cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study of cyber hygiene behaviors and knowledge

Abstract End users’ cyber hygiene often plays a large role in cybersecurity breaches. Therefore, we need a deeper understanding of the user differences that are associated with either good or bad hygiene and an updated perspective on what users do to promote good hygiene (e.g., employ firewall and anti-virus applications). Those individuals with good cyber hygiene follow best practices for security and protect their personal information. This exploratory study of cyber hygiene knowledge and behavior offers information that designers and researchers can employ to improve users’ hygiene practices. We surveyed 268 participants about their knowledge of concepts, their knowledge of threats, and their behaviors related to cyber hygiene. Further, we asked participants about their previous training and experiences. Notably, the participants represent a large cross section from age 18 to 55+. We addressed inconsistencies in the literature, we provide up-to-date information on behaviors and on users’ knowledge about password usage and phishing, and we explored the impact of age, gender, victim history, perceived expertise, and training on cyber hygiene.
Modeling cell population dynamics

Quantitative modeling is quickly becoming an integral part of biology, due to the ability of mathematical models and computer simulations to generate insights and predict the behavior of living systems. Single-cell models can be incapable or misleading for inferring population dynamics, as they do not consider the interactions between cells via metabolites or physical contact, nor do they consider competition for limited resources such as nutrients or space. Here we examine methods that are commonly used to model and simulate cell populations. First, we cover simple models where analytic solutions are available, and then move on to more complex scenarios where computational methods are required. Overall, we present a summary of mathematical models used to describe cell population dynamics, which may aid future model development and highlights the importance of population modeling in biology.
Chromium exposure disrupts chromatin architecture upsetting the mechanisms that regulate transcription.

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a highly mutagenic and carcinogenic chemical used in many industrial processes. Occupational exposure to chromium, occurring mostly by inhalation, constitutes a majo...
This Most Human Predicament

In the second paragraph of “The Avoidance of Love,” the earliest of his essays on Shakespeare, Cavell asks, “What has discouraged attention from investigations of character?” in Shakespeare criticism of the mid-twentieth century. “What […] has [instead] specifically motivated an absorbing attention to words?”, as in the criticism of William Empson and G. Wilson Knight. The answer that Cavell offers is that it is “the merest assumption,” foisted off on us “by some philosophy or other, that [literary] characters are not people, [and] that what can be known about people cannot be known about characters” (DK, 40). Cavell then goes on to challenge this assumption by noting that it is at the very least quite natural “to account for the behavior of characters” by applying “to them [psychological predicates, like ‘is in pain,’ ‘is ironic,’ ‘is jealous,’ and ‘is thinking of …’” (DK, 40).
Front propagation for integro-differential KPP reaction–diffusion equations in periodic media

We study front propagation phenomena for a large class of KPP-type integro-differential reaction–diffusion equations of order $$\alpha \in (0,2)$$ in oscillatory environments, which model various forms of population growth with periodic dependence. We show that, under an exponential rescaling, the solution develops an isotropic advancing front and converges locally uniformly to zero beyond the front and to the periodic stationary state behind the front. The results are the most general available in this general setting.
Keys to Recruiting and Retaining Seriously Ill African Americans With Sickle Cell Disease in Longitudinal Studies: Respectful Engagement and Persistence

Objectives:Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a serious illness with disabling acute and chronic pain that needs better therapies, but insufficient patient participation in research is a major impediment...
Increasing fertility preservation counseling prior to chemotherapy.

225Background: The 2018 ASCO Guidelines recommend that physicians document discussions about fertility with all female patients < 49 years old at the time of cancer diagnosis. Patients interested i...
Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Overexpression Reverses Established Lung Fibrosis.

Introduction Impaired plasminogen activation (PA) is causally related to the development of lung fibrosis. Prior studies demonstrate that enhanced PA in the lung limits the severity of scarring following injury and in vitro studies indicate that PA promotes matrix degradation and fibroblast apoptosis. These findings led us to hypothesize that increased PA in an in vivo model would enhance the resolution of established lung fibrosis in conjunction with increased myofibroblast apoptosis. Methods Transgenic C57BL/6 mice with doxycycline inducible lung-specific urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) expression or littermate controls were treated (day 0) with bleomycin or saline. Doxycycline was initiated on days 1, 9, 14, or 21. Lung fibrosis, stiffness, apoptosis, epithelial barrier integrity, and inflammation were assessed. Results Protection from fibrosis with uPA upregulation from day 1 through day 28 was associated with reduced parenchymal stiffness as determined by atomic force microscopy. Initiation of uPA expression beginning in the late inflammatory or the early fibrotic phase reduced stiffness and fibrosis at day 28. Induction of uPA activity in mice with established fibrosis decreased lung collagen and lung stiffness while increasing myofibroblast apoptosis. Upregulation of uPA did not alter lung inflammation but was associated with improved epithelial cell homeostasis. Conclusion Restoring intrapulmonary PA activity diminishes lung fibrogenesis and enhances the resolution of established lung fibrosis. This PA-mediated resolution is associated with increased myofibroblast apoptosis and improved epithelial cell homeostasis. These studies support the potential capacity of the lung to resolve existing scar in murine models.
Weed Detection for Selective Spraying: a Review

Weed detection systems are important solutions to one of the existing agricultural problems—unmechanized weed control. Weed detection also helps provide a means of reducing or eliminating herbicide use, mitigating agricultural environmental and health impact, and improving sustainability. Deep learning-based techniques are replacing traditional machine learning techniques to detect weeds in real time with the development of new models and increasing computational power. More hybrid machine learning models are emerging, utilizing benefits from different techniques. More large-scale crop and weed image datasets are available online now, and this provides more data and opportunities for researchers and engineers to join and contribute to this field. This article provides a mini-review of all the different emerging and popular weed detection techniques for selective spraying, and summarizes the trends in this area in the past several years.
Driven ring oscillators as FPGA entropy sources

We show various degrees of complex behavior in driven ring oscillators on inexpensive FPGA student evaluation boards. Although ring oscillators typically give periodic behavior, they provide unpredictable, aperiodic behavior when driven at certain frequencies. Various non-ideal effects permit positive entropy due to the dynamics of this arrangement. The resulting topology is a driven, Boolean network consisting of long-established oscillator configurations. We implement ring oscillators driven by a variable frequency square wave generator. The resulting spectrum and autocorrelation illustrate various degrees of complex behavior. This work gives an accessible method for studying the complex dynamics found in Boolean networks through the combination of a simple, well-known network topology paired with convenient FPGA hardware.
Did You Get The Gist Of It? Understanding How Visualization Impacts Decision-Making.

As visualization researchers evaluate the impact of visualization design on decision-making, they often hold a one-dimensional perspective on the cognitive processes behind making a decision. Several psychological and economical researchers have shown that to make decisions, people rely on quantitative reasoning as well as gist-based intuition -- two systems that operate in parallel. In this position paper, we discuss decision theories and provide suggestions to bridge the gap between the evaluation of decision-making in visualization and psychology research. The goal is to question the limits of our knowledge and to advocate for a more nuanced understanding of decision-making with visualization.
Blast response of carbon-fiber/epoxy laminates subjected to long-term seawater exposure at sea floor depth pressures

Abstract An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the long term effects of exposure to a sea-floor depth ocean environment on the blast response of carbon-fiber/epoxy (CFE) laminates. By means of accelerated life testing (ALT), the behavior of laminates with and without exposure to high pressure saline water was explored using an air-blast shock tube facility and 3D-DIC technique coupled with high speed stereo photography. Specimens were tested in the unweathered condition and two durations of exposure: 14 days and 24 days immersed in a 70 °C, 3.5% NaCl solution pressurized to 41.3 MPa in a novel aging facility specifically designed to study the weathering behavior of composite materials at large ocean depths. From a diffusion study utilizing Arrhenius methodology, these cases simulate 8.9 and 15.3 years of service life, respectively. No statistically significant differences between the in-plane tensile elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, in-plane shear modulus, and ultimate shear strength were observed between any of the three cases. The flexural modulus of the laminates was observed to decrease by 13.2% and 20.8% for the two weathered cases, respectively. Dynamic air-blast experiments utilizing 3D digital image correlation (DIC) to track out-of-plane displacements revealed only marginal gains in normalized deflection of 5.1% and 2.0% for the two weathering cases, indicating no significant change in blast response with aging.
Inferring thermal conductivity of a dual-layer woven thermal protection system using cross-validation

Abstract Thermal response modeling is performed for the Heatshield for Extreme Entry Environment Technology (HEEET), a dual layer woven thermal protection system. The 3-D material response code, Icarus, is used for modeling the multi-dimensional thermal response of HEEET in the Laser Hardened Materials Environmental Laboratory, where a flat-top fiber laser is used to generate radiative heating representative of atmospheric entry. Discrepancies between simulation predictions and experimental measurements are suggestive of several uncertainties in the magnitude and spatial distribution of the incident laser radiative boundary condition, as well as the material properties, particularly for the thermal conductivity. By reconstructing the magnitude and spatial distribution of the applied radiative heating, the measurements are used to infer the conductivity of HEEET through constrained optimization and cross-validation. The inference shows that a reduction in thermal conductivity from nominal values is necessary for simulations to achieve improved agreement with experimental data.
A high-throughput virulence screening method for the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex.

Abstract Ralstonia solanacearum species complex strains are the causative agents for wilting diseases of many plants, including the economically important brown rot of potato. We developed a high-throughput virulence screen that is implemented in 96-well microtiter plates using seedlings grown in soft water agar to save space, effort, and resources. Nicotiana glutinosa was determined to be the most effective host for this assay, and we confirmed bacterial growth and systemic spread in inoculated seedlings. In our assay, N. glutinosa seeds were sown quickly and easily on top of individual water agar wells of a 96-well plate by pipetting out desired number of seeds in an aqueous suspension. They were inoculated on the same day by first touching a bacterial colony with an autoclaved toothpick and then stabbing the toothpick into the center of the water agar well. Such inoculation method resulted in inocula above a threshold of 2 × 10 4 CFU per well achieving consistent virulence results and enabling reduction of inoculum preparation efforts to facilitate high-throughput screening. Our assay is suitable for forward genetic screening of a large number of strains, isolates or mutants for disease symptoms under both cool (20 °C) and warm (28 °C) temperature conditions before detailed studies can be narrowed down to a manageable number of desired candidates. Our virulence screen method provides a valuable tool for future work in understanding genetics of virulence of Rssc , especially cool virulence of the highly regulated race 3 biovar 2 group of R. solanacearum, leading toward development of effective control strategies.
Transfusion Medicine Informatics: A Review of Current Practice and a Glimpse into the Future

Clinical informatics has been described as the "relentless pursuit of assisting people" by using data and information technology to improve health care. A core principle is that a person supported by information technology is superior to either a person or machine alone. Striving toward this harmonization, the transfusion medicine field has had a significant number of accomplishments. Clinical informatics interventions have helped achieve better quality, efficiency, and safety in nearly all aspects of transfusion medicine. This review summarizes these accomplishments and provides a preview of novel ideas that could transform transfusion medicine into a proactive, data-driven, and patient-centered discipline.
Yoga Balance: Decreasing Fall Risk in Seniors

Research Objectives To investigate the effect of yoga in decreasing fall risk for activities of daily living and community mobility in the senior population thru occupational therapy. Design Basic yoga poses related to primal movement were selected/ executed with NDT techniques; 1 year. Setting Continuing Care Retirement Community(CCRC). Participants 10 clients with inclusion criteria of age 80+, live in the CCRC, can include co-morbidities, joint replacements accepted. Interventions Example of pose: horse stance was selected because as children we have a wide base of support with hips in external rotation and equine stance. Overtime this integrates to a narrower base of support, external/ internal rotation equalizes, and equine stance becomes plantar. Utilizing poses that follow typical patterns allows for neuro plasticity to engage in a way it has before enhancing the progression of decreased fall risk as it relates to ADL's. Alignment is key when addressing posture and fall risk in occupational therapy as well as in Iyengar yoga. Used handling techniques, visual work (mirror), and verbal cueing. Cues were a combination of OT and yogic cues to create proper alignment. Handling promoted neck retraction, scapular depression/ stabilization, shoulder/ pelvic girdle anterior alignment, and knee/ ankle alignment. Main Outcome Measures Tinetti: scores increased by an average of 11 points. Results When used as an individual therapeutic intervention yoga postures with NDT regressive handling techniques increases the Tinetti score by an average of 11 points; proving a marked decrease of fall risk for ADL's in seniors. Secondary outcomes that were reported by patients included scoliosis curvature decrease, bladder control improvement, and an increased ability to orgasm. Conclusions With an average number of Tinetti score improvement by 11 for the total of 10 clients with no regression this study does prove that yoga is effective in decreasing fall risk in seniors. Due to our results we believe expanded studies utilizing yoga as an individualized intervention during therapy sessions is necessary to promote decreased fall risk in elderly patients. Author(s) Disclosures N/A.
Metrics in the space of high order proximity networks

This paper presents two families of distances in the space of high order proximity networks. The distances measure differences between networks and are shown to be valid metrics in the space of high order proximity networks modulo permutation isomorphisms. Practical implications are explored by comparing the coauthorship networks of two popular signal processing researchers. The metrics succeed in identifying their respective collaboration patterns.
Antimicrobial peptides: agents of border protection for companion animals

Over the past 20 years, there have been significant inroads into understanding the roles of antimicrobial peptides in homeostatic functions and their involvement in disease pathogenesis. In addition to direct antimicrobial activity, these peptides participate in many cellular functions, including chemotaxis, wound healing and even determination of canine coat colour. Various biological and genetic approaches have helped to elucidate the role of antimicrobial peptides with respect to innate immunity and host defense. Associations of antimicrobial peptides with various skin diseases, including psoriasis, rosacea and atopic dermatitis, have been documented in humans. In the longer term, therapeutic modulation of antimicrobial peptide expression may provide effective new treatments for disease. This review highlights current knowledge about antimicrobial peptides of the skin and circulating leukocytes, with particular focus on relevance to physiology and disease in companion animals.
Thermal and magnetic properties of La-doped Ce1−yLayGe1.80 with 0<y<1.0

CeGex with 1.71<x⩽2.0 crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure and exhibits two magnetic transitions: an antiferromagnetic transition at TN=7K and a ferromagnetic transition at TC=4.3K. When x decreases below 1.71, CeGex transforms to a tetragonal structure and exhibits only an antiferromagnetic transition at TN=7K. We have further studied the physical properties of La-doped Ce1−yLayGe1.80 with 0<y<1.0. The magnetization and specific-heat measurements show that with initial La substitution for Ce, TN decreases monotonically while TC increases slightly, and TN and TC merge to become a single ferromagnetic state at TC=4.8K in the vicinity of y=0.22. With further La doping, TC decreases slowly and linearly from 4.8 to 1.75 K at y=0.65. The x-ray measurements show that the lattice parameters remain nearly unchanged in the two magnetic transition regimes with 0<y<0.22 and increase monotonically with further La substitution for Ce (0.22<y⩽1.0). The entropy removal and magnetic moment calculations are also disc...
The Common Property Regime of the Huaorani Indians of Ecuador: Implications and Challenges to Conservation

This paper shows that the Huaorani Indians of the Ecuadorian Amazon possess a long-standing common property management regime fostered by secure ownership status of the land, the small size and kinship ties of residence groups, the existence of mutual trust and reciprocity, and culturally sanctioned rules of behavior. This regime, however, was focused on maintaining harmonious relationships between residents of the nanicabo and not on resource conservation (although it may have fostered epiphenomenal conservation). It cannot be presumed that communal management of resources invariably leads to conservation; other factors need to be present, such as a perception of resource scarcity. The common property regime was designed for a situation of plentiful resources, low population density, clear membership, and behaviors held in check by respect for kin and the desire for good standing. It was a sufficient and simple system for delimiting common property resources from private property, based on implicit social boundaries and cultural understandings. Now, confronted by powerful external forces, population growth, and intermarriage with non-Huaorani, the system is faltering. Conservationist practices, however, can be encouraged by adapting the earlier system to reflect current conditions.
Parturition, dystocia and foal survival: A retrospective study of 1047 births

Summary Reason for performing study: An understanding of the normal events of foaling, causes of dystocia and clinical outcomes is important for equine practitioners. Objectives: The goals of the present study were to: 1) evaluate factors that influence gestation length; 2) report duration of Stage II labour; 3) determine the frequency of dystocia and premature placental separation; and 4) determine the relationship between problems at foaling and foal survival. Materials and methods: Foaling records of 1047 mare births were evaluated. Results: The average gestation length was 341 ± 0.3 days, with no effect of mare age or breed observed. Mares carrying male fetuses had a longer gestation (P≤0.001) than mares carrying female fetuses. A majority (52.8%) of mares foaled at night between 2000 h and 0200 h when the facility was quiet. Dystocia occurred in 10.1% of all births and the incidence rate was higher in Thoroughbred mares than in Quarter Horse mares. The most common cause of dystocia was abnormalities of fetal posture. A delay in foal delivery beyond 40 min of Stage II of labour was associated with a significant increase in foal mortality. In addition, an increase in foal morbidity and mortality was noted when the interval from birth to standing or birth to nursing was prolonged. Conclusion: Early detection and rapid appropriate intervention are critical to foal survival in an equine dystocia. Potential relevance: Equine veterinarians should counsel horse owners that early recognition of a foaling problem and rapid, appropriate intervention are critical to the survival of a foal.
American Psychosomatic Society

Founded in 1942, the American Psychosomatic Society (APS) was one of the first medical societies to be dedicated to the integration of biology, psychology, and social factors in medicine. This integration grew out of an understanding that the state of the mind could influence the health of the body, as shown by twentieth-century physiologists, including Walter Cannon. Psychosomatic concepts also grew out of observations by psychoanalysts of patients who had physical symptoms that were not explained by purely medical causes. Drawing upon these insights, the APS was formed through the work of a New York Academy of Medicine committee headed by Dr. Helen Flanders Dunbar, a pioneer trained in medicine and religion, who compiled a bibliography of the “psychosomatic” medical literature, published in 1935 as “Emotions and Bodily Changes.” In 1936, the Josiah Macy, Jr., Foundation began financial support for psychosomatic studies and, along with the National Health Council in 1939, underwrote the publication of a new journal, Psychosomatic Medicine. The APS was subsequently formed as a medical society and held its first Annual Meeting in New York in 1942.
Memory and Aging, Neural Basis of

Investigation of the neural basis of memory and aging has moved to new levels in the 1990s as it has become evident that extensive neuronal loss in critical structures such as the hippocampus does not occur during normal aging. Extensive neuronal death, severe memory impairment, and dementia are concomitants of neuropathological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, and the inclusion of participants in the early stages of these diseases in studies of normal aging probably misrepresented the extent of memory impairment in old age. Nevertheless, there is some age-related decline in the ability to acquire and retain new information. The form of effortful, conscious learning and memory called declarative memory is performed more poorly by older adults, and complaints about loss of these learning and memory skills are common in the older population. Some forms of learning and memory that can occur in the absence of awareness (called nondeclarative memory) are mildly affected, whereas other forms of nondeclarative memory are impaired in middle age. Aging affects the various brain memory systems differentially, impairing some components and sparing others. Electrophysiological and neurotransmitter mechanisms rather than cell loss have been associated with some forms of age-related memory impairment.
The “Jet” of M89: CCD Surface Photometry

We have obtained CCD images in R and V of Malin’s “jet” in the weakly radio and X-ray active EO galaxy M89 (NGC4552). The luminosity of this feature is approximately 1/4% of the total luminosity of the galaxy; its color is bluer than that of the whole galaxy with a V-R value smaller by about 0.15 magnitudes. The likely explanation of the feature, which looks more like a proboscis than a jet, is that it is, in the words of the Toomres (1972), a “tidal relic of a close encounter”, seen from a perspective that may hide a drawn out tail.
Gas phase sampling of volatile (organo)metallic compounds above solid samples

A screening method has been developed for detection of volatile metallic compounds in solid samples by examining the vapour phase above the sample with a solid phase microextraction probe. After the sampling process, the collected volatile compounds were introduced into an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) via a specially designed thermal desorption interface which liberates the analyte from the extraction phase. The feasibility of this approach was evaluated by studying various solid reference materials certified for several elemental species. The proposed method currently offers a qualitative/semi-quantitative method for the rapid screening of environmental, biological and food samples for the presence of volatile toxic elements such as arsenic, tin, antimony, mercury, lead, etc. The total analysis time, including the full analytical procedure from the sampling/extraction to the instrumental measurement, takes less than three minutes, depending on the concentration of the target compounds.
Credibility in the blogosphere: A study of measurement and influence of wine blogs as an information source

Uncovering what drives the consumer to action is of interest to academia and industry alike, and the advent of social media has added a confounding layer to the consumer decision process. In some ways, it has changed nothing, and in other ways, it has changed everything. Information is at the heart of decision making, and blogs offer a plethora. A positive evaluation of credibility (believability) will ultimately determine its usability for decision making. Using centered resonance analysis of wine blog writers and readers focus group data, this study attempts to address the full range of blog characteristics (subsequent scale items) that can be evaluated for credibility, anchoring them to the relevant research streams of media, website, and word of mouth. Structural equation modeling of viral blog and Twitter survey data is used to test the hypothesized scale with three dimensions—site, message, and source—for validity and also evaluate the credibility influence on behavioral intentions as mediated by trust. Evidence suggests that the author (source) is central to credibility evaluation. The data also support the influence of wine blog credibility perceptions on trust, which leads to following wine blog recommendations and continuing to participate with the wine blog. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction kinetics and gel properties of blocked diisocyinate crosslinked chitosan hydrogels

Abstract Cure kinetics and network properties of hydrogels prepared by the reaction of chitosan and a water-soluble blocked diisocyanate cross-linker have been measured using swelling experiments and rheometry. The gel time measured by two different rheological methods, the rate equivalence of the change in modulus as a function of reaction time (G′G″ crossover) and the critical gel via the Winter–Chambon approach, are comparable. The reaction rate increased with increased temperature following the Arrhenius behavior, from which apparent activation energies can be determined. The network moduli can be tailored by adjusting the ratio of chitosan to cross-linker or the solution concentration. This allows for the formation of processable chemically cross-linked chitosan hydrogels with controlled kinetics and mechanical properties.
Proton-Proton Scattering in Nuclear Emulsions at 432 Mev

High-energy protons from the unpolarized external beam of the Carnegie Institute of Technology cyclotron were sent through Ilford $G5$ nuclear emulsions of the normal and 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} gelatin types. The emulsions were area-scanned for $Y$-shaped stars representing events of elastic collisions of the incident protons with hydrogen nuclei in the emulsions. These events were identified through angular measurements. With known densities of hydrogen atoms in the emulsions, the differential cross sections of proton-proton elastic scattering were calculated. The result is consistent with counter measurements.
A note on some model selection criteria

Abstract Data-adaptive priors are used as a descriptive tool to unify some of the previously proposed model selection criteria in a direct manner. An empirical Bayes criterion is constructed which penalizes for overfitting of model form as well as dimensionally.
Children’s Behavioral Manifestations of the Five-Factor Model of Personality

The present study examined relations between ratings of children's personalities using the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality and behaviors exhibited by children during an interaction with their parents. Ninety-four children (M age = 10.87 years) and their parents participated in a videotaped interaction; children were coded on 64 different social behaviors using a revised version of the Riverside Behavioral Q-Sort. Mothers completed ratings of their children's personalities using the NEO-Five-Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI). Results indicate an intuitive and predictable pattern of relations between children's personalities and their behaviors. Findings suggest that four of the five factors included in the FFM provide an appropriate framework for describing children's personalities. These findings are discussed in terms of their relevance for helping researchers understand children's personalities.
Establishment and growth of white spruce on a boreal forest floodplain: Interactions between microclimate and mammalian herbivory

Abstract White spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) is a dominant species in late-successional ecosystems along the Tanana River, interior Alaska, and the most important commercial timber species in these boreal floodplain forests. Whereas white spruce commonly seed in on young terraces in early primary succession, the species does not become a conspicuous component of the vegetation until after 60–80 years. To address what abiotic and/or biotic factors may explain the paucity of spruce in earlier stages of succession, we examined germination and growth of planted white spruce seedlings across an environmental gradient that included variation in soil physico-chemical properties in the presence and absence of mammal browsing. The effect of browsing pressure over the first four years after planting was most noticeable on the older terraces. Likewise, direct effects of hare browsing on spruce seedling mortality were only manifested at the oldest sites. Spruce germination and survival was inversely proportional to soil cation concentrations, which was largely controlled by temperature-driven evapotranspiration. High light intensities and high air temperatures significantly reduced seedling growth, whereas variation in soil moisture only explained a significant amount of variation in seedling survival. Temperatures within the needle clusters on terminal shoots reached values that adversely affect photosynthesis (>32 °C) on multiple occasions over the growing season. We conclude that the direct (temperature) and indirect (soil chemistry) effects of high insolation are major factors constraining spruce performance on early successional terraces, and that these effects can be significantly exacerbated by mammal browsing on associated deciduous vegetation.
Phagostimulation of Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)

Artificial agarose foods containing either starch, glycogen, carragheenan, alginate, casein, gelatin, albumin, or peptones at a concentration of 1% dry weight were not phagostimulatory. Artificial foods containing sugars, especially galactose, at a concentration of 0.005 M were phagostimulatory. Of the common amino acids, only L‐phenylalanine was phagostimulatory at this concentration. The initiation of feeding postures (movement of the spines, tube feet, peristome, and Aristotle's lantern) of Lytechinus variegatus was little affected by the concentration of plant extracts. Many aspects of this behavior were attributable to physical rather than chemical stimulation. Feeding rates of L. variegatus upon artificial agarose foods containing either Thalassia testudinum or Gracilaria verrucosa were directly dependent upon plant tissue concentration. All artificial agarose food‐items were initially moved to the mouth and fed upon, however the time spent feeding was directly dependent upon plant type and tissue c...
Effect of Lactate on Renal Tubular Transfer of p-Aminohippurate in Man

SummaryThe intravenous administration of sodium lactate causes a statistically significant increase in TmPAH in man. The average maximum increase amounted to 30% of the preinjection levels, and the effect was observed in each of 8 subjects tested twice. Neither the observed increases in pH8 and (BHCO3) nor the changes in renal blood flow appear to bear a causal relationship to the increases in TmPAH produced.The technical assistance of Mrs. Elsie Beard, Miss Margaret McCollum, Mr. Arthur Dinan, and Mr. W. Irving Jones is gratefully acknowledged.
The Habitat and Plant Associates of Eriocaulon decangulare L. in Three Southern Appalachian Wetlands

Abstract Eriocaulon decangulare is a wetland species that is rare in the North Carolina mountains. The mountain populations are disjunct from those in the Coastal Plain, where the species is more common. We investigated the habitat and plant associates of E. decangulare in three mountain wetlands during summer 2002. We centered 40, 0.25-m2 quadrats around randomly selected E. decangulare plants (8–20 quadrats per wetland), and estimated the percent cover occupied by all species within the quadrat. We also measured photosynthetically active radiation in each quadrat and determined the soil pH at each site. For seven plant types, only the coverage of woody plants differed significantly among sites. Most of the woody plants occurred as seedlings, small sprouts, or trailing stems. Overall, E. decangulare appeared to favor open, acidic, sunny conditions with abundant Sphagnum mosses. We documented four other unique and uncommon wetland plant species occurring with E. decangulare, and recommend continued manage...
Personal characteristics, health status, physical activity, and quality of life in cardiac rehabilitation participants

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between personal factors, health status, and adherence to physical activity behavior, and quality of life in cardiac rehabilitation participants. The record of 146 subjects, who met inclusion criteria were obtained from the University Cardiac Rehabilitation Database. Change scores in physical activity were used as a proxy for adherence. Participants who were categorized as not working, female gender, and at high-risk health status had lower means and lower improvement scores from repeated measures analysis of variance. This study found that some personal factors and health status are significant factors influencing the participant's adherence to physical activity recommendations and quality of life in this cardiac rehabilitation program.
On the Deep Western Boundary Current south of Cape Cod

Abstract Using CTD/oxygen data from eight cruises in the decade from 1994–2003, we have constructed a mean ‘section’ of properties across the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) south of Cape Cod near 70°W. Since all sections included direct velocity measurements, our composite section enables us to portray the flow field as well as the mean water mass structure. Inshore of the Gulf Stream between the 2500 and 4000 m isobaths, the flow is to the southwest along the bathymetry and is remarkably barotropic. The equatorward flowing Labrador Sea Water is shown to have high dissolved oxygen, low salinity, and low potential vorticity, while the underlying Overflow Water is high in oxygen. Transport estimates for the cold limb of the thermohaline circulation give a range of −14 to −19 Sv for the N. Atlantic Deep Water found on the section. The greatest uncertainty is due to the presence of a Warm-Core Ring on one of the sections, which apparently completely reversed the flow in the DWBC. Offshore of the DWBC, some of the deep source waters are returned to the north in the deep Gulf Stream. The section is compared to two other, widely separated locations (Abaco and 55°W) that have markedly different DWBC characteristics.
Symptomatic cytomegalovirus infection in renal transplant recipients given either Minnesota antilymphoblast globulin (MALG) or OKT3 for rejection prophylaxis.

Abstract To compare the impact of using Minnesota antilymphoblast globulin (MALG) versus the monoclonal antibody, OKT3, on the development of symptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, we reviewed a cohort of 130 cadaveric renal transplant recipients enrolled in a prospective comparison of MALG versus OKT3 for rejection prophylaxis. Among the 112 patients at risk for CMV, prophylactic MALG was associated with an increased risk of symptomatic infection (relative hazard [rhj = 3.31; 95% confidence interval CI], 1.50 to 7.30; P=0.003). Transplantation of kidneys from CMV-seropositive donors into CMV-seronegative recipients (rh = 5.22; 95% CI, 2.34 to 11.63; P=0.00004), first transplantation (rh = 4.76; 95% CI, 1.06 to 21.3; P=0.039), and acute rejection therapy (rh = 2.03; 95% CI, 0.98 to 4.21; P=0.055) were also associated with an increased risk. Prophylactic MALG followed by treatment with any agent for acute rejection was strongly correlated with symptomatic CMV infection (rh = 4.46; 95% CI, 3.71 to 5.21; P=0.00006). Symptomatic CMV infection was not only more frequent, but more severe in recipients of prophylactic MALG, and more MALG recipients were treated with ganciclovir. There was no difference in rejection rate for the two rejection prophylaxis regimens (P = 0.625). Prophylactic OKT3 results in less risk of symptomatic CMV infection than prophylactic MALG in cadaveric renal transplant recipients who are seropositive for CMV or whose donors are seropositive for CMV. CMV prophylaxis studies or immunosuppression protocols with symptomatic CMV infection as an end point should be stratified according to the type of antilymphocyte therapy used for rejection prophylaxis, as well as donor and recipient CMV serologic status.
Multiple-unit activity of the prefrontal cortex and mediodorsal thalamic nucleus during reversal learning of discriminative avoidance behavior in rabbits.

Multiple-unit activity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the mediodorsal (MD) thalamic nucleus was recorded during reversal training following differential conditioning of a locomotory (wheel rotation) avoidance response in rabbits. The positive and negative conditional stimuli (CS+ and CS-) were pure tones and the unconditional stimulus (UCS) was footshock. A major objective was to compare the activity in the PFC and MD nucleus with that in the neighboring cingulate cortical and anteroventral (AV) thalamic system, studied previously. During the first session of reversal training the rostral-sulcal subfield of the PFC manifested significant discriminative activity appropriate to the original habit, i.e., a greater discharge to the original CS+ than to the original CS-. The difference between the CS+ and CS- elicited discharges diminished as reversal learning progressed, but discriminative activity appropriate to the reversal problem did not develop. The medial subdivision of the MD nucleus which is interconnected reciprocally with the rostral-sulcal PFC subfield did not manifest discriminative activity during reversal training (nor had it done so during original learning). The caudal subfield of the PFC (which had shown rapidly developing acquisition of the discriminative discharges followed by diminution of the discriminative discharges during original training) manifested an original discriminative effect in the initial session of reversal training followed by the reverse discriminative discharge in the criterial session. The lateral subdivision of the MD nucleus which is interconnected reciprocally with the caudal PFC subfield, also manifested the original discriminative effect in the initial session of reversal training, followed by the reverse discriminative effect during the subsequent (precriterial and criterial) sessions. Thus, as in the AV nucleus, the lateral MD subdivision showed earlier and more robust development of discriminative activity appropriate to the reversal problem, than its cortical counterpart. The present results also suggested that cerebral cortical areas such as the caudal PFC, which transfer discriminative activity to their respective thalamic nuclei during discriminative acquisition, are subsequently more likely to manifest the reverse discriminative activity, than are cortical areas such as the rostral-sulcal subfields of the PFC, which do not transfer their discriminative activity.
Depositional environments and paleolimnology of an ancient caldera lake: Oligocene Creede Formation, Colorado

The Oligocene Creede Formation represents an exceptionally well-preserved intracaldera sedimentary sequence within a large, resurgent caldera. The tuffaceous, epiclastic, and limestone deposits observed in surface exposures and Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP) core provide a record of depositional processes and basin evolution following caldera collapse. The basal part of the Creede Formation is characterized by interbedded caldera wall–derived debris-flow breccias and ephemeral lake deposits. This unit is succeeded by deep-water lacustrine beds that constitute the bulk of the Creede Formation. Interbedded fallout tuffs from intracaldera volcanic eruptions significantly affected lacustrine sedimentation patterns and provide a means of basinwide correlation. Prominent sublacustrine travertine accumulations circumscribe the margins of the moat basin and probably outline the structural margin of the caldera. Deposition in a cool, montane climate is indicated by the presence of pseudomorphs after ikaite in the travertine and lake beds, and corroborative paleofloral analyses. Distinctive lowstand (shallow lake) and highstand (deep lake) facies-association distributions were deposited. Changes in the proportion and character of lowstand versus highstand sequences imply an evolution from a narrow, deep, steep-walled basin to a broad, shallow, incised basin through time. Carbonate minerals were deposited in the lake as travertine at spring-orifices, and as suspension-fallout laminae across the bottom. Little evidence for shelly or fish fauna is preserved in the lake beds. The character of the laminated strata and abundance of depositional carbonate suggest that the lake evolved into a permanently stratified, bicarbonate lake. The volume and mineralogy of depositional carbonate changed through time, but evidence for development of hypersaline, alkaline lake-water compositions is not observed. The level of basin-fill and geomorphic considerations preclude control of lake level by a hydrologic sill; thus, the basin hydrology appears to have been controlled through a combination of climate and groundwater seepage. The deposits of the Creede Formation closely resemble those in modern and ancient caldera and crater lake basins. The effects ofvolcanism on detrital lacustrine sedimentation are profound; however, the influences on lake chemistry and biology are less clear. The extensive travertine in the Creede Formation appears to be related to the volcanic setting, although the origin is as of yet unclear.
TWO FORMS OF MACROAMYLASÆMIA

Abstract Five patients with persistent hyperamylasaemia had an abnormally large serum-amylase (" macroamylase "). Further tests suggested the existence of two types of macroamylasaemia Two patients had a syndrome of unexplained malabsorption and an 11 S serum-amylase resulting from the binding of normal sized amylase (4.5 S ) by IgA globulin Three patients without malabsorption had 7 S amylase which did not result from binding to immunoglobulins.
Phrenic response to hypercapnia in the unanesthetized, decerebrate, newborn rat

We developed a decerebrate, vagotomized, newborn rat preparation to investigate brainstem respiratory control mechanisms without the influence of anesthesia, supra-pontine structures, or vagally mediated feedback mechanisms. We measured the changes in phrenic nerve electrical activity in response to breathing 3% and 5% CO2 in unanesthetized, vagotomized, decerebrate newborn rats from 0 to 10 days of age and compared them with the changes in anesthetized, vagotomized, newborn rats and adult, vagotomized, decerebrate or anesthetized animals. Phrenic nerve activity was irregular in the young newborn rats and became more regular between 7 and 10 days of age. Ti and Ti/Ttot increased with age but increasing age had no influence on the response to CO2. The response to CO2 was dominated by increases in phrenic amplitude, minute activity, and inspiratory slope with no change in timing variables. These responses are similar to those that have been reported previously in vagally intact animals, suggesting that vagal feedback contributes little to the response to hypercapnia in the newborn rat. In summary, decerebrate newborn rats consistently respond to hypercapnia by increasing inspiratory drive similar to conscious animals.
The Caenorhabditis Elegans Ror RTK CAM-1 Inhibits EGL-20/wnt Signaling in Cell Migration

During Caenorhabditis elegans development, the HSN neurons and the right Q neuroblast and its descendants undergo long-range anteriorly directed migrations. Both of these migrations require EGL-20, a C. elegans Wnt homolog. Through a canonical Wnt signaling pathway, EGL-20/Wnt transcriptionally activates the Hox gene mab-5 in the left Q neuroblast and its descendants, causing the cells to migrate posteriorly. In this report, we show that CAM-1, a Ror receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family member, inhibits EGL-20 signaling. Excess EGL-20, like loss of cam-1, caused the HSNs to migrate too far anteriorly. Excess CAM-1, like loss of egl-20, shifted the final positions of the HSNs posteriorly and caused the left Q neuroblast descendants to migrate anteriorly. The reversal in the migration of the left Q neuroblast and its descendants resulted from a failure to express mab-5, an egl-20 mutant phenotype. Our data suggest that CAM-1 negatively regulates EGL-20.