cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract T P270: Effectiveness of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale Training

Background and Purpose: Staff voiced a need for hands on training regarding scoring of complex stroke patients. Random reviews of medical record documentation of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scoring and discussions with staff reflected variations in scoring for the same deficits. The primary training method utilized by all staff has been computer based with preceptor skill verification. Continued issues with confusion in scoring led to development of a unique solution for our facility and community partners using this scale. Method: Members of our nursing and medical team developed a unique learning opportunity that provided participants with both didactic and hands on participation for scoring of patients with the NIHSS. Lectures consisted of overview of stroke syndromes including complex syndromes, basic NIHSS knowledge and scoring requirements, followed by review of complex scoring strategies and a live classroom scoring presentation by a provider on a test patient. The learnin...
Landscape structure affects specialists but not generalists in naturally fragmented grasslands

Understanding how biotic communities respond to landscape spatial structure is critically important for conservation management as natural habitats become increasingly fragmented. However, empirical studies of the effects of spatial structure on plant species richness have found inconsistent results, suggesting that more comprehensive approaches are needed. We asked how landscape structure affects total plant species richness and the richness of a guild of specialized plants in a multivariate context. We sampled herbaceous plant communities at 56 dolomite glades (insular, fire-adapted grasslands) across the Missouri Ozarks, USA, and used structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the relative importance of landscape structure, soil resource availability, and fire history for plant communities. We found that landscape spatial structure, defined as the area-weighted proximity of glade habitat surrounding study sites (proximity index), had a significant effect on total plant species richness, but only after we controlled for environmental covariates. Richness of specialist species, but not generalists, was positively related to landscape spatial structure. Our results highlight that local environmental filters must be considered to understand the influence of landscape structure on communities and that unique species guilds may respond differently to landscape structure than the community as a whole. These findings suggest that both local environment and landscape context should be considered when developing management strategies for species of conservation concern in fragmented habitats.
Nutritional Management of Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis)

The incidence of kidney stones is common in the United States and treatments for them are very costly. This review article provides information about epidemiology, mechanism, diagnosis, and pathophysiology of kidney stone formation, and methods for the evaluation of stone risks for new and follow-up patients. Adequate evaluation and management can prevent recurrence of stones. Kidney stone prevention should be individualized in both its medical and dietary management, keeping in mind the specific risks involved for each type of stones. Recognition of these risk factors and development of long-term management strategies for dealing with them are the most effective ways to prevent recurrence of kidney stones.
Silicon Carbide: the Premier Paradigm for Structural and Microelectronic Device Applications in Severe Environments

The extreme thermal, mechanical, corrosion resistant and electronic properties of SiC provide multiplicative combinations of attributes which allow a variety of products for very different applications. The emphasis herein will be the consideration of both the constant stress creep properties of several types of polycrystalline SiC materials and the characteristics of different SiC-based devices having high power, high frequency and switching applications and which are operational at ≥573K. The controlling mechanism in reaction-bonded SiC within the ranges of temperature and stress of 1848K-1923K and 110–220 MPa, respectively, is glide/climb controlled by climb. The controlling creep mechanism in CVD material at T 1920K. By contrast, the continual development of SiC thin film deposition and the device related technologies of doping, contacts and dry etching have culminated in a host of microelectronic devices operable at high temperatures, namely, MOSFET high power devices, MESFET high frequency devices, and switches including p-n junctions and thyristors. The properties of selected devices and circuits made from them are described with an emphasis on their operation at high temperature.
Looking at Smelser’s Theory of Collective Behavior After Almost 50 Years: A Review and Appreciation

A half century has gone by since the publication of Neil Smelser’s classic book on the Theory of Collective Behavior. The re-issue of the book triggered these observations in which I reflect on the fate of old books; trace a bit of the book’s genealogy; note changes in the field; and argue that Smelser’s book is really four books in one with varying impact over the decades and likely to be of varying interest to current scholars—an application of Parsonian theory to conflict and change; an elaboration of key concepts found with collective behavior which involves “uninstitutionalized mobilization to reconstitute components of social action on the basis of a generalized belief”; an elaboration of variables such as objective conditions of the social order, perceptions and belief systems required to understand the topic; and a comprehensive summary and critique of relevant empirical and theoretical work on collective behavior through the 1950s. Based on criticisms of the book, I suggest some areas that should be addressed were the book to be revised.
EFFECTS OF STRUCTURAL AND STACKING CONFIGURATION OF CONTAINERS FOR TRANSPORTING CHICKS IN THEIR MICROENVIRONMENT

Breeder (layer) chicks in transit are vulnerable to oxygen shortages that stem from the lack of mechanical ventilation in holding areas such as warehouse and cargo compartments of aircraft. Such vulnerable periods tend to occur around departure time of an aircraft when the cargo door is closed but the compartment has not been pressurized, and vice versa upon landing. To maintain the well-being of the chicks, sufficient air exchange through the containers is essential during these periods. This study examined the air flow rates and internal thermal conditions of a commercial chick container as influenced by its structural and stacking configurations. Specifically, a 2×2 factorial arrangement of container structures was examined that consisted of a regular cardboard box (62 × 47 × 15 cm) and a box modified by adding extra vent holes (128 vs 92) on the side walls; each type of box was covered with either the regular cardboard lid or a modified plastic poultry grid lid. The effects on air flow rate of vertical distances (VD) from 2.5 cm (currently used) to 17.8 cm between the boxes were evaluated with one stack of four containers. The effects on air flow rate of horizontal distances (HD) from 5.1 to 15.2 cm between the stacks were evaluated with four stacks of six containers each. NI/CR electrical heating wires evenly located above the excelsior bedding were used to simulate sensible heat production rate (21 W at 30°C) of 88 unfed day-old chicks that are normally held per container. The results revealed that the measured ventilation rate under the current box structure and stacking arrangement (averaging 0.013 L/s/chick or 0.028 CFM/chick) seemed sufficient during cold weather but was considerably below values recommended for mild to hot weather. An improved, practical container structure and stacking configuration features the regular container body with the grid lid, 7.6 cm VD between boxes, 5.1 cm HD between stacks linked with the existing cardboard spacers. The improved structure and stacking configurations had an average air flow rate of 0.062 L/s/chick. The corresponding internal temperature rise of the containers relative to the test room temperature was 3.4, 4.7, 4.8, 5.0, 5.5, and 4.8 K for layer 1 (bottom layer), 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 (top layer), respectively, compared to 5.5, 8.1, 9.1, 9.8, 9.9, 7.8 K for the current box structure and stacking arrangement. Because of the excessive air flow rate and potential cold draft for the top layer, the original cardboard lid was recommended for the top containers.
Analyzing the mechanisms of selectivity in biomimetic self-assemblies via IR and NMR spectroscopy of prepolymerization solutions and molecular dynamics simulations.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid were synthesized via a noncovalent approach with 4-vinylpyridine as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker in a methanol/water mixture. Templated polymers synthesized in this self-assembly approach rely on complex formation between the target analyte and functional monomers in porogenic solution prior to radical polymerization. Consequently, the achievable selectivity is governed by the nature and stability of these complexes. The nature of noncovalent interactions responsible for complex formation during imprinting of the template 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) with the functional monomer 4-vinylpyridine has been investigated. Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopies provide the fundamental analytical basis for rationalizing the mechanisms of recognition during the imprinting process probing the governing interactions for selective binding site formation at a molecular level. Molecu...
Application of the method of direct cutting-out to the solution of the problem of longitudinal shear of a wedge with thin heterogeneities of arbitrary orientation

The method of direct cutting-out consists of modeling of a finite body, in particular, with thin heterogeneities, using a much simpler problem for a bounded or a partially bounded body with thin heterogeneities located in the same manner and the presence of additional cracks or absolutely rigid inclusions of fairy large length, which are modeled by the boundary conditions of a bounded body. The method is tested on the problems of antiplane deformation of a symmetrically loaded crack in a wedge with free faces and an absolutely rigid inclusion placed with some tension in a wedge with restrained faces. For an elastic inclusion, we construct generalized conditions of interaction, which enable us to unify the procedure of giving different boundary conditions in the case of using the method of direct cutting-out.
Estimating Link Travel Time with the Mobilizer Video Image Tracking System

Travel time is currently believed to be one of the best, if not the best, indicators of the quality of flow and operation on a transportation facility. Travel time is such a good measure because it is easy for both commuters and transportation engineers to understand. The problem with travel time, however, is that there currently does not exist a method that is capable of collecting this measurement automatically, in real-time, and without statistical bias. These elements should certainly be considered as basic requirements for traffic management centers as they progress to meet the future demands of Intelligent Transportation Systems Applications. A new technology for measuring travel time is being tested and evaluated by researchers at the University of Mobilizer. This system offers the promise of being tested and evaluated by researchers at the University of Washington. This new technology is a video image detection system based on vehicle tracking, called the Mobilizer. This system offers the promise of being able to track individual vehicles passively, and in real-time, along any route monitored by video cameras. This system also provides all of the standard traffic measures reported by previous generation point processing video image systems, but is also capable ofmore » reporting link travel times, which cannot be measured directly by the point processing systems. This paper presents the preliminary findings of the Mobilizer system based on results from studies performed at local roadway segments within the Puget Sound region. These preliminary results indicate that the Mobilizer is capable of matching vehicles in successive fields-of-view with a reasonable degree of accuracy and that the travel time estimates provided by the system are statistically valid.« less
Sedimentation in a salt marsh-tidal channel system, southern New Jersey

Abstract The tidal channels in a low-mesotidal back-barrier salt marsh of southern New Jersey are comprised of large through-flowing (TF) channels which separate marsh islands and smaller dead-end (DE) channel networks on the marsh islands. TF channels have at-a-station hydraulic geometries similar to other tidal marsh channels and DE channels have hydraulic geometries similar to rivers. The silt-clay (mud) content of DE channel perimeters is high (averaging 78%) and width:depth ratios are low (5–21) in contrast to TF channels with higher width:depth ratios (34–129) and lower contents of silt-clay at the perimeters (averaging 9%). Three distinct environments are associated with the channels: (1) a subtidal thalweg region, (2) an intertidal channel-margin flat (vegetated and unvegetated), and (3) a channel-margin marsh (levee and back-levee). Interchannel sediment trends for each environment proceeding from large TF to small DE channels are: (1) a decrease in grain size of the sediments from sands to silts and clays, (2) increase in total organic matter with increasing mud content, and (3) a change from predominantly physical to biological sedimentary structures. Intrachannel trends at individual channel cross sections comprise a decrease in grain size of the sediments with distance from the thalweg region and increasing total organic matter content from the thalweg to the marsh. TF and DE channels have different origins. TF channels evolved from flood tidal delta channels that became fixed in position with the stabilization of delta shoals by vegetation and cohesive bank-margin sediments. DE channel networks, on the other hand, originated as ebb drainage patterns on the unvegetated substrates of marsh islands. They also became fixed in position by vegetation and cohesive bank margins. The two mechanisms of channel formation have resulted in little to no migration through time after this stabilization.
Global modeling of ultrafast photomixer circuits for millimeter-wave generation

The role of integrated device/circuit simulation is critical to understanding the gigahertz-photonic operation of photomixing circuits containing metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) devices. This work presents an efficient convolution- based time-domain approach to circuit simulation that incorporates an advanced numerical MSM device model. Complete millimeter-wave circuit simulation requires consideration of both the dynamic, high-frequency behavior of the electron and hole charge carriers in the large-signal device, and the frequency-dependent, distributed nature of the embedding circuit. The modeled device is an MBE-grown GaAs MSM photodetector with trench electrodes. Device and circuit performance is assessed by calculating the optical responsivity and bandwidth. Simulations with the device alone demonstrate the effects of a new current density boundary condition, as well as the effects of using low- growth- versus conventional-growth-temperature GaAs MSM's. Global simulations illustrate the effect that the embedding circuit has on bandwidth. Both types of simulations aid in the co-design of device and circuit, with applications to millimeter-wave generation in phased-array antennas and optoelectronic-based communication systems.16
Structure and Detectability of Trends in Hydrological Measures over the Western United States

Abstract This study examines the geographic structure of observed trends in key hydrologically relevant variables across the western United States at ⅛° spatial resolution during the period 1950–99. Geographical regions, latitude bands, and elevation classes where these trends are statistically significantly different from trends associated with natural climate variations are identified. Variables analyzed include late-winter and spring temperature, winter-total snowy days as a fraction of winter-total wet days, 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) as a fraction of October–March (ONDJFM) precipitation total [precip(ONDJFM)], and seasonal [JFM] accumulated runoff as a fraction of water-year accumulated runoff. Observed changes were compared to natural internal climate variability simulated by an 850-yr control run of the finite volume version of the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3-FV), statistically downscaled to a ⅛° grid using the method of constructed analogs. Both observed and downscale...
Using video games to enhance learning in digital systems

Recent studies indicate that traditional instructional methods may not be as effective for the current and future generation of learners. Given the increasing amounts of time that students spend playing video games, educators have been looking at using games to enhance teaching and learning. Research indicates that games have the potential to improve learning. However there is lack of empirical data on their effectiveness, particularly in a formal educational setting at the college level. In this paper we present preliminary results from a pilot project to develop an educational game prototype on the subject of basic digital design, to be used in various digital systems courses at the undergraduate level. Our findings indicate that the game has the potential to improve student learning in and attitude toward digital design and electrical engineering. Further development of the game and additional studies are planned to obtain more conclusive results.
Die Elektrolyse von Lösungen der seltenen Erden

Die Zersetzungsspannungen verschiedener neutraler Normallosungen von Salzen der seltenen Erden wurden bestimmt. Die Werte liegen nahe beieinander und zwar ungefahr bei 2 Volt.
The expression of the EF1α genes of Drosophila is not associated with the extended longevity phenotype in a selected long-lived strain

Abstract A quantitative dot blot analysis was performed to determine whether the expression of the EF-1α genes of Drosophila melanogaster are associated with the extended longevity phenotype characteristic of our genetically selected long-lived strain. These data were compared to that obtained from two normal-lived strains and from two iso-chromosomal strains with an intermediate life span. The relative mRNA levels of both EF-1α genes (EF-1α and EF-1α F2) for all five strains were measured through the larval, pupal, and early adult stages, and statistically analyzed. Our findings from these studies indicate that the F2 mRNA tracks with the extended longevity; however, the F1 mRNA is the major component and, thus, the relative total expression of these genes at the mRNA level is approximately equivalent for all five strains. These conclusions suggest that the expression of the EF-1α genes is not associated with the extended longevity phenotype.
Selenium nanoparticles formed by ion implantation into fused silica

Abstract Selenium ions were implanted into fused silica hosts at an energy of 330 keV at fluences of 1 × 10 16 , 3 × 10 16 , 6 × 10 16 and 1 × 10 17 ions/cm 2 . The samples containing 1 × 10 17 ions/cm 2 were annealed at 600, 800 and 1000°C for 1 h in a 5% H 2 + 95% Ar atmosphere. The electronic spectra of the as-implanted sample exhibited an absorption edge near 2.5 eV (550 nm) as compared to 1.95 for bulk trigonal or amorphous selenium. The absorption edge is shifted to the red as the samples were annealed at increasing temperatures. Infrared reflection measurements revealed a decrease in the reflectivity of a peak associated with the LO mode silica and is attributed to ion beam damage. A new peak was also observed near 1050 cm −1 for the as-implanted sample and is assigned to an Si–O-dangling bond vibration formed during ion implantation. This peak vanishes when the samples are annealed at 1000°C indicating that the Si–O–Si linkages have reformed. A redshift of the absorption edge that increases with ion dose and annealing temperature observed in the electronic spectra is attributed to quantum confinement of the photo-generated exciton. This observation is consistent with current models predicting quantum size effects in semiconductor nanocrystals.
Energy dependence of the elastic diffraction slopes

We have redetermined and compiled the diffraction-slope parameter B for π±p, K±p, pp, and pp, fitting the forward-elastic data from the literature to 1n dσ/dt = A + Bt +(Ct2). We then fit this compilation, together with the total-cross-section data, to a Regge model with a pomeron of slope ≈12 interfering with exchange-degenerate meson trajectories. Thus we account for the observation that the pomeron seems to dominate the exotic channels already at much lower energies than the resonant channels. In resonant regions our model provides only a duality-average description. To give a non-resonant account of the observed structure in the exotic channels just above pion-production threshold, we include cuts for the first quasi-two-body thresholds, and a diffraction-threshold factor for the pomeron amplitude. The cuts turn out to give non-resonant Argand circles. At Serpukhov energies, the gradual emergence of the pomeron from the onset of inelasticity provides a possible description of the Regge-anomalous σT data. Though we did not fit data above 70 GeV/c, our solution with a pomeron slope of 0.4 (GeV/c)−2 extrapolates reasonably well to the new ultra-high-energy CERN-ISR B(pp) data.
Random series and stochastic integrals:single and multiple

by S. Kwapien and W. A. Woyczynski, Birkhauser, Boston (1992), 341 pp., $74.50. ISBN 0-8176-3572-6
Corrections to the closure approximation for the optical potential

Target closure is a basic assumption made at the outset of many derivation of the standard optical potential. Using the formalism of Foldy and Walecka we show how the target dynamics, neglected in the closure approximation, can be incorporated into the scattering amplitude and the optical potential. To illustrate this procedure and to examine the nature of the nuclear effects, we evaluate the leading correction to the closure approximation by using a Fermi gas model for the nucleus. This simple picture is known to reproduce the major part of the nuclear response surface as observed in inelastic electron scattering.
Nucleon-nucleon potentials from Gel'fand-Levitan and Marchenko inversions.

Inverse scattering theory for the uncoupled channels of neutron-proton systems is developed from both the Gel'fand-Levitan and Marchenko fundamental equations. A most practical form of that theory is deduced by starting with a rational function representation of the phase shift data. By using Pad\'e approximants for the exponential function ${e}^{z}$, rational function representations for the scattering, Jost and spectral functions result. They facilitate accurate numerical solutions of both fundamental equations and from which local, energy-independent channel potentials are obtained. The Reid soft-core potential phase shifts when used as input data give potentials in excellent agreement with the original. Inversion potentials have also been generated by using as input empirical phase shifts and also those from the Paris and Bonn meson exchange interactions. Results are computed for the $^{1}\mathrm{S}_{0}$, $^{3}\mathrm{P}_{0}$, $^{3}\mathrm{P}_{1}$, $^{1}\mathrm{D}_{2}$, and $^{1}\mathrm{P}_{1}$ channels specifically and the potentials are transformed into central, tensor, spin-orbit, and quadratic spin-orbit radial form factors.
Identifying State Resources and Support Programs on E-Government Websites for Persons with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

This descriptive cross-sectional study identified resources and programs that are available nationwide on the Internet to support individuals and families with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), with a focus on intellectual disability. This evaluation included easily identifiable information on specific resources and highlighted unique programs found in individual states that were linked from e-government websites. Researchers documented the ease of access and available information for all 50 states and the District of Columbia. A number of disparities and areas for improvement were recorded for states and I/DD websites. The researchers conclude that a number of additional health and support services will be needed to address the growing needs of this vulnerable population.
Arabian Sea eddies promote seasonal phytoplankton blooms

In the Arabian Sea, two phytoplankton blooming periods occur each year, one during the winter northeast monsoon and one during the summer southwest monsoon. It has been established that on the large scale the spatial distribution of the seasonal blooms is driven by mesoscale structures, including eddies and filaments, but studies have not resolved the details linking the physical and biogeochemical processes involved. To improve understanding of mechanisms regulating blooms, Resplandy et al. studied the mesoscale process contribution to nutrient transport using a high-resolution physical circulation model. The model reproduces the seasonal phytoplankton blooms and shows how physical mesoscale processes such as eddies bring increased nutrient supply to the upper layer of the sea during monsoon seasons, thus promoting the growth of phytoplankton blooms twice a year. (Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, doi:10.1029/2011JC007006, 2011)
Networking local environmental groups in Germany: The rise and fall of the federal alliance of citizens' initiatives for environmental protection (BBU)

Abstract From the mid-1970s well into the 1980s, the Federal Alliance of Citizens' Initiatives for Environmental Protection (BBU) was one of Germany's most visible and influential environmental organisations, an unusual achievement for a network of local organisations. Lacking strong competitors, it was able to become a central movement organisation for Germany's rapidly growing anti-nuclear power and environmental movements. However, after institutionalisation of environmental concerns robbed the movement of some of its impetus, competing social movement organisations appeared, and government subsidies ended, familiar problems of grass-roots networks, which had plagued the BBU from the beginning, intensified. The resulting downward spiral cost the BBU most of its members and its prominence.
Does the Severity of Sinus Computed Tomography Findings Predict Outcome in Chronic Sinusitis

OBJECTIVES: We studied the association between the severity of pretreatment CT scan findings and the improvement in symptoms of chronic sinusitis after treatment.METHODS: We analyzed data from an o...
Definition of a black hole

TIPLER has given a new definition for a black hole1. These objects had previously been properly defined only in asymptotically flat spacetimes2, but it seems unlikely that our Universe is one of these. One of the well known properties of a black hole, proved in asymptotically flat spacetimes, is that its ‘surface area’ can never decrease. By means of this new definition Tipler has shown that this area theorem may well not be true in our Universe. However, Tipler's definition is complicated, and it is not obvious that it corresponds to our usual concept of a black hole. I show here that it is equivalent to a definition that is both simpler and more clearly a formalisation of what we mean by a black hole.
Conjugated Poly(phenylacetylene) Films Cross-Linked with Electropolymerized Polycarbazole Precursors

In this work, we describe the synthesis and electropolymerization of conjugated substituted polyacetylenes, poly(N-alkoxy-(p-ethynylphenyl)carbazole) or PPA-Cz-Cn with electropolymerizable carbazole side groups to form conjugated polymer network (CPN) films. The phenylacetylene monomer was functionalized with a carbazole group separated by an alkylene spacer. Polymerization of the monomer in solution is accomplished using a Rh catalyst to form a “precursor polymer”. The electrochemical behavior and cross-linking of the carbazole side group was then investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and spectroelectrochemistry. A trend in the redox electrochemical behavior was observed with varying alkyl spacer length between the poly(phenylacetylene) backbone and carbazole side-group. The resulting film combines the electrooptical properties of the conjugated poly(phenylacetylene) polymer with polycarbazole units in a cross-linked electropolymerized film as evidenced by the CV and spectroelectrochemical behavior. Th...
Hardware-in-the-loop testing of GM two-mode hybrid electric vehicle

This paper presents Hardware-in loop (HIL) testing for GM two-mode hybrid. First Modeling and simulation of GM two-mode hybrid using model based design (MBD) process is performed. HIL testing is performed using dSpace MicroAutoBox (MABX) and National Instruments PXI. The control strategy compiled code is uploaded to MABX using ControlDesk software and the corresponding plant model is transferred to PXI using NI Veristand software. This work is part of EcoCAR competition by the Texas Tech University. EcoCAR: The Next Challenge is a vehicle engineering competition organized by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and General Motors (GM).
A Class of (Pd–Ni–P) Electrocatalysts for the Ethanol Oxidation Reaction in Alkaline Media

A class of Pd–Ni–P electrocatalysts are prepared for the ethanol electrooxidation reaction (EOR). X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope reveal that the synthesized Pd–Ni–P catalyst possesses a more amorphous structure with smaller particle sizes when compared with a Pd–Ni sample without P and a control Pd black (Pd-blk) sample. The Pd–Ni–P catalyst contains double the number of electrocatalytically active sites (12.03%) compared with the Pd–Ni (6.04%) and Pd-blk (5.12%) samples. For the EOR, the Pd–Ni–P catalyst has the lowest onset potential (−0.88 V vs SCE), the most negative peak potential (−0.27 V vs SCE), and the highest EOR activity in 0.1 M KOH solution. Moreover, a 110 mV decrease in overpotential is observed for the EOR on the Pd–Ni–P catalyst compared with the Pd-blk catalyst. A Tafel slope of 60 mV/dec at low polarization potentials (<−0.76 V vs SCE) was obtained for EOR at a Pd–Ni–P-coated electrode with a reaction rate constant of 2.8 × 10–4 cm·S–1·M–1 at −0.3 V vs SCE in KOH...
DSD-Crasher: A hybrid analysis tool for bug finding

DSD-Crasher is a bug finding tool that follows a three-step approach to program analysis:D. Capture the program's intended execution behavior with dynamic invariant detection. The derived invariants exclude many unwanted values from the program's input domain.S. Statically analyze the program within the restricted input domain to explore many paths.D. Automatically generate test cases that focus on reproducing the predictions of the static analysis. Thereby confirmed results are feasible.This three-step approach yields benefits compared to past two-step combinations in the literature. In our evaluation with third-party applications, we demonstrate higher precision over tools that lack a dynamic step and higher efficiency over tools that lack a static step.
Location of a caldera source for the Soldier Meadow Tuff, northwestern Nevada, indicated by gravity and aeromagnetic data: Summary

The Soldier Meadow Tuff in north-western Nevada is part of a sequence of peralkaline and subalkaline rhyolitic rocks of Miocene age that occupies an area of about 1,600 km 2 and has a volume of about 50 km 3 . The formation is mostly welded tuff containing abundant alkali feldspar and quartz phenocrysts in devitrified groundmass containing minute needles of blue-green alkali amphibole. The rhyolite of Badger Mountain is similar in mineralogy and chemistry, but textures suggest that it is a flow rhyolite. The underlying rhyolite of Catnip Mountain and tuff of Trough Mountain are phenocryst-poor but apparently also peralkaline. Gravity and aeromagnetic anomaly maps show 16- by 24-km anomalies near Badger Mountain. An analysis of these maps suggests that observed anomalies could be caused by a concealed caldera of 2,700-m thickness filled with rocks 0.2 g/cm 3 less dense and 0***002 emu/cm 3 lower magnetic susceptibility than the surrounding rocks. Distribution of the Soldier Meadow Tuff and the occurrence of numerous vents in the rhyolite of Badger Mountain suggest that the source for both units is associated with the indicated caldera. Possible alternative sources are other calderas whose locations are suggested by a 7- by 11-km gravity minimum near Rock Spring Table and a 12- by 24-km magnetic minimum west of Soldier Meadow.
Racial Disparity in Duration of Patient Visits to the Emergency Department: Teaching Versus Non-teaching Hospitals.

Introduction: The sources of racial disparity in duration of patients’ visits to emergency departments (EDs) have not been documented well enough for policymakers to distinguish patient-related factors from hospital- or area-related factors. This study explores the racial disparity in duration of routine visits to EDs at teaching and non-teaching hospitals. Methods: We performed retrospective data analyses and multivariate regression analyses to investigate the racial disparity in duration of routine ED visits at teaching and non-teaching hospitals. The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Emergency Department Databases (SEDD) were used in the analyses. The data include 4.3 million routine ED visits encountered in Arizona, Massachusetts, and Utah during 2008. We computed duration for each visit by taking the difference between admission and discharge times. Results: The mean duration for a routine ED visit was 238 minutes at teaching hospitals and 175 minutes at non-teaching hospitals. There were significant variations in duration of routine ED visits across race groups at teaching and non-teaching hospitals. The risk-adjusted results show that the mean duration of routine ED visits for Black/African American and Asian patients when compared to visits for white patients was shorter by 10.0 and 3.4%, respectively, at teaching hospitals; and longer by 3.6 and 13.8%, respectively, at non-teaching hospitals. Hispanic patients, on average, experienced 8.7% longer ED stays when compared to white patients at non-teaching hospitals. Conclusion: There is significant racial disparity in the duration of routine ED visits, especially in non-teaching hospitals where non-White patients experience longer ED stays compared to white patients. The variation in duration of routine ED visits at teaching hospitals when compared to non-teaching hospitals was smaller across race groups. [West J Emerg Med. 2013;14(5):529–541.]
Prostate cancer detection with office based saturation biopsy in a repeat biopsy population

ABSTRACT Purpose: Patients at increased risk for prostate cancer with previously negative biopsies pose a diagnostic challenge. We have previously demonstrated that extensive saturation biopsy can be performed in an office setting. We now report the diagnostic yield of office saturation biopsy in patients at increased risk for prostate cancer and at least 1 negative prior biopsy. Materials and Methods: We performed saturation prostate biopsy with local anesthesia in the office in 116 patients with at least 1 prior negative biopsy and with certain risk factors, namely persistently elevated prostate specific antigen, abnormal digital rectal examination, or prior atypia or PIN on prior biopsy. Results: A total of 34 cancers were detected for an overall diagnostic yield of 29%. A 64% detection rate was noted when a patient had undergone a single prior sextant biopsy. Subgroup analysis revealed a cancer detection rate of 41% when only prior sextant biopsies were performed, and a 24% detection rate when 10 or more cores were taken on prior biopsy. The detection rate was 33% when only 1 prior biopsy was taken and it was 24% when 2 or more prior biopsies were performed. Conclusions: Saturation biopsy can be performed safely and effectively in the office with a significant diagnostic yield even in patients with previous extended biopsy schemes. We believe that it should be the next diagnostic step after an initial negative biopsy in patients in whom the diagnosis of prostate cancer is strongly suspected.
Identifying specific surgical tools and methods for laparoscopic colorectal operations in obese patients.

Laparoscopic operations for obese patients remain challenging due to technical difficulties at operation as well as higher comorbidities and high risk of postoperative complications. The aim of this study is to identify specific surgical tools and methods for laparoscopic colorectal operations for obese patients, applying knowledge of previous literature as well as our expertise in both laparoscopic and bariatric operations. Current knowledge of bariatric surgery is invaluable in establishing a “customized” approach for laparoscopic colorectal operations in obese patients. The instruments routinely used during surgery on patients with normal body mass index (BMI) should often be modified and substituted according to the patient’s BMI. We believe such an approach will prove beneficial to surgeons performing laparoscopic operations on obese patients.
The parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) knockout mouse shows delayed lung development. • 1583

The parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) knockout mouse shows delayed lung development. • 1583
AEC syndrome caused by a novel p63 mutation and demonstrating erythroderma followed by extensive depigmentation.

: We present an infant with AEC syndrome due to a novel TP63 mutation (F552S), who demonstrated neonatal erythroderma followed by extensive depigmentation. We are unaware of previous reports highlighting the extensive depigmentation present in our patient.
Children's patterns in mourning the death of a loved one.

Death impinges on us in different ways and at different times. Some of us were touched by it early on in our lives and have suffered hard-to-heal wounds and lasting tender scars. Others have encountered death repeatedly and may even now be in anguish, struggling to cope with dying or bereavement. And others yet are fortunate in having been granted a briefer or longer period in our lives when we can healthily deny the everpresent shadow of death. Absorbed in the business of living, we manage not be affected significantly by the evidence of death around us because it does not immediately befall ourselves or our loved ones. Such temporary disregard for death is then inevitably shattered when suddenly death comes very close and demands that we come to terms painfully in a new and different way. Over 20 years ago, this happened to our group of 14 child psychoanalysts at the Cleveland Center for Research in Child Development and Hanna Perkins Therapeutic School (1), and prompted us to embark on our research on ...
Early gene regulation by nerve growth factor in PC12 cells: induction of an interferon-related gene

Nerve growth factor (NGF) induces the chromaffin cell line PC12 to differentiate into cells with many of the properties of sympathetic neurons. We investigated the early differentiative phase and identified a gene, PC4, rapidly and transiently induced by NGF in PC12 cells. PC4 cDNA is homologous to the partial sequence of a putative mouse beta-interferon and encodes a protein related to a lymphokine, the rat gamma-interferon protein. Nonetheless, PC4 appears devoid of antiviral activity. PC4 is expressed in proliferating and differentiating tissues, such as amnion, placenta, and brain at embryonic day 13.5. The relationship of PC4 to interferons and lymphokines suggests that it could play a role in regulating gene activity in the pathways induced by NGF.
Stable sets in majority pillage games

A pillage game is a coalitional game in which any coalition can take all or part of the wealth of any less powerful coalition. Such an action is called pillage. In the majority pillage game, coalitional wealth contributes to coalitional power, but lexicographically less so than coalitional size. The majority pillage game refines the classic majority game in two respects. First, coalitional wealth can resolve ties in coalitional size. Second, a pillaging coalition need not contain a majority or even half of all of the players in the game. A majority of the players directly affected by the pillage, as winners or losers, is sufficient. This paper characterizes the stable sets of two and three-player games, and the symmetric (permutation invariant) stable sets of games with more than three players. For two or three players, the stable set is unique, and for any odd number of players, the symmetric stable set is unique and equal to the unique symmetric stable set for the classic majority game. If the number of players is even and at least four, no symmetric stable set exists.
Clinical presentation of congenital convex pes valgus

Congenital convex pes valgus, frequently termed vertical talus in past descriptions, is a malformed foot that requires early diagnosis and treatment. A brief review of clinical features and a case presentation are provided to enhance the understanding of this complex deformity. A successful treatment regimen for infants and children is described, involving manipulation and early surgical correction.
SiGe MOSFET structures on silicon-on-sapphire substrates grown by ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition

SiGe heterostructures on silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) substrates were investigated to determine the advantages of combining these two technologies. Devicequality epitaxial layer structures were grown by ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHV/CVD) on silicon-on-sapphire substrates having a very low density of microtwin defects. Enhancements in device performance comparable to similar SiGe devices on bulk Si substrates were achieved, even though significant interdiffusion of Si and Ge had occurred during device fabrication processes at T>850°C. These results emphasize the need for low temperature fabrication processes to fully exploit SiGe heterostructures for device applications.
Renormalization group theory of transport properties of polymer solutions. II. Rotatory friction coefficient vs intrinsic viscosity

The rotatory friction coefficient fr is calculated with the aid of the renormalization group theory. The present calculation shows that the ratio of fr to the intrinsic viscosity [η] depends on the excluded volume and the draining effects. The calculated ratio fr/[η] is about ∼5%–7% less than the conventional value which is obtained by using the preaveraging approximation of the Oseen tensor. The conventional value is independent of the excluded volume and draining effects.
Antigen activation of murine T cells induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a polypeptide associated with the T cell antigen receptor

The antigen receptor complex on murine MHC class II-restricted T cells consists of disulfide-linked alpha and beta chains noncovalently associated with four additional polypeptides, two that are endoglycosaminidase F-sensitive, gp26 and gp21, and two that are endoglycosaminidase F-resistant, p25 and p16. We demonstrate here that treatment of murine T cell hybridomas with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate results in phosphorylation of p25 and gp21 on serine residues. However, activation of cells by antigen results in the phosphorylation of the gp21 chain and a heretofore unidentified 21 kd protein. This newly defined polypeptide, p21, is specifically immunoprecipitated with the antigen receptor complex, is endoglycosaminidase F-resistant, and is itself part of a disulfide-linked molecule. Unlike antigen-induced phosphorylation of gp21, which occurs on serine residues, phosphorylation of p21 occurs uniquely on tyrosine residues.
Increased cardiac output elicits higher V̇O2max in response to self-paced exercise.

Recently, a self-paced protocol demonstrated higher maximal oxygen uptake versus the traditional ramp protocol. The primary aim of the current study was to further explore potential differences in ...
Clindamycin/Primaquine as Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia

The records of 206 patients with advanced infection due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 who were receiving prophylaxis with clindamycin/primaquine (C/P), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), or dapsone to prevent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) were retrospectively examined. Two hundred sixty-two patient-years of prophylaxis were accrued (176.2 of TMP-SMZ, 63.4 of dapsone, and 22.8 of C/P). The rates of PCP in the TMP-SMZ, dapsone, and C/P groups were 3.4, 11.0, and 30.7 per 100 patient-years, respectively. Pairwise comparisons showed C/P to be less effective than TMP-SMZ (relative risk [RR], 9.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.03-26.83). A similar trend was apparent for C/P vs. dapsone (RR, 2.78; 95% CI, 0.98-7.93). When only those receiving primary prophylaxis were analyzed, C/P recipients remained at greater risk than TMP-SMZ recipients (RR, 13.19; 95% CI, 3.54-49.12) and dapsone recipients (RR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.12-13.31). Failure of C/P prophylaxis could be due, at least in part, to underdosing (clindamycin, 300 mg/d; primaquine, 15 mg/d). C/P recipients had more nonspecific diarrhea than did TMP-SMZ recipients (RR, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.61-5.55).
Starting lower and falling slower: rate of change of anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) in cancer survivors

after thawing was 94.1% (272/289). The survival rate in the artificial shrinkage groupwas higher comparedwith the control group but not significantly: 98.1% (104/106) and 91.8% (168/183) respectively (e1⁄40.80, p1⁄40.42). CONCLUSION: This study reveals that artificial shrinkage of blastocoelic cavity by laser pulse before vitrification in a closed carrier device improves clinical pregnancy rate after warming. This is the first work assessing the benefit of induced collapse in a closed vitrification system. Further studies are needed to ensure the efficiency of this technique. Supported by: Ferring.
Large clusters of α7‐containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on chick spinal cord neurons

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing the α7 gene product are widely expressed in the nervous system and have high calcium permeabilities that allow them to influence numerous calcium-dependent processes. Though often found at presynaptic locations, where they enhance transmitter release, the receptors can also occupy postsynaptic sites. Highest levels have been reported for chick ciliary ganglion neurons, where the postsynaptic receptors are concentrated on somatic spines arranged in clumps and appear as large receptor clusters. We show here that subpopulations of chick spinal cord neurons also express high levels of α7-containing receptors and arrange them in large clusters. The populations include peripheral motoneurons, presumptive preganglionic neurons, neurons adjacent to the lateral motor column, and possible interneurons in the ventral horn. In many cases, the receptor clusters codistribute with filamentous actin, as do clusters on ciliary ganglion neurons, where the actin represents a somatic spine constituent. In other respects, the spinal cord clusters differ. Those on motoneurons codistribute with the actin-associated component drebrin, as do the clusters on ciliary ganglion neurons, but the clusters on preganglionic neurons do not. Preganglionic neurons do, however, stain for lipid raft components as found for ciliary ganglion neurons, where the rafts embed the receptor-enriched spines. The results demonstrate that CNS neurons can configure α7-containing nicotinic receptors into large clusters but also suggest that the clusters are not likely to reflect a common molecular substructure on all neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 465:195–204, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.