cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uterine artery atherosclerotic disease: histologic features and clinical correlation.

Objective: To determine whether uterine artery atherosclerosis is associated with known cardiovascular risk factors in women undergoing hysterectomy. Methods: Seventy-four women undergoing hysterectomy between September 1995 and March 1996 were evaluated. Following hysterectomy, samples of the uterine artery were collected for histologic evaluation. Plaque complexity and histologic measurements were compared with regard to known cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Among the 59 premenopausal women, 55.9% had intimal thickening, 40.7% had simple plaques, and 3.7% had complex lesions in the uterine artery samples. Among post-menopausal women, 40% had intimal fibrosis, 20% had simple plaques, and 40% had complex lesions. Postmenopausal status was correlated strongly with the presence of advanced atherosclerotic disease ( P P = .01), intimal area/medial area ( P = .002), intimal area/vessel area ( P = .002), maximal intimal thickness/medial thickness ( P = .01), and significantly less medial thickness ( P P = .04) and postmenopausal women ( P = .01). Patients with electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities had significantly greater intimal/medial area as well ( P = .02). Hypertension was associated with complex lesions among the postmenopausal patients ( P = .01). Preoperative cholesterol levels greater than 200 mg/dL were associated with greater intimal thickness ( P = .05) and intimal thickness/medial thickness ( P = .03). Conclusion: The severity of uterine artery atherosclerosis is significantly correlated with known risk factors for cardiovascular disease: increasing age, postmenopausal status, ECG abnormalities, and hypertension. Uterine artery histologic analysis may provide a means of assessing the degree of atherosclerosis in other, critical, vascular beds.
Electron cytochemical analysis ofChlamydomonas polysaccharides

Conventionally prepared thin sections ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii grown photosynthetically or grown on acetate in the dark showed a pyrenoid surrounded by starch plates located centrally within the chloroplast. Light-grown cells contained few additional granules, whereas dark-grown cells had numerous large deposits. The PATAg technique of Thiery was used to study the chemical nature of these deposits. Dense silver deposition was observed over the granules and plates in both types of cells; dark-grown cells had numerous, large areas of PATAg-reactive material. Other regions of the cells did not have reactive material. Enzymatic digestion with amylases showed that most, but not all, of the PATAg-reactive material was starch. Several small, granular areas remained in both light and dark-grown cells, even after extensive digestion. These results show that growth conditions affect patterns of starch storage and thatChlamydomonas has amylase-insensitive carbohydrate-containing material as well.
Assessing Job Characteristics: When “Perceived” and “Objective” Measures Don't Converge

Personnel psychologists have long asked whether workers' own reports about their jobs (i.e., “perceived” information) resemble more “objective” assessments of their work settings. In the present paper convergence among three methods of assessing several job characteristics was examined. While workers' self-reports were significantly correlated with outsiders', i.e., non-incumbents', ratings, and outsiders' ratings, in turn, with behavioral observations, workers' reports were not correlated with the behavioral measures. Workers' reports about their jobs do not resemble behavioral profiles derived from observing them at work.
Exploiting parallelism in computational science

Abstract The full exploitation of numerical simulation as an independent approach to the solution of engineering and scientific problems requires computing capability far exceeding that which is presently available. In this paper, the computing requirements posed by challenging problems in several disciplines are examined and contrasted with contemporary supercomputer resources. Of the means available to help fill the gap between the demands of computational science and the performance level of present-generation supercomputer systems, parallel processing appears to have the greatest potential for near-term success. Parallel computer architectures are reviewed and categorized according to processing units, memory, and interconnection scheme. Philosophies of parallel processing are discussed. They are distinguished by the number and size of the parallel tasks which they employ. Scientific problems are examined for parallelism inherent at the physical level. Typical algorithms and their mappings onto parallel architectures are discussed. Computational examples are presented to document the performance of scientific applications on present-generation parallel processors. Projections are made concerning software developments and machine architectures.
First-order topological axioms

We exhibit a finite list of first-order axioms which may be used to define topological spaces. For most separation axioms we discover a first-order equivalent statement.
Eosinophil recruitment is associated with IL-5, but not with RANTES, twenty-four hours after allergen challenge

Abstract Several lines of evidence suggest that the chemokine RANTES may play a role in eosinophilia observed during allergic inflammation. To test this hypothesis, six patients with allergic asthma were studied. After performing bronchoalveolar lavage in a lung segment (baseline), segmental bronchoprovocation was performed with saline solution in another segment and with ragweed in a third segment. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 24 hours later in the saline-challenged (sham) and ragweed-challenged lung segments. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from the baseline, sham, and ragweed segments were analyzed for cell counts and for the levels of IL-5, RANTES, and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin. IL-5 levels were elevated in the ragweed (984 ± 588 pg/ml) compared with sham segments (2.8 ± 0.2 pg/ml, p=0.02). Likewise, RANTES levels were elevated in the ragweed (12.93 ± 3.4 pg/ml) compared with the sham segments (3.05 ± 1.19 pg/ml, p=0.006). The IL-5 levels correlated with both eosinophil numbers (r = 0.90, p
Synthesis and characterization of mPEG-PLA prodrug micelles.

Polymeric prodrugs of mPEG−PLA−haloperidol (methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid)) can self-assemble into nanoscale micelle-like structures in aqueous solutions. mPEG−PLA−haloperidol was prepared and characterized using 1H and 13C NMR. The conjugation efficiency was found to be 64.8 ± 21%. Micelles that form spontaneously upon solubilization of the mPEG−PLA and the polymeric prodrugs in water were characterized using a variety of techniques. The mPEG−PLA and prodrug micelles were found to have diameters of 28.73 ± 1.45 and 49.67 ± 4.29 nm, respectively, using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The micelle size and polydispersity were also evaluated with cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and were consistent with the DLS results. Cryo-TEM and proton NMR confirmed that the micelles were spherical in shape. DLS was also used to determine the aggregation numbers of the micelles. The aggregation numbers ranged from 351 to 603. The change in aggregation number was dependent on the tot...
Hyper-polynomial hierarchies and the polynomial jump

Abstract Assuming that the polynomial hierarchy (PH) does not collapse, we show the existence of ascending sequences of ptime Turing degrees of length ω 1 CK in PSPACE such that successors are polynomial jumps of their predecessors. Moreover these ptime degrees are all uniformly hard for PH. This is analogous to the hyperarithmetic hierarchy, which is defined similarly but with the (computable) Turing degrees. The lack of uniform least upper bounds for ascending sequences of ptime degrees causes the limit levels of our hyper-polynomial hierarchy to be inherently non-canonical. This problem is investigated in depth, and various possible structures for hyper-polynomial hierarchies are explicated, as are properties of the polynomial jump operator on the languages which are in PSPACE but not in PH.
Sea Level Rise and Its Impact on Bangladesh

Abstract Global temperature-rise due to the ‘greenhouse’ effect may ultimately cause the sea level to rise as much as 3 m by the year 2100. This study uses mid-range sea-level rise scenarios of 1.5 and 2 m to examine potential socioeconomic impacts on coastal Bangladesh. Topographic and political-administrative maps graphically display the impacts on population distribution and the economy. A valuation technique projects a gradual gross domestic product loss for the regions most affected during the 21st century. The results of this study indicate that steps to be adopted to reduce the actual danger of ocean flooding will at the same time help Bangladesh prepare for sea-level rise.
Autonomous mental development: soaring beyond tradition

This article provides a brief overview of the history of autonomous mental development as a discipline
The WISC-R factoral validity for minority groups and Spearman's hypothesis

Abstract The factoral structure of the WISC-R for groups of Anglo, Black, and Mexican-American children was compared and found to be highly similar across groups. The tests appear to be measuring the same abilities in all three groups. The order of subtest difficulty was not significantly correlated with the subtest g loadings for the Black children but was for the Mexican-Americans. These results provide support for Spearman's hypothesis with Mexican-American children.
Integrating Amazon EC2 with the CMS production framework

As cloud middleware and cloud providers have become more robust, various experiments with experience in Grid submission have begun to investigate the possibility of taking previously Grid-Enabled applications and making them compatible with Cloud Computing. Successful implementation will allow for dynamic scaling of the available hardware resources, providing access to peak-load handling capabilities and possibly resulting in lower costs to the experiment. Here we discuss current work within the CMS collaboration at the LHC to both perform computation on EC2, both for production and analysis use-cases. We also discuss break-even points between dedicated and cloud resources using real-world costs derived from a CMS site.
Theory, experiment, and rationale in the generation of pollutants by combustion

Presently accepted mechanisms believed responsible for the production of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and unburned hydrocarbon in combustion engines are delineated. Failure is demonstrated for equilibrium considerations to explain adequately the phenomena encountered particularly at fuel-lean mixtures. Chemical kinetics appears to be controlling. An absence of reliable kinetic data precludes accurate prediction of exhaust-gas concentrations. Means of control of vehicle-exhaust emission to very low levels are considered.
Human services, professionals, and the paradox of institutional reform

The inadequacies and injustices of human services and their resistance to reform are generally attributed to the vested interests of the professions and bureaucracies that control them. We look beyond these factors to the beliefs that underly them. We argue that the dominance of professionals and bureaucratic organization in human services is perpetuated by the belief that the social problems of mass society can be solved best by science in the form of professional expertise and by "scientific management" in the form of bureaucratic organization of services. This uncritical belief in science perpetuates a system that victimizes both professionals and laypersons. We suggest how this situation can be changed and what social policies would be necessary in order to foster such change.
SUMO‐1 modification of MEF2A regulates its transcriptional activity

Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors are crucial regulators controlling muscle-specific and growth factor-inducible genes. Numerous studies have reported that the activity of these transcription factors is tightly modulated by posttranslational modifications such as activation by specific phosphorylation as well as repression by class II histone deacetylases (HDACs). We hypothesized that MEF2 could also be regulated by covalent modification by SUMO-1, a reversible posttranslational modification which has been shown to regulate key proteins involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and tumor suppression. In this study, we demonstrate that MEF2A undergoes sumoylation primarily at a single lysine residue (K395) both in vitro and in vivo. We also show that the nuclear E3 ligase, PIAS1, promotes sumoylation of MEF2A. Mutation of lysine 395 to arginine abolishes MEF2A sumoylation and the sumoylation incompetent mutant protein has enhanced transcriptional activity compared to the wild type protein. Our results suggest that protein sumoylation could play a pivotal role in controlling MEF2 transcriptional activity.
Predator Avoidance in Seagrass Meadows: Prey Behavior, Microhabitat Selection, and Cryptic Coloration

Behavioral responses to predators may influence distribution and abundance patterns of prey. Earlier predator—preference experiments and analyses of natural diets revealed that the caridean shrimp Tozeuma carolinense is underrepresented in the diet of pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides, the dominant predatory fish in marine seagrass meadows in the southeastern USA. I examined the influence of prey behavioral responses, microhabitat shifts, and cryptic coloration on prey accessibility to Lagodon with a combination of field observations and laboratory experiments. Tozeuma's behavior and microhabitat choice were extremely similar in the field and the laboratory and were tightly coupled to the seagrasses Tozeuma inhabits. In the presence of predatory fishes, Tozeuma increased the time spent in some otherwise rare behaviors. In particular, laboratory experiments revealed that the behavioral response of moving around the grass blade, to which a shrimp was clinging, resulted in a significant increase in shrimp survival, and thus is strongly adaptive. In addition, Tozeuma shifted microhabitats in response to predators; individuals that did not respond were often consumed. For the shrimp, predator—avoidance behaviors were far more important than cryptic coloration in eluding predatory fish. The presence of a physical structure alone did not necessarily provide protection for shrimp from these visual predators; the combination of active predator—avoidance behaviors and the presence of a structurally complex, opaque substrates resulted in a visual barrier between predator and prey. Such prey behavior—microhabitat links can be more important than physical interference of the habitat as factors affecting foraging success of visual predators.
Pigeons' interhemispheric transfer of autoshaping and other visual discriminations☆

Abstract The interhemispheric transfer of autoshaping and of operantly conditioned color and form discriminations was investigated both in normal pigeons and in pigeons with sectioned tectal and posterior commissures. Operantly conditioned form and color discriminations showed interhemispheric transfer despite damage to, or complete severance of, the tectal and posterior commissures. However, damage to the tectal commissure disrupted interhemispheric transfer of autoshaping, suggesting that the tectal commissure normally carries information about the existence of stimuli which predict food. Apparently some visual discriminations require intact tectal commissures for interhemispheric transfer, yet others do not.
Determination of chlorine in silicate rocks by neutron activation analysis

Abstract A simple radiochemical neutron activation analysis scheme has been developed for the determination of chlorine in silicate rocks. The method involves a 15-min thermal neutron irradiation of rock powder followed by a quick separation of 38 Cl as AgCl, and Ge(Li) spectrometry. Chemical yield, normally ranging between 95% and 100%, is monitored gravimetrically through the recovery of AgCl. The procedure has been tested on several geochemical standards to assess its accuracy and precision. The values obtained for standard rocks agree with the literature values. At the 100-ppm level, the analytical precision for chlorine is within ±5% (2σ).
The effect of body and head tilt in the perception of vertical: Comparison of body and head tilt with left and right handed, male and female subjects

Abstract Experiments are reported in which subjects were asked to estimate gravitational vertical in a darkened room. A padded laterally tilted chair and headholder designed to hold head and body at different angles was used to study the effect of independent and combined tilts of head and body. Right and left handed men and women were investigated. Results indicated a differentiation of visual, vestibular and proprioceptive sensations in perception of vertical. The vestibular proprioceptive differentiation provides a reasonable explanation for the Muller E and A phenomena often reported in Aubert effect experiments. Although there were no handedness differences, men and women differed significantly on some measures.
Factors Governing Photovoltaic Technology Transfer: Terrestrial to Space

Environmental requirements, market size, and the fact that the power source is not the dominant portion of most space systems constrains the transfer of terrestrial photovoltaic developments to space use. Market size is the main reason for the two orders-of-magnitude difference in cost between space and terrestrial photovoltaic power systems. Terrestrial developments emphasizing performance rather than cost advantages are more likely to be adopted for space. Examples of such terrestrial technologies are presented and discussed.
Nurturing Independent Learning in the Undergraduate Student in History: A Faculty–Student Mentoring Experience

Four undergraduates and a history professor planned for and carried out research in the Belgian State Archives in an attempt to answer the call from the Boyer Commission’s seminal report that identified the need for meaningful undergraduate research opportunities in the American higher education system. Our faculty–student mentoring experience provided an opportunity to develop practical skills for historical research. Success of the mentoring project was determined through ongoing dialog and through analysis of student reflective essays. While an international project of this scope may not be feasible for many institutions, mentoring projects in domestic or even local archives could be similarly beneficial.
Hedgehog signaling in the prostate.

Purpose: Recent discoveries highlight the importance of the hedgehog signaling pathway in prostate growth regulation. We reviewed the role of hedgehog signaling in prostate development, adult prostate homeostasis and prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of all relevant literature was done.Results: Epithelial expression of hedgehog ligand during prostate development exerts autocrine and paracrine signaling activities that regulate growth and differentiation. Hedgehog signaling also occurs in the adult human prostate but to our knowledge the influence on epithelial proliferation and/or differentiation is unknown. Robust hedgehog signaling occurs frequently in prostate cancer, and autocrine and paracrine signaling have been shown to accelerate the growth of xenograft tumors. Autocrine signaling has been implicated in stimulating stem/progenitor cells and increased hedgehog pathway activity may be a characteristic of advanced, androgen independent cancer. The plant alkaloid cyclopamin...
Generation of a macrocyclic Cr(V) complex and its reactivity toward organic and inorganic reductants and DNA

Abstract The complex L 1 Cr(H 2 O) 2 2+ (L 1 =1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) reacts with molecular oxygen to yield an end-on superoxo complex, L 1 (H 2 O)CrOO 2+ , with a rate constant k on =(1.80±0.06)×10 8 M −1 s −1 in acidic aqueous solutions. The reduction of L 1 (H 2 O)CrOO 2+ with one-electron reductants generates a transient species, believed to be L 1 CrOOH 2+ , which undergoes a first-order transformation to an oxochromium(V) complex, L 1 CrO 3+ , k =0.19 s −1 in 0.02 M HClO 4 . The ion L 1 CrO 3+ reacts rapidly with a number of inorganic and organic reductants, H 2 O 2 , and DNA. The extent and nature of the DNA damage depend on the reductant used to generate L 1 CrO 3+ , suggesting that different reductants have different scavenging abilities toward the intermediates responsible for DNA damage. In the absence of oxidizable substrates, L 1 CrO 3+ decays in a first-order process, k =0.39±0.05 s −1 .
Spatial models of competition and gap dynamics in old-growth Tsuga heterophylla/Thuja plicata forests

Abstract Stem-mapped plots in old-growth forests of western hemlock ( Tsuga heterophylla ) and western redcedar ( Thuja plicata ) in northern Idaho, USA were analyzed using Ripley's K ( d ) function, nearest-neighbor function, and influence zone analyses. A conceptual model of old-growth forest development was formulated from the spatial pattern analyses, to guide the development of a mathematical model. In the conceptual model, cohorts of seedlings begin life established in clusters associated with canopy gaps created by the deaths of overstory trees. Then, as the trees within clusters increase in size, they begin to compete with their immediate neighbors. Density-dependent mortality thins the clusters and increases the distance between neighboring trees. Over time, this self-thinning behavior tends to drive stand spatial patterns from aggregation towards regular spacing as trees get larger or increase in competitive status. Preliminary results from a dynamic point process model are presented. The approach simulates the regeneration of seedlings in gaps and the dynamic spatial patterns resulting from competitive interactions between neighboring trees as a sequence of point processes. Main features of the model are stochastic assignment of gapmaker trees, a Poisson cluster process for regeneration establishment, and a progressive simple inhibition process for competition between neighboring trees. The model produces spatial patterns for regeneration and adult trees consistent with the conceptual model and with patterns observed in the field data. Refinements designed to improve model realism are discussed.
Trace Levels of Innate Immune Response Modulating Impurities (IIRMIs) Synergize to Break Tolerance to Therapeutic Proteins

Therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies, replacement enzymes and toxins have significantly improved the therapeutic options for multiple diseases, including cancer and inflammatory diseases as well as enzyme deficiencies and inborn errors of metabolism. However, immune responses to these products are frequent and can seriously impact their safety and efficacy. Of the many factors that can impact protein immunogenicity, this study focuses on the role of innate immune response modulating impurities (IIRMIs) that could be present despite product purification and whether these impurities can synergize to facilitate an immunogenic response to therapeutic proteins. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CpG ODN as IIRMIs we showed that trace levels of these impurities synergized to induce IgM, IFNγ, TNFα and IL-6 expression. In vivo, trace levels of these impurities synergized to increase antigen-specific IgG antibodies to ovalbumin. Further, whereas mice treated with human erythropoietin showed a transient increase in hematocrit, those that received human erythropoietin containing low levels of IIRMIs had reduced response to erythropoietin after the 1st dose and developed long-lasting anemia following subsequent doses. This suggests that the presence of IIRMIs facilitated a breach in tolerance to the endogenous mouse erythropoietin. Overall, these studies indicate that the risk of enhancing immunogenicity should be considered when establishing acceptance limits of IIRMIs for therapeutic proteins.
Whole-Profile Soil Carbon Stocks: The Danger of Assuming Too Much from Analyses of Too Little

Whole soil profile assessments of soil C stocks are enormously important for evaluating a soil's potential for sequestering C. Carbon stock measurements are often highly variable, which makes the detection of statistically significant differences among different land uses and management systems difficult. A common mistake is to interpret a lack of statistical significance as evidence for the absence of differences. This mistake is costly: failure to identify practices and habitats that accumulate C can affect our understanding of soil C cycling and hide possible sequestration potentials. In this study, we investigated inadequate replication as a major cause of a lack of statistical significance. Power analysis is a well-established statistical tool that allows researchers to infer whether the lack of statistical significance is due to the absence of meaningful differences or due to insufficient replication. We used data from two published studies to illustrate the value of power analysis. In particular, we showed that in these studies the chances of detecting even substantial (e.g., 50%) differences among experimental treatments can be as low as 20 to 60% due to the natural variability in soil C concentrations and stocks. Carbon variability in different soil horizons suggests that statistical analyses of soil C stocks should be conducted separately for each sampled horizon and that conclusions about the profile as a whole should be made based on the individual horizon results. Devising an optimal sampling strategy that identifies the appropriate number of replicates needed to detect significant C change by horizon is essential.
EFFECT OF THE CARBON SOURCE SUCCINATE ON PYRIMIDINE SYNTHESIS IN BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA

The effect of the carbon source succinate on pyrimidine synthesis in the pathogen Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 25416 was investigated. The five de novo pathway enzyme activities of pyrimidine biosynthesis in B. cepacia were shown to be affected when ATCC 25416 cells were grown in the presence of uracil. Pyrimidine limitation of a uracil auxotrophic B. cepacia strain lacking orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase activity increased aspartate transcarbamoylase, dihydroorotase, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activities by at least 1.5-fold which indicated that these pathway enzymes may be regulated by a uracil-related compound. The levels of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme activities in B. cepacia ATCC 25416 cells appeared to be influenced to a greater degree in cells grown on succinate than on glucose as a carbon source.
Analysis of a Suspected Drug Sample

This general chemistry laboratory uses differences in solubility to separate a mixture of caffeine and aspirin while introducing the instrumental analysis methods of GCMS and FTIR. The drug mixture is separated by partitioning aspirin and caffeine between dichloromethane and aqueous base. TLC and reference standards are used to identify aspirin precipitated by acidifying the aqueous layer and the caffeine is recovered by evaporating the dichloromethane. FTIR analysis of the isolates is intended to provide an introduction to both the basic operation of a FTIR spectrometer and experience in matching library reference spectra to FTIR spectra of unknowns. GCMS analysis parallels the wet chemistry separation and FTIR identification of the components in the drug mixture. Used as a re-introduction to GCMS, emphasis is placed on how GCMS combines sample separation and component analysis into one operation. This laboratory is intended to be part of a suite of vertically integrated laboratory exercises linked by a ...
Application timing and soil factors affect sulfentrazone phytotoxicity to two soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at Urbana, DeKalb, and Brownstown, IL in 2001 and 2002 to evaluate the effect of application timings and soil OC on sulfentrazone phytotoxicity to two soybean varieties. These studies were conducted on established plots where the soil pH had been incrementally adjusted across a range from 5.5 to 7.5. Sulfentrazone treatments applied at the labeled dose (0.22 kg a.i./ha) and 2× labeled dose (0.44 kg a.i./ha) at 7 days before planting (EPP) and at planting (PRE), and at 0.22 kg a.i./ha at 50% soybean hypocotyl emergence (VE), were compared with a weed-free glyphosate-treated control. Sulfentrazone-tolerant and -sensitive varieties were used to evaluate treatment responses. At Brownstown (1.1% organic carbon (OC)), injury ranged from 23% to 30% for the sensitive variety, whereas no significant injury was observed for the tolerant variety. Grain yield was decreased up to 15% for both varieties at Brownstown, depending on the application timing. At Urbana (2.3% OC), injury ranged from 7% to 17% for ‘P94B01’ and from 4% to 7% for ‘P93B53’ at the different application timings, and yield was reduced up to 6% for both varieties, depending on the application timing. At DeKalb (2.9% OC), injury ranged from 3% to 14% at the different application timings, but there was no significant yield decrease for either variety.
Paleocurrent Analysis of Early Triassic Moenkopi Formation, Uinta Mountains Area, Northeastern Utah: ABSTRACT

Paleocurrent measurements of 175 linear asymmetrical ripple marks were taken at seven sections of the Moenkopi Formation in northeastern Utah. Five of End_Page 918------------------------------ the sections are on the south flank of the Uinta Mountains, where 123 measurements were taken. A total of 52 measurements was made at two sections on the north flank of the Uinta Mountains. Linear asymmetrical ripple marks were used exclusively because of their abundance at each section. Analysis of the paleocurrent data indicates three major current directions during deposition of the Moenkopi: northwest, southeast, and southwest. These are interpreted as representing wave-drift, rip, and longshore currents moving on and along a generally northeast-southwest-trending shoreline that bordered a shallow marine shelf during the Early Triassic. When the paleocurrent data of the north and south flanks of the Uinta Mountains are considered separately, the average northeast-southwest-trending shoreline of the south flank is interpreted to shift to a north-south trend on the north flank. This gradual shifting of the shoreline trend probably continued into Wyoming where Picard and High found a northwest-southeast trend in the Moenkopi equivalent (Red Peak Formation) in west-central Wyoming. The interpreted shoreline trend parallels the isopach trend of the Moenkopi Formation in northeastern Utah. Interpretation of shoreline trends leads to the evaluation of the depositional environments, current directions, and paleogeography during the time of deposition. Economic interest in shoreline trend interpretation is high and will continue to be so in the future because of oil and gas exploration efforts. End_of_Article - Last_Page 919------------
Biogenesis of flavoprotein and cytochrome components in hepatic mitochondria from riboflavin-deficient rats

Abstract Using difference spectrophotometry, measurements of succinate dehydrogenase activity, and SDS-polyacrylamide gels, the biochemical properties of hepatic mitochondria from riboflavin-deficient rats were monitored during recovery on riboflavin. [ 14 C]Riboflavin was incorporated into four mitochondrial flavoproteins having covalently bound flavin coenzyme. Alterations in cytochromes, especially cytochrome oxidase, and the biosyntheses of succinate dehydrogenase, monoamine oxidase, sarcosine dehydrogenase, and an unknown flavoprotein were observed.
Eye movement prediction by oculomotor plant Kalman filter with brainstem control

Our work addresses one of the core issues related to Human Computer Interaction (HCI) systems that use eye gaze as an input. This issue is the sensor, transmission and other delays that exist in any eye tracker-based system, reducing its performance. A delay effect can be compensated by an accurate prediction of the eye movement trajectories. This paper introduces a mathematical model of the human eye that uses anatomical properties of the Human Visual System to predict eye movement trajectories. The eye mathematical model is transformed into a Kalman filter form to provide continuous eye position signal prediction during all eye movement types. The model presented in this paper uses brainstem control properties employed during transitions between fast (saccade) and slow (fixations, pursuit) eye movements. Results presented in this paper indicate that the proposed eye model in a Kalman filter form improves the accuracy of eye movement prediction and is capable of a real-time performance. In addition to the HCI systems with the direct eye gaze input, the proposed eye model can be immediately applied for a bit-rate/computational reduction in real-time gaze-contingent systems.
CALCULATION OF SCALAR FORM FACTORS OF NONTOPOLOGICAL SOLITONS

We study a “toy” model which describes the bound state of two scalar particles. We parameterize the “soft” part of the wave function of the bound state using results obtained in the study of a nontopological soliton model. (This part of the wave function has predominantly lowmomentum components.) We improve this wave function by considering a single “hard” scattering, which we treat in perturbation theory. Thus, we have a model in which the wave function has both “soft” and “hard” parts, in the language used when performing perturbative QCD studies. (The relation of these results to those obtained for electromagnetic form factors in perturbative QCD studies requires further analysis.) We find that the form factor calculated using the “soft” part of the wave function behaves as F(Q2)=F(0)/(1+λ2Q2), where Q2=−q2>0. The individual hard scattering terms yield form factors which have the same form, except for a change of the scale factor, λ. We discuss the approach to the asymptotic form, F(Q2)~Q−2, for the various amplitudes which are summed to obtain the complete form factor. We also discuss the modification of the form factor under a change in mass scale. This modification is relatively simple to study since, in our model, there is only a single dimensionful parameter, κ, which sets the scale for all other dimensional parameters.
Extension of Mood’s median test for survival data

Abstract Mood’s median test for testing the equality of medians is a nonparametric approach, which has been widely used for uncensored data in practice. For survival data, many nonparametric methods have been proposed to test for the equality of survival curves. However, if the survival medians, rather than the curves, are compared, those methods are not applicable. Some approaches have been developed to fill this gap. Unfortunately, in general those tests have inflated type I error rates, which make them inapplicable to survival data with small sample sizes. In this paper, Mood’s median test for uncensored data is extended for survival data. The results from a comprehensive simulation study show that the proposed test outperforms existing methods in terms of controlling type I error rate and detecting power.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Lung Tumors

Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, and although surgery remains the standard treatment for early-stage tumors, stereotactic radiation is gaining an increasing role as an alternative form of therapy. Initially a form of treatment designed for neurosurgical applications, during the past decade stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has gone from a novel treatment for patients deemed to be prohibitive candidates for surgical resection to the point that there is now an international, randomized, multicenter trial to compare SRS to lobectomy in otherwise-healthy patients. This article reviews the history of SRS as applied to lung tumors, summarizes the currently available data on efficacy and toxicity, and describes some of the current controversial aspects of this treatment.
Isolation of virus-like (VL30) elements from the Q10 and D regions of the major histocompatibility complex.

Previous studies from our laboratory have described two endogenous provirus-like sequences in a series of cosmids spanning theTL region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of normal C57BL/10 mice. At least one of these viruses shares similarities withVL30 elements. To determine if additionalVL30-like retroviral elements are integrated in the MHC, we constructed a cosmid library using DNA from a radiation leukemia virus (RadLV)-transformed cell line derived from C57BL/6 mice. The library was first screened using theH-2III (5′) probe, which detects Class I genes of theH-2 complex. In the primary screening 163H-2III positives were isolated. TheH-2III-positive isolates were then hybridized with an AKR-derived virus probe,EcoB/S, which contains sequences from both thepol and theenv genes of the virus. Nine virus-positive isolates were detected. Localization of these cosmid isolates containing viral sequences within theH-2 complex was done utilizing low-copy probes and confirmed using previously mapped cosmid isolates from other laboratories. We report here the isolation and characterization ofVL30-like elements from theQa andD regions of theMHC of several inbred mouse strains.
The Involvement of Calpain in CD4+ T Helper Cell Bias in Multple Sclerosis

The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is mediated by massive infiltration of myelin-specific T cells into the central nervous system (CNS). Self-reactive CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, specifically Th1 and Th17 cells, are hallmarks of active disease in progression, whereas Th2 cells are predominately in remission stages. Calpain has been shown to be upregulated in the CNS of MS patients and inhibition of calpain has been shown previously to decrease disease in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. We investigated calpain involvement in Thcell bias. Here, we show that calpain inhibition in primary myelin basic protein (MBP) Ac1-11-specific T cells and MBP-specific T cell line cultures increase Th2 proliferation, cytokine profile, and transcription and signaling molecules. We also show a relative decrease in Th1 inflammatory factors in these same categories and a relative decrease in Th17 proliferation. These studies provide insight into the various roles that calpain plays in Th cell bias and proliferation and increases our understanding of the role that T cells play in the pathophysiology of EAE and MS. Results also indicate the mechanisms involved by which calpain inhibitor decreases the disease signs of EAE, suggesting that calpain inhibitor can be a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of EAE and MS.
Rapid Harvesting of Precise Split Thickness Skin Grafts in Small Animals

A laboratory method is described for rapidly obtaining precise split thickness skin grafts, using a skin clamp and an inexpensive battery-run dermatome.
Pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and cervical emphysema following mandibular fractures

Subcutaneous emphysema of the neck and pneumomediastinum following facial trauma in the absence of neck, chest, or abdominal injuries is a rare entity. A case report of bilateral cervical subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum secondary to mandibular fractures is presented. The anatomic mechanism of injury, diagnosis, and treatment modalities are discussed.
Visualizing microscopic structure of simulated model basalt melt

Abstract We perform a detailed visualization-based analysis of atomic-position series data for model basalt melt obtained from first-principles (quantum mechanical) molecular dynamics simulations. To gain insight into the short- and mid-range order of the melt structure, we extract and visualize the details of radial distribution function (RDF) and coordination environment. The first peaks of all partial RDFs lie in the distance range of 1.6–4 A and the corresponding mean coordination numbers vary from less than 1 to more than 9. The coordination environments involving cations and anions differ substantially from each other, each consisting of a rich set of coordination states. These states vary both spatially and temporally: The per-atom coordination information extracted on the fly is rendered instantaneously as the spheres and polyhedra as well as along the corresponding trajectories using a color-coding scheme. The information is also visualized as clusters formed by atoms that are coordinated at different time intervals during the entire simulation. The Si–O coordination is comprised of almost all tetrahedra (4-fold) whereas the Al–O coordination includes both tetrahedra (4-fold) and pentahedra (5-fold). The animated visualization suggests that the melt structure can be viewed as a dynamic (partial) network of Al/Si–O coordination polyhedra connected via bridging oxygen in an inhomogeneous distribution of mobile magnesium and calcium atoms.
A POSSIBLE CAUSE OF UTERINE FIBROIDS

Uterine fibroids, the most common pelvic neoplasm, have commanded the interest of all gynecologists. Their treatment, both by operation and by radium, has been thoroughly discussed in current medical literature, yet little has been written concerning their etiology. With, the additions to our knowledge about the ovarian and anterior pituitary hormones, glandular dysfunction is becoming more and more prominent as a possible cause of fibroids. This paper offers a series of 275 cases of fibroids, the analysis of which evidences a possible etiological relationship between continuous oestrin stimulation from the ovary and the formation of hyperplasia of the endometrium and fibromyomatous growths of the myometrium. The relative frequency of fibroids in negroes has suggested in the past the influence of race as a possible etiological factor. This fact is mentioned because in our Southern hospitals, where the admission of white and colored women is about equal, a preponderance of these tumors is noted in the colo...
Does customer satisfaction increase firm performance? An application of American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI)

Abstract As a prominent factor in firms’ profitability and value, customer satisfaction has been given much attention in the measurement of a firm's financial performance. In the hospitality and tourism industry, however, the effect of customer satisfaction on financial performance has been relatively neglected because of the unique characteristics of the industry and presumably increasing cost for uncertain outcomes. Based upon this realization, this study empirically examines the relationship between the customer satisfaction index (CSI) and the companies’ financial performance in the hospitality and tourism industry (i.e., hotels, restaurants, and airlines). Findings reveal that the impact of customer satisfaction is reflected in the profit margin (PM), return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), proxies of a firm's profitability, and in the market value added (MVA), a proxy of firm value. The results indicate that customer satisfaction positively affect a firm's profitability and value in the hospitality and tourism industry. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Long-term potency after iodine-125 radiotherapy for prostate cancer and role of sildenafil citrate.

Abstract Objectives To assess the long-term sexual potency and attrition in sexual function after iodine-125 ( 125 I) seed radiotherapy and the effect of sildenafil on radiation-induced erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods This prospective study consisted of 86 sexually active patients (mean age 63.5 ± 7.7 years) who underwent 125 I seed implantation from 1997 to 1999 to treat low-volume prostate cancer (prostate-specific antigen less than 10 ng/mL, Gleason score 6 or less, stage T1-T2). All patients were followed up every 6 to 8 months for 4 years. Patients prescribed sildenafil citrate for ED completed the abridged five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) questionnaires. Results The median follow-up was 49.7 months (range 36 to 66). Of 86 patients, 43 (50%) did not initiate drug therapy; and only 36 (83.7%) of the 43 were interviewed at 4 years. Twenty-three (63.8%) of the 36 patients had erections sufficient for vaginal penetration, with a total mean ± SD IIEF-5 score of 15.76 ± 1.13. The other 50% (43 of 86) initiated sildenafil citrate for treatment of ED after seed implantation, with a minimal follow-up of 6 months. At 4 years, 32 (74%) of the 43 were responding positively to sildenafil citrate, with a total IIEF-5 score of 18.3 ± 1.2. The mean EDITS ± SD score was 76.5 ± 3.2, and the spousal satisfaction rate was 72% (31 of 43). The dropout rate was 37% (16 of 43); 10 (63%) of the 16 discontinued because of a lack of efficacy, 3 (19%) because of a return of natural erections sufficient for vaginal penetration, and 3 (19%) discontinued because of side effects (headaches). Conclusions ED is a major long-term issue after 125 I seed radiotherapy, with a long-term potency rate of 29%. Sildenafil citrate improves erections in most patients after 125 I seed implantation.
Storygraph: extracting patterns from spatio-temporal data

Analysis of spatio-temporal data often involves correlating different events in time and location to uncover relationships between them. It is also desirable to identify different patterns in the data. Visualizing time and space in the same chart is not trivial. Common methods includes plotting the latitude, longitude and time as three dimensions of a 3D chart. Drawbacks of these 3D charts include not being able to scale well due to cluttering, occlusion and difficulty to track time in case of clustered events. In this paper we present a novel 2D visualization technique called Storygraph which provides an integrated view of time and location to address these issues. We also present storylines based on Storygraph which show movement of the actors over time. Lastly, we present case studies to show the applications of Storygraph.
Isotopic fractionation of stratospheric nitrous oxide

We propose an isotopic fractionation mechanism, based on photolytic destruction, to explain the ^(15)N/^(14)N and ^(18)O/^(16)O fractionation of stratospheric nitrous oxide (N_2O) and reconcile laboratory experiments with atmospheric observations. The theory predicts that (i) the isotopomers ^(15)N^(14)N^(16)O and ^(14)N^(15)N^(16)O have very different isotopic fractionations in the stratosphere, and (ii) laboratory photolysis experiments conducted at 205 nanometers should better simulate the observed isotopic fractionation of stratospheric N_2O. Modeling results indicate that there is no compelling reason to invoke a significant chemical source of N_2O in the middle atmosphere and that individual N_2O isotopomers might be useful tracers of stratospheric air parcel motion.
Reliable Computation of Phase Stability and Equilibrium from the SAFT Equation of State

In recent years, molecularly based equations of state, as typified by the SAFT (statistical associating fluid theory) approach, have become increasingly popular tools for the modeling of phase beha...