cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage following posterior fossa surgery

Five cases of supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage following posterior fossa surgery are reported. Possible etiologies are discussed, but in only one case can a definite etiology (hypertension) be found. The differential diagnosis of declining level of consciousness after posterior fossa surgery must include supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage, and computerized tomography seems to be the diagnostic method of choice.
Log-Based Reliability Analysis of Software as a Service (SaaS)

Software as a Service (SaaS) has gained momentum in the past few years and businesses have been increasingly moving to SaaS model for their IT solutions. SaaS is a newer and transformed model where software is delivered to customers as a service over the web. With the SaaS model, there is a need for service providers to ensure that the services are available and reliable for end users at all times, which introduces significant pressure on the service provider to ensure right test processes and methodologies to minimize any impact to the provisions in Service Level Agreements (SLA). There is lack of research on the unique approaches to reliability analysis of SaaS suites. In this paper, we expand traditional approaches to reliability analysis of traditional web servers and propose methods tailored towards assessing the workload and reliability of SaaS applications. In addition we show the importance of data filtration when assessing SaaS reliability from log files. Finally, we discuss the suitability of reliability measures with respect to their relevance in the context of SLAs.
Anions of the hydrogen-bonded thymine dimer: ab initio study

Abstract Theoretical calculations have been performed to determine the ability of the hydrogen-bonded thymine dimer to form stable anions. The major conclusions of this work are: (i) three of the hydrogen-bonded conformers of the thymine dimer can form stable dipole-bound anions with excess electrons; (ii) thymine dimer can form a covalent anion that has a structure dissimilar from the structures of the neutral dimer; (iii) in the covalent thymine-dimer anion the excess electron is localized in a π-orbital on one of the thymine molecules and this molecule shows an out-of-plane distortion; (iv) the covalent thymine-dimer anion is stable with respect to an adiabatic electron detachment.
Point Sampling to Stratify Biomass Variability in Sagebrush Steppe Vegetation

Cover and yield are two of the most commonly monitored plant attributes in rangeland vegetation surveys. These variables are usually highly correlated and many previous authors have suggested point-intercept estimates of plant cover could be used as a surrogate for more expensive and destructive methods of estimating plant biomass. When measurement variables are highly correlated, double sampling can be used to prestratify variability in the measurement that is more difficult or costly to obtain, thus improving sampling efficiency. The objective of this study was to examine the cost effectiveness of using point-intercept data to prestratify variability in subsequent clipped-biomass sampling on a sagebrush–bunchgrass rangeland site in southern Idaho. Point-intercept and biomass data were obtained for shrub, grass, and forb vegetation in 90 1-m 2 plots. These data were used to develop a synthetic population of 10 000 simulated plots for conducting sensitivity analysis on alternative doublesampling scenarios. Monte Carlo simulation techniques were used to determine the effect of sampling design on cost and variability of biomass estimates as a function of point-intercept sample size (i), number of point-intercept sample strata (s), and number of biomass samples per stratum (m). Minimization of variability in biomass estimates were always obtained from double-sampling scenarios in which a single median biomass estimate was obtained for a given stratum in the point-intercept data. Double-sampling strategies in which half of the point-intercept plots were also measured for biomass yielded a cost savings of 39% with a reduction in biomass-sample precision of 18% 6 4 SD. The relative loss of precision in biomass estimates (62% 6 12 SD) became equal to the relative cost savings of double sampling for scenarios in which the ratio of point-intercept/ biomass samples exceeded a value of five.
Induction of apoptosis and down regulation of cell cycle proteins in mantle cell lymphoma by flavopiridol treatment.

Abstract Typical mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a distinct B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with over-expression of cyclin D1 related to translocation between the IgH and BCL-1 genes. Due to the important functional interaction between cyclin D1 and cyclin dependent kinases, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors such as flavopiridol are under consideration for treatment of patients with MCL. The present study investigated the in vitro effects of flavopiridol on the MCL cell line (JeKo-1). Flavopiridol at a dose of 10 nmol/L induced apoptosis by 6 h of treatment as noted by flow cytometric analysis, morphologic examination and Western blotting. The cleavage of procaspase-3 and PARP and the decrease of flavopiridol-induced apoptosis by pan-caspase inhibition suggested that the caspase pathway serves an important role in the apoptotic process. Furthermore, MCL cells exposed to flavopiridol showed down regulation of key cell cycle proteins acting at the restriction point control between the G1 and S phases. The onset of flavopiridol-induced apoptosis also coincided with the down regulation of Mcl-1, anti-apoptotic protein. Collectively, our data indicates that flavopiridol may have significant therapeutic potential in the context of MCL.
Overlapping decomposition: a system-theoretic method for modeling and analysis of complex manufacturing systems

A system-theoretic method, referred to as overlapping decomposition, is presented to evaluate the performance of a complex manufacturing system with assembly, parallel, rework, feedforward, and scrap operations. The idea of the method is to decompose the complex system into a set of serial production lines, with the first or last machines of each serial line overlapped with another line, and to modify the parameters of overlapping machines to accommodate the effects of machines and buffers in other lines. Iterative procedures are introduced to estimate the system production rate. The convergence of the procedures and the uniqueness of the solutions are proved analytically and the accuracy of the estimates is evaluated numerically. Note to practitioners - Many large volume manufacturing systems consist of complex operations, for instance, assembly, disassembly, rework loop, parallel lines, feedforward lines, scrap, etc. Development of a performance evaluation method to provide fast and accurate analysis of system throughput is important for design and continuous improvements. This paper introduces a system-theoretic method, referred to as, overlapping decomposition, to analyze the performance of such complex manufacturing systems. The complex system is decomposed into overlapped serial production lines and modifications are introduced to accommodate the coupling effects among all these lines. From the theoretical point of view, this paper presents the proofs of the convergence of recursive procedures and the uniqueness of solution. From the application point of view, the method has obtained good results in solving practical problems on the factory floor.
Expiremantal results and study of a modified adaptive bus voltage controller

Two-stage power conversion is used in many applications. The determination of the bus voltage in two-stage converter is important to achieve high overall power conversion efficiency. Conventional two-stage converters utilize either a fixed DC bus voltage or a variable but predetermined DC bus voltage, which do not necessarily result in an optimum operation with optimum bus voltages under variable conditions. The paper presents a modified adaptive bus voltage controller for two-stage power converter. The controller adaptively converges to the optimum bus voltage that yields to the maximum power conversion efficiency under variable operating conditions. The modified adaptive two-stage bus voltage controller is evaluated using results obtained from a proof of concept experimental prototype.
Making connections to the workplace: situating technical communications assignments within professional practice

This paper draws on research in both technical communication and education to describe a problem-based learning approach to engineering design courses that more authentically engages students in the practice of communicating with specific audiences for specific purposes. By developing a learner-centered classroom in which faculty serve as mentor-managers rather than repositories of knowledge, instructors can develop communication tasks that more closely reflect the way texts function in the workplace. In doing so, they can better prepare students for role that texts play in professional practice and enable them to make decisions accordingly. The author includes results from pilot sections of capstone engineering design courses to describe the implementation and evaluate the effectiveness of the approach.
Denosumab: a new agent in the management of hypercalcemia of malignancy

Hypercalcemia of malignancy is an oncologic emergency due to tumoral factors that stimulate osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. It requires a combination of recommended treatments (i.e., hydration, bisphosphonate and calcitonin), which may be deleterious in patients with compromised cardiac or renal function or may not control serum calcium levels long term. Recurrent or refractory hypercalcemia may preclude the use of chemotherapeutic agents needed to effectively treat the underlying cancer, which is the cause of hypercalcemia. Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against RANKL, inhibits the maturation, function and survival of osteoclasts. An open-label, single-arm study of denosumab in patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy despite recent bisphosphonate treatment revealed positive results. Thus, the US FDA recently approved denosumab for the indication of hypercalcemia of malignancy, increasing the options available for patients with this debilitating and life-threatening condition.
Social Support as a Buffer for Perceived Unfair Treatment Among Filipino Americans: Differences Between San Francisco and Honolulu

Objectives. We examined whether perceived unfair treatment is associated with health conditions, whether social support moderates this association, and whether such relationships differ by location.Methods. Data were derived from the 1998–1999 Filipino American Community Epidemiological Study, a cross-sectional investigation of 2241 Filipino Americans living in San Francisco and Honolulu. Negative binomial regression was used to examine potential 2-way and 3-way interactions between support, unfair treatment, and city (San Francisco vs Honolulu).Results. Reports of unfair treatment were associated with increased illness after control for education, employment, acculturation, ethnic identity, negative life events, gender, and age. Furthermore, 2-way interactions were found between instrumental support and city, emotional support and city, and unfair treatment and city, and a 3-way interaction was shown between instrumental support, unfair treatment, and city.Conclusions. Local contexts may influence the ty...
Connectivity and Capacity of Multi-Channel Wireless Networks with Channel Switching Constraints

This paper argues for the need to address the issue of multi-channel network performance under constraints on channel switching. We present examples from emergent directions in wireless networking to motivate the need for such a study, and introduce some models to capture channel switching constraints. For some of these models, we study connectivity and capacity of a wireless network comprising n randomly deployed nodes, equipped with a single interface each, when there are c=O(logn) channels of equal bandwidth W/c available. We consider an adjacent (c,f) channel assignment where a node may switch between f adjacent channels, but the adjacent channel block is randomly assigned. We show that the per-flow capacity for this channel assignment model is Theta(Wradic(f/cnlogn)). We then show the adjacent (c,2) assignment maps to the case of untuned radios. We also consider a random (c,f) assignment where each node may switch between a pre-assigned random subset of f channels. For this model, we prove that per-flow capacity is O(Wradic(prnd/nlogn)) (where prnd=1-(1-f/c)(1-f/(c-1))...(1-f/(c-f+1)) and Omega(Wradic(f/cnlogn))).
Applications of higher-order spectral analyses to detection and identification of seismic and acoustic signals generated by machinery

Machinery typically generates mechanical vibrations at multiple, harmonically related frequencies which arise from various mechanically coupled moving components of machines or characteristic nonlinearities in their operational loads. These mechanical vibrations propagate from their origin through the air as acoustic waves and through the earth as various types of seismic waves. Of the two modes of propagation the seismic mode of propagation is the more complicated since the same harmonic may propagate simultaneously in various wave types (compressional waves, shear waves and various surface wave types) with differing propagation vehicles. Moreover, air-to-ground coupling has been shown to occur in some cases. The consequence of this multi-mode propagation is that standing wave interference patterns are set up over the terrain surrounding the sources which complicates the frequency-wavenumber analysis and identification of the signals. Since the set of harmonics omitted from a given type of machinery tend to be phase- coupled, higher order spectral analysis offers means for detecting and separating such coupled sets and reducing much of the Gaussian background noise and uncoupled sinusoidal noise components. In this paper we utilize sections through bispectral estimates obtained from continuous signals from various types of machinery with durations exceeding a minute.
Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus, Response to the Invasive Common Reed, Phragmites australis: Abundance, Size, Sex Ratio, and Molting Frequency

Much effort has been directed recently at restoring marshes, by the removal of the invasive common reed,Phragmites australis, yet it is not clear how fish and invertebrates have responded either to the invasion ofPhragmites or to marsh restoration. The blue crab,Callinectes sapidus, uses marsh habitats during much of its benthic life. We investigated the response of blue crabs toPhragmites invasion and restoration efforts by comparing crab abundance (catch per unit effort), mean size and size frequency distribution, sex ratio, and molting of crabs in three physically similar areas differing in marsh vegetation;Spartina-dominated,Phragmites-dominated, and a treated area (Phragmites removed and now dominated bySpartina) in one marsh in the upper portion of Delaware Bay. Field sampling occurred monthly (April to November) from 1999 to 2001 using replicate daytime otter trawls in large marsh creeks. Crabs were categorized by carapace width into recruits ( 115 mm). Juveniles dominated the system, representing 69.4% of all crabs. Similar monthly increases in mean size and molting patterns during the growing season (May–August) occurred inSpartina (natural and treated sites) andPhragmites sites suggesting that, subtidal habitats, used for molting, in these areas do not differ. More juveniles in the feeding molt stage (i.e., intermolt) than in other molt stages and more recruits predominantly in the feeding molt stage than adults were inSpartina, suggesting differences in the marsh surfaces used as feeding habitats withSpartina being preferred. Sex ratios of each life history stage were skewed towards males, but this was related to the low salinity of Alloway Creek, rather than marsh surface vegetation. Our results suggest that marsh surface vegetation influences the way blue crabs use marsh surface habitats, thus restoration efforts focusing on changing vegetation type may have a positive influence on blue crabs.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Its Receptor Are Expressed in Cardiac Myocytes During Early Cardiogenesis

Abstract In the mouse, the heart primordium arises when mesoderm is set aside during gastrulation, is induced by pharyngeal endoderm, migrates ventrally to the midline of the embryo, forms a tube, and begins beating. Little is known of the molecular mechanisms that mediate the determination, mitosis, differentiation, and migration that lead to the beating heart. Transcripts for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF) and its receptor are coexpressed transiently and dynamically in the premyocardium but not in other heart progenitor cells. Transcripts for HGF ligand and receptor are first detected before cardiac function and looping and persist through the first looping stage, when heart morphology begins to elaborate. HGF ligand and receptor mRNA are detectable after the putative heart transcription factor, Csx/Nkx2-5, and concomitantly with the heart structural gene, cardiac actin. HGF receptor mRNA is detected in the mesoderm of the headfold stage and persists in myocardial precursors of the ventri...
A formalization of the theory of ordinal numbers

this paper we shall develop the theory of ordinal numbers in the first order predicate calculus with equality as an extension of Peano's arithmetic. This theory will prove to be easy to manage and fairly powerful in the following sense: If A is a sentence of the theory of ordinal numbers, then A is a theorem of our system if and only if the natural translation of A in set theory is a theorem of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. It will be treated as a natural extension of Peano's arithmetic. The latter consists of axiom schemata of primitive recursive functions and mathematical induction, while the theory of ordinal numbers consists of axiom schemata of primitive recursive functions of ordinal numbers (cf. [5]), of transfinite induction, of replacement and of cardinals. The latter three axiom schemata can be considered as extensions of mathematical induction. In the theory of ordinal numbers thus developed, we shall construct a model of Zermelo-Fraenkel's set theory by following Gddel's construction
A 167-processor 65 nm computational platform with per-processor dynamic supply voltage and dynamic clock frequency scaling

A 167-processor 65 nm computational platform well suited for DSP, communication, and multimedia workloads contains 164 programmable processors with dynamic supply voltage and dynamic clock frequency circuits, three algorithm-specific processors, and three 16 KB shared memories, all clocked by independent oscillators and connected by configurable long-distance-capable links.
TR3 Modulates Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer

In metastatic ovarian cancer, resistance to platinum chemotherapy is common. Although the orphan nuclear receptor TR3 (nur77/NR4A1) is implicated in mediating chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in cancer cells, its role in ovarian cancer has not been determined. In an ovarian cancer tissue microarray, TR3 protein expression was elevated in stage I tumors, but downregulated in a significant subset of metastatic tumors. Moreover, TR3 expression was significantly lower in platinum-resistant tumors in patients with metastatic disease, and low TR3 staining was associated with poorer overall and progression-free survival. We have identified a direct role for TR3 in cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation of TR3 was observed in cisplatin-sensitive (OVCAR8, OVCAR3, and A2780PAR) but not cisplatin-resistant (NCI/ADR-RES and A2780CP20) ovarian cancer cells. Immunofluorescent analyses showed clear overlap between TR3 and mitochondrial Hsp60 in cisplatin-treated cells, which was associated with cytochrome c release. Ovarian cancer cells with stable shRNA- or transient siRNA-mediated TR3 downregulation displayed substantial reduction in cisplatin effects on apoptotic markers and cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies showed that the cisplatin-induced cytoplasmic TR3 translocation required for apoptosis induction was regulated by JNK activation and inhibition of Akt. Finally, cisplatin resistance was partially overcome by ectopic TR3 overexpression and by treatment with the JNK activator anisomycin and Akt pathway inhibitor, wortmannin. Our results suggest that disruption of TR3 activity, via downregulation or nuclear sequestration, likely contributes to platinum resistance in ovarian cancer. Moreover, we have described a treatment strategy aimed at overcoming platinum resistance by targeting TR3.
Coupling of M2 muscarinic receptors to ERK MAP kinases and caldesmon phosphorylation in colonic smooth muscle

Coupling of M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors to activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and phosphorylation of caldesmon was studied in canine colonic smooth muscle strips in which M3 r...
Robotic First Rib Resection

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a complex disease, presenting with multiple symptoms arising from a possible combination of subclavian vein, subclavian artery, or brachial plexus compression. Multiple techniques have been used for first rib resection, some of which are no longer used. Current common techniques use a supraclavicular, transaxillary, or infraclavicular approach, each of which has its limitations. Minimally invasive transthoracic approaches have been slow to gain popularity owing to limitations in current video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery instrumentation and technology. We describe a minimally invasive and successful transthoracic approach utilizing the da Vinci robotic system with excellent results and minimal morbidity. The described approach incorporates first rib resection and division of the scalene muscles with removal of the rib in a nonpiecemeal fashion, with clear visualization of the entire rib and the need for minimal dissection around the subclavian vessels and brachial plexus.
Slip distribution of the 19 September 1985 Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake: near-source and teleseismic constraints

We simultaneously invert the strong-motion velocity records and the long- and intermediate-period teleseismic P waveforms of the 19 September 1985 Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake to recover the distribution of slip on the fault using a point-by-point constrained and stabilized, least-squares inversion method. A fault plane with strike fixed at 300° and dip fixed at 14° is placed in the region of the earthquake hypocenter and divided into 120 subfaults. Rupture is assumed to propagate at a velocity of 2.6 km/sec away from the hypocenter. Synthetic near-source ground motions and teleseismic P waveforms for pure strike-slip and dipslip dislocations are calculated for each subfault. The observed data are then inverted to obtain the amount of strike-slip and dip-slip displacement required of each subfault. We also invert the data sets using a time-window procedure where the subfaults are allowed to slip up to three times. This approach relaxes the constraint of fixed subfault rupture time imposed by a constant rupture velocity. Inversion of the strong-motion data alone yields a slip model similar to the solution previously obtained using only teleseismic waveforms. This result supports the use of teleseismic waveform data for the derivation of fault dislocation models in the absence of strong-motion recordings. Our simultaneous inversion of both data sets suggests that rupture during the Michoacan earthquake was controlled largely by the failure of three major asperities located along the length and down the dip of a 150-km segment of the Cocos-North America plate boundary. The solution contains three major source regions including an 80 km by 55 km source near the hypocenter with a peak slip of 6.5 meters. Two additional sources are present on the southeast portion of the fault about 70 km away from the hypocenter. One of these sources, with a peak slip of 5 meters, covers a 45 km by 60 km area and extends downdip from a depth of about 10 km to 24 km. The third source region is somewhat smaller (30 km by 60 km area, 3.1-meters peak slip) and extends further downdip at depths between 27 km and 39 km. Aftershock activity following the earthquake was associated mainly with the two shallow sources. These two sources are separated by the aftershock zone of the 1981 Playa Azul earthquake.
Solving the Riddle of Development: An Economist's View

All over the globe, developing countries are caught in an ever-tightening spiral of ecological destruction that is one of the most urgent environmental problems of our time. These nations are mining their minerals, cutting and burning their forests, extracting their oil, and shipping out raw or nearly raw materials to the developed countries as fast as they can-often squandering resources that could be better used domestically-in a losing race for export revenues and foreign capital to industrialize and to pay off their enormous debts. In the process, environmental costs are ignored, and catastrophic environmental damage is commonplace. Yet this pathological path of development is precisely the one recommended by traditional economic thought.
Exposure of Rat Muscle Phosphoglycerate Kinase to a Nonenzymatic MFO System Generates the Old Form of the Enzyme

The occurrence of age-related modifications in enzymes is a well-established symptom of aging that has been explained by several possible mechanisms including the oxidation of amino acid residues by mixed-function oxidation (MFO) systems. In the present study native old phosphoglycerate kinase was compared with young enzyme which had been modified by oxidation with ascorbate: FeCl3 followed by reduction. The comparison was done by monitoring the rates of heat denaturation of these enzyme forms, as well as their inactivation by trypsin. A remarkable similarity between the old and treated young enzyme was revealed, while native young phosphoglycerate kinase was inactivated with a different rate. Extensive unfolding followed by refolding converted both old and MFO-treated young phosphoglycerate kinase to species which greatly resemble the native young enzyme in their heat inactivation kinetics. These results demonstrate that the exposure of phosphoglycerate kinase to the mixed-function oxidation system introduces some modifications which are not reversed by subsequent enzyme reduction and which resemble those found in the native old enzyme. This mechanism, therefore, may account for the aging of phosphoglycerate kinase in vivo.
Stabilized Micellar Formulation of Indocyanine Green for Near-Infrared Imaging

We report micellar formation indocyanine green (ICG) nano complex. The nano-complex has a small size (30-40nm), low cytotoxicity and low critical micelle concentration (1 mg/L), and significantly improves ICG thermal and photostability.
Surveillance Results of Children with Acute Flaccid Paralysis in Lianyungang City during 2007 - 2009

[Objective]To analyze the surveillance results of children with acute flaccid paralysis ( AFP) in Liangyungang City during 2007 - 2009.[Methods]Excel and China immunization monitoring information management system were adopted for data analysis.[Results]The reported AFP cases were 19,10 and 12 in 2007,2008 and 2009,respectively. And the reported incidence rate of AFP cases was 1. 55 /100 000,1. 06 /100 000 and 1. 27 /100 000. The cases were mainly occurred in Summer and Autumn. 75. 61% of cases were children under 4 years. 90. 24% of the cases were vaccinated over 3 times. Laboratory culture of 41 specimens showed 1 strain of type I poliovirus and 1 strain of type III poliovirus. Both of them were poliovirus vaccine strains. Epidemical investigation rate within 48 hours after AFP case reporting,specimen collection rate,60 days follow-up rate,delivering rate in 75 days were all 100% . 97. 56% of the stool samples were delivered within 7 days,all met the requirements. The rate of first diagnosis reporting in the hospital of village level,township level and county level were 0,30. 77% and 70. 83% ,respectively.[Conclusion] AFP surveillance system of Lianyungang runs well. But the sensitivity of AFP surveillance system should also been improved,the routine immune vaccination and AFP cases qualified stool specimens collection should be conducted well,and the first diagnosis re- porting should be improved to maintain polio-free status.
Adaptive image enhancement algorithm based on contrast limited multilayered POSHE

Partially sub-block overlapped HE is an usual image enhancement method,it is difficult for target recognition and tracking because of over-enhancement and block effect within POSHE.In order to solve the problem,a contrast limited multilayered POSHE(CLMPOSHE)method is proposed,contrast of each layer sub-blocks is adaptively limited to eliminate over-enhancement,then multilayered POSHE processing is executed,finally each layer POSHE algorithm is fused with adaptive weights.Simulation experiment results show that the proposed algorithm is effective in enhancing foggy images.
Substance use during pregnancy

Prenatal substance use is a critical public health concern that is linked with several harmful maternal and fetal consequences. The most frequently used substance in pregnancy is tobacco, followed by alcohol, cannabis and other illicit substances. Unfortunately, polysubstance use in pregnancy is common, as well as psychiatric comorbidity, environmental stressors, and limited and disrupted parental care, all of which can compound deleterious maternal and fetal outcomes. There are few existing treatments for prenatal substance use and these mainly comprise behavioral and psychosocial interventions. Contingency management has been shown to be the most efficacious of these. The purpose of this review is to examine the recent literature on the prenatal use of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, stimulants, and opioids, including the effects of these on maternal and fetal health and the current therapeutic options.
Abstract PR06: Analysis of enhancer transcription reveals novel gene regulatory networks in breast cancer

Enhancer transcription is a defining feature of active enhancers. We and others have shown that enhancers that produce transcripts (so called “eRNAs”) are more likely to (1) be associated with active chromatin marks, such as H3K4me1 and K3K27ac, (2) loop to target gene promoters, and (3) be associated with target gene activation. Thus, enhancer transcription is a good predictor of active enhancers. In this regard, we have shown that enhancer transcription can be used in the absence of any other genomic information to predict enhancers. We have used Global Run-On coupled deep sequencing (GRO-seq) in 14 different breast cancer cell lines representing the five distinct molecular subtypes of breast cancer, coupled with a computational pipeline that we have developed, to predict enhancers based solely on enhancer transcription. We found both common and unique sites of enhancer transcription across the cell lines. In addition, we observed that enhancer transcription correlates with nearest gene transcription. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of enhancer transcription was sufficient to segregate the breast cancer cell lines into their specific molecular subtypes. Transcription factor motif analysis performed at the sites of enhancer transcription identified transcription factors that may be important for the transcriptional programs of each cell type. Transcription factors whose motifs were uniquely enriched in a specific cell type were observed to be bound at the enhancers using locus-specific ChIP-qPCR assay. siRNA-mediated knockdown of the cognate transcription factors reduced enhancer transcription and cell proliferation in those cell types. The GRO-seq data were integrated with ChIP-seq data for several histone modifications typically enriched at promoters, gene bodies, enhancers, and repressive regions of the genome. The results from these analyses provide additional support for our enhancer identification pipeline. Taken together, our analyses have revealed novel gene regulatory networks that underlie breast cancer subtype-specific biology. This work was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the American Cancer Society - Lee National Denim Day Fellowship to H.L.F., grants from the NIH/NIDDK and CPRIT to W.L.K. and a grant from CPRIT to the LONESTAR Consortium. Citation Format: Hector L. Franco, Anusha Nagari, Yuanxin Xi, Wenqian Li, Dana Richardson, Kaori Tanaka, Jing Li, The CPRIT LONESTAR Consortium, Michelle C. Barton, Xiaobing Shi, Khandan Keyomarsi, Mark T. Bedford, Wei Li, Sharon Y.R. Dent, W. Lee Kraus. Analysis of enhancer transcription reveals novel gene regulatory networks in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Sep 24-27, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PR06.
Portal hypertension after successful hepatic portoenterostomy in biliary atresia

Sixty percent of 139 patients with biliary atresia who underwent hepatic portoenterostomy (Kasai operation) from 1965 to 1994 became jaundice-free after the operation. Portal hypertension, which was confirmed by endoscopic observation of esophageal varices and/or thrombocytopenia (less than 100 x 10(3)/mm3), developed in 50% of unicteric long-term survivors. Esophageal varix was found initially between 11 months and 5 years of age in more than 70% of these portal hypertensive patients. On the contrary, thrombocytopenia developed at 6 years or older age in 63% of the patients. The incidence of portal hypertension was significantly lower in the patients whose serum bilirubin decreased less than 2mg/dl at 3 months after surgery than in the patients whose bilirubin stayed over 2mg/dl at the same postoperative time. Furthermore, re-do operation related significantly to the incidence of portal hypertension in jaundice-disappeared patients. Prophylactic endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and/or variceal ligation were sufficiently effective in the management of esophageal varices. Partial splenic embolization as well as splenectomy seems to be a treatment of choice for hypersplenism.
Management of Seizures in the High-Risk Infant

Despite the frequency of seizures in high-risk infants, long- term management has remained an area of confusion. In this article, the author describes two recent studies in which prediction of outcome was based on several variables. Through assessing these variables, a scoring system is described to predict outcome and to guide treatment decisions.
Control of radiation patterns of antennas mounted on complex platforms by using the characteristic basis functions (CBFs)

A novel straightforward approach for controlling the radiation patterns of antenna systems located on a complex platform is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique is based on the use of Characteristic Basis Functions (CBFs). The CBFs are initially generated from the solutions for the current distributions on the platform derived by exciting a number of antenna elements, typically specified by the user, and placed at “allowable” locations on the platform. A singular value decomposition (SVD) is then performed to remove the redundancy of the CBFs. Next, the Characteristic Basis Function Patterns (CBFPs) are derived from the CBFs, and are used as the basis functions in the pattern space to realize the desired pattern. Rather than using a non-linear optimization procedure to realize the desired pattern, the pattern design process is transformed into an eigenvalue problem — which is numerical considerably more efficient to solve — to find the best-fit solution that maximizes the energy radiated in the desired angular range, while minimizing the undesired radiation outside of this range, e.g., along the sidelobe or backlobe directions.
Annexin A5 is the Most Abundant Membrane-Associated Protein in Stereocilia but is Dispensable for Hair-Bundle Development and Function

The phospholipid- and Ca2+-binding protein annexin A5 (ANXA5) is the most abundant membrane-associated protein of ~P23 mouse vestibular hair bundles, the inner ear’s sensory organelle. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we estimated that ANXA5 accounts for ~15,000 copies per stereocilium, or ~2% of the total protein there. Although seven other annexin genes are expressed in mouse utricles, mass spectrometry showed that none were present at levels near ANXA5 in bundles and none were upregulated in stereocilia of Anxa5−/− mice. Annexins have been proposed to mediate Ca2+-dependent repair of membrane lesions, which could be part of the repair mechanism in hair cells after noise damage. Nevertheless, mature Anxa5−/− mice not only have normal hearing and balance function, but following noise exposure, they are identical to wild-type mice in their temporary or permanent changes in hearing sensitivity. We suggest that despite the unusually high levels of ANXA5 in bundles, it does not play a role in the bundle’s key function, mechanotransduction, at least until after two months of age in the cochlea and six months of age in the vestibular system. These results reinforce the lack of correlation between abundance of a protein in a specific compartment or cellular structure and its functional significance.
Comrades and Coworkers

O n a freezing night in january 1937, a fire swept through the scrap shop of Dinamo, an electrical-machine-building factory in the Proletarskii district of southeastern Moscow. The shop was covered by a wooden scaffold, which went up like dry kindling, sending sparks high into the night sky. Leaping over the rickety wood structure and rapidly devouring the makeshift roof, the flames lit up the yards, illuminating the high drifts of dirty snow and discarded equipment, the darkened barracks, the factory's redbrick building, and the spur railway line that ran to and from its loading lock. Hundreds of people, roused by the blaze, scurried in panic through the factory yards, carrying their meager belongings. Huddling in small groups, they stared at the fire. The yards were full of homeless peasants who slept in improvised shelters, dugouts, and tents, hoping for housing and jobs. Recent migrants from the countryside, they lived on the factory grounds, cooking over small open-air fires, smoking hand-rolled cigarettes, and heating their rude dwellings with unreliable homemade stoves. No one – not the factoryșs director, not the head of the party committee, not the chairman of the union – knew exactly how many people were camped in the yards.
Plant phenols as invitro inhibitors of glutathione S-transferase(s)

Ellagic acid, a commonly occurring plant phenol, was shown to be a potent in vitro inhibitor of GSH-transferase(s) activity. Other plant phenols such as ferrulic acid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid also showed a concentration dependent inhibition of GSH-transferase(s) activity. The I50 values of ellagic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and ferrulic acid were 8.3 X 10(-5)M, 14.0 X 10(-5)M, 20.0 X 10(-5)M and 22.0 X 10(-5)M respectively, suggesting that ellagic acid is the most potent inhibitor of all the four studied plant phenols. At 55 microM concentration of ellagic acid, a significant inhibition (35-47%) was observed on GSH-transferase activity towards CDNB, p-nitrobenzyl chloride and 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane as substrates. Ellagic acid inhibited GSH-transferase(s) activity in a non-competitive manner with respect to CDNB while with respect to GSH it inhibited the enzyme activity in a competitive manner. Other phenolic compounds purpurogallin , quercetin, alizarin and monolactone also showed a concentration dependent inhibition of the enzyme activity with a I50 of 0.8 X 10(-5)M, 1.0 X 10(-5)M, 8.0 X 10(-5)M and 16.0 X 10(-5)M respectively. These inhibitors of GSH-transferase(s) activity should be useful in studying the in vitro enzyme mediated reactions of exogenous and endogenous compounds.
POSTER: Distributed Control: The Benefits of Eliminating Global Synchronization via Effective Scheduling

In distributed computing, parallel overheads such as \emph{synchronization overhead} may hinder performance. We introduce the idea of \emph{Distributed Control} (DC) where global synchronization is reduced to \emph{termination detection} and each worker proceeds ahead optimistically, based on the local knowledge of the global computation. To avoid "wasted'' work, \DC relies on local work prioritization. However, the work order obtained by local prioritization is susceptible to interference from the runtime. We show that employing effective scheduling policies and optimizations in the runtime, in conjunction with eliminating global barriers, improves performance in two graph applications: single-source shortest paths and connected components.
Patriotic betrayal: the inside story of the CIA’s secret campaign to enroll American students in the crusade against communism

At its peak in the early 1960s, the National Student Association (NSA) counted one million American students as members and boasted chapters on 400 college campuses. It was one of the largest and m...
Rumen Function and Development

The ruminal epithelium is a complex tissue that serves as an important protective barrier as well as a metabolically important tissue for whole-animal energy metabolism. Up to 70% of the energetic needs of mature animals are absorbed as short-chain fatty acids through the stratified squamous epithelium, and it serves as the primary producer of ketones in fed animals. Both physical and metabolic development are incomplete at birth and are triggered by short-chain fatty acids. Regulatory control of the proliferation and differentiation necessary for normal development is a useful model for the scientific investigation of nutrient-gene interactions.
On the Sommerfeld half-space problem: appraisal of approximate solutions with extensions to plasmonics

The classical Sommerfeld problem of a vertical electric dipole radiating over an imperfectly conducting half-space is revisited. Two variants of the modified saddle-point integration method are emp...
Functional and Anatomic Correlates of Neural Aging in Birds

Avian species show variation in longevity, habitat, physiologic characteristics, and lifetime endocrine patterns. Lifetime reproductive and metabolic function vary. Much is known about the neurobiology of the song system in many altricial birds. Little is known about aging in neural systems in birds. Captive birds often survive beyond the age they would in the wild, providing an opportunity to gain an understanding of the physiologic and neural changes. This paper reviews the available information with the goal of capturing areas of potential investigation into gaps in our understanding of neural aging as reflected in physiologic, endocrine, and cognitive aging.
Multiscale Coarse-Graining with Effective Polarizabilities: A Fully Bottom-Up Approach

Coarse-grain (CG) models offer a way to estimate the behavior of larger systems, for longer times than possible in fine-grain calculations by eliminating fine detail. For most atomistic models this often involves eliminating electrostatic interactions, yet, in many calculations, the dielectric properties of a material may be too important to ignore. In this work, we expand upon a previous CG representation which preserves the instantaneous center of mass (CoM), charge, and dipole of clusters of atoms by representing them with charged dimers. We then derive a formal mapping of the microscopic coordinates onto the CG representation allowing for a fully bottom-up construction of the CG force field that statistically matches the CoM, and first two terms of the multipole expansion. In the method presented here, unlike any previous bottom-up mappings, the atomistic particles are fractionally mapped to both sites in the dimer representation. Despite this difference, we show that the corresponding coordinate tran...
Age, Race, and Gender Influence Internal Carotid Artery Doppler Velocities in Children

IntroductionFew data are available describing internal carotid artery pulsed-wave Doppler velocities in children. Therefore, mean values were obtained in healthy children and correlates of peak sys...
Building blocks for tomorrow's mobile app store

In our homes and in the enterprise, in our leisure and in our professions, mobile computing is no longer merely "exciting;" it is becoming an essential, ubiquitous tool of the modern world. New and innovative mobile applications continue to inform, entertain, and surprise users. But, to make the daily use of mobile technologies more gratifying and worthwhile, we must move forward with new levels of sophistication. The Mobile App Stores of the future must be built on stronger foundations. This dissertation considers a broad view of the challenges and intuitions behind a diverse selection of such new primitives. Some of these primitives will mitigate existing and fundamental challenges of mobile computing, especially relating to wireless communication. Others will take an application-driven approach, being designed to serve a novel purpose, and be adapted to the unique and varied challenges from their disparate domains. However, all are related through a unifying goal, to provide a seamless, enjoyable, and productive mobile experience. This dissertation takes view that by bringing together nontrivial enhancements across a selection of disparate-but-interrelated domains, the impact is synergistically stronger than the sum of each in isolation. Through their collective impact, these new "building blocks" can help lay a foundation to upgrade mobile technology beyond the expectations of early-adopters, and into seamless integration with all of our lives.
Photodynamic Inactivation of Herpesvirus

Photodynamic inactivation has been known since Raab, at the beginning of the 20th century, observed that acridine was harmless to paramecia in the dark but was lethal when the organisms were exposed to visible light (1). Three decades later viruses were shown to be photosensitive (2, 3). However, assay methods in the 1930s were crude, and no quantitative results were reported. In 1958, Yamamoto (4) reported the first quantitative studies on photodynamic inactivation of bacterial virus; in 1960, Hiatt et al. (5) extended this work to a number of DNA-containing animal viruses, but found that RNA-containing enteroviruses were resistant to photosensitization. We have since learned that naturally photoresistant viruses can be made photosensitive if the virus is grown in cells maintained with medium containing proflavine, neutral red, or acridine orange. During replication of the virus, the photoreactive dye becomes incorporated within the virus structure (6–10). If one looks through the literature, one can see that in most laboratories virus titers could be reduced markedly by “dye-light” treatment, but usually some virus persisted. The point is that, as usually practiced, photoinactivation may not be complete. Transformation by such preparations in which some infectious virus is still present (11) cannot be said to be caused by photoinactivated virus. However, if the procedures described in the papers from our laboratory are carefully followed, photoinactivation can be made total (12–17).
Blood-Brain Barrier System

All substances introduced into the bloodstream, either by normal absorption of dietary compounds and the metabolic products produced from such compounds in the body itself or compounds administered for therapeutic purposes, do not enter the brain cell at the same rate or to the same extent. The magnitude of permeability from the blood into the brain is not the same in all areas of the brain and, in certain cases, depends upon the age and the species. This selective uptake of compounds will thus have an important bearing on the nutritional effects on the developing brain.