cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Active ADP-ribosylation factor-1 (ARF1) is required for mitotic Golgi fragmentation

In mammalian cells the Golgi apparatus undergoes an extensive disassembly process at the onset of mitosis that is believed to facilitate equal partitioning of this organelle into the two daughter cells. However, the underlying mechanisms for this fragmentation process are so far unclear. Here we have investigated the role of the ADP-ribosylation factor-1 (ARF1) in this process to determine whether Golgi fragmentation in mitosis is mediated by vesicle budding. ARF1 is a small GTPase that is required for COPI vesicle formation from the Golgi membranes. Treatment of Golgi membranes with mitotic cytosol or with purified coatomer together with wild type ARF1 or its constitutive active form, but not the inactive mutant, converted the Golgi membranes into COPI vesicles. ARF1-depleted mitotic cytosol failed to fragment Golgi membranes. ARF1 is associated with Golgi vesicles generated in vitro and with vesicles in mitotic cells. In addition, microinjection of constitutive active ARF1 did not affect mitotic Golgi fragmentation or cell progression through mitosis. Our results show that ARF1 is active during mitosis and that this activity is required for mitotic Golgi fragmentation.
Structural failure of two-density-layer cohesionless biaxial ellipsoids

Abstract This paper quantitatively evaluates structural failure of biaxial cohesionless ellipsoids that have a two-density-layer distribution. The internal density layer is modeled as a sphere, while the external density layer is the rest of the part. The density is supposed to be constant in each layer. The present study derives averaged stresses over the whole volume of these bodies and uses limit analysis to determine their global failure. The upper bound of global failure is considered in terms of the size of the internal layer and the aspect ratio of the shape. The result shows that the two-density-layer causes the body to have different strength against structural failure.
Dimensions of Conflict Resolution in Ethnopolitical Disputes

In this introduction to the special issue, the various dimensions of approaches to conflict resolution in identity disputes are explored. The implementation of existing peace accords in countries t...
Macrofollicular variant of papillary carcinoma, a potential diagnostic pitfall: A report of two cases including a review of literature

Macrofollicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (MFVPTC) is one of the rarest histologic types of papillary carcinoma. This tumor may mimic an adenomatoid/colloid nodule or follicular neoplasm (macrofollicular type) both on histology and cytology. There are very few articles describing the cytologic features of MFVPTC. We report the cytologic findings of two surgically confirmed MFVPTC. The first case showed abundant thin colloid with moderate amount of follicular cells arranged in a honeycombed and syncytial pattern. Some but not all the follicular cells showed enlarged round to ovoid nuclei, overlapping nuclei, few nuclear grooves and rare intranuclear inclusions. The second case showed abundant thin colloid and predominantly benign appearing follicular cells with few overlapping nuclei, enlarged round to ovoid nuclei and rare nuclear grooves. No intranuclear inclusions were identified. A review of the literature was done and the cytologic findings of MFVPTC including our two cases were tabulated. The cytologic findings showed moderate to abundant thin with focally thick colloid in 75% of cases and sheet like arrangement of follicular cells in 76%. Although nuclear features such as chromatin clearing, overlapping and grooves were present in majority of cases, the quantity varied from rare to focal. Small to prominent nucleoli were present in all of the evaluable cases. Intranuclear inclusions were seen only in 45% of patients. Hence, the cytologic features of macrofollicular variant of papillary carcinoma though present can be subtle and intranuclear inclusions may not be present always.
The Heart, Not the Face: A Civil-War-Era Tale and the Persistent Challenge of Race in Religious Education

Abstract This article analyzes the 1863 pseudo slave narrative entitled Black and White; Or, the Heart, Not the Face by white Northerner Jane Dunbar Chaplin. The article sets this tale within the historical and literary context of “domestic abolitionism.” The logic behind the story is described as “sympathetic identification,” a perspective that, although elevating the slave protagonist, leaves unexamined white religious, aesthetic, cultural, and political assumptions. The article concludes with a reflection on the persistence of this logic in current Religious Education settings and offers advice for practitioners who desire to expand interracial and intercultural understanding.
Measurements of spectral radiance of the horizon sky.

Typical spectral radiance data are presented for a rectangular portion of the horizon sky under various weather conditions and at different solar positions. Representative curves were selected from a total of seventy-nine spectral radiance measurements which covered meteorological ranges (at 665 mμ) from 10 km to 106 km and solar altitudes from −6° to 74°. The north horizon at noon with a 30-km or greater meteorological range typically produced a peak spectral radiance of 5 μW cm−2sr−1mμ−1. The maximum spectral radiance value obtained in the study was 38 μW cm−2sr−1mμ−1 for the south horizon in winter. The reciprocal dispersion varied from 1.8 mμ/mm at 400 mμ to approximately 8 mμ/mm at 1000 mμ. A mixture of fog and haze produced a spectral radiance curve with two maxima.
Beyond the string genus

Abstract In an earlier work we used a path integral analysis to propose a higher genus generalization of the elliptic genus. We found a cobordism invariant parametrized by Teichmuller space. Here we simplify the formula and study the behavior of our invariant under the action of the mapping class group of the Riemann surface. We find that our invariant is a modular function with multiplier just as in genus one.
Surgeon Characteristics and Long-Term Trends in the Adoption of Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy

Purpose: We describe longitudinal trends in surgeon adoption of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. We assessed whether this technique is associated with specific surgeon and/or practice setting characteristics.Methods and Materials: We used Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare data to identify patients who underwent laparoscopic or open radical nephrectomy for early stage kidney cancer from 1995 through 2005. We assessed long-term trends in surgeon adoption of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and fit multilevel logistic regression models to estimate the association between surgeon or practice setting characteristics and patient receipt of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.Results: The annual proportion of patients receiving laparoscopic radical nephrectomy increased from 1.4% in 1995 to 44.9% in 2005 (p <0.001). In patients treated by recent medical school graduates (graduation year 1991 or thereafter) the likelihood of undergoing laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was more than 2-fold higher w...
A method for measuring zinc in leucocytes and erythrocytes

Abstract A method for the determination of zinc in blood cells is described and values for erythrocytes and leucocytes of normal persons based on this method are reported.
Using Informed Strategies for Learning to Enhance the Reading and Thinking Skills of Children with Learning Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to improve the reading performance of children with learning disabilities using a classroom-based metacognitive reading program. The participants were third- and fourth-level 8- and 9-year-olds (13 boys and 5 girls) at a school for children with learning disabilities. A cross-sectional time series design was used. During pre- and posttesting participants were assessed on two measures of strategy awareness and a measure of perceived self-competence. During the instructional phase the metacognitive reading program was introduced. Participants were assessed on measures of reading performance throughout the study. In general, the findings were positive: Students increased in performance and awareness of strategies from pre- to posttesting. In addition, participants were placed in subgroups based on pretesting assessments. The subgroups differed on their improvements over time. This study provides preliminary evidence that a metacognitive reading program can be used with children with learning disabilities to improve their awareness about reading and their comprehension skills.
Color memory and evaluations for alphabetical and logographic brand names.

Reading logographs relies to a greater degree on visual information processes than does reading alphabetic words. Two experiments examined related memory and judgment effects with native speakers of Chinese and English. In Experiment 1, memory for print colors was greater for logographs than for alphabetic words. Experiment 2 examined consumers' ratings of novel brand names printed in colors previously associated with positive or negative evaluations. These print colors had a stronger effect on the evaluation of logographic than of alphabetic brand names. The findings suggest that script variations affect the integration of written words with their surface features. The findings have practical implications for visually differentiating a brand and for the ability of a brand extension or a copycat brand to visually acquire meaning from an existing brand.
Growth patterns in oysters, Crassostrea virginica, from different estuaries

We analyzed a data set collected over 15 yr, containing growth data from strains of eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791), initiated from parent populations in Long Island Sound, Delaware Bay, and lower Chesapeake Bay. The long-term growth data proved to be a powerful tool for examining patterns of growth differentiation among separated populations of C. virginica. The oyster strains had been grown in a common environment in lower Delaware Bay for up to seven generations. We found that the oyster strains with origins in Long Island Sound were significantly larger over several generations than oyster strains from Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Bay oyster strains were larger than Delaware Bay oyster strains at 1.5 yr old, but Delaware Bay oysters were larger at 2.5 yr. Year-to-year variation in environmental conditions had a strong significant effect on absolute oyster size and the relative sizes of the oyster strains. Persistent differences between oyster strains from different origins over several generations support a hypothesis that these estuarine populations have experienced long-term genetically-based population differentiation. This result is consistent with hypotheses of population differentiation of oysters based on observations of local reproductive timing.
Development of rat pancreatic islet cells in vitro.

Islet cell lines were produced by retroviral transduction of SV-40 T antigen to monolayer cultures of neonatal rat islets. One line, RN0–11, showed evolution of phenotypes in vitro. It evolved from a non-hormone secreting cell line to an insulin secreting line. It further developed glucagon producing capability before it lost all hormone producing phenotypes. At passage 8, RN0–11 cells secreted a small amount of insulin 25 ng/106 cells/24 hours. They were unresponsive to glucose and secreted 1.7–1.9 ng of insulin/106 cells/2 hours under various levels of glucose. At passage 16, they secreted 2,577 ng of insulin/106 cells/24 hours and responded to glucose stimulation in static incubation. The insulin secreted by these cells at 0, 2.8, 5.5, 11.1, 16.7, and 27.7 mM of glucose was 6.46 ± 2.56, 17.74 ± 2.66, 32.24 ± 0.58, 30.66 ± 1.59, 33.55 ± 4.83, and 20.95 ± 2.17 ng/106 cells/2 hours respectively. The responsiveness to glucose and the ability to secrete insulin diminished as cells were passaged in culture, and by passage 35 no insulin was detectable in medium under any level of glucose tested. Northern blot analyses also showed corresponding changes of insulin expression in these cells at different passages. In addition, glucagon was detectable at passage 14 by immunocytochemistry and at passage 16 by Northern blot analysis. By passage 35, no insulin or glucagon expression was detectable by Northern blot analysis or immunocytochemistry. Immunocytochemical staining of these cells at passage 14 showed insulin-positive and glucagon-positive cells and cells positive for both insulin and glucagon. Presence of insulin and glucagon in the same cells suggests single clonality of the cell line. The evolution of RN0–11 cells in vitro provides an opportunity to study the development of islet cells. Microsc. Res. Tech. 43:306–312, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Resolution of the Cartesian product of fuzzy sets

Abstract The problem “given A in V ( n ), B in V ( m ) and B ′ in V ( m ) find all A ′ in V ( n ) such that A ′ · ( A × B ) = B ′”, where · denotes max-min composition, x denotes Cartesian product and V ( n ) denotes the set of all fuzzy vectors with n members, is investigated. The condition for the existence of a solution is shown and an analytical solution is given.
Field assessment of nanoscale bimetallic particles for groundwater treatment.

A field demonstration was performed in which nanoscale bimetallic (Fe/Pd) particles were gravity-fed into groundwater contaminated by trichloroethene and other chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons at a manufacturing site. With diameters on the order of 100−200 nm, the nanoparticles are uniquely suited to rapidly degrade redox-amenable contaminants and for optimal subsurface delivery and dispersion. Approximately 1.7 kg of the nanoparticles was fed into the test area over a 2-day period, resulting in minimal clogging of the injection well. The test area was located within a well-characterized region of the contaminant plume and included an injection well and three piezometer couplets spaced 1.5 m apart. Despite the low nanoparticle dosage, trichloroethene reduction efficiencies of up to 96% were observed over a 4-week monitoring period with the highest values observed at the injection well and adjacent piezometers. Data from the field assessment were consistent with the results of pre-injection laboratory st...
Improved Single‐Center LCAO SCF Calculations on HF and CH4

Calculations within the LCAO SCF framework utilizing large basis sets of Slater orbitals centered at the heavy nucleus are carried out on HF and CH4 in order to assess the feasibility of computing near‐Hartree—Fock wavefunctions and energies for simple AHn‐type molecules. Considerable improvement is obtained over previous results found by the single‐center method, but it is concluded that it is not economically possible to extend the calculations to the accuracy given by poly‐centered methods.
Regulated Traffic of Anion Transporters in Mammalian Brunner's Glands: A Role for Water and Fluid Transport

The Brunner's glands of the proximal duodenum exert barrier functions through secretion of glycoproteins and antimicrobial peptides. However, ion transporter localization, function, and regulation ...
An equivalent linear finite element approach for the estimation of pile foundation stiffnesses

A method is presented for the calculation of the displacement-dependent lateral, vertical and rotational stiffnesses of the central pier of the Meloland Road Overcrossing. This method is based on a finite element model of the foundation and an «equivalent linear» iterative procedure for the calculation of the stiffness versus displacement curves. The results of this procedure are then compared to the results of system identification studies based on the full-scale test measurements of the structure and to the results of studies performed by other researchers. It was found that this method produced reliable strain-dependent stiffness values.
Relation of Concentration and Exposure Time to the Efficacy of Niclosamide Against Larval Sea Lampreys (Petromyzon marinus)

The efficacy of 2’, 5-dichloro-4’-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide) at various concentrations and exposure times was tested against free-swimming larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) at 12°C and 17°C in Lake Huron water. Concentrations of niclosamide in test solutions ranged from 0.46 to 4.7 mg/L with pH 7.8 to 8.3, total alkalinity 78 to 88 mg/L as CaCO3, and total hardness 95 to 105 mg/L as CaCO3. In each test, six groups of larvae were exposed to a single concentration of niclosamide for times ranging from 30 s to 30 min. Exposure time was treated as the dose and, for each concentration tested, the exposure time necessary to kill 50 and 99.9% of larvae (ET50 and ET99.9) was determined. Linear regressions of the log10-transformed ET50 and ET99.9 on the log10-transformed niclosamide concentrations were significant at both temperatures with r2 ranging from 0.94 to 0.98. The predicted ET50 ranged from 58 sec to 21.7 min and the ET99.9 ranged from 2.5 to 43.5 min across the concentrations and temperatures tested. Niclosamide required a significantly longer time to kill larvae at 12°C than at 17°C.
Military Exposure and Urinary Incontinence among American Men

Purpose: We examined the association between military exposure and urinary incontinence in American men.Materials and Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2008 were merged to include 5,297 men 20 years old or older. The question, “Did you ever serve in the Armed Forces of the United States?” (yes/no) was used to assess military exposure. Urinary incontinence was categorized as any or moderate/severe urinary incontinence vs none. Because the impact of military exposure varied by age, multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the OR and 95% CI stratified by 3 age groups, including 55 or less, 56 to 69 and 70 years or greater. Analysis was adjusted for race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, self-reported health status, number of chronic conditions, depression and prostate conditions, the latter in men 40 years old or older.Results: Overall 23% of male respondents reported military exposure. Men with military exposure were more ...
SU-FF-I-120: Integration of a Pressure Sensing Array Into Ultrasonic Strain Imaging

Purpose: Mechanical in vitro tests have shown differences between fibroadenomas and invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) in their non‐linear stress/strain behavior, which could be utilized to differentiate between the two lesion types (and potentially eliminate an unneeded biopsy). Stress and strain measurements are required to quantify this non‐linear behavior in vivo. We are investigating the feasibility of integrating a pressuresensor to obtain a surface stress measurement during ultrasound strain image acquisition. The prototype pressuresensor plate design, methods for calibration and initial results will be presented. Methods/Materials: A custom pressure sensing array was obtained from Pressure Profile Systems, Inc. A variety of tests were performed with the array to gauge its stability, sensitivity and calibration in reference to its application in ultrasoundelastography.Measurements on elastographic phantoms were also performed with comparisons to finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. In addition, data was collected from a small clinical trial at the University of Wisconsin Breast Center. Results: Initial tests show that the pressuresensor array is stable in an ultrasound imaging environment. A reliable calibration technique was also developed. Measurements on phantoms have shown modest agreement with FEA simulations. However, geometric inhomogeneities on the surface of the sensor as well as the variability of the absolute calibration have made an accurate map of the pressure distribution difficult to obtain. From the clinical work the device has been shown to be sensitive enough to detect initial contact with the breast, a crucial objective in quantifying non‐linear stress/strain behavior. Conclusions: The pressuresensor has demonstrated the ability to measure a relative surfacepressure from initial contact to full compression during an ultrasound strain image acquisition, providing a method to quantify the non‐linear stress/strain behavior in breast lesions. However, system limitations may hamper efforts to obtain accurate surfacepressure maps for modulus reconstruction.
Irregularities of distribution with respect to strips

A lower bound is established for the strip discrepancy of a broad class of point distributions. The bound implies unbounded strip discrepancy for equally weighted point distributions under favorable conditions. The methods of proof use notions from integral geometry.
Anharmonic Vibrations via Filter Diagonalization of ab Initio Dynamics Trajectories

Filter diagonalization (Wall, M. R.; Neuhauser, D. J. Chem. Phys. 1995, 102, 8011) is a new and efficient method for extracting frequencies and damping constants from a short-time segment of any time-dependent signal, whether of quantum nature or not. In this letter, we will demonstrate that filter diagonalization can be used to follow the anharmonic vibrational dynamics of Si6. Using the technique, we can locate (resolve) the normal modes (including the widths) from even a very short-time correlation signal generated by ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. Our results show that filter diagonalization can reduce significantly the necessary sampling time with an ab initio molecular simulation and aid in understanding normal-mode dynamics for systems that are affected by anharmonicity.
Prevalence and correlates of hashish use in a national sample of high school seniors in the United States.

Background: Cannabis (marijuana) use and acceptance towards use are increasing in the US, and state-level policies are becoming more liberal. A wealth of research has been conducted to examine risk...
Remote Laboratory Collaboration Plan in Communications Engineering

Communications laboratories for electrical engineering undergraduates typically require that students perform practical experiments and document findings as part of their knowledge and skills development. Laboratory experiments are usally designed to support and reinforce theories presented in the classroom and foster independent thinking; however, the capital cost of equipment needed to sustain a viable laboratory environment is large and ongoing maintenance is an annual expense. Consequently, there is a need to identify and validate more economic solutions for engineering laboratories. This paper presents a remote laboratory collaboration plan for use in an elctrical engineering communications course.
Reliability growth of repairable systems

This paper considers the problem of modeling the reliability of a repairable system or device that is experiencing reliability improvement. Such a situation arises when system failure modes are gradually being corrected by a test-fix-test-fix procedure, which may include design changes. A dynamic reliability model for this process is discussed and statistical techniques are derived for estimating the model parameters and for testing the goodness-of-fit to observed data. The reliability model analyzed was first proposed as a graphical technique known as Duane plots, but can also be viewed as a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with a particular mean value function.
CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORE VERSUS A MULTIPLE BIOMARKER APPROACH FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE RISK ASSESSMENT: MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Direct comparison of incremental prognostic value of coronary artery calcium (CAC) score versus multiple well-studied biomarkers, over Framingham Risk Score (FRS), for predicting coronary heart disease (CHD) in a large cohort remains unexplored. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a
HIV-associated cervicodorsal lipodystrophy: etiology and management.

Objectives: To familiarize the otolaryngologist with the evaluation and management of cervicodorsal manifestations of lipodystrophy in patients who have been treated with HIV protease inhibitor medications. In addition, to share the benefits obtainable with ultrasonic tumescent liposuction treatment. Study Design: Retrospective chart review of patients presenting to the senior author with symptomatic hypertrophic cervicodorsal fat pad attributable to HIV infection and HIV protease inhibitor use. Results: Eight patients presented for evaluation of hypertrophic cervicodorsal fat pads between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2004. All patients had been on protease inhibitors in the past and had minimal resolution after discontinuing offending agent. Most common presenting problems include disfigurement, limited range of upper extremity and neck motion, neck and back discomfort, and difficulty with sleep including sleep-study-confirmed obstructive sleep apnea. Five of eight patients underwent ultrasonic tumescent liposuction. Three patients had satisfactory improvement of symptoms after the first surgery, whereas the other two required additional operative sessions. No complications of hematoma, seroma, infection, prolonged pain, or re-accumulation of fat pad were encountered. The primary obstacle in the three nonoperative patients was insurance denial on the basis of deemed lack of established necessity. Conclusions: Cervicodorsal lipodystrophy is a well-recognized outcome of prolonged HIV infection and side effect of certain HIV medications. Patients may present with both esthetic and functional issues related to the excess tissue. Although cessation of associated medications may halt further progression, this alone does resolve the symptoms. Ultrasonic tumescent liposuction is shown in this study to be a well-suited modality for reduction of this fibrous adipose tissue. Multiple sessions may be necessary to achieve satisfactory results because of the tenacity of the tissue. It is important for the otolaryngologist to be familiar with the head and neck issues relevant to this disorder and its treatment.
A Stone in a Grossly Dilated Cystic Duct Stump: A Rare Cause of Postcholecystectomy Pain

We describe the unusual case of a patient who developed recurrent right upper quadrant pain 25 yr after cholecystectomy. A cystic lesion containing a calculus was identified on transabdominal ultrasound, initially suggesting the possibility of gallbladder duplication. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography identified this lesion as a massively dilated cystic duct stump. Surgical resection led to complete resolution of symptoms. Recurrent cholelithiasis involving the cystic duct stump may lead to massive dilatation, and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of postcholecystectomy syndrome.
Black hole thermodynamics from near-horizon conformal quantum mechanics

The thermodynamics of black holes is shown to be directly induced by their near-horizon conformal invariance. This behavior is exhibited using a scalar field as a probe of the black hole gravitational background, for a general class of metrics in $D$ spacetime dimensions (with $D\ensuremath{\ge}4$). The ensuing analysis is based on conformal quantum mechanics, within a hierarchical near-horizon expansion. In particular, the leading conformal behavior provides the correct quantum statistical properties for the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, with the near-horizon physics governing the thermodynamics from the outset. Most importantly: (i) this treatment reveals the emergence of holographic properties; (ii) the conformal coupling parameter is shown to be related to the Hawking temperature; and (iii) Schwarzschild-like coordinates, despite their ``coordinate singularity,'' can be used self-consistently to describe the thermodynamics of black holes.
Functional interpretations of the radiographic anatomy of the femora of Myotis iucifugus, Pipistrellus subflavus, and Blarina brevicauda

Radiographs of right femora from 29 shrews (Blarina brevicauda) and 51 bats (27 Myotis lucifugus, 14 Pipistrellus subflavus) were analyzed to determine if bone in these small mammals conformed to Bassett's (′68) revision of Wolff's Law. Five external and four cortical dimensions were made on enlargements of radiographs of each femur. Comparative descriptions of the spongiosa are given. External dimensions appear to be determined genetically, and, in bats, are closely related to functional demands. Shrew femora retain a primitive mammalian morphology. No apparent relationship exists between animal weight and mid-diaphyseal cortical thickness. Although differences in cortical thickness in bats suggest a possible relation between bone and pressure, no relationship is apparent in shrews; further, the comparative magnitude of these dimensions is similar in all three species, indicating genetic control mechanisms. Computations of maximal loading suggest that loading is so slight, that the inherent strength of bone tissue is adequate to resist mechanical deformation. However, there is evidence of cortical bone response to physiological demands. Inspection of the spongiosa also fails to provide evidence of conformity to Wolff's Law. Instead, the trabeculae appear to be related to physiologic factors, animal age, and inherited disposition patterns. Thus, there is no evidence that bone in these diminutive mammals responds to mechanical forces, and the applicability of Wolff's Law is not indicated. It is hypothesized that, as the mechanical forces are so minimal, intrinsic tissue strength is sufficient to resist mechanical deformation, and femoral anatomy in these species is dictated by genetic and inherent physiologic conditions.
Non-Invasive Optical Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease β-Amyloid in Human AD & Transgenic Mouse Lenses in vivo

A sensitive, specific, and objective test for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is urgently needed for efficient drug development and effective clinical use of emerging AD therapies. The present absence of AD diagnostic technology is the major impediment to clinical introduction of new AD treatments. This situation is troubling given the hundreds of AD treatments now in the pharmaceutical pipeline. Enabling diagnostic technology will accelerate preclinical drug discovery, streamline clinical testing, and facilitate therapeutic intervention. Patient care will be enhanced by an objective means to assess AD risk, establish early diagnosis/prognosis, monitor disease progression, and determine response to treatment. We recently discovered β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, AD-associated β-amyloid pathology, and unusual co-localizing equatorial supranuclear cataracts in the ocular lenses of patients with AD but not in those without the disorder [1]. These discoveries provide the first evidence of AD-associated β-amyloid pathology outside the brain and support a direct molecular link between AD pathology in the brain and lens. Our findings led us to develop novel, non-invasive laser optical technology for quantitative in vivo detection and monitoring of AD-associated β-amyloid pathology in human patients and transgenic mice.
Bernstein’s theorem in affine space

The stable mixed volume of the Newton polytopes of a polynomial system is defined and shown to equal (genetically) the number of zeros in affine space Cn. This result refines earlier bounds by Rojas, Li, and Wang [5], [7], [8]. The homotopies in [4], [9], and [10] extend naturally to a computation of all isolated zeros in Cn
Variation in the Constituents of Milk Under Arizona Conditions. II. Influence of the Month of Lactation in Cows of Different Breeds

Summary The results of analyses of 362 samples of milk were compiled and presented graphically by breeds and compared with results obtained by the Illinois Station. The samples were taken 1 day each month throughout the lactation periods and results were compiled by month of lactation. (1)The data show steady increases in total solids, serum solids, fat, and protein values after the second month of the lactations, and a slight decrease in the values of the constituents of Guernsey milk during the eighth month. A large percentage of the cows were in the eighth month of their lactation during the spring and summer months. (2)Milk produced under Arizona conditions averaged lower in all constituents than milk produced in Illinois, except for the fat content of milk from the Holstein breed. (3)The serum solids of Jersey milk showed less variation than that of the milk of the other breeds studied, as shown by variation of 0.35 per cent throughout the lactation as compared to 1.08 per cent and 0.65 per cent variations for the Guernsey and Holstein milk, respectively. (4)The total solids, fat, and protein of Holstein milk decreased 3.69, 13.26, and 9.52 per cent from the first to the second month and then increased 7.12, 13.03, and 17.65 per cent, respectively, to the end of the lactation. The milk from Jersey and Guernsey cows showed 2.01 and 4.08 per cent increase in fat from the first to second month. The milk increased in fat 26.51 and 21.81 per cent, respectively, in the remainder of the lactation. The milk from the Jersey and Guernsey cows decreased 1.00 and 0.59 per cent in total solids in the second month and increased 6.40 and 14.09 per cent, respectively, from the second month to the end of the lactation. The protein content of the Jersey milk decreased 11.57 per cent in the first period, while Guernsey milk increased 10.44 per cent. The increases for the latter period were 8.99 and 14.66 per cent for Jersey and Guernsey milk, respectively. (5)The ratio of the fat to serum solids shows that as the lactation advances the fat content is higher in proportion to the serum solids. (6)The ratio of fat to serum solids will vary with individual cows even though the fat test is the same.
Crustal structure beneath oceanic islands

The difficulties and ambiguities in the interpretation of seismic, gravity and magnetic observations are discussed. The results obtained near the islands of Oahu, Bermuda and Bikini are summarized. On all these islands there is evidence of the presence of basaltic lava flows. Gravity and magnetic surveys are incomplete but are sufficient to show that there are considerable anomalies probably associated with the volcanic rocks. The velocity of compressional seismic waves in the coral cap is 2$\cdot $5 to 3$\cdot $1 km/s, whilst the volcanic rocks give 4 to 5$\frac{1}{2}$ km/s. Measurements in the surrounding deep water give a velocity of about 8$\cdot $1 km/s at a depth of 10 km near Bermuda, and 13 km near Bikini. Over this velocities of 6$\cdot $9 km/s (Bermuda) and 6$\cdot $5 km/s (Bikini) were found. All the results appear to be consistent with the view that the islands have a volcanic core which constitutes a load on the sea floor. This load and the necessity of filling the space vacated by the lava causes a gradual sinking of the crust to produce a regional isostatic adjustment.
Factors Affecting Pasture Intake and Total Dry Matter Intake in Grazing Dairy Cows

We investigated the most relevant variables for estimating pasture intake and total dry matter (DM) intake in grazing dairy cows using 27 previously published studies. Variables compared were pasture allowance, days in milk, amount of forage, amount of concentrate and total supplementation, pasture allowance and supplementation interaction, fat-corrected milk, body weight (BW), metabolic BW, daily change in BW, percentage of legumes in pasture, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents of pasture, and NDF in pasture selected. The variables were selected using stepwise regression analysis for total DM intake and pasture DM intake. Variables selected in the total DM intake regression equation (R2 = 0.95) were pasture allowance, total supplementation, interaction of pasture allowance and supplementation, fat-corrected milk, BW, daily change in BW, percentage of legumes and pasture NDF content. Pasture DM intake regression equation (R2 = 0.90) was similar to total DM intake equation, but supplementation coefficient was negative, showing substitution effect in supplementing grazing cows. The intake of NDF as a percentage of BW was higher than 1.3% when considering NDF content of the pasture allowance. Low pasture allowance groups had values higher than 1.3%.
Sexual harassment: Why the corporate world still doesn't “Get It”

This paper shows that in order to understand and to resolve the problem of sexual harassment in the workplace, the corporate world will have to relinquish some myths. Sexual harassment does not result from ignorance about fact or law. It is not merely a cultural, gender, or communication problem. It is a problem which will be resolved only when the corporate world recognizes that sexual harassment is a moral problem and provides moral education for employees. Until then, it will remain an explosive problem for communication specialists.
Micro machining glass with polycrystalline diamond tools shaped by micro electro discharge machining

Brittle materials are difficult to mechanically micro machine due to damage resulting from material removal by brittle fracture, cutting force-induced tool deflection or breakage and tool wear. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of micro machining glass materials with polycrystalline diamond (PCD) micro tools that are prepared in a variety of shapes using non-contact micro electro discharge machining. The PCD tools contain randomly distributed sharp protrusions of diamond with dimensions around 1 µm that serve as cutting edges for micro machining grooves in soda-lime glass and pockets in ultra-low expansion glass. Results indicate that smooth surfaces are obtained with process conditions allowing material removal by ductile regime cutting instead of brittle fractures, and the PCD tools show very little wear. With further improvements in material removal rate, micro machining with PCD tools is a promising approach for producing micro molds and micro fluidic devices in glass materials.
Structural biology: Aerial view of the HIV genome

A bird's-eye view of the higher-order structure of HIV-1's entire RNA genome reveals new motifs in surprising places. Structural biologists can now zoom in on these regions to explore their functions further.
Traditional and more "exotic" .NET languages: VB .NET, J#, C# and SML .NET

We study the .NET platform, various .NET languages and their interoperability (with an emphasis on C# and SML .NET), compare C# and Java 1.5, and develop related educational material to be used in a Programming Paradigms course. Introducing .NET - one platform supporting different paradigms - in such a course seems to be a unique experience in Computer Science Education. It may be a motivating factor for students to learn new programming languages.
Differential patterns of T cell clonal deletion in neonatal H-2 tolerance and I-E/Mls induced self-tolerance

Abstract The pattern of clonal deletion of putative I-E-reactive (Vβ11) and Mls-reactive (Vβ3) T cells was evaluated and compared by cytofluorographic and immunohistochemical methods in a model of neonatal H-2 tolerance and in I-E- or Mls-bearing strains of mice which normally delete these cell populations (self-tolerance). The ontogeny of deletion of Vβ11 + cells was studied by evaluating thymic changes from birth until maturity in B10.S (H-2 s /I-E − ), B10.A (H-2 k/d /I-E + ) and B10.S mice intravenously infused at birth with (B10.S×B10.A) F 1 lymphohaematopoietic cells. The reduction in Vβ11 + cells was most prevalent in the medullary region of the naive B10.A and neonatally injected B10.S animals and was corroborated by flow cytometry which demonstrated a marked reduction in single CD4 and CD8 positive Vβ11 T cells when compared to naive B10.S mice. However, immunohistochemistry illustrated that ‘deletion’ was never complete since Vβ11 + cells remained in the thymic cortex and splenic lymphoid follicles. By comparison, DBA/2 mice (Mls c+ and previously documented to have decreased levels of Vβ3 + cells) showed a different pattern of deletion of Vβ3 + T cells than what was found for T cells bearing Vβ11 in animals deleting this population. DBA/2 thymi contained fewer thymic Vβ3 + cells and there was more complete elimination of these cells, particularly in the periphery, by flow cytometry and immunohistology. The mice which do not delete Vβ3 cells (Mls c− ) showed that the majority of Vβ3 + cells were located in the medulla with a few cells distributed in the cortical region. This pattern was notably different than the distribution of Vβ11 cells in thymi. Despite their location by histology, the majority of remaining Vβ3 + cells were dual CD4/CD8 positive (CD4 + CD8 + ) by flow cytometric analysis. Our data illustrate that Vβ11 and Vβ3 T cells appear to be eliminated (i.e. ‘deleted’) at similar stages of maturation (single positive) during self-tolerance as well as in a neonatal H-2 tolerance model. However, the degree of elimination and the location of the cells remaining in these mice is dramatically different, depending on which T cell population is being evaluated and which deleting ligand is presented intrathymically. Thus, the accepted tenet of dual CD4 + CD8 + cells localizing to the thymic cortex appears to have exceptions. Moreover, the variable efficacy with which T cells are eliminated in the thymus may be an important determinant that influences a host's capacity to manifest long-term tolerance to a particular alloantigen.
Collaboration as Resistance? Reconsidering the processes, products, and possibilities of feminist oral history and ethnography

As multiple norths emerge in the so-called souths (and vice versa) and non-government organizations (NGOs) become important partners in knowledge production, it becomes imperative for feminist actors to envision new collaborative methodologies that can simultaneously resist the ‘deradicalization of feminist politics’ in the increasingly corporatized academy as well as in the increasingly donor-driven, professionalized, and state-identified NGO sector. Based on an extensive reading of literature on oral history and critical ethnography, this viewpoint identifies four interrelated areas where reflexive interventions by feminist collaborators working across geographical, sociopolitical and institutional borders can advance such a project: rethinking the relationships between processes and products of collaboration; more conscious interweaving of the collaborative theories and methodologies; producing knowledges that can travel across the borders of academia/NGOs/people's movements; and reimagining reciprocit...
Operation Data for Evaluating Benefits and Costs of Advanced Traffic Management Components

Economic measures are important to allow traffic management agencies to select between investment and operation alternatives based on the benefits and costs of these alternatives. However, previous studies have either evaluated the benefits and costs of the management systems as a whole, without considering their individual components, or focused on the evaluation of the service patrol programs. The use of a detailed intelligent transportation systems operation data set is illustrated in the evaluation of the economic effectiveness of the individual components of traffic management programs. The analyzed components include the service patrol program, closed circuit television (CCTV) camera subsystem, dynamic message sign system (DMS) and advanced traveler information subsystem (ATIS), and the severe incident response vehicle (SIRV) program. The results showed that for the evaluated system, the SIRV program provided the highest benefit-cost ratio, followed by the CCTV camera subsystem and service patrol pr...
Underfill of flip chip on organic substrate: viscosity, surface tension, and contact angle

Abstract In flip-chip packaging, an underfill is dispensed on one or two adjacent sides of the die. The underfill is driven by a capillary flow to fill the gap between the die and substrate. The application of an underfill reduces the stress to solder bumps and enhances the reliability of the solder joints. Underfill materials consist of epoxy or cyanate ester resins, catalyst, crosslinker, wetting agent, pigment, and fillers. Underfill materials are highly filled with the filler loading ranging from 40% to 70%. In terms of underfill material processing, fast flow and curing are desired for high throughput. The viscosity, surface tension, and contact angle are key material properties affecting the gap filling process. In order to achieve fast filling, it is required that an underfill material has low viscosity and low contact angle at dispensing temperatures. Due to curing of an underfill material at dispensing temperature, the viscosity increases with time, which complicates the underfill flow process. The rheological behavior of several underfill materials was experimentally studied. All the underfill materials showed strong temperature dependence in viscosity before the curing. The time dependent viscosity and curing of underfill materials were examined by a dynamic time sweep test. The effects of viscosity and curing behavior of underfill materials on underfill material processing were investigated. The material with a longer gel time had more stable viscosity at room temperature, and therefore longer pot life. Experimental methods were developed to measure the surface tension and the contact angle of underfills at temperatures over 100 °C. Results showed that the contact angle for underfill on a substrate was time dependent. The interaction between underfill and substrate affects not only gap filling, but also filleting. The effect of surface energies of flip-chip substrates on wetting angles was also studied. Experiment results showed that for the same underfill, the higher the surface energy of substrate, the better the filleting.
Efficient representation of NaI(Tl) and proportional counter pulse-height spectra

Abstract A nonlinear energy interval representation of pulse-height spectra for NaI(Tl) and proportional counters has been developed which results in the peaks for all monoenergetic radiation being the same number of energy intervals wide. This representation preserves the general-shape characteristics of spectra while substantially reducing the number of intervals required to represent a spectrum. This technique is suggested as a spectral transformation to precede least-squares data reduction procedures.
LH/hCG-stimulated androgen production and selective HDL-cholesterol transport are inhibited by a dominant-negative CREB construct in primary cultures of rat theca-interstitial cells

Theca-interstitial (T-I) cells synthesize androgens that are converted to estrogen by the granulosa cells. In rat ovary, T-I cells primarily utilize HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE) as a precursor for androgen synthesis. The HDL-CE is delivered to steroidogenic cells by a process termed “selective” uptake in which CE is internalized without the simultaneous uptake of apolipoprotein(s). This process is mediated by an HDL receptor, scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) and is stimulated by trophic hormone (LH/hCG), which also activates the cAMP cascade. In this study, we tested whether the adenoviral (Ad)-mediated introduction of a dominant-negative analog of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (A-CREB) inhibits the stimulatory effect of LH/hCG on the selective uptake of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and androgen production in primary cultures of rat T-I cells. Androstenedione production by cultured T-I cells was stimulated by hCG and by the adenoviral overexpression of wtCREB. Additionally, the stimulatory effect observed with hCG was amplified in the presence of HDL. Androgen synthesis was increased 17-fold in the presence of HDL and hCG but the stimulatory effect of hCG was inhibited by Ad A-CREB by approx 70%. In the selective uptake studies, cell-surface association of the labeled HDL was significantly enhanced by hCG treatment, and this effect was inhibited by Ad A-CREB. The selective uptake of HDL-cholesterol was also enhanced by hCG but exposure to Ad A-CREB also abrogated this effect. It is concluded that CREB plays an intermediary role in the stimulatory action of LH/hCG on androgen synthesis and the selective uptake of HDL-cholesterol in T-I cells.