cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An efficient explicit algorithm for damage-coupled viscoplastic fatigue model

This paper describes the development of an efficient and a robust numerical algorithm for a damage-coupled viscoplastic-fatigue material model. The material chosen for the investigation is eutectic material, Sn-Pb solder, exhibiting strain-softening behavior. The numerical algorithm employs a modified explicit method with adaptive sub-stepping based on the local error control for which the stress (constitutive) Jacobian explicit solution is derived. The algorithm is implemented in a commercial finite element (FE) code ABAQUS (Version 6.2) via its user-defined material subroutine. The algorithm is verified with several numerical examples, including (i) single-element simulations for uniaxial test, tensile creep, and fatigue simulations to attain an optimized algorithm and (ii) two three-dimensional analyses of a miniature specimen under monotonic tensile loading and fatigue loading. The numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the modified explicit algorithm in predicting cyclic thermoviscoplastic behavior of a solder material. The algorithm is considered a generalized methodology that can be readily applied to characterize thermoviscoplastic behavior and fatigue life of similar materials.
Pre-Adoptive Genetic Testing: Is the Current Policy Too Restrictive?:

Developments in genetic technologies have made it possible to test for a variety of genetic disorders in children. The increased availability of genetic testing has put pressure on adoption agencie...
Mystical union, traditional theism and veridicality : A revisitation

L'A. affirme qu'il est possible pour l'unite indifferenciee rapportee par les theistes mystiques d'indiquer un alignement epistemique avec le mode divin de cognition. Cette explication est entierement compatible avec l'axiome theiste selon lequel la dualite ontologique entre le createur et la creature est inviolable du point de vue metaphysique. Elle constitue d'autre part une explication plausible de l'unite indifferenciee rapportee par les mystiques theistes. Il s'agit d'une theorie qui est capable d'expliquer deux aspects centraux des etats mystiques: le caractere ineffable et l'absorption ontologique par Dieu
The Effects of Cocaine in Buprenorphine-Maintained Outpatient Volunteers

Previous data suggest that buprenorphine may decrease cocaine abuse. The authors investigated the influence of buprenorphine on cocaine effects in volunteer opioid and cocaine abusers. Results from cocaine challenge sessions (40 mg iv) before and during buprenorphine treatment (8 mg/day sublingual) and from weekly outpatient reports provided no evidence that buprenorphine attenuated the effects of cocaine; in fact, trends suggested an enhancement of cocaine effects. The combination of cocaine and buprenorphine did not produce adverse effects, but illicit opioid use decreased during treatment with buprenorphine. These results support further study of buprenorphine as a treatment for opioid abuse, but they do not suggest efficacy against cocaine abuse.
Outsourcing Decisions and Managerial Incentives

An agency model is presented in which outsourcing strictly dominates in-house production. We argue that firms outsource in order to improve managerial incentives. Conditions are established under which the firm is strictly better off with outsourcing. The benefit of outsourcing, however, is constrained by the trade-off between the incremental coordination costs of outsourcing and the improved incentive structure. The optimal contract is also shown to be a function of whether or not the firm is publicly held. For a publicly held firm, the contract is constant. For a privately held supplier, the contract is likely to be of a cost-sharing type. These findings offer preliminary incentive explanations for commonly observed outsourcing practices.
Configural prey recognition by the praying mantis, Sphodromantis lineola (Burr.); effects of size and direction of movement.

The visually released, predatory behaviors of approaching and striking at prey by the praying mantis, Sphodromantis lineola (Burr.), were measured in response to various moving, three-dimensional lure configurations. Lures varied in length (3, 7, 15, 25, 35, 50, 70 or 100 mm), thickness (i.e. width and height: 3, 7, 10, 15, 20 or 30 mm) and direction (approaching or moving orthogonally). Each of these three parameters has a significant effect on whether adult female S. lineola recognize a moving object as potential prey. Approaching lures are strong releasers of predatory behaviors when they are 3-35 mm long and 10 mm thick. Orthogonally moving lures, although overall poor releasers of predatory behavior, are at their strongest when 3-35 mm long but only 3 mm thick. These response patterns are similar to those for some anurans and urodeles, which also hunt small invertebrates with analogous behavioral repertoires. This suggests that these groups may have evolved similar algorithms for identifying prey in spite of dissimilar neural organization.
Thermal Stability of Precipitates in a Rapidly Quenched Ti-Al-Si Alloy

Ostwald ripening of precipitates in rapidly solidified Ti-5Al-2Si (wt.%) has been studied by TEM. Results show that particle coarsening at 700 and 800°C is controlled by volume diffusion. Diffusion coefficients of Si in α-Ti were found to be ∼7.5 × 10−13 cm2/sec at 700°C and ∼1.2 × 10−11 cm2/sec at 800°C. At these temperatures, microstructural refinement due to rapid quenching had no noticeable effect on the coarsening mechanism for the RS Ti-5Al-2Si alloy.
Wavepacket Motion via a Conical Intersection in the Photochemistry of Aqueous Transition-Metal Dianions

The photochemical reaction paths in aqueous PtBr62– and OsBr62– have been studied by femtosecond broad-band pump–probe spectroscopy supported by CASPT2 and DFT/TDDFT calculations. These paths lead ...
A logic-based modeling and verification of CPS

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) consist of perpetually and concurrently executing physical and computational components. The presence of physical components require the computational components to deal with continuous quantities. A formalism that can model discrete and continuous quantities together with concurrent, perpetual execution is lacking. In this paper we report on the development of a formalism based on logic programming extended with co-induction, constraints over reals, and coroutining that allows CPS to be elegantly modeled. This logic programming realization can be used for verifying interesting properties as well as generating implementations of CPS. We illustrate this formalism by applying it to elegant modeling of the reactor temperature control system. Interesting properties of the system can be verified merely by posing appropriate queries to this model. Precise parametric analysis can also be performed.
Cooperative interactions in single-strand oligomers of adenylic acid.

Optical rotatory dispersion measurements were made on the oligonucleotides (pA)2, (pA)4, and (pA)6 at neutral pH over the temperature range 5–85°C., and compared to similar data for polyriboadenylic acid. The data were interpreted in terms of a temperature-dependent stacking of the bases in the single-strand oligomers, with very little dependence of the degree of stacking on the chain length. These results can be explained by a theory of cooperative stacking. The degrees of freedom available per residue are rotations about the five backbone covalent bonds and the bond connecting the base to the ribose ring. To nucleate a stacking interaction between neighboring bases the backbone sequence must be ordered as must be the two bases. For this stack to grow by one base a backbone sequence must again be ordered, but only one additional base must be ordered. Thus, the degree of freedom of the base with respect to the ribose ring determines the extent of the cooperative effect and hence the effect of chain length. A matrix formulation of the partition function is presented which incorporates this cooperative nature of the interaction and is shown to be in fair agreement with the data. The entropy of ordering a base with respect to the ribose ring is found to be 0.68 e.u., which suggests that the purine has a torsional oscillation when unstacked, but does not have several isoenergetic positions of internal rotation available. The enthalpy of stacking is found to be −6.5 kcal./mole. A model involving neighbor and next-nearest neighbor interactions could also account for the data. For all practical purposes, the stacking interactions of successive residues can be treated as independent, i.e., the state of one residue is essentially independent of the state of stacking of its neighbors.
A Bi-level Framework for Understanding Prisoner Victimization

To present and test an opportunity perspective on prison inmate victimization. Stratified random samples of inmates (n 1 = 5,640) were selected from Ohio and Kentucky prisons (n 2 = 46). Bi-level models of the prevalence of assaults and thefts were estimated. Predictors included indicators of inmate routines/guardianship, target antagonism, and target vulnerability at the individual level, and several indicators of guardianship at the facility level. Assaults were more common among inmates with certain routines and characteristics that might have increased their odds of being victimized (e.g., less time spent in recreation; committed violence themselves during incarceration), and higher levels of assaults characterized environments with lower levels of guardianship (e.g., architectural designs with more “blind spots”, larger populations, and less rigorous rule enforcement as perceived by correctional officers). Similar findings emerged for thefts in addition to stronger individual level effects in prisons with weaker guardianship (e.g., ethnic group differences in the risk of theft were greater in facilities with larger populations and less rigorous rule enforcement). The study produced evidence favoring a bi-level opportunity perspective of inmate victimization, with some unique differences in the relevance of particular concepts between prison and non-prison contexts.
On the thermohydrodynamic analysis of a Bingham fluid in slider bearings

A theoretical analysis of finite slider bearings with the Bingham rheological model is presented which includes a full consideration for thermal effects. Full thermohydrodynamic (THD) as well as simplified ISOADI solutions are presented for a wide range of operating conditions. Results are authenticated with a number of published one-dimensional isoviscous solutions. An extensive set of parametric studies of the Bingham model together with an illustrative example is presented.
Exostoses of the external auditory canal in white-water kayakers.

Objectives/Hypothesis. Exostoses of the external auditory canal are benign bony tumors associated with frequent cold-water exposure. Obstruction may lead to conductive hearing loss and recurrent otitis externa, requiring surgical correction when symptoms become intolerable. This study aimed to characterize the prevalence of exostoses in white-water kayakers and identify associated risk factors and protective measures. Study Design. Cross-sectional. Methods. Six hundred eleven white-water kayakers from across the United States were included in the study. Percent occlusion was graded as minimal ( 75%). Subjects completed a survey of risk factors and protective measures. Kruskal-Wallis and χ2 tests were performed to determine significant associations with percent occlusion. A multivariate proportional odds regression model was fit to adjust for confounding between the variables. Results. The prevalence of exostoses in kayakers was 79% (482/611); 13% (78/611) had ≥75% occlusion. Percent occlusion was associated with total years kayaked (P < .001), frequency ≥1 day/week (P < .001), male gender (P < .001), and increasing age (P = .005), although frequency, gender, and age were confounded by total years. Styles that involve repeated submersion were also associated with greater occlusion (freestyle, P = .036; squirt, P = .016). Subjects who used earplugs for a greater proportion of their kayaking career were less likely to have exostoses (P < .001). When adjusted for confounding, only total years (P = .0003) and age (P = .0027) remained significant. Conclusions. Kayakers are the first inland population to experience exostoses at the rates seen in coastal populations (e.g., surfers). When used long-term, earplugs may be protective. Laryngoscope, 2010
An Improved Conversion of Cyclohexanones into 1-Methyl-2-Formylcyclohexenes

Abstract The 1,2-disubstituted cyclohexene synthon shown in structure is found in several natural products (e.g. cyclolavandulal, )1 as well as in numerous useful synthetic intermediates (e.g. →→ tachysterols)2. Our interest in novel applications of electrocyclic reactions to natural products synthesis required a general synthesis for a variety of structures of type .
A Numerical Study of High Temperature and High Velocity Gaseous Hydrogen Flow in a Cooling Channel of a Nuclear Thermal Rocket Core

Two mathematical models (a one-dimensional and a two-dimensional) were adopted to study, numerically, the thermal hydrodynamic characteristics of flow inside the cooling channels of a Nuclear Thermal Rocket (NTR) engine. In the present study, only a single one of the cooling channels of the reactor core is simulated. The one-dimensional model adopted here assumes the flow in this cooling channel to be steady, compressible, turbulent, and subsonic. The physics based mathematical model of the flow in the channel consists of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy equations subject to appropriate boundary conditions as defined by the physical problem stated above. The working fluid (gaseous hydrogen) is assumed to be compressible through a simple ideal gas relation. The physical and transport properties of the hydrogen is assumed be temperature dependent. The governing equations of the compressible flow in cooling channels are discretized using the second order accurate MacCormack finite difference scheme. Convergence and grid independence studies were done to determine the optimum computational cell mesh size and computational time increment needed for the present simulations. The steady state results of the proposed model were compared to the predictions by a commercial CFD package (Fluent.) The two-dimensional CFD solution was obtained in two domains: the coolant (gaseous hydrogen) and the ZrC fuel cladding. The wall heat flux which varied along the channel length (as described by the nuclear variation in the nuclear power generation) was given as an input.Numerical experiments were carried out to simulate the thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow inside a single cooling channel of the reactor for a typical NERVA type NTR engine where the inlet mass flow rate was given as an input. The time dependent heat generation and its distribution due to the nuclear reaction taking place in the fuel matrix surrounding the cooling channel. Numerical simulations of flow and heat transfer through the cooling channels were generated for steady state gaseous hydrogen flow. The temperature, pressure, density, and velocity distributions of the hydrogen gas inside the coolant channel are then predicted by both one-dimensional and two-dimensional model codes. The steady state predictions of both models were compared to the existing results and it is concluded that both models successfully predict the steady state fluid temperature and pressure distributions experienced in the NTR cooling channels. The two dimensional model also predicts, successfully, the temperature distribution inside the nuclear fuel cladding.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Compensatory expressive behavior for facial paralysis: adaptation to congenital or acquired disability.

Purpose/Objective Although there has been little research on the adaptive behavior of people with congenital compared to acquired disability, there is reason to predict that people with congenital conditions may be better adapted because they have lived with their conditions for their entire lives (Smart, 2008). We examined whether people with congenital facial paralysis (FP), compared to people with acquired FP, compensate more for impoverished facial expression by using alternative channels of expression (i.e. voice and body).
Correlation Among Hemodynamic and Morphological Metrics of Intracranial Aneurysms

There is increasing interest in assessing metrics of blood flow characteristics as prognostic indicators of rupture risk in intracranial aneurysms. Aneurysmal hemodynamics may be and has been quantified in the literature by numerous indices (about 18, to the best of our knowledge) each capturing some characteristic of flow. But are all these indices capturing unique characteristics of flow or are many of them redundant? And are they mainly proxies for basic morphological characteristics? Answering this question and identifying the indices that capture unique aspects of flow has practical implications to prospective studies designed to test the hemodynamics-rupture correlation. Lesser the number of indices, lesser will be the required sample sizes for sufficient statistical power. Alternatively, greater the number of indices, greater the likelihood that such studies will descend into an exercise in data mining. Further, understanding how these indices relate among themselves and to morphology can help us better reconcile findings from independent studies. The objectives of this study were to first document and categorize all reported indices in the literature and use a population of unruptured intracranial aneurysms to understand correlations among them and with morphological indices.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Configurational mixing in Sm1−xYxS and SmS1−xAsx: Optical and elastic properties

Abstract Solid solution systems of Sm 1- x Y x S and SmS 1- x As x exhibit a composition- and temperature-dependent first- order electronic phase transition. The study of their optical properties and the analysis in terms of the scattering time of the conduction electrons has revealed strong resonant scattering in the collapsed metallic phase due to the configurationally mixed 4f level, degenerate with the Fermi energy E F . The measurements of the elastic constants indicate that none of the propagating modes become soft, although they show a discontinuity at the phase transition. The softening of the bulk modulus in the collapsed phase is attributed to zero energy excitations 4f 6 → 4f 5 5d 1 at E F . The triggering mechanism of the electronic phase transition is found to be a pinning of E F within the configurationally mixed 4f level.
The EEPROM as an analog memory drive

Nonvolatile storage, electrical programming, and erasing of analog signals are shown to be possible for EEPROMs. Analog signals are sampled, then stored in a commercial 2 K*8 EEPROM and read out in a manner simulating speech recording. Modification of peripheral circuitry can make EEPROMs potential analog memory devices. >
Mineralogical and geochemical consequences of the long-term presence of CO2 in natural reservoirs: An example from the Springerville-St. Johns Field, Arizona, and New Mexico, U.S.A

Abstract The Springerville–St. Johns CO2 field in eastern Arizona and western New Mexico is one of more than a dozen gas fields developed within the Colorado Plateau and Southern Rocky Mountain region. Extensive travertine (CaCO3) deposits record a long history of CO2 migration and leakage to the atmosphere. The oldest travertine deposits may have formed during the initial filling of the CO2 reservoir when groundwaters exsolved CO2 upon reaching the surface. The youngest travertine deposits are associated with springs on the floor of the Little Colorado River valley, but travertine deposition appears to be insignificant today. Older deposits occur up to 325 m above the valley floor. Geologic relationships suggest travertine deposition began in the late Pleistocene after volcanic activity ended at ∼0.3 Ma. Most of the CaCO3 could have been derived from dissolution of the underlying limestones and dolomites. Interactions between the reservoir fluids and rocks were observed in core samples from one of the intervals that produced dry gas. These reactions resulted in the dissolution of carbonate cements and detrital feldspars and the formation of dawsonite and kaolinite. Geochemical simulations suggest that the dawsonite could have been deposited when the CO2 fugacity reached 20 bars and that the kaolinite formed as the CO2 fugacity decreased. Corrosion of drill pipe by acidic waters and a pronounced HCO3 anomaly above the CO2 reservoir provide evidence of a continuing flux of CO2 from depth. CO2 storage occurs primarily as dissolved carbonate species and as gas accumulations. Only a small percentage of the CO2 was sequestered in secondary minerals.
Anatomic Double-Bundle Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery Using Fresh-Frozen Allograft Tissue

Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction presents many technical considerations not seen in primary ACL reconstruction. A variety of allograft options are available for use during revision ACL reconstruction, including bone-patella tendon-bone, calcaneus-Achilles tendon, and all soft-tissue grafts. Anatomic double-bundle ACL technique improves knee kinematics and provides the rotatory stability necessary to return to ACL-dependent activities.
Hydration dynamics at fluorinated protein surfaces

Water-protein interactions dictate many processes crucial to protein function including folding, dynamics, interactions with other biomolecules, and enzymatic catalysis. Here we examine the effect of surface fluorination on water-protein interactions. Modification of designed coiled-coil proteins by incorporation of 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine or (4S)-2-amino-4-methylhexanoic acid enables systematic examination of the effects of side-chain volume and fluorination on solvation dynamics. Using ultrafast fluorescence spectroscopy, we find that fluorinated side chains exert electrostatic drag on neighboring water molecules, slowing water motion at the protein surface.
Infants' Sensitivity to the Depth Cue of Height-in-the-Picture-Plane

Five- and 7-month-old infants' sensitivity to the pictorial depth cue of height-in-the-picture-plane was assessed. Infants were presented with 2 objects, 1 higher than the other, and their reaching...
Effect of BTI Degradation on Transistor Variability in Advanced Semiconductor Technologies

The effect of PMOS transistor negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) on product performance is a key reliability concern. As technology scales and device dimensions shrink, the trend in the V T variability at both time zero and after NBTI aging increases. The time0 V T variability can be explained by the random nature of dopants, whereas the randomly generated defects in the gate oxide can account for the aging-induced device DeltaV T variability. This paper focuses on the bias temperature instability stress-induced device DeltaV T variability and the trend across several technology generations. The remarkable correlation of aging-induced DeltaV T variability to the gate oxide area suggests that the continued device geometry scaling will increase the aging-induced variability. For the first time, aging-induced DeltaV T variability was characterized on transistors fabricated with high-kappa gate dielectric that also showed similar dependence to the gate oxide area.
Nematic liquid crystal materials for displays

Nematic liquid crystals are being used in a variety of display devices that capitalize on unique characteristics of these organic fluids. This paper discusses the purification and preparation of nematic liquid crystals, their operating temperature ranges, and the extent to which their properties meet the requirements of current dynamic-scattering and field-effect displays. While device performance can be further improved by tailoring the material, product acceptance will be principally determined by other factors such as reliability, packaging, and price reduction.
Decomposing torsion modules

E. Matlis proved that if R is an integral domain with quotient field Q and K is the R-module Q/R, then all torsion R-modules decompose into a direct sum of local submodules if and only if K decomposes into a direct sum of local submodules. Thus K is a test module to determine whether torsion modules decompose. We generalize this result to commutative rings. If R is a commutative ring and a torsion theory of R is given by a Gabriel topology , then form the ring of quotients R and let K be the cokernel of the canonical ring homomorphism from R to R. In some special cases, every -torsion R-module decomposes into a direct sum of local submodules if and only if K decomposes. However, there is an example where this is not the case. The principal result is: given R,  and K, there is a related filter K of ideals of R, which is a subset of , such that all K-pretorsion R-modules decompose into a direct sum of local submodules if and only if K decomposes. The relationship between  and K is investigated.
DVR Pilot Study: Measuring Uses and Gratifications of Digital VideoRecorders in Modern Television Viewing

The use of digital video recorders (DVRs) has caused concern among advertisers and the television industry. Many have argued that the 30-second ad is no longer effective because users of digital video recorders are fastforwarding though commercials. This denies the potential actual usage of the DVR in modern television viewing. Bio-metric research has suggested that it is not the behavior of fast-forwarding that matters most, but actual viewing patterns and choices viewers make coupled with memories of previously-viewed advertisements. In the process of fast-forwarding, viewers must pay attention to passing images and are capable of not only recognizing advertisements but altering their viewing to incorporate DVR use. DVRs are used in order to view specific advertising content based on multiple factors, including past emotional memories. Visual cues within advertising are often provocative enough to stimulate action – stopping viewers from fast-forwarding through ads. Still, the idea persists that when viewers do fast-forward through television advertisements, the ads have a reduced effectiveness. This broad assumption ignores the fact that DVR owners report watching more television, using their DVRs for the primary benefit of time shifting – and not fast-forwarding through advertising. The central motivation for using DVR technology is the ability to watch programming at convenient times. In attempting to avoid advertising, most viewers do, in fact, pay attention to their TV screens. Doing so may result in viewers inadvertently paying even more attention to advertising messages.
The Effects of Leadership Positions on Votes for Incumbents in State Legislative Elections

This paper investigates the impact of holding a party leadership position or being a committee chair on votes for incumbents in state legislative elections in 1986. The results of the analysis indicate that majority party members who hold these positions of authority enjoy a greater electoral advantage than expected in their states. Leadership positions do not offer the same advantage to minority party legislators, however.
Gαo mediates WNT-JNK signaling through Dishevelled 1 and 3, RhoA family members, and MEKK 1 and 4 in mammalian cells

In Drosophila , activation of Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) mediated by Frizzled and Dishevelled leads to signaling linked to planar cell polarity. A biochemical delineation of WNT-JNK planar cell polarity was sought in mammalian cells, making use of totipotent mouse F9 teratocarcinoma cells that respond to WNT3a via Frizzled-1. The canonical WNT–β-catenin signaling pathway requires both Gαo and Gαq heterotrimeric G-proteins, whereas we show that WNT-JNK signaling requires only Gαo protein. Gαo propagates the signal downstream through all three Dishevelled isoforms, as determined by epistasis experiments using the Dishevelled antagonist Dapper1 (DACT1). Suppression of either Dishevelled-1 or Dishevelled-3, but not Dishevelled-2, abolishes WNT3a activation of JNK. Activation of the small GTPases RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 operates downstream of Dishevelled, linking to the MEKK 1/MEKK 4-dependent cascade, and on to JNK activation. Chemical inhibitors of JNK (SP600125), but not p38 (SB203580), block WNT3a activation of JNK, whereas both the inhibitors attenuate the WNT3a–β-catenin pathway. These data reveal both common and unique signaling elements in WNT3a-sensitive pathways, highlighting crosstalk from WNT3a-JNK to WNT3a–β-catenin signaling.
Environmental Obfuscation of a Cyber Physical System - Vehicle Example

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are deeply embedded infrastructures that have significant cyber and physical components that interact with each other in complex ways. These interactions can violate a system’s security policy, leading to unintended information flow. The physical portion of such systems is inherently observable, and, as such, many methods of preserving confidentiality are not applicable. This fundamental property of CPSs presents new security challenges. To illustrate this, a vehicle composed of an embedded computer system, its operator, and its environment show how information is disclosed to an observer that is watching from the outside. The example is made of up a vehicle with an automated engine management system (smart cruise control) traveling across some terrain with an observer watching the vehicle. The information that is to be protected is the controller of the vehicle. This model is analyzed using formal models of information flow, namely nondeducibility and noninference. The vehicle’s operation, in context with the terrain of the road, discloses information to the observer. Context is important; the same information that was disclosed with one terrain type is hidden with a different terrain. This problem, its methodology, and results uncover problems, and solutions, based on the theory of information flow, to quantify security in these new types of systems.
$uvby$ photometry of the mCP stars HD 35298, 19 Lyrae, HD 192678, and HR 8216

Dierential Stromgren uvby observations from the Four College Automated Photoelectric Telescope are presented for the mCP stars HD 35298, 19 Lyr, HD 192678, and HR 8216. The period for HD 35298 of 1.85457 days is a revision of North's value while that for 19 Lyr of 7.0980 days is alias of that found by Winzer. HD 192678 is found to be a small amplitude photomet- ric variable with the 6.4186 day period proposed by Leroy from polarization measurements. For HR 8216, observa- tions taken between 1995 and 1998 conrm that the star has remained constant at least since 1990.
Electronic and vibrational spectroscopy and vibrationally mediated photodissociation of V+(OCO).

Electronic spectra of gas-phase V+(OCO) are measured in the near-infrared from 6050 to 7420 cm-1 and in the visible from 15 500 to 16 560 cm-1, using photofragment spectroscopy. The near-IR band is complex, with a 107 cm-1 progression in the metal−ligand stretch. The visible band shows clearly resolved vibrational progressions in the metal−ligand stretch and rock, and in the OCO bend, as observed by Brucat and co-workers. A vibrational hot band gives the metal−ligand stretch frequency in the ground electronic state ν3‘ ‘ = 210 cm-1. The OCO antisymmetric stretch frequency in the ground electronic state (ν1‘ ‘) is measured by using vibrationally mediated photodissociation. An IR laser vibrationally excites ions to ν1‘ ‘ = 1. Vibrationally excited ions selectively dissociate following absorption of a second, visible photon at the ν1‘ = 1 ← ν1‘ ‘ = 1 transition. Rotational structure in the resulting vibrational action spectrum confirms that V+(OCO) is linear and gives ν1‘ ‘ = 2392.0 cm-1. The OCO antisymmetr...
Immunolocalization of NHE8 in rat kidney.

In situ hybridization studies demonstrated that Na+/H+ exchanger NHE8 is expressed in kidney proximal tubules. Although membrane fractionation studies suggested apical brush-border localization, pr...
Exact Illumination in Polygonal Environments using Vertex Tracing

Methods for exact computation of irradiance and form factors associated with polygonal objects have ultimately relied on a formula for a differential area to polygon form factor attributed to Lambert. This paper presents an alternative, an analytical expression based on vertex behavior rather than the edges the polygon. Using this formulation, irradiance values in a scene consisting of partially occluded uniformly emitting polygons can be computed exactly by examining only the set of apparent vertices visible from the point of evaluation without explicit reconstruction of polygon contours. This leads to a fast, low-overhead algorithm for exact illumination computation that involves no explicit polygon clipping and is applicable to direct lighting and to radiosity gathering across surfaces or at isolated points.
Meaningful Professional Development in Accommodating Students with Disabilities Lessons Learned

The purpose of this article is to describe lessons learned from a series of professional development programs with inservice teachers (elementary through high school) designed to promote improvement of practices for instructing students with high-incidence disabilities in general education settings. initial professional development programs (n = 4) focused on exploring possibilities for effective formats and content. subsequent programs (n = 3) built on lessons learned and developed an intensive collaboration between university and school-based researchers in elementary classroom settings. pros and cons of each program are discussed as well as future directions for research.
Tracking and Organizing Visual Exploration Activities across Systems and Tools

Modern knowledge discovery activities occur in highly dynamic environments. Specific activities may involve multiple tools, techniques, systems, individuals, and locations. In addition to these complexities, the span of time involved with discovery may vary from short to long, as well as being contiguous or disjoint. This paper presents a framework for tracking the history, or provenance, of the discovery process across applications, systems, and users. The resulting capabilities provide fine-grained provenance information relative to the discovered information. Along with the provenance framework, a prototype system is used to demonstrate the main concepts of the proposed approach.
HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF COANDA-EFFECT SCREENS

A theoretically based computational model is presented for predicting the hydraulic performance of Coanda-effect screens. These screens use a tilted-wire, wedge-wire screen panel to remove thin layers of high-velocity flow from the bottom edge of a supercritical flow. Typical slot openings are 1 mm or less, and the screens are self-cleaning with no moving parts. The discharge characteristics of several screen materials were evaluated in laboratory tests, and a relation was developed for computing the discharge through a tilted- wire screening surface as a function of the Froude number, the specific energy, and the Reynolds and Weber numbers. A model for the performance of complete Coanda-effect screen structures predicts the wetted length of screen required to accept a given flow, or the flow rate through the screen and the bypass flow over a screen that does not accept all of the flow. Predictions from the model compare favorably to results from clean-water laboratory tests of several different prototype-size screen structures. The model will allow designers to accurately size screens and evaluate design alternatives.
LOCALIZATION OF THE SITES FOR CA2+-BINDING PROTEINS ON G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR KINASES

Inhibition of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) by Ca2+-binding proteins has recently emerged as a general mechanism of GRK regulation. While GRK1 (rhodopsin kinase) is inhibited by the photoreceptor-specific Ca2+-binding protein recoverin, other GRKs can be inhibited by Ca2+-calmodulin. To dissect the mechanism of this inhibition at the molecular level, we localized the GRK domains involved in Ca2+-binding protein interaction using a series of GST-GRK fusion proteins. GRK1, GRK2, and GRK5, which represent the three known GRK subclasses, were each found to possess two distinct calmodulin-binding sites. These sites were localized to the N- and C-terminal regulatory regions within domains rich in positively charged and hydrophobic residues. In contrast, the unique N-terminally localized GRK1 site for recoverin had no clearly defined structural characteristics. Interestingly, while the recoverin and calmodulin-binding sites in GRK1 do not overlap, recoverin-GRK1 interaction is inhibited by calmodulin, most likely via an allosteric mechanism. Further analysis of the individual calmodulin sites in GRK5 suggests that the C-terminal site plays the major role in GRK5-calmodulin interaction. While specific mutation within the N-terminal site had no effect on calmodulin-mediated inhibition of GRK5 activity, deletion of the C-terminal site attenuated the effect of calmodulin on GRK5, and the simultaneous mutation of both sites rendered the enzyme calmodulin-insensitive. These studies provide new insight into the mechanism of Ca2+-dependent regulation of GRKs.
Calories and aging alter gene expression for gluconeogenic, glycolytic, and nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes

We characterized the effects of calorie restriction (CR) on the expression of key glycolytic, gluconeogenic, and nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes in mice. Of the gluconeogenic enzymes investigated, li...
On Adam Smith's Anti-Utilitarianism in the Wealth of Nations

Adam Smith completely rejected Utilitarianism in any form in his lifetime in his two major books, the Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) and The Wealth of Nations (1776). This paper will examine the basis for Smith’s rejection of Utilitarianism in the Wealth of Nations (1776) only. The Virtue ethics approach presented in his earlier The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) leads to a clear cut rejection of Utilitarianism in that book and need not be reconsidered in this paper.Smith’s rejection of Utilitarianism in the Wealth of Nations follows directly from two of the major theoretical advances he made in the Wealth of Nations in decision theory. The first advance was based on his interval valued approach to probability that, in general, rejected the application of the mathematical laws of the probability calculus to most decision making situations in politics, insurance, career assessment, business, economics, finance, and practical everyday decision making. Sharp or Point probabilities were not the general case due to different gradations in the quality of the evidence,data or information. It was simply not possible to make a precise estimate of probability in most cases due to the uneven nature of the quality of the information/knowledge and the overall incompleteness of the relevant evidence.The second advance made in the Wealth of Nations resulted from Smith’s deep understanding of the role of uncertainty, as opposed to risk, in decision making. The future was uncertain. Doubts about the accuracy and reliability of a decision lingered on and remained long after the decision had been made because most decisions were made on the basis of only partial information, data, or knowledge.Utilitarianism, be it Bentham’s version or Hume’s version, required both a knowledge of the consequences of one’s actions and an assessment of numerical probabilities that simply was not available. The existence of epistemological uncertainty means that it is impossible to accurately calculate the consequences of one’s actions and apply a Benefit-Cost analysis based on any concept of numerical probability as advocated by Bentham.
Inverse Problems for Distributed Systems: Statistical Tests and ANOVA

In this note we outline some recent results on the development of a statistical testing methodology for inverse problems involving partial differential equation models. Applications to problems from biology and mechanics are presented. The statistical tests are based on asymptotic distributional results for estimators and residuals in a least squares approach.
Creativity, Within Reason Semantic Distance and Dynamic State Creativity in Relational Thinking and Reasoning

Human reasoning and creativity represent perhaps the two highest evolutionary reaches of cognition. These two capacities are distinct from each other, but research on creativity in analogical reasoning has identified a point of convergence between them at one of the farthest forward and most recently evolved reaches of the brain. Analogy is a form of relational cognition because analogies form connections that relate otherwise separate concepts. Quantitative tools for measuring the semantic distance between concepts have advanced the measurement of creativity in relational cognition (more creative relational cognition forms connections across greater semantic distance). These tools are especially useful for the emerging neuroscience of creativity. I describe this semantic-distance approach and how it is being leveraged in my laboratory and elsewhere to investigate not only differences in creative ability between individuals but also creativity as a dynamic state that varies across time within an individual.
Bounded Complex and Lossless Bounded Complex Transfer Functions and their Applications

The concepts of structural boundedness and structural losslessness are known to be the keys behind the realization of low passband sensitivity digital filters implemented using real arithmetic. A generalization of these concepts leads to bounded complex and lossless bounded complex transfer functions, which are shown to play a similar role in the realization of low passband sensitivity digital filters with complex coefficients. Various filter realization strategies are pointed out, which involve the interconnection of complex lossless building blocks, thereby assuring the structural passivity property in the realization. Some design examples are included to verify the low sensitivity properties.
Propagation of a strain of egg-adapted distemper virus in suckling mice.

SummaryTwo separate lines of the FXNO strain of egg-adapted canine distemper virus were passed intracerebrally in suckling mice 18 and 10 times, respectively. Both lines induced signs of protracted hyperkinesis. After the 7th passage central nervous system involvement became quite prominent and severe. Ataxia, muscular twitching, disequilibrium, paresis, and clonic spasms were common manifestations. The time of the first nervous disturbance decreased progressively from 8 days to 3 days in Line 1 and from 15 days to 4 days in Line 2. In ovo neutralization tests and ferret protection tests establish the identity of the mouse passaged agent with the original egg-adapted FXNO strain.
Dieseline for Supercritical Injection and Combustion in Compression-Ignition Engines: Volatility, Phase Transitions, Spray/Jet Structure, and Thermal Stability

To optimize the injection–combustion process of increasingly diversified fuels, thermophysical and chemical properties of new blends are required over a wide range of compositions, pressures, and temperatures, including supercritical fluid states. Among the important thermophysical properties, the vapor–liquid equilibrium, as represented by the fluid volatility, is critical. In this study, the volatility of automotive gasoline–diesel fuel (dieseline) blends was determined by the advanced distillation curve method. Distillation curves were constructed for blends of 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90% (v/v) and compared to those of automotive gasoline with octane number 97 and diesel fuel no. 2. The results showed that dieseline volatility is close to that of gasoline at the start of distillation and leans toward that of diesel fuel at the end of the process. A GC-MS analysis of distilled fuel fractions showed that the more labile components of dieseline thermally decomposed at the end of the distillation process. Expe...
Tracking Performance of Leveraged Energy Exchange-Traded Funds

The population of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) has exploded in recent years, with ETFs in a vast array of portfolios tied to specific asset classes, industries, active and passive trading strategies, and so on. In some cases, there are multiple leveraged long and short versions based on the same underlying factor. In this article, Tang and Xu examine nine leveraged ETFs tied to oil. Five are based on portfolios of oil stocks, and the other four use commodity futures to track the price of oil itself. Two main questions are: How correlated are the ETFs with the underlying energy risk factors they are designed to hedge? And, do the leveraged versions succeed in producing their target multiples of the exposure to the oil market? The authors find stock-based ETFs are much more correlated with the stock market than with oil prices, whereas the reverse is true of the crude oil ETFs. But all of the ETFs tend to fall short of their intended multiples, especially over longer holding periods, for several reasons. Tang and Xu decompose the shortfall to see how much is due to the product’s inherent convexity, which causes compounding to produce underperformance; how much comes from discrepancy between the ETF’s market price and its net asset value; and how much is the result of management’s inability to hit their target return even on a single day. All three factors are important and only the “inefficiency” difference between ETF price and NAV (net asset value) does not cumulate over longer holding periods.
Perilestinae in Ecuador and Peru : revisional notes and descriptions (Lestidae : Odonata)

On a recent visit (Dec. 27, 1938) to the insect collections of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, the writer found what appeared to be two undescribed species of the very rare Perilestine dragonflies. Mrs. Elsie Broughton Klots in immediate charge of the collection of Odonata suggested their description. I wish to thank Mrs. Klots and Dr. Frank E. Lutz for this privilege. The holotypes and scanty paratype material of these all remain in the museum.
The Role of Imported Parasites in the Biological Control of the Spotted Alfalfa Aphid in Southern California in 1957

The spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculate (Buckton), is attacked by three imported parasites in southern California. These parasites, Praon palitans Muesebeck, Trioxys utilis Muesebeck, and Aphelinus semiflavus Howard, were studied in three alfalfa fields in three distinct climatic areas in 1957. The roles of native coccinellids and fungus diseases (principally Entomophthora exitialis Hall & Dunn) in the biological control of the aphid were also evaluated. T. maculate was under heavy biotic pressure in all three fields over most of the year. In two of the fields, located at Cawelo and Lancaster, California, the aphid reached economic abundance on only one occasion. In the third field, located at Calexico, California, it did not reach economic status at any time during the year. Coccinellids appeared to play the most important role in the biological control of the aphid in all three fields. Disease of major importance at Calexico. Parasitization reached high levels in each of the plots at certain times and contributed significantly to the biological control of the aphid at each locality. The alfalfa harvesting process appeared to have an adverse effect on the parasites, particularly in midsummer. Periodic invasion of the study fields by large numbers of alate T. maculate had all unfavorable effect on the parasite- host ratio. The parasites seemed to show varying climatic adaptation. P. palitans was dominant at Cawelo and Lancaster, while T. utilis was dominant at Calexico. A. semiflvus was encountered in fair abundance at Cawelo only.