cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural Roots of Visions of the Future: World-System Crisis and Stability and the Production of Utopian Literature in the United States, 1883–1975

This paper examines the linkages among the ideological, political, and economic dimensions of the world-system by looking at changes in the publication of two types of utopian novels in the United States. We argue that positive and negative visions of the future (eutopian and dystopian literature, respectively) can be treated as aspects of the ideological dimension of the world-system. As part of such an interrelated system, the volume of utopias should change in response to periods of crisis and stability in the political, economic, and cultural dimensions of the system. A time-series analysis indicates that both types of utopian literature are affected by changing conditions of the world-system. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that the world-system perspective represents a promising approach for the study of ideological change. In a recent article (Kiser and Drass, 1987), we showed that world-system crises such as hegemonic decline and prolonged economic contractions tended to increase the publication of eutopian literature in both Great Britain and the United States. This paper builds on our earlier work both theoretically and empirically. The theoretical focus of our previous work was almost exclusively on issues within world-systems theory. In the present article we integrate the world-systems issues with contemporary work on international relations. Specifically, we include an increased emphasis on global and national wars, a discussion of the current debate on the causes of foreign policy beliefs (cf. Ferguson, 1986; Holsti and Rosenau, 1986a; Kegley, 1986), and an assessment of the implications of our work for debates on hegemonic stability theory (Organski, 1958:338-76; Krasner, 1976, 1983; Modelski, 1978; Keohane,
THU0178 Circulating free protein S levels may be linked to cardiovascular events and venous thrombosis in SLE

Background SLE patients are at risk for diverse organ systems involvement, which increases the challenges for diagnosis and predictions for the development of specific clinical features. In recent studies we have compared traditional and novel serologic markers and identified profiles that correlate with levels of overall clinical disease activity, and for specific organ system involvement (1). In the current studies we extended our studies to surveys of levels of Protein S, a vitamin K dependent factor implicated both in the coagulation cascade and as a ligand for the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase family that regulates inflammatory responses and apoptotic cell clearance. Objectives To determine whether levels of Protein S can identify sets of SLE patients with distinct clinical features. Methods In cross-sectional surveys of the well-characterized Hopkins SLE cohort, we assessed levels of free Protein S with a commercial immunoassay. All clinical and experimental data was imported into a customized database where multivariate methods were used to seek natural divisions in the sample set based on a panel of IgM and IgG lupus/apoptosis-associated natural autoantibodies and to relate them to various clinical parameters. Systems analyses with both laboratory assays and clinical data were performed using Mathworks Matlab V.7.12. Results In surveys of 90 SLE patients, low Protein S levels correlated with a history of DVT/PE (N=12, Spearman, P Conclusions Levels of free Protein S were shown to correlate with the SLE subset with clinical DVT/PE and for MI/CVA events. These patients did not have profiles associated with higher overall disease activity and greater systemic inflammation. These findings support the hypothesis that disturbance in levels of the anti-coagulant Protein S may plays roles in both venous thrombopathy and cardiovascular events, which is relevant to the development of better personalized evaluation and therapy. Collectively, this study describes a potential biomarker, free Protein S, which identifies a SLE subgroup that may be at risk for events linked to a Protein S-associated pathogenic mechanism. References Gronwall et al. Clinical Immunology 2012 (in press) Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Delineating the Influence of Emotion and Reason on Morality and Punishment

The present article examines the available literature on the association between emotion, conscious reasoning, morality, and punishment. Although conscious reasoning has traditionally been implicat...
A New Genus (Excavanus) and Species of Mexican Leafhoppers Related to Acunasus (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)

Apparently related to Acunasus but with a narrower head and a simple type of venation of the fore wing. Vertex short and broad, decidedly narrower than pronotum. Margin thin and foliaceous, disc deeply broadly excavated. Pronotum strongly roundedly produced anteriorly, and strongly, broadly emarginate posteriorly, disc with conspicuous transverse striae. Elytra long and rather narrow, venation simple.
The Psychodynamic Determinants of Moses and Monotheism

Many writers have commented on the lack of Freud's usual level of logic and powers of persuasion in Moses and Monotheism. The majority attribute it to the significance of dynamic determinants in Freud himself--most notably, identification with Moses. Fromm (1972) says "one must assume that Freud's preoccupation with Moses was rooted in the deep unconscious identification with him" (p. 79). Unfortunately, the situation is much more complex. Although many pertinent observations have been made, what is needed is a detailed dissection of the text, a correlation with elements from Freud's personal life, and an overall psychoanalytic synthesis of the data. This paper makes a beginning in that direction, incorporating the ideas of other investigators with those of the author--but it is hoped that much more detailed analysis and biographical correlation will follow. There is a wealth of information about Freud in Moses and Monotheism and no one paper will exhaust it. In this examination no attempt will be made to evaluate Moses and Monotheism for its literary, psychohistorical, or scientific merit. The focus is on the psychodynamic determinants of Freud's essay.
SU‐G‐201‐08: Energy Response of Thermoluminescent Microcube Dosimeters in Water for Kilovoltage X‐Ray Beams

Purpose: To characterize the energy dependence for TLD-100 microcubes in water at kilovoltage energies. Methods: TLD-100 microcubes with dimensions of (1 × 1 × 1) mm3 were irradiated with kilovoltage x-rays in a custom-built thin-window liquid water phantom. The TLD-100 microcubes were held in Virtual Water™ probes and aligned at a 2 cm depth in water. Irradiations were performed using the M-series x-ray beams of energies ranging from 50-250 kVp and normalized to a 60Co beam located at the UWADCL. Simulations using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo Code System were performed to model the x-ray beams, the 60Co beam, the water phantom and the dosimeters in the phantom. The egs_chamber user code was used to tally the dose to the TLDs and the dose to water. The measurements and calculations were used to determine the intrinsic energy dependence, absorbed-dose energy dependence, and absorbed-dose sensitivity. These values were compared to TLD-100 chips with dimensions of (3.2 × 0.9 × 0.9) mm3. Results: The measured TLD-100 microcube response per dose to water among all investigated x-ray energies had a maximum percent difference of 61% relative to 60Co. The simulated ratio of dose to water to the dose to TLD had a maximum percent difference of 29% relative to 60Co. The ratio of dose to TLD to the TLD output had a maximum percent difference of 13% relative to 60Co. The maximum percent difference for the absorbed-dose sensitivity was 15% more than the used value of 1.41. Conclusion: These results confirm that differences in beam quality have a significant effect on TLD response when irradiated in water. These results also indicated a difference in TLD-100 response between microcube and chip geometries. The intrinsic energy dependence and the absorbed-dose energy dependence deviated up to 10% between TLD-100 microcubes and chips.
Determinism and Predictability

In the realm of science-fiction we often find stories of time travel. Such stories often involve curious twists or paradoxes. The writers of these stories are not naive; they understand full well the impossibility of time travel. The interest we feel in their fiction derives from our “willing suspension of disbelief” and our curiosity to consider all the “what if’s” of time-travel situations.
Near-resonant four-wave mixing of attosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses with near-infrared pulses in neon: Detection of electronic coherences

Coherent narrow-band extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) light is generated by a near-resonant four-wave mixing (FWM) process between attosecond pulse trains and near-infrared pulses in neon gas. The near-resonant FWM process involves one vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) photon and two near-infrared (NIR) photons and produces new higher-energy frequency components corresponding to the $ns/nd$ to ground-state $(2{s}^{2}2{p}^{6})$ transitions in the neon atom. The EUV emission exhibits small angular divergence (2 mrad) and monotonically increasing intensity over a pressure range of 0.5--16 Torr, suggesting phase matching in the production of the narrow-bandwidth coherent EUV light. In addition, time-resolved scans of the NIR nonlinear mixing process reveal the detection of a persistent, ultrafast bound electronic wave packet based on a coherent superposition initiated by the VUV pulse in the neon atoms. This FWM process using attosecond pulses offers a means for both efficient narrow-band EUV source generation and time-resolved investigations of ultrafast dynamics.
What Do They Link

This chapter introduces the first two upper-elementary classrooms: the students in Mrs. Olson ’s classroom studying a number of topics in social studies and the students in Mr. Jackson ’s classroom who were studying the Roman Empire and engaging in a note-taking process. Structural descriptions of prior knowledge, including Piaget ’s schemes, information-processing schema and semantic networks, provide a foundation to compare how the Mind as Rhizome metaphor prompts for understanding elements of students’ knowledge that might vary given individual experiences and may even be labeled as misconceptions. The chapter concludes with an introduction to semiotics , which provides a description of how the linking process works as it does.
Implications of an Occupational Health Perspective for Educator Stress Research, Practice, and Policy

This final chapter reviews the implications of applying an occupational health perspective to research, practice and policy on educator stress. It argues for the need to bring educator stress to the forefront of education research and practice in terms of explanatory models, research methodology, and intervention strategies. Applying models and methods of occupational health psychology to addressing the negative individual and organizational consequences of educator stress is one such avenue. The chapter outlines important areas for research that have the potential to expand knowledge and inform interventions directed at supporting quality teaching and student learning. The relation between educator stress and performance has seen fewer studies, especially in its relation to teaching effectiveness. The topic of school violence has merited public attention and policy development, although educator stress processes have not been included in the research or intervention efforts to address this important issue. An occupational health perspective emphasizes the importance of a systemic and preventive view of work stress, and thus expanding the research agenda to consider stress in school systems would greatly benefit comprehensive intervention and policy efforts. Expanding educator stress research and intervention with school leadership could better inform administrative practices with positive implications for the whole school organization. Knowledge on educator stress also draws implications for training and development of school leaders and teachers, bringing well-being to the center of improving schools and transforming them into healthy organizations.
Step-Economical Photoassisted Diversity-Oriented Synthesis: Sustaining Cascade Photoreactions in Oxalyl Anilides to Access Complex Polyheterocyclic Molecular Architectures

Atom- and step-economy in photoassisted diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) is achieved with a versatile oxalyl linker offering rapid access to complex alkaloid mimics in very few experimentally simple steps: (i) it allows for fast tethering of the photoactive core to the unsaturated pendants, especially important in the case of (hetero)aromatic amines—essentially a one-pot reaction with no isolation of intermediates; (ii) the α-dicarbonyl tether acts as a chromophore enhancer, extending the conjugation chain and facilitating the “harvest” of the lower energy photons for the primary and secondary photoreactions; (iii) it enhances the quantum yield of intersystem crossing (ISC), i.e., it is capable of sensitizing secondary photochemical processes in the cascade; and (iv) the tether forms an additional heterocyclic moiety, imidazolidine-4,5-dione, a known pharmacophore. The overall photoassisted cascade is an efficient complexity-building process as quantified by computed step-normalized complexity indices, ...
Introduction to Accounting for Taste

Sensory evaluation has been defined as a scientific method used to evoke, measure, analyze and interpret those responses to products as perceived trough the senses of sight, smell, touch, taste, an...
“I Alone Can Solve”: Carl Schmitt on Sovereignty and Nationhood Under Trump

As a candidate Donald Trump styled himself uniquely equipped to enact the will of a thickly racialized national community. His campaign may thus be read alongside Carl Schmitt’s key concepts: the friend/enemy distinction fundamental to politics, a popular sovereignty founded in an organically united Volk. But what of Trump’s presidency? Here, too, Schmitt’s thought is helpful, particularly his work on commissarial dictatorship as a response to a state of emergency—we will read in this light the “Muslim Ban” and the pardon of Sheriff Joe Arpaio. Rather than creating new executive powers, this chapter argues that Trump is exploiting existing ones. This is inevitable: Presidents will seek to exercise the powers available to them, and the US Constitutional tradition fails to provide effective tools for distinguishing between the executive’s legitimate and baseless emergency actions. Schmitt’s thought and career are marred by precisely the same failure.
A Re-examination of Boys’ and Girls’ Causal Attributions for Success and Failure Based on New Zealand Data

Almost any study one conducts on achievement motivation is likely to turn up sex differences, provided subjects of both sexes are included. At an earlier time, these differences seemed to represent nuisance value for achievement motivation re-seachers. The scene has changed dramatically. The cry is now, “vive la difference.” We actively seek sex differences, though the ultimate aim is often their elimination.
La abadesa embargada por el pie

Sexual repression has provoked in human communication various mechanisms of displacement by which the genitals have been replaced with other parts of the body. The foot (legs, thighs), focus of attention in this study, has obvious sexual connotations in numerous biblical texts, in Spanish learned, religious narrative and traditional lyrics, and in colloquial proverbs and other sayings in English, French, German and Spanish cultures. The contributions of psychoanalysts and ethnologists are very helpfull in dilucidating the psychogenesis of the symbolic foot; a literary and philological analysis of Berceo' s myracle on the abbess impregnated through the foot shows how gracefully the first Castilian poet evoided the direct, cacophonic and anxiety arousing language and replaced it with traditional metonimies and witty and ambiguous etimologies.
Protection of ATP-Depleted Cells by Impermeant Strychnine Derivatives: Implications for Glycine Cytoprotection

Glycine and structurally related amino acids with activities at chloride channel receptors in the central nervous system also have robust protective effects against cell injury by ATP depletion. The glycine receptor antagonist strychnine shares this protective activity. An essential step toward identification of the molecular targets for these compounds is to determine whether they protect cells through interactions with intracellular targets or with molecules on the outer surface of plasma membranes. Here we report cytoprotection by a cell-impermeant derivative of strychnine. A strychnine-fluorescein conjugate (SF) was synthesized, and impermeability of plasma membranes to this compound was verified by fluorescence confocal microscopy. In an injury model of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, ATP depletion led to lactate dehydrogenase release. SF prevented lactate dehydrogenase leakage without ameliorating ATP depletion. This was accompanied by preservation of cellular ultrastructure and exclusion of vital dyes. SF protection was also shown for ATP-depleted rat hepatocytes. On the other hand, when a key structural motif in the active site of strychnine was chemically blocked, the SF lost its protective effect, establishing strychnine-related specificity for SF protection. Cytoprotective effects of the cell-impermeant strychnine derivative provide compelling evidence suggesting that molecular targets on the outer surface of plasma membranes may mediate cytoprotection by strychnine and glycine.
TRAILING THE PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the results of research conducted to study propionic acid bacteria. The properties of propionic acid are as follows. (1) They metabolize glycerol and some other compounds with a net uptake of CO2. Very few species aside from the autotrophs have this property. (2) They ferment glucose labeled in any one of its six carbons to products that contain the tracer in every carbon of the product. This is in marked contrast to much fermentation that are so faithful that the location of the carbon in a product may be used as an exact indicator of the origin of that carbon in the glucose. (3) They contain a host of interesting enzymes. One contains a corrinoid, another biotin. One provided the first clearly demonstrated example of a pyrophosphoryl form of an enzyme as well as a phosphoryl form and with a novel kinetic mechanism that is tri uni uni ping pong. Trailing of the propionic acid bacteria began at Iowa State College (now Iowa State University) at Ames, Iowa, in the early 1930s during the depression.
DigiPlex: Future-Ready Data Centers

This case is based on DigiPlex, the largest data center provider in Scandinavia. The company plans to build another data center just outside of Stockholm, Sweden. The case asks students to evaluate a project plan and use the data to diagram the critical path. The case opens with DigiPlex chairman Byrne Murphy at the negotiation table with the key anchor customer needed in order to get his newest project off the ground. The project has already been delayed 41 weeks, and Murphy learned that its client might want to postpone the handover another several weeks. Murphy had long trusted critical path analysis during moments where key decisions needed to be made around both engineering problems and economic questions in projects. Murphy had to decide how much more risk and expense they would be taking if the target delivery date changed. In order to answer that question, Murphy referred back to the critical path to rethink it. Excerpt UVA-QA-0880 Oct. 3, 2017 DigiPlex: Future-Ready Data Centers With negotiations running almost a year behind, DigiPlex's Chairman Byrne Murphy was back at the table with the key prospect for the anchor customer needed to get his newest project off the ground. DigiPlex was the largest data center provider in Scandinavia and had plans to build another data center just outside of Stockholm, Sweden. The analysis Murphy relied on indicated that both parties had to agree to a move-in date of the first weekend of April 2015, which was coming up faster and faster. In the meeting, Murphy learned that DigiPlex's client, a large financial institution, would only move over the first weekend in April or would like to postpone the handover to January 1, 2016. At this point, Murphy asked his director of development to step outside the room with him. Murphy had long trusted critical path analysis during moments when key decisions needed to be made around both design problems and economic questions. “The barrier to entry in the data center world is credibility,” Murphy said. “It's no longer the fiber, nor power, nor financing, but rather: Do you have credibility and can I trust you with my mission-critical equipment and data in your center?” Meeting project deadlines was the most fundamental way of preserving credibility. Murphy asked his development director what was needed to do to keep the project on track. The client's move-in date was dependent on contract signing, which was already delayed. “Let's see those charts,” he said. “What is the impact if we suffer another delay?” Byrne Murphy and Critical Path Analysis . . .
High-Resolution Mapping of the Escherichia coli Chromosome Reveals Positions of High and Low Transcription.

Summary Recent studies on targeted gene integrations in bacteria have demonstrated that chromosomal location can substantially affect a gene’s expression level. However, these studies have only provided information on a small number of sites. To measure position effects on transcriptional propensity at high resolution across the genome, we built and analyzed a library of over 144,000 genome-integrated, standardized reporters in a single mixed population of Escherichia coli. We observed more than 20-fold variations in transcriptional propensity across the genome when the length of the chromosome was binned into broad 4 kbp regions; greater variability was observed over smaller regions. Our data reveal peaks of high transcriptional propensity centered on ribosomal RNA operons and core metabolic genes, while prophages and mobile genetic elements were enriched in less transcribable regions. In total, our work supports the hypothesis that E. coli has evolved gene-independent mechanisms for regulating expression from specific regions of its genome.
Genome-wide association analysis and gene set enrichment analysis with SNP data identify genes associated with 305-day milk yield in Holstein dairy cows.

Milk production traits, such as 305-day milk yield (305MY), have been under direct selection to improve production in dairy cows. Over the past 50 years, the average milk yield has nearly doubled, and over 56% of the increase is attributable to genetic improvement. As such, additional improvements in milk yield are still possible as new loci are identified. The objectives of this study were to detect SNPs and gene sets associated with 305MY in order to identify new candidate genes contributing to variation in milk production. A population of 781 primiparous Holstein cows from six central Washington dairies with records of 305MY and energy corrected milk were used to perform a genome-wide association analysis (GWAA) using the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip (777 962 SNPs) to identify QTL associated with 305MY (P 3.0) and leading edge genes (LEGs) influencing 305MY. The GWAA identified three QTL comprising 34 SNPs and 30 positional candidate genes. In the GSEA-SNP, five gene sets with 58 unique and 24 shared LEGs contributed to 305MY. Identification of QTL and LEGs associated with 305MY can provide additional targets for genomic selection to continue to improve 305MY in dairy cattle.
An Unhappily Married Patient.

Overall, marriage enhances health. Men gain greater health benefits from marriage than their wives. Conversely, wives are more negatively affected by a bad marriage than their husbands. In general, the health benefit of marriage is maximized in a good marriage but negated in a bad marriage.
Vesicostomy button: how is it placed, in whom, and how is quality of life affected?

ABSTRACT Purpose The vesicostomy button has been shown to be a safe and effective bladder management strategy for short- or medium-term use when CIC cannot be instituted. This study reports our use with the vesicostomy button, highlighting the pros and cons of its use and complications. We then compared the quality or life in patients with vesicostomy button to those performing clean intermittent catheterization. Materials and Methods Retrospective chart review was conducted on children who had a vesicostomy button placed between 2011 and 2015. Placement was through existing vesicostomy, open or endoscopically. We then evaluated placement procedure and complications. A validated quality of life questionnaire was given to patients with vesicostomy button and to a matched cohort of patients performing clean intermittent catheterization. Results Thirteen children have had a vesicostomy button placed at our institution in the 4 year period, ages 7 months to 18 years. Indications for placement included neurogenic bladder (5), non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder (3), and valve bladders (5). Five out of 7 placed via existing vesicostomy had leakage around button. None of the endoscopically placed buttons had leakage. Complications were minor including UTI (3), wound infection (1), and button malfunction/leakage (3). QOL was equal and preserved in patients living with vesicostomy buttons when compared to CIC. Conclusion The vesicostomy button is an acceptable alternative to traditional vesicostomy and CIC. The morbidity of the button is quite low. Endoscopic insertion is the optimal technique. QOL is equivalent in patients with vesicostomy button and those who perform CIC.
Clustering Blood Pressure Trajectories in Septic Shock in the Emergency Department

Hemodynamic management of sepsis in the emergency department relies on fluid resuscitation and vasoactive therapy to maintain adequate blood pressure and end-organ perfusion. While typical practice targets certain thresholds of blood pressure (such as 65 mmHg mean arterial or 90 mmHg systolic blood pressure [SBP]), little consideration is given to temporal dynamics of blood pressure. In this work, we use unsupervised learning methods to reveal characteristic SBP trajectories in the two hours either surrounding the start of hypotensive episodes (SBP < 90 mmHg) or immediately preceding the initiation of vasopressor therapy. Our results show that hypotensive episodes tended to either resolve very quickly (within 40 minutes) or extend for prolonged periods (at least 1 hour). Those with prolonged hypotension constituted 74% of all patients with at least one measurement of SBP < 90 mmHg. Of them, patients who entered hypotension by a large, acute drop from a normal SBP over the preceding hour had a greater incidence of subsequent vasopressor administration than those with a more gradual decline into hypotension. Overall, our results suggest that a significant subset of patients, especially those with stable but low SBP, should have received vasopressors when they did not, or should have received them sooner. Dynamic trajectories appear to be important factors in clinical practice of hemodynamic management of sepsis.
The ABC Model: Commentary from the Perspective of the Two Pyramids Model of Radicalization

In this commentary, I compare the ABC model of radicalization with the Two Pyramids model of radicalization. Both models distinguish radicalization of opinion from radicalization of action. Beyond ...
A LITERATURE REVIEW AND CLINICAL COMMENTARY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ILIOTIBIAL BAND SYNDROME IN RUNNERS.

Background and purpose Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) is the second leading cause of pain in runners and there are a number of theories related to its etiology. Multiple theories exist for the etiology of ITBS related symptoms including anterior-posterior friction of the IT band on the lateral femoral condyle during knee flexion and extension activities, compression of a layer of fat near the IT band distal attachment, and inflammation of the IT band bursa. The purpose of this literature review and clinical commentary was to explore the potential factors that contribute to ITBS development in runners. Description of topic with related evidence A literature review was performed to gather relevant evidence related to the topic and then categorized according to prospective and retrospective results. The electronic databases PubMed, EBSCOhost, CINAHL, and SportDiscus were utilized with the search terms iliotibial band, iliotibial band syndrome, iliotibial pain, and runners. The inclusion criteria included English-language, peer-reviewed journals; adult male or female runners, whether competitive or recreational with regard to mileage; subjects that either had a previous or existing diagnosis of ITBS or were at risk for developing ITBS; retrospective and prospective designs were included and the majority of studies reviewed were cohort or case-control designs. Discussion/relation to clinical practice The literature was either contradictory or inconclusive to support a link between ITBS and decreased muscle strength or endurance. A weak correlation existed between strain rate of the hip abductor muscles with hip adduction and knee internal rotation, increased knee internal rotation during the stance phase of gait, and a diminished rearfoot eversion angle at heel strike. Additionally, decreased hip adduction angles during stance phase were observed in individuals without active symptoms but who had a previous history of ITBS. Finally, the female gender may be a predisposing factor. Level of evidence 5.
Do it anaphora without covert events: In defense of a pro-verb analysis

Why can the sentence (1) Mary bathed be followed naturally by (2) Mary did it at home? What does the pronoun in (2) refer to? As Donald Davidson famously noted in “The Logical Form of Action Sentences,” the pronoun seems to refer to an antecedent action or event; yet the first sentence names no such thing. Davidson's answer was that the logical form of sentence (1) does, in fact, contain a “covert” event variable, which serves as the antecedent of “it.” I argue against an event-semantic analysis of do it anaphora using event semantics, defending instead a syntactic approach, according to which do it is simply a pro-verb standing in for the entire verb phrase. A side-by-side comparison of the two theories shows that the pro-verb analysis makes better predictions across a broad range of linguistic phenomena. This finding has, on the one hand, a strictly linguistic significance, offering a better analysis for a ubiquitous expression. Yet it also has some implications for event semantics itself, since the invisibility of covert events to do it anaphora merits an explanation.
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Resection of Suprasellar Hemangioblastoma: Selective Pituitary Sacrifice and Use of Indocyanine Dye: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Suprasellar hemangioblastomas are rare lesions occurring sporadically or more commonly with von Hippel Lindau disease (VHLD).1,2 A 27-yr-old female presented with amenorrhea, mildly raised prolactin levels and otherwise normal pituitary function, homonymous hemianopia, and mild cognitive decline. Imaging revealed a large suprasellar lesion arising from the infundibulum, causing compression of optic chiasm with edema in the visual pathways. Lesion appeared hypervascular with prominent feeding vessels from the internal carotid arteries bilaterally. To access these vessels derived from the superior hypophyseal arteries and allow early devascularization, endoscopic endonasal approach was performed.3 Stalk preservation was deemed unlikely. After opening of the suprasellar dura, indocyanine dye allowed early identification of the feeding vessels. They were sequentially sacrificed, allowing early devascularization while preserving the normal blood supply to the optic chiasm from the superior hypophyseal arteries. Pituitary gland and stalk were removed with the latter being completely involved by tumor to provide access to the retroclival region and posterior circulation. After opening of the dura underlying the dorsum sella, inferior pole of the tumor was exposed with blood supply identified from the posterior communicating arteries but not the basilar or posterior cerebral arteries. Devascularized lesion was safely removed from the optic apparatus, hypothalamus, and the third ventricle. Histology was consistent with hemangoblastoma (VHLD negative). Patient's cognitive and visual function normalized with a postoperative magnetic resonance imagingdemonstrating complete resection, no ischemic events on diffusion-weighted imaging, and resolution of the edema in the hypothalamus and visual pathways.1 She was started on desmopressin and replacement therapy for pituitary function. The patient consented to the procedure. Patient provided consent for publication.
Early diabetes impairs ON sustained ganglion cell light responses and adaptation without cell death or dopamine insensitivity

Abstract Retinal signaling under dark-adapted conditions is perturbed during early diabetes. Additionally, dopamine, the main neuromodulator of retinal light adaptation, is diminished in diabetic retinas. However, it is not known if this dopamine deficiency changes how the retina responds to increased light or dopamine. Here we determine whether light adaptation is impaired in the diabetic retina, and investigate potential mechanism(s) of impairment. Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6J male mice via 3 intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (75 mg/kg) and confirmed by blood glucose levels more than 200 mg/dL. After 6 weeks, whole-cell recordings of light-evoked and spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) or excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were made from rod bipolar cells and ON sustained ganglion cells, respectively. Light responses were recorded before and after D1 receptor (D1R) activation (SKF-38393, 20 μM) or light adaptation (background of 950 photons·μm−2 ·s−1). Retinal whole mounts were stained for either tyrosine hydroxylase and activated caspase-3 or GAD65/67, GlyT1 and RBPMS and imaged. D1R activation and light adaptation both decreased inhibition, but the disinhibition was not different between control and diabetic rod bipolar cells. However, diabetic ganglion cell light-evoked EPSCs were increased in the dark and showed reduced light adaptation. No differences were found in light adaptation of spontaneous EPSC parameters, suggesting upstream changes. No changes in cell density were found for dopaminergic, glycinergic or GABAergic amacrine cells, or ganglion cells. Thus, in early diabetes, ON sustained ganglion cells receive excessive excitation under dark- and light-adapted conditions. Our results show that this is not attributable to loss in number or dopamine sensitivity of inhibitory amacrine cells or loss of dopaminergic amacrine cells.
Communications between Borrowers and Servicers: Evidence from COVID-19 Mortgage Forbearance Program

In this paper, I utilize proprietary servicer call transcripts between a single servicer and the corresponding borrowers, whose loans they service, to shed light on borrower responses to the mortgage forbearance program contained in the CARES Act. My analysis reveals that borrowers (especially with non-performing loans) did not actively seek out mortgage forbearance (conditional on communication) in response to this policy, which was intended to prevent a pandemic-induced foreclosure. This is an outcome of the servicer's differential treatment between government and private loans, as the CARES Act was designed for government loans only and left scope for servicer discretion for private loans. These results bring into question the effectiveness of ad hoc laws and the implementation thereof during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 World Scientific Publishing Company. Midwest Finance Association.
Mathematical Modeling Thinking: A Construct for Developing Mathematical Modeling Proficiency

Mathematical modeling is in the unique position of being content that teachers at all levels are expected to teach but have little exposure to. Many studies have documented that prospective teachers without significant modeling experience face obstacles when solving open-ended modeling tasks, in part because proficiency in mathematical modeling requires time and practice to develop. We propose that documented difficulties associated with open-ended mathematical modeling tasks can be reduced by developing dispositions and ways of thinking necessary for modeling. We introduce the term mathematical modeling thinking, which is intended to promote the development of those dispositions and lay the foundation for success in modeling. This approach is analogous to algebraic thinking, in which certain dispositions such as identifying patterns and making generalizations target the development of foundational concepts for eventual success in algebra. We describe mathematical modeling thinking and discuss activities that promote it, providing guidance to teachers and teacher educators to develop such thinking, which we consider necessary for success in mathematical modeling. We highlight work with elementary prospective and practicing teachers that support and illustrate the development of mathematical modeling thinking.
Utility of the ACS-NSQIP surgical risk calculator in predicting postoperative complications in patients undergoing oncologic proximal femoral replacement

Introduction Proximal femur replacement (PFR) in the setting of tumor resection is associated with a high rate of postoperative complication. The online American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) surgical risk calculator is approved by the Center of Medicare and Medicaid services to estimate 30-day postoperative complications. This study was to determine if the ACS-NSQIP can predict postoperative complications following PFR. Methods We reviewed 103 (61 male and 42 female) patients undergoing PFR using the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes available in the calculator: 27125 (hemiarthroplasty), 27130 (total hip), 27132 (conversion to total hip), 27134 (revision total hip), 27137 (revision acetabulum), 27138 (revision femur), and 27365 (excision tumor hip). The predicted rates of complications were compared with the observed rates. Results Complications occurred in 54 (52%) of patients, with the predicted risk based on CPT codes: 27125 (21.5%); 27130 (7.8%); 27132 (16.6%), 27134 (17.8%), 27137 (14.4%), 274138 (22.7%), and 27365 (16.2%). The calculator was a poor predictor of complications (27125, area under the curve [AUC] 0.576); (27130, AUC 0.489); (27132, AUC 0.490); (27134, AUC 00.489); (27137, AUC 0.489); (27138, AUC 0.471); and (27365, AUC 0.538). Conclusion Oncologic PFR is known for complications. The ACS-NSQIP does not adequately predict the incidence of complications, and therefore cannot reliably be used in their shared decision-making process preoperative.
Androgen receptor negatively regulates mitotic checkpoint signaling to induce docetaxel resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND Despite multiple treatment advances for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), there are currently no curative therapies and patients ultimately to succumb to the disease. Docetaxel (DTX) is the standard first-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic CRPC; however, drug resistance is inevitable and often develops rapidly, leading to disease progression in nearly all patients. In contrast, when DTX is deployed with androgen deprivation therapy in castration-sensitive disease, more durable responses and improved outcomes are observed, suggesting that aberrant androgen receptor (AR) signaling accelerates DTX resistance in CRPC. In this study, we demonstrate that AR dysregulates the mitotic checkpoint, a critical pathway involved in the anticancer action of DTX. METHODS Androgen-dependent and independent cell lines were used to evaluate the role of AR in DTX resistance. Impact of drug treatment on cell viability, survival, and cell-cycle distribution were determined by plate-based viability assay, clonogenic assay, and cell-cycle analysis by flow cytometry, respectively. Mitotic checkpoint kinase signal transduction and apoptosis activation was evaluated by Western blotting. Pathway gene expression analysis was evaluated by RT-PCR. A Bliss independence model was used to calculate synergy scores for drug combination studies. RESULTS Activation of AR in hormone-sensitive cells induces a rescue phenotype by increasing cell viability and survival and attenuating G2/M arrest in response to DTX. Analysis of mitotic checkpoint signaling shows that AR negatively regulates spindle checkpoint signaling, resulting in premature mitotic progression and evasion of apoptosis. This phenotype is characteristic of mitotic slippage and is also observed in CRPC cell lines where we demonstrate involvement of AR splice variant AR-v7 in dysregulation of checkpoint signaling. Our findings suggest that DTX resistance is mediated through mechanisms that drive premature mitotic exit. Using pharmacologic inhibitors of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome and polo-like kinase 1, we show that blocking mitotic exit induces mitotic arrest, apoptosis, and synergistically inhibits cell survival in combination with DTX. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that targeting the mechanisms of dysregulated mitotic checkpoint signaling in AR-reactivated tumors has significant clinical potential to extend treatment benefit with DTX and improve outcomes in patients with lethal prostate cancer.
Hydrodynamic, electron microscopic, and ligand-binding analysis of the Epstein-Barr virus/C3dg receptor (CR2).

Abstract The interaction of the Epstein-Barr virus/45-kDa proteolytic fragment of C3 (C3dg) receptor (CR2) with its viral ligand, the Epstein-Barr virus glycoprotein gp350/220, initiates the sequence of events leading to virus internalization and B lymphocyte transformation. Soluble recombinant receptor (rCR2) and gp350/220 as well as the natural ligand, C3dg, were subjected to a number of analytical techniques including gel permeation chromatography, density gradient ultracentrifugation, circular dichroism, and electron microscopy in order to determine their hydrodynamic, structural, and binding properties. Both rCR2 and gp350/220 were found to be highly extended proteins (f/fo = 2.1 and 2.4/2.2, respectively). C3dg, in contrast to the viral ligand, is only somewhat elongated (f/fo = 1.5). Soluble rCR2, visualized by high resolution electron microscopy, was shown to be an extended, highly flexible molecule comprised of ringlet domains, each approximately 24.1 A in length, which likely correspond to the short consensus repeat motif deduced from the CR2 cDNA nucleotide sequence. Ligand-binding studies carried out under physiological conditions indicated that gp350/220 binding to rCR2 was saturable and univalent, with a dissociation constant of 3.2 nM. In contrast, monomeric C3dg did not bind to rCR2 under physiological conditions; however, at reduced ionic strength, monomeric C3dg binding could be measured. These studies indicate that the affinity of the C3dg monomer for rCR2 under physiologic conditions is approximately 10(4)-fold less than that of the viral ligand. The molecular properties of rCR2 revealed in these studies provide essential information for future studies of the biologic functions of the Epstein-Barr virus/C3dg receptor.
Maximum margin classifiers with noisy data: a robust optimization approach

In this paper, we investigate the theoretical aspects of robust classification using support vector machines. Given training data (x/sub 1/,y/sub 1/),..., (x/sub l/y/sub l/), where l represents the number of samples, x/sub i/ /spl isin/ /spl Ropf//sup n/ and y/sub i/ /spl isin/ {-1,1}, we investigate the training of a support vector machine in the case where bounded perturbation is added to the value of the input x/sub i/ /spl isin/ /spl Ropf//sup n/. We consider both cases where our training data are either linearly separable or nonlinearly separable respectively. We show that we can perform robust classification by using linear or second order cone programming.
Inhibitory Effect of Penicillin on Proline Synthesis in Escherichia coli

The production of glutamic γ-semialdehyde, an intermediate in the synthesis of proline, was inhibited in Escherichia coli by physiological concentrations of penicillin. Sucrose (0.6 m) and sodium chloride (0.1 m) prevented penicillin inhibition of glutamic γ-semialdehyde synthesis. Cells which were in the stationary phase, or which had been permitted to metabolize without growth, were insensitive to the effects of penicillin on glutamic γ-semialdehyde synthesis.
FUSE Observations of eta Carinae

Eta Carinae was observed by FUSE through the LWRS (30 arcsec x30 arcsec) and HIRS (1.25 arcsec x 20 arcsec) apertures in March and April 2004. There are significant differences between the two spectra. About half of the LWRS flux appears to be due to two B-type stars near the edge of the LWRS aperture, 14 arcsec from eta Carinae. The HIRS spectrum (LiF1 channel) therefore reveals the intrinsic FUV spectrum of eta Carinae without this stellar contamination. The HIRS spectrum contains strong interstellar H2 having high rotational excitation (up to J=8). Most of the atomic species with prominent ISM features (C II, Fe II, Ar I, P II, etc) also have strong blue-shifted absorption to v= ~ -580 km/s that is associated with expanding debris from the 1840 eruption.
Heavy-ion direct reactions

We discuss in this chapter three subjects in heavy-ion direct reactions. They are (i) one-nucleon transfer reaction, (ii) inelastic scattering and (iii) spin-orbit effects. One nucleon transfer reaction is still one of the best understood rearrangement collision phenomena, while inelastic Coulomb excitations dominate most of the heavy-ion peripheral reactions. Spin-orbit effects in heavy-ion reaction is a relatively new topic of interest. We attempt to render these notes self-contained for graduate students by including an appendix on the elements of collision theory.
Functional food relevance of whey protein: A review of recent findings and scopes ahead

Abstract The prospecting for nutrients has catapulted whey protein to the forefront of the functional food sector. This protein, filtered from cheese whey, has been characterized to contain a plethora of healthy components such as essential amino acids, bioactive peptides, antioxidants and immunomopotentiators. Consequently, whey protein has been validated to confer radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antitumour, immunostimulatory, hypotensive, gut homeostasis, antiobesity, antidiabetic, muscle biosynthesis, osteoprotective and radioprotective roles. As the multifarious benefits of whey protein cumulate amidst the dramatic rise in metabolic and degenerative health issues, it seems imperative to harness their potential. This review presents the significant biological aspects of whey protein and its derivatives. Further, it rationalizes their incorporation in functional foods.