cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DG-Query: An XQuery-based Decision Guidance Query Language

Decision optimization is desired in many strategic business decisions such as those for finding the best production planning in manufacturing. An optimization model may indicate the total cost of a certain supply chain given the various sourcing and transportation options used; the corresponding optimization problem can be to select among all possible sourcing and transportation options to minimize the total cost. Optimization modelling requires considerable mathematical expertise and effort to generate effective models. Additionally, the optimization process is heavily dependent on data. However, optimization languages such as IBMâs ILOG CPLEX OPL and Bell Laboratoriesâ AMPL, do not provide native support for XML (Extensible Markup Language) which has become a ubiquitous standard (W3C) for data exchange between organizations. On the other hand, XQuery is a language for querying and manipulating XML data, similar to SQL for querying a relational database, but XQuery has no optimization functionality. To resolve this gap, this paper proposes DG-Query, an XQuery-based Analytics Language, which addresses the aforementioned issues. This is accomplished by first annotating existing XQuery expressions to precisely express the optimization semantics, and second to translate the annotated queries into an equivalent mathematical programming (MP) formulation that can be solved efficiently. This paper presents DG-Query with examples and provides its formal syntax and semantics. Also included is an implementation method through a reduction to MP formulation.
Recovery of nutrients from swine wastewater using ultrafiltration: Applications for microalgae cultivation in photobioreactors

Abstract The large-scale production of microalgae poses a number of challenges, including a costly fertilizer demand. While wastewater provides a concentrated source of nutrients, the presence of biological contaminants and the expense of heat treatment are challenging for large-scale production. The goal of this study was to use ultrafiltration to purify wastewater for use in the cultivation of microalgae. Swine waste was filtered, and the resulting permeate was utilized in a Porphyridium cruentum culture. Fluxes remained relatively constant during operation, and the complete rejection of bacteria was observed. The permeate contained high concentrations of total nitrogen (695.6 mg L −1 ) and total phosphorus (69.1 mg L −1 ). Higher biomass productivity and lipid contents were observed in the microalgae cultivated in the waste medium compared to that of a control medium. This suggests that, by using ultrafiltration as an alternative to heat treatment, agricultural wastewaters could be utilized as a nutrient source for microalgae.
A multiple metrics approach to prioritizing strategies for measuring and managing reactive nitrogen in the San Joaquin Valley of California

Human alteration of the nitrogen cycle exceeds the safe planetary boundary for the use of reactive nitrogen (Nr). We complement global analysis by analyzing regional mass flows and the relative consequences of multiple chemical forms of Nr as they 'cascade' through multiple environmental media. The goals of this paper are (1) to identify the amounts of Nr that flow through a specific nitrogen rich region, (2) develop multiple metrics to characterize and compare multiple forms of Nr and the different damages that they cause, and (3) to use these metrics to assess the most societally acceptable and cost effective means for addressing the many dimensions of Nr damage. This paper uses a multiple metrics approach that in addition to mass flows considers economic damage, health and mitigation costs and qualitative damages to evaluate options for mitigating Nr flows in California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV). Most analysis focuses attention on agricultural Nr because it is the largest flow in terms of mass. In contrast, the multiple metrics approach identifies mobile source Nr emissions as creating the most economic and health damage in the SJV. Emissions of Nr from mobile sources are smaller than those from crop agriculture and dairy in the SJV, but the benefits of abatement are greater because of reduced health impacts from air pollution, and abatement costs are lower. Our findings illustrate the benefit of a comprehensive multiple metrics approach to Nr management.
On designing optimal memory damage aware caching policies for content-centric networks

Caches in Content-Centric Networks (CCN) are increasingly adopting flash memory based storage owing to its efficiency. The current flash cache technology stores all files with the largest possible "expiry date," i.e., the files are written in the memory so that they are retained for as long as possible. This, however, does not suit the CCN data characteristics where contents are typically short-lived and have a distinct popularity profile. Writing files in cache using the longest retention time damages the flash memory thus reducing the flash lifetime. However, writing using a small retention time can increase the content retrieval delay, since, at the time a file is requested, the file may already have been expired from the memory. This motivates us to propose a joint optimization wherein we obtain optimal policies for jointly minimizing the content retrieval delay (which is a network-centric objective) and the flash damage (which is a device centric objective). Caching decisions now not only involve what to cache and where to cache but also for how long is each file cached. The optimality of our policies are shown analytically, and are compared against prior policies using simulations.
Social Sciences Integration in the Future

In the preceding chapter, a conceptual scheme was developed and illustrated which could prove beneficial to the modern management in its desire to interact with the external environment with the objective of achieving an ideal “interaction-point.” The changing society in which the management will be functioning in the future stresses the need for understanding possible new directions, values, and the attitudes in the environment which will be interacting with the management. This trend is reinforced by the dynamic and pluralistic nature of the business society. An effective administrative strategy will be to combine both the (1) present, and the (2) future considerations of the environment and develop an eclectic viewpoint for the management to navigate itself in a change-oriented society. The purpose of this chapter is to extend the conceptual model (as deployed in Chapter III) over a wider time period by integrating the dimension of futurity and the role of change in its operational structure.
Safety guidelines for space nuclear reactor power and propulsion systems

Publisher Summary This chapter unveils the technology and design options for space reactor power systems and presented design and system integration choices to enhance the safety and reliability of these systems. It is also defined here that the use of these systems should not result in undue radiation exposure to people and astronauts, or damage to property, equipment or space assets. The information provided is offered to stimulate future discussion of the challenging subject of developing safety standards and guidelines for the launch and future peaceful uses of space reactor power and propulsion systems. These include the deployed-in earth orbits and their use for deep space exploration and surface power on the Moon, Mars, and other celestial bodies. Besides these, a number of space reactor designs and power system combinations, for enhancing safety and operation reliability, are presented and discussed. Various factors such as passive operation, decay heat removal, and the absence of single-point failures in the reactor design and the integration of space reactor power systems are desirable characteristics for enhancing safety and operation reliability. Additionally, the use and implementation of autonomous operation schemes and adaptive control capabilities would greatly improve safety and ensure mission success, particularly in deep space exploration.
Didion, Fiction, and Complicity

My interest in Joan Didion's fiction is in the mode of a recovery or revision project. If it seems odd to need to recover the winner of the 2005 National Book Award, in a moment that the New York T...
Valleytronics of III–V solid solutions for thermoelectric application

It is shown that the degeneracy of the bandstructure has different impacts on thermoelectric properties of III–V materials. A comprehensive list of III–V solid solution alloys that can make multi-valley bandstructures is presented and the transport parameters affecting their thermoelectric power factor are discussed. It is shown that in some cases, such as GaxIn1−xP ternary alloy, the power factor is enhanced significantly near the valley convergence point, but in some other cases, such as AlxGa1−xAs, the enhancement is marginal and away from the valley convergence point. Therefore, in addition to the bandstructure engineering, detailed calculation of the transport parameters is also required to determine the optimum alloy composition that can improve the thermoelectric properties.
A REE-in-plagioclase–clinopyroxene thermometer for crustal rocks

A REE-in-plagioclase-clinopyroxene thermometer has been developed on the basis of the temperature- and composition-dependent rare-earth element (REE) partitioning between coexisting plagioclase and clinopyroxene. This two-mineral exchange thermobarometer is constructed using parameters from lattice strain models for REE + Y partitioning in plagioclase and in clinopyroxene that were independently calibrated against experimentally determined mineral-melt partitioning data. An important advantage of this REE-based thermometer is that it can provide accurate temperatures through linear least-squares analysis of REE + Y as a group. Applications of the REE-in-plagioclase-clinopyroxene thermometer to volcanic and cumulate rocks show that temperatures derived from the new thermometer agree well with independently constrained magma crystallization temperatures, which adds confidence to applications of the REE-exchange thermometer to natural rocks with a wide spectrum of composition (i.e., from basalt to rhyolite). However, systematic temperature differences appear between the REE- and Mg-exchange thermometers for the volcanic and cumulate rocks. Through numerical simulations of diffusion in plagioclase-clinopyroxene systems, we demonstrate that (1) due to their slower diffusion rates, REE in minerals preferentially records crystallization or near-crystallization temperatures of the rock, and that (2) Mg is readily rest to lower temperatures for rocks from intermediately or slowly cooled magma bodies but records the initial crystallization temperatures of rocks from rapidly cooled magmas. Given their distinct diffusive responses to temperature changes, REE and Mg closure temperatures recorded by the two thermometers can be used in concert to study thermal and magmatic histories of plagioclase- and clinopyroxene-bearing rocks.
The Patients as Partners Movement and the emerging health leader

Over the past decade, the Patients as Partners Movement has spread throughout healthcare systems across Canada. This movement aims to overcome the paternalistic approach, where the system and its providers act for or deliver services to the patient. Instead, decision-making at all levels is to be shared with the patient. Delivering patient- and family-centred care is the goal of the Patients as Partners Movement and authentic engagement is at its core. This article aims to explore the link between the Patients as Partners Movement and authentic engagement. It will then outline how senior leaders can capitalize on the mindset of emerging leaders and support their development through mentorship and encouraging skill-building in key competencies related to authentic engagement. Support in these areas by senior leaders is suggested to enable the retention and development of a powerful generation of health system leaders who view patients as their partners.
Hypertension and cognitive impairment.

Numerous studies have demonstrated that hypertension increases the risk for cognitive impairment, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease (1-11). In a 5-year longitudinal study of 353 community-dwelling persons, mean age 72 years, increased blood pressure variability was associated with poorer cognitive function (5). In a study of 1,373 persons aged 59 to 71 years of age in France, the risk of cognitive impairment at 4-year assessment was increased 2.8 times in persons with hypertension (2). In persons with hypertension, the risk of cognitive impairment was increased 4.3 times in persons who were not treated with antihypertensive drug therapy versus increased 1.9 times in persons treated with antihypertensive drug therapy (2). In a study of 1,301 persons aged 75 years and older without dementia, at 3-year mean follow-up, persons with hypertension treated with antihypertensive drug therapy had a 30% lower incidence of dementia than persons with hypertension not treated with antihypertensive drug therapy (1).
Ethanol Interactions With Dexmethylphenidate and dl-Methylphenidate Spheroidal Oral Drug Absorption Systems in Healthy Volunteers.

AbstractBackground/PurposeEthanol coadministered with immediate-release dl-methylphenidate (dl-MPH) or dexmethylphenidate (d-MPH) significantly increases the geomean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of d-MPH 22% and 15%, respectively, and elevates overall drug exposure and psychostimulant effects
Vernam, Mauborgne, and Friedman: TheźOne-Time Pad and the Index of Coincidence

The conventional narrative for the invention of the ATT Mauborgne, though, apparently contributed materially to the invention of the two-tape variant. Furthermore, there is reason to suspect that he suggested the need for randomness to Vernam. However, neither Mauborgne, Herbert Yardley, nor anyone at ATT William Friedman definitely did. Finally, we show that Friedman's attacks on the two-tape variant likely led to his invention of the index of coincidence, arguably the single most important publication in the history of cryptanalysis.
Between Hospitality and Inhospitality: The Politics of Migrants Protection in Germany

In Europe, the public discourse on migration opposes narratives of endangered national identities and sovereignties to utilitarian arguments that migrants can restore fiscal balance and demographic dynamism. The notion of hospitality as the foundational basis for granting protection is, however, absent from the debate. In Germany, the initial spirit of organized popular solidarity with refugees and asylum seekers that came in during summer and fall 2015 were soon disillusioned by the unpreparedness of the bureaucracy in processing all asylum claims. As a result of the massive streams of migrants in the recent years, resentment towards migrants, while still marginal in Germany, has become more outspoken. The state’s duty to provide protection to refugees and asylum seekers has become fraught with political considerations that serve bureaucratic interests. Consequently, the provision of protection paradoxically developed into inhospitable practices that disenfranchises migrants and hinders the provision of protection to incoming displaced populations. This article proposes a re-discovery of hospitality by integrating the analyses of Derrida and Hallie. It argues for a politicization of hospitality that can achieved by enabling migrants themselves to enter discourse and fill it with their subjective outlook on their own mobility. Hospitality, as a discursive act that relates the host and the guest on a basis of equality, demarginalizes migrants in the reception country as they are invited into the public space to express their own voices on the migratory processes that they experienced.
Monotasks: Architecting for Performance Clarity in Data Analytics Frameworks

In today's data analytics frameworks, many users struggle to reason about the performance of their workloads. Without an understanding of what factors are most important to performance, users can't determine what configuration parameters to set and what hardware to use to optimize runtime. This paper explores a system architecture designed to make it easy for users to reason about performance bottlenecks. Rather than breaking jobs into tasks that pipeline many resources, as in today's frameworks, we propose breaking jobs into monotasks: units of work that each use a single resource. We demonstrate that explicitly separating the use of different resources simplifies reasoning about performance without sacrificing performance. Monotasks provide job completion times within 9% of Apache Spark for typical scenarios, and lead to a model for job completion time that predicts runtime under different hardware and software configurations with at most 28% error. Furthermore, separating the use of different resources allows for new optimizations to improve performance.
Nanometrology - The Frontier of Precision

Nanotechnology, the engineering that deals with the production of systems whose tolerances lie in the domain of nanometers, is becoming increasingly important in many industrial fields. In order that nanotechnology create viable, commercial products, ultra-precision metrology will be required. We call this new metrology “nanometrology”, and in this paper attempt to address some of the significant challenges faced by nanometrology in this new millenium.
Defending Against Opportunistic Criminals: New Game-Theoretic Frameworks and Algorithms

This paper introduces a new game-theoretic framework and algorithms for addressing opportunistic crime. The Stackelberg Security Game (SSG), which models highly strategic and resourceful adversaries, has become an important computational framework within multiagent systems. Unfortunately, SSG is ill-suited as a framework for handling opportunistic crimes, which are committed by criminals who are less strategic in planning attacks and more flexible in executing them than SSG assumes. Yet, opportunistic crime is what is commonly seen in most urban settings.We therefore introduce the Opportunistic Security Game (OSG), a computational framework to recommend deployment strategies for defenders to control opportunistic crimes. Our first contribution in OSG is a novel model for opportunistic adversaries, who (i) opportunistically and repeatedly seek targets; (ii) react to real-time information at execution time rather than planning attacks in advance; and (iii) have limited observation of defender strategies. Our second contribution to OSG is a new exact algorithm EOSG to optimize defender strategies given our opportunistic adversaries. Our third contribution is the development of a fast heuristic algorithm to solve large-scale OSG problems, exploiting a compact representation.We use urban transportation systems as a critical motivating domain, and provide detailed experimental results based on a real-world system.
Cell Recognition and Specific Synapse Formation

Regenerating neurons in diverse systems, from in-vertebrates to mammals, form synapses specifically with normal targets. In invertebrates specificity of re-innervation is precise between particular axons of identified neurons. Although specificity at the cellular level has not been observed in vertebrates, manipulations of regenerating and target populations of cells have provided detailed information about both the selectivity and specificity of connections. The basis of such cellular recognition is unknown, but may at some stage involve a molecular affinity between cell surfaces.
Hypersonic Combustion — Status and Directions

Man’s imagination has long been sparked by flight. Today sustained manned flight at hypersonic speed remains the largest unexplored region of the possible flight envelope. True aerospace planes flying at near orbital speeds will require a new form of airbreathing engine — the supersonic combustion ramjet or scramjet — and will also be required to “break the thermal barrier” with active fuel cooling of the engine and vehicle to survive. This paper will briefly review the internal flow environment of scramjets and discuss some of the relevant issues which arise in attempts to produce meaningful ground simulations of these flows. Some recent computational studies of the potential influence of injector design variables on performance will be reviewed as an example of the application of CFD to hypersonic combustion modeling. In addition, some projections to the future as to where emphasis should be placed in developing experimental capability and in extending computer modeling will be put forward.
Pathways to Vitality: the Role of Mindfulness and Coping

This study tests perceived stress and three coping strategies (i.e., emotion suppression, reappraisal, and direct action) as mediators in the relationship between mindfulness during stressful events and subjective vitality. Thirty Chinese international students (Mage = 18.67, SD = 0.89) from a large mid-Western university completed an online survey on trait mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire), and then completed daily diary reports each day for 2 weeks about their experiences of stress, coping, subjective vitality, and state mindfulness. Using multilevel path modeling, we found that state mindfulness predicted less perceived stress (bbetween = − 14.14, SE = 4.69, p < .001), less emotional suppression (bbetween = − 0.65, SE = 0.15, p < .001), and greater direct action (bbetween = 0.53, SE = 0.19, p = .01). Further, less perceived stress (ab = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.001, 0.309), less emotional suppression (ab = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.126, 0.600), and greater direct action (ab = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.128, 0.671) mediated the relationship between state mindfulness and subjective vitality. Results also suggested that emotional suppression may be adaptive in the moment (bwithin = 0.13, SE = 0.06, p = .02), yet maladaptive (bbetween = − 0.56, SE = 0.23, p = .02) as a long-term coping strategy for Chinese individuals. Overall, results suggest that mindfulness can help individuals cope with stress by perceiving less stress and encouraging adaptive coping strategies during duress.
Potemkin Redux: Richard Connell’s “The Most Dangerous Game”

Although little regarded today, Richard Connell (1893–1949) was one of the most popular and prolific writers of his generation. A Harvard-educated journalist and an Army veteran of World War I, he ...
Ionic polypeptide tags for protein phase separation

Polyelectrolytes of opposite charge in aqueous solution can undergo a liquid-liquid phase separation known as complex coacervation. Complex coacervation of ampholytic proteins with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes is of increasing interest as it results in a protein rich phase that has potential applications in protein therapeutics, protein purification, and biocatalysis. However, many globular proteins do not phase separate when mixed with an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte, and those that do phase separate do so over narrow concentration, pH, and ionic strength ranges. The protein design factors that govern complex coacervation under varying conditions are still relatively unexplored. Recent work indicates that proteins with an intrinsically disordered region, a higher net charge, or a patch of charged residues are more likely to undergo a phase transition. Based on these design parameters, polyionic coacervation tags were designed and assessed for their ability to promote protein complex coacervation with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The phase behavior of a panel of engineered proteins was evaluated with the strong polycation poly(4-vinyl N-methyl pyridinium iodide). Proteins containing the ionic tags formed liquid coacervate droplets, while isotropically charged protein variants formed solid precipitates. The ionic tags also promoted phase separation at higher salt concentrations than an isotropic distribution of charge on the protein surface. The salt dependence of the protein complex coacervation could be predicted independently for tagged or isotropic variants by the ratio of negative-to-positive residues on the proteins and universally by calculating the distance between like charges. The addition of just a six residue polyionic tag generated a globular protein capable of liquid-liquid phase separation at physiological pH and ionic strength. This model system has provided the initial demonstration that short, ionic polypeptide sequences (6-18 amino acids) can drive the liquid-liquid phase separation of globular proteins.
Modeling safest and optimal emergency evacuation plan for large-scale pedestrians environments

Large-scale events are always vulnerable to natural disasters and man-made chaos which poses great threat to crowd safety. Such events need an appropriate evacuation plan to alleviate the risk of causalities. We propose a modeling framework for large-scale evacuation of pedestrians during emergency situation. Proposed framework presents optimal and safest path evacuation for a hypothetical large-scale crowd scenario. The main aim is to provide the safest and nearest evacuation path because during disastrous situations there is possibility of exit gate blockade and directions of evacuees may have to be changed at run time. For this purpose run time diversions are given to evacuees to ensure their quick and safest exit. In this work, different evacuation algorithms are implemented and compared to determine the optimal solution in terms of evacuation time and crowd safety. The recommended framework incorporates Anylogic simulation environment to design complex spatial environment for large-scale pedestrians as agents.
Near Eastern Landscapes and Declassified U2 Aerial Imagery

Recently declassified photographs taken by U2 spy planes in the 1950s and 1960s provide an important new source of historical aerial imagery useful for Eurasian archaeology. Like other sources of historical imagery, U2 photos provide a window into the past, before modern agriculture and development destroyed many archaeological sites. U2 imagery is older and in many cases higher resolution than CORONA spy satellite imagery, the other major source of historical imagery for Eurasia, and thus can expand the range of archaeological sites and features that can be studied from an aerial perspective. However, there are significant barriers to finding and retrieving U2 imagery of particular locales, and archaeologists have thus not yet widely used it. In this article, we aim to reduce these barriers by describing the U2 photo dataset and how to access it. We also provide the first spatial index of U2 photos for the Middle East. A brief discussion of archaeological case studies drawn from U2 imagery illustrates its merits and limitations. These case studies include investigations of prehistoric mass-kill hunting traps in eastern Jordan, irrigation systems of the first millennium BC Neo-Assyrian Empire in northern Iraq, and twentieth-century marsh communities in southern Iraq.
Dialogic Encounters as Art Education

(2010). Dialogic Encounters as Art Education. Studies in Art Education: Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 375-379.
Combining Strategy Instruction and Principles of Dialogic Pedagogy to Support Primary-Grade Students Story Writing: Results from Cycle 1 of Design Research

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to design and evaluate an instructional approach that combined strategy instruction with principles of dialogic pedagogy to improve the story writing of studen...
Nonlinear Regge trajectories with AdS/QCD

In this work, we consider a nonquadratic dilaton $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Phi}}(z)=(\ensuremath{\kappa}z{)}^{2\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ in the context of the static soft wall model to describe the mass spectrum of a wide range of vector mesons from the light up to the heavy sectors. The effect of this nonquadratic approach is translated into nonlinear Regge trajectories with the generic form ${M}^{2}=a(n+b{)}^{\ensuremath{\nu}}$. We apply this sort of fits for the isovector states of $\ensuremath{\omega}$, $\ensuremath{\phi}$, $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$, and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}$ mesons and compare with the corresponding holographic duals. We also extend these ideas to the heavy-light sector by using the isovector set of parameters to extrapolate the proper values of $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ through the average constituent mass $\overline{m}$ for each mesonic specie considered. In the same direction, we address the description of possible non-$q\overline{q}$ candidates using $\overline{m}$ as a holographic threshold, associated with the structure of the exotic state, to define the values of $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$. We study the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}_{1}$ mesons in the light sector and the ${Z}_{c}$, $Y$, and ${Z}_{b}$ mesons in the heavy sector as possible exotic vector states. Finally, the RMS error for describing these twenty-seven states with fifteen parameters (four values for $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ respectively and seven values for $\overline{m}$) is 12.61%.
Association of lymph node count and survival after primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT).

e17052Background: RPLND for clinical stage (CS) I & IIA/B NSGCT has both staging and therapeutic implications. Single center studies have reported on the impact of lymph node count on outcome after...
Sustaining Coupled Irrigation Infrastructures: Multiple Instruments for Multiple Dilemmas

Abstract In order to smooth the availability of water and address water scarcity, shared irrigation infrastructure is constructed in many irrigation systems. However, maintaining contributions to shared infrastructure has grown increasingly challenging as private infrastructure, such as groundwater pumps, have become attractive substitutes. This problem is especially acute in the semiarid regions of South Asia. We model South Indian tank irrigation systems as an example of a coupled infrastructure system that captures these real-world challenges. We developed a replicator dynamic model to analyze the interactions of multiple policy instruments to address interlinked appropriation and provisioning dilemmas in a coupled infrastructure system. We demonstrate that a fixed fee levied on groundwater users combined with highly differentiated fees on tank users can improve the provision of the shared tank significantly, yield higher profits, and greater equality of livelihoods. However, the presence of private infrastructure limits the ability to credibly implement sufficiently high fees. This institutional complexity is decidedly “second best” – falling well short of the outcomes available if the substitution to private infrastructure were more effectively managed.
Associations between Parent Restrained Eating, Conflict, and Adolescent Eating (in Latinx Sample)

The goal of this study was to improve understanding of the role of family, at multiple levels, in potentially shaping adolescent eating behaviors (i.e., restrained, emotional, and external). To achieve this goal, this study used data from parent–adolescent dyads in ethnic minority families living in poverty, a group that is understudied and disproportionately affected by obesity, to accomplish three primary aims: (1) determine if parental restrained eating behavior is associated with adolescent eating behaviors; (2) examine variation in parent and adolescent perspectives on conflict, and whether source-specific appraisals of conflict are associated with adolescent eating behaviors; and (3) determine whether parent–adolescent conflict mediates the association between parent restrained eating and adolescent eating behaviors. Parents completed a measure of restrained eating and adolescents completed measures of three forms of eating behaviors (i.e., restrained, emotional, and external cues), while parents and adolescents (N = 91) completed reports of parent–adolescent conflict. Greater parent-reported restrained eating was associated with more adolescent-reported restrained, emotional, and external eating. Adolescent-reported parent–adolescent conflict (M = 57.03, SD = 18.37) did not differ significantly from parent-reported parent–adolescent conflict (M = 59.25, SD = 21.40). There was a small, but significant, correlation between parent- and adolescent-reported conflict (r = 0.27, p < 0.05). Greater adolescent-reported parent–adolescent conflict was associated with more emotional and external eating. No evidence of mediation was found for any adolescent eating behavior outcome. The findings underscore the importance of examining adolescent eating behavior in the context of the broader family system.
Plan switching among Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.

Introduction Patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) face substantial challenges in selecting, and remaining enrolled in, health insurance. Little is known about how patients with ADRD experience the Medicare Advantage (MA) program. Methods We used, hospital, outpatient, and post-acute care data to identify MA beneficiaries with and without ADRD in 2014. Multinomial logit models estimated the percentage of people who disenrolled to traditional Medicare (TM) or switched to a different MA plan in 2015. Results Among non-dually eligible beneficiaries, 9.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.0, 9.1) with ADRD disenrolled while 19.7% (95% CI: 19.6, 19.9) switched plans within MA compared to a disenrollment rate of 4.2% (95% CI: 4.2, 4.2) and switching rate of 22.8% (95% CI: 22.9, 22.8) for persons without ADRD. Discussion MA enrollees with ADRD tend to disenroll at substantially higher rates than those without ADRD. This may be indicative of their care needs not being met in the program.
Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities Predict Symptomatic Adjacent Segment Degeneration After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

Introduction Anterior cervical discectomy and fusions (ACDFs) are generally limited to the levels causing neurological symptoms, but whether adjacent asymptomatic levels should be included if they demonstrate severe radiographic degeneration is a matter of controversy. We evaluated whether asymptomatic preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities at adjacent levels were predictive of reoperation for symptomatic adjacent-segment degeneration (ASD) after the initial ACDF. Methods We reviewed patients treated with ACDF in 2000-2010 who had MRIs preoperatively and again ≥3 years after the index surgery to evaluate new neurological symptoms. Patients were stratified by ASD severity score, calculated based on MRI features. The associations between preoperative ASD severity score and reoperation for ASD were evaluated with logistic and Cox regressions after adjusting for covariates. Results Of 1038 patients who underwent ACDF, 96 (9%) had MRI evaluation ≥3 years postoperatively (mean follow-up 78 months). Of the 195 adjacent segments evaluated, 14 (7%) were included in subsequent fusion procedures. The 10-year surgery-free survival estimate was 82.7% (73.4-93.2%). After adjusting for covariates, ASD severity scores were predictive of reoperation only for patients with the highest score (hazard ratio [HR] 4.5 [1.0-19.8]) and those with foraminal stenosis (HR 4.2 [.4-12.7]). However, the prevalence of reoperation for ASD in these groups was only 16% and 15%, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of reoperation for ASD was low for patients who presented with new symptoms ≥3 years after the index ACDF. Our findings do not support including asymptomatic levels in an anterior fusion construct, even if severe MRI abnormalities are present preoperatively.
In Search of the Presumption of Regularity

The presumption of regularity is an imprecise quasi-deference principle that federal courts apply in varying ways to presume federal officers and employees lawfully and consistently discharge their official duties. The presumption gained national significance during the Trump Administration in several key cases in which it was implicated, but never described by the Supreme Court. While the literature and judicial opinions have invoked the presumption, there has been sparse scholarly accounting for its contours, value, and legitimacy. This Article is the first to trace the contemporary domain of the presumption and its applications from its pre-Founding Era source and normatively-recognized 1926 bedrock case. It finds that due to the indeterminacy of the Supreme Court to squarely articulate the presumption and its limiting principles, courts have applied it in at least 14 distinct scenarios that each carry a unique definition. It argues that the presumption of regularity is inaccurately conflated with the presumption of good faith and that several aspects of its modern uses violate separation of powers principles and the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946. This Article makes the case that the Supreme Court or Congress should articulate a lawful, historically supported, and sensible doctrinal standard for the presumption of regularity to benefit each of the branches of the federal government and the American public.
Das Management und die Verhaltenswissenschaften

Fuhrungskrafte werden zusehends mit dem Problem konfrontiert, die Auswirkungen der Verhaltenswissenschaften auf Wirtschaftsorganisationen und Managementpraktiken auszuwerten. Manchmal entsteht die Notwendigkeit, auf Grund eines Vorschlages ein Managemententwicklungs- oder Konsultationsprogramm oder auch neue Arbeitsmethoden einzufuhren, die auf verhaltenswissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen basieren. Manchmal wird auch das Interesse dadurch stark angeregt, das das Management neue Losungen fur brennende Probleme sucht. Auf jeden Fall waren sich Fuhrungskrafte schon lange der moglichen gegenseitigen Beeinflussung von Verhaltenswissenschaften und Management durch Forschung, durch die Veroffentlichung von Artikeln und die Entwicklung von entsprechenden Programmen an wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Hochschulen bewust.
Thermal Structure due to Solid-State Flow in the Mantle Wedge Beneath Arcs

We summarize petrological and seismic constraints on the temperature of arc lower crust and shallow mantle, and show that published thermal models are inconsistent with these constraints. We then present thermal models incorporating temperature-dependent viscosity, using widely accepted values for activation energy and asthenospheric viscosity. These produce thin thermal boundary layers in the wedge corner, and an overall thermal structure that is consistent with other temperature constraints. Some of these models predict partial melting of subducted sediment and/or basalt, even though we did not incorporate the effect of shear heating We obtain these results for subduction of 50 Myr old oceanic crust at 60 km/Myr, and even for subduction of 80 Myr old crust at 80 km/Myr, suggesting that melting of subducted crust may not be not restricted to slow subduction of young oceanic crust.
Dollarization as an Investment Signal in Developing Countries: The Case of Croatia, Czech Republic, Peru, Slovak Republic and Turkey

In dollarized financial systems, there exists a currency mismatch risk that could lead to financial crises. Central Banks in such economies have to adjust their foreign currency policies accordingly. This paper estimates the probability of Central Bankers' intervention in the foreign currency markets in dollarized economies as explained by the volatility measures of the local exchange rate. By employing data from five countries, we show that in controlled inflation environments, not only Central Banks' interventions but also the direction of the interventions can be predicted to a good degree while under high inflation our model fails to provide healthy results.
Quantifying the Distribution of Environmental Outcomes for Regulatory Environmental Justice Analysis

Economists have long been interested in measuring distributional impacts of policy interventions. As environmental justice (EJ) emerged as an ethical issue in the 1970s, the academic literature has provided statistical analyses of the incidence and causes of various environmental outcomes as they relate to race, income and other demographic variables. In the context of regulatory impacts, however, there is a lack of consensus regarding what information is relevant for EJ analysis, and how best to present it. This paper helps frame the discussion by suggesting a set of questions fundamental to regulatory EJ analysis, reviewing past approaches to quantifying distributional equity, and discussing the potential for adapting existing tools to the regulatory context.
Reaction pathways and excited states in H2O2+OH→HO2+H2O: A new ab initio investigation

The mechanism of the hydrogen abstraction reaction H(2)O(2)+OH-->HO(2)+H(2)O in gas phase was revisited using density functional theory and other highly correlated wave function theories. We located two pathways for the reaction, both going through the same intermediate complex OH-H(2)O(2), but via two distinct transition state structures that differ by the orientation of the hydroxyl hydrogen relative to the incipient hydroperoxy hydrogen. The first two excited states were calculated for selected points on the pathways. An avoided crossing between the two excited states was found on the product side of the barrier to H transfer on the ground state surface, near the transition states. We report on the calculation of the rate of the reaction in the gas phase for temperatures in the range of 250-500 K. The findings suggest that the strong temperature dependence of the rate at high temperatures is due to reaction on the low-lying excited state surface over a barrier that is much larger than on the ground state surface.
Gene expression profile in patients' samples with recurrent and persistent squamous cell cancer of head and neck

B23 Gene expression correlation with clinical outcome was studied in samples from patients enrolled in the PH-II clinical trial. Patients had stage IV, locally recurrent, locally persistent squamous cell cancer (SCC). The intra-tumoral mRNA expression level before treatment with hydroxyurea and gemcitabine was determined using microarray analysis (Affymetrix 2.0) and real-time PCR array for DNA damage (SuperArray Inc.). The microarray analysis compared the average gene expression of 3 patients with stable (S) disease to 5 patients with progressive (P) disease. The analysis resulted in a list of 116 genes with significantly different expression levels (p 2-fold) between patients with stable and progressing disease. Genes involved in cancer cell proliferation, cellular movement, and DNA damage are on the list. The top 3 genes with the highest significance, are not well-studied (COL10A1, ADCY2, ITGBL1) and their roles in squamous cell carcinoma is not known. More studies are needed to determine the role these genes play in predicting SCC outcome. The real-time PCR array showed increased expression of the following genes in patients with stable disease (N=4) compared to progressing cases (N=6): GADD45A, GADD45G, FANCG, DDIT3, and MAPK12. The GADD45A and GADD45G expression correlates with the microarray data. Another group of genes were down-regulated in patients with stable disease: EXO1, FEN1, HUS1, IGHMBP2, MAP2K6, MSH2, RAD1, SESN1, PDCD8, PMS2, and XRCC2. These genes might be indicators of the potential outcome of the treatment. Our trial had a limited number of samples. Future studies with a larger number of cases can prove the expression of which gene acts as a potential biomarker to be used as target for therapy.
Análisis económico del derecho de enforcement y regulación

Con motivo de un evento organizado por la Maestria en regulacion de los servicios Publicos, el autor realizo la presente ponencia referida a la aplicacion de los conceptos y metodologia del Analisis economico del Derecho en Enforcement y regulacion. En ese sentido, el autor desarrolla el concepto de enforcement para luego realizar un analisis de como la forma en que se regula tiene distintas consecuencias en el accionar de los individuos y demas agentes economicos, segun sea el sistema de enforcement utilizado. On the occasion of an event organized by the Master Degree Program in regulation of Public services, the author made this presentation about the application of the concepts and methodology of Law & economics of enforcement and regulation. In this regard, the author develops the concept of enforcement, and then he makes an analysis of how the form of regulation has different consequences in the actions of individuals and other agents, depending on the enforcement system used.
Mood Management and Video Rental Choices

Utilizing mood management theory (Zillmann, 1988) and its extension, the mood adjustment approach (Knobloch, 2003), we recruited participants who were entering a video rental store to assess possible links between mood and video choice. This procedure was done to maximize external validity in examining the relationship between mood and media choice. Participants reported on their current mood before entering the store; on exiting they reported on their rental choices. Overall, aspects of the viewing situation (alone vs. with others), mood, and to some extent planned activities for the night were related to video choice but not always in the ways we had predicted. In general, those who felt angry and bored chose fewer dramas; those who felt calm chose more comedies, and those who felt energetic chose more action movies but avoided crime dramas and comedies. Those who felt nervous, however, chose more–not fewer–horror movies. In addition, those who felt sad chose more–not fewer–dramas and crime dramas but a...
In vitro comparison of the maxillary occlusal plane orientation obtained with five facebow systems

Abstract Statement of problem The sagittal and coronal orientation of the maxillary occlusal plane plays an important role in the esthetic and functional outcome of dental prostheses. The accuracy of contemporary facebow transfer systems in transferring this orientation to semiadjustable articulators has not been quantified. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to analyze the sagittal and coronal orientation of the occlusal plane with 5 different facebow transfer systems. Material and methods A phantom head containing a maxillary typodont (control) was oriented so that the Frankfort horizontal plane was horizontal. The angle between the occlusal plane of the maxillary arch of the phantom head and the Frankfort horizontal plane was measured along the sagittal and coronal planes with a digital protractor. Fifteen facebow records using each of 5 facebow transfer systems (test groups) were made on the phantom head containing the maxillary typodont. Diagnostic casts of the maxillary typodont were mounted on semi-adjustable arcon articulators from the facebow records. The same angles measured on the control were measured on the test groups. These angles were compared with the same angle measured on the maxillary arch of the phantom head (control). All measurements were made by 2 operators. Results Significant differences in the sagittal and coronal orientation of the occlusal plane were noted. Compared with the control, the Denar system had the least significant difference in the coronal orientation of the occlusal plane, while the Pana-Mount system had the least significant difference in the sagittal orientation of the occlusal plane. An intergroup comparison of the test groups showed significant differences among the groups. The Kois system showed the greatest difference in the coronal plane orientation, while the Denar system showed the greatest difference in the sagittal plane orientation. Conclusions None of the tested facebow systems exactly replicated the sagittal and coronal orientation of the maxillary occlusal plane. Significant differences in the sagittal and coronal orientation of the occlusal plane were observed between the test groups and the control. Intergroup comparisons revealed significant differences in the sagittal and coronal orientation of the occlusal plane.