cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intertextuality and Dialogue

The Bible, both Jewish and Christian, is a dialogical literature. It is a compilation of many different human expressions of and responses to divine revelations over fifteen hundred years from the Bronze Age to the Greco-Roman. The Bible is also very intertextual; it is full of itself. From the earliest literary forms to the latest, earlier traditions and texts, national and international, are interwoven developing new meanings out of old ideas. Critically trained rabbis and pastors in all the major seminaries know these things about the Bible but do not always share them with their parishioners. Intense interest in the Dead Sea Scrolls has brought such critical issues out into the open, even as serious study of the Scrolls has confirmed critical readings of the Bible. How can the Scriptures of Early Judaism give rise to two such distinct religions as Rabbinic Judaism and Christianity? The Bible, one testament or two, in effect mandates dialogue between the two similar but disparate faiths if either is in...
Subharmonically pumped THz mixers employing resonant metal mesh bandpass filters

The performance of receivers incorporating subharmonically pumped mixers is presented over the signal frequency (RF) range of 585 GHz to 2.1 Thz. The mixers employ whisker contacted Schottky barrier diodes in corner cubes. Free standing resonant metal mesh bandpass filters are used to suppress fundamental mode mixing by blocking signals at fLO +/- fIF while allowing second harmonic mixing by passing radiation at 2fLO +/- fIF. The spectral performance of the mesh filters is presented and fabrication techniques are briefly discussed. Comparisons are made to similar fundamental mode mixers.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Gender Differences in the Regulation of Blood Pressure

Men are at greater risk for cardiovascular and renal disease than are age-matched, premenopausal women. Recent studies using the technique of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring have shown that blood pressure is higher in men than in women at similar ages. After menopause, however, blood pressure increases in women to levels even higher than in men. Hormone replacement therapy in most cases does not significantly reduce blood pressure in postmenopausal women, suggesting that the loss of estrogens may not be the only component involved in the higher blood pressure in women after menopause. In contrast, androgens may decrease only slightly, if at all, in postmenopausal women. In this review the possible mechanisms by which androgens may increase blood pressure are discussed. Findings in animal studies show that there is a blunting of the pressure-natriuresis relationship in male spontaneously hypertensive rats and in ovariectomized female spontaneously hypertensive rats treated chronically with testosterone. The key factor in controlling the pressure-natriuresis relationship is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The possibility that androgens increase blood pressure via the RAS is explored, and the possibility that the RAS also promotes oxidative stress leading to production of vasoconstrictor substances and reduction in nitric oxide availability is proposed.
Staurosporine effects calcium homeostasis in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells

Abstract These studies show that the potent, non-specific, protein kinase inhibitor, staurosporine, disrupts Ca2+ homeostasis in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Staurosporine treatment reduces basal and A23187-stimulated catecholamine releases from chromaffin cells, but does not inhibit activated Ca2+ influx. Furthermore, pretreatment with staurosporine also reduces Ca2+-stimulated catecholamine release from digitonin-permeabilized cells ( t 1 2 , 40.6 min; IC50, 66.0 nm). However, staurosporine does not inhibit the rise in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in response to nicotine stimulation as measured by fura-2 photometry. These studies demonstrate that staurosporine interferes with the secretory process at some step at or after the rise in [Ca2+]i in adrenal chromaffin cells. Examination of the effects of staurosporine on 45Ca2+ movement shows that staurosporine produces a slowly developing basal 45Ca2+ accumulation; after 30 min no significant change is observed, but by 120 min, 45Ca2+ accumulation is increased by 29.5%. Thapsigargin and 2,5-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone (tBHQ), inhibitors of Ca2+ ATPases, were used to determine whether staurosporine induced 45Ca2+ accumulation results from sequestration of 45Ca2+ within intracellular stores. While thapsigargin has no significant effect, concomitant treatment with tBHQ prevents the increase in 45Ca2+ uptake associated with staurosporine treatment. Therefore, the tBHQ-sensitive Ca2+ store, but not the thapsigargin/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate-sensitive Ca2+ store, appears to be staurosporine-sensitive. Overall, these studies indicate that staurosporine reduces catecholamine release by interfering with Ca2+ homeostasis. Furthermore, this work suggests that a staurosporine-sensitive phosphoprotein(s) is involved with the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.
One-bone forearm fusion for pediatric supination contracture due to neurologic deficit

The purpose of this study was to review the construction of a one-bone forearm performed to change the position of the forearm in children with fixed supination deformity due to upper extremity neurologic deficit. The one-bone forearm arthrodesis has been previously described in treating trauma, tumors, infection, and congenital deformities. It has not been described to improve forearm position in neurologically impaired upper extremities. We retrospectively evaluated 6 pediatric patients with upper extremity weakness and severe supination contracture who underwent forearm arthrodesis in neutral or slight pronation. Five patients achieved fusion, and 1 patient had an atrophic nonunion (17% nonunion rate). Average follow-up was 6 years 6 months (range 1 year 9 months to 11 years 2 months), and all patients were satisfied with their new forearm position.
Administration of ATP-MgCl2after Trauma–;Hemorrhage and Resuscitation Restores the Depressed Cardiac Performance

Although adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-MgCl 2 has been shown to improve cardiac performance under normal and postischemic conditions, it is not known whether this agent has any salutary effects on cardiac performance following trauma-hemorrhage and crystalloid resuscitation. To determine this, rats underwent laparotomy (i.e., trauma induction) and were bled to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg until 40% of the maximum shed blood volume was returned in the form of Ringer's lactate. The animals were then resuscitated with four times the volume of shed blood using Ringer's lactate over 60 min and received either ATP-MgCl 2 (50 μmole/kg body wt) in 1 ml volume or an equivalent volume of normal saline intravenously over 95 min. Maximum dP/dt during contraction as well as relaxation (±dP/dt max ) and ventricular peak systolic pressure (VPSP) were determined 15 min prior to the end of resuscitation and every 30 min thereafter for 4 hr after the completion of resuscitation. The results indicate that both -dP/ dt max and +dP/dt max decreased significantly beginning at 0 and 2 hr after the completion of resuscitation, respectively, and remained depressed throughout the duration of the study in saline-treated animals. In addition, VPSP was significantly depressed at 2-4 hr after resuscitation. Treatment with ATP-MgCl 2 , however, restored these parameters. Moreover, the depressed heart rate was also restored following ATP-MgCl 2 administration. Since ATP-MgCl 2 restores various left ventricular performance parameters, this agent appears to be a promising adjunct for improving cardiac function after trauma and hemorrhage, even in the absence of blood resuscitation.
Fluoride Inhibition of Respiration and Fermentation in Cultured Cells of Acer pseudoplatanus

Low concentrations of sodium fluoride severely inhibit anaerobic CO2 evolution in Acer pseadoplatanus L. cells but have relatively little effect on aerobic respiration. The insensitivity of respiratory O2 uptake to fluoride is due in part to the fact that fluoride reduces the intracellular pyruvate concentration to only a relatively minor extent under aerobic conditions, although it prevents the several fold increase in endogenous private which is normally brought about by anoxia. The respiratory insensitivity is also ascribable to the existence of a respiratory component which is unaffected by the decrease in endogenous private resulting from fluoride treatment. The extremely severe respiratory inhibition brought about by fluoride plus dinitrophenol is not appreciably relieved by exogenous private, indicating that this inhibition is the result of interference with the aerobic oxidation process per se and is not solely a consequence of glycolytic inhibition.
Some experiments on sulfur as inhibitor for the polymerization of styrene

The rate of thermal polymerization of styrene in the presence of sulfur has been followed viscometrically and dilatometrically and the product has been examined as to its molecular weight, content of total and mercury-extractable sulfur, and its effect on the polymerization of fresh styrene. Polymer isolated during the inhibition period by methanol precipitation contains close to eight atoms of sulfur per molecule of polymer, and these sulfur atoms are so located that complete desulforization by Raney nickel reduces the molecular weight of the polymer by not more than a factor of 2–3. The number of sulfur atoms per molecule decreases during the progress of the polymerization. The polysulfides formed at first are inhibitors, as in the case of vinyl acetate polymerization. As the size of the polysulfide units and the inhibitory power decrease, the activity of the polysulfides as chain transfer agents persists and there appears a mild initiatory reaction such that the eventual rate of polymerization is almost twice the normal thermal rate. This acceleration can be produced by adding the precipitated polymer from a sulfur-inhibited polymerization to fresh styrene. Judged by the composition of the methanol-insoluble polymer, the inhibitory constant (kt/kp) of sulfur for styrene is of the order of 52. During the first 24 hours of a sulfurinhibited polymerization at 80–89° sulfur molecules were consumed 22 times as fast as the presumed rate of thermal initiation of pairs of polymerization chains. One-third of this sulfur was in polymer of too high molecular weight to be the result of diradical initiation intercepted by sulfur. The mechanisms involved are discussed.
Interaction between stretch of residues 633-642 (actin binding site) and nucleotide binding site on skeletal myosin subfragment 1 heavy chain.

Using a complementary sequence or antipeptide to selectively neutralize the stretch of residues 633-642 of skeletal myosin heavy chain, we recently demonstrated that this segment is an actin binding site operating in the absence as in the presence of nucleotide and that this stretch 633-642 is not part of the nucleotide binding site [Chaussepied & Morales (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 7471-7475]. In the present study, we determined that the covalent cross-linking of the antipeptide to the stretch 633-642 [induced by 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide] does not alter the overall polypeptide conformation since no changes were observed on the far-ultraviolet CD spectra and thiol reactivity measurements. The presence of the antipeptide did not influence significantly the enhancement of tryptophan fluorescence induced by ATP.Mg2+ or ADP.Mg2+ binding to the myosin head (S1) nor did it on the ATP.Mg2+-induced tryptic proteolysis of S1 heavy chain. Moreover, fluorescence quenching studies, using acrylamide and the analogue, 1,N6-ethenoadenosine 5'-triphosphate, indicated that the nucleotide bound to antipeptide-S1 complex has an accessibility to the solute quencher close to that observed when it is bound to native S1. Additionally, neutralization of the stretch 633-642 of the S1 heavy chain by the antipeptide did not influence the stabilization of the Mg2+.ADP.sodium vanadate-S1 complex. On the other hand, experiments using antipeptide-induced protection against the cleavage of the S1 heavy chain by Arg-C protease demonstrated that the presence of Mg2+.ADP.sodium vanadate in the S1 nucleotide site did not affect the interaction of the antipeptide with the stretch of residues 633-642.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Practice of Prelacteal Feeding to Newborns Among Hindu and Muslim Families

A 21-year-old gravida 2, para 1001 female at 39 weeks and 4/7 days gestation was admitted to the labor and birth unit in active labor. She moved to the United States from Pakistan during the last 2 months of her pregnancy. She is a practicing Muslim. Her sister-in-law accompanied her. She had an uncomplicated antenatal course, except for iron deficiency anemia (at admission, her hemoglobin was 9.40 g/dl and hematocrit was 29.1%). She had an epidural anesthetic for pain relief. Her first stage of labor was 9 hours, her second stage was 5 minutes, and her third stage was 15 minutes. The baby was born over an intact perineum with Apgar scores of 9 and 9, respectively, and weighed 3,095 g. The baby was placed on the mother's abdomen, and once cleaned and wrapped in a blanket on the infant warmer, the baby was held by the mother. When asked her infant feeding preferences, the mother expressed eagerness to breastfeed. However, before initiation of breastfeeding, the sister-in-law asked the midwife permission to feed the baby a sweet (a drop of brown sugar). The sister-in-law explained that it was customary in Muslim families that “the first thing to touch the baby's mouth should be something sweet.” After the midwife agreed, the sister-in-law said a prayer. As requested by the mother, the baby was fed the drop of sweet. Breastfeeding was initiated within an hour postpartum. She reported exclusively breastfeeding from her birth until her 6-week postpartum visit.
The evaluation of strategic information system planning

Abstract The potential to obtain substantial benefits from IS planning, as well as the problems encountered in the planning process, have made the evaluation of IS planning an important issue for both researchers and practioners. A conceptual planning model, which identifies the various components and links of the IS planning system, is used as a framework for evaluation. To validate the framework, a research model is developed and empirically validated using data collected from a survey of planning practices in organization. The results show that information inputs and planning resources are significantly related to the quality of the IS planning process, and quality of integration mechanisms moderates the relationship between information input and the quality of the planning process. Also, the quality of the planning process and quality of implementation mechanisms are significantly associated with performance.
Wildfire Wally: a volunteer computing game

Online casual games can be used to significantly enhance the productivity of volunteer computing. We call games which perform volunteer computing volunteer computing games. We introduce Wildfire Wally, a volunteer computing game capable of solving the maximum clique problem.
Variation of Turbulence with Altitude to 70,000 ft

The ratio of turbulent to total flight miles has been determined for altitudes up to 65,000 ft by comparing various turbulence data collection programs (e.g., ALLCAT, NASA, NATO, RAE, etc.). An evaluation was made of the criteria used to distinguish turbulence from smooth flight. Results can be used to update currently accepted models of turbulence variation with altitude. The percentage of flight miles with turbulence was found to be near 5% for the entire altitude range between 15,000 and 40,000 ft. Turbulence frequency increased below 15,000 ft, gradually down to 10,000 ft but markedly below 5,000 ft, and decreased above 40,000 ft, dropping to 1% near 65,000 ft. Terrain roughness had a pronounced effect on increasing both amount and intensity of turbulence at all altitudes. At low altitudes (below 1,000 ft) moderate or greater turbulence was up to 13 times more frequent over high mountains than over flat terrain and at least 3 times more frequent above 45,000 ft. The frequency of turbulence was re-evaluated for the HICAT program by careful examination of true gust velocity time histories. The ratio of turbulent to total flight miles was only 70% of the value previously arrived at in the HICAT program (only 33% for moderate and greater turbulence) when "smooth" and low-intensity portions of the turbulent encounters were properly identified.
Anabolic–androgenic steroid dependence? Insights from animals and humans

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are drugs of abuse. They are taken in large quantities by athletes and others to increase performance, with negative health consequences. As a result, in 1991 testosterone and related AAS were declared controlled substances. However, the relative abuse and dependence liability of AAS have not been fully characterized. In humans, it is difficult to separate the direct psychoactive effects of AAS from reinforcement due to their systemic anabolic effects. However, using conditioned place preference and self-administration, studies in animals have demonstrated that AAS are reinforcing in a context where athletic performance is irrelevant. Furthermore, AAS share brain sites of action and neurotransmitter systems in common with other drugs of abuse. In particular, recent evidence links AAS with opioids. In humans, AAS abuse is associated with prescription opioid use. In animals, AAS overdose produces symptoms resembling opioid overdose, and AAS modify the activity of the endogenous opioid system.
Some tips on slide-making and electronic presentation.

CURRENT SURGERY • © 2002 by the Association of Program D Published by Elsevier Science Inc. 106 of us with gray (or no) hair will remember making 35-mm slides using a typewriter (a primitive mechanical device once used to produce documents), a copy-stand, and a 35-mm camera. If you had the film developed using “reverse-process,” you got lovely white on blue slides, provided you had a fresh ribbon in the typewriter.
Repositioning Ideology Critique in a Critical Theory of Adult Learning

Contemporary adult educational readings of the Frankfurt School of critical theory, as interpreted via Habermas, risk sliding into an exclusive engagement with the pragmatic dimensions of his thought to the exclusion of its Marxist underpinnings and its concern with ideology critique. Building on Max Horkheimer's recently republished essay on "Traditional and Critical Theory," this article attempts to reposition ideology critique as a learning process crucial to the realization of adulthood. It discusses critical theory as a response to Marx and argues that a critical theory of adult learning should focus on how adults learn to recognize and challenge ideological domination and manipulation. Such learning is necessary if adults are to counteract the continuous reproduction of blatantly unequal structures and create more inclusive democratic arrangements. The article concludes with a warning for critical theory to be on guard against its own ossification and entombment by engaging with the pragmatist spirit.
Does Providing Onsite Immediate Access to Electronic Resources Using a Laptop and Wireless Network Improve Resident Participation in Morning Report

ABSTRACT Since 2003, librarians have attended Morning Report twice weekly, conducting searches related to the case presented. Over the years, several formats have been used and refined. In one, a house officer was assigned to work with the librarians in the library to find two papers that answered one question related to the assigned case. Because the ability of house officers to come to the library varied greatly, the feasibility of providing a laptop in the Internal Medicine conference room where the cases were presented was explored. This project involved providing a laptop computer using a wireless network to Internal Medicine residents immediately at the conclusion of Morning Report.
Political business cycles, democratization, and economic reform: the case of Africa

Abstract This paper presents cross-country evidence that political business cycles are alive and well in the nascent democracies of the developing world. Africa provides fertile ground for the study of political business cycles. This paper uncovers systematic electorally timed interventions in five monetary and four fiscal policy variables in a panel of African countries. These findings are consistent with the predictions of rational opportunistic political business cycle theory. If Africa's increasingly frequent elections are associated with reversals of fiscal and monetary policy reform, there is a potential conflict between political and economic reform.
Gene therapy and solid-organ transplantation

Gene therapy and solid-organ transplantation. Recent developments in transplantation medicine improved the short- and long-term survival of solid-organ transplantation. However, chronic allograft rejection, the side effects of the long-term immunosuppressive treatment, and organ shortage are still the major obstacles to achieving long-term survival. Gene therapy has the potential to meet these challenges and has unique advantages in transplantation. In this review we summarize the studies using gene therapy in solid-organ transplantation.
Instrumentation of a conventional hardness tester for load-displacement measurement during indentation

A conventional microhardness tester has been instrumented with a piezoelectric load cell and capacitance displacement gages to measure load and displacement during indentation. As in other recently-developed load and displacing sensing indentation instruments, the new device can be used to measure a variety of mechanical properties, but has the advantage of being relatively inexpensive to assemble since many of its components are standard equipment. Tests were performed on soda-lime glass and an aluminum alloy, demonstrating the diversity of material elastic-plastic responses under indentation, particularly in the unloading cycle. The data suggest that models of elastic unloading based on invariant indenter-surface contact area may not be general, and may lead to underestimates of hardness and modulus.
Experimental study of upward flame spread of an inclined fuel surface

A thermally thick slab of polymethyl methacrylate was used to study the effects of the inclination angle of a fuel surface on upward flame spread. While investigation of upward spread over solid fuels has typically been restricted to an upright orientation, inclination of the fuel surface from the vertical is a common occurrence that has not yet been adequately addressed. By performing experiments on 10 cm wide by 20 cm tall fuel samples it was found that the maximum flame-spread rate, occurring nearly in a vertical configuration, does not correspond to the maximum fuel mass-loss rate, which occurs closer to a horizontal configuration. A detailed study of both flame spread and steady burning at different angles of inclination revealed the influence of buoyancy-induced flows in modifying heat-flux profiles ahead of the flame front, which control flame spread, and in affecting the heat flux to the burning surface of the fuel, which controls fuel mass-loss rates.
Preparation and separation properties of silicalite composite membranes

Silicalite-alumina composite membranes were prepared by an in situ zeolite synthesis method using an alumina membrane tube with a 5-nm pore diameter, γ-alumina layer as a substrate. Single gas permeances of H2, Ar, n-C4H10, i-C4H10, and SF6 were measured and mixtures of H2i-C4H10 and H2SF6 were separated to characterize the silicalite membrane. These measurements were made from 300 to 737 K, and are compared to an alumina membrane without a silicalite layer. Permeances were lower in the silicalite membrane (a factor of 8 for Ar at 298 K). Permeances for the alumina membrane decreased as the temperature increased, and separation selectivities were lower than values expected for Knudsen diffusion. Transport through the alumina membrane was by Knudsen flow and surface diffusion. The silicalite membrane showed dramatically different behavior, and transport appeared to be controlled by molecular size and adsorption properties. Permeances of all components studied were activated in the silicalite membrane, and activation energies ranged from 8.5 to 16.2 kJ/mol. The ratio of single gas permeances was as high as 136 for H2 to SF6 and 1100 for H2 to i-C4H10 at 298 K. Separation selectivities at elevated temperatures were significantly above Knudsen diffusion selectivity for the silicalite membrane and were larger than ratios of pure gas permeances at the same temperature. The largest permeance ratio for the separation of mixtures was 12.8 for H2SF6 at 583 K. Separation selectivities for both membranes were higher when a pressure drop was maintained across the membrane than when an inert sweep gas was used because of counter diffusion of the sweep gas.
A poisson equation for vibrational potentials of diatomic molecules

A Poisson equation for nuclear motions in diatomic molecules is derived. The working formula is whereV α 2 is the Laplacian operator for the position of nucleusα, W is the Born-Oppenheimer molecular energy, is the atomic number ofα, and ϱ β (α) is the electronic charge density evaluated atα due to orbitals centered onβ. Harmonic, anharmonic and quartic equilibrium force constants are calculated using Hartree-Fock molecular and atomic electronic charge densities, for a number of first and second row diatomic molecules. A charge-model field gradient formula for harmonic force constants $$k_e = {3 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {3 {R_e^3 ,}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {R_e^3 ,}}$$ wherek e is the force constant andR e the equilibrium internuclear distance, which offers general improvement over a similar formula due to Bratoz, is presented.
Novel extra-accurate method for two-sided alignment on silicon wafers

Abstract An accurate method for double-sided alignments with less than 2 μm error across a 4 in silicon wafer is devised and demonstrated. In this method, only alignment marks on the front side of the wafer are required and formed in a low-stress insulating layer. This insulating layer with the alignment marks is later bulk-micromachined into a free-standing diaphragm with a cavity underneath it. This cavity in our design is etched through the whole wafer so the front-side alignment marks are visible from the back side. This allows visual alignment from both sides of the wafer, so better than 2 μm alignment accuracy is achieved from our GCA 4800 stepper.
Bioassay of EDRF from internal mammary arteries: Implications for early and late bypass graft patency

Abstract To study the basal, luminal release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, 35-mm segments of canine internal mammary artery (IMA) were cannulated and perfused at 5 mL/min in vitro with physiological salt solution. Vasoactive properties of the effluent were bioassayed on coronary artery smooth muscle. Effluent from IMAs produced significant vasodilation of the bioassay ring compared with effluent from a prosthetic conduit (n = 24; p N G -monomethyl-l-arginine or N G -nitro-l-arginine, two competitive inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis from l-arginine; vasodilation was not influenced by treatment with indomethacin. In 83% of the superfusion experiments, effluent from the left IMA induced greater relaxation of the bioassay ring than did effluent from the right IMA. In addition, the average vasodilation induced by left IMA effluent was 28% ± 2.3% versus 17.4% ± 3.1% for the right (n = 24; p
TOLUCA-3, A NEWLY RECOGNIZED ENTEROVIRUS.

Discussion and summaryThe data presented indicate that Toluca-3 virus has properties characteristic of the enteroviruses but that it is antigenically distinct from all previously described serotypes. Despite the absence of generally accepted definitions of the polioviruses, Coxsackie viruses, and ECHO viruses (4) this agent has been designated tentatively as the prototype strain of ECHO type 33 by the Panel for Picornaviruses of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Tunable THz absorption using Al/SiO x planar periodic structures

To increase the sensitivity of uncooled microbolometer-based THz imagers, absorbing structures (metamaterial films) with resonant absorption that can be tuned to a QCL illuminator frequency are investigated. The metamaterial films are comprised of periodic arrays of aluminum (Al) squares and an Al ground plane separated by a thin silicon-rich silicon oxide (SiOx) dielectric film. Finite element simulations were performed by varying the structural parameters to establish the design criteria for high absorption, spectral tunability and bandwidth. Several structures with single band and multiband absorption characteristics were fabricated. Measured absorption spectra show absorption up to 100% at designed THz frequencies and the spectral characteristics agree with simulations.© (2012) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Divine freedom and creaturely suffering in process theology: A critical appraisal

The suffering of creatures experienced throughout evolutionary history provides some conceptual difficulties for theists who maintain that God is an all-good loving creator who chose to employ the processes associated with evolution to bring about life on this planet. Some theists vexed by this and other problems posed by the interface between religion and science have turned to process theology which provides a picture of a God who is dependent upon creation and unable to unilaterally intervene in the affairs of the world and avert suffering. In the present paper I seek to critique process theism, focusing on divine action and the aforementioned problem posed by evolutionary suffering. I show that the promise of a more compelling account of a loving God who suffers with creation advanced by the process theist is illusory. Rather, the process God is less dynamic than promised. And on such an account the freedom of both God and the world are significantly more circumscribed than one may find in other forms of theism.
Tendon Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma for Repair of Injured Tendons

Tendon injuries, including acute tendon injuries and tendinopathy, are common in both occupational and athletic settings. However, current treatments for tendon injury are largely ineffective, as they cannot restore normal structure and function to injured tendons. This challenge mainly stems from our incomplete understanding of tendon cell properties and responses to biomechanical and biochemical environments surrounding the cells. In recent years, however, significant progress has been made on two fronts. First, tendon stem cells (TSCs) have been recently identified. The tendon-specific stem cells can self-renew and posses multi-differentiation potential and as such, may be used to repair injured tendons more effectively. Second, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has now been widely used in orthopaedics and sports medicine to treat injured tendons. In this presentation, I will present data on TSCs, in terms of their differential properties with respect to tenocytes and their differential mechano-responses when subjected to small and large mechanical loading conditions. I will also discuss the basic scientific studies on PRP regarding its effects on TSCs, particularly on their differentiation, which is a critical issue related to the safety and efficacy of PRP treatment in clinics (Fig. 1).Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The spectral variability of kieserite (MgSO4·H2O) with temperature and grain size and its application to the Martian surface

We spectrally characterize (λ = 0.35–10 µm) the low-humidity polymorph of kieserite (MgSO4·H2O), which is abundant on Mars and likely present on Europa, at various grain sizes and temperatures (100–300 K) relevant to the surfaces of Mars and Europa. Compositional analysis of these surfaces often relies on remote sensing using imaging spectrometers such as Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM), Mars Express Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activite, and Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer. To estimate surface abundances from these observations, well-characterized laboratory spectra are required for comparison. Several variables, including temperature and grain size, affect the observed spectra and must be quantified in the laboratory to more confidently evaluate the returned data. Certain spectral features of kieserite exhibit predictable variability with changes in temperature and grain size that may be exploited to better understand the nature of kieserite on the surface of Mars. For instance, trends in our spectral analysis suggest that absorption features centered at λ 3.0 µm were additionally sensitive to grain size changes. We compare our laboratory spectra with selected CRISM data of suspected Martian kieserite and assess the inherent uncertainty that exists in using band center minima to determine surface composition. Incorporation of these temperature and grain size-specific spectra into linear mixture models of planetary surface spectra will improve the compositional interpretation and contribute to our understanding of surface geochemistry and chemical evolution.
Parental Machiavellianism and Children's Cheating in Japan:

An attempt was made to clarify the developmental aspect of Machiavellianism. Two different types of social learning were considered, one involving "competition" and the other, "transmission" via modeling and teaching. With cheating in a game as a measure of the preschooler's manipulative tendency, two hypotheses were tested: (1) first and only children of low Mach mothers from simple nuclear families will cheat more than those of high Mach mothers; and (2) first and only children of parents who are both high Machs in simple nuclear families will show the least amount of cheating. Both hypotheses were confirmed. The study raised a very interesting suggestion that the nonobvious process of "competition" may override the often overly emphasized process of "transmission."
Zerovalent metal phosphite complexes. Synthesis of RE2 [P (OCH3)3]10

Reaction of rhenium pentachloride and pyridine with potassium - potassium iodide followed by a heating of the nonvolatile reduction residue with trimethyl phosphite gave Re2 [P(OCH3)3]10. A minor co-product was HRe [P (OCH3)3]5 which presumably was generated from a radical intermediate like Re [P (OCH3)3]4 or 5 by a hydrogen atom abstraction from the organic reagents. Both Re2 [P(OCH3)3]10 and HRe [P(COH3)3]5 exhibited a nearly first order AB431P{1H} NMR spectrum. Neither complex showed the extreme photosensitivity (photodissociation of phosphite ligand) shown by W [P(OCH3)3]6 but the dimer was easily converted to the hydride by reaction with hydrogen.
Theory of molecule-surface scattering at thermal and hyperthermal energies.

A theoretical model of molecule-surface scattering is developed which includes energy and momentum transfers between the surface and projectile for both translational and rotational motions and internal mode excitation for the projectile molecule. The translation and rotation motions are treated in the classical limit, while a quantum treatment for internal vibrational mode excitation is used. The results of calculations are compared with recent high-precision measurements of the scattering of a beam of C2H2 molecules from a clean, ordered LiF(001) surface at energies of up to nearly 1 eV. The calculated results for angular distributions and rotational excitations are in good agreement with experiment. Measurements of the intensities of molecules scattered from surfaces reveal features of the interaction potential such as mechanisms for energy transfer which include exchange of phonons, rotational excitations, and excitation of internal molecular modes [1]. Such measurements also provide information about trapping and sticking, processes that eventually can lead to chemisorption and surface chemical reactions. Molecular beam scattering is not so highly developed as atom-surface scattering where, in particular, helium atom scattering has emerged as a major tool for microscopic surface diagnostics [2]. However, extensive work has been carried out, primarily involving NO [3] or other diatomic molecules such as CO, HF, HCl, H2, and N2 [4,5]. Relatively few larger molecular projectiles have been investigated, but several important examples are CO2 ,S F 6 ,N H 3, and CH4 [4]. To obtain the maximum information from a molecular scattering experiment requires measurements using an incident molecular beam with a well-defined initial state for which the translational, rotational, and internal states are known, and then after collision measuring the probability of transition to an equally well-defined final state. This work is motivated by a series of new experiments using a novel measuring technique capable of obtaining complete state-to-state scattering information for a large class of small molecules [1,6,7]. These experiments consist of multiple-pass laser illumination of both the incident and scattered projectile beams, and when combined with time-of-flight analysis, allow for determination of the complete translational, rotational, and internal vibrational state of the molecular projectile. Initial experiments have been carried out on the small polyatomic molecules C2H2 [1,7] and CH4 [6]. The purpose of this Letter is to develop a scattering theory that includes linear momentum and angular momentum transfer between the molecular projectile and surface as well as excitation of internal molecular modes.
Problems in the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Leukemia in Childhood Comments Based on a Survey of 100 Recent Patients

The early recognition of leukemia rests on a heightened awareness of the possibility of this disease in children with obscure symptoms. Once suspected, confirmation of the diagnosis is not difficult. The natural history of the disease has altered considerably in the past ten years due, in large part, to the increased survival. Problems of infection and localized collections of leukemic cells are now of major importance when trying to support patients in relapse.
3-Phosphoglycerate kinase: a glycolytic enzyme protein present in the cell wall of Candida albicans

We have used a polyclonal antiserum to cell wall proteins of Candida albicans to isolate several clones from a cDNA λgt11 expression library. Affinity-purified antibody prepared to the fusion protein of one clone identified a 40 kDa moiety present in cell wall extracts from both morphologies of the organism. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated expression of this moiety at the C. albicans cell surface. Sequencing of a pBluescript II genomic clone identified with the cDNA clone revealed an open reading frame for a 417 amino acid protein. The nucleotide sequence showed significant homology with 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) genes, with 88%, 77% and 76% nucleotide homology with the PGK genes from Candida maltosa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence was consistent with this identification of the sequence as PGK1 of C. albicans. This finding was confirmed by a positive immunological response of a commercially available purified PGK from S. cerevisiae with the affinity-purified antibody against the fusion protein of the cDNA clone. The presence of PGK in the cell wall was confirmed by two additional methods. Cell wall proteins were biotinylated with a derivative that does not permeate the cell membrane to distinguish extracellular from cytosolic proteins. Biotinylated PGK was detected among the biotinylated proteins obtained following streptavidin affinity chromatography. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the protein was present at the outer surface of the cell membrane and cell wall as well as expected in the cytoplasm. Northern blot analysis revealed that the gene transcript was present in C albicans cells growing under different conditions, including different media, temperatures and morphologies. Most of the enzyme activity was found in the cytosol. Low enzymic activity was detected in intact cells but not in culture filtrates. These observations confirmed that PGK is a bona fide cell wall protein of C. albicans.
Distributed localization of networked cameras

Camera networks are perhaps the most common type of sensor network and are deployed in a variety of real-world applications including surveillance, intelligent environments and scientific remote monitoring. A key problem in deploying a network of cameras is calibration, i.e., determining the location and orientation of each sensor so that observations in an image can be mapped to locations in the real world. This paper proposes a fully distributed approach for camera network calibration. The cameras collaborate to track an object that moves through the environment and reason probabilistically about which camera poses are consistent with the observed images. This reasoning employs sophisticated techniques for handling the difficult nonlinearities imposed by projective transformations, as well as the dense correlations that arise between distant cameras. Our method requires minimal overlap of the cameras' fields of view and makes very few assumptions about the motion of the object. In contrast to existing approaches, which are centralized, our distributed algorithm scales easily to very large camera networks. We evaluate the system on a real camera network with 25 nodes as well as simulated camera networks of up to 50 cameras and demonstrate that our approach performs well even when communication is lossy.
Protamine allergy reactions during cardiac catheterization and cardiac surgery: risk in patients taking protamine-insulin preparations.

Protamine insulin use may immunologically sensitize patients to protamine, leading to anaphylactoid reactions upon subsequent exposure to protamine sulfate during cardiac catheterization or cardiovascular surgery. The risk of such reactions in protamine insulin-dependent patients is uncertain. One catheterization study reported a 50-fold greater risk while a second showed no increased risk! To clarify the risk, the records of 7,750 cardiac catheterization procedures between 1984 and 1987 were analyzed for presence of NPH or PZI insulin use, protamine administration, and any complications or adverse reactions. Protamine was administered in 3,341/7,750 procedures (43%), including 171 in diabetics receiving NPH insulin. Adverse reactions to protamine occurred in 2/3, 170 noninsulin patients, 0.06%, and adverse reactions due to probable NPH insulin sensitization occurred in 1/171, 0.6%, of NPH diabetics, p = .034. Meta-analysis of risk showed an odds ratio of 7.96 for the NPH diabetic patients, and combining these results with the other large series in the literature (269 NPH diabetics total) showed an odds ratio of 4.19 compared to a non-NPH insulin group. Meta-analysis of the surgical literature showed the risk in surgical patients to be 2.1% in NPH patients versus 0.12% with no NPH, with an odds ratio of 15.52. The greater incidence in surgical patients may be due to protamine sensitization at prior catheterization and to the larger dose of protamine administered to surgical patients.
Imaging Single ZnO Vertical Nanowire Laser Cavities Using UV-laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy

We report the fabrication and optical characterization of individual ZnO vertical nanowire laser cavities. Dilute nanowire arrays with interwire spacing >10 microm were produced by a modified chemical vapor transport (CVT) method yielding an ideal platform for single nanowire imaging and spectroscopy. Lasing characteristics of a single vertical nanowire are presented, as well as high-resolution photoluminescence imaging by UV-laser scanning confocal microscopy. In addition, three-dimensional (3D) mapping of the photoluminescence emission performed in both planar and vertical dimensions demonstrates height-selective imaging useful for vertical nanowires and heteronanostructures emerging in the field of optoelectronics and nanophotonics.
Effect of axillary nodal status on the long‐term survival following mastectomy for breast carcinoma: Nodal metastases may not always suggest systemic disease

Records of 215 patients receiving radical mastectomies from 1958 to 1968 at Roswell Park Memorial Institute were reviewed for the significance of axillary nodal status on long-term survival and recurrence. Ten-year disease-free interval rates were 83%, 47%, and 17%, respectively, for patients with negative nodes, 1-3 positive nodes, and greater than or equal to 4 positive nodes. Fifteen-year rates were 80%, 37%, and 8%, respectively. Survival and disease-free interval curves for the 3 nodal status groups were significantly different from each other (P less than 0.0001). Curves for three subclasses of the greater than or equal to 4 positive node group (4-6, 7-12, and greater than or equal to 13) were similar in overall survival, but were significantly (P = 0.04) different for disease-free interval, due to a rapid rate of recurrence in the greater than or equal to 13 positive node group. Hazard rates of treatment failure during each successive 3-year period for 9 years following mastectomy for those with 1-3 positive nodes or greater than or equal to 4 positive nodes decreased with time, whereas the rates for those with negative nodes were low and relatively constant throughout follow-up. These findings support the thesis that a significant proportion of negative nodes patients are cured by mastectomy and that a smaller group of node-positive patients have regional disease with a chance of cure by mastectomy.
Selective extraction of potassium chloride from saskatchewan sylvinite ore

The distribution of potassium chloride in Saskatchewan sylvinite ore samples has been investigated using autoradiography. Saturated or nearly saturated aqueous solutions of sodium chloride have been used in an attempt to selectively leach out the potassium chloride from the ore. Selective leaching can only be achieved in ores having a contiguous association of potassium chloride crystals. Ores richer than 30% potassium chloride can be expected to fulfil this condition. Accompanying the dissolution of potassium chloride is a simultaneous recrystallization of sodium chloride which accumulates on the dissolving face of the potassium chloride and prevents further extraction. Trace amounts of Pb2+ or Mn2+ ions prevent the accumulation of recrystallized sodium chloride and ensure that the dissolution of potassium chloride proceeds to completion. The Pb2+ ion severely retards the dissolution of both sodium and potassium chlorides. Mn2+ ion has little or no effect on the kinetics of the dissolution process and is accordingly the preferred additive.
The Causal Relationships between Issues, Candidate Evaluations, Party Identification, and Vote Choice--the View From "Rolling Thunder"

This paper uses the theoretical framework developed by Granger in his analysis of causality in dynamic systems to examine the short-term causal relationships between party identification, issue perceptions, candidate evaluations, and voting behavior in the United States. The results show that the revisionist analysis, which suggests that partisanship is an endogenous function of cognitive-based issue perceptions, is not supported. However, the revisionists are correct in asserting that partisanship is unstable over time. But the stability of partisanship is a separate question from its exogeneity in the vote function. It is argued that partisanship is a tally of affective evaluations, which are quite distinct from issue-based evaluations. Partisanship, candidate evaluations, and issues all independently Granger-cause voting behavior, and the former is more important than the latter in determining the vote choice.