cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interstock effects on growth and 45Ca distribution in ‘delicious’ apple seedlings 1

Abstract Comparisons were made of the 45Ca uptake of ‘Redchief Delicious’ apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh) grown on ‘York Imperial’ rootstocks with interstocks of ‘Redchief Delicious’, M9 and short, medium and long internode ‘Delicious’ stocks. Seedlings were grown in aerated complete nutrient solutions. Applied 45Ca was readily translocated to rootstocks, interstocks, scions and leaves of M9 and short internode combinations. 45Ca accumulated to a much greater extent in rootstock and the interstock than the scion. Applied 45Ca was translocated much more readily to the bark than to the wood.
Duck Hepatitis B Virus Integrations in LMH Chicken Hepatoma Cells: Identification and Characterization of New Episomally Derived Integrations

While the cytoplasmic phase of the hepadnavirus replication cycle is well understood, very little is known about the nuclear phase. In contrast to retroviruses, proviral integration is not required for hepadnavirus replication; however, some of the viral DNAs in the nucleus are diverted into an integration pathway. Under certain conditions these integrations function as carcinogenic agents. In order to study the integration process, we have utilized LMH-D2 cells, which replicate wild-type duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), to develop the first protocol to detect and characterize integrations of DHBV originating from episomal viral DNAs. Contrary to expectations, our results showed that stable new integrations are readily detectable in subclones of LMH-D2 cells. Complete characterization of one integration revealed a single-genome-length integrant with the structure of double-stranded linear (DSL) DHBV DNAs which are produced by in situ priming during viral replication. The integration contained a terminal redundancy of 6 bp from the r region of the virus DNA minus strand as well as a direct repeat of 70 bp of cellular DNA. On the basis of the structure of the integrant and the cellular DNA target site, we propose a molecular model for the integration mechanism that has some similarities to that of retroviruses. Identification of DSL hepadnavirus DNA integration suggests the possibility that modified DSL viral DNAs may be the precursors to a class of simple, unrearranged hepadnavirus integrations.
Robustness of the influence of El Niño on the spatial extent of tropical drought

Abstract. It has been well established that drought frequently emerges in several tropical regions following the onset of El Nino. An important characteristic of such droughts is their spatial extent, which has recently been linked to the strength of a particular El Nino event. Here the robustness of this relationship is examined through comparison of results from several gridded precipitation analyses for the global tropics. It is found that there is very good agreement across these datasets, including those which incorporate satellite rainfall estimates, confirming that maximum drought extent in tropical land areas increases nearly linearly with associated maximum sea surface temperature anomalies in the east-central tropical Pacific during El Nino events.
When Preferences and Commitments Collide: The Effect of Relative Partisan Shifts on International Treaty Compliance

In this article, we demonstrate that changes in the partisan orientation of a country's executive branch influence the likelihood that the government of that country complies with international legal commitments aimed at integration of capi- tal markets+ We argue that relative shifts in executive partisan orientation, whether toward the left or toward the right, represent important shifts in "national prefer- ences" that have heretofore been absent from statistical models of treaty compliance+ Using a matching estimator combined with a genetic algorithm to maximize balance in our sample, we show that the causal impact of a state signing Article VIII of the IMF Articles of Agreement is conditioned by right-to-left shifts in partisan orienta- tion+ The evidence indicates that such preference changes reduce the constraining effects of Article VIII but also indicates that Article VIII continues to exercise signif- icant causal effects even in the face of relative shifts in executive partisan orientation+ Many students of international relations have argued that international laws and institutions can ameliorate the conflict-producing properties of international anar- chy+ They hope by consequence that such arrangements may help states achieve mutually beneficial forms of cooperation, and thereby attain and fortify peace among them+ For these students, international law and institutions "matter" in world pol- itics insofar as they can constrain otherwise independent states to eschew pro- scribed forms of behavior+ However, in recent years institutionalists have had to confront the argument that even a high level of compliance by states with international rules is not in fact evidence of the latter's efficacy or independent effects on state behavior+ 1 States
Perception of Object Length by Sound

Although hearing is classically considered a temporal sense, everyday listening suggests that subtle spatial properties constitute an important part of what people know about the world through sound. Typically neglected in psychoacoustics research, the ability to perceive the precise sizes of objects on the basis of sound was investigated during the routine event of dropping wooden dowels of different lengths onto a hard surface. In two experiments, the ordinal and metrical success of naive listeners was related to length but not to the simple acoustic variables (duration, amplitude, frequency) likely to be related to it. Additional analysis suggests the potential relevance of an object's inertia tensor in constraining perception of that object's length, analogous to the case that has been made for perceiving length by effortful touch.
Public participation, civic capacity, and climate change adaptation in cities

Abstract Cities are increasingly involved in planning for climate change adaptation, although the extent and role of public participation in such efforts remains poorly theorized and understudied. This paper employs a case survey methodology to systematically review the recent literature on urban climate change adaptation with respect to public participation, stakeholder engagement, and civic capacity. Six forms of participation in urban adaptation are identified from the literature and the distinguishing characteristics and use of each type are examined across the cases. Few cases illustrate robust and sustained civic capacity in the governance of urban climate adaptation, although several cases reveal budding capacity that could emerge with further efforts to engage businesses and citizens in articulating priorities and strategies for future adaptation efforts.
Measuring Students’ Perceptions of Institutional Identity: Validating the DePaul Mission and Values Inventory at a Franciscan University

The DePaul Mission and Values Inventory (DMV) was validated based on the mission, identity, and values of a large, urban, Catholic, Vincentian institution. 1 We examined the suitability of the DMV at a small, suburban, Catholic, Franciscan university. A sample of 275 undergraduates (218 women, 57 men: M age = 23.47 years old: SD = 8.81) completed the inventory. The original DMV inventory items were maintained, however, some items were changed to refl ect the identity of the current institution. Confi rmatory factor analyses indicated a moderate fi t on subscales for a Franciscan-DMV measure assessing religious pluralism (i.e., all faiths including Catholicism are supported) and innovative/inclusive programming (i.e., taking risks in programming and a campus that welcomes diversity). Results suggest that the DMV may be easily adapted for other religiously affi liated institutions. Given the paucity of valid and reliable inventories, other faith-based institutions might consider using the DMV in their regular mission assessment.
Combination of anti-CD73 and agonistic anti-CD137 antibody therapy leads to tumor regression (TUM2P.1030)

Agonist antibodies (Ab) directed against costimulatory molecule CD137 (4-1BB) on the surface of antigen-primed T-lymphocytes are currently in various stages of pre-clinical and clinical development, though therapeutic benefit has been limited as single agents. Here, we examined the inhibitory role of CD73 on the antitumor efficacy of agonistic anti-CD137 Ab therapy. CD73-deificient mice treated with anti-CD137 Ab completely rejected CD73-nonexpressing B16-SIY melanoma growth when compared with wild-type mice, highlighting the importance of an inhibitory role for host-derived CD73. To explore the therapeutic relevance of these observations, we combined anti-CD137 and anti-CD73 Ab to treat mice with established B16-SIY melanoma. This combination therapy induced tumor regression associated with enhanced antitumor CD8 + T cell responses and reduced CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells number and function. In contrast, neither anti-41BB nor anti-CD73 monotherapy is effective to control the growth of established melanoma. Our study demonstrates that CD73 blockade has critical implications for effective clinical targeting of CD137 and possibly other costimulatory molecules.
A Pulsed Spectrometer Designed for Feedback NQR

A pulsed NQR spectrometer specifically designed to facilitate real-time tuning of pulse sequence parameters is described. A modular approach based on the interconnection of several rack-mounted blocks provides easy access to all spectrometer signals and simplifies the task of modifying the spectrometer design. We also present experimental data that demonstrates the ability of the spectrometer to increase the signal to noise ratio of NQR measurements by automatically adjusting the pulse width in the strong off-resonant comb pulse sequence.
Oviposition Behavior and the Existence of an Oviposition-deterring Pheromone in Hylemya

Evidence is presented demonstrating that the regular distribution observed in larvae and eggs of Hylemya sp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) is due to an oviposition-deterring pheromone. The pheromone is secreted at the time of oviposition and is associated with the egg. Females actively search for this pheromone before deciding whether to oviposit.
Classification of MEG Signals Using Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis

The magnetoenephalography(MEG) signals have higher spatiotemporal resolution than EEG signals,which can be used as input signals to build brain-computer interface(BCI) system.Feature extraction and classification methods of the MEG signals were introduced.Firstly,the MEG signals were preprocessed,and then time domain features were extracted.Finally,Fisher linear discriminant analysis(LDA) was used to classify the MEG signals.This algorithm was used to the data set Ⅲ of 2008 BCI competition which was a typical MEG-based BCI system.The off-line analysis results showed that high classification accuracy of 59.46% and 43.24% for two subjects(subject S1 and subject S2) could be obtained using this proposed algorithm.This algorithm is more efficient and simpler than others,which can be regarded as a good reference.
19 Mechanisms and contributing factors of side-by-side vehicle crashes

Statement of purpose Side-by-sides (SxSs), which includes utility task vehicles (UTVs) and recreational off-highway vehicles (ROVs), have become increasingly popular over the past few years. The study objective was to evaluate SxS crashes with respect to demographics, crash mechanisms, and associated risk factors. Methods/approach A retrospective chart review and analysis was performed of SxS vehicle trauma victims at the University of Iowa from 2008–2013. Results Thirty-three patients with SxS-related injuries were identified. Two-thirds were males. Over half (55%) were children Conclusions Although most current SxS models have roll bars, lack of safety belt use is reducing their benefit. Youth suffer a high percentage of the SxS injuries, often while driving. Significance and contributions No previous reports specifically address the epidemiology of SxS crashes. Study results support prohibiting children from operating SxSs. Certain adult populations appear at risk and may require targeted interventions.
Insights in Public Health: Newborn Screening Saves Babies Using Public/Private Partnerships.

Newborn screening (NBS) is heralded as one of the most successful public health programs using early detection and intervention to prevent disability, disease, and death in children. Nationally, 4 million newborns receive NBS annually and 12,500 of these newborns are identified as having a disorder.1 This year marks 50 years of NBS in Hawai‘i and we have come a long way since the first tests for phenylketonuria (PKU) were ordered by Hawai‘i pediatricians in 1965. Newborn screening has matured into a statewide program coordinated by the Department of Health (DOH), and the screening panel now includes tests for 33 metabolic disorders, hearing loss, and critical congenital heart disease. In 2014, 99.8 percent of all newborns received NBS in Hawai‘i. Approximately 1 in 55 newborns have a positive test result that needs follow-up to determine if the newborn has the disorder. All newborns detected and confirmed with a disorder (1 in 624) receive appropriate follow-up and intervention services in a timely manner.2
Arousal dynamics drive vocal production in marmoset monkeys

Vocal production is the result of interacting cognitive and autonomic processes. Despite claims that changes in one interoceptive state (arousal) govern primate vocalizations, we know very little about how it influences their likelihood and timing. In this study we investigated the role of arousal during naturally occurring vocal production in marmoset monkeys. Throughout each session, naturally occurring contact calls are produced more quickly, and with greater probability, during higher levels of arousal, as measured by heart rate. On average, we observed a steady increase in heart rate 23 s before the production of a call. Following call production, there is a sharp and steep cardiac deceleration lasting ∼8 s. The dynamics of cardiac fluctuations around a vocalization cannot be completely predicted by the animal's respiration or movement. Moreover, the timing of vocal production was tightly correlated to the phase of a 0.1-Hz autonomic nervous system rhythm known as the Mayer wave. Finally, a compilation of the state space of arousal dynamics during vocalization illustrated that perturbations to the resting state space increase the likelihood of a call occurring. Together, these data suggest that arousal dynamics are critical for spontaneous primate vocal production, not only as a robust predictor of the likelihood of vocal onset but also as scaffolding on which behavior can unfold.
Effects of Service-Learning on Kinesiology Students’ Attitudes Toward Children With Disabilities

Contact theory (Allport, 1954) served as the framework to investigate undergraduate kinesiology students’ attitudes toward children with disabilities after a service-learning (SL) experience. Fifty-one undergraduate kinesiology students enrolled in an adapted physical education (APE) course served as the experimental group, and 31 undergraduate kinesiology students enrolled in an introductory kinesiology course served as the control group. The Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale–Form A (Yuker, Block, & Younng, 1970) was administered at three different times: before, during, and after the SL. A mixed-design ANOVA revealed that there were no statistically significant main or interaction effects for gender, group, and time on the attitude scores of kinesiology students toward children with disabilities. The results suggest that the quantity and quality of contact time with children with disabilities may be important to consider when designing and structuring SL experiences in APE courses.
Coming to Critical Pedagogy

Critical pedagogies emerge as direct responses to concrete material conditions and historical processes. For example, the word socialism first appeared in England in the nineteenth century as a socio-economic alternative vision to capitalism (Cole, 2008). Enslaved Africans in the southern region of what would become the United States forged a black liberation theology as part of the struggle to end slavery.
Amyloid Beta Influences Vascular Smooth Muscle Contractility and Mechanoadaptation

Amyloid beta accumulation in neuronal and cerebrovascular tissue is a key precursor to development of Alzheimer's disease and can result in neurodegeneration. While its persistence in Alzheimer's cases is well-studied, amyloid beta's direct effect on vascular function is unclear. Here, we measured the effect of amyloid beta treatment on vascular smooth muscle cell functional contractility and modeled the mechanoadaptive growth and remodeling response to these functional perturbations. We found that the amyloid beta 1-42 isoform induced a reduction in vascular smooth muscle cell mechanical output and reduced response to vasocontractile cues. These data were used to develop a thin-walled constrained mixture arterial model that suggests vessel growth, and remodeling in response to amyloid betamediated alteration of smooth muscle function leads to decreased ability of cerebrovascular vessels to vasodilate. These findings provide a possible explanation for the vascular injury and malfunction often associated with the development of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
Distracting Interlude: Clapeyron and Duhamel

The theory of Carnot was taken up by Clapeyron in a memoir1 published in 1834. While CLAPEYRON (§I) hails “the idea which serves as a basis of [Carnot’s] researches” as being “both fertile and beyond question”, he deplores Carnot’s preference for “avoiding the use of mathematical analysis” in favor of “a chain of difficult and elusive arguments” so as to arrive at “results which can be deduced easily from a more general law.”
Electronically captured, patient-reported physical function: an important vital sign in obesity medicine.

SummaryObjectives Impaired physical function (i.e., inability to walk 200 feet, climb a flight of stairs or perform activities of daily living) predicts poor clinical outcomes and adversely impacts medical and surgical weight management. However, routine assessment physical function is seldom performed clinically. The PROMIS Physical Function Short Form 20a (SF-20a) is a validated questionnaire for assessing patient reported physical function, which includes published T-score percentiles adjusted for gender, age and education. However, the effect that increasing levels of obesity has on these percentiles is unclear. We hypothesized that physical function would decline with increasing level of obesity independent of gender, age, education and comorbidity. Materials and Methods This study included 1,627 consecutive weight management patients [(mean ± SEM), 44.7 ± 0.3 years and 45.1 ± 0.2 kg/m2] that completed the PROMIS SF-20a during their initial consultation. We evaluated the association between obesity level and PROMIS T-score percentiles using multiple linear regression adjusting for gender, age, education and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Results Multiple linear regression T-score percentiles were lower in obesity class 2 (−12.4%tile, p < 0.0001), class 3 (−17.0%tile, p < 0.0001) and super obesity (−25.1%tile, p < 0.0001) compared to class 1 obesity. Conclusion In patients referred for weight management, patient reported physical function was progressively lower in a dose-dependent fashion with increasing levels of obesity, independent of gender, age, education and CCI.
Low power design practices for power optimization at the logic and architecture levels for VLSI system design

Reduction of power consumption in battery-powered and portable VLSI systems has become an important aspect in system design. The various sources of power dissipation have been discussed in this paper. Opportunities for power optimization and tradeoffs emphasizing low power are available across the entire design hierarchy through different levels including technology, layout, circuit, logic, architecture, software and system levels. A review of low-power techniques applied at logic and architecture levels of the design hierarchy has been presented in detail in this paper, with some of the design decisions made for the implementation of VLSI system.
Distribution and Properties of Ethylene-Binding Component from Plant Tissue

Ethylene binding ([14C]ethylene displaced by unlabeled ethylene) has been observed in a number of plants and plant parts (4, 6). Although proof that the ethylene-binding component is the physiological receptor is lacking, circumstantial evidence points to its being the receptor. The concentration of ethylene necessary to displace [14C]ethylene from the binding site is very close to the concentration necessary to give a physiological response. In addition, other compounds which give a physiological response similar to that of ethylene, such as propylene and carbon monoxide, also displace [14C]ethylene from the binding site at physiological levels (6).
An undergraduate inclusive teacher preparation programme in early childhood education: an online delivery approach

ABSTRACTAs teacher shortages or teacher turnover rate continue to proliferate in the field of early childhood education (ECE) across the United States in the past few decades, there seem to be a pressing need for teacher preparation programmes to accommodate prospective ECE pre-service teachers (who do not have the chance to enroll in traditional teacher preparation programmes due to geographical reasons, busy daily work schedules, and other personal reasons). This accommodation will provide them the alternative to complete their entire online coursework in ECE that would adequately prepare them for careers in various inclusive early childhood settings. This article will describe the organization and development of an alternative online approach for the degree of Bachelor of Science in ECE in a southwestern state of the United States.
Security-Aware Scheduling of Embedded Control Tasks

In this work, we focus on securing cyber-physical systems (CPS) in the presence of network-based attacks, such as Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks, where a stealthy attacker is able to compromise communication between system sensors and controllers. Standard methods for this type of attacks rely on the use of cryptographic mechanisms, such as Message Authentication Codes (MACs) to ensure data integrity. However, this approach incurs significant computation overhead, limiting its use in resource constrained systems. Consequently, we consider the problem of scheduling multiple control tasks on a shared processor while providing a suitable level of security guarantees. Specifically, by security guarantees we refer to control performance, i.e., Quality-of-Control (QoC), in the presence of attacks. We start by mapping requirements for QoC under attack into constraints for security-aware control tasks that, besides standard control operations, intermittently perform data authentication. This allows for the analysis of the impact that security-related computation overhead has on both schedulability of control tasks and QoC. Building on this analysis, we introduce a mixed-integer linear programming-based technique to obtain a schedulable task set with predefined QoC requirements. Also, to facilitate optimal resource allocation, we provide a method to analyze interplay between available computational resources and the overall QoC under attack, and show how to obtain a schedulable task set that maximizes the overall QoC guarantees. Finally, we prove usability of our approach on a case study with multiple automotive control components.
How LRW Faculty Can Best Position Themselves for Law School Administration

Law school administrators are increasingly coming from the ranks of those who teach legal writing. For those legal writing faculty who are interested in law school administration, this paper is designed to help you land that position.
Lexical Resources and Ontological Classifications for the Recognition of Proper Names Sense Extension

Particular uses of PNs with sense extension are focussed on and inspected taking into account the presence of PNs in lexical semantic databases and electronic corpora. Methodology to select ad include PNs in semantic databases is described; the use of PNs in corpora of Italian Language is examined and evaluated, analyzing the behaviour of a set of PNs in different periods of time. Computational resources can facilitate our study in this field in an effective way by helping codify, translate and handle particular cases of polysemy, but also guiding in metaphorical and metonymic sense recognition, supported by the ontological classification of the lexical semantic entities. The relationship between the abstract and the concrete, which is at the basis of the Conceptual Metaphor perspective, can be considered strictly related to the variation of the ontological values found in our analysis of the PNs and their belonging classes which are codified in the ItalWordNet database.
Effects of preservation method on canine (Canis lupus familiaris) fecal microbiota

Studies involving gut microbiome analysis play an increasing role in the evaluation of health and disease in humans and animals alike. Fecal sampling methods for DNA preservation in laboratory, clinical, and field settings can greatly influence inferences of microbial composition and diversity, but are often inconsistent and under-investigated between studies. Many laboratories have utilized either temperature control or preservation buffers for optimization of DNA preservation, but few studies have evaluated the effects of combining both methods to preserve fecal microbiota. To determine the optimal method for fecal DNA preservation, we collected fecal samples from one canine donor and stored aliquots in RNAlater, 70% ethanol, 50:50 glycerol:PBS, or without buffer at 25 °C, 4 °C, and -80 °C. Fecal DNA was extracted, quantified, and 16S rRNA gene analysis performed on Days 0, 7, 14, and 56 to evaluate changes in DNA concentration, purity, and bacterial diversity and composition over time. We detected overall effects on bacterial community of storage buffer (F-value = 6.87, DF = 3, P < 0.001), storage temperature (F-value=1.77, DF = 3, P = 0.037), and duration of sample storage (F-value = 3.68, DF = 3, P < 0.001). Changes in bacterial composition were observed in samples stored in -80 °C without buffer, a commonly used method for fecal DNA storage, suggesting that simply freezing samples may be suboptimal for bacterial analysis. Fecal preservation with 70% ethanol and RNAlater closely resembled that of fresh samples, though RNAlater yielded significantly lower DNA concentrations (DF = 8.57, P < 0.001). Although bacterial composition varied with temperature and buffer storage, 70% ethanol was the best method for preserving bacterial DNA in canine feces, yielding the highest DNA concentration and minimal changes in bacterial diversity and composition. The differences observed between samples highlight the need to consider optimized post-collection methods in microbiome research.
Symmetric Domains and Symmetric Spaces

A domain \( D \subset {\mathbb{C}^n} \) is said to be a bounded symmetric domain if it is bounded and if for every z in D there exists an automorphism \( {s_z} \in G(D) \)such that s z is involutive (i.e. s z o s z = id) and z is an isolated fixed point of s z .
Strain localization and dynamic recrystallization in polycrystalline metals: Thermodynamic theory and simulation framework

Abstract We describe a theoretical and computational framework for adiabatic shear banding (ASB) and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) in polycrystalline materials. The Langer-Bouchbinder-Lookman (LBL) thermodynamic theory of polycrystalline plasticity, which we recently reformulated to describe DRX via the inclusion of the grain boundary density or the grain size as an internal state variable, provides a convenient and self-consistent way to represent the viscoplastic and thermal behavior of the material, with minimal ad-hoc assumptions regarding the initiation of yielding or onset of shear banding. We implement the LBL-DRX theory in conjunction with a finite-element computational framework. Favorable comparison to experimental measurements on a top-hat AISI 316L stainless steel sample compressed with a split-Hopkinson pressure bar suggests the accuracy and usefulness of the LBL-DRX framework, and demonstrates the crucial role of DRX in strain localization.
Writing the Northern Expedition, 1785–1793: Martin Sauer’s An Account of a Geographical and Astronomical Expedition to the Northern Parts of Russia (1802)

Martin Sauer’s An Account of a Geographical and Astronomical Expedition to the Northern Parts of Russia (1802) has traditionally been accepted as the most authoritative account of the Northern Expe...
Corona discharge electrospray ionization of formate-containing solutions enables in-source reduction of disulfide bonds.

Disulfide bonds are critical linkages for maintaining protein structure and enzyme activity. These linkages, however, can limit peptide sequencing efforts by mass spectrometry (MS) and often require chemical reduction and alkylation. Under such conditions, information regarding cysteine connectivity is lost. Online partial disulfide reduction within the electrospray (ESI) source has recently been established as a means to identify complex cysteine linkage patterns in a liquid chromatography-MS experiment without the need for sample pre-treatment. Corona discharge (CD) is invoked as the causative factor of this in-source reduction (ISR); however, evidence remains largely circumstantial. In this study, we demonstrate that instrumental factors—nebulizing gas, ESI capillary material, organic solvent content, ESI spray needle-to-MS distance—all modulate the degree of reduction observed for the single disulfide in oxytocin, further implicating CD in ISR. Rigorous analysis of solution conditions, however, reveals that corona discharge alone can induce only minor disulfide reduction. We establish that CD-ESI of peptide solutions containing formic acid or its conjugate base results in a dramatic increase in disulfide reduction. It is also determined that ISR is exacerbated at low pH for complex peptides containing multiple disulfide bonds and possessing higher-order structure, as well as for a small protein. Overall, our results demonstrate that ESI of formate/formic acid–containing solutions under corona discharge conditions facilitates disulfide ISR, likely by a similar reduction pathway measured in γ-radiolysis studies nearly three decades ago.
Examining and Supporting Laypeople's Learning in Online Health Information Seeking

It has long been understood that knowledge acquisition is an important component in the information seeking process [2,18]. Further, empirical studies have demonstrated that learning is a common phenomenon in information seeking[8, 10, 20]. However, for users, especially laypeople, who must gain knowledge through their interactions with a search engine, the current general-purpose search engine does not sufficiently support learning through search. Health information seeking (HIS, hereafter) is a domain-specific search [14], where users who possess higher knowledge tend to have better strategies and performances in solving their search tasks [3, 21]. While learning clearly plays an important role in the HIS process, there has been little research in this area. Little is known about the factors that might enhance or impede such learning during online HIS. Therefore, this project aims at examining health consumers, especially laypeople's search as learning behaviors and performances. A mixed method design will be adopted, consisting of experimental-based studies and interviews. So far, we have conducted 24 user studies and semi-structured interviews, investigating the source selection behaviors in the HIS tasks with increasing levels of learning goals. The results of this phase of the study will be used to guide the following analysis and predict laypeople's knowledge levels in the HIS process and provide corresponding support.
A route to Z-enediynes via Pd catalyzed alkyne additions

Abstract The combination of a Pd catalyzed mixed addition of a terminal alkyne with an internal alkyne and radical catalyzed E-Z isomerization provides an atom economical route to Z -enediynes.
Ethnic dining: Need to belong, need to be unique, and menu offering

Abstract Many ethnic restaurants “Americanize” their menus to cater to mainstream American customers’ palate; on the other hand, they offer a “secret” (more authentic) menu to their original, ethnic customers. Inspired by consumer online reviews reflecting “secret menus” in ethnic restaurants, this research examines the joint impact of offering an authentic menu and the presence of other customers on customer satisfaction. Results from this study show that mainstream American customers’ satisfaction decreases when an authentic menu is not offered. The moderated mediation analysis further demonstrates that authentic menu offering influences satisfaction through the activation of two distinct psychological motivations, depending on the ethnic composition of other customers. Specifically, being surrounded by Asian (Caucasian) customers activates the need to belong (need to be unique) when an authentic menu is not offered. Such heightened psychological needs consequently lead to declines in customer satisfaction. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
DeapSECURE: Empowering Students for Data- and Compute-Intensive Research in Cybersecurity through Training

As the volume and sophistication of cyber-attacks grow, cybersecurity researchers, engineers and practitioners rely on advanced cyberinfrastructure (CI) techniques like big data and machine learning, as well as advanced CI platforms, e.g., cloud and high-performance computing (HPC) to assess cyber risks, identify and mitigate threats, and achieve defense in depth. There is a training gap where current cybersecurity curricula at many universities do not introduce advanced CI techniques to future cybersecurity workforce. At Old Dominion University (ODU), we are bridging this gap through an innovative training program named DeapSECURE (Data-Enabled Advanced Training Program for Cyber Security Research and Education). We developed six non-degree training modules to expose cybersecurity students to advanced CI platforms and techniques rooted in big data, machine learning, neural networks, and high-performance programming. Each workshop includes a lecture providing the motivation and context for a CI technique, which is then examined during a hands-on session. The modules are delivered through (1) monthly workshops for ODU students, and (2) summer institutes for students from other universities and Research Experiences for Undergraduates participants. Future plan for the training program includes an online continuous learning community as an extension to the workshops, and all learning materials available as open educational resources, which will facilitate widespread adoption, adaptations, and contributions. The project leverages existing partnerships to ensure broad participation and adoption of advanced CI techniques in the cybersecurity community. We employ a rigorous evaluation plan rooted in diverse metrics of success to improve the curriculum and demonstrate its effectiveness.
Providers' involvement of blended families in pediatric weight management programs.

INTRODUCTION Family based interventions are the standard for pediatric weight management programs (PWMPs), yet the details of how to involve additional family members, when youth are part of blended families (i.e., step families) or reside in multiple households is not well understood. The objective of this study is to describe how providers involve blended families and multiple households in PWMPs. METHOD A cross-sectional exploratory survey was conducted of providers at PWMPs in the United States and Canada. The survey questions included had both multiple choice and open-ended responses. Univariate analyses were conducted. RESULTS 71 providers participated, representing 47 centers/clinics. The majority (96%) reported assessing multiple households, most often during the medical history. Providers reported including the primary caretakers at all known residences (59%), but not immediate family members beyond the primary caretakers. Providers reported adapting dietary (88%) and physical activity (77%) recommendations to accommodate multiple households. The most frequent adaptations included the goals at each family/household, adjustments on a per family basis or based on family resources, and making materials available to all family members. The most frequent challenges in extending treatment plans to multiple households included one caretaker/household not willing to participate or being present at visits, and inconsistency between households. Despite providers reporting that they assess multiple households, they did not have a formal interview template or form to use in assessments (27%). DISCUSSION Providers recognize the challenges and complexity that blended families present with in obesity treatment. Further research is need to increase provider assessment and involvement of blended families and the extension of goals and treatment plans to multiple homes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Cosmology of artificial intelligence project: libraries, makerspaces, community and AI literacy

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transcended beyond buzzwords, keywords or trends. The ubiquity of AI is so profound that it has managed to seep into popular culture. It breeds throughout social media platforms. It dominates the airwaves. It is impossible to watch television without mention of the acronym, the word, and how everyone is using it. However, if we look a little closer, take a deep dive into the AI pool where everyone seems to be swimming, we began to learn that AI has been misinterpreted, misrepresented, and incorrectly defined. "In the Laws of Thought and Thinking Machines," Hughes and Hughes (2019) talk about how uncovering the truth of the definition, meaning, applications, and implications of Artificial Intelligence would be a noteworthy goal. Today we are pursuing that goal.
Medicaid expansion and trends in cancer stage at diagnosis.

e14129Background: Cancer stage distribution offers an early window into the effect of the ACA’s 2014 Medicaid expansion. If Medicaid expansion enabled uninsured adults to access preventive care, th...
Evaluation of Interpretive Media Use and Effectiveness at a Nature Center

This exploratory study is a contribution to the body of research on exhibit evaluation. It applied the concept of zones of tolerance to assess the effectiveness of interpretive themes in two exhibi...
Effect of Calcium Hydroxide Treatment on Switch Grass

Fully mature switch grass responds favorably in terms of rumen digestibility to an alkali treatment of calcium hydroxide.
Hegemonic Masculinity and Game of Thrones

Born the product of rape to Lord Roose Bolton and an unnamed married woman, Ramsay Snow serves as one of the most memorable villains in the Game of Thrones television series. Despite being the only living child of Lord Bolton, Ramsay retains his status as a bastard, denied the Bolton family name for most of his young life. Living in a patriarchal system structured around nomenclature and lineage, Ramsay is unable to attain the status and means typically afforded to a family’s eldest male child. He is deprived of the time’s conventional avenues of demonstrating masculinity; proudly representing his house, procuring a well-regarded woman to marry and bear his children, and passing down the family name to future generations. Instead, Ramsay accomplishes his masculinity through a series of violent actions, one more vicious than the next. Targeting his battlefield foes and wartime captives, village females, vassals with outstanding debts, his newlywed bride, and even members of his immediate family, Ramsay employs physical violence, sexual brutality, and psychological abuse to present himself as a hegemonic male according to the dominant culture script.
Effect of silver diammine fluoride and glass ionomer on remineralisation of natural dentine caries.

Abstract Objectives Silver diammine fluoride (SDF) is a caries-arresting agent for dentine lesions. This study investigated the effect of application frequency of SDF when used with glass ionomer cement (GI) for remineralising carious dentine. Methods Freshly extracted human posterior teeth with advanced caries were used. After superficial removal of infected dentine, single (G3), double (G4), triple (G5) applications of SDF (Advantage Arrest SDF 38 %) followed by a layer of GI (GC Fuji IX GP) were compared to no treatment (negative control-G2), and GI only (G1). All teeth were stored in artificial saliva between treatments and for 2-weeks after final treatment. Micro-computed X-ray tomography (NSI) scans were obtained at each stage and analysed to plot mineral density-depth profile, lesion depth (LD) and mineral loss (ΔZ). Data was statistically analysed at a significance level of 0.05. Results Mean LD values were 837 μm, 735 μm, 841 μm, 1008 μm, 707 μm at baseline and 785 μm, 727 μm, 712 μm, 855 μm, 639 μm after treatment for groups G1 to G5, respectively. Mean ΔZ values were 6327 vol%μm, 5995 vol%μm, 10014 vol%μm, 7192 vol%μm, 5649 vol%μm at baseline and 3686 vol%μm, 5126 vol%μm, 5539 vol%μm, 2327 vol%μm, 3218 vol%μm after treatment for groups G1 to G5, respectively. Paired t-test showed that LD and ΔZ changed significantly within all groups from baseline to treatment weeks following storage (p 0.05). ANCOVA showed significant difference among groups in net lesion depth recovery and net mineral gain (p Conclusion One or two applications of SDF prior to placement of GI, were effective in remineralising advanced dentine lesions, while additional applications, when combined with GI, did not demonstrate additional benefit in this study. Clinical significance This short-term laboratory research study showed that one or two applications of SDF followed by GI coverage could remineralise advanced dentine caries in the presence of artificial saliva. This procedure carries potential in the treatment of difficult lesions where conventional restorations would require significant tooth structure removal through traumatic procedures.
Engineering Alternate Ligand Recognition in the PurR Topology: A System of Novel Caffeine Biosensing Transcriptional Antirepressors

Recent advances in synthetic biology and protein engineering have increased the number of allosteric transcription factors used to regulate independent promoters. These developments represent an important increase in our biological computing capacity, which will enable us to construct more sophisticated genetic programs for a broad range of biological technologies. However, the majority of these transcription factors are represented by the repressor phenotype (BUFFER), and require layered inversion to confer the antithetical logical function (NOT), requiring additional biological resources. Moreover, these engineered transcription factors typically utilize native ligand binding functions paired with alternate DNA binding functions. In this study, we have advanced the state-of-the-art by engineering and redesigning the PurR topology (a native antirepressor) to be responsive to caffeine, while mitigating responsiveness to the native ligand hypoxanthine-i.e., a deamination product of the input molecule adenine. Importantly, the resulting caffeine responsive transcription factors are not antagonized by the native ligand hypoxanthine. In addition, we conferred alternate DNA binding to the caffeine antirepressors, and to the PurR scaffold, creating 38 new transcription factors that are congruent with our current transcriptional programming structure. Finally, we leveraged this system of transcription factors to create integrated NOR logic and related feedback operations. This study represents the first example of a system of transcription factors (antirepressors) in which both the ligand binding site and the DNA binding functions were successfully engineered in tandem.
Evaluating West Virginia's Emergency Medicine Workforce: A Longitudinal Observational Study.

Objective Although the urban emergency workforce is well studied, rural departments are less understood. This study seeks to further define the landscape of rural healthcare and expand on previous studies of the West Virginia (WV) workforce. Methods During the second quarter of 2019, surveys were sent via email to medical directors' professional IDs as anonymous survey links. Hard copies were also sent to directors at their hospital addresses. Responses were aggregated with hospitals stratified based on annual census and rural classification. Data was interpreted through descriptive analysis. Results Surveys were sent to 53 departments with a 55% response rate. Of the responding hospitals, 15 of 29 were identified as rural. The average state-wide annual hospital census was 29,500 visits with board-certified emergency medicine (EM)-trained physicians covering 67% of shifts. Rural departments have a smaller census and less specialized coverage. Full-time physicians are found to have the strongest ties to WV, with 65% attending medical school, residency, or growing up in the state. Conclusion Board-certified EM-trained physicians provide some level of coverage in most emergency departments in WV but remain underrepresented in rural locations. This specialized coverage has increased by 20% in the last 15 years. Additionally, a majority of hospitals have access to basic consulting services (surgery and primary care); however, other specialists are rare in rural WV.
Keratinocyte-derived microvesicle particles mediate ultraviolet B radiation–induced systemic immunosuppression

A complete carcinogen, ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation (290-320 nm), is the major cause of skin cancer. UVB-induced systemic immunosuppression that contributes to photocarcinogenesis is due to the glycerophosphocholine-derived lipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF). A major question in photobiology is how UVB radiation, which only absorbs appreciably in the epidermal layers of skin, can generate systemic effects. UVB exposure and PAF receptor (PAFR) activation in keratinocytes induce the release of large numbers of microvesicle particles (MVPs; extracellular vesicles ranging from 100 to 1000 nm in size). MVPs released from skin keratinocytes in vitro in response to UVB (UVB-MVPs) are dependent on the keratinocyte PAFR. Here, we used both pharmacologic and genetic approaches in cells and mice to show that both the PAFR and enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) were necessary for UVB-MVP generation. Our discovery that the calcium-sensing receptor is a keratinocyte-selective MVP marker allowed us to determine that UVB-MVPs leaving the keratinocyte can be found systemically in mice and humans following UVB exposure. Moreover, we found that UVB-MVPs contained bioactive contents including PAFR agonists that allowed them to serve as effectors for UVB downstream effects, in particular UVB-mediated systemic immunosuppression.