cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nuclear interactions of zearalanol-oestrogen receptor complexes in rat liver: A comparison with oestradiol-17β

Abstract Nuclear interactions of α-zearalanol (P-1496) and oestradiol-17β (E 2 ) were compared following binding of these compounds to cytosolic oestrogen receptor. A single dose of P-1496 (400 μg) or E 2 (25 μg) given subcutaneously to ovariectomized female rats resulted in two peaks of nuclear oestrogen-receptor concentrations at approx. 0.5 and 4.5 h and showed no qualitative differences between the two compounds. Under in vitro cell-free conditions, [ 3 H]P-1496 was also able to cause oestrogen receptor retention by liver nuclei. Moreover, analysis of salt-extracted nuclear-bound receptor on sucrose gradients gave similar results to those obtained using [ 3 H]E 2 with a main peak of radioactivity sedimenting at 5S. Using [ 3 H]P-1496, the time-course of nuclear retention was examined in both males and females. These studies showed no sex difference with nuclear-bound radioactivity reaching a plateau between 20–30 min. The ability of oestrogen-receptor complexes to bind to DNA was examined by DNA-cellulose chromatography. Using either [ 3 H]E 2 or [ 3 H]P-1496 as the ligand, qualitative sex differences were shown in the number of peaks present. A comparison of chromatographic patterns obtained with the two ligands suggested close similarities in non-covalent DNA binding between the two compounds, in both males and females. These studies indicate that P-1496 is capable of causing retention of oestrogen receptor by liver nuclei and it binds to DNA in a manner similar to E 2 . Hence, our data do not explain the marked difference in oestrogenic activity observed in vivo between E 2 and P-1496.
What Factors Affect Consumer Acceptance Of In-Game Advertisements?: Click “Like” to Manage Digital Content for Players

In-game advertising (IGA) may offer an attractive opportunity for advertisers to reach an elusive consumer segment if messaging is managed effectively. In this study, the authors applied media uses and gratification theory to investigate factors related to gamers' acceptance of advertisements in online games across various platforms. They also investigated the influence of the acceptance of IGA on gamers' word-of-mouth behavior and attitudes toward brands and products featured in online IGA. Using structural equation modeling as a basis for its hypotheses, the study reveals that "informativeness," entertainment, self-brand congruity, privacy concerns, and invasiveness are associated with online gamer attitudes toward IGA. In turn, attitudes toward IGA are related to word-of-mouth intentions. INSET: Management Slant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Emission and extinction of ground and vapor-condensed silicates from 4 to 14 microns and the 10 micron silicate feature

Emission and absorption spectra from 4 to 14 microns of ground and laser-vaporized olivine and enstatite silicates are compared with the 10-micron emission feature of the Orion Trapezium. The agreement in band center and shape between the amorphous laser-vaporized olivine sample and the Trapezium feature suggests that amorphous silicate grains of approximately olivine composition may be a major constituent of interstellar dust. Differences between the emission and absorption spectral profiles (absorption plus scattering) show characteristics that could be used as a sensitive probe of the morphology of interstellar grain systems when high signal-to-noise ratio (30-100) observational spectra become available.
Ex Ante Evaluation of Alternative Agricultural Policies in Laboratory Posted Bid Markets

Decoupled payments to producers are among reforms in U.S. farm subsidy programs that have been advanced by policy analysts (Orden 2007). These reforms follow an interest in in creasing market orientation in the agricultural sector and minimizing the distorting effects as sociated with tying production decisions and government payments. Decoupled payments are fixed-income transfers independent of the farmer's production choices, output levels, or market conditions. These income transfers do not change per unit returns, so theoretically, they have no direct effect on production deci sions (Beard and Swinbank 2001). One decou pled policy tool receiving attention is a buyout bond. Producers in receipt of a buyout bond would garner a guaranteed stream of income during a transition period of fifteen to twenty five years in exchange for giving up all fu ture government program subsidies. This bond would have financial value and could be sold over its life, allowing producers to receive in come annually or in a lump sum (Orden and Diaz-Bonilla 2005). As policymakers search for options that pro vide nontrade distorting income transfers to agricultural producers, ex ante analyses must be conducted to avoid policy trial and error. There is little empirical evidence regarding how such policies might impact production decisions and what the potential market im pacts might be, given producer's behavior. Our research objective is to assess the potential direct market impacts of a decoupled pol icy alternative called a "buyout bond," using experimental economics methods, specifically laboratory markets, to investigate the issue.
A Social Cognition Model of Consumer Problem Recognition

A social cognition model describing the cognitive determinants of problem recognition is introduced and tested. Problem recognition is hypothesized to be a function of the directional discrepancy between the valence level of the perceived performance of one’s current product and the valence level of a referent (standard of comparison). More specifically, problem recognition is hypothesized to be greatest under negative incongruity, followed by negative congruity, positive congruity, and positive incongruity, respectively. The model was tested in two studies, and the results were consistent with the hypothesis. Advertising implications of the model are discussed in terms of primary demand advertising.
XL-WMSN: cross-layer quality of service protocol for wireless multimedia sensor networks

Energy conservation has been the prime motivation behind the design of conventional protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, recent trends toward high data rate multimedia communication over WSNs demand traffic- and deadline-aware content delivery with minimum energy expenditure. The basic quality of service requirement in wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) is time-bound data delivery. The conventional-layered protocol design solutions are inefficient, as real-time content delivery requires interactions between multiple layers like application for traffic categorization, network for real-time delivery, and media access control (MAC) for prioritized medium access with minimum energy expenditure. In this paper a cross-layer solution (XL-WMSN) is proposed for real-time data delivery. The XL-WMSN provides interaction between energy-based admission control, delay- and interference-aware routing, and dynamic duty cycle assignment at MAC layer. Simulation analysis shows that XL-WMSN increases the probability of delivering multimedia content within their allocated deadline and is more efficient than existing solutions.
Simulation Training for Rapid Assessment and Improved Teamwork-Lessons Learned from a Project Evaluating Clinical Handoffs

Effective communication between clinicians is a crucial component of safe care. High-quality communication may be especially critical during care transitions between clinicians (handoffs). In a two-year quasi-experimental Quality Improvement project, we are using simulation learning to evaluate and improve communication between anesthesia providers and nurses as care is transitioned from the operating room to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Using a multiple baseline, staggered entry, prospective cohort design with repeated measures, we are introducing a training intervention and evaluating its effects on dyadic communication. The primary hypothesis is that simulation-based communication skills training of PACU personnel will significantly improve the quality of handoffs. Clinicians' performance is being compared before and after their training on four dimensions of handoff effectiveness: information transfer; use of best evidence handoff strategies; interpersonal skills; and team behaviors. Clinicia...
dx2−y2 Pairing in the cuprates?

Abstract There has been a wide range of theoretical proposals regarding the pairing mechanism and the structure of the superconducting gap in the cuprate-oxide materials. Here we review one approach which leads to d x 2 − y 2 pairing and discuss some experiments that provide information on the momentum structure of the gap.
Intramolecular tryptophan heme energy transfer in horseradish peroxidase.

— Chain folding of horseradish peroxidase allocates its sole tryptophanyl residue at a distance of 18 A from the active site heme group as determined by electronic energy transfer. This finding confirms that the phosphorescence spectrum observed in the peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of isobutyraldehydc is due to the excited triplet state acetone produced.
Theorizing Identities in a “Just(ly)” Contested Terrain: Practice Theories of Identity amid Critical-Poststructural Debates on Curriculum and Achievement

In K–12 schools throughout the United States, policies intended to increase student achievement, such as those associated with No Child Left Behind, often propagate deficit notions about minoritized students and overlook the interdependence of students’ identities, academic achievement, and classroom contexts. The classroom is an evaluative school setting in which students construct and negotiate multiple identities that are shaped by their ascribed and/or assumed positions as learners and achievers. This article explores how an identities-in-practice theory can reframe pivotal critical and poststructural debates on achievement and curriculum by problematizing conceptions of students’ multiple identities in the interest of education for social justice. Conceptualizing identities as multiple, intersectional, and contextual, as well as mediated by mainstream academic discourses, allows educators to consider how raced, classed, abled, and gendered identities (among many others), shape and inform experiences ...
The Development of Expertise

(1997). The Development of Expertise. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 34-38.
A Simple Model of Guilt with an Application to Unstaffed Roadside Stands

This paper introduces an analyses of the notion of guilt, the"bad feeling" we get when we harm someone. It is suggested that attempts to avoid the experience of guilt help to explain a variety of economic behaviors, such as those surrounding moral hazard in the workplace, voting, or criminal activities. A formal model of guilt is provided and used to explain the existence and other characteristics of unstaffed roadside stands.
Chest wall tumors in childhood and adolescence

Chest wall tumors in childhood and adolescence can be very heterogeneous and may appear at any age from infancy to late adolescence. They can be benign or malignant and secondary or primary. A careful history and physical examination should be followed by adequate imaging studies to delineate the primary tumor and identify possible sites of dissemination. Diagnosis usually requires either a needle or open biopsy which minimizes dissection so that a complete resection can be done later. Most neoplastic lesions require a complete resection, whereas secondary and infectious processes are treated with chemotherapy or antibiotics. Rigid chest wall re-construction has the advantage of eliminating paradoxical respiration and obviating the need for postoperative ventilation. Another advantage is maintenance of chest wall contour.
Individual differences in multiple types of shifting attention.

Many researchers consider costs in shifting attention and mental set to reflect a basic ability to use top-down goal information to guide action. Although switch costs have been used as measures of individuals’ executive function, whether common abilities underlie task set switching across different types of shifting tasks has not been well studied. In 249 participants, we studied whether switch costs in a novel two-choice reaction time task were correlated across variations in two variables: the locus of representation (stimuli were either perceptually available or stored in working memory [WM]) and which of two judgment tasks was performed. Switch costs were asymmetrical, in that it was easier to switch to the easier judgment, and were related to overall and relative processing speed: Switch costs were higher when the task was more difficult. These factors should be accounted for when one is measuring individual differences in switch costs. After controlling for these effects, we found evidence for a common ability underlying switch costs that involved both task set preparation and response selection; however,residual shift costs, which involve only response selection, were uncorrelated across tasks. Correlations among switch costs were substantially higher within task type (e.g., correlations of WM shifting tasks with other WM shifting tasks and of perceptual tasks with perceptual ones), suggesting that there are also processes unique to switching within WM and switching among visible stimuli.
Effects of melt viscosity and thermal stability on polymer gasification

The effects of melt viscosity and thermal stability of a polymeric material on gasification rate under external radiant fluxes from 1.7 to 3.9 W/cm2 are studied. The effects of melt viscosity are determined by using two different initial molecular weight polystyrene (PS) samples (about a factor of 2 difference in molecular weight); the combined effects of thermal stability with melt viscosity are determined by using two different initial molecular weight poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) samples (about a factor of 4 difference in molecular weight). The results show that thermal stability affects gasification rate but that the transport process of the in-depth degradation products through the molten polymer to the sample surface does not significantly affect gasification rate except at low external radiant flux. The global heat of gasification is sensitive enough to differentiate the effects of thermal stability of the sample, but its value also depends on external radiant flux; in addition, it decreases with an increase in exposure time. This indicates that the global heat of gasification is not a unique quantity for a polymeric material.
Biomonitoring Study of Heavy Metals in Blood from a Cement Factory Based Community

Little is known about the effects of cement factory pollution, emissions, and kiln dust on contaminant exposure in human populations, including school environments, in close proximity to these point sources. In Ravena, New York, USA and vicinity, environmental pollution from a local cement plant is considered significant and substantial according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Toxic Release Inventory, published in 2006, 2007, and 2010. We hypothesized that cement factory based communities, such as the one in Ravena, NY, may be differentially exposed to heavy metals, including mercury, via dust, soil, and air in addition to any contributions from fish consumption, dental amalgams, smoking habits, and occupational exposures, etc. Here we report measurements of several heavy metals in blood (Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Se and Al) and, for comparative purposes, total mercury in hair from a local (six-mile radius) population of Caucasian adults and children. We also report and synthesize local atmospheric emissions inventory information and new indoor air data (NYSERDA, 2011) from the local school which is situated directly across the street (within 750 feet) from the cement factory and quarry. In addition, to our human and environmental heavy metal results we also discuss scientific outreach coordination, and public health action opportunities that will likely have wide applicability for other community and environmental health studies confronting similar pollution issues.
The association of diabetes and positive prostate biopsy in a US veteran population

Several studies have shown a protective effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on incidence of prostate cancer; however, the data are not consistent. Moreover, whether or not DM is associated with a positive result among patients referred for prostate biopsy due to abnormal PSA and/or abnormal digital rectal examination is not clear. A retrospective review of 3162 consecutive men who underwent prostate biopsy between January 2000 and July 2009 at the Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center was performed. Men with positive and negative biopsies were compared for various demographic and clinical factors. The data were analyzed using logistic regression models with results expressed as adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). DM was associated with increased odds of positive biopsy in the overall cohort (OR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.01–1.55; P=0.04). Subjects with DM had higher odds of more aggressive disease (Gleason ⩾7) than those without the condition (OR 1.31, 95% CI: 0.98–1.74; P=0.07). Race had no significant impact on these results. In this large series of prostate biopsies, diabetes is associated with higher odds of positive biopsy and higher Gleason grade. More studies investigating the role of DM and its associated comorbidities in prostate carcinogenesis are needed.
Robust mixed ℌ 2 /ℌ ∞ gain-scheduling observer design for removal of NO x sensor ammonia cross sensitivity in selective catalytic reduction systems

This paper focuses on the robust mixed ℌ2/ℌ∞ observer design problem for removal of NOx sensor ammonia cross-sensitivity in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. Due to the ammonia cross-sensitivity, the reading of the NOx sensor is contaminated severely. In order to utilize the concentration of the NOx in the downstream tailpipe, it is desired to design an observer to estimate the actual value of the NOx concentration and the time-varying cross-sensitivity factor. It is assumed that the variation of the cross-sensitivity is bounded. A design approach of the gain-scheduling robust mixed ℌ2/ℌ∞ observer is proposed, in which the gain-scheduling strategy is adaptive to compensate for the nonlinearity and the time-varying parameters in the SCR model. Simulations and comparisons are carried out to show the efficacy and the advantages of the proposed approach over the existing extended Kalman filter on a Diesel engine powertrain.
Application of Scaling in Afterburner Test and Development

Experiments on low pressure combustion performance have been made with three different afterburner models. Tests were carried out in a test rig of 400 mm with inlet temperatures ranging form 898 to 940 K, inlet pressure from 0.77 to 1.51 kg/cm2, and air flow rates from 4.06 to 8.26 kg/sec. The performance data (combustion efficiency and stability) obtained are similar to those obtained with the actual jet engine. Tests of a swirl atomizer and a plain orifice injector with the same fuel flow rates produced similar performance curves. In afterburner development work for a given type of engine, the effect on performance of changing from one type injector to another was less than that of changing stabilizers.Copyright © 1981 by ASME
Reconsidering Theoretical Progress in Organizational and Management Research

Theory development is a high priority in organizational and management research. However, theory development is often equated with building new theory, a practice that is rewarded in the publication process and encouraged by norms that pervade the field. This practice has produced a proliferation of theories, most of which are not exposed to rigorous empirical research that probes core propositions and puts theories at risk. In the interest of theory development, management and organizational research would make better progress if we devoted more attention to theoretical refinement, conducting research that identifies the boundaries and limitations of theories, stages competitive tests between rival theories, and increases the precision of theories so they yield strong predictions that can be falsified. These issues are addressed by the articles that constitute this feature topic, with the goal of enhancing theoretical progress in management and organizational research.
Preschool boys with oppositional defiant disorder: clinical presentation and diagnostic change.

ABSTRACT Objective Little is known about the clinical presentation and course of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) when first diagnosed in the preschool years. Patterns of ODD symptomatology, comorbidity, persistence of disorder, and predictors of diagnostic outcome were examined in clinic-referred preschool boys. Method Boys (aged 4-5.5 years) with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of ODD were prospectively followed over a 2-year period. Multiple assessment procedures were used, including a modified version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children and parent and teacher ratings. Results Ninety-two boys (mean age 56.9 months) with ODD were followed; 42 had comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Among 79 boys assessed 2 years later, 76% had ODD, ADHD, or both. Of those, 25% had other diagnoses as well, primarily anxiety and/or mood disorders. Conduct disorder was rare. Subjects with comorbid ODD/ADHD at intake were significantly more likely to have a psychiatric disorder at follow-up, especially ADHD alone. Conclusions The findings suggest that ODD in the preschool period is a clear indicator of high risk, especially when co-occurring with ADHD. Further investigation of individual patterns of ODD symptom expression is recommended.
Effects of mixing on morphology, rheology, and mechanical properties of blends of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene with linear low‐density polyethylene

Various blends of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) were prepared in an internal (Banbury type) mixer, a static mixer, and by solvent blending. Two mixing techniques, namely simultaneous and sequential loading methods, were employed with the internal mixer. In the former case, the two polymer components were simultaneously loaded at 180°C and mixed. The latter method allowed the UHMWPE component to diffuse at 250°C and cooled it down to 180°C, then the LLDPE component was added subsequently and mixed. Rheological and mechanical properties of these blends are profoundly affected by the mixing techniques used. Rheological results shows yield characteristics of UHMWPE/LLDPE blends, in particular in blends of high UHMWPE contents. Tensile properties of sequentially loaded blends vary more or less linearly with blend compositions. However, negative or positive deviations are seen in the simultaneously prepared blends. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies indicate that co-crystallization takes place between UHMWPE and LLDPE components in sequentially mixed blends. DSC and small-angle light scattering (SALS) studies show that separate crystallization takes place in simultaneously blended compounds as a result of poor mixing. It seems that the sequential loading method provides more homogeneous compounds than those of simultaneous blending.
Some mixed boundary value problems of elasticity in a rectangular domain

Abstract The general case of a rectangular elastic body in plane strain, when two parallel edges are traction free and mixed conditions are prescribed on the remaining edges, is formulated in terms of a system of two Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The type of mixed boundary conditions may arise due to compression by smooth punches or some periodic arrangement of a system of cracks in an infinitely long strip. Indentation of a rectangular body by a flat and a parabolic punch is discussed in some detail and numerical results are reported for quantities of practical interests.
Authenticity and availability in PIPE networks

We describe a system, which we call a peer-to-peer information preservation and exchange (PIPE) network, for protecting, digital data collections from failure. A significant challenge in such networks is ensuring that documents are replicated and accessible despite malicious sites which may delete data, refuse to serve data, or serve an altered version of the data. We enumerate the services of PIPE networks, discuss a threat model for malicious sites, and propose basic solutions for managing these malicious sites. The basic solutions are inefficient, but demonstrate that a secure system can be built. We also sketch ways to improve efficiency.
Laser ranging error budget for the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite

A laser ranging error budget is detailed, and a specific error budget is derived for the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite. A ranging uncertainty of 0.76 cm is predicted for TOPEX/POSEIDON at 20 degrees elevation using the presently designed laser retroreflector array and only modest improvements in present system operations. Atmospheric refraction and satellite attitude effects cause the predicted range error to vary with satellite elevation angle from 0.71 cm at zenith to 0.76 cm at 20 degrees elevation. This a priori error budget compares well with the ~1.2-cm rms a posteriori polynomial orbital fit using existing data taken for an extant satellite of similar size and orbit.
Size Matters (but So Does Time), and It's OK to Be Different

In this issue of Developmental Cell , Layalle et al. reveal new insights into how nutrition controls body size in Drosophila . Nutrition specifically affects the activity of target of rapamycin (TOR) in the prothoracic gland. Under low-nutrition conditions, TOR suppresses ecdysone secretion—which otherwise terminates larval development—thereby prolonging growth and allowing larvae to still attain a near-normal body size.
Forced planetary waves in a two-level model and evaluation of the upper boundary condition

Abstract Stationary planetary waves forced by orography and diabatic beating are studied using a quasi-geostrophic two-level model on a beta-plane. This study extends a previous one by Trenberth to include the effects of a baroclinic atmosphere with zonal mean wind shear. With the introduction of vertical shear, the temperature field is no longer locked onto the heating field and can become orthogonal so that even though the wave is thermally forced there may not be any generation or loss of energy by diabatic heating. The presence of both thermal and orographic forcing together violates the conditions of nonacceleration of the zonal mean flow. The induced changes in the zonal mean flow strongly depend upon the relative phase of the thermal and orographic forcing. With a specified diabatic heating field, the eddy fluxes and changes of zonal mean flow are not sensitive to the strength of the mean zonal wind shear. By increasing the wind shear, however, the vertically propagating waves become trapped. The t...
PSA Changes in Early Prostate Cancer: Implications for Patient Management

Abstract Traditionally, clinicians have used prognostic factors such as disease stage, tumour grade, nodal status and pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level to stratify patients for risk of disease recurrence after primary therapy. More recently, evidence from a number of studies indicates that PSA doubling time (PSADT) subsequent to biochemical failure may also be useful in predicting clinical progression. Men with a short PSADT (
The adhesive droplet of capilliconidia of Basidiobolus ranarum exhibits unique ultrastructural features

The capilliconidia of Basidiobolus ranarum produce an apical droplet of extracellular material that aids in dispersal by arthropods, such as mites and termites. Electron microscopic examination ofthe ad? hesive material comprising the haptor of capilliconidia has shown it to consist of an electron-dense band di- rectly around the capilliconidial beak from which sin- uous fibrous filaments extend radially. These filaments are partially digestible with proteinase-K and measure 18-20 nm wide by 3-4 (im long. Interspersed among the filaments are double membrane-bound ovoid or? ganelles that are 0.2-0.3 fxm x 0.3-0.4 /um and which contain electron-dense granular contents. Overlying the layer of sinuous filaments is a looser layer of coarsely fibrogranular material that, in turn, is covered with an outermost layer of densely granular material. What are interpreted to be earlier stages of adhesive for? mation exhibit an almost homogeneous appearance of the haptor material. No clearly defined wall or mem? brane delimits the droplet surface. A comparison is made between this adhesive material and that reported for other fungi.
Fully developed flow in a curved pipe of arbitrary curvature ratio

It is generally assumed in curved pipe flow analyses that the curvature ratio, δ, of the pipe is very small, in which case the flow depends on a single parameter, the Dean number. This is not the case if δ is not very small. To determine the importance of this effect we have numerically solved the full Navier-Stokes equations, in primitive variable form, for arbitrary values of δ. A factored ADI finite-difference scheme has been used, employing Chorin's artificial compressibility technique. The results show that the central-difference calculation on a staggered grid is stable, without adding artificial damping terms, due to coupling between pressure and velocity. A spatially variable time step is used with a fixed Courant number.
Combined distal tibial rotational osteotomy and proximal growth plate modulation for treatment of infantile Blount's disease.

Infantile Blount’s disease is a condition that causes genu varum and internal tibial torsion. Treatment options include observation, orthotics, corrective osteotomy, elevation of the medial tibial plateau, resection of a physeal bar, lateral hemi-epiphysiodesis, and guided growth of the proximal tibial physis. Each of these treatment options has its disadvantages. Treating the coronal deformity alone (genu varum) will result in persistence of the internal tibial torsion (the axial deformity). In this report, we describe the combination of lateral growth modulation and distal tibial external rotation osteotomy to correct all the elements of the disease. This has not been described before for treatment of Blount’s disease. Both coronal and axial deformities were corrected in this patient. We propose this combination (rather than the lateral growth modulation alone) as the method of treatment for early stages of Blount’s disease as it corrects both elements of the disease and in the same time avoids the complications of proximal tibial osteotomy.
Uncertainty propagation for effective reduced-order model generation

Abstract This work describes a procedure to quantify effective uncertainty propagation through the development of a reduced-order model. To accomplish this objective, the concept of a random fuzzy variable is applied to represent both random and systematic errors associated with uncertain variables. A procedure to obtain feasible combinations of multiple uncertain variables is described. To predict the output probabilistic measure accurately with a minimum number of sample, efficient sampling that combines the techniques of Latin hypercube sampling and Hammersley sequence pairing is used. Based on the output data a reduced-order model is generated using the well known Karhunen-Loeve expansion. The results show that the outputs of the reduced-order model track the outputs of the nonlinear physics-based model satisfactorily. A chemical reactor is used to demonstrate the concepts.
The Impermanence of Permanence: Questioning Permanence As a Central Tenant of Sustainability

For architects, the aspiration to leave a legacy manifests itself through the creation of longstanding structures. As such, permanence is a central proponent of many definitions of sustainability, including those of architect William McDonough and the Congress for New Urbanism. There are, however, issues with thinking in terms of these “permanent” solutions. The fast-pace of technological advances coupled with the desire to rush new technology to implementation engenders two of the main issues with permanence. First, the lifespan of a building often far outlasts the relevancy of its performative systems, and second, new sustainable strategies are frequently implemented before their effectiveness can be quantified. Impermanent thinking – which in architecture refers to design meant to be deployed and dismantled on a shorter timeframe – offers a solution. Impermanent structures often leave minimal to no lasting site impacts, cost less, and are made of recyclable or “waste” materials. Their temporary nature allows the utilization of rapid prototyping techniques to test highly experimental new technologies at minimal costs. Using Eastern philosophy and economic and social theories, this paper has made an argument for abandoning this restrictive nature of permanence in favor of adopting a transient approach to sustainability more in line with impermanence.
Proper orthogonal decompositions in multifidelity uncertainty quantification of complex simulation models

We investigate uncertainty propagation in the context of high-end complex simulation codes, whose runtime on one configuration is on the order of the total limit of computational resources. To this end, we study the use of lower-fidelity data generated by proper orthogonal decomposition-based model reduction. A Gaussian process approach is used to model the difference between the higher-fidelity and the lower-fidelity data. The approach circumvents the extensive sampling of model outputs – impossible in our context – by substituting abundant, lower-fidelity data in place of high-fidelity data. This enables uncertainty analysis while accounting for the reduction in information caused by the model reduction. We test the approach on Navier–Stokes flow models: first on a simplified code and then using the scalable high-fidelity fluid mechanics solver Nek5000. We demonstrate that the approach can give reasonably accurate while conservative error estimates of important statistics including high quantiles of the...
Determination of individual porphyrins in rodent urine using high-performance liquid chromatography following clean-up by anion-exchange chromatography.

Abstract We describe a method for the rapid clean-up of rodent urine samples prior to the analysis of porphyrin carboxylic acids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. A simple pretreatment step using chromatography on a Dowex 1X8 anion-exchange resin effectively removes fluorescent substances that are present in rodent urine and would otherwise interfere with the detection and quantitation of urinary prophyrins by HPLC. Recovery of porphyrins with four to eight carboxyl groups (coproporphyrin to uroporphyrin) averaged 93% using this procedure. The use of this method to determine the amount of individual porphyrins present in the urine of hexachlorobenzene-treated mice is illustrated.
Object detection in natural backgrounds predicted by discrimination performance and models

Many models of visual performance predict image discriminability, the visibility of the difference between a pair of images. We compared the ability of three image discrimination models to predict the detectability of objects embedded in natural backgrounds. The three models were: a multiple channel Cortex transform model with within-channel masking; a single channel contrast sensitivity filter model; and a digital image difference metric. Each model used a Minkowski distance metric (generalized vector magnitude) to summate absolute differences between the background and object plus background images. For each model, this summation was implemented with three different exponents: 2, 4 and infinity. In addition, each combination of model and summation exponent was implemented with and without a simple contrast gain factor. The model outputs were compared to measures of object detectability obtained from 19 observers. Among the models without the contrast gain factor, the multiple channel model with a summation exponent of 4 performed best, predicting the pattern of observer d's with an RMS error of 2.3 dB. The contrast gain factor improved the predictions of all three models for all three exponents. With the factor, the best exponent was 4 for all three models, and their prediction errors were near 1 dB. These results demonstrate that image discrimination models can predict the relative detectability of objects in natural scenes.
Spatial and Temporal Expression of Cold-responsive DEAD-box RNA Helicases Reveals their Functional Roles During Embryogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

DEAD-box RNA helicases compose a large subfamily of RNA helicases found in all eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Functional DEAD-box RNA helicases are considered to be RNA chaperones that modify RNA secondary structure and perhaps three-dimensional structures during different cellular processes involving RNA metabolism. Although a relationship of DEAD-box RNA helicases to abiotic stress adaptation is known, few reports document the involvement of RNA helicases during plant growth and development. In this study, detailed analyses were performed for two cold-responsive DEAD-box RNA helicases, AtRH22 and AtRH52, on the transcript level during different developmental stages of Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression levels of AtRH22 and AtRH52 were up-regulated markedly in response to cold stress and were enriched in shoot apical meristems, floral buds, and siliques. The expression of AtRH22 and AtRH52 was spatiotemporally regulated during vegetative growth, floral transition and embryonic development. To investigate, the functional role of AtRH22 and AtRH52 in A. thaliana, we functionally characterized independent T-DNA insertion mutant lines for both genes. Genotypic analysis of self-fertilized heterozygous lines revealed only heterozygous (WT/T-DNA) and homozygous wild-type progeny for AtRH22 and AtRH52. Self-fertilized heterozygous mutants of AtRH22 and AtRH52 show normal vegetative phenotype, but produced normal-sized and abortive seeds. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the cold-responsive AtRH22 and AtRH52 genes are spatiotemporally regulated during plant development and are essential during Arabidopsis embryogenesis.
Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis: A new subgroup of purulent vaginitis responsive to topical 2% clindamycin therapy

Objective: Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis is an uncommon clinical syndrome of unknown cause characterized by diffuse exudative vaginitis, epithelial cell exfoliation, and a profuse purulent vaginal discharge. The purpose of this report is to describe 51 patients with desquamative inflammatory vaginitis, the majority of whom were treated with 2% topical clindamycin in an open observational study. Study Design: A retrospective chart review found 51 patients seen in a referral university vaginitis clinic between 1987 and 1993 who met the case definition of desquamative inflammatory vaginitis. All patients had diffuse exudative purulent vaginitis, signs of epithelial cell exfoliation (increased parabasal cells), elevated vaginal pH, and Gram stain findings of complete or relative absence of the normal long gram-positive bacilli and their replacement by gram-positive cocci. Results: No consistent microbiologic pathogen was identified except for the absence of lactobacilli and an overall increase in prevalence of group B streptococci. Intravaginal treatment with 2% clindamycin suppositories resulted in clinical improvement in > 95% of patients and, although relapse occurred in 30%, overall antimicrobial cure was accomplished in all patients. Postmenopausal patients with desquamative inflammatory vaginitis occasionally required supplementary estrogen therapy to maintain remission. Conclusion: Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis responsive to topical clindamycin 2% therapy represents an uncommon cause of purulent vaginitis with unique clinical and laboratory characteristics. Evidence suggests a microbial, possibly gram-positive coccal, cause for this syndrome, although a specific bacterial species responsible for all cases has not been identified. The majority of cases occurred in patients in whom estrogen deficiency may have played a role in pathogenesis.
An X-ray Absorption Study of Two VOCl3-Modified Silicas: Evidence for Chloride-Silica Interactions

The structures of the sites formed in the gas−solid reactions of VOCl3 with the surfaces of a fumed silica (Aerosil) and a silica gel (Sylopol) were investigated by using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. XANES and EXAFS analysis at the vanadium K-edge reveal that the sites have a uniform first coordination sphere regardless of the origin or the extent of hydroxylation of the silica support (controlled by thermal treatment in vacuo at 100 and 500 °C). Analysis of the second coordination sphere was limited by the lack of structural uniformity. EXAFS curve-fitting confirmed that the sites are ⋮SiOVOCl2, but revealed an unexpected asymmetry in the V−Cl bond distances. The latter is suggested to be a manifestation of silicon−chloride interactions.
The characterization of heat transfer fluid P-NF aerosol combustion: Ignitable region and flame development

Abstract Heat transfer fluids tend to form aerosols due to the operating conditions at high pressure when accidental leaking occurs in pipelines or storage vessels, which may cause serious fires and explosions. Due to the physical property complexity of aerosols, it is difficult to define a standard term of “flammability limits” as is possible for gases. The study discussed in this paper primarily focuses on the characterization of ignition conditions and flame development of heat transfer fluid aerosols. The flammable region of a widely-used commercial heat transfer fluid, Paratherm NF (P-NF), was analyzed by electro-spray generation with a laser diffraction particle analysis method. The aerosol ignition behavior depends on the droplet size and concentration of the aerosol. From the adjustment of differently applied electro-spray voltages (7–10 kV) and various liquid feeding rates, a flammable condition distribution was obtained by comparison of droplet size and concentration. An appropriate amount (0.3–1.2 ppm) of smaller droplets (80–110 μm) existing in a given space could result in successful flame formation, while larger droplets (up to 190 μm) have a relatively narrowed range of flammable conditions (0.7–0.9 ppm). It is possible to generate a more useful reference for industry and lab scale consideration when handling liquids. This paper provides initial flammability criteria for analyzing P-NF aerosol fire hazards in terms of droplet size and volumetric concentration, discusses the observation of aerosol combustion processes, and summarizes an ignition delay phenomenon. All of the fundamental study results are to be applied to practical cases with fire hazards analysis, pressurized liquid handling, and mitigation system design once there is a better understanding of aerosols formed by high-flash point materials.
Attenuation of the suppressive activity of cellular splicing factor SRSF3 by Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus ORF57 protein is required for RNA splicing

Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) ORF57 is a multifunctional post-transcriptional regulator essential for viral gene expression during KSHV lytic infection. ORF57 requires interactions with various cellular proteins for its function. Here, we identified serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3, formerly known as SRp20) as a cellular cofactor involved in ORF57-mediated splicing of KSHV K8β RNA. In the absence of ORF57, SRSF3 binds to a suboptimal K8β intron and inhibits K8β splicing. Knockdown of SRSF3 promotes K8β splicing, mimicking the effect of ORF57. The N-terminal half of ORF57 binds to the RNA recognition motif of SRSF3, which prevents SRSF3 from associating with the K8β intron RNA and therefore attenuates the suppressive effect of SRSF3 on K8β splicing. ORF57 also promotes splicing of heterologous non-KSHV transcripts that are negatively regulated by SRSF3, indicating that the effect of ORF57 on SRSF3 activity is independent of RNA target. SPEN proteins, previously identified as ORF57-interacting partners, suppress ORF57 splicing activity by displacing ORF57 from SRSF3–RNA complexes. In summary, we have identified modulation of SRSF3 activity as the molecular mechanism by which ORF57 promotes RNA splicing.
Elevated intraocular pressure secondary to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Elevated intraocular pressure secondary to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was described by Ariah Schwartz in 1972, an entity commonly known as Schwartz's syndrome. Photoreceptor outer segments identified in the aqueous of patients with this syndrome are thought to play a role in the elevation of the intraocular pressure. We present two patients with open angles and elevated intraocular pressure associated with retinal detachment. Retinal reattachment surgery resulted in normalization of the intraocular pressure. Electron microscopic examination of aqueous specimens from our patients demonstrated a predominance of photoreceptor outer segments in varying stages of degeneration. In these specimens, inflammatory cells, fibrin, and pigment granules were rarely observed or were absent. We review the literature regarding the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and pathogenesis of Schwartz's syndrome.
A synopsis of the phylogeny and paleobiology of Amphipithecidae, South Asian middle and late Eocene primates

Amphipithecidae of late middle Eocene to late Eocene of Myanmar and Thailand is a phylogenetically enigmatic group that some place with Anthropoidea and others with Adapoidea. A linkage with adapoids is hard to demonstrate because it relies largely on a series of similarities that are arguably symplesiomorphies of Primates as a whole. The possibility that amphipithecids are specially related to crown anthropoids (e.g. Aegyptopithecus) is suggested by some shared-derived dental and gnathic anatomy. The postcranial anatomy indicates that the amphipithecids, if they are anthropoids, are probably a distantly related stem group outside the clade of African late Eocene-to-Recent anthropoids. Even the stem-group anthropoid status of amphipithecids is not supported by the absence of postorbital closure and enlarged olfactory bulbs, since postorbital closure and reduced olfactory bulbs characterize a more inclusive crown haplorhine clade of Tarsius plus Anthropoidea. An appealing possibility is that amphipithecids are basal haplorhines whose divergence would have predated the Tarsius–Anthropoidea split. Larger amphipithecids equal or exceed the body size of the largest known Eocene primates. Dental and mandibular anatomy suggests these large-bodied amphipithecids were fruit and hard-object (nut) feeders. A more primitive contemporary amphipithecid, Myanmarpithecus, was smaller, about 1–2 kg, and its cheek teeth suggest a frugivorous diet but do not imply seed eating. The humerus and calcaneus of a large amphipithecid from Myanmar (Pondaungia or Amphipithecus) suggest a slow-moving arboreal quadrupedal locomotion like that of lorises. A talus of an amphipithcid is more suggestive of an active arboreal quadruped.