cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple Transcript Properties Related to Translation Affect mRNA Degradation Rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Degradation of mRNA contributes to variation in transcript abundance. Studies of individual mRNAs have shown that both cis and trans factors affect mRNA degradation rates. However, the factors underlying transcriptome-wide variation in mRNA degradation rates are poorly understood. We investigated the contribution of different transcript properties to transcriptome-wide degradation rate variation in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using multiple regression analysis. We find that multiple transcript properties are significantly associated with variation in mRNA degradation rates, and that a model incorporating these properties explains ∼50% of the genome-wide variance. Predictors of mRNA degradation rates include transcript length, ribosome density, biased codon usage, and GC content of the third position in codons. To experimentally validate these factors, we studied individual transcripts expressed from identical promoters. We find that decreasing ribosome density by mutating the first translational start site of a transcript increases its degradation rate. Using coding sequence variants of green fluorescent protein (GFP) that differ only at synonymous sites, we show that increased GC content of the third position of codons results in decreased rates of mRNA degradation. Thus, in steady-state conditions, a large fraction of genome-wide variation in mRNA degradation rates is determined by inherent properties of transcripts, many of which are related to translation, rather than specific regulatory mechanisms.
Intra‐individual variability in job complexity over time: Examining the effect of job complexity trajectory on employee job strain

Summary Drawing on gestalt characteristics theory, we advance the literature on the effect of job complexity on employee well-being by considering intra-individual variability of job complexity over time. Specifically, we examine how the trend, or trajectory, of job complexity over time can explain unique variance of employee job strain. Across two longitudinal data sets, we consistently find that, with the average level of job complexity during a given period held constant, a positive job complexity trajectory (i.e., an increasing trend in complexity) is associated with higher employee job strain. Based on job-demand-control theory and the exposure-reactivity model, we further establish that job autonomy and employee emotional stability jointly moderate the relationship between job complexity trajectory and employee job strain. Specifically, for employees with high emotional stability, job autonomy mitigates the job strain brought by positive job complexity trajectory, whereas for employees with low emotional stability, job autonomy does not help to reduce the adverse effect of the increasing trend. These findings not only contribute to extend the understanding of the job complexity – strain relationship, but also suggest a promising, dynamic avenue to study the effects of work characteristics on employee well-being as well as other outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positive Psychology in Jewish Education: Gratitude in the School and Synagogue Classroom

AbstractPositive psychology is a rapidly growing area of study for research psychologists, and more recently for school psychologists and educators as well. Yet religious education researchers and practitioners have yet to embrace this exciting new field. The current article introduces positive psychology to clergy and educators in religious institutions. By way of example, we explore gratitude, an area of particular focus among positive psychologists, demonstrating the benefits observed in those who possess and express this trait, and delineate how gratitude can be induced in the Jewish religious classroom.
Tameness and Independence

One of the main goals of this chapter is to introduce the combinatorial notion of independence (Definitions 8.1 and 8.7) and explain how it connects to the structure theory in Chapters 3 and 7. This connection is starker in the case of measure-preserving dynamics but also requires more technicalities in the definitions and arguments, and so we will concentrate our efforts on topological dynamics and only briefly discuss p.m.p. actions in Section 8.4.
Legal and institutional foundations of adaptive environmental governance

National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) - National Science Foundation [DBI-1052875]
"Post-succession Strategic Change, Firm Performance, and the Role of New CEOs' Prior Board Experience"

In this study, we examine the relationship between strategic change and firm performance in the context of CEO succession. The literature on dynamic capabilities suggests that a firm’s ability to a...
Long-Term PTSD and Comorbidity with Depression Among World Trade Center Responders

This chapter explores the prevalence, correlates, and consequences of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in World Trade Center (WTC) responders. Rates of WTC-related PTSD varied depending on when and how the assessments were conducted. In the Stony Brook cohort, 17% developed PTSD during the first 13 years after the accident; half had active illness 11–13 years later. Consistent with clinical and epidemiologic research, several studies found that PTSD was associated with medical conditions and impaired functioning. PTSD was also highly comorbid with depression, and comorbidity was associated with very poor outcomes. In the Stony Brook cohort, the majority of responders with comorbid PTSD and depression were out of the workforce (65.2%), diagnosed with a WTC medical condition (81.9%), and had impairments in life satisfaction (83.2%), relationships with friend (52.4%), and social support (63.1%). The data support the need for continued monitoring and treatment of both conditions.
Readmissions in Patients with Anticoagulated Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Review.

Objective To determine the effect of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared with warfarin on the 30-day readmission rates in patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients from our hospital's trauma database admitted between June 2011 and October 2015 to our level II trauma center after sustaining a traumatic ICH while receiving anticoagulant therapy. Patients were stratified based on the anticoagulation drug (DOAC or warfarin) prescribed on admission. The readmission rates between the 2 groups were compared using χ2 analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Patients who died during their initial admission were excluded. Results Over the 4-year period, 160 patients were admitted with traumatic ICH. Seventy-nine were receiving warfarin and 57 were receiving a DOAC at admission. Data collected included age, sex, injury severity score, admission Glasgow Coma Score, Abbreviated Injury Scale (head), mechanism of injury, hospital and intensive care unit lengths of stay, discharge destination (eg, home, rehabilitation facility, nursing facility), comorbidities, operative interventions, readmissions, and reasons for the readmissions. The rate of readmission for rebleeding of ICH was significantly lower in the DOAC group compared with the warfarin group (5.3% vs. 17.7%; P = 0.04). Multivariate logistic regression suggests that warfarin use, but not DOAC use, is associated with increased readmission both for all causes and for ICH rebleeding. Conclusions Warfarin use is associated with higher readmission rates in patients with intracranial bleeding for both all-cause readmissions and for intracranial rebleeding.
Use of the Hydro-Salinity, Crop Production Optimization Model APSIDE to Validate Results from an Updated Regional Flow Model of the San Joaquin River Basin

APSIDE is an optimization model capable of simulating irrigation hydrology and agricultural production under saline conditions. The model has been used in the past to predict future agricultural production under future climate change in the San Joaquin River Basin of California (Quinn et al. 2004). In this study the model was used to query the results from a highly-regarded, published regional surface-groundwater flow model of the Central Valley of California – CVHM (Faunt et al. 2009) which includes the San Joaquin Basin. The APSIDE model was updated using recent aquifer and climate data and provided common initial conditions to allow a 53 year comparative simulation of the models. Model outputs for individual water districts for parameters such as deep percolation and upflux in APSIDE were compared to identical drained subareas within the CVHM model. The comparison showed that the APSIDE model produced lower values of deep percolation and upflux than CVHM. CVHM’s deep percolation values were 18% higher in Panoche WD, 40% higher in Broadview WD, 68% higher in San Luis WD, and 46% higher in Pacheco WD. Unlike the CVHM model that assumes fixed levels of irrigation and drainage technology and static average water district irrigation efficiency APSIDE will substitute more cost effective irrigation and drainage technologies based on the calculated future benefit stream relative to the cost of production and impact of salinity on crop yields. An unpublished recent update to the current CVHM model (CVHM-2) which substitutes actual irrigation diversion records from delivery canals rather than usually-reliable Agency records - produced water district irrigation diversions that were approximately 50% of the previously provided diversion data. The new model produces water district aquifer recharge estimates that correlate closely with APSIDE model output. This study demonstrates the successful use of a complementary agricultural production optimization and hydro-salinity simulation model to help validate a radical and important update to a widely distributed and well-accepted regional flow groundwater model.
Inner and Outer Space in Social Casework

Ego psychology's concept of inner space is being displaced by new developments in situation and communication theories that offer a more dynamic and useful approach to helping people. Social worker...
DNA Methylation of the Human Klotho Gene: Associations with IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 Expression and Ovarian Cancer Survival

1204 The klotho gene encodes a protein that inhibits insulin and IGF-I signaling and functions as an anti-aging hormone. The klotho gene contains a large CpG island that spans the putative promoter site and much of the first exon. To date, no studies have evaluated DNA methylation in this region and few studies have explored the role of klotho in human cancers. We designed two methylation-specific PCR (MSP) assays to examine methylation in either the promoter or exon region of the klotho gene. The association of methylation with local expressions of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3, disease characteristics, and patient survival was then evaluated in a group of 215 epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from fresh frozen tissues, treated with sodium bisulfite, and analyzed using MSP. IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 expression was measured using quantitative RT-PCR for mRNA and ELISA for protein extracts from tumor tissue. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were performed to evaluate the associations between methylation, expression, and disease characteristics; Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to evaluate methylation association with survival outcome. Methylation of the klotho gene was found in 14% (promoter) and 55% (exon) of ovarian cancer patients. Promoter methylation was not significantly associated with patient or tumor characteristics; methylation in the exon region, however, was found more frequently in older individuals (p = 0.047). While not statistically significant, levels of IGF-I and IGF-II were higher among patients with promoter methylation; conversely, IGFBP-3 expression was found to be lower among patients with promoter methylation. In the exon region, methylation was significantly associated with higher IGF-II levels (p = 0.049). Survival analysis showed that progression-free survival time was significantly reduced in patients with klotho promoter methylation after adjustment for patient age at surgery, disease stage, tumor grade, and residual tumor size (HR = 1.92, 95% C.I.: 1.13-3.27). In summary, methylation rates differed between the promoter and exon regions of the klotho gene; results suggest that methylation in this region may affect expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 and ultimately may lead to poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients.
The ion and water transport properties of K+ and Na+ form perfluorosulfonic acid polymer

Abstract In this work, we explore the behavior of membranes under conditions that are relevant to ion-exchange membranes used in a variety of electrochemical engineering applications, extending beyond the heavily-studied fuel cell application and previous studies of fully hydrated systems. We report the water uptake, density and conductivity of membranes determined at various hydration states of K+, Na+ and K+/Na+ mixed form perfluorosulfonate membranes. Water uptake decreases with increasing K+ content in the membrane, consistent with increasing average cation size and decreasing hydration energy. However, for membranes at the same water content, the conductivity increased with increasing K+ fraction, in spite of the fact that the size of K+ is larger than that of Na+. Analysis of data on the basis of percentage conducting volume reveals that the membranes with higher K+ content show a much higher conductivity (with higher cation mobility) at percentage conducting volumes higher than 10%. One reason for this behavior may be due to a higher extent of dissociation for K+ from the fixed anion site. TEM results show a larger cluster size in K+ form membranes, another possible reason for faster K+ transport. Pulsed field gradient (PFG) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) shows that water diffusion coefficient in the membranes with higher K+ fraction is higher than for samples with lower K+ fraction. FT-IR bands shift with the change of cation content, supporting the suggestion of a higher degree of cation-sulfonate dissociation and weaker hydrogen bonding interactions between cation and water molecules for membranes with higher K+ content.
In Vivo Intraoperative Interstitial Hyperthermia in the Dog

While it has become clear from research conducted in numerous laboratories that hyperthermia may be an effective adjuvant in the treatment of malignancy, many difficulties continue to be associated with delivery of heat to deep tissue (Meyer 1984; Samulski et al. 1984). This investigation was designed to assess the feasibility of delivering interstitial hyperthermia to deep structures during a surgical procedure. We have investigated the feasibility of delivering hyperthermia in an intraoperative fashion. External heating of deep tumors of abdominal viscera necessitates heating skin, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and peritoneum to unwanted high temperatures, as well as making equal heat distribution to the target organ more difficult (Cheung and Neyzari 1984). Advantages of intraoperative interstitial hyperthermia include: (a) better control of heat distribution within the tumor (Lilly et al. 1983), (b) sparing of normal tissue such as skin and skeletal muscle, and (c) possible combination of this technique with intraoperative radiation therapy or radioactive interstitial implantation (Dobelbower et al. 1989).
The TRH Test in Psychiatric Disorders

The thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test, that is, measurement of serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) following TRH administration, is inexpensive, safe, rapidly conducted, depends upon a radioimmunoassay now generally available, and does not require a high level of patient cooperation. It is noteworthy that in psychiatric patients in whom a diminished or blunted TSH response to TRH has been identified, no endocrine explanation has yet been identified. Factors that are known to reduce the TRH-induced TSH response are: increasing age, male sex, acute starvation, chronic renal failure, Klinefelter’s syndrome, repetitive administration of TRH, and administration of somatostatin, neurotensin, dopamine, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids (see Loosen 1986, 1988, for a review). Moreover, several drugs can cause abnormal, i.e., attenuated or exaggerated TRH test results (Wenzel 1981; Table 1). These need to be considered whether one performs the TRH test for psychoendocrine purposes or for diagnosis of endocrine disease.
Effects of multiple stresses on radish growth and resource allocation : I. Responses of wild radish plants to a combination of SO2 exposure and decreasing nitrate availability.

Acclimation of wild radish plants to a simultaneous combination of SO2 fumigation and decreasing nitrate availability was investigated. Plants were grown for 24 d under continuous daytime (10h) exposure to 0 or 0.4 ppm SO2 and were grown in a nutrient solution with stable nitrate concentrations of 100 μM for the first 15 d, 50 μM from day 15 to day 19, and 25 μM from day 19 to day 24. Analysis of relative growth rates (RGR) showed that radish plants responded rapidly to changes in nitrate availability and that SO2 treatment affected those responses. Shoot RGR of plants from both treatments and root RGR of control plants showed rapid declines and subsequent recoveries in response to decreasing nitrate availability. Root RGR of SO2-treated plants declined rapidly in response to decreased nitrate availability, but did not recover as quickly or completely as root RGR of control plants. Analysis of specific leaf weights and tissue nitrogen concentrations showed that control plants had significantly higher amounts of nitrogen in tissues after nitrate availability was lowered, and had higher rates of nitrate uptake in comparison to SO2-treated plants; especially when nitrate availability was highest. Furthermore, control plants had temporarily higher rates of root respiration in comparison to SO2-treated plants, suggesting that control plants temporarily allocated more resources to physiological processes occurring in roots, such as nutrient uptake. Although SO2-induced changes in growth and resource allocation of plants were relatively small, it was probable that SO2 treatment of radish plants affected plant nitrogen balance, and subsequently affected the ability of plants to respond to decreased nitrate availibility, by affecting resource partitioning to nitrate uptake and root growth.
A 41.2 nJ/class, 32-Channel On-Chip Classifier for Epileptic Seizure Detection

A 41.2 nJ/class, 32-channel, patient-specific onchip classification architecture for epileptic seizure detection is presented. The proposed system-on-chip (SoC) breaks the strict energy-area-delay trade-off by employing area and memoryefficient techniques. An ensemble of eight gradient-boosted decision trees, each with a fully programmable Feature Extraction Engine (FEE) and FIR filters are continuously processing the input channels. In a closed-loop architecture, the FEE reuses a single filter structure to execute the top-down flow of the decision tree. FIR filter coefficients are multiplexed from a shared memory. The 540 × 1850 μm2 prototype with a 1kB register-type memory is fabricated in a TSMC 65nm CMOS process. The proposed on-chip classifier is verified on 2253 hours of intracranial EEG (iEEG) data from 20 patients including 361 seizures, and achieves specificity of 88.1% and sensitivity of 83.7%. Compared to the state-of-the-art, the proposed classifier achieves 27 × improvement in Energy-AreaLatency product.
Human Rhinovirus Impairs the Innate Immune Response to Bacteria in Alveolar Macrophages in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Rationale: Human rhinovirus (HRV) is a common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Secondary bacterial infection is associated with more severe symptoms and delayed ...
Determining Transgender: Adjudicating Gender Identity in U.S. Asylum Law:

Transgender legal protections have long been contentious issues, with courts often pathologizing or refusing recognition of transgender identities. Recently, however, courts adjudicating asylum cla...
Forestalling Preschool Expulsion: A Mixed-Method Exploration of the Potential Protective Role of Teachers’ Perceptions of Parents:

Preschoolers are being expelled at an alarming rate and little is known about protective factors. One factor may be the relationship between parents and teachers. Using surveys and interviews, the ...
BAYESIAN STATISTICAL DECISION THEORY AND RELIABILITY-BASED DESIGN

Abstract Statistical decision theory provides a framework for decision making under uncertainty. If structural reliability has as its primary purpose the improvement of the engineering of structures, then decision rather than description should be its goal, and statistical decision theory should be its prominent analytical tool. The major concepts of statistical decision theory are the treatment of unknown states or parameters as random, and the use of utility and the expected utility criterion in a prescription for the process of choosing among alternative actions. In the context of structural reliability the implications are that the professional judgement and the statistical analysis of data which are associated with parameter uncertainty are incorporated more naturally into the probabilistic model, and that the entire reliability analysis is related directly to the problem of choosing the design which best balances risks and costs.
Unique Challenges in the Pediatric Population

Traumatic dental injuries are a challenge for dentists regardless of the age of the patient. This is because these injuries often happen after-hours and occur relatively infrequently. It is difficult to be prepared for an event that is unpredictable in its severity and timing. Among the pediatric population, there are additional unique challenges that complicate the care plan. Very young children may have difficulty understanding questions or providing information about the injury. They may have an inability or desire to cooperate for evaluation and treatment. In some cases, the adult accompanying the child may not have the legal authority to allow the needed care. Communication issues may be present because of language differences. Emotions are high following a traumatic injury, and the dentist and the dental team may need to spend time gaining trust and explaining the treatment options. Finally, the dental team must determine if the injury matches the description provided or if there is a potential concern for child abuse or maltreatment.
Near-extremizers of Young’s inequality for Euclidean groups

Any pair of functions that nearly realizes equality in Young's convolution inequality ∥f∗g∥s≤A∥f∥p∥g∥q with sharp constant, for Euclidean groups, is close in norm to a pair that realizes equality.
Psychotic experiences and suicidal outcomes in a general population sample

Abstract Psychotic experiences (PEs) are associated with suicidal ideation and attempts. However, studies examining the role of potential psychosocial confounders in these associations have yielded variable and inconclusive results. In the current study, data from 974 participants in a general population sample were analyzed. We fitted four regression models to examine the associations between PEs vs. suicidal ideation and attempts, using hierarchical adjustments for sociodemographic factors and psychosocial risk factors. After adjustment for sociodemographic factors and psychosocial factors, PEs were associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation (odds ratio (OR) = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.12–3.22) and suicide attempts (OR = 4.33, 95% CI = 1.77–10.60). For both suicidal ideation and attempts, the association was attenuated but remained statistically significant, even at the highest level of adjustment. Sociodemographic factors and psychosocial factors substantially confound the association between PEs and suicidal ideation and attempts. When adjusting for these confounders, PEs remain independently associated with both suicidal ideation and attempts.
Triazole Modified Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid Conjugated to Polyethylene Glycol: High Affinity Thyrointegrin α v β 3 Antagonist with Potent Anticancer Activities in Glioblastoma Multiforme

Discovery of bioactive molecules that target integrins has implicated their role in tumor angiogenesis, tumor growth, metastasis, and other pathological angiogenesis processes. Integrins are members of a family of cell surface receptors that play a critical role in the angiogenesis process. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), a deaminated derivative of l-thyroxine (T4), is a "thyrointegrin" antagonist that blocks the actions of l-triiodothyronine (T3) and T4 with an interaction site that is located at or near the RGD recognition site identified on integrin αvβ3's binding pocket (thyrointegrin αvβ3 receptors). We have enhanced the biological activity of a tetrac-based inhibitor via significantly improving its αvβ3 receptor binding affinity by introducing a triazole ring on the outer ring of tetrac and covalently conjugating to polymer to increase the product's hydrophilicity via PEGylation. The product, P-bi-TAT, was restricted from nuclear translocation and demonstrated high blood brain barrier permeability and retention in contrast to the non-PEG conjugated derivative. Results of biological activity indicated that this macromolecule new chemical entity P-bi-TAT has greater than 400-fold potent integrin αvβ3 affinity versus the parent compound tetrac and has potent anticancer/anti-angiogenesis efficacy against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). P-bi-TAT administered subcutaneously once daily for 21 days at 1-10 mg/kg mouse body weight resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of GBM tumor growth and viability as monitored with IVIS imaging (P 95% volume loss and maximal loss of GBM cell viability during the 21 days ON-treatment experiment as well as in the 21 days ON followed by 21 days OFF-treatment experiment (P < 0.001). In conclusion, P-bi-TAT is a promising lead clinical candidate effective in the treatment of human GBM.
Coupling Natural and Human Models in the Context of a Lake Ecosystem: Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, USA

Abstract Nutrient loading lead to poor water quality and this has impacts of the welfare of people who live near lakes. We develop a novel coupling between a limnology model of within-lake hydrodynamics and an economic model of property prices to support integrated assessments of actions to protect or improve water quality. We find, in the context of Lake Mendota that is eutrophic with high concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P), that there is a nonlinear response in water quality to changes in nutrient loading. Reductions in nutrient loading result in much larger improvements in water quality than the magnitude of water quality deterioration with a similar size increase in nutrient loading. Given the in-situ concentrations of N and P in the lake, large reductions in nutrient loading are required to have a substantial impact on water quality.
Protein:Carbohydrate Ratios in the Diet of Gypsy Moth Lymantria dispar Affect its Ability to Tolerate Tannins.

Generalist insect herbivores may regulate nutrient balance in their diets, including the incorporation of carbohydrates as well as proteins. However, secondary metabolites, including tannins, are likely to interact with dietary protein:carbohydrate ratios in insect herbivores. We investigated the effects of protein:carbohydrate ratios, tannin, and the interaction between macronutrient ratios and tannin on the performance of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar. We designed a 6 X 3 factorial experiment, with six protein:carbohydrate ratios and three tannin concentrations. We monitored the development time and size of gypsy moths on the different diets. We conducted 4th stadium feeding trials to measure consumption, digestibility, and overall efficiency of ingestion/digestion. Gypsy moths fed a diet containing a 1:1 protein:carbohydrate ratio without tannin grew larger and developed faster than those fed a 1:2 protein:carbohydrate ratio diet. Increasing protein in the diet above the 1:1 protein:carbohydrate ratio (i.e. 2:1 or 7:1) did not have a significant effect on gypsy moth growth or development. Approximate digestibility was greatest in treatments with a low protein:carbohydrate ratio (1:2). Gypsy moths grew faster and larger on no-tannin diets than those with tannin in the diet. However, the specific concentration of tannin did not affect growth. The resulting interaction between protein:carbohydrate ratio and tannin showed that there may be a trade-off between development time and efficiency of food assimilation. We also found that feeding gypsy moth larvae an optimal protein:carbohydrate ratios may be more important for tolerating tannin than the amount of protein ingested alone.
A motion capture system for the study of human manufacturing repetitive motions

This manuscript presents a method for motion capture–based manufacturing time and motion studies. The proposed human motion analytics system uses motion capture technology to collect, transform, store, and analyze data from repetitive physical motions performed by manufacturing workers. The system supports the isolation of basic simple motions for analysis using statistical process control and data analytics techniques. The proposed method has resulted in the ability to identify patterns of repetitive motions and statistically significant deviations from those patterns.
Infant mental health in intensive care: Laying a foundation for social, emotional and mental health outcomes through regulation, relationships and reflection

Abstract Infants and their families who begin their lives in intensive care often experience short and long term behavioral, socioemotional and mental health challenges that often follow them into adulthood. Utilization of evidence-based infant mental health principles, approaches and strategies in the neonatal intensive care unit can contribute to the promotion of optimal outcomes for babies and their parents. In order to integrate mental health best practices into intensive care settings, an emphasis on infant and family regulation, optimal nurturing relationships and reflective practice is offered. Using a parallel process, similar strategies in support of intensive care professionals in their provision of appropriate mental health supports to babies and families is essential.
Selective serotonin receptor stimulation of the ventral tegmentum differentially affects appetitive motivation for sugar on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Abstract Serotonin signaling influences satiety and motivation through known actions in the hindbrain and hypothalamus. Recently, we reported that some classes of serotonin receptors also modulate food intake through actions in the ventral tegmentum and the nucleus accumbens. In the current experiments, we examined whether activation or blockade of individual serotonin receptor subtypes in the ventral tegmentum might also affect appetitive motivation for sugar pellets as assessed in a progressive ratio (PR) task. Separate groups of rats were tested following stimulation or blockade of ventral tegmental serotonin 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2C, or 3 receptors. Rats within each group received multiple doses of a single drug across days; each test was separated by 72 h. Progressive ratio break point was significantly affected by stimulation of ventral tegmental serotonin 1A receptors with 8-OH-DPAT (0, 2, 4, 8 μg/side) or stimulation of serotonin 3 receptors with mCPBG (0, 10, & 20 μg/side). High doses of both agents tended to decrease break point. Additionally, stimulation of serotonin 2C receptors with RO60-0175 (at 0, 2, and 5 μg/side) reduced total lever presses and demonstrated a trend towards reducing break point. There were no effects of stimulating ventral tegmental serotonin 1B, 2A, or 2B receptors on break point; neither did antagonism of any of the serotonin receptor subtypes significantly affect performance. These data provide additional evidence that serotonergic signaling in the mesolimbic pathway affects motivated behavior, and demonstrate that a subset of serotonin receptors impact not only food consumption, but appetitive food-seeking as well.
Where Is the Love? Race, Self-Exile, and a Kind of Reconciliation

Cultivating solidarity or love for community for those systematically abused by the state and its civic community is a longstanding challenge. While the latter should primarily shoulder responsibil...
The shape of Torrance theology

For Andrew Purves, ‘shape’ is too static a concept to delineate the theology of T. F. Torrance. Rather, his is a theology on the move, based as it is on knowledge of God in, through, and as Jesus Christ. His paper explores the Christological nature of Torrance’s kinetic theology focussing on the homoousial relationship between Christ and the Father; the relationship between the incarnation and the atonement; and the two-fold ministry of Jesus Christ, ministering the things of God to humankind and the things of humankind to God.
Demystifying the Big Horn Medicine Wheel: A contextual analysis of meaning, symbolism, and function

The Big Horn Medicine Wheel in northern Wyoming has been the subject of anthropological curiosity for more than a century. Yet despite this long history of investigation, relatively little is known about the uses and meanings embedded in this stone configuration in the past. Previous studies have tended to focus exclusively on the original purpose and function of this structure, resulting in essentializing and unsatisfactory hypotheses regarding its construction. In an attempt to rectify this situation, this study utilizes a contextual approach to examine the multiple meanings and symbolic aspects of the Big Horn Medicine Wheel previously ignored in purely functional analyses. Specifically, this study focuses on two features of this famous monument: 1) the placement of this medicine wheel within the surrounding landscape and geology of Medicine Mountain; and 2) the numerical symbolism and meanings embedded in the structure itself The results of this analysis suggest that the Big Horn Medicine Wheel is affiliated with the regeneration of game and notions of new life for indigenous Plains peoples, and was likely used in association with precontact and historic period vision quests.
Establishing a TOS-focused practice

Patients with thoracic outlet syndrome, especially neurologic, typically require many more resources than the typical vascular, thoracic, or neurologic patient. As such, a dedicated TOS clinic pays major dividends, in terms of time, resources, and patient and provider satisfaction. Such a clinic should include, at a minimum, a provider, physician extender, and physical or occupational therapist truly interested in the problem, along with logistical support for the documentation and paperwork required. If local resources permit, a neurodiagnostician with interest in modern, objective diagnostic and therapeutic block techniques is valuable, as are a psychologist or even a psychiatrist. Educational materials can be made available to patients ahead of time, streamlining the visit itself. Such a clinic does not need to be free-standing or full-time, but can exist “virtually” within a conventional clinic simply by designating a time when patients and providers can all assemble. Such a clinic vastly improves the care of patients with VTOS, and acts as a surprisingly effective marketing tool in most communities.
Slip-Dilatancy Model for Cracked Reinforced Concrete

A model is presented to calculate stresses, deformations, and crack width for a concrete slab or a shell wall that carries in-plane forces and is reinforced by a dense regular net of steel bars and containing one or two systems of straight, parallel, equisdistant, and densely distributed cracks. Friction on the cracks (aggregate interlock) and dilatancy due to their slip is approximately taken into account, and slipping cracks without contact are also allowed. The resulting stiffness matrix for concrete with frictional cracks is nonsymmetric and involves cross-terms relating the shear stress (or strain) and the normal strain (or stress), which implies that the principal strains and stresses in concrete are not co-axial. The proposed “service stress design with crack slip” never predicts smaller values of stresses in steel and concrete and of crack width than the classical frictionless design without crack slip. Significantly larger values are obtained when the angle between steel bars and principal stress is large. A single system of slipping cracks in contact is found to be always the critical case for maximum stresses and crack width.
Colicin B: Mode of Action and Inhibition by Enterochelin

Adsorption of colicin B to a sensitive strain of Escherichia coli results in rapid cessation of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein synthesis. Some classes of mutants insensitive to colicin B hyperexcrete a colicin inhibitor into their growth medium. This inhibitor functions by preventing adsorption of colicin B and does not rescue cells to which colicin has already adsorbed. The inhibitor is insensitive to nucleases, proteolytic enzymes, and lysozyme and is not extracted into organic solvents. The inhibitory material has a low molecular weight, which rules out identification as lipopolysaccharide, although purified lipopolysaccharide has some inhibitory activity. Evidence is presented that the inhibitor is enterochelin, an iron chelator which is the cyclic trimer of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine. Enterochelin does not inhibit colicin M, a colicin that is produced by many strains colicinogenic for colicin B.
Refurbishing tritium contaminated ion sources

Extended tritium experimentation on TFTR has necessitated refurbishing Neutral Beam Long Pulse Ion Sources (LPIS) which developed operational difficulties, both in the TFTR Test Cell and later, in the NE Source Refurbishment Shop. Shipping contaminated sources off-site for repair was not permissible from a transport and safety perspective. Therefore, the NE source repair facility was upgraded by relocating fixtures, tooling, test apparatus, and three-axis coordinate measuring equipment; purchasing and fabricating fume hoods; installing exhaust vents; and providing a controlled negative pressure environment in the source degreaser/decon area. Appropriate air flow monitors, pressure indicators, tritium detectors and safety alarms were also included. The effectiveness of various decontamination methods was explored while the activation was monitored. Procedures and methods were developed to permit complete disassembly and rebuild of an ion source while continuously exhausting the internal volume to the TFTR Stack to avoid concentrations of tritium from outgassing and minimize personnel exposure. This paper presents upgrades made to the LPIS repair facility, various repair tasks performed, and discusses the effectiveness of the decontamination processes utilized.
Warranties for faster strong consistency

We present a new mechanism, warranties, to enable building distributed systems with linearizable transactions. A warranty is a time-limited assertion about one or more distributed objects. These assertions generalize optimistic concurrency control, improving throughput because clients holding warranties need not communicate to verify the warranty's assertion. Updates that might cause an active warranty to become false are delayed until the warranty expires, trading write latency for read latency. For workloads biased toward reads, warranties improve scalability and system throughput. Warranties can be expressed using language-level computations, and they integrate harmoniously into the programming model as a form of memoization. Experiments with some non-trivial programs demonstrate that warranties enable high performance despite the simple programming model.
The geometry of BRS transformations

where A is the potential field (connection one form) and 1 is the ghost field. We show how these BRS transformations can be interpreted as purely differential geometric objects. We define a general BRS cohomology H q, p of the infinite dimensional Lie algebra g of infinitesimal gauge transformations with respect to an induced representation. As a special case, namely with respect to the adjoint representation, we obtain the classical BRS transformations as coboundary operator
Data Classification and Prediction

In this article we focus on classification and prediction as significant problems under the broad umbrella of data mining. We explore alternative mathematical programming formulations and explore alternative solution approaches. We explore the details of decision trees, support vector machines, Bayes and nearest neighbor classifiers, and identify and discuss broad challenges. Keywords: data mining; supervised learning; decision tree; neighbor classifiers; support vector machine
Learning of highly-filtered data manifold using spectral methods

We propose a scheme for improving existing tools for recovering and predicting decisions based on singular value decomposition. Our main contribution is an investigation of advantages of using a functional, rather than linear approximation of the response of an unknown, complicated model. A significant attractive feature of the method is the demonstrated ability to make predictions based on a highly filtered data set. An adaptive high-order interpolation is constructed, that estimates the relative probability of each possible decision. The method uses a flexible nonlinear basis, capable of utilizing all the available information. We demonstrate that the prediction can be based on a very small fraction of the training set. The suggested approach is relevant in the general field of manifold learning, as a tool for approximating the response of the models based on many parameters. Our experiments show that the approach is at least competitive with other latent factor prediction methods, and that the precision of prediction grows with the increase in the order of the polynomial basis.
Thin-layer chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometry of sulfonamide mixtures : A study of the absolute recoveries

Abstract Recovery patterns were studied for individual sulfonamides separated from a mixture by thin-layer chromatography and then determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. To make the investigation more complete experimental conditions such as quantity of sulfonamide per spot, extracting solvent and pathlength were varied. The recoveries are never complete, but fairly constant. Factors affecting recoveries and accuracy of results are discussed.
The Gift of Birds: Featherwork of Native South American Peoples

THE GIFT OF BIRDS: FEATHERWORK OF NATIVE SOUTH AMERICAN PEOPLES. University Museum, Philadelphia, PA. (Through April 1994).
You Can Lead a Horse to Water but You Can’t Make It Drink

It is easy to outline a new strategy. To succeed in its implementation is another matter, especially where there is a large historical baggage. There is no question that the music sector has been facing a major challenge since the 1990s and that it correctly places peer-to-peer as the core issue. It is also obvious that the music industry’s strategy has been steadfast in defending today’s institutions and the associated “illegality” of peer-to-peer. That has meant that it has marshaled, very successfully, huge resources to ensure that the “illegality” remains unchallenged. That has meant making sure that institutions were preserved if not reinforced to establish the “illegality” of the activities of peer-to-peer networks as well as those of file sharers of copyrighted materials. In its management of peer-to-peer, the music industry has been exceptionally successful in the court, success that can only have reinforced the music industry’s instinctual culture of defending the existing nature of copyrights. The same does not hold for the music industry’s business performance.
1 – Basic survey

Publisher Summary This chapter gives an overview of the acoustic waves in solid, without going into too much depth technically. It deals with devices for electronics, excluding other areas such as seismology and non-destructive testing in which surface waves are involved. In a solid material, an acoustic (or “elastic”) wave involves changes to the relative positions of the atoms, described quantitatively in terms of strains. The position changes are also specified in terms of displacement from the equilibrium state, and the displacement is generally a function of position. In the presence of strains, the material generates internal forces that tend to return the material to its equilibrium, unstrained state. The forces are expressed in terms of the stresses. Acoustic waves are propagating phenomena involving stresses and strains. The chapter initially considers isotropic materials, so that the relevant material properties are independent of the material orientation. Anisotropic materials are also considered. Surface-wave technology shows remarkable versatility owing to the ability to fabricate surface structures with almost arbitrary geometries. In addition, analytical techniques are capable of predicting device behavior with high accuracy. Wide arrays of devices are developed, with a wide range of applications. The chapter summarizes the main devices and their main applications.
Altered glucose kinetics in diabetic rats during Gram-negative infection

The present study examined the purported exacerbating effect of sepsis on glucose metabolism in diabetes. Diabetes was induced in rats by an intravenous injection of 70 or 45 mg/kg streptozotocin. ...
Relationships between preclinical course grades and standardized exam performance

Success in residency matching is largely contingent upon standardized exam scores. Identifying predictors of standardized exam performance could promote primary intervention and lead to design insights for preclinical courses. We hypothesized that clinically relevant courses with an emphasis on higher-order cognitive understanding are most strongly associated with performance on United States Medical Licensing Examination Step exams and National Board of Medical Examiners clinical subject exams. Academic data from students between 2007 and 2012 were collected. Preclinical course scores and standardized exam scores were used for statistical modeling with multiple linear regression. Preclinical courses were categorized as having either a basic science or a clinical knowledge focus. Medical College Admissions Test scores were included as an additional predictive variable. The study sample comprised 795 graduating medical students. Median score on Step 1 was 234 (interquartile range 219-245.5), and 10.2 % (81/795) scored lower than one standard deviation below the national average (205). Pathology course score was the strongest predictor of performance on all clinical subject exams and Step exams, outperforming the Medical College Admissions Test in strength of association. Using Pathology score <75 as a screening metric for Step 1 score <205 results in sensitivity and specificity of 37 and 97 %, respectively, and a likelihood ratio of 11.9. Performance in Pathology, a clinically relevant course with case-based learning, is significantly related to subsequent performance on standardized exams. Multiple linear regression is useful for identifying courses that have potential as risk stratifiers.