cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lectins and heparin-binding features of human spermatozoa as analyzed by flow cytometry

Sperm cell surface characteristics may serve as a useful diagnostic feature for the evaluation of seminal samples, but to date no useful analytical method(s) is available for their routine quantitative analysis. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated lectins, proteins with unique and specific saccharide-binding characteristics, and heparin are potentially useful markers for such an analytical procedure. A protocol is outlined whereby frozen semen is thawed and treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated soybean agglutinin SBA ( Glycine max ), peanut agglutinin PNA ( Arachis hypogaea ), and garden pea agglutinin PSA ( Pisum satimm ) lectins or fluorescein isothiocyanate-heparin to assess differences in spermatozoa-bound fluorochrome by flow cytometry. Use of propidium iodide to identify nuclei containing sperm cells within the ejaculate is essential to the method because of the large amount of debris associated with the samples. The precision of the assay is high, with the coefficient of variation for the individual probes being p
Rosette formation between human T-lymphocytes and unsensitized rhesus monkey erythrocytes.

Abstract Between 60 and 70% of peripheral blood lymphocytes in healthy adults form rosettes with rhesus monkey erythrocytes. Less than 2% of these rosetting lymphocytes carry detectable amounts of surface immunoglobulins. Using thymocytes, peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal adults or from patients with T cell deficiencies, a linear correlation existed between the percentages of rosettes formed with rhesus monkey and with sheep erythrocytes. It is concluded that rosette formation with rhesus monkey red cells is a feature of human T lymphocytes. Rosette inhibition experiments suggest that two different, though similar lymphocyte receptors are responsible for rosette formation with sheep, and with monkey erythrocytes. Both receptors are present in accessible form only on T lymphocytes, but can be demonstrated on B lymphocytes after Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase treatment.
The CRES gene: a unique testis-regulated gene related to the cystatin family is highly restricted in its expression to the proximal region of the mouse epididymis.

As a result of examining regional-specific gene expression in the mouse epididymis, a novel cystatin-related epididymal specific (CRES) gene was identified. Substantial homology between the CRES gene and members of the cystatin family of cysteine proteinase inhibitors was observed at the amino acid level. This homology included the presence of four highly conserved cysteine residues in exact alignment with the cystatins as well as other regions of sequence characteristic of the cystatins. However, unlike the cystatins, the CRES gene does not contain specific highly conserved sequence motifs thought to be necessary for cysteine proteinase inhibitory activity. Also, in contrast to the ubiquitous expression of the cystatin C gene, Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization demonstrated that the CRES gene is very restricted in its expression. The 0.75-kilobase CRES transcript is dramatically restricted to the very proximal caput region of the epididymis with 15- to 20-fold less expression in the testis ...
A Comparison of Rural Elementary School Teacher Attitudes Toward Three Modes of Distance Education for Science Professional Development

Distance education is a significant topic of discussion among faculty at all levels of education. This study produced evidence regarding the attitudes toward three distance education delivery modes for science professional development. The study involved 94 elementary school teachers who were participating in a professional development project. The three distance education strategies studied were live, interactive television (Live); videotape presentations with live wrap-around discussions (Video); and asynchronous, Web-based sessions with streamed video presentations supported by interaction through discussion boards (Web). A repeated measures design was used to analyze the attitudes of the study participants. Data on the participants’ attitudes toward their distance education involvement were collected through the CTLSilhouette™ instrument.
Modeling the mechanical response of a material undergoing continuous isothermal crystallization

Abstract The gradual transition seen in polymer crystallization is modeled. A constitutive equation is developed to follow the mechanical behavior of a crystallizing polymer before, during, and after the completion of crystallization. The post-crystallization response of the material is studied and shown to be “elastic”. The symmetries of the post-crystallization response are defined and calculated for crystallization under several deformation histories.
Kenya Enters the Fertility Transition

Contraceptive prevalence is rising and fertility is falling in Kenya, and the speed with which these changes are occurring suggests that Kenya has passed a turning point and entered a transition. In this paper the author explores these recent trends with data from the 1989 Kenya Demographic Health Survey and several other small-scale surveys and qualitative research studies. Underlying the changed contraceptive – fertility behaviour, there appears to have been a major shift in attitudes regarding desired family size. In the second part of the paper the earlier almost universally pessimistic predictions regarding fertility in Kenya, which now appear to have been wrong are considered. Since Kenya has emerged as a bellwether among sub-saharan African states, these earlier predictions are re-examined with a view to learning from their mistakes. It is concluded that incorrect theoretical paradigms and assumptions led to the erroneous results, rather more than incorrect data, or analysis.
Multiobjective Stochastic Inoperability Decision Tree for Infrastructure Preparedness

AbstractDecision making for managing risks to critical infrastructure systems requires accounting for (1) the uncertain behavior of disruptive events; and (2) the interdependent nature of such systems that lead to large-scale inoperability. This paper integrates a dynamic risk-based interdependency model, the dynamic inoperability input-output model, with a multiobjective decision tree to analyze preparedness decisions. The use of a dynamic model allows for resilience and recovery decisions to be incorporated in the decision-making framework, and uncertainty is accounted for using probability distributions. The multiobjective inoperability decision tree is applied to the study of transportation infrastructure disruptions, namely closures of an inland waterway and an inland waterway port. A data-driven multiregional study of the Port of Catoosa in Oklahoma, along the Mississippi River Navigation System, is discussed and suggests careful consideration when investing larger amounts toward port security.
Intrahemispheric differentiation of vowels: principal component analysis of auditory evoked responses to computer-synthesized vowel sounds.

Abstract Auditory evoked brain responses (AER) were recorded in response to a series of synthesized vowel sounds which varied in formant bandwidth. Multivariate analyses indicated that changes in AER component structure recorded from different scalp regions over both hemispheres varied as a function of different vowel sounds and formant bandwidth. No interhemispheric differences in scalp AER distributions were noted.
Temperature dependence and angular variation of ESR line widths in two-dimensional manganese(II) bromide salts

Abstract Angular and temperature dependence of the ESR line widths of (RNH 3 ) 2 MnBr 4 salts give evidence for exchange coupling and the two-dimensional nature of the systems.
Examining the structural and functional roles of the β-turn region in neuropeptide Y

The functional importance of residues 9–12 (-Gly-Glu-Asp-Ala-) in the β-turn region of the pancreatic polypeptide-fold (PP-fold) conformation of neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been investigated. Analogs were synthesized that incorporated a dibenzofuran-based β-turn template (DBF) in place of either the central two residues in the turn, or all four β-turn residues: [(1–9)-DBF-(12–36)]-NPY and [(1–8)-DBF-(13–36)]-NPY, respectively. In addition, [Gln10-Asn11]-NPY and [Lys10-Arg11]-NPY were synthesized, to examine the role of the anionic side chains in the β-turn region, and the molecular macrodipole associated with the PP-fold conformation. Circular dichroism (CD) spectropolarimetry indicated that [(1–8)-DBF-(13–36)]-NPY retained the PP-fold conformation, but [(1–9)-DBF-(12–36)]-NPY did not. However, both analogs had significantly lower potencies than NPY in rat-brain receptor binding and rat-vas-deferens (RVD) assays. In contrast, [Gln10-Asn11]-NPY and [Lys10-Arg11]-NPY gave CD spectra, and receptor-binding and RVD activities comparable to those of NPY. We conclude that a large molecular macrodipole is not essential for NPY folding or for full agonist potency in these pharmacological assays.
Duration Neglect in Retrospective Evaluations of Affective Episodes

Two experiments documented a phenomenon of duration neglect in people's global evaluations of past affective experiences. In Study 1, 32 Ss viewed aversive film clips and pleasant film clips that varied in duration and intensity. Ss provided real-time ratings of affect during each clip and global evaluations of each clip when it was over. In Study 2, 96 Ss viewed these same clips and later ranked them by their contribution to an overall experience of pleasantness (or unpleasantness). Experimental Ss ranked the films from memory; control Ss were informed of the ranking task in advance and encouraged to make evaluations on-line. Effects of film duration on retrospective evaluations were small, entirely explained by changes in real-time affect and further reduced when made from memory. Retrospective evaluations appear to be determined by a weighted average of "snapshots" of the actual affective experience, as if duration did not matter.
A micro-compression study of shape-memory deformation in U-13 at.% Nb

Microcompression specimens, 10–15 µm in diameter by 20–30 µm in height, were produced from individual parent grains in a polycrystalline U–13 at.%Nb shape-memory alloy using the focused ion beam technique. The specimens were tested in a nanoindentation instrument with a flat diamond tip to investigate stress–strain behavior as a function of crystallographic orientation. The results are in qualitative agreement with a single-crystal accommodation strain (Bain strain) model of the shape-memory effect for this alloy.
TrueErase: per-file secure deletion for the storage data path

The ability to securely delete sensitive data from electronic storage is becoming important. However, current per-file deletion solutions tend to be limited to a segment of the operating system's storage data path or specific to particular file systems or storage media.This paper introduces TrueErase, a holistic secure-deletion framework. Through its design, implementation, verification, and evaluation, TrueErase shows that it is possible to build a legacy-compatible full-storage-data-path framework that performs per-file secure deletion and works with common file systems and solid-state storage, while handling common system failures. In addition, this framework can serve as a building block for encryption- and tainting-based secure-deletion systems.
Early catastrophic failure of trochanteric fixation with the Dall-Miles Cable Grip System.

Abstract Multi-filament orthopaedic cerclage cables have been used in clinical practice for several decades, and are commonly utilized to provide greater trochanteric fixation following an osteotomy or fracture. We present the first known report of patients who experienced early catastrophic failure following use of the Dall-Miles Cable Grip System (DMCGS). A root cause analysis determined that the jaws of one crimper had an increased distance at closure, resulting in inadequate ultimate fixation strength. It was discovered that operating room staff had not been trained to perform regular calibration checks and the required calibration tool was not included in any of the institution’s DMCGS sets. Surgeons should be aware that these surgical instruments require regular maintenance and should be gauge tested prior to every use.
Evolution of load transfer between hydroxyapatite and collagen during creep deformation of bone

While the matrix/reinforcement load-transfer occurring at the micro- and nanoscale in nonbiological composites subjected to creep deformation is well understood, this topic has been little studied in biological composites such as bone. Here, for the first time in bone, the mechanisms of time-dependent load transfer occurring at the nanoscale between the collagen phase and the hydroxyapatite (HAP) platelets are studied. Bovine cortical bone samples are subjected to synchrotron X-ray diffraction to measure in situ the evolution of elastic strains in the crystalline HAP phase and the evolution of viscoelastic strains accumulating in the mineralized collagen fibrils under creep conditions at body temperature. For a constant compressive stress, both types of strains increase linearly with time. This suggests that bone, as it deforms macroscopically, is behaving as a traditional composite, shedding load from the more compliant, viscoelastic collagen matrix to the reinforcing elastic HAP platelets. This behavior is modeled by finite-element simulation carried out at the fibrillar level.
Prevalence of Secondary Lymphedema in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer

Abstract Context Because surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy disrupt lymphatic structures, damage soft tissue leading to scar tissue formation and fibrosis, and further affect lymphatic function, patients with head and neck cancer may be at high risk for developing secondary lymphedema. Yet, no published data are available regarding the prevalence of secondary lymphedema after head and neck cancer treatment. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine prevalence of secondary lymphedema in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods The study included 81 patients with head and neck cancer who were three months or more post-treatment. External lymphedema was staged using Foldi's lymphedema scale. Internal lymphedema was identified through a flexible fiber-optic endoscopic or mirror examination. Patterson's scale was used to grade degrees of internal lymphedema. Results Of the 81 patients, 75.3% (61 of 81) had some form of late-effect lymphedema. Of those, 9.8% (6 of 61) only had external, 39.4% (24 of 61) only had internal, and 50.8% (31 of 61) had both types. Conclusion Lymphedema is a common late effect in patients with head and neck cancer, and it develops in multiple external and internal anatomical locations. During physical examination and endoscopic procedures, clinicians should assess patients with head and neck cancer for late-effect lymphedema. Referral for treatment should be considered when lymphedema is noted. Research is needed to examine risk factors of lymphedema in patients with head and neck cancer and its effects on patients' symptoms, function, and quality of life.
MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES REGULATE NEOVASCULARIZATION BY ACTING AS PERICELLULAR FIBRINOLYSINS

During angiogenesis, endothelial cells penetrate fibrin barriers via undefined proteolytic mechanisms. We demonstrate that the fibrinolytic plasminogen activator (PA)-plasminogen system is not required for this process, since tissues isolated from PA- or plasminogen-deficient mice successfully neovascularize fibrin gels. By contrast, neovessel formation, in vitro and in vivo, is dependent on fibrinolytic, endothelial cell-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). MMPs directly regulate this process as invasion-incompetent cells penetrate fibrin barriers when transfected with the most potent fibrinolytic metalloproteinase identified in endothelium, membrane type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP). Membrane display of MT1-MMP is required, as invasion-incompetent cells expressing a fibrinolytically active, transmembrane-deleted form of MT1-MMP remain noninvasive. These observations identify a PA-independent fibrinolytic pathway wherein tethered MMPs function as pericellular fibrinolysins during the neovascularization process.
Kaplan–Meier representation of competing risk estimates

Abstract A novel representation for the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator (NPMLE) of the failure time distributions in the competing risks problem with right-censored data is derived. This representation shows that the NPMLE can be calculated by a Kaplan–Meier survival function for each failure type, where an appropriate fraction of the censored observations contribute to each risk set.
The HeLa DNA-synthesis inhibition test as a rapid screen for mutagenic carcinogens

90 agents have been tested in the HeLa DNA-synthesis inhibition test. This test detects strong mutagens and carcinogens except when difficulties with metabolic activation are encountered. Weaker DNA-damaging agents are generally positive in the test but require relatively high concentrations (greater than 1 mM). Very weak agents, such as saccharin, are not positive. Only 1 false positive has been encountered and the dose response for it (cytochalasin B) is atypical. The test does not seem suitable for complex mixtures, probably because ingredients that do not damage DNA but inhibit DNA synthesis by another mechanism can mask the action of a DNA-damaging agent. Inhibition of DNA synthesis in HeLa and other mammalian cells is best used as a rapid and inexpensive screening procedure to detect relatively strong mutagenic carcinogens.
CI-1033, an irreversible pan-erbB receptor inhibitor and its potential application for the treatment of breast cancer

The erbB family of cell surface receptor proteins consists of four members, all of which play a role in the development and growth of the normal breast. The activity of this signaling pathway is normally tightly controlled, and dysregulation has been shown to play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of breast and other cancers. The potent transforming potential of these receptors is further enhanced by the coexpression of multiple members of this receptor family, which worsens prognosis. Therapeutic blockade of erbB-2 receptor signaling has to date been shown to be effective in only a subset of chemotherapy-resistant breast cancer patients. CI-1033 is a highly potent and selective pan-erbB inhibitor that efficiently blocks signal transduction through all four members of the erbB receptor family. In addition, it covalently binds to these receptors, irreversibility inhibiting them, and thereby provides for prolonged suppression of erbB receptor-mediated signaling. Clinically, it has been shown to have an acceptable side effect profile at potentially therapeutic doses and schedules. Biomarker studies have shown target inhibition in patients, and evidence of antitumor activity has also been observed in phase I studies. Given the broad expression pattern of the erbB family of receptors in solid tumors, and the important proliferative effect of co-expression of multiple erbB receptors, CI-1033, as an irreversible, pan-erbB inhibitor, has the potential to have an important role in the future treatment of breast and other cancers.
Ethics and Comprehensive Diagnosis

This paper briefly reviews basic concepts of ethics, including its meanings and dimensions and its relationship to culture. It then examines the ethical bases of medicine and psychiatry. Of particular relevance here is the connection between ethics as concern for totality and the fundamentals of health and healing. Next, the ethical bases and implications of clinical diagnosis are considered. Finally, the paper outlines the features of a comprehensive diagnostic model and explicates how ethics is linked to the integrative nature of comprehensive diagnosis and its therapeutic purpose.
Thermal degradation of the tensile strength of unidirectional boron/aluminum composites

The variation of ultimate tensile strength with thermal treatment of B-Al composite materials and of boron fibers chemically removed from these composites in an attempt to determine the mechanism of the resulting strength degradation was studied. Findings indicate that thermally cycling B-Al represents a more severe condition than equivalent time at temperature. Degradation of composite tensile strength from about 1.3 GN/m squared to as low as 0.34 GN/m squared was observed after 3,000 cycles to 420 C for 203 micrometers B-1100 Al composite. In general, the 1100 Al matrix composites degraded somewhat more than the 6061 matrix material studied. Measurement of fiber strengths confirmed a composite strength loss due to the degradation of fiber strength. Microscopy indicated a highly flawed fiber surface.
Electrodeposition of Gold on Silicon Nucleation and Growth Phenomena

Gold electrodeposition on n-Si(100) surface was investigated by performing a detailed study on nucleation and growth. The effects of additives such as thallium, applied potential and current density, and bulk gold concentration were studied. With addition of thallium in the solution, enhancement and inhibition of the gold deposition were observed at low potential and high potential, respectively. The nucleation of gold on Si was found to depend on the Au concentration and applied potential as well as the Tl + addition. At low current densities Tl + increases the Au nuclei size and decreases the density by catalyzing the nuclei growth. At high current densities, an opposite effect was observed. An adsorbed thallium intermediate species is proposed to explain both the catalytic and suppressive effects.
Test criteria for model-checking-assisted test case generation: A computational study

Test case generation is often cited as one of the most challenging tasks in testing dependable systems [9]. Besides benefits as a verification technique by its own right, model checking is emerging as an efficient method for automating test case generation. Existing testing criteria and a range of new criteria, namely the vacuity-based ones, inspired by formal requirements have been used in model-checking-assisted test generation. This paper reviews some of these existing and new test criteria. We developed a unified framework for evaluating the effectiveness of these test criteria and the efficiency of model-checking-assisted test generation for these criteria. The benefits of this work are three-fold: first, the computational study carried out in this work assesses the practical effectiveness and efficiency of model-checking-assisted test case generation, which are important metrics to consider for selecting the right test criteria and test generation approach. Second, we propose a unified test generation framework based on generalized Buchi automata. The framework uses the same off-the-shelf model checker, in this case, SPIN model checker [10], to generate test cases for different criteria and compare them on a consistent basis. Last but not least, we describe in great details the methodology and automated test generation environment that we developed on the basis of our unified framework. Such details are of interest to researchers who needs to carry out their own experimental study on test criteria, and to practitioners who want to integrate model-checking-assisted test generation into their testing process.
The politics of adjustment in Kenya and Zimbabwe: The state as intermediary

In considering the selection and implementation of adjustment strategies in Africa, it is critical the analyze the role of the state as the main intermediary between international creditors and domestic societal interests. The state is at the locus of interaction with the former in identifying a debt management strategy as a means to protect state interests and with the latter in assessing and distributing the costs of adjustment. With this role of the state in mind, an adjustment strategy becomes a series of state-enacted policies that are molded by the interaction of domestic political groups and international creditors as they seek to control the costs of adjustment in a highly polticized environment. In order to identify and explain the selection of adjustment strategies in Kenya and Zimbabwe, this article examines the state's relationship with societal interests, the financing of adjustment from international creditors, and the distributive consequences of adjustment.
Integrated circuit regulators

Integrated-circuit regulators, both 3-terminal fixed and switching regulators, have enhanced and simplified power-supply design. The article gives some insight into the operation and design flexibility of the itegrated regulator
The Ineffectiveness of a Minute Oral Dose of Alpha-Estradiol as a Fattening Agent for Broilers

Abstract Natural estrogens or their derivatives have not been used for chemical caponization or fattening of broilers because of their relatively greater cost as compared to the cost of synthetic estrogens. Natural estrogens would be economically practical fattening agents however, if sufficiently potent to be used in small quantities. Rawson (1947) received reports from practicing veterinarians that a single oral dose of 0.5 mg. alpha-estradiol (Ovocylin-Ciba) effectively inhibited development of secondary sex characters and stimulated fat deposition in young cockerels. Since these observations did not indicate that carefully controlled experiments had been conducted, it was decided to repeat the work for possible verification. EXPERIMENTAL Ninety cockerels, 1 six-weeks of age were divided according to weight into three very uniform groups averaging 0.72, 0.90, and 1.05 lbs. There were 16 birds in the first group, 62 in the second, and 12 in the third group. Each of these groups was divided at random . . .
Quantitative Laser-Induced Incandescence Measurements of Soot in Turbulent Pool Fires

Laser-induced incandescence measurements have recently been obtained from 10% and 30% toluene in methanol blended fuel pool fires of 2-m diameter. Calibration of the instrument was performed using an ethylene/air laminar diffusion flame produced by a Santoro-type burner which allowed the extraction of absolute soot-volume-fractions from these images. Performance of the optical probe was characterized using the laminar diffusion flame and corrections were implemented for signal dependence upon detector gain, flat field, and location within the probe laser sheet when processing the images. Probability density functions of the soot-volume fraction were constructed for the blended fuels used in this study and the mean values were determined to be 0.0077 and 0.028 ppm for the 10% and 30% blended fuels, respectively. Signal trapping was estimated for the two types of blended fuel and it was determined to be negligible for the 10% toluene/methanol blend and require {approx}10% correction for the 30% toluene/methanol blend.
VMY-1-103 is a novel CDK inhibitor that disrupts chromosome organization and delays metaphase progression in medulloblastoma cells

Medulloblastoma is the most prevalent of childhood brain malignancies, constituting 25% of childhood brain tumors. Craniospinal radiotherapy is a standard of care, followed by a 12-month regimen of multi-agent chemotherapy. For children less than 3 years of age, irradiation is avoided due to its destructive effects on the developing nervous system. Long-term prognosis is worst for these youngest children and more effective treatment strategies with a better therapeutic index are needed. VMY-1-103, a novel dansylated analog of purvalanol B, was previously shown to inhibit cell cycle progression and proliferation in prostate and breast cancer cells more effectively than purvalanol B. In the current study, we have identified new mechanisms of action by which VMY-1-103 affected cellular proliferation in medulloblastoma cells. VMY-1-103, but not purvalanol B, significantly decreased the proportion of cells in S phase and increased the proportion of cells in G2/M. VMY-1-103 increased the sub G1 fraction of apop...
Transient response of a tall object to lightning

Experimental data showing the transient behavior of tall objects struck by lightning are reviewed. The influence of this transient behavior, illustrated by simple calculations, on measured lightning current and measured remote electromagnetic fields is discussed. The estimated equivalent impedance of the lightning channel at the time of the initial current peak is appreciably higher than the characteristic impedance of an ordinary tall object (a factor of 3 or so for both the Ostankino and Peissenberg towers and about a factor of 2 for the CN tower). The grounding impedance of a tower is typically lower than its characteristic impedance. Thus, the current reflection coefficient is negative at the top and positive at the bottom of the tower. The similarity of the statistical distributions of subsequent-return-stroke peak currents in: 1) natural downward lightning; 2) natural upward (object-initiated) lightning; and 3) rocket-triggered lightning measured at objects with heights ranging from 4.5 to 540 m suggests that current peaks are not significantly influenced by the presence of a tall object, provided that measurements are taken at the top of the object. This inference is consistent with modeling results of Melander (1984) who showed that the current peaks measured in Switzerland and Italy at the top of 70-m and 40-m towers, respectively, are essentially unaffected by the presence of the towers. If lightning current could be represented by an ideal current source, current at the top of the object would be equal to the source current at all times. The peak current measured at the bottom of a tall object is usually more strongly influenced by the transient process in the object than the peak current at the top. For example, peak currents measured in the lower part of the 540-m Ostankino tower are about a factor of two higher than the peak currents measured near the tower top because the current reflection coefficient at the bottom of the tower is near +1. Observations and modeling suggest that a tall metallic strike object replacing the lower part of lightning channel serves to enhance the lightning-radiated electromagnetic fields relative to the fields due to similar lightning discharges attached directly to ground, this effect being more pronounced for the sharper lightning current pulses.
Evaluation of students' physical examination skills during their surgery clerkship.

Abstract Background: Faculty often presume that students possess adequate physical examination skills upon graduation. Yet assessments of their performance with these skills often reveal deficiencies. This study was designed to determine if students’ physical examination skills improved during their clerkship year. Methods: Sixty-six students performed four specific physical examinations on patients during the first and last week of their surgery clerkship. Four consecutive clerkship rotations were examined. Encounters were videotaped and evaluated by faculty members. Results: Posttest mean percent correct scores significantly improved for three examinations ( P Conclusions: Students’ physical examination skills improved slightly during their clerkship, however, no relationship was found between clerkship rotation and performance. These findings suggest unsupervised experiences during the third year do not positively influence student performance with physical examination skill proficiency.
Sildenafil Stimulates Aqueous Humor Turnover in Rabbits

Abstract Sildenafil citrate increases ocular blood flow and accelerates the rate of anterior chamber refilling after paracentesis. The latter effect could have resulted from a reduction in outflow facility or from an increase in aqueous humor (AH) production. In this study, we used scanning ocular fluorophotometry to examine the effects of sildenafil on AH turnover, and thus, AH production in eyes of live normal rabbits. For this, the rate of aqueous humor flow (AHF) was quantified with a commercially available fluorophotometer that measured the rate of fluorescein clearance from the anterior segment, which predominantly occurs via the trabecular meshwork. After ≈2 h of control scans to determine the baseline rate of AHF, the rabbits were fed 33 mg of sildenafil and allowed ≈45 min for the drug to enter the systemic circulation. Thereafter, fluorescence scans were retaken for an additional 90–120 min. Sildenafil ingestion increased AHF by about 36%, from 2.31 μL/min to 3.14 μL/min (P
Durability and Mechanistic Characteristics of Fiber Reinforced Soil–cement Mixtures

Over the years, field experiments and research information have been collected and studied on the behavior of soil–cement mixtures, and quite a few studies have been conducted for fiber reinforcement in soil–cement mixtures. This research study focuses on the laboratory durability and mechanistic evaluation of soil–cement mixtures reinforced with Processed Cellulose fibers (PCFs) and polypropylene fibers (PFs). Four soil types from various project sites in the state of Louisiana were acquired. Laboratory tests including the durability, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), indirect tensile strength (ITS), and indirect tensile cyclic load tests (ITCTs) were conducted. The results indicated that the mechanistic characteristics of the soil–cement–fiber mixtures were functions of fiber dosage, soil type and curing time. In general, the durability, UCS, ITS and fracture toughness, and resilient modulus values of soil–cement–fiber mixtures either remained the same or were greater than soil–cement mixtures. Mor...
Wind turbulence in speed skating: Measurement, simulation and its effect on aerodynamic drag

Abstract This paper presents the results of an investigation on the effect of wind turbulence for the reduction of drag for a speed skater. A speed skater competing in an indoor oval is subjected to turbulent flow conditions. Measurements of flow characteristics in a speed skating oval were made and a simulation of those conditions was developed in the NRC 2 m×3 m Wind Tunnel. Wind tunnel tests on mannequins of a speed skater with force measurement using an external balance have indicated that the reduction of drag coefficient with Reynolds number was strongly affected by the flow conditions. The effects were not consistent for three different positions of a speed skater.
Building demand-side control using thermal energy storage under uncertainty: An adaptive Multiple Model-based Predictive Control (MMPC) approach

Abstract This study investigates the demand-side control enhancement of TES though comparing the benchmark control strategies and newly-suggested adaptive MMPC designed to handle uncertainty in an adaptive fashion. Evaluations are performed through closed-loop simulations of an actual test building that is calibrated with real data and weather. While typical MPC centralizes computational burden (due to a provision for disturbances) on optimization through a single model, the adaptive MMPC distributes such burden (with less complexity) to multiple local models and optimizations in advance, then the online supervisory controller selects or interpolates the most adequate local models and control policies for the current conditions, thereby provides an effective global control policy for the entire operation regime. Building Energy Model (BEM) is used to construct local models for the adaptive MMPC, which enables more semantically feasible and acceptable model calibrations through which practitioners would obtain more model fidelity. This approach not only alleviates real time computation load, but also still achieves the desired performance. Evaluation results show that the adaptive MMPC outperforms the storage priority control and also ensures a near-optimal performance in load shifting under various uncertainty situations, including depreciation scenarios and unmeasured disturbance scenarios.
Amino Acid Requirements of the Chick I. Effect of Thyroxine and Kind of Protein on the Arginine, Methionine and Glycine Requirements

Abstract NUMEROUS reports have appeared which indicate that arginine is essential in the diet of the chick. Almquist (1947) estimated the chick's arginine requirement to be 1.2% in a 20% protein diet. A later report by Almquist and Merritt (1950) indicated the requirement to be 6% of the dietary protein in diets with from 15 to 30% protein. Several investigators (Young et al., 1953; Wietlake et al., 1954; Griminger et al., 1955; Snyder et al., 1956; Fisher et al., 1956; Krautmann et al., 1957; and Hogan et al., 1957) have reported that the chick's requirement for arginine is higher than this when fed a diet in which casein provides most of the protein. Snyder et al. (1956) and Krautmann et al. (1957) obtained no growth response by the addition of arginine to practical type corn-soybean diets although they calculated the arginine level of these diets to be below 1.2%. They suggest …
Conversation Intervention with Alzheimer's Patients: Increasing the Relevance of Communication.

The effectiveness of conversation in improving verbal communication of nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease was compared to exercise and a combination of both interventions. Fifty-five participants were randomly assigned to treatment group and raters were blinded. Treatment was given three times weekly for 30 minutes, for 16 weeks. Although all groups evidenced decline in the total number of words used as a group, the conversation-only subjects' performance was significantly better in terms of the number of nonredundant units of information produced (p = .0433) and conciseness (p = .0101) using analysis of covariance controlling for baseline performance. Individual subjects' change in performance was also examined. Active engagement in structured one-on-one conversation may improve relevance of communication in this population.
Statistical mechanics of Kerr-Newman dilaton black holes and the bootstrap condition

The Bekenstein-Hawking ``entropy'' of a Kerr-Newman dilaton black hole is computed in a perturbative expansion in the charge-to-mass ratio. The most probable configuration for a gas of such black holes is analyzed in the microcanonical formalism and it is argued that it does not satisfy the equipartition principle but a bootstrap condition. It is also suggested that the present results are further support for an interpretation of black holes as excitations of extended objects.
Evaluation of Color in Smoked Cheese by Sensory and Objective Methods

Abstract Surface color is one of the major attributes affecting the consumer acceptance of smoked cheeses. The colors of smoked Cheddar and Swiss cheeses were evaluated by subjective and objective methods to determine consumer perception and acceptance for surface color and to correlate consumer panel ratings with Hunter color dimensions. Hunter L, a, and b values for light to dark, red to green, and yellow to blue, respectively, correlated well with the descriptive panel perception of surface color for smoked Cheddar and smoked Swiss cheeses. Smoked Cheddar and Swiss cheeses with L values between 32 and 48 were rated more acceptable by panelists.
What Is the Role of Advanced Lipoprotein Analysis in Practice

Some practitioners use advanced lipoprotein analysis with the goal of better predicting risk and individualizing lifestyle and drug therapy for cardiovascular prevention. Unfortunately, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle number and size, other lipoprotein subfractionation, apolipoproteins B and A, and lipoprotein(a) have not yet met current standards for biomarker evaluation, and it remains to be determined whether these tests incrementally add to cardiovascular risk predicted by traditional risk factors. More importantly, it has yet to be determined whether treatment strategies guided by, or targeting, these measures improve cardiovascular outcomes. Drug therapies known to alter advanced lipoprotein analysis parameters, specifically niacin and fenofibrate, have not been shown to additionally reduce cardiovascular risk in recent randomized trials of high-risk patients treated with statin therapy. These findings suggest advanced lipoprotein analysis–guided strategies may not further reduce cardiovascular events and could lead to increased adverse effects and costs; this approach needs further research to establish its role in individualizing therapies for cardiovascular prevention. In contrast, a large body of evidence supports focusing on LDL cholesterol reduction and intensification of statin therapy to reduce cardiovascular risk.
On the Effect of Matrix Cracks on Laminate Strength

Matrix cracks and their effect on ultimate laminate strength in [0/90]s type graphite/epoxy laminates were investigated. Crack saturation density was found ex perimentally and compared with that predicted using a finite element analysis. Good agreement was found. To estimate the effect of the 90°-ply cracks on the load capacity of adjacent 0°-plies, a soft but tough adhesive film was placed along the interfaces in some laminates to isolate the effect of the matrix cracks. The use of adhesive layers in [0/908/0] and [904/02/904] laminates raised the laminate strengths by about 30%.
340 mV–1.1 V, 289 Gbps/W, 2090-Gate NanoAES Hardware Accelerator With Area-Optimized Encrypt/Decrypt GF(2 4 ) 2 Polynomials in 22 nm Tri-Gate CMOS

This paper describes an on-die lightweight nanoAES hardware accelerator, fabricated in 22 nm tri-gate high-k/metal-gate CMOS, targeted for ultra-low power symmetric-key encryption and decryption on mobile SOCs. Compared to conventional 128 bit AES implementations, this design uses a single 8 bit Sbox circuit along with ShiftRows byte-order data processing to compute all AES rounds in native ${\rm GF}(2^{4})^{2}$ composite-field. This approach along with a serial-accumulating MixColumns circuit, area-optimized encrypt and decrypt Galois-field polynomials and integrated on-the-fly key generation circuit results in a compact encrypt/decrypt layout occupying 2200/2736 $\mu$ m $^{2}$ and lowest-reported gate count of 1947/2090 respectively, while achieving: (i) maximum operating frequency of 1.133 GHz and total power consumption of 13 mW with leakage component of 500 $\mu$ W, measured at 0.9 V, 25 $^{\circ}$ C, (ii) nominal AES-128 encrypt/decrypt throughput of 432/671 Mbps respectively, with peak energy-efficiency of 289 Gbps/W measured at near-threshold operation of 430 mV (11 $\times$ higher than previously reported implementations), (iii) encrypt/decrypt latencies of 336/216 cycles and total energy consumption of 3.9/2.5 nJ respectively, (iv) wide operating supply voltage range with robust sub-threshold voltage performance of 45 Mbps, 170 $\mu$ W, measured at 340 mV, 25 $^{\circ}$ C and (v) first-reported Galois-field polynomial-based micro-architectural co-optimization, resulting in distinct area-optimized encrypt and decrypt polynomials with up to 9% area reduction at iso-performance.
Partial Allelotype of Carcinoma in Situ of the Human Bladder

Carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder is an aggressive lesion that frequently progresses to an invasive tumor, yet the underlying molecular changes in this lesion are largely unknown. In this study, we microdissected 31 cases of CIS and examined them for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 13 chromosomal arms. Twenty-nine microsatellite markers were chosen for this analysis based on their location in regions previously shown to be frequently lost in primary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. LOH of chromosome 9 was a frequent event in these samples, occurring in 77% of these lesions, with 19 of 31 cases showing deletion on the 9p arm (61%) and 17 of 28 cases displaying LOH on 9q (61%). Fine mapping at 9p21 demonstrated that CIS also displayed a high frequency of homozygous deletion surrounding the p16INK4A locus, like superficial papillary tumors, the other form of noninvasive lesion found in the bladder. However, loss of 14q (70%) was frequent in CIS yet extremely rare in papillary lesions (9%). Other chromosomal arms showing frequent LOH included 8p (65%), 17p (60%), 13q (56%), 11p (54%), and 4q (52%), whereas slightly lower frequencies of loss were observed for 11q (36%), 4p (32%), 3p (31%), 18q (29%), and 5q (20%). CIS lesions already possess many of the genetic alterations displayed by invasive transitional cell carcinomas, potentially accounting for the aggressive nature of these lesions.
The Specter of AIDS: Testimonial Activism in the Aftermath of the Epidemic

Reporting on a study of activists living with HIV/AIDS who give testimonials of their experiences with the disease in various educational settings, this article employs the notion of ‘haunting’ as a means of analyzing the effect of social justice activism in the “aftermath” of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Because of a shift in both the discursive construction of AIDS and the material symptoms of the disease (due to widespread availability of anti-retroviral medication), the signified of AIDS is “out of joint” with the signification of the disease in the public sphere. AIDS, as a social phenomena and a personal, traumatic experience has been rendered spectral through processes of social othering, structural disenfranchisement, and cultural denialism. Most of the presenters included in this study utilize a strategy of “survivorhood” in order to promote prevention and combat stigma. In doing so, they inadvertently buttress dominant discourses that claim that the disease is now “manageable,” normalized, and under control. By contrast, one presenter utilizes a completely different performative approach. In order to confront and subvert the “aftermath” discourse and thereby presence the living trauma of AIDS, this presenter embodies the specter of AIDS. As such, his presentation forces the audience to reckon with processes of social exclusion and cultural otherness.
Identification of rad27 Mutations That Confer Differential Defects in Mutation Avoidance, Repeat Tract Instability, and Flap Cleavage

In eukaryotes, the nuclease activity of Rad27p (Fen1p) is thought to play a critical role in lagging-strand DNA replication by removing ribonucleotides present at the 5' ends of Okazaki fragments. Genetic analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae also has identified a role for Rad27p in mutation avoidance. rad27Delta mutants display both a repeat tract instability phenotype and a high rate of forward mutations to canavanine resistance that result primarily from duplications of DNA sequences that are flanked by direct repeats. These observations suggested that Rad27p activities in DNA replication and repair could be altered by mutagenesis and specifically assayed. To test this idea, we analyzed two rad27 alleles, rad27-G67S and rad27-G240D, that were identified in a screen for mutants that displayed repeat tract instability and mutator phenotypes. In chromosome stability assays, rad27-G67S strains displayed a higher frequency of repeat tract instabilities relative to CAN1 duplication events; in contrast, the rad27-G240D strains displayed the opposite phenotype. In biochemical assays, rad27-G67Sp displayed a weak exonuclease activity but significant single- and double-flap endonuclease activities. In contrast, rad27-G240Dp displayed a significant double-flap endonuclease activity but was devoid of exonuclease activity and showed only a weak single-flap endonuclease activity. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that the rad27-G67S mutant phenotypes resulted largely from specific defects in nuclease function that are important for degrading bubble intermediates, which can lead to DNA slippage events. The rad27-G240D mutant phenotypes were more difficult to reconcile to a specific biochemical defect, suggesting a structural role for Rad27p in DNA replication and repair. Since the mutants provide the means to relate nuclease functions in vitro to genetic characteristics in vivo, they are valuable tools for further analyses of the diverse biological roles of Rad27p.