cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Links between traumatic experiences and expectations about the future in high risk youth.

The current analyses examined the role of past traumatic experiences in predicting expectations about social, academic, and occupational outcomes. These analyses were conducted in a sample of 843 youth, each 14 years old, who were participants in the Longitudinal Studies on Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). The analyses took into account socioeconomic indicators. Three classes of expectations emerged from factor analyses: Academic/Employment Success, Employment Instability, and Social Instability. Predictors of future expectations included maltreatment, witnessed family and community violence, and caregiver and residential instability. Maltreatment predicted low expected Academic/ Employment Success and high expected Employment Instability. Caregiver instability predicted Employment instability and Social Instability. Witnessed community violence predicted Social Instability. Witnessed family violence and residential instability did not predict any dimension of future expectations in these analyses. There is a need to better understand links between types of trauma and expectations about the future in at-risk youth, and how these expectations may in turn influence their futures.
Cross-border partnership in tourism resource management: international parks along the US-Canada border.

This paper examines cross-border partnerships in three international parks along the US-Canada border based on principles of sustainable tourism. A model of intensity of cross-border partnerships is developed, and areas of coordination examined include management frameworks, infrastructure development, human resources, conservation, promotion, and international- and local-level border concessions and treaty waivers, all of which play a part in the sustainable management of trans-frontier resources. The findings suggest that the more integrated the two sides of an international park are in relation to the border, the higher the level of cooperation will be. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates the importance of bilateral treaties, official treaty waivers, and less formal local cooperation for laying the groundwork for sustainable management of cross-border tourism resources.
Radiosurgical Management of Meningiomas

Meningiomas are the most common benign intracranial tumors and approximately 90% are histologically benign. Meningiomas are often classified according to their topography since location is predictive of treatment challenges. As a consequence of the limitation imposed by location, each topography has well-known rates of recurrence and complications triggered by the treatment. As a rule of thumb, small and asymptomatic meningiomas should be followed up with routine MRI scans. Usually, small meningiomas in the convexity of the skull can be safely resected. The surgical resection should aim to be complete whenever possible considering the risks of causing neurological sequela. The grade of resection correlates to the rate of recurrences. The indication of radiosurgery or stereotactic radiotherapy for these lesions is recommended in cases of partial resection or biopsy. Residual WHO I tumors are followed with serial scans, while WHO II and III are irradiated immediately after surgery. Radiation is offered to WHO I tumors when growth is confirmed. The majority of skull-base meningiomas pose surgical challenges. Surgical series show a significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates in comparison to convexity lesions. Less frequently, these lesions can be completely resected. Therefore, radiosurgery (SRS) or stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is the preferential treatment modality for small and asymptomatic skull-base lesions proven to be growing. Surgery should be performed if neurological symptoms require tumor decompression or if a histological confirmation is necessary.
Is home visiting an effective strategy? A meta-analytic review of home visiting programs for families with young children.

Home visiting programs for families with young children have been in effect for many years; however, this is the first comprehensive meta-analytic effort to quantify the usefulness of home visits as a strategy for helping families across a range of outcomes. Sixty home visiting programs contributed data to analysis within 5 child and 5 parent outcome groups. Standardized effect sizes were computed for each end-of-treatment outcome measure, for each treatment versus control contrast. Weighted mean standardized effect sizes ranged from -.043 to.318; 6 of the 10 significantly differed from 0. No one program characteristic consistently affected effect sizes across outcome groups. The extent to which these findings have practical use for the field is discussed. Language: en
Syllabic and moraic structures in Piro

Syllable structure in Piro, an Arawakan language spoken in Eastern Peru, exhibits properties that are of considerable interest. First, Piro allows three-consonant clusters in the syllabic onset (Matteson 1965) but a vowel-deletion rule is blocked to avoid such clusters, which makes it difficult to simply attribute the blocking to well-formedness constraints on syllable structure (cf. Kisseberth 1970a, b). Second, the onset consonant clusters are not governed by the Sonority Sequencing Principle (Selkirk 1984a, Clements 1990). The fact that all consonants except the prevocalic ones are described by Matteson (1965) as syllabic seems to obviate the need to posit complex onsets. However, these syllabic consonants do not participate in any phonological rules, including word stress and phrase-level rhythmic rules. If they are considered extrasyllabic throughout the phonology, they become exceptions to our general conceptions of extra-prosodicity, stray erasure and prosodic licensing (Ito 1986, 1989), since numerous such extrasyllabic consonants are not at the peripheral position of a well-defined domain but persist to be present throughout the derivation. Third, loss of an onset or unsyllabified consonant can lead to compensatory lengthening (henceforth CL), contradicting the moraic conservation account of CL (Hock 1986, Hayes 1989). Fourth, as Piro has no underlying long segments nor evidence for a heavy closed syllable, it becomes a counterexample to the typological prediction that CL occurs only in languages that have a pre-existing vowel-length contrast (de Chene & Anderson 1979) or syllable-weight contrast (Hayes 1989).
Human uterine NK cells interact with uterine macrophages via NKG2D upon stimulation with PAMPs.

Problem The initiation of an immune response often involves the cooperation of various innate immune cells. In the human endometrium, uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and uterine macrophages are present in significant numbers and in close proximity, yet how they cooperatively respond to infectious challenge is poorly understood. Method of study Primary autologous uNK cells and macrophages were co-cultured to determine functional interactions after stimulation with pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Results After stimulation by polyI:C, human uNK cells interact with autologous uterine macrophages and produce interferon-γ in an NKG2D-dependent manner. Stimulated primary uterine macrophages up-regulated the expression of MHC Class I chain-related protein A (MICA), but expression of the cognate receptor NKG2D remained unchanged on uNK cells, even in the presence of cytokines. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the NKG2D-MICA interaction is an important molecular mechanism that is involved in the innate immune response to microbial signals in the human uterine endometrium.
Regge poles and the collective model of nuclear giant multipole resonances

Giant nuclear dipole and higher-multipole resonances may be described by a generalized Goldhaber-Teller model I, including spin-isospin (si) and compressional (c) vibrations besides the familiar isospin (i) vibrations. Their amplitudes appear as parallel ripples in a two-dimensional surface over the (E,L) plane. Sliced at L = const this gives the usual resonance plots versus excitation energy E; sliced at E = const gives resonance plots versus L(Fig. l, case of 12C electroexcitation at i00 MeV). These resonances are manifestations of Regge poles 2 which, when traced through varying E, together with
3‐Chloro‐2‐(Chloromethyl)‐1‐Propene

3-Chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-1-propene intermediate: pentaerythrityl tetrachloride intermediate: pentaerythrityl trichlorohydrin product: 3-Chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-1-propene intermediate: Tris(chloromethyl)acetic acid (205 g, 1.00 mol) Keywords: decarboxylation; elimination, miscellaneous; oxidation, CH2OH CO2H; replacement reactions, hydroxy by halogen; thermal decomposition reactions (pyrolytic reactions)
Comparison Findings of School Counselor Beliefs about ASCA National Model School Counseling Program Components Using the SCPCS.

The School Counseling Program Component Scale (SCPCS) was developed to measure beliefs about program components of the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) National Model. In 2002, results from the SCPCS indicated that “using data” was ranked as less important than other program components. The current follow-up study was conducted in 2009. Results from this study indicated that the component subscales are consistent and reliable. Notable shifts were found in “use of data for program planning” and “use of data for accountability” subscales, suggesting that school counselors may have begun to prioritize the value of using data.
POTENTIAL PARETO-IMPROVING MOVE TOWARD MOST FAVORED NATION TARIFFS

We use a multi-country asymmetric oligopolistic framework for segmented markets to study the welfare eects of reducing taridiscriminations — which we call a move towards Most Favored Nation taris. In our basic framework initial taris are arbitrary, and we consider unilateral reforms without and with reciprocity/retaliation. We extend the basic framework to allow for revenue constraints, unemployment and the case where the initial taris are at Nash optimal levels. We also consider multilateral reforms in the last sce- nario. Conditions under which such harmonizations are potentially Pareto-improving are derived and results compared across scenarios. Each scenario makes a signi…cant dierence to qualitative results.
Aspects of Mobility in Pre-Industrial Japanese Cities

A very great deal of our knowledge of urban life in Tokugawa Japan relates to the “happy society” of Genroku in the early 18th century, to the life of the theater and the gay quarters, and to the activities of the great merchant houses and the more extravagant and colorful of their heads. Extensive coverage is given theories of the state, administrative arrangements, and the discrepancies between the actual and theoretical positions of the classes of Tokugawa society. Ordinarily, mobility is treated in passing, partly because vertical social mobility is rightly presumed to have been a minor feature of that society until at least its closing period, and partly because the materials required are so difficult to unearth and so resistant to rigorous analysis. Bellah's observation that “…mobility was largely within classes rather than between them,” is apt, although Taeuber reminds us that “…movements of surplus youth from the rural areas to the cities were adjustments of population to resources and employment opportunies that ante-dated modern industrialization by some centuries.” Lampard completes the thought with respect to its implications for the transition to industrialism in his remark that “…old commercial-administrative centers [provide] ready markets, some tradition of urban life, and constant pressure to secure a livelihood from non-farming activity.”
A weighted-principal component regression method for the identification of physiologic systems

We introduce a system identification method based on weighted-principal component regression (WPCR). This approach aims to identify the dynamics in a linear time-invariant (LTI) model which may represent a resting physiologic system. It tackles the time-domain system identification problem by considering, asymptotically, frequency information inherent in the given data. By including in the model only dominant frequency components of the input signal(s), this method enables construction of candidate models that are specific to the data and facilitates a reduction in parameter estimation error when the signals are colored (as are most physiologic signals). Additionally, this method allows incorporation of preknowledge about the system through a weighting scheme. We present the method in the context of single-input and multi-input single-output systems operating in open-loop and closed-loop. In each scenario, we compare the WPCR method with conventional approaches and approaches that also build data-specific candidate models. Through both simulated and experimental data, we show that the WPCR method enables more accurate identification of the system impulse response function than the other methods when the input signal(s) is colored
Utilisation of chitosan flocculation of residual lipids and microfiltration for the production of low fat, clear WPC80

Annato coloured cheese whey was adjusted to pH 4.5 and treated with 0.01% (w/w) chitosan to selectively precipitate residual lipids, which were removed by gravity settling and microfiltration (MF). MF permeate was concentrated by ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) to produce whey protein concentrate with 80% protein (WPC80-Chitosan). WPC80 samples were also produced by UF/DF only (Control), and by MF without chitosan treatment (MF). Both WPC80-Chitosan and WPC80-MF samples had lower fat, lower turbidity, higher foam overrun/stability and lower quantities of volatile compounds than WPC80-Control before and after storage. WPC80-Chitosan samples have an additional advantage of annatto removal (excellent clarity).
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Crystalline Nonacenes

these linearly fused hydro-carbons have made significant contributions to the under-standing of electronic processes in organic semiconductors.Despite the utility of these compounds, the selection ofmaterials suitable for exploration essentially stops at penta-cene. Although numerous studies have predicted enticingelectronic properties for larger acenes,
Inhibition of lipogenesis reduces inflammation and organ injury in sepsis

Abstract Background Sepsis is a life-threatening acute inflammatory condition associated with metabolic complications. Accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs) induces inflammation and causes lipotoxic effects in the liver. Because fatty acid metabolism plays a role in the inflammatory response, we hypothesized that the administration of C75, a fatty acid synthase inhibitor, could alleviate the injury caused by sepsis. Methods Male mice were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). At 4 h after CLP, different doses of C75 (1- or 5-mg/kg body weight) or vehicle (20% dimethyl sulfoxide in saline) were injected intraperitoneally. Blood and liver tissues were collected at 24 h after CLP. Results C75 treatment with 1- and 5-mg/kg body weight significantly lowered FFA levels in the liver after CLP by 28% and 53%, respectively. Administration of C75 dose dependently reduced serum indexes of organ injury (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase) and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). In the liver, C75 treatment reduced inflammation (TNF-α and IL-6) and oxidative stress (inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2) in a dose-dependent manner. The 5-mg dose improved the 10-d survival rate to 85% from that of 55% in the vehicle. In the presence of C75, TNF-α release in RAW 246.7 cells with 4-h lipopolysaccharide stimulation was also significantly reduced. Conclusions C75 effectively lowered FFA accumulation in the liver, which was associated with inhibition of inflammation and organ injury as well as improvement in survival rate after CLP. Thus, inhibition of FFA by C75 could ameliorate the hepatic dysfunction seen in sepsis.
Baseline predictors of treatment gains in peak propulsive force in individuals poststroke

Current rehabilitation for individuals poststroke focuses on increasing walking speed because it is an indicator of community walking ability and quality of life. Propulsive force generated from the paretic limb is critical to walking speed and may reflect actual neural recovery that restores the affected neural systems. A wide variation across individuals in the improvements in paretic propulsive force was observed following an intervention that targeted paretic propulsive force. This study aimed to determine if specific baseline characteristics can be used to predict patients who would respond to the intervention. Participants (N = 19) with chronic poststroke hemiparesis walked at their self-selected and maximal walking speeds on a treadmill before and after a 12-week gait training program. Propulsive forces from the paretic limb were analyzed. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationships between (1) treatment gains in walking speed and propulsive force following intervention, and (2) treatment gains in propulsive force and baseline propulsive forces. Treatment gains in self-selected walking speed were correlated to treatment gains in paretic propulsive force following intervention. In addition, changes in paretic propulsive force between self-selected and maximal walking speeds at baseline were strongly correlated to treatment gains in paretic propulsive force. The capacity to modulate paretic propulsive force, rather than the absolute propulsive force during self-selected or maximal walking speed, predicted treatment gains in propulsive force following the intervention. Findings from this research could help to inform clinicians and researchers to target the appropriate patient population for rehabilitation interventions.
Participation and Equality

There is a question as to whether equality can be satisfactorily attained, or whether it must remain permanently out of reach (due to the incursion of socio-economic inequalities into political spaces, the logic of collective action which divides groups between leaders and rank-and-file, or the demographic conditions of mass democracy which produces millions more citizens than there are positions for active political life). I argue on behalf of the latter not simply as a description of our less than perfect democracies, but as a general framework for conceptualizing and stimulating progressive democratic reform. I argue for accepting the reality of second-class citizenship (in the sense of citizens who understand they will never hold office, that whatever voice they have must mediated by millions of others, and that their lack of great wealth diminishes their political opportunities) as a permanent feature of democracies such as our own. Accepting this plebian circumstance need not be merely pessimistic or deflationary, but can structure a progressive democratic project centered on vigilance toward government, the regulation of leaders’ public appearances, and economic redress. The plebian alternative is hard to accept because it involves acknowledging the relative powerlessness of ordinary citizens. But this is also its central value.
Management of Auto-Emasculation in the Psychotic State

We report 2 cases of self-inflicted penile amputations, which offered differing surgical options and contrasting surgical results due to varying time delays. In 1 case repair was done immediately, while repair in the other case was delayed by 3 days due to the psychotic state of the patient. The psychiatric backgrounds of such episodes are discussed, as well as the techniques of repair and reconstruction.
Manufacturing and sustainability of bonding systems for grinding tools

Grinding and honing processes are quality-defining operations in the production of many modern products. Process performance and product quality are contingent on selecting the correct abrasive tool for a specific application. Thus, tools with different bonding systems are used, namely resin bonded tools, vitrified bonded tools, and metallic bonded tools. Tool manufacturers have great knowledge in the choice and intricate production of these bond types and their countless variants. Most bond systems pass through mixing, forming, pressing, heat treatment, and post-processing steps. Single-layer metallic bonds can be generated by electroplating or brazing processes. This article reviews the manufacturing of tools with different bonding systems and discusses their ingredients. Furthermore, the economic, environmental and social dimension of tool production and tool use are considered to understand sustainability issues of different bond types. The review of tool manufacturing is necessary to enable informed life cycle assessments or other sustainability analyses for grinding or honing.
Psychophysiological Metrics for Workload are Demand-Sensitive but Multifactorial

Various psychophysiological indices of mental workload exhibit sensitivity to task demand factors, but the psychometrics of indices has been neglected. In particular, the extent to which different metrics converge on a common latent factor is unclear. In the present study, 150 participants performed in four task scenarios based on a simulation of unmanned vehicle operation. Scenarios required threat detection and/or change detection. Both single- and dual-task scenarios were used. Workload metrics were derived from the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), functional Near Infra-Red (fNIR) and eyetracking. Subjective workload was also assessed. Several metrics were appropriately sensitive to the differing levels of task load presented by the four scenarios. However, factor analysis identified multiple factors, each of which was associated with a single response system only, with no general factor. Caution should be used in assessing workload in the indi...
Positive and Negative Ion Sublimation from Transition Metal Surfaces: A Review of Some Recent Results.

Singly charged, positive and negative, atomic ions have been observed to sublime freely from 4d and 5d transition metal surfaces in the 1800 to 2600 K temperature range. The rates of sublimation were found to be about equal to those which would be observed under conditions of thermal equilibrium. Ion sublimation energies were obtained from the temperature dependence of these sublimation rates. The energies were found to be consistent with currently accepted values for the atom sublimation energy, electron work function, and first ionization potentials of the elements investigated. The electron affinities of these metal, atoms were determined from an isothermal measurement of the ratio of positive to negative ion sublimation rates. The results were compared with some recent theoretical estimates of this quantity for those 3d transition metals whose valence electron configurations are analogous to the 4d and 5d elements considered here.
Ultrasmall Reduced Graphene Oxide with High Near-Infrared Absorbance for Photothermal Therapy

We developed nanosized, reduced graphene oxide (nano-rGO) sheets with high near-infrared (NIR) light absorbance and biocompatibility for potential photothermal therapy. The single-layered nano-rGO sheets were ∼20 nm in average lateral dimension, functionalized noncovalently by amphiphilic PEGylated polymer chains to render stability in biological solutions and exhibited 6-fold higher NIR absorption than nonreduced, covalently PEGylated nano-GO. Attaching a targeting peptide bearing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif to nano-rGO afforded selective cellular uptake in U87MG cancer cells and highly effective photoablation of cells in vitro. In the absence of any NIR irradiation, nano-rGO exhibited little toxicity in vitro at concentrations well above the doses needed for photothermal heating. This work established nano-rGO as a novel photothermal agent due to its small size, high photothermal efficiency, and low cost as compared to other NIR photothermal agents including gold nanomaterials and carbon nanotubes.
Anodic Oxidation of Nitrogen-Added Al-Based Alloys for Thin-Film Transistors

Novel anodized films of nitrogen-added aluminum-based alloys were proposed for use in the fabrication of gate insulators for thin-film transistors, and the effect of nitrogen addition on the anodized aluminum-based alloys was investigated. Gadolinium and neodymium were employed as alternative alloy components. The film thickness, the dielectric constant, and the roughness average of the anodized films decreased as the nitrogen content increased, and the nitrogen content was required to be lower than 20 at.%. The most improved values of the breakdown electric fields of anodized aluminum-gadolinium and aluminum-neodymium alloy were 10.1 MV/cm with 6.0 at.% nitrogen content and 9.9 MV/cm with 4.0 at.% nitrogen content, respectively. The leakage currents of the anodized films under a negative bias, which could not be suppressed by high-temperature annealing, were adequately suppressed by nitrogen addition, especially in anodized aluminum-gadolinium alloy. The current leakage of the anodized aluminum-gadolinium alloy with 6.0 at.% nitrogen content became -8E-13 A at -10 V and 150°C. This value is nearly equal to that of chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) films.
Comparison of medical and surgical therapy for complicated gastroesophageal reflux disease in veterans

Abstract Background. Conventional medical treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease involves lifestyle modifications and combination drug therapy, but few studies have included these features in their protocols. Antireflux surgery has seldom been studied prospectively, and there have been no trials comparing modern medical and surgical treatments for reflux disease. Methods. We conducted a long-term, randomized trial of medical therapy (lifestyle modifications and up to four medications) and surgical therapy (Nissen fundoplication) in 247 patients (243 men and 4 women) with peptic esophageal ulcer, stricture, erosive esophagitis, or Barrett's esophagus. They received by random assignment either continuous medical therapy, medical therapy for symptoms only, or surgical therapy. Symptoms were assessed quarterly with a disease-activity index; esophagoscopy was performed at base line and each year for two years. The outcomes evaluated at one and two years included the activity index and the endoscopic gra...
Undervoltage Load Shedding Configuration Based on PV Curve

Undervoltage load shedding is one of the important means to prevent power system voltage instability. At present the trial-and-error method is usually used in the engineering practice to design the undervoltage load shedding scheme, however, such a design way lacks of systemization and its workload is heavy. For this reason, combining with practical engineering a PV curve based systemic method to configure undervoltage load shedding devices is proposed and it is the objective of the proposed method to ensure the rated voltage restoration. Research results show that the proposed method is systemic, robust and easy to use. The objective of the proposed method is to ensure specified.
Application of Modern Analytical Techniques in Monitoring Ammonia Nitrogen for Water Quality Evaluation

The ammonia nitrogen content is one of the indices of total quantity control of water pollutants in China.Controlling the total ammonia nitrogen emissions plays a significant role in water environment improvement.For better ammonia nitrogen pollution control , there is a need to develop more accurate , more effective and rapid analysis methods.In this paper , the determination methods of ammonia nitrogen content in water were summarized.The latest developments in laboratory methods and online monitoring methods were introduced.Furthermore , the characteristics of the newly developed methods were compared and their applications in the water environment monitoring were described.It is found that the quality of the ammonia analysis has been greatly improved , because of the integration of the new achievement in related disciplines into the modern analytical technology.So the application of modern technique in monitoring ammonia nitrogen content in water will play a more and more important role in water pollution control in the future.
Multigrid Electrostatic Computations in Density Functional Theory

Many systems of biophysical interest require quantum mechanical simulation techniques for an accurate physical description or elucidation of the phenomena guiding their dynamical evolution. Often these techniques offer the only avenue of study due to the limitations placed on experimental conditions. While accurate and helpful, traditional quantum chemical methods rely on basis set expansions and matrix diagonalization and thus suffer from poor scaling properties. This setback has prevented the study of many complex and interesting systems through the limits placed on the number of particles. With the advent of more sophisticated and powerful computing tools, along with algorithms which scale favorably, large scale simulations are finally becoming feasible.
Hey ho! Graduate student employees unionize at New York university

Dans cet aricle, l'A fait part du combat syndical des etudiants diplomes employes par les universites privees americaines. L'A revient ici sur les conditions d'emergence et les difficultes que connaissent ces syndicats dans l'ensemble des Etats-Unis
The seasonal and spatial distribution of textured dust storms observed by Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera

Abstract Local and regional dust storms observed by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) exhibit three main types of textures in their visible top structures which we describe as “pebbled”, “puffy”, and “plume-like.” In this paper, we present the temporal and spatial distribution of each texture type. There is a pause in activity near the solstices for all three texture types, but the pause is more pronounced for pebbled and plume-like dust storms than for puffy dust storms. The average size of each texture type is usually much larger during the northern summer and fall ( L s = 90 – 270 ° ) than during the rest of the Martian year. Although all three textures types can be observed at all latitudes, plume-like dust storms tend to dominate the northern mid-latitudes, pebbled dust storms tend to dominate the southern mid-latitudes, and puffy dust storms tend to dominate the low latitudes. During the 2001 global dust storm in Mars Year 25, we found a progression from a combination of all three texture types in the early stage to mostly plume-like dust storms in the expansion and decay phases.
Performance and robustness of bio-inspired digital liquid state machines

This paper presents a systematic performance and robustness study of bio-inspired digital liquid state machines (LSMs) for the purpose of future hardware implementation. Our work focuses not only on the study of the relation between a broad range of network parameters and performance, but also on the impact of process variability and environmental noise on the bio-inspired LSMs from a circuit implementation perspective. In order to shed light on the implementation of LSMs in digital CMOS technologies, we study the trade-offs between hardware overhead (i.e. precision of synaptic weights and membrane voltage and size of the reservoir) and performance. Assisted with theoretical analysis, we leverage the inherent redundancy of the targeted spiking neural networks to achieve both high performance and low hardware cost for the application of speech recognition. In addition, by modeling several types of catastrophic failure and random error, we show that the LSMs are generally robust. Using three subsets of the TI46 speech corpus to benchmark, we elucidate that in terms of isolated word recognition, the analyzed digital LSMs are very promising for future hardware implementation because of their low overhead, good robustness, and high recognition performance.
Unmanned aircraft system sense and avoid integrity: Intruder linear accelerations and analysis

This research aims at developing methods to meet safety targets for sense and avoid (SAA) sensors of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) through integrity and continuity risk evaluation. This paper bui...
Phase II Study of the JAK2 Inhibitor, INCB018424, In Patients with Refractory Leukemias Including Post-Myeloproliferative Disorder (MPD) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (sAML)

Abstract 509 Background: The JAK family of enzymes has a central role in normal hematopoiesis and immune response. Mutations of JAK2 gene that result in constitutive activation of JAK-STAT signaling and enhanced proliferation and survival signals have been described. This aberrant signaling pathway has been clearly demonstrated in myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), but also reported in other hematological cancers including acute leukemias. Aim: To explore the activity of INCB018424 in patients (pts) with advanced hematological cancers Method: We are conducting a phase II study of INCB018424 in pts with relapsed/refractory leukemias for which no standard therapies are anticipated to result in a durable remission. Pts with performance status 0 – 2 with adequate organ function and no active, uncontrolled intercurrent illness or infection, receive INCB018424 orally at 25 mg twice daily for 4 weeks (one cycle). Response is assessed after every 2 cycles of treatment. Responding pts or pts with stable disease are allowed to continue until progression. Dose escalation to 50 mg twice daily is permitted in pts demonstrating a benefit. Result: Thirty eight pts [median age, 69 years; (range, 45–88)] with relapsed and refractory leukemias (15 sAML, 13 AML, 3 ALL, 1 MDS, 4 CMML & 2 CML) have been treated. The median number of prior therapies is 2 (range, 1 to 6). Eleven pts (7 with sAML, 2 with AML, and 2 with CMML) had the JAK2 V617F mutation. Cytogenetic analysis showed diploid karyotype in 11, chromosome 5 and 7 abnormalities in 7, t(2;9) in 1, Philadelphia chromosome in 2 and other various abnormalities in 17. Pts who completed 2 cycles of INCB018424 are defined as having stable disease (SD). Pts have received a median of 2 cycles of therapy (range, 1 –18 cycles) with 15 pts having SD or better (5 for 2 cycles, 4 for 3 cycles, 3 for 4 cycles, 2 for 5 cycles and 1 for 18 cycles). Among these, 3 pts (2 with sAML and 1 with CMML with JAK2 mutation) have had a significant reduction in their bone marrow blasts (to Conclusion: INCB018424 is well-tolerated and has activity particularly in pts with sAML and CMML but also in AML and MDS, with or without JAK2 V617F mutation. Clinical studies combining INCB018424 with chemotherapy in sAML are warranted. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Use of arsenic trioxide in frontline therapy of APL. Verstovsek: INCYTE: Research Funding. Cortes: NOVARTIS: Research Funding. Newton: Incyte Corporation: Employment. Kantarjian: NOVARTIS: Research Funding. Ravandi: Incyte Corporation: Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.
A Survey of Doctoral Programs in IS in the USA and Canada.

This paper contains the results of a survey of 126 doctoral programs in Information Systems in the USA and Canada. Each educational institution's website was searched for applicable information about its doctoral program for information systems. This paper summarizes the similarities and differences of the programs of study, such as which college or school houses the program, prerequisites, foundational courses such as statistics and research methods, the number of core or concentration courses required, minor requirements, exam requirements, etc. The information gathered will be useful for institutions desiring to start a program or modify their existing PhD in Information Systems program, and for schools wishing to compare their program with other programs.
Virtual Patient Case Sharing Across Two Schools of Pharmacy.

Objective. To expand the use of virtual patients at 2 schools of pharmacy through virtual patient case sharing.Design. Faculty members at two schools of pharmacy collaborated to expand the use of virtual patients. Two simulation programs, vpSim and DecisionSim (Decision Simulation, LLC, Chadsford, PA), were used to create interactive patient cases for a required course and an elective course at the different schools. Each school developed cases for their own use and then shared the cases with the other school.Assessment. The development, sharing, and subsequent modification of cases were examined using a standardized data collection form completed by both schools. Survey instruments were used to gather data regarding faculty perception and student satisfaction. Pre- and post-tests were administered to assess student learning. Five cases were developed and shared between the institutions. The time spent constructing new cases (22 hours/case) was significantly longer than the time spent modifying the shared...
Dermatologic Toxicity Occurring During Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Monoclonal antibody inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been shown to improve outcomes for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) without RAS gene mutations. However, treatment with anti-EGFR agents can be associated with toxicities of the skin, nails, hair, and eyes. Because these dermatologic toxicities can result in treatment discontinuation and affect patient quality of life, their management is an important focus when administering anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. The present systematic review describes the current data reporting the nature and incidence of, and management and treatment options for, dermatologic toxicities occurring during anti-EGFR treatment of mCRC. A search of the National Library of Medicine PubMed database from January 1, 2009, to August 18, 2016, identified relevant reports discussing dermatologic toxicity management among patients with mCRC receiving anti-EGFR therapy. The studies were grouped by type and rated by level of evidence using the GRADE approach developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Overall, 269 reports were reviewed (nonrandomized trials, n = 120; randomized trials, n = 31; retrospective studies, n = 15; reviews, n = 39). Dermatologic toxicity of any grade occurs in most patients who receive anti-EGFR therapy; approximately 10% to 20% of patients experienced grade 3/4 toxicity. The most common dermatologic toxicities include papulopustular/acneiform rash, xerosis, and pruritus; however, nail changes, hair abnormalities, and ocular conditions also occur. Guidance for managing these toxicities includes the use of inexpensive emollient ointments and moisturizers, avoidance of sun exposure, avoidance of irritants, and the use of short showers. Several studies also found that preemptive treatment was more effective than reactive treatment at limiting the incidence and severity of skin toxicity. With appropriate treatment, the dermatologic toxicities associated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy can be managed, minimizing patient discomfort and the need for therapy interruption and/or discontinuation. Additionally, preemptive treatment can reduce dermatologic toxicity severity, ultimately yielding better quality of life.
Direct observations of liquid water formation at nano- and micro-scale in platinum group metal-free electrodes by operando X-ray computed tomography

Abstract Platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalyst materials are promising alternatives to Platinum-based catalysts for use in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The reduced cost and abundancy of the PGM-free catalyst materials can be potentially transformative. Catalytic activity, associated with atomically dispersed transition metal active sites, is intimately linked with the emerging morphology of the carbonaceous graphene-like material at nano-scale. Optimizing the morphology of these PGM-free catalyst layers for enhanced transport properties at the nano and micro-scales is critical for achieving overall performance, expressed as power-density, needed to make such materials technologically attractive. Unfortunately, the current understandings of both morphology and transport processes are very limited due to the novelty of the materials and the challenges in designing operando characterization techniques. In order to bridge these gaps in understanding, we used operando synchrotron X-ray computed tomography to visualize water transport in operating PEFCs. We found that liquid water pooled at the components interfaces and within larger catalyst layer voids. In the smaller macro-pores, ionomer swelling was observed under humidified conditions with nano X-ray computed tomography. These previously unknown insights will provide guidance on electrode and interface design to improve water management and power density of the PEFC with cost-effective PGM-free electrocatalysts.
What Ethics Owes Engineering

The relationship between ethics and engineering has largely been depicted as one-directional in which ethics enlightens engineers and their practices. The opposite contribution, from engineering to ethics, which has received far less attention, can be organized in three main categories. First, engineering leads to a wider separation between intention and ends, which are often unclear and sometimes not obtained, and a multiplication of means and mediation, which can increase uncertainty in ethical assessments. Second, engineering reduces the amount of time spent satisfying basic needs, which increases the amount of time and energy directed toward voluntary goals while amplifying human power and providing the material and social conditions that have been associated with philosophical activity since the time of the ancient Greeks. Third, engineering successes have also brought into relief an innovative understanding of desire and its social implications, catalyzed a more expansive scope of moral reasoning and universal imperatives, and illuminated the interrelated nature of existence between humans and the non-human world. Taken together, such insights have rejuvenated ethical inquiry and so have led to better understandings of the “good life” and authentic development. Engineering can be thought of as a “gadfly” that can shake the dogmatic ethical “horse” into action.
Short-Wavelength Approximations

In this chapter we want to discuss approximation methods for scattering that are applicable when the de Broglie wavelength of the scattered particle (or of the relative motion of two) is small. In Sees. 18.2 and 18.3 this means small compared with the characteristic distance within which the forces change by an appreciable fraction of themselves. In Sec. 18.4, where we consider the scattering of a particle by a bound state, the energy scale is set by the binding energy E B of the latter. If we call (2mE B )-1/2the sizeof the bound state, in the sense in which one speaks of the size of the deuteron, we may say in all these cases that the wavelength of the missile is small compared with the size of the target. For given interparticle potentials we are therefore in the high-frequency, or high-energy, region.
DC Properties of Logic Elements

In order for a computer to be able to monitor an experiment, the instrumentation must be tied in with the computer. Usually, a continuous (analog) signal must be monitored, and some sequence of events must be controlled by the computer (turn on a switch, start a clock, store data, calculate values, etc.). This sequence of events can be caused to occur by an appropriate combination of logic elements. These logic elements may be rather simple or highly complex. The simplest of these is called a gate and may be considered as a simple electronic on-off switch. When the switch is closed, a signal goes through; when open, it does not. Several of these on-off switches can be combined in such a way that they simulate simple logical expressions.
Spatio-Temporal Expression and Functional Analysis of miR-206 in Developing Orofacial Tissue

Background Development of the mammalian palate is dependent on precise, spatiotemporal expression of a panoply of genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), the largest family of noncoding RNAs, function as crucial modulators of cell and tissue differentiation, regulating expression of key downstream genes. Observations Our laboratory has previously identified several developmentally regulated miRNAs, including miR-206, during critical stages of palatal morphogenesis. The current study reports spatiotemporal distribution of miR-206 during development of the murine secondary palate (gestational days 12.5-14.5). Result and conclusion Potential cellular functions and downstream gene targets of miR-206 were investigated using functional assays and expression profiling, respectively. Functional analyses highlighted potential roles of miR-206 in governing TGFs- and Wnt signaling in mesenchymal cells of the developing secondary palate. In addition, altered expression of miR-206 within developing palatal tissue of TGFs3-/- fetuses reinforced the premise that crosstalk between this miRNA and TGFs3 is crucial for secondary palate development.
Engaging Adolescent Struggling Readers ThroughDecision-Making Role-Play Simulation: Using Primary Source Documents

AbstractFor adolescents who struggle with reading, a lack of confidence and reluctance to read in content areas such as history/social science presents challenges to learning. More specifically, difficulties with text comprehension and analysis limit content knowledge acquisition and self-expression, which can impact academic success. Therefore, it is incumbent on teachers to create a sense of community that supports students’ risk taking, communication of thoughts, and opportunities for inquiry related to text. To extend this point, literacy scholars have identified engagement through collaborative activities as critical support to the development of content knowledge and literacy. Therefore, I discuss the role of engagement and its benefits for struggling readers through a presentation of the Situation Room experience. Anecdotal quotes obtained from classroom teachers align with the literature and reinforce the important role of social engagement as instrumental literacy support for adolescents who stru...