cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Particle Tunneling in the 7-Azaindole Dimer

Using a one dimensional quantum particle tunneling model, the proton and deuteron transfer lifetime was developed and computed in the 7-azaindole dimer, the results were compared with measurements by Douhal and thereby the effective barrier heights and widths extracted.
EPR spectroscopy of semi-methemerythrin

EPR spectra of semi-met forms of octameric hemerythrin from Themiste zostericola, prepared by one electron reduction of methemerythrin or by one electron oxidation of deoxyhemerythrin, have been visualized at liquid helium temperatures. The spectrum of that prepared by one electron reduction has principal g-values of 1.96 ± 0.01, 1.88 ± 0.01, and 1.67± 0.02 while that obtained by one electron oxidation has g = 1.95 ± 0.01, 1.72 ±0.01, and 1.68 ± 0.02. The amplitude of either spectrum decreases with time on incubation at room temperature according to a first order rate with t12 = 5–8 min, apparently because of an intramolecular disproportionation. Similar EPR spectra have been obtained with semi-metmyohemerythrin of T. zostericola and with the octameric semi-met form of Phascolopsis gouldii. However, these forms disproportionate to a much lesser degree. The azide adduct of the octameric semi-met form of T. zostericola has g-values of 1.94 ± 0.01, 1.85 ± 0.01, and 1.57 ± 0.02. Its EPR spectrum differs somewhat from those of the azide adducts of the octamer of P. gouldii and the monomer of T. zostericola although all are resistant to disproportionation. Methemerythrin and deoxyhemerythrin have no EPR spectra even at liquid helium temperature.
Seasonality of speciated aerosol transport over the Great Lakes region

[1] The Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ) is used to simulate aerosol mass and composition in the Great Lakes region of North America in an annual study for 2002. Model predictions are evaluated against daily and weekly average speciated fine particle (PM2.5) and bulk (PM2.5 and PM10) mass concentration measurements taken throughout the region by the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE), Speciation Trends Network (STN), and Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) monitoring networks, and number concentration is evaluated using hourly observations at a rural site. Through detailed evaluation of model-measurement agreement over urban and remote areas, major features of aerosol seasonality are examined. Whereas nitrate (winter maximum) and sulfate (summer maximum) seasonal patterns are driven by climatic influence on aerosol thermodynamics, seasonality of ammonium and organic mass (OM) is driven by emissions. Production of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and summertime ozone formation both reach regional maxima over the southern Great Lakes, where they are also most strongly temporally correlated. Although primary OM is more prevalent, insufficient SOA formation leads to summertime OM underprediction of more than 50%. By comparing temporal patterns in aerosol species between model and observations, we find that elemental carbon, OM, and PM2.5 are overly correlated in CMAQ, suggesting that the model misses chemical, transport, or emissions processes differentiating these constituents. In contrast, sulfate and PM2.5 are not sufficiently correlated in CMAQ, although CMAQ simulates sulfate with a high level of skill. Performance relative to ad hoc regional modeling goals and previous studies is average to excellent for most species throughout the year, and seasonal patterns are captured.
Let's Be Fysiksists Again

Examining the exploits and influences of Berkeley9s "Fundamental Fysiks Group" from the 1970s, Kaiser argues that its members9 work helped lay the grounds for recent advances in quantum information.
A novel pattern of longitudinal muscle contraction with subthreshold pharyngeal stimulus: a possible mechanism of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation

A subthreshold pharyngeal stimulus induces lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation and inhibits progression of ongoing peristaltic contraction in the esophagus. Recent studies show that longitu...
A model for CIO-led innovation

The CIO (chief information officer) organization at IBM has adopted the idea of a participatory Web and is engaged in leveraging employee talent to address the persistent information technology challenges facing global enterprises. A series of unique open conversations among employees resulted in a new approach to collaborative innovation. This new model of innovation has become an important component of the IBM product and service strategy, as it has generated new solutions that have met quick market success. In this paper we describe this model of innovation and illustrate our experience in four case studies.
A genetic and dietary study of the physiology of pyrimidine synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract A combination of genetic and dietary manipulations have been utilized to investigate the physiology of pyrimidine metabolism throughout the Drosophila life cycle. We present evidence that the dietary sources of pyrimidines ingested at the larval stage are sufficient for all subsequent stages of the life cycle, except the process of oogenesis in adult females where a maternal supply of endogenously synthesized pyrimidines is normally required. Deprivation of dietary and de novo synthesis does not affect adult longevity; indicating that with the exception of oogenesis, all normal functions are carried out by recycling pyrimidines produced or ingested at the larval stage. In an enzymatic analysis, we have determined that Drosophila does not adjust for pyrimidine dietary deficiencies by significantly altering the level of synthesis of two tested enzymes encoded by the rudimentary locus, even though the pyrimidine deficiency is a rate limiting step in the completion of development.
The modified hemi-Lothrop procedure: A variation of the endoscopic endonasal approach for resection of a supraorbital psammomatoid ossifying fibroma

Abstract Tumors in the supraorbital region are most commonly accessed through transcranial approaches, including fronto-orbital, orbitozygomatic, and eyebrow supraorbital keyhole approaches. Purely endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) are more challenging to perform because of limitations in access and visualization for lateral extension beyond the midline corridor. The modified hemi-Lothrop procedure, a variation of an extended EEA, allows for binostril access and visualization of the lateral supraorbital region while preserving the contralateral frontal sinus drainage pathway. The operative technique and nuances are illustrated in a rare case of a supraorbital juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (JPOF) causing symptomatic orbital compression. The key components of the approach consisted of an endoscopic Draf IIB (left frontal sinusotomy) ipsilateral to the tumor, and a superior septectomy for binostril bimanual instrumentation. Excellent visualization, access, and tumor removal of the supraorbital region was achieved with angled endoscopy and curved instrumentation from the contralateral nasal cavity and through the septectomy window (“cross-court” trajectory). The modified hemi-Lothrop procedure with angled endoscopy is a safe and effective alternative route to traditional transcranial approaches to access the supraorbital region. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a supraorbital JPOF that was successfully resected via a purely EEA.
Magnetic Field Dependence of the Surface Resistance of Pure and Impure Superconducting Aluminum at Photon Energies near the Energy Gap

The magnetic field dependence of the microwave absorptivity of superconducting aluminum single crystals has been determined in the frequency range 15-100 GHz, covering the spectrum near the superconducting energy gap. Measurements were made on samples of varying purity, from the purest available aluminum to aluminum doped with 3-at.% silver. In the pure case, the energy of the absorption edge was found to shift with static magnetic field by an amount of the order $\mathrm{pv}$, where $p$ is the Fermi momentum and $v$ is the drift velocity associated with the Meissner current. The addition of impurities was found to reduce the shift in the absorption edge as expected. Furthermore, the impurities coupled with the static field to induce an unexpected effect, namely, an absorption peak near the energy of the zero-field absorption edge. The amplitude of the absorption peak was found to increase monotonically with both magnetic field and with concentration of the silver impurity. A suggestion is made that impurities and magnetic field induce a change in the BCS coherence factors (from case II to case I) which, in turn, is responsible for the absorption peak.
Crystal structures of the recombinant kringle 1 domain of human plasminogen in complexes with the ligands epsilon-aminocaproic acid and trans-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic Acid.

The X-ray crystal structures of the complexes of the recombinant kringle 1 domain of human plasminogen (K1Pg) with the ligands e-aminocaproic acid (EACA) and trans-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (AMCHA), which are representative of a class of in vivo antifibrinolytic agents, have been determined at 2.1 A resolution. Each K1Pg/ligand unit cell contained a dimer of the complexes, and some small differences were noted in the kringle/ligand interatomic distances within the monomeric components of the dimers. The structures obtained allowed predictions to be made of the amino acid residues of K1Pg that are likely important to ligand binding. In the crystal structure, the anionic center of K1Pg responsible for coordinating the amino group of the ligands is composed of both Asp54 and Asp56, and the cationic center that stabilizes binding of the carboxylate moiety of the ligands is Arg70, with a possible contribution from Arg34. A hydrogen bond between the carboxylate of the ligand to the hydroxyl g...
The 3D profile method for identifying fibril-forming segments of proteins

Based on the crystal structure of the cross-β spine formed by the peptide NNQQNY, we have developed a computational approach for identifying those segments of amyloidogenic proteins that themselves can form amyloid-like fibrils. The approach builds on experiments showing that hexapeptides are sufficient for forming amyloid-like fibrils. Each six-residue peptide of a protein of interest is mapped onto an ensemble of templates, or 3D profile, generated from the crystal structure of the peptide NNQQNY by small displacements of one of the two intermeshed β-sheets relative to the other. The energy of each mapping of a sequence to the profile is evaluated by using rosettadesign, and the lowest energy match for a given peptide to the template library is taken as the putative prediction. If the energy of the putative prediction is lower than a threshold value, a prediction of fibril formation is made. This method can reach an accuracy of ≈80% with a P value of ≈10−12 when a conservative energy threshold is used to separate peptides that form fibrils from those that do not. We see enrichment for positive predictions in a set of fibril-forming segments of amyloid proteins, and we illustrate the method with applications to proteins of interest in amyloid research.
Atmospheric oxidation of trichloroethylene: an ab initio study.

The atmospheric oxidation of trichloroethylene has previously been studied experimentally. Phosgene is thought to be the dominant product, although the mechanism of production is not well understood. Additionally, studies omitting a chlorine scavenger show the production of dichloroacetyl chloride. This influence of the chlorine atom on the trichloroethylene oxidation is not well understood. Using ab initio methods, this study presents a comprehensive computational study of both the hydroxyl radical and chlorine atom initiated atmospheric oxidation mechanisms of trichloroethylene (C2HCl3). Potential energy surfaces, including activation energies and enthalpies, are determined. The results from this study, in connection with experimental work, confirm the influence of the Cl-initiated oxidation in determining the product profile of the trichloroethylene oxidation. These products include dichloroacetyl chloride [Cl2CHC(O)Cl], formyl chloride [CH(O)Cl], phosgene [C(O)Cl2], and regeneration of the chlorine atom.
Obesity in relation to lung cancer incidence in African American women

Purpose Although a number of studies have found an inverse association between body mass index (BMI) and risk of lung cancer, there is little information on this relation in African Americans, who experience a higher incidence of lung cancer.
Inter-cell interference in CSMA-CA wireless networks for different bandwidth divisions

We study interference impairment in a multiaccess point (multiAP) wireless network, where available bandwidth is divided to N/sub s/ channels. The medium access control (MAC) protocol of the network is carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA-CA). We investigate the effect of inter-cell interference (ICI) on the throughput of the network for different values of N/sub s/. ICI reduces the duration of time the node has access of the medium and increases the probability of retransmission. We simulate a CSMA-CA network in indoor environment and find outage probability and spectral efficiency for different values of N/sub s/.
Listening with care: Using narrative methods to cultivate nurses’ responsive relationships in a home visiting intervention with teen mothers

Effective public health nursing relies on the development of responsive and collaborative relationships with families. While nurse-family relationships are endorsed by home visitation programs, training nurses to follow visit-to-visit protocols may unintentionally undermine these relationships and may also obscure nurses' clinical understanding and situated knowledge. With these issues in mind, we designed a home-visiting intervention, titled Listening with Care, to cultivate nurses' relationships with teen mothers and nurses' clinical judgment and reasoning. Rather than using protocols, the training for the intervention introduced nurses to narrative methods and therapeutic tools. This mixed-method pilot study included a quasi-experimental design to examine the effect of the intervention on teen mothers' depressive symptoms, self-silencing, repeat pregnancy, and educational progress compared to teens who received usual care. Qualitative data were collected from the nurses to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and therapeutic tools. The nurses endorsed the therapeutic tools and expected to continue using them in their practice. Despite the lack of statistically significant differences in outcomes between groups, findings suggest that further study of the intervention is warranted. Future studies may have implications for strengthening hidden aspects of nursing that make a difference in the lives of teen mothers.
Prospero: A Tool for Organizing Internet Resources

Recent growth of the Internet has greatly increased the amount of information that is accessible and the number of resources that are available to users. To exploit this growth, it must be possible for users to find the information and resources they need. Existing techniques for organizing systems have evolved from those used on centralized systems, but these techniques are inadequate for organizing information on a global scale. This article describes Prospero, a distributed file system based on the Virtual System Model. Prospero provides tools to help users organize Internet resources. These tools allow users to construct customized views of available resources, while taking advantage of the structure imposed by others. Prospero provides a framework that can tie together various indexing services producing the fabric on which resource discovery techniques can be applied.
Endophenotypes in schizophrenia: a selective review.

Background Given the wealth of data in the literature on schizophrenia endophenotypes, it is useful to have one source to reference their frequency data. We reviewed the literature on disease-liability associated variants in structural and functional magnetic resonance images (MRI), sensory processing measures, neuromotor abilities, neuropsychological measures, and physical characteristics in schizophrenia patients (SCZ), their first-degree relatives (REL), and healthy controls (HC). The purpose of this review was to provide a summary of the existing data on the most extensively published endophenotypes for schizophrenia.
Quadruplex Integrated DNA (QuID) Nanosensors for Monitoring Dopamine

Dopamine is widely innervated throughout the brain and critical for many cognitive and motor functions. Imbalances or loss in dopamine transmission underlie various psychiatric disorders and degenerative diseases. Research involving cellular studies and disease states would benefit from a tool for measuring dopamine transmission. Here we show a Quadruplex Integrated DNA (QuID) nanosensor platform for selective and dynamic detection of dopamine. This nanosensor exploits DNA technology and enzyme recognition systems to optically image dopamine levels. The DNA quadruplex architecture is designed to be compatible in physically constrained environments (110 nm) with high flexibility, homogeneity, and a lower detection limit of 110 µM.
Forty years of decoding the silence in X-chromosome inactivation

In 1961, Mary Lyon first put forth the hypothesis that one X chromosome is inactivated in each cell of the female mammal. As we enter the new millennium and complete 40 years of study, the field of X-inactivation is rich with ideas and many contrasting viewpoints. This review will focus on the random form of X-inactivation and present the latest views on its mechanism. Much attention has been focused on the genetic parsing of X-chromosome counting, choice, silencing and maintenance. It is now known that counting is functionally distinct from choice and that initiation and establishment of silencing are distinct from maintenance. Since Xist's seminal discovery 10 years ago, significant progress has been made towards understanding its function. Required only for initiation and establishment, Xist must act within a narrow developmental window, but its precise mode of action remains elusive. The ongoing search for Xist RNA-binding factors and effector proteins for silencing has led to members of the macroH2A family of histone variants. Finally, the recent discovery of Tsix implicates regulation of Xist expression by an antisense mechanism. Required for choice but not counting, Tsix blocks Xist RNA accumulation and hence blocks initiation of silencing on the future active X.
EGFR Genomic Gain and Aberrant Pathway Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer Patients

Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression does not predict response to anti-EGFR therapy with erlotinib in pancreatic cancer patients. In the absence of known pancreatic cancer EGFR activating mutations, we sought to identify alternative factors, such as increased gene copy number (genomic gain) and ligand overexpression, which could be associated with aberrant EGFR pathway activation and improved response to targeted therapy. Methods EGFR gene copy number was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization in nine pancreatic cancer cell lines and 31 pancreatic cancer surgical specimens. In vitro effects of erlotinib on tumor cell proliferation were tested. Tumor specimen EGFR expression levels were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Expression of stimulating ligand (EGF), phosphorylated receptor (p-EGFR), and activated downstream adaptor proteins (p-Akt and p-ERK), were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Results Pancreatic cancer EGFR genomic gain, in the form of high polysomy, was present in four of nine cell lines and in 10/24 (42%) of patients. Twenty-four patients (77%) expressed EGFR transcript, and of those, half displayed p-EGFR (35% of all patients). A majority of patients demonstrated downstream EGFR pathway activation, with 65% expressing p-Akt and 84% expressing p-ERK. EGFR-expressing tumors also expressed EGF, with exclusive tumor cell localization, suggesting autocrine stimulation of the EGFR pathway. EGF expression level was significantly greater in patients with increased EGFR gene copy number ( P = 0.016). Conclusions Increased EGFR gene copy number and elevated EGF levels are present in a significant proportion of pancreatic cancer patients, and this may reflect increased EGFR pathway dependence with improved sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapy.
Arsenic Induced Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Altered Mitochondrial Oxidative Function: Implications for Genotoxic Mechanisms in Mammalian Cells

Arsenic is a well-established human carcinogen that is chronically consumed in drinking water by millions of people worldwide. Recent evidence has suggested that arsenic is a genotoxic carcinogen. Furthermore, we have shown that mitochondria mediate the mutagenic effects of arsenic in mammalian cells, as arsenic did not induce nuclear mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-depleted cells. Using the human-hamster hybrid A(L) cells, we show here that arsenic alters mitochondrial function by decreasing cytochrome c oxidase function and oxygen consumption but increasing citrate synthase function. These alterations correlated with depletion in mtDNA copy number and increase in large heteroplasmic mtDNA deletions. In addition, mtDNA isolated periodically from cultures treated continuously with arsenic did not consistently display the same deletion pattern, indicating that the mitochondrial genome was subjected to repeated and continuous damage. These data support the theory that the mitochondria, and particularly mtDNA, are important targets of the mutagenic effects of arsenic in mammalian cells.
Aerodynamic and Electroglottographic Measures of Normal Voice Production

The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the normal intrasubject performance variability of four measures of phonatory function within and across sessions. Two different speaking tasks, syllable series and sentence production, were used to determine if more natural speaking tasks resulted in greater intrasubject variability. Vowel type ([i] versus [a]) also was varied. Estimated subglottal air pressure, mean phonatory air flow, abduction quotient, and fundamental frequency were derived from aerodynamic and electroglottographic signals obtained from 11 normally speaking men and 10 normally speaking women on four different days. Relative intrasubject variability was compared across speaking task, gender, and vowel type. Average across-session intrasubject variability was 5% for fundamental frequency and abduction quotient, 8% for estimated subglottal air pressure, and 15% for mean phonatory air flow during syllable repetition. There was significantly greater intrasubject variability for mean phonat...
The Effect of Alcohol on the Autonomic Nervous System of Humans: Psychophysiological Approach

This chapter presents the modern psychophysiological approach to alcoholism to assist those who are actively engaged in this area and searching for new ways to hasten solutions of such medicosocial problems. Since the problems of alcoholism have been investigated under various scientific disciplines, it is not too presumptuous to assume that the scientific background of research workers on alcoholism is necessarily heterogeneous, covering a wide spectrum of disciplines.
VhuD Facilitates Electron Flow from H2 or Formate to Heterodisulfide Reductase in Methanococcus maripaludis

Flavin-based electron bifurcation has recently been characterized as an essential energy conservation mechanism that is utilized by hydrogenotrophic methanogenic Archaea to generate low-potential electrons in an ATP-independent manner. Electron bifurcation likely takes place at the flavin associated with the α subunit of heterodisulfide reductase (HdrA). In Methanococcus maripaludis the electrons for this reaction come from either formate or H2 via formate dehydrogenase (Fdh) or Hdr-associated hydrogenase (Vhu). However, how these enzymes bind to HdrA to deliver electrons is unknown. Here, we present evidence that the δ subunit of hydrogenase (VhuD) is central to the interaction of both enzymes with HdrA. When M. maripaludis is grown under conditions where both Fdh and Vhu are expressed, these enzymes compete for binding to VhuD, which in turn binds to HdrA. Under these conditions, both enzymes are fully functional and are bound to VhuD in substoichiometric quantities. We also show that Fdh copurifies specifically with VhuD in the absence of other hydrogenase subunits. Surprisingly, in the absence of Vhu, growth on hydrogen still occurs; we show that this involves F420-reducing hydrogenase. The data presented here represent an initial characterization of specific protein interactions centered on Hdr in a hydrogenotrophic methanogen that utilizes multiple electron donors for growth.
Questions Concerning Biblical Theology

These questions are based on a research report given at the August, 2000, annual meeting of the Catholic Biblical Association, at Loyola-Marymount University, Los Angeles, California. (1) Are there lessons to be derived from the spate of volumes on biblical theology published in the second half of the 20th century? (2) Is there an inner unity to the Bible? (3) How does the relationship between the Testaments affect a reading of the Old Testament? (4) How does biblical theology differ from history of religion (Religionsgeschichte)? (5) Conclusion: what, then, does “biblical theology” stand for?
Assaying and isolating individual differences in searching a hierarchical file system

Individual differences among users of a hierarchical file system were investigated. Results indicate that psychometric tests of vocabulary and spatial visualization are the best predictors of task ...
Design of output passive EMI filter in DC-fed motor drive

This paper focuses on the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise suppression solution at the ac output terminal of PWM motor drives. Dc-fed voltage source inverter (VSI) is selected as one typical topology. A practical output EMI filter design procedure is proposed. To ensure design accuracy, the procedure includes the system impedance characterization with offline measurement. Meanwhile, different damping methods are studied to avoid oscillation introduced by EMI filters. Prototype experimental results have verified the feasibility of the design procedure for both common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM) EMI noise suppression.
Enameloplasty and Esthetic Finishing in Orthodontics—Differential Diagnosis of Incisor Proclination—The Importance of Appropriate Visualization and Records Part 2

The purpose of this paper is to briefly review some of the principals of ideal tooth shape and morphology and demonstrate how to use tooth reshaping through enameloplasty to treat and finish orthodontic cases to much more esthetic conclusions. This paper demonstrates the significant improvement to a smile orthodontists can achieve if they understand the principles of dental esthetics. In assessing smile design, the patient must be evaluated in three dimensions, and both dental and skeletal components must be considered. Expanded documentation in the form of frontal, profile, and oblique images taken both at rest and on dynamic smile permits the dentist to evaluate these elements without cephalometric radiography.
Lower Cretaceous Braided Stream-Fan Delta Deposition, Northwest Libya: A Future Petroleum Exploration Target, Offshore Gabes-Sabratha Basin: ABSTRACT

The southern margin of the present Gabes-Sabratha basin roughly parallels the coastline of northwest Libya and southeast Tunisia and is contiguous to the northern margin of a Lower Cretaceous subaerial delta platform. The Lower Cretaceous Chicla and Cabao formations, exposed along the Jebel Nefusa escarpment and in the subsurface of the onshore Ghadames basin in Libya, represent a thin (0 to 200 m), laterally extensive, fluvio-deltaic sequence. A detailed study of 15 measured outcrop sections indicates each formation is a transgressive fluvio-deltaic package. A complete package can be subdivided into three major sedimentary facies from base to top: (1) braided fluvial delta plain (facies 1) or braided fan delta plain (facies 1a), (2) delta front-prodelta slope (facies 2), and (3) prodelta shelf (facies 3). Figure The Chicla and Cabao fluvio-deltaic packages were derived from two sediment source areas: (1) a large, undetermined area far to the south, and (2) a smaller, proximal area, 50 to 100 km inland of the Libyan coast. End_Page 555------------------------------ A system of large to small northwesterly flowing braided streams, fed from the quartz-rich southern source, deposited clean, laterally persistent, reservoir sands (braided fluvial and delta front facies) and impervious sealing shales (prodelta slope and prodelta shelf facies) across the slowly subsiding Saharan Platform. These deposits can be traced northward in the subsurface, across the entirety of western Libya, into the outcrop in the Jebel Nefusa, the northern limit of onshore control. Deposition ultimately extended northward into the more rapidly subsiding, organic rich, Gabes-Sabratha basin. Simultaneously, the locally sourced reservoir facies were deposited, north-northwesterly, from the region of the Garian basement high. Coarse conglomerate quartz sands (braided fan delta plain facies) were transported a short distance to the Jebel Nefusa and northward, forming a wedge of clean, reservoir quality sands (braided fluvial and delta front facies) and sealing shales (prodelta slope and prodelta shelf facies) lying below well control in the Gabes-Sabratha basin area immediately adjacent to the Libyan coast due west of Tripoli. End_of_Article - Last_Page 556------------
Sensitivity of Global Modeling Initiative chemistry and transport model simulations of radon-222 and lead-210 to input meteorological data

Abstract. We have used the Global Modeling Initiative chemistry and transport model to simulate the radionuclides radon-222 and lead-210 using three different sets of input meteorological information: 1. Output from the Goddard Space Flight Center Global Modeling and Assimilation Office GEOS-STRAT assimilation; 2. Output from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies GISS II' general circulation model; and 3. Output from the National Center for Atmospheric Research MACCM3 general circulation model. We intercompare these simulations with observations to determine the variability resulting from the different meteorological data used to drive the model, and to assess the agreement of the simulations with observations at the surface and in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region. The observational datasets we use are primarily climatologies developed from multiple years of observations. In the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region, climatological distributions of lead-210 were constructed from ~25 years of aircraft and balloon observations compiled into the US Environmental Measurements Laboratory RANDAB database. Taken as a whole, no simulation stands out as superior to the others. However, the simulation driven by the NCAR MACCM3 meteorological data compares better with lead-210 observations in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region. Comparisons of simulations made with and without convection show that the role played by convective transport and scavenging in the three simulations differs substantially. These differences may have implications for evaluation of the importance of very short-lived halogen-containing species on stratospheric halogen budgets.
Real-time first- and second-order PMD characterization using averaged state-of-polarization of filtered signal and polarization scrambling

A real-time estimation technique for first- and second-order polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) is presented. It makes use of the spectrum of telecommunication signals. At the output of the transmission fiber, the signal is tapped and filtered. Three filters are used: a high-pass filter, a low-pass filter, and a narrow-band filter. The averaged states of polarization (SOPs) of the filtered signals are then measured using a polarimeter. We repeat the measurement for several different input SOPs using a polarization scrambler at the input of the fiber. From these measurements, we deduce the first-order PMD and, subsequently, the second-order PMD.
Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain: Is Ventriculomegaly the Tip of the Syndromal Iceberg?

Ventriculomegaly discovered on prenatal ultrasound examinations is frequently a significant challenge both for the accurate identification of the etiology of ventriculomegaly as well as for adequate parental counseling. Fetal ventriculomegaly is usually easily depicted on prenatal ultrasound studies. It is, however, of utmost importance to differentiate between the various forms of ventriculomegaly. A ventriculomegaly may be "isolated" or part of a syndrome. In addition, ventriculomegaly may be a complication of an intrauterine infection or hemorrhage. A correct differentiation between the various etiologies of ventriculomegaly is essential to predict outcome and to guide the various treatment options which may start as early as in the fetal time period. Prenatal ultrasound may be limited in the correct identification of subtle "additional" lesions that would point to the "overall" diagnosis. The high spatial resolution and various anatomical and functional image contrasts that can be generated by prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have proven to be especially beneficial for complex fetal brain pathologies. In addition, prenatal MRI allows study of the entire fetus including the spinal cord and canal. In the current manuscript the various fetal MRI techniques are being discussed. In addition, the various causes of isolated, acquired and syndromal ventriculomegaly are presented as well as their imaging appearance on fetal MRI. Finally, a short summary on the various theories on ventriculomegaly versus hydrocephalus are presented.
Flow boiling heat transfer in two-phase micro-channel heat sinks--II. Annular two-phase flow model

This paper is Part II of a two-part study devoted to measurement and prediction of the saturated flow boiling heat transfer coefficient in water-cooled micro-channel heat sinks. Part I discussed the experimental findings from the study, and identified unique aspects of flow boiling in micro-channels such as abrupt transition to the annular flow regime near the point of zero thermodynamic equilibrium quality, and the decrease in heat transfer coefficient with increasing quality. The operating conditions of water-cooled micro-channels fell outside the recommended range for most prior empirical correlations. In this paper, an annular flow model is developed to predict the saturated flow boiling heat transfer coefficient. Features unique to two-phase micro-channel flow, such as laminar liquid and vapor flow, smooth interface, and strong droplet entrainment and deposition effects, are identified and incorporated into the model. The model correctly captures the unique overall trend of decreasing heat transfer coefficient with increasing vapor quality in the low vapor quality region of micro-channels. Good agreement is achieved between the model predictions and heat transfer coefficient data over broad ranges of flow rate and heat flux. 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Additional notes on the coccidian parasites of the soft-shell turtle, Trionyx spiniferus Le Sueur, in Iowa, with a description of Eimeria vesicostieda sp. n

Oocysts of Eimeria dericksoni Roudabush, Eimeria mascoutini Wacha & Christiansen, and Eimeria vesicostieda sp. n. were isolated from the Spiny Soft-shell Turtle, Trionyx spiniferus LeSueur, in Iowa. The sporulated oocysts of E. dericksoni are redescribed to include, for the first time, the dimensions of the sporocysts (6.0-8.5 x 3.0 5.0 micrometer) ant the structural appearance of the Stieda body (thinly convex); the oocysts of E. vesicostieda are newly described as being thick-walled, narrowly avoid to narrowly ellipsoid, measuring 22.0-25.5 x 16.5-20.5 micrometer, and having a polar granule, a sporocyst residuum, and a vesicle-like Stieda body; the oocysts of E. mascoutini are documented photographically.
Effects of hypothalamic extirpations on thyroidal and intermedinal activity in the red spotted newt.

Abstract Following extirpation of the region of the pars magnocellularis or of tissue posterior to it, from the brain of the red spotted newt, Notophthalmus (Diemictylus, Triturus) viridescens viridescens , Rafinesque, the turnover of 131 I in the thyroid glands became significantly slower than in intact or sham-operated newts and the pars nervosa lost its fuchsinophilic staining quality. Although thyroidal activity was reduced, all newts with the pars magnocellularis removed continued to molt, giving evidence of limited autonomy of the pituitary-thyroid axis in this form. Removal of tissue posterior to the pars magnocellularis in every case resulted in hypertrophy of the pars intermedia and the melanistic response by the skin, whereas removal of the pars magnocellularis did not always elicit these two responses. It is concluded that in the newt the region of the pars magnocellularis is the neurosecretory center that produces, or stores, a thyrotropic releasing factor, and the aldehyde fuchsin positive material of the pars nervosa. A region slightly posterior to the pars magnocellularis is the probable production site for the inhibitor of the pars intermedia.
Error bounds based stochastic approximations and simulations of hybrid dynamical systems

This paper introduces, develops and discusses an integration-inspired methodology for the simulation and analysis of deterministic hybrid dynamical systems. When simulating hybrid systems, and thus unavoidably introducing some numerical error, a progressive tracking of this error can be exploited to discern the properties of the system, i.e., it can be used to introduce a stochastic approximation of the original hybrid system, the simulation of which would give a more complete representation of the possible trajectories of the system. Moreover, the error can be controlled to check and even guarantee (in certain special cases) the robustness of simulated hybrid trajectories.
Photomking Determination of Mobility and Lifetime in Intrinsic a-Si:H

A photomixing technique was employed to determine the lifetime and the mobility in intrinsic a-Si:H, by measuring the power of the beat frequency in conjunction with the dc. photocurrent. Both the mobility and lifetime were found to decrease continuously following the light-soaking process, which indicates the existence of long-range potential fluctuations and a change in the recombination processes due to light-soaking. For the first time, evidence is provided that degradation is accompanied by loss of mobility, a fact that is neglected in all prevailing models for the Staebler-Wronski effect. Intrinsic a-Si:H samples produced by glow-discharge deposition and the hot wire technique were employed in this work.
Video: Procrastinator: pacing mobile apps' usage of the network

Many popular, professionally-written smartphone apps today prefetch large amounts of network data to improve performance. However, the typical user may not use all of this network data. When a user is on a limited or pay-per-byte cellular data plan, such as when roaming internationally, this prefetching behavior can cost her in overage fees on her cellular bill. This video demonstrates Procrastinator, which is a system that automatically decides when to fetch each network object that an app requests. This decision is made based on whether the user is on Wi-Fi or cellular, how many bytes are remaining on her data plan, and whether the object is needed at the present time. Procrastinator does not require app developer effort, nor app source code, nor OS changes -- it modifies the app binary to trap specific system calls and inject custom code. Our system can achieve as little as no savings to 4X reduction in total bytes transferred by an app, depending on the user and the app. These savings for the data-poor user come with a 300ms median latency penalty on LTE if the user goes to a part of the app where Procrastinator did not allow data to be prefetched. This video shows how main content on the primary page of apps is unaffected, and the delay that the user will typically experience if she goes to secondary pages in apps when she is running out of cellular data plan bytes.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions.

Intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation have been widely studied, and the distinction between them has shed important light on both developmental and educational practices. In this review we revisit the classic definitions of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in light of contemporary research and theory. Intrinsic motivation remains an important construct, reflecting the natural human propensity to learn and assimilate. However, extrinsic motivation is argued to vary considerably in its relative autonomy and thus can either reflect external control or true self-regulation. The relations of both classes of motives to basic human needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness are discussed. ≈ 2000 Academic Press To be motivated means to be moved to do something. A person who feels no impetus or inspiration to act is thus characterized as unmotivated, whereas someone who is energized or activated toward an end is considered motivated. Most everyone who works or plays with others is, accordingly, concerned with motivation, facing the question of how much motivation those others, or oneself, has for a task, and practitioners of all types face the perennial task of fostering more versus less motivation in those around them. Most theories of motivation reflect these concerns by viewing motivation as a unitary phenomenon, one that varies from very little motivation to act to a great deal of it. Yet, even brief reflection suggests that motivation is hardly a unitary phenomenon. People have not only different amounts, but also different kinds of motivation. That is, they vary not only in level of motivation (i.e., how much motivation), but also in the orientation of that motivation (i.e., what type of motivation). Orientation of motivation concerns the underlying attitudes and goals that give rise to action—that is, it concerns the why of actions. As an example, a student can be highly motivated to do homework out of curiosity and interest or, alternatively, because he or she wants to procure the approval of a teacher or parent. A student could be motivated
Are We Really Measuring Cultural Competence

One of the major goals of culturally competent nursing and healthcare practice is to decrease health and healthcare disparities. All healthcare professionals need similar information for cultural competence. However, to date, most of the tools measure knowledge, skills and abilities but not true competence from a clinical practice setting. Several tools measure and/or evaluate the organization's cultural diversity mission but not the providers of healthcare.
Phenazopyridine-Induced Toxicity in an Elderly Patient Receiving a Prolonged Regimen of Therapeutic Doses

Objective:To report a case of yellow skin pigmentation, acute renal failure, methemoglobinemia, and hemolytic anemia in a patient receiving a prolonged regimen of therapeutic doses of phenazopyridi...
The Influence of Certain Sugars on the Antifungal Activity of Sodium Pyridinethione

Shaw et al. (8) synthesized a cyclic thiohydroxamic acid from 2bromopyridine N-oxide and reported a high in vitro activity against a variety of organisms. Pansy et al. (7) found this compound, 1-hydroxy2(1H) pyridinethione, to be extremely effective in controlling fungi in vitro at concentrations of 0.04-1.0 ppm. Soo-Hoo and Grunberg (9) conducted studies with various salts of 3-pyridinethiol with good re? sults against dermatophytic as well as phytopathogenic fungi. Modifications of medium constituents apparently are effective in altering the activity of some antibacterial compounds. Di Raimondo (4) reported that the vitamin B complex reduced the activity of the anti? biotics terramycin and tyrothricin against Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus. According to Weinberg (10), the inhibition of Mycobacterium avium by the antibiotics aureomycin and terramycin is significantly increased by the addition of phosphate to the medium. In this investigation, four different carbohydrate sources were em? ployed separately in conjunction with varying concentrations of sodium pyridinethione (the sodium salt of 2-pyridinethiol, 1-oxide 2) to deter-
Centering the Edge in the Shift from Inequality to Expulsion

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