cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetic and Transport Properties of Electrochemically Oxidized Polyacetylene

The magnetic and transport properties of polyacetylene electrochemically oxidized in the presence of perchlorate ion have been determined. Room temperature dc conductivity is unaffected by doping between . A rapid conductivity increase occurs with increasing dopant level having a midpoint of transition at . By comparison, the change in thermopower vs. is sharper taking place within a tenfold increase in with a midpoint at . The unparied spin concentrations remain constant as dopant concentration increases before the onset of a Dysonian lineshape at . The results are interpreted as the melting of a glassy carrier state causing the sharp change of transport properties. A phase separation into metallic domains occurs at . Side reactions involving the electrolyte complicate the electrochemistry of polyacetylene.
Preparation Time for Preclinical Pathology Educational Activities in Medical Schools: a Survey of Pathology Educators

Productivity accounting in academic medicine is increasingly important. Accounting for educational effort has traditionally been difficult. In preclinical teaching, preparation often represents the bulk of invested time and usually exceeds the number of contact hours. Inclusion of this variable is inconsistently used by institutions for calculating workload. The objective of this study was to assess North American pathology educators’ preparatory time for various activities and determined what factors impact self-reporting. Pathology teachers completed a web-based survey asking about the number of hours of preparatory time needed for different activities, their educational experience, job duties, demographic information, and use of computerized presentation software. A total of 114 responses were received. The distribution of reported hours for each activity was right skewed. There was marked variation in the responses with the coefficients of variation exceeding 70% for all activities. The median preparation times were as follows: new lecture, laboratory, and problem based learning case-10 hours; updating an existing lecture-2.5 hours; updating laboratories-8 hours; preparing small group exercises-8 hours; and updating small group exercises-2 hours. Experience and job description did not significantly impact the hours reported for nearly all activities, although a tendency for higher values to be seen in those teaching pathology for 5–10 years and giving more than 5 lectures annually. The results confirm that preparation makes up the majority of effort invested in teaching pathology to preclinical students and productivity accounting should likely include these hours. None of the examined educators’ characteristics seem to significantly alter the amount of reported preparatory time.
Integration of eye tracking capability into optical see-through head-mounted displays

While head-mounted display (HMD) technologies have undergone great developments since the first HMD for 3D visualization originated by Ivan Sutherland in the 1960's, HMD technologies have suffered from tradeoffs in capability and limitation. The main issues of HMDs include the tradeoff between resolution and field of view (FOV), the presence of large distortion for wide field of view designs, the inaccurate eye point representation, the conflict of accommodation and convergence, the occlusion contradiction between virtual and real objects, the challenge of highly precise registration, and often the brightness conflict with background illumination. Some of these issues impose critical affects on accuracy of visualization, user performance and safety. Among these issues, the ignorance of eye movement is a typical aspect. Most of the current HMD technology uses head pose to approximate line-of-sight, which may cause significant disparity between what you are intended to look at and what you actually look at as a result of at least +/- 20 degrees eye movement. It is highly necessary to integrate eye-tracking capability into HMDs in some demanding applications. An HMD- eyetracker integrated system would be able to display stereoscopic virtual images as a classical HMD does, and also be able to tracking the gaze direction of the user. This paper will provide a brief survey of the eye tracking technologies that are suitable for HMD integration purpose, present an approach to integrating eye tracking technology into optical see-through type of HMDs, and discuss critical issues challenging the integration. Furthermore, early engineering implementation and experimental results are published.
Meningeal norepinephrine produces headache behaviors in rats via actions both on dural afferents and fibroblasts

BackgroundStress is commonly reported to contribute to migraine although mechanisms by which this may occur are not fully known. The purpose of these studies was to examine whether norepinephrine (NE), the primary sympathetic efferent transmitter, acts on processes in the meninges that may contribute to the pain of migraine.MethodsNE was applied to rat dura using a behavioral model of headache. Primary cultures of rat trigeminal ganglia retrogradely labeled from the dura mater and of rat dural fibroblasts were prepared. Patch-clamp electrophysiology, Western blot, and ELISA were performed to examine the effects of NE. Conditioned media from NE-treated fibroblast cultures was applied to the dura using the behavioral headache model.ResultsDural injection both of NE and media from NE-stimulated fibroblasts caused cutaneous facial and hindpaw allodynia in awake rats. NE application to cultured dural afferents increased action potential firing in response to current injections. Application of NE to dural fibro...
Cognitive and affective bases of attitudes toward social groups and social policies

Abstract The cognitive and affective bases of attitudes were investigated in two experiments, one that examined attitudes toward four social groups (women, men, Democrats, Republicans) and the other that examined attitudes toward three social policies (abortion on demand, affirmative action in employment, welfare assistance for the poor). In view of the serious inadequacies of the rating-scale and checklist methods that have typically been used to assess the cognitive and affective bases of attitudes, respondents answered open-ended questions that asked them to write down the beliefs they held and the affects they had experienced in relation to the attitude object. Respondents subsequently evaluated each of their own beliefs and affects. Although these free-response techniques suggested that affects contributed significantly to the prediction of some of these attitudes, beliefs were the more important predictor in most instances.
Programming Variable Factors

A duality theory and two computational algorithms are developed for variable-factor programming, a name given to linear programming when the profit coefficients are functionally dependent upon a program of variable-factor inputs in limited supply. Computational experience is reported for one of the algorithms. An interesting and useful feature of the dual problem is that it is a concave programming problem, whereas the primal problem is not.
M-ADAPTATION METHOD FOR ACOUSTIC WAVE EQUATION ON SQUARE MESHES

A novel adaptive strategy, dubbed m-adaptation, is developed for solving the acoustic wave equation (in the time domain) on square meshes. The finite element, the finite difference and a few other more recent methods are shown to be particular members of the mimetic family. Analysis of the parametric family of mimetic discretization methods is performed to find the optimal member that eliminates the numerical dispersion at the fourth-order (as in Ref. 1) and the numerical anisotropy at the sixth-order (higher than in Ref. 1). The stability condition for the optimal method is derived that turns out to be comparable to the classical Courant condition. The numerical experiments show that the new approach is consistently better than the classical methods for reducing a long-time integration error.
Evaluation of memory latency in cluster-based cache-coherent multiprocessor systems with different interconnection topologies

Abstract This research investigates memory latency of cluster-based cache-coherent multiprocessor systems with different interconnection topologies. Each node in a cluster includes a small number of processors and a portion of the shared-memory, which are all connected through a split transaction bus. Each processor has two levels of caches. As the number of processors in a node is small, a snoopy cache coherence protocol is used. Inter-nodes cache coherence is maintained using a directory scheme. Nodes of the cluster are connected through an interconnection network — three networks have been chosen for this work, namely, ring, mesh and hypercube. Trace-driven simulation, driven by application traces from the Stanford SPLASH2 suite, has been developed to evaluate the overall memory latency of this architecture with the selected network topologies. Simulation results show that, the cluster-based multiprocessor system with hypercube topology outperforms those with mesh and ring topologies.
Water self-diffusion model for protein-water NMR cross relaxation

Abstract Analytical motional models are described for the interpretation of NMR cross relaxation between protein protons and water protons, treating bulk water as a self-diffusing continuum. Using intermolecular dipolar relaxation theory, scaling arguments, and numerical calculations, the distance dependence of the cross-relaxation rate constant between the protein proton and the first hydration shell is discussed for planar and spherical surface geometries. It is found that differential effects between NOESY and ROESY rate constants depend strongly on geometrical factors and do not directly reflect residence times of individual water molecules on the protein surface. Restriction of water diffusion to a coarse lattice leads qualitatively to the same NMR relaxation behavior, but X-ray crystallography would display well-ordered water structure, illustrating the complementary views of the two techniques on protein hydration.
Thermodynamic anomalies at the peierls transition in blue bronze

Abstract Thermodynamic response functions have been measured on pieces of a single crystal of blue bronze at its 180K charge-density-wave (CDW) transition and are analyzed using a free energy appropriate for a 3D-XY model.
Differences in Leisure-time, Household, and Work-related Physical Activity by Race, Ethnicity, and Education

BACKGROUND: Racial and ethnic minority groups have lower levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) than whites, but it is unclear how much of this is explained by differences in socioeconomic status and health. OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in LTPA, work-related physical activity (WRPA; heavy household chores and strenuous job activities), and total physical activity (TPA) by race, ethnicity, and education. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional analyses of data from the 1992 Health and Retirement Study for a nationally representative cohort of 9,621 community-dwelling adults aged 51–61 years. MEASUREMENTS: Physical activity scores for LTPA, WRPA, and TPA based upon self-reported frequency of light or vigorous recreational activities, heavy household chores, and strenuous job-related physical activities. MAIN RESULTS: LTPA was lower for blacks and Hispanics compared to whites, and LTPA steadily declined with lower levels of education. WRPA showed the reverse pattern, being lowest for whites and persons with greater education. Education was far more important than race/ethnicity as a determinant of LTPA and WRPA in multivariate analyses. After adjusting for differences in overall health and physical functioning, mean TPA scores were similar across racial/ethnic and education categories; blacks (β=1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5 to 1.5) and Spanish-speaking Hispanics (β=1.1; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.9) had slightly higher levels of TPA than whites (P<.01 and P=.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in educational attainment and health status accounted for virtually all of the racial and ethnic differences in LTPA. After accounting for WRPA, TPA was similar across race, ethnicity, and education subgroups.
Privacy protection for users of location-based services

With the proliferation of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, location-based services are becoming increasingly popular. LBSs, albeit useful and convenient, pose a serious threat to users' privacy as they are enticed to reveal their locations to LBS providers via their queries for location-based information. How to protect users' privacy against potentially compromised LBS providers is of vital importance to the well being of the LBS ecosystem, given that the LBS market can expand and prosper only if users feel comfortable about using LBSs. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the existing schemes for protecting LBS users' privacy. We first introduce potential privacy threats to LBS users, followed by a discussion on privacy metrics. We then classify the protection schemes according to their architectural properties (i.e., server-based or mobile-device-based) and privacy metrics (e.g., k-anonymity or location entropy). Finally, we discuss several promising directions for future research into LBS users privacy protection.
Angiotensin receptors and actions in guinea pig enteric nervous system

Actions of ANG II on electrical and synaptic behavior of enteric neurons in the guinea pig small intestine were studied. Exposure to ANG II depolarized the membrane potential and elevated neuronal ...
Hairy nanoparticle assemblies as one-component functional polymer nanocomposites: opportunities and challenges

Over the past three decades, the combination of inorganic-nanoparticles and organic-polymers has led to a wide variety of advanced materials, including polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). Recently, synthetic innovations for attaching polymers to nanoparticles to create “hairy nanoparticles” (HNPs) has expanded opportunities in this field. In addition to nanoparticle compatibilization for traditional particle–matrix blending, neat-HNPs afford one-component hybrids, both in composition and properties, which avoids issues of mixing that plague traditional PNCs. Continuous improvements in purity, scalability, and theoretical foundations of structure–performance relationships are critical to achieving design control of neat-HNPs necessary for future applications, ranging from optical, energy, and sensor devices to lubricants, green-bodies, and structures.
Advances in Fluorescent Protein-Based Imaging for the Analysis of Plant Endomembranes

An exciting new era for live cell imaging of plant endomembranes was ushered in just over 10 years ago when Jim Haseloff and colleagues reported on the removal of a cryptic intron in the sequence of wild-type GFP for successful expression in plant cells ([Haseloff et al., 1997][1]). Haseloff's
Tissue Engineering for In Vitro Analysis of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Pathogenesis of Keloid Lesions

ImportanceKeloid lesions form because of alterations in the mechanisms that govern cutaneous wound healing. Although matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in keloid pathophysiology,...
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Food Addiction in Women by Timing and Type of Trauma Exposure

Importance Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) appears to increase obesity risk but the pathways by which PTSD leads to weight gain are not known. Identification of the links between PTSD and obesogenic eating behaviors is necessary to clarify this pathway and inform development of obesity prevention strategies in PTSD-affected populations. Objective To determine whether women with PTSD symptoms are more likely to report food addiction, a measure of perceived dependence on food, than women without PTSD symptoms. Also, to determine whether age at PTSD symptom onset and type of trauma influence the PTSD–food addiction association. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional analysis of 49 408 participants in the Nurses’ Health Study II, a cohort comprising women nurses who were aged 25 to 42 years at the 1989 recruitment from 14 US states. Main Outcomes and Measures The Nurses’ Health Study II ascertained lifetime trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms in 2008 and current food addiction in 2009. Food addiction was defined as 3 or more clinically significant symptoms on a modified version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Confounder-adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% CIs were estimated using modified Poisson regression. Results Approximately 80% of the study sample reported some type of trauma exposure, with 66% of the trauma-exposed participants reporting at least 1 lifetime PTSD symptom. Eight percent of the cohort met the criteria for food addiction. The prevalence of food addiction increased with the number of lifetime PTSD symptoms, and women with the greatest number of PTSD symptoms (6-7 symptoms) had more than twice the prevalence of food addiction as women with neither PTSD symptoms nor trauma histories (prevalence ratio, 2.68; 95% CI, 2.41-2.97). Symptoms of PTSD were more strongly related to food addiction when symptom onset occurred at an earlier age. The PTSD–food addiction association did not differ substantially by trauma type. Conclusions and Relevance Symptoms of PTSD were associated with increased food addiction prevalence in this cohort of women. Strategies to reduce obesity associated with PTSD may require psychological and behavioral interventions that address dependence on food and/or use of food to cope with distress.
SAXS determination of the amorphous surface layer thickness of polymer single crystals

Polyethylene single crystals were grown from 0.1% solutions in xylene at 80 and 87°C. Oriented mats were made from each preparation and the small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) profiles obtained. Following treatment of the raw data for main-beam position and width, background scatter, and the Lorentz factor, five Bragg reflections were resolved. A one-dimensional lattice was used as a model for the oriented mats of single crystals. This model contains three parameters. An additional parameter Gx was also introduced to demonstrate the general effect of a broadening factor on the model. The effect of each parameter on the calculated diffraction pattern was examined. From this examination it was found that by assuming that the broadening functions are zero we can determine directly from the number of observable peaks the maximum possible thickness of the amorphous surface. Further, we find that the thickness of the amorphous layer must be less than the maximum value calculated if Gx is assigned values greater than zero. A “best-fit” diffraction pattern was generated in order to estimate how much smaller the surface thickness can be such that one can still resolve five diffraction maxima. The range of amorphous surface thicknesses found from the calculated diffraction profile is 12–20 A. This is in good agreement with complementary studies performed on the same crystal preparations.
Interferometric Wavelengths of Iron Lines from a Hollow Cathode Discharge

Interferometric wavelength measurements (3570 A to 5709 A) are given for 189 iron lines produced by a hollow cathode discharge. The lines are considerably sharper than those of the iron arc and the available evidence shows that the wavelengths are invariant with any changes in operating conditions of the tube. The hollow cathode discharge tube in neon with iron electrodes appears to be the best source of standards for wavelength measurements.
Return of Individual Research Results and Incidental Findings: Facing the Challenges of Translational Science

The debate over return of individual research results and incidental findings to study participants is a key frontier in research ethics and practice. This is fundamentally a problem of translational science—a question of when information about an individual that is generated in research should be communicated for clinical attention, particularly as technologies such as whole-genome sequencing and whole-exome sequencing are increasingly used in clinical care. There is growing consensus that investigators should offer participants at least those individual findings of high clinical importance and actionability. Increasing attention to what information biobanks and secondary researchers owe people who provide data and specimens offers an opportunity to treat these source individuals as research partners. Cutting-edge issues include return of results in pediatric populations and return to kin and family, both before and after the death of the proband, as well as how to manage incidental findings in clinical ...
Nanometer-scale Fluorescence Resonance Optical Waveguides

The telecommunications revolution has created a strong motivation to build photonic devices of ever smaller size and higher density. Using photosynthetic structures found in nature as an inspiration, we synthesized artificial structures that act like diffusive waveguides. These waveguides use FRET to transport energy, and we demonstrated the idea with 3- and 5-fluorophore structures which utilize DNA as a scaffold. A quantitative model that explains the results and provides the mechanism behind the energy transfer is also presented.
Cold plums and the old men in the water: Let children read and write "great" poetry

This article begins with a rationale for using “great” poems with children and the justification for linking the reading and writing of poetry. First, the author provides tips for teachers to use when selecting adult poems and offers a brief bibliography of classic poetry collections and anthologies appropriate for children. Next, suggestions for presenting and reading poems to students are given. Last, with anecdotes from her fifth-grade classroom, she discusses how to use the reading of poetry as an opportunity for writing poetry in the classroom. The poetry link, which is a writing suggestion, statement, or assignment that stems from an original text, is a springboard to students' own writing. The author shows how this link, different from the traditional writing prompt, is created by students and the teacher, with the former taking the lead. The author advocates teaching “great” poetry to students to enhance students' perceptions, improve their writing, challenge their minds, and enrich their lives.
RON splice variant prevalence in human tumors

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA 3610 RON ( recepteur d’origine nantais ) is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the MET family and a receptor for macrophage stimulating protein (MSP). RON was found to play a vital role in embryonic development and has also been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. The RON pathway may be activated in a ligand-independent manner by overexpression of RON or its splice variants, resulting in increased proliferation, motility, and tumor formation. It has been found that reduction of RON expression through binding by antibodies has been successful in inhibiting tumor growth in vivo . Some RON splice variants, however, do not localize to the cell surface and are therefore incapable of being targeted by antibodies. There have been limited literature reports of RON splice variant prevalence in human tumors with variable results. The objective of this study was to characterize the frequency of RON wildtype, p165, p160, and p155 transcripts in human tumors in order to determine if RON splice variants could be a significant cause of RON pathway activation in human tumors. Commercial cDNA panels from six types of human tumors with accompanied normal adjacent tissue samples were used to determine RON splice variant prevalence by PCR. RON mRNA expression differences were clearly seen between tumor types with lung, gastroesophogeal, and colon tissues (both normal and cancerous) having a higher frequency of RON mRNA expression than breast, prostate, and ovarian tissues (both normal and cancerous). RON transcripts favored wildtype and the p165 variant, which were most prevalent and almost always co-expressed. Variants p160 and p155 had progressively lower frequency, respectively. This pattern of RON transcript distribution did not vary significantly in normal adjacent tissue or in the six cancer types measured. Colon, ovarian, and breast cancer tissues had increased RON prevalence compared with accompanied normal adjacent tissue with increases observed for all studied RON transcripts. In only one of the six tumor types studied, colon, was a higher intensity of RON mRNA expression observed in tumor samples compared to normal samples, suggesting RON overexpression in colon tumors. In summary, RON transcripts had a higher expression in both tumor and normal adjacent tissue than expected. For half of the tumor types studied, increased RON mRNA expression was detected in tumor tissue compared with normal tissue; however, this increase was observed for both the alternatively spliced and the wildtype RON transcripts.
Confirming and Identifying New Loci for Rice Blast Disease Resistance using Magnaporthe oryzae Field Isolates in the US

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) play important roles in controlling rice blast disease. In the present study, 10 field isolates of the races IA1, IB1, IB17, and IC1 of US rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae collected in 1996 and 2009 were used to identify blast resistance QTL with a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 227 F₇ individuals derived from the cross of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Lemont and Jasmine 85. Jasmine 85 is an indica cultivar that is moderately resistant, and Lemont is a tropical japonica cultivar susceptible to rice blast in greenhouse inoculation. Disease reactions of the parents and RILs were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. A total of six resistance QTL, qBLR8, qBLR10-1, qBLR10-2, qBLR10-3, qBLR12-1, and qBLR12-2, were identified on chromosomes 8, 10, and 12, respectively. Phenotypic variation, conditioned by these six resistance QTL, ranged from 5.37 to 39.18%. Among them, qBLR12-1 and qBLR12-2 provided the strongest resistance to the newest isolates of the most virulent race IA1 of M. oryzae. Three of these resistance QTL have been identified using different blast isolates in a previous study. qBLR10-1, qBLR10-2, and qBLR10-3 have not been previously found in this cross. These confirmed and new resistance QTL will be useful for the development of rice cultivars with improved effective resistance to rice blast via a marker-assisted selection (MAS) approach.
Computationally Enhanced Toolkits for Children: Historical Review and a Framework for Future Design

Robotics toolkits and physical computing devices have been used in educational settings for many decades. Based on a techno-historical analysis of the development of 30 years of development of these devices, this monograph examines their design principles and presents a framework for the analysis and future design, based on the analytic construct of "selective exposure," which examines what is foregrounded or backgrounded in hardware and software design. Selective exposure has two sub-dimensions: usability, which examines how the material communicates rules for its use, and power, which looks at how cognitive and physical operations are mapped to each other, and how the design can make these connections more explicit. I show how these dimensions crucially impact what children can achieve with these materials, and make the case for the design of toolkits in synchrony with the childSs developmental trajectory.
Performance of fixed film media integrated in activated sludge reactors to enhance nitrogen removal

Nitrification and denitrification were evaluated in multiple CSTR continuous flow fixed film systems at 12°C. Three systems were operated with three types of media installations and a fourth as a control without media. The media configurations evaluated included: (i) frame mounted fine pore sponge media supported on wires; (ii) free floating fine pore sponge media; and (iii) fixed location frame mounted rope media (ringlace). The pore size for sponge media was 14 pores per centimeter. Each system included a two-cell anaerobic zone with 17 percent of total volume, two-cell anoxic zone with 17 percent of total volume, and a three-cell aerobic zone with 64 percent of total volume. The multi-cell configuration was used to maximize kinetics of removal with suspended growth biomass and evaluate improvements in nitrogen removal beyond the levels achieved with suspended growth. At the optimum location (aerobic cells 1 and 2), the nitrification in cells containing free-floating sponges was 143 percent of the control at aerobic MCRTs of 3.1 and 3.4 days, with 35 percent media volume to cell volume. The nitrification with rope media was 136 percent of the control in middle third of the aerobic zone. Removals with ringlace were poorer in the first aerobic cell operating at higher COD levels, and in the third aerobic cell which did not contain sufficient biofilm growth at low levels of COD. Nitrification was 14 percent higher in Systems 1 and 2 with fixed and free floating sponges, respectively, and 8 percent higher in System 3 (ringlace) when all systems were spiked with 20 mg/L additional ammonium over a 24 hour period. Optimizing location of the media, with higher density of media at locations where adequate COD and ammonium-N are available for biofilm growth increase nitrification on media. Studies in full scale systems show that COD and ammonium-N concentrations at downstream locations in the activated sludge basin increase during peak flows and with step feed of wastewater. This helps increase biofilm growth and improve nitrification on the media downstream locations. Denitrification observed in the aerobic cells of the fixed film systems was in excess of the control. All aerobic cells were operated at D.O. levels in excess of 6.0 mg/L. The fraction of total denitrification under aerobic conditions was 0.0 in the control as compared to 0.14 to 0.24 with ringlace media and fixed sponge media, respectively, at an aerobic MCRT 3.1 days. Fraction aerobic denitrification in all systems increased with an increase in MCRT of suspended growth - to 0.21 in the control and 0.35 and 0.39 with ringlace and sponges, respectively, at aerobic MCRTs of 3.4 to 7.7 days.
Further Studies of Pleomorphic Streptococci-Biologic Reactions

In a previous paper, one of us1 described several pleomorphic strains of Streptococcus salivarius in tonsillitis, and in the course of routine work on meningococcus carriers, we made note of the relative frequency of pleomorphic streptococci and determined their classification. The organisms formed chains uniformly, under anaerobic conditions they remained small, and pleomorphism was constant under aerobic conditions. They had the same morphologic and cultural characteristics as many of the streptococci recently described by Rosenow and his associates2 in poliomyelitis. In view of their interesting results we thought it worth while to compare the results of animal inoculations and immunological reactions. This seemed desirable as our results suggest an extensive distribution of the organisms. The cultural characteristics of the strains we studied are given in Table 1.
Gleitlager für höchste Beanspruchungen in Verbrennungsmotoren

Dreistofflager auf Bleibronzebasis mit galvanisch aufgebrachter Gleitschicht sind wegen ihrer hervorragenden Gleiteigenschaften seit Jahrzehnten das Standardlager fur die Kurbelwelle in hochbelasteten Motoren und haben sich millionenfach bewahrt. Mit den stetig wachsenden Anforderungen wurden hartere, verschleisfestere Gleitschichten notwendig, die zum einen durch die Entwicklung neuer Galvanikprozesse und zum anderen durch den Einsatz physikalischer Beschichtungsprozesse ermoglicht wurden. So entstanden die Sputterlager von Federal Mogul/Glyco.
Education for Marriage: Youth and Instruction in Marriage and Family Living

(1943). Education for Marriage: Youth and Instruction in Marriage and Family Living. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 282-282.
Impact of Point Defects on Proton Conduction in Strontium Cerate

Strontium cerate (SrCeO3) is a well known proton conductor. In applications, it is frequently doped with yttrium to increase stability and promote ionic conductivity; however, the microscopic effects of doping and native defects are not fully understood. We use first-principles hybrid density functional calculations to study the atomic and electronic structure of impurities and defects and their impact on proton conduction. Interactions of hydrogen with cation vacancies are found to negatively impact proton conductivity. We also investigate band alignments as well as the alignment of the thermodynamic charge-state transition levels of hydrogen. Comparison with BaCeO3 allows us to establish trends across the perovskite cerates.
Three new diagnostic verification diagrams

Forecast evaluation is inherently multidimensional, so that graphical representations of verification datasets, which can simultaneously show multiple dimensions of forecast verification, are helpful for diagnosing the strengths and weakness of the forecasts. This paper presents three new diagnostic verification diagrams for settings that previously lacked them. The H-F diagram is a graphical representation of the likelihood–base rate factorization, and the T-M diagram is a graphical representation of the calibration–refinement factorization, of the joint distribution of forecasts and observations in the setting of non-probabilistic forecasts for dichotomous events. The Conditional Boxplots diagram represents graphically the calibration–refinement factorization for probability forecasts of continuous outcomes, where each forecast is itself a continuous probability distribution function. The three new diagrams are described, and illustrated with example verification datasets.
Breeding of a New Three-Line Hybrid Rice Combination Sanxiangyou516 with Fine Grain Quality and High Yield

Sanxiangyou516 is a new indica three-line hybrid rice combination which was developed from the three-line Sanxiang A and a new restorer line R516 with good quality and high combining ability by rice research Institute of Hunan Agricultural University.It has the characteristics of strong grain yield heterosis,fine grain quality,strong ratooning ablility,wide adaptability.It was registered and released by the crops variety appraisal Committee of Hunan province in February,2005.The breeding procedure of the hybrid and its characteristics,the major cultivation techniques were introduced in this paper.
Single Stage Repair of Rectourinary Fistula

The treatment of 2 prostato-rectal fistulas by a single stage York Mason repair and cystostomy is described. We realize that the therapy of rectourinary fistulas should be individualized and for the ill or septic patient the 3-stage treatment including colostomy is safe and conservative. However, for the patient in good condition the 1-stage repair seems to be an effective shortcut.
Patient-reported outcomes in trials of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic literature review

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are being increasingly recognized as important measures by rheumatologists. The objective of this review was to evaluate the frequency of use of PROs in studies of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed (up to April 2015) to identify any type of clinical studies reporting any type of PROs in patients with PMR. Articles were excluded if they did not include adults with PMR or did not report any PROs. Characteristics of each study such as study design, follow-up, treatment assessed if any, number of patients, mean age, gender, and a description of PROs used were collected to perform a descriptive analysis. From 118 initial studies captured, 28 articles met the predefined criteria, and 20 were finally included in this review. Ten studies (50 %) were randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and 8 (40 %) were cohorts. The most frequently reported domains were: pain (90 %), being the most frequent tool using a visual analogue scale; morning stiffness in minutes (85 %); and function (25 %), evaluated through the Health Assessment Questionnaire. Other domains such as patient global assessment, fatigue, quality of life, and anxiety and depression were infrequently reported. A larger proportion of PROs were included in cohorts in comparison with RCT. Pain and morning stiffness are the most frequently reported PROs. Other domains that may appear relevant for patients are infrequently reported, especially function.
Human Immunodeficiencies Resulting From Defective NF-κB Activation

Human immune deficiencies due to defective NF-κB transcription factor activation present classically with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immune deficiency. The severity of the immune deficiency is highly variable, ranging from significant defects in T and B lymphocyte development and function with impaired inflammatory responses due to innate immune defects, to milder immune deficiencies with subtler T and B lymphocyte defects and little or no impairment in innate immune function. Furthermore, some of these patients do not develop anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, which can delay diagnosis. Analysis of the immune functions and developmental defects associated with the numerous mutations within the NF-κB pathway has provided valuable information about the complex regulation of NF-κB activation and the cellular processes that NF-κB regulates. Many of these patients are susceptible to a broad range of invasive bacterial infections, DNA viral infections, and opportunistic infections. Some patients are adequately managed with prophylactic antibiotics and replacement immunoglobulins, while stem cell transplantation should be considered for the more severe phenotypes.
The Effect of Prohibiting Deal Protection in M&A: Evidence from the United Kingdom

Since 2011, the U.K. has prohibited all deal protections – including termination fees – in M&A deals. Prior to 2011, the U.K. permitted termination fees up to 1% of deal value and there was no prohibition on other protection devices. We examine the effect of this regulatory change on deal volumes, the incidence of competing offers, deal jumping rates, deal premiums, and completion rates in the U.K., relative to the other European G-10 countries. We find that M&A deal volumes in the U.K. declined significantly in the aftermath of the 2011 Reforms, relative to deal volumes in the European G-10 countries. We find no countervailing benefits to target shareholders in the form of higher deal premiums or more competing bids. Completion rates and deal jumping rates also remained unchanged. We estimate that the incidence-rate ratio of U.K. deals to non-UK deals after the reform was approximately 50% the incidence-rate ratio of U.K. deals to non-U.K. deals prior to the reform. In addition, we estimate USD 19.3 billion in lost deal volumes per quarter in the U.K. relative to the control group due to the 2011 Reforms, implying a quarterly loss of USD 3.2 billion for shareholders of U.K. companies. Our results suggest that deal protections provide an important social welfare benefit by facilitating the initiation of M&A deals.
Analysis of the transport properties of thermally rearranged (TR) polymers and polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) relative to upper bound performance

Abstract A critical analysis comparing the diffusion selectivity, solubility selectivity, diffusivity, and solubility coefficients of thermally rearranged (TR) polymers and polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM), two types of polymers which consistently perform at or beyond the polymer upper bound for certain gas pairs (O2/N2 and CO2/CH4), is reported here. Although most polymers in these two classes exhibit transport properties in the range of typical glassy polymers, several variants offer exceptional performance. The diffusivity selectivity for O2/N2 and CO2/CH4 for TR polymers and PIM lies outside the range of the glassy polymer database. The solubility coefficients for O2 are at the upper end of the range of both TR and PIM polymers, as is also the case for CO2 solubility coefficients for PIM polymers. The O2/N2 and CO2/CH4 solubility selectivities for both PIM and TR polymers are in the range of typical glassy polymers. Thus, unique separation values for these polymers are a manifestation of maximizing diffusivity selectivity combined with very high gas solubility. Additionally, the previously determined diffusion gas kinetic diameters, dg, were found to correlate best with diffusion coefficients of PIM and TR polymers and serve to better analyze transport properties of upper bound materials.
Validating “Is ECC-ANN combination equivalent to DNN?” for speech emotion recognition

Use of the error correcting codes (ECC) in a multiclass audio emotion recognition problem is proposed to improve the emotion recognition accuracy. We visualize the emotion recognition system as a noisy communication channel, thus motivating the use of ECC. We assume the emotion recognition process consists of an audio feature extractor followed by an artificial neural network (ANN) for emotion classification. In our formulation, the noise in the communication channel is a result of insufficiently learnt ANN classifier which results in an erroneous emotion classification. We first show that the ECC-ANN combination performs better than the ANN classifier, justifying the use of ECC-ANN combination. We further make the conjecture that ECC in ECC-ANN combination can be visualized as a part of Deep Neural Network (DNN) where the intelligence is under control. We show through rigorous experimentation, on Emo-DB database, that the use of ECC-ANN combination is equivalent to the DNN; in terms of the improved recognition accuracies over an ANN. Our experimental results show that both ECC-ANN and DNN give a minimum absolute improvement of around 13.75%.
Evaluation of Satellite Rainfall Estimates and Gridded Gauge Products over the Upper Blue Nile Region

A relatively dense station network over the Ethiopian highlands is used to evaluate the accuracy of some satellite rainfall estimates and gridded raingauge products. The satellite rainfall estimates evaluated are GPCP, CMAP, RFE, TRMM-3B42, and CMORPH. These products are evaluated at monthly, ten-daily, and daily accumulations and spatial resolutions of 2.5°, 1°, 0.5° and 0.25° lat/long. The two gridded raingauge analyses evaluated are from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre and University of East Anglia. These monthly products were evaluated at spatial resolutions of 2.5°, 1°, and 0.5°. While satellite rainfall estimates at monthly and ten-daily time scale showed good agreements with the reference raingauge data, results for daily accumulations were not as good. However, the daily products performed reasonably well in detecting the occurrence of rainfall. Very good agreements were observed between the gridded raingauge analyses and the reference raingauge data.
'A Greater Sense of Urgency': EPA's Emergency Power Under the Safe Drinking Water Act and Lessons from Flint, Michigan

Section 1431 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) grants the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) expansive emergency authority to protect public drinking water sources from contamination. Specifically, section 1431 authorizes the EPA Administrator to take any action that he or she deems necessary to protect public health upon receiving information that (1) a contaminant posing an “imminent and substantial endangerment” to the public has entered—or is likely to enter—a public drinking water supply, and (2) appropriate state and local authorities have not acted to abate the threat. This power is expansive and subject to few limitations. In enacting section 1431, Congress sought to vest the EPA with broad enforcement authority to prevent public health crises caused by contaminated drinking water. Surprisingly, however, the EPA rarely invokes section 1431, or—as in Flint, Michigan—invokes section 1431 too late to achieve the preventative purpose that Congress intended. In the future, the EPA must invoke its emergency powers earlier and more frequently to effectuate SDWA’s preventative purpose and protect public health. Such a proactive use of emergency authority is consistent with the text, legislative history, and judicial interpretations of section 1431, and will allow EPA to realize its larger obligation under the SDWA to ensure that the public is supplied with safe drinking water.
Uncertainty Reduction and Conditioned Reinforcement

Pigeons were exposed to a single-key sequential choice procedure in which the choice phase was followed by either a multiple fixed-interval schedule of food reinforcement where different key-lights indicated which FI was in effect or by a mixed fixed-interval schedule of food reinforcement where the same key-light was present for either FI. In the choice phase a scrambled series of brief periods of blue and of green illumination of the key were presented. A single peck to blue produced the mult schedule; a single peck to green produced the mix schedule. The variable manipulated was the relative proportion of FI 10-sec. components in the mult and mix schedules. Pigeons pecked blue more frequently than green for proportions other than 0.00 and 1.00. Preference for blue was greater for the range of proportions from 0.03 to 0.50 than for the range from 0.50 to 0.97. Such asymmetry of preference is a problem for the information account of conditioned reinforcement.
Etiology of pre-eclampsia-eclampsia. III. The effect of oral ingestion of sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate by patients with toxemia of pregnancy.

Abstract Pregnant patients who showed too rapid weight gain, edema, hypertension, proteinuria, or various combinations of these signs were given sufficient identical 1 Gm. tablets ∗ of sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, or a placebo. Instructions were that they were to take 7 tables per day for one or more weeks and each patient was, if possible, to have taken the series of 4 tablets. In some patients, presumably those with true pre-eclampsia, the sodium ion, especially as sodium chloride, caused a definite increase in the weekly gain in weight, in the degree of edema, in the blood pressure, and in the proteinuria. However, in about 70 per cent of the patients there was no difference in the response to any of the four substances used. These studies of the oral and intravenous injection of sodium salts indicate that many patients who have signs of toxemia do not have true pre-eclampsia. We suggest the term “pseudo pre-eclampsia.” It is a waste of time to restrict the sodium intake of patients with pseudo pre-eclampsia as well as of many patients with hypertensive disease. Our work indicates a need for a better selection of patients and a more rigid restriction of the sodium ion in patients with true pre-eclampsia.
Transport properties of vapor grown orthorhombic sulfur crystals

Abstract Crystals of orthorhombic sulfur have been grown from the vapor phase and their electrical transport properties are compared with those of CS 2 solution grown and natural sulfur crystals. The temperature dependence of the hole drift mobilities shows that the transport mechanism is trap controlled. The trap depth in the vapor grown crystals is 0.22 eV which is the same as that for the solution grown crystals. However, the trap density (10 17 cm −3 ) in the vapor grown crystals is 1–4 orders of magnitude higher than found in the solution grown crystals. The trap is attributed to a structural defect in both types of crystal. The electron transport is by an intermolecular hopping process 3 which becomes trap controlled at lower temperatures. The trap depth and density are 0.4±0.1 eV and 10 14 cm −3 respectively. Thermally stimulated conductivity measurements have been made on vapor grown, solution grown and natural crystals. Peaks at 0.17 eV and 0.2 eV are correlated with electron and hole mobility activation energies respectively.