cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solutions of the One-Dimensional Porous Medium Equation are Determined by Their Free Boundary

We present a unique continuation theorem for the free boundary of solutions of the porous medium equation U t =(U m ) xx in one space dimension, with m>1. As an application of this result we shall also show that solutions whose free boundaries are real analytic arcs, are in fact the positive parts of real analytic functions defined on a neighbourhood of their support
The role of the inorganic crystals in the solubility characteristics of collagen in lathyritic bone.

Profound lathyrism was produced in embryonic chickens by three sequential injections of β -aminopropionitrile fumarate ( β APN). Little change was noted in the amount of mineral deposited in the metatarsal and tibial bones, and no change was noted in either the nature of the mineral phase or in the crystal size or degree of crystallinity. In animals receiving three sequential doses of β APN, a large amount of the collagen which was not extracted from the mineralized bone samples was soluble after the mineral was removed. These data plus the finding that the lathyritic collagen extracted from mineralized as well as demineralized bone consisted largely of the uncrosslinked α -chains, indicate that the inorganic crystals prevent the solubilization of the more heavily calcified lathyritic collagen fibrils.
Suprapancreatic and periportal lymph nodes are normally larger than 1 cm by laparoscopic ultrasound evaluation

Laparoscopic and endoscopic ultrasound is used to assess resectability of gastrointestinal malignancies. Lymph node size greater than 1 cm is a criterion used to identify suspicious nodes. We define size and echo characteristics of suprapancreatic and periportal nodes to determine if this criterion is reliable for suprapancreatic and periportal lymph nodes. A prospective study of 21 patients with nonacute gallbladder disease was performed. Each underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative ultrasound. The suprapancreatic and periportal nodes were evaluated in a transverse and longitudinal axis. Length and width measurements were taken in both orientations. Length-to-width ratios were calculated. Shape and echo textures were characterized. The mean size of both nodes was greater than 1 cm in the transverse and longitudinal orientation. Two nodes were “round.” Remaining nodes were “oblong.” All nodes had a hyperechoic center with a hypoechoic rim. In suprapancreatic and periportal lymph nodes, size greater than 1 cm should not be used as criterion for malignancy.
Hard and soft emotion during conflict: Investigating married couples and other relationships

Three studies investigated the function of 2 types of negative emotion during interpersonal conflict. Hard emotion includes feeling angry or aggravated. Soft emotion includes feeling sad or hurt. In both Study 1 (including 236 married people) and Study 2 (including 140 college students), participants recalled 3 different previous conflict episodes. In the third study, 77 married couples were observed in 4 different conflict conversations, completed during 2 assessment sessions. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to investigate the extent to which change in emotion predicted corresponding change in behavior and appraisal. Hard emotion predicted increases in negative communication, whereas soft emotion predicted more benign forms of communication. Soft emotion also predicted increases in appraisals that interpersonal conflicts are important to resolve.
Strip-Mined Land Reclamation with Sewage Sludge: An Economic Simulation

The economic aspects of a land reclamation, sludge utilization project being operated by the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago are simulated. The variables influencing performance most were sludge transport costs, site preparation costs, the nitrogen budget, cropping system, and source of labor in site preparation.
Vascular Smooth Muscle α-Actin Gene Transcription during Myofibroblast Differentiation Requires Sp1/3 Protein Binding Proximal to the MCAT Enhancer

The conversion of stromal fibroblasts into contractile myofibroblasts is an essential feature of the wound-healing response that is mediated by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) and accompanied by transient activation of the vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin (SmalphaA) gene. Multiple positive-regulatory elements were identified as essential mediators of basal SmalphaA enhancer activity in mouse AKR-2B stromal fibroblasts. Three of these elements bind transcriptional activating proteins of known identity in fibroblasts. A fourth site, shown previously to be susceptible to single-strand modifying agents in myofibroblasts, was additionally required for enhancer response to TGF-beta1. However, TGF-beta1 activation was not accompanied by a stoichiometric increase in protein binding to any known positive element in the SmalphaA enhancer. By using oligonucleotide affinity isolation, DNA-binding site competition, gel mobility shift assays, and protein overexpression in SL2 and COS7 cells, we demonstrate that the transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 can stimulate SmalphaA enhancer activity. One of the sites that bind Sp1/3 corresponds to the region of the SmalphaA enhancer required for TGF-beta1 amplification. Additionally, the TGF-beta1 receptor-regulated Smad proteins, in particular Smad3, are rate-limiting for SmalphaA enhancer activation. Whereas Smad proteins collaborate with Sp1 in activating several stromal cell-associated promoters, they appear to operate independently from the Sp1/3 proteins in activating the SmalphaA enhancer. The identification of Sp and Smad proteins as essential, independent activators of the SmalphaA enhancer provides new insight into the poorly understood process of myofibroblast differentiation.
Cor triatriatum, coarctation of the aorta, and ventricular septal defect: A rare, surgically correctable anomaly

A case of cor triatriatum associated with coarctation of the aorta and ventricular septal defect, successfully treated surgically by a staged approach, is reported. This combination is a very uncommon but potentially correctable cause of congestive heart failure and death in infancy. Early accurate diagnosis aided by an awareness of this combination and prompt surgical correction should yield excellent long-term results.
Some Inferences about Gamma Parameters with an Application to a Reliability Problem

Abstract Lehmann and Scheffe have shown how to construct uniformly most powerful unbiased tests of certain hypotheses when the assumed distributions belong to an “exponential family.” The present paper is concerned with particular cases which arise from independent gamma variates with scale parameters θ1 and θ2. Conditional distributions are given which are appropriate for testing γ = γ0, where γ = c 1/θ1+c 2/θ2. As an application, suppose that a series system has two dissimilar components with expected lives θ1 and θ2. When component failures are exponentially distributed, so are system failures, the mean being 1/(1/θ1+1/θ2). From independent estimates of θ1 and θ2 confidence limits can be found for this mean, or for the probability of successful system operation up to any fixed “mission time.” With appropriate restrictions, more general distributions including the Weibull can also be treated.
Development of Special Insulating Paper for EHV Power Cable

A special insulating paper, developed for use in EHV power cable, is described. Generally speaking, where the insulating paper is made of the same pulp, the thinner the paper, the higher the impulse breakdown strength, and the lower the power factor. In view of this fact, a special insulating paper (combination paper), with a high-impulse breakdown strength, low power factor, and great mechanical strength has been developed by making thin insulating paper and cementing a plurality of sheets together with a suitable adhesive. 275-kV, 1 ×1200 mm2 oil-filled cable and 275-kV, 3 ×1400 mm2 pipe-type oil-filled cable using this combination insulating paper have been proved to possess excellent properties, such as shown in Table IV and Fig. 10, respectively, and the special characteristics of the insulating paper are fully displayed in the finished cable. The motive for the development of the combination paper, its theoretical background, and the properties of the insulating paper and of the cable using that insulating paper are reported.
Relationship of myocardial mechanics and regional volume change in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction

The contraction and rotation of left ventricular (LV) segments in a synchronous fashion is vital for cardiac pump function. However, no data exist regarding the relationship of LV segmental mechanics and regional volume change in patients with LV systolic dysfunction. Thirty-two patients with EF < 50% and fifty-two normal subjects were enrolled. The radius strain and rotation were assessed in six segments at three short axis views using speckle tracking imaging. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the strain peak time index (SPTI%) and the rotation peak time index (RPTI%) for each view were calculated as representing myocardial segmental synchrony. The mean and the SD of the 4-D mini-volume time index (VMTI, %) from 16 regions were calculated as representing regional volume change using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE). The SD for each time index was averaged as the systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI) in both groups. The differences of the SPTI and the RPTI to the VMTI (Tsv and Trv) were calculated as dyssynchrony between myocardial segmental mechanics and regional volume change. The time interval of the RPTI between apical and basal rotation (Tabrot) was also calculated. The relationship of Tsv, Trv and Tabrot to LV ejection fraction (EF) was then analyzed. In patients with LV systolic dysfunction, both peak strain and peak rotation occurred later than the regional minimum volume (55.3 ± 11.1% vs. 45.9 + 5.5%; 50.4 ± 8.7% vs. 45.9 ± 5.5% (both P < 0.05) as compared with normal subjects (41.1 ± 6.6% vs. 40.3 ± 3.8%; 44.1 ± 7.5% vs. 40.3 ± 3.8%). The SDI in each time index is also significantly wider than in normal subjects (P < 0.001). In addition, there was a negative correlation between Tsv, Trv and Tabrot with EF, respectively (P < 0.05). In patients with abnormal LV systolic function the rotation occurs significantly later than regional volume change as compared with normal subjects. There is a negative correlation between this time delay and LVEF. Thus, the relationship of myocardial segmental change and regional volume change could provide insight into intraventricular dyssynchrony in patients with LV systolic dysfunction.
Lipids of potato tubers. II. Lipid-degrading enzymes in different varieties of potato tuber.

The levels of two lipid-degrading enzymes, namely a hydrolytic enzyme (lipolytic acyl hydrolase) and an oxidising enzyme (lipoxygenase) were measured in tubers from 23 varieties of potato at harvest. Twenty-two varieties had very high levels of the hydrolytic enzyme, ranging from 5 to 50 jumol of substrate hydrolysed/ min/g of fresh weight of tuber. One variety, Desiree, contained a much lower level of this enzyme (0.06 to 0.2 units/g fresh weight). All varieties contained high levels of lipoxygenase activity in the range of 1 to 25 μmol of 02 consumed/min/g fresh weight of tuber, with linoleic acid as substrate. The combined action of these enzymes in the degradation of potato tuber lipids is discussed.
Decagonal and Quasi-Crystalline Tilings in Medieval Islamic Architecture

The conventional view holds that girih (geometric star-and-polygon, or strapwork) patterns in medieval Islamic architecture were conceived by their designers as a network of zigzagging lines, where the lines were drafted directly with a straightedge and a compass. We show that by 1200 C.E. a conceptual breakthrough occurred in which girih patterns were reconceived as tessellations of a special set of equilateral polygons ("girih tiles") decorated with lines. These tiles enabled the creation of increasingly complex periodic girih patterns, and by the 15th century, the tessellation approach was combined with self-similar transformations to construct nearly perfect quasi-crystalline Penrose patterns, five centuries before their discovery in the West.
A longitudinal analysis of the experiences of nursing staff on an inpatient eating disorders unit

The present study assessed whether nurses working in an inpatient eating disorders unit experience any increased risk as a result of treating patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and variants of these two disorders. There were 23 newly hired or just transferred primary care nurses (12 in an eating disorders program and 11 in other service areas) who were weighed monthly and completed the following instruments either monthly or semimonthly for 13 months: Beck Depression Inventory, Eating Attitudes Test, Impressions of Patient Population Survey, job Satisfaction Inventory, and Attitudes toward Patient Questionaire. Results indicated that nurses in the eating disorders program had less distorted eating attitudes, less positive impressions of their patients, and greater job satisfaction than their counterparts from other service areas. Nurses from both groups had progressively less positive impressions of their patients and lower job satisfaction over the course of the study. These findings suggest that when certain team-building experiences (e.g., inservice training, interdisciplinary team meetings) are incorporated into an eating disorders unit, nurses face no special risks in the areas of mood and eating disturbance.
Exploration of intention expression for robots

This paper presents a novel exploration on how to enable a robot to express its intention so that the humans and robot can form a synergic relationship. A systematic design approach is proposed to obtain a set of possible intentions for a given robot from three levels of intentions. A visual intention expression system approach is developed to visualize the intentions and implemented on a mobile robot and a manipulator to demonstrate the intention expression concept.
Modeling Thermospheric Neutral Density Waves and Holes in Response to High Latitude Forcing

Abstract Numerical simulations have been performed to model the neutral density response to two substorms in March 1979. Observations of density from the Satellite Electrostatic Triaxial Accelerometer (SETA) during this interval revealed neutral density waves propagating from high latitudes in response to the substorms. For the first substorm, waves were seen on both the day and nightside in the Northern Hemisphere, and for the second, only strong nightside waves were detected. The data also revealed the formation of deep neutral density “holes” at high latitudes. To simulate the response, a coupled thermosphere ionosphere model was driven by an empirical substorm model designed to follow the various phases of the substorms. By tuning the magnitude of the energy injection and, in one case, rotating the spatial distribution of the sources, both the wave features on the day and nightside, and the neutral density holes were reproduced. The neutral density waves were found to be consistent with the passage of atmospheric gravity waves with propagation speeds of 600 to 700 m/s. The neutral density holes are dynamically driven, created by the high velocity neutral winds from ion-drag. During strong geomagnetic activity momentum forcing resulting from ion-drag drives neutral winds of several hundreds of m/s. Inertial forces on the gas parcels cause a divergence in the vortex-like circulation. Backpressure induced by the divergent wind field does not completely balance the flow, and air rises within the vortex core, to maintain continuity, and cools adiabatically to produce a low temperature. Due to the cooling that takes place, in spite of the strong Joule heating that must accompany the ion-drag, the cold vortex core appears as a density hole. The physical model is able to reproduce the magnitude and location of the density holes. The study indicates that physical models, with well-defined magnetospheric inputs, will be able to improve neutral density specification for orbital tracking during period of high geomagnetic activity.
Superconductivity and the Josephson effect in a periodic array of NbInAsNb junctions

We have applied high-frequency radiation to a one-dimensional array of superconducting-normal-superconducting junctions, comprised of Nb2DInAsNb, and observed Shapiro steps in the I–V curve which are dominated by a step at V = hv/4e, half the voltage of the usual AC Josephson effect. This result is discussed in view of a coupling between the Nb stripes that differs from the usual jc sin Φ form. The zero-bias resistance of the sample is finite and increases exponentially with temperature. The Shapiro steps, however, persist up to the Nb transition temperature. These results imply that the finite resistance of the sample originates from excitations in the superconducting state.
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine For Physical Performance, Energy, Immune Function, and General Health Among Older Women and Men in the United States

We examined use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for health and well-being by older women and men. Data were from the 2007 National Health Interview Survey, representing 89.5 million Americans ages 50+. Multivariate logistic regression accounted for the survey design. For general health, 52 million people used CAM. The numbers for immune function, physical performance, and energy were 21.6, 15.9, and 10.1 million respectively. In adjusted results, women were much more likely than men to use CAM for all four reasons, especially energy. Older adults, particularly women, could benefit from research on CAM benefits and risks.
Evaluation of the tail formalin test in mice as a new model to assess local analgesic effects

Opioids are effective topical analgesics in the radiant heat tailflick assay and display synergistic interactions with a number of other classes of drugs. To determine whether these actions extend to other types of nociception, we examined the actions of topical morphine and lidocaine in a tail formalin assay in the mouse. Formalin responses in the tail were similar to those seen in the hind paw, but were limited to licking. Unlike the traditional hind paw assay, the time-course of nociceptive behavior in the tail was monophasic; lasting 40-60 min. Morphine, MK-801 and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) were active systemically in the tail formalin assay with potencies similar to those seen in the second phase of the paw formalin test. Both morphine and lidocaine were active topically in the tail formalin assay, although their time-course of action appeared to be shorter than that of the formalin. However, morphine displayed ceiling effect not seen when it was administered systemically. Lidocaine also had a ceiling effect. When given together, the response to the combination was supra-additive, consistent with our prior studies showing synergy in the radiant heat tailflick assay. These studies validate the formalin assay in the tail and support the topical actions of opioids and other drugs in a second pain model. They also suggest supra-additive interactions between morphine and lidocaine similar to those previously seen. The tail formalin assay will be valuable in assessing the activity of topical drugs.
Randomized phase III trial of piroxicam in combination with mitoxantrone or carboplatin for first-line treatment of urogenital tract transitional cell carcinoma in dogs.

Background Reported response rates of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in dogs to piroxicam in combination with either mitoxantrone or carboplatin are similar; however, it is unknown whether either drug might provide superior duration of response. Hypothesis/Objectives To determine if the progression-free interval (PFI) of dogs with TCC treated with mitoxantrone and piroxicam was different than that of dogs receiving carboplatin and piroxicam. The hypothesis was that the efficacy of mitoxantrone is no different from carboplatin. Animals Fifty dogs with TCC without azotemia. Methods Prospective open-label phase III randomized study. Either mitoxantrone or carboplatin was administered every 3 weeks concurrently with piroxicam with restaging at 6-week intervals. Twenty-four dogs received carboplatin and 26 received mitoxantrone. Results Response was not different between groups (P = .56). None of the dogs showed complete response. In the mitoxantrone group, there were 2 (8%) partial responses (PR) and 18 (69%) dogs with stable disease (SD). In the carboplatin group, there were 3 PR (13%) and 13 (54%) dogs with SD. The PFI was not significantly different between groups (mitoxantrone = 106 days; carboplatin = 73.5 days; P = .62; hazard ratio 0.86; 95% confidence interval 0.47–1.56). Dogs with prostatic involvement experienced a shorter survival (median, 109 days) compared to dogs with urethral, trigonal, or apically located tumors; this difference was significant (median 300, 190, and 645 days, respectively; P = .005). Conclusions and Clinical Importance This study did not detect a different in outcome in dogs with TCC treated with either mitoxantrone or carboplatin in combination with piroxicam.
REGIME SHIFTS IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

Time scales, and the trophic relations between these scales, are very different in the sea from those on land. In particular, marine systems are much more responsive to decadal scale alterations in their physical environment but are also much more adaptable. Thus it is difficult, and probably counterproductive, to try to define a baseline state for marine ecosystems. Further, regime shifts in fish communities can have major economic consequences without being ecological disasters. Climatic changes at decadal scales, from natural or anthropogenic causes, are likely to produce or enhance regime shifts. There are different management issues in different sectors. The coastal zone demands our intervention to assure integrated management of the land and sea components. At the other extreme, our understanding of open ocean systems is an essential element of climate prediction and so of eventual management. Between these two environments, our use of resources in continental shelf seas requires an ability to distinguish between human and natural causes of long-term change.
Photometric measurement of small optical path differences

SUMMARY A photometric method for the measurement of small optical path difference (OPD) is described. The method is based on a computer assisted calibration of the transmitted intensity associated with specific rotations of the calibration device, a Λ/10 compensator. The method has been tested on cleavages of mica and shown to be in excellent agreement with photometer assisted measurements of compensation. Application to the measurement of lateral orientation in Kevlar® 49 aramid fibres is presented.
Solar Wind Stream Interactions and the Wind Speed-Expansion Factor Relationship

Previous studies have shown that the solar wind speed observed near Earth is inversely correlated with the divergence rate of magnetic flux tubes near the Sun. We test the global validity of this relationship by employing Ulysses wind speed measurements during 1990-1997 as well as inecliptic data for 1976-1997. When the correspondence between wind speeds and expansion factors is adjusted to yield optimal agreement with the high-latitude Ulysses measurements, the model matches the overall patterns of fast and slow wind near the ecliptic but predicts too much very fast wind there. We show how this discrepancy can be resolved by taking account of wind stream interactions, where we apply a crude algorithm based on the propagation times of neighboring wind parcels; the interactions reduce the amount of very fast wind at latitudes where slow wind is present. We also test and reject an alternative model in which the wind speed is assumed to be a function only of angular distance from the heliospheric neutral sheet.
Early weaning alters the acute-phase reaction to an endotoxin challenge in beef calves.

Previous research indicates that early weaning before shipment can reduce transportation-induced increases in acute-phase proteins (APP) and can increase feedlot performance in beef calves. These data suggest that the combination of weaning and transport stress may compromise the immune system of calves, thus hindering subsequent performance and health. Therefore, our objective was to determine if the innate immune response of early weaned calves (EW; 80 d of age) differed from normal-weaned calves (NW; 250 d of age) in response to an endotoxin challenge. Eighteen Brahman x Angus calves (8 and 10 EW and NW, respectively; 233 ± 5 kg of BW) were used. Calves were maintained on pasture with supplement and then moved into individual pens for 1 wk of acclimation before the start of the study. Calves were fitted with an indwelling jugular catheter 1 d before LPS challenge (0 h; 1.0 μg/kg of BW, intravenously). Blood samples were collected at 30-min intervals from -2 to 8 h. Serum samples were stored at -80°C until analyzed for cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), IL-1 β, IL-6, interferon-γ (IFN), ceruloplasmin, and haptoglobin. Whereas LPS increased serum cortisol (P [less-than or equal to] 0.001), no weaning age effect (P greater-than-or-equal 0.15) was observed. A weaning age x time interaction (P [less-than or equal to] 0.04) was observed for TNF, IL-1, IL-6, and ceruloplasmin such that concentrations of these indices were greater in the NW compared with EW calves. For haptoglobin, a weaning age effect (P [less-than or equal to] 0.03) was observed with NW calves having greater average haptoglobin concentrations compared with EW calves. Interestingly, the weaning age x time interaction (P [less-than or equal to] 0.001) for IFN revealed greater IFN in EW compared with NW calves. Based upon these data, the innate immune system of EW calves appears to be more competent in responding to immune challenge compared with that of NW calves. Additionally, the differential IFN response indicates that the immune system of EW calves may be more effective at recognizing and eliminating endotoxin. These data suggest that an altered innate immune system may be one of the factors responsible for the improved feedlot performance previously reported in EW calves.
Mechanism for obesity-induced increase in myocardial lipid peroxidation

OBJECTIVE: To determine the mechanisms underlying the obesity-induced increase in myocardial lipid peroxidation in the fa=fa rat. We hypothesized that elevated heart work (ie rate-pressure product), an increased rate of superoxide (O2 ˇ ) production, total myocardial lipid content, and=or insufficient antioxidant defenses are potential contributors to myocardial lipid peroxidation in obesity. DESIGN: Comparative, experimental study of myocardial tissue in 16-week-old lean control (Fa=?, normal diet), obese high-fat fed (Fa=?, 45% dietary fat), and obese fatty (fa=fa, normal diet) Zucker rats. MEASUREMENTS: Myocardial work (heart ratesystolic blood pressure), myocardial lipid content, oxidative and antioxidant enzyme activities (citrate synthase (CS), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD)), the rate of papillary muscle superoxide radical production in vitro, thiol content, basal and post-oxidative challenge myocardial lipid peroxidation levels using thiobarbituric reactive acid substances (TBARS) and lipid hydroperoxides (PEROX) as indices of lipid peroxidation. RESULTS: Compared to lean controls, the high-fat fed and fatty animals had similar elevations (P< 0.05) in myocardial TBARS and PEROX (23%, 25% and 29% 45%, respectively; P< 0.05), and elevated susceptibilities to oxidative stress in vitro following exposure to oxidizing agents (P< 0.05). Resting heart work was slightly higher (P< 0.05) in both the high-fat fed and fatty animals compared to controls. Myocardial lipid content, SOD activities and non-protein thiol (glutathione) levels were elevated (P< 0.05) in high-fat fed and fatty animals compared to controls. The rate of superoxide formation by isolated papillary muscles in vitro did not differ among groups (P< 0.05). Regression analysis revealed that the myocardial lipid content contributed most to myocardial lipid peroxidation (R 2 a 0.76, P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial oxidative injury is closely associated with myocardial lipid content, but is not closely correlated with heart work, insufficient antioxidant defenses or a greater rate of superoxide production. International Journal of Obesity (2001) 25, 378 ‐ 388
Copper and zinc ions differentially block asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated endocytosis in isolated rat hepatocytes.

Abstract Asialoglycoprotein receptors on hepatocytes lose endocytic and ligand binding activity when hepatocytes are exposed to iron ions. Here, we report the effects of zinc and copper ions on the endocytic and ligand binding activity of asialoglycoprotein receptors on isolated rat hepatocytes. Treatment of cells at 37 °C for 2 h with ZnCl2 (0–220 μm) or CuCl2 (0–225 μm) reversibly blocked sustained endocytosis of 125I-asialoorosomucoid by up to 93% (t 1/2 = 62 min) and 99% (t 1/2 = 54 min), respectively. Cells remained viable during such treatments. Zinc- and copper-treated cells lost ∼50% of their surface asialoglycoprotein receptor ligand binding activity; zinc-treated cells accumulated inactive asialoglycoprotein receptors intracellularly, whereas copper-treated cells accumulated inactive receptors on their surfaces. Cells treated at 4 °C with metal did not lose surface asialoglycoprotein receptor activity. Exposure of cells to copper ions, but not to zinc ions, blocked internalization of prebound 125I-asialoorosomucoid, but degradation of internalized ligand and pinocytosis of the fluid-phase marker Lucifer Yellow were not blocked by metal treatment. Zinc ions reduced diferric transferrin binding and endocytosis on hepatocytes by ∼33%; copper ions had no inhibitory effects. These findings are the first demonstration of a specific inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis by non-iron transition metals.
Myocardial infarction in the diabetic patient

It has long been thought that the symptomatology and prognosis of coronary events in patients with diabetes may differ from those in nondiabetic persons. A review of recent data demonstrates a higher mortality during the acute phase of myocardial infarction for diabetic patients than for their nondiabetic counterparts, possibly related to a higher incidence of congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The clinical course of diabetic patients with infarction and the role of insulin in myocardial adaptation to ischemia are both reviewed. Diabetic patients surviving the acute phase of myocardial infarction have a lower survival in follow-up than nondiabetic survivors, although some improvement in survival has been noted following beta-adrenergic-blocker therapy.
Use of pulsed-field-gradient gel electrophoresis to construct a physical map of the Caulobacter crescentus genome

The restriction enzyme DraI cleaves the Caulobacter crescentus genome into at least 35 fragments which have been resolved in agarose gels using pulsed-field-gradient gel electrophoresis (PFGE). When digests were performed using DNA from strains containing Tn5 insertion mutations, altered band migrations were observed. Using PFGE with the appropriate pulse times, size differences as small as 2% could be resolved in large fragments. Using this approach, we have constructed a partial physical map of the genome which correlates well with the C. crescentus genetic map and have shown the size of the genome to be approx. 3800 kb. Using hybridization with cloned genes, we have determined the map locations of five previously unmapped genes. In addition, we have shown that PFGE can be used to rapidly determine the map locations of new insertion mutations or the sizes of deletion mutations.
One-dimensional machine location problems in a multi-product flowline with equidistant locations

An assignment of machines to locations along a straight track is required to optimize material flow in many manufacturing systems. The assignment of M unique machines to M locations along a linear material handling track with the objective of minimizing the total machine-to-machine material transportation cost is formulated as a quadratic assignment problem (QAP). The distance matrix in problems involving equally-spaced machine locations in one dimension is seen to possess some unique characteristics called amoebic properties. Since an optimal solution to a problem with large M is computationally intractable (the QAP is NP-hard), a number of the amoebic properties are exploited to devise heuristics and a lower bound on the optimal solution. Computational results which demonstrate the performance of the heuristics and the lower bound are presented.
Transcriptional regulation of DNA damage responsive (DDR) genes in different rad mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The roles of the RAD genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the regulation of transcription of two DNA damage responsive (DDR) genes were investigated by examining the levels of the DDRA2 and DDR48 transcripts in different rad mutants after exposure to two different DNA damaging agents. Strains carrying mutations in either the RAD3, RAD6 or RAD52 genes were treated with increasing concentrations of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO) or N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and the DDR transcript levels were determined by Northern hybridization analysis. Our results indicate that the RAD3 gene is required for DDRA2 transcript production following NQO or MNNG treatments. Strains carrying mutations in either the RAD6 or RAD52 genes show an increased level of DDRA2 transcript in undamaged cells. However, the rad6 and rad52 mutants show a normal dose-dependent increase in DDRA2 transcript levels after NQO or MNNG exposure. The DDR48 gene appears to be regulated differently from DDRA2 in that this gene is induced in rad3 cells after damaging treatment but transcript induction is severely reduced in both rad6 and rad52 mutant strains. Although the rad mutations influence the kinetics of transcript accumulation, these effects do not account for the altered dose responses of the DDRA2 and DDR48 genes. Our results also demonstrate that the regulation of DDRA2 and DDR48 transcript levels by heat shock treatment is affected less severely in the different rad strains, a result which suggests that the RAD genes play an indirect role in DDR gene control. The different behavior of the DDRA2 and DDR48 genes in the various rad strains suggests that the regulatory responses of S. cerevisiae to DNA damage are complex.
Design of a digital controller for a tracking telescope

This paper discusses the application of certain aspects of modern control theory to the design of a large tracking telescope that is digitally controlled. Two of the most important criteria are tracking accuracy and response time. The system is also constrained by saturation effects on the control variable. State-transition techniques which have finite settling times over a broad class of inputs are used in conjunction with a suitable inequality condition to obtain a control with near minimum time response. Digital simulation has shown that the design obtained has high accuracy and does not exceed the saturation limitation on the control variable.
Toward more robust projections of forest landscape dynamics under novel environmental conditions: Embedding PnET within LANDIS-II

a b s t r a c t Ecological models built on phenomenological relationships and behavior of the past may not be robust under novel conditions of the future because global changes are producing environmental conditions that forests have not experienced historically. We developed a new succession extension for the LANDIS-II forest landscape model, PnET-Succession, to simulate forest growth and succession using physiological first principles. PnET-Succession integrates the tree physiology model PnET-II with the existing LANDIS- II Biomass Succession extension. PnET-Succession simulates the competition of tree species cohorts for water and light as a function of photosynthetic processes driven by foliar nitrogen. Competition for water is simulated on each grid cell through a dynamic soil-water balance that receives precipitation and loses water through runoff, consumption in photosynthesis, and evapotranspiration. Competition for light is modeled by tracking solar radiation through canopy layers according to a standard Beer-Lambert for- mula. PnET-Succession requires average monthly photosynthetically active radiation, atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature and precipitation as inputs. The new extension also dynamically calculates species establishment probabilities in each time step as a function of water and radiation stress. We cal- ibrated PnET-Succession to biomass and LAI measurements from the Duke Experimental Forest in North Carolina (USA) and tested the calibrated model against data from the Green Ridge State Forest in Mary- land. The new extension shows considerable promise for studying forest response to climate change, including changes in carbon stocks.
Search and Seizure in the Schools

Amid the growing tide of violence and drugs in U.S. schools during the past 20 years, educators have grown increasingly concerned about the safety of students and staff members. In response to this problem, administrators have turned to searches of students, their lockers, and their possessions. As might have been expected, these searches have led to litigation over whether the Fourth Amendment's prohibition of unreasonable searches and seizures applies to public schools.
Multiple ejaculations during prolonged sexual tests and lack of resultant serum testosterone increases in male stumptail macaques (M. arctoides)

The sexual behavior of four male and four female adult stumptail macaques was observed in standardized 3-hr heterosexual pair tests. The males achieved from 11 to 19 ejaculations during a single test, thus apparently exceeding any other primate studied under laboratory conditions for the ability to display multiple ejaculatory patterns in relatively short periods of time. The stage of the menstrual cycle was not found to be related to the performance of the male or female, although this variable was not analyzed in depth. Progressive increases in the interejaculatory interval (IEI) occurred for all four males for the initial two to four ejaculations of the series, and then either a plateau or a transient decrease in this measure occurred. Since the data varied considerably for IEI as well as for other quantitative measures of sexual behavior for a given pair, individual data rather than group averages are presented. Blood samples drawn immediately before and after behavioral testing as well as at comparable intervals 1 week prior to behavioral testing were analyzed for testosterone concentration by radioimmunoassay for each male. Serum testosterone values were not found to be influenced by multiple ejaculations. Instead, decreased levels of serum testosterone were encountered on the second blood sample of the day for most males, regardless of whether sexual behavior occurred. The possibility that the decreases were related to stress effects of handling is discussed. Because of this complication, it could be only tentatively concluded that repeated copulation to ejaculation over a 3-hr period did not result in appreciable changes in testosterone levels.
Predicting Greater Prairie-Chicken Nest Success from Vegetation and Landscape Characteristics

To aid management of prairie habitat for nesting greater-prairie chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus), we tested whether vegetation and landscape variables could be used to predict prairie-chicken nest success. We monitored 60 nests during the 1990-92 breeding seasons in southwestern Missouri. Nest success ranged from 28 to 40% over 3 years (x = 35%). We identified 22-variable models (logistic regression) incorporating litter (horizontal, residual) and woody cover (P 0.5). Nest sites with litter cover >25% had a failure rate twice that of nests with 5% was present at nests (P = 0.01), when forb cover was ≤5% (P = 0.009), or when grass cover was ≤25% (P = 0.02). We suggest that managers can use litter accumulation of >25% as a cue to initiate management action such as burning, grazing, or haying.
Minimizing private data disclosures in the smart grid

Smart electric meters pose a substantial threat to the privacy of individuals in their own homes. Combined with non-intrusive load monitors, smart meter data can reveal precise home appliance usage information. An emerging solution to behavior leakage in smart meter measurement data is the use of battery-based load hiding. In this approach, a battery is used to store and supply power to home devices at strategic times to hide appliance loads from smart meters. A few such battery control algorithms have already been studied in the literature, but none have been evaluated from an adversarial point of view. In this paper, we first consider two well known battery privacy algorithms, Best Effort (BE) and Non-Intrusive Load Leveling (NILL), and demonstrate attacks that recover precise load change information, which can be used to recover appliance behavior information, under both algorithms. We then introduce a stepping approach to battery privacy algorithms that fundamentally differs from previous approaches by maximizing the error between the load demanded by a home and the external load seen by a smart meter. By design, precise load change recovery attacks are impossible. We also propose mutual-information based measurements to evaluate the privacy of different algorithms. We implement and evaluate four novel algorithms using the stepping approach, and show that under the mutual-information metrics they outperform BE and NILL.
Purification of Biologically Active SPARC Expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine) is a secreted, Ca+2-binding glycoprotein that modulates interactions between cells and their immediate extracellular matrix. Traditional sources of SPARC have been mammalian bone, platelets, a basement membrane tumor, and cultured cells; most if not all preparations, however, contain platelet-derived growth factor and one or more serum proteins that bind specifically to purified SPARC. To avoid these contaminants, as well as the toxic lipid moiety associated with endotoxin, we expressed recombinant wild-type and a mutated murine SPARC in two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: one strain was transfected with an expression vector encoding a proprietory signal peptide that directed the secretion of the recombinant protein. Recombinant SPARC was also purified from cell lysates of a different, nonreverting strain of S. cerevisiae that was optimized for large-scale fermentation runs. A mutant murine SPARC lacking the single glycosylation site was also expressed following substitution of Asn98 with Asp98 in the wild-type sequence. Purification of SPARC was achieved by copper-affinity and hydrophobic-interaction chromatography. Both the wild-type and the glycosylation-defective recombinant proteins exhibited high levels of activity in two bioassays with endothelial cells: inhibition of cell spreading/disruption of actin microfilaments and competition for the binding of nonrecombinant 125I-labeled SPARC to the cell surface. The availability of biologically active, recombinant SPARC will facilitate investigation of the structural and functional properties of this protein, which is expressed at high levels in healing wounds, atherosclerotic plaque, and several cancers and diseases of connective tissue.
On the thermal viability of dikes leaving magma chambers

Dikes beginning to propagate away from a magma source are thin and grow slowly, and thus are susceptible to freezing. A self-similar solution is obtained for a dike propagating down a temperature gradient when the wallrock and magma temperatures are equal at the chamber wall. The solution applies only to the special case of a single-component magma intruded at the solidus temperature, but provides insight into the case in which the magma temperature is above the solidus. The dike propagation velocity, relative to that in the absence of freezing, is determined by a single dimensionless parameter β. For β sufficiently large, magma freezing chokes the dike faster than propagation can elastically widen it, and the dike cannot grow. If the magma intrudes at a temperature above the solidus, there is some value of β above which the dike will propagate a certain distance and freeze, and below which it will propagate until depletion of the source or three-dimensional elastic effects promote freezing. For reasonable parameters this process can explain why basaltic dikes are found far from obvious source regions, while granitic dikes are scarce except in the immediate vicinity of granitic plutons. Even if a rhyolite is 5 orders of magnitude more viscous than a basalt, however, this distinction can be offset if the rhyolite has an excess source pressure only 1 order of magnitude greater than that of the basalt.
The influence of defensive styles upon the predictive validity of the Thematic Apperception Test.

Summary: This study investigated the extent to which defensive styles of individuals influence the predictive validity of their responses to a projective test. College subjects (n = 34) were exposed to laboratory procedures which provided the basis for identifying preferred style of dealing with aversive self-relevant information. Those who demonstrated the tendency to deny negative information about themselves and attribute it to others (projectors) gave responses to selected Thematic Apperception Test cards which were positively correlated with dependency and achievement criteria. In contrast, those who tended to deny negative information by selective forgetting (repressors) provided projective test responses which were negatively correlated with the two behavioral criteria. Although statistical significance was not consistently achieved, the trend of results supported the validity of Thematic Apperception Test performance of projectors or nonrepressors and inverse prediction from the responses of repre...
A diphosphide adduct of ditungsten-hexaisopropoxide: X-ray crystal structure of W2(OPri)6(py)(μ-P2)

Abstract From the reaction between W 2 (OPr i ) 6 (py) 2 and CO 2 (μ-P 2 )(CO) 6 in hexane at room temperature a black crystalline product has been shown to be W 2 (OPr i ) 6 (py)(μ-P 2 ) by a single crystal X-ray determination. There is a central pseudo tetrahedral W 2 P 2 moiety with WW = 2.695(1) A, PP = 2.154(4) A and WP = 2.45(2) A (averaged) corresponding to essentially single bond distances. This new compound is an analogue of the ethyne adducts W 2 (OR) 6 (py)(μ-C 2 H 2 ), where R = Bu t and CH 2 Bu t , and these in turn are related to CO 2 (CO) 6 (μ-X) compounds (X = P 2 , C 2 R 2 ) by isolobal relationships.
Reevaluating the slip paradigm: A research note

The present study is a critical reevaluation of data obtained using the SLIP paradigm. The results from three studies utilizing this experimental technique differed from those in the original study (Baars, Motley & MacKay, 1975); namely, the speech errors obtained were of many different types, of which spoonerisms represent only a small percentage. It is suggested that many of these speech errors result from memory confusions rather than from the elicitation of true “spoonerisms.”