cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acceptability of Friday Sermons as a Modality for Health Promotion and Education

Our objective was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of using sermons for health promotion in American Muslim mosque communities by deploying a tailored sermon in two mosque communities. With input from a community advisory board and resident imams, sermons communicated four health-related themes: (i) good health is a grant from Allah, (ii) one's body is trust and must be cared for, (iii) trusting in God's plan does not preclude taking actions to care for oneself, and (iv) community members are caretakers of one another. Self-administered, post-sermon questionnaires asked attendees about the acceptability of the sermon and the sermon-giver, and to identify survey themes. Data analyses involved descriptive statistics and regression modeling to assess variance in acceptability across race/ethnicity and gender. Of the 235 respondents, the majority found the sermon content acceptable and desired to hear health-based sermons more often (72 and 67% respectively). There were no significant differences in acceptability of sermon or sermon-giver by gender or race/ethnicity. Our study demonstrates that theologically-framed health messaging is acceptable within sermons in American Muslim mosque communities. This study underscores the potential utility of mosque sermons for health education programs and for health behavior interventions in American mosques.
Open surgical elbow contracture release after trauma: results and recommendations.

Background Post-traumatic elbow contracture is a debilitating complication after elbow trauma. The purpose of this study was to characterize the affected patient population, operative management, and outcomes after operative elbow contracture release for treatment of post-traumatic elbow contracture. Methods A retrospective record review was conducted to identify all patients who underwent post-traumatic elbow contracture release performed by 1 of 3 surgeons at one academic medical center. Patient demographics, injuries, operative details, outcomes, and complications were recorded. Results The study included 103 patients who met inclusion criteria. At the time of contracture release, patients were a mean age of 45.2 ± 15.6 years. Contracture release resulted in a significant mean increase to elbow extension/flexion arc of motion of 52° ± 18° (P Conclusion Soft tissue and bony elbow contracture release is effective. Patients with post-traumatic elbow contracture can make significant gains to their arc of motion after contracture release surgery and can expect to recover a functional elbow arc of motion. Patients with severe preoperative contracture may benefit from concomitant ulnar nerve decompression. HO prophylaxis did not affect the rate of HO recurrence or ultimate elbow range of motion. However, patients must be counseled that contracture may reoccur, and some patients may require or elect to have more than one procedure to achieve functional motion.
Evolution of NiO Island Size Distributions during the Oxidation of a Ni-5Cr Alloy: Experiment and Modeling.

The classic models of metal oxidation developed by Wagner and Cabrera and Mott presuppose the existence of a planar oxide film and develop expressions for the rate at which the film thickens. Missing from those models is a description of how that initially planar film forms. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we study the growth of NiO islands on the (100) surface of a Ni–5Cr alloy during the oxidation regime where the initial planar film is formed as oxide islands. The island height and area distributions as a function of the oxygen exposure in Langmuir (1 L = 10–6 Torr s) are measured. Lateral island growth and thickening occur as seemingly separate processes, and after a critical thickness of ≈0.4 nm is achieved, growth is purely in the lateral direction. We develop a surface diffusion model for the evolution of the island size distribution that accounts for the lateral growth and coalescence of the NiO islands. Our results indicate that the oxygen surface diffusion screening length ξ=Dτ controls the...
Feasibility and Validation of Modified Oculobulbar Facial Respiratory Score (mOBFRS) in Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis (P3.446)

Objective: To assess if changes in the modified Oculobulbar Facial Respiratory score (mOBFRS) in sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis (sIBM): 1) can be reliably measured on a serial basis; 2) correlate with scores of the existing subjective IBM Functional Rating Scale (IBMFRS) and objective Bulbar Rating Scale (BRS); and 3) can be used as a potential outcome measure in clinical trials. Background: Despite that the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sIBM is secondary to bulbar dysfunction, we lack objective measures of bulbar function in sIBM. Design/Methods: This is an ongoing prospective study. Subjects are tested at baseline, month 6 and month 12. A linear mixed effect model was used to assess the BRS compared with mOBFRS as fixed effect and a random intercept to account for the with-in subject correlation. Pearson’s correlation was calculated between swallow time and subjective swallow ability at each visit. Results: Within the first 12 months of the study 36 subjects have completed visit one, 19 completed month 6, and 4 completed month 12. The mOBFRS score is significantly associated with the BRS along all three visits (p Conclusions: Conducting the mOBFRS in a clinic setting has proved to be feasible. mOBFRS is trending to be a useful measure of bulbar function but the study is ongoing. Disclosure: Dr. Wencel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Araujo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zhang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Medina has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mozaffar has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with aTyr, Alnylam, Alexion, Amicus, Genzyme, Sarepta, MT-Pharma, and Ultragenyx. Dr. Goyal has nothing to disclose.
Socialization, Sociology of

Socialization generally refers to the process of social influence through which a person acquires the culture or subculture of their group, and in the course of acquiring these cultural elements the individual's self and personality are shaped. Socialization, therefore, addresses two important problems of social life: the problem of societal continuity and the problem of individual development. Sociology has tended to emphasize the latter more than the former, by focusing on the development of self and identities, and the internalization of roles, motives, and values. Sociological perspectives on socialization have been shaped largely by two major theoretical orientations: structure-functionalism, which views socialization largely as the learning of social roles; and symbolic interactionism, which emphasizes the development of self and identities. Current research on socialization is guided largely by symbolic interaction theory, and focuses on the process and outcomes of socialization across the life course as they occur within specific contexts of interaction, especially family, peers, school, workplace, and resocialization settings.
Supersymmetry hidden in the continuum

We study models where the superpartners of the ordinary particles have continuous spectra rather than being discrete states, which can occur when the supersymmetric standard model is coupled to an approximately conformal sector. We show that when superpartners that are well into the continuum are produced at a collider, they tend to have long decay chains that step their way down through the continuum emitting many fairly soft standard model particles along the way, with a roughly spherical energy distribution in the center of mass frame.
Enhanced Apoptosis in Insect Cells Ciltivated in Simulated Microgravity

There is a shift from necrosis to apoptosis when batch cultures of Spodoptera frugiperda are grown in the low turbulence environment of NASA’s High-Aspect Rotating-Wall Vessel (HARV) versus a shaker flask. The NASA vessel was developed for the cultivation of animal cells in an environment which simulates microgravity on earth. Fluorescence microscopy with the DNA stains acridine orange and ethidium bromide showed 33% of S. frugiperda cells were apoptotic in the HARV when the viability was 50%, while cells grown in shaker flask had no more than 11% apoptotic cells at the same viability. We believe that the shift to apoptosis in the HARV is primarily the result of reduced hydrodynamic forces.
Multiplexing cytokine analysis: towards reducing sample volume needs in clinical diagnostics.

The trend for improved more precise diagnostics and management of disease heavily relies on the measurement of panels of biomarkers in physiological samples of patients. Ideally, the ultimate goal would be to detect as many clinically relevant biomarkers as possible in a single drop of blood, achieving quick, sensitive, reproducible, and affordable detection in small volume physiological samples. Bioluminescent (BL) proteins provide many of the desired characteristics required for such labels, including detection at extremely low concentrations, no interference from physiological fluids leading to excellent detection limits, and compatibility with many miniaturized systems. However, to date the use of BL proteins has been restricted by their limited multiplexing capabilities. BL proteins typically exhibit a single emission profile and decay kinetics making the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes difficult. Recent progresses in this area include the use of two different engineered luminescent proteins to achieve resolved signals via one-dimensional time resolution. This approach, however, to date only lead to a dual analyte detection. Herein, we have demonstrated that using a two-dimensional approach that combines both temporal and spatial resolution, we can expand the multiplexing capabilities of bioluminescent proteins. To that end, the photoprotein aequorin (AEQ) has been employed for the simultaneous detection of three separate analytes in a single well, differentiated through the use of three discrete time/wavelength windows. Through a combination of site-specific mutations and synthetic coelenterazines “semi-synthetic” AEQ variants have been developed with altered emission profiles and decay kinetics. In this study, two AEQ mutant proteins were genetically conjugated to three pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukins 6 and 8) resulting in AEQ-labeled cytokines. These fusion proteins were combined with synthetic coelenterazines resulting in proteins with differing emission maxima and half-lives to allow for the simultaneous detection of all three cytokines in a single sample. The validity of the assay was demonstrated in serum by employing human physiological samples and comparing our results with commercially available individual tests for each of the three cytokines.
Mobile Devices based Eavesdropping of Handwriting

When filling out privacy-related forms in public places such as hospitals or clinics, people usually are not aware that the sound of their handwriting leaks personal information. In this paper, we explore the possibility of eavesdropping on handwriting via nearby mobile devices based on audio signal processing and machine learning. By presenting a proof-of-concept system, WritingHacker, we show the usage of mobile devices to collect the sound of victims’ handwriting, and to extract handwriting-specific features for machine learning based analysis. WritingHacker focuses on the situation where the victim's handwriting follows certain print style. An attacker can keep a mobile device, such as a common smartphone, touching the desk used by the victim to record the audio signals of handwriting. Then, the system can provide a word-level estimate for the content of the handwriting. To reduce the impacts of various writing habits and writing locations, the system utilizes the methods of letter clustering, dictionary filtering and letter time length based offsetting. Moreover, if the relative position between the device and the handwriting is known, a hand motion tracking method can be further applied to enhance the system's performance. Our prototype system's experimental results show that the accuracy of word recognition reaches around 70 - 80 percent under certain conditions, which reveals the danger of privacy leakage through the sound of handwriting.
Is selenoprotein K required for Borrelia burgdorferi infection within the tick vector Ixodes scapularis

Tick selenoproteins are involved in regulating oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress during prolonged tick feeding on mammalian hosts. How selenoproteins are activated upon tick-borne pathogen infection is yet to be defined. To examine the functional role of selenoprotein K in Borrelia burgdorferi infection within the tick host Ixodes scapularis, RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene silencing was performed. Selenoprotein K is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein and a component of the ERAD complex involved in ER homeostasis. A qRT-PCR assay revealed the significant upregulation of selenogene K (selenoK) expression in B. burgdorferi-infected tick tissues. Silencing of the selenoK transcript significantly depleted B. burgdorferi copies within the infected tick tissues. Upon selenoK knockdown, another component of the ERAD complex, selenoprotein S (selenoS), was significantly upregulated, suggesting a compensatory mechanism to maintain ER homeostasis within the tick tissues. Knockdown of selenoK also upregulated ER stress-related unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway components, ATF6 and EIF2. The exact mechanisms that contribute to depletion of B. burgdorferi upon selenoK knockdown is yet to be determined, but this study suggests that selenoK may play a vital role in the survival of B. burgdorferi within the tick host.
Interaction of blood plasma proteins with superhemophobic titania nanotube surfaces.

Abstract The need to improve blood biocompatibility of medical devices is urgent. As soon as blood encounters a biomaterial implant, proteins adsorb on its surfaces, often leading to several complications such as thrombosis and failure of the device. Therefore, controlling protein adsorption plays a major role in developing hemocompatible materials. In this study, the interaction of key blood plasma proteins with superhemophobic titania nanotube substrates and the blood clotting responses was investigated. The substrate stability was evaluated and fibrinogen adsorption and thrombin formation from plasma were assessed using ELISA. Whole blood clotting kinetics was also investigated, and Factor XII activation on the substrates was characterized by an in vitro plasma coagulation time assay. The results show that superhemophobic titania nanotubes are stable and considerably decrease surface protein adsorption/Factor XII activation as well as delay the whole blood clotting, and thus can be a promising approach for designing blood contacting medical devices.
Justice Gorsuch's Views on Precedent in the Context of Statutory Interpretation

The doctrine of precedent, in its stare decisis form, presents a challenge to any originalist. This doctrine provides that a court should (at least sometimes) be bound by its own precedent, even if that precedent was wrongly decided in the first place. Yet if the original meaning of the text at issue is a judge’s focus, why should an intervening decision of the court—and a mistaken one at that— matter at all? Despite this tension, every originalist also at least purports to care about precedent. This Essay focuses on Justice Gorsuch’s apparent views on precedent in the context of statutory interpretation, where precedent is said to have special force. To this end, I review the available evidence, including Justice Gorsuch’s coauthored treatise on precedent, his opinions while serving on the court of appeals, his public speeches, and the early opinions (majorities, concurrences, and dissents) he has written while on the Supreme Court.
Low Risk of Traumatic Intracranial Hematoma Expansion with Factor Xa Inhibitors without Andexanet Reversal.

Background Andexanet alfa, a novel anticoagulation reversal agent for factor Xa inhibitors, was recently approved. Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage presents a prime target for this drug. The Novel Antidote to the Anticoagulation Effects of Factor Xa Inhibitors study established the efficacy of andexanet alfa in reversing factor Xa inhibitors. However, the association between anticoagulation reversal and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage progression is not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine progression rates of patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage on factor Xa inhibitors prior to hospitalization who were managed without the use of andexanet alfa. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed between 2016 and 2019 at a single institution. An institutional traumatic brain injury (TBI) registry was queried. Patients with recorded use of apixaban or rivaroxaban Results We identified 25 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Two patients were excluded because of a lack of necessary CT data. Twelve patients (52%) were receiving apixaban, and 11 were (48%) on rivaroxaban. On admission CT scan, 14 patients had subdural hematoma, 6 had traumatic intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and 3 had subarachnoid hemorrhage. Anticoagulation reversal was attempted in 17 patients (74%), primarily using 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate. Twenty patients (87%) were adjudicated as having excellent or good hemostasis on repeat imaging. Conclusions Our results indicate that patients on factor Xa inhibitors with complicated mild TBI have a similar intracranial hemorrhage progression rate to patients who are not anticoagulated or anticoagulated with a reversible agent. The hemostatic outcomes in our cohort were similar to those reported after andexanet alfa administration.
Total cost of ownership: an analysis approach for purchasing

Total cost of ownership is a methodology and philosophy which looks beyond the price of a purchase to include many other purchaserelated costs. This approach has become increasingly important as organizations look for ways to better understand and manage their costs. Examines case studies of 11 firms which use total cost of ownership concepts in purchasing. Based on the case study data and the literature, barriers and benefits associated with the total cost of ownership approach are discussed. The total cost of ownership models used by the case study firms are classified by type as dollar‐based or value‐based, and an example of each is shown. The total cost of ownership models are then further classified by their primary usage: supplier selection or supplier evaluation. This cross classification reveals a strong relationship between model type and model usage. Concludes with a comparison of the models, recommendations for practitioners and a discussion of future research directions.
A Dosimetric Comparison of Oral Cavity Sparing in the Unilateral Treatment of Early Stage Tonsil Cancer: IMRT, IMPT, and Tongue-Deviating Oral Stents.

Abstract Introduction Tongue-deviating oral stents (TDOS) are commonly used during unilateral neck radiation therapy to reduce unnecessary dose to nontarget oral structures. Their benefit in the setting of highly conformal treatment techniques, however, is not defined. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential benefit of TDOS use on dosimetric parameters in unilateral intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT). Methods A total of 16 patients with T1-2 tonsil cancer treated at a single institution were selected, of which 8 were simulated/treated with a TDOS and 8 without a TDOS. All received definitive unilateral IMRT to a dose of 66 Gy in 30 fx. IMPT plans were generated for each patient for study purposes and optimized according to standard institutional practice. Results For IMRT plans, the presence of a TDOS (vs without) was associated with a significantly lower oral mucosa mean dose (31.4 vs 35.3 Gy; P = .020) and V30 (42.7% vs 57.1%; P = .025). For IMPT plans, the presence of TDOS (vs without) was not associated with any improvement in oral mucosa mean dose (18.3 vs 19.9 Gy; P = .274) or V30 (25.0% vs 26.2%; P = .655). IMPT plans without TDOS compared with IMRT plans with TDOS demonstrated reduced oral mucosa mean dose (P Conclusion The use of a TDOS for the unilateral treatment of well-lateralized tonsil cancers was associated with oral mucosa sparing for IMRT, but not for IMPT. Moreover, mucosa sparing was improved for IMPT plans without a TDOS compared to IMRT plans with a TDOS.
Sleep disorders in patients with CKD and ESRD

Abstract Sleep is critical for physical, emotional, and mental health. Health providers should be aware of sleep disorders to address patient-centered concerns. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease (ESRD) frequently report poor sleep quality and other sleep-related symptoms. Adult and pediatric patients with CKD often complain of snoring, difficulty falling asleep and maintaining sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, unintentional daytime napping, and restless legs. Polysomnography studies often reveal a high frequency of obstructive sleep apnea in these patients. The high frequency of sleep disorders among those with CKD and ESRD is multifactorial, has an atypical presentation, and results in poor health, impaired daily functioning, poor quality of life, and reduced well-being. This chapter focuses on the most common sleep disorders and symptoms in CKD/ESRD and characterizes the extent to which these are reported. Finally, this chapter explores the diagnostic challenges and available management options.
Material Abundance Messages and Women’s Partner Trait Preferences: Effects of Exposure to Advertisements for Consumer Goods

Cues in the environment, including the media environment, can shape the traits that women find attractive or desirable in potential romantic and sexual partners. In the present study, the possibility that advertisements for consumer goods may shape such preferences was explored. In a controlled experiment (n = 170), women were exposed to advertisements for everyday consumer goods, luxury goods, or to no advertisements before indicating their preferences for traits embodied by a desired romantic or sexual partner. Participants exposed to advertisements for everyday goods expressed preference for a constellation of traits that differed significantly from those preferred by participants who viewed no advertisements. In addition, preferences for specific traits, including intelligence, high earning potential, and muscularity, were influenced by exposure to ads for luxury goods; these effects were moderated by participants’ self-reported mate value. Results are discussed in terms of evolutionary theories of partner selection.
Optically detected magnetic resonance studies on (pi)-conjugated polymers and novel carbon allotropes

This report describes the following: introduction to photoluminescence detected magnetic resonance (PLDMR); introduction to {pi}-conjugated systems; PLDMR measurements on poly(p-phenylene)-type ladder polymers; PLMDR measurements on poly(p-phenylene ethylene); and PLDMR measurements on C{sub 70}, polythiophene, poly(p-phenylene vinylene) and Dan-40. Appendices to this report describe: Operation of ODMR (optically detected magnetic resonance) spectrometer; ODMR system parameters; and Special purpose circuitry.
Catalytic surface reaction pathways and energetics from first principles

Abstract First-principle quantum chemical methods have advanced to the stage where they can now offer qualitative, as well as, quantitative predictions of structure and energetics for adsorbates on surfaces. Cluster and periodic density functional quantum chemical methods are used to analyze chemisorption and catalytic surface reactivity for a series of relevant commercial chemistries. DFT-predicted adsorption and overall reaction energies were found to be within 5 kcal/mol of the experimentally known values for all systems studied. Activation barriers were over-predicted but still within 10 kcal/mol. More specifically we examined the mechanisms and reaction pathways for hydrocarbon C−H bond activation, vinyl acetate synthesis, and ammonia oxidation. Extrinsic phenomena such as substituent effects, bimetallic promotion, and transient surface precursors, are found to alter adsorbate-surface bonding and surface reactivity.
Plant Cell and Tissue Culture for Food Ingredient Production

An understanding of the safety concerns associated with Plant Cell and Tissue Culture (PCTC) processes will help develop sound safety assessment criteria for PCTC-derived food ingredients. Most food ingredients are mixtures of many components and in some cases contain naturally occurring toxins. Safety considerations on the use of PCTC for food ingredient production should focus not only on the effect of processing on the product of interest but also on the overall product profile, toxin level, cell line stability and production consistency. The safety of PCTC-derived food ingredients depends on all stages of manufacturing, including cell line development, process scale-up, production, and purification. This chapter discusses the potential safety concerns associated with applying various PCTC technologies at each stage of production.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was first isolated from a chimpanzee with common-cold-like illness.(53a) Shortly thereafter, the virus was recovered from young children with severe lower respiratory tract disease in Baltimore. (11,16) Since its initial isolation from infants with respiratory disease almost 20 yr ago, RSV has emerged as the major lower respiratory tract pathogen of infancy and early childhood throughout the world. (3,15,16,69) In all geographic areas it is now clear that RSV is the major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children. RSV presents a special challenge to the epidemiologist since this virus exhibits a pattern of infection and disease unlike that of any of the other known respiratory tract viral pathogens. Unanswered are many pressing questions concerning the pathogenesis of serious life-threatening disease of the lower respiratory tract produced by this virus during early infancy.
Further results on adaptive CDMA cell sectorization with linear multiuser detection

We consider the adaptive sectorization problem for a CDMA system under the imperfect directional antenna. Specifically, given the number of sectors and terminal locations, and assuming base station employs linear multiuser detection, we investigate how to appropriately sectorize the cell, such that the total transmit power is minimized, while each user has an acceptable quality of service. We observe uplink/downlink duality under the assumption of matched filter and perfect antenna response. We also investigate adaptive sectorization problem in the more realistic scenario of imperfect directional antenna response. We employ MMSE power control to suppress both the intrasector interference and the intersector interference. As the optimum solution for arbitrary signature sets may have high complexity, we propose simpler suboptimum methods. The results suggest that by intelligently combining adaptive cell sectorization, power control and temporal linear multiuser detection, we are able to increase the uplink user capacity of the cell. We provide numerical results showing the robustness of optimum sectorization against Gaussian channel estimation error.
Hypersensitivtiy responses in monkeys. VI. P-K, histamine, 48-80 responses after challenges with heterologous antigen or the other agents.

Summary The challenge of a naturally occurring antibody (to ascaris) in the monkey produced either a marked or total inactivation of a passively transferred human reaginic antibody (to ragweed). A strong single challenge (ascaris, 48-80 or histamine) reduced the titre of reactivity of the three agents, but the greatest effect appeared to result from the ascaris challenge on the ascaris titre. These findings may support the occurrence of specific desensitization in addition to mediator depletion. It is concluded that in monkeys as well as in man studies dealing with relationships between antigen–antibody systems, mediator releasers and mediators must take into consideration the non-specific modification of injury to antibodies produced by heterologous antigen-antibody reactions and mediators.
Use of a hybrid polytetrafluoroethylene stent graft for iliofemoral bypass in the setting of femoral blow-out

Revascularization in the setting of anastomotic "blow-out" in the groin is a technically demanding and morbid undertaking, often mandating transabdominal or retroperitoneal exposure of the iliac artery for proximal control or anastomosis, or both. The Gore Hybrid Vascular Graft (W. L. Gore and Associates Inc, Flagstaff, Ariz) is an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft with an external nitinol stent on one end designed for remote venous implantation for proximal axillary vein dialysis access outflow. We recently used this device to treat femoral anastomotic disruptions in two postoperative patients.
On O(n log n) Cost Parallel Algorithm for the Single Function Coarsest Partition Problem

A CRCW PRAM algorithm is presented for computing the coarsest refinement of a partition of a finite set S of n elements with respect to a function f on S. The algorithm requires O(n) processors, O(logn) time, and and O(nlogn) space in the worst case.
Managed Care Contracting and Medical Care for the Uninsured: Untangling Selection from Production

Capitated payment systems used by managed care plans potentially reduce the financial earnings that providers use to cross-subsidize care for the uninsured. Providers that value uninsured care highly, however, may improve production efficiency in response to capitation and thereby maintain or expand uninsured care. Measuring the effect of capitation is complicated by the endogenous selection and censoring processes that determine a provider's involvement in capitated payment systems. This study compares three alternative methods for modeling the effect of capitation—a single-equation generalized estimating equations (GEE) model, a two-stage tobit model, and a discrete factor model using full-information maximum likelihood estimation. Models are estimated using panel data on all U.S. federally-funded community health centers operating during 1992 through 1996 (3185 center-years). Single-equation estimates appear positively biased due to capitation selection and censoring. Estimates from two-stage and discrete factor models show no evidence that capitation adversely affects uninsured care after controlling for this bias. Discrete factor estimates are substantially more precise than two-stage estimates, and indicate that uninsured care actually increases modestly in response to capitation. Discrete factor models, though computationally intensive, offer the advantages of consistency and precision over other econometric models for studies involving censored endogenous variables and selection bias.
Combined Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) Treatment is More Effective than GH or IGF-I Alone at Enhancing Recovery from Neonatal Malnutrition in Rats

The effect of hormonal therapy on enhancing recovery from neonatal malnutrition was assessed in rats. Malnutrition was induced by maternal food restriction (60% control intake) during lactation. On d 16 postpartum, restricted pups were refed by cross-fostering to control dams and were subcutaneously administered growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), GH + IGF-I or saline. At d 21, pups were weaned and continued hormonal treatments until d 39 postpartum. By d 39, body weight of GH (96% control) and GH + IGF-I- (98%) treated animals were normal, whereas IGF-I (88%) and saline- (85%) treated animals were still stunted. Hormone effectiveness was age dependent, with growth rates of GH + IGF-I-, IGF-I- and GH-treated pups being greatest between d 16 and 30, d 16 and 21 and after d 30, respectively. Protein accretion by d 39 was higher (P IGF-I > GH = saline (placebo), indicating that an elevated serum IGF-I was not required for GH-stimulated growth. Of the three hormonal treatments, GH + IGF-I therapy was most efficacious at promoting rapid and complete body weight recovery and supporting lean body mass accretion.
Energy transduction in the F1 motor of ATP synthase.

ATP synthase is the universal enzyme that manufactures ATP from ADP and phosphate by using the energy derived from a transmembrane protonmotive gradient. It can also reverse itself and hydrolyse ATP to pump protons against an electrochemical gradient. ATP synthase carries out both its synthetic and hydrolytic cycles by a rotary mechanism1,2,3,4. This has been confirmed in the direction of hydrolysis5,6 after isolation of the soluble F1 portion of the protein and visualization of the actual rotation of the central ‘shaft’ of the enzyme with respect to the rest of the molecule, making ATP synthase the world's smallest rotary engine. Here we present a model for this engine that accounts for its mechanochemical behaviour in both the hydrolysing and synthesizing directions. We conclude that the F1 motor achieves its high mechanical torque and almost 100% efficiency because it converts the free energy of ATP binding into elastic strain, which is then released by a coordinated kinetic and tightly coupled conformational mechanism to create a rotary torque.
Long-term recurrent convolutional networks for visual recognition and description

Models based on deep convolutional networks have dominated recent image interpretation tasks; we investigate whether models which are also recurrent, or “temporally deep”, are effective for tasks involving sequences, visual and otherwise. We develop a novel recurrent convolutional architecture suitable for large-scale visual learning which is end-to-end trainable, and demonstrate the value of these models on benchmark video recognition tasks, image description and retrieval problems, and video narration challenges. In contrast to current models which assume a fixed spatio-temporal receptive field or simple temporal averaging for sequential processing, recurrent convolutional models are “doubly deep” in that they can be compositional in spatial and temporal “layers”. Such models may have advantages when target concepts are complex and/or training data are limited. Learning long-term dependencies is possible when nonlinearities are incorporated into the network state updates. Long-term RNN models are appealing in that they directly can map variable-length inputs (e.g., video frames) to variable length outputs (e.g., natural language text) and can model complex temporal dynamics; yet they can be optimized with backpropagation. Our recurrent long-term models are directly connected to modern visual convnet models and can be jointly trained to simultaneously learn temporal dynamics and convolutional perceptual representations. Our results show such models have distinct advantages over state-of-the-art models for recognition or generation which are separately defined and/or optimized.
Setting up an Occupational Therapy Programme for Drug Addicts

This article looks at the background to drug abuse in Malta, the planning of an occupational therapy programme for drug addicts, and the operation of the programme in the first year. Some of the problems in dealing with this type of client are discussed, and the role of the occupational therapist in this challenging field is evaluated.
Subdiaphragmatic Vagotomy Prevents Drinking-Induced Reduction in Plasma Corticosterone in Water-Restricted Rats

Dehydrated rats exhibit a rapid inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis after rehydration. Drinking activates vagal afferents that project to neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). We hypothesized that when dehydrated rats drink, vagal afferents stimulate NTS neurons initiating inhibition of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity. Experiments assessed NTS activity by measuring Fos expression. Rats were water restricted for 1 or 6 d, limiting access to water to 30 min/d in the morning. Drinking after single or repeated restriction increased Fos, demonstrating increased NTS activity. We next examined the contribution of the vagus by comparing hormonal responses after total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or sham surgery. Water restriction for 6 d increased plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), ACTH, and adrenal and plasma corticosterone in both groups. In sham rats, drinking reduced plasma AVP, ACTH, adrenal and plasma corticosterone by 7.5 min. In total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy rats, where...
Dependence of liquefaction behaviour on coal characteristics: 10. Structural characteristics of a set of high-sulphur coals and the asphaltenes derived from them

Abstract Yields of a number of products of the liquefaction of a set of 26 high-sulphur coals having already been reported, structural characteristics of the derived asphaltenes and their parent coals are now presented. Data on ultimate analyses, hydroxyl contents, quantitative treatments of FT-i.r. spectra and distributions of products from trifluoroperoxyacetic acid have been determined both for the same coals and for their asphaltenes. 1H n.m.r. and 13C n.m.r. spectra are reported for asphaltenes, with derived aromaticities and other structural parameters. Aromaticities of the coals have been published, and their lack of correlation with carbon contents indicates that the sample set is considerably more heterogeneous than had been expected. In fact no satisfactory bivariate correlations between liquefaction yields and structural features of the coals were found, and no factor analysis of marked significance emerged from a multivariate statistical study. Asphaltenes appear to contain long-chain aliphatic moieties as part of their chemical structure, which are presumably inherited from the macromolecular network of coals. Asphaltenes are more homogeneous than coals in general structural character. Asphaltenes differ in a number of respects from the coals: benzene rings are more highly substituted, and the content of methyl is greater. The distributions of aliphatic structures and patterns of substitution in benzene rings is different. Products of oxidation of side chains and hydroaromatic rings dominate when asphaltenes are the substrate, and acids derived from aromatic rings are the most important in products from coals. These findings help to define the chemical processes involved in liquefaction.
A requirement for the POU transcription factor, Brn-2, in corticotropin-releasing hormone expression in a neuronal cell line.

The expression of the endogenous CRF gene was examined in the human neuroblastoma cell line, BE(2)-M17. In this cell line, treatment with retinoic acid induces CRF mRNA transcription. We examined the requirement for the POU transcription factor, Brn-2, for this response. We confirmed that Brn-2 is expressed in retinoic acid-induced BE(2)-M17 cells. Expression of antisense Brn-2 message aborted the retinoic acid-mediated induction of CRF transcription. However, overexpression of Brn-2 was not sufficient for CRF expression in the absence of retinoic acid. These experiments support the hypothesis that Brn-2 is an intermediary for retinoic acid-induced CRF expression.
Multi-dimensional modelling of gas turbine combustion using a flame sheet model in KIVA II

A flame sheet model for heat release is incorporated into a multi-dimensional fluid mechanical simulation for gas turbine application. The model assumes that the chemical reaction takes place in thin sheets compared to the length scale of mixing, which is valid for the primary combustion zone in a gas turbine combustor. In this paper, the details of the model are described and computational results are discussed.
Modeling of Porous Alumina Template Formation under Constant Current Conditions

Anodized alumina templates have emerged as an important material system for the low-cost fabrication of semiconductor and metal nanostructure arrays. This material system uses natural self-organization for the creation ofperiodic arrays of nanoscale structures. In spite of the extensive experimental investigations reported in the literature, the theoretical mechanisms, and their dependence on process parameters such as current density and electrolytes, are not well understood. In this article, we propose a theoretical model based on the rate equation approach in which both the alumina formation and etching are considered. This model employs a minimal number of parameters and yet captures the essence of the experimental observations with sulfuric acid as the electrolyte and can be used as a predictive tool for process selection.
Converging the single-reference coupled-cluster equations

Abstract A scheme for stabilizing the reduced linear equation method of solving the single-reference coupled system of equations is developed and implemented. When one or more secondary determinants become as important as the primary determinant in describing the chemical system, numerical instabilities frequently arise in the procedure of solving the coupled-cluster equations. This is avoided by “quasi-linearizing” certain non-linear terms in the equations and including them with the linear terms. A study on the LiH molecule with an internuclear separation of 9.045 au is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of this procedure.
Comparative rates of rehydration from soil in two species of toads, Bufo boreas and Bufo punctatus.

Abstract 1. 1. The rates of rehydration from a varying soil particle size was investigated for two species of toads, Bufo boreas and Bufo punctatus . 2. 2. Both species of toads were found to gain comparatively equal rates of water per unit of surface area, about 40 mg/cm 2 per hr. However, the larger surface area to volume ratio of B. punctatus allows this anuran to regain its deficit at a significantly faster rate than B. boreas. B. punctatus showed rates of about 3 per cent standard weight gain per hr while B. boreas showed rates of about 1.5 per cent standard weight gain per hr. 3. 3. It is proposed that a reduced size (i.e. increased surface area to volume ratio) may be an important adaptation to xeric environments.
The influence of stage of maturity, level of nitrogen fertilization and storage on the concentration of solanine in tubers of three potato cultivars.

Results indicated that the accumulation pattern of solanine during the harvesting intervals observed differed markedly between cultivars and was influenced by the stage of maturity. The influence of nitrogen fertilization on solanine was inconsistent. All stored tubers of all varieties at 10°C for 45 days exhibited a highly significant increase in solanine.
Ideology as rhetorical constraint: The anarchist agitation of “red Emma” Goldman

This case study of the rhetoric of Emma Goldman explores the relationship between ideology and rhetorical strategies. After tracing Goldman's use of argument by incongruity and embodiment, the essay explains why these strategies were ineffective for an American audience. Finally, the essay argues that these strategies are inherent in anarchist ideology and that, consequently, anarchism could not be rhetorically effective as a social movement within American society.
Nerve Growth Factor Activation of Nuclear Factor κB through Its p75 Receptor Is an Anti-apoptotic Signal in RN22 Schwannoma Cells

Recent evidence indicates that nerve growth factor (NGF) produces its effects through signaling contributions from both TrkA and the p75 receptor. In contrast to its trophic actions through TrkA, NGF binding to p75 has been shown to activate programmed cell death through a mechanism involving the stress kinase JNK. However, this receptor also activates nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), the role of which has yet to be determined. We investigated the function of p75-mediated NF-kappaB stimulation in regulating cell survival in the rat schwannoma cell line RN22, which expresses p75, but not TrkA. Gel shift assays demonstrated activation of NF-kappaB in response to NGF within 30 min and lasting at least 4 h. NGF also stimulated JNK in the cells (detected by in vitro kinase assays) with a similar time course. Preventing activation of NF-kappaB with the specific inhibitor SN50 resulted in NGF-induced cell loss. Similarly, transfection of the cells with a mutant form of the endogenous NF-kappaB inhibitor (IkappaBalphaDeltaN), which cannot be degraded and therefore remains bound to NF-kappaB, preventing its activation, resulted in a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells following NGF treatment. These results suggest that NGF activation of NF-kappaB through the p75 receptor promotes survival, counterbalancing the pro-apoptotic signal.
Projection Operator in the Dual-Resonance Model

It is proved that the projection operator of the nonspurious states has a well-defined property in a certain space if and only if the Regge intercept is noninteger. A discussion is also given on the off-mass-shell extrapolation.
On the vibronic level structure in the NO3 radical. I. The ground electronic state

The model Hamiltonian approach of Koppel et al. [Adv. Chem. Phys. 57, 59 (1984)] is used to analyze the electronic spectroscopy of the nitrate radical (NO3). Simulations of negative ion photodetachment of NO3-, the X 2A2'<--B 2E' dispersed fluorescence spectrum of NO3, and the B 2E'<--X 2A2' absorption spectrum are all in qualitative agreement with experiment, indicating that the model Hamiltonian contains most or all of the essential physics that govern the strongly coupled X 2A2' and B 2E' electronic states of the radical. All 14 bands seen in the dispersed fluorescence spectrum below 2600 cm-1 are assigned based on the simulations, filling in a few gaps left by previous work, and 7 additional bands below 4000 cm-1 are tentatively assigned. The assignment is predicated on the assumption that the nu3 level of NO3 is near 1000 cm-1 rather than 1492 cm-1 as is presently believed. Support for this reassignment (which associates the 1492 cm-1 band with the nu1+nu4 level) comes from both the model Hamiltonian spectrum and a Fourier-transform infrared feature at 2585 cm-1 that is consistent with the large and positive cross anharmonicity between nu1 and nu4 needed for the alternative 1492 cm-1 assignment. An apparent systematic deficiency exists in the treatment of the model Hamiltonian for levels involving nu4. A discussion of the correlation between energy levels in the rigid D3h and C2v limits is illustrative, and provides insight into just how hard it is to treat the degenerate bending coordinate (q4) of NO3 accurately.
Exceedance of power barriers for integrated continuous-time stationary ergodic stable processes

We study the asymptotic behavior of the tail probability of integrated stable processes exceeding power barriers. In the first part of the paper the limiting behavior of the integrals of stable processes generated by ergodic dissipative flows is established. In the second part an example with the integral of a stable process generated by a conservative flow is analyzed. Finally, the difference in the order of magnitude of the exceedance probability in the two cases is related to the dependence structure of the underlying stable process.
Phorbol myristic acetate stimulates LAF production by the macrophage cell line, P388D.

Abstract Phorbol myristic acetate markedly stimulated LAF production by the murine macrophage cell line, P388D 1 . This effect was both time and concentration dependent. Other analogs, such as phorbol didecanoate and to a lesser extent, phorbol dibenzoate also enhanced LAF production, but the parent compound, phorbol, was inactive. The PMA induced supernatant LAF had a molecular weight of 16,000 daltons and exhibited charge heterogenity on DEAE cellulose. Since PMA is a small compound of defined structure which induces the production of large amounts of LAF it should be a useful tool with which to probe the biology and biochemistry of LAF.