. Dutcher films can also allow us to probe the mechanical properties of thin solid layers. The wavelength of undulation growth is sensitive to the Young’s modulus of the solid layers and, by measuring this wavelength, information concerning the mechanics of the solid layers can be gleaned from these experiments. As the spread of nanotechnology results in smaller mechanical systems, and an increase in thin film technologies, understanding the rich physical behaviour of Dutcher films will become increasingly important.
Biquad implementation of an IIR filter for IQ mismatch correction in an SoC RF receiver

This paper presents an IQ mismatch correction design and implementation that is part of a system-on-chip (SoC) that also includes a homodyne RF receiver and a sparse nonlinear equalizer. It uses IIR filters to help the RF receiver achieve greater than an 80 dB image rejection ratio. The IIR filters are implemented using biquad structures to minimize power consumption by limiting the number of bits used per tap. The design was implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology and it is estimated to have a power performance of 150 GOPS per watt.
Constrained Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) Agonists and Antagonists with i-(i+3) Glu-Xaa-DXbb-Lys Bridges †

We hypothesized that covalent constraints such as side-chain to side-chain lactam rings would stabilize an alpha-helical conformation shown to be important for the recognition and binding of the human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF) C-terminal 33 residues to CRF receptors. These studies led to the discovery of cyclo(20-23)[DPhe12,Glu20,Lys23,Nle21,38]hCRF (12-41) and of astressin ?cyclo(30-33)[DPhe12,Nle21,38,Glu30,Lys33]hCR F(12-41)?, two potent CRF antagonists, and of cyclo(30-33)[Ac-Leu8,DPhe12,Nle21, Glu30,Lys33,Nle38]hCRF(8-41), the shortest sequence equipotent to CRF reported to date (Rivier et al. J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 2614-2620 and references therein). To test the hypothesis that the Glu20-Lys23 and Glu30-Lys33 lactam rings were favoring an alpha-helical conformation rather than a turn, we introduced a D-amino acid at positions 22, 31, and 32 in the respective rings. Whereas the introduction of a D-residue at position 31 was only marginally deleterious to potency (ca. 2-fold decrease in potency), introduction of a D-residue at position 22 and/or 32 was favorable (up to 2-fold increase in potency) in most of the cyclic hCRF, alpha-helical CRF, urotensin, and urocortin agonists and antagonists that were tested and was also favorable in linear agonists but not in linear antagonists; this suggested a unique and stabilizing role for the lactam ring. Introduction of a [DHis32] (6) or acetylation of the N-terminus (7) of astressin had a minor deleterious or a favorable influence, respectively, on duration of action. In the absence of structural data on these analogues, we conducted molecular modeling on an Ac-Ala13-NH2 scaffold in order to quantify the structural influence of specific L- and DAla6 and L- and DAla7 substitutions in [Glu5,Lys8]Ac-Ala13-NH2 in a standard alpha-helical configuration. Models of the general form [Glu5,LAla6 or DAla6,LAla7 or DAla7,Lys8]Ac-Ala13-NH2 were subjected to high-temperature molecular dynamics followed by annealing dynamics and minimization in a conformational search. A gentle restraint was applied to the 0-4, 1-5, and 8-12 O-H hydrogen bond donor-acceptor pairs to maintain alpha-helical features at the N- and C-termini. From these studies we derived a model in which the helical N- and C-termini of hCRF form a helix-turn-helix motif around a turn centered at residue 31. Such a turn brings Gln26 in close enough proximity to Lys36 to suggest introduction of a bridge between them. We synthesized dicyclo(26-36,30-33)[DPhe12,Nle21,Cys26,Glu30 ,Lys33,Cys36, Nle38]Ac-hCRF(9-41) which showed significant alpha-helical content using circular dichroism (CD) and had low, but measurable potency ?0. 3% that of 6 or ca. 25% that of [DPhe12,Nle21,38]hCRF(12-41)?. Since the 26-36 disulfide bridge is incompatible with a continuous alpha-helix, the postulate of a turn starting at residue 31 will need to be further documented.
Transcriptional induction of genes encoding endoplasmic reticulum resident proteins requires a transmembrane protein kinase

The transcription of genes encoding soluble proteins that reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is induced when unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER. Thus, an intracellular signal transduction pathway must exist that mediates communication between the ER lumen and the nucleus. We have identified a gene in S. cerevisiae, IRE1, that is required for this pathway: ire1- mutants cannot activate transcription of KAR2 and PDI1, which encode the ER resident proteins BiP and protein disulfide isomerase. Moreover, IRE1 is essential for cell viability under stress conditions that cause unfolded proteins to accumulate in the ER. IRE1 encodes a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase that we propose transmits the unfolded protein signal across the ER or inner nuclear membrane. IRE1 is also required for inositol prototrophy, suggesting that the induction of ER resident proteins is coupled to the biogenesis of new ER membrane.
Hospitalization of Abused and Neglected Children

Objective: To describe the use of inpatient hospitalization for abused and neglected children living in a metropolitan area. Methods: Retrospective record review of abused and neglected children admitted in 1992 and 1993 to hospitals with 87% of metropolitan area pediatric admissions; comparison of these data with population, crisis nursery, and child protective services data. Results: Thirty-four abused and neglected children were admitted to hospital, representing 0.3% (34/11 066; 95% confidence interval, 0%-1.2%) of pediatric admissions and 0.2% (34/19 950; 95% confidence interval, 0%-0.6%) of child protective services reports. This represents a rate of hospitalization for child abuse of 10 children (95% confidence interval, 0-46) per 100 000 child population per year. Seven hundred fifteen children were admitted to the crisis nursery by child protective services. Of those admitted to the hospital, 12 needed intensive care, 5 of whom died. Only 3 of 34 hospital-admitted children had private health insurance; 19 of 34 were younger than 1 year. Conclusions: Inpatient hospitalization for abuse represented a small fraction of total pediatric admissions and of child protective services reports. Comprehensive medical care for most abused children and medical education about child abuse must occur in outpatient settings. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997;151:273-275
Potentiation by alpha-methyldopa of pressor responses to angiotensin.

SummaryChronic treatment with methyldopa, for 4 to 7 days, produced augmentation of pressor responses to angiotensin in the denervated hindleg of dogs, whereas vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine were unaffected. The administration of a single iv injection of methyldopa did not alter the hindleg pressor responses to either angiotensin or norepinephrine. Since chronic treatment with methyldopa has been shown to decrease plasma renin activity in man, it is possible that the potentiation of the vasoconstrictor effect of angiotensin seen in dogs after chronic treatment with methyldopa may be related to an effect of this drug on the renin-angiotensin system.
Liver transplantation for hepatitis C: recurrence and disease progression in 300 patients.

Abstract The time progression of allograft damage in patients with recurrent hepatitis C after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is not precisely determined. The aim of this analysis is to study the progression of disease recurrence and its impact on patient and graft survival. Data for 300 patients who underwent OLT for hepatitis C were analyzed regarding the incidence of histological recurrence, risk factors, immunosuppressive regimen, rejection episodes, and survival. For patients with histological recurrence, the timing and risks for disease progression were analyzed. Data for 30 patients who underwent retransplantation were studied. Histological recurrence occurred in 40.3% of patients, 27.2% of whom progressed to bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis. Eighty-seven percent of the patients experienced recurrence of disease within 24 months of OLT. Patients with histological recurrence within 6 months of OLT had an increased risk for progression to cirrhosis compared with patients with recurrence later than 6 months (risk ratio, 2.3). Recurrence within 1 year was associated with decreased patient and graft survival rates at 1 and 5 years (65.1% and 56.4% versus 80.6% and 78.4%; P = .004 andP = .0008, respectively). Patients with histological recurrence had a greater incidence of acute cellular rejection, as well as multiple episodes of rejection, steroid-resistant rejections, and greater cumulative doses of corticosteroids. Histological recurrence after OLT for hepatitis C is common and usually occurs within 2 years of OLT. Early recurrence negatively affects patient and graft survival. Host factors impacting on recurrence need further study. A relation between the hepatitis C virus, allograft rejection, and immunosuppression exists and needs investigation. (Liver Transpl 2000;6:553-561.)
Effects of picloram on the synthesis of soluble plant proteins as determined by gel electrophoresis

Abstract Changes in soluble proteins synthesized in soybean ( Glycine max L.), safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.), radish ( Raphanus sativus L.), and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) treated with either growth promotive or inhibitory concentrations of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) were determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. A special gel mixture was developed which provided resolution of protein bands superior to that obtained by standard gel electrophoresis. Growth promotive concentrations of picloram caused both qualitative and quantitative alterations in the band patterns of soluble proteins of safflower, radish, and barley roots and shoots. Isoelectric focusing was applied for the separation and identification of soluble protein fractions from soybean and barley roots and shoots treated primarily with growth inhibitory concentrations of picloram (except for barley shoot tissues). More than 35 clear bands were distinguishable in a typical gel electrophoretogram for either soybean or barley tissue (4-day-old plants). Approximate pI values of the bands from barley root protein were determined from a pH gradient diagram. Protein band patterns of picloram-treated samples were changed qualitatively and quantitatively, in comparison with controls, mostly in the range above pI 6, and predominantly in the neutral and basic protein regions. Band patterns for 96-hr root samples treated with growth inhibitory concentrations of picloram were more similar to those from 48-hr (soybean) or 55-hr (barley) than 96-hr control seedlings. A quantitative decrease in intensity of a band which had the same pI value as that of RNase was noticed in both the treated samples and 2- or 3-day-old control seedlings.
Transverse electrostatic modes in a one-dimensional strongly coupled dusty plasma

A unified dispersion relation is derived for linear transverse electrostatic modes in a one-dimensional dust plasma crystal consisting of cold dust particles located at lattice points uniformly spaced in equilibrium. In special limits, this dispersion relation reduces to the transverse shear and lattice modes predicted by earlier generalized hydrodynamic and lattice models in the strong-coupling regime.
Magnetic Field Assisted Growth of High Dense Hematite Nanosheets and Their Application in Water Treatment

This paper describes an approach combining thermal stress and magnetic force in order to generate α-Fe2O3 nanosheets on the surface of various iron substrates that include plate and powder and their application of nanosheets on water treatment. A typical procedure involved the thermal oxidation of these substrates on the hot plate with magnetic field in air and with fixed temperature of 500°C for different times. A possible mechanism — magnetic force adding on iron ions — was proposed to explain the growth of nanosheet at the width direction. Electron microscopic studies indicate that these nanosheets show a parabolic relation with time of thermal oxidation for the growth at width direction. A comparison of heavy metal (As, Cr) ion adsorption effect of nanosheets and nanowires was also investiged, which show that nanosheets have a much better adsorption ratio than nanowires.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Spaces with unique Hausdorff extensions

Abstract H-closed extensions of Hausdorff spaces have been studied extensively as a generalization of compactifications of Tychonoff spaces. The collection of H-closed extensions of a space is known to have an upper semilattice structure. Little work has been done to characterize spaces whose collections of H-closed extensions have specified upper semilattice structures. In 1970 J.R. Porter found necessary and sufficient conditions on a space so that it would have exactly one one-point H-closed extension. He asked for a characterization of those spaces which have exactly one H-closed extension. This is the same as having exactly one Hausdorff extension. In this paper we answer Porter's question and give an example of such a space. Topological sums of this space give spaces which have two, five, or in general, p ( n ) many H-closed extensions where p ( n ) is the number of ways a set of size n can be partitioned. This space is also an example of a space with exactly one free prime open filter which gives an answer to a question asked by J. Pelant, P. Simon, and J. Vaughan. As a preliminary for obtaining the above results, we find necessary and sufficient conditions on a space so that the S- and θ-equivalence relations defined by J.R. Porter and C. Votaw are equivalent.