cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An opensocial extension for enabling user-controlled persona in online social networks

User privacy is a challenging issue that must be addressed urgently in current online social networking (SN) sites. One of the fundamental problems associated with the issue is the lack of support of a user-centric approach to managing and sharing user profile information in current SN systems. In this paper we present a user-centric approach based on a credential system to enabling a user-controlled attribute (persona) sharing in online SN sites. Specifically we extend a Google-initiated open source project called OpenSocial, which provides a framework to support user attribute sharing between gadgets and online SN sites, in order to allow users to selectively share their attributes among online SN sites. This paper details the design and implementation of our extension.
Angiotensin II Increases Vesicular Trafficking in Brain Neurons

Our previous studies have established that angiotensin (Ang) II stimulates the release, uptake, and synthesis of norepinephrine (NE) in brain neurons involving distinct signal transduction pathways. However, little is known if this NE neuromodulatory effect is a result of Ang II activation of vesicular trafficking in the catecholaminergic neurons. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if Ang II influences movement of vesicles in live neurons. Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) fused to green fluorescence protein (GFP) has been used to trace vesicular movement in live neurons by confocal microscopy. Transfection by a plasmid containing GFP-DbetaH resulted in the expression of green fluorescence, representing approximately 100 kDa GFP-DbetaH fusion protein. The fluorescence was predominantly localized in the perinuclear region of the neuronal soma, with a few neurites also depicting the fluorescence. Ang II caused a dramatic redistribution of fluorescence. The fluorescence was translocated to the neurites in a time-dependent manner. As a result, the number of neurites depicting fluorescence was significantly increased. The translocation was blocked by losartan, an Ang II type 1 receptor subtype-specific antagonist and not by PD123319, an Ang II type 2 receptor subtype antagonist. High-magnification confocal microscopic examination revealed that Ang II treatment resulted in a distal movement of certain fluorescent clusters in the neurites at an average rate of 0.84+/-0.2 micrometer/s. These observations suggest increased vesicular trafficking is a key signaling event in Ang II stimulation of NE neuromodulation.
Recent Quota and Governance Reforms at the International Monetary Fund

This article discusses the significant quota and governance reforms recently undertaken at the International Monetary Fund (the “IMF”), which is the international financial institution at the center of the global financial system, over the past few years. The IMF approved two ad hoc quota increases (2006 and 2008), completed one periodic quota review with a doubling of quotas (2010), and approved two amendments to its charter related to quota and governance (2008 and 2010) setting out major changes to the IMF’s governance structure. Considering the widespread consensus that is necessary to achieve reform in this crucial area, the reforms are remarkable in their extent and dimension. This is particularly pronounced when comparing the degree and extent of IMF quota and governance reform to other international organizations and the fact that, at the same time, the IMF has been at the center of resolving the global financial crisis.
Shared Knowledge About Emotion Among Vietnamese and English Bilingual and Monolingual Speakers

Recent empirical findings show strong similarity in the structure of emotion space across highly diverse cultures. Previous researchers believe this demonstrates shared conceptual understanding of emotion. However, similarity may emerge from sources such as similar language structure operated upon by pan-human categorization processes. Thus, existence of a superordinate concept of emotion may be prerequisite to similar categorization of emotion terms. Within a broader emotion category, cultural differences may be strongest for subordinate terms that convey contextualized information. To explore this, the authors replicated studies of Chinese and Japanese, comparing emotion term similarity judgments for monolingual and bilingual Vietnamese and English speakers in the United States and Saigon, Vietnam. Participants showed strong consensus about meanings of 15 emotion terms, with differences for two subordinate-level terms, “shame” and “anguish.” Judgments for bilingual participants mirrored those of monolin...
The effect of chlorine substitution on the disposition of polychlorinated biphenyls following dermal administration

The fate of selected polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) was investigated following single dermal administration (0.4 mg/kg) to determine the effects of chlorine content and position on the disposition of PCBs following dermal absorption. Single dermal doses of {sup 14}C-labeled mono-, di-, tetra- and hexachlorobiphenyls were administered to 1 cm{sup 2} areas on the backs of F-344 male rats. Distribution of radioactivity in selected tissues and excreta was determined by serial sacrifice at time points up to 2 weeks. Unabsorbed radioactivity was removed from the dose site at either sacrifice or 48 h post-dose. The time course of radioactivity in the tissues showed a dependence on rate and extent of absorption. The most rapidly absorbed PCBs reached peak tissue concentrations at early times and were cleared from the tissues rapidly. The higher chlorinated PCBs were slowly absorbed and tended to accumulate in the adipose and skin after removal of unabsorbed dose. Excretion of absorbed radioactivity varied with chlorine content ranging from 27% to ca. 100% at 2 weeks post-dose. Excretion profiles following dermal doses tended to differ from profiles following equivalent IV doses, as did the metabolite profiles in excreta. Skin slice incubation experiments suggested that first pass metabolism in the dermal dosemore » site was responsible for metabolism and disposition differences between routes of administration. The data further suggest that the rate of absorption, and therefore the disposition of PCBs following dermal administration may be mediated, either in part or fully, by transdermal metabolism.« less
Cross-correlation method for intermediate duration gravitational wave searches associated with gamma-ray bursts

Several models of gamma-ray burst progenitors suggest that the gamma-ray event may be followed by gravitational wave signals of $1{0}^{3}--1{0}^{4}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}$ duration (possibly accompanying the so-called x-ray afterglow ``plateaus''). We term these signals ``intermediate duration'' because they are shorter than continuous wave signals but longer than signals traditionally considered as gravitational wave bursts and are difficult to detect with most burst and continuous wave methods. The cross-correlation technique proposed by [S. Dhurandhar et al., Phys. Rev. D 77, 082001 (2008)], which so far has been used only on continuous wave signals, in principle unifies both burst and continuous wave (as well as matched filtering and stochastic background) methods, reducing them to different choices of which data to correlate on which time scales. Here, we perform the first tuning of this cross-correlation technique to intermediate-duration signals. We derive theoretical estimates of sensitivity in Gaussian noise in different limits of the cross-correlation formalism and compare them to the performance of a prototype search code on simulated Gaussian-noise data. We estimate that the code is likely able to detect some classes of intermediate-duration signals (such as the ones described in [A. Corsi and P. M\'esz\'aros, Astrophys. J. 702, 1171 (2009)]) from sources located at astrophysically relevant distances of several tens of Mpc.
Control the damage: morbidity and mortality after emergent trauma laparotomy.

Abstract Background Damage control laparotomy (DCL) is performed for physiologically deranged patients. Recent studies suggest overutilization of DCL, which may be associated with potentially iatrogenic complications. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of trauma patients over a 2-year period that underwent an emergent laparotomy and received preoperative blood products. The group was divided into definitive laparotomy and DCL. Results A total of 237 received were included: 78 in definitive laparotomy group, 144 in the DCL group, and 15 who died in the operating room. The DCL group was more severely injured and required more transfusions. After propensity score matching, DCL was associated with an 18% increase in hospital mortality, a 13% increase in ileus, and a 7% increase in enteric suture line failure, an 11% increase in fascial dehiscence, and a 19% increase in superficial surgical site infection. Conclusions The potential overuse of DCL unnecessarily exposes patients to increased morbidity and mortality.
Effects of pregnancy and ovarian steroids on fatty acid synthesis and uptake in Syrian hamsters

The effects of pregnancy and ovarian steroids on the in vivo distribution of newly synthesized fatty acids (incorporation of tritium from 3H2O into fatty acid) in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were examined. During late, but not early, gestation hamsters had reduced levels of newly synthesized fatty acids in heart, liver, uterus, and white adipose tissues (parametrial and inguinal fat pads). Treatment of ovariectomized hamsters with estradiol + progesterone significantly decreased fatty acid synthesis-uptake in heart, liver, and inguinal white adipose tissue. Treatment with either estradiol or progesterone alone was without significant effect in any tissue. Pretreatment of hamsters with Triton WR-1339 (tyloxapol), an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase activity and tissue triglyceride uptake, abolished the effects of estradiol + progesterone in white adipose tissue and heart but not in liver. Thus hamsters lose body fat during pregnancy in part because of decreased de novo lipogenesis. The effect of pregnancy on lipogenesis is mimicked by treatment with estradiol + progesterone but not by either hormone alone. Furthermore, it appears that the liver is the principal site of estradiol + progesterone action on lipogenesis in Syrian hamsters.
STUDENT CIVIC PARTICIPATION AND SCHOOL CLIMATE: ASSOCIATIONS AT MULTIPLE LEVELS OF THE SCHOOL ECOLOGY

Research suggests that youth civic participation predicts desirable outcomes for engaged individuals, but less is known about the benefits of individual participation that accrue to schools as a whole. The present study investigates whether students’ individual and collective participation predict students’ perceptions of school climate. We examine survey and administrative data from 4,947 students from 11 middle schools. Using multilevel modeling we examine the association of aggregate civic participation at the grade cohort level with school climate. Cohort-level civic participation has a significant positive association with perceived school climate, specifically student–teacher relationships, the fairness of school rules, and democratic climate. These aggregate associations are estimated over and above individual-level civic participation, which is independently predictive of school climate. Results demonstrate that students’ civic participation is associated with positive individual and setting-level outcomes, such as positive perceptions of school climate. Limitations of this study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Lysyl Oxidase (LOX) Transcriptionally Regulates SNAI2 Expression and TIMP4 Secretion in Human Cancers.

Purpose: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important in cancer progression and metastasis. We and others have previously reported that lysyl oxidase (LOX) is overexpressed in aggressive cancers, is associated with increased mortality, and regulates EMT. However, the mechanism by which LOX mediates EMT is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of LOX on mediators of EMT. Experimental Design: We used chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter luciferase assays to determine the target gene of LOX. To determine the effects of SNAI2 in vivo, we used our metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) mouse model. To investigate the effects of LOX and SNAI2 on MMPs and TIMPs, protein arrays were used. Primary tumors from patients with metastatic, breast and colon cancer, and tissue array for thyroid cancer were assessed for SNAI2 and TIMP4 expression by immunohistochemistry. Results: We found that LOX knockdown decreases SNAI2 expression in cancer cell lines. Furthermore, knockdown of LOX reduced SNAI2 expression in a metastatic mouse model of thyroid cancer. We also demonstrated that LOX binds and transactivates the SNAI2 promoter. We found a direct correlation in thyroid and breast cancer samples between LOX and SNAI2 expression. To understand how LOX/SNAI2 axis mediates these effects, we performed a comprehensive analysis of MMPs/TIMPs. LOX and SNAI2 depletion reduced TIMP4 secretion. Analysis of SNAI2 and TIMP4 expression showed overexpression of both proteins in aggressive thyroid, colon, and breast tumors. Conclusions: Our findings provide new evidence that LOX regulates SNAI2 expression and that SNAI2-mediated TIMP4 secretion plays a role in cancer progression. Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4491–504. ©2016 AACR.
Optical Coherence Tomography and Profilometry based on Optical Sampling by Cavity Tuning

We report the demonstration of an optical coherence tomography and surface profilometry system based on optical sampling by cavity tuning. Our scheme provides a simple, cost-effective solution for rapid, large-depth noninvasive imaging.
Optimal protocol for processing high-volume and Peds Plus blood cultures by the BACTEC NR860.

The optimal incubation period for blood cultures collected in highvolume (Plus 26) and anaerobic (NR7A) media or Peds Plus™ medium and processed by the BACTEC NR860™ was evaluated during a 12- month period. Organisms were recovered from 9% (1528 of 16,870) of blood culture vials (14% [1302 of 9118] of sets). Ninety-eight percent of positive vials were detected by day 5. Thirty-three vials (Plus 26 or NR7A) became positive on day 6 or 7; all positive Peds Plus vials were detected by day 5. Therapy did not change in response to detection of the organisms (26 “occasional” pathogens, 9 “usual” pathogens) in these vials. One usual pathogen had potential clinical significance, but the patient from whom the culture was collected died before it became positive. In the author’s institution, the 5-day protocol for processing blood cultures could be adopted without compromising patient care.
Tin-Seeded Silicon Nanowires for High Capacity Li-Ion Batteries

A tin (Sn)-seeded supercritical fluid–liquid–solid (SFLS) synthesis of silicon (Si) nanowires with trisilane reactant was developed. When used as anodes in lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries, films of the nanowires with poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVdF) or sodium alginate (NaAlg) binder, carbon conductor, and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)-containing electrolyte gave reversible, high charge storage capacities of 1,800 mA h g–1. The nanowires also exhibited relatively good rate capability, with capacities of 400 mA h g–1 at the relatively fast cycling rates of 2C.
Evidence from 900 MHz 1H MAS NMR of Displacive Behavior of the Model Order–Disorder Antiferroelectric NH4H2AsO4

NH4H2AsO4 (ADA) is a model compound for understanding the mechanism of phase transitions in the KH2PO4 (KDP) family of ferroelectrics. ADA exhibits a paraelectric (PE) to antiferroelectric (AFE) phase transition at TN ∼ 216 K whose mechanism remains unclear. With the view of probing the role of the various protons in the transition mechanism, we have employed the high-resolution technique of magic angle spinning at the high Zeeman field of 21.1 T (1H resonance at 900 MHz). We measured the temperature dependence of the isotropic chemical shift and spin–lattice relaxation time, T1, of the O–H···O and NH4+ protons through the TN. As T → TN, NMR peaks from the PE and AFE phases are seen to coexist over a temperature range of about 3 K, showing formation of nearly static (lifetime > milliseconds) pretransitional clusters in this lattice as it approaches its TN, consistent with the near first-order nature of the phase transition. The isotropic chemical shift of the O–H···O protons exhibited a steplike anomaly a...
135 EFFECTS OF AGING AND THE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG RILMENIDINE ON NERVE GROWTH FACTOR EXPRESSION IN THE SPLEEN OF MALE F344 RATS.

Previous research in our laboratory showed an age-related decline in noradrenergic (NA) sympathetic innervation of spleens from male Fischer 344 (F344) rats. Since nerve growth factor (NGF) plays an important role in determining the density of sympathetic innervation of target tissues throughout life, dysregulation of NGF expression in splenic target cells might explain the loss of sympathetic nerves. Moreover, chronically heightened sympathetic activity can also destroy nerve terminals by increased oxidative stress resulting from the breakdown of norepinephrine. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether these mechanisms are responsible for the age-related loss of splenic sympathetic nerves. Western blot analysis of NGF protein expression was evaluated in splenic lysates from untreated young (3 month) and old (18 month) male F344 rats and from 15-month-old rats treated with vehicle or rilmenidine (0.5 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg, bid [IP]) for 3 months to down-regulation of sympathetic activity. Our studies showed a 40% decrease in NGF protein levels in spleens from old rats compared with young adults. Noteworthy, rilmenidine induced a dose-dependent effect on NGF protein levels: administration of low and high doses of rilmenidine increased splenic NGF levels by 60 and 50%, respectively, compared with the vehicle group (sterile physiologic saline). Splenic NGF levels in the low-dose rilmenidine-treated group (500 μg/kg) were not different from those in 3-month-old F344 rats. Collectively, these findings support our hypothesis that changes in NGF protein expression might explain, at least in part, the age-related decline in sympathetic innervation of the spleen. Furthermore our data suggest that age-related changes in sympathetic activity in the spleen during middle age may precipitate the loss of NGF protein in spleens from old F344 male rats. This research is supported by NIH grant NS44032.
Pharmacologic therapy of ventricular tachycardia using electrophysiologic techniques.

Serial phannacologic trials guided by electrophysiologic techniques provide an objective method for instituting effective medical therapy in patients with sustained ventricular arrhythmias. Suppression of induced ventricular tachycardia by administered antiarrhythmic agents predicts the results of chronic treatment with a high degree of accuracy. Although some controversy exists with regard to precise stimulation protocols, the ability to evaluate the advantages and potentially detrimental actions of individual drugs in a controlled environment contributes substantially to the utility of electrophysiologic testing in the selection of an optimal antiarrhythmic regimen
Extracellular pH and tension during ischemia in the isolated rabbit ventricle

To investigate the factors determining the rate of H+ accumulation during early ischemia, miniature intramyocardial pH electrodes (tip diam 0.2-0.5 mm) were used to record extracellular pH (pHo) in the isolated arterially perfused rabbit interventricular septum. Changes in pHo and the rate of fall of tension during global ischemia were compared under control conditions (37 degrees C, heart rate 75 beats/min) and after exposure to the following interventions: reduced heart rate (36 beats/min), hypothermia (27 degrees C), verapamil (0.5 microM), reduced extracellular Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]o 0.5 mM), norepinephrine (0.5 microM) in normal and catecholamine-depleted preparations, norepinephrine and reduced [Ca2+]o, and theophylline (4 mM). Under control conditions pHo declined by 0.61-0.73 pH units after 10 min of ischemia. The negative inotropic interventions and reduced temperature significantly decreased [H+]o accumulation during ischemia. Positive inotropic interventions did not affect the rate of [H+]o accumulation during ischemia except in reserpinized preparations. All of the interventions except for reduced temperature significantly altered the relationship between tension and pHo during ischemia.
Driver Distraction and Advanced Vehicle Assistive Systems (ADAS): Investigating Effects on Driver Behavior

The component technologies of Advanced Driver Assistive Systems (ADAS) are becoming increasingly automated, with systems capable of operating in concert in multiple driving environments. However, how these systems affect a driver’s ability to safely, efficiently, and comfortably operate a vehicle remains unclear. We investigated the effects of ADAS [specifically Lane Departure Warning (LDW)] on driving performance while participants performed a secondary task (mental math) designed to simulate cognitive effort while driving. The experiment was conducted on a closed-course test track in an instrumented vehicle. Results suggest that cognitive engagement influenced driver control of the vehicle. Effects of cognitive engagement in a secondary task were not mitigated by the presence of LDW. We discuss our results in the framework of a continued need for active input and control from the human operator in vehicles with assistive technologies.
A Baby in the Bathwater: Preserving Evidence-Based Medicine.

In 1991, Dr. Gordon Guyatt coined the term evidence-based medicine to describe a new method for training internal medicine residents at McMaster University [(1)][1]. In a brief editorial, he placed a label on what would become an important international movement. At that time, a growing group of
Agranulocytosis Secondary to Ceftaroline Use: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Ceftaroline is a fifth generation cephalosporin with bactericidal activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, and is the only cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A 23-year-old female with a history of frequent intravenous drug use was admitted to the medical intensive care unit with an MRSA infection resulting in bacterial meningitis, bacteremia and multifocal pneumonia. MRSA therapy was escalated during the admission to a combination of daptomycin and ceftaroline with subsequent clearance of her blood cultures. However, following the introduction of these medications, the patient developed agranulocytosis without parallel involvement of her other cell lines. This agranulocytosis resolved with discontinuation of ceftaroline. Clinicians must maintain vigilance with regard to patients’ neutrophil counts when prescribing treatment with ceftaroline for prolonged periods of time. J Hematol. 2016;5(3):103-105 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jh281w
Standardizing Phlebotomy Job Descriptions.

Background The University of Maryland Medical System, like all other medical systems, is faced with providing the highest quality care in an environment of increased demands and competition for resources. Some responses to this pressure include improved integration, coordination, and efficiency. Laboratory integration has been highlighted by our medical system as a promising area for improvement. Standardization of practices, including job descriptions, is an important step on this journey. Methods With the help of the Human Resources department and the laboratory directors, we conducted an assessment of existing titles and practices from across our medical system. Analysis and evaluation of job descriptions demonstrated some inconsistencies and opportunities for standardization. Discussion and dialogue allowed us to reach consensus on a standard philosophy, format, and approach. Results We created a system wide Phlebotomist job description, based on current practice, which reflected the needs of our medical system. We will be able to use this tool to standardize other job titles, as well as for recruitment and as a basis for retention. Conclusion This methodology can be easily duplicated and followed to evaluate and design job descriptions, as well as to reach consensus in an efficient and organized approach to job standardization in the laboratory.
Abstract C35: Differential inflammatory cytokine secretion between African American and Caucasian colon cancer cell lines

Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates in African Americans (AAs) are up to 38% higher than in Caucasian Americans (CAs). Moreover, our previous studies reported that AAs have hypermethylated DNA regions in inflammatory genes such as NELL1, GDF1, ARHGEF4, and ITGA4; suggesting that AAs have differences in their inflammation patterns when compared to CAs. Therefore, we used two AA tumor-derived cell lines, which were generated in Dr. Williams9 laboratory, and two CA tumor-derived cell lines to study the production of the pro-inflammatory IL-8 and anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokines as they relate to possible differences in the inflammatory response. The inflammatory inducers IL-1B and TNF-alpha as well as Lipopolysaccharide from E. coli were used to mimic colonic inflammatory niches and induce cytokines secretion in these four cell lines. As hypothesized, our results show a significantly higher inflammatory cytokine production of IL-8 in the CA cell lines in response to all the treatments when compared to the AA cell lines. In contrast, secretion of IL-10 between the cell lines was within the same range. We could then propose that AA colon tumors secrete less IL-8 than CA colon tumors as a consequence of their DNA hypermethylated genes and this leads to deficient recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages, key cells for pathogen elimination and T cell activation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the differences in inflammation patterns between AAs and CAs and their role in CRC health disparities. Citation Format: Jenny Elizabeth Paredes Sanchez, Maria Munoz-Sagastibelza, Ji Peing, Laura Martello-Rooney, Jennie Williams. Differential inflammatory cytokine secretion between African American and Caucasian colon cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C35.
Toward real-time quantification of fluorescence molecular probes using target/background ratio for guiding biopsy and endoscopic therapy of esophageal neoplasia.

Multimodal endoscopy using fluorescence molecular probes is a promising method of surveying the entire esophagus to detect cancer progression. Using the fluorescence ratio of a target compared to a surrounding background, a quantitative value is diagnostic for progression from Barrett’s esophagus to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, current quantification of fluorescent images is done only after the endoscopic procedure. We developed a Chan–Vese-based algorithm to segment fluorescence targets, and subsequent morphological operations to generate background, thus calculating target/background (T/B) ratios, potentially to provide real-time guidance for biopsy and endoscopic therapy. With an initial processing speed of 2 fps and by calculating the T/B ratio for each frame, our method provides quasireal-time quantification of the molecular probe labeling to the endoscopist. Furthermore, an automatic computer-aided diagnosis algorithm can be applied to the recorded endoscopic video, and the overall T/B ratio is calculated for each patient. The receiver operating characteristic curve was employed to determine the threshold for classification of HGD/EAC using leave-one-out cross-validation. With 92% sensitivity and 75% specificity to classify HGD/EAC, our automatic algorithm shows promising results for a surveillance procedure to help manage esophageal cancer and other cancers inspected by endoscopy.
Postsecondary Education and Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Experiences of Parents and University Personnel

Postsecondary education has become a viable post-school outcome for many students with disabilities, including students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Increasingly, students with ASD are pursuing two and four year degree programs, yet few investigations have examined the extent to which these students are receiving the types of supports and services needed to be successful. In this exploratory study, the experiences of individuals who provide support to students with ASD enrolled in postsecondary degree programs were examined. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 parents and 6 university personnel at one public research university. Data were analyzed using a constant-comparison method (Strauss and Corbin 1998). Five themes emerged focused on (a) characteristics and needs of students with ASD, (b) transition to the university, (c) available services and supports, (d) barriers and issues, and (e) additional support needed. Findings suggest that services offered by universities may need to be expanded to meet the unique needs of students with ASD.
Enhanced recovery pathways in colorectal surgery

There are many components to successful outcomes in major surgery. Beyond sound technical skills, a growing focus has been placed on identifying factors that delay patient recovery. The development of fast-track or enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) began in the 1990s in Denmark, when Henrik Kehlet described protocols to expedite postoperative recovery. Since then, there has been increasing adoption of ERAS and continued research to accelerated patient recovery leading to decreased hospitalization length of stay, improved healthcare utilization, and improved patient outcomes. In this chapter, we detail the development and components of enhanced recovery pathways in three sections: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care.
Local bone quality measurements correlates with maximum screw torque at the femoral diaphysis.

Abstract Background Successful fracture fixation depends critically on the stability of the screw-bone interface. Maximum achievable screw torque reflects the competence of this interface, but it cannot be quantified prior to screw stripping. Typically, the surgeon relies on the patients' bone mineral density and radiographs, along with experience and tactile feedback to assess whether sufficient compression can be generated by the screw and bone. However, the local bone quality would also critically influence the strength of the bone-screw interface. We investigated whether Reference Point Indentation can provide quantitative local bone quality measures that can inform subsequent screw-bone competence. Methods We examined the associations between the maximum screw torque that can be achieved using 3.5 mm, 4.5 mm, and 6.5 mm diameter stainless steel screws at the distal femoral metaphysis and mid-diaphysis from 20 cadavers, with the femoral neck bone mineral density and the local measures of bone quality using Reference Point Indentation. Findings Indentation Distance Increase, a measure of bone's resistance to microfracture, correlated with the maximum screw stripping torque for the 3.5 mm (p Interpretation Reference Point Indentation can provide localized measurements of bone quality that may better inform surgeons of the competence of the bone-implant interface and improve effectiveness of fixation strategies particularly in patients with compromised bone quality.
PROJECTIVE RESEARCH: USING THE PAST TO TEACH IN THE PRESENT

In 1950 Mason Haire used projective research techniques to examine consumer perceptions of a new product, instant coffee. This article adapts his original experiment for use as a classroom exercise, discusses the pedagogical benefits of the exercise, and demonstrates how it can facilitate discussions about marketing history, the changing nature of consumer perceptions through time, and a variety of other marketing concepts.
Latino and Alzheimer’s: Social Determinants and Personal Factors Contributing to Disease Risk

This chapter forecasts the impact of Alzheimer’s disease on the Latino population of the United States and examines the role of place and social determinants for increasing or decreasing disease risk. Latinos are believed to be at much higher risk than non-Latino Whites, attributable in part to key social determinants such as very low income and educational attainment and high rates of medical conditions associated with inflammation especially excess diabetes rates and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Using complex statistical modeling and limited information available about the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in the U.S. population, statistical trends covering increases in number of cases anticipated and care related costs over the next 4 decades were estimated. Results show that Latinos will have vastly increasing total volume of cases, surpassing African Americans, and accelerating care costs. Simulations were conducted to estimate disease rates if educational attainment and diabetes rates were equalized with non-Latino Whites, and reduction in total cases was significant. The chapter examines the role of “place” and embedded environmental factors that predispose lower SES Latinos to higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease over the life span, and the importance of addressing modifiable factors linked to brain health such as high school completion rates, exercise, diet, social engagement, and cognition. Research recommendations are presented.
Accurate setting of electron energy for demonstration of first hadron beam cooling with rf-accelerated electron bunches

The world's first electron cooling based on the rf acceleration of electron bunches was experimentally demonstrated at the Low Energy RHIC Electron Cooler (LEReC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The critical step in obtaining cooling of the Au ions in the collider with this new approach was matching the electron and ion relativistic $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-factors with a relative error of less than $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. Since the electron beam kinetic energy was just 1.6 MeV, it was required to set the absolute energy of electrons with an accuracy better than 0.8 keV. The method of setting electron energy in conventional coolers was unsuitable for LEReC and a new technique had to be developed. In this paper we describe our experience with measuring the electron beam energy at LEReC and precisely matching electron and ion $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-factors, which resulted in demonstration of the cooling.
Hemifacial Spasm: Endoscopic Assistance in Facial Nerve Decompression With Lateral Spread Response Corroboration: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

This video depicts the case of a 48-yr-old female with 3 yr of progressive left hemifacial spasm (HFS) refractory to medication. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and also a labyrinthine artery loop around the facial nerve (FN) root exit zone. A large bony eminence was also noted in the superior and lateral aspects of the porous acousticus (PA). She preferred surgery if "cure" was possible in lieu of Botox injections. A left retro sigmoid craniotomy was performed with brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) and FN monitoring along with lateral spread response (LSR) assessment. The large bony prominence was drilled in its lateral aspect. Despite this, visualization was still limited and therefore we utilized a 30-degree-angled endoscope to observe the vessels caudal and cranial to the FN. This view prompted us to then drill further at the PA to decompress the FN as well as mobilize the labyrinthine artery away from the nerve. The LSR showed a dramatic improvement when FN decompression was accomplished, and then a further improvement with arterial mobilization and Teflon pledget placement. The BAERS remained at baseline throughout. FN function and hearing were intact on postoperative clinical assessment. Her symptomatic improvement was recorded at 12 mo after surgery. This video illustrates a more complex case of microvascular decompression with skull base concepts and techniques. The patient provided consent for the procedure and use of her images and operative video for publication.
VDAC regulation of mitochondrial calcium flux: From channel biophysics to disease

Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the most abundant mitochondrial outer membrane protein, is important for a variety of mitochondrial functions including metabolite exchange, calcium transport, and apoptosis. While VDAC's role in shuttling metabolites between the cytosol and mitochondria is well established, there is a growing interest in understanding the mechanisms of its regulation of mitochondrial calcium transport. Here we review the current literature on VDAC's role in calcium signaling, its biophysical properties, physiological function, and pathology focusing on its importance in cardiac diseases. We discuss the specific biophysical properties of the three VDAC isoforms in mammalian cells-VDAC 1, 2, and 3-in relationship to calcium transport and their distinct roles in cell physiology and disease. Highlighting the emerging evidence that cytosolic proteins interact with VDAC and regulate its calcium permeability, we advocate for continued investigation into the VDAC interactome at the contact sites between mitochondria and organelles and its role in mitochondrial calcium transport.
The Metamorphoses of Data Capital and Their Circuits

This chapter looks at the metamorphoses of data capital and their circuits, which refer to the productivity-based potential economic impacts, such as production, circulation, and accumulation. Data capital’s overall impact on the economy is profit multiple, competition intensifies, convergence effect, and latecomer advantage. We argue that data science constitutes ecosystem productive forces.
Updates in diagnosis and management of pancreatic cysts

Incidental pancreatic cysts are commonly encountered with some cysts having malignant potential. The most common pancreatic cystic neoplasms include serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystic neoplasm and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Risk stratifying pancreatic cysts is important in deciding whether patients may benefit from endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) or surgical resection. Surgery should be reserved for patients with malignant cysts or cysts at high risk for developing malignancy as suggested by various risk features including solid mass, nodule and dilated main pancreatic duct. EUS may supplement magnetic resonance imaging findings for cysts that remain indeterminate or have concerning features on imaging. Various cyst fluid markers including carcinoembryonic antigen, glucose, amylase, cytology, and DNA markers help distinguish mucinous from nonmucinous cysts. This review will guide the practicing gastroenterologist in how to evaluate incidental pancreatic cysts and when to consider referral for EUS or surgery. For presumed low risk cysts, surveillance strategies will be discussed. Managing pancreatic cysts requires an individualized approach that is directed by the various guidelines.
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence: Part XXVII. E.C.L. and electrochemical studies of selected laser dyes

Abstract The electrogenerated chemiluminescence (e.c.l.) and electrochemistry of the laser dyes, coumarin-2, coumarin-30, rhodamine-6G (perchlorate), rhodamine-B (perchlorate), oxazine-1 (perchlorate), and Nile Blue (perchlorate) were studied in acetonitrile using 0.1 M tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) as a supporting electrolyte. Rather low intensity e.c.l. was obtained for all dyes except Nile Blue. A study of the electrochemical oxidation and reduction of coumarin-30, oxazine-1 and rhodamine-6G using cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential coulometry demonstrated that chemical side reactions of the electrogenerated reactants are responsible for the low e.c.l. efficiency. In several cases the one-electron transfer reaction at the electrode is followed by a dimerization reaction. The neutral free radical formed on reduction of oxazine-1 was investigated by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and coupling constants for it are reported. Some experiments in which the e.c.l. of mixtures of the dyes with rubrene or 9,10-diphenylanthracene were determined are also described.
Measuring bandwidth between planetlab nodes

With the lack of end-to-end QoS guarantees on existing networks, applications that require certain performance levels resort to periodic measurements of network paths. Typical metrics of interest are latency, bandwidth and loss rates. While the latency metric has been the focus of many research studies, the bandwidth metric has received comparatively little attention. In this paper, we report our bandwidth measurements between PlanetLab nodes and analyze various trends and insights from the data. For this work, we assessed the capabilities of several existing bandwidth measurement tools and describe the difficulties in choosing suitable tools as well as using them on PlanetLab.
Explaining Attitudes toward Immigrants and Immigration Policy: A Review of the Theoretical Literature

In the research literature on immigration attitudes, there are a number of theories that explain why individuals hold positive or negative opinions of certain immigrant groups and immigration policies. In this review of the literature, the theories are summarized into five categories: personal and social identity, self and group interest, cultural values and beliefs, social interaction, and multilevel theories. The majority of the theories offer explanations that favor one causal direction, focus on social psychology or the social structural environment, and assume that effects are additive rather than interactive. It is argued in this review that scholars would benefit by using multilevel theories, such as group position theory and intersectionality, in order to extend their explanatory reach past the theoretical standards and, in doing so, be able to better examine some understudied but important questions, such as why individuals often hold pro- and anti-immigrant opinions simultaneously. Multilevel theories have the potential to offer a nuanced understanding of immigration attitudes.
Human ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E1. Indication of potential nuclear and cytoplasmic subpopulations using epitope-tagged cDNA constructs

The ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 catalyzes the first step in the ubiquitin conjugation pathway. Previously, we have cloned and sequenced the cDNA for human E1. Expression of the E1 cDNA in the ts20 cell line, which harbors a thermolabile E1, abrogated the phenotypic defects associated with this line. However, little is known of the cell biology of the E1 protein or the nature of the E1 doublet. Thus, we constructed epitope-tagged E1 cDNAs in which the HA monoclonal antibody epitope tag sequence (from influenza hemagglutinin and recognized by the 12CA5 monoclonal antibody) was fused to the amino terminus of E1. Because the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of E1 is unknown, three constructs were made in which the HA tag was placed at each of the first three ATGs in the open reading frame (HA-1E1, HA-2E1, and HA-3E1). Western analysis of HeLa cells transfected with the constructs revealed that HA-1E1 closely comigrated with the upper band of the E1 doublet, and HA-2E1 comigrated with the lower band of the E1 doublet; HA-3E1 appeared smaller than either of the E1 bands. Metabolic labeling with 32P and immunoprecipitation with anti-HA antibody revealed that only the HA-1E1 protein product is phosphorylated; polyclonal anti-E1 antibody showed that only the upper band of the endogenous E1 doublet is phosphorylated. Each of the constructs was able to rescue the mutant phenotype of the ts20 cell line. Immunofluorescence studies showed that HA-2E1 and HA-3E1 were distributed in the cytoplasm with both negative and positive nuclei. This pattern of distribution has also been observed when immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody to E1 (1C5). However, the staining pattern associated with a polyclonal anti-E1 antibody (JJJ) is characterized by positive staining cytoplasm and nuclei in all cells. The HA-1E1 construct exhibited apparently exclusive nuclear distribution in HeLa cells. The difference between the staining patterns of the polyclonal and monoclonal anti-E1 antibodies can be explained by the existence of two subpopulations of E1: one cytoplasmic and partially nuclear, and one that is nuclear. Deletion of a small region at the amino terminus of the HA-1E1, including the basic sequence KKRR, transformed its immunostaining pattern to that observed with HA-2E1.
A weighted tree model for algorithms with Boolean vector operands

Algorithms for fault tolerance decisions e.g., reconfiguration, deciding that a system is faulty, etc., frequently use operations with operands which are Boolean vectors. The bits in these vectors may represent, for example that a process or processor is up or down. Four common types of operations present in these algorithms are AND, OR, BMV (Boolean majority voting), and MASK. The authors show that by using the concept of weight of an operand, one can evaluate the structure of this type of algorithm with respect to how trustworthy their decisions are or evaluate the effect of a given input operand. >
Career Change and the Iron Cage: Organizations and the Early Labour Market Experience of Professional Managers

Although it is often acknowledged that organizational structure and career outcomes are related, developed theory on how formal features of the design affect inter-firm job mobility is incomplete. I focus on organizational size and structural differentiation and relate them to ideas about internal labour markets, organizational senescence, bureaucratic complexity, and resource endowments. Analysing data on the early career histories of professional managers, I find that the negative effect of organizational size on quits weakens with organizational age while a firm's elaborate hierarchy monotonically increases quits in all but very large firms. I interpret these effects as potential mechanisms for linking demographic processes between and within organizations and as a basis for integrating research in corporate demography and career mobility.
DOLORES: a software package for analysis and design of optimal decentralized control

A software package, DOLORES, for synthesis and design of feedback controllers for centralized and decentralized systems is presented. The design methodologies and the algorithms utilized are described. Several examples are given to illustrate how the software package works. >