cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward an Operational Land Surface Temperature Algorithm for GOES

AbstractFor most land surface temperature (LST) regression algorithms, a set of optimized coefficients is determined by manual separation of the different subdivisions of atmospheric and surface conditions. In this study, a machine-learning technique, the regression tree (RT) technique, is introduced with the aim of automatically finding these subranges and the thresholds for the stratification of regression coefficients. The use of RT techniques in LST retrieval has the potential to contribute to the determination of optimal regression relationships under different conditions. Because of the lack of split-window channels for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) M–Q series (GOES-12–GOES-15, plus GOES-Q), a dual-window LST algorithm was developed by combining the infrared 11-μm channel with the shortwave-infrared (SWIR) 3.9-μm channel, which presents lower atmospheric absorption than does the infrared split-window channels (11 and 12 μm). The RT technique was introduced to derive th...
THE HUMAN CUTANEOUS BASEMENT MEMBRANE-ANCHORING FIBRIL COMPLEX: PREPARATION AND ULTRASTRUCTURE

The human cutaneous basement membrane (CBM) has been isolated together with the anchoring fibrils (AF) of the dermis. These structures are removed from the dermis as a single complex, the CBM-AF complex. The epidermis is first removed from the dermis by immersion of whole, defatted skin in cold 2 N NaSCN for 5 to 6 hr. Subsequently, removal of the CBM-AF complex is effected by focusing high-intensity ultrasonic energy against the dermal surface. Purification of the preparation is achieved by low-speed sedimentation. All stages of the process were monitored by electron microscopy, which demonstrated that the morphology of the CBM-AF complex was well preserved and that this complex represents the principal mass component in the system. In addition, our report describes an ultrasound-induced variation in collagen fibril morphology, which we have called "disordered collagen." This altered type of fibril lacks periodicity or recognizable banding and has a frayed appearance. Finally, the experiments provide the basis for an analysis of the relative strengths of certain bonds at the dermal—epidermal junction. The strongest of these appears to be the bond between basement membrane and anchoring fibril.
AIDS-Related Malignancies: the Emerging Epidemic

The incidence of three malignancies has increased in conjunction with the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, and they are currently considered acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining conditions. These are Kaposi's sarcoma, associated with AIDS since the onset of the epidemic in 1981; intermediate or high-grade B-cell lymphoma, which became AIDS-defining in 1985; and cervical carcinoma in HIV-infected women, formally recognized as an AIDS-defining diagnosis on January 1, 1993. Approximately 40% of all patients with AIDS have developed cancer during the course of HIV infection. Further, as survival has improved in HIV disease, the incidence of these malignancies has increased. It is thus expected that greater numbers of patients with AIDS-related lymphoma and cervical cancer will be diagnosed in the years ahead. The epidemiologic factors associated with neoplastic disease differ among patients with the three AIDS-related malignancies. The pathogenesis of neoplastic disease also differs. The specific etiologic steps in the development of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoma are currently unknown. However, a great deal of information has already been acquired, which may have bearing on the pathogenesis of malignant disease in general, as well as the elucidation of future therapeutic modalities. The specific epidemiologic, etiologic, and clinical characteristics of the AIDS-related malignancies will be described herein. It is hoped that this review will serve to outline our current understanding of this area, to introduce the questions and controversies which are apparent in the field, and to mention those areas in which future research might be focused.
Confidence in Technologies: Interaction Between Publics and Industries

Confidence in the safety of industrial or technological activities is examined in three communities hosting industrial facilities, as well as in a series of communities affected by low-flying jet aircraft. The case studies produced a number of findings which have significant implications for risk communication, including (1) the existence of several audiences for risk communicators, even within a single community; (2) the appropriateness of different risk messages; and (3) the effect of historical and continuing interactions between industries and communities on the types of situations that escalate to crises as well as on the types of risk messages that are appropriate and trusted within industrial communities.
Improving Resident Performance in Acute Stroke Management Through Simulation Based Training (P5.152)

OBJECTIVE: To improve Neurology resident knowledge and confidence in the early management of acute stroke. BACKGROUND: While the American Stroke Association provides best practice guidelines for achieving door-to-needle (DTN) times under 60 minutes and emphasizes a team based approach, they do not delineate a strategy for educating Stroke team members on acute stroke management and interdisciplinary collaboration. To this end, we designed an innovative simulation-based acute stroke curriculum for Neurology residents, who are among the initial responders when a stroke code is activated. DESIGN/METHODS: Prior to simulation training each resident completed an online NIHSS certification. Each individual resident completed a simulated stroke code, while others observed via a live video feed to facilitate group discussion. Debriefing sessions after each case included resident self-assessment, communication skills, Get With the Guideline targets, NIHSS performance, t-PA eligibility, stroke mimics, interpretation of imaging, blood pressure control, and intracerebral hemorrhage management. Residents completed surveys and multiple-choice exams before and after simulation to assess confidence and knowledge of acute stroke management. RESULTS: After simulation training, residents felt more comfortable with their knowledge base and ability to manage acute strokes. Residents enjoyed the experience and wanted more simulation sessions. Medical knowledge as assessed by pre and post intervention multiple-choice test scores improved though it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Simulation training is a welcome addition to traditional lecture based education with subjective and objective improvements in resident knowledge and confidence. Further study is needed to see if gains are maintained throughout the year and if patient outcomes are improved. Interdisciplinary simulation training with ER physicians and nurses may enhance teamwork during acute stroke codes. Disclosure: Dr. Johnsen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Catanese has nothing to disclose. Dr. Clark has nothing to disclose. Dr. Grimes has nothing to disclose. Dr. Saunders has nothing to disclose. Dr. Corey has nothing to disclose. Dr. Masoud has nothing to disclose.
Signal-transducing function of Na+-K+-ATPase is essential for ouabain's effect on [Ca2+]i in rat cardiac myocytes.

We showed before that Na+-K+-ATPase is also a signal transducer in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Binding of ouabain to the enzyme activates multiple signal pathways that regulate cell growth. The ...
Acoustic output as measured by mechanical and thermal indices during routine obstetric ultrasound examinations.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to quantify the acoustic output of clinical ultrasound instruments, as expressed by the thermal index (TI) and mechanical index (MI), during routine obstetric examinations. Methods. A prospective, observational study was conducted. Sonographers were unaware of the data being sought. Data were collected regarding duration of the examination and specific duration spent at each MI and TI. Results. A total of 11 first-trimester, 14 second-trimester, and 12 third-trimester examinations were evaluated. The mean duration of the first-trimester examination was 8.9 minutes. The mean MI was 0.73 (range, 0.3‐1.3), and the mean TI was 0.34 (0.1‐1.7). The mean duration of the second-trimester examination was 31.8 minutes. The mean MI was 1.04 (0.5‐1.5), and the mean TI was 0.28 (0.1‐2.4). The mean duration of the third-trimester examination was 16.3 minutes. The mean MI was 1.06 (0.2‐1.5), and the mean TI was 0.32 (0.1‐2.4). Statistical significance existed across trimesters with regard to examination durations and MI (P < .001). However, no statistical significance existed in the TI across trimesters. During the third trimester, 3.5% of the examinations had a TI of greater than 1.0. Of these, 2.4% were between 1.0 and 1.49 and 1.1% were greater than 1.5. These changes (of TI ≥ 1) were brief (mean ± SD, 0.17 ± 0.08 minutes) and were observed during the short periods of color Doppler imaging. Conclusions. Output levels during routine obstetric ultrasound examinations, as expressed by the MI and TI, are generally low. However, higher output levels, particularly TI levels of greater than 1.5, can be achieved, although they account
Knowledge of Cancer Stage among Women with Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer.

Abstract Background: Discrepancies may exist between what oncologists communicate and what patients understand about their cancer stage and its implications. Objective: We explored patients' ability to identify their stage of breast cancer. Methods: As part of a study testing a cancer self-management intervention we asked women to identify their stage of disease and compared responses to the electronic medical record (EMR) for validation. The sample included women with recently diagnosed nonmetastatic (stage I-III) disease. We calculated descriptive statistics and used logistic regression to examine relationships between knowledge of stage, demographic and clinical variables, and study outcomes. Measurement instruments were the Control Preferences Scale (CPS), Knowledge of Care Options Test (KOCO), Measurement of Transitions Scale (MOT), Medical Communication Competence Scale (MCCS), Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSE), Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS-C), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scal...
High Trade Costs and Their Consequences: An Estimated Dynamic Model of African Agricultural Storage and Trade

How large are trade costs in the world’s poorest countries and what are their consequences? I explore this question using a new dataset of monthly prices and production of 6 staple grains from 2003 to 2013 in 230 market catchment areas covering all 42 countries of continental subSaharan Africa. Using a new approach to identify cost parameters when trade and storage are unobserved, I estimate and solve a dynamic model including storage in each of the 230 markets, overland trade between them, and trade with the world market through 30 ports. I nd median intra-national trade costs over 5 times higher than elsewhere in the world along with signicant extra costs for trade across borders and with the world market. I then simulate a counterfactual in which trade costs for staple grains are lowered to match an international benchmark. Lowering trade costs results in a 46% drop in the average food price index, a 42% loss of net agricultural revenues, and a welfare gain equivalent to 2.2% of GDP. I show that 86% of this welfare gain can be achieved by lowering trade costs through ports and along key links representing just 18% of the trade network, supporting a corridor-based approach for infrastructure investment and trade policy. In an extension, I nd that the eects of agricultural technology adoption depend crucially on trade costs, with technology adoption increasing farmer incomes only when trade costs are low. Compared to my dynamic monthly model with storage, a static annual model of agricultural trade underestimates trade costs by 23% and welfare eects by 33% by failing to correctly identify when trade occurs.
American Joint Committee on Cancer and College of American Pathologists regression grade: a new prognostic factor in rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND:The American Joint Committee on Cancer and the College of American Pathologists provide guidelines for reporting pathologic response to neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancer. The clinical relevance of these tumor regression grading guidelines is undefined.OBJECTIVE:This study evaluates t
Certified software

Only if the programmer can prove (through formal machine-checkable proofs) it is free of bugs with respect to a claim of dependability.
Evaluation of Surgical Treatment and the Treatment Strategies during Perioperative Period for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Objective To summary the surgical treatment in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy(HOCM) and investigate the treatment strategies during perioperative period. Methods We retrospectively summarized 75 consecutive HOCM patients who underwent surgical treatment by one surgeon in our hospital from June 2012 to October 2013. There were 47(47/75, 63%) male and 28(28/75, 37%) female, aged 10-66 years with mean(42.92±15.07) years. The left ventricular outflow tract gradient(LVOTPG) were 50-270 with mean(86.98±42.69) mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa). The ventricular septal myotomy-myectomy operation(extended Morrow procedure) was performed for all patients. The concomitant operations included coronary artery bypass grafting(6 cases), aneurysmectomy(1 case), mitral valve replacement(4 cases), mitral valve plasty(9 cases), aortic valve replacement(2 cases), tricuspid valve plasty(3 cases), and congenital heart disease(2 cases). During the perioperative period, the patients were examined by echocardiography, electrocardiogram or dynamic echocardiogram and chest radiography. Left atrial diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular outflow tract(LVOT) pressure gradient, interventricular septal thickness, ejection fraction(EF), the changes of mitral valve construction and function were evaluated. Results No operative or late deaths occurred. The time of CPB and aortic occlusion were 66-258(133.00±39.83) min and 45-157(84.71±25.85) min, respectively. Mechanical ventilation time were 8-396(24.47±44.78) hrs. The postoperative intensive care unit(ICU) stay were 1-27(2.99±3.23) days and the postoperative hospital stay were 6-35(10.20±5.31) days. Postoperative complications included pleural effusion(12 cases), secondary intubation(1 case), tracheotomy(1 case), hemofiltration(1 case), intraaortic balloon pump(1 case). There was no pneumothorax, secondary thoracotomy and second surgery. Postoperative left atrial diameter(37.31±4.34 mm vs 43.50±5.89 mm, P=0.000), LVOTGP(12.31±7.00 mmHg vs 86.98±42.69 mmHg, P=0.000) and intervent ricular septal thickness(15.41±5.00 mm vs 22.34±6.20 mm, P=0.000) decreased significantly compared with those before operation. There was no mitral valve regurgitation, or only mild mitral valve regurgitation. No systolic anterior motion(SAM) was found. The main postoperative arrhythmias included complete left bundle branch block, intraventricular block, complete atrioventricular block and atrial fibrillation. All patients were asymptomatic or only mildly symptomatic.The quality of life improved significantly. NYHA classification decreased than that before the operation(class I and class II). During follow-up, no myectomy related complication, reintervention or death was observed. Conclusions Septal myectomy may eliminate left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, relief the symptom and make better living quality in HOCM patients, with high near-term and long-term survival rate. The main arrhythmias after operation are bundle branch block and atrial fibrillation.
Antidepressants as a treatment for hot flashes in women.

The Clinical Consultation column provides brief recommendations on handling specific pharmacotherapentic problems in clinical practice. The problems addressed may be general or specialized but of wide interest. The columnprovides readers with relevant insights into optimum drug-therapy management by pharmacists. Recommendations are made on the basis of scientific literature and the author's clinical judgment and personal experience. Pharmacists in various settings, including drug information centers, are encouraged to submit manuscripts, ideas, and comments to AJHP (ajhp@ashp.org).
Abstract 235: Prehospital STEMI Protocol Administering Aspirin, Ticagrelor, and Heparin Reduces Reperfusion Times

Background: Emergency Medical Service (EMS) agencies serving large rural areas have not traditionally administered Ticagrelor or Heparin IV in the pre-hospital setting for STEMI patients who are ultimately transferred for Primary PCI. A recent international study demonstrated the safety of administering Ticagrelor by EMS. We hypothesized that allowing EMS to administer medications normally given in the hospital setting could be beneficial. A protocol was implemented with the goal being that if the ECG is Positive, give Aspirin, Ticagrelor, and Heparin, also known as (EPATH). Methods: Data was collected on 31 consecutive STEMI activations from a large rural area, from both the regional hospital and by the local EMS agency, prior to implementation of the EPATH Protocol, and 31 consecutive STEMI activations after implementing the EPATH Protocol. Data was stored on a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and analyzed using the calculation functions available within the database. Findings: Multiple STEMI performance Metrics improved, including the following: The median first EMS contact to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) time was reduced by 28 minutes. The median 911 call to PCI time was reduced by 21 minutes. The rural referral hospital median door to PCI time was reduced by 22 minutes. Conclusion: After implementing the EPATH protocol in a large rural area, which allowed EMS to administer Prehospital Aspirin, Ticagrelor, and Heparin for STEMI, we observed an improvement in multiple STEMI performance metrics, including a 28 minute median reduction in first EMS contact to PCI time. Further research is warranted.
Manuel Cardona: Mentor, Colleague, Friend

During more than 45 years Manuel Cardona has been a trusted and much appreciated friend. He was a mentor when I was a junior scientist and later he was a highly valued colleague and collaborator. This concise text is a small tribute to our long friendship.
Substance P and Antagonists of the Neurokinin-1 Receptor in Neuroinflammation Associated with Infectious and Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Central Nervous System

This review addresses the role that substance P (SP) and its preferred receptor neurokinin-1 (NK1R) play in neuroinflammation associated with select bacterial, viral, parasitic, and neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. The SP/NK1R complex is a key player in the interaction between the immune and nervous systems. A common effect of this interaction is inflammation. For this reason and because of the predominance in the human brain of the NK1R, its antagonists are attractive potential therapeutic agents. Preventing the deleterious effects of SP through the use of NK1R antagonists has been shown to be a promising therapeutic strategy, as these antagonists are selective, potent, and safe. Here we evaluate their utility in the treatment of different neuroinfectious and neuroinflammatory diseases, as a novel approach to clinical management of CNS inflammation.
Predictive scheduling for Electric Vehicles considering uncertainty of load and user behaviors

Un-coordinated Electric Vehicle (EV) charging can create unexpected load in local distribution grid, which may degrade the power quality and system reliability. The uncertainty of EV load, user behaviors and other baseload in distribution grid, is one of challenges that impedes optimal control for EV charging problem. Previous researches did not fully solve this problem due to lack of real-world EV charging data and proper stochastic model to describe these behaviors. In this paper, we propose a new predictive EV scheduling algorithm (PESA) inspired by Model Predictive Control (MPC), which includes a dynamic load estimation module and a predictive optimization module. The user-related EV load and base load are dynamically estimated based on the historical data. At each time interval, the predictive optimization program will be computed for optimal schedules given the estimated parameters. Only the first element from the algorithm outputs will be implemented according to MPC paradigm. Current-multiplexing function in each Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) is considered and accordingly a virtual load is modeled to handle the uncertainties of future EV energy demands. This system is validated by the real-world EV charging data collected on UCLA campus and the experimental results indicate that our proposed model not only reduces load variation up to 40% but also maintains a high level of robustness. Finally, IEC 61850 standard is utilized to standardize the data models involved, which brings significance to more reliable and large-scale implementation.
Structure/Controller Design by Mechanized Iterative Analysis

This paper presents an approach to integrated structural and controller design, an approach which we term mechanized iterative analysis. At the core of this approach is an optimization algorithm functioning as a general solver of constraint equations. The outputs from common structural and controls engineering analyses constitute the constraint equations. Using the approach, both structure and control can be viewed as feedback around fixed parts of a system, and they can be designed in the same basic way. Selection of appropriate analyses from both disciplines is discussed. Finally, the integrated structural and control design of a large space structure is presented to illustrate the approach.
An IQC analysis framework for small fixed-wing UAS

A robust analysis framework for mathematical validation of flight control systems is presented. The framework was specifically developed for the complete uncertainty characterization, quantification, and analysis of small fixed-wing unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). The analytical approach presented within is based on integral quadratic constraint (IQC) analysis methods and uses linear fractional transformations (LFTs) on uncertainties to represent system models. The IQC approach can handle a wide range of uncertainties, including static and dynamic, linear time-invariant and linear time-varying perturbations. While IQC-based uncertainty analysis has a sound theoretical foundation, it has thus far mostly been applied to academic examples, and there are major challenges when it comes to applying this approach to complex engineering systems, such as UAS. The difficulty mainly lies in appropriately characterizing and quantifying the uncertainties such that the resulting uncertain model is representative of the physical system without being overly conservative, and the associated computational problem is tractable. This paper addresses these challenges by applying IQC-based analysis tools to analyze the robustness of a particular UAS flight control system. Specifically, uncertainties are characterized and quantified based on mathematical models and system identification flight test data obtained in house for a small commercial off-the-shelf platform with a custom autopilot. Analysis is performed on three uncertainty groups, aimed at providing valuable information for use in controller synthesis. The proposed framework is also transferable to other fixed-wing UAS platforms, effectively taking IQC-based analysis beyond academic examples to practical application in UAS control design and airworthiness certification.
Vibration-based bridge scour detection: A review

Summary Scour around bridge foundations is regarded as one of the predominant causes of bridge failures. Traditional methods primarily employ underwater instruments to detect bridge scour depths, which thus have difficulties in instrument installations and operations. The concept of scour detection derived from vibration-based damage detection has been explored in recent years to address such difficulties by investigating the natural frequency spectrum of a bridge or a bridge component. This paper presents a comprehensive review of existing studies on scour detection using the natural frequency spectrum of a bridge or a bridge component. Underlying mechanisms, laboratory and field tests, numerical studies, and data processing schemes are reviewed to summarize the state of the art, which are absent but urgently needed. Updates on recently developed scour monitoring sensors are also provided to complement the introduction. Based on the review, in-depth discussions in existing studies are made regarding a few controversial and unsolved issues to shed light on future research, highlighting issues such as the soil–structure interaction, locations of the sensor installation, and the influence of shapes of scour holes.
A reduced-cost Built-in Self Test for an FM receiver

This paper describes the methodology used to replace a conventional FM SNR test on a 65nm Texas Instruments radio with a similar test implemented as a Built-in Self Test (BiST). A traditional R square approach was used for the correlation. Data from various changes that affected/improved the correlation is presented. This approach resulted in test cost savings of around 40%.
The Impact of Vertical Wind Shear on Hail Growth in Simulated Supercells

AbstractSevere hailstorms produce over $1 billion in insured losses annually in the United States, yet details of a given storm’s hail threat (e.g., maximum hailstone size and total hailfall) remain challenging to forecast. Previous research suggests that, in addition to maximum updraft speed, the storm-relative airflow could be equally important for hail formation and growth. This study is a first step toward determining how changes in environmental wind shear and subsequent changes in simulated supercell storm structure affect hail growth. Using Cloud Model 1 (CM1) with 500-m horizontal and 250-m vertical grid spacing, 20 idealized simulations are performed in which the thermodynamic profile remains fixed but the environmental hodograph is systematically altered. Hail growth is quantified using the hail mass mixing ratio from composites of storms over the last hour of simulation time. Hailstone growth “pseudotrajectories” are computed from these storm composites to determine favorable embryo source regi...
Introduction: Representing Evil in Early Modern England

While English Renaissance authors insist that literature should morally improve readers, they are responsible for some of the most compelling representations of evil ever created. Sinister Aesthetics theorizes the appeal of evil and analyzes its literary and religious implications in The Faerie Queene, Richard III, popular print, and Paradise Lost. The introduction describes the book’s argument, drawing on a variety of critical perspectives from new historicism to horror film theory. It argues that aesthetics are crucial for understanding the literary appeal of evil as well as early modern English religious sensibilities, and it offers “sinister aesthetics” as a theoretical paradigm for understanding this appeal. It describes how the sinister affects early modern responses to the theological problem of evil, most notably Paradise Lost.
The Effect of Advertising Concentration on Retailers’ Market and Financial Performance: An Abstract

Advertising is widely recognized as a powerful force for enhancing brand awareness and shaping consumer preferences (e.g., Ailawadi et al. 2009; Tellis, 2005). Companies continue to spend vast amounts of money on advertising every year; the United States alone spent 189 billion dollars in 2015 (Statista, 2016). Despite the consensus that advertising is an effective tool, it is still quite challenging for companies to exactly evaluate and quantify its impact. Therefore, in past decades, both practitioners and academics have made enormous efforts to examine the effectiveness of advertising. Remarkably, even though D’Souza and Rao (1995) find that for a particular advertising campaign timing plays a crucial role in its success, no research has systematically explored how timing could influence advertising effectiveness from a strategic point of view.
Results of a Voice-Related Survey of Physical Education Student Teachers.

The current study investigated physical education (PE) student teachers’ understanding of the vocal demands of their future profession, interest in participating in a voice-training program, and th...
Experimental demonstration of cognitive spectrum sensing & notching for radar

A cognitive radar concept is demonstrated that incorporates spectrum sensing and subsequent waveform notching to avoid in-band interference. The interference is assumed to be caused by in-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) communications in the vicinity of the radar while the notched radar waveform leverages a recently developed frequency modulated (FM) noise signal structure. To emulate real-time performance, the interference signal is measured as it hops in frequency and a fast spectrum sensing algorithm is applied to assess where notches are required. Knowledge of the determined notch location is then passed to the waveform optimization process. The interference and free-space radar measurements are synthetically combined to assess the impact of the interference with and without notching and to quantify the impact of latency.
Preparation of carbon nanotubes composite sheet using electrophoretic deposition process

Since the discovery by Ijima [1] in 1991, carbon nanotubes have attracted tremendous attention. Interest in such a material arise from the fact that the mechanical, chemical, electrical, optical, magnetic, and electroand magneto-optical properties of these nanotubes are different from their bulk properties, attributed largely to the quantum confinement effects [2–11]. For instance, theoretical predictions have suggested that the Young’s modulus of carbon nanotubes could be as high as 1– 5 TPa [12, 13] and the theoretical tensile strength as high as 200 GPa [14]. Various experimental techniques [15–19] conducted on the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes also showed very promising results, albeit still much smaller than theoretical prediction. Furthermore, it is widely accepted that the issue of heat dissipation in miniature devices becomes increasingly important as the size of the device reduces. Therefore, carbon nanotubes may play an important role in improving the performance and stability of nanosized devices because of their high thermal conductivity. In spite of the vast potential of nanoscale materials, some inherent problems have hindered significantly, in some case prohibitively, further progress. First, it is extremely difficult to manipulate the sample for any tests due to its sheer size. To conduct a measurement on an individual nanotube, researchers have to select a suitable tube, which is extremely difficult and may result in the situation that the selected tube is very likely not a typical one, and this may be one of the reasons why similar researches usually lead to different results. Next, although many theoretical predictions have indicated unique properties of the nano materials, the traditional test methods and equipment are not designed for them so that it is extremely difficult to say the least to get direct experimental evidence and reliable data to validate the predictions. As a result, we are still largely in a primary stage to probe and investigate the properties, and have proceeded even more slowly for practical applications. Obviously, by assembling the nanotubes into a macroscale object, we can then conduct all the conventional tests at samples of manageable dimensions to examine the material properties, which in turn will lay a solid foundation of experimental evidence to facilitate further studies of all related issues. More importantly, a new bulk material made of nanotubes may offer many attractive applications of its own at the conventional
Thermal vibration contribution to continuum stress in the elastic regime

Abstract Homogeneous deformation of an ordered crystalline solid at finite temperature can cause non-affine transformation of atomic trajectories. In such a case, continuum measures based on affine transformation of trajectories are insufficient to ensure energetic equivalence between the atomic and continuum scales. We use molecular dynamics simulation of fcc aluminum in NVT ensembles to demonstrate that the second moments of atomic positions about equilibrium show increasing deviation from affine behavior with strain and temperature. While the Cauchy-Born rule enforces affine deformation of the crystal in the static sense, second moments have been used to quantify non-affinity in thermal vibrations due to atomic trajectory transformation under macroscopic deformation. The evolution of second moments with applied strain becomes highly non-linear at high temperatures in the tensile regime as a result of the anharmonic potential energy surface of the material. The vibrational entropy is computed using the time-averaged second moments of position from the molecular dynamics simulation. Stress computed using the resulting free energy is significantly lower than the virial stress in the high tensile strain – high temperature regimes.
Abstract 2140: Mesenchymal stromal cells expressing a PEAK1/Cripto axis sustain pro-survival NF-κB signaling in adjacent tumor cells to promote disease progression and therapy resistance

The cellular and molecular heterogeneity of solid tumors, like breast cancer, is a significant hurdle in the effort to develop effective therapies. The complex breast cancer microenvironment (BCME) includes mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that engage in paracrine/juxtacrine signaling with adjacent tumor cells to support disease progression. Since PEAK1 (Pseudopodium-Enriched Atypical Kinase One) is a cytoskeleton-associated kinase that regulates growth factor-integrin signaling crosstalk in mesenchymal cell types and recent evidence demonstrates that stromal expression of PEAK1 correlates with breast cancer recurrence, we hypothesized that PEAK1 expression in the mesenchymal compartment of the BCME promotes tumorigenesis. We report that PEAK1 is expressed in patient-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from all breast cancer subtypes. Additionally, PEAK1 hi CAF conditioned media promoted breast cancer cell (BCC) proliferation, migration and therapy resistance in vitro. We established in vitro co-culture and in vivo co-xenografting models for evaluating the effects of defined MSC populations on BCC proliferation/survival, metastasis and therapy response. Co-xenografting PEAK1 hi CAFs or MSCs with BCCs increased the mass of HER2-positive and ER-positive primary tumors. In agreement with these data, co-culturing MSCs with BCCs promoted cancer cell proliferation and resistance to lapatinib or tamoxifen treatment, while MSC conditioned media supported BCC expansion under serum-free conditions in vitro. Notably, PEAK1 knockdown in MSCs abrogated their ability to promote tumor growth in vivo and therapy/stress resistance in vitro. Using the highly multiplexed cyclic immunofluorescence (CycIF) platform, we analyzed tumor cell states in these MSC-BCC co-cultures at different time points following lapatinib treatment. We demonstrate that MSCs sustain NF-κB (p65) signaling and anti-apoptotic gene expression within BCCs in the presence of lapatinib. Finally, we discovered that PEAK1 is required for MSC expression of Cripto, a GPI-anchored glycoprotein previously reported to activate NF-κB signaling in trans. Taken together, this work identifies new PEAK1-dependent stroma-tumor signaling vulnerabilities that may be exploited for improving patient responses to current therapeutic interventions. Citation Format: Sarkis Hamalian, Robert Guth, Ioannis Zervantonakis, Erika Duell, Jia-Ren Lin, Preston Shisgal, Justin Molnar, Cameron Geller, Megan Agajanian, Julia Tchou, Peter K. Sorger, Joan S. Brugge, Jonathan A. Kelber. Mesenchymal stromal cells expressing a PEAK1/Cripto axis sustain pro-survival NF-κB signaling in adjacent tumor cells to promote disease progression and therapy resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2140.
Gene expression in hip soft tissues in incipient canine hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis

Canine hip dysplasia and developmental dysplasia of the human hip share demographic, phenotypic, and clinical features including the predisposition to develop osteoarthritis in affected joints. To support the results of genetic mapping studies for CHD and its concomitant osteoarthritis with functional information, we performed RNA-seq on hip capsule and teres ligament of affected and unaffected dogs. RNA seq showed that expressed genes segregated according age, capsule or ligament, and hip phenotype. Expression of HHIP, DACT2, and WIF1 was significantly higher in capsule from control hips than dysplastic hips indicating a disruption of the hedgehog signaling pathway. Expression of SPON 1, a key component of the WNT pathway, was increased significantly in both dysplastic capsule and ligament while FBN2 and EMILIN3 were significantly increased in dysplastic capsule. Of genes associated with human hip osteoarthritis, expression of ACAN, IGF1, CILP2, COL11A1, COL8A1, and HAPLN was increased significantly in dysplastic capsule. The significant increase in expression of PLA2F, TNFRSF, TMEM, and IGFBP in dysplastic capsule indicated an injury response. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that genes involved in extracellular matrix structure, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, myogenesis, growth factor signaling, cancer and immune pathways were enriched in dysplastic capsule. For teres ligament from dysplastic joints, genes in retinoic signaling pathways and those encoding extracellular matrix molecules, but not proteoglycans, were enriched. Hip tissues respond to abnormal mechanics early in dysplastic hip development and these pathways present targets for intervention in the early synovitis and capsulitis secondary to canine and human hip dysplasia. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:313-324, 2019.
Fixing food with ideas of “local” and “place”

Ideas of “local” and “place” appear frequently in current discussions and debates about food and agriculture, but they are kindred, not completely equivalent ideas. This paper highlights similarities and differences in the heuristic and political work of local and place by considering how both ideas seek to fix food. Two understandings of fixing food are distinguished and explored. First, place and local fix food through ontological work to mark, fasten, and secure food within the increasingly “placeless foodscape” created by transnational food corporations. Both ideas serve to attach food to valued provenance but can also overplay the importance of fixedness. Local fastens food by sharply emphasizing various proximities, while place tends to fasten food through more nuanced attention to socio-environmental specificity and distinction. Both local and place risk obscuring political interests and power in the process and outcomes of fastening food. Second, local and place also fix food as part of practical, programmatic efforts to repair the social and environmental harms of the “placeless foodscape.” To contribute more effectively to projects of repair, ideas of local and place can engage a wider scope of organisms, elements, issues, and practices as constituting “the environment” and attend to the multiple scales of relevant human–environment–food interactions. Understanding the potential and limits in ideas of local and place as related to fixing food builds on and complements work in environmental studies to consider the role of place within human–environment interactions.
Cytomegalovirus Reactivation in Children with Hemoglobinopathies Who Undergo Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation with Distal Alemtuzumab

Introduction Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is associated with substantial morbidity. In vivo T cell depletion with alemtuzumab is a known risk factor for CMV reactivation. After observing very early CMV viremia in patients who received distal alemutuzumab in preparation for HCT for hemoglobinopathies, we implemented a quality improvement project to decrease the burden of CMV in this population. Objective To describe patterns of CMV reactivation before and after changing our CMV prophylaxis and surveillance strategies. Methods We reviewed medical records of children undergoing HCT for sickle cell disease (SCD) or beta thalassemia at Children`s Hospital of Philadelphia between 2007-2018, who received distal alemtuzumab containing conditioning regimens. Patients received alemtuzumab (48 mg, starting ∼22 days before transplant) with fludarabine and melphalan. Beginning in February 2014, CMV seropositive (CMV+) patients received prophylaxis with valganciclovir from completion of alemtuzumab through day -1 and foscarnet starting on day 0, as well as weekly CMV surveillance beginning with alemtuzumab administration. Rates of CMV reactivation, as well as balancing metrics [time to engraftment and rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) within 100 days post-HCT] were evaluated before and after implementation of this preventive approach. Results Twenty-nine children were included in the analysis. The median age was 11.1 (range: 3.1 to 17.3) years at HCT; 22 (75.9%) patients had SCD and 8 (24.1%) had beta thalassemia. All patients received bone marrow grafts, 22 (75.9%) from HLA-identical siblings and 7 (24.1%) from unrelated donors. Prior to HCT, 13 patients were CMV+. Of those, 11 (84.6%) developed CMV reactivation (7/7 pre-intervention and 4/6 post-intervention). Time from alemtuzumab start to CMV reactivation, regardless of prophylactic strategy, is shown in Figure 1. CMV reactivation occurred at a median of 4 (range: -11 to +13) days after planned HCT. During the post-intervention period, CMV reactivation was identified in 2 patients prior to the start of the proximal cytotoxic phase of conditioning and HCT was delayed until viremia cleared. One CMV seronegative patient developed CMV viremia 47 days post-HCT. Median time to engraftment was similar before and after the intervention (12.5 versus 13 days), as was the proportion of patients with AKI (3/7 versus 1/6). Conclusion In this cohort, rates of CMV viremia were high and CMV reactivation often occurred very early in the transplant course. In two cases, CMV reactivation was identified prior to transplant day, necessitating a delay in HCT. Consideration should be given to implementing a program of screening or prophylaxis beginning as early as the start of alemtuzumab administration in CMV+ patients. Further research is needed to determine the optimal prophylactic strategy.
Eros and Objecthood in ‘Upon Appleton House’

This essay explores the peculiar erotics of the material world in Andrew Marvell’s country house poem. The discussion builds upon previous scholarship regarding the role of sexuality in this text in order to offer new directions for interpretation by combining recent approaches from queer theory with those of the new materialism. The essay finds that the trope of mirroring subtends the poem and that tracing the operations of reflection allows us to draw linkages between the personified landscape’s ruins of a highly sexualized nunnery and the humans who await personal contact and long for the pleasure of connection. The analysis here dwells particularly on the speaker’s role in relation to the physical environment and how that interrelationship might fuel the erotic excitement explored in ‘Upon Appleton House’. The poem’s culminating fantasy ultimately allows the speaker to lose his position as a subject and instead feel what it is like to be an object—not just an object of desire but a material object. To better understand the speaker’s experience of desire in the absence of another subject, the essay draws our attention to his desire to take on the qualities of the natural environment, which is described in terms of the mirror. I ultimately argue that the speaker’s desire to be rendered an object relies on the notion that estrangement offers a potent experience that heightens erotic pleasure.
The Imported Export Market: An Investigation of Foreign Visitors’ Gift and Personal Purchases

This study was designed to investigate the "imported" export market, i.e., visitors from other countries, both as a test market for direct exports and a special sub-market in its own right. A questionnaire covering past and planned purchases, for personal use and gifts, was administered to a sample of foreign students.Comparison of past with projected purchases indicates that timing of gift purchases differs from that of personal purchases and marketing strategies should be planned accordingly.Additional findings suggest that foreign visitors may provide useful information about home markets, e.g., differences in preferences for brand names by sex.
Subtalar Joint Distraction Arthrodesis Utilizing a Titanium Truss: A Case Series.

Abstract Subtalar joint distraction arthrodesis has been recommended for the treatment of conditions such as nonunion or malunion of subtalar joint arthrodesis posttraumatic arthritis. Both conditions are difficult to treat, because the deformities created in the frontal and sagittal planes of these conditions are complex. If these malalignments are not addressed, ankle joint instability and wear occur over time. In general, either autograft or allograft bone has been used to perform distraction arthrodesis of the subtalar joint. Although studies have shown successful use, there have been complications. Autografts have resulted in donor site morbidity and limitations on graft size, and allografts have shown high nonunion rates. Both autografts and allografts have shown graft collapse over time. Recent literature has discussed the use of tantalum technology to span large defects in bone healing. Studies have shown that tantalum provides superior strength and bone incorporation compared with autografts and allografts. This case series presents 2 cases in which tantalum truss technology was used for distraction arthrodesis. Although this series is limited in patient numbers, both cases show effective graft incorporation with no loss in height over time and earlier return to activity compared with previous studies that used autograft and allograft wedges.