cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cost function for robust estimation of PCA

It is well known that Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is optimal in the sense of Mean Square Error (MSE). However, the estimation based on MSE is sensitive to noise or outliers, therefore, it is not a robust estimator. In order to get a robust estimation, absolute error criterion (L1 norm) could be used, but it is not differentiable at the origin point; and minimax criterion (L(infinity ) norm) could be also applied, but only for batch learning. In this paper, a cost function is proposed for robust estimation of the principal components of random variables. This cost function is rooted in the M-estimators in robust statistics. It has the form (phi) (t) equals 1-exp[-(Beta) t2]/1+exp[-(Beta) t2]. It is easy to verify that this function is an even, nonnegative, and differentiable at any value t. Hence, it overcomes the drawback of the discontinuity of the M-estimators. We derived an on- line adaptation rule for both the weights and the slope (Beta) of the cost function in a linear network. With the adjustable (Beta) , the relative position between near-linearity and the saturation can be adapted based on the given random data. Simulation results showed that the representation error of PCA is much more smoothed using the new cost function than that of the original PCA with MSE.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The motion and structure of stellar shadow‐band patterns

The structure of stellar shadow bands has been measured on eighteen nights using an optical Fourier analyser technique. The mean size of the pattern elements was found to be 15.6 cm. The measured pattern speed and direction of motion agreed reasonably well with the upper-air winds in the neighbourhood of 30,000 ft. The lifetime of the shadow-pattern elements was found to be of the order of tens of milliseconds.
Abstract B43: A novel breast cancer metastasis suppressor upstream of Hippo signaling

There is a pressing need to identify prognostic markers of metastatic diseases and targets for treatment. Combining high-throughput RNA sequencing, functional characterization, mechanistic studies, and clinical validation, we identify leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) as a breast cancer metastasis suppressor downstream of the miR-9 microRNA and upstream of Hippo signaling. Restoring LIFR expression in highly malignant tumor cells suppresses metastasis by triggering a Hippo kinase cascade that leads to phosphorylation, cytoplasmic retention, and functional inactivation of the transcriptional co-activator YAP. Conversely, loss of LIFR in non-metastatic breast cancer cells induces migration, invasion, and metastatic colonization through activation of YAP. LIFR is downregulated in human breast carcinomas and inversely correlates with metastasis. Notably, loss of LIFR in non-metastatic Stage I-III breast tumors is highly associated with poor metastasis-free, recurrence-free and overall survival outcomes in approximately 1,000 patients. These findings identify LIFR as a metastasis suppressor that functions through the Hippo-YAP pathway and has significant prognostic power. As the next step, we will dissect the role of LIFR in spontaneous breast tumorigenesis and metastasis using genetically engineered mouse models, elucidate the mechanisms by which LIFR activates Hippo signaling using biochemical approaches, and develop methods to restore LIFR expression or function as new anti-metastatic therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: Li Ma. A novel breast cancer metastasis suppressor upstream of Hippo signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B43.
Process for selecting microcomputer-based statistical software

The proliferation of microcomputers in academic environments has increased interest in using them for statistical computations. In the past many of these computations were done with mainframe or minicomputers using a limited number of highly sophisticated and well supported packages. With the current influx of microcomputer based packages, faculty and researchers are moving their statistical applications from the larger systems to microcomputers. In addition, many faculty and researchers, unfamiliar with large computer systems, are rapidly discovering the use of microcomputer for statistical analysis.The Instruction and Research Computer Center at The Ohio State University has over the last four to five years tried to take a leadership role in the selection of microcomputer software. Basically, the Center assessed the need for software and match that need with the best software for the University. Approximately one and a half years ago the Center began evaluating microcomputer statistical software. In the past, evaluation teams usually consisted ordinarily of the Director of the Center and our microcomputer experts. This approach worked extremely well for communications, basic wordprocessing, basic spreadsheets, and simple databases. The variety of available statistical software packages and the diverse needs of our faculty and researchers dictated a different approach. A statistical software review committee evolved. This committee consisted of faculty, researchers, the center's microcomputer experts, the associate director, and the director.This document reviews the steps taken at The Ohio State University to select the software. We are only partially through the analysis and selection process. Hopefully by the time of the conference, we will able to report about the completed project.
A nomogram for estimating the risk of unplanned readmission after major surgery.

Background Unplanned hospital readmissions among surgical patients are the target of multiple efforts to improve patient outcomes and to decrease avoidable costs. This study presents an analysis of unplanned readmissions for adult patients who undergo major surgery and the associated risk presented by clinical characteristics of the individual patients known before discharge. Methods Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop and validate a model for estimating risk of readmission using data from the participant use data file of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Results Unplanned readmission occurred in 5.3% of major surgery cases for patients who were discharged alive. A total of 48 candidate predictors of unplanned readmission were evaluated. A reduced model was developed that included the 10 covariates that provide the greatest contributions to the full model. The reduced model demonstrated good statistical performance (validated C statistic = 0.70) and demonstrated excellent calibration in an independent dataset of patients undergoing major surgery in 2012. The predictive equation from the reduced model is presented as a nomogram and formula for calculating individual patient risk of unplanned readmission. Conclusion Accurate identification of patients at high risk for unplanned readmission can be conducted using selected patient characteristics known before discharge. A nomogram reflecting the effects of these key patient characteristics can be used to calculate accurately a patient's individual risk of readmission. The availability of these estimates before discharge could improve the efficacy of discharge planning efforts and related programs coordinating care seeking to prevent avoidable readmission.
Divergent effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on energy intakes of Zucker rats

Oral dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) causes weight loss in the obese Zucker rat. To study this process, we fed lean and obese female Zucker rats either control chow diets alone or diets containing 0.6% DHEA for 4 weeks. DHEA treatment led to a significant increase in the caloric intake of lean-treatment rats and a significant decrease in obese-treatment rats compared to their respective controls. These phenotype-specific divergent effects began acutely and were sustained. The energy intake changes with DHEA treatment were significant after correcting for body weight. Divergent effects of DHEA were also observed in body weight changes and in the food efficiency ratios of the animals; DHEA affected obese rats but not lean ones. The results of the present study suggest that the appetite component of DHEA's antiobesity effect in the Zucker fatty rat cannot be discounted.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Dermatofibromas

The three-dimensional morphology of six dermatofibromas was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Hypertrophic epidermal ridges covered with large keratinized cells overlay each dermal lesion. Small collagenous fibers in the tumors contrasted with the bundles of much larger collagenous fibers in the normal dermis peripheral to the lesions.
Inhibition of the (Na+ + K+)-dependent ATPase by inorganic phosphate.

Abstract Inhibition of the ( Na + + K + )-dependent ATPase by inorganic phosphate, Pi, was examined in terms of product inhibition of the various activities catalyzed by an enzyme preparation from rat brain, and considered in terms of the specific transport processes of the membrane Na+,K+-pump that these activities reflect. The K+-dependent phosphatase activity of the enzyme was most sensitive to Pi, and inhibition was competitive toward the substrate, nitrophenyl phosphate, as would be expected if Pi were released from the same enzyme form that bound substrate. However, this enzymatic activity does not seem to represent a transport process, and thus a cyclical discharge of K+ may not be involved. The Na+-dependent exchange activity was unaffected by Pi, in accord with the absence of Pi release in the reaction sequence. For the corresponding Na+/Na+ exchange function of the pump, which reportedly does not involve ATP hydrolysis either, prior release of Pi obviously cannot be required for Na+ discharge. With the Na+-dependent ATPase activity, measured using micromolar concentrations of ATP, Pi inhibited, but far less than with the phosphatase activity, and inhibition was not competitive toward ATP. Moreover, inhibition decreased as the Na+ concentration was raised from 10 to 100 mM. This elevated concentration of Na+ also led to substrate inhibition. For this ATPase activity, and the corresponding transport process, uncoupled Na+ efflux, the findings suggest that Na+ discharge follows Pi release, in contrast to Na+/Na+ exchange. The ( Na + + K + )-dependent ATPase activity, measured with millimolar concentrations of ATP and reflecting the coupled Na+,K+-transport function, was similarly sensitive to Pi, and again inhibition was not competitive toward ATP. However, in this case inhibition did not increase as the Na+ concentration was lowered. For this activity, and the associated transport process, the site of Na+ discharge in the overall reaction sequence remains unresolved.
Prolactin receptors in primary cultures of carcinogen-induced rat-mammary tumors.

Abstract 7,12-Dimethylbenz [a] anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors were dissociated with collagenase and hyaluronidase and placed into primary culture. In most cultures, specific binding of 125I-labeled ovine prolactin was (i) lower than that for the original tumors unless bovine prolactin (1 μg/ml) had been added to the dissociation medium, and (ii) varied with the type of growth medium used. The level of prolactin binding in cultured cells was relatively constant for the first 7–10 days. Prolactin binding in cultured cell homogenates was maximal at pH 7.0, proportional to cell protein, specific for prolactin, and reached a steady state by 12 h at 22° C. The half-maximum inhibition of 125I-labeled prolactin binding by unlabeled prolactin was 100 ng/ml for cells grown in 5–1000 ng of prolactin/ml. After prolactin was removed from the growth medium, the level of available binding sites progressively increased, reached a maximum at 48 h and then declined. At 48 h, the dissociation constant for prolactin binding (Kd ∼ 1 × 10−10 M) was comparable to that in tumors. In some cultured tumors, a 48-h treatment with 0.5 or 1.0 ng of prolactin/ml caused an apparent increase in the level of prolactin binding. Prolactin increased DNA synthesis and its removal caused a reduction in [3H]estradiol and [3H]R5020 binding to cultured cell cytosols.
A review of olmesartan medoxomil monotherapy: antihypertensive efficacy similar to that of other angiotensin II receptor blocker/hydrochlorothiazide combinations?

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have been available in the United States since 1995. These agents have demonstrated antihypertensive efficacy at least similar to that of agents from other antihypertensive classes. Recent large-scale, randomized, controlled clinical trials have demonstrated that ARBs offer cardiovascular and renal protective benefits independent of their effects on systemic blood pressure (BP), which make them valuable as first-line antihypertensive agents, especially in high-risk patients. However, as is the case with other antihypertensive classes, monotherapy with the first-available ARBs (losartan potassium, valsartan, and irbesartan) may not provide sufficient BP reduction to achieve currently recommended BP goals in many patients. The diuretic hydrochlorothiazide is frequently added to enhance the ability of ARBs to lower BP. Several head-to-head comparison studies have shown differences in antihypertensive efficacy among the available ARBs. The newest ARB, olmesartan medoxomil, was recently compared with losartan potassium, irbesartan, and valsartan in a prospective, head-to-head, randomized trial. In this study, olmesartan medoxomil demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in diastolic BP, the primary end point, compared with the other three ARBs. Further, a review of the absolute reductions in diastolic BP achieved with olmesartan medoxomil monotherapy appears comparable to that of previously available ARBs when they are used in combination with hydrochlorothiazide. These comparisons may have important clinical implications regarding the optimal choice of first-line antihypertensive therapy.
Plasmodium gallinaceum: avian immunologic tolerance to serum antigens.

Abstract Neonatal chicks were injected with malarious or normal serum and later challenged with malarious serum. Eleven days after challenge serum was taken from both groups and titered by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Those chicks initially injected with malarious serum were completely tolerant to challenge. Those given normal serum responded to challenge. Rechallenge of both groups with malarious serum resulted in similar findings to those above indicating the induction of immunologic tolerance in those initially given malarious serum for a period of at least 30 days.
Molecular simulation of polymeric networks and gels: phase behavior and swelling

Abstract Polymer gels are commonly used in industrial, analytical, and domestic applications; their uses are likely to continue expanding as gels with novel chemical and structural characteristics are developed. These applications often rely on the precise control of the adsorption behavior of a gel. Development of useful gels, however, has been hampered by a lack of molecular-level understanding of the physics underlying phase transitions in such materials. In this report, we review recent molecular simulation work related to the study of fundamental aspects of network elasticity and of phase transitions in polymeric gels. In particular, simulations of simplified (coarse-grained) molecular models are described which provide insights into the general behavior of gels, as opposed to studies concerned with the properties of specific materials. Methodological aspects unique to the simulation of different properties of polymeric gels are emphasized. We also pay special attention to the role of entropic factors (such as network topology, backbone stiffness, chain length asymmetry), over that of energetic interactions (such as hydrofobic interactions or ionic forces) on the onset and characteristics of phase transitions in gels. In spite of the important advances made over the last years in methodology and computer hardware, many challenges remain if phase transitions for more realistic gel models are to be simulated.
Infrared emission spectroscopy of glow discharge formed in low pressure atmospheric gases

Laboratory study was conducted on the molecular and atomic emissions which are considered detectable in the IR radiative background of the upper atmosphere. The IR spectra of glow discharge emission formed in air and other atmospheric constituent gases of 0.1-Torr pressure and a 30-m long column were surveyed using the technique of Fourier spectroscopy. Several features hitherto unobserved were detected in our survey study.
Who Dat?: Race and Its Conspicuous Consumption in Post-Katrina New Orleans

This article explores the fraught neoliberal refashioning of post-Katrina New Orleans in relation to concurrent modes of racialized inclusion and exclusion. I suggest an intensification of market forces during this period has hastened a privileging of certain acceptable, often gendered forms of blackness tied to their performance-centered market consumption while simultaneously rendering others criminal and/or violently disposable. Such racial regulation, it is argued, is tantamount to a kind of “contractual blackness” within New Orleans' neoliberalized landscape that delineates commercially assimilable and therefore “good” black subjects from deviantly “bad” and hence expendable ones. The article follows with explorations of how some African American working class men mediate these duel economies of consumption/disposability through varying performative strategies of black possibility and alterity.
Urbanization alters watershed hydrology in the Piedmont of North Carolina

The ecohydrologic effects of urbanization that is dominated by forests clearing are not well understood in the southeastern United States. We utilized long-term monitoring data to quantify the annual water balance, stormflow characteristics, and seasonal flow patterns of an urbanized watershed (UR) (0Ð70 km 2 ) and compared it to a fully forested watershed (FOR) (2Ð95 km 2 ) in central North Carolina. The goal of this study was to assess how past urbanization altered watershed hydrology and to offer reference data for urban watershed planning. The mean annual discharge coefficient (discharge/precipitation) in the UR and FOR from 2000 to 2007 was 0Ð42 and 0Ð24, respectively. The UR generated about 75% more stormflow than the FOR. The UR had a lower mean evapotranspiration (ET) rate (58%) than the FOR (77%). Peakflow rates and stormflow volume of the UR were higher (e.g. 76Ð6 mm/day versus 5Ð8 mm/day for peakflow rate and 77Ð9 mm/day versus 7Ð1 mm/day for stormflow volume) than the FOR, especially during the growing season. Growing season precipitation minus discharge
Axillary Sentinel Lymph Nodes Can Be Falsely Positive Due to Iatrogenic Displacement and Transport of Benign Epithelial Cells in Patients With Breast Carcinoma

Purpose Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for cytokeratins (CK) is common practice in evaluating sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in patients with breast carcinoma. IHC positivity typically indicates metastasis. SLN procedures are increasingly common in patients with pure intraductal carcinoma (DCIS). Iatrogenic epithelial cell displacement and benign transport of breast epithelial cells into axillary lymph nodes are recently described phenomena. We report 25 cases in which these factors probably resulted in benign epithelial cells in axillary SLNs (ie, false positivity). Methods We reviewed 25 cases of CK-positive SLNs in which the epithelial cells had histologic and IHC characteristics different from their respective patients’ underlying breast carcinomas. Results In all cases, the cytologic features of the epithelial cells in the SLNs were benign, and 22 matched those of corresponding intraductal papillomas that were involved by or were separate from the DCIS in the original cores or surgical biopsies. Fif...
Magnitude and likelihood of loss resulting from non‐stratified randomization

We investigate the power of detecting treatment differences by the stratified logrank test for balanced samples as compared to samples with unequal allocation to treatments within strata. Given non-stratified randomization to treatments, we relate power losses to their probability of occurrence. In addition, we evaluate the likelihood of zero cells. For power calculations, we employ an asymptotic formula and complement by Monte Carlo simulations to verify results in small samples. In the cases investigated, our results show that large power losses due to imbalance are relatively unlikely with 2 strata. Small strata, however, involve a non-negligible probability of wasting all observations because of zero cells or censoring.
Acoustic cell filter: a proven cell retention technology for perfusion of animal cell cultures

This article is a review highlighting the application of the acoustic filter as a reliable cell retention device during the long-term perfusion of animal cell cultures. Critical operating parameters such as duty cycle, perfusion and re-circulation flow rates, acoustic power and backflush frequency are discussed with regard to influence on the separation efficiency and optimal operating ranges have been identified. Perfusion data gathered from the literature have been complemented with original data from a series of perfusion experiments carried out in the context of industrial projects for industrially relevant cell lines including NS0, HEK-293, SP2-derived hybridoma and insect cells in different serum-supplemented and serum-free media at different perfusion rates and acoustic chamber volumes. Finally, scale-up potential of the acoustic filter for large-scale industrial applications is discussed.
Parental Longevity and Diabetes Risk in the Diabetes Prevention Program

Background. Longevity clusters in families, and parental longevity may be associated with lower risk of chronic diseases in their children. It is unknown if diabetes risk is associated with parental longevity. Methods. We evaluated participants in the Diabetes Prevention Program with a parental history questionnaire at study entry. We classified them into five groups: premature death (parental death at age < 50 years), parental longevity (living to at least 80 years), and three intermediate groups (alive by age 49 but dying at age 50–59, 60–69, or 70–79). Those with alive parents and younger than 80 years were excluded. We analyzed separately effects of paternal (n = 2,165) and maternal (n = 1,739) longevity on diabetes incidence and risk after an average follow-up of 3.2 years. Results. At baseline, more diabetes risk factors (parental history of diabetes, coronary heart disease, higher body mass index, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, and corrected insulin response) were found in participants whose parents died prematurely. Diabetes incidence was 9.5 cases/100 person-years in the 229 whose fathers died prematurely. In the 618 with paternal longevity, the rate was 6.6 cases/100 person-years (hazard ratio [95% confidence in terval] = 0.68 [0.49–0.94]). The rates were 10.7 cases/100 person-years (n = 156) and 7.3 cases/100 person-years (n = 699, hazard ratio = 0.67 [95% confidence interval 0.47–0.95]) for those with maternal premature death or longevity, respectively. Associations with demographic and diabetes risk factors had minimal influence on the reduced risk found in those with paternal (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.52–1.16) and maternal (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.41–1.01) longevity.
Surgical Treatment of Epiphrenic Diverticula: A 30-Year Experience

Background Epiphrenic diverticula are rare and associated with esophageal motility abnormalities. Their optimal surgical treatment is debated, mortality being 9% in the largest reported surgical series of 33 patients. Our experience with a traditional thoracic approach was reviewed to provide benchmark data against which newer surgical techniques can be measured. Methods A retrospective review of 35 patients operated on for epiphrenic diverticula from 1976 to 2005 was conducted. All underwent open transthoracic operations: resection of the diverticulum, long esophagomyotomy, and antireflux operations (modified Belsey, 29 patients; Nissen, 4 patients) in 33 patients; resection and long myotomy alone in 1 patient; and plication, long myotomy, and Collis-Nissen in 1 patient. Preoperative assessment included barium esophagogram, flexible esophagoscopy, manometry, and standard acid reflux test. Operative complications and functional results were assessed. Results Median age was 71 years (range, 36 to 87 years). Diverticulum size averaged 6.4 cm (range, 3 to 14 cm). Sixty-eight percent presented to the right of the esophagus. The median duration of symptoms was 3 years. Presenting complaints included dysphagia (83%), regurgitation (69%), and chest pain (26%). Eighteen had a mean weight loss of 19 pounds. There was 1 perioperative death (2.8%) from a plicated diverticulum leak and one nonfatal suture line leak. Median hospital stay was 7 days. Mean follow-up was 45.3 months. Twenty-six patients (74%) had an excellent result (no residual symptoms). Seven required a periodic esophageal dilatation for intermittent mild dysphagia. Conclusions Traditional transthoracic resection, long esophagomyotomy, and an antireflux procedure provide excellent long-term functional results with relatively low postoperative morbidity in patients with epiphrenic diverticula.
El estudio del contraste entre incentivos: la contribución de Abram Amsel

Este articulo describe las contribuciones de Abram Amsel [1922-2006] al estudio del aprendizaje en situaciones que involucran la omision sorpresiva de incentivos. Se enfatizan algunos desarrollos recientes en el estudio del contraste sucesivo negativo consumatorio. Amsel propuso un modelo de la investigacion psicobiologica basado en una integracion de la teoria conductual con enfoques neurobiologicos y del desarrollo. Se sugiere aqui que dicho modelo esta implicito en muchas lineas actuales de investigacion que estan avanzando nuestra comprension de algunos fenomenos centrales de la psicologia, tales como el aprendizaje, la emocion y el conflicto.
Density-fitted singles and doubles coupled cluster on graphics processing units

We adapt an algorithm for singles and doubles coupled cluster (CCSD) that uses density fitting or Cholesky decomposition (CD) in the construction and contraction of all electron repulsion integrals (ERIs) for use on heterogeneous compute nodes consisting of a multicore central processing unit (CPU) and at least one graphics processing unit (GPU). The use of approximate three-index ERIs ameliorates two of the major difficulties in designing scientific algorithms for GPUs: (1) the extremely limited global memory on the devices and (2) the overhead associated with data motion across the bus. For the benzene trimer described by an aug-cc-pVDZ basis set, the use of a single NVIDIA Tesla C2070 (Fermi) GPU accelerates a CD-CCSD computation by a factor of 2.1, relative to the multicore CPU-only algorithm that uses six highly efficient Intel Core i7-3930K CPU cores. The use of two Fermi GPUs provides an acceleration of 2.89, which is comparable to that observed when using a single NVIDIA Kepler K20c GPU (2.73).
Ultra-broadband second-harmonic generation using spectral angular dispersion in quasi-phase-matched nonlinear materials

We demonstrate the use of spectral angular dispersion in quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation (SHG) of 138 fs pulse at 1550 nm in a 1-cm-long crystal of periodically-poled lithium niobate (collinear acceptance bandwidth 13 times narrower than the first-harmonic bandwidth) with minimal spectral narrowing. In addition, we discuss the unique potential of quasi-phase-matched nonlinear materials in noncollinear SHG, and compare this technique to other methods for broadband frequency conversion.
Training the next generation of robotic surgeons using guided mentorship: a randomized controlled trial.

Study Objective To evaluate the effect of expert guided mentorship on technical score and time for a set of robotic training drills. Design Prospective randomized controlled trial (Canadian Task Force classification I). Setting Academic institution. Subjects Fifty trainees in robotic surgery. Intervention Inexperienced trainees underwent either a 20-minute expert guided mentorship session or no intervention. The primary outcomes were technical score and time-to-drill completion for a set of dry lab robotic training drills evaluated at an initial and final skills assessment. The t-test, including paired analyses, was used to evaluate outcomes. Measurements and Main Results Forty-nine of 50 trainees (98%) completed the study. There were no significant differences in participant characteristics or initial performance between the 2 groups. During the final skills assessment, the intervention group demonstrated significantly better performance on 1 of 8 objective measures. They had a higher mean score for the bead transfer drill when compared with the control group (21.6 vs 19.9; p = .03). No differences in time-to-drill completion were noted between the 2 groups. Regardless of randomization, all participants had significantly improved scores for each of the drills on the final compared with the initial skills assessment (p < .01). Conclusions Although expert guided mentorship in a dry lab simulation environment seems feasible, further investigation is warranted before its widespread use because it may be more resource intensive than other teaching methods, without consistent objective improvements in technical performance.
A Pilot Study Investigating Behavioral Prescriptions for Depression

Depression is a prevalent and expensive condition. Many patients are seeking and receiving treatment for depression in the primary care setting where pharmaceutical interventions prevail as the predominant treatment. While psychotropic medications can certainly help ameliorate mental and behavioral problems, all medical interventions carry with them certain risks and side effects. A natural multiple-baseline (across participants), single-case experimental design was used in a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of “behavioral prescriptions” for cognitive-behavioral bibliotherapy with five depressed patients in a primary care setting. Results indicated that final depression self-report scores were lower than baseline and pre-treatment reports for every participant. At three month follow-up, three out of five participants reported no symptoms of depression, one participant reported minimal symptoms of depression, and one participant reported mild symptoms of depression. Behavioral prescriptions for cognitive bibliotherapy warrant further controlled research and may offer a cost-effective and practical treatment alternative to the pharmaceutical intervention of depression in primary care.
A derivative-free nonlinear algorithm for speed estimation using data from single loop detectors

This paper presents a derivative-free algorithm for speed estimation using occupancy and count outputs from single loop detectors. An unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is used for the nonlinear speed estimation problem and achieved excellent results. Data from a Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) vehicle detector test bed are used for the implementation of the UKF and also for performance evaluation of the implemented algorithm. The results showed that the UKF method has superior performance to other prior methods
Functional Role of Phylloquinone on the Acceptor Side of Photosystem 1

The stabilization of charge in the primary reaction of PSI is promoted by rapid electron transfer reactions involving the five redox centers A0A1FxFAFB (1). A0 is monomelic Chl a and FxFAFB are 4Fe:4S clusters. FX is associated with the PSI core and FAFB are localized on an 8·9 kDa polypeptide. Provisional identification of A1 as a quinone was based upon the EPR signal of A1 (2,3) and comparison of the electron spin polarized flash-induced EPR K-band spectrum of the species P700+A1 - with that of P870 +Q- in Fe-depleted bacterial reaction centers (4). Direct support for the participation of quinone followed a study of flash-induced optical transients at low temperature (5) and the specific reconstitution of room temperature electron transfer reactions in solvent-extracted cyanobacterial PSI using phylloquinone (vitamin K1) (6). The reconstitution studies have been recently confirmed using an ether-extracted preparation of PSI derived from spinach (7).
Causality and Accountability

Noninterference is a standard correctness condition for information flow control, but achieving it may sometimes be too expensive to be practical, particularly for distributed applications. A framework is introduced for specifying what forms of information flow control should be secured. Accountable noninterference requires that there be no information leaks via accountable information flows. An example application is in delineating sequential and distributed information flows, allowing different enforcement mechanisms for each. As such, the framework allows the specification of mechanism, dual to policy, in information flow control.
The seizure, not electricity, is essential in convulsive therapy: the flurothyl experience.

BackgroundFor more than 50 years, research in convulsive therapy has been focused on the impact of electricity and seizures on memory and not on brain chemistry or neurophysiology. Brief pulse and ultrabrief pulse currents replaced sinusoidal currents. Electrode placements were varied, energy dosing
A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents' Optimistic Bias about Risks and Benefits of Cigarette Smoking.

OBJECTIVES Optimistic bias, a perception that one's own risks are lower than others', can help explain why adolescents smoke cigarettes despite knowing their risks. We examined the extent and changes over time of adolescents' optimistic bias for various smoking-related perceptions of risks and benefits on the aggregate and individual level. METHODS Longitudinal study (6 measurements over 3 years) of 395 adolescents (mean age 14 years, SD=0.4, at baseline) who rated the chance of occurrence of 19 short- and long-term heath risks, social risks, addiction, and benefits related to cigarette smoking for self and comparable others. RESULTS Optimistic bias was consistently found only for addiction (83% of comparisons; 37%- 60% of adolescents). Addiction-related optimistic bias decreased significantly with time for "still be smoking in 5 years" (β = -2.44, p < .001) and for "become addicted" (β = -1.71, p < .001). This reduction resulted from a greater decrease in perceived risks for others rather than an increase in the adolescent's own perceived risk. For other risks and benefits, adolescents were either realistic or pessimistically biased. CONCLUSIONS Smoking-related optimistic bias in adolescents was not as prevalent as past studies showed. Anti-smoking interventions targeting adolescents should emphasize the risk of addiction and personal relevance of addiction.
Resection and Abdominal Wall Reconstruction of a Desmoid Tumor with Endometrioma Features

Desmoid tumors are rare, musculoaponeurotic mesenchymal origin tumors arising from the proliferation of well-differentiated fibroblasts. Desmoid tumors may arise from any location with the abdominal cavity, abdominal wall and extremity locations being most frequent. We present the case of a 35-year-old female with a history of endometriosis who presented palpable abdominal mass and cyclic abdominal pain. Resection was performed for a presumed desmoid soft tissue tumor. Final pathology demonstrated desmoid histology admixed with abdominal wall endometriosis (endometrioma). This unique pathologic finding has only been rarely reported and is discussed with a brief review of the literature.
Mud Loaded Packing Seal System in the Closed Water Circulation Pump

Through the introduction of mud loaded packing seal system,the CMS2000 layered shear seal system,the disadvantage in application of conventional packing seal in the pump and the application of the pros and cons of soft packing seal with conventional mechanical sealing system in a closed loop pump were discribed.The mud loaded packing seal system had an effective solution to the high cost of equipment maintenance,maintenance of higher frequency problem,ensure the long period of equipment operation and avoid the resultant device parking.
Cranial and spinal leptomeningeal dissemination in esthesioneuroblastoma: Two reports of distant central nervous system metastasis and rationale for treatment.

Background: Esthesioneuroblastoma is a locally aggressive cancer of the nasal cavity. While systemic metastasis can occur in 10-30% of patients, there are only six reported cases of distal metastasis from leptomeningeal dissemination.
Is it ‘augmented reality’? Contesting boundary work over the definitions and organizing visions for an emerging technology across field-configuring events

Abstract In recent years there has been growing recognition that Field-Configuring Events (FCEs) play an important role in connecting stakeholders, conferring authority to certain members, and shaping the organizing visions surrounding emerging technologies. While much of this work has examined the features of FCEs, the implications and outcomes of FCEs, and the coalescence of FCEs, this study contributes to our understanding of fields that are not converging, rather different stakeholders are actively creating and summoning new FCEs to assert authority. This case also examines the relationship between definitions and organizing visions, as the discursive and social contexts in which these boundaries are being contested. This study follows the emerging interorganizational augmented reality (AR) community, as a group that unites under the term AR but has been continually negotiating its meaning for decades. Through extensive participant observation at numerous global conferences and in-depth interviews, this study shows how various definitions originated and evolved, how new emerging artifacts have challenged definitions, how specific groups have coalesced around definitions, and the various ways that they are organizing at and across FCEs to contest these definitions. These findings of how discourse flows across FCEs contribute to our empirical understanding of the tactics that various actors engage in to draw symbolic, social, and material boundaries around a field, as well as how these debates and commitments ultimately shape the participants in the community and subsequent work that comes out of the community.
B-cell-independent sialylation of IgG.

IgG carrying terminal α2,6-linked sialic acids added to conserved N-glycans within the Fc domain by the sialyltransferase ST6Gal1 accounts for the anti-inflammatory effects of large-dose i.v. Ig (IVIg) in autoimmunity. Here, B-cell–specific ablation of ST6Gal1 in mice revealed that IgG sialylation can occur in the extracellular environment of the bloodstream independently of the B-cell secretory pathway. We also discovered that secreted ST6Gal1 is produced by cells lining central veins in the liver and that IgG sialylation is powered by serum-localized nucleotide sugar donor CMP-sialic acid that is at least partially derived from degranulating platelets. Thus, antibody-secreting cells do not exclusively control the sialylation-dependent anti-inflammatory function of IgG. Rather, IgG sialylation can be regulated by the liver and platelets through the corresponding release of enzyme and sugar donor into the cardiovascular circulation.
At the Nexus of Impossibility

The activities of a mater litigans advanced family interests and were an integral part of the lives of Roman aristocratic women, although such deeds could disturb seventeenth-century observers, especially if they crossed the boundaries between service to the casa and freewheeling independence.1 While advocating for her natal and marital families was critical, it was scarcely a woman’s sole obligation, although it has proven easier to capture than the details of women’s domestic affairs, such as childbearing and childrearing. We know far more about aristocratic women’s public functions than we do about their maternal role in the nursery. The latter is a shadowy domain, where mothers encountered different but no less formidable adversaries — illness and death, the latter sometimes inexplicable, dreadful in its mystery and frequency. These two realms of female activity, the domestic and the political, figured prominently in the lives of aristocratic women, as the long days of Anna Colonna among the Barberini illuminated. A comparison of Roman women’s reproductive and public functions reveals that there was a domestic iteration of the mater litigans, an obscure twin of its conflicting obligations and conflicts. In neither realm was the outcome entirely within the mother’s control. In both domains, she was considered subordinate to the padrone of the dynasty.
Prologue: “Let Others Thrash it out!” A Brief History

The Arabic doctor Avicenna in the eleventh century provided seven rules for medical experimentation involving human subjects [1]. Among these precepts was a recommendation for the use of control groups, the advice of repeating results (replication), and a warning against the use of variables that would confuse Avidenna’s decision about what variable is actually causing the effect of interest. These observations represented a great intellectual step forward; however, this step was taken in relative isolation. An additional six hundred years had to pass before the line of reasoning that led to p values eventually emerged. In order to understand the initial twists and turns of the development of this curious discipline, we need to take a quick diversion to life in Europe five hundred years ago.
C/NOFS observations of electromagnetic coupling between magnetically conjugate MSTID structures

This report demonstrates empirically that couplings between magnetically conjugate medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) are electromagnetic in nature. This is accomplished by comparing plasma density, electric, and magnetic perturbations sampled simultaneously by sensors on the Communication Navigation Outage Forecasting System (CNOFS) satellite. During the period of interest on 17 February 2010, CNOFS made three consecutive orbits while magnetically conjugate to the field of view of an all-sky imager located at El Leoncito, Argentina (31.8degS, 69.3degW). Imaged 630.0 nm airglow was characterized by alternating bands of relatively bright and dark emissions that were aligned from northeast to southwest and propagated toward the northwest, characteristic of MSTIDs in the southern hemisphere. Measurable Poynting fluxes flow along the Earths magnetic field (S) from generator to load hemispheres. While S was predominantly away from the ionosphere above El Leoncito, interhemispheric energy flows were not one-way streets. Measured Poynting flux intensities diminished with time over the three CNOFS passes, suggesting that source mechanisms of MSTIDs were absent or that initial impedance mismatches between the two hemispheres approached an equilibrium status.
Multi-view non-negative tensor factorization as relation learning in healthcare data

Discovering patterns in co-occurrences data between objects and groups of concepts is a useful task in many domains, such as healthcare data analysis, information retrieval, and recommender systems. These relational representations come from objects' behaviors in different views, posing a challenging task of integrating information from these views to uncover the shared latent structures. The problem is further complicated by the high dimension of data and the large ratio of missing data. We propose a new paradigm of learning semantic relations using tensor factorization, by jointly factorizing multi-view tensors and searching for a consistent underlying semantic space across each views. We formulate the idea as an optimization problem and propose efficient optimization algorithms, with a special treatment of missing data as well as high-dimensional data. Experiments results show the potential and effectiveness of our algorithms.
OSHA's final bloodborne pathogens standard. Part I.

The Bloodborne Pathogens Standard has specific requirements for employee hazard communication and training as well as management of regulated waste, contaminated laundry, and housekeeping procedures. OSHA recognizes the benefits of prophylactic use of hepatitis B vaccine and requires that it be made available, at no charge, to all employees who have occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials. The goal of the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard is to reduce the occupational risk of morbidity and mortality associated with diseases such as hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Air-ground robot team surveillance of complex 3D environments

Real-world surveillance of complex 3D environments is an extremely challenging problem, especially in the presence of unknown dangers. In this work we create a novel ground and aerial autonomous robotic system to surveil a human-robot team's surroundings for targets of interest, which could be e.g., disaster victims, infrastructure inspection, data to support research or public safety, or threats to the human team members' safety. To represent this general case, our system identifies threats to human safety by surveilling the team's surroundings, identifying threats, and notifying the human team member. We provide an interface that visualizes threat targets and allows the human operator to create and modify the surveillance plan. We note that this 3D surveillance task resembles the Art Gallery Problem (AGP) with a time-sensitive route planning aspect similar to the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), both of which are NP-hard. We incorporate a human operator into the decision making process of a surveillance system to address the viewpoint selection and route minimization problems, and to extract semantic information from the scene to increase search effectiveness. We construct a system for this collaborative, human-robot team surveillance task using a low-cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and a more-capable Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV). We evaluate the resulting system with a large experiment set (120 trials) conducted in a real-world, 3D, cluttered, urban setting and examine the difference a scenario-specific plan makes to the detection of threat targets compared to a baseline algorithmically-generated plan.
Discussion of “Culturally Imposed Trauma: The Sleeping Dog Has Awakened. Will Psychoanalysis Take Heed?”: Commentary on the Paper by Dorothy Evans Holmes

This commentary expands on the problem of culturally imposed trauma described by Dorothy Evans Holmes. The focus on cultural trauma is both timely and necessary. I applaud Holmes’s attention to this important issue, and her clear articulation of its effects on intrapsychic and interpersonal life and the reluctance of psychoanalysis to engage with cultural trauma. My commentary explores two primary areas in an effort to further elaborate this issue: (a) The problem of defining cultural trauma as a legitimate type of trauma, and recognizing resistance to cultural trauma in psychology and psychoanalysis, and (b) the role of cultural context and narrative in addressing cultural trauma within psychoanalytic work. I aim to extend the range of questions concerning race, culture, and social class that remains to be examined in psychoanalysis.