cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In-situ probe of gate dielectric-semiconductor interfacial order in organic transistors: origin and control of large performance sensitivities.

Organic thin film transistor (OTFT) performance is highly materials interface-dependent, and dramatic performance enhancements can be achieved by properly modifying the semiconductor/gate dielectric interface. However, the origin of these effects is not well understood, as this is a classic “buried interface” problem that has traditionally been difficult to address. Here we address the question of how n-octadecylsilane (OTS)–derived self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Si/SiO2 gate dielectrics affect the OTFT performance of the archetypical small-molecule p-type semiconductors P-BTDT (phenylbenzo[d,d]thieno[3,2-b;4,5-b]dithiophene) and pentacene using combined in situ sum frequency generation spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing incidence and reflectance X-ray scattering. The molecular order and orientation of the OTFT components at the dielectric/semiconductor interface is probed as a function of SAM growth mode in order to understand how this impacts the overlying semiconductor growth mode,...
Optical phonon studies of FeF2 epitaxial thin films

Abstract We have measured the IR active optical phonons of 0.25–2.0 μm FeF 2 thin films, grown epitaxially on ZnF 2 by FTIR reflectance. At T −1 , which we attribute to the E u 1 (TO), E u 3 (TO) and E u 2 (TO) modes of the FeF 2 thin film, respectively. The change in the line shape of the E u 1 (TO)-related absorption was studied as a function of decreasing film thickness. These changes are accurately fit by a simple oscillator model where the film thickness is varied in accordance with its nominal value. An absorption at 115 cm −1 , not attributable to any bulk phonon, may be a surface mode.
Coexisting with CSMA-Based Reactive Primary Users

Cognitive radio has the potential to improve spectrum efficiency and to alleviate spectrum scarcity by opportunistically utilizing un-utilized or under- utilized spectrum. A cognitive radio device needs to monitor primary user (PU) activities to identify white spaces and utilize spectral opportunities for transmission, without significantly affecting the PU performance. Additional challenges exist when PUs are reactive. An example of a reactive system is a CSMA-based primary system where PUs react to secondary user (SU) activities. Besides collision and throughput, we also introduce a deterrence metric to capture the impact of SU activity on PU. We present and compare four different SU access schemes for a CSMA-based primary system that takes into account the reactive nature of the PU access mechanism. Both simulation and analysis results show that the SU can utilize the available spectrum opportunities at the cost of additional delay of PUs.
ACTION on the prevention of chronic pain after surgery: public-private partnerships, the future of analgesic drug development.

Editor's note: This series of four editorials arose from a meeting sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the University of Pennsylvania in October 2009 with a focus on chronic pain after surgery. The editorials describe a new initiative from the FDA to establish a private-public partnership to bring new research and knowledge of study design with the goal of safely accelerating analgesic drug design, a brief review of the woeful lack of research in animal models of persistent pain after surgery, an opinion piece regarding important elements of study design to test therapies to prevent this persistent pain, and a discussion of the magnitude of effect required to be meaningful to patients.
109 PLASMA INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR (IGF)-I AND II LEVELS AND BIOASSAYABLE SOMATOMEDIN ACTIVITY IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL CIGANTISM (SOTOS SYNDROME)

109 PLASMA INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR (IGF)-I AND II LEVELS AND BIOASSAYABLE SOMATOMEDIN ACTIVITY IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL CIGANTISM (SOTOS SYNDROME)
The science of chemical analysis and the technique of mass spectrometry

Abstract The subject of chemical analysis is traditionally organized by the techniques employed. This method of classification fragments the subject and provides little basis for learning how to approach the development of new methods. A concept underlying all chemical analyses is the selection and implementation of the quality of the analyte that distinguishes it from the rest of the sample components. The analytical process is the selection of the differentiating characteristic (DC), the development of a probe to test the sample for the DC, the anticipation and measurement of the response of the sample to the probe, the interpretation of the data, and the evaluation and improvement of the method. The range of options available at each step illustrates the latitude for creativity exercised by former analysts and available for methods yet to be developed. In mass spectrometry, the differentiating characteristics are seen to be ionizability, mass-to-charge ratio, and fragmentation pattern. The selectivity of the combination of differentiating characteristics employed greatly affects the detection limit in trace analysis. The methods of probing, measurement, and data analysis are related to the analytical goals (quantitation, detection, or identification). Measurements are based on conversion devices and counting techniques. When counting statistics are considered, the impact of peak overlap in chromatography/mass spectrometry is seen to be a loss of dynamic range in the concentration of the analytes.
Experimental determination of elastic properties of talc to 800°C, 0.5 GPa; calculations of the effect on hydrated peridotite, and implications for cold subduction zones

Abstract We have measured compressional wave velocity ( V P ) in talc as a function of temperature at 0.5 GPa. V P falls from 5.27±0.23 km s −1 at 25°C to 4.35±0.15 km s −1 at 800°C. Combining these results with a previously published bulk modulus ( K ) and δ K /δ P , gives a Poisson’s ratio ( ν ) of 0.268 and a shear modulus ( G ) of 22.6 GPa under atmospheric conditions. Assuming that ν is independent of temperature gives a δ K /δ T value of −19.3±0.64 MPa K −1 at 0.5 GPa. We used the experimental data, in combination with published data, to calculate bounds on the elastic moduli of a peridotite hydrated with talc just above cold subducting lithosphere. We find that an assemblage hydrated by only 0.9 wt% H 2 O has elastic wave velocities (calculated from the Voigt–Reuss–Hill average) lower than the anhydrous rock by an average of 7.6% for V P , and 9.7% for shear waves ( V s ) at 700°C. These results are consistent with observations of converted phase behavior in the vicinity of the surface of a cold subducting slab, and may place the low-velocity layer observed in the lowermost mantle wedge, not the uppermost slab as has previously been suggested.
Ultrastructural study of iron deposition in the eccrine sweat glands of patients with iron overload

SUMMARY An ultrastructural study of eccrine sweat glands was carried out on three patients with iron overload (two with idiopathic haemochromatosis and one with transfusional haemosiderosis). In all three patients small electron-dense particles were seen in both eccrine sweat glands and macrophages. They appeared primarily in the clear cells of the eccrine sweat glands as membrane-bound irregularly shaped bodies, and were shown to contain iron by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Iron aggregates in and around sweat glands were also seen on light microscopy.
ARIS: A computer-assisted instruction system

The automated real-time instructional system (ARIS) is a small computer-assisted instructional system written to run under the UNIX operating system on a PDP-11/34A machine. ARIS is a tool used to provide highly individualized instruction and, at the same time, to study the process of learning by keeping detailed records of students’ actions. Currently, the system is used to teach logic and set theory. This paper describes the general philosophy, operation, and implementation of ARIS.
Streaming Video Capacity Comparisons of Multi-Antenna LTE Systems

The 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) Release-8 specifications are designed to deliver higher peak data rates, higher throughput and lower air-interface latency compared to 2G and 3G systems. This higher performance will make it possible to support more demanding applications beyond web-browsing and voice, requiring higher data rates and stricter QoS constraints. Video services are becoming increasingly popular over the Internet indicating that the demand for such high data-rate video applications over cellular wireless will continue to grow. However, in order to make these services commercially viable in a LTE system it is necessary for the air-interface to deliver high quality services to a significant number of users simultaneously. In this paper we investigate the video capacity of a LTE air-interface using realistic video traffic models. An LTE air-interface can support multiple-antenna transmit arrays and several multiple antenna transmission modes to increase system capacity. We investigate the benefits of using 4 transmit antennas compared to 2 transmit antennas on the video capacity of an LTE system. The results from our investigation indicate that the capacity benefits with 4 transmit antennas are much higher with video services than those observed with other traffic models such as the full-buffer traffic model. The results also show that a 10MHz TDD LTE system can service upto 48 users per sector with 256Kbps video streams in the downlink indicating that such services can be commercially viable.
Polyfluorochrome marking slows growth only during the marking month in the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis

. Used singly, the fluorochrome tags tetracycline and calcein have yielded important insights into sea urchin biology, especially regarding growth. We present a new method of tagging using sequential fluorochrome markers, as well as a more precise method of quantifying growth. Such polyfluorochromes enable repeated markings that allow measurement of multiple growth points and unique identification of individuals or groups. We marked sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, with four fluorochromes: alizarin complexone, calcein, calcein blue, and tetracycline. All fluorochromes marked both by injection and immersion. We examined the clarity of the mark produced with low, metabolically scaled doses, and higher doses similar to those that have been previously used. We tested the effect of fluorochromes on survival, growth, jaw size, and gonad size by marking a size range (3.9–44.3 mm in diameter) of urchins with either one or all four fluorochromes. We quantified growth using a nominal diameter, that is a fitted constant, times the cube root of weight, which increased the precision of measurements by a factor of six relative to measured diameter. Growth rate was a decreasing function of diameter except for a growth lag in the smallest urchins. Growth rate data for all sizes were fitted using: gamma distributions; Tanaka functions; and, for larger sizes, straight lines (von Bertalanffy model). All treatments produced clear marks, with higher doses producing more reliably clear marks. Tetracycline marking did not affect growth; other treatments produced only transient slowing of growth in the marking month. Growth rate, survival, gonad production, and jaw weight did not differ between control and treatments during the following 6 months. Thus, polyfluorochromes produce reliable marks that do not significantly affect growth or gonad production.
High performance integrated spatial big data analytics

The growth of spatial big data has been explosive thanks to cost-effective and ubiquitous positioning technologies, and the generation of data from multiple sources in multi-forms. Such emerging spatial data has high potential to create new insights and values for our life through spatial analytics. However, spatial data analytics faces two major challenges. First, spatial data is both data-and compute-intensive due to the massive amounts of data and the multi-dimensional nature, which requires high performance spatial computing infrastructure and methods. Second, spatial big data sources are often isolated, for example, OpenStreetMap, census data and Twitter tweets are independent data sources. This leads to incompleteness of information and sometimes limited data accuracy, thus limited values from the data. Integrating spatial big data analytics by consolidating multiple data sources provides significant potential for data quality improvement in terms of completeness and accuracy, and much increased values derived from the data. In this paper, we present our vision of a high performance integrated spatial big data analytics framework. We provide a scalable spatial query based data integration engine with MapReduce, and demonstrate integrated spatial data analytics through a few use cases in our preliminary work. We then present our future plan on integrated spatial big data analytics for improving public health research and applications.
Fine tuning and the varieties of naturalism

Naturalism has been characterized both as a claim about what exists (claim naturalism) and as a commitment to a certain methodology (method naturalism). The fine-tuning argument for God's existence presents a significant challenge to each way of characterizing naturalism. The claim naturalist faces the fact that the best response to the fine-tuning argument (the many-world hypothesis) requires the existence of many universes that are not clearly naturalistic themselves. Method naturalism faces the challenge that it does not have the resources to ground the preference of the many-world hypothesis to the designer hypothesis.
Term Rewriting with Operator Evaluation Strategies

Abstract We consider a number of problems which arise when performing term rewriting in algebraic specifications with each operator having an evaluation strategy for its arguments. Each problem is illustrated with an 0BJ3 example. We propose a solution developed for the evaluation of functional modules in the Maude interpreter which is based on maintaining an invariant on the term graph by copying subgraphs where necessary. An executable Maude specification of this technique is presented. I thank Jose Meseguer for his advice on the structure of this paper and his help with the Maude specification. I also thank Patrick Lincoln and Francisco Duran for their detailed comments on earlier drafts.
MANAGING THE PRE-MODERN PRESIDENCY: JAMES K. POLK, THE OREGON CRISIS AND THE MEXICAN WAR

This paper analyzes the management style of President James K. Polk and his handling of two very critical events during his tenure: the Oregon Crisis and the Mexican War. A number of conclusions can be drawn. Polk subscribed to a collegial form of White House organization in which he occupied the center of the policy and political process. All important decisions were made by Polk as he delegated little authority. The costs and benefits of the collegial model are apparent in the Polk administration: the facilitation and origination of a number of feasible and quality policy options as well as the stress and strain of his labor-intensive managerial style. Finally, a comparison is made between Polk and President Jimmy Carter. Not only are there similarities in their respective management styles, but also with respect to their personalities and relationships with their advisors.
Further refinement and evaluation of intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy

Eighty-nine patients were treated with a modified procedure for intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy. Complications were virtually eliminated except for damage to the inferior alveolar nerve. Acute nerve damage occurred in about 36% of operated sides. Seventy-four percent of these damaged nerves recovered fully by one year. Only 8% of operated sides had persistent diminished sensation, usually mild, of the lower lip and chin. It is concluded that this technique should be seriously considered for mandibular ramus osteotomies when the mandible is going to be retruded or minimally moved in any other direction.
Effect of non-heparin thrombin antagonists on thrombin generation, platelet function, and clot structure in whole blood.

Platelet contractile force (PCF), which is absent in blood obtained during cardiopulmonary bypass, significantly recovers after protamine sulfate administration. In vitro studies reveal this effect to be primarily caused by heparin. Because many of heparin's effects are mediated by suppression of thrombin generation and activity, this study assessed the influence of thrombin inhibition on PCF. The effects of natural and synthetic antithrombins were measured. Clots were formed by the addition of batroxobin (0.21 μg/mL) to whole blood (platelet count 200,000/μL). Force development was measured from the moment of batroxobin addition. After 1200 s of clotting, purified antithrombin III (22 μM) reduced PCF by 74%. Thrombomodulin (0.014 μM) reduced PCF by 60%. At 0.040 μM, PCF was reduced by 82% (6.5–1.2 Kdynes). Hirudin decreased PCF in a dose-dependent fashion, with complete suppression at concentrations ≥0.30 μM. At concentrations between 0.04 and 0.29 μM, Lepirudin (Refludan, a recombinant therapeutic hirudin) produced dose-dependent delay and suppression of PCF. Above 0.29 μM Lepirudin, PCF was totally suppressed. At 1.60 μM, bivalirudin (a synthetic, 20 amino acid peptide) delayed and reduced PCF by 50%. At 6.40 μM, PCF was completely suppressed. Although 20 μM of P-PACK II (d-Phenylalanyl-L-Phenylalanylarginine-chloro-methyl ketone 2 HCl) had little effect, 40 μM delayed onset of force development from 300 to 600 s and reduced PCF at 1200 s from 5.2 to 3.3 Kdynes. At 120 μM, force development was totally suppressed. Four micromol Thromstop® (BNas-Gly-(pAM)Phe-Pip) delayed force development of greater than 800 s and PCF at 1200 s was reduced by 70%. At 0.20 μM, Argatroban (a synthetic polypeptide direct thrombin antagonist) delayed onset of PCF from 300 to 540 s and decreased PCF by 40%. At a concentration of 0.40 μM and above, Argatroban totally suppressed PCF. These results indicate that some of the antiplatelet effects of heparin are the result of thrombin inhibition and that low-level thrombin generation is essential for clot retraction. The sensitivity of PCF to the presence of thrombin may permit monitoring of antithrombin agents via this assay.
Prolonged swim‐test immobility of serotonin N‐acetyltransferase (AANAT)‐mutant mice

Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (AANAT; EC 2.3.1.87) metabolizes serotonin into N-acetylserotonin (NAS). AANAT mRNA is expressed in the pineal gland and retina, and also in the rat brain. It was proposed that NAS could be a mediator of the antidepressant action of drugs, and it was shown that chronic but not acute treatment of rats with the antidepressant fluoxetine increases the content of AANAT mRNA in the rat hippocampus. Consequently, AANAT deficiency might be involved in the pathobiology of depression. C57BL/6J mice have a mutant AANAT gene and are considered AANAT-deficient, i.e., "knocked down" (compared with their normal counterparts, C3H/HeJ mice). In this study, we investigated whether AANAT mRNA is expressed in the brain of C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ mice and whether those mice differ behaviorally, i.e., in a forced swimming test which is used to evaluate antidepressant drugs (such drugs shorten the time of immobility). We found that C3H/HeJ mice express in the brain normal AANAT mRNA, whereas C57BL/6J mice express mutated AANAT mRNA. The mutant, AANAT knocked down C57BL/6J mice displayed significantly longer times of immobility ("depression"). This difference was evident regardless of the circadian rhythm, i.e., both during the day and in the dark at night. Further studies are needed to fully characterize the behavioral significance of AANAT mutation and its possible link to depression.
Linkages in US and World Sugar Futures Contracts

In this paper we examine the relationship over time of the No. 11 (World) and the No. 14 (US) sugar futures contracts, traded on the New York Coffee, Sugar and Cocoa Exchange. Using daily price data for a 14 year period, we examine statistical linkages between domestic and world futures contracts. Our results suggest that the US and world markets exhibit strong linkages during periods when US imports are under tariff (1977–1982), but the US market is effectively insulated from world price changes by the operation of the quota program (1982–1990). The pattern of causality runs from the world to the US market during the tariff period. The US market does not appear to influence world market prices during either the tariff or the quota period.
Enabling remote access to computer networking laboratories for distance education

Academic organizations that provide students with the facilities for experimenting and learning basic and advanced concepts in networking rely on computer networking laboratories. These facilities can be implemented in many ways with varying degrees of cost, management complexity and capabilities. The benefits of these facilities can be extended by enabling remote access to them for distance education purposes. Providing remote access capabilities to these facilities with the objective of offering the learning experience of a computer networking laboratory to distance education students of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) programs is a challenging task. This paper provides a description and a comparative analysis of the implementation of three different computer network laboratory setups for which remote access was enabled and discusses lessons learned and good practices for similar setups.
Differences in Velocity of Auxin Movement Obtained by Intercept and Peak Arrival Methods

Velocity of IAA movement was determined by noting the time of arrival of an ether-soluble auxin wave, at a fixed distance, after presentation of an auxin pulse to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pinto) hypocotyl segments. The effects of IAA adsorption on wave symmetry were reduced by monitoring the arrival of ether-soluble auxin molecules. Velocity of auxin movement, as estimated by wave arrival, was slower than velocity estimated by the intercept method in controls and in both iodoacetate (IOAA) and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) treated tissue. Velocity of wave migration was reduced by both treatments but intercept velocity was reduced only by TIBA treatment. Velocity of IAA migration was faster in segments (independent of method of measurement) than from segments into agar by a factor of 4 to 8. The rate limiting step of auxin migration in the traditional agar-plant sandwich is the partitioning of IAA between the tissue and agar. It was suggested that arrival curves for pulsed auxin migration are analogous to elution profiles of chromatographic columns and that at least two populations of mobile molecules with different velocities exist. It was also suggested that the two velocities represent migration of auxin on two different pathways: the faster velocity representing auxin movement of water films which coast highly crosslinked polymers in the segment and the slower component representing a population which moves primarily within the matrices of crosslinked polymers. Velocity of both populations may be a function of tissue hydration and charge interactions of mobile molecules and matrix polymers.
Fracture risk among patients with Paget's disease: a population-based cohort study.

Localized disruption of bone architecture leads to an increased risk of pathological fractures in patients with Paget's disease, but the impact of the disease on overall fracture risk is unknown. We addressed this issue among 236 Olmsted County, Minnesota residents (107 women and 129 men) first diagnosed with Paget's disease from 1950 through 1994. These subjects (mean ± SD age at diagnosis, 69.6 ± 12.2 years) were followed subsequently for 2798 person-years. During this period of observation, 33 pathological fractures were attributed to Paget's disease (1 skull, 11 vertebra, 1 shaft/distal humerus, 1 pelvis, 6 proximal femur, 2 shaft/distal femur, and 11 tibia/fibula). Excluding the fractures through pagetic bone, there was no increase in overall fracture risk in this cohort (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 1.2; 95% CI, 0.9-1.4). However, there was a statistically significant increase in the risk of subsequent vertebra (SIR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.2-4.1) and rib fractures (SIR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.4) but not fractures of the proximal femur (SIR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-1.1) or distal forearm (SIR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.7-2.5). Thus, unselected patients with Paget's disease in the community, who mostly have mild disease, have a significantly increased risk of vertebral fractures, although this may relate partly to increased surveillance. Additional work is needed to clarify the relationship between Paget's disease and vertebral fractures and to identify individuals at increased risk for more aggressive therapy.
Maternal–fetal blood incompatibility and neuromorphologic anomalies in schizophrenia: Preliminary findings ☆

Prior research has shown that maternal-fetal Rhesus (Rh) and ABO blood incompatibility increase the risk for schizophrenia. In the present study, the relationship between blood incompatibility and volumes of brain structures previously implicated in schizophrenia was assessed in schizophrenia cases and controls from a large birth cohort. Rh/ABO incompatible cases had significantly reduced cortical gray matter volume compared to compatible cases, a finding which appears to be driven by significant volume reductions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal cortex. Larger hippocampal and putamen volumes were also observed in exposed controls compared to unexposed controls. Although the sample size is small and replications are required, these data suggest that maternal-fetal blood incompatibility may increase the risk for altered brain morphology in both schizophrenia and in controls. The findings also suggest that the larger hippocampal volume in exposed controls may indicate a mechanism of adaptive resilience which diminishes the risk that controls will develop schizophrenia.
Nanoscale Tectonics: Self-Assembly, Characterization, and Chemistry of a Novel Class of Organoplatinum Square Macrocycles

Six nanoscale molecular squares are reported. They are prepared in essentially quantitative yields via spontaneous self-assembly of preprogrammed 90° angular units with diverse bimetallic linear linkers. Characterization was accomplished with multinuclear NMR and, in two cases, via ESI-FTICR mass spectral data. The size of these novel metallomacrocycles range from 3.6 nm (diagonal) and 2.6 nm (side) for the smallest to 4.7 nm (diagonal) and 3.4 nm (side) for the largest as estimated by extensible systematic force field calculations. The molecular squares incorporating alkynyl units as corners are able to complex four Ag+ ions via the π-tweezer effect.
Delay, avoidance and protection in oviposition behaviour in response to fine-scale variation in egg parasitism risk

Organisms that do not provide parental care are challenged with multiple factors and risks in the selection of an oviposition site. Oviposition site selection greatly affects offspring fitness, but little is known about how females respond to fine-scale variation in environmental cues. The seed beetle, Mimosestes amicus , shows remarkable behavioural plasticity in response to variation in egg parasitism cues. When exposed to egg parasitoid adults, females superimpose eggs atop each other to protect bottom eggs from parasitism. Here, we examined egg protection behaviour in response to the microspatial distribution of parasitized eggs. We exposed females to treatments varying in the number and dispersion of parasitized eggs on seed pods. Our results showed that oviposition behaviour was influenced by the evenness of the distribution of parasitized eggs and suggest that M. amicus exhibits a conditional strategy on a highly localized ‘pod-by-pod’ basis. When pods bore no eggs or unparasitized eggs, beetles laid the greatest number of eggs, almost all singly. In contrast, stacking was greatest and oviposition most reduced when parasitized eggs were distributed across all of the five pods provided. Lastly, females avoided ovipositing on seed pods with parasitized eggs when other oviposition sites were available. In general, avoidance behaviour increased, stacking increased and oviposition decreased as the number of pods (one, three or five) with parasitized eggs increased. Our results provide novel evidence of an oviposition strategy that combines both risk avoidance and offspring protection. Avoidance behaviours and reductions in oviposition rate are likely to be obscure among animals and may be more common than has been documented to date.
On11: an activity recommendation application to mitigate sedentary lifestyle

Sedentary lifestyles have become ubiquitous in modern societies. Sitting, watching television and using the computer are sedentary behaviors that are now common worldwide. Research studies have shown that how often and how long a person is sedentary is linked with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Effective strategies for motivating people to become more active are now crucial. In this paper, we present a smartphone application called 'On11', which runs in the background of users' smartphones and monitors their daily physical activity continuously. Unlike traditional pedometers that only passively count steps and estimate burnt calories, On11 also detects sedentary behaviors (sitting, lying down). It presents 'at-a-glance' summaries of what percentage of the user's day have been spent sitting, walking, and running, and total calories burnt thus far that day so that the user can self-reflect. It records the intensity, duration, and type of activities performed and recommends personalized short walks and detours to users' regular routes such as home to workplace. The user can set performance goals, which allows On11 to suggest activities to help them meet their goals. The results of our preliminary user study were encouraging.
Examining the impact of gender on the factor structure of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised.

Research on the factor structure of psychopathy has yielded mixed results, supporting anywhere from one to three factors. Additionally, most of this research has used all-male samples, and the possibility of structural invariance across gender has not been examined. Using a mixed-gender sample of 360 undergraduates, the factor structure of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory--Revised was examined using confirmatory factor analysis and multiple group analysis. One-, two-, and three-factor models were tested and compared with each other. When males and females were combined, none of the three models provided adequate fit to the data. Multiple group analyses revealed partial invariance across gender for all three models. Model comparison criteria supported use of both the one- and two-factor models, taking into account variable factor structure across gender. The importance of considering structural differences based on biological sex when assessing psychopathic traits is discussed.
The remote surveillance of forest fires.

The radiometric considerations for fifteen forest fire surveillance and detection systems are reviewed. The system response is optimized in the 3–6-μ spectral region. A formulation of system noise-equivalent temperature is presented in terms of operational performance requirements and start-of-the-art component parameters. The radiometric criteria are investigated for detection of incipient forest fires and mapping of terrain background. Obscuration of fire targets by timber canopies is discussed. A prototype fire detection system based on these considerations is being evaluated.
Attachment, parental incarceration and possibilities for intervention: An overview

Incarceration of parents and pregnant women, which is quite common in the United States, creates problems for the incarcerated individuals' children. Here we summarize attachment research related to this issue and explain how attachment-related interventions might reduce both the negative effects on children of having their parents incarcerated and the likelihood of future crime and incarceration on the part of both the adults and their children. We consider the intergenerational transmission of attachment insecurity, the practice of having an incarcerated adult's parent take custody of the children, and the multitude of problems associated with incarcerated adults' attachment insecurity (including perpetrated and received abuse, drug and alcohol problems, a history of educational and employment difficulties, and inadequate models of parenting). We discuss validated attachment intervention programs that might be used with incarcerated parents, as well as barriers to implementing such programs.
Comparative toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides to terrestrial and aquatic insects

The acute toxicities of three pyrethroid insecticides (permethrin, cypermethrin, and bi-fenthrin) and one organophosphate insecticide (chlorpyrifos) were compared by topical application and static exposure to a variety of terrestrial and aquatic insects. Mayflies and damselflies were the most susceptible taxa tested by both exposure methods. The aquatic insects were generally more susceptible than the terrestrial insects when compared on a dose per body weight basis, although the differences were smaller than expected, given the extremely low concentrations that produce toxic effects by static exposure.
Processing noisy structured textual data using a fuzzy matching approach: application to postal address errors

A multiparadigm approach is developed and demonstrated for exploiting knowledge about structure for the purpose of extracting information from noisy textual data. A motivating example of a potential application would be an address encoding system for a delivery service such as UPS, Federal Express or the United States Post Office. This approach combines aspects of database organization and clustering of records, fuzzy parsing, fuzzy retrieval, an aggregation algebra, and measures of both performance and accuracy. Fuzzy retrieval, in the form of set and fuzzy operators, is accomplished by considering each symbol of the input text to be imperfect and retrieving non-exact matching records from the database that hold for a particular threshold value. The set of low-level database operators constrains the cardinality and accuracy of retrievals. A hierarchical method of clustering the database is defined, whereby the records are partitioned in a manner such that similar records are in the same cluster. This clustering strategy is guaranteed to be mutually exclusive and a complete cover of the data records. Associated with these clusters is an algebra that combines clusters of data into one window of ranked data. A set of fuzzy measures is defined that are used to aggregate and rank sets of records.
Diffusion in stabilized delta plutonium, I. Gallium

Abstract Iterdiffusion coefficients were measured on fcc lowgallium (3.0 and 7.9 at %) plutonium alloy couples annealed between 350 and 517 °C. Concentration-penetration data obtained with an electron microprobe analyzer were fitted by a least-squares technique to give the following Arrhenius relationship D = 1.3exp [−37 350 cal/RT] cm2/sec.
Phase II study of esorubicin (4'deoxydoxorubicin) in anthracycline naive patients with ovarian cancer.

Sixteen patients with metastatic ovarian cancer who had not previously been treated with anthracyclines were treated with 4′ deoxydoxorubicin at a dose of 30 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks. There were no clinical responses in this group of patients. Toxicities were infrequent with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia being dose limiting. Nausea and vomiting occurred in only 4 patients. We conclude that 4′ deoxydoxorubicin is an inactive drug in this patient population and does not warrant further investigation in this disease.
Total Synthesis of Sporolide B and 9-epi-Sporolide B

The total synthesis of the structurally unique secondary metabolite sporolide B (1b) is described. The total synthesis of 1b was developed on the basis of preliminary studies that revealed the reac...
Time-dependent density functional theory with ultrasoft pseudopotentials: Real-time electron propagation across a molecular junction

A practical computational scheme based on time-dependent density functional theory TDDFT and ultrasoft pseudopotentials USPP is developed to study electron dynamics in real time. A modified Crank-Nicolson time-stepping algorithm is adopted, under plane-wave basis. The scheme is validated by calculating the optical absorption spectra for a sodium dimer and a benzene molecule. As an application of this USPP-TDDFT formalism, we compute the time evolution of a test electron packet at the Fermi energy of the left metallic lead crossing a benzene-1,4-dithiolate junction. A transmission probability of 5‐7%, corresponding to a conductance of 4.0‐5.6 S, is obtained. These results are consistent with complex band structure estimates and Green’s function calculation results at small bias voltages.
The Reactivity-Selectivity principle and the electrophilic substitution of aromatic compounds

Abstract The application of the Reactivity-Selectivity principle (RSP) to the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction has been reinvestigated using the N-nitrosoamide decomposition as the source of electrophiles. Plots of pf vs σ+ for 4-methylbenzyl, benzyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, and 4-nitrobenzyl cations] yielded ϱ values of −3.4, −2.5, −2.4, and −1.2, resp. The data indicate that the Reactivity-Selectivity Principle is applicable to the electrophilic substitution of aromatic compounds contrary to a claim in the literature. A claim that a reactivity reversal should occur in Friedel-Crafts benzylation is also shown to be in question.
Ceramic on-Ceramic Hip Implants: Analysis of Friction Induced Squeal

Ceramic-on-Ceramic (CoC) bearings are an ideal choice for a total hip replacement because of the ceramic bearings’ longer wear life than Metal-on-Metal or Metal-on-Polyethylene bearings. Friction-induced squeaking has been reported in 1–10% of patients who have a ceramic-on-ceramic total hip replacement, which is a subject of annoyance. Many mechanisms have been proposed to address the squeaking phenomena in CoC hip replacements, but there is no consensus among researchers on the root cause behind the squeaking of hip implants. The goal of this study was to investigate the possible factors attributing to the hip squeak, and understand the underlying phenomenon based on the coupling stiffness of the bearing surface. Boundary conditions for the CoC hip bearing to produce audible noise were also identified. An explanted Stryker Trident CoC hip bearing that had been removed due to squeaking was analyzed visually and by computer simulation. Grey marks on the femoral head of the implant showed material transfer of titanium alloy onto the alumina head. Using modal analysis, the natural frequencies of all the components of the implant were determined. Random vibration analysis was conducted to identify the ideal boundary conditions for the CoC hip bearing.The results from the modal analysis and calculated stiffness and damping coefficients were used in the mathematical two degree-of-freedom (DOF) model to calculate the velocity and position of the two masses in the system. State-Space plots of the parametric analysis were used to evaluate the stability of the system. Mathematical Analysis involved the investigation of the role of the frictional stick-slip phenomenon of the metal shell and ceramic liner on squeal. The size of the limit cycle provides an indication of the degree of severity of a noisy condition.With only metallic shell affixed to the acetabulum constrained, the modal natural frequency was 3600 Hz which was very close to the free vibration results of the bearing. The Power Spectral Densities displayed the audible frequencies at 11.4 kHz. The limit cycle plots show that a variation in coupling contact stiffness has an influence on the behavior/stability of the system. The study underscored the relevance of material transfer on the bearing surface using the mathematical analysis by varying the coupling stiffness of the bearing surface. In addition, random vibration analysis in conjunction with the parametric analysis identified the ideal boundary condition to produce the squeal frequencies as observed by others.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Symplectic Groups and Permutation Polynomials, Part II

The linear group trinomial provides a mnemonic device for the recently discovered permutation polynomials of Muller, Cohen, and Matthews, whereas the symplectic group equation generalizes them, thereby giving rise to strong genus zero coverings for characteristic two.
Relationship of pase to moderate/vigorous physical activity measured by accelerometry in the osteoarthritis initiative

Purpose: Physical activity conveys health benefits for people with osteoarthritis (OA). Epidemiological studies often use self-reported instruments to explore this relationship, but these measures do not effectively capture actual time spent in physical activity in varying intensities. Public health physical activity guidelines are tied to time spent in physical activity of moderate/vigorous intensity. This study utilizes accelerometers to objectively assess time spent in moderate/vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in adults with knee OA.We investigated the correlation of objectivemeasures with less burdensome subjective measures from Physical Activity Scale in the Elderly (PASE) scores. We also evaluated the association of subjective and objective measures to physical function. Methods: Cross-sectional accelerometer data from 969 adults aged 55 and above with radiographic knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence 2 in one or both knees) participating in the Osteoarthritis Initiative accelerometer monitoring ancillary study was assessed for physical activity and function. Participants’ response to the PASE questionnaire was followed by 7 days of accelerometer monitoring. Accelerometer measures included average daily minutes in MVPA and average daily minutes in MVPA sessions of 10 minutes or more (MVPA bouts). Other subjective measures including WOMAC (Western OntarioMacMaster) function, SF12 (12-Item Short Form Health Survey) physical function, objective measure gait speed averaged from two 20 meter walks, and covariables including demographics (age, gender), and heath factors (BMI and waist circumference) were assessed. Results: Mean PASE score was 149.80 (SD1⁄478.4) and mean accelerometer MVPA was 15.55 minutes/day (SD1⁄417.18). PASE scores were modestly correlated with average daily minutes in MVPA (r1⁄40.31) and MVPA bouts (r1⁄40.21). PASE scores correlated better with accelerometer measures of MVPA and MVPA bouts in participants who were particularly inactive (characterized by older age, higher BMI, and greater waist circumference). There were no significant gender effects. Accelerometer measures of MVPA and MVPA bouts compared to PASE scores had stronger correlation in WOMAC function (r:-0.14, -0.12 versus -0.02), SF12 physical function (r: 0.22, 0.19, versus 0.07), and gait speed (r: 0.35, 0.29, versus 0.16). Conclusions: In this population with radiographic knee OA, modest correlations of PASE with accelerometer MVPA assessments limit the ability to use this self-reported instrument to explore relationships of activity intensity and OA. Accelerometry data are complementary and help to better characterize the effects of physical activity on health outcomes. Accelerometer MVPA and MVPA bouts were more strongly associated with physical function than PASE, although that correlation was modest at best. The choice of PASE versus objectivemeasurement for future epidemiologic studies must take into account the purpose for which physical activity is being measured.
The effect of seatbelt use on injury patterns, disposition, and hospital charges for elders

Objective: To study the relationships between seatbelt use and injury patterns, hospital charges, morbidity, and mortality in elder motor vehicle crash victims. Methods: A retrospective review of individuals at least 65 years old presenting to an urban emergency department (ED) after a motor vehicle crash. Results: Over a two-year period, 339 patients had documentation of seatbelt use or non-use at the time of the crash. Of these, 241 (71%) patients had been wearing a seatbelt and 98 (29%) had not. Elders not using seatbelts were more likely to require hospitalization (29% unbelted vs. 17% belted) and had a higher mortality rate. Injury patterns were different in the two groups. Emergency department charges were significantly different between belted and unbelted elders ($351 vs. $451, p = 0.01) and head computed tomography (CT) utilization was higher in the unbelted group (25.6% vs 12.7%, p = 0.005). Conclusions: Improved seatbelt compliance in elders can reduce injuries, hospitalization rates, ED charges, and mortality resulting from motor vehicle crashes.
Myelin basic protein inhibits histone-specific protein methylase I

Bovine brain myelin basic protein, free of associated proteolytic activity, was found to be a specific inhibitor of histone-specific protein methylase I (S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protein-L-arginine N-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.23) purified from bovine brain. 50% of the methyl group incorporation into the histone substrate catalyzed by the methylase I was inhibited by myelin basic protein at a concentration of 0.326 mM. However, neither of the peptide fragments (residues 1-116 and residues 117-170) generated by the chemical cleavage of myelin basic protein at the tryptophan residue retained the inhibitory activity for histone-specific protein methylase I. Proteins such as gamma-globulin, bovine serum albumin, bovine pancreatic ribonuclease and polyarginine did not exhibit significant inhibitory activity toward the enzyme. The Ki value for myelin basic protein was estimated to be 3.42 X 10(-5) M for histone-specific protein methylase I and the nature of the inhibition was uncompetitive toward histone substrate.
Fabrication of W-1%ThO2 Reinforced Fe-25Cr-8Al-0.5Y Superalloy Matrix Composite

Four different aligned W-1%ThO[sub 2] reinforced Fe-25Cr-8Al-0.5Y matrix fiber reinforced superalloy [FRS] material billets were produced by powder metallurgical processing. Three materials differed only in reinforcing fiber aspect ratio, while one material included a small diameter, misoriented Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] hybrid reinforcement. Tensile and thermal cycling specimens were fabricated from the composite billets by using abrasive water jet and turning processes. Finally the specimens were protected from high temperature oxidation by a FeCrAlY thermal spray coating. Metallurgical and mechanical properties were evaluated and discussed.