cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The level of iron enrichment required to initiate diatom blooms in HNLC waters

The chemical speciation of iron in seawater is controlled by complexation with organic ligands, the character of which likely regulates which phytoplankton groups can readily access this resource. Evidence from the IronEx II mesoscale iron enrichment experiment provides some insight to this regulation. Dissolved iron ( 1 kDa–0.4 μm) and soluble (<1 kDa) size fractions using cross flow filtration to better delineate iron dynamics with respect to phytoplankton growth. While dissolved concentrations in the patch increased by two orders of magnitude to ∼2 nM Fe, soluble concentrations only roughly doubled to ∼35 pM Fe, and this change occurred only during the first few days of the experiment. The subsequent decrease in soluble iron to ambient levels coincided with a dramatic increase in chlorophyll a, indicating that biological demand was responsible for the disappearance of soluble iron. This decrease also coincided with preferential drawdown of silicic acid over nitrate in the patch, indicating that diatoms were experiencing iron stress even as the bloom developed. Even so, calculations of the diffusional flux and iron uptake kinetics at the cellular level reveal that the concentrations of soluble iron during the later stages of the bloom were above that required to support continued rapid growth of the long, narrow pennate diatoms. This observation implies that the bulk of the organically bound soluble and colloidal iron was unavailable to meet the diatom growth requirements, and further that the measured increase in concentrations of strong Fe(III) complexing ligands impaired iron acquisition by diatoms. These findings indicate that excess macronutrients in HNLC waters might not be fully converted into diatom biomass even with repeated infusions of iron.
Why are anxiety and depressive symptoms comorbid in youth? A multi-wave, longitudinal examination of competing etiological models

Background: The present study sought to clarify the development of comorbid emotional distress by comparing different explanations for how youth develop anxiety and depressive symptoms. Specifically, we introduced the diathesis-anxiety approach (whether cognitive vulnerabilities interact with anxiety symptoms), and compared it to a causal model (anxiety symptoms predicting depressive symptoms), and a correlated liabilities model (whether cognitive vulnerabilities interacted with stressors to predict both anxiety and depressive symptoms) to examine which model best explained the relation between depressive and anxiety symptoms in youth. Methods: 678 3rd (n¼208), 6th (n¼245), and 9th (n¼225) grade girls (n¼380) and boys (n¼298) completed self-report measures at baseline assessing cognitive vulnerabilities (rumination and selfcriticism), stressors, depressive and anxiety symptoms. Every 3 months over the next 18 months, youth completed follow-up measures of symptoms and stressors. Results: While limited support was found for a causal (p40.10) or correlated-liability model (p40.05) for comorbidity, findings did support a diathesis-anxiety approach for both self-criticism (t(2494)¼3.36, po0.001) and rumination (t(2505) ¼2.40, po0.05). Limitations: The present study's findings are based on self-report measure and makes inferences concerning comorbidity with a community sample. Conclusions: These results may help clarify past research concerning comorbidity by introducing a diathesis-anxiety approach as a viable model to understand which youth are most at-risk for developing comorbid emotional distress. & 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Glass-transition temperature behavior of alumina/PMMA nanocomposites

Alumina/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites were synthesized by an in situ free-radical polymerization process with 38 and 17 nm diameter γ-alumina nanoparticles. At extremely low filler weight fractions (<1.0 wt % of 38 nm fillers or < 0.5 wt % of 17 nm fillers) the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the nanocomposites drops by 25 °C when compared to the neat polymer. Further additions of filler (up to 10 wt %) do not lead to additional Tg reductions. The thermal behavior is shown to vary with particle size, but this dependence can be normalized with respect to a specific surface area. The nanocomposite Tg phenomenon is hypothesized to be because of nonadhering nanoparticles that serve as templates for a porous system with many internal interfaces that break up the percolating structure of dynamically heterogeneous domains recently suggested by Long, D.; and Lequeux, F. Eur Phys J E 2001, 4, 371 to be responsible for the Tg reductions in polymer ultrathin films. The results also point to a far field effect of the nanoparticle surface on the bulk matrix. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 4371–4383, 2004
lron transport in marine phytoplankton: Kinetics of cellular and medium coordination reactions

.4bstract Iron is taken up via specific sites on the cell surface in two coastal phytoplankters-the coccolithophorid Pleurochrysis carterae and the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. Direct uptake from the cell surface of - 1 O-l7 mol Fe cell-l was observed in pulse-chase experiments with cells grown under IFe limitation. This quantity corresponds to the theoretical number of transport sites needed by each cell given the slow coordination kinetics and the low seawater concentrations of Fe. The observed turnover time of Fe in the sites---20 min-the observed half-saturation constants for uptake-O.7 and 3.1 nM for P. carterae and T. weissflogii-and maximal Fe complexation rates are consistent with a standard model for carrier-mediated transport. Analysis of the reaction kinetics mdicates that the sites are not at equilibrium with dissolved Fe species. Iron uptake rates are thus controlled by the complex formation kinetics of the transport site with monomeric ferric hydroxide species. Fe-limited P. carterae and T. weissjlogii can take up Fe at rates up to 14-20% of the maximum rate at which dissolved inorganic Fe can diffuse to the cell. Since oceanic phytoplankters must also be subject to the same strongly size-dependent limit on uptake rates imposed by diffision, large species are more likely to experience growth rate limitation under low-Fe conditions in the ocean.
Dyslipidemias and HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Prescription in Heart Transplant Recipients

BACKGROUND:The treatment of dyslipidemias in orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) recipients is not highlighted in the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel guidelines. Emerging data suggest that hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) safely reduce the risk of transplant rejection and coronary artery vasculopathy in OHT patients.OBJECTIVE:To assess the proportion of patients from our institution reaching the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target of <100 mg/dL, evaluate the impact of statins in reaching this goal, and evaluate the prescribing practice for statins in US OHT centers.METHODS:The management of dyslipidemia of OHT recipients followed at our institution was retrospectively evaluated. In addition, the use of statins in adult OHT centers in the US that performed ≥1 5 OHTs per year was assessed through a survey.RESULTS:Of the 328 patients from our institution, 58.5% achieved an LDL-C <100 mg/dL. Patients prescribed statins were more likely t...
A Hybrid Framework for ECG Interpretation by Computer and its Evaluation Platform

In this article, firstly we present a new approach for detecting QRS complex which integrates the multi- scale idea of watershed into differentiation and template matching technologies. In order to make this algorithm accurate and robust, simultaneous multichannel detection and fusion techniques are also adopted. Then, several features such as RR intervals and QRS durations of a certain ECG segment are extracted. Finally, we developed a branch-logic tree to automatically give interpretive statements for this ECG segment. The test data includes digitized paper-based clinical conventional ECG segments, MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database, ECG from a Multiparameter Patient Simulator and some real data measured by our own Portable Intelligent ECG Monitor (PIEM) from several patients. The experiment results show that this novel method is efficient, robust and accurate in cardiopathy diagnoses.
An unexpected limit of expected values

Let t 0. Select numbers randomly from the interval [0, 1] until the sum is greater than t. Let (t) be the expected number of selections. We prove that (t) = e t for 0 t 1. Moreover, limt→+∞ ((t) − 2t) = 2 . This limit is a special case of our asymptotic results for solutions of the delay differential equation f � (t) = f( t)− f( t− 1) for t> 1. We also consider four other solutions of this equation that are related to the above selection process.
Do Alterations in Mitochondrial DNA Play a Role in Breast Carcinogenesis

A considerable body of evidence supports a role for oxidative stress in breast carcinogenesis. Due to their role in producing energy via oxidative phosphorylation, the mitochondria are a major source of production of reactive oxygen species, which may damage DNA. The mitochondrial genome may be particularly susceptible to oxidative damage leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Genetic variants in mtDNA and nuclear DNA may also contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we address the role of alterations in mtDNA in the etiology of breast cancer. Several studies have shown a relatively high frequency of mtDNA mutations in breast tumor tissue in comparison with mutations in normal breast tissue. To date, several studies have examined the association of genetic variants in mtDNA and breast cancer risk. The G10398A mtDNA polymorphism has received the most attention and has been shown to be associated with increased risk in some studies. Other variants have generally been examined in only one or two studies. Genome-wide association studies may help identify new mtDNA variants which modify breast cancer risk. In addition to assessing the main effects of specific variants, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions are likely to explain a greater proportion of the variability in breast cancer risk.
Tim50 in Trypanosoma brucei Possesses a Dual-Specificity Phosphatase Activity and is Critical for Mitochondrial Protein Import

In eukaryotes, proteins are imported into mitochondria via multiprotein translocases of the mitochondrial outer and inner membranes, TOM and TIM, respectively. Trypanosoma brucei, a hemoflagellated parasitic protozoan and the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis, imports about a thousand proteins into the mitochondrion; however, the mitochondrial protein import machinery in this organism is largely unidentified. Here, we characterized a homolog of Tim50 that is localized in the mitochondrial membrane in T. brucei. Similar to Tim50 proteins from fungi and mammals, Tim50 in T. brucei (TbTim50) possesses a mitochondrial targeting signal at its N terminus and a C-terminal domain phosphatase motif at its C terminus. Knockdown of TbTim50 reduced cell growth and inhibited import of proteins that contain N-terminal targeting signals. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that TbTim50 interacts with TbTim17. Unlike its fungal counterpart but similar to the human homolog of Tim50, recombinant TbTim50 possesses a dual specificity phosphatase activity with a greater affinity for protein tyrosine phosphate than for protein serine/threonine phosphate. Mutation of the aspartic acid residues to alanine in the C-terminal domain phosphatase motif (242)DXDX(V/T)(246) abolished activity for both type of substrates. TbTim50 knockdown increased and its overexpression decreased the level of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). However, the VDAC level was unaltered when the phosphatase-inactive mutant of TbTim50 was overexpressed, suggesting that the phosphatase activity of TbTim50 plays a role in regulation of VDAC expression. In contrast, phosphatase activity of the TbTim50 is required neither for mitochondrial protein import nor for its interaction with TbTim17. Overall, our results show that TbTim50 plays additional roles in mitochondrial activities besides preprotein translocation.
Interaction of hindlimb blood flow, A-V shunting and A-V oxygen difference☆

Abstract The interactions of blood flow, A-V O 2 difference (AVDO 2 ), and A-V shunting were measured in normal hindlimbs of nine anesthetized dogs. An aorto-iliac nonpulsatile perfusion pump was used to change femoral artery blood flow from zero (collateral flow only) to twice its baseline level. Femoral AVDO 2 was measured by in-line spectrophotometric O 2 analysis. A-V shunting was measured with radio-labeled microspheres. Systemic hemodynamic parameters and temperature remained constant during the experiments. Despite changes in femoral mean arterial pressure (160 to 54 mm Hg) and AVDO 2 (1.8 to 8.2 ml O/ 2 /dl) that occurred with femoral blood flow reduction, peripheral A-V shunting remained constant at 4.1–5.5%. Alpha-adrenergic ablation (sympathectomy) was used to increase A-V shunting (up to 20%) during part of this experiment. When hindlimb blood flow was normal or increased, autoregulation of O 2 extraction maintained constant hindlimb O 2 consumption, despite sympathectomy-induced changes in A-V shunting. Subnormal femoral artery blood flow reduced hindlimb O 2 consumption, and in this setting the increased A-V shunting further decreased femoral AVDO 2 and O 2 consumption. Since AVDO 2 is dependent upon both blood flow and the variable efficiency of cellular O 2 extraction, it cannot be used as an accurate indicator of A-V shunting. Direct microsphere techniques should be applied to A-V shunt measurements in clinical settings where A-V shunting is suspected.
Green Consumption and Social Change: Debates over Responsibility, Private Action, and Access

Attempting to influence everyday consumer practices is an increasingly popular strategy used to address environmental problems and further social change. This article focuses on exploring the controversial topic of green consumption, a growing area of study that brings together multiple disciplines including environmental sociology and the sociology of consumers and consumption. The article begins with a summary of the literature on green consumption and is then organized around three debates over how green consumption contributes to, or fails to contribute to, social and environmental change. The first debate is over locating responsibility for carbon dioxide emissions, the main contributor to greenhouse gases and climate change. The second debate considers what average people are doing to help address environmental problems. The third debate is about access to green consumption. Should policies work to increase access to greener products and efficient technologies for everyone or does the question of access push aside questions of inequality (race, class, and gender) and sufficiency (how much is enough)? These debates, in different ways, attempt to address the broader question of how social change happens and what we should do to support it.
Digital Art and Political Revolt

Building upon the discourses on digital art explored in previous chapters this chapter engages with art work sthat explore the idea of political revolt. These radical expressions show how digital art can both perpetuate—and break free from—earlier discourses and practices in art. This chapter focusses on the tactical art of Ross Mawdsley, ®™ark, and The Yes Men. It shows how resistance can be innovative, creative and essentially artistic. Their works are contextualized in terms of backlashes to globalisation and expressions of political revolt. This chapter suggests that while the form may be different, digital art messages often continue dialogues established by earlier works of art.
Would You Like Fries with that? The Future of Multidisciplinary Practices

This Note focuses on the development of Multidisciplinary Practices (MDPs), the attempts to control their development, and the future of MDPs in the United States. In doing so, it focuses on the current status of MDPs and then evaluates the forces that will keep MDPs from being eliminated. Finally, this Note argues that the American Bar Association(ABA) should re-evaluate its position on MDPs and work to provide a uniform proposal to state bar associations on how to best regulate existing MDPs.
Combinations of drugs in the treatment of acute leukemias.

Abstract In the United States, the Acute Leukemia Task Force has been studying ways to achieve chemical control over the acute leukemias. It was found that L1210 mouse leukemia is an excellent predictive model for childhood acute leukemia. Examination of the kinetics of cell generation led to the conclusions that a single cell could multiply to a lethal number of cells in a relatively short time, and that therapy must destroy every cell. Extension of these hypotheses to childhood leukemia has permitted estimates of generation time of human leukemic cells; the size of the leukemic cell population at clinical relapse and the fractional destruction of cells by individual drugs. By the use of combinations of antileukemic drugs complete cell destruction has been approached in a few patients with early leukemia.
Facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention still searching for the right patients.

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become the preferred reperfusion strategy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) but has been limited by delays to PCI. There has been great progress in the development of systems of care for reducing delays to PCI, and most STEMI
Should you test or treat pregnant women with a history of pregnancy-related VTE?

This article was previously published in the April 2013 issue of The Journal of Family Practice (www.jfponline.com). J Fam Pract. 2013; 62(4):206-207.
Aluminum toxicity complicating renal osteodystrophy. A case report.

Des agents fixant les phosphates contenant de l'aluminium sont administres pour prevenir une eventuelle hyperphosphoremie dans ce type de pathologie renale. Risque d'accumulation de l'aluminium, responsable de signes neurologiques musculaires et osseux. Importance de connaitre ce syndrome d'intoxication afin de le traiter le plus rapidement possible par administration de chelateur tel que la deferoxamine
A Comparison Of How Four Countries Use Health IT To Support Care For People With Chronic Conditions

Countries around the globe are investing in health information and communications technologies (ICTs) as critical tools for improving care for chronically ill patients. We profiled four high-income nations with varied health ICT strategies—Australia, Canada, Denmark, and the United States—to describe their use of ICTs to improve chronic care. Our goal was to identify common challenges and opportunities for cross-national learning. We found four key themes. First, although all four countries have a national strategy for health ICT adoption, strategies are implemented and adapted to chronic care needs regionally, which creates the challenge of spreading successful efforts across regions. Second, each country struggles with how to ensure that clinical information follows patients seamlessly between care settings. Third, although each nation is pursuing telehealth solutions as a component of chronic care, the telehealth initiatives are usually stand-alone efforts that are not well integrated into other ICT so...
A NEW SPECIES OF ENTOMOPHTHORALES PARASITIZING TARDIGRADES

SUMMARY A new species of Entomophthorales, Ballocephala pedicellata, is reported from tardigrades (Hypsibius dujardini and Diphascon pinguis) living in moss. The new species is closely related to B. sphaerospora but possesses conidia clustered near the conidiophore tip rather than along its length. A key to the entomophthoraceous parasites of nematodes and tardigrades is given.
Broken Rice Treated by Acid for Rice Noodle

The broken rice is treated by acid so that it can be used to produce rice noodle.Parameters such as the pH,the temperature and the time are tested for their influence on treatment effects,and an orthogonal experimental design is set up to optimize the parameters.The best parameters are pH of 5.0,temperature of 40℃and time of 4.0 h.Under these conditions, the broken rice can be used to produce rice noodle,and the rice noodle is of the good appearance,loose,flexible after cooking,non-stick bar,no paste soup,no easy to break by pan-fried.
Chromatic patterns of cone photoreceptors

The operations of vertebrate visual neurons must eventually be expressed in terms of the spectral classes and spatial distributions of photoreceptors that constitute inputs to those neurons. By using a cytochemical probe that permits visualization of the responses of cone photoreceptors to light stimulation, it has been possible to describe the spectral classes and spatial patterns of cones in a lower vertebrate, the goldfish, and in a primate, the baboon. This information is an important first step in analyzing the connections between cones and retinal neurons.
The maximum length of a palindrome in a sequence

The following development of a program to compute the maximum length of a palindrome in a sequence is a tribute to the structured development of programs of which Edsger W. Dijkstra has been such a strong advocate. It shows that our skills have improved over the years, and that we are able to tackle quite non-trivial problems.
MOSFET-based modeling and simulation of photovoltaics module

Commonly, single-diode, double-diode or three-diode models are used for modeling of PV cells. Since all of them have an exponential term due to the presence of a diode, the computing of output power and performance of PV module becomes power intensive and hard to implement on an embedded system. Also, due to the presence of the exponential term, there is no closed form solution for I PV vs V PV (output current of PV cell vs output voltage of a PV cell). We are presenting a PV module modeling using N-channel MOSFET transistor that doesn't have an exponential term. Moreover, a quadratic equation based solution is obtained that can be solved for calculating the load current. Using the same technique PV module can be also be modeled for various configuration.
Rheological Properties of Piezoresistive Smart Cement Slurry Modified With Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles for Oil-Well Applications

In this study, rheological properties and piezoresistivity of the oil-well smart cement slurry modified with iron-oxide nanoparticles (NanoFe2O3) at a water-to-cement ratio of 0.38 were investigated. Series of experiments were performed immediately after mixing to evaluate the piezoresistivity of the smart cement slurry with 0.1 % of conductive filler (CF) and up to 1 % NanoFe2O3 to identify the most reliable sensing property that can be relatively easily monitored. To evaluate the piezoresistive behavior the applied pressure was varied up to 5.5 MPa for the smart cement slurries with and without NanoFe2O3 in the high-pressure–high-temperature cylinder where a two-probe method was used with the impedance spectroscopy (IS) to measure the resistivity of the slurry. The shear-thinning behavior of the smart cement slurries, with and without NanoFe2O3, have been quantified using the new hyperbolic rheological model and compared with the Vocadlo model with three material parameters. The results showed that the hyperbolic rheological model predicated the shear-thinning relationship between the shear-stress and shear-strain rate of the smart cement slurries very well. Based on the hyperbolic rheological model the maximum shear stresses produced by the smart cement slurries modified with 0 %, 0.1 %, 0.5 %, and 1 % were 183 Pa, 199 Pa, 232 Pa, and 300 Pa, respectively. The resistivity of the basic cement slurry did not change with pressure. The electrical resistivity of the smart cement slurries with and without NanoFe2O3 decreased with increasing the pressure. The smart cement without and with 1 % NanoFe2O3 additive changed its resistivity by 14 % and 24 %, respectively, when the pressure was increased to 5.5 MPa. A piezoresistivity (stress-resistivity) model was developed to predict the observed piezoresistive behavior of the smart cement slurry and can be used to predict the pressure on the smart cement.
Effective Depletion of Pre-existing Anti-AAV Antibodies Requires Broad Immune Targeting

Pre-existing antibodies (Abs) to AAV pose a critical challenge for the translation of gene therapies. No effective approach is available to overcome pre-existing Abs. Given the complexity of Ab production, overcoming pre-existing Abs will require broad immune targeting. We generated a mouse model of pre-existing AAV9 Abs to test multiple immunosuppressants, including bortezomib, rapamycin, and prednisolone, individually or in combination. We identified an effective approach combining rapamycin and prednisolone, reducing serum AAV9 Abs by 70%–80% at 4 weeks and 85%–93% at 8 weeks of treatment. The rapamycin plus prednisolone treatment resulted in significant decreases in the frequency of B cells, plasma cells, and IgG-secreting and AAV9-specific Ab-producing plasma cells in bone marrow. The rapamycin plus prednisolone treatment also significantly reduced frequencies of IgD − IgG + class-switched/FAS + CL7 + germinal center B cells, and of activated CD4 + T cells expressing PD1 and GL7, in spleen. These data suggest that rapamycin plus prednisolone has selective inhibitory effects on both T helper type 2 support of B cell activation in spleen and on bone marrow plasma cell survival, leading to effective AAV9 Abs depletion. This promising immunomodulation approach is highly translatable, and it poses minimal risk in the context of therapeutic benefits promised by gene therapy for severe monogenetic diseases, with a single or possibly a few treatments over a lifetime.
Accumulation of medium-chain, saturated fatty acyl moieties in seed oils of transgenic Camelina sativa

With its high seed oil content, the mustard family plant Camelina sativa has gained attention as a potential biofuel source. As a bioenergy crop, camelina has many advantages. It grows on marginal land with low demand for water and fertilizer, has a relatively short life cycle, and is stress tolerant. As most other crop seed oils, camelina seed triacylglycerols (TAGs) consist of mostly long, unsaturated fatty acyl moieties, which is not desirable for biofuel processing. In our efforts to produce shorter, saturated chain fatty acyl moieties in camelina seed oil for conversion to jet fuel, a 12:0-acyl-carrier thioesterase gene, UcFATB1, from California bay (Umbellularia californica Nutt.) was expressed in camelina seeds. Up to 40% of short chain laurate (C12:0) and myristate (C14:0) were present in TAGs of the seed oil of the transgenics. The total oil content and germination rate of the transgenic seeds were not affected. Analysis of positions of these two fatty acyl moieties in TAGs indicated that they were present at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions, but not sn-2, on the TAGs. Suppression of the camelina KASII genes by RNAi constructs led to higher accumulation of palmitate (C16:0), from 7.5% up to 28.5%, and further reduction of longer, unsaturated fatty acids in seed TAGs. Co-transformation of camelina with both constructs resulted in enhanced accumulation of all three medium-chain, saturated fatty acids in camelina seed oils. Our results show that a California bay gene can be successfully used to modify the oil composition in camelina seed and present a new biological alternative for jet fuel production.
"Head shunting": Nuclear medicine evaluation of hepatopulmonary syndrome: Diagnosis, evaluation and review

1246 Learning Objectives The purpose of this exhibit is: 1. Review the pathophysiology of hepatopulmonary syndrome. 2. Describe the utility of nuclear medicine evaluation of hepatopulmonary syndrome. 3. Explain imaging findings of lung perfusion and abnormal brain activity utilizing Tc-99 MAA reduced particles. 4. Perform quantitative lung and brain analysis to determine presence of a direct pulmonary anatomic shunt and brain uptake in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome. Scientific data will be presented in the way of a case series of nuclear medicine evaluation of hepatopulmonary syndrome utilizing Tc-99 MAA reduced particles to demonstrate abnormal activity in the brain, suggestive of direct arteriovenous communication (anatomic shunt) in the lungs with resultant arterial hypoxemia and shortness of breath. Pathophysiology of hepatopulmonary syndrome Nuclear medicine evaluation of hepatopulmonary syndrome Review of imaging findings utilizing Tc-99 MAA reduced particles -lung perfusion -static brain imaging -regions of interest Quantitative Analysis -split pulmonary perfusion -geometric mean counts -percentage brain uptake Sample cases Summary 1. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: arterial hypoxemia caused by pulmonary vasodilation which is the consequence of portal hypertension 2. Percentage brain uptake greater than or equal to 6% is considered abnormal and suggestive of presence of an anatomic shunt in the lungs 3. Diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome is facilitated by nuclear medicine lung perfusion and brain uptake quantification.
Ventilation rates in recently constructed U.S. school classrooms.

Low ventilation rates (VRs) in schools have been associated with absenteeism, poorer academic performance, and teacher dissatisfaction. We measured VRs in 37 recently constructed or renovated and mechanically ventilated U.S. schools, including LEED and EnergyStar-certified buildings, using CO2 and the steady-state, build-up, decay, and transient mass balance methods. The transient mass balance method better matched conditions (specifically, changes in occupancy) and minimized biases seen in the other methods. During the school day, air change rates (ACRs) averaged 2.0±1.3 hour-1 , and only 22% of classrooms met recommended minimum ventilation rates. HVAC systems were shut off at the school day close, and ACRs dropped to 0.21±0.19 hour-1 . VRs did not differ by building type, although cost-cutting and comfort measures resulted in low VRs and potentially impaired IAQ. VRs were lower in schools that used unit ventilators or radiant heating, in smaller schools and in larger classrooms. The steady-state, build-up, and decay methods had significant limitations and biases, showing the need to confirm that these methods are appropriate. Findings highlight the need to increase VRs and to ensure that energy saving and comfort measures do not compromise ventilation and IAQ.
Design of Multifunctional Nanogate in Response to Multiple External Stimuli Using Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer

Nature uses the interplay between hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions of disordered proteins to orchestrate complicated molecular gates such as the nuclear pore complex to control the transport of biological masses. Inspired by nature, we here theoretically show that well-defined gate shape, sensitive response to pH and salt concentration, and selectivity in cargo transport can be simultaneously achieved by grafting amphiphilic diblock copolymers made of sequence-controlled hydrophobic and ionizable monomers on the inner surface of solid-state nanopore. As a result, multiple functions such as ionic gating and molecular filtering can be implemented into one single copolymer nanogate. The gate structure and thermodynamics is a result of the self-assembly of the sequence-designed copolymer in the confined geometry that minimizes the free energy of the system. Our theory further predicts a phase transition and discontinuous charge regulation of the confined copolymer that allows logical gating in biose...
Effusive-Constrictive Pericarditis

Effusive-constrictive pericarditis (ECP) corresponds to the coexistence of a hemodynamically significant pericardial effusion and decreased pericardial compliance. The hallmark of ECP is the persistence of elevated right atrial pressure postpericardiocentesis. The prevalence of ECP seems higher in tuberculous pericarditis and lower in idiopathic cases. The diagnosis of ECP is traditionally based on invasive hemodynamics but the presence of echocardiographic features of constrictive pericarditis post-pericardiocentesisis can also identify ECP. Data on the prognosis and optimal treatment of ECP are still limited. Anti-inflammatory agents should be the first line of treatment. Pericardiectomy should be reserved for refractory cases.
Mobile Phone Usage Patterns, Security Concerns, and Security Practices of Digital Generation

As the digital generations have grown up with high-tech gadgets and become avid users of mobile phones and apps, they are also exposed to increasing mobile security threats and vulnerability. In th...
A heteroscedastic T-process simulation metamodeling approach and its application in inventory control and optimization

In this paper we develop a heteroscedastic t-process metamodeling approach (TP) for approximating the mean response surface implied by a stochastic simulation and performing metamodel-based optimization. We provide details on how to construct a TP metamodel, make inference and perform prediction based on TP. We show that TP can retain the attractive properties of approaches that rely on Gaussian processes, but it also enjoys enhanced flexibility, at no additional computational cost. We further provide a closed-form expression for the TP-based expected improvement to perform metamodel-based optimization. We compare the predictive performance of TP and stochastic kriging (SK) via an M/M/1 inspired example, and demonstrate the performance of TP and SK-based algorithms for optimizing a simple periodic review (s, S) inventory system. The preliminary numerical evaluations indicate that TP can serve as a promising simulation analytics tool for solving problems encountered in production planning and supply chain management.
Outcomes of protocolised analgesia and sedation in a neurocritical care unit.

ABSTRACTObjectives: Providing analgesia and sedation while allowing for neurological assessment is important in the neurocritical care unit (NCCU), yet data are limited about the effects of protocolised analgesia and sedation. We developed an analgesia-based sedation protocol and evaluated its effect on medication utilisation and costs in the NCCU.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who are mechanically ventilated and admitted to a 12-bed NCCU over four years. To compare outcomes, we used gamma and negative binomial regression models, and interrupted time-series sensitivity analyses.Results: The study cohort consisted of 1197 patients: 576 pre-protocol and 621 post-protocol. The protocol resulted in an increase in fentanyl use [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 2.8, (95% confidence limits (CLs) 1.9, 4.2)] and a decrease in propofol use (IRR = 0.8, CLs 0.6, 1.0). There was a decrease in fentanyl (cost ratio = 0.8, CLs 0.5, 1.1) and propofol costs (cost ratio = 0.6, CLs 0.5, 0.8). The ...
Effects of stress management and relaxation training on the relationship between diabetes symptoms and affect among Latinos.

Objective: Stress management and relaxation (SMR) interventions can reduce symptoms of chronic disease and associated distress. However, there is little evidence that such interventions disrupt ass...
Fourier Analysis and Synthesis

The concepts of Fourier analysis and synthesis come from an amazingly powerful theorem by mathematician J.B.J. Fourier (1768–1830). Fourier’s theorem states that any waveform is just a sum of sine waves. This statement has two implications, Fourier synthesis and Fourier analysis.
Clinical Experience with Vena Caval Filters

The use of vena caval filters to prevent fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) has become the standard of care for patients who cannot be safely or effectively anticoagulated. This is due to several factors: improved devices, percutaneous methods of delivery, and long-term experience of safety and efficacy. Six vena caval filters are currently marketed with Food and Drug Administration approval: the Simon Nitinol, VenaTech, Bird’s Nest, and three iterations of the Greenfield filter, Each of these devices has been reviewed based upon reports from published clinical studies. This type of summary is complicated by disparity in the study methodologies, numbers of patients, lengths of follow-up, and definition of adverse events. The need for established reporting standards is clear. A consensus document, which is in preparation, should be available in 1999 and should lead to greatly improved reports.
Tandem Therapies in Extracorporeal Support

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has traditionally been used in patients with single organ failure who are hemodynamically unstable enough to tolerate intermittent hemodialysis. However, as technology advances and patient populations become more complex, there are an increasing number of patients with multi-organ failure who require multiple methods of extracorporeal organ support. While theoretical contraindications exist with each established extracorporeal device, additional circuits may be connected in tandem to each other to provide simultaneous extracorporeal organ support. In this chapter, we will discuss the use of multiple extracorporeal therapies, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for cardiac and pulmonary failures, the use of apheresis procedures for liver failure support, in conjunction with CRRT for renal support to provide a total platform of extracorporeal life support (ECLS).
Photodriven Deprotonation of Alcohols by a Quinoline Photobase.

Control of proton transfer is relevant to many areas in chemistry, particularly in catalysis where the kinetics of (de)protonation reactions are often rate limiting. Photobases, which are molecules with enhanced basicity in the excited state, allow for control of proton transfer with light and have the potential to be used as functional units in catalytic systems. Alcohols are the feedstock in many catalytic reactions, where their deprotonation or dehydrogenation is often important. We report that the photobase 5-methoxyquinoline can deprotonate a series of alcohols upon excitation by light. We measure both the thermodynamic limits and the relevant kinetics of this process. A series of alcohols and water spanning the pKa range of 12.5–16.5 were used as the proton donors. First, we show evidence from absorption and emission spectroscopy that photoexcited 5-methoxyquinoline deprotonates all donors more acidic than methanol and fails to deprotonate donors that are more basic. Interestingly, in methanol a qua...
In Lieu of a Conclusion: Chasing Proteus—Deadly Existential Threats, the Security Synthesis, the Existential Entities, and the State

In this final chapter, I focus on a number of issues and findings that are of importance to the subject. I also draw some theoretical and practical implications for policy. The most important finding is that history matters. The past becomes the invisible hand that shapes the existential entity and its security synthesis and that conditions the future as well. History, therefore, is immensely important to the nation-builders. Their failure to understand and appreciate the complex and intense history is at the root of their failure to solve the riddle of nation-building in Kosova. As I have shown here, assuming that the nations are tabula rasa, malleable, and amnesiac is a major fallacy that leads to the inevitable failure. The major lesson is that the indigenous elites have a central role in the interpretation of the security synthesis and, thus, are able to mobilize their existential entity in their support. The other practical lesson but of theoretical significance as well, as this case shows us, is that unless a great power has unchallenged control over the area/region where the ethnic/national conflict takes place, nation-building is an impossible enterprise. The balance of power is a powerful mechanism that determines the fortunes of small existential entities and communities of destiny. Other great powers will intervene, covertly and overtly, to undermine the project and have the opponent become bogged down, bleeding resources and, above all, prestige. Thus, the case of the failure of nation-building in Kosova seems to strongly support the core claims of this book.
A Fast Clustering and Transient Stability Assessment Method Based on the Generator Energy Transfer Function

Based on the port energy structure and transient energy function, this paper proposed the generator energy transfer function (GETF) of generator port to analysis power system transient stability issue. By calculating the energy transferred between generators, generator port energy and its changing rate, it can quickly identify the critical generator cluster in a short time after the fault cleared and assess transient stability of the power system, also take control measure. Finally, this method was verified through IEEE-140 node system and it proved the effectiveness of the method.
Efficacy of mineral supplementation to growing cattle grazing winter-wheat pasture in northwestern Oklahoma

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of mineral supplementation to cattle grazing winter-wheat pasture. In experiment 1 (fall), 120 steers and heifers (body weight [BW] = 232 ± 11.4 kg) were assigned randomly to four blocks of replicated pastures during the second week of November in 2008 and 2009 and all herds (6 animals/pasture; 4.9 ha/pasture) were allowed to graze for 84 d. In experiment 2 (spring), 216 steers (BW = 248 ± 7.9 kg) were assigned randomly to five blocks of replicated pastures during the second week of February in 2009 and 2010 and all herds (12 or 6 animals/pasture; 4.9 ha/pasture) were allowed to graze for 84 d. Half the pastures in both experiments received a free-choice mineral mixture (Wheat Pasture Pro; Land O'Lakes Purina Feed, LLC; St. Paul, MN; Ca, 16% and P, 4%); mineral feeders were weighed weekly to determine mineral intake. All pastures were planted in early September of each year (67 kg of seed/ha) and fertilized with 50 kg of urea-N/ha. Standing herbage dry matter was determined midway between weigh dates by clipping wheat forage to the ground along 122 cm of drill rows at 10 locations/pasture. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, with treatment as the fixed effect and pasture, animal sex (experiment 1), and block as random effects. In experiment 1, cattle offered minerals had a 43% faster average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.02, 0.73 kg) than cattle not offered minerals (0.51 kg); hence, supplemented cattle weighed 6% more (P = 0.04; 286 kg) after 84 d than nonsupplemented cattle (271 kg). In experiment 2, cattle offered the mineral supplement had a faster ADG (20% increase; P = 0.04; 1.00 kg) than cattle not offered minerals (0.83 kg). Further, supplemented cattle weighed 4% more (P = 0.03; 326 kg) after 84 d than nonsupplemented cattle (312 kg). In both experiments, daily standing herbage dry matter averaged 1,381 kg/animal and never differed (P ≥ 0.47) between treatments. Mineral intakes averaged 135 (experiment 1) and 124 (experiment 2) g/d, resulting in a cost of supplement to kilogram of added BW gain of $0.53 and $0.64, respectively (assuming a mineral cost of $0.88/kg). Overall, supplementing an appropriate mineral mixture to cattle grazing winter-wheat pasture increased ADG in a cost-effective manner.
Prospective evaluation of health-related quality of life in geriatric trauma patients.

Abstract Background Frailty is an established predictor of adverse outcomes in geriatric patients. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important outcome measure among trauma patients. This prospective observational study examined the impact of frailty on health-related quality of life in geriatric trauma patients. Methods We prospectively enrolled geriatric (age ≥65 years) trauma patients. We calculated the frailty index (FI) within 24 hours of admission using the trauma-specific frailty index. Patients were stratified into frail (frailty index ≥0.27) and nonfrail (frailty index Results We enrolled 296 patients. The mean age was 75.1 ± 9.8 years, 59% were male, and 81% were white. Frail patients accounted for 34%, and they had a lower health-related quality of life at discharge (366 vs 548, P 01) and at 30-day postdischarge (393 vs 744, P 01). Nonfrail patients scored higher in 6 out of 8 domains of health-related quality of life. Nonfrail patients had improved delta health-related quality of life ( P 01), unlike frail patients ( P = . 11). A linear regression model revealed an inverse relationship between frailty and improvement in health-related quality of life over 30-day postdischarge (β = –0.689, [confidence interval, –0.963 to –0.329] P = . 01). This association remained statistically significant after controlling for potential confounding covariates, such as age, sex, race, and injury severity. Conclusion Compared with nonfrail geriatric trauma patients, those who were frail had poor health-related quality of life at discharge and at 30-day postdischarge. Frailty negatively affects the recovery of health-related quality of life after trauma. The use of frailty indices may help identify and develop targeted interventions to improve health-related quality of life among geriatric trauma patients.
Identifying incidental findings from radiology reports of trauma patients: An evaluation of automated feature representation methods

Abstract Background Radiologic imaging of trauma patients often uncovers findings that are unrelated to the trauma. These are termed as incidental findings and identifying them in radiology examination reports is necessary for appropriate follow-up. We developed and evaluated an automated pipeline to identify incidental findings at sentence and section levels in radiology reports of trauma patients. Methods We created an annotated dataset of 4,181 reports and investigated automated feature representations including traditional word and clinical concept (such as SNOMED CT) representations, as well as word and concept embeddings. We evaluated these representations by using them with traditional classifiers such as logistic regression and with deep learning methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Results The best performance was observed using word embeddings with CNNs with F1 scores of 0.66 and 0.52 at section and sentence levels respectively. The F1 score was statistically significantly higher for sections compared to sentences (Wilcoxon; Z Conclusion The results show that the best performance was achieved by using embeddings with CNNs at both sentence and section levels. This provides evidence that such a pipeline is capable of accurately identifying incidental findings in radiology reports in an automated manner.
Administrator Competency Testing: Issues, Considerations, and Recommendations for Preparation Programs and Policymakers.

An increasing number of states require successful completion of an administration-specific competency examination prior to initial administrative certification (Reitzug, in press-a). Given the cont...