cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Second Modernism: MIT, Architecture, and the “TechnoSocial” Moment

Arindam Dutta, EditorSA&P Press/MIT Press, 2013930 pages, 81 color and 286 black-and-white illustrations$65.00 (hardcover)Leave it to nineteenth-century English poet, critic, and educator Matthew A...
Amniotic fluid embolism. A re-evaluation.

Abstract The historical background, predisposing factors, and signs and symptoms of amniotic fluid embolism are reviewed. Experience based on 32 maternal deaths due to amniotic fluid embolism which occurred in Michigan between 1957 and 1966 is reported. The relationship of the changing incidence of deaths due to amniotic fluid embolism compared to all other causes of maternal deaths is discussed. The characteristics of this embolization are reported in detail. A program of treatment designed to correct the alteration of cardiovascular-pulmonary physiology and blood incoagulability is proposed, including: oxygen under pressure; phlebotomy; spasmolytics; parasympatholytics; vasopressors versus vasodilators; cardiac glycosides; fluids, blood, and fibrinogen; and other adjunctive measures.
Some structural requirements for inhibition of type A and B forms of rabbit monoamine oxidase by tricyclic psychoactive drugs.

We have determined the ability of several structurally related tricyclic antidepressant and tranquilizing drugs to inhibit both the type A form of monoamine oxidase (measured by 5-hydroxytryptamine deamination) and the type B form of the enzyme [measured by β-phenylethylamine (PEA) deamination] of rabbit brain mitochondria. These studies indicate that both forms of the enzyme are inhibited by all tricyclic antidepressant drugs tested and that the B form of the oxidase is more susceptible to inhibition than the A form. Tricyclic drugs which have a double bond between the ring moiety and the aliphatic side chain were the most effective inhibitors of the B form of monoamine oxidase. Thus amitriptyline inhibited PEA deamination to the greatest extent, followed in decreasing order of effectiveness by chlorprothixene, imipramine, and chlorpromazine. Furthermore, chlorination in position 3 and hydroxylation in position 2 of imipramine and N-demethylation of amitriptyline did not alter the ability of the parent compound to inhibit the deamination of PEA. Chlorpromazine also inhibited PEA deamination, whereas the pharmacologically inactive tricyclic drug chlorpromazine sulfoxide failed to inhibit this oxidative reaction.
47 SPIRONOLACTONE IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPOZINCEMIA FOUND IN RATS WITH ALDOSTERONISM.

Purpose Patients with the salt-avid state of congestive heart failure (CHF) have been found to have hypozincemia of uncertain origin(s), which may reduce antioxidant defenses provided by Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD). In rats with aldosteronism, urinary Zn excretion is increased, leading to hypozincemia and reduced plasma Cu/Zn-SOD activity. Whether spironolactone (Spiro), an aldosterone receptor antagonist, would restore plasma Zn levels and Cu/Zn-SOD activity in rats with established hypozincemia remains uncertain. Methods and Results Uninephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats received aldosterone (0.75 μg/h) plus 1% NaCl in their drinking water (ALDOST) for 1, 4, and 6 weeks. In a separate group that received ALDOST for 6 weeks, Spiro was begun at week 3 and continued to week 6 (A+Spiro), in a treatment study format. Unoperated, untreated, age-/gender-matched rats served as controls. Plasma Zn and Cu/Zn-SOD activity were monitored at weeks 1, 4, and 6 ALDOST and at week 6 of A+Spiro. We found (mean ± SEM) plasma Zn levels were reduced (p Conclusions In aldosteronism, the hypozincemia and reduced plasma Cu/Zn-SOD activity that appear due to hyperzincuria can each be corrected by treatment with an aldosterone receptor antagonist, Spiro. The proven utility of Spiro in the management of patients with CHF may include its favorable impact in controlling urinary Zn excretion and restoring serum Zn and antioxidant defenses toward normal levels.
Knowledge,Attitude and Pratice Study on Diabetes Managed by Community Health Service Center in Luwan district of Shanghai

OBJECTIVE To understand the situation about the knowledge, attitude and behavior of diabetic patients with community management in Luwan District, evaluate manages effect, and provide evidence for the further development of interventions. METHODS Sample diabetic patients with community management in Luwan District with a random sampling method,then investigate and analysis its basic situation, disease status and KAP situation. RESULTS Among patients being investigated, average awareness of diabetes knowledge is(61.70±16.29)%, with 93.33% maximum and 13.33% minimum. The higher the educational level, the higher the awareness.The awareness has nothing to do with the years of community management. Diabetes-related behaviors,such as frequency of monitoring blood glucose, low-fat diet with less oil,and low-salt diet are related to the years of community management. CONCLUSION community management of diabetes has achieve a certain effect, but we still need to further strengthen efforts in health education of community management of diabetes.Meanwhile, to improve the awareness and promote health behaviors of patients.
Results of emergent versus elective cardiac transplantation procedures.

Twenty-six patients underwent emergent (Group I) and 34 patients elective (Group II) cardiac transplantation (C. Tx.) from June 1985 through June 1989. Age, sex, etiology, presence of diabetes, renal failure and pulmonary artery pressures were comparable for both groups (P greater than 0.5). Twenty-two patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class IV for Group I and 17 for Group II. Group I included 12 patients on inotropic agents, five on intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and one on IABP and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Elective patients were stable at home. Location of the donor heart and mean ischemic times were comparable for both groups. Early mortality (within 30 days) included four patients for Group I and two for Group II. There were four late deaths for Group I patients and six for Group II. Four deaths were due to infection, six to rejection, two to malignancy, two neurological and one each to suicide and multisystem failure. Immunosuppression regimen was similar for both groups. The number and severity of early and late rejection episodes were similar despite blood group crossing in 11 patients for Group I (P less than .01). Incidence of infection was comparable. Favorable lifestyles were comparable, including employment of 12 patients for Group I and 16 for Group II. Cumulative survival for the entire series was 70% at two years. The study indicates that the results of emergent and elective cardiac transplantation procedures are equally gratifying, that mortality is mainly related to rejection and sepsis complications and blood group crossing does not significantly increase the number of rejection episodes.
Update in hospital medicine: Evidence you should know.

Background The practice of hospital medicine is complex, and the number of clinical publications each year continues to grow. To maintain best practice it is necessary for hospitalists to stay abreast of the literature, but difficult to accomplish due to time. The annual Society of Hospital Medicine meeting offers a plenary session on Updates in Hospital Medicine. This article is a summary of those papers presented at the meeting. Methods We reviewed articles published between January 2014 and January 2015 in the leading medical journals, searching for papers with good methodological quality, the potential to change practice, and papers that are thought provoking. The authors collectively agreed on 14 articles. The findings, cautions, and implications are discussed for each paper. Results Key findings include: a novel neprilysin inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker combination drug reduces mortality in patients with heart failure; the concern for acute kidney injury after venous contrast may be overstated; the Confusion Assessment Method Severity score is an important tool for prognostication in delirious patients; ramelteon shows promise for lowering incident delirium among elderly medical patients; polyethylene glycol appears effective in rapidly resolving hepatic encephalopathy; cirrhotic patients on a nonselective β-blocker have increased mortality after they develop spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; current guidelines regarding prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism (VTE) in medical inpatients likely result in non-beneficial use of medications; from a safety and efficacy perspective, direct oral anticoagulants perform quite well against conventional therapies in patients with VTE and atrial fibrillation, including in elderly populations; 2 new once-weekly antibiotics, dalbavancin and oritivancin, approved for skin and soft tissue infections, appear noninferior to vancomycin; offering family members of a patient undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation the opportunity to observe has durable impact on long-term psychological outcomes. Conclusions This update reviews key clinical articles published in 2014, selected by the authors for their methodological quality and potential for changing the practice of inpatient physicians. All of these articles add to the body of inpatient medical knowledge and contribute to the debate on best practices.
Culture, Cognitions, and Legal Decision-Making

The incorporation of psychological knowledge into legal models has helped to dramatically improve the law's human and behavioral competence. Each of the three developing areas discussed in this chapter has made great strides in building an accurate legal model of human behavior. Economic models of law that previously ignored systematic deviations from rational predictions now are behaviorally competent. Recent interdisciplinary projects have demonstrated that an important accomplishment of the building of an accurate and culturally competent legal behavioral model is within reach. Building such a model has major societal ramifications, from protecting victims of racial and cultural discrimination to ensuring a behaviorally and economically efficient system of rules. This chapter brings up-to-date legal scholarship incorporating cognitive, social, and cultural psychology; highlights new interdisciplinary research directions; and challenges psychologists and legal scholars to increase collaborations. Scholars that tended to ignore how the human mind really works now spend significant time thinking about how humanity, law, and economics intersect. As interdisciplinary collaborations continue to prosper, scholars will build an accurate, unbiased, and culturally competent legal economic model of behavior. Only then will behavioral law and economics truly achieve its goals. Given the overwhelming advantage of culture for individual and group survival, a psychological mechanism that ensures the individual's adherence to, and within-group maintenance of, the shared knowledge is critical. They are instances of symbolic threat; an impairment of social motives that we implicitly and explicitly subscribe to and strive for. The ways in which symbolic threats are experienced and managed depend to some extent on the individuals and their circumstance. This chapter considers the relationship between culture and human reactions to threats. While some animal species including humans physically threaten others to dominate and gain their own advantages, humans are unique in their ability to threaten self as well as others by using culturally shared meanings. Likewise, humans are capable of symbolically alleviating the psychological injuries experienced by self and others. In other words, culture is both an antecedent and a consequence of threat for an individual, with an important group-level implication of knowledge preservation. The more the given meaning is activated, used, and encoded in the memory of the people who participated in the event, the more likely it becomes that this meaning is used in the future of people.
Evaluation of Dorset, Finnsheep, Romanov, Texel, and Montadale breeds of sheep: I. Effects of ram breed on productivity of ewes of two crossbred populations.

Effects of Dorset, Finnsheep, Romanov, Texel, and Montadale breeds for performance as sires were estimated in the initial phase of a comprehensive evaluation of these breeds as contributors to sheep crossbreeding systems. Objectives were to evaluate the effects of ram breed, ewe breed, season of mating, and two-way interactions. Rams from the five breeds were single-sire-mated with ewes from two breed types to produce lambs over a 3-yr period. Ewes were assigned to one of three distinct 35-d mating seasons initiated each year in August, October, and December. A different sample of six rams per breed was used each year across all three seasons, and each ram was penned with ewes of both breeds. Traits evaluated and number of ewe records were conception rate and litter weaning weight per ewe exposed (n = 3,261) and number born, litter birth weight, average birth weight, number weaned, and litter weaning weight per ewe lambing (n = 2,751). Ram breed and ewe breed interacted (P < .01) for conception rate and litter weaning weight per ewe exposed, implicating mating preferences, particularly of Romanov rams. In mixed groups of ewes exposed to Romanov rams, conception rate was 12.7% lower and litter weight weaned was 8.4 kg lower in the ewe breed presumably less preferred for mating by the rams. On a per ewe exposed basis, Romanov-sired litters produced either the largest or the smallest values for litter weaning weight, depending on the breed of ewe. Effects of ram breed on number born and litter birth weight interacted (P < .05) with season of mating. The largest litters within each ram breed were associated with the October mating season. Montadale and Romanov rams sired larger and heavier litters from August matings than from December matings, whereas the opposite was true for Dorset-sired litters. Texel- and Finnsheep-sired litters were similar in size and weight from August and December matings. Breed of ram differences affected per ewe lambing productivity measurements (P < .01). Differences between ram breeds for ewe productivity were noted, with increased number born and improved survival of crossbred progeny to weaning for Romanov-sired litters. These results may have implications for using these ram breeds as sires in different crossbreeding systems. Structured mating systems or the creation of new composite populations involving these breeds could be used to match the resources, environment, and market of specific production situations.
Structure and behavior of collagen fibers

Abstract: Collagen fibers form the structural scaffolds of vertebrate tissues that store elastic energy, facilitate joint movement, and dissipate excess energy upon completion of joint movement. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the molecular, microfibrillar and fibrillar structures of collagen fibers and the mechanism by which energy is stored, transmitted, and dissipated. The ability of collagen fibers to prevent premature mechanical failure of vertebrate tissues is also examined as well as the failure mechanisms of collagen fibers.
Plant Distribution Data Show Broader Climatic Limits than Expert-Based Climatic Tolerance Estimates.

Background Although increasingly sophisticated environmental measures are being applied to species distributions models, the focus remains on using climatic data to provide estimates of habitat suitability. Climatic tolerance estimates based on expert knowledge are available for a wide range of plants via the USDA PLANTS database. We aim to test how climatic tolerance inferred from plant distribution records relates to tolerance estimated by experts. Further, we use this information to identify circumstances when species distributions are more likely to approximate climatic tolerance. Methods We compiled expert knowledge estimates of minimum and maximum precipitation and minimum temperature tolerance for over 1800 conservation plant species from the ‘plant characteristics’ information in the USDA PLANTS database. We derived climatic tolerance from distribution data downloaded from the Global Biodiversity and Information Facility (GBIF) and corresponding climate from WorldClim. We compared expert-derived climatic tolerance to empirical estimates to find the difference between their inferred climate niches (ΔCN), and tested whether ΔCN was influenced by growth form or range size. Results Climate niches calculated from distribution data were significantly broader than expert-based tolerance estimates (Mann-Whitney p values << 0.001). The average plant could tolerate 24 mm lower minimum precipitation, 14 mm higher maximum precipitation, and 7° C lower minimum temperatures based on distribution data relative to expert-based tolerance estimates. Species with larger ranges had greater ΔCN for minimum precipitation and minimum temperature. For maximum precipitation and minimum temperature, forbs and grasses tended to have larger ΔCN while grasses and trees had larger ΔCN for minimum precipitation. Conclusion Our results show that distribution data are consistently broader than USDA PLANTS experts’ knowledge and likely provide more robust estimates of climatic tolerance, especially for widespread forbs and grasses. These findings suggest that widely available expert-based climatic tolerance estimates underrepresent species’ fundamental niche and likely fail to capture the realized niche.
Isolation enhancement of small-size WLAN MIMO antenna array for laptop computer application

AbstractThis paper proposes a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array comprising two compact wireless local-area network (WLAN) antennas with high isolation in between. The two operating frequency bands are designed to completely enclose the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands. The MIMO antenna array having a small size, a low height, and a small thickness is especially suitable to be installed in ultra-thin notebook computers. The size of the designed antenna array has been reduced to about 40% than those of the MIMO arrays appearing in the recent literature. The designed isolation element between the two radiating antennas consists of two resonant slots, the lengths of which are individually a quarter-wavelength at 2.45 and 5.5 GHz. The isolation elements block the horizontal surface currents on the system ground plane, leading to mutualcoupling reduction between the two source antennas and hence excellent isolation between them. Results indicate that the proposed MIMO antenna array has good characte...
An Overview on the Aggregation of Large-Scale Systems

Abstract Large-scale systems have been of great interest to many system and control engineers in recent years. Many practical systems fall into this category. To name a few, one may consider power, transportation, economic and energy systems whose models are characterized by high dimensions, decentralized information structures and hierarchical interconnections. Due to large dimensions of these systems, their model reduction has had significant importance. In this paper one of the main classes of techniques of model reduction - aggregation is overviewed and a comparison on their characteristics, computational requirement and use in the near-optimum control of the full model is given
Efficient Privacy-Preserving Outsourcing of Large-Scale QR Factorization

Modern organizations have collected vast amounts of data created by various systems and applications. Scientists and engineers have a strong desire to advance scientific and engineering knowledge from such massive data. QR factorization is one of the most fundamental mathematical tools for data analysis. However, conducting QR factorization of a matrix requires high computational complexity. This incurs a formidable challenge in efficiently analyzing large-scale data sets by normal users or small companies on traditional resource limited computers. To overcome this limitation, industry and academia propose to employ cloud computing that can offer abundant computing resources. This, however, raises privacy concerns because users' data may contain sensitive information that needs to be hidden for ethical, legal, or security reasons. To this end, we propose a privacy-preserving outsourcing algorithm for efficiently performing large-scale QR factorization. We implement the proposed algorithm on the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) platform and a laptop. The experiment results show significant time saving for the user.
Heterotetrameric Coat Protein-Arf Interactions

The mechanisms by which COPI and the heterotetrameric adaptor complexes interact with Arf are analyzed from a comparative evolutionary perspective. Phylogenetic, biochemical, and structural analyses support a common ancestry of the heterotetrameric adaptors and COPI. Consistent with a structural conservation between COPI and adaptors, the functional interactions between Arf and adaptors possess similarities with the way COPI and Arf associate. However, these interactions have become increasingly complex and appear to have reached a summit with the adaptor AP-2. A common theme across different carrier-forming machines is the requirement of interacting networks of functionally diverse Arf effectors to recruit adaptor complexes to membranes.
The Potential of Stem Cells in Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury

Purpose of Review Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health concern, with limited treatment options available. Despite improving survival rate after TBI, treatment is lacking for brain functional recovery and structural repair in clinic. Recent studies have suggested that the mature brain harbors neural stem cells which have regenerative capacity following brain insults. Much progress has been made in preclinical TBI model studies in understanding the behaviors, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of neural stem cells in the injured brain. Different strategies targeting these cell population have been assessed in TBI models. In parallel, cell transplantation strategy using a wide range of stem cells has been explored for TBI treatment in pre-clinical studies and some in clinical trials. This review summarized strategies which have been explored to enhance endogenous neural stem cell-mediated regeneration and recent development in cell transplantation studies for post-TBI brain repair.
Incentives and test anxiety may moderate the effect of retrieval on learning

Abstract Many studies have shown that retrieval practice improves learning in various settings. Similarly, other studies have shown that offering incentives improves learning, whereas test anxiety inhibits learning. Few studies have examined the possible combined effects of incentives and test anxiety when examining retrieval practice. The current study manipulated incentives between subjects and test anxiety within subjects. Interestingly, combining incentives with retrieval practice was not optimal. Establishing such boundary effects may help to identify best practices when using retrieval practice.
Mossbauer Spectroscopy Studies of Slow Paramagnetic Relaxation and Magnetic Interactions in Ferrocenium-Based Molecular Magnetic Materials

Analogous to the quest for ever higher T c organic and inorganic superconductors, the search for molecular magnetic materials with high Curie and Neel temperatures continues unabated. By molecular, we will mean truly organic, primarily carbon-based materials, or perhaps polar organic solvent-soluble organometallic species. They should exhibit spontaneous magnetization to something approximating a bulk magnetically ordered state where such three-dimensional ordering occurs in zero applied field. We like to believe that some of the impetus for the current interest in this area came from our discovery1 that the charge transfer salt, decamethylferrocenium tetracyanoethyleneide, {DMFc+}{TCNE}− (alternatively [Fe(Cp*)2]+[TCNE]−), shows bulk ferromagnetism, with a Curie temperature T c = 4.8 K. This conclusion was confirmed by classical susceptibility, heat capacity,2 neutron diffraction, and zero- and applied-field Mossbauer spectroscopy measurements. A variety of paradigms have been proposed, tried, and recently discussed3 vis-a-vis rational approaches to isolation of such materials. There are clearly challenging synthetic chemistry and structural characterization problems remaining that must be mastered for continued advances in this area.
Effect of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α on intestinal riboflavin uptake: inhibition mediated via transcriptional mechanism(s)

Riboflavin (RF), is essential for normal cellular metabolism/function. Intestinal RF absorption occurs via a specific carrier-mediated process that involves the apical transporter RFVT-3 (SLC52A3) ...
A 46⋆1 bandwidth ratio balun on multilayer organic substrate

We present the design and fabrication of an ultra-wide bandwidth balun on a multilayer organic Liquid Crystal Polymer substrate. Using a novel U-shaped defected ground structure and a single inductor, the balun achieves a measured insertion loss of less than 1dB and return loss of better than 10dB from 50MHz to more than 3 GHz. Within the measured 46⋆1 bandwidth ratio from 50MHz to 2.3GHz, the amplitude and phase imbalance are less than 1dB and 8°, respectively. This proposed balun has a compact size of 35mm × 51mm. To our knowledge, the balun has the largest bandwidth ratio reported to date on multilayer printed circuit without ferrites.
Abstract 4776: Characterizing an oncolytic adenovirus modified with the CXCL12 ligand for breast cancer therapy

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, making up nearly 30% of all diagnosed cancer cases each year. While localized breast cancer is easily treated, advanced cases are difficult to treat resulting in poor five-year survival rates. Thus, new therapies capable of increasing treatment efficacy are needed. Oncolytic virotherapy using human adenovirus is a novel therapeutic approach capable of specifically targeting cancer cells while sparing normal tissue. The adenovirus vector is well-characterized and is uniquely suited for oncolytic virotherapy due to its systemic stability, good safety profile and the ability to infect a broad range of dividing and non-dividing cells. Replication of oncolytic adenoviruses within cancer cells causes the lysis of the cells and subsequent spread of progeny virions within the surrounding tumor stroma. One challenge in targeting cancer cells with adenovirus vectors has been the low expression of the endogenous receptor, the Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CXADR), prompting the search for new receptor targets. In this study, we engineered an adenovirus to contain the CXCL12 ligand to target the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 overexpressed in a variety of tumors. Altered expression of these receptors drives tumor progression, migration, invasion and metastasis. Previously, we developed a bispecific adaptor molecule containing the CXCL12 ligand to redirect a replication-deficient wild-type adenovirus to breast cancer cells overexpressing CXCR4. In the current study, we engineered a replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus modified with the CXCL12 ligand to target cancer cells overexpressing CXCR4 and CXCR7. A recombinant gene was constructed using the tail domain of the adenovirus fiber gene fused to the trimerization domain of the T4 fibritin gene followed by the mature CXCL12 sequence. After viral production, the presence of a modified fiber and the CXCL12 ligand were confirmed. Subsequently, the vector was tested in a panel of breast cancer cells for infection and cell killing efficacy in vitro. Receptor knock down and overexpression studies confirmed the specificity of the virus. Together, these studies address the hypothesis that constructing a retargeted oncolytic adenovirus using the CXCL12 ligand provides selective infection and killing of breast cancer cells overexpressing CXCR4 and CXCR7. These results support the rationale for further development of retargeted adenovirus vectors for oncolytic virotherapy in patients. Future experiments will be conducted to assess tumor targeting using a xenograft mouse model of human breast cancer. Citation Format: Samia M. O9Bryan, J. Michael Mathis. Characterizing an oncolytic adenovirus modified with the CXCL12 ligand for breast cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4776.
Open Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus

Osteochondral lesions of the talus are a frequently encountered treatment challenge for the foot and ankle surgeon. Treatment options for these lesions can vary. Nonoperative treatment has a low success rate, while operative intervention has better outcomes. Multiple operative treatment modalities exist. These include excision with debridement and drilling or microfracture, as well as osteochondral grafting, using autograft or allograft. Knowledge of the proper exposures and treatment modalities is essential for the foot and ankle surgeon.
Impedance-Based Stability Modeling and Analysis of Networked Converter Systems

Impedance-based stability modeling and analysis of converter systems is usually performed by partitioning a system into a source and a load subsystem, and formulating a single-input, single-output (SISO) system model based on input and output impedance of each subsystem. The method can also be applied to more complex systems such as large wind and PV farms based on aggregation. This paper proposes a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) system model to extend the method to networked converter systems. Development of system models in such form is explained in detail by using a generic multi-converter system involving renewable energy generation and high-voltage dc transmission. Characteristics of the resulting MIMO system models are discussed and methods to assess its stability using frequency-domain techniques are presented. A case study is also presented using an example system consisting of three large wind farms. The small-signal analysis is validated by detailed electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation.
Prevention of dental caries by grape seed extract supplementation: A systematic review.

Background:Dental caries are the most prominent chronic disease of children and adults worldwide, and facilitating evidence-based, preventative care for their prevention is critical. Caries are tra...
The School Counselor Caseload and the High School-to-College Pipeline.

BackgroundAdvising students on the transition from high school to college is a central part of school counselors’ professional responsibility. The American School Counselor Association recommends a...
Clinical Features of Patients with COVID-19: is Temperature Screening Useful?

Abstract Background As many businesses reopen after government-induced restrictions, many public agencies and private companies, such as banks, golf courses, and stores, are using temperature screening to assess for possible coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection both for patrons and for employees. Objective We assessed the frequency of a fever ≥100.4°F and other symptoms associated with COVID-19 among patients in the emergency department (ED) who were tested in the ED for the illness. Methods This is a retrospective review of data from patients who were tested for acute COVID-19 infection from March 10, 2020 through June 30, 2020 at two EDs within the same health care system. Data collected included temperature, the presence or recent history of COVID-19–related symptoms, and COVID-19 test results. Descriptive statistics are reported for presenting fever and other COVID-19–related symptoms alone and in combination with presenting fever. Results A total of 6894 patients were tested for COVID-19. Among these, 330 (4.8%) tested positive for active infection. Of these patients, 64 (19.4%) presented with a fever ≥100.4°F (≥38.0°C). Increasing the number of COVID-19–related symptoms in combination with a presenting fever ≥100.4°F increased the number of people who could be identified as having a COVID-19 infection. Conclusions About a quarter of patients who were tested positive for COVID-19 in our ED did not have a fever at presentation ≥100.4°F. Using only temperature to screen for COVID-19 in the community setting will likely miss the majority of patients with active disease.
Automatic semantic segmentation of kidney cysts in MR images of patients affected by autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease

For patients affected by autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), successful differentiation of cysts is useful for automatic classification of patient phenotypes, clinical decision-making, and disease progression. The objective was to develop and evaluate a fully automated semantic segmentation method to differentiate and analyze renal cysts in patients with ADPKD. An automated deep learning approach using a convolutional neural network was trained, validated, and tested on a set of 60 MR T2-weighted images. A three-fold cross-validation approach was used to train three models on distinct training and validation sets (n = 40). An ensemble model was then built and tested on the hold out cases (n = 20), with each of the cases compared to manual segmentations performed by two readers. Segmentation agreement between readers and the automated method was assessed. The automated approach was found to perform at the level of interobserver variability. The automated approach had a Dice coefficient (mean ± standard deviation) of 0.86 ± 0.10 vs Reader-1 and 0.84 ± 0.11 vs. Reader-2. Interobserver Dice was 0.86 ± 0.08. In terms of total cyst volume (TCV), the automated approach had a percent difference of 3.9 ± 19.1% vs Reader-1 and 8.0 ± 24.1% vs Reader-2, whereas interobserver variability was − 2.0 ± 16.4%. This study developed and validated a fully automated approach for performing semantic segmentation of kidney cysts in MR images of patients affected by ADPKD. This approach will be useful for exploring additional imaging biomarkers of ADPKD and automatically classifying phenotypes.
Paul, the Stoics, and the Body of Christ

1. Introduction Part I. Background: The Stoics, Body and Ethics: 2. The body metaphor 3. The 'body' in Stoicism and the relevance to universal humanity 4. Stoic universal humanity and ethics Part II. 1 Corinthians and the Body of Christ: 5. The community as Christ's body in 1 Corinthians 12 6. The role of the 'Mind of Christ' (translation) (1 Corinthians 1-4) Nouss Cristou (1 Corinthians 1-4) 7. Applying the body of Christ: love and prophecy 8. Summary and conclusions.
Associations between self-reported cannabis use frequency, potency, and cannabis/health metrics.

Abstract Background Research shows that cannabis use frequency is associated with cannabis dependence and health metrics. However, much less is known about how self-reported cannabis potency (THC and CBD) may be associated with the same metrics, and whether any associations exist after accounting for frequency of cannabis use. Moreover, even less is known about how these relations may differ across cannabis product forms. This exploratory study examined 1) associations between cannabis frequency, potency, and cannabis/health metrics, and 2) whether associations between potency and cannabis/health metrics remained after controlling for frequency of use. Methods Using a sample of adult recreational cannabis users in Colorado (N = 300), we tested the relationship between self-reported cannabis use metrics of frequency and potency of flower, edible, and concentrate products with separate measures of problematic cannabis use (i.e., dependence, withdrawal, craving), depression, anxiety, and general perceived health. Results Greater frequency of flower and concentrate (but not edible) use were associated with greater problematic cannabis use, and greater concentrate use frequency was also associated with more mental health problems. Partial correlations controlling for average frequency of use across all product forms and CBD potency per product showed that one significant association between THC potency and cannabis/health metrics remained (i.e., higher THC concentrate potency with better health), and one emerged (i.e., higher THC concentrate potency with lower cannabis withdrawal). Conclusions Frequency of use is reliably associated with problematic cannabis use for flower and concentrates, but it did not account for all observed associations in this study. Differences in patterns of associations between frequency and potency and cannabis/health metrics across cannabis forms suggest a need for better understanding user reports of THC and CBD potency, individual differences among users, and improved measurement.
The effects of intraoperative fracture injection of bupivacaine on postoperative opioid consumption when treating supracondylar fractures of the humerus

Objective: The current opioid epidemic is a national problem and an increasing concern for pediatric orthopaedic patients. The use of non-opioid methods to reduce pain may help curb the over-prescribing and overuse of opioid medications. The present study aims to compare the effects of an intraoperative bupivacaine fracture injection on postoperative opioid consumption when treating supracondylar fractures of the humerus. Methods: 42 …
Identity Resolution in Criminal Justice Data: An Application of NORA

Identifying aliases is an important component of the criminal justice system. Accurately identifying a person of interest or someone who has been arrested can significantly reduce the costs within the entire criminal justice system. This paper examines the problem domain of matching and relating identities, examines traditional approaches to the problem, and applies the identity resolution approach described by Jeff Jonas [1] and relationship awareness to the specific case of client identification for the indigent defense office. The combination of identity resolution and relationship awareness offered improved accuracy in matching identities.
12 - Genomics in Neurospora crassa: From One-Gene-One-Enzyme to 10,000 Genes

Neurospora crassa was the central organism in the development of biochemical genetics, providing a model system that established the relationship between genes and enzymes; it remains the best-studied filamentous fungus. This review focuses on the impact that the recent publication of a high-quality draft sequence of the N. crassa genome will have upon efforts to understand the biology of the filamentous fungi. Although several fungal genomes have been sequenced, annotated, and published, the organisms that have been examined are yeasts with relatively small genomes. In sharp contrast, N. crassa contains about 10,000 protein-coding genes, approximately twice as many genes as the yeasts and only slightly fewer than the invertebrate animals. Analysis of this gene set suggests that several different processes have led to the differences in gene content between N. crassa and the yeasts. Evidence for the loss of genes in the yeasts and the acquisition of novel genes in Neurospora lineage is described, as well as details regarding the biological processes that have led to these changes. Analyses of the N. crassa genome sequence revealed the widest array of genome defense mechanisms known for any organism, and one of these defense mechanisms (RIP) appears to have blocked the productive duplication of genes. Since gene duplication is the most common pathway for the origin of novel genes, it seems likely that N. crassa will provide an excellent model system for understanding alternative ways in which novel genes arise. A number of unexpected genes were identified when the complete genome sequence was analyzed, indicating that N. crassa produces secondary metabolites, shares apparent "pathogenicity" genes with plant pathogens, and responds to environmental cues such as light in novel ways. The genome sequence for N. crassa is the first exciting step toward a detailed understanding of the biology of filamentous fungi, and it will allow fungal biologists to establish which features of the filamentous fungi are shared with nonfungal organisms and which features are unique.
The Uncertain Fair Wage-Effort Hypothesis and Wage Secrecy

In this paper, we introduce uncertainty into Akerlof and Yellen (1990)'s fair wage effort hypothesis. In this uncertain fair wage hypothesis, employers do not have perfect information concerning an employee's perception of a fair wage, but assume the perceived fair wage is distributed as a random variable with a known distribution. Our wage model, built on this hypothesis, can be applied to analyze the widely adopted policy of wage secrecy.
Gender Effects on Relational and Core Service Dimensions of Hotel Choice Decisions

Abstract The study proposes and tests a model of hotel choice behavior based on the economics of information theory which incorporates relational and core service experiences as well as search attributes. The model expands the domain of inquiry beyond the initial level attributes to the higher order latent construct and composite levels. Results suggest that hotel choice behavior of male and female guests can be represented as a global construct with three viable components. Implications of the results are discussed.
King and rook vs. king on a quarter-infinite board.

In [3], the following open problem is posed: Played on a quarter-infinite board, with initial position WKa1, WRb2 and BKc3, can White win? In this paper, we show that the answer is yes. Indeed, White has a winning strategy which can be implemented within an 11 ! 9 region.
The Spirit of 1968: Toward Abolishing Terry Doctrine

The spirit of 1968 was a willingness to call for radical, concrete change. This essay challenges Left scholars not to accept the current Supreme Court's interpretations of the Fourth Amendment as only requiring reasonableness and of probable cause as merely a way of clearly showing reasonableness. The essay notes that in early 1968 the Court considered requiring probable cause for stops and frisks, only to settle upon the less stringent reasonable suspicion standard. The first part of the essay criticizes the Terry decision for contradicting earlier authority that a mere reasonableness standard may not be applied to criminal investigations. The second part of the essay contends that the majority of the public accepts the diminishment of probable cause based on an implicit bargain that excessive law enforcement power will be utilized primarily against socially marginalized groups. That bargain drives current acceptance of heightened surveillance. Adopting the spirit of 1968 requires voiding that bargain by seeking the reversal of Terry doctrine.
COMPARISON OF SALTY TASTE AND TIME INTENSITY OF SEA AND LAND SALTS FROM AROUND THE WORLD

ABSTRACT U.S. dietary guidelines suggest a maximum intake of 2,300 mg of sodium per day (5.8 g of salt), while the average consumer intake is 9 g of salt (3,600 mg Na) per day. Sea salts can have lower sodium content and distinct mineral profiles that may also influence salty taste intensity and/or time intensity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensory profiles of sea salts and to determine if other mineral content impacted the basic taste profile. Sea salts (n = 38) were collected and sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron and zinc concentration of each salt was determined. A trained descriptive sensory panel (n = 9 panelists) evaluated each salt in triplicate. Salt solutions were evaluated on an equivalent weight and on an equivalent sodium content basis. Time-intensity profiling of salty taste was also conducted. Salts differed (P < 0.05) in specific minerals. Some sea salts had volatile flavors (green/herbal, smoky, earthy) while three sea salts had 30% less sodium compared to a reference table salt. Salty taste intensity on an equivalent sodium basis was not different (P < 0.05), but time-intensity profiles for salty taste were distinct (P < 0.05). These results suggest that other minerals may play a role in salty taste perception. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Food processors are very interested in reducing amounts of sodium present in food products. Some food products have been advertising the use of sea salt. There has been some controversy that sea salt may be healthier than table salts due to the presence of other minerals. This research demonstrates that sea salts harvested from different parts of the world have different mineral content and time-intensity profiles of salty taste. Due to the different time intensity profiles, it may be possible to use less of some sea salts to obtain the same salty taste as a food containing traditional salt but having a lower sodium content.
Parallel Information Phenomena of Biology and Astrophysics

The realms of biology and astrophysics are usually regarded as distinct, to be studied within individual frameworks. However, current searches for life in the universe, and the expectation of positive results, are guiding us toward a unification of biology and astrophysics called astrobiology. In this chapter the unifying aspect of Fisher information is shown to form two bridges of astrobiology: (i) In Section 5.1 quarter-power laws are found to both describe attributes of biology, such as metabolism rate, and attributes of the cosmos, in particular its universal constants, (ii) In Section 5.2 we find that the Lotka-Volterra growth equations of biology follow from quantum mechanics. Both these bridges follow, ultimately, from the extreme physical information EPI principle and, hence, are examples of the “cooperative” universe discussed in Chapter 1. That is, the universe cooperates with our goal of understanding it, through participatory observation. The participatory aspect of the effect (i) is the observation of biological and cosmological attributes obeying quarter-power laws. In the Lotka-Volterra quantum effect (ii) the participation is the observation of a general particle member that undergoes scattering by a complex potential. This potential causes the growth or depletion of the particle population levels to obey Lotka-Volterra equations. Effectively, the interaction potentials of a standard Hartree view of the scattering process become corresponding fitness coefficients of the L-V growth equations. The two ostensibly unrelated effects of scattering and biological growth are thereby intimately related; out of a common flow of Fisher information to the observer.
Renal medullary circulation

The renal medullary microcirculation is a distinctive arrangement of blood vessels that serve multiple functions in the renal medulla. This article begins with a description of the unique anatomy of this vascular bed and the role it plays in transport and countercurrent exchange in the medulla. A segment of the review is then devoted to the important role mathematical modeling has played in the understanding of this vascular bed's function. Succeeding sections focus upon the hematocrit in the vasa recta capillaries and methods utilized to assess blood flow in the renal medulla. An extensive portion of the article is then devoted to the regulation of the medullary circulation, from ion channel architecture to neurohormonal signaling. Finally, we discuss the importance of the renal medullary circulation in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and arterial blood pressure regulation.