cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A convex and feature-rich discriminative approach to dependency grammar induction

In this paper, we introduce a new method for the problem of unsupervised dependency parsing. Most current approaches are based on generative models. Learning the parameters of such models relies on solving a non-convex optimization problem, thus making them sensitive to initialization. We propose a new convex formulation to the task of dependency grammar induction. Our approach is discriminative, allowing the use of different kinds of features. We describe an efficient optimization algorithm to learn the parameters of our model, based on the Frank-Wolfe algorithm. Our method can easily be generalized to other unsupervised learning problems. We evaluate our approach on ten languages belonging to four different families, showing that our method is competitive with other state-of-the-art methods.
Fracture Separation of the Lower Humeral Epiphysis

Again, the importance of differentiating this injury from fracture of the lateral condyle must be emphasized. The latter disrupts the joint surface when displacement occurs and usually must be treated by open reduction in order to obtain a satisfactory result. On the other hand, a fracture separation of the epiphysis will respond very well to closed management, since the joint surface is intact. The displacement of the radius and ulna along with the capitellar ossification center is pathognomonic of this injury. The patient's family should be warned of the possibility of growth disturbance and changes in the carrying angle of the elbow due to the injury to the epiphyseal cartilage.
Environmental Effects on the Structure of Human Serum High Density Lipoprotein and Its Apoprotein

Previous studies from this laboratory using the technique of optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) * have indicated that the human serum density lipoprotein ciass floating between solvent densities of 1.063–1.21 has a high content in a-helix, which is to a large extent retained after the lipoprotein is exhaustively extracted with a mixture of ethanol-ether (1,2). A relatively small influence on the optical rotatory dispersion parameters was noted after relipidation of the lipid-free apoprotein (apo HDL) with aqueous dispersions of phospholipids (3,4). Although the results gave sufficient evidence that the overall secondary structure of apo HDL is relatively independent of bound lipids, the possibility remained that conformational differences between lipid-rich and lipid-poor forms of apo HDL did exist, but could not be detected under the experimental conditions employed. The availability of the technique of circular dichroism (CD), which has the advantage over ORD of more clearly resolving bands relative to the optically active chromophores in the ultraviolet and far ultraviolet regions (7) offered the opportunity of reexamining this question. Under the chosen conditions, the CD spectrum of HDL was found to differ significantly from that of its lipid-poor product. Distinction between these two forms was also observed in terms of their sensitivity to chemical modification of the protein and changes of the nature and temperature of the solvent medium.
Patient Safety and Quality Improvement: Terminology.

1. Lucy Pereira-Argenziano, MD* 2. Fiona H. Levy, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York. Medical errors and unintended harm continue to occur, despite preventive strategies. Understanding terminology and key attributes of improving safety can lead to creation of systems to reduce medical errors and preventable harm. After completing the article, the reader should be able to: 1. Understand and apply common terms used during discussions of safety and quality. 2. Describe common types of error and harm in pediatrics. 3. Describe the pediatric response to Institute of Medicine recommendations. 4. Understand attributes of high-reliability organizations and how their principles can be used to improve patient safety. The patient safety movement was galvanized by publication of To Err is Human by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 1999. (1) The report estimated that 44,000 to 98,000 people die in US hospitals each year as a result of medical errors. Equally interesting and perhaps as important to the magnitude of preventable injury occurring to patients in the United States is the fact that much of the data used as the basis for these estimates had been published and available in 1991. (2) The economic impact of medical errors has equally alarming implications for both health systems and consumers. Researchers analyzed clinical and billing data from a hospital database containing information from 600 hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers within the United States for visits in which injury occurred as a result of medical error. (3) A cost analysis was performed for each injury visit. Extrapolation of the data to the broader US population estimated the cost of medical errors to the US health-care system to have been $1 billion in 2009. Because the study focused solely on inpatient costs of medical …
Shape coexistence in Hg-186 and the decay of Tl-186

Details of the identification of $^{186}\mathrm{Tl}$ and its decay to $^{186}\mathrm{Hg}$ as investigated with an isotope separator are presented. Conversion electrons, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, and $e\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ studies establish two bands in $^{186}\mathrm{Hg}$; one built on a near-spherical ground state and one on a more strongly deformed shape with a band head at 522 keV. The levels are discussed in the framework of recent theoretical calculations.RADIOACTIVITY $^{186}\mathrm{Tl}$, $^{186}\mathrm{Tl}^{m}$ from $^{181}\mathrm{Ta}(^{16}\mathrm{O},11n)$, $E=145$ MeV; $^{182}\mathrm{W}(^{14}\mathrm{N},10n)$, $E=168$ MeV; mass separated radioactivities. Measured ${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, ${E}_{\mathrm{ce}}$, ${I}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, ${I}_{\mathrm{ce}}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coin, $e\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coin, ICC, $^{186}\mathrm{Hg}$ deduced levels, $I$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$, multipolarities.
Enhancing Construction Engineering and Management Education Using a COnstruction INdustry Simulation (COINS)

Simulations and learning games use technology to create real-world experiences to provide an opportunity to engage, enjoy, and learn. Many simulations have been designed to meet specific learning goals, i.e. sharing case studies to demonstrating very complex situations. Simulation and gaming is not new to higher education but in the past was done in a very narrow vein and because of the complexity and development time required to produce them. Most have not been robust enough to engage students. Managing construction involves being able to make decisions that involve balancing time, cost, quality, resources, and identifying and solving a variety of issues related to the selection of equipment, labor, and tools. The skills required of today’s construction engineering and management professionals are a combination of management skills and technical knowledge. This paper describes the development and implementation of a COnstruction INdustry Simulation (COINS) designed and developed at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) to prepare construction engineering and management students for the real world. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND As the millennium generation enters the higher education system many have spent hours playing computer games as they have in the classroom during their lifetime; therefore, a natural transition is for our learning environments to begin to use techniques from the gaming world. Simulations have now been used for decades to help people learn; i.e. flight and driving simulators. Current on-line simulations run the gamut from complicated mathematical models to interpersonal skills
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages/Business Employment Dynamics: Data Overview

The Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) Program produces a comprehensive tabulation of employment and wage information for workers covered by state unemployment insurance (UI) laws and federal workers covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program. Download the slides at: http://papers.ssrn.com/paper=1028259 Download the audio file at: http://papers.ssrn.com/paper=1028855
Comparative analysis on detection of Benzo(a) pyrene in fried foods and grilled foods between the improved method and the national standard method

Objective The pre-treatment of Benzo(a) pyrene and chromatographic condition of HPLC was improved to adapt to the bulk sample detection.Methods The national standard methods of Benzo(a) pyrene and the improved method were used respectively determinate Benzo(a) pyrene in fried foods and grilled foods,The contents of Benzo(a) pyrene were determinated with improved high efficiency liquid chromatography.Results Ten samples were involved in this determination.The mean difference value of the two methods was =0.003.The standard deviation of the differences value was 0.01767,while that of mean difference value was 0.005 6(t=0.5357,v=9,t0.05/2(9)=2.262t).Conclusions According to a=0.05 as inspection level and P0.05,there are no significant differences between national standard for a method of anterior-treatment and optimization of improving in fried foods and grilled foods.
Sex ratio and rheumatic disease.

Autoimmune diseases are said to have high female/male (F/M) ratios, but these ratios are imprecise. Published definitions and classifications of autoimmune diseases differ substantially, as do the F/M ratios themselves. Imputed causality of autoimmune diseases requires better precision. Some thyroid, rheumatic and hepatic diseases consistently have high F/M ratios, but marked differences exist in the reported quantity of the ratios. Other autoimmune diseases have low F/M ratios. Because F/M ratios reflect incidence and not severity of disease, gonadal hormones, if they play a role, must do so through a threshold or permissive mechanism. Sex differences related to environmental exposure, X-inactivation, imprinting, X or Y chromosome genetic modulators, and intrauterine influences remain as alternate, theoretical, explanations for sex differences of incidence. The epidemiology of the sex-discrepant autoimmune diseases - young, female - suggests that an explanation for sex discrepancy lies in differential exposure, vulnerable periods, or thresholds, rather than in quantitative aspects of immunomodulation.
Histamine in intestinal lymph of white rat during anaphylactic shock.

Conclusions1) Bovine γ globulin is a satisfactory antigen for sensitizing rats when given intraperitoneally simultaneously with Bordetella pertussis vaccine. Intestinal lymph of animals so sensitized contains increased amount of histamine when collected 6 minutes after intravenous injection of shocking dose. The amount is roughly proportional to degree of shock. Rate of flow of lymph increases 8 to 25 times during the 12 minutes immediately after administration of shocking dose. 2) Lymph from mesenteric lymphatic system contains 0 to 0.02 μg histamine/ml, an amount similar to that in plasma. 3) A limited number of studies suggest that rats treated with polymyxin B sulfate and distilled water before shock were only partly depleted of histamine.
Effect of increased maternal hemoglobin oxygen affinity on fetal growth in the rat.

Abstract A disparity between fetal and maternal hemoglobin oxygen affinities (i.e., P 50 fetal P 50 meternal ) is believed to be important in facilitating oxygen transfer from maternal to fetal circulation. However, human females with high oxygen affinity mutant hemoglobins ( P 50 meternal P 50 fetal ) have successfully borne children, calling into question the importance of the usual maternal/fetal P50 gradient. We have investigated the effect of artificially increased maternal hemoglobin oxygen affinity on fetal growth in the rat. Pregnant rats were exchange transfused with homologous blood on the ninth day of gestation, the experimental group receiving donor blood having P50 ≃ 15.0 mm Hg achieved by prior incubation with sodium cyanate. This changed mean maternal P50 from 41.1 to 24.6 mm Hg; the normal prenatal rat has P50 = 24.7 mm Hg due to low erythrocyte 2,3-DPG content. Parameters reflecting the adequacy of fetal oxygenation were examined on the 20th and 21st days of gestation and at term (22 days). Fetuses from the experimental group were significantly smaller on the 21st day (p
Hematuria Caused by Atheromatous Embolism: Report of a Case Diagnosed Intravitam

AbstractGross, painless hematuria as the only symptom in a 53-year-old male diabetic necessitated partial nephrectomy and was then found to have been caused by atheromatous embolsim associated with recent infarction of the renal parenchyma. This case appears to be the first one reported in which the diagnosis of renal atheromatous embolization had been established intravitam. A similar episode of hematuria occurred a year postoperatively and another renal infarction, likely caused by atheromatous embolization, was demonstrable with tomographic and angiographic techniques.
Genomic Reference Materials for Clinical Applications

Reference materials are well-characterized, homogeneous, and stable samples that can be used to understand measurement performance. The Genome in a Bottle Consortium is developing whole human genome DNA reference materials from large batches of DNA extracted from cell lines to support clinical translation of whole human genome sequencing. This DNA will be characterized using multiple sequencing and bioinformatics methods for single nucleotide polymorphisms, indels, structural variants, and haplotype phasing across the whole genome. Characterization of the reference material will be done with methods being developed by The Consortium to integrate information from multiple data sets to form highly confident genotype calls. These highly confident genotype calls can then be used by clinical and research laboratories to understand and optimize performance of library preparation, sequencing, and bioinformatics methods for genome sequencing, and can be used by accreditation and regulatory bodies to evaluate performance. Because the reference materials are homogeneous and stable, they will be able to be used to assess and compare sequencing performance with different methods over time, even as sequencing technologies and bioinformatics methods rapidly improve.
Accelerated soil erosion in watersheds of Yunnan Province, China

ABSTRACT: Soil erosion in agricultural watersheds consists of a natural (geologic) component and an accelerated (human-induced) component. There is little information available, particularly in developing countries, on the accelerated component of soil and nutrient erosion, or its effect on agricultural sustainability. Lakes and watersheds are physically linked ecosystems, and lake sediments preserve historical records of material export from watersheds. We used paleolimnological methods to calculate sediment accumulation rates for four lakes in Yunnan Province, China. We estimated trap efficiencies of three of the lake basins, calculated recent erosion rates for their watersheds, and calculated low-disturbance rates that approximate natural erosion. Human activities in recent centuries caused a 15-fold increase relative to natural erosion rates of non-carbonate, clastic materials from two small [350 km2 (135 mi2)] watersheds. Phosphorus export from these watersheds increased approximately 19 fold. The degree of human influence appeared to differ between the two larger [2700 km2 (1042 mi2)] watersheds. Accelerated soil and nutrient erosion rates from Yunnan watersheds are high, and may ultimately destabilize agricultural productivity and the agrarian economy.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation to Functional Fitness: Evidence from Chinese Firms Operating in the U.S.

We study how foreign companies can overcome the challenges of fitting into their host environment. Based on an inductive multiple- case study from nine Chinese firms operating in the United States,...
A hardware compilation framework for text analytics queries

Abstract Unstructured text data is being generated at an unprecedented rate in the form of Twitter feeds, machine logs or medical records. The analysis of this data is an important step to gaining significant insight regarding innovation, security and decision-making. The performance of traditional compute systems struggles to keep up with the rapid data growth and the expected high quality of information extraction. To cope with this situation, a compilation framework is presented that can transform text analytics queries into a hardware description. Deployed on an FPGA, the queries can be executed 60 times faster on average compared to a multi-threaded software implementation. The performance has been evaluated on two generations of high-end server systems including two generations of FPGAs, demonstrating the performance gains from advanced technology.
Abstract 1127: Aberrant nuclear expression of GSK-3beta in human head and neck carcinoma

Background: Recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN) and salivary gland malignancies are difficult to treat with limited standard of care options at the present time. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), a serine/threonine protein kinase, has been implicated as a potential therapeutic target in human cancer. Our in vivo studies demonstrated that our novel GSK-3 inhibitors significantly potentiated the effects of conventional chemotherapy in patient-derived xenograft models of glioblastoma and breast cancer leading to regression of tumors. In order to develop a rationale to test our novel GSK-3 inhibitors in head and neck (HN 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1127. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1127
Serial Cardiac Nuclear Imaging: Opportunities and Challenges

Cardiac nuclear imaging is widely used to guide clinical management. While a large body of evidence supports the use of a single set of images, a significant proportion of patients undergo serial studies. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent clinical developments in the serial use of cardiac nuclear imaging and discuss the challenges of interpreting and applying the results. Serial myocardial perfusion imaging studies have demonstrated the impact of coronary revascularization on myocardial blood flow and established the prognostic value of changes in myocardial perfusion over time. Recent studies have suggested the potential for improved targeting of myocardial revascularization by using positron emission tomography or by focusing on necrosis evaluation instead of traditional viability assessment on imaging. Serial nuclear imaging of cardiac adrenergic function is currently being studied for clinical utility in applications such as detecting early chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity or monitoring the effects on the myocardium of mechanical unloading by ventricular assist devices. Although well established for the diagnosis of cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis, technetium pyrophosphate imaging has only recently been evaluated for potential utility of serial evaluations for monitoring the progression of disease. Over the last few years, we have witnessed increased interest in serial imaging. The use of serial nuclear imaging in the clinical arena will continue to drive research in this field in the foreseeable future to allow us to better understand its implications on clinical care.
THIRTY DAY CLINICAL OUTCOMES FOLLOWING IMPLEMENTATION OF CYP2C19 GENOTYPE-GUIDED DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY

The clinical impact of using CYP2C19 genotype to guide dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unclear. This single center retrospective cohort study included 1193 PCI patients from 2012-14. CYP2C19 genotyping was recommended in high risk patients,
Reimagining Work: Normative Commonplaces and Their Effects on Accessibility in Workplaces:

This article investigates how normative attitudes about work construct barriers to workers who are blind and visually impaired. The researcher collected narratives about rhetorical experiences from...
Parametric Studies of Thermographic Detection of Disbonds in Laminated Structures Using Computational Simulations

A quantitative assessment of a structure’s material characteristics contributes to the safety, reliability, and useful lifetime of a structure. Thermographic nondestructive evaluation has advantages over other methods in that it is a noncontacting, quantitative measurement of the material integrity which can inspect large areas in a short period of time. A disbond between layers of a laminated structure will prevent heat from penetrating from the surface layer to the subsurface layers and will result in an increase in temperature over the disbond. The limits of this technique for detection of disbonds in solid rocket motors was investigated by computational simulation of the thermographic technique. This has an advantage over an experimental investigation, since many sample configurations and flaw sizes can be investigated at a fraction of the cost and time required for sample fabrication, data acquisition and analysis. This paper presents a series of simulations varying parameters that affect the thermal contrast such as heating time, disbond size, and thickness of the surface layer. Experimental results are presented for comparison.
The Engine of Engines – Toward a Computational Ecology

Our knowledge related to the entailments of functionalities of different biological processes as they enable sentience to arise in the human is still limited due to the biological complexity of the body. There are two interrelated research paradigms that can be developed to approach this problem– one paradigm seeks to study the body and articulate its entailments (intra-functionalities) at multiple scales over time; the second paradigm seeks to glean knowledge from this study of biological processes and create new forms of computation to enable us to transcend the limitations of current computational modes. The nature and scope of the question necessitates an transdisciplinary approach to research through the development of a multi-perspective approach to knowledge production. Here, key solutions can in part arise at the interstices between disciplines, and potentially enable us to define and ‘chip away’ at the problem set. Central is observing the body as a distributed network of computational processes that function at different physical scales as well as across time-dependent, process-oriented accretive frames. We can articulate the study of the body by calling it an electrochemical computer— a computer whose deep functionality is not yet fully entailed. Historically the nature of the problem has been to isolate a biological system and study its entailments to ascertain its functionality. Yet, the nature of sentience asks us as researchers to take a more holistic approach, despite the complexity at play. These two paradigms then become a long-term problem set that a network of high-end researchers can collaborate on, by bringing different areas of expertise to the table. The notion of developing a biomimetic/bio-relational Engine of Engines— A Computational Ecology (Stengers 2005) derives from observing computational systems at work in the body and approaching them through observation— through technological, mathematical and/or computational abstraction. Where the body has been described as functioning as a computational system that transcends the Turing limit (Siegelmann 1999)(Maclennan 2003)(Penrose 1989) new approaches to computation need to be undertaken to reflect this deep complexity.
Biochemical Changes in Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Technological advances over the past decade have produced a remarkable expansion in our knowledge of the basic biological processes involved in cell growth and replication. Nevertheless, our understanding of these processes both under normal and pathological circumstances is far from complete and, in fact, can be considered to be early in its evolution.
Pathways into Terrorism: Understanding Entry into and Support for Terrorism in Asia

ABSTRACTHow do individuals join Islamist extremist groups? Why do individuals support such groups? What factors contribute to a decision to join? What are the pathways into Islamist extremist groups? Drawing on examples from Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia and the Philippines, the articles in this special issue address these critically important questions drawing on original fieldwork, new datasets and large scale national survey research. These articles explore the experiences and perceptions of men and women, South and Southeast Asians, living in majority Muslim and non-Muslim nations. Collectively, they illustrate the importance of social bonds&kinship ties, friendship, teacher-student ties and online relationships in creating a powerful sense of community that fosters a sense of belonging and eventual commitment. The goal of this special issue is to highlight the contributions that Asian cases can make to the often Middle Eastern and European-centric discourses on radicalization, joining and support f...
The 5-HT1A Receptor: an unkept promise?

Stimulation of 5-HTIA receptors appears to be the most plausible basis for the anxiolytic effects of buspirone and has been hypothesized to explain effects of SSRIs in depression and panic disorder [1]. A surprising number of relatively selective agonists have been developed since the introduction of buspirone (Mead Johnson) in 1986 for anxiety. Despite the plethora of preclinical models in which 5-HTIA agonists have produced evidence suggestive of anxiolytic and antidepressant activity, no new compound other than tandospirone (Sumitomo, Pfizer) has been registered. The large number of presentations at meetings, notations in industry media or corporate press releases, and much smaller number of peer reviewed publications on phase II/III studies underway in patients with generalized anxiety disorder or depression give a very mixed picture on these newer agents. Until the recent FDA approval of the antidepressant venlafaxine (Wyeth-Ayrst) (a mixed 5HT and noradrenergic uptake inhibitor at higher doses) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), there were no successors to buspirone or the benzodiazepines in the United States or Europe.
Trading off the costs of inference vs. probing in diagnosis

This paper proposes a new algorithm which when provided the relative costs of computation vs. probing minimizes the total cost of diagnosis. During the diagnosis process the decision of whether to probe or to compute is dependent on the expected costs and benefits of each alternative. It is unlikely that we will be able to find general analytic and simple-to-compute models for the costs and benefits. Therefore, we base our algorithm on simple empirically derived models of costs and benefits. With these models, our algorithm operates by continuously choosing the optimum action to make next. This algorithm will not blow up on the rare pathological cases and will always (on average) find diagnoses at equal to or better cost than a conventional GDE/Sherlock. When the cost of probing is high, then our algorithm behaves exactly the same as GDE/Sherlock. When the cost of computation is high, the algorithm performs the diagnosis at far lower cost than GDE/Sherlock.
Latent hepatic cirrhosis. A study of 95 cases.

Among 513 cases of hepatic cirrhosis reviewed, 95 (18%) were found to have latent hepatic cirrhosis (of unknown cause in most cases). Identifiable causes included chronic alcoholism and, in rare instances, chronic ulcerative colitis and hemochromatosis. There were no well-documented cases of latent posthepatitic cirrhosis. Latent hepatic cirrhosis occurred most often in patients of advanced age. The body weight was usually normal or above normal. Splenomegaly appeared to be the single most important clinical sign. The liver was usually granular. The cirrhosis was of the portal type, characterized by normal or above-normal liver weights, fatty changes, and the absence of histologic signs indicating a specific cause. We concluded that latent hepatic cirrhosis may represent either the preclinical phase of an active, usually alcoholic, cirrhosis or, more often, a slowly progressing cirrhotic process of unknown cause, closely associated with advanced age.
Pulse Oximetry Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects in Newborns.

Pulse oximetry is an accurate screening test for critical congenital heart defects in newborns. Pulse oximetry is simple to use, widely available, and has moderate sensitivity (76.3%) and good specificity (99.9%). However, the prevalence of critical congenital heart defects is low, and most newborns who screen positive do not have a critical congenital heart defect.
Tunneling between Schwarzschild-de Sitter vacua

We extend the study of the effect of static primordial black holes on vacuum decay. In particular, we compare the tunneling rates between vacua of different values of the cosmological constant and black hole mass by pointing out the dominant processes based on a numerical examination of the thin wall instanton. Three distinct cases are considered, namely the nucleation of a true vacuum bubble into the false vacuum, the nucleation of a false vacuum bubble into the true vacuum as well as the Farhi-Guth-Guven mechanism. As a proof of concept, it is shown that in order to increase the transition rate into an inflating region, we find that not only is the inclusion of a black hole necessary, but the inclusion of a cosmological constant in the initial phase is also required. Among the cases studied, we show that the most likely scenario is the elimination of inhomogeneities in the final phase.
Nephrolithiasis in Kidney Transplant

Incidence of nephrolithiasis is low after kidney transplantation. Kidney stones in transplanted kidney can be of donor origin or newly formed in allograft after transplantation. There are a number of metabolic and mechanical predisposing factors for kidney stone formation in transplant recipients. Diagnosis and management are multimodal and are similar to general population. Nephrolithiasis in kidney transplant recipients can lead to significant morbidity, and outcomes are excellent with timely management.
Creating a Sustainable Ongoing After-School Program. The Story of New Leadership

This was the ninth year of the Reading Orienteering Club program, and the first year of being a student-run program. The new student director had worked as a paid staff intern for 3 years before assuming leadership. A student research project showed that students’ reading levels improved during the program, but was unable to show that the children enjoyed reading more than they enjoyed various fun activities.
“A lot to think about”: Online monitoring in dialogue interpreting

Abstract This paper takes a process-focused approach to investigating the dialogue interpreting task from the perspective of the task performer. It reports on a portion of a research study aimed at better understanding the cognitive and interactional processes involved in dialogue interpreting. Eight interpreters interpreted a simulated interaction and subsequently completed a retrospective process-tracing session. The results shed light on the complexities of dialogue interpreting performance as experienced by the task performer, specifically with regard to interpreters’ online monitoring of affect, behavior, cognition, and context.
A weight‐of‐evidence approach for defining thermal sensitivity in a federally endangered species

Managing for threatened and endangered species under changing environmental conditions is a challenge faced by resource managers worldwide. Lack of basic knowledge of the biology and habitat requirements of these species can contribute to this difficulty but is exacerbated by the limitations of working with rare species (i.e. few individuals) or unrefined and non‐lethal methods for evaluating stress. A weight‐of‐evidence approach was used to evaluate the thermal biology of the federally endangered dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon), using cumulative results from multiple experimental assessments, co‐occurring species, and their host fish to begin defining the thermal limits and optimal conditions for the species. Results suggest that dwarf wedgemussel and its host fish are thermally sensitive species compared with other Atlantic‐slope mussels, with a lower critical thermal maximum (CTM) and the selection of reduced temperatures during choice experiments. Physiological studies resulted in a lack of statistical significance, primarily owing to low power, which was a function of sample size – an unavoidable problem when studying rare species. Given these limitations, thermal choice and CTM may be more useful end points than physiological processes such as clearance and respiration rates when dealing with sample‐size limitations. These results suggest that management strategies that avoid exposing dwarf wedgemussel and its thermally sensitive host fish to extreme temperatures could be important for species conservation.
Social Distancing is Effective at Mitigating COVID-19 Transmission in the United States

COVID-19 is present in every state and over 90 percent of all counties in the United States. Decentralized government efforts to reduce spread, combined with the complex dynamics of human mobility and the variable intensity of local outbreaks makes assessing the effect of large-scale social distancing on COVID-19 transmission in the U.S. is a challenge. We generate a novel metric to represent social distancing behavior derived from mobile phone data, and examine its relationship with COVID-19 case reports at the county level. Our analysis reveals that social distancing is strongly correlated with decreased COVID-19 case growth rates for the 25 most affected counties in the United States, with a lag period consistent with the incubation time of SARS-CoV-2. We also demonstrate evidence that social distancing was already under way in many U.S. counties before county and state-level policies were implemented. This study strongly supports social distancing as an effective way to mitigate COVID-19 transmission in the United States.
Factors associated with state legislators' support for opioid use disorder parity laws

Abstract Background In the United States, state behavioral health parity laws play a crucial role in ensuring equitable insurance coverage and access to substance use disorder treatment and services for people that need them. State legislators have the exclusive authority to adopt these laws. The purpose of this study was to identify legislator beliefs independently associated with “strong support” for opioid use disorder (OUD) parity. Methods Data were from a 2017 cross-sectional, state-stratified, multi-modal survey of state legislators (N = 475). The dependent variable was “strong support” for OUD parity. Primary independent variables were beliefs about state parity laws. Bivariate analyses and mixed effects logistic regression were conducted. Results Legislators who “strongly supported” OUD parity were significantly more likely than legislators who did not “strongly support” OUD parity to be female (64.1% vs. 46.5%, p Conclusions Dissemination materials and communication strategies to cultivate support for OUD parity laws among state legislators should focus on the fiscal impacts of parity laws and the effectiveness of substance use disorder treatments.
Should We Eat the Human-Pig Chimera?

Scientists will soon be able to grow human-transplantable organs in pigs. This paper focuses on the question of whether it is morally permissible to eat genetically altered pigs after harvesting their organs. Despite a lack of scholarly discussion of this question, the impetus for it is straightforward. There is no reason to think that peoples’ taste for pig will subside when scientists reach the point of being able to growing mature human organs inside them. In this paper, I argue that there is a good reason why we should eat genetically altered pigs and currently no compelling reasons to the contrary.
Racial Differences in AKI Incidence Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background Undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a risk factor for AKI development, but few studies have quantified racial differences in AKI incidence after this procedure. Methods We examined the association of self-reported race (Black, White, or other) and baseline eGFR with AKI incidence among patients who underwent PCI at Duke University Medical Center between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2013. We defined AKI as a 0.3 mg/dl absolute increase in serum creatinine within 48 hours, or ≥1.5-fold relative elevation within 7 days post-PCI from the reference value ascertained within 30 days before PCI. Results Of 9422 patients in the analytic cohort (median age 63 years; 33% female; 75% White, 20% Black, 5% other race), 9% developed AKI overall (14% of Black, 8% of White, 10% of others). After adjustment for demographics, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, predisposing medications, PCI indication, periprocedural AKI prophylaxis, and PCI procedural characteristics, Black race was associated with increased odds for incident AKI compared with White race (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.48 to 2.15). Compared with Whites, odds for incident AKI were not significantly higher in other patients (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.83). Low baseline eGFR was associated with graded, higher odds of AKI incidence (P value for trend Conclusions Black patients had greater odds of developing AKI after PCI compared with White patients. Future investigations should identify factors, including multiple domains of social determinants, that predispose Black individuals to disparate AKI risk after PCI.
Mesh Fragmentation Improves Dissociation Efficiency in Top-down Proteomics.

Top-down proteomics is a key mass spectrometry-based technology for comprehensive analysis of proteoforms. Proteoforms exhibit multiple high charge states and isotopic forms in full MS scans. The d...
Consistency in data collection: creating operational definitions

Abstract This activity will introduce the use of operational definitions and a technique for measuring whether there is consistency between two observers who have observed the same animal, i.e., interobserver reliability. You and a partner will use Pearson's correlation coefficient r to measure interobserver reliability (Spatz, 2000).
PROLOTHERAPY COMBINED WITH PHYSICAL THERAPY IN A RECREATIONALLY ACTIVE MIDDLE-AGED MAN WITH CHONDROMALACIA PATELLA

The purpose of this case report is to describe the use of physical therapy combined with prolotherapy in a recreationally active, middle-aged man with knee pain and chondromalacia patella. The patient was a 50 year-old male triathlete presenting with a chief complaint of persistent left knee stiffness and anterolateral knee pain. The patient’s symptoms began insidiously 9 months prior after an increase in his triathlon training activities. His knee pain progressed to the point that he could not perform any weight bearing exercise without significant discomfort. Previous treatments included management by a physical therapist, as well as corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid injections. Although these previous treatments provided minimal benefit, the patient sought further management by another physical therapist. Magnetic resonance imaging findings revealed moderate to severe chondromalacia at the lateral patellar facet. In addition to management by a physical therapist, the patient received a series of three prolotherapy injections to the knee. Physical therapy management consisted of manual therapy for the lower quarter, targeted therapeutic exercise to address strength deficits of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles, and a gradual return to weight bearing exercise and functional activity. At 4 months following the physical therapy and prolotherapy injections, the patient reported no pain during daily activities. Additionally, he had returned to swimming, cycling, unlimited walking and hiking on various surfaces, and agility drills. In patients with knee pain and chondromalacia patella, especially those who have not responded to prior interventions, physical therapy combined with prolotherapy may serve as a treatment option. Article visualizations:
Structural Studies of the Phage G Tail Demonstrate an Atypical Tail Contraction

Phage G is recognized as having a remarkably large genome and capsid size among isolated, propagated phages. Negative stain electron microscopy of the host–phage G interaction reveals tail sheaths that are contracted towards the distal tip and decoupled from the head–neck region. This is different from the typical myophage tail contraction, where the sheath contracts upward, while being linked to the head–neck region. Our cryo-EM structures of the non-contracted and contracted tail sheath show that: (1) The protein fold of the sheath protein is very similar to its counterpart in smaller, contractile phages such as T4 and phi812; (2) Phage G’s sheath structure in the non-contracted and contracted states are similar to phage T4’s sheath structure. Similarity to other myophages is confirmed by a comparison-based study of the tail sheath’s helical symmetry, the sheath protein’s evolutionary timetree, and the organization of genes involved in tail morphogenesis. Atypical phase G tail contraction could be due to a missing anchor point at the upper end of the tail sheath that allows the decoupling of the sheath from the head–neck region. Explaining the atypical tail contraction requires further investigation of the phage G sheath anchor points.
PHENYLETHYLAMINE (PEA) AND CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA

This report examines the potential role of PEA and its metabolism in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Turnover of Membrane Proteins in Animal Cells

The biological concept of a continual replacement, i.e., turnover, of cellular constituents has been extensively developed in the past two decades (Schimke and Doyle, 1970) following publication of the classical studies of Schoenheimer and his associates in The Dynamic State of Body Constituents (1942).
Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students.

Abstract Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) manifests in 20–30% of college students, with increased incidence in recent decades. Very limited research has assessed the efficacy of evidence-based interventions for MDD in college students. Mindfulness-Based Therapy (MBT) and Behavioral Activation (BA) are two interventions with significant potential to meet demands of college counseling clinics and effectively treat college students with MDD. This study utilized a randomized controlled research design ( n = 50) to examine the efficacy of four-sessions of abbreviated MBT and BA relative to a wait-list control condition with depressed college students. Intent-to-treat data analyses on depression outcome measures suggested both treatments were superior to the control group. There were significant pre-post treatment improvements across measures of depression, rumination, stress, and mindfulness, gains largely maintained at 1-month follow-up. Neither active treatment effectively reduced somatic anxiety. Both treatments generally had moderate-strong effect sizes relative to the control group, and based on depression response and remission criteria, 56–79% of patients exhibited clinically significant improvement. Based on reliable change indices, 75–85% experienced clinically significant reductions in depression. There was strong therapist competence and adherence to treatment protocols and high patient satisfaction with both interventions. Study limitations and implications for the assessment and treatment of depressed college students are discussed.
Histories of Democracy, Colonial Escape: Turkey & Japan, an Avenue from Arab Spring to a Balance of Secularism and Religion

Dynamic changes are underway in the Middle East. Turkey has taken a leading role in these transformations as a model for the future. A study of elements of the history of Turkey’s modern condition is in order, especially the transition from the Ottoman state. In this essay, I briefly focus the analysis on the Western history and Turkey, with regard to the relation of religion and secularism comparing both to Turkey and nations in the West. Turkey and Japan are two nations which escaped colonial conquest and domination. The role of this escape and the means of defining or measuring the degree of influence of religion is discussed. Here the role of Mustafa Kemel Ataturk is central as is the example of Japan in the 16th to 20th centuries. I also examine these problems and the related idea of the conflict of cultures that so profoundly undermines the means of securing a constructive international dialogue on the crisis of our times.
Cellular events in tolerance. II. Thymus-bone marrow cell cooperation in the immune response to BSA in Wistar Furth rats.

Abstract Normal bone marrow cells from Wistar Furth rats were competent to transfer immune responsiveness to bovine serum albumin to thymectomised, irradiated, syngeneic recipients. When the bone marrow cells were taken from donors thymectomised early in life they were incompetent, but competence was restored by addition of normal thymus cells. It was concluded that normal Wistar Furth bone marrow cells contain some thymus-derived cells. Thymus cells from tolerant donors were less effective in cooperation with bone marrow cells, however the thymus cells appeared less tolerant than their donors.
Drivers of agricultural profitability in the USA: An application of the Du Pont expansion method

Purpose – The aim of this study is to use a financial approach based on the Du Pont expansion to investigate the impact of demographics, specialization, tenure, vertical integration, farm type, and regional location on the three levers of performance (ROE) – namely, net profit margins, asset turnover ratio, and asset‐to‐equity ratio.Design/methodology/approach – This research uses a system of equations in conjunction with 1996‐2009 farm‐level data from the US Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) to evaluate the factors driving farm‐level profitability, namely, net profit margins, asset turnover ratio, and asset‐to‐equity ratio. The methodology employed in this study corrects heterogeneity and uses repeated cross‐section estimation procedure to estimate the empirical models.Findings – The study finds that key drivers of net profit margins are operator education, farm size and typology, specialization, and level of government payments. Key factors affecting the asset tu...
Intervention leads to improvements in the nutrient profile of snacks served in afterschool programs: a group randomized controlled trial

Widely adopted nutrition policies for afterschool programs (ASPs) focus on serving a fruit/vegetable daily and eliminating sugar-sweetened foods/beverages. The impact of these policies on the nutrient profile of snacks served is unclear. Evaluate changes in macro/micronutrient content of snacks served in ASPs. A 1-year group randomized controlled trial was conducted in 20 ASPs serving over 1700 elementary-age children. Intervention ASPs received a multistep adaptive framework intervention. Direct observation of snack served was collected and nutrient information determined using the USDA Nutrient Database, standardized to nutrients/100 kcal. By post-assessment, intervention ASPs reduced total kcal/snack served by 66 kcal (95CI −114 to −19 kcal) compared to control ASPs. Total fiber (+1.7 g/100 kcal), protein (+1.4 g/100 kcal), polyunsaturated fat (+1.2 g/100 kcal), phosphorous (+49.0 mg/100 kcal), potassium (+201.8 mg/100 kcal), and vitamin K (+21.5 μg/100 kcal) increased in intervention ASPs, while added sugars decreased (−5.0 g/100 kcal). Nutrition policies can lead to modest daily caloric reductions and improve select macro/micronutrients in snacks served. Long-term, these nutritional changes may contribute to healthy dietary habits.