cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of psychological health in caregivers of patients with closed head injury

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the contribution of coping strategies, subjective burden, and social support to psychological health in caregivers. The sample included 69 primary caregivers of patients with severe closed head injuries. There were three groups of caregivers: acute (0-6 months post-injury); intermediate (6 months-1.5 years); and long-term (> 1.5 years). All had participated in rehabilitation. Caregivers completed an interview and series of questionnaires, including the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, Social Support Questionnaire, Subjective Burden Measure, and General Health Questionnaire. The Disability Rating Scale was completed by staff to assess patients' level of functioning at the time of caregivers' assessment. ANOVA revealed no between-group differences in coping style or social support. Multiple regression revealed that greater use of emotion-focused coping was associated with greater emotional distress. Coping style contributed to a greater proportion of the variance in caregivers' psychological health that did patients' level of functioning. Increased satisfaction with social support was associated with less emotional distress. The full model, including group, caregiver gender, emotion-focused coping, social support, patient level of recovery, burden, and the burden x coping interaction accounted for over half of the variance in psychological health. Results support a multidimensional model for explaining caregivers' adjustment.
Construction Management Challenges and Best Practices for Rural Transit Projects

AbstractRural transit projects are often small in scope but numerous and geographically dispersed. Management of these projects can be challenging because of very limited resources, unique risk factors, and a lack of construction management expertise. Without effective construction management strategies, it is unlikely that rural transit projects will be optimally planned and controlled, possibly resulting in delays, cost overruns, rework, injuries, and poor quality. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive desk scan, survey, and case studies that focused on identifying specific construction management challenges and effective practices that are unique to rural projects. We obtained responses from 33 of the 52 U.S. states’ Departments of Transportation (63%) and two Canadian provinces. The survey findings were validated with interviews from representatives of seven rural case study projects. The results indicate that the primary issues facing rural transit projects include documentation issues; ...
The management of uveal melanomas with extrascleral extension

The authors' recommended management of uveal melanomas with extrascleral extension has undergone considerable change in recent years. Orbital exenteration is not always employed and other methods are now used, depending upon the type of extrascleral extension and how and when the extrascleral extension was detected. At present there appears to be no contraindication to using episcleral plaque radiotherapy for patients with small areas of extrascleral extension. However, the prognosis remains relatively poor regardless of the treatment employed. In future years we hope to have enough data to compare carefully cases with extrascleral extension treated by enucleation and those treated with radiotherapy. In view of the poor prognosis following exenteration, we believe that selected use of these alternative methods is justified.
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in Shaken Baby Syndrome.

Abstract PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWIMRI) in the diagnosis and management of children with suspected or confirmed Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS). METHODS: This was a retrospective interventional case series of all infants and children younger than 2 years of age admitted to a children’s hospital. We retrospectively reviewed medical records and neuroimaging findings of all children younger than 2 years of age with confirmed or suspected SBS admitted to a children’s hospital. Inclusion criteria were documented ocular examination by an ophthalmologist and a brain MRI with DWI. Twenty-six infants and children were included. Other children were excluded. Children with proven SBS were diagnosed with “confirmed SBS,” while children in whom the diagnosis of SBS remained uncertain were diagnosed with “suspected SBS.” RESULTS: Twenty-six infants and children with mean age of 7.1 months (range, 6 weeks–24 months) were included, 18 with confirmed SBS. All 26 patients had a subdural hematoma, 10 had associated occult bone fractures, and 18 had retinal hemorrhages. Seven of the eight cases without retinal hemorrhages had isolated subdural hematoma without parenchymal brain lesions on both conventional MRI and DWIMRI. SBS was confirmed in only one case with a normal fundus. Among the 18 patients with retinal hemorrhages, SBS was confirmed in all but one case. All 18 patients with confirmed SBS had an abnormal DWIMRI. In 13 patients, DWI showed lesions that were larger than on conventional MRI. In patients with brain parenchymal lesions, the DWIMRI characteristics suggested cerebral ischemia, which appears to play a major role in SBS. CONCLUSIONS: In all patients with confirmed SBS, DWIMRI was abnormal and suggested diffuse or posterior cerebral ischemia, in addition to subdural hematomas in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Low-cost BiCMOS variable gain LNA at Ku-band with ultra-low power consumption

A low-noise amplifier (LNA) at Ku-band with variable gain for adaptive antenna combining is presented. The compact MMIC is optimized for low-power-consuming wireless local area network applications and is fabricated using commercial 0.25-/spl mu/m bipolar complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology. At 16 GHz, a supply voltage of 1.5 V and a current consumption of only 1.5 mA, maximum gain of 14.5 dB, noise figure of 3.8 dB, and third-order intercept point at the output of 1 dBm are measured. At a supply voltage of only 1 V and a supply current of 0.9 mA, a gain of 11 dB was achieved, yielding a gain per supply power figure-of-merit of 12.2 dB/mW, which, to the knowledge of the authors, is the highest reported to date for Ku-band LNAs, independent of the technology used. The characteristics of different bias methods for amplitude control of the cascode circuit are elaborately discussed. A bias-control method is proposed to significantly decrease the transmission phase variations versus gain.
Time variation of the fine structure constant driven by quintessence

There are indications from the study of quasar absorption spectra that the fine structure constant $\alpha$ may have been measurably smaller for redshifts $z>2.$ Analyses of other data ($^{149}$Sm fission rate for the Oklo natural reactor, variation of $^{187}$Re $\beta$-decay rate in meteorite studies, atomic clock measurements) which probe variations of $\alpha$ in the more recent past imply much smaller deviations from its present value. In this work we tie the variation of $\alpha$ to the evolution of the quintessence field proposed by Albrecht and Skordis, and show that agreement with all these data, as well as consistency with WMAP observations, can be achieved for a range of parameters. Some definite predictions follow for upcoming space missions searching for violations of the equivalence principle.
The rise of kink-unstable magnetic flux tubes and the origin of δ-configuration sunspots

We perform three-dimensional simulations of the rise of twisted magnetic —ux tubes in an adiabatically strati—ed model solar convection zone. The initial —ux tube in our simulations is a uniformly twisted, buoyant, horizontal tube located near the bottom of the strati—ed layer. The twist of the initial —ux tube is described by a parameter a, which is de—ned as the angular rate of —eld-line rotation about the tube axis per unit length of the tube. We study the nonlinear evolution of the helical kink instability of the —ux tube as it rises through the strati—ed layer. We —nd from our simulations that in order for the tube to develop signi—cant kinking during its rise, the initial twist of the tube needs to be close to or greater than the critical limit for the onset of the kink instability. If the initial twist is signi—cantly below the (a c ) critical limit (a below about 50% of we —nd essentially no kink development and the evolution is a c ), similar to the results from previous two-dimensional simulations of the rise of twisted, horizontal —ux tubes. On the other hand, if the initial twist is sufficiently greater than the critical limit such that the e-folding period of the fastest growing kink mode is small compared to the rise time of the tube, we —nd sharp bending and distortion of the tube as a result of the nonlinear evolution of the kink instability. In this case, we —nd that due to the eUect of gravitational strati—cation, the kinked —ux tube arches upward and evolves into a buckled loop with a local change of tube orientation at the loop apex that exceeds 90i from the original direction of the tube. The emergence of this buckled loop can give rise to a compact magnetic bipole with polarity order inverted from the Hale polarity law, similar to the con—gu- ration often seen in d spots. Furthermore, our simulations show that the writhing of the tube axis as a result of the kink instability stretches the —ux tube and increases its buoyancy. Hence, the development of the kink instability can speed up the overall rise of the —ux tube. Subject headings: MHDSun: magnetic —eldssunspots
Virtual reality hypnosis for pain associated with recovery from physical trauma.

Pain following traumatic injuries is common, can impair injury recovery and is often inadequately treated. In particular, the role of adjunctive nonpharmacologic analgesic techniques is unclear. The authors report a randomized, controlled study of 21 hospitalized trauma patients to assess the analgesic efficacy of virtual reality hypnosis (VRH)—hypnotic induction and analgesic suggestion delivered by customized virtual reality (VR) hardware/software. Subjective pain ratings were obtained immediately and 8 hours after VRH (used as an adjunct to standard analgesic care) and compared to both adjunctive VR without hypnosis and standard care alone. VRH patients reported less pain intensity and less pain unpleasantness compared to control groups. These preliminary findings suggest that VRH analgesia is a novel technology worthy of further study, both to improve pain management and to increase availability of hypnotic analgesia to populations without access to therapist-provided hypnosis and suggestion.
An epidural intracranial pressure monitor for experimental use in the rat.

We describe the construction and use of a simple and reliable catheter system that can be used to monitor intracranial pressure (ICP) from the epidural space in rats in an experimental setting. The catheter system is easily fabricated in the laboratory from readily available materials. The monitor is fitted flush with the inner table through a burr hole in the temporal squama. A side port is used to fill the system with saline and to irrigate the system should the catheter become obstructed. The distal end of the catheter is fitted to a pressure transducer that is connected to a graphic display and recording system. This system was used to record ICP in 30 anaesthetized adult rats. Seven were subjected to baseline ICP recording only and 23 were subjected to baseline recording followed by epidural balloon compression of the contralateral hemisphere. Baseline ICP varied between 0 and 8 mmHg and respiratory variation could be detected on the tracings for 24 rats (75%). ICP responded directly and sensitively ...
PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF TWO FUNGI ISOLATED FROM NYMPHAEA ODORATA

Physiological studies of Dichotomophthoropsis nymphaearum and Sclerotium hydrophilum were undertaken to determine the growth parameters for these two fungi. Optimum or near-optimum growth of D. nymphaearum occurred at temperatures of 25 and 30 C. Optimum temperature for growth of S. hydrophilum was 30 C, although maximum sclerotial production occurred at 25 C. Both fungi were able to utilize all of the carbon sources tested. Dichotomophthoropsis nymphaearum gave lower mycelial yields on xylose, while S. hydrophilum grew poorly on maltose. Both fungi utilized inorganic and organic nitrogen sources, but mycelial yields were lower when ammonium sulphate served as the nitrogen source. Glycine was also a poor nitrogen source for S. hydrophilum. Thiamine was required by both isolates of D. nymphaearum studied and by one of the isolates of S. hydrophilum. Light was not found to be essential for conidium production by D. nymphaearum or for the initiation of sclerotia by S. hydrophilum, although it did affect maturation of these structures. Pairing of six isolates of each fungus in all possible combinations and on several media failed to give evidence of a sexual response or production of a sexual state.
Recent advances in the modification of taste and food preferences following bariatric surgery

There is a large body of evidence indicating that bariatric surgery provides durable weight loss and health benefits to patients who are obese and have comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there are still many questions related to mechanisms of metabolic improvement, predictors of success/failure, and long term consequences, which need to be answered. More recently, there has been a particular interest in the modulation of taste and food preferences that occurs after bariatric surgery and how this affects weight loss in different individuals. Animal models as well as human studies have shed some light on the role of taste in changing food preferences and how these changes may affect weight loss after surgery. The goal of this review is to discuss the physiological and behavioral consequences of bariatric surgery as a treatment for obesity and T2D, with particular emphasis on recent studies describing bariatric surgery-induced modifications in taste perception and food preferences.
Sequential pathogenesis of metastatic VHL mutant clear cell renal cell carcinoma: putting it together with a translational perspective

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for ∼80% of all RCC, and biallelic Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene defects occur in ∼75% of sporadic ccRCC. The etiopathogenesis of VHL mutant metastatic RCC, based on our understanding to date of molecular mechanisms involved, is a sequence of events which can be grouped under the following: (i) loss of VHL activity (germline/somatic mutation + inactivation of the wild-type copy); (ii) constitutive activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway due to loss of VHL activity and transcription of genes involved in angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, metastasis, survival, anaerobic glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway; (iii) interactions of the HIF pathway with other oncogenic pathways; (iv) genome-wide epigenetic changes (potentially driven by an overactive HIF pathway) and the influence of epigenetics on various oncogenic, apoptotic, cell cycle regulatory and mismatch repair pathways (inhibition of multiple tumor suppressor genes); (v) immune evasion, at least partially caused by changes in the epigenome. These mechanisms interact throughout the pathogenesis and progression of disease, and also confer chemoresistance and radioresistance, making it one of the most difficult metastatic cancers to treat. This article puts together the sequential pathogenesis of VHL mutant ccRCC by elaborating these mechanisms and the interplay of oncogenic pathways, epigenetics, metabolism and immune evasion, with a perspective on potential therapeutic strategies. We reflect on the huge gap between our understanding of the molecular biology and currently accepted standard of care in metastatic ccRCC, and present ideas for better translational research involving therapeutic strategies with combinatorial drug approach, targeting different aspects of the pathogenesis.
PCR-detection of tumor-derived p53 DNA in cerebrospinal fluid

The sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods for the detection of DNA offers opportunities for tumor diagnosis from the small amounts of tumor-derived DNA released into body fluids. Tumor-derived DNA can be distinguished from DNA derived from non-neoplastic cells by the presence of tumor specific genomic alterations, such as mutations in the p53 gene. This case report describes the use of allele-specific PCR (A-PCR) to detect a C-->T transition in p53 codon 273 in DNA extracted from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient whose glioblastoma contained the same mutation. The results of this study were confirmed by a second independent A-PCR reaction that detected the corresponding G-->A transition on the opposite strand. The specificity of the A-PCR protocol was demonstrated by negative controls, including pooled human placental DNA and the patient's non-tumor DNA, and by the use of A-PCR primers to detect all four possible bases at the site of the mutation. The methodology used in this study is suitable for use as a diagnostic clinical test. Because about half of all human tumors contain p53 mutations, PCR examination of CSF for the presence of mutant p53 sequences may be useful in the diagnosis of recurrent or metastatic tumors. Patients with known carcinoma of the breast or lung might be particularly benefited by this test.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEARNING MODEL, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, AND ITS INTERACTIONS ON RESPONSE AND MATHEMATICS LEARNING OUTCOMES OF GRAD VIII STUDENTS AT SMPN 3 IN MAKASSAR

The study aims at examining (i) the influence of learning model (discovery learning and cooperative learning of NHT type) on response and Mathematics learning outcomes of grade VIII students at SMPN 3 in Makassar, (ii) the influence of emotional intelligence on response and Mathematics learning outcomes of grade VIII students at SMPN 3 in Makassar, (iii) the influence of interactions between emotional intelligence and learning model (discovery learning and cooperative learning of NHT type) applied to grade VIII students at SMPN 3 in Makassar. The population of the study was grade VIII students at SMPN 3 in Makassar of academic year 2015/2016 which consisted of 9 homogenous classes with the total of 351 students. Two out of nine classes were chosen as the experiment units as experiment class 1 and experiment class 2 taken by employing simple random sampling technique and obtained class VIII 7 as the experiment class 1 and class VIII 9 as the experiment class 2. Class VIII 7 as the experiment class I applied discovery learning and class VIII 9 as the experiment class 2 applied cooperative learning model of NHT type. The type of the study was quasi experiment which characterized by the treatment on the objects to be studied. Data were collected by employing observation sheet, questionnaire, test, and documentation study. Data were then analyzed by using MANOVA with IBM SPSS Amos version 20. The results of the study reveal that (i) there is influence of learning model (discovery learning and cooperative learning of NHT type) on the response and Mathematics learning outcomes of grade VIII students at SMPN 3 in Makassar, in this case the response and Mathematics learning outcomes of students who were taught by using discovery learning is higher than the ones taught by using cooperative learning model of NHT type, (ii) there is influence of emotional intelligence (high and low) on students' response and Mathematics learning outcomes of grade VIII students at SMPN 3 in Makassar, in this case the response and Mathematics learning outcomes of students who have high emotional intelligence is higher than the students who have low emotional intelligence, and (iii) there is influence of interactions between learning model and emotional intelligence on students’ response and Mathematics learning outcomes of grade VIII students at SMPN 3 in Makassar.
Toward the anthropology of white nationalist postracialism: Comments inspired by Hall, Goldstein, and Ingram’s “The hands of Donald Trump”

This article explains Donald Trump’s brutal political effectiveness in terms of his white nationalist appeal. It locates the intellectual, popular, and policy imperatives of Trumpism in a new form of racial politics that I am calling white nationalist postracialism. This is a paradoxical politics of twenty-first-century white racial resentment whose proponents seek to do two contradictory things: to reclaim the nation for white Americans while also denying an ideological investment in white supremacy. The article shows how Trump’s excoriation of political correctness, his nostalgia for the post–WWII industrial economy, his use of hand gestures, and his public speaking about race work together to telegraph a white nationalist message to his followers without making them feel that he is, or they are, racist. I end the article by explaining why I think that Donald Trump’s embrace of many white nationalist ideological precepts—if not quite yet of white nationalism as a fully realized political project—makes g...
Rare Tumors: Pathology and Biology Perspectives

The study of pediatric rare tumors is complicated at many levels. Accurate pathologic identification is essential, yet pediatric expertise is limited. For success, various collaborations are crucial. First, surgeons and pathologists must coordinate their efforts prior to surgery to ensure that sufficient material is obtained and that material is handled appropriately. Second, pathologists must be willing to consult others who may have more expertise. Two examples are a central review team (as developed in pediatric oncology groups) or pathologists with specific skills in adult tumors. Biological studies are also crucial to success in the study of rare pediatric tumors. As the whole-genome project moves forward, clinicians and investigators must be prepared to apply new information and molecular analysis methods to further understand the etiopathogenesis of those tumors. Two successful examples of molecular characterization in pediatrics: the pleurapulmonary blastoma family of diseases (Hill et al. 2009) and midline ­carcinoma with NUTT gene rearrangement (French et al. 2004). Further progress will be hampered if we do not establish a clear strategy to collect and store precious rare tumor material for future study. In addition, biological data must be fully integrated with data from clinical registries to fully enhance studies on rare pediatric tumors.
Bisoprolol improved function but not survival in heart failure

Source Citation CIBIS Investigators and Committees. A randomized trial of β-blockade in heart failure. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS). Circulation. 1994 Oct;90:1765-73.
Prevalence of Modifiable Cancer Risk Factors Among U.S. Adults Aged 18-44 Years.

Introduction Carcinogen exposure and unhealthy habits acquired in young adulthood can set the stage for the development of cancer at older ages. This study measured the current prevalence of several cancer risk factors among young adults to assess opportunities to intervene to change the prevalence of these risk factors and potentially reduce cancer incidence. Methods Using 2015 National Health Interview Survey data (analyzed in 2016), the prevalence of potential cancer risk factors was estimated among U.S. adults aged 18–44 years, based on responses to questions about diet, physical activity, tobacco product use, alcohol, indoor tanning, sleep, human papillomavirus vaccine receipt, and obesity, stratified by sex, age, and race/ethnicity. Results The prevalence of some risk factors varied by age and race/ethnicity. Obesity (one in four people) and insufficient sleep (one in three people) were common among men and women. Physical inactivity (one in five men, one in four women); binge drinking (one in four men, one in eight women); cigarette smoking (one in five men, one in seven women); and frequent consumption of red meat (one in four men, one in six women) also were common. More than half of the population of adults aged 18–44 years consumed sugar-sweetened beverages daily and processed meat at least once a week. Most young adults had never had the human papillomavirus vaccine. Conclusions Findings can be used to target evidence-based environmental and policy interventions to reduce the prevalence of cancer risk factors among young adults and prevent the development of future cancers.
Human immunodeficiency virus: an agent that defies vaccination.

Publisher Summary Vaccines have been successfully developed for the prevention of many viral diseases of humans. There are a number of other viral infections that cause diseases worthy of prevention but are more difficult to attack. These include herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, and varicella zoster, all capable of persisting as latent infections. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is perhaps the most difficult to control of all such virus diseases, and certainly the most important on a worldwide basis. This chapter reviews HIV as a prototype of those viruses that will probably defy conventional vaccines, and that challenges one to devise new approaches to immunization. It is discussed that an approach intracellular vaccination could render resistant to superinfection with HIV. Such approach involves the construction of an altered or avirulent strain of HIV, which would establish persistent infection and render infected cells resistant to superinfection with virulent HIV. Alternatively, uninfected cells could be stably transfected with a construct which encoded an RNA transcript capable of interfering with successful replication of HIV, such as an antisense tat sequence.
Is it Enough to Just Say No to Nazis? Comments on Stephen White’s A Democratic Bearing:

In this paper I pose two questions for Stephen White and his aspirational model of citizenship. The first is to ask what ethical sources do citizens need to oppose the presence of Nazis in our publ...
Father-Daughter Incest: A Model for Treatment

The past ten years has witnessed a remarkable proliferation of papers in the clinical and social science literature on the topic of incest. For example, a computer citation search from 1970 to 1982 showed more than 260 papers that discussed incest from a variety of medical, social, and sociolegal perspectives. Remarkably absent in this literature, however, are reports on how to treat the problem. The purpose of this paper is to describe a model for the treatment of incestuous families. This model, developed in 1971 by Hank Giarretto* for the Child Sex Abuse Treatment Program in San Jose, California, has been used successfully to treat more than 4000 families in the San Jose area; it is also in use in 105 satellite child sexual abuse treatment programs in the United States, Canada, and Australia.
Connectivity and Depth First Search

In previous chapters, we encountered the notions of connectivity, strong connectivity, and k-connectivity. In particular, we already know an efficient method for determining the connected components of a graph: breadth first search (BFS). In the present chapter, we mainly treat algorithmic questions concerning k-connectivity and strong connectivity. To this end, we introduce a further important strategy for searching graphs and digraphs (besides BFS), namely depth first search—which may also be thought of as a strategy for traversing a maze. In addition, we present various theoretical results, such as characterizations of 2-connected graphs and of edge connectivity.
Towards a Radically Social Constructivism

Open peer commentary on the target article “Who Conceives of Society?” by Ernst von Glasersfeld. Excerpt: The fore going is intended to claim a place for a radically social constructivism that …
Information content of downwelling skylight for non-imaging visual systems

Light-sensitive proteins (opsins) are expressed in non-imaging tissues like the brain, dermis and reproductive organs of most animals. Such tissues have been shown to sense the intensity and spectrum of light over time. Functional links to circadian and reproductive rhythms have been speculated but remain uncertain. Here we use information theory to quantify the `natural scene' for non-imaging opsins, i.e., spectral patterns in downwelling skylight. Our approach synthesizes measurements of natural downwelling spectra, atmospheric distortions, and weather, with the biophysical constraints of opsins and biochemical clocks, while minimizing assumptions about how organisms process such information. We find that tissues expressing multiple opsins could use twilight to extract significant information about lunar phase and time of day in many climates. In contrast, information in light intensity is far less robust to atmospheric perturbations. Thus our work quantifies circalunar and circadian regularities in the spectrum of downwelling radiance salient to non-imaging opsins.
How Goldman Sachs Turned the Great Recession into Competitive Advantage Using Strategic Management

What are the strategic questions confronting Goldman Sachs in the wake of the Great Recession? Goldman Sachs has been considered the most prestigious investment banking firm on Wall Street. Since September 2008, Goldman operates as a bank holding company and financial holding company regulated by the Federal Reserve. It gives advice on how to achieve long-term financial goals in times of both prosperity and crisis. This case reveals how Goldman Sachs became the quintessential global firm for the current period, which combines both growth and weaknesses. It further argues that Goldman Sachs has adopted innovative strategies one step ahead of its competitors, thus surviving the worst of times and redefining the traditional investment banking field.
The Optimal Level of Earnings Management Deterrence

The social welfare costs of earnings management have been known to include the distortion of real investment decisions (resulting in inefficient allocation of resources), as well as deadweight loss incurred by the firms to manage earnings. One of the ways used to mitigate the effect of these costs is increasing the level of earnings management deterrence through legislation, regulation and enforcement, as in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. However, by analyzing a rational expectations equilibrium that includes firms, investors, standard-setters, and legislators, I find that there are situations where such an increase in the level of earnings management deterrence may well be counter-productive. When considering the informational benefits of managing earnings and the substitution effect of accrual-based earnings management with real earnings management, increasing deterrence may result in decreasing the information value of financial reporting as well as increasing total social welfare costs of earnings management.
Fast Node Communication ADMM-based Imaging Algorithm with a Compressive Reflector Antenna

This paper presents a norm-I regularized algorithm, based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), in which the sensing matrix is divided by columns. This technique is based on sectioning the imaging domain into different regions and optimizing them in distributed computational nodes. The information shared among nodes is highly reduced compared to the consensus-based ADMM, when dividing the matrix by rows. The combination of the sectioning-based ADMM with the imaging capabilities of the recently proposed Compressive Reflector Antenna allows a distributed, real-time imaging with fast node communication.
Policy, Practices and Communication Studies. The More Things Change…

Over the next three years I am fortunate enough to be entrusted as a caretaker of Communication Studies, the flagship journal of the Central States Communication Association (CSCA). I want both rea...
Maximum Frequency Design of Symmetric Angle-ply Laminates

This chapter considers the optimal design of classical laminates for maximum fundamental frequency. The constituent laminae are orthotropic and are stacked so that the geometry and material axis orientation are symmetric with respect to the plate’s middle surface. The design variables are the orientations of the constituent laminae. Design derivatives of the fundamental frequency are used to determine conditions both necessary and sufficient to ensure at least a local maximum for the fundamental frequency. Specific results are presented for four- and eight-ply laminates subjected to various combinations of clamped, supported and free edge boundary conditions.
Out of the Lab: Shaping an Ecological and Constructional Cultural Systems Science.

Contemporary societies face critical, interlocking, “wicked” challenges, including economic inequities and marginalization, personal and collective violence, ethnic and religious conflicts, degradation of “the commons,” climate change, and more, and all of these issues clearly are grounded in behavior. An adequate culturo-behavior science could be positioned to advance and leverage research and interventions supporting community well-being, and contribute to overcoming urgent societal and global challenges. The current state of cultural systems science, however, is limited by theory and methodology, and by competition for attention with well-established research and practice opportunities related to individual-level challenges. In this article, the author explores those limitations, and suggests a more expansive perspective drawing on historical and contemporary ecological science and contemporary theories of complex systems. Research guided by established science within those disciplines offers opportunities to move cultural systems science out of the lab, and into a more adequate, environmentally rich stance drawing on ecological strategies, recursively integrating contextual observations, conceptual advances, and in vivo experimentation. Examples of each of those strategies and exploration of developmental programs of research grounded in such integration are explored.
Chapter 3 – Counting Cells

Publisher Summary Cell culture is the technique of growing cell lines or dissociated cells extracted from normal tissues or tumors. The cell count measures the status of the culture at a given time and is essential when sub-culturing or assessing the effects of experimental treatments on cells. Cell culture measurements can be divided into three major categories: visual methods using light microscopy and a hemocytometer; indirect visual methods, which count cell nuclei using light microscopy and a hemocytometer; and electronic systems, which automate the visual method. The most practical method for routine determination of the number of cells that are in suspension or that can be put into suspension is a direct count in a hemocytometer. The hemocytometer is a modified glass slide engraved with two counting chambers of known area. Some adherent cells, such as human diploid cells, are difficult to count directly. In such cases, a procedure can be used to stain and count cell nuclei rather than the cells themselves.
Mask-based immobilization in Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery

Abstract The Gamma Knife Icon (Elekta AB, Stockholm) is a cobalt-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) unit to support the use of a thermoplastic mask in lieu of a rigid frame, using an onboard cone-beam CT (CBCT) and an intrafraction motion management system (IFMM). We retrospectively reviewed 124 patients treated with Gamma Knife SRS from January 2018 to December 2019 at our institution using a mask-based immobilization system. Patient and treatment characteristics were collected and summarized as well as interfraction shifts and treatment-related outcomes. This dataset includes 124 patients with an associated 358 intracranial tumors. Twenty-four patients presented with primary brain tumors, which included 14 meningiomas and 10 other histologies, with 100 patients having brain metastases. Sixty tumors were post-operative, while 298 were intact. The median dose for primary tumors was 25 Gy in 5 fractions. Median doses to metastases were 20 Gy in 1 fraction, 27 Gy in 3 fractions, and 25 Gy in 5 fractions. Median interfraction CBCT shifts were submillimeter. Median patient follow-up was 6.28 months. 91% of patients with metastases maintained local control. Our early clinical experience has demonstrated limited toxicity profiles and high patient tolerance, which suggests that mask-based Gamma Knife SRS provides a safe alternative option for frameless SRS. Patients with large target volumes where fractionation is preferred or with small target volumes in non-eloquent areas can be considered for this approach. Response rates are encouraging, and continued follow-up is necessary to investigate long-term control and survival.
A numerical analysis on microtube hydroforging

High-pressure tube hydroforming is a promising method to deform the tubes in various shapes by bulging the tube by applying high internal pressure. However, the challenges lie in the process itself...
Treatment of Visceral Hemangiomas

A significant percentage of infantile hemangiomas (IH) may develop in extracutaneous areas. It has important prognostic implications. When they are detected, the infant is in need of immediate intervention. Although a wait-and-see approach to uncomplicated visceral IH persists, a more active management is commonly accepted as potentially life-threatening complications can occur.
Literature as visual response and aesthetic experience: an alternative approach

Given the proliferation of theoretical discussions in literary criticism, teachers find it difficult to choose a practical approach that provides students with a meaningful literary experience. To put students back in touch with literature, however, their experience in the learning environment needs to be considered. In the exploration of experience, John Dewey's theory of experience, a literary theory known as reader-response, and Louise Rosenblatt's transactional theory will provide the framework. My thesis is that the literary "transaction" between the reader (student) and the text is limited when the reader uses only verbal symbols to express experience. For some students the transaction may involve other meaningful symbol systems. Arguments that point out tliat an important part of experience includes multiple perceptions of reality can be found in other fields, such as psychology, aesthetics, pedagogy, and mathematics. In addition, my personal responses to literature add support to the legitimacy of multiple perception, particularly, in the area of visual response. The implication of developing this perspective for teachers is that by focusing on the variety of experiences that students meet in living, teachers can help students to become performers in the literary event. Based on the student as performer, an alternative approach may involve a variety of strategies: approaching the literary event as a risktaking activity, encouraging students to express their own emotional and Intellectual engagement through nonverbal symbols, using student/teacher time for conversations about literary experiences, creating an in-class environment that involves students in the conflicts that arise as a result of multiple experiences, and organizing student participation in activities that lead to making an art object. When applying these teaching techniques, testing and evaluation may also reflect the open-ended quality of student performance.
The Counseling Practices and Perceptions of Mental Health Services from 40 local Pastors

72 544x376 Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE The purpose of the current study was to investigate pastors’ perceptions about and practice of mental health services within their churches. Thirty nine pastors completed an online survey. Results of the survey indicated that pastors who had more positive attitudes toward mental health services reported (1) counseling parishioners more times per month and (2) counseling parishioners on a greater variety of topics. Implications for pastoral care and counseling and future directions in training are discussed.
Heat sensitivity and Sp1 activation of complex formation at the Syrian hamster carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)/aspartate carbamoyltransferase/dihydroorotase promoter in vitro.

Abstract To study the regulation of transcription of the carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)/aspartate carbamoyltransferase/dihydroorotase (CAD) gene from the Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, we developed a homologous in vitro transcription system on the basis of nuclear extract from Syrian hamster kidney cells. We optimized the reaction temperature and the concentrations of DNA template, KCl, and MgCl2 simultaneously with the response surface method and found an unusually low temperature optimum of 20 degrees C. We therefore investigated whether CAD transcription in vitro depended on a heat-labile component of nuclear extract. Preincubating extract alone at 30 degrees C reduced transcription from the CAD promoter but not from the major late promoter of adenovirus 2. The formation of stable initiation complexes at the CAD promoter was diminished in heat-treated extract; run-off transcripts, however, accumulated at the same rate as in untreated extract. The heat sensitivity of complex formation correlated with the heat sensitivity of DNA binding by transcription factor Sp1, which binds to two sites in the CAD promoter; moreover, both preformed initiation complexes and DNA-bound Sp1 were heat-resistant. Adding purified Sp1 to heat-treated extract restored complex formation. We propose that Sp1 activates CAD transcription by stabilizing initiation complexes at the CAD promoter.
'WHERE I'M FROM IS A PLACE DIVIDED': NEGOTIATING MULTIPLE SELVES IN ACADEMIA AND BEYOND

0 0 1 103 526 Columbia University 10 3 626 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:JA;} In a social and political context that increasingly privileges standardization and high-stakes accountability as a panacea for equity and equality, the author discusses the benefits and challenges faced by persons of color embracing the complexity engendered by multiple identities and multiple contexts in academia and beyond. Drawing upon her educational experiences as a woman of color in academia, she outlines five themes that may resonate with other academics' journeys, whether they find themselves currently struggling through a doctoral program or trying to figure out how best to mentor their students. The essay highlights the examination of one's own multiple and conflicting identities as crucial to negotiating the demands and unintended consequences of life in academia, particularly for those from non-dominant backgrounds.
Functionalized ultrathin palladium nanosheets as patches for HepG2 cancer cells

Flexible, charged Pd nanosheets were prepared by using short chain thiolated carboxylic acids and amines. They could wrap around amine or hydroxyl functionalized micron-sized spheres driven by electrostatic interactions. Upon incubation with HepG2 cells, the positively charged cysteamine (CA) functionalized Pd nanosheets exhibited a much higher cytotoxicity, showing more than 80% cell death at 100 ppm than the negatively charged 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) functionalized ones which caused 30% cell death. The results show through surface functionalization Pd nanosheets can be modified to interact differently with HepG2 cancerous cells, resulting in varied cytotoxicity.
The 3-D computer

The 3-D Computer is an implementation of a cellular array processor. Two technologies which make possible massive numbers of communication channels both between silicon wafers and through them have been developed. A parallel processor (single-instruction-multiple-data stream cellular array processor) has been designed and built to demonstrate the potential of this technological approach. While the 3-D computer which has been built and operated is a small-scale implementation relative to the long-term aims of this technology, it is nevertheless an extremely powerful computer. The current feasibility demonstration 3-D Computer is a 32*32 array of processors partitioned over five wafers stacked one on top of another. The throughput of this machine is >600 million operations per second with a 10-MHz clock, while the projected throughput of a full-scale machine is >100 billion operations per second, again with a 10-MHz clock. >
Further observations on ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

The effect of hepatic granulomas initiated by eggs ofSchistosoma mansoni on the ultrastructure of hepatocytes of murine hosts was studied. Specimens of infected livers were collected at half week intervals, starting at week 7 postinfection and terminating at week 9 postinfection. Only the hepatocytes adjacent to granulomas showed any alteration in structure. The most obvious change was the proliferation of smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, especially striking in samples collected 8 1/2 and 9 weeks postinfection. The hypothesis was presented that the material secreted by the egg of the organism might be responsible for what appeared to be a morphologic detoxification response by the hepatocytes. Other alterations evident in the hepatocytes were an increase in the lysosomal population, mitochondrial changes and a slight hypertrophy of the Golgi complexes. Previous related studies by other investigators were explored and the findings compared with the results of this study.
Oceanic and atmospheric anomalies of tropical instability waves

Tropical instability waves (TIWs) are detected in remotely-sensed sea surface height (SSH), temperature (SST), and wind records of the eastern equatorial Pacific. Analyses of TIW anomaly relationships reveal strong dynamical influence of TIWs within approximately 5° of the equator. The first influence is advective heat flux. The primary forcing of TIW SST anomalies is advection of the meridional temperature gradient by TIW currents. The second influence is modification of the wind stress and Ekman pumping fields by TIW surface ocean currents. By affecting surface stress and hence roughness, TIW currents in this low-wind region introduce a significant bias in scatterometer vector wind measurement. This bias is evident in both NSCAT and QuikSCAT winds. The difference between wind measurements from TAO moorings and scatterometers is phase-locked with TIW SST oscillations. These results have important implications for scatterometry and for understanding tropical dynamics, thermodynamics and biogeochemistry.