cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Grandiose Narcissists’ Public Versus Private Attributions for a Collaborative Success

Grandiose narcissists tend to exhibit stronger self-serving attributional biases (SSABs) and seek public recognition for accomplishments. We examined whether grandiose narcissists are especially self-serving regarding a team success when making attributions publicly versus privately, and whether this depends on whether their partner is a friend or stranger. College students imagined winning a contest involving collaboration with a partner (friend/stranger), and then distributed credit and monetary reward for the team’s success in an imagined public (“TV interview”) or private (“anonymous survey”) context. Participants higher in grandiose narcissism exhibited greater SSAB when partnered with a stranger than a friend, especially when making attributions for earned monetary award in a “public” context. In contrast, participants lower in narcissism did not exhibit SSAB in any experiment condition. In fact, they exhibited a partner-favoring bias (in monetary reward allocations) in the “public” context when partnered with a stranger. Implications for real world reward distributions are discussed.
A Unifying Approach to Human Pilot Modelling

Abstract The data base supporting models of the human pilot participating in well defined single-axis tracking tasks can be considered essentially Complete as regards the effects of aircraft dynamics and disturbance characteristics. Despite this fact, certain fundamental and interesting questions have only recently been addressed or remain unanswered. Among these are the following: (1) By what mechanism does the human pilot generate the dynamic equalization required in tracking tasks? (2) How might the human utilize an “internal model” of the environment in these tasks? (3) What causes nonlinear pilot behavior when controlling higher-order dynamics? (4) How do manipulator characteristics effect human pilot dynamics and performance? (5) How does the human organize his perceptions in pursuit as opposed to compensatory tracking? (6) How does the human quantify his subjective impressions of task difficulty or handling qualities? With these and related issues in mind, a “structural model” of the human pilot is discussed. The model is shown to be descriptive rather than predictive in nature and is shown to have its basis in an hypothesized feedback structure involving the human neuromuscular system. Selecting pertinent examples from experimental results reported in the literature, the questions just raised are discussed and the potential of the structural model to answer them in a unified manner is demonstrated.
Seeing Borders Through the Lens of Structuration: A Theoretical Framework

ABSTRACTDespite a growing body of work, scholars have rarely engaged with the classic divide of structure and agency in border studies. Drawing on theory of structuration by Anthony Giddens, this article proposes a theoretical approach and/or tool that views borders as the result of a continuous production and reproduction of structure(s) and agents. The framework offers an analysis of what makes each border distinct and of the performance of borderwork. The article briefly overviews major theoretical approaches in critical border studies, presents a brief summary of the theory of structuration, discusses the proposed theoretical framework for border studies, and presents a case study based on the recently exchanged Bangladesh-India border enclaves to demonstrate the application of this framework.
Teaching Children about the Global Economy: Integrating Inquiry with Human Rights

ABSTRACTAlthough children are already part of the global economy, they often have little understanding of its influence without explicit instruction. The article focuses on recommendations for teaching elementary students in grades three through five about the global economy utilizing the pedagogical recommendations from the National Council for the Social Studies and curricular and pedagogical suggestions from economic educators, human rights educators, and research. The author advocates using the inquiry arc to actively engage students in learning and integrating a human rights perspective, along with an economic perspective, to broaden students' understanding of the global economy. Economics helps young students learn why their clothes and toys are produced in different countries while human rights education enables them to comprehend the lives of workers who produce their clothing and toys. The inquiry arc also offers opportunities for young students to take action when they encounter human rights abu...
Behavioral measures of cochlear gain reduction and gain reduction in with normal hearing or minimal cochlear hearing loss

This is a continuation of a study examining the relationship between cochlear hearing loss and various psychoacoustic measures thought to be related to cochlear function. In the listeners tested, thresholds for long tones ranged from well within the clinically normal range to just outside this range. Where thresholds were elevated, other clinical tests were consistent with a cochlear origin. Because the medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) decreases the gain of the cochlear active process in response to sound, when possible, measures were made with short stimuli. Signal frequencies were 2, 4, and 8 kHz. Maximum gain was estimated by measuring the threshold masker level for a masker at the signal frequency and a masker well below the signal frequency. The effect of signal duration on threshold was measured using 10 and 200-signals. One point on the lower leg of the input/output function was measured by finding the threshold masker level for a masker slightly less than one octave below the signal frequency ne...
Efficient Syntheses of Cocaine Vaccines and Their in Vivo Evaluation

Though cocaine abuse and addiction continue to have serious implications for health and society, no FDA-approved interventions have been developed. Anticocaine conjugate vaccines offer an attractive opportunity for addiction treatment; however, vaccines have thus far failed in clinical trials. As a result, anticocaine vaccines must be further optimized to achieve clinical translation. Herein, we report a study on the relationship between vaccine efficacy and hapten stability toward hydrolysis. Two haptens developed by our laboratory, GND and GNE, were conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) and formulated with alum and cytosine-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide 1826 (CpG ODN 1826) adjuvants, the optimal formulation in anticocaine vaccine design. GND, a diamide, is more hydrolytically stable than GNE, a monoamide, toward butyrylcholinesterases. Ultimately, both vaccines induced antibodies with high affinity for cocaine. In hyperlocomotion testing, GND-TT and GNE-TT vaccinated mice exhibited a robust blockade of cocai...
The Neurobiological Basis of Recognition Memory

This chapter examines how humans and animals encode, store, and retrieve information such that they are able to identify a particular stimulus as having been previously experienced. The chapter reviews standard behavioral tasks used to measure recognition memory, including forced choice recognition tasks and confidence ratings scales in humans and delayed match-to-sample tasks in animals and humans. The concept of recognition as comprising two separate processes, recollection and familiarity, is discussed. The review also examines lesion data that suggest specific roles for regions involved in recognition memory, including the hippocampus, parahippocampal cortices, and prefrontal cortex. The review also addresses electrophysical studies in these regions demonstrating potential neuronal phenomena that could underlie recognition, including repetition suppression, match enchancement, and persistent spiking activity. Computational studies demonstrate the potential mechanisms of these electrophysical phenomena and their role in recognition. Functional imaging studies are reviewed and support the role of repetition suppression and persistent activity in parahippocampal and prefrontal cortices as well as parietal cortex in recognition memory. The imaging studies are particularly relevant to the study of dissociations between familiarity and recollection.
The economic sociology of markets, industries, and firms

Economic sociology is quickly evolving as an ‘‘umbrella’’ theoretical enterprise seeking to integrate various insights drawn from organizational, cultural, and political sociology. Its focus of attention is on what makes markets, industries, and ¢rms stable arrangements for organizing economic exchange. At its core, economic sociology is concerned with the social organization of the economy, or, if one prefers, with the social foundations of economic life. While the greatest sociological minds made important, if extremely diverse, contributions to this area ^ from Max Weber to Karl Polanyi and Talcott Parsons ^ few sociologists have attempted to provide this re-emerging ¢eld with a solid theoretical underpinning. Neil Fligstein is perhaps the one who has most successfully formulated a theoretical agenda for economic sociology, and pursued it in a variety of empirical papers. The Architecture of Markets is one of those books that no sociologist ^ economic or not ^ can aiord to ignore because it speaks to fundamental debates in sociology, including the origins of institutions, the shared understandings that underlie action, and the complex relationship between society and the state. In a diierent way, the essays in TheTwenty-FirstCentury Firm, edited by Paul DiMaggio, a very prominent organizational and cultural sociologist, address similar issues. In combination, the two volumes oier a stimulating set of concepts, ideas, and perspectives ^ and no shortage of unresolved questions and puzzles.
The Economic Value of Informal Caregiving for Persons With Dementia: Results From 38 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2015 and 2016 BRFSS.

Objectives. To estimate the economic value from a societal perspective of informal caregiving of persons with dementia in 38 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.Methods. Using a cost ...
Perioperative Risk Factors Associated With Morbidity and Mortality Following Pediatric Inpatient Sinus Surgery.

Objectives:Pediatric sinus surgery is indicated for a wide range of sinonasal and skull base pathologies, but it is most commonly performed for recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis or complicated ac...
A Systems Approach to Waste Management

Abstract This chapter approaches the challenges of waste management from a multidisciplinary, systems perspective. One of the key considerations is the importance of prevention and waste reduction, compared to simply receiving and treating wastes. Life cycle assessment is an important tool for finding areas of improvement of efficiencies and the elimination of wastes from various stages of production and operation of products.
Trends in Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Among Pregnant Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the United States: A Cross-sectional Analysis.

Background Although pregnancy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) carries a high risk for mother and fetus, outcomes may be improving. Objective To assess nationwide trends and disparities in maternal and fetal complications among pregnant women with SLE. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting United States, 1998 to 2015. Patients Adult pregnant women with and without SLE who had hospitalizations recorded in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Measurements Outcome measures were in-hospital maternal mortality, fetal mortality, preeclampsia or eclampsia, caesarean sections, non-delivery-related admissions, and length of stay. To assess whether trends in outcomes over time differed between patients with SLE and those without SLE, logistic or linear regression with an interaction term between year and SLE (yes or no) was used. Nationwide population estimates incorporating sampling and poststratification weights were obtained. Results An estimated 93 820 pregnant women with SLE and 78 045 054 without SLE were hospitalized in the United States from 1998 through 2015. Outcomes improved during those 18 years. In-hospital maternal deaths (per 100 000 admissions) declined among patients with as well as those without SLE (442 vs. 13 for 1998 to 2000 and Limitations The sample for this analysis was identified by using diagnostic codes; detailed information on hospital-specific trends, SLE disease activity, and medications was not available. Race trends could not be analyzed. Given that NIS uses weighted estimates, the incidence of outcomes reported may not be exact. Conclusion In this large study examining SLE and non-SLE pregnancies over 18 years, in-hospital maternal mortality and overall outcomes improved markedly, particularly among women with SLE. However, improvement is still needed, because SLE pregnancy risks remain high. Primary funding source None.
‘Literary Evenings’ at the Greek National Theatre, 1945–6: popular education and the literary canon

This article recounts the little-known story of the ‘Literary Evenings’ (1945–6), a series of literary recitals staged at the Greek National Theatre and organized by members of the Generation of the 1930s. Set against the background of intense political rivalry that followed the Varkiza Agreement, the ‘Literary Evenings’ capture the post-war aspirations for the popularization of high culture. Drawing upon hitherto unexplored archival material, this article aims to offer a new, historically informed understanding of the Generation of the 1930s, while also directing attention to the aural consumption of literary texts as an unacknowledged force behind canon formation.
Superior Hypogastric Nerve Block

Video Objective To introduce a presacral nerve block for regional anesthesia in the pelvis. Setting Selected for patients with midline pelvic pain, endometriosis, and dysmenorrhea. The context of these procedures is in a high volume benign minimally invasive gynecologic surgery service with a single advanced laparoscopic surgeon at two hospitals within a health care system in an urban setting. The block is performed as part of an ERAS protocol for patients undergoing elective surgery with the outlined indications. Interventions The authors elected to modify the presacral neurectomy from a permanent transection of the superior hypogastric nerve plexus to a temporary medical neurectomy as a regional block. The block is a component of the regional anesthesia plan within a standardized ERAS protocol. The anesthesia solution used for the block is 10 cc of 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine mixed with 10mg dexamethasone. Conclusion Given the ease in performing the nerve block, the historical context of the presacral neurectomy amongst gynecologic surgeons who care for chronic pelvic pain, the progress being made in ERAS protocols for gynecologic surgery services, and the extremely promising anecdotal experiencing for our institution, further study of this technique is warranted.
Impact of inaccurate clinical staging for gastric cancer on patient survival outcomes.

345Background: Accurate clinical staging (CS) in gastric cancer is critical for appropriate treatment selection and prognostication, but CS remains highly ineffective. Our study aims to evaluate th...
Probing solid-state reaction through microstrain: A case study on synthesis of LiCoO2

Abstract Solid-state reaction has been widely adopted as a low-cost and scalable approach to synthesize inorganic materials for industrial applications. However, a special caution must be paid to carefully control the synthesis condition in order to obtain final products with desired structure and physical/chemical properties. In this work, LiCoO2 was investigated as a model material to illustrate the complexity of the solid-state reaction, as well as its condition control. Taking the advantage of the high flux and high penetration capability of synchrotron X-ray source, in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction was deployed to investigate the structural evolution of materials during the solid-state reaction while ex-situ high-resolution X-ray diffraction was utilized to quantify the residual microstrains of LiCoO2. It is shown that the microstrain is a sensitive indicator to probe the completeness of the solid-state reactions, and that it also provides a more quantitative way to establish the structure-property relationship of materials. It can serve as a sensitive indicator for the rational design of synthesis process for functional materials.
The Overlapping and Distinct Roles of HAM Family Genes in Arabidopsis Shoot Meristems

In Arabidopsis shoot apical meristems (SAMs), a well-characterized regulatory loop between WUSCHEL (WUS) and CLAVATA3 (CLV3) maintains stem cell homeostasis by regulating the balance between cell proliferation and cell differentiation. WUS proteins, translated in deep cell layers, move into the overlaying stem cells to activate CLV3. The secreted peptide CLV3 then regulates WUS levels through a ligand-receptor mediated signaling cascade. CLV3 is specifically expressed in the stem cells and repressed in the deep cell layers despite presence of the WUS activator, forming an apical-basal polarity along the axis of the SAM. Previously, we proposed and validated a hypothesis that the HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) family genes regulate this polarity, keeping the expression of CLV3 off in interior cells of the SAM. However, the specific role of each individual member of the HAM family in this process remains to be elucidated. Combining live imaging and molecular genetics, we have dissected the conserved and distinct functions of different HAM family members in control of CLV3 patterning in the SAMs and in the de novo shoot stem cell niches as well.
Abstract 14052: Differences in Pediatric Cholesterol Screening Rates Between Family Medicine and Pediatrics Correlate With Conflicting Guidelines

Introduction: In 2011, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute released pediatric cardiovascular guidelines, recommending universal cholesterol screening between ages 9-11 and 17-21 years. Th...
Approaches to Perioperative Pain Management in the Plastic Surgical Patient

Plastic surgery is unique in that the specialty encompasses procedures performed all over the body and range from simple (e.g., scar revision) to extremely complex (e.g., microvascular free tissue transfer). Many principles of perioperative pain management transcend this particular field and are applied broadly when managing surgical patients. In this chapter we will consider how emerging perioperative pain control techniques influence the management of plastic surgical patients. The diversity of pain control modalities discussed will reflect the diversity of plastic surgery, and will inform an evidence-based practice. Multimodal analgesia strategies will be discussed with particular attention to opioids, NSAIDs, gabapentinoids, local anesthetics, and regional blocks and an emphasis on opioid-sparing techniques.
Interesting Cases in Pediatric Radiology: Ingestions, Insertions, and Aspirations

Abstract Foreign body injury is a common problem found in children. Young children begin to explore their environment via hand to mouth and may not know the difference between what is edible and inedible. They can ingest, insert, inhale, or aspirate foreign bodies into bodily orifices. Many objects can pass spontaneously but some require further intervention, beginning with radiographic imaging. Early diagnosis, referral, and treatment are recommended to prevent complications.
NumaPerf: Predictive and Full NUMA Profiling.

Parallel applications are extremely challenging to achieve the optimal performance on the NUMA architecture, which necessitates the assistance of profiling tools. However, existing NUMA-profiling tools share some similar shortcomings, such as portability, effectiveness, and helpfulness issues. This paper proposes a novel profiling tool - NumaPerf - that overcomes these issues. NumaPerf aims to identify potential performance issues for any NUMA architecture, instead of only on the current hardware. To achieve this, NumaPerf focuses on memory sharing patterns between threads, instead of real remote accesses. NumaPerf further detects potential thread migrations and load imbalance issues that could significantly affect the performance but are omitted by existing profilers. NumaPerf also separates cache coherence issues that may require different fix strategies. Based on our extensive evaluation, NumaPerf is able to identify more performance issues than any existing tool, while fixing these bugs leads to up to 5.94x performance speedup.
Worldwide Taxation on Data Capital

This chapter purposes a global tax on data capital supplemented by “data as fiscal” for regulating data capital, by rethinking Thomas Piketty’s “global tax on capital” and Viktor Mayer-Schonberger’s “tax paid in data.” This regulation involves a starting point of flatting tax as much as possible, an idea on progressive tax treaties, a basis of recognizing the identity of data sovereign for data producers, and a recommendation that is to implement “data as a tax credit” in the production of public data products or services. By finding out how profit-sharing works between data producers and data providers, the regulation can collect the relevant data of a global tax on data capital for future use.
Perceptions of corporate corruption culture and debt contracting

Abstract We find that the perception of corporate corruption culture in the top executive team affects both pricing and non-pricing loan provisions. Firms with higher levels of perceived corruption culture face higher interest spreads and are more likely to receive a collateral requirement. The bank syndicate is larger and more performance-based covenants and managerial negative restrictions (e.g., limits on capital expenditures or dividend restrictions) are put in place in loans made to firms with higher levels of perceived executive-based corruption. We further find that cultural proximity between lenders and borrowers mitigates the perceived corruption effects significantly, leading to contracts that are less costly and less restrictive. Additional tests suggest that lenders display an in-group bias in favor of culturally proximate borrowers.
An Advanced Decision-Support Tool for Electricity Infrastructure Operations

A major failure in the electricity infrastructure would almost certainly lead to significant societal disruption and massive economic losses. The reliable operation of the electricity infrastructure is an extremely challenging task because human operators have to consider thousands of possible configurations in near real time to choose the best option. Nevertheless, the operation of the electricity infrastructure is largely based on operator experience with limited real-time decision support. This makes it difficult for operators to anticipate, recognize and respond to anomalies caused by human error, natural disasters or cyber attacks.
The Problematic Venture Capitalist

The federal government has actively financed new firms, particularly in high-technology industries, for several decades. The U.S. Congress is now reconsidering the largest such program, the SBIR program. Although the program has enjoyed some successes to date, efforts to make the program permanent and expand its size are problematic. First, the venture capital industry has dramatically expanded since the program9s enactment. Second, like similar efforts, the program has been subject to distortions in awardee selection. These concerns suggest that the program should continue to be temporary, with the burden of proof on those who wish to continue the program.
Spotlight on Renin : Therapeutic opportunities for renin inhibitors

Although research has shown that blocking theinitial step in the cascade has the potential foradditional improvements in therapy, thedevelopment of renin inhibitors has been besetwith problems. The cost of synthesis, low andvariable bioavailability, the lack of appropriateanimal models and the success of the ARB classhave all impacted development. Efforts toconquer these problems, however, are provingsuccessful and a new era in the development ofrenin inhibitors has emerged. I provide here asynopsis of my recently published paper (co-authored with Naomi Fisher) that looks at theseissues in detail.
Ribonuclease Sensitivity of Semliki Forest Virus Nucleocapsids

Treatment of Semliki Forest virus nucleocapsids with pancreatic ribonuclease (1 mug/ml, 37 C) digests the ribonucleic acid to acid-soluble fragments; the nucleocapsid protein forms a rapidly sedimenting aggregate.
High-moisture corn utilization in finishing cattle.

Two finishing trials, one laboratory trial and one metabolism trial were conducted with the following objectives: 1) to determine the associative effects of feeding high-moisture corn (HMC) with either dry-rolled grain sorghum (DRGS) or dry-rolled corn (DRC) and 2) to evaluate HMC when harvested at different moisture levels, stored in different structures, or fed as whole or rolled HMC. In Trial 1, yearling steers (BW, 328 kg) were fed diets containing mixtures of HMC and DRGS. As level (0, 33, 100%, as percentage of grain DM) of DRGS increased, ADG (P less than .03) and gain/feed (P less than .001) decreased linearly; gain/feed tended to be affected quadratically (P = .14). In Trial 2, yearling steers (BW, 382 kg) fed HMC, stored whole in an upright, oxygen-limiting silo and rolled coarsely before feeding, gained faster (1.46 vs 1.36 kg/d) and more efficiently (.142 vs. .131 gain/feed) than steers fed whole HMC (P less than .01). In Trial 3, as length of storage of bunker HMC increased, in vitro rate of starch digestion and soluble N content increased (20.4 and 36.8%, respectively) and grain pH decreased (10.9%). In Trial 4, steers fed HMC or a mixture of 75% HMC with 25% DRGS had similar ruminal pH throughout a grain adaptation period, but total ruminal VFA were greater (P less than .005) for steers fed HMC alone. These data are interpreted to suggest that feeding a mixture of HMC, ground and stored in a bunker or silo bag, with DRGS will result in a 3.2% associative effect. However, no associative effects were measured when a mixture of HMC, stored whole and fed whole or rolled, and DRC were fed.
An adaptive approach to statistical macromodeling of analog integrated circuits

A generic methodology for adaptive multi-level statistical macromodeling of analog integrated circuits is presented. Three statistical models of an increasing level of complexity are used to model statistical performances of basic building blocks such as Op Amps, and adaptive selection of these models is introduced. Examples of statistical macromodeling are given, showing good accuracy of the proposed approach.
Approximating Minimum Cuts under Insertions

This paper presents insertions-only algorithms for maintaining the exact and approximate size of the minimum edge cut and the minimum vertex cut of a graph. The algorithms output the approximate or exact size k in time O(1) or O(log n) and a cut of size k in time linear in its size. The amortized time per insertion is O(1/e2) for a (2+e)-approximation, O((log λ)((log n)/e)2) for a (1+e)-approximation, and O(λ log n) for the exact size of the minimum edge cut, where n is the number of nodes in the graph, λ is the size of the minimum cut and e>0. The (2+e)-approximation algorithm and the exact algorithm are deterministic, the (1+e)-approximation algorithm is randomized. The algorithms are optimal in the sense that the time needed for m insertions matches the time needed by the best static algorithm on a m-edge graph. We also present a static 2-approximation algorithm for the size κ of the minimum vertex cut in a graph, which takes time O(n2min(√n,κ)). This is a factor of κ faster than the best algorithm for computing the exact size, which takes time O(κ2n2+κ3n1.5). We give an insertionsonly algorithm for maintaining a (2+e)-approximation of the minimum vertex cut with amortized insertion time O(n(logκk)/e).
Bose-Einstein condensation of sodium atoms

Summary form only given. Bose-Einstein condensation (BEG) has been observed in a dilute gas of sodium atoms. A Bose-Einstein condensate consists of a macroscopic population of the ground state of the system and is a coherent state of matter. In an ideal gas, this phase transition is purely quantum statistical. The study of BEC in weakly interacting systems that can be controlled and observed with precision holds the promise of revealing new macroscopic quantum phenomena that can be understood from first principles.
Optimizing Success: A Model for Persistence in Online Education

The first-year experience for students enrolled in an online degree program, particularly the orientation and the first course experience, is critical to success and completion. The experience of one online university in improving persistence through enhancing orientation and the first academic course is presented. Factors impacting persistence are identified and the development of a university orientation seminar and the foundations for graduate study course are explored. The positive results of this first-year effort are presented along with implications for continued improvement and for distance education.
Paracrine TGF-β Signaling Counterbalances BMP-Mediated Repression in Hair Follicle Stem Cell Activation

Hair follicle (HF) regeneration begins when communication between quiescent epithelial stem cells (SCs) and underlying mesenchymal dermal papillae (DP) generates sufficient activating cues to overcome repressive BMP signals from surrounding niche cells. Here, we uncover a hitherto unrecognized DP transmitter, TGF-β2, which activates Smad2/3 transiently in HFSCs concomitant with entry into tissue regeneration. This signaling is critical: HFSCs that cannot sense TGF-β exhibit significant delays in HF regeneration, whereas exogenous TGF-β2 stimulates HFSCs in vivo and in vitro. By engineering TGF-β- and BMP-reporter mice, we show that TGF-β2 signaling antagonizes BMP signaling in HFSCs but not through competition for limiting Smad4-coactivator. Rather, our microarray, molecular, and genetic studies unveil Tmeff1 as a direct TGF-β2/Smad2/3 target gene, expressed by activated HFSCs and physiologically relevant in restricting and lowering BMP thresholds in the niche. Connecting BMP activity to an SC's response to TGF-βs may explain why these signaling factors wield such diverse cellular effects.
An overview of the IBM zEnterprise EC12 processor cooling system

On September 19, 2012 IBM announced its latest System z Enterprise Class zServer, the IBM zEnterprise EC12 (zEC12). This server uses a 96 mm glass ceramic substrate to interconnect processors and related cache chips on a multi-chip module (MCM). In rare applications, the power in these MCMs can exceed 2000W, well beyond air cooling capability. This paper describes a new cooling methodology IBM employs in zEC12 to cool its processor MCMs. From the IBM S/390 G4, which first shipped in 1997, through z196 which is EC12's enterprise class predecessor, IBM's high end System z servers have utilized vapor compression refrigeration to cool its processor MCMs. In zEC12, the thermal solution employs an air to water heat exchanger to provide this function. This paper discusses the technical details of this cooling system. Thermal performance of each component of the cooling path from processor core to ambient, as well as comparison to prior cooling approaches in terms of temperatures, reliability, and energy efficiency will be reviewed. In summary, this technology shows considerable promise for cooling this class of server.
Alcohol intake stimulates epithelial proliferation in an authentic model of the human breast

Abstract The voluntary consumption of alcohol by humans is a modifiable lifestyle factor that has been consistently linked to a woman's risk of developing breast cancer. We have used an animal model that closely recapitulates breast development in humans to study the effect of alcohol intake on breast growth and morphology. Pubertal female pigs were fed alcohol for 4–5 weeks at 19–21% of total caloric intake, which led to average blood alcohol concentrations of 115–130 mg/dL. Alongside increased liver mass, alcohol intake promoted the formation of distended ductules within lobular units in association with increased epithelial proliferation. Alcohol consumption also increased phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT5 in the mammary epithelium, but did not lead to any evidence of precocious lactogenesis. In conclusion, feeding alcohol to female pigs having a similar physiology and mammary gland morphology to humans during a reproductive state equivalent to human adolescence leads to increased mammary gland proliferation and development of atypical lobular structures. These changes may phenocopy how alcohol intake increases the risk for developing breast cancer in humans.
Is Cold the Cause of Anticyclones

IN a review of Loomis's papers in this volume of NATURE, p. 2, occur the following sentences:—“While all, or nearly all, of the high pressure of anticyclones may be accounted for by the very low temperatures which overspread the same region at the same time along with the resulting upper currents concentrating upon them from adjoining cyclonic regions, it is quite different with the low pressures of cyclones. In the case of cyclones the problem is complicated by the strong winds, the copious precipitation, and the ascending currents, which affect the results in ways which no physicist has yet been able to explain.”
The Conservative Expected Value: A New Measure with Motivation from Stock Trading via Feedback

Abstract The probability distribution for profits and losses associated with a feedback-based stock-trading strategy can be highly skewed. Accordingly, when this random variable has a large expected value, it may be a rather unreliable indicator of performance. That is, a large profit may be exceedingly improbable even though its expected value is high. In addition, the lack of confidence in the underlying stock price model contributes to lack of reliability in the expected value for profits and losses. Motivated by these issues, in this paper, we propose a new measure, called the Conservative Expected Value (CEV), which discounts the “ordinary” expected value. Once the CEV is defined, it is calculated for some classical probability distributions and a few of its important properties are established.
Congenital Anomalies of the Pediatric Cervical Spine

Understanding the complexities of congenital deformities of the cervical spine and their sequelae is greatly enhanced by knowledge of the development of the cervical spine. Although many of these deformities are asymptomatic, when encountered, it is important for the physician to identify potential problem patterns and to be aware of any associated systemic manifestations. In this article, we discuss Klippel-Feil syndrome, torticollis, os odontoideum, and congenital absent cervical pedicle in detail but also other disorders that commonly involve the cervical spine. The presentation, investigation, and management of congenital cervical spine anomalies will also be discussed.
Thermodynamic properties of CexTh1−xO2 solid solution from first-principles calculations

Abstract A systematic study based on first-principles calculations along with a quasi-harmonic approximation has been conducted to calculate the thermodynamic properties of the CexTh1−xO2 solid solution. The predicted density, thermal expansion coefficients, heat capacity and thermal conductivity for the CexTh1−xO2 solid solution all agree well with the available experimental data. The thermal expansion coefficient for ThO2 increases with CeO2 substitution, and complete substitution shows the highest expansion coefficient. On the other hand, the mixed CexTh1−xO2 (0
Negative plasma potential in unmagnetized DC electropositive plasma with conducting walls

Abstract Negative plasma potentials were obtained in DC hot filament unmagnetized electropositive argon plasma for sufficiently low neutral pressure. Double layers provide ion and electron confinement near the walls. The potential profiles from the center of the plasma to the potential minima are quite similar in shape to those observed when the plasma has positive plasma potentials. The primary electrons emitted from the filaments are important for charge conservation and for modification of the Bohm criteria but are not important for current balance.
Daily vs. Periodic Nitrogen Addition Affects Growth and Tissue Nitrogen in Perennial Ryegrass Turf

Nitrogen is typically supplied to turfgrasses either in large episodic pulses of readily available fertilizer N, or in relatively small, constant fluxes from mineralization, slow release fertilizers, or fertigation. There is little information on the comparative physiology and productivity resulting from each strategy. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine turfgrass productivity and N partitioning as a function of daily (near-constant) vs. intermittent N supply. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was grown in solution culture and fertilized daily with KNO3 at rates ranging from 0.56 to 11.1 kg N ha -1 d -1 (daily N), or in pulses delivered every 8, 16, or 32 d to supply 50 kg N ha -1 mo -1 (intermittent N). Leaf growth rate, reduced N, and NO 3 -N content were relatively stable under daily N, with steady state values for each parameter strongly affected by N rate. Intermittent N caused fluctuations in growth and tissue N coincident with application. Nitrogen absorption was rapid and complete for all but the highest rate of daily N. Nitrogen supplied intermittently was absorbed quantitatively across a period of 8 to 36 h. Allocation to new leaf growth accounted for 88 to 119% of the absorbed N. Shoot biomass increased, whereas root biomass and length decreased with increasing daily N rate. The results indicate that while daily N supply produces relatively constant growth and stable tissue N pools, there is little benefit to long-term productivity and N use efficiency when compared with intermittent supply of N.
Sp(2) BRST invariant quantization of strings: The harmonic gauge

Abstract We analyze the mixed algebra of local diffeomorphisms and Weyl transformations for bosonic strings. BRST and anti-BRST operators are then constructed keeping a manifest Sp(2) invariance. The harmonic gauge arises as a natural gauge choice. All this work is redone in the presence of a two-dimensional background metric. We manage to write down a simple action, to compute the stress tensor and to work out the critical dimensions.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF EXPERIMENTAL NEPHRITIS WITH FERRITIN-CONJUGATED ANTIBODY : THE BASEMENT MEMBRANES AND CISTERNAE OF VISCERAL EITHELIAL CELLS IN NEPHRITIC RAT GLOMERULI

Ferritin-conjugated antibody has been used to identify by electron microscopy the sites at which nephrotoxic globulins localize in rat kidney during acute experimental glomerulonephritis. Antibody was concentrated in the glomerular basement membrane and in basement membrane-like material contained in distended cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. These data confirm and amplify, at the ultrastructural level, the results of studies obtained with the fluorescent antibody technique, and are consistent with the hypothesis that the cisternae and capillary basement membrane possess common proteins.
Work and non‐work correlates of illness and behaviour in male and female Swedish white collar workers

Four broad classes of dependent variables (psychological strain, physical illness symptoms, health-related behaviour and social participation) were associated with eleven categories of stressors and stress moderators from work and family life, using multiple logistic regression analysis for a random sample of 8700 full-time male and female members of T.C.O., a major Swedish white-collar labour federation (covering 25 per cent of the Swedish labour force). Our goal was to find broad patterns of associations by comparing relative magnitudes of effects for (a) stressors and stress moderators; (b) work and family activities, and (c) males and females. Fifty per cent of the associations between environmental factors and dependent variables were significant in the predicted direction at the 5 per cent level. However, only 5 per cent of the associations are as strong, for example, as average smoking/heart disease associations. Our primary conclusion is that job factors are the next strongest set of predictors of health and behaviour after age. Job factors are stronger than family factors for both men and women; proportionally increasing the explained variance by over 60 per cent versus roughly 20 per cent for family factors (over the 25 per cent of explanation due to demographic factors). The overall pattern of stressor/outcome associations is quite similar for men and women, although both job/outcome and family burden/outcome associations are stronger for women than for men. We failed to find a clear linkage between particular stressors and particular physical illnesses. Among the job factors, control and work load have the strongest associations; with the former predicting behaviour patterns and job satisfaction (along with social support), and the latter predicting mental strain symptoms. Family problems are associated with increased health risks (stronger for men) and family responsibilities and constraints affect health behaviour (stronger for women). Job satisfaction is the most successfully predicted outcome in the study, and is similarly affected for men and women.
Death of Love/Love of Death: Leslie Marmon Silko's Almanac of the Dead

Leslie Marmon Silko's second novel, Almanac of the Dead, portrays a nightmarish wasteland of violence, bestiality, cruelty, and crime. Deformed by grotesque familial relationships and debauched by sexual perversion, its characters are incapable of love. Even more chillingly, they seem-except for a few enraged revolutionaries-incapable even of hatred. Almanac reveals an utterly amoral and atomized society in which each isolated member is indifferent to everything but the gratifications of his own enervated passions. He is connected to nothing: all existence outside himself is reduced to a stock of commodities for which he must compete. There is cause to use the masculine pronoun here: Silko's focus of attack is explicitly the misogynistic, arrogantly hierarchical, and egocentric traditions of Western liberal individualism. The rejection and subsequent disintegration of communal tradition and ethical discipline have left a rutting ground for witchery. Silko's monstrous characters demonstrate that the philosophy of the primacy of the individual has in fact stripped individuals of the social and spiritual structures that define their humanity. Redemption depends upon reclamation of what seems irretrievably lost: a credible telos for ordered conduct and the essential interconnections that lend substance and coherence to such conduct.
Loxoscelism (brown recluse spider bites): a review of the literature.

(1979). Loxoscelism (Brown Recluse Spider Bites): A Review of the Literature. Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 353-358.
On estimating the total rate of the unobserved processes

Abstract We consider a superposition of an unknown number of independent homogeneous Poisson processes in which the source of each event can be identified. After observing the system for a fixed time t , the total rate, U ( t ), of the unobserved processes is to be estimated. We prove that a uniformly minimum mean squared error estimate of U ( t ) does not exist and all unbiased estimators of U ( t ) are negatively correlated with U ( t ) and derive the minimum mean squared error estimator among all unbiased estimators.
Homoepitaxial growth of (0 0 0 1)- and (0 0 0 1̄) -oriented ZnO thin films via metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy and their characterization

Abstract Homoepitaxial ZnO films have been grown via metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy on O- and Zn-terminated basal-plane-oriented ZnO substrates. Maps of on-axis X-ray rocking curves obtained over 2-in-diameter ZnO{0 0 0 1} wafers, diced from boules produced by vapor phase transport, revealed well-defined areas that ranged from 1050 arcsec FWHM, indicating the presence of tilted domains. This macrostructure was manifested in all the homoepitaxial ZnO films deposited on these wafers. The films grown on O-terminated ZnO surfaces were initially dense. However, they changed to a textured polycrystalline microstructure after ≈100 nm and possessed a surface roughness of 7.3 nm. By contrast, the films grown on the Zn-terminated surface under the same conditions were fully dense, without texture and appeared to be monocrystalline with a significantly improved surface roughness of 3.4 nm. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy of the wafers revealed high densities of edge dislocations and stacking faults with associated Frank partial dislocations.
Development of titanium alloy for lightweight lh sub 2 tankage

An analysis of typical liquid hydrogen (LH2) propellant tankage demonstrated that a 30-35% weight saving can be achieved by using 5Al-2.5Sn titanium (Ti) alloy as compared with highstrength steel and aluminum alloys. A unique grade of Ti alloy was developed to improve its toughness at — 423 °F. Evaluation of 22 heats of material showed that, by reducing the O, C, N, and Fe content, toughness could be increased. Two years of industry effort were necessary to develop coil stock (0.013). This cold-rolled material had better emissivity and absorptivity values than stainless steel, thereby reducing LH2 boiloff. Fusion butt welds and continuousresistance seam welds proved to be best in LH 2 static and fatigue tests. Significant cost savings were achieved by cold-forming the Ti bulkhead gores as compared with past hot-tooling techniques. A 10-ft-diam, 0.013-gage, 5Al-2.5Sn extra low interstitial (ELl) Ti alloy bulkhead was successfully welded. Titanium diaphragms, subjected to impact while containing liquid oxygen (LO2), ignited and burned. No reaction occurs with LH2. Based on the results of this and other related programs, titanium is ready to be used practically in LH 2 tankage.
The influence of DST and TRH test administration on depression assessments: A controlled study

Significant antidepressant effects have been reported after administration of dexamethasone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether or not the administration of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and TRH test in depressed patients, just before their entering clinical trials, has any impact on their symptoms. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was administered to 166 subjects at screen visit, 1 week later (baseline visit), and 1 week after beginning treatment with fluoxetine 20 mg/day (week-1). Between screen and baseline visits, 62 patients were administered the DST alone, 6 underwent the TRH test alone, and 26 received both the DST and the TRH test. Seventy-two patients were not administered either test. No statistically significant differences in depression scores were found at screen, baseline and week-1 visits between patients who underwent neuroendocrine tests and those who did not. Our data suggest that the administration of neuroendocrine tests such as the DST and the TRH test does not have a statistically significant effect on depressive symptoms and, therefore, does not interfere with study results and interpretation.