cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Persistent photoconductivity in a-Si1−xSx:H at low sulfur concentration

Abstract We present the observation in homogeneous, unlayered a-Si 1−x S x :H alloys of a light-induced increase of the dark conductivity which is similar to that found in compensated and doping-modulated a-Si:H. This effect occurs for small sulfur concentrations. The excess conductivity can be annealed at about 200°C independent of the hydrogen concentration in the films.
RESPIRATORY TRENDS IN PERIANTH SEGMENTS OF MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA

STUDIES OF floral respiration have in general been carried out to indicate the trend in respiration rate over a period of days or weeks. James and Beevers (1950) observed in the immature tissue of Arum spadix a gradual decrease in respiration followed by a sharp rise during the period of maturation. Siegelman et al. (1958) found a similar pattern in disks of rose petals during development. The trend in respiration appeared to be similar to the climacteric curve of several fruits as described by Biale (1958). However, in work done on excised mature flowers or floral parts of camellias by Bonner and Honda (1950), of roses by Siegelman (1952), and of Cattleya mossiae Hook. by Sheehan (1954), there was a continual drop in respiration with no increase comparable to a climacteric. In this study the relationship of metabolic activity, as indicated by oxygen consumption, to stages in floral development and to cytological changes is reported for the perianth segments of Magnolia grandiflora . MATERIALS AND METHODS.-Six trees in the Los Angeles area served as source for flowers. The blooming season in this region is May, June, and July. The work reported here was done during June and July of 1956. The flowers were selected at random and labeled on the first morning of bloom. This day was designated as the first day of bloom and all measurements were referred to this time. To determine the approximate age of buds in relation to the first day of bloom, a large group of buds from a given area on one tree was tagged and their length was recorded by daily measurements. Buds for respiration determinations were taken from the same region on the tree and their age, in relation to the first day of bloom, was estimated by comparison with those carried through to bloom. Flowers were collected and their age recorded in days and hours, with midnight prior to the first morning of bloom designated as the zero point. A lapse of from '70 to 90 min. occurred between picking and the beginning of a test in Warburg vessels; the data were recorded as of the time of picking. Respiration rate was based on oxygen uptake, measured by the Warburg manometric method and recorded as Qo2 (microliters of oxygen per milligram of dry weight per hour). Disks about 9 mm. in diameter were cut from the inner perianth segments with a cork borer. Between 15 and 18 of these disks, whose total weight varied between 390 and 410 mg., were used in each flask; in older flowers, due to desiccation, more disks had to be
Variables Related to Probable Success in Teaching

This research investigated the influence of a teacher education program on students' affective or humanistic personality growth. The purpose of the study was: 1) to determine whether graduates of the home economics education program were significantly more self- actualizing and open-minded as seniors than as sophomores; and 2) to determine whether the level of self-actualization and the degree of open-mindedness were related to cognitive predictors of success in teaching. Significant changes in self-actualization and dogmatism, measures of affective growth, were obtained from the sophomore to senior year. Regression models were developed combining selected affective and conventional cognitive indices of teaching success. Both affective and cognitive measures proved to be significant predictors of probable success in teaching home economics.
Atomistic Modeling of Corrosion Events at the Interface between a Metal and Its Environment

Atomistic simulation is a powerful tool for probing the structure and properties of materials and the nature of chemical reactions. Corrosion is a complex process that involves chemical reactions occurring at the interface between a material and its environment and is, therefore, highly suited to study by atomistic modeling techniques. In this paper, the complex nature of corrosion processes and mechanisms is briefly reviewed. Various atomistic methods for exploring corrosion mechanisms are then described, and recent applications in the literature surveyed. Several instances of the application of atomistic modeling to corrosion science are then reviewed in detail, including studies of the metal-water interface, the reaction of water on electrified metallic interfaces, the dissolution of metal atoms from metallic surfaces, and the role of competitive adsorption in controlling the chemical nature and structure of a metallic surface. Some perspectives are then given concerning the future of atomistic modeling in the field of corrosion science.
Oliver Williamson and His Impact on the Field of Strategic Management

Abstract In honor of Oliver Williamson's receipt of the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, this paper provides a set of perspectives on Williamson's impact on the field of strategic management. In addition to a few personal vignettes, the paper compiles citation statistics from the Strategic Management Journal over its entire history to report on the most frequently cited authors, most frequently cited papers, and dynamics of annual citations with respect to the most frequently cited authors. The paper also considers the breadth of topics to which Williamson's research contributes. The evidence suggests that Williamson's impact on strategic management research is not only profound but also continues to grow. Shifting to a prospective assessment, the paper explores the extent to which Williamson's research may impact future research in strategic management. To conclude the assessment, the paper turns to Williamson's PhD students who self-identify as strategic management scholars to understand his direct impact on a more personal dimension.
Catecholamine-Induced Release of 5–Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from Perfused Vasculature of Isolated dog Intestine

The ability of exogenously administered epinephrine, norepinephrine, and tyramine and stimulation of sympathetic nerves to release 5-HT from the vasculature of isolated dog intestinal segments has been investigated. These stimuli were all found to produce significant release of 5-HT. Administration of an α -receptor blocking agent (tolazoline) significantly reduced the 5-HT release by norepinephrine but not by epinephrine.
Low Strain Nanomechanics of Collagen Fibrils

The high stiffness of collagenous tissues such as tendon and ligament is derived in large part from the mechanics and geometries of the constituent collagen's hierarchical forms. The primary structural unit in connective tissues is the collagen fibril for which there exists little direct mechanical or deformational study. Therefore, the current understanding of the mechanisms involved is extrapolated from whole tissue data. To address this, the elastic response due to bending of readily extractable adult collagen fibrils was studied, and the results were compared to previously reported radial indentation experiments. A demonstration of a material anisotropy arising without loss of the assumptions of homogeneity is presented.
A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF THE SURFACE-TYPE NEUTRON MOISTURE GAUGE.

Abstract The surface-type neutron moisture gauge has been simulated with a modified version of the 05R Monte Carlo code available from the Radiation Shielding Information Center at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Results were obtained for 19 different sample media representative of a range of moisture contents for typical construction soils. These results are in the form of the following information for each neutron emerging from the sample surface: distance from source to point of emergence, neutron energy at emergence, and three direction cosines characteristic of the emergent direction of motion. The counting yield of two BF3-filled proportional counter detectors was predicted by the Monte Carlo simulation for 10 samples, and these predictions were compared to experimental results. The correspondence between the Monte Carlo simulation and the experimental results was found to be quite good. Results are given to indicate the effect of iron content and sample density on gauge response. The uses of the Monte Carlo simulation program and results are discussed, including optimum gauge design studies and calibrations of existing neutron gauges.
Semaphorin III can repulse and inhibit adult sensory afferents in vivo.

During development, semaphorins (collapsin, fasciclin) mediate repulsive and inhibitory guidance of neurons1–4. Semaphorin III, a secretable member of this family, is expressed by the ventral spinal cord at the time corresponding to projection of sensory afferents from the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) into the spinal cord6. The inhibitory effect of E14 ventral cord is active only on nerve growth factor (NGF)-responsive sensory afferents (smalldiameter A-delta and C fibers subserving sensations of temperature and pain)5. Similarly, COS cells secreting recombinant semaphorin III are able to selectively repel DRG afferents whose growth is stimulated by NGF and not NT-3 (ref. 7). However, it is not known whether these molecules can exert a functional role in the fully developed adult peripheral nervous system. In this study, we demonstrated that gene gun transfection and production of semaphorin III in corneal epithelial cells in adult rabbits in vivo can cause repulsion of established A-delta and C fiber trigeminal sensory afferents. In addition, it is shown that, following epithelial wounding and denervation, semaphorin III is able to inhibit collateral nerve sprouts from innervating the reepithelialized tissue. These findings are significant in that they provide direct evidence that small-diameter adult sensory neurons retain the ability to respond to semaphorin III. In addition, the corneal gene gun technique may be generally used to study the in vivo effects of neural growth modulators by quantifying the amount of sensory nerve growth.
Guanine Arabinoside as a Bone Marrow-Purging Agent

Arabinosylguanine (araG) is a nucleoside analogue that is rapidly converted by cells of the T lymphoid lineage to its corresponding arabinosylguanine nucleotide triphosphate (araGTP), resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and selective in vitro toxicity to T lymphoblastoid cell lines as well as to freshly isolated leukemia cells from patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We have previously demonstrated that araG is an effective agent to use for chemoseparation of malignant T lymphoblasts from human bone marrow. When freshly isolated human T leukemia cells or T lymphoblastoid cells were treated with 100 microM araG for 18 hours, up to 6 logs of clonogenic T cells are eliminated without appreciable toxicity to the normal myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytoid clonal progenitor cells. We subsequently described studies in a murine model of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in which we tested whether bone marrow contaminated with malignant T cells and purged ex vivo with araG, could reconstitute both the lymphoid and myeloerythroid lineages in the absence of leukemic relapse. The model utilized 6C3HED tumor cells, derived from a Thy 1.2+ malignant murine T cell line, which were shown to cause lethal leukemia in C3H/HeN mice. Intravenous injection of 10(6) 6C3HED cells resulted in 100 percent mortality within 18 days, with autopsy revealing tumor infiltration of multiple organs. Evidence of araG's ability to purge bone marrow of malignant tumor cells without causing significant toxicity to normal marrow-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells was documented in experiments in which 75 percent of lethally irradiated mice receiving transplants of syngeneic bone marrow contaminated with 6C3HED tumor cells and treated ex vivo with 100 mM araG for 18 hours survived for 250 to > 400 days. Reconstitution of the lymphoid, myeloid, and erythroid lineages with donor cells in surviving mice was documented. The data presented indicate that araG may effectively purge bone marrow of malignant T cells without irreversible toxicity to hematopoietic stem cells. This purging regimen is recommended for consideration for clinical trials in patients with T cell malignancies undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation and may also be a viable option for T cell depletion as a strategy to prevent graft versus host disease.
Trichogynes and Fertilization in Uni- and Bimating Type Colonies ofNeurospora tetrasperma☆

Abstract Microscopic examination of living, protoperithecium-bearing colonies of a, A, and a + A that have been challenged by macroconidia from the same three colony types has shown that active trichogynes, i.e., those that grow to and fuse with a conidium, are to be found only in the first two types. Thus, in the a colony the trichogynes respond to conidia from the A and a + A colonies while in the A colony they respond to conidia from a and a + A colonies. In contrast to this ability of conidia from a + A colonies to function as fertilizing elements, the trichogynes of these colonies, if indeed they are formed at all, do not so respond. This nonresponse in a + A colonies may be due to the perithecia that are developing at the time of the challenge. Evidence for this conclusion comes from unimating type colonies in which the two halves of each colony were challenged at different times, 48 h apart. Trichogynes and perithecia developed in the first half; neither developed in the second. This inhibition of trichogyne development and response in the presence of developing perithecia may be only one manifestation of a more general inhibitory action by these structures.
Association of glycogenolysis with cardiac sarcoplasmic recticulum: II. Effect of glycogen depletion, deoxycholate solubilization and cardiac ischemia: Evidence for a phosphorylase kinase membrane complex

The glycogenolytic enzymes associated with cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum have been shown to have two major features which make the munique. The conversion of phosphorylase b to phosphorylase a can take place in the presence of 20 m m eGTA which ordinarily inhibits this reaction by chelating the calcium which is required for the enzyme phosphorylase b kinase of muscle. In addition, inhibitors of “debrancher” enzyme such as Tris also inhibit phosphorylase b activity in the sarcoplasmic reticulum-glycogen complex, but do not inhibit purified phosphorylase. The phosphorylase b to a conversion which occurs through the addition of ATP alone is very rapid, being complete within 5–10 min in normal cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and converting approximately 30% of the total phosphorylase activity. DOC solubilization irreversibly perturbed the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane so that EGTA resistance could not be reconstituted although phosphorylase b to a conversion continued to some extent. Thus, EGTA sensitivity depended, at least in part, on some specific property of the native membrane system. Examination of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum from fast, slow and mixed skeletal muscle revealed that phosphorylase b to a conversion occurred, but was EGTA sensitive in a manner similar to that of the solubilized cardiac preparation. Glycogen depletion solubilized phosphorylase and uncoupled it from its activating enzymes. This uncoupling could not be reversed by the addition of glycogen at any concentration. A relationship was demonstrated between the phosphorylase activity in sarcoplasmic reticulum fractions and the glycogen concentration in both normal sarcoplasmic reticulum that was amylase treated, and from sarcoplasmic reticulum which was isolated from ischemic tissue. A correlation between density observed on a sucrose density gradient and glycogen concentration was described. The relationship between phosphorylase and debrancher activity depended only on the presence of glycogen and therefore was not as specific a structural feature. The results suggest that the sarcoplasmic reticulum glycogen complex is highly specific and that specific functional couplings between glycogen and sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes exist. Thus, modulation of the complex could occur through control of glycogenolysis or alterations in membrane conformation, and this complex might represent a link between energy metabolism and excitation-contraction coupling.
Mahan, Sea Power, and the War for American Independence

(1988). Mahan, Sea Power, and the War for American Independence. The International History Review: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 59-67.
An analysis of a zooplankton sampling-gear change in the CalCOFI long-term monitoring program, with implications for copepod population abundance trends

Abstract The California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) program has been systematically sampling zooplankton off the west coast of North America since 1949. In 1978, the 1-m diameter ring net used by the program was replaced with a bongo net, which consists of two 0.71-m diameter nets on a single frame. This study compares paired zooplankton samples taken with a ring net and a 0.71-m or 0.6-m bongo net to determine the relative performances of the two net types for catching calanoid copepods. Thirty-one species and stages were enumerated, along with the category ‘total female calanoids’. Twenty-one categories of calanoid copepods were abundant enough to test for effects of changes in net type. No significant differences between the nets were found after correcting for multiple testing. Statistical power was then estimated for a range of potential net effects equivalent to ratios of copepod densities between the nets of 1.1–3.0. The probability of detecting differences greater than a factor of 1.5–3.0 was high (≥80%) for total female calanoids, Metridia pacifica , Pleuromamma abdominalis edentata , P. borealis , Calanus pacificus , Eucalanus californicus and Rhincalanus nasutus . For these categories of copepods, any population changes greater than a factor of 1.5–3.0 that might be found from the CalCOFI data set can be assumed to be the result of factors other than the change in net type.
State of the Art on Endoscopic Mucosal Resection and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) provide new alternatives for minimally invasive treatment of superficial gastrointestinal malignancies. Evidence suggests that these techniques can be performed safely and have comparable outcomes to surgery with less morbidity and better quality of life due to their tissue-sparing nature when compared with conventional surgery. Although the techniques and accessories have become standardized, there is room for improvement, and further research and development are required. Current challenges facing American gastroenterologists or endoscopic surgeons include access to training and lack of appropriate reimbursement for these heavy-weighted and technically demanding procedures. Nevertheless, EMR and ESD are here to stay and are only the first steps toward true radical endoluminal resection of GI malignancies.
Emerging evidence for the use of insulin pump therapy in infants, toddlers, and preschool‐aged children with type 1 diabetes

Insulin pump therapy has, within the last 10 years, emerged as an increasingly popular modality of treatment to achieve intensive glycemic targets in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The evidence for the benefits of pump therapy has been demonstrated in adults and adolescents; however, until recently there has been a paucity of studies examining the efficacy and safety in pump therapy in very young children. The purpose of this article is to discuss the rationale for insulin pump therapy in infants and toddlers, review the available studies of pump therapy in this population, and show that the data support the use of insulin pumps in our very youngest of patients.
Fragmented standards and the development of Japan's microcomputer software industry☆

Abstract The Japanese software industry has yet to join the ranks of Japan's other industries pre-eminent in global competition. This research offers a perspective on the delay of a significant Japanese presence in global markets that relies on newly developed “network externalities” theory in economics. After summarizing the influence of the hardware industry on the development of the “downstream” software industry, the paper describes the deleterious impact of multiple standards on the emerging microcomputer software industry. The paper outlines public policy efforts to address problems that arise from multiple standards, and notes that public policy has proven less successful in this industry. A comparison of the competitiveness of the US and Japanese microcomputer software industries follows. The discussion on competitiveness suggests that while Japanese firms may lag in the near term, the problems posed by multiple standards may well aid in the long-term adaptability and performance of the Japanese industry. In contrast, the US industry, while benefiting from the existence of a single dominant standard, has evidenced difficulty moving to new standards.
Phenol oxidases and Drosophila development

Abstract Studies of phenol oxidase activation at different stages of development in Drosophila melanogaster have shown that maximum activity is achieved in late third-instar larvae. The straw5 mutant has at least as high a potential for oxidase production as the wild type and, in the mutant, the potential decreases much less during the period when melanization should occur. However, during this period the rate of phenol oxidase activation is much less in the mutant, a fact that can account for the pale bristle phenotype. Heat-induced blond phenocopies show activation behaviour similar to that of the straw5 mutant and the results demonstrate the existence of a critical sensitive period concerned with melanine production several hours before appearance of the pigment. In general, it appears that most of the phenol oxidase protein components are synthesized in the larvae and retained for use in melanine production some 3 to 4 days later.
In situ immobilization of Cu(II) in soils using a new class of iron phosphate nanoparticles.

Abstract This study tested the feasibility of using a new class of iron phosphate (vivianite) nanoparticles synthesized using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) as a stabilizer for in situ immobilization of Cu(II) in soils. Transmission electron microscopy measurements demonstrated that the particle size was about 8.4 ± 2.9 nm. Batch tests showed that nano-sized vivianite particles can effectively reduce the leachability and in vitro bioaccessibility of Cu(II) in three representative soils (calcareous, neutral, and acidic) at the low doses of 0.61 and 3.01 mg PO 4 g −1 soil. The Cu leachability was evaluated by the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and in vitro bioaccessibility was evaluated by the physiological based extraction test. In the case of soil amendment with nanoparticles in 3.01 mg PO 4 g −1 soil, Cu leachability reduced 63–87% and Cu concentrations in TCLP extract decreased from 1.74–13.33 mg l −1 to 0.23–2.55 mg l −1 after those soils were amended for 56 d. Meanwhile, the bioaccessibility of Cu was reduced by 54–69%. Sequential extraction procedures showed the significant decrease of water soluble/exchangeable Cu(II) and carbonate bound fractions and concomitant increase of Cu residual fraction after the soils were amended with the nanoparticles, suggesting that the formation of copper phosphate minerals through precipitation and adsorption was probably responsible for the decrease of Cu availability in soils. Visual MINTEQ modeling further revealed that Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and Cu 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH were formed in the vivianite–solid Cu(II) system, resulting in the decreased solubility of the Cu(II) in the acidic pH range.
Synergy between Activin A and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Transcriptional Activation of the Rat Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-β Gene

Both activin and GnRH can independently stimulate expression of the FSHβ subunit gene. In this study, we used the gonadotrope-derived LβT2 cell line to investigate the potential interaction between activin and GnRH in regulating the transcriptional activity of the rat FSHβ gene promoter. Activin A and GnRH synergistically enhanced rat FSHβ transcriptional activity. Overexpression of SMAD3 (mediator of decapentaplegic-related protein 3), but not of SMAD2, increased transcriptional activation of the rat (r) FSHβ gene promoter, which was further enhanced by the combined overexpression of SMAD3 and 4 (3+4). The stimulatory effects of SMAD3 overexpression were localized to −472/−256 of the rFSHβ gene promoter, and activin- and GnRH-responsive proteins were shown to bind to region −284/−252. Sequence analysis identified a consensus palindromic SMAD-binding site at −266/−259 of the rFSHβ gene promoter. Mutation of two bases located in the center of this palindrome effectively abrogated SMAD4 binding, markedly re...
Partial geometry of dimension three

Abstract This paper introduces the concept of a partial geometry of dimension three, extending the concept of an (r, k, t) partial geometry (which may be called of dimension two) due to Bose. An association scheme is defined on this system which is then shown to form a partially balanced incomplete block design based on an association scheme with three associate classes.
Transtibial ACL reconstruction technique fails to position drill tunnels anatomically in vivo 3D CT study

Purpose The purpose of this study was to visualize and quantify the positions of femoral and tibial tunnels in patients who underwent traditional transtibial single-bundle ACL reconstruction, as performed by multiple surgeons, utilizing 3D CT models, and to compare these positions to our previously reported anatomical tunnel positions.
A National Environmental Data Network Revealed Through the Study of Acid Rain

Abstract The topic generally known as acid rain presents a series of data and information challenges to researchers, policy makers, educators, and librarians and information specialists. Acid rain became one of the first and, at the time, one of the largest and most vexing environmental problems of a global scale in terms of both its origins and its solutions. The transport of air pollutants over long distances had been postulated as early as the 17th century. Scientific study of the chemical composition of the Earth's atmosphere began in earnest in the later half of the 19th century and continues today. This paper examines the development of a national network of environmental data-gathering activities revealed from decades of acid rain research in the United States, ranging from nationally coordinated, interagency research programs to state sponsored ecosystem and sub-ecosystem studies and data monitoring activities.
Characterization of Sub-10-fs Pulses for Nonlinear Optical Microscopy

Dispersion-compensation within a custom nonlinear optical microscope is achieved using chirped mirrors. Characterization of sub-10-fs pulses is achieved by interferometric autocorrelation in mouse tail tendon and simultaneous two-photon excited fluorescence of common fluorescent dyes.
Seasonal Reproduction of Muscidifurax raptor and Spalangia endius under Simulated Florida Conditions

Laboratory and field strains of Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders and a laboratory strain of Spalangia endius Walker were tested in environmental chambers. The field culture of M. raptor was obtained by exposing pupal house flies, Musca domestica L., to a natural population of parasites. Parasitism of house fly pupae was less successful at either of the lower temperature conditions (spring/fall or winter). At summer conditions, the field culture of M. raptor emerged over a slightly longer period than did the laboratory culture, though emergence began at about the same time. At spring/fall conditions, the field culture took somewhat less time to develop than the laboratory culture; at winter conditions, it developed much faster than the laboratory culture. Spalangia endius took somewhat longer for development at all temperatures.
Reflection function from a double layer — A new approach

To improve the accuracy of calculations for the reflection and transmission functions, doubling techniques are in use. The central theme of this method is to derive the total reflection function when two portions of a medium are adjoined together. The synthesis is done by the use of star product techniques which require a knowledge of theS andT functions of both parts of the medium. Infinite series expansion is necessary to compute the total reflection. The method developed in this article splits the total reflected beam into two parts, one relating to that flux which suffers no scattering at all in the first portion of the medium and the second portion that undergoes at least one scattering in the first portion. The first part can be evaluated simply by knowing the reflection function of the second portion of the medium. The other part of the total reflection for variations of the thickness of the first portion of the medium is found to obey a simple Riccati type integro-differential equation with zero initial conditions. Knowledge of theT functions is not necessary and integration has to be performed over the interval corresponding to thickness of the first portion of the medium. Order-of-scattering analysis is also carried out.
Development of cardiomyopathy and atrial tachyarrhythmias associated with activating autoantibodies to beta-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors

Abstract A 71-year-old male with well-controlled hypertension developed atrial tachyarrhythmias in 2002 and a restrictive cardiomyopathy in 2006 to 2007. Sera from 1992, 2001, and 2006 to 2008 demonstrated activating autoantibodies against β-adrenergic (AAβAR) and M2 muscarinic receptors (AAM2R). These sera have been characterized for bioactivity using in vitro assays of cardiac contractility and automaticity using a canine cardiac Purkinje fiber assay as well as protein kinase assay activation in H9c2 cells. These assays demonstrated concurrent positive βAR and inhibitory M2R effects that were blocked by nadolol and atropine, respectively. In a canine pulmonary vein atrial sleeve preparation, sera diluted 1:100 produced atrial hyperpolarization that was blocked by atropine. Atrial tachyarrhythmias developed in 2002 in the presence of a persistent bradycardia. Serial echocardiograms demonstrated progressive diastolic dysfunction in the absence of cardiac hypertrophy between 2006 and 2007. A dual-chamber pacemaker was installed with combined βAR (nadolol) and M2
Preparation of a Yogurt-like Product Containing Egg White

The fermentation of liquid egg white by lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, to develop a new yogurt-type product has been studied. Egg white was prepared by pasteurization, blending, and neutralization to minimize antimicrobial activity, and by combining additives to make the media more suitable for growth of lactic acid bacteria. Skim milk, gums (guar gum, CMC, xanthan gum), soymilk, and glucose were studied. Optimum results were obtained when 47.4% egg white was combined with 28.4% alkali treated soymilk. 19.0% skim milk. 1.9% glucose, 2.8% sucrose, 0.5% xanthan gum, and 0.01% vanilla extract. The composition per 100 gram of the final product included 7.52% protein, 0.57% fat, and 62 calories. Microbiological and sensory tests showed the product to be free of pathogens and to have an extended shelf life at refrigeration temperature.
Visual versus haptic progressive guidance for training in a virtual dynamic task

The objective of this work is to demonstrate that progressive haptic guidance can accelerate and improve motor task training outcomes over visual or practice-only methods in a training virtual environment (TVE). To that end, we design haptic and visual guidance schemes based on detailed analyses of performance differences between experts and novice trainees performing a dynamic motor control task in a TVE. Research shows that TVEs that include haptic interfaces produce significant short-term performance gains over audio visual TVEs. However, improved or accelerated long-term training outcomes for dynamic tasks have yet to be demonstrated due, at least in part, to the increasing dependence of the trainee on the assistance. To avoid this dependence, a progressive guidance controller can gradually remove the assistance as the performance of the trainee improves. However, the inputs to the guidance controller must be based on measurements of performance in the necessary kinematic and dynamic components of the task. Prior work introduced two such quantitative performance measures. We implement similar measures, trajectory error and input frequency, to identify and classify performance levels, thereby providing valid and robust inputs to the guidance controller. We demonstrate that progressive haptic guidance schemes can improve training in a dynamic task.
K-leap method for stochastic simulation of gene expression

In this paper, we develop a K-leap method for accelerating stochastic simulation. Compared to the tau-leap method of Gillespie and the tau-leap method with efficient step size selection of Cao et al., our simulation method is faster and more accurate.
Watching as Working: The Valorization of Audience Consciousness.

Does the audience “work” at watching television? Is the notion a real economic process, or does it serve as a metaphor? Our short answer is: It is both. It is a metaphor because it is a real economic process, specific to the commercial media, that produces value. How this process occurs is the argument of our article. The metaphorical power of “watching as working” arises from the particular relationship of the media and the economy as a whole. In the media, the whole economy exists as an image, an object of watchingmore precisely, an object ofthe actizjity of watching. At the same time, the media exist as a reflection of the whole economy of which they are a
Pervasive enablement of business processes

People are an important part of many business processes. Current workflow-based implementations of business processes constrain users to the desktop environment; require them to periodically check for pending tasks; and do not support direct or synchronous people-to-people interaction. On the other hand, the wide spectrum of people collaboration tools ranging from telephones to instant messaging and to email have no provision for structured collaboration and are separate from business processes. We have designed and implemented a system, dubbed PerCollab that integrates workflow and collaboration technologies. It allows people to participate in business processes from anywhere using a traditional collaboration mechanism. It proactively engages users in business processes by pushing interaction to a convenient device of the users. PerCollab uses an extended BPEL to formally define business processes with human partners and exploits dynamic user context to solve the personal mobility problem. Our prototype implementation integrates a variety of collaboration tools: instant messaging, email and e-meeting.
Practice and Paradox: Deconstructing Neutrality in Mediation

Based on our research on the practice of neutrality in mediation, we deconstruct the practice of neutrality in mediation by examining both the discourse of neutrality operant in mediators’accounts of their practice and the discourse processes in mediation sessions. We identify three key terms—justice, power, and ideology as a system of terms central to the rhetoric of neutrality. We challenge existing definitions of neutrality in and by analyzing the discourse processes in mediation practice, which allows for an alternative description of neutrality as a practice in discourse.
Sustaining theation's Aging Infrastructure Systems Lessons Learned Applying an Asset Management Framework

systems permeate society at both the personal and business levels. These systems are taken for granted, but the implications of system breakdowns are staggering and directly impact our national competitiveness, having both immediate consequences and long lasting effects on the local, regional and national economies. Many of the infrastructure systems found in the United States have been in place far beyond their design lives. How does an organization manage these aging assets given constrained resources? This paper presents an innovative research and problem formulation method created as part of an effort by the United States Army Corps of Engineers' to develop an Asset Management Framework (AMF) to manage its aging civil infrastructure assets. This paper outlines the development of the framework using an intent-driven command and control approach, grounded by the input from dozens of practitioners, gathered through a series of interviews, surveys, and field studies. The paper describes mechanisms used to bring together economists, biologists, civil engineers, and others to create a robust AMF. The AMF will be illustrated showing transparent integration of preservation and risk mitigation initiatives, as well as budget and resource allocation processes supporting a lifecycle investment strategy for sustainability across the entire agency. The Framework's scope includes oversight of much of America's watersheds covering 1,000 coastal structures, 800 dams, 250 navigation locks, 75 hydropower plants and other assorted facilities. Lessons learned in developing this system are provided, along with its current status. The implications of this work to other industries and pubic sector agencies will be examined.
The Irrelevance of Responsibility

Responsibility is often thought of as primarily a legal concept. Even when it is moral responsibility that is at issue, it is assumed that it is above all in moralities based on law-centered patterns and models that responsibility takes center stage, so that responsibility is a legal concept at its core, and is applicable to the realm of private morality only by extension and analogy.
Characterizing Latino anglers' environmental risk perceptions, sport fish consumption, and advisory awareness.

Sport fish advisories for the Great Lakes states suggest limiting consumption offish taken from the lakes and their tributaries because of chemical contamination. It appears, however, that minority anglers are less aware of the advisories and also consume greater amounts of sport fish than white anglers. We conducted focus groups in western New York with Latino anglers and partners of anglers to explore these patterns. Analysis revealed that older anglers believed local waters were of good quality and that it was safe to consume fish taken from them. They based their evaluation of both water and fish primarily on visual inspection. In contrast, younger Latinos believed that area waters were highly polluted because of dumping of waste from local industries. They fished away from urban areas in an effort to find cleaner, more swiftly moving waters. They considered consuming sport fish from urban areas highly risky, given their occasional illness experiences following meals of what they thought were polluted fish. For all Latino anglers, however, state-sponsored advisories were minimally effective because of their limited distribution and complex wording. Results point to differences in lay and scientific models of pollution and a need to bridge this gap in future risk-communication strategies. [Latinos; risk perception; risk communication; sport fish advisories]
Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema: Successful Treatment With IV Phentolamine

Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the acute onset of pulmonary edema following a significant CNS insult. The cause is believed to be a surge of catecholamines that results in cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Although there are myriad case reports describing CNS events that are associated with this syndrome, few studies have identified specific treatment modalities. We present a case of NPE caused by an intracranial hemorrhage from a ruptured arteriovenous malformation. We uniquely document a rise and fall of serum catecholamine levels correlating with disease activity and a dramatic clinical response to IV phentolamine.
The Problematics of Moral and Legal Theory , by Richard A. Posner. Cambridge (MA): The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1999. 320 pp.

In his professional life, Richard Posner is addressed as “Your Honor,” inasmuch as he is Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. He is also a senior lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School. Finally, he is a prolific author of books and articles in scholarly journals in which he expounds at length and with copious footnotes his particular views of jurisprudence and public policy. One of his frequent intellectual adversaries, legal philosopher Ronald Dworkin, wryly described Judge Posner as “the lazy judge who writes a book before breakfast, decides several cases before noon, teaches all afternoon at the Chicago Law School, and performs brain surgery after dinner.”
Patterns of Cocaine Use among Individuals in Substance Abuse Treatment

Recognition of the heterogeneity among substance abusers has led to increased attention to the issue of client-treatment matching. One approach involves identifying different patterns of use within samples of substance abusers. The present preliminary report employed a cluster analysis of various aspects of cocaine use to examine subgroups of cocaine users within a sample of individuals in treatment for substance abuse. Three clusters emerged, differentiated primarily by quantity/frequency of use and route of administration. The resulting subgroups were compared on measures of external validity. Results suggest that subgroups of cocaine use patterns do exist within a sample of substance abusers. In addition, these subgroups differ in age of cocaine use onset and the severity of negative consequences. Future research is needed to establish the clinical utility of these clusters.
Senate Bill 934 Improving the School Food Environment by Extending National Standards

Rates of obesity among children and adolescents in the United States have nearly tripled in the past 20 years. This epidemic is worrisome considering the many long-term health impacts that stem from obesity and overweight, including their impact on the economic well-being of the nation. Senate bill 934 (S.934), the Child Nutrition Promotion and School Lunch Protection Act of 2009, would extend federal school breakfast and lunch regulations to apply to all foods sold at schools in vending machines, snack bars, school stores, and a la carte programs. A variety of evidence shows that the competitive sale of high-fat and high-sugar foods at schools negatively affects the health status of children. However, schools often receive funding from major food and beverage corporations through these competitive food sales. Therefore, the ban on these products might have deleterious financial consequences for some schools, endangering extracurricular activities and other recreational activities that lack funding. Despi...
Validity of Cobb angle measurements using digitally photographed radiographs

Abstract Background context Advances in technology are influencing the way that medical information is archived and shared. Considering that an estimated two-thirds of the world has little or no orthopedic care, high demand exists for adequate consultation regarding diagnostic images in orthopedic specialties. Purpose To validate the use of photographed scoliosis films for the accurate interpretation of Cobb angles. Study design Retrospective review. Patient sample Thirty scoliosis radiographs. Outcome measure Cobb angle. Methods Thirty scoliosis radiographs were photographed using a digital camera from a straight and a 45° angle position. Cobb angles were then measured on the digital images using standard measurement software. Comparison was made between two types of curves: convex and concave, relative to the left side (side for the angled position). Results There was excellent reproducibility between the measurements of the conventional radiographs and the photographs taken from a straight on position, p value of .97 for convex curves and p value of .98 for concave curves. Photographs taken from a 45° angle significantly increased the magnitude of the curve convex to the angle (p=.001). Conclusion Sharing photographs of scoliosis radiographs can be done with reliability if the image is taken directly in front of the viewbox rather than at an oblique angle; pictures taken at oblique angles are prone to misinterpretation of curve magnitude.
Pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma: Expression of an activated c-myc oncogene causes the tumorigenic conversion of EBV-infected human B lymphoblasts

To study the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma, we introduced activated c-myc genes into human EBV-infected lymphoblastoid cells derived from in vitro infection of normal cord blood or directly from infected peripheral blood from AIDS patients. In both cell types the constitutive expression of exogenous c-myc caused negative regulation of endogenous c-myc expression, changes in growth properties typical of transformed cells, and acquisition of tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice. In all myc-transfected populations the degree of malignancy directly correlated with the level of c-myc mRNA. EBV infection and c-myc activation are thus sufficient for the tumorigenic conversion of human B cells in vitro, strongly supporting the hypothesis that these same two pathogenetic steps may be involved in the in vivo development of Burkitt lymphoma.
The Development of Memory for Location: What Role Do Spatial Prototypes Play?

Two experiments investigated the role of spatial prototypes in estimates of location. In Experiment 1 (N = 144), children and adults learned the locations of 20 objects in an open, square box designed to look like a model house. In two conditions, opaque lines or walls divided the house into four regions, and in the other condition, no boundaries were present. Following learning, the dots marking the locations were removed, and participants attempted to replace the objects. Children and adults overestimated distances between target locations in different regions. Contrary to Huttenlocher, Hedges, and Duncan's hierarchical theory of spatial memory, none of the groups displaced the objects toward the region centers. In Experiment 2 (N = 96), boundaries were removed during testing to determine whether children and adults were more likely to displace objects toward region centers when uncertainty about location increased. Again, all age groups overestimated distances between target objects in different regions. In addition, adults and 11-year-olds in the most salient boundary condition displaced objects toward the region centers. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results for understanding how children and adults estimate location.
Chapter 7 – Composition of International Capital Flows: A Survey

This chapter was originally published in The Evidence and Impact of Financial Globalization published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for noncommercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who you know, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator.