cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Umbilical blood flow, cardiac output, and organ blood flow in the immature baboon fetus

Abstract Seven immaturebbaboon fetuses were studied in an acute surgical protocol at 116 to 124 days' gestation (term = 184). Mean umbilical blood flow was 121 ± 29 ml. per minute per kilogram, mean cardiac output was 219 ± 30 ml. per minute per kilogram, and mean placental diffusion clearance of antipyrine was 75 ± 17 ml. per minute per kilogram. These data were similar to those previously obtained in mature baboon fetuses. Blood flow to organs drained by the superior vena cava was 50 per cent less in the immature compared to mature fetuses. Blood flow to the paleoencephalon as a percentage of cardiac output was significantly higher in the mature fetuses, a difference not completely explained by the increase in organ weight. One immature fetus was severely acidotic and showed the biochemical and circulatory changes associated with asphyxia.
Optimization: Algorithms and Consistent Approximations

1 Unconstrained Optimization.- 2 Finite Min-Max and Constrained Optimization.- 3 Semi-Infinite Optimization.- 4 Optimal Control.- 5 Mathematical Background.
Nuclear roles in the postconjugant development of the ciliated protozoan Euplotes aediculatus. 1. Evidence for sequential roles of the differentiating macronucleus in exconjugant development.

Cells of the ciliate Euplotes , following conjugation, carry out a 4-day sequence of nuclear and cortical changes that is unique to this sexual phase of the life cycle. The relative roles of the old preconjugant macronucleus (fragments of which persist in the exconjugant cytoplasm) and of the new postzygotic macronucleus (the maturing anlage ) in controlling this “developmental program” following conjugation are not known. Experiments were performed in which anlage formation was prevented (by treatment of conjugating pairs with hydroxyurea, HU) or inhibited over a wide range of exconjugant stages (using HU, or a uv-microbeam focused on the anlage). A detailed analysis of the developmental consequences of such treatments has revealed that the anlage releases information essential for normal exconjugant development at two distinct times. Absence of the first information, normally released within the first few hours following conjugant separation, led to an “early death syndrome”: the old macronucleus fragmented as usual, but the anterior fragments never carried out their normal pycnosis and resorption; the cortical reorganization responsible for restoration of a functional feeding apparatus never occurred; the cells gradually swelled and lysed by Day 3–4 of development. Cell death was unrelated to starvation, correlating rather in some way with the failure of the old anterior fragments to become inactivated. The analage's second developmental role corresponds in time with the period of peak polyteny of the anlage's chromosomes (34–37 hr), and is related to cortical morphogenesis. Anlage irradiated prior to this time prevented this morphogenesis, although the cells survived 3 weeks; if anlagen were irradiated even shortly after this time, cortical reorganization occurred on schedule (60–72 hr) and the cells were able to resume feeding, even though the damaged anlagen remained stunted and rudimentary. There are thus at least two distinct “developmental hurdles” that can be crossed only with a functional anlage.
Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction Changes During the Course of Relapsing Lymhpoblastic Leukaemia

Bone marrow smears taken at diagnosis and subsequent haematological relapse from 41 patients with lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were compared to assess the proportion of blast cells showing a positive periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction at different stages of the same disease. 20 patients never displayed more than 10% PAS positive blasts at any stage, and of these 8 never had any PAS positivity at all. 7 patients maintained a proportion of PAS positive cells over 10 % of the total but with no loss or gain in the numbers of such cells. 14 patients showed a significant change in the PAS reaction during the course of their disease, 7 showing a marked reduction in PAS positive cells, and 7 showing an equally marked increase. From these results it seems that the PAS reaction does not identify a sub-type of ALL or mark the degree of differentiation of a given case. It could be indicative of a specific stage of the lymphoblast mitotic cycle.
A Linear Programming Framework for Flexible Budgeting and Its Application to Classroom Teaching

Accounting educators and practitioners are well aware of the importance of increased competencies in analytical areas. In response to this need, authors of management accounting textbooks typically offer brief introductions to linear programming (LP), regression analysis, and decision theory. Most textbooks introduce LP in the context of optimal product‐mix decisions. However, it is possible to incorporate LP into the discussion of other accounting topics, such as product costing and pricing, and financial and operational budgeting. (For a pioneering article on the subject of integrating activity‐based costing and the theory of constraints, see Kee [1995], who applies integer programming to a numerical example in a fashion similar to what is done in this article.) The paper demonstrates a method of incorporating LP into flexible budgeting and variance analysis. By incorporating production and market constraints into budgeting and variance analysis, the proposed method resolves some of the weaknesses of tr...
Response to Letter by Tsuda

Response: We thank Dr Tsuda for his insightful comments regarding our recent report on cardiac dysfunction after focal ischemia. Our data showed that left focal cerebral ischemia can lead to global heart dysfunction and …
Explaining the Relationships among Supportive Message Quality, Evaluations, and Outcomes: A Dual-Process Approach

Research on supportive communication has been concerned with two primary classes of dependent variables. Message evaluations refer to judgments about the supportive message and/or the sender of that message, and message outcomes refer to cognitive, affective, and behavioral effects of messages. Most studies have utilized variables from one or the other class with less attention paid to the association between evaluations and outcomes. Indeed, there is a common assumption that message evaluations are a valid proxy for other outcomes of interest. This assumption is tested empirically in this article. Results from two studies show that (1) evaluations of messages mediate the effect of message quality on outcomes and (2) degree of message scrutiny moderates this mediating effect by altering the degree to which message quality influences evaluations. We use a dual-process theory of supportive message outcomes as the framework for interpreting supportive message effects and for examining the link between messag...
Neutron strength functions and average total cross sections I. A new method

Abstract Neutron total cross sections of In, Sb, I, Re, and Hg have been measured in the energy region from 30 to 650 keV using a number of different sample thicknesses. A technique is developed for the analysis of the multiple-thickness transmission data to uniquely determine s- , p- , and d -wave strength functions and potential scattering phase shifts. The method exploits the differences in the behavior of the areas under transmission dips of s - and p -wave resonances as a function of sample thickness, and is shown to be well-suited for the keV region of neutron energies.
A Functional Type I Interferon Pathway Drives Resistance to Cornea Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection by Recruitment of Leukocytes.

Type I interferons are critical antiviral cytokines produced following herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection that act to inhibit viral spread. In the present study, we identify HSV-infected and adjacent uninfected corneal epithelial cells as the source of interferon-α. We also report mice deficient in the A1 chain of the type I IFN receptor (CD118−/−) are extremely sensitive to ocular infection with low doses (100 PFU) of HSV-1 as seen by significantly elevated viral titers in the cornea compared to wild type (WT) controls. The enhanced susceptibility correlated with a loss of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell recruitment and aberrant chemokine production in the cornea despite mounting an adaptive immune response in the draining mandibular lymph node of CD118−/− mice. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of IFN production in both the innate immune response as well as eliciting chemokine production required to facilitate adaptive immune cell trafficking.
Twitter adoption and use in mass convergence and emergency events

This paper offers a descriptive account of Twitter (a microblogging service) across four high-profile, mass convergence events - two emergency and two national security. We statistically examine how Twitter is being used surrounding these events, and compare and contrast how that behaviour is different from more general Twitter use. Our findings suggest that Twitter messages sent during these types of events contain more displays of information broadcasting and brokerage, and we observe that general Twitter use seems to have evolved over time to offer more of an information-sharing purpose. We also provide preliminary evidence that Twitter users who join during and in apparent relation to a mass convergence or emergency event are more likely to become long-term adopters of the technology.
SCHEDULING OF NONSERIAL LINEAR PROJECTS WITH MULTIPLE NON-OVERLAPPED LOOP STRUCTURES

Abstract Existing dynamic programming formulations are utilized for the scheduling of serial linear projects. These formulations cannot, however, be used for the scheduling of nonserial linear projects. The intent of this paper is to present a nonserial dynamic programming formulation for the scheduling of linear projects with multiple non-overlapped loop structures. The objective of the nonserial dynamic programming solution is to provide for the selection of resources, interruptions, and lags for production activities that lead to the minimum project duration. The advantages of this nonserial dynamic programming approach include its ability to handle work interruption and variable production rates. In addition, the developed system produces a graphical representation of the project schedule of minimum duration. A nonserial linear project is treated herein using the proposed method.
Cropland acreage estimates from temporal, multispectral ERTS-1 data

Temporal, multispectral Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-1) images as pertinent to cropland acreage estimates are illustrated and discussed. A cropland classifier is described that evaluates approximately registered, temporal, and multispectral digital ERTS-1 data acquired over a 14 section test site in central Iowa during 1973. Satellite-derived acreage estimates are compared with estimates derived from low-level images. Discrepancies between these estimates are discussed. Satellite coverage critically timed with a crop development calendar is noted to improve classifier effectiveness.
Programming from the bottom up [Books]

In the first book review, &#x0201C;Programming from the Bottom Up,&#x0201D;, Norman Chonacky reviews an introductory textbook that considers fundamental computer operations as well as the methods and practices needed to create, use, or manage programs intended for the computational sciences and engineering. In the second book review, &#x0201C;Can Artificial Intelligence Improve Human Reasoning?&#x0201D;' George F. Luger reviews a book dealing with how the rational human mind might be understood and enhanced through computer-based representations and algorithms.
Effect of mechanical deformation and annealing on the evolution of c-axis texture of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oz superconductor hot-isostatic-press cladded onto a Ag substrate

A systematic study was undertaken of the mechanical deformation and annealing effects on the c-axis texture evolution of a Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oz (BSCCO) superconductor cladded onto a Ag substrate. As the amount of cold-rolling reduction (%) increased, a tighter clustering of the (001l4) poles around the surface normal indicated that randomly oriented grains from the initial hot-isostatic-press (HIP) cladded surface are progressively oriented nearly perpendicularly to the plane of the tape. Conventional X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray pole-figure studies support a basal-plane sliding mechanism of plastic deformation. In samples annealed for 100 h, the superconductor (BSCCO) material near the BSCCO/Ag interface appears to undergo incipient melting, and there is a layer-like growth (c-axis texture), which extends macroscopically from the Ag interface. The sample-orientation distribution of short-term (5 h) annealed samples showed a strong c-axis texture, with the c-axis aligned nearly perpendicularly to the plane of the tape with no preferred alignment of the a- and b-axes.
Energy Distributions for Thermal Field Emission

A sequence of total energy distribution curves for field emission was experimentally obtained for a tungsten emitter heated to 1570 K. Theoretical curves using the Miller-Good WKB-type approximation for tunneling probabilities are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. A significant feature of both sets of curves is a change in slope corresponding to electron emission near the top of the surface barrier where the emission mechanism changes from tunneling to thermionic emission. This feature is in accord with the classical-image force model for the surface potential which appears to be valid for distances approaching 3-4 \AA{} to the metal surface.
Gray & white matter tissue contrast differentiates Mild Cognitive Impairment converters from non-converters

The clinical relevance of gray/white matter contrast ratio (GWR) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains unknown. This study examined baseline GWR and 3-year follow-up diagnostic status in MCI. Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative MCI participants with baseline 1.5 T MRI and 3-year follow-up clinical data were included. Participants were categorized into two groups based on 3-year follow-up diagnoses: 1) non-converters (n = 69, 75 ± 7, 26 % female), and 2) converters (i.e., dementia at follow-up; n = 69, 75 ± 7, 30 % female) who were matched on baseline age and Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Groups were compared on FreeSurfer generated baseline GWR from structural images in which higher values represent greater tissue contrast. A general linear model, adjusting for APOE-status, scanner type, hippocampal volume, and cortical thickness, revealed that converters evidenced lower GWR values than non-converters (i.e., more degradation in tissue contrast; p = 0.03). Individuals with MCI who convert to dementia have lower baseline GWR values than individuals who remain diagnostically stable over a 3-year period, statistically independent of cortical thickness or hippocampal volume.
ACCURATE INDIUM BOND ENERGIES

InXn atomization energies are computed for n = 1−3 and X = H, Cl, and CH3. The geometries and frequencies are determined using density functional theory. The atomization energies are computed at the coupled cluster level of theory. The complete basis set limit is obtained by extrapolation. The scalar relativistic effect is computed using the Douglas−Kroll approach. While the heats of formation for InH, InCl, and InCl3 are in good agreement with experiment, the current results show that the experimental value for In(CH3)3 must be wrong.
Molecular Orientation Study of Methylene Blue at an Air/Fused-Silica Interface Using Evanescent-Wave Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy

Using evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (EW-CRDS), we monitored the change in the absorbance of a thin film of methylene blue (MB) at an air/fused-silica interface while varying the polarization of the incident light (600 nm). We derived the average orientation angle of the planar MB molecules with respect to the surface normal and observed that the average orientation angle decreases as the surface concentration increases. At low surface concentrations, the MB molecules lie almost flat on the surface, whereas at higher surface concentrations the molecules become vertically oriented.
Vitamin D and bone physiology: demonstration of vitamin D deficiency in an implant osseointegration rat model

Purpose: The patient population varies in nutritional deficiencies, which may confound the host response to biomaterials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a common deficiency of vitamin D on implant osseointegration in the rat model. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained under the cessation of vitamin D intake and UV exposure. The serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D3, 25 OHD3, Ca, and P were determined. Miniature cylindrical Ti6Al4V implants (2-mm long, 1-mm diameter) were fabricated with double acid-etched (DAE) surface or modified DAE with discrete crystalline deposition (DCD) of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. DAE and DCD implants were placed in the femurs of vitamin D-insufficient and control rats. After 14 days of healing, the femur-implant samples were subjected to implant push-in test and nondecalcified histology. The surfaces of recovered implant specimens after the push-in test were further evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The decreased serum level of 25 OHD3 demonstrated the establishment of vitamin D insufficiency in this model. The implant push-in test revealed that DAE and DCD implants in the vitamin D-insufficient group (15.94 ± 8.20 N, n = 7; 15.63 ± 3.96 N, n = 7, respectively) were significantly lower than those of the control group (24.99 ± 7.92 N, n = 7, p < 0.05; 37.48 ± 17.58 N, n = 7, p < 0.01, respectively). The transcortical bone-to-implant contact ratio (BIC) was also significantly decreased in the vitamin D-insufficient group. SEM analyses further suggested that the calcified tissues remaining next to the implant surface after push-in test appeared unusually fragmented. Conclusions: The effect of vitamin D insufficiency significantly impairing the establishment of Ti6Al4V implant osseointegration in vivo was unexpectedly profound. The outcome of Ti-based endosseous implants may be confounded by the increasing prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in our patient population.
CT and angiographic correlates: surgical image of renal mass lesions.

Abstract Twenty-three consecutive patients with surgically proved renal mass lesions were examined preoperatively by means of computerized tomography (CT) and renal angiography. Histopathology of the 23 renal masses included the following: hypernephroma (17), transitional cell carcinoma (3), oncocytoma (2), benign cyst (1). Computed tomography was correct in the preoperative diagnosis of 21 of 23 masses (91 per cent); angiography diagnosis was correct in 18 of 23 consecutive masses (78 per cent). Correlation of the findings on CT and angiography resulted in correct diagnosis in 22 of the 23 lesions (96 per cent). Independently, CT and angiography each contribute essential information for diagnosis and preoperative planning. CT discloses anatomic detail, tissue consistency, organ system relationships, and relatively precise estimates of tumor bulk. Angiography remains a necessary complement providing a surgical image of tumor vascularity and vessel origins.
Estimation of discontinuous coefficients in parabolic systems: applications to reservoir simulation

Spline based techniques for estimating spatially varying parameters that appear in parabolic distributed systems (typical of those found in reservoir simulation problems) are presented. The problem of determining discontinuous coefficients, estimating both the functional shape and points of discontinuity for such parameters is discussed. Convergence results and a summary of numerical performance of the resulting algorithms are given.
Hic-5 controls BMP4 responses in prostate cancer cells through interacting with Smads 1, 5 and 8

Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5 (Hic-5, or androgen receptor-associated protein 55) is a transforming growth factor-β-inducible LIM protein whose deregulation is implicated in the progression of prostate cancer. Here, we report that Hic-5 binds to Smads 1, 5 and 8, and represses bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling responses. Myc-Hic-5 but not Myc-paxillin was specifically immunoprecipitated with anti-FLAG IgG1 from lysates of HEK293 co-transfected with either Myc-Hic-5 or Myc-paxillin and FLAG-tagged Smads 1, 5 or 8. We showed that such interactions require the LIM3 domain of Hic-5 and the MH2 domain of those Smads. Anti-Hic-5 antibody specifically pulled down endogenous Smad1 in both the PC3 human prostate cell line and primary cultures of rat prostate fibroblasts, supporting that Hic-5 binds to Smad1 at the endogenous level. Bacterially expressed glutathione S-transferase (GST)–Smads 1, 5 or 8, but not GST alone, pulled down in vitro transcribed and translated Hic-5, implicating that Hic-5 binds directly to Smads 1, 5 and 8. Significantly, using Hic-5 small hairpin RNA silencing and overexpression systems, we show that Hic-5 (at both the endogenous and exogenous levels) represses the ability of BMP4 to induce expression of the inhibitor of differentiation-1 (Id1; a downstream target gene of BMP), activate the Id1 gene promoter and induce apoptosis in human and rat prostate epithelial cells. Moreover, silencing of Hic-5 in PC3 cells as well as in the WPMY-1 human prostate stroma cell line greatly enhances the levels of endogenous phospho-Smad1/5/8. Finally, we provide fluorescent microscopic imaging to support that Smad1 and Hic-5 mutually interact also at the level of their nuclear export mechanisms. Collectively, these results provide the first evidence for a physical and mutual functional interaction between Hic-5 and the BMP signaling pathway.
Validation of convolution approximation to the thermal-average electron density

Analytic evaluation of the dynamic (thermally smeared) molecular electron density (ED) is described within the LCAO-MO and harmonic-convolution approximations. The key step is to assign vibration probability density functions (PDFs) to the two-center products of Gaussian basis functions used in quantum chemical models, if the PDFs of the nuclear centers are known. Based on internal modes of vibrations of small molecules it is demonstrated how the convoluted ED relates to the stationary (static) ED, as well as to that of the average over an ensemble of static EDs calculated for near-equilibrium nuclear geometries using clamped Hamiltonians. The overall effect of neglecting correlated nuclear motions on the convoluted ED is also illuminated.
Family size and the quality of children

If couples decide to have fewer children in order to achieve higher "quality" offspring, are they correct in assuming that the quality of children bears an important and inverse relation to family size? If they are correct, how does number of children operate to affect individual quality? This research (using U.S. whites primarily) takes educational attainment (among adults) and college plans (among youngsters) as the principal indicators of quality, but also directs some attention to measures of intelligence. The analysis supports the "dilution model" (on average, the more children the lower the quality of each child) and indicates that only children do not suffer from lack of siblings, and that other last-borns are not handicapped by a "teaching deficit." Number of siblings (relative to other background variables) is found to have an important detrimental impact on child quality--an impact compounded by the fact that, when couples are at a stage in life to make family-size decisions, most background factors (however important to the quality of their children) are no longer readily manipulable. A special path analysis of college plans among boys uses a modification of Sewell's Wisconsin Model as its base. The results show that number of siblings is a negative influence on intervening variables affecting college plans. In general, the research documents the unfavorable consequences for individual siblings of high fertility, even in a country that is (at least for whites) as socially, economically, and politically advantaged as the United States.
The Effect of Lysine, a Water‐structure Breaker, on the Stability of Phospholipid‐stabilized Emulsions

Phospholipid-stabilized emulsion properties were studied in the presence of lysine, a water-structure breaker, using two unrelated procedures, photon correlation spectroscopy and a light obscuration instrument. Commercial Intralipid was used as a control. Lysine 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 M induced changes in the size distribution of a non-heated model emulsion system, irrespective of any changes produced by environmental pH. Some of the laboratory-prepared emulsions containing lysine were more stable than the corresponding commercial heat-sterilized product Intralipid, once heated. The results suggest that lysine is producing an effect on the nascent oil-water interface that controls the physical stability of the system. Once the heat-induced interfacial rearrangement of the individual phospholipid molecules occurs, the influence of lysine becomes diminished.
Recovering simple signals

The primary goal of compressed sensing and (non-adaptive) combinatorial group testing is to recover a sparse vector x from an underdetermined set of linear equations Φx = y. Both problems entail solving Φx = y given Φ and y but they use different models of arithmetic, different models of randomness models for F, and different guarantees upon the solution x and the class of signals from which x is drawn. In [1], Lipton introduced a model for error correction where the channel is computationally bounded, subject to standard cryptographic assumptions, and produces the error vector x that must be found and then corrected. This has been extended in [2], [3] to create more efficient schemes against polynomial and logspace bounded channels. Inspired by these results in error correction, we view compressed sensing and combinatorial group testing as an adversarial process, where Mallory the adversary produces the vector x to be measured, with limited information about the matrix Φ. We define a number of computationally bounded models for Mallory and show that there are significant gains (in the minimum number of measurements) to be had by relaxing the model from adversarial to computationally or information-theoretically bounded, and not too much (in some cases, nothing at all) is lost by assuming these models over oblivious or statistical models. We also show that differences in adversarial power give rise to different lower bounds for the number of measurements required to defeat such an adversary. By contrast we show that randomized one pass log space streaming Mallory is almost as powerful as a fully adversarial one for group testing while for compressed sensing such an adversary is as weak as an oblivious one.
Propagation of tropospheric gravity waves into the upper atmosphere of Mars

We study the propagation of gravity waves in the martian atmosphere using a linearized one-dimensional full-wave model. Calculations are carried out for atmospheric parameters characteristic of Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (on Mars Global Surveyor MGS) observations of apparent gravity waves in high latitude clouds and MGS radio occultation measurements of temperature variations with height suggestive of gravity wave activity. Waves that reach the thermosphere produce fluctuations in density comparable in amplitude with the density variations detected in Mars Odyssey aerobraking data. Gravity waves of modest amplitude are found to deposit momentum and generate significant heating and cooling in the martian atmosphere. The largest heating and cooling effects occur in the thermosphere, at altitudes between about 130 and 150 km, with heating occurring at the lower altitudes and cooling taking place above.
Detection of embedded code smells in dynamic web applications

In dynamic Web applications, there often exists a type of code smells, called embedded code smells, that violate important principles in software development such as software modularity and separation of concerns, resulting in much maintenance effort. Detecting and fixing those code smells is crucial yet challenging since the code with smells is embedded and generated from the server-side code. We introduce WebScent, a tool to detect such embedded code smells. WebScent first detects the smells in the generated code, and then locates them in the server-side code using the mapping between client-side code fragments and their embedding locations in the server program, which is captured during the generation of those fragments. Our empirical evaluation on real-world Web applications shows that 34%-81% of the tested server files contain embedded code smells. We also found that the source files with more embedded code smells are likely to have more defects and scattered changes, thus potentially require more maintenance effort.
Studies on hypoxia: XII. Detrimental effects of synthetic polyribonucleotides on epiphyseal plates of rats exposed to hypoxia.

The effect of different doses of polyadenylic and polyuridylic acids (poly A:U) was studied in control rats and in rats exposed to hypoxia. In the control rats, administration of different doses of poly A:U did not change the thickness of the epiphyseal plate or increase the incorporation of3H-phenylalanine as judged using radioautography. Rats exposed to hypoxia showed a significant dose-related reduction in the thickness of the epiphyseal plate and 3H-phenylalanine incorporation.
Report of the First Acquisitions Institute at Timberline Lodge

The first acquisitions institute at Timberline Lodge was held May 20–23, 2000. The theme of the institute was “Acquisitions and Collection Development in the 21st Century.” Timberline Lodge is a na...
Interacting-boson-approximation E 2 operator in deformed nuclei

The structure of the interacting boson approximation E2 operator appropriate to deformed nuclei is investigated. It is shown that, in the SU(3) limit of the Hamiltonian, the relative B(E2) values of transitions between different representations of SU(3) are independent of the parametrization chosen for the operator. This feature leads to a better understanding of the geometrical analogues of the bands predicted by the interacting boson approximation. More generally, a study of empirical B(E2) values in the deformed rare earth nuclei indicates the suitability of an almost constant form for the E2 operator across the region, and it is shown that the deduced form of the operator automatically predicts a universal dominance of ..gamma -->..g and ..beta --> gamma.. transitions, over ..beta -->..g transitions.
Room-Temperature Molten Salts of Ruthenium Tris(bipyridine)

Attaching poly(ethylene glycol)−mono(methyl ether) (MW 350) chains to [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complexes via 4,4‘-bipyridine ester linkages produces room temperature, highly viscous, molten salt forms of this well-known complex. This paper describes the synthesis and properties of a series of such complexes bearing two, four, or six polyether chains. Differential scanning calorimetry, rheometry, microelectrode voltammetry, and ac impedance spectroscopy were used to determine the dependence of physical and transport properties of the Ru complex melts on the number of polyether tails. The coupling of electron hopping and physical diffusion in voltammetrically generated mixed-valent layers is analyzed using the Dahms−Ruff relationship, yielding self-exchange rate constants, kex, for the Ru(III/II) and Ru(II/I) couples. An activation analysis shows that these reactions are adiabatic, or nearly so, and the slowing of their rates relative to that of the parent [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complex in fluid solutions is caused by large ther...
First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus Infection in Pachysandra in the United States.

Pachysandra terminalis Siebold & Zucc. (Japanese pachysandra, spurge) is widely used as a groundcover. In early 2012, Japanese pachysandra plants from Missouri, which originated in Pennsylvania, showed symptoms of light and dark green mosaic, leaf deformation, concentric ringspots, and stunting. Initial screening of symptomatic leaf tissue by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using partially purified extracts confirmed the presence of spherical (~28 nm) and bacilliform (18-nm diameter, 35- to 58-nm length) virus particles. Immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) using antisera to a clover isolate of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) (PVAS 92) and to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) (ATCC PVAS-30) obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, confirmed the presence of AMV and CMV. No other type of virus-like particles were observed by TEM. After 6 months, nearly 20% of the 4,000 pachysandra cuttings exhibited the described symptoms. However, it is possible that more than 20% of the cuttings w...
New democrats: religious actors, social change and democratic consolidation in Turkey

I analyze the positive and leading role religious actors play in democratic consolidation in Turkey in recent years. I argue that major social changes might lead to such outcomes. Empirically, I show that two major religious actors in Turkey—the Gulen Movement and the Justice and Development Party (AKP)—have adopted favorable positions on EU membership, ethnic and religious minorities, and pluralism in the last decade. This remarkable transformation owes its existence to the economic liberalization reforms initiated in the early 1980s, and the “post-modern coup” of 1997. This transformation reflects the need of both religious actors for greater democracy from a purely self-interested perspective. The Gulen Movement prefers an open and democratic system to sustain its organizational existence. The AKP responds to the preferences of its own constituency. These unique conditions have made two religious actors catalysts of democratization along with some liberal democrats in Turkey. Empirically, I rely on European Union’s Turkey progress reports and a recent analysis of religious Turkish media to support the argument.
Diastolic retroperfusion of acutely ischemic myocardium.

Abstract The effectiveness of coronary venous retroperfusion treatment of an ischemic myocardial segment was assessed by measurements of regional and global myocardial function in 16 dogs. The left anterior descending coronary artery was acutely occluded for 75 minutes. After the first 30 minutes of occlusion, diastolic retroperfusion was instituted for 45 minutes by synchronized pumping of arterial blood from the brachial artery into the anterior interventricular coronary vein. Data collected in the preocclusion control period, during occlusion and the subsequent retroperfusion period included simultaneous measurement of ischemic and border zone myocardial forces, epicardial electrocardiographic S-T segments, intracoronary pressure, coronary blood flow and oxygen pressure (PO 2 ) sampled distal to the site of occlusion. Retroperfusion resulted in significant improvement from the level of regional dysfunction observed after 30 minutes of occlusion: Ischemic zone myocardial force increased 106 percent, epicardial S-T elevation decreased 46 percent, normalized peripheral left anterior descending coronary arterial flow increased 50 percent and distal left anterior descending PO 2 decreased 44 percent. These regional improvements were significant when compared with findings in an untreated series of 12 dogs with 75 minutes occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Diastolic-augmented coronary venous retroperfusion with arterial blood provided significant but not complete restoration of function in the ischemic segment. Therefore, in the earliest phase of acute myocardial infarction, retroperfusion might represent a useful temporary support to an otherwise inaccessible jeopardized zone of the heart. Regional retroperfusion may constitute an effective emergency procedure, particularly when the occlusive lesions are diffuse and other medical or surgical emergency procedures are inadvisable, unavailable or ineffective.
Properties of occurrence-exposure rate processes in multiple decrement theory

Abstract In a basic multiple decrement model empirical occurrence-exposure rates are defined for each of k risks to which a cohort from an animal or human population is exposed over a time interval. These rates are viewed as the evolution of a stochastic process. Some asymptotic properties of this process are considered. Weak convergence of the process and its uniform strong convergence are shown under mild conditions.
Characterization of submillimetre quasi-optical twin-slot double-junction SIS mixers

We report on the continuing development of submillimetre quasi-optical slot antenna SIS mixers, which use two-junction tuning circuits. Direct and heterodyne Fourier transform spectrometer measurements have been performed to compare device performance with predictions. Demonstrated double-sideband receiver noise temperatures of better than 540 K at 808 GHz make these SIS mixers substantially better than GaAs Schottky receivers for the astronomically important CI and CO transitions near 810 GHz.
If I'm So White, Why Ain't I Right? Some Methodological Misgivings on Taking Identity Ascriptions at Face-Value1

Sociologists enjoy, but don't always observe, a verbal distinction between the sociological and the social. Lexically-disadvantaged others simply pursue the psychological analysis of the psychological or the historical assessment of the historical. Yet, a clear separation of conceptual approach from its subject target is crucial. Discipline-specific conceptual reconstructions must supersede prevailing social constructions of reality, if scientific explanation is to transcend common sense. This issue is explored through a critique of the sociology of “race” relations and its more recent focus on “Whiteness” studies, both of them social constructions which, like Trojan Horses, intrude social biases that blunt the analytic edge of sociological probes into vital facets of power disparities.
Yale FICSIT : risk factor abatement strategy for fall prevention

Based on finding a strong association between number of impairments and risk of falling in earlier studies, Yale FICSIT investigators are conducting an intervention trial comparing the effectiveness of usual care plus social visits (SV) and a targeted risk abatement intervention (TI) strategy in reducing falls among at risk community elderly persons. Subjects include members of a participating HMO who are > or = 70 years of age, cognitively intact, not terminally ill, not too physically active, and possess at least one fall risk factor. The targeted risk factors include postural hypotension; sedative use; at least four targeted medications; upper and lower extremity strength and range of motion impairments; foot problems; and balance, gait, and transfer dysfunctions. The interventions include medication adjustments, behavioral change recommendations, education and training, and home-based exercise regimens targeting the identified risk factors. The interventions are carried out by the study nurse practitioner and physical therapist in TI subjects' homes. The SV subjects receive a comparable number of home visits as the TI subjects during which a structured life review is performed by social work students. The primary outcome is occurrence of falls during the 12-month followup. Secondary outcomes include change in mobility performance and fall-related efficacy.
Modulation of the breather frequency in the ac-driven sine-Gordon system with loss

Abstract In the sine-Gordon system with loss a breather can be maintained in a steady state if an ac-force of sufficient strength is applied. A small disturbance of this steady state results in a modulation of the breather frequency. The frequency of the modulation is much smaller than the breather frequency and the modulation eventually decays. This modulation frequency is determined by a perturbation method and compared with numerical experiments. Excellent agreement is found.
Abyssal teleconnections: Interactive dynamics of the deep ocean circulation

Abstract A teleconnective linkage between two abyssal water masses consists of one or more zones of interaction, arranged sequentially in space and time. The properties, spatial extent, and advective nature of one of these water masses are directly influenced by the presence of the other via the zones of interaction. The sequence of components in the linkage may in some instances be configured linearly and respond in an irreversible fashion. In other instances the linkage is not unidirectional, but may include one or more feedback “loops” representing the dependence of each water mass upon the properties and extent of the other. Three types of water mass interaction are represented in the modern oceans; these are designated as: (1) re-inforcing, (2) lateral blocking/re-direction, and (3) wedging. The criteria for discriminating between these types are geometrical, yet the physical processes and rates of interaction may be distinguishable between, and perhaps characteristics of, these different configurations. Regions of water mass interaction are marked by sharp gradients of water column properties, each of which is spatially restricted to a narrow interval of the overall mixing zone. Sediment characteristics exhibit a similar pattern: There is a broad transition zone within which each geological gradient is restricted to a relatively narrow interval. One must distinguish between sediment indicators which reflect water properties and those which reflect water column advection, and avoid inferring one type of waters characteristic from geological indices which are inappropriate for identifying such characteristics. It is not possible to specify a priori all of the components of a teleconnection linkage. We can identify critical zones of interaction, and search for evidence of “threshold events” which contributed to the initiation or the breaking of a particular linkage. In order to establish the spatial and temporal sequence of components in a complex linkage, we must identify the frequency response and phase response spectra in high-resolution time series of appropriate paleocenographic indices at key locations.
Fundamental aspects of organometallic vapor phase epitaxy

This review discusses new developments in our attempts to understand the fundamental aspects of organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE), a process now widely used in the manufacture of III/V materials for photonic and electronic applications. It includes discussions of thermodynamic, hydrodynamic, and kinetic aspects of the growth process, with an emphasis on recent developments in the area of surface processes. The bonding at the surface during OMVPE growth is found to be determined mainly by thermodynamic factors. However, features such as steps and kinks are controlled by kinetic factors. The surface bonding, including that determined by the step structure, is just being discovered as being a key determining factor in the fundamental growth processes, including adsorption/desorption, surface pyrolysis reactions, and surface diffusion. Thus, surface processes determine many aspects of the growth process and, in many cases, the properties of the resulting epitaxial layers.
Percolation dimension of fractals

Abstract “Percolation dimension” is introduced in this note. It characterizes certain fractals and its definition is based on the Hausdorff dimension. It is shown that percolation dimension and “boundary dimension” are in a sense independent from the Hausdorff dimension and, therefore, privide an additional tool for classification of fractals.
Anomalous Capture and Emission from Internal Surfaces of Semiconductor Voids: Nanopores in SiC

Deep level transient spectroscopy in nanoporous, $n$-type SiC reveals a new type of deep $(\ensuremath{\sim}0.8\mathrm{eV})$ trap that can hold more than 100 electrons and that has anomalous capture and emission behavior. Here we quantitatively explain these effects with a new, general formalism that treats both emission and capture in the presence of dynamic energy barriers, resulting from the charging and discharging of states on the internal surfaces of voids, such as pores or nanopipes. The capture kinetics display a logarithmic time dependence over a certain filling range, as has often been observed in connection with dislocation-related trapping.
Experimental evidence in man of the electrocardiographic manifestations of papillary muscle dysfunction

Abstract ECG changes previously ascribed to disease of the anterolateral papillary muscles were seen in the six patients who had excision of the papillary muscle with replacement of the mitral valve, whereas no patients who had “open” commissurotomy without injury to or removal of the papillary muscles had such changes. These findings support the concept that electric forces originating in the injured papillary muscle cause ECG changes previously described for papillary muscle disease and dysfunction.
Modeling of “Pad-in-a-Bottle”: A Novel Planarization Process Using Suspended Polymer Beads

The “pad-in-a-bottle” (PIB) approach to planarization is a non-traditional chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process in which slurry containing polymer beads is used. The approach is hypothesized to be able to perform polishing by mixing polymer beads with similar chemical and mechanical properties as pad asperities into the slurry to provide force application and polishing contacts, so that a traditional CMP pad is not needed. Pad-in-a-bottle could provide predictable and controllable mechanical contacts through bead size control, which could substantially reduce process variability. Pad-in-a-bottle also has the potential to reduce the CMP consumable cost. In this work, we propose a physical model to understand the behavior of the pad-in-a-bottle approach and estimate the relationship of applied pressure and material removal rate in this variant of CMP. Two specific cases of polymer bead formation are considered in our modeling work, bead packing and bead stacking. Model prediction shows that the two bead formation cases generate distinctly different polishing mechanisms: material removal is applied pressure driven in bead packing, but contact event driven in bead stacking. The physical model suggests that in future experiments or applications of pad-in-a-bottle, a polymer bead size distribution or shape variation may be needed to achieve efficient material removal.
Geography and computational social science

The emergence of computational social science has had a transformative influence on the geographical sciences, integrating diverse themes of scholarship and allying it with the pursuit of grand challenges in the physical, natural, and life sciences. Geography has benefitted from many of these devel- opments and has, in turn, catalyzed significant advances and innovation in computational social science. In this paper, I explore the relationship between geography, computing, and the social sci- ences by examining the evolution of some central themes in the computational social sciences: com- plexity, informatics, modeling and simulation, infor- mation visualization, cyberspace, socio-technical systems, and semantic computing.
A metabolic myopathy associated with chronic lactic acidemia, growth failure, and nerve deafness.

Two sisters with signs of growth failure, severe muscle weakness, and moderate neural deafness had identical abnormalities on muscle biopsy. Light microscopy revealed areas of “granular necrosis” which proved to be large and numerous mitochondria. Biochemical assessment has revealed large amounts of alanine in the urine, as well as hyperalaninemia and reduced clearance from the blood of an oral alanine load. Pyruvate concentration in the blood was found to be elevated, and each girl had marked lactic acidemia. This led to a fatal episode of lactic acidosis in the younger girl.