cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin And Osmoreceptor Inputs To The Area Postrema: Role In Long‐Term Control Of Fluid Homeostasis And Arterial Pressure

1. The role of the area postrema (AP) in the long-term control of body fluid homeostasis and arterial pressure under conditions of increased dietary salt intake is reviewed. A model is proposed in which sympathetic nerve activity is suppressed when dietary salt is increased. It is hypothesized that the AP acts as an essential integrative site in the hind-brain for this response. 2. An essential component of the hypothesis is that basal levels of circulating angiotensin II support arterial pressure in animals consuming a normal salt diet by acting on the AP to drive sympathetic nerve activity. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that the long-term hypotensive response to losartan, the AT1 receptor antagonist, is attenuated in AP-lesioned (APx) rats. 3. The role of hepatoportal sodium receptors in signalling the AP about changes in dietary salt intake is discussed. Intragastric hypertonic saline infusion increases portal venous, but not systemic plasma, osmolality and increases Fos-like immunoreactivity in the AP, nucleus tractus solitarius and the supraoptic, paraventricular and lateral parabrachial nuclei. Other studies have shown that stimulation of these receptors decreases renal sympathetic nerve activity. 4. The hypothesis that the AP is critical in long-term control of arterial pressure and body fluid homeostasis under conditions of altered dietary salt intake was studied. The responses of arterial pressure and sodium and water balance to changes in dietary salt intake were measured in intact and APx rats. Contrary to the hypothesis, APx rats did not exhibit impaired regulation of arterial pressure or water balance. However, APx rats did demonstrate an impaired ability to excrete sodium when salt intake was elevated. 5. Based on these observations, it is concluded that the AP is important in the control of sodium balance, but not arterial pressure, when dietary salt intake is altered.
Literary Aesthetics and the Black Woman Writer

There is a need to establish how the aesthetics of the Black woman writer adds to the universal pool of African aesthetics. The cohesiveness of African-American culture, in all of its dimensions, is established by many streams of thought. This article elaborates on this unity by demonstrating how the aesthetic concerns of AfricanAmericans are reflected in the writing of Black women. In the course of a general discussion of the literary aesthetics of the African-American woman writer, this article introduces the characteristics of African culture as they relate to the American situation. In Janheinz Jahn's Muntu (1961: 133, 135), the concept of Nommo, the productive power of the word is introduced. It is important to see that Africans took the European languages and made them African in their interpretation. Therefore, a major aspect of the Black writer's style is a response to Nommo. Black male writers such as Larry Neal often use Nommo as an energetic force in their own works. There is a sense of metamorphosis in the words of Larry Neal's poem, "For Our Women" (1968: 310):
Two Staphylinine Species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) New to Korea

Philonthus mercurii Tikhomirova and Indoquedius juno Sharp are reported for the first time in Korea. Diagnoses and illustrations of habitus and aedeagus of two species are presented.
Factors affecting hemolysin production byVibrio vulnificus

Factors affecting the hemolytic activity ofVibrio vulnificus cultures supernatant fluids against sheep erythrocytes were studied in order to optimize conditions and develop an assay system to assess the pathogenic potential of marineV. vulnificus strains. The heat-labile hemolysin produced during logarithmic growth ofV. vulnificus was produced optimally in heart infusion broth (HIB). Lesser amounts of hemolysin were produced in brain-heart infusion and tryptic soy broths. Hemolytic activity of HIB cultures decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations. Higher NaCl concentrations were found to affect hemolysin production but not its activity. The assay system described herein is a simple and rapid method that is being applied to the study of the pathogenic potential ofV. vulnificus strains from marine environments.
RecA-assisted rapid enrichment of specific clones from model DNA libraries.

An approach to library screening is being developed, in which the desired clone is "fished" out of a mixture of all the recombinants in a library with a RecA-coated probe. In the current embodiment of this method, we used as a probe the (+) strand of an M13 phage containing a fragment of the human albumin gene and a (dA)49 stretch. We screened a library of two plasmids, one containing the same albumin fragment as the probe, and one heterologous to the probe in 50-100 fold molar excess. The plasmids were linearized. Probe and library were reacted in the presence of RecA, the mixture was loaded onto an oligo(dT) column, which retained the probe-target complex by base-repairing to the dAs of the probe, the uncaptured plasmids were washed, and the probe-target complex was released from the column, religated and propagated into E. coli. Recovery of the homologous target was 15-28%, and enrichment for the homologous plasmid was 200 to 400-fold. This approach may provide a general method for expedited DNA library screening.
Measuring Ignition Temperature and Heat Generation From Moist Propane-Oxygen Mixtures on Platinum

The surface temperature and heat generation from reactions of propane-water-oxygen-nitrogen mixtures on a platinum wire catalyst were determined using microcalorimetry. A 127 micron diameter, 99.95% pure Pt coiled wire was placed crosswise in the quartz tube of a plug flow reactor. A precision sourcemeter with a four-lead technique allowed the platinum wire to measure its average temperature by serving as a resistance thermometer, and enabled us to determine the amount of heat generated from surface reactions. Ignition temperatures varied from 450 to 500 K and heat generation from 0.8 to 11.5 W/cm2 depending on the absolute amounts of propane and oxygen, the propane:water ratio, and the fuel-oxygen equivalence ratio. As propane:water molar ratios reached 70:30, the temperature required to initiate surface reactions was as much as 6K higher. No clear effect of water addition on the release of energy due to surface reactions was observed; values were within 2% to 3% agreement between wet and dry experiments. These experimental results aid in understanding the heat transfer processes of catalytic igniters used to ignite fuel-lean mixtures.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Within-host evolution of CD8+-TL epitopes encoded by overlapping and non-overlapping reading frames of simian immunodeficiency virus

Summary: In order to understand the impact of overlapping reading frames on natural selection by host CD8+ T lymphocytes (CD8+-TL), we analyzed the pattern of nucleotide substitution in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) genomes sampled from populations at time of death in 35 rhesus monkeys. Both the mean number of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions per nonsynonymous site (dN) and the mean number of synonymous nucleotide substitutions per synonymous site (dS) were elevated in overlap regions in comparison to non-overlap regions. Mean dN exceeded mean dS in CD8+-TL epitopes restricted by the host's class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. This pattern, which is indicative of positive Darwinian selection favoring amino acid changes in these epitopes, was seen in both overlap and non-overlap regions; but mean dN was particularly elevated in restricted CD8+-TL epitopes encoded in overlap regions. Amino acid changes from the inoculum were defined as parallel if the same amino acid change occurred at the same site independently in two or more monkeys, and a surprisingly high proportion (71.9%) of observed amino acid changes throughout the SIV genome occurred in parallel in different monkeys. The proportion of parallel changes in restricted epitopes encoded by overlapping reading frames was still higher (80%), supporting the hypothesis that the interaction of positive selection and overlapping reading frames enhances the probability of convergent or parallel amino acid change. Contact: austin@biol.sc.edu
Quantum Hall states in graphene from strain-induced nonuniform magnetic fields

We examine strain-induced quantized Landau levels in graphene. Specifically, arc-bend strains are found to cause nonuniform pseudomagnetic fields. Using an effective Dirac model which describes the low-energy physics around the nodal points, we show that several of the key qualitative properties of graphene in a strain-induced pseudomagnetic field are different compared to the case of an externally applied physical magnetic field. We discuss how using different strain strengths allows us to spatially separate the two components of the pseudospinor on the different sublattices of graphene. These results are checked against a tight-binding calculation on the graphene honeycomb lattice, which is found to exhibit all the features described. Furthermore, we find that introducing a Hubbard repulsion on the mean-field level induces a measurable polarization difference between the $A$ and the $B$ sublattices, which provides an independent experimental test of the theory presented here.
A COMPREHENSIVE MODEL FOR OIL SPILL SIMULATION

ABSTRACT The On-Scene-Spill Model (OSCM) is a portable, interactive, environmental simulation system for the rapid modeling of pollutant trajectories in the marine environment. Inputs to the OSSM include the physical locations of the spill, coastal outlines, bathymetry, oceanographic and meteorological observations, and other environmental data. The output from this model consists of both Calcomp and printer graphics, summaries of initialized data, and checkpoint files. The user can request detailed information about data and model parameters. Typical initialization setup time is about 3 hours. The model can be run in different modes depending on the data bases used, including a climatological mode to assess long-term transport, a tactical mode to assess short-term transport, and a receptor mode. It allows the user to utilize variable time and space scales to resolve the physical transport processes, consistent with available data. This is accomplished by the use of multiple embedded submodels in the main...
MHD simulations of coronal mass ejections - Importance of the driving mechanism

The importance of the form of the driving mechanism in MHD simulations of coronal mass ejections is investigated. A model simulation problem is devised, and it is found that the use of a simple form for the initial corona, with an upward moving parcel of cold, dense plasma as the driving mechanism, can produce results that are consistent with many of the features observed by coronagraphs. The results imply that the nature of the driving mechanism may play an important role in determining the dynamical evolution of mass ejections.
Estimation of baseflow recession constants

Hydrograph recession constants are required in rainfall-runoff models, baseflow augmentation studies, geohydrologic investigations and in regional low-flow studies. The recession portion of a streamflow hydrograph is shown to be either an autoregressive process or an integrated moving average process, depending upon the structure of the assumed model errors. Six different estimators of the baseflow recession constant are derived and tested using thousands of hydrograph recessions available at twenty-three sites in Massachusetts, U.S. When hydrograph recessions are treated as an autoregressive process, unconditional least squares or maximum likelihood estimators of the baseflow recession constant are shown to exhibit significant downward bias due to the short lengths of hydrograph recessions. The precision of estimated of hydrograph recession constants is shown to depend heavily upon assumptions regarding the structure of the model errors. In general, regression procedures for estimating hydrograph recession parameters are generally preferred to the time-series alternatives. An evaluation of the physical significance of estimates of the baseflow recession constant is provided by comparing regional regression models which relate low-flow statistics to three independent variables: drainage area, basin slope and the baseflow recession constant. As anticipated, approximately unbiased estimators of the baseflow recession constant provide significant information regarding the geohydrologic response of watersheds.
A case-crossover study of wintertime ambient air pollution and infant bronchiolitis

We examined the association of infant bronchiolitis with acute exposure to ambient air pollutants. Design We employed a time-stratified case–crossover method and based the exposure windows on a priori, biologically based hypotheses.
Computation of nonequilibrium hypersonic flowfields around hemisphere cylinders

Hypersonic flows past hemisphere cylinders at zero incidence in chemical and thermal nonequilibrium are investigated for a range of Mach numbers from 10 to 18. The numerical code shows excellent comparison for surface pressure and heat transfer prediction with recent experiments conducted in a shock tunnel. The numerical code also compares well for stagnation point heat flux predictions at altitudes of 22 and 37 km with a set of earlier experiments. Numerical solutions with the vibrational equilibrium model are compared with those of multitemperature nonequilibrium. The stagnation point heat transfer is 10-23% higher for the nonequilibrium solutions in the Mach number range of 12-18. The importance of a multitemperature model for accurate prediction of stagnation properties, particularly the heat transfer, is noted. The variation in computed shockstandoff distance substantiates that the Mach number independence principle applicable to ideal gases does not hold for dissociating flows. Over the range of Mach numbers, the noticeable influence of vibrational relaxation on the temperature distributions and mass concentrations in the vicinity of shocks is shown in the present study.
Cyclopropyne and Silacyclopropyne: A World of Difference

The lowest singlet and triplet states of cyclopropyne and silacyclopropyne have been investigated using ab initio electronic structure models. Employing DZP and TZ(2df,2pd) basis sets, optimum geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies have been obtained with the following methods: restricted Hartree-Fock or self-consistent-field (SCF), two-configuration self-consistent-field (TCSCF), single and double excitation configuration interaction (CISD) and coupled cluster (CCSD), and CCSD incorporating perturbative estimates of connected triple excitations [CCSD(T)]. Although silacyclopropyne has been observed via matrix isolation, cyclopropyne remains a high-lying saddle point on the C{sub 3}H{sub 2} potential energy surface. Structural and electronic differences between these two molecules are explored. The triplet states of cyclopropyne and silacyclopropyne are minima on their potential energy surfaces and lie higher in energy than the corresponding singlet states, by 10 and 40 kcal mol{sup -1}, respectively. 60 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.
Salt marsh hydrology data web site facilitates research

The interface between maritime forests and inter-tidal salt marshes along the southeastern coast of the United States is a major ecological boundary characterized by a sequence of botanical zones that typically consist of pine/ oak forest>Iva>Juncus>Salicornia>Spartina. In addition to questions regarding the physical and chemical factors that govern this ecotone, this interface is of interest because of the potential for groundwater flow to transfer nutrients and pollutants from developed uplands to the adjacent marshes. The interface is also of interest because it is presumably migrating upslope as a result of ongoing sea level rise and concomitant aquifer salinization. A new Web site, http://links.baruch.sc.edu/data/GRNDWATER/data/data.htm, contains long-term and spatially dense measurements of groundwater heads and salinity from a network of nested piezometers that has been installed along three forest-marsh transects across the Crab Haul Creek finger marsh basin at the North Inlet-Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Georgetown County South Carolina (Figure 1).
Sustainability of intervention effects of an evidence-based HIV prevention intervention for African American women who smoke crack cocaine

Abstract Background HIV prevention intervention efficacy is often assessed in the short term. Thus, we conducted a long-term (mean 4.4 years) follow-up of a woman-focused HIV intervention for African American crack smokers, for which we had previously observed beneficial short-term gains. Methods 455 out-of-treatment African American women in central North Carolina participated in a randomized field experiment and were followed up to determine sustainability of intervention effects across three conditions: the woman-focused intervention, a modified NIDA intervention, and a delayed-treatment control condition. We compared these groups in terms of HIV risk behavior at short-term follow-up (STFU; 3–6 months) and long-term follow-up (LTFU; average 4 years). Results The analyses revealed two distinct groups at STFU: women who either eliminated or greatly reduced their risk behaviors (low-risk class) and women who retained high levels of risk across multiple risk domains (high-risk class). At STFU, women in the woman-focused intervention were more likely to be in the low HIV risk group than the women in control conditions, but this effect was not statistically significant at LTFU. However, low-risk participants at STFU were less likely to be retained at LTFU, and this retention rate was lowest among women in the woman-focused intervention. Conclusions Short-term intervention effects were not observed over 4 years later, possibly due to differential retention across conditions. The retention of the highest risk women presents an opportunity to extend intervention effects through booster sessions for these women.
Ammonia Generation over TWC for Passive SCR NOX Control for Lean Gasoline Engines

A commercial three-way catalyst (TWC) was evaluated for ammonia (NH3) generation on a 2.0-liter BMW lean burn gasoline direct injection engine as a component in a passive ammonia selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system. The passive NH3 SCR system is a potential low cost approach for controlling nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions from lean burn gasoline engines. In this system, NH3 is generated over a close-coupled TWC during periodic slightly rich engine operation and subsequently stored on an underfloor SCR catalyst. Upon switching to lean, NOX passes through the TWC and is reduced by the stored NH3 on the SCR catalyst. NH3 generation was evaluated at different air-fuel equivalence ratios at multiple engine speed and load conditions. Near complete conversion of NOX to NH3 was achieved at =0.96 for nearly all conditions studied. At the =0.96 condition, HC emissions were relatively minimal, but CO emissions were significant. Operation at AFRs richer than =0.96 did not provide more NH3 yield and led to higher HC and CO emissions. Results of the reductant conversion and consumption processes were used to calculate a representative fuel consumption of the engine operating with an ideal passive SCR system. The results show a 1-7% fuel economy benefit at more » various steady-state engine speed and load points relative to a stoichiometric engine operation. « less
Laboratory Evaluations of Erectile Dysfunction: An Evidence Based Approach

ABSTRACTPurpose: We evaluate the prevalence of laboratory abnormalities in men presenting for initial evaluation and therapy of erectile dysfunction.Materials and Methods: The computerized charts o...
Ascending Colon Response to Feeding: Evidence for a 5-Hydroxytryptamine-3 Mechanism

Background: The role of serotonergic type-3 receptors in proximal human colon is unclear. Our aims were to assess the postprandial volume and emptying of the ascending colon and to explore the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5HT3) mechanisms. Methods: In healthy subjects with unprepared colons we evaluated in a randomized trial the effects of the 5HT3 antagonist ondansetron (n = 5) or placebo (n = 5) on ascending colon volume and emptying, using a scintigraphic method. Results: Base-line ascending colon volumes were similar and were unaltered by ondansetron. After a 1000-kcal liquid meal the placebo group showed a variable change in volume (P = NS versus base line) during the first 25 min (median, -4%; range, -13% to 135%). Increases in volume during this period coincided with ileal emptying of chyme. During a second phase (30-105 min) there was a significant decrease of ascending colon volume (P = 0.02) relative to the early postprandial volume, but the volume was not significantly different from base lin...
The turbid specimen as an analytical medium: hemoglobin determination as a model

Abstract The quantitation of chemical constituents in lipemic samples is a major problem confronting the clinical laboratory. Currently, a number of cumbersome and timeconsuming methods are used to clarify samples before analysis. However, the use of enzymic hydrolysis of triglycerides along with efficient chemical removal of the formed non-esterified fatty acids is exemplified here as an excellent alternative to the current methods of clarification such as ultracentrifugation, extraction or chemical precipitation of low density and very low density lipoproteins. This method of clarifying milky serum has been used by us to assay hemoglobin in severely lipemic blood samples as an analytical model.
Complications of Enteral Nutrition in Hospitalized Patients with Artificial Airways

This study investigated complications of enteral feeding in hospitalized patients with artificial airways. A prospective chart review, using a descriptive design. was used in this study of 51 inpatients in a large southeastern teaching hospital. A low (5.9%) incidence of pulmonary aspiration was found Diarrhea was also found to be an infrequent complication (2%). The most common complication in this sample was interruption in continuous tube feedings: 24 patients (47%) experienced such interruptions, resulting in potential underfeeding. Further investigation of the adequacy of nutrition of hospitalized tube-fed patients with artificial airways is necessary to determine clinical significance.
Compressibility and stability of icosahedral Al-Mn up to 28 GPa

The equation of state of icosahedral ${\mathrm{Al}}_{86}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{14}$ (i-Al-Mn) at room temperature has been determined up to \ensuremath{\sim}28 GPa using diamond-anvil x-ray powder-diffraction techniques. The i-Al-Mn remained icosahedral over this pressure range; no phase transition was observed. The measured compression of the two strongest observed i-Al-Mn diffraction peaks (100000) and (110001), was isotropic within the measurement error: d(110001)/d(100000)=1.776\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006. The pressure-volume data were least-squares fit to a finite-strain equation of state to determine the zero-pressure bulk modulus, ${K}_{0}$=117.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}16.8 GPa, and its pressure derivative, ${K}_{0}^{\mathcal{'}}$=6.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.4. .AE
High performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of homocysteine in human plasma using a water-soluble phosphine reducing agent and fluorogenic derivatization

Total homocysteine in human plasma was determined by reducing plasma disulfides to thiols using a water-soluble reducing agent, tris-(carboxyethyl)-phosphine (TCEP) at room temperature for 10 minutes. Reduced plasma samples were derivatized using the thiol-specific fluorogenic reagent 4-(aminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (ABD-F) in borate borate buffer. The derivatized homocysteine, cysteine, glutathione, and Cys-Gly peptide were separated within 10 minutes using a reserved-phase column with an isocratic elution method, giving detection sensitivity in the low picomole level.
Pinnixid Crabs in the Diet of Young-of-the-Year Copper Rockfish (Sebastes caurinus)

Abstract Pinnixa faba and Pinnixa littoralis ranked third and seventh, respectively, in the list of major food items in the diet of young-of-the-year copper rockfish from an artificial reef in South Humboldt Bay, California. Previously, P. faba and P. littoralis have been described as being primarily internal commensals of marine pelecypods and as such were not considered an important food of finfish.
A hamiltonian structure of KP hierarchy, W1+∞ algebra, and self-dual gravity☆

Abstract It is well known that the second hamiltonian structures for the (N−1)th generalized KdV hierarchy (of An type) are isomorphic to the classical WN algebra for finite N(⩾2). Here we construct an analogue of the first structures for the KP hierarchy in its pseudo-differential operator formalism L = D+D −1 ν 1 +D −2 ν 2 +D −3 ν 3 +… , and show that the corresponding Poisson brackets are given by the W1+∞ algebra with no central charge. Its implication to the quantization of 4D self-dual gravity is briefly discussed.
Healing Surface Defects with Nanoparticle-Filled Polymer Coatings: Effect of Particle Geometry

Using computational models, we investigate how the aspect ratio of nanoparticle fillers within a polymer coating affects the ability of the film to heal nanoscale defects in the underlying substrate. We first consider the interactions between the filled polymer melt and a flat surface and show that the depletion attraction between the nanoparticles and this substrate depends strongly on this aspect ratio. In particular, the rodlike particles experience a significantly stronger attraction to the substrate than spherical fillers. We quantify these interactions by measuring the effective potential between a particle and surface as well as between two particles in the melt. We then consider the case of a surface that contains a nanoscopic notch, which represents the damaged region. We show how tailoring the particles' aspect ratio provides a means of optimizing the localization of the particles into the notch. Morphologies obtained from molecular dynamics simulations are then used as input to a lattice spring...
Evidence for the impact of aerosols on the onset and microphysical properties of rainfall from a combination of satellite observations and cloud‐resolving model simulations

[1] Satellite rainfall estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) and microwave imager (TMI) exhibit large differences off the coast of China and extending east across the North Pacific storm track. These differences suggest the modification of precipitating clouds on a large scale with potentially important implications for seasonal rainfall estimates. Coincident TRMM/ CloudSat observations for a case from 3 April 2007 show striking differences in both rain area and rainfall intensity from the TMI, PR, and CloudSat retrievals. Observations from the 94-GHz CloudSat radar, which is highly sensitive to the onset of rain, confirm the presence of widespread light rain/drizzle containing relatively small drops below the ∼ 17 dBZ PR detection threshold. For pixels with reflectivities above the PR detection threshold, large differences are present in the satellite rain intensity estimates, which are consistent with either a decrease in the mean drop size, an increase in ratio of cloud water to rainwater, or both. To explore the potential link between aerosols and the observed changes in the observed cloud microphysics, idealized cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulations initialized for the 3 April 2007 case are performed. The model results are generally consistent with the observations indicating high aerosol concentrations leading to an overall increase in the ratio of cloud water to rainwater for developed systems, as well as a delay in the onset of warm rain. The simulations also show an initial decrease in the mean raindrop size, although larger drops develop later leading to an overall increase in the total rainfall accumulation. On the basis of the combination of observations and CRM simulations, therefore, it is hypothesized that the observed differences may be due to an increase in the ratio of cloud water to rainwater leading to an overestimate in rain intensity by the CloudSat/TMI retrievals and/or a decrease in the mean drop size leading to an underestimate by the PR retrieval.
The dynamics of entangled polymers

Dynamique de chaines polymeriques lineaires en solutions concentree. Etude basee sur le modele de reptation de de Gennes
A biface and blade core efficiency experiment: implications for Early Paleoindian technological organization

Abstract Early Paleoindians often are described as highly mobile hunter–gatherers who employed lithic technologies designed to minimize stone transport costs. We experimentally reduced blade and bifacial cores and found both reduction strategies to be equally efficient for the production of useable flake blanks. Further, when compared to similar core reduction experiments, the results of this study showed no significant differences in core efficiency between bifacial, prismatic blade, and wedge-shaped blade core reduction. Biface and blade cores with initial weights greater than 1000 g produced useable flakes as efficiently as informal cores. However, bifacial and blade core efficiency decreased with initial core weight. When considered in terms of Early Paleoindian technological organization, differences in core efficiencies suggest that Folsom groups employed core reduction strategies designed to minimize stone transport costs, but Clovis groups did not.
Effect of precision of ST-segment measurement on identification and quantification of coronary artery disease by the ST/HR index

Abstract To assess the effect of varying precision of ST-segment depression measurement on test performance of the ST-segment/heart rate (ST/HR) index for the identification and quantification of coronary artery disease, the exercise electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 100 clinically normal subjects and 154 patients with angiographically proved coronary disease were reviewed. The ST/HR index was calculated by dividing the maximal additional ST-segment depression at end exercise by the exercise-induced change in heart rate. ST-segment depression was measured to the nearest 10 (μV (ST 10) at a point 60 ms after the J point on a computerized exercise ECG system, and was subsequently rounded down to the nearest 50 μV (ST50) and the nearest 100 μV (ST100) to simulate measurements to these precisions. An ST10/HR index partition of 1.60 μV/bpm with a specificity of 95% (95/100) in normal subjects identified the presence of coronary disease with a sensitivity of 94% (144/154). Precision of ST-segment measurement significantly affected sensitivity for coronary disease. At matched specificity of 95%, an ST50/HR index partition of 1.55 μV/bpm had a sensitivity of 88% (135/154, p
Relationships among student and graduate caring ability and professional school climate.

This study represents the second phase in a longitudinal study of the development of caring ability in registered nurses. A nationwide sample of female graduates of US baccalaureate nursing programs was resurveyed 3 years after the phase-one survey taken during nursing school. The purpose of the study was to continue an evaluation of several variables contributing to the development of professional caring ability. Previously validated instruments were used to measure caring ability (Caring Ability Inventory), maternal and paternal care (Parental Bonding Instrument), and the caring climate of the respective nursing schools (Charles F. Kettering Ltd. School Climate Profile). Although parental bonding scores remained unchanged from the initial survey, caring ability scores significantly increased after entry into practice (paired student's t test, P < .001). The strongest predictor of postgraduate caring ability was student caring ability scores (r = .58, P < .001). When student caring ability scores were excluded as a potential predictor during stepwise multiple regression analysis, school climate scores were the strongest predictor of postgraduate caring ability (r = .17, P < .05). This suggests that development of professional caring ability is related to caring school environments. Furthermore, caring ability as a student predicts further development of caring ability after entry into practice.
A fine structure study on the organization and innervation of pharyngeal glands and associated ciliated epithelium in the annelid Enchytraeus albidus.

The organization and innervation of pharyngeal glands and associated, ciliated epithelium has been observed in Enchytraeus albidus . Pharyngeal gland cells contain granular endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, microtubules, and secretory granules. Cytoplasmic processes extend from gland cells to the pharyngeal lumen, where they are situated between ciliated epithelial cells. Cellular processes are composed of outer sheath and inner core portions continuous at their origin from the base of gland cells. The central core contains secretory granules and peripherally arranged, longitudinally oriented microtubules. The cellular processes serve to transport secretory products to the pharyngeal lumen in lieu of compound multicellular ducts. Thus they resemble unicellular glands. Epithelial cells juxtaposed to gland cell processes have cilia with a two plus eight filament organization in contrast to a two plus nine organization of cilia found elsewhere. Reference is made to the significance of the fine structure of these glands, associated ciliated epithelium, and innervation.
Real-Time In-Situ Measurement of Slurry Concentration Distribution in Tanks

Ultrasonic signals are well suited for characterization of multiphase fluid properties and flows. The signals are not degraded by noisy process conditions, can penetrate vessel and piping walls, and can be used to interrogate fluids and dense opaque suspensions. This paper presents a simple ultrasonic measurement application that shows the ability of ultrasonic sensors to measure slurry concentration during slurry mixing in tanks. Results from two experiments show the use of real-time measurements of ultrasonic signal attenuation to track the process of slurry mixing in situ and to track the ability to maintain a well mixed steady state condition. Comparison of means of the ultrasonic measurements with means obtained from discrete extractive measurements show that the distributions overlap and cannot be statistically distinguished.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Endovascular options in the treatment of delayed ischemic neurological deficits due to cerebral vasospasm

The second leading cause of death and disability in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is delayed cerebral ischemia due to vasospasm. Although up to 70% of patients have been shown to have angiographic evidence of vasospasm, only 20-30% will present with clinical changes, including mental status changes and neurological deficits that necessitate acute management. Endovascular capabilities have progressed to become viable options in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm. The rationale for intraarterial therapy includes the fact that morbidity and mortality rates have not changed in recent years despite optimized noninvasive medical care. In this report, the authors discuss the most common endovascular options-namely intraarterial vasodilators and transluminal balloon angioplasty-from the standpoint of mechanism, efficacy, limitations, and complications as well as the treatment algorithms for cerebral vasospasm used at our institution.
Tailored resonance dependence on input optical power in silicon microring resonators

We demonstrate the ability to tailor the resonance dependence on input power in silicon microring resonators using a passive technique by utilizing two counteracting processes, free carrier dispersion blueshift and thermo-optic redshift. In our fabricated silicon microring resonators, we achieve an effective blueshift, as well as effective redshift. We also design and fabricate a power insenstive silicon microring that has a five-fold improvement in cavity energy handling capability compared to a regular microring.
DNA BINDING ACTIVITY OF CREB TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS DURING ONTOGENY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Abstract During the early postnatal period, the rat brain contains high basal levels of AP-1 DNA binding activity which declines to the low levels found in the adult by the third postnatal week. Although the individual transcription factors that comprise this AP-1 DNA binding complex had not been identified, we discovered that these proteins were immunoreactive to the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and also recognized the CRE element. The 45 kDa CREB-immunoreactive protein was detected at high levels only during the first postnatal week, CRE and AP-1 DNA binding activities were studies in the olfactory bulb, striatum, hindbrain, hippocampus, hypothalamus and cerebellum. In general, the DNA binding activity correlated with the stage of maturation of the particular brain region. However, basal AP-1 DNA binding in the olfactory bulb from adults remained slightly elevated relative to other brain regions. Interestingly, the DNA binding complex in the olfactory bulb began to include fos-related antigen as well as CREB by the third postnatal week. The fra-containing complex only recognizes the AP-1 element, while the CREB complex can bind to either CRE or AP-1 sequences. Thus, there is crosstalk between the signal transduction systems that activate CREB and AP-1 transcription factors. This elevated CREB DNA binding activity may be a sensitive index for studying the development of the brain and could be involved in modulating the genomic program in differentiating cells.
The early UL31 gene of equine herpesvirus 1 encodes a single-stranded DNA-binding protein that has a nuclear localization signal sequence at the C-terminus

The amino acid sequence of the UL31 protein (UL31P) of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) has homology to that of the ICP8 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Here we show that the UL31 gene is synergistically trans-activated by the IEP and the UL5P (EICP27). Detection of the UL31 RNA transcript and the UL31P in EHV-1-infected cells at 6h post-infection (hpi) as well as metabolic inhibition assays indicated that UL31 is an early gene. The UL31P preferentially bound to single-stranded DNA over double-stranded DNA in gel shift assays. Subcellular localization of the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-UL31 fusion proteins revealed that the C-terminal 32 amino acid residues of the UL31P are responsible for the nuclear localization. These findings may contribute to defining the role of the UL31P single-stranded DNA-binding protein in EHV-1 DNA replication.
Reconceptualizing and Reexamining Suspense as a Predictor of Mediated Sports Enjoyment

Suspense is a driving force behind media entertainment consumption. However, previous explorations of the role of suspense in the enjoyment of mediated sports have not fully relied upon the richness of research from other genres. The current study seeks to correct this oversight by using the lens of fictional drama to reconceptualize and reexamine suspense as a factor in the enjoyment of sports programming. A total of 161 participants viewed and rated 1 of 7 men's basketball games. The results suggest that a measure of the unfolding nature of suspense is a stronger predictor of mediated sports enjoyment than those used previously.
Cognitive and family correlates of current suicidal ideation in children with bipolar disorder

Abstract Background Suicidality among youth with bipolar disorder is an extreme, but largely unaddressed, public health problem. The current study examined the psychosocial characteristics differentiating youth with varying severities of suicidal ideation that may dictate targets for suicide prevention interventions. Methods Participants included 72 youth aged 7–13 (M=9.19, SD=1.61) with DSM-IV-TR bipolar I, II, or NOS and a parent/caregiver. Current suicidal ideation and correlates were assessed at intake, including: demographics and clinical factors (diagnosis, symptom severity, psychiatric comorbidity); child factors (cognitive risk and quality of life); and family factors (parenting stress, family cohesion, and family rigidity). Results Current ideation was prevalent in this young sample: 41% endorsed any ideation, and 31% endorsed active forms. Depression symptoms, quality of life, hopelessness, self-esteem, and family rigidity differentiated youth with increasing ideation severity. Separate logistic regressions examined all significant child- and family-level factors, controlling for demographic and clinical variables. Greater family rigidity and lower self-esteem remained significant predictors of current planful ideation. Diagnosis, index episode, comorbidity, and mania severity did not differentiate non-ideators from those with current ideation. Limitations Limitations include the small sample to examine low base-rate severe ideation, cross-sectional analyses and generalizability of findings beyond the outpatient clinical sample. Conclusions Findings underscore the importance of assessing and addressing suicidality in preadolescent youth with bipolar disorder, before youth progress to more severe suicidal behaviors. Results also highlight child self-esteem and family rigidity as key treatment targets to reduce suicide risk in pediatric bipolar disorder.
Power proximity based key management for secure multicast in ad hoc networks

As group-oriented services become the focal point of ad hoc network applications, securing the group communications becomes a default requirement. In this paper, we address the problem of group access in secure multicast communications for wireless ad hoc networks. We argue that energy expenditure is a scarce resource for the energy-limited ad hoc network devices and introduce a cross-layer approach for designing energy-efficient, balanced key distribution trees to perform key management. To conserve energy, we incorporate the network topology (node location), the "power proximity" between network nodes and the path loss characteristics of the medium in the key distribution tree design. We develop new algorithms for homogeneous as well as heterogeneous environments and derive their computational complexity. We present simulation studies showing the improvements achieved for three different but common environments of interest, thus illustrating the need for cross-layer design approaches for security in wireless networks.
Factors Associated with Differential Uptake of Seasonal Influenza Immunizations Among Underserved Communities During the 2009–2010 Influenza Season

Influenza vaccination coverage remains low and disparities persist. In New York City, a community-based participatory research project (Project VIVA) worked to address this issue in Harlem and the South Bronx by supplementing existing vaccination programs with non-traditional venues (i.e., community-based organizations). We conducted a 10 min survey to assess access to influenza vaccine as well as attitudes and beliefs towards influenza vaccination that could inform intervention development for subsequent seasons. Among 991 participants recruited using street intercept techniques, 63% received seasonal vaccine only, 11% seasonal and H1N1, and 26% neither; 89% reported seeing a health care provider (HCP) during the influenza season. Correlates of immunization among those with provider visits during the influenza season included being US-born, interest in getting the vaccine, concern about self or family getting influenza, an HCP’s recommendation and comfort with government. Among those without an HCP visit, factors associated with immunization included being US born, married, interest in getting the vaccine, understanding influenza information, and concern about getting influenza. Factors associated with lack of interest in influenza vaccine included being born outside the US, Black and uncomfortable with government. In medically underserved areas, having access to routine medical care and understanding the medical implications of influenza play an important role in enhancing uptake of seasonal influenza vaccination. Strategies to improve vaccination rates among Blacks and foreign-born residents need to be addressed. The use of non-traditional venues to provide influenza vaccinations in underserved communities has the potential to reduce health disparities.
Growth and properties of GaAsSb/InGaAs superlattices on InP

Abstract GaAsSb/InGaAs superlattices of varying thicknesses have been grown nominally lattice matched to InP and characterised by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy. Hall measurement, and photoluminescence. These structures exhibit net Hall electron densities of ∽5×10 15 cm -3 at room temperature. X-ray diffraction results demonstrate the existence of an intrinsic interfacial strain between these two materials. Low-temperature photoluminescence in the range 2.3–2.8 μm is consistent with the expected type II band alignment in this system, and allows determination of the band offsets between these materials.
Diversity indices with gamma distributed importance values

Abstract The mean and variance of Simpson's index and the information index of diversity are derived assuming a two-parameter gamma distribution of importance values. The results assume quadrat sampling and do not require counts. Both indices are asymptotically normal except in the equiprobable case. The result holds even if some species do not occur in all quadrats. The information index and its standard error are compared with those obtained by methods of Pielou and Odum using data concerned with time of plowing on the diversity of vegetation. A test for comparing diversities of two populations is suggested.
Resin Flow During the Cure of Fiber Reinforced Composites

Experiments were performed studying resin flow during the cure of fiber reinforced, organic matrix composites using a system in which the resin was simulated by viscous liquids and the fibers either by layers of thin rods or by layers of porous plates. The flow pattern was observed and the flow rate was measured for different applied pressures. The data were compared to the results of the Springer-Loos model and excellent agreement was found bet ween the data and the model.