cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Prussian myth and modern nationalism in Ernst von salomon's novels

Ernst von Salomon is not an author to whom literary scholars have devoted much of their time and talents. In fact the life and works of this author have been virtually ignored by them.’ The explanation for this is doubtless the fact that Salomon not only belonged to radical right-wing literary and political circles and was a sanctioned writer in the Third Reich, but, in addition to this, even in his later works he openly presented himself as a proponent of German nationalism. In view of the current international situation all efforts to gain more insight on this phenomenon are surely justified. Ernst von Salomon was a man whose life and works revolved around concepts of nationalism. I decided that examining them could possibly add a new dimension to the discussion on this topic. Generally, nationalism is anathema to the mainstream of literary and academic thinking. I, for one, have rarely heard this term used in any contexts beyond those of discussing an anachronistic historical phenomenon, or as political namecalling. I learned to identify nationalism, especially German nationalism according to a list of characteristics which reads like a catalogue of vices. According to this list a nationalist is anti-intellectual, xenophobic, militaristic, sexually inhibited, and in addition, is opposed to democracy and progress and supports the authoritarian glorification of the state. Thus, it is understandable that nationalism is generally subject to condemnation in enlightened circles. Can one, however, treat nationalism as just an aberration of the human mind?1 have often suspected that nationalistic forces are present in the human mind and affect us in a more powerful, yet subtle way than we know and want to believe. For Salomon, nationalism was a ubiquitous and structural element in human thoughts and feelings. He viewed nationalism as a driving force of the human mind, able to take on different forms according to historical circumstances and be distorted in many ways. Let us now look more systematically at Salomon’s reflections on nationalism, and how they developed. In his most famous and significant novel Der Fragebogen [The Questionnaire], a defiant and detailed response to the Allies’ ‘De-Nazifying Questionnaire’, Salomon, when asked his nationality wrote: ‘Ich bin Preusse!’ ‘I am a Prussian!‘* Without a doubt this was both a declaration of loyalty to his ideological convictions and an act of defiance towards the Anglo-Saxon political press who, from World War I, had denounced Prussianism and the Prussian Spirit as the poison of the German mind and the immediate pre-stage of German Fascism.’ And, indeed, one of the main goals of the Allies’ Re-Education program was to eradicate this Prussian mentality.
Which sons live with their older parents in rural China? The role of migration and intergenerational exchanges

This article investigated how sons' migration and exchanges with parents influenced the likelihood of intergenerational coresidence in rural China. Based on a three-wave longitudinal study in Anhui Province, China, with data collected in 2001, 2003, and 2006, we used random effects logistic regression to predict the likelihood that a non-migrant or return migrant son transitioned into coresidence with his older parent. Our analyses included 1695 observations representing 1224 sons sired by 739 parents. We found that sons were less likely to transition into coresidence with parents who received more upstream financial support from migrant sons. Only sons and youngest sons, particularly when they were return migrants, were more likely than other sons to transition into coresidence. Results indicate that family behaviors of adult sons toward their older parents in rural China are interdependent with each other in migrant families, as well as governed by traditional prescriptions.
Scanning electron microscope studies of some lizard basilar papillae.

The papillae basilares of eight species of lizards representing four different families were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The papilla of Eublepharis macularius (Gekkota; Eublepharidae) has a midaxial area devoid of hair cells separating anterior and posterior groups of hair cells, two types of tectorial membrane modifications, bidirectionality of each of the anterior and posterior groups of ventral hair cells, and unidirectionality of the dorsal hair cells. The papilla of Coleonyx variegatus (Gekkota; Eublepharidae) is essentially similar to that of Eublepharis, but shows anterior displacement of the axial hiatus and a considerable decrease in the number of hair cells in the dorsal part of the postaxial region. The papilla of Ameiva ameiva (Teiidae) has a dorsal enlargement almost constricted from the remaining portion of the papilla and the greater number (87%) of the hair cells oriented posteriorly. Tupinambis teguixin (Teiidae) exhibits multidirectional hair cell orientation in the expanded dorsal area, bidirectionality in the narrower central segment, and unidirectionality toward the ventral end of the papilla. Gerrhonotus multicarinatus (Anguidae) shows a ventral expansion covered by a thick tectorial plate overlying short-ciliated unidirectionally oriented hair cells and a longer dorsal segment with long-ciliated bidirectionally oriented hair cells. The papillae of Iguana iguana, Crotaphytus collaris, and Basiliscus basiliscus (Iguanidea) have middle segments of short-ciliated hair cells covered by a specialized tectorial plate and dorsal and ventral segments consisting of longciliated bidirectionally oriented hair cells. Basiliscus is divergent in lacking a part of the ventral long-ciliated hair cell segment.
A cobalt-free oxygen transport membrane, BaFe0.9Zr0.1O3−δ, and its application for producing hydrogen

Abstract Mixed ionic and electronic conductors are being explored for use as oxygen transport membrane (OTM) materials. An OTM material, BaFe 0.9 Zr 0.1 O 3− δ (BFZ), was fabricated by conventional solid-state synthesis, and its oxygen permeation flux was measured from 600 to 900 °C. The BFZ is attractive for producing hydrogen because it is a cobalt-free material (resulting in low cost for fabrication) and has high oxygen permeation flux. The oxygen flux through a ≈0.45-mm-thick BFZ membrane exposed to flowing air and helium is ≈2.1 mL min −1 cm −2 at 900 °C, and the activation energy for oxygen transport is 0.43 eV. With the results of the oxygen flux and the electrical conductivity for BFZ, its high oxygen permeability was explained. To show its potential application, the BFZ was tested in coal-gas-assisted water-splitting and ethanol (EtOH) reforming experiments. The hydrogen production rate of a 1.05-mm-thick BFZ tube was comparable to that of a much thinner (≈30 μm) La 0.7 Sr 0.3 Cu 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3− δ thin-film tube. The EtOH reforming results also indicated significantly better performance of a BFZ disk compared with that of a Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Cu 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3− δ /40 vol.% Ag disk. In addition, the crystal structure and the microstructural behavior of BFZ fabricated in different conditions are discussed.
Capsid protein gene and the type of host plant differentially modulate cell-to-cell movement of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus

A study was undertaken to measure the rate of coat protein (CP) independent cell-to-cell movement of cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus (CCMV) in three different host plants. A CCMV RNA3 variant in which the CP gene was substituted with enhanced green fluorescent protein (C3/ΔCP-EGFP) was coinoculated to three different host plants with transcripts of wild type RNAs 1 and 2. Comparative analysis of cell-to-cell movement monitored by the EGFP expression at various days post inoculation revealed that the rate of spread varied with the type of host species inoculated: fastest movement was observed in Nicotiana benthamiana while the rate spread was significantly slower in the natural host cowpea. When CP was expressed as EGFP fusion (C3/CP:EGFP) the rate of spread in N. benthamiana and C. quinoa was slower than that was observed in the absence of CP and remained subliminal in cowpea. Analysis of infection foci by confocal laser scanning microscope revealed that localization of CP:EGFP fusion was distinct in N. benthamiana and C.quinoa and accumulated as fluorescent inclusions at the cell periphery. Additional experiments involving coinoculation of either C3/ΔCP-EGFP or C3/CP:EGFP with heterologous brome mosaic bromovirus (BMV) genomic RNAs 1 and 2 revealed that, in addition to movement protein and CP, viral replicase also influences cell-to-cell spread. The significance of these results in relation to the mechanism of bromovirus movement is discussed.
Failure of net atomic charge models to represent the van der Waals envelope electric potential of n -alkanes

Traditional net atomic charge models were found unsatisfactory for representing the molecular electric potential (MEP) of n-alkanes ethane through decane in their van der Waals envelopes. The MEP of these molecules was calculated by ab initio methods. Mulliken atomic charges were erratic and gave root mean square (rms) relative errors of fit to the MEP ranging from 152 to 607% with the 6-31 + + g** basis set. Fitting the MEP with potential-derived net atomic charges (PD charges) gave errors ranging from 51 to 62% with the same basis set. The use of larger basis sets, inclusion of electron correlation, use of more MEP data points, or relaxation to optimal structural geometry did not improve significantly the representation of the MEP by net atomic charges. In many cases PD charges of hydrogen atoms were negative, and carbon atoms were positive. To improve the representation of the MEP of n-alkanes, augmentation of the model with nonatomic sites was investigated with the program PDM93. Models with additional charge sites located between hydrogens, on a line bisecting the CH2 group, achieved fits to the MEP with errors reduced to 8% or less, except for n-butane, where the fitting error was 16%. The PD models augmented with methylene bisector sites generally show positive hydrogen charges. They also show CH2 group charge alternation along the n-alkane chains. The augmented charge models were consistent with the observed quadrupole moment of ethane and gave satisfactory predictions for the crystal structures of pentane and octane. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Probing α-Helical and β-Sheet Structures of Peptides at Solid/Liquid Interfaces with SFG

We demonstrated that sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy can distinguish different secondary structures of proteins or peptides adsorbed at solid/liquid interfaces. The SFG spectrum for tachyplesin I at the polystyrene (PS)/solution interface has a fingerprint peak corresponding to the B1/B3 mode of the antiparallel β-sheet. This peak disappeared upon the addition of dithiothreitol, which can disrupt the β-sheet structure. The SFG spectrum indicative of the MSI594 α-helical structure was observed at the PS/MSI594 solution interface. This research validates SFG as a powerful technique for revealing detailed secondary structures of interfacial proteins and peptides.
Glaucoma severity and medication adherence in a county hospital population.

Objective To assess the association between disease severity and adherence with glaucoma medications in a county hospital population. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants A total of 126 patients diagnosed with glaucoma receiving intraocular pressure (IOP)–lowering medication were recruited from the San Francisco General Hospital Ophthalmology Clinic. Methods Subjects completed an oral questionnaire to assess demographic information, knowledge of glaucoma, and perceptions of glaucoma medication adherence. Glaucoma disease severity was classified according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Preferred Practice Pattern guidelines. Medication adherence was measured for each patient by obtaining pharmacy refill data and calculating medication possession ratio (MPR), that is, the ratio of total days' supply of medication during a 365-day period. Adherence was measured retrospectively over the 18-month period before study entry. Subjects with an MPR >80% were considered adherent. Main Outcome Measure Medication adherence. Results Subjects with mild or moderate glaucoma were more likely to be nonadherent to their prescribed glaucoma medications than those with severe disease (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–2.31; P = 0.04). Age, gender, race, education level, years of glaucoma, number of medications, and glaucoma diagnosis were not found to be statistically significantly associated with adherence. Conclusion Patients with severe glaucoma were more likely to adhere to their topical IOP-lowering medication regimen than those with milder glaucomatous disease. Financial Disclosure(s) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
Reference Input Generation for High Speed Coordinated Motion of a Two Axis System

A method for generating two-dimensional reference trajectories to be followed by a linear second-order system under feedforward/feedback control is proposed. A differential equation is derived which assigns tracking velocity and tangential tracking acceleration as functions of time in such a way to allow high speed motion through an arbitrary smooth curve while guaranteeing the absence of actuator saturation. A method for using preview information for motion along curves with corners is also presented. The results are verified by simulation of a two axis cartesian positioning system under discrete time zero phase error tracking control.
A Study of Presidential Campaign Event Effects from 1952 to 1992

A persistent argument in political science is that presidential campaign events do not have strong effects because most people (1) are uninformed about issues and candidates, (2) tend to vote based on cues from reliable (partisan) sources about the state of the economy and condition of the country, and (3) face balanced information environments. This study argues that presidential campaign events are multifaceted and their effects are occasionally substantial. The analysis shows that certain campaign events reach voters and have significant and relatively durable effects, while other events have either negligible or transitory effects. The implication is that many previous studies have misspecified the independent variable (by lumping campaign events together), as well as the dependent variable (by considering only the immediate impact).
Molecular evolution of the NF-κB signaling system

The mechanisms of innate immunity in vertebrates show certain overall resemblances to immune mechanisms of insects. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain these resemblances. (1) According to the evolutionary continuity hypothesis, innate immune mechanisms evolved in the common ancestor of vertebrates and insects and have been conserved since that time. (2) In the independent-evolution hypothesis, the mechanisms of innate immunity in vertebrates evolved independently from invertebrate immune mechanisms. Phylogenetic analysis of five gene families (Pelle, Rel, IκB, Toll, and TRAF) whose members are involved in NF-κB signaling in vertebrates and insects were used to decide between these hypotheses. The phylogenies of the Rel and TRAF families strongly supported independent evolution of immune functions in vertebrates and invertebrates, and, except for a possible case in the Pelle family, orthologous molecules having immune functions in both vertebrates and invertebrates were not found. The results suggest that NF-κB represents an ancient, generalized signaling system that has been co-opted for immune system roles independently in vertebrate and insect lineages.
Air temperature thresholds for indoor comfort and perceived air quality

Air temperature thresholds are investigated and proposed for acceptable comfort in air-conditioned buildings. Using the ASHRAE database of field studies in which acceptability votes were obtained from occupants, it is shown that within the thresholds the acceptability is indistinguishable. Therefore, there is little gain from conditioning spaces to an ‘optimum’ air temperature, a practice that involves significant energy cost. However, beyond the thresholds there is a significant drop-off in acceptability. Ideally, air-conditioning would be used only when the environmental conditions are beyond the thresholds. The use of ceiling fans or personal environmental control systems broadens the threshold range. Thresholds are determined for both air-conditioned and ventilation-cooled buildings in the database. The equally acceptable range between the thresholds is 8–10 K in both types of buildings. It is possible that a perception of reduced air quality in warm environments could impose an upper temperature thre...
Unique population designs used to address molecular genetics questions in poultry

The ability to answer some of the questions of fundamental interest in functional genetics depends upon the utilization of appropriate and sometimes quite novel population designs. We will explore examples of how unique population designs of varied complexity can be used to explore questions, such as the following. What is the number of genes controlling different biological traits? Can streamlined genetics at the whole-animal level help to dissect complex genetic traits? Are there beneficial alleles "hiding" in undeveloped lines? To what extent is the expression of a specific gene modified by interactions with other genes in the population? Unique genetic resources, combined with novel experimental designs and contemporary analytical techniques, provide exceptional opportunities to explore both fundamental and practical questions in biological sciences.
What reading disabled children need: What is known and how to talk about it

Abstract Specific reading disability has a genetic and neuropsychological basis in most children. This article considers what this evidence suggests about a prognosis for reading disabilities and how the evidence can inform decisions about instruction and about research in remediation. Instruction in phonemic awareness (noticing and manipulating speech sounds below the syllable level) and in phonological coding (matching phonemes to regularities in print) helps reading-disabled children improve their deficiencies in word recognition and phonological coding. Researchers need to communicate this information clearly, so that educators can see how to include effective preventive and remedial techniques in their own instructional programs.
Riboactivators: transcription activation by noncoding RNA.

The paradigm of gene regulation was forever changed by the discovery that short RNA duplexes could directly regulate gene expression. Most regulatory roles attributed to noncoding RNA were often repressive. Recent observations are beginning to reveal that duplex RNA molecules can stimulate gene transcription. These RNA activators employ a wide array of mechanisms to up-regulate transcription of target genes, including functioning as DNA-tethered activation domains, as coactivators and modulators of general transcriptional machinery, and as regulators of other noncoding transcripts. The discoveries over the past few years defy “Moore’s law” in the breath-taking rapidity with which new roles for noncoding RNA in gene expression are being revealed. As gene regulatory networks are reconstructed to accommodate the influence of noncoding RNAs, their importance in maintenance of cellular health will become increasingly apparent. In fact, a new generation of therapeutic agents will focus on modulating the functio...
Implementation of an authenticated dictionary with skip lists and commutative hashing

We present the software architecture and implementation of an efficient data structure for dynamically maintaining an authenticated dictionary. The building blocks of the data structure are skip lists and one-way commutative hash functions. We also present the results of a preliminary experiment on the performance of the data structure. Applications of our work include certificate revocation in a public key infrastructure and the publication of data collections on the Internet.
A note on broadcast encryption key management with applications to large scale emergency alert systems

Emergency alerting capability is crucial for the prompt response to natural disasters and terrorist attacks. The emerging network infrastructure and secure broadcast techniques enable prompt and secure delivery of emergency notification messages. With the ubiquitous deployment of alert systems, scalability and heterogeneity pose new challenges for the design of secure broadcast schemes. In this paper, we discuss the key generation problem with the goal of minimizing the total number of keys which need to be generated by the alert center and distributed to the users. Two encryption schemes, zero message scheme and extended header scheme, are modeled formally. For both schemes we show the equivalence of the general optimal key generation (OKG) problem and the bipartite clique cover (BCC) problem, and show that OKG problem is NP-hard. The result is then generalized to the case with resource constraints, and we provide a heuristic algorithm for solving the restricted BCC (and OKG) problem.
The “Sect Effect” in Charitable Giving: Distinctive Realities of Exclusively Religious Charitable Givers

An examination of the charitable giving behavior of 16,442 households reveals intriguing patterns consistent with the club- theoretic approach to religious sect affiliation. The club-theoretic model suggests that individuals with lower socioeconomic standing will rationally be more likely to align themselves with exclusivistic sects. Because sect affiliation is also associated with more obligatory religious contributions, this approach generates novel predictions not anticipated by standard economic models of charitable behavior. Traditional analysis of charitable giving can mask the "sect effect" phenomenon, as low-income giving is dwarfed by the giving of the wealthy. However, the application of a two-stage econometric model—separating the participation decision from the subsequent decision regarding the level of gifting—provides unique insights. Basic socioeconomic factors have significant and opposite associations with different categories of giving, calling into question the treatment of charitable giving as a homogenous activity and supporting the under- standing of sect affiliation, and potentially religious extremism, as rational choice phenomena.
Literacy in Early Intervention for Children with Visual Impairments: Insights from Individual Cases

A qualitative case study design was used to investigate the ways in which two early interventionists supported emergent literacy development for infants and toddlers with visual impairment. Three themes are addressed: (1) the importance of a family-centered approach in addressing emergent literacy in early intervention; (2) the role of the early interventionist in language and concept development; and (3) the need to focus on the senses as they relate to literacy. The findings provide practical insights into the role of the early interventionist in supporting early literacy development.
Embedded resource accounting for coupled natural-human systems: An application to water resource impacts of the western U.S. electrical energy trade

In complex coupled natural-human systems (CNH), multitype networks link social, environmental, and economic systems with flows of matter, energy, information, and value. Embedded Resource Accounting (ERA) is a systems analysis framework that includes the indirect connections of a multitype CNH network. ERA is conditioned on perceived system boundaries, which may vary according to the accountant's point of view. Both direct and indirect impacts are implicit whenever two subnetworks interact in such a system; the ratio of two subnetworks' impacts is the embedded intensity. For trade in the services of water, this is understood as the indirect component of a water footprint, and as “virtual water” trade. ERA is a generalization of input-output, footprint, and substance flow methods, and is a type of life cycle analysis. This paper presents results for the water and electrical energy system in the western U.S. This system is dominated by California, which outsources the majority of its water footprint of electrical energy. Electricity trade increases total water consumption for electricity production in the western U.S. by 15% and shifts water use to water-stressed Colorado River Basin States. A systemic underaccounting for water footprints occurs because state-level processes discount a portion of the water footprint occurring outside of the state boundary.
Trophic cascades involving cougar, mule deer, and black oaks in Yosemite National Park

Using a historical reconstruction, we discovered a potential trophic cascade involving cougar (Puma concolor), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and California black oak (Quercus kelloggii) in the Yosemite Valley of Yosemite National Park in California. Our objective was to determine whether large deer populations in the absence of a top-level carnivore were suppressing tree regeneration. As human visitation increased in the early 1900s and cougar became increasingly scarce, the mule deer population irrupted in the 1920s. In August 2006, we undertook a retrospective study of black oak recruitment (i.e., growth of seedling/ sprouts into tall saplings and trees) by inventorying all black oaks in stands accessible to deer and greater than 0.5 ha in size (18 stands, 2921 trees). We similarly inventoried oaks within sites representing refugia from deer browsing (4 stands, 481 trees). While significantly diminished oak recruitment has occurred since the 1920s in stands accessible to deer (p < 0.01), continuous recruitment of oaks was found in refugia sites. We also found less oak recruitment in areas of high human activity near the park’s visitor center (p < 0.01), possibly due to behaviorally-mediated effects of lower cougar and higher deer densities. Overall our results are consistent with trophic cascade theory involving large predators, herbivores, and plants. The long-term lack of oak recruitment is also an indicator of
Hip arthroscopy. The supine position.

Abstract Hip arthroscopy by the supine approach has proven to be an effective and reproducible procedure. Patientpositioning is easy and time-efficient. It utilizes standard operating room (OR) equipment. The OR layout is user-friendly, and the orientation is familiar to orthopedic surgeons. Additionally, there may be less concern for intra-abdominal fluid extravasation. Specialized instrumentation facilitates access to the joint. Standard portal placements allow optimal visualization and instrumentation, thus accommodating diagnostic and operative arthroscopy for a variety of conditions. Specific considerations regarding the anatomy of this region include the ball and socket architecture of the joint, the dense surrounding soft tissue envelope, and limits on distractibility. Each of these presents unique challenges to arthroscopy but are overcome by understanding and applying the basic principles necessary for successfully performing this procedure.
Pictorial Information Transmission Through Simulation

In an age when man is inundated with information, his natural ability to selectively assimilate the data presented to him has become an indispensible tool for survival. By the same token, man's visual perception limitations have been used to reduce the amount of data needed to reproduce pictorial information designed for his consumption. A comparative study of two divergent approaches to the problem of providing an optimum amount of video information to a human viewer is discussed. Video communication systems exemplify one area where the approach consists of reducing the data from real world scenes by video data compression algorithms. The opposite approach is found in visual simulators where scenes are constructed synthetically to approach real world realism by adding cues to the basic structure of the digital image representation used. Such simulators are used in groundbased trainers designed to reduce the cost of training operators of expensive equipment. In both situations there is a need to provide realistic video to a human observer. In the quest for optimum pictorial information transmission, simulated scenes are shown to provide some rather unusual, hitherto unexplored, insights and alternatives.© (1975) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Taxonomy of the Hister criticus group, with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Histeridae)

The Hister criticus group is created and defined to include 5 species: Hister criticus Marseul, H. laevimargo Lewis (= H. planimargo Lewis, New Synonomy), H. latimargo Schmidt, H. foveipygus Wenzel and Dybas, and H. guanacaste n. sp. These species occur in the Neotropical region, ranging from Panama north to extreme southern Arizona (USA). Hister latimargo appears to be an obligate associate of leafcutter ants (Atta spp.), while H. criticus has been collected in woodrat (Neotoma spp.) nests. Ecological associations for the other species are unknown. The existing species are redescribed, diagnostic characters (protibiae, pygidia, male and female genitalia) are illustrated, and habitus photographs of all species are presented. Lectotypes are designated for H. criticus, H. laevimargo, and H. planimargo.
Characterization of an Aluminum Alloy Hemispherical Shell Fabricated via Direct Metal Laser Melting

The ability of additive manufacturing to directly fabricate complex shapes provides characterization challenges for part qualification. The orientation of the microstructures produced by these processes will change relative to the surface normal of a complex part. In this work, the microscopy and x-ray tomography of an AlSi10Mg alloy hemispherical shell fabricated using powder bed metal additive manufacturing are used to illustrate some of these challenges. The shell was manufactured using an EOS M280 system in combination with EOS-specified powder and process parameters. The layer-by-layer process of building the shell with the powder bed additive manufacturing approach results in a position-dependent microstructure that continuously changes its orientation relative to the shell surface normal. X-ray tomography was utilized to examine the position-dependent size and distribution of porosity and surface roughness in the 98.6% dense part. Optical and electron microscopy were used to identify global and local position-dependent structures, grain morphologies, chemistry, and precipitate sizes and distributions. The rapid solidification processes within the fusion zone (FZ) after the laser transit results in a small dendrite size. Cell spacings taken from the structure in the middle of the FZ were used with published relationships to estimate a cooling rate of ~9 × 105 K/s. Uniformly-distributed, nanoscale Si precipitates were found within the primary α-Al grains. A thin, distinct boundary layer containing larger α-Al grains and extended regions of the nanocrystalline divorced eutectic material surrounds the FZ. Subtle differences in the composition between the latter layer and the interior of the FZ were noted with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) spectral imaging.
Accountability Regimes in Flagship Universities: How Strategic Planning Encourages Academic Capitalism

Although presidents of US universities are traditionally drawn from the professoriate, once appointed campus presidents tend become top managers in the “corporate university.” University administration therefore increasingly involves the development of strategic plans and other business-based strategies designed to maximize revenues and instantiate market logics. Drawing on a case study of “Wannabe University,” this chapter examines the use of strategic plans as an instance of an accountability regime that is designed to minimize uncertainty in a turbulent environment. As market logics and the strategy of the business plan are internalized, individual administrators enact neoliberal processes without necessarily intending to do so. The result is an understanding of academic corporatization less as a top-down process driven by aggressive managers than as a practical and gradual response to changing environmental conditions.
Optical Spectra and Morphology of Photochemically Produced Ag/Au Bimetallic Clusters

The Ag-Au alloy and core-shell bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNP) in colloids can be successfully prepared by photoinduced reduction of corresponding salts in the presence of SiO2/BPads (silica film with adsorbed Benzophenone) photocatalyst in water-IPA solution as a source of ketyl radicals and BP anionradicals as the reductive agents, and CTAB as a stabilizer. Generation of BMNP during the photochemical process happens right away of UV-irradiation. The ageing of bimetallic colloids related with formation and stabilization of the alloy-to-core-shell structure occurs with time (from hours to days) and depends on the order of metal ions photoreduction, viz simultaneous or successive UV irradiation of silver and gold ions in solution, and varying of Ag/Au mole ratio. Ageing of photoproduced colloid nanocomposites accompanied by the change of structure from alloy to core-shell what is proved with UV-vis absorption spectra. Optical spectra demonstrate formation of core-shell structures, where the shell is enriched with the core atoms. For now, first conclusion should be that BMNP Ag:Au 1:1 in colloids are formed mainly with Au NP’s in the shell. Photochemically produced and stabilized within pores of silica film Ag/Au BMNPs are formed as separate Ag and Au NP’s, together with the big aggregates.
Room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped semiconducting CdGeP2.

The chalcopyrite ${\mathrm{CdGeP}}_{2}$ doped with Mn have been recently found to exhibit room-temperature ferromagnetism. Isovalent substitution of the Cd site is expected, however, to create antiferromagnetism, in analogy with the well-known CdTe:Mn $({d}^{5})$ case. However, chalcopyrite semiconductors exhibit low-energy intrinsic defects. We show theoretically how ferromagnetism results from the interaction of Mn with hole-producing intrinsic defects.
Dislocations in Mo5SiB2 T2 phase

Abstract Dislocation structures in a nearly single phase annealed Mo5SiB2 T2 alloy have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dislocations have been subjected to Burgers vector and trace analyses to determine the slip directions and planes with the aid of image simulations generated using single crystal elastic constants derived from first principles calculations. The experimental results are compared to predicted slip directions and planes from anisotropic elasticity calculations. Thermal expansion coefficients have been measured by dilatometry and are compared to both calculated and previous experimental values measured using diffraction techniques. Lastly, preliminary compression testing has been performed on the single phase material at 1200°C.
Aseptic Rearing of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae)

Germ-free adults of Anopheles stephensi Liston have been reared successfully from surface-sterilized eggs in a modified aedine diet. The sterile diet included highprotein and vitamin sources (liver extract, casein, and yeast), cholesterol, RNA, inorganic salts, sucrose, and additional water-soluble vitamins. At 27±°C, 78 percent RH, and a 12-hour light :12-hour dark photoperiod, aseptically reared larvae pupated in an average of about nine days, and adults emerged within three days.
The effects of assisted cycling therapy (ACT) and voluntary cycling on reaction time and measures of executive function in adolescents with Down syndrome.

Background Reports of positive effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in persons with Down syndrome are extremely limited. However, a novel exercise intervention, termed assisted cycling therapy (ACT), has resulted in acutely improved cognitive planning ability and reaction times as well as improved cognitive planning after 8 weeks of ACT in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome. Here, we report the effects of 8 weeks of ACT on reaction time, set-shifting, inhibition and language fluency in adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods Adolescents with Down syndrome (age: ~18 years) were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of ACT (n = 17) or voluntary cycling (VC: n = 16), and a convenience sample (n = 11) was assigned to be an inactive comparison group (NC: n = 11). During ACT, the cycling cadence of the participants was augmented to an average cadence that was 80% faster than the voluntary cadence of the VC group. The increase in cadence was achieved with an electric motor in the stationary bicycle. Reaction time, set-shifting, inhibition and language fluency were assessed before and after 8 weeks of intervention. Results Power output and heart rates of the ACT and VC groups were almost identical, but the ACT cadence was significantly faster. The ACT group, but not the VC or NC groups, showed significantly improved reactions times (Hedges' g = −0.42) and inhibitory control (g = 0.18). Only the VC group showed improved set-shifting ability (g = 0.57). The ACT and VC groups displayed improved semantic language fluency (g = 0.25, g = 0.22, respectively). Discussions These and previous results support the hypothesis of increased neuroplasticity and prefrontal cortex function following ACT and, to a smaller extent, following VC. Both ACT and VC appear to be associated with cortical benefits, but based on current and previous results, ACT seems to maximize the benefits.
Harmonium: asymmetric, bandstitched UWB for fast, accurate, and robust indoor localization

We introduce Harmonium, a novel ultra-wideband RF localization architecture that achieves decimeter-scale accuracy indoors. Harmonium strikes a balance between tag simplicity and processing complexity to provide fast and accurate indoor location estimates. Harmonium uses only commodity components and consists of a small, inexpensive, lightweight, and FCC-compliant ultra-wideband transmitter or tag, fixed infrastructure anchors with known locations, and centralized processing that calculates the tag's position. Anchors employ a new frequency-stepped narrowband receiver architecture that rejects narrowband interferers and extracts high-resolution timing information without the cost or complexity of traditional ultra-wideband approaches. In a complex indoor environment, 90% of position estimates obtained with Harmonium exhibit less than 31 cm of error with an average 9 cm of inter-sample noise. In non-line-of-sight conditions (i.e. through-wall), 90% of position error is less than 42 cm. The tag draws 75 mW when actively transmitting, or 3.9 mJ per location fix at the 19 Hz update rate. Tags weigh 3 g and cost $4.50 USD at modest volumes. Harmonium introduces a new design point for indoor localization and enables localization of small, fast objects such as micro quadrotors, devices previously restricted to expensive optical motion capture systems.
Use of Contact Laser Crystal Tip Firing Nd:YAG to Relieve Urinary Outflow Obstruction in Male Neurogenic Bladder Patients

ABSTRACT Background and Objective: Endoscopic urologic procedures for transurethral prostatectomy (TURP), external sphincterotomy (TURS), bladder neck incision, and incising strictures using diathe...
POTASSIUM REVERSION OF HYPOTHERMIC VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION.

V entricular fibrillation is so frequently a complication of perfusion hypothermia that Gollan5 has termed it “ a simple cosmetic defect in the electrocardiogram.” The spontaneous incidence of this arrhythmia is high and it is greatly increased by any maneuver that may precipitate ectopic ventricular contraction waves, such as clamping of the aortic root, coronary artery manipulation, ventriculotomy, rapid temperature change, or total circulatory arrest. Although anti-arrhythmic agents, such as quinidine, decrease the incidence of ventricular fibrillation,5, 25, 27 these drugs may interfere with ventricular myocardial function and they do not entirely prevent this arrhythmia. Furthermore, sustained ventricular fibrillation to facilitate surgery is now being readvocated.13 It is, therefore, essential that all engaged in clinical hypothermia below 30 ° C. be well prepared to treat ventricular fibrillation. Although electric shock appears to be a generally satisfactory means of producing reversion, studies with potassium at low temperatures suggest that this ion is very efficacious and may in some circumstances be superior. The ready availability of potassium is a distinct advantage and knowledge of its use may, occasionally, be lifesaving.
Ultrathin CdTe Solar Cells with MoO3−x/Au Back Contacts

We report on the fabrication and characterization of CdTe thin-film solar cells with Cu-free MoO3−x /Au back contacts. CdTe solar cells with sputtered CdTe absorbers of thicknesses from 0.5 to 1.75 μm were fabricated on Pilkington SnO2:F/SnO2-coated soda–lime glasses coated with a 60- to 80-nm sputtered CdS layer. The MoO3−x /Au back contact layers were deposited by thermal evaporation. The incorporation of MoO3−x layer was found to improve the open circuit voltage (V OC) but reduce the fill factor of the ultrathin CdTe cells. The V OC was found to increase as the CdTe thickness increased.
Comparative growth rates of Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas fragi on cooked crab meat stored under air and modified atmosphere

Crab meat packaged in plastic (polypropylene, Fisher) jars was sterilized, cooled, and inoculated with approximately 103 cells/g each of Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas fragi . Inoculated samples were packaged either under air or a commercial modified atmosphere (MA) gas mix containing 50% CO2/10% O2/balance proprietary. These samples were stored at 7 and 11°C. At 0, 2, 4, and 6 d after inoculation, three samples per treatment at each temperature were tested for populations of inoculum species. S. typhimurium did not grow under either atmosphere at 7°C but grew under air and MA at 11 °C. MA-storage slowed the growth of both S. typhimurium and P. fragi at 11°C, although growth of S. typhimurium was more severely inhibited. Use of 50% CO2/10% O2/balance proprietary MA-storage may greatly extend the shelf life of crab meat, but in the absence of proper refrigeration, it cannot be relied upon to eliminate the risk of salmonellosis.
Resilience Variables and Posttraumatic Symptoms Among Maltreated Youth

ABSTRACTChild maltreatment is associated with an array of social, behavioral, neurobiological, and developmental problems that can last for many years. A key outcome of child maltreatment includes posttraumatic stress symptoms such as reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Considerable research has focused on risk factors for posttraumatic symptoms in maltreated youth, but less so on possible protective factors such as resilience. This study examined several resilience variables (sense of mastery, sense of relatedness, emotional reactivity) in an ethnically diverse sample of maltreated adolescents with posttraumatic symptoms. Key aspects of resilience that predicted posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms included sense of mastery (for fewer symptoms) and emotional reactivity (for more symptoms). In particular, optimism, self-efficacy, and adaptability were inversely related to PTSD symptoms. In addition, emotional reactivity moderated a relationship between resilience resource scores and PTSD...
Trauma-Informed Care in Inpatient and Residential Settings

A history of exposure to traumatic events is the norm in youth utilizing residential care, whether it be acute or subacute inpatient care or longer-term residential placement. Studies of youth in inpatient psychiatric settings reveal traumatic exposures in over 90 % of admitted youth and rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from 25 to 33 % (Adam et al. 1992; Craine et al. 1988; Gold 2008; Havens et al. 2012a, b; Allwood et al. 2008; Lipschitz et al. 1999). By definition, youth placed within the child welfare system have been exposed to abuse and/or neglect. Studies in this population reveal rates of PTSD from 19 to 40 % (Kolko et al. 2010; Famularo et al. 1996). Despite these realitites, inpatient psychiatricand residential treatment settings often struggle to adeqautely identify and address trauma exposure and its mental health consequences in youth, leading to inadeqaute treatmetn planning and milieu management problems. This chapter describes the features of trauma-informed milieu settings and outlines the steps in implementing four essential component: 1) youth trauma screening processes; 2) multi-disciplinarystaff trauma training; 3) trauma skills groups for youth, and; 4) strategies for sustainability of trauma practices. Examples are provided from the authors’ experiences in implementing trauma-informed care in inpatient child and adolescent psychiatry and juvenile detneion settings
NJOY21: Next generation nuclear data processing capabilities

NJOY is a well respected code for nuclear data processing throughout the world. It was first publicly released in 1977 as a successor to MINX and has continuously improved its capabilities ever since. The latest release of NJOY is NJOY2012 and was released in December 2012 with its latest update coming in February 2015. A new effort has begun at Los Alamos National Laboratory to ensure that NJOY remains a useful nuclear data processing code for the next generation of data processing needs. The result of this effort will be NJOY21, a new code for processing nuclear data and interacting with a variety of nuclear data files. Much has changed in the nuclear data world since NJOY was first released. Perhaps the biggest change is the increase in the amount of data—both in the number of available materials and the richness of the data for each material. While more and better nuclear data greatly improves the quality of simulations and calculations that rely on that data, it creates significant challenges for the individual who processes and verifies the nuclear data. NJOY2012 is well vetted and capable, but when processing many files/materials, it is cumbersome and slow. NJOY21 will build on the success of many previous major releases of NJOY made during the previous four decades. In addition, NJOY21 will facilitate the processing, verifying, and validating of many nuclear data files.
Ecological niche modeling of rabies in the changing Arctic of Alaska

Rabies is a disease of global significance including in the circumpolar Arctic. In Alaska enzootic rabies persist in northern and western coastal areas. Only sporadic cases have occurred in areas outside of the regions considered enzootic for the virus, such as the interior of the state and urbanized regions. Here we examine the distribution of diagnosed rabies cases in Alaska, explicit in space and time. We use a geographic information system (GIS), 20 environmental data layers and provide a quantitative non-parsimonious estimate of the predicted ecological niche, based on data mining, machine learning and open access data. We identify ecological correlates and possible drivers that determine the ecological niche of rabies virus in Alaska. More specifically, our models show that rabies cases are closely associated with human infrastructure, and reveal an ecological niche in remote northern wilderness areas. Furthermore a model utilizing climate modeling suggests a reduction of the current ecological niche for detection of rabies virus in Alaska, a state that is disproportionately affected by a changing climate. Our results may help to better inform public health decisions in the future and guide further studies on individual drivers of rabies distribution in the Arctic.