cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid Cognitive Decline Secondary to CSF Venous Fistula With Postoperative Rebound Intracranial Hypertension and a Hyperintense Paraspinal Vein Sign Seen Retrospectively.

A 56-year-old female with 2 prior Chiari decompressions presented with rapidly progressive cognitive decline. Brain magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography myelogram, and prone digital subtraction myelography revealed signs of brain sag and left T9 perineural cysts but no cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Symptoms improved after multilevel blood patches but recurred. Lateral decubitus digital subtraction myelography revealed a spinal cerebrospinal fluid venous fistula (SCVF), which resolved after neurosurgeons ligated the nerve root. Rebound headaches with papilledema occurred on postoperative day 9 and then resolved 2 months after acetazolamide was started. A hyperintense paraspinal vein was seen retrospectively on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with Dixon fat suppression sequencing. This case is unique in the acuity of cognitive decline secondary to SCVF. Acetazolamide at the time of treatment may potentially be used as prophylaxis for rebound intracranial hypertension. The hyperintense paraspinal vein may have utility in future diagnosis of SCVF.
Differential inhibition of GABA release from mouse hippocampal interneuron subtypes by the volatile anesthetic isoflurane

Abstract General anesthesia is critical to modern medicine and animal research, but the cellular and molecular actions of general anesthetics on the central nervous system remain poorly understood. Volatile anesthetics such as isoflurane disrupt synaptic transmission and inhibit synaptic vesicle release in a neurotransmitter-selective manner. For example, GABA release from interneurons is less sensitive to isoflurane inhibition than are glutamate or dopamine release. Hippocampal and cortical interneuron subpopulations have diverse neurophysiological and synaptic properties, and their individual subtype-specific responses to isoflurane are unknown. We used live-cell optical imaging of exocytosis using fluorescent biosensors expressed in transgenic mouse hippocampal neuron cultures to delineate interneuron subtype-specific effects of isoflurane on synaptic vesicle exocytosis. We found that a clinically relevant concentration of isoflurane (0.5 mM) differentially modulated action potential-mediated exocytosis from GABAergic interneurons: parvalbumin-expressing interneurons were inhibited to 83.1±11.7% of control, whereas somatostatin-expressing and interneurons glutamatergic neurons were inhibited to 58.6±13.3% and 64.5±8.5% of control, respectively. The role of presynaptic voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav) subtype expression in determining isoflurane sensitivity was probed by overexpression or knockdown of specific Nav subtypes, which have distinct sensitivities to isoflurane and are differentially expressed between glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. We found that the sensitivity of exocytosis to isoflurane was determined by the relative expression of Nav1.1 (associated with lower sensitivity) and Nav1.6 (associated with higher sensitivity). Thus the selective effects of isoflurane on synaptic vesicle exocytosis from hippocampal interneuron subtypes is determined by synaptic diversity in the relative expression of Nav1.1 and Nav1.6. Significance statement The volatile anesthetic isoflurane inhibits hippocampal GABAergic interneuron synaptic vesicle exocytosis with differences in potency between interneuron subtypes. This neuron subtype-specific pharmacology derives in part from synaptic diversity in the expression of presynaptic voltage-gated sodium channels that have different sensitivities to anesthetic modulation of channel function. GABAergic interneurons are generally more resistant to the presynaptic effects of isoflurane owing to predominant Nav1.1 expression, whereas glutamatergic neurons are more sensitive owing to predominant Nav1.6 expression, which supports heterogenous pharmacologic effects on specific neural circuits.
Hardware support for managed languages: an old idea whose time has finally come? (keynote)

A large number of workloads are written in managed languages, including server workloads in data centers, web applications in browsers, and client workloads on desktops or mobile devices. Due to their widespread adoption, improving the performance and efficiency of managed-language features such as garbage collection, JIT compilation, and dynamic runtime checks can have a significant impact on many real workloads. Hardware support for such features has been investigated since the 1970s, but still has not seen widespread practical adoption. In this talk, I will discuss trends that make today a great time to revisit these ideas. I will describe work done at UC Berkeley that moves garbage collection into a small hardware accelerator close to the memory controller and performs GC more efficiently than a CPU. I will also talk about current work within the open-source RISC-V project on developing standard extensions for managed-language support in the context of the free and open RISC-V ISA. Finally, I will lay out opportunities for research in this area, and how open-source infrastructure can be used to build end-to-end prototypes of this work in an academic setting.
Motivating Learning by Playing Animal Crossing New Horizons: A trending game during the COVID-19 pandemic

The immersive and engaging nature of video games has been a promising and effective environment for learning. This study first introduces a motivational learning framework for game-based learning, then takes a recent popular video game, Animal Crossing New Horizons, as an example to further discuss the application of the motivational learning framework. It is expected that more features will be developed in the future in this game to bring more educational benefits for its players.
Developing a Wearable Technology Compression Shirt Prototype: Interdisciplinary Collaboration between Apparel Design and Mechanical Engineering

Garment development with integrated wearable technology holds challenges related to the functionality and wearability of the clothing based on the disconnect between wearer comfort, movement, and stretch, and the restrictions imposed by wearable technology components. This project describes the development of a fitted compression shirt with integrated flexible wearable sensors that detect location and force based on fiber optics. The goal of the interdisciplinary project between apparel design and mechanical engineering departments was to produce a wearable garment for use in testing the technology, with a secondary goal of aesthetics and function for display at industry events. Through iterative design development, technique samples, the use of 3D body scanning and printing, and experiential knowledge of apparel production methods, a series of garments were developed and refined to create the end garment.
Experimental chimeras: current concepts and controversies in normal development and pathogenesis.

Publisher Summary Chimeras having distinguishable cell lineages are useful in the study of cell fate, cell–cell interaction in embryonic development, organ maintenance, and pathogenesis of diseases. The action of specific developmental mutations has been examined by rescuing mutations in chimeras. The resulting animals can establish whether the genetic effects of these mutations are cell dependent or cell autonomous. Mosaic patterns are both conserved and regulated in visceral organs so that the mosaic pattern analysis provides information useful in the generation of hypotheses of cell division patterns during organ formation. Mosaic pattern analysis in chimeras provides valuable cues to tissue organization. The development of new molecular markers, useful in prospective cell lineage analysis, provides new approaches to understanding the cell commitment and fate in mammalian development.
DNA polymerase gamma from Xenopus laevis. I. The identification of a high molecular weight catalytic subunit by a novel DNA polymerase photolabeling procedure.

DNA polymerase gamma has been purified over 10,000-fold from mitochondria of Xenopus laevis ovaries. We have developed a novel technique which specifically photolabels DNA polymerases. This procedure, the DNA polymerase trap, was used to identify a catalytic subunit of 140,000 Da from X. laevis DNA polymerase gamma. Additional catalytically active polypeptides of 100,000 and 55,000 Da were identified in the highly purified enzyme. These appear to be products of degradation of the 140,000-Da subunit. The DNA polymerase trap, which does not require large amounts of enzyme or renaturation from sodium dodecyl sulfate, is an alternative to the classic "activity gel."
Control of overhead cranes using a fuzzy logic controller

Transportation of massive loads using overhead cranes can excite undesirable payload swinging. These oscillations have to be damped before other payload manipulation is done. A fuzzy logic controller moves the overhead crane along a desired path while ensuring that the payload is swing-free at the end of the motion. The control action is divided between displacement and swing controllers to enable tuning the controllers. The fuzzy controller is used with a swing-damped bang-bang motion profile based on the natural frequency of the payload is used that ensures that large amplitudes are not excited. Examples, along with comparisons with a PD controller, are included. Experimental implementation of the proposed controller is presented.
The Academic Geography Video Genre: A Methodological Examination

This article compliments the video “Across Space: Finding the farm in the city.” It first outlines key methodological considerations in the production of a video in the academic geography video genre, including technology, scripting, editing, and the implications of authorship related to each of these. Then it discusses the intellectual aims of the video, which are to (i) show where the farm is represented in the city, (ii) show that by using the categories of urban and rural it allows us to attach values to places of a certain character, sometimes unjustifiably so, and (iii) demonstrate the transformative properties of space, i.e., how the meanings of artifacts change when they are used in different spatial contexts. The article concludes with methodological suggestions for other videographers wishing to produce motion pictures that relate themes frequently undertaken in academic geography.
1082 EFFECTS OF PERSISTENT MIDDLE EAR EFFUSION (PMEE) ON DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE (S&L)

To determine effects of PMEE occurring during the first 3 yrs. of life, we administered tests of SL we stratified according to duration of PMEE, sex, type of health-care, and socio-economic status (SES). Below are selected results for children with PMEE (130+ days) and those without PMEE (<30 days) in a suburban, private practice (I) and an urban clinic (II). These data suggest that PMEE early in life is associated with significant impairment of SL children from higher SES appear at greater risk. This study does not show if such effects are permanent or transient.
Absorption of copper(II) by creosote bush (Larrea tridentata): use of atomic and x-ray absorption spectroscopy.

Larrea tridentata (creosote bush), a common North American native desert shrub, exhibits the ability to take up copper(II) ions rapidly from solution. Following hydroponic studies, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 200.3 was used to digest the plant samples, and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) was used to determine the amount of copper taken up in different parts of the plant. The amount of copper(II) found within the roots, stems, and leaves was 13.8, 1.1, and 0.6 mg/g, respectively, after the creosote bush was exposed to a 63.5-ppm copper(II) solution for 48 h. When the plant was exposed to a 635-ppm copper(II) solution, the roots, stems, and leaves contained 35.0, 10.5, and 3.8 mg/g, respectively. In addition to FAAS analysis, x-ray microfluorescence (XRMF) analysis of the plant samples provided further confirmation of copper absorption by the various plant parts. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) elucidated the oxidation state of the copper absorbed by the plants. The copper(II) absorbed from solution remained as copper(II) bound to oxygen-containing ligands within the plant samples. The results of this study indicate that creosote bush may provide a useful and novel method of removing copper(II) from contaminated soils in an environmentally friendly manner.
Logo graphics as a mathematical environment

The graphics commands included in the Logo computer language do not rely on a global coordinate system. Descriptions of geometric figures in Logo tend therefore to be more procedural than descriptions arising with most other computer graphics implementations, and couched in terms of properties which are intrinsic to the figure in question rather than imposed by an external reference frame. The ramifications for Logo's role as an educational computer language include a congenial environment for introducing students to mathematics, a natural tool for constructing computational models of animal behavior and a springboard for forays into advanced mathematics.
Factors influencing the choice of projection textures for displaying layered surfaces

We report on an experiment designed to examine the effect of type and size of projection textures on the ability of human subjects to correctly estimate the surface normal on each of two terrain-like layered surfaces. Normal estimation was determined by the ability to correctly orient a probe so that it is aligned with the normal local to the surface to which it is attached. All presentations were optimized for layered surface viewing, being displayed on a high resolution stereoscope and with a rocking motion to provide motion cues. Three texture types were examined, each at both coarse and fine scales. One texture consisted of random dots, containing no consistent structural pattern. The other two texture types provided structure in two orthogonal directions, with one being a regular square grid, and the other parallel hatch marks arranged in ranks to form perceptual lines orthogonal to the hatches. The experiment demonstrates that structured patterns, indicating shape in two orthogonal directions, are superior to random dots. Using a grid on the bottom layer significantly improves perception of the bottom surface. However, between grids and hatches, there is no other statistically significant evidence that using differing texture type or scale across the two surfaces enhances the ability to estimate shape.
Characterization of the Pattern of Inflammatory Cell Influx in Chicks Following the Intraperitoneal Administration of Live Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella enteritidis-Immune Lymphokines

Abstract We characterized the inflammatory cell influx in day-old chicks induced by the i.p. administration of live Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and lymphokines from concanavalin A-stimulated SE-immune T lymphocytes (ILK). An i.p. injection of ILK along with 5 × 103 cfu SE increased the survival rate of chicks 48 h later from 70% (ILK-treated controls) compared with 25% (saline-treated). The injection of both the ILK and live SE (but not formalin-killed SE) resulted in an increased influx of inflammatory heterophils into the peritoneum that peaked at 4 h after the injections with no increase in peritoneal macrophages. The heterophil accumulation was not influenced by polymyxin B, but was sensitive to heat treatment (100 C for 1 h) of the ILK, suggesting that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not contribute to the induced accumulation of heterophils. Treatment of the chicks with nordihydroguaiaretic acid or indomethacin did not abrogate the induced heterophil accumulation, suggesting that arachidonic acid metabolites were not involved in the SE/ILK-induced accumulation of peritoneal heterophils. The results from the current studies indicate that 1) ILK-mediated resistance to SE-induced mortality is mediated by a rapid influx of inflammatory heterophils to the site of infection; 2) live SE, during invasion, are vital for the site-directed migration of the heterophils; and 3) the mechanisms of induced heterophil accumulation are unknown but involve neither LPS nor arachidonic acid metabolites.
Semisynthetic ‘acid-esterase’: Conformational modification of ribonuclease

Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease has been modified by exposure to acidic conditions, addition of indole propionic acid and crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The ‘acid-esterase’ generated was purified up to 100-fold by ammonium sulphate fractionation and gel filtration on Biogel P-30. The partially purified acid-esterase hydrolysed tryptophan ethyl ester (TrEE) and N-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) effectively at pH 6.0–6.3, but it had very little activity towards glycine ethyl ester and lysine ethyl ester. Hydrolysis of TrEE was competitively inhibited by tryptophan. The acid-esterase exhibited amidase activity towards benzoyl-l-arginine p-nitroanilide.
Mechanical activation and voltage-dependent charge movement in stretched muscle fibres.

Although properties of the intramembranous charge movement in frog skeletal muscle have now been fairly well characterised1–5, the function of this process remains uncertain6–9. Schneider and Chandler1 first suggested that the observed charge movement in sartorius fibres held near slack length in a hypertonic paralysing solution took place within the transverse (T) tubular membranes in the region of the triad feet and signalled tubular depolarisation to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), thereby initiating calcium release. More recently it has been reported that much of this charge movement is abolished in semitendinosus fibres stretched well beyond slack length in hypertonic Ringer solution10. Other studies using intracellular calcium indicators, however, have shown that substantial amounts of calcium are released by brief depolarisations in muscle fibres stretched to sarcomere lengths of 4.0 µm or more, when bathed in isotonic solutions11–13. The question thus arises, is charge movement abolished in muscle fibres stretched in an isotonic Ringer solution? As calcium release persists in these conditions, an inhibition of charge movement would make involvement of this phenomenon with calcium release very unlikely. We report here the influence of stretch on charge movement and on an aspect of mechanical activation indicative of calcium release using standard, microelectrode voltage-clamp experiments on intact frog twitch fibres. We found no dramatic dependence of these properties on fibre length, and the possibility of a functional role for charge movement in the regulation of calcium release remains.
A Relay for Ungrounded Shunt Reactors

A relay having high sensitivity and rapid speed of operation for detecting the neutral overvoltage associated with internal faults in ungrounded shunt reactors is described. Design features and development of the relay, and results from tests conducted at a typical reactor installation are presented. The relay demonstrated successful detection of simulated layer-to-layer reactor faults in about one cycle and sufficient immunity to false operation during the test series to be left in service for further evaluation. A comparison between the conventional reactor protection and that afforded by the new relay is illustrated.
"Change can be good": unit perspectives on transforming care at the bedside.

Background: How do nurses commit to effecting change, the kind of change that will transform both care received and the caregiver? This was the mission of Transforming Care at the Bedside, the 2003 initiative sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Institute of Healthcare Improvement. Observations and Objectives: This analysis reflects processes and context of unit change through Transforming Care at the Bedside. Organizational leadership includes engagement in change. Subjects and Methods: Descriptions of change process were solicited from stakeholder interviews and focus groups to evaluate and make recommendations for the future. Results and Conclusions: Stakeholders recognized that “Change can be good!” Reflection and strategic evaluation strengthen planning for sustainability supporting staff engagement and transformational leadership in an academic health science setting.
Complex binding of L-[3H]glutamate to hippocampal synaptic membranes in the absence of sodium.

Specific binding of L-[3H]glutamate was investigated with a thoroughly washed synaptic membrane preparation from rat hippocampal formation, a region of brain densely innervated by putatively glutamatergic fibers. L-[3H]Glutamate bound rapidly, saturably, and reversibly to these membranes in the absence of Na+. Specific binding was greatest around 38 degrees C and at a slightly acidic pH. Saturation isotherms fit a model of two independent binding sites with dissociation constants of 11 and 570 nM and corresponding densities of 2.5 and 47 pmol/mg protein. All potent amino acid excitants, except N-methyl-D-aspartate and kainate, and several excitatory amino acid antagonists inhibited specific radioligand binding with IC50 values between 10(-7) M and 10(-4) M. In contrast, weak amino acid excitants and an inhibitor of glutamate uptake were nearly inactive. Displacement curves were analyzed with a computer program that assumed the simultaneous contributions of two independent sites at which each compound competitively inhibited the binding of L-[3H]glutamate. According to this analysis, ibotenate and the L- and D-isomers of glutamate and aspartate bind preferentially to the high-affinity site, whereas quisqualate, L-alpha-aminoadipate, and the L- and D-isomers of homocysteate bind preferentially to the low-affinity site. With the notable exception of gamma-D-glutamylglycine, all of the more potent antagonists appear to bind preferentially to the low-affinity site. Both sites exhibit marked stereoselectivity for L-glutamate. D- and L-Homocysteate and most excitatory amino acid antagonists increased specific binding at concentrations below those required to demonstrate inhibition. Some properties of the low-affinity binding site resemble those of junctional glutamate receptors on insect muscle, but neither site appears to correspond to the "N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor" or the "quisqualate receptor."
Electrostatically Templated Self‐Assembly of Polymeric Particles: The Role of Friction and Shape Complementarity

Conductive electrodes held at kV potentials and patterned with non-conductive circular islands can drive templated self-assembly (TSA) of millimeter-sized polymeric particles. It is found, however, that the complementarity of the shapes of the “capturing” islands and the projected shapes of the “adsorbing” particles is insufficient to produce high quality assemblies. For instance, while spherical particles center onto circular islands and form highly regular arrays, disk-shaped particles remain off-centered on the same islands. These effects are due to frictional effects that compete with electrostatic forces during TSA. A finite-element model is used to quantify the forces acting in the system and suggests heuristic rules that guide the design of islands capturing particles of desired shapes and sizes.
Proposed biogenetic origin of secu'amamine A from allosecurinine: a model study to support the intermediacy of the putative aziridinium ion.

A model study to support the intermediacy of the aziridinium ion in the proposed biogenetic origin of secu'amamine A from allosecurinine is described.
Amino-acid sequence of human placental lactogen.

AN earlier report from this laboratory1 described striking homologies in the amino-acid composition of the peptides obtained from trypsin cleavage of human placental lactogen (HPL) and human growth hormone (HGH) and established a firm biochemical basis for the similarities in biological and immunological activity of the two hormones. The intrachain disulphide bonds were placed in similar locations and the carboxyl-terminal amino-acid sequences were shown to be identical except for one out of fourteen residues2. In other studies3,4, the amino-terminal sequence was determined and noted to be homologous for eleven of the first seventeen residues. We now report the complete amino-acid sequence of HPL and a comparison with the revised structure for HGH recently reported4. These two protein hormones are strikingly similar in structure, being identical in 85% of the corresponding positions. Of twenty-eight amino-acid substitutions, twenty-five are favoured changes and all but two of the twenty-five can be explained in terms of a single base change in the triplet codon5.
Hydrogen Production in Bioreactors: Current Trends

Abstract It is possible to design bioreactors for large-scale H2 production using microorganisms. Bioreactors can be distinguished based on the nature of H2 production: bioreactors with H2 production in the darkness by bacteria via water-gas shift reaction or fermentation and photobioreactors with H2 production from H2O using solar light by cyanobacteria or green algae. Hydrogen produced in a “water-gas shift reaction” or from glycerol is clean for injection into fuel cells. Fermenters or bioreactors with immobilized cells are used for H2 production in the darkness. Research efforts are concentrated on designing tubular or plastic bag photobioreactors incorporating green algae and cyanobacteria .
Evolutionary Principles Of Human Adolescence

* The Biological Approach * Motives * Social Motivation * Pride and Shame * Sex Differences in Reproductive Behavior * The Social Context of Human Adolescence * Puberty Rites * Pubertal Changes in Primates * Pubertal Changes in Boys * Pubertal Changes in Girls * Boys Peer Relations * Girls Peer Relations * Sexual Relations * Parent-Adolescent Relations * A Model of Human Adolescence
Comparison of Two Methods of Performing the Thellier Experiment (or, How the Thellier Experiment Should Not Be Done)

Two methods for performing the Thellier experiment on paleointensity determinations are compared. The first method is essentially that of Coe (1967) and the second is a slight modification of it. Prepared samples containing different species of magnetic particles are used, and both methods are always performed on the same sample. The study is designed to accent procedural differences between the two methods. It is shown that only the Coe method yields linear PNRM-PTRM (Partial ThermoRemanent Magnetization) plots for single domain and pseudo-single domain particles, because it maintains the symmetry between high-temperature VRM (Viscous Remanent Magnetization) and spontaneous decay, whereas for the modified Coe method the spontaneous decay is enhanced. For multidomain remanence, even the Coe method yields a nonlinear concave-up PNRM-PTRM plot. Paleointensity determinations employing only the ratio NRM/TRM provide no means of evaluating the reliability of the results.
NEW INSIGHTS INTO CORRELATION-BASED TEMPLATE MATCHING

Correction-based template matching has been used extensively in computer vision for object recognition and also for other tasks such as edge detection, stereo, motion and inspection. It has also found wide application in character recognition. A deeper understanding of the performance of this technique for such tasks would help predict when it will succeed or fail. Previous work on this problem has examined correlation-based template matching using signal processing techniques. Our approach is different: we dissect it employing concepts from geometry and physics. This leads to new insights into correlation-based template matching. We study the performance of correlation between images for different lighting conditions, viewpoints and scales of a scene, obtaining new results for scale variation and viewpoint change for binary images. We analyze gray level images for changes in lighting alone and obtain useful and novel formulae. Knowing how correlation behaves with these changes helps to strategically distribute templates for a given recognition task. We then develop a method to compute the probability of confusion for recognition by template matching. We obtain a closed form solution for the probability of confusion in the two template case. We conclude by noting that template matching encounters difficulties in tasks such as object recognition because of its strong dependence on viewing conditions, although it can be useful in some situations when templates are chosen and positioned judiciously.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Can I get a witness

Background The effect of family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on family members and the medical team remains controversial. Methods The authors enrolled 570 relatives of active cardiac arrest patients receiving CPR by 15 pre-hospital emergency medical service units. The units were randomly assigned either to systematically offer the family member the opportunity to observe CPR (intervention group) or to follow standard practice regarding family presence (control group). Objective: The primary end point was the proportion of relatives with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related symptoms at 90 days. Secondary end points included the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms and the effect of family presence on medical efforts at resuscitation, the well being of the healthcare team, and the occurrence of medicolegal claims. Design: Prospective cluster-randomized controlled trial. Setting: Emergency medical service units were deployed to areas of the city across all socioeconomic groups in France from November 2009 to October 2011. Subjects: Adult family members of adult patients in cardiac arrest occurring at home. Only one first-degree relative per patient was evaluated. The relative was chosen in accordance with the legislation on hospitalization at the request of a third party in the following order of preference: spouse, parent, offspring, sibling. Exclusion criteria were communication barriers with the relative and cardiac arrest cases in which resuscitation was not attempted. Intervention: For emergency medical service units assigned to the intervention, a medical team member systematically asked family members whether they wished to be present during the resuscitation. A communication guide helped introduce the relative to the resuscitation scene and, when required, to help with the announcement of the death. Results In the intervention group, 211 of 266 relatives (79%) witnessed CPR, compared with 131 of 304 relatives (43%) in the control group. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the frequency of PTSD-related symptoms was significantly higher in the control group than in the intervention group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2 to 2.5; P =0.004) and among family members who did not witness CPR than among those who did (adjusted odds ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.5; P =0.02). Relatives who did not witness CPR had symptoms of anxiety and depression more frequently than those who did witness CPR. Family-witnessed CPR did not affect resuscitation characteristics, patient survival, the level of emotional stress in the medical team, and did not result in medicolegal claims. Conclusions Family presence during CPR was associated with positive results on psychological variables of family members and did not interfere with medical efforts, cause increased stress in the healthcare team or result in medicolegal conflicts.
Melanoma in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Background The relationship between melanoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been minimally investigated. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the incidence of melanoma in patients with a history of CLL or NHL, and their associated mortality. Methods Cohorts of Kaiser Permanente Southern California members with a history of CLL and NHL were identified. Age-adjusted incidence density rates of melanoma among patients with CLL or NHL were compared with rates of melanoma among the general population of Kaiser Permanente Southern California patients. The mortality of patients with melanoma was examined using Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results The age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 person-years for melanoma among patients with either CLL or NHL was 107 (95% confidence interval 84.4-129.6) versus 25.9 among the general population (95% confidence interval 84.4-129.6, P Limitations This study was retrospective in nature; the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes used may contain diagnostic errors; and only overall survival was used in our analysis. Conclusions Patients with a history of CLL or NHL have a higher incidence of melanoma. Patients with CLL or NHL who are subsequently given the diagnosis of melanoma have a higher mortality than patients with melanoma without a preceding diagnosis of CLL.
Investigations regarding the maskless pendeo-epitaxial growth of GaN films prior to coalescence

Pendeo-epitaxy employs lateral growth from etched seed forms to achieve a marked reduction in dislocation density in a material. In this research, high-resolution X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy of GaN stripes and the laterally grown wings confirmed transmission electron microscopy results regarding the reduction in dislocations in the latter regions. Micro-Raman and X-ray diffraction measurements showed the wings to be tilted /spl les/0.15/spl deg/ due to tensile stresses in the stripes induced primarily by the mismatch in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the GaN stripe and the SiC substrate. A strong, low-temperature D/spl deg/X peak at /spl ap/3.466 eV with a FWHM of /spl les/300 /spl mu/eV was measured in the wing material by micro-photoluminescence. Films grown at 1020/spl deg/C exhibited similar vertical [0001] and lateral [112~0] growth rates. Increasing the growth temperature increased the latter due to the higher thermal stability of the (112~0) GaN and initiated growth of spiral hillocks on the (0001) surface of the stripes. The latter were due to adatom diffusion to heterogeneous steps previously nucleated at the intersections of pure screw or mixed dislocations. The (112~0) surface was atomically smooth under all growth conditions with a root mean square roughness value of 0.17 nm.
Estimation of the accuracy of determination of the Williams coefficients under the conditions of normal cleavage

The influence of errors of the determination of a stress field on the accuracy of calculation of the Williams expansion coefficients and on the error of reconstruction of the stress field under the conditions of normal cleavage is modeled and analyzed.
Neuromuscular spindles and depressor masticatory muscles of monkey

The purpose of this study was to obtain anatomical information concerning the presence of neuromuscular spindles in depressor muscles of the mandible of the monkey. The lateral pterygoid and anterior belly of digastric muscles were examined with serial paraffin sections of heads of seven fetal pig-tailed monkeys and of muscles dissected out of five adolescent rhesus monkeys. No neuromuscular spindles were evident in these muscles, nor in the mylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric muscles. The fetal muscles contained a concentration of muscle spindles in the horizontal portion of the temporal muscle and in the deep portion of the masseter muscle, in the region anterior to the temporomandibular joint. These last two muscles insert into the anterosuperior portion of the articular disc.
The Tennis Ball Bomb Incident or the Safety Plan as “Shelf Document”

Abstract This article presents a case study of a single incident involving a high school student who brought a “tennis ball” bomb to school. Although the district had recently created a safety plan, with a specific protocol for the discovery of a bomb in the building, the principal and the crises team ignored it. The principal did not refer to the safety plan because the incident did not take on the dimensions of a crisis until relatively late in its course. The crisis response team did not use the safety plan because they felt that they already knew from experience how best to deal with the situation. Both felt a lack of ownership in the safety plan because they had not been involved in drafting it. The article examines these and other problems of safety plan implementation and suggests remedies.
Energy confinement in tokamaks

A generalization is made of the Ohmic energy confinement scaling by Pfeiffer and Waltz and the neo-Alcator scaling. The global energy confinement time is obtained by integrating the conduction dominated steady state total heat balance equation with the thermal conduction coefficient derived from Pfeiffer and Waltz type scaling, retaining the temperature scaling exponent. The model includes analytic approximations to the heating profile effect for a variety of heating methods, a sawtooth effect as well as a correction for non-conductive losses near the maximum obtainable density. A systematic calibration to experimental data from limiter discharges with Ohmic, electron cyclotron, and neutral beam heating is done to determine the adjustable free parameters. With considerably fewer explicitly adjustable free parameters, the model appears to give a better fit to the available data than the Goldston model.
Negative Role of RIG-I Serine 8 Phosphorylation in the Regulation of Interferon-β Production

RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I) and TRIM25 (tripartite motif protein 25) have emerged as key regulatory factors to induce interferon (IFN)-mediated innate immune responses to limit viral replication. Upon recognition of viral RNA, TRIM25 E3 ligase binds the first caspase recruitment domain (CARD) of RIG-I and subsequently induces lysine 172 ubiquitination of the second CARD of RIG-I, which is essential for the interaction with downstream MAVS/IPS-1/CARDIF/VISA and, thereby, IFN-β mRNA production. Although ubiquitination has emerged as a major factor involved in RIG-I activation, the potential contribution of other post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, to the regulation of RIG-I activity has not been addressed. Here, we report the identification of serine 8 phosphorylation at the first CARD of RIG-I as a negative regulatory mechanism of RIG-I-mediated IFN-β production. Immunoblot analysis with a phosphospecific antibody showed that RIG-I serine 8 phosphorylation steady-state levels were decreased upon stimulation of cells with IFN-β or virus infection. Substitution of serine 8 in the CARD RIG-I functional domain with phosphomimetic aspartate or glutamate results in decreased TRIM25 binding, RIG-I ubiquitination, MAVS binding, and downstream signaling. Finally, sequence comparison reveals that only primate species carry serine 8, whereas other animal species carry an asparagine, indicating that serine 8 phosphorylation may represent a primate-specific regulation of RIG-I activation. Collectively, these data suggest that the phosphorylation of RIG-I serine 8 operates as a negative switch of RIG-I activation by suppressing TRIM25 interaction, further underscoring the importance of RIG-I and TRIM25 connection in type I IFN signal transduction.
DISCERN: Cooperative whitespace scanning in practical environments

Cognitive radio devices opportunistically operate on whitespace channels, provided those channels are not in use by the primary users. This opportunistic reusing of channels requires secondary users to perform fast and efficient sensing to determine the unused channels. Although individual secondary clients may be unwilling to frequently sense all the channels, their density could be exploited for tasking the individual devices to collaboratively extract useful information on spectrum usage. It is critical to determine how the sensing tasks should be assigned to different secondary users. This is particularly challenging in practical networks due to the variability in the sensing accuracy of different users that may arise because of multipath effects on the signal and varying distances from the primary transmitters. Further, presence of multiple Primary Users on the same channel makes it challenging to select the best users for sensing. Finally, to reduce the sensing overhead, it is beneficial to limit the number of channel sensing tasks that can be performed within a given time period. We propose a novel metric that captures the sensing accuracy of a given sensing assignment. Using our metric, we design an algorithm DISCERN for computing the sensing assignment that maximizes the sensing accuracy. Our algorithm is the first to take into account the limitations in practical networks. Our work is motivated by experimental measurements. Tracedriven simulations show that DISCERN increases the sensing accuracy by at least 30%. Theoretical analysis shows that the sensing assignment computed by DISCERN performs within 63% of the exponential-time optimal solution.
Teaching Students about Plagiarism Using a Web-Based Module.

The following research delivered a web-based module about plagiarism and paraphrasing to avoid plagiarism in both a blended method, with live instruction paired with web presentation for 105 students, and a separate web-only method for 22 other students. Participants were graduates and undergraduates preparing to become teachers, the majority of whom were pursuing certification in elementary education. After the module, students practised paraphrasing with their own written example, then took a Likert-scale survey about their perceptions of the module and provided demographic information. The majority of students expressed a high level of satisfaction with not only the module itself but also their own increased knowledge about paraphrasing and plagiarism. Graduate students and students in the live group felt that pairing an instructor with the module furthered their understanding of paraphrasing. Students who identified themselves as having cheated felt that they had better learned how to paraphrase from ...
An 83-Year-Old Woman with Discordant Urine Protein Results

An 83-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with weakness and weight loss. A urinalysis was ordered. The urine was clear and light yellow. A urine protein estimate obtained with reagent strips (Clinitek Atlas®; Siemens) was 30 mg/dL; however, quantitative measurement of the total protein concentration (UniCel® DxC 800; Beckman Coulter) of a second urine sample yielded a value of 980 mg/dL. Using reagent strips (Multistix® 10 SG; Siemens) on the second sample again yielded a urine protein estimate of 30 mg/dL. 1. What are the differences between semiquantitative …
Cooperative kinetics of both Hsp104 ATPase domains and interdomain communication revealed by AAA sensor-1 mutants

AAA proteins share a conserved active site for ATP hydrolysis and regulate many cellular processes. AAA proteins are oligomeric and often have multiple ATPase domains per monomer, which is suggestive of complex allosteric kinetics of ATP hydrolysis. Here, using wild-type Hsp104 in the hexameric state, we demonstrate that its two AAA modules (NBD1 and NBD2) have very different catalytic activities, but each displays cooperative kinetics of hydrolysis. Using mutations in the AAA sensor-1 motif of NBD1 and NBD2 that reduce the rate of ATP hydrolysis without affecting nucleotide binding, we also examine the consequences of keeping each site in the ATP-bound state. In vitro, reducing kcat at NBD2 significantly alters the steady-state kinetic behavior of NBD1. Thus, Hsp104 exhibits allosteric communication between the two sites in addition to homotypic cooperativity at both NBD1 and NBD2. In vivo, each sensor-1 mutation causes a loss-of-function phenotype in two assays of Hsp104 function (thermotolerance and yeast prion propagation), demonstrating the importance of ATP hydrolysis as distinct from ATP binding at each site for Hsp104 function.
Use of approximate gradients in trajectory optimization

Introduction T HE nonlinear programming approach has proven quite successful in solving optimal control problems, especially for highly nonlinear complicated systems. It does not usually require a very good initial estimate of the solution and offers great flexibility when the system model changes. Also, considerably less programming efforts are needed when all gradient information is generated by finite differences. In some problems, such as trajectory optimization for multistage launch vehicles where discontinuities in the system are inherent, the application of the necessary conditions in the function space is almost prohibitive. For those problems, the nonlinear programming approach has demonstrated great superiority over other methods. On the other hand, the efficiency of the nonlinear programming approach is not as good because additional n +1 (n = dimensionality of the problem) integrations of the system equations are required to compute the gradients in each iteration by finite differences. As a result, the dominant portion of computational time is spent on the gradient evaluations. There are situations where it is essential to obtain quickly a trajectory that satisfies all terminal constraints and any other imposed constraints when a slight penalty on the performance index is tolerable. Such a trajectory serves all of the practical purposes well even if it is just near optimal. In this Note, we shall explore the possibility of using approximate gradients to enhance the efficiency of the nonlinear programming approach. A formula for approximate gradients is derived that is more accurate than a well known result. The method is tested on trajectory optimization for an advanced launch system.
It cuts both ways: reconciling the dual roles of caspase 8 in cell death and survival.

Caspase 8 initiates apoptosis but also has non-apoptotic roles during embryonic development and for immune cell proliferation. Recent findings indicate that the non-apoptotic functions of caspase 8 are defined by the suppression of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), a kinase that triggers programmed necrosis.
t(15;17)(q24.1;q21.2)/ PML-RARA in blast phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia: a rare form of clonal evolution

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in blast phase (BP) is frequently accompanied by cytogenetic abnormalities in addition to t(9;22)(q34;q11.2). We describe a 72-year-old woman with a history of CML, treated with imatinib, and in complete remission for 23 months when she developed sudden coagulopathy as a manifestation of BP. Bone marrow (BM) aspiration and biopsy revealed hypercellular BM with numerous promyelocytes with cytochemical analysis of a BM aspirate smear showing strong myelokperoxidase positivity. Auer rods were also identified. Conventional cytogenetic analysis showed 46,XX,der(3)t(3;15)(q21;q15)t(15;17)(q24.1;q21.2),t(9;22)(q34;q11.2),der(15)t(3;15),del(17)(q21)[20]. The presence of BCR-ABL1 and PML-RARA were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Molecular studies showed no mutations in ABL1, FLT3, NPM1, RAS, KIT, IDH1, IDH2, and JAK2 genes. The patient was treated with all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide and achieved complete cytogenetic remission with no evidence of PML-RARA detected by FISH and RT-PCR and low level of BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts detected by RT-PCR. The patient expired as a result of multiorgan system failure 2 months later. Based on our review of the literature, this is the second confirmed case of CML developing t(15;17)(q24.1;q21.2)/PML-RARA at time of BP. Although the BP resembled de novo acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) morphologically, this patient had a more aggressive clinical course (compared with de novo APL) and died of complications of therapy.
Catalan cinema: Historical experience and cinematic practice

(1991). Catalan cinema: Historical experience and cinematic practice. Quarterly Review of Film and Video: Vol. 13, No. 1-3, pp. 131-146.