cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4397: Bioavailability of substituted quinoline, a gap junction enhancer

Breast cancer is one of the most malignant diseases that threaten the health of women all over the world, especially in western countries. It ranks the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the United States. Several drugs have been discovered to target different pathways of breast cancer cells; however, drug resistance and side effects have increasingly become a major concern. One of the effective methods is combinational treatment of different drugs. Loss of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is thought as one of the important hallmarks of cancer. It is believed that restoration of GJIC in cancer cells is related to reduction of tumorigenesis and increase of drug sensitivity. Gap junctions are intercellular channels connecting adjacent cells, allowing cells to transport small molecules ( Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4397. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4397
Egg Parasitism and Larval Habits of the Orange-Striped Oakworm

Parasitism by Trichoramma and Tetrastichus of orangestriped oakworm ( Anisota senatoria (J. E. Smith)) eggs varied from an average of 22.9% to 74.4% 111 various areas of Connecticut. The effect of these parasites was greater, however, than a mere count of their numbers showed. Gregarious early instar orange-striped oakworm larvae are less able to survive if their numbers are reduced. Laboratory tests over a.5-week period showed that 72.7% of the total mortality of these oakworms reared singly occurred in the first week as contrasted with 5% of the total mortality occurring in the first week when 16 larvae were reared together. Some oakworm egg masses in the field were nearly 100% parasitized. When parasitism reduced the number of viable eggs, the first-instar larvae were less able to survive because reduced numbers affected their ability to move and feed.
Earth fissure formation from groundwater pumping and the influence of a stiff upper cemented layer

Typical soil profiles in arid and semi-arid regions where groundwater is pumped consist of geological materials that vary from uncemented soils to rock. A finite-element analysis using a 20 m thick stiff cemented top layer over a 400 m thick aquifer is used to study how the cemented layer affects earth fissure initiation. This paper presents the results of this study on the key parameters influencing earth fissure formation in a soil profile with a top cemented layer. Three scenarios, each representing three cementation strength parameters, are investigated. A method based on the gradient of the slope of the subsidence bowl is proposed to determine earth fissure initiation. It is shown that earth fissures will not form for gradients below 8 × 10 −5 . The gradient at which an earth fissure would form depends on the cementation strength and tensile strength of the upper cemented alluvium layer. A highly cemented upper alluvium layer is more prone to earth fissure formation than an uncemented one. However, if the top layer is stiff enough to be classified as a ‘rock’, it will be less prone to earth fissure initiation when the cementation increases.
A temporarily stented, autologous pericardial aortic valve prosthesis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY A new bioprosthesis has been developed that is: (i) constructed from glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium due to its lack of antigenicity and low cost; (ii) easily constructed in the operating room; (iii) stentless but easy to implant by using a temporary stent that is removed once its function is no longer necessary; and (iv) implanted with a single proximal suture and three commissural stitches. METHODS This prosthesis was implanted in the subcoronary aortic position of six sheep. The mean prosthesis size was 19.7 +/- 3.5 mm, and manufacturing time 16 +/- 3 min. Cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp times were 142.5 +/- 26.7 min and 100.2 +/- 28.8 min, respectively. Three sheep were euthanized at three, seven, or 27 days, and the remainder at five months postoperatively. RESULTS In all cases the valve was competent and the single commissural stitches were well-anchored. The pericardium was pliable in all cases, but one animal had obvious endocarditis (at 27 days). Small calcific nodules were found at the commissures in valves explanted at five months. Histology showed an intact collagen and elastin structure, and neointimal growth was seen covering the basal quarter of the leaflets and commissures. CONCLUSION This new bioprosthesis might offer a particularly attractive alternative for the young patient population of the developing world. The simplicity of construction, low cost, and absence of any need for anticoagulation makes this prosthesis close to the ideal aortic valve substitute.
Energy expenditure and the abnormal eating pattern of a bulimic: a case report.

Bulimia nervosa has been characterized by binge eating, which is often followed by either vomiting or laxative use. However, some bulimic individuals restrict caloric intake rather than purge as a means of controlling their weight. Treatment may include psychiatric evaluation, drug therapy, and nutrition counseling. This study evaluated the eating pattern of a bulimic woman from food records made before and while she was receiving nutrition counseling at an eating disorders clinic. Energy expenditure was also determined and examined in relation to patterns of eating behavior. The Harris-Benedict equation was used to estimate basal energy expenditure (BEE). Actual measured energy expenditure (MEE) was determined by indirect calorimetry. On initial assessment, this woman was eating 600 to 3,800 kcal/day, reflecting the range from a semi-fast to a binge day. At this time, her BEE was significantly higher than her MEE. Following modification of her eating pattern to three meals a day, providing approximately 1,200 kcal, there was a 50% increase in her MEE, which closely approximated her BEE. Modification of eating pattern appeared to be associated with a normalization of energy expenditure in this woman; however, each case must be considered individually. These results imply that certain eating patterns in bulimic individuals cause a decrease in energy expenditure that may resemble starvation. J Am Diet Assoc 89:7477, 1989.
Tangential penlight angle estimation

BACKGROUND A variation of the penlight shadow procedure, using tangential corneal illumination, was compared with the van Herick biomicroscopy technique for estimating the anterior chamber. The purpose was to determine if tangential penlight illumination affords the practitioner an additional, clinically valid means of estimating patency of the anterior chamber angle. METHODS Sixty-two subjects (24 males, 38 females) were evaluated with both procedures. For each subject, the temporal anterior chamber angles were estimated on the basis of the degree of nasal brightness via sclerotic scatter after temporal tangential corneal illumination. Comparisons were made with temporal angle estimation using the van Herick biomicroscopy technique. RESULTS Compared with the van Herick procedure, the tangential corneal illumination technique had a sensitivity of 93.8% in the measurement of open angles, with a specificity of 83.3%. The results were statistically significant at p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the tangential corneal illumination technique provides a viable alternative to angle estimation using the biomicroscope. The procedure compared favorably with previous assessments of the standard penlight shadow test. Although limited in certain aspects, the speed and ease of the procedure make it a useful diagnostic tool in situations in which conventional testing is difficult or impossible to accomplish.
Electron Hopping through Double-Exchange Coupling in a Mixed-Valence Diiminobenzoquinone-Bridged Fe2 Complex.

The ability of a benzoquinonoid bridging ligand to mediate double-exchange coupling in a mixed-valence Fe2 complex is demonstrated. Metalation of the bridging ligand 2,5-di(2,6-dimethylanilino)-3,6-dibromo-1,4-benzoquinone (LH2) with FeII in the presence of the capping ligand tris((6-methyl-2-pyridyl)methyl)amine (Me3TPyA) affords the dinuclear complex [(Me3TPyA)2FeII2(L)]2+. The dc magnetic measurements, in conjunction with X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy, reveal the presence of weak ferromagnetic superexchange coupling between FeII centers through the diamagnetic bridging ligand to give an S = 4 ground state. The ac magnetic susceptibility measurements, collected in a small dc field, show this complex to behave as a single-molecule magnet with a relaxation barrier of Ueff = 14(1) cm–1. The slow magnetic relaxation in the FeII2 complex can be switched off through one-electron oxidation to the mixed-valence congener [(Me3TPyA)2Fe2(L)]3+, where X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy indi...
Factor VIII’s C Domains Bind to Platelets.

The C domains of factor VIII contain the primary binding site for the cofactor, activated factor VIII, to interact with the phospholipid membranes, including those on the platelet surface. Isolated C2 domain has been shown to bind to phosphotidyl-L-serine-rich lipids and platelets; under flow cytometry, binding to activated platelets was confirmed. For comparison, C1C2, expressed in E.coli, was prepared with up to mg quantities isolated. Fresh, gel-filtered platelets were then studied in a flow cytometer either with or without activation by the thrombin receptor peptide, SFLLRN-amide. Depending upon the conditions, up to 80% of the platelets could be stained with a monoclonal antibody to C2 (ESH8) that is known not to compete with lipid or von Willebrand factor binding. The results were confirmed using a S2296C mutant C1C2 where the free suflhydryl group was either biotinylated and detected by fluorescein labeled streptavidin or directly labeled with fluorescein. As shown in the figure, essentially all platelets bound directly fluorescein labeled C1C2. Using standardized, labeled microbeads, it was estimated that there are 7000–10,000 binding sites per platelet. After platelet activation, the number of platelets binding C1C2 increased with all three detecting systems but only by 15–30%. In contrast, binding of isolated C2, as determined either by ESH8 or as a C2296 biotinylated species, was much lower when the same molar amounts were added, and was primarily detectable following platelet activation. C1C2 binding appeared independent of von Willebrand factor as platelets from two unrelated subjects with severe, type 3 von Willebrand disease gave the same patterns on flow cytometry as seen in platelets from normal subjects. ESH4, a monoclonal antibody known to inhibit binding of C2 to lipid membranes effectively competed C1C2 binding to platelets. Although an indirect alteration the C2 domain conformation cannot be excluded, results support a direct role of C1 in enhancing platelet binding. ![Figure][1] Binding of direct florescein-labeled C1C2 to SFLLRN-amide-activated platelets [1]: pending:yes
Fault Detection in Multiply-Redundant Measurement Systems

Abstract The paper presents the theory and application of a test procedure for fault detection and isolation (FDI), which is suited for development of intelligent instrumentation in strategic processes like spacecraft, aircraft, and nuclear plants where redundant measurements are usually available for individual critical variables. The test procedure consists of (1) a generic redundancy management algorithm which is essentially independent of the fault detection strategy and measurement noise statistics, and (2) a modified form of sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) algorithm for fault detection and isolation, which functions within the framework of the aforesaid redundancy management procedure. The sequential test procedure is suitable for real-time applications using commercially available microcomputers and its efficacy has been verified by on-line fault detection in an operating nuclear reactor.
Fraud Detection and Expected Returns

An accounting-based model has strong out-of-sample power not only to detect fraud, but also to predict cross-sectional returns. Firms with a higher probability of manipulation (MSCORE) earn lower returns in every decile portfolio sorted by: Size, Book-to-Market, Momentum, Accruals, and Short-Interest. We show that the predictive power of MSCORE is related to its ability to forecast the persistence of current-year accruals, and is most pronounced among low-accrual (ostensibly high earnings-quality) stocks. Most of the incremental power derives from measures of firms’ predisposition to manipulate, rather than their level of aggressive accounting. Our evidence supports the investment value of careful fundamental analysis, even among public firms.
Efficiency and Equity in the Distribution of Renewable Resources: Water Allocation in the Jordan River Watershed

Previous work on shared renewable resource distribution has generally focused on unilateral and bilateral policy approaches or a tradable market system. Neither approach guarantees efficiency and equity simultaneously. We propose an integrated law and economic policy-based management plan that divides property rights into rights to use and rights from which to earn income. Both rights are determined based upon multilateral negotiations and the environmental sustainability of the ecosystem. Rights to use should be domestically utilized by the parties that share the resource and the income rights should be regularly auctioned. This guarantees shareholders some access to the resource and generously compensates them for any amount auctioned, while at the same time allocating a large portion of the resource to its highest marginal benefit. The system is tested on the River Jordan Basin, and we conclude that, if applied, water can be allocated more efficiently and equitably than under the current water regimes while at the same time reduce political and military tension in the region.
The Last Ottoman Generation and the Making of the Modern Middle East

The modern Middle East emerged out of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, when Britain and France partitioned the Ottoman Arab lands into several new colonial states. The following period was a charged and transformative time of unrest. Insurgent leaders, trained in Ottoman military tactics and with everything to lose from the fall of the Empire, challenged the mandatory powers in a number of armed revolts. This is a study of this crucial period in Middle Eastern history, tracing the period through popular political movements and the experience of colonial rule. In doing so, Provence emphasises the continuity between the late Ottoman and Colonial era, explaining how national identities emerged, and how the seeds were sown for many of the conflicts which have defined the Middle East in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. This is a valuable read for students of Middle Eastern history and politics.
Recent Trends in -Omics-Based Methods and Techniques for Lung Disease Prevention

As the use of engineered nanoparticles (ENMs) in the manufacturing environment and consumer products increases, the concern over human exposure to ENMs is also increased. Due to varying physical and chemical characteristics of ENMs, the level of toxicity varies based on the shape, size, solubility, surface area, and surface charges of the ENM that is synthesized. However, with the lack of reference materials and inconsistent protocols, the validation of novel methods in order to determine toxicity has been deemed challenging; thus, there is an inability for an accurate assessment based on the human health risk assessment (HHRA) of environmental chemicals when exposure has occurred [1]. Also, current methods for chemical risk assessments are not without additional limitations as their high costs and the reliance on observing the effects of toxicity in animals lead to very few assessments done on chemicals that are in use in manufacturing [2]. With the use of toxicogenomics, there is the ability to determine the level of toxicity that is associated with certain properties of ENMs as well as assist in the identification of potential health hazards [2, 3]. DNA microarray, large-scale real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and RNA sequencing are among the most commonly used technology within toxicogenomics [2].
Piezoelectric energy-scavenging possibilities in vehicular systems for powering ulpt

The idea of using piezoelectric materials to scavenge vibration energies is becoming popular as advancements are made in the ultra-low power devices. This paper deals with harnessing of the vibration energy from four different parts of a vehcile for powering secondary devices such as on-board ultra-low power transmitters (ULPT). The vehicle parts explored are the engine, the suspension system, the tire units and the vehicle body. The use of ULPT consuming ∼ 0.57 mW to transmit data necessary for vehicle fleet owners to maintain and track their fleet of vehicles is proposed. Dynamic equations were developed to model the vibration patterns that are peculiar to different parts of a typical vehicle. The effect of the vehicle vibration on a piezo strip led to flexing the piezo strips, thereby producing electrical power. Results show that the harvested power from piezo devices can easily power the ULPT. It was discovered that a single strip of the FPR piezo material embedded at the suspension system or vehicle body could sufficiently power the ULPT, while at the most 4 strips of either FPR or PZT piezo materials would be required to achieve the same purpose at any other parts of the vehicle.
Encoding Multilingual Knowledge Systems in the Digital Age: The Getty Vocabularies

This paper gives an overview of the history, development, and structure of the electronic thesauri produced and maintained by the Getty Research Institute (GRI). We describe the evolution of the Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT), the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN), and the Union List of Artist Names (ULAN) as multilingual, cross-cultural knowledge organization systems (KOS); the factors that make them unique; and their potential, when expressed as Linked Open Data (LOD) to play a key role in the Semantic Web.
Mutation and the Production of Secondary Metabolites

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with microbially produced secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites are a group of products that are extremely important to health and nutrition. They are usually produced during the idiophase of development, have no general function in growth processes, are produced by certain restricted taxonomic groups of organisms, and are usually formed as a mixture of closely related members of a chemical family. The chapter examines some of the ways in which microbial mutants have been used to increase the production of secondary metabolites, to eliminate undesirable products, to produce new secondary products, and to elucidate secondary biosynthetic pathways. Mutation has been the major factor in increasing fermentation yields by factors of hundreds and even thousands. Mutation methodology has been used to elucidate the very complicated pathway of biosynthesis of the tetracyclines. This powerful technique is also helping to unravel the biosynthetic pathways leading to novobiocin, polymyxin, prodigiosin, gramicidin S, and erythromycin.
Antidepressants in Panic Disorder

Antidepressants have been used to treat patients with panic disorder almost since these drugs were first introduced. Tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and other antidepressants have all been studied, with varying results, in patients with panic disorder. The MAOIs are believed by some clinicians to be the most potent anti-panic agents, but their considerable side effects limit their use. The tricyclic antidepressants imipramine and clomipramine are well established in treating panic disorder, although today many clinicians choose an SSRI as their first-line agent. Data supporting this clinical preference for SSRIs are just now becoming available.
Real-time dose-rate monitoring with gynecologic brachytherapy: Results of an initial clinical trial.

Abstract Purpose A nanoscintillator-based fiber-optic dosimeter (nanoFOD) was developed to measure real-time dose rate during high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy. A trial was designed to prospectively test clinical feasibility in gynecologic implants. Methods and Materials A clinical trial enrolled women undergoing vaginal cylinder HDR brachytherapy. The nanoFOD was fixed to the cylinder alongside two thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). Treatment was delivered and real-time dose rates captured by the nanoFOD. The nanoFOD and TLD positions were identified in CT images and used to extract the treatment planning system (TPS) calculated dose. The nanoFOD and TLD cumulative doses were compared with the TPS. Results Nine women were enrolled for 30 fractions, and real-time data were available in 27 treatments. The median ratio of nanoFOD/TPS dose was 1.00 (IQR 0.94–1.02), with a TLD/TPS ratio of 1.01 (IQR 0.98–1.04). Of the nanoFOD dose measurements, 63% were within 5% of the TPS, 26% between 5 and 10% of the TPS, and the remaining 11% between 10 and 20% of the TPS dose. Of the TLD measurements, 70% were within 5% of the TPS, 22% between 5 and 10% of the TPS, and 7% between 10 and 20% of the TPS dose. Conclusions Real-time dose-rate measurements during HDR brachytherapy were feasible using the nanoFOD and cumulative dose per fraction showed reasonable agreement to TLD and TPS doses. Additional studies to determine dose thresholds that would yield a low false alarm rate and ongoing device development efforts to improve localization of the scintillator in CT images are needed before this detector should be used to inform clinical decisions.
Electronic Phase Transition of IrTe 2 Probed by Second Harmonic Generation

We have utilized second harmonic generation (SHG) to disentangle the coupled first-order charge order/structural transition at in the transition-metal dichalocogenide IrTe2, an exceptional layered material with 3D properties. The data from SHG shows extremely sharp transition in both the cooling and warming processes with less than 0.2 K transition window. Surface electronic symmetries of and S 2 are observed in the high temperature and low temperature phases, respectively. Compared to neutron diffraction data for the structural transition (Phys. Rev. B 88 (2013) 115122) and to the electrical resistivity for the microscopic transition (Phys. Rev. B 95 (2017) 035148), our data indicates the electronic transition at the surface is the precursor to the structural transition.
Elastomeric passive transmission for autonomous force-velocity adaptation applied to 3D-printed prosthetics.

The force, speed, dexterity, and compact size required of prosthetic hands present extreme design challenges for engineers. Current prosthetics rely on high-quality motors to achieve adequate precision, force, and speed in a small enough form factor with the trade-off of high cost. We present a simple, compact, and cost-effective continuously variable transmission produced via projection stereolithography. Our transmission, which we call an elastomeric passive transmission (EPT), is a polyurethane composite cylinder that autonomously adjusts its radius based on the tension in a wire spooled around it. We integrated six of these EPTs into a three-dimensionally printed soft prosthetic hand with six active degrees of freedom. Our EPTs provided the prosthetic hand with about three times increase in grip force without compromising flexion speed. This increased performance leads to finger closing speeds of ~0.5 seconds (average radial velocity, ~180 degrees second −1 ) and maximum fingertip forces of ~32 newtons per finger.
Hacia el Pasado para Llegar al Futuro: El camino de Ida, de Ricardo Piglia

Este articulo analiza la novela El camino de Ida, de Ricardo Piglia, y su exploracion del tema de la violencia anticapitalista, tanto en la Argentina como en los Estados Unidos. Se sostiene que el escritor argentino busca recuperar las opciones politicas del siglo XX, y muy en particular de los anos 60 y 70 en ambos paises, para insertar su obra en los debates sobre el pasado y el futuro. Gracias a su estadia en Estados Unidos, Emilio Renzi puede tomar contacto con gente de la izquierda y de la tradicion anarquista, cosa que le permite hacer memoria —no sin criticas— de los grupos guerrilleros en la Argentina, en los anos 60 y 70 desde un punto de vista nostalgico.
Oxygen stays put during water oxidation

Despite being used as a water-oxidation catalyst in alkaline electrolysis for over a century, the details of how Ni–Fe (oxy)hydroxide catalysts function remains unclear. Now, using a nanoparticle model system, the intrinsic activity and underlying catalytic mechanism is probed.
Testosterone meets albumin – the molecular mechanism of sex hormone transport by serum albumins

Serum albumin is the most abundant protein in mammalian blood plasma and is responsible for the transport of metals, drugs, and various metabolites, including hormones. We report the first albumin structure in complex with testosterone, the primary male sex hormone. Testosterone is bound in two sites, neither of which overlaps with the previously suggested Sudlow site I. We determined the binding constant of testosterone to equine and human albumins by two different methods: tryptophan fluorescence quenching and ultrafast affinity extraction. The binding studies and similarities between residues comprising the binding sites on serum albumins suggest that testosterone binds to the same sites on both proteins. Our comparative analysis of albumin complexes with hormones, drugs, and other biologically relevant compounds strongly suggests interference between a number of compounds present in blood and testosterone transport by serum albumin. We discuss a possible link between our findings and some phenomena observed in human patients, such as low testosterone levels in diabetic patients.
Normal audiogram but poor sensitivity to brief sounds in mice with compromised voltage-gated sodium channels (Scn8a medJ)

Abstract The Scn8amedJ mutation of the gene for sodium channels at the nodes of Ranvier slows nerve conduction, resulting in motor abnormalities. This mutation is also associated with loss of spontaneous bursting activity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. However initial tests of auditory sensitivity in mice homozygous for this mutation, using standard 400-ms tones, demonstrated normal hearing sensitivity. Further testing, reported here, revealed a severely compromised sensitivity to short-duration tones of 10 and 2 ms durations. Such a deficit might be expected to interfere with auditory functions that depend on rapid processing of auditory signals.
The Binding of Divalent Cations to Oncomodulin

Although oncomodulin has amino acid sequence homology with parvalbumin, and bound magnesium, calcium did induce a specific conformational change shown by UV difference, fluorescence, and circular dichroic spectroscopy. This calcium specific change in oncomodulin conformation may be the basis for its calmodulin-like modulator ability.
Cigarettes and Straws: Late Positive Potential Modulation in Mental Illness and Nicotine Addiction

Tobacco use remains a major preventable cause of death worldwide, accumulating billions of dollars in healthcare spending annually in the U.S. alone. Evidence has found that among those addicted, individuals suffering with psychiatric illnesses are disproportionally abusing. To assess this disparity, our study observed event related potential (ERP) responses recorded with electroencephalogram (EEG) in chronic smokers with (MI; n=6) and without mental illness (NMI; n=6). We found that the MI group alone presented heightened late positive potential (LPP) responses while processing cigarette (addictive) stimuli compared to neutral images (t-value = 3.11 at Cz, 3.92 at Pz). Our study illustrates the significance of the LPP as a promising biomarker to assess tobacco addiction in individuals facing mental illness.
Forensic Palynology and the Ruidoso, New Mexico Plane Crash—The Pollen Evidence II

The crash of a private plane near Ruidoso, New Mexico in 1989 resulted in an investigation of a small mass of biological material isolated from a tubular component of the fuel assembly. Part of the biological material consisted of a small pellet of pollen. The pollen grains were glistening, bright yellow in color, and surrounded by a moist hyaline substance that formed thin strands connecting the individual grains. If the grains had accumulated over time, some would have been subjected to an air temperature of about 500° F (190°C) for the operational life of the fuel component. If they were present before the crash, they also would have been exposed to a post-crash fire that distorted aluminum parts and melted resin/fiberglass construction material. Experiments with fresh pollen demonstrated that the grains darkened significantly with moderate heating for short periods, and that the connecting strands disappeared. The conclusion, consistent with other biological, chemical, and soil evidence, was that the biological mass was a post-crash accumulation unrelated to the accident.
Kidney injury molecule-1, a sensitive and specific marker for identifying acute proximal tubular injury, can be used to predict renal functional recovery in native renal biopsies

Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) staining has been shown to be very useful in identifying acute proximal tubular injury, but its sensitivity, specificity and predicting values for the recovery of renal function after injury in renal biopsies have not been well established. In the first study, we randomly selected 184 renal biopsies from a wide age range of patients (children to elderly) with various renal diseases. KIM-1 staining scores were significantly correlated with serum creatinine (sCr) levels (P < 0.05) in all age groups. Receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) was generated to evaluate true-positive rate (sensitivity) and true-negative rate (1-specificity). The area under the curve (AUC) in pediatric cases was 0.74, which demonstrated KIM-1 was a fair index in correlating with sCr. In adults, the AUC was 0.87, indicating that KIM-1 was an even better index in the adult population in correlating to sCr. The second study was to determine whether KIM-1 could be a potential predictor of the recovery of acute kidney injury (AKI), and 51 indicated native biopsies with acute tubular injury were randomly selected for KIM-1 staining and sCr follow-up over a 6-month period. A higher KIM-1/sCr ratio (0.57 ± 0.06) was significantly and positively associated with a better reduction in sCr over 6 months. In summary, our data demonstrated that KIM-1 staining in renal biopsies is a sensitive and specific marker to identify acute tubular injury and KIM-1/sCr ratio is useful for predicting the recovery of renal function after injury, although some patients’ sCr levels cannot return to their baseline levels.
Assessing the Environmental Impact of Car Restrictions Policies: Madrid Central Case

With the increase of population living in urban areas, many transportation-related problems have grown very rapidly. Pollution causes many inhabitants health problems. A major concern for the International Community is pollution, which causes many inhabitants health problems. Accordingly, and under the risk of fines, countries are required to reduce noise and air pollutants. As a way to do so, road restrictions policies are applied in urban areas. Evaluating objectively the benefits of this type of measures is important to asses their real impact. In this work, we analyze the application of Madrid Central (MC), which is a set of road traffic limitation measures applied in the downtown of Madrid (Spain), by using smart city tools. According to our results, MC significantly reduces the nitrogen dioxide (\(NO_2\)) concentration in the air and the levels of noise in Madrid, while not arising any border effect.
Film in an IPE classroom: for a critical pedagogy of the everyday

This article discusses the use of film as pedagogical material to teach Everyday International Political Economy (EIPE). Film is an effective tool to bridge IPE research and teaching, and to fully ...
Open Radical En Bloc Esophagectomy

The poor outcome of patients following conventional esophagectomy for cancer is partly due to the high rates of locoregional failure. Despite the controversy over its efficacy, we believe that radical en bloc esophagectomy maximizes locoregional control and provides the most thorough staging information. En bloc resection involves a wide resection of tissues surrounding the esophagus with a two-field or three-field lymphadenectomy. With an experienced surgical team and careful patient selection, the procedure can be done with low mortality and similar morbidity compared to conventional transthoracic or transhiatal esophagectomy. From our studies, extensive lymphadenectomy appears to have a favorable impact on survival, especially in patients with nodal metastases. En bloc esophagectomy should be recommended for patients with stage II or greater disease with good performance status and adequate cardiopulmonary reserve. This chapter details each step of this operation and summarizes our experience.
Parallel Fault-Tolerant Programming and Optimization of Photonic Neural Networks

We propose and numerically demonstrate a fault-tolerant, efficient parallel nullification protocol to program and error-correct photonic neural networks for energy-efficient machine learning tasks.
Direct Detection of Large Close-in Planets around the Source Stars of Caustic-crossing Microlensing Events

We propose a direct method to detect close-in Jupiter-sized planets orbiting stars in the Galactic bulge. This method uses caustic-crossing binary microlensing events discovered by survey teams monitoring the bulge to measure light from a planet orbiting the source star. When the planet crosses the caustic, it is more magnified than the source star; its light is magnified by 2 orders of magnitude for Jupiter-sized planets. If the planet has a large radius and is close to the star, it may be bright enough to make a significant deviation in the light curve of the star. Detection of this deviation requires intensive monitoring of the microlensing light curve using a 10 m-class telescope for a few hours after the caustic. This is the only method yet proposed to detect reflected light from close-in planets around stars outside the solar neighborhood.
The Influence of Management’s Internal Audit Experience on Earnings Management

We examine whether firms with managers that have prior internal audit experience are less likely to manage earnings. We find that firms with managers that have internal audit experience are associated with less overall earnings management, driven by lower real earnings management. Importantly, these firms do not trade-off reduced real earnings management with increased accruals-based earnings management. Further tests reveal that this effect is generally strongest when managers with internal audit experience currently hold financial roles or roles with higher power within the company. We also confirm that real earnings management is negatively correlated with future firm performance, as measured by Tobin’s Q and abnormal returns. Overall, these results point to a potentially important benefit of manager internal audit experience, as research suggests that real earnings management is common, difficult to detect, not always within the scope of financial reporting regulators, and detrimental to future performance.
Ultrawideband compressed sensing of arbitrary multi-tone sparse radio frequencies using spectrally encoded ultrafast laser pulses

We demonstrate a photonic system for pseudorandom sampling of multi-tone sparse radio-frequency (RF) signals in an 11.95-GHz bandwidth using <1% of the measurements required for Nyquist sampling. Pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) patterns are modulated onto highly chirped laser pulses, encoding the patterns onto the optical spectra. The pulses are partially compressed to increase the effective sampling rate by 2.07×, modulated with the RF signal, and fully compressed yielding optical integration of the PRBS-RF inner product prior to photodetection. This yields a 266× reduction in the required electronic sampling rate. We introduce a joint-sparsity-based matching-pursuit reconstruction via bagging to achieve accurate recovery of tones at arbitrary frequencies relative to the reconstruction basis.
Does evidence from clinical trials in psychopharmacology apply in clinical practice

The art of psychopharmacology derives from the science of psychopharmacology, but still requires wisdom, judgment, and experience to translate findings from clinical trials of a new drug into clinical practice.
Quantitative surface studies of protein adsorption by infrared spectroscopy: I. Correction for bulk concentrations

Abstract A method for correcting attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectra of surface-adsorbed proteins for the contribution of proteins in the bulk solution has been demonstrated. This procedure estimates the soluble protein contribution to the ir spectra from parameters determined from transmission experiments, and uses the absorbance of the water band in ATR as an internal reference. Based on this procedure, the soluble protein contribution to the total spectrum is estimated to range from approximately 3% for IgG or albumin in solution at 1 mg/ml, to approximately 35% when whole blood (from sheep) is adsorbed onto a 45° germanium ATR crystal.
Growth problems for a class of entire functions via singular integral estimates

for an absolute constant A 0. The upper estimate for C(p) in (2) comes from "Lindel6f functions": these are certain well known entire functions of any finite order with all zeros regularly distributed along a single ray arg z = constant. It has been conjectured that these functions are extremal for this problem but not even the order of magnitude of C(p) is known, for p large. In this direction, we prove:
Nodal Quasiparticle Lifetime in the Superconducting State of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ

We have measured the complex conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ of a ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ thin film between 0.2 and 0.8 THz. We find $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ in the superconducting state to be well described as the sum of contributions from quasiparticles, condensate, and order parameter fluctuations which draw $30%$ of the spectral weight from the condensate. An analysis based on this decomposition yields a quasiparticle scattering rate on the order of ${k}_{B}T/\ensuremath{\Elzxh}$ for temperatures below ${T}_{c}$.
A cohort study of possible risk factors for over-reporting of antihypertensive adherence

The identification of poor medicinal adherence is difficult because direct observation of medication use is usually impractical. Up to 50% of individuals on chronic therapies may not be taking their medication as prescribed. This study is one of the first to explore possible risk factors for over-reporting of antihypertensive adherence using electronic medication monitoring. The adherence of 286 individuals on single-drug antihypertensive therapy in a large managed care organization was electronically monitored for approximately three months. Questionnaires on socioeconomic background, adherence to therapy, health beliefs, and social support before and after adherence monitoring were completed. Over-reporting of antihypertensive adherence was assessed by comparing the self-reported frequency of noncompliance with that determined from electronic dosing records. Risk factors for over-reporting were identified by contingency table analysis and step-wise logistic regression. Although only 21% of participants acknowledged missing doses on one or more days per week, electronic monitoring documented nonadherence at this or a higher level in 42% of participants. The following variables were associated with over-reporting: >1 versus 1 daily dose (OR = 2.58; 95% CI = 1.50–4.41; p = .0006), lower perceived health risk from nonadherence (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.10–1.64; p = .0035), and annual household income of $30,000 (OR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.13–6.18; p = .025). Over-reporting of adherence may be affected by factors related to dosing frequency, health beliefs and socioeconomic status. This topic deserves further investigation in other patient populations to elucidate possible underlying behavioral explanations.
Thalamic extrapontine lesions in central pontine myelinolysis.

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a well-known entity. This demyelinating disorder is associated with electrolyte disturbances and typically occurs in the setting of alcoholism and malnutrition. Extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) is identified pathologically in about 53% of cases and, of these, thalamic lesions are detected in 34%. We presented three cases in which symmetric thalamic lesions are demonstrated by MR in CPM/EPM and address the characteristic pattern and location of involvement within the thalami
Inverse multiple scattering problems - II. Limited information content of partially fitted planetary curves with application to the Venusian visual phase curve.

Abstract The random grid search method and the minimization search method recently developed by Fymat (1972) for solving inverse multiple-scattering problems of planetary atmospheres are employed for a study of the extent and nature of true information yielded by theoretical partial fits of observed planetary curves. The study is conducted with the Venusian visual phase curve as a background example. It is shown that such fits cannot be used toinfer the model scattering parameters of the planet's atmosphere. They cannot provide any indication of the shape of the scattering diagram, even in the region of the fit. It is also shown that the measured Bond albedo can provide neither a criterion for sorting out different possible scattering model candidates nor a means for accurately determining the single scattering albedo. A high value of the latter albedo for Venus' atmosphere at visible wavelengths(ωo ≈ 0·99) is also found, and Euler's scattering model is definitely discarded for this planet.
Thermal Shock: Catastrophic Failure Of Partlally Absorbing Relfelctive And Transmissive Optics In High Power Continuous Wave And Repetitive Pulsed Laser Environments

The object of this paper is set out the expressions which will allow the evaluation of the temperature rise in real time of optical components that absorb photonic energy through to a depth which is controlled by the extinction coefficient That is, the the photons do not come out the back surface. They extinguish in the material themselves. We, of course, call that absorption. Because of the complexity of the boundary conditions, it was decided that this particular phenomena should be treated as an independent paper as opposed to being consolidated with a previous paper that dealt with similar phenomena in transmissive optics only. The equations for evaluating the temperature rise on the first surface, the back surface, and the gradient in between are provided. The temperature rise of the extinguishment zone and the partitioned zone are both treated in light of the former equations. The Reverse Thermal Wave Approximations are shown in use and examples of the application are provided. In all cases, the one dimensional, three dimensional, and radial distributions are provided for the different boundary conditions that have been enumerated. The cases are then provided with the expressions that describe the thermal shock that can result from the temperature gradients shown. Again, the equations for both metals and dielectric materials involved in thermal shock are provided with examples.
Estrogen Alters MPTP‐Induced Neurotoxicity in Female Mice: Effects on Striatal Dopamine Concentrations and Release

The effects of estrogen on MPTP-induced neurotoxicity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system were examined in C57Bl and CD-1 mice. Ovariectomized mice with and without estrogen were treated with MPTP or its vehicle. The effects of these treatments on striatal dopamine concentrations and L-DOPA-stimulated dopamine and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) release in vitro were determined. Dopamine concentrations of C57Bl mice receiving estrogen before MPTP were significantly greater than those of non-estrogen-treated MPTP mice as well as estrogen-treated mice receiving the MPTP vehicle. Dopamine concentrations of the CD-1 mice did not differ with these treatments. L-DOPA-evoked dopamine release values of estrogen-treated C57Bl mice were significantly increased compared with non-estrogen-treated mice. No such differences were observed in the MPTP-treated C57Bl mice. DOPAC release rates were similar to that of dopamine in these C57Bl mice. In the CD-1 mice estrogen also produced a significant increase in L-DOPA-evoked dopamine release; however, this response was unaltered by MPTP treatment. A significant increase in L-DOPA-evoked DOPAC output was obtained only for estrogen-treated CD-1 mice. Both strains show very similar responses to the estrogen treatment, but differential responses of dopamine release to L-DOPA between the C57Bl and CD-1 mice were obtained with regard to the interactive effects of estrogen and MPTP. Our results suggest that in addition to its role as modulator, estrogen may also function as a neuroprotectant against MPTP neurotoxicity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the C57Bl mouse.
Embedded or not ? hydrophobic sequences and membranes

The same translocation machinery appears to be responsible for both the translocation of soluble proteins across membranes and the insertion of integral membrane proteins into the bilayer. A single mechanism is proposed to accommodate these two functions. This model is also extended to explain the paradoxical translocation of mitochondrial and chloroplastic membrane proteins across one or more membranes before they are finally inserted into their target membranes.