cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anomalies in the Absorption of Radio Waves by Atmospheric Gases

This paper summarizes recent measurements of the attenuation of radio waves by atmospheric gases and compares the measured losses with those predicted by Van Vleck. Reasonably good agreement has been noted between the predicted and measured losses for oxygen, but the measured loss for water vapor is considerably in excess of that predicted. Various factors which may influence this discrepancy are discussed.
EFFECT OF ESTRADIOL AND SOY PHYTOESTROGENS ON CHOLINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE AND NERVE GROWTH FACTOR MRNAS IN THE FRONTAL CORTEX AND HIPPOCAMPUS OF FEMALE RATS

We report here the effects of oral micronized estradiol and soy phytoestrogens on uterine weight, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNAs in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of ovariectomized young and retired breeder rats. Within each age category, 15 bilaterally ovariectomized rats were randomized equally into three groups: control (OVX), estradiol (E2), and soy phytoestrogens (SBE). The OVX rats were fed a casein/lactalbumin-based control diet; the E2 rats were fed with the control diet with added estradiol; and the SBE rats were fed with the control diet with added soy phytoestrogens. After 8 weeks of treatment, blood, uteri, frontal cortex, and hippocampus were collected at necropsy. Results showed that the uterine weights and serum estradiol concentrations were significantly higher in the E2 group compared with those in the OVX and SBE groups. In the hippocampus of young rats, E2 treatment resulted in significantly higher NGF mRNA levels than no treatment (OVX), and NGF mRNA levels in the SBE group were intermediate between the E2 and OVX groups. ChAT mRNA levels were significantly higher in the frontal cortex of E2 and SBE-treated retired breeder rats compared to OVX retired breeder rats. There were no differences among treatment groups for ChAT mRNA levels in the frontal cortex of young rats and in the hippocampus of both young and retired breeder rats. Our data suggest that soy phytoestrogens may function as estrogen agonists in regulating ChAT and NGF mRNAs in the brain of female rats.
Biodegradation of atrazine and related s -triazine compounds: from enzymes to field studies

s-Triazine ring compounds are common industrial chemicals: pesticides, resin intermediates, dyes, and explosives. The fate of these compounds in the environment is directly correlated with the ability of microbes to metabolize them. Microbes metabolize melamine and the triazine herbicides such as atrazine via enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis reactions. Hydrolytic removal of substituents on the s-triazine ring is catalyzed by enzymes from the amidohydrolase superfamily and yields cyanuric acid as an intermediate. Cyanuric acid is hydrolytically processed to yield 3 mol each of ammonia and carbon dioxide. In those cases studied, the genes underlying the hydrolytic reactions are localized to large catabolic plasmids. One such plasmid, pADP-1 from Pseudomonas sp. ADP, has been completely sequenced and contains the genes for atrazine catabolism. Insertion sequence elements play a role in constructing different atrazine catabolic plasmids in different bacteria. Atrazine chlorohydrolase has been purified to homogeneity from two sources. Recombinant Escherichia coli strains expressing atrazine chlorohydrolase have been constructed and chemically cross-linked to generate catalytic particles used for atrazine remediation in soil. The method was used for cleaning up a spill of 1,000 pounds of atrazine to attain a level of herbicide acceptable to regulatory agencies.
Using Social Marketing to Understand the Family Dinner with Working Mothers.

The family dinner is a valued tradition that affords opportunities for social interaction and attachment, as well as sharing events of the day, role modeling, connectedness, and problem solving. Guided by the social-marketing framework, this study explored factors associated with the frequency of the family dinner among working mothers with children ages 8-11 years. A qualitative design was used, employing focus groups and Atlas-ti software for thematic analysis. Lack of time, cost, and exhaustion/lack of energy emerged as barriers. Working mothers indicated that a youth-based organization operating as a community partner could increase the frequency of the family dinner by helping with homework completion during after-school care, thereby providing mothers with the time necessary to prepare dinner. This research identified both community partners and working mothers as valued resources for prevention strategies. Interventions developed to increase family dinner frequency should emphasize the perceived value while decreasing the costs/barriers.
VIRTUE AND NATURE

The Neo-Aristotelian ethical naturalism of Philippa Foot and Rosalind Hursthouse purports to establish a naturalistic criterion for the virtues. Specifically, by developing a parallel between the natural ends of nonhuman animals and the natural ends of human beings, they argue that character traits are justified as virtues by the extent to which they promote and do not inhibit natural ends such as self-preservation, reproduction, and the well-being of one’s social group. I argue that the approach of Foot and Hursthouse cannot provide a basis for moral universalism, the widely-accepted idea that each human being has moral worth and thus deserves significant moral consideration. Foot and Hursthouse both depict a virtuous agent as implicitly acting in accord with moral universalism. However, with respect to charity, a virtue they both emphasize, their naturalistic criterion (especially in the more elaborate form developed by Hursthouse) at best provides a warrant for a restricted form of charity that extends only to a limited number of persons. There is nothing in the natural ends of human beings, as Foot and Hursthouse understand these, that gives us a reason for having any concern for the well-being of human beings as such.
The Golgi Protein GM130 Regulates Centrosome Morphology and Function

The Golgi apparatus (GA) of mammalian cells is positioned in the vicinity of the centrosome, the major microtubule organizing center of the cell. The significance of this physical proximity for org...
Better Storytelling in the Nonfiction World of Legal Writing (Book Review)

A review of Jack Hart, Story Craft: The Complete Guide to Writing Narrative Nonfiction (U. Chi. Press 2011), 280 pages.
Case Managed Residential Care for Homeless Addicted Veterans Results of a True Experiment

Objectives The effectiveness of case-managed residential care (CMRC) in reducing substance abuse, increasing employment, decreasing homelessness, and improving health was examined. Methods A five-year prospective experiment included 358 homeless addicted male veterans 3, 6, and 9 months during their enrollment and at 12, 18, and 24 months after the completion of the experimental case-managed residential care program. The customary control condition was a 21-day hospital program with referral to community services. Results The experimental group averaged 3.4 months in transitional residential care with ongoing and follow-up case management for a total of up to 1 year of treatment. The experimental group showed significant improvement compared with the control group on the Medical, Alcohol, Employment, and Housing measures during the 2-year period. An examination of the time trends indicated that these group differences tended to occur during the treatment year, however, and to diminish during the follow-up year. Conclusions Within groups, significant improvements were observed with time from baseline to all posttests on the four major outcomes. We learned, however, that veterans had access to and used significant amounts of services even without the special case-managed residential care program. This partially may account for improvements in the control group and may have muted the differences between groups.
Redeployed functions versus spreading activation: A potential confound

Anderson's meta-analysis of fMRI data is subject to a potential confound. Areas identified as active may make no functional contribution to the task being studied, or may indicate regions involved in the coordination of functional networks rather than information processing per se. I suggest a way in which fMRI adaptation studies might provide a useful test between these alternatives.
Bilateral INO: Unusual patterns of saccadic intrusions

The signals for adduction during conjugate horizontal eye movements are carried through the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). Lesions in this pathway cause internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO), characterized by impaired ipsilesional adduction, often with nystagmus of the contralateral abducting eye. Usually with INO straight-ahead fixation appears steady. Here we demonstrate quantitative recordings and videos of 2 unusual patterns of saccadic intrusions in a patient with bilateral INO and discuss a plausible mechanism.
The aging ear.

As people grow old, they sometimes hear pure tones poorly and understand spoken words with difficulty. Usually atrophy of the organ of Corti and spiral ganglion causes this hearing defect, and an amplifying instrument and slow, clear speech are needed to help the patient. But if conductive hearing loss plays a role, specific treatment often dramatically improves hearing.
Solving Probabilistic Discrete Event Systems with Moore–Penrose Generalized Inverse Matrix Method to Extract Longitudinal Characteristics from Cross-Sectional Survey Data

A novel probabilistic discrete event systems (PDES) model was established by the research group of Chen and Lin to quantify smoking behavior progression across multiple stages with cross-sectional survey data. Despite the success of the research, this PDES model requires extra some exogenous equations to be obtained and solved. However, exogenous equations are often difficult if not impossible to obtain. Even if additional exogenous equations are obtained, data used to generate such equations are often error-prone. We have found that Moore–Penrose (M–P) generalized inverse matrix theory can provide a powerful approach to solve an admissible linear-equation system when the inverse of the coefficient matrix does not exist. In this chapter, we report our work to systemize the PDES modeling in characterizing health risk behaviors with multiple progression stages. By applying the M–P theory, our research demonstrates that the PDES model can be solved without additional exogenous equations. Furthermore, the estimated results with this new approach are scientifically stronger than the original method. For practical application, we demonstrate the M–P Approach using the open-source R software with real data from 2000 National Survey of Drug Use and Health. The removal of the need of extra data enhances the feasibility of this novel and powerful PDES method in investigating human behaviors, particularly, health related behaviors for disease prevention and health promotion.
Flipped Classroom Activities in Introductory Chemistry and Biochemistry Courses for Nursing and Nutrition Majors

There is a growing trend in the university classroom to invert the common teaching pedagogy. Instead of lecturing during class time and assigning homework to be completed outside of the classroom, ...
Novel Azido-Iodo Photoaffinity Ligands for the Human Serotonin Transporter Based on the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (S)-Citalopram.

Three photoaffinity ligands (PALs) for the human serotonin transporter (hSERT) were synthesized based on the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), (S)-citalopram (1). The classic 4-azido-3-iodo-phenyl group was appended to either the C-1 or C-5 position of the parent molecule, with variable-length linkers, to generate ligands 15, 22, and 26. These ligands retained high to moderate affinity binding (Ki = 24–227 nM) for hSERT, as assessed by [3H]5-HT transport inhibition. When tested against Ser438Thr hSERT, all three PALs showed dramatic rightward shifts in inhibitory potency, with Ki values ranging from 3.8 to 9.9 μM, consistent with the role of Ser438 as a key residue for high-affinity binding of many SSRIs, including (S)-citalopram. Photoactivation studies demonstrated irreversible adduction to hSERT by all ligands, but the reduced (S)-citalopram inhibition of labeling by [125I]15 compared to that by [125I]22 and [125I]26 suggests differences in binding mode(s). These radioligands will be usefu...
Understanding and controlling cost in total joint arthroplasty

Total joint arthrosplasty (TJA) is both a commonly performed successful intervention and an expensive procedure.As our population ages, the expense of these interventions is expected to grow and hence its impact on healthcare costs will also grow. To ensure that TJA is available to all those who would benefit, it is incumbent that healthcare providers control the cost of these procedures. As orthopaedic surgeons, we must be at the forefront of this effort. The purpose of this review is to outline strategies to control or even decrease TJA cost without negatively affecting outcomes.This concept is at the center of value-based medicine and must guide our decision-making processes.
Gray Scale Ultrasound in Pediatric Urology

AbstractDespite the limitations of initial instrumentation 2-dimensional imaging with ultrasound has become an important diagnostic modality in pediatric urology. A significant experience in evaluating urological abnormalities in children with newer ultrasound equipment is reviewed. Important aspects of instrumentation, technique, anatomy and differential diagnosis are discussed.
Improved tests for homogeneity of variances

ABSTRACTEquality of variances is one of the key assumptions of analysis of variances (ANOVA). There are several testing procedures available to validate this assumption, but it is rare to find a test procedure which controls the type I error rate while providing high statistical power. In this article, we introduce a bootstrap test based on the ratio of mean absolute deviances (RMD). We also propose a two-stage testing procedure where we first quantify the skewness of the distributions and then choose an appropriate test for homogeneity of variances. The performances of these test procedures are studied via a simulation study.
Vapor phase organic chemistry to deposit conjugated polymer films on arbitrary substrates

Coating textured, high surface area substrates, such as paper and textiles, with conjugated polymer films is challenging. Selected vapor deposition techniques allow for the film forming process to be largely divorced of substrate properties, such as surface energy and surface roughness, and have the potential to yield conformal coatings. However, reliable vapor deposition techniques with which to fabricate structurally-diverse conjugated polymer films do not exist. Here, we report two vapor deposition chambers that, combined, allow for in situ vapor phase polymerization of a representative selection of common conjugated monomers. Conformal coating of highly disordered, high surface area three-dimensional substrates, including a cotton towel and corduroy fabric, with either conductive PEDOT or poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) films of precisely-controlled thickness is described.
Comparison of subcutaneous dexmedetomidine–midazolam versus alfaxalone–midazolam sedation in leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius)

Abstract Objective To compare dexmedetomidine–midazolam with alfaxalone–midazolam for sedation in leopard geckos ( Eublepharis macularius ). Study design Prospective, randomized, blinded, complete crossover study. Animals Nine healthy adult leopard geckos. Methods Geckos were administered a combination of dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg kg −1 ) and midazolam (1.0 mg kg −1 ; treatment D–M) or alfaxalone (15 mg kg −1 ) and midazolam (1.0 mg kg −1 ; treatment A–M) subcutaneously craniodorsal to a thoracic limb. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate ( f R ), righting reflex, palpebral reflex, superficial and deep pain reflexes, jaw tone and escape response were assessed every 5 minutes until reversal. Conditions for intubation and response to needle prick were evaluated. Antagonist drugs [flumazenil (0.05 mg kg −1 ) ± atipamezole (1.0 mg kg −1 )] were administered subcutaneously, craniodorsal to the contralateral thoracic limb, 45 minutes after initial injection, and animals were monitored until recovery. Results HR, but not f R , decreased significantly over time in both treatments. HR was significantly lower than baseline at all time points in D–M and for all but the 5 and 10 minute time points in A–M. HR was significantly higher in A–M at all time points after drug administration when compared with D–M. Sedation scores between protocols were similar for most time points. All animals in A–M lost righting reflex compared with seven out of nine (78%) geckos in D–M. Geckos in A–M lost righting reflex for significantly longer time. Mean ± standard deviation time to recovery after antagonist administration was 6.1 ± 2.2 minutes for D–M and 56 ± 29 minutes for A–M, and these times were significantly different. Conclusions and clinical relevance Combination D–M or A–M provided sedation of a level expected to allow physical examinations and venipuncture in leopard geckos. A–M provided a faster onset of sedation compared with D–M. Recovery was significantly faster following antagonist reversal of D–M, compared with A–M.
Chapter 3 Instrumental methods of infrared and Raman vibrational optical activity

Abstract We present the basic concepts and methods for the measurement of infrared and Raman vibrational optical activity (VOA). These two forms of VOA are referred to as infrared vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and Raman optical activity (ROA), respectively The principal aim of the article is to provide detailed descriptions of the instrumentation and measurement methods associated with VCD and ROA in general, and Fourier transform VCD and multichannel CCD ROA, in particular. Although VCD and ROA are closely related spectroscopic techniques, the instrumentation and measurement techniques differ markedly. These two forms of VOA will be compared and the reasons behinds their differences, now and in the future, will be explored.
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP): Highlights of the Report of the Expert Panel on Blood Cholesterol Levels in Children and Adolescents

Compelling evidence exists that the atherosclerotic process begins in childhood and progresses slowly into adulthood, at which time it leads frequently to coronary heart disease (CHD), the major cause of death in the United States. Despite substantial success in reducing CHD mortality in the past two decades, the disease is still responsible for more than 500 000 deaths annually. About 20% of hospital discharges for acute CHD are for premature disease, ie, in patients younger than 55 years of age. Many of these adults have children who may have CHD risk factors that need attention. Estimates of the annual cost of CHD range from $41.5 to $56 billion. The Report of the Expert Panel on Blood Cholesterol Levels in Children and Adolescents (which appears as a supplement to this issue of the journal) reviews the evidence that atherosclerosis or its precursors begin in young people; that elevated cholesterol levels early in life play a role in the development of adult atherosclerosis; that eating patterns and genetics affect blood cholesterol levels and CHD risk; and that lowering levels in children and adolescents will be beneficial. Cholesterol is the focus of the report, but other risk factors for atherosclerosis and CHD may originate early in life and should be addressed as well. Specifically, cigarette smoking should be discouraged; hypertension should be identified and treated; obesity should be avoided or reduced; regular aerobic exercise should be encouraged; and diabetes mellitus should be diagnosed and treated. SIGNIFICANCE OF BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE
Problem Solving and Modeling in the First Two Years

Mathematical education is currently confronted with a variety of substantial problems. This paper discusses three of these problems which are related to the role of finite mathematics and its appropriate place in the undergraduate curriculum. First, there is the pressing problem of how to incorporate important new mathematical subjects and discoveries into an already crowded curriculum, including discrete topics at the elementary level. Second, there is the recently emerging problem that the mathematical community, except for computer science, is very rapidly losing its base of talented young people. Third, there is the question of how to design courses which give due attention to the revolution and needs in discrete mathematics and are worthy enough to compete with traditional calculus courses. It is important in addressing this first problem of the “curriculum crunch” to not overlook the second problem of “diminishing base” which could be devastating to the health of the general mathematical sciences if allowed to continue for long. It is also not clear to many that we have yet come up with the appropriate finite mathematics courses to take a major slot in the freshman-sophomore years of college.
Theoretically-Consistent Cognitive Ability Test Development and Score Interpretation

Clinical cognitive ability assessment—and its corollary, score interpretation—are in a state of disarray. Many current instruments are designed to provide a bevy of scores to appeal to a variety of school psychologists. These scores are not all grounded in the attribute’s theory or developed from sound measurement or psychometric theory. Thus, for a given instrument, there can be substantial variation between school psychologists when interpreting scores from the same instrument. This is contrary to the very purpose of psychological assessment. As a contrast, we provide a sketch of theoretically driven test development and score interpretation. In addition, we provide examples of how this could be implemented using two theories of intelligence (Spearman’s two-factor and Cattell and Horn’s Gf-Gc) and measurement theory about the nature of psychological test scores. While different from what is often implemented by school psychologists, it is consistent with the guiding principles of evidence-based psychological assessment.
Reference Values for Assessing Localized Hand Lymphedema Using Interhand Tissue Dielectric Constant Ratios

Abstract Background: Early detection and tracking of breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema have been helped by quantitative assessment methods and parameters, including bioelectrical impedance...
Applications of Acoustic Emission Techniques to Rock and Rock Structures: A State-of-the-Art Review

This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the subject of acoustic emission as it pertains to the area of rock mechanics, and includes references to some 150 recent papers. Although a limited discussion of laboratory oriented studies are included, the major thrust of the paper is to field applications in geotechnical engineering. The paper first discusses the general concepts involved in the acoustic emission technique and briefly reviews the early history of the subject. This is followed by a general discussion of techniques currently in use for monitoring and analysis of acoustic emission data, and a description of a number of recent and on-going field studies where acoustic emission techniques are being employed in the general area of geotechnical engineering. Finally, the paper considers the various limitations of the technique as well as areas where further research and development are considered necessary.
Life Satisfaction: Can We Produce It?

What do social survey data tell us about the determinants of life satisfaction? First, that the psychologists’ setpoint model is questionable. Life events in the nonpecuniary domain, such as marriage, divorce, and serious disability, have a lasting effect on life satisfaction, and do not simply deflect the average person temporarily above or below a setpoint given by genetics and personality. Second, the assumption by economists that in the pecuniary domain “more is better”, is problematic. An increase in income, and thus in the goods at one’s disposal, does not bring with it a lasting increase in life satisfaction because of the negative effects of adaptation and social comparison on feelings of well-being.
The History of Science and the Science of History: Critique of Apriorism

In emphasizing the role of reasoning in scientific rationality in the last chapter, our discussion was carried out in a context where the reasoning was taking the form of reason as opposed to unreason and was being distinguished (but not opposed to or separated from) method and rhetoric, as other elements of scientific rationality. The first danger that such emphasis carries is that of being misinterpreted as advocacy of a priori rationalism, so the most urgent thing to do now is to distinguish reasoning from rationalism. In accordance with our concrete approach, this distinction will be elaborated not by an abstract general definition of these two concepts, but by reference to views which advocate apriorist rationalism while confusing the two concepts, and to evidence materials which illustrate reasoning but not apriorism. The materials are certain arguments in Galileo’s, the views are those of Alexandre Koyre.
The Hypertext Markup Language

Quite simply, the HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a small collection of document markup tags which can be used to define hypertext documents which are portable from one computing platform to another. HTML contains elements which are characteristic of descriptive and referential markup. The portability of HTML marked-up documents permits their independent use by World Wide Web (WWW) browsers.
Wound Diseases—Discoloration and Decay in Living Trees

Publisher Summary A wound is a break in the bark where the wood underneath is exposed. Wound is the first step in a complex series of events that leads to the discoloration and decay of wood in living trees. The type and severity of the wound and the wound response of the host are the indicators of the potential amount of discoloration and decay that will occur in a tree. This chapter discusses the various types of wounds that occur in shade trees and describes the means to treat wounds to minimize discoloration and decay. The examination of wounds as the predictors of defect has proven to be an accurate and easy procedure. Shade trees are constantly being wounded because of their proximity to the activities of people. Some common sources of wounding are automobiles, bicycles, birds, cats, dogs, fire, lawnmowers, people, and snowplows. The chapter discusses the microbial successions after wounding; many species of fungi and bacteria grow on wounded tissues.
The Intravenous Drug User with a Big Heart

Infective endocarditis is a severe and now more frequently encountered condition given the rise of intravenous (IV) drug use. An IV drug user presented with septic shock and bacterial endocarditis. Upon imaging, a fistulous tract was discovered, communicating from the annulus of the infected mitral valve to a large left ventricular pseudoaneurysm (PA). Presence of valvular vegetation, heart failure, and PA are all independent factors of increased mortality rates. The sheer size of the PA placed this patient at a very high surgical risk, and she was deemed inoperable. She was discharged when stabilized on supportive medical therapy. However, she returned six weeks later in cardiogenic shock with multi-organ failure. Repeat imaging revealed that the PA had significantly increased in size. Despite optimal medical management, the patient’s condition deteriorated, and she, unfortunately, succumbed to her illness.
Biological and mineralogical controls over cycling of low molecular weight organic compounds along a soil chronosequence

Abstract Low molecular weight organic compounds (LMWOC) represent a small but critical component of soil organic matter (SOM) for microbial growth and metabolism. The fate of these compounds is largely under microbial control, yet outside the cell, intrinsic soil properties can also significantly influence their turnover and retention. Using a chronosequence representing 1200 ka of pedogenic development, we compared physicochemical vs biological controls on the turnover and retention of fast-cycling carbon (C), e.g. glucose (GLU) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA). Along the chronosequence, we observed mineralogical gradients whereby amorphous constituents were greatest in intermediate-aged sites, while older sites demonstrated soils with more ordered and less reactive mineralogy. Soil microbial community composition varied along the soil chronosequence and we observed reductions in total biomass and fungal biomass from younger to older sites, but this did not affect the turnover of LMWOC. Microbial utilization of LMWOC was substrate- and soil-dependent; amorphous Fe and Al oxides reduced the respiration of PHBA but respiration from glucose remained less affected. Variation in soil mineralogy did not significantly alter recovery of PHBA within microbial biomass or fungal vs. bacterial biomarkers, suggesting that reduced respiration of the phenolic resulted from direct mineral interaction with ionizable functional groups rather than changes to microbial allocation of PHBA. We conclude patterns of soil carbon storage observed across chronosequences are moderated by mineralogical effects on microbial access to LMWOC, independent of variation in microbial community composition.
The impact of ride hailing on parking (and vice versa)

Investigating emerging transportation services is critical to forecasting mode choice and providing appropriate infrastructure. One such infrastructure is parking, as parking demand may shift with the availability of ride-hailing services. This study uses ethnographic methods—complemented with passenger surveys collected when driving for Uber and Lyft in the Denver, Colorado, region—to gather quantitative and qualitative data on ride-hailing and analyze the impacts of ride-hailing on parking, including changes in parking demand and parking as a reason to deter driving. The study also examines relationships between parking time and cost. This includes building a classification tree-based model to predict the replaced driving trips as a function of car ownership, destination land type, parking stress, and demographics. The results suggest that: i) ride-hailing is replacing driving trips and could reduce parking demand, particularly at land uses such as airports, event venues, restaurants, and bars; ii) parking stress is a key reason respondents chose not to drive; and iii) respondents are generally willing to pay more for reduced parking time and distance. Conversely, parking supply, time, and cost can all influence travel behavior and ride-hailing use. This study provides insight into potential benefits and disadvantages of ride-hailing as related to parking.
Distinguishing massive pulmonary embolism from physiologic perfusion pattern in Fontan circulation

1029 Learning Objectives 1. Understand how the surgical repair of tricuspid atresia affects the perfusion pattern observed on Tc-99m MAA or intravenous contrast studies. 2. Learn a differential diagnosis for false-positive VQ scans including Fontan circulation. 3. Learn why patients with Fontan circulation are at risk for thromboembolic events. 4. Know how to decrease the possibility of a false-positive VQ scan in patients with Fontan circulation. A 21 year-old female with a history of surgery for congenital heart disease presented with chest pain and dyspnea. CT pulmonary angiography was performed, but did not exclude pulmonary embolism. A ventilation/perfusion (VQ) lung scan was then performed and showed normal lung ventilation. However, the lung perfusion images revealed absence of perfusion to the left lung. This mismatched VQ pattern can be seen with pulmonary embolism. However, given the patient’s cardiac surgical history, the perfusion part of the VQ scan was repeated using a pedal injection to differentiate between thromboembolism and physiologic Fontan circulation. The pedal injection lung perfusion scan revealed normal left lung perfusion. Because venous return to the lungs occurs passively in Fontan circulation, patients with this condition are at risk for thromboembolic events, which may be unilateral. Fontan circulation can mimic pulmonary embolism on perfusion lung imaging; a pedal injection can avoid a false-positive study
Perspectives on Working with Visually Impaired Persons Worldwide: Looking Forward.

Based on visits and teaching experiences in more than 15 different countries around the world, the differences in philosophies in education, changing attitudes in regard to persons with visual impa...
Optimizing value in head and neck cancer free flap surgery.

Purpose of review Value has become an increasingly important topic in healthcare delivery as our systems attempt to deliver increased value to patients at lower costs. This review highlights research performed regarding value for head and neck cancer reconstruction in three evolving areas: care pathway development, virtual surgical planning (VSP), and free flap versus locoregional flap reconstruction. Recent findings Improvements in quality-driven patient care in head and neck free tissue transfer are possible in a number of areas. Care pathways and appropriate management of patients prone to comorbidities decrease hospital length of stay and readmission rates. Further, high-cost hospital stays partially driven by ICU admissions may be reduced by step-down units. Intraoperatively, VSP may reduce operative time in difficult cases and careful selection of free versus locoregional flap reconstruction may decrease cost, operative time, and complications after surgery. Summary Head and neck reconstruction is a costly endeavor both for the patient and the healthcare system. Careful consideration of practices which may improve outcomes for patients while maximizing efficiency is necessary in our changing healthcare landscape, and providers should identify areas for improvement in their own practices. Further study within the field of head and neck oncology that are specific and data-driven are necessary.
1,4-Benzoquinone as a Highly Efficient Dopant for Enhanced Ionization and Detection of Nitramine Explosives on a Single-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer Fitted with a Helium-Plasma Ionization (HePI) Source

Previous investigations have evaluated the efficacy of anions such as NO3−, Cl−, Br−, CH3COO−, and CF3COO− as additives to generate or enhance mass spectrometric signals from explosives under plasma ionization conditions. The results of this study demonstrate that for detecting nitramine-class explosives, such as 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane (HMX), 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) is a highly effective and efficient dopant. When used in conjunction with ambient-pressure negative-ion helium-plasma ionization (HePI), 1,4-benzoquinone readily captures an electron, forming an abundant molecular anion (m/z 108), which upon exposure to vapors of RDX and HMX generates adduct ions of m/z 330 and 404, respectively. The signal level recorded for RDX upon adduction to the radical anion of 1,4-benzoquinone under our experimental conditions was significantly higher than that realized by chloride adduction using dichloromethane (DCM) as the dopant.
Assessing the Quality and Prestige of Disciplinary Social Work Journals: A National Study of Faculty Perceptions:

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to (1) evaluate the overall quality and prestige of all currently active disciplinary social work periodicals and (2) determine whether perceptions of quality ...
Beyond wrestling: using sumobots to engage students in the computer science classroom

The United States Department of Labor predicts that between 2008 and 2018, 1.4 million computing jobs will become available in the United States [9]. It is imperative that colleges produce more students studying Computer Science if we are to fill those jobs. This concern has caused many universities to seek innovative teaching methods. The computer science discipline teaches students design, logical reasoning, and problem solving. Previous research shows that the creative aspects of Computer Science can help gain interest in the major, especially among women. Robotics is a growing research area in Computer Science Education. Educational robots were introduced in the computer curriculum at Winston-Salem State University based on the constructivist pedagogical approach. Robots are being used in the computer science classroom to both teach hardware and software concepts and to motivate students. Introducing the sumobots in the curriculum has taken away some of the fear of programming moans and groans of students entering the Introduction to Computer Software Systems Course at Winston-Salem State University. This paper discusses how the Computer Science Department at Winston-Salem State University uses robotics as a teaching tool to captivate and engage students in an introduction to computer software systems course.
Differential Evolution for the Optimization of DMSO-Free Cryoprotectants: Influence of Control Parameters.

This study presents the influence of control parameters including population (NP) size, mutation factor (F), crossover (Cr), and four types of differential evolution (DE) algorithms including random, best, local-to-best, and local-to-best with self-adaptive (SA) modification for the purpose of optimizing the compositions of dimethylsufloxide (DMSO)-free cryoprotectants. Post-thaw recovery of Jurkat cells cryopreserved with two DMSO-free cryoprotectants at a cooling rate of 1 °C/min displayed a nonlinear, four-dimensional structure with multiple saddle nodes, which was a suitable training model to tune the control parameters and select the most appropriate type of differential evolution algorithm. Self-adaptive modification presented better performance in terms of optimization accuracy and sensitivity of mutation factor and crossover among the four different types of algorithms tested. Specifically, the classical type of differential evolution algorithm exhibited a wide acceptance to mutation factor and crossover. The optimization performance is more sensitive to mutation than crossover and the optimization accuracy is proportional to the population size. Increasing population size also reduces the sensitivity of the algorithm to the value of the mutation factor and crossover. The analysis of optimization accuracy and convergence speed suggests larger population size with F > 0.7 and Cr > 0.3 are well suited for use with cryopreservation optimization purposes. The tuned differential evolution algorithm is validated through finding global maximums of other two DMSO-free cryoprotectant formulation datasets. The results of these studies can be used to help more efficiently determine the optimal composition of multicomponent DMSO-free cryoprotectants in the future.
Abstract WP282: Use of Emergent Ambulance Transport With Lights and Siren Leads to Significant Time Savings for Inter-Facility Transfers of Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion

Introduction: When emergency medical services (EMS) responds to a field call for a patient experiencing stroke symptoms, the response is emergent, necessitating the use of lights and siren (L&S) to...
Simultaneous Treatment of Petroclival Meningiomas and the Trigeminal Nerve with Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Tumor-Related Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Background Some petroclival meningiomas cause trigeminal nerve compression, leading to disabling trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Tumor resection and nerve decompression can offer pain relief but might not be feasible in all patients. Simultaneous stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to the tumor and nerve is another option. SRS is an effective means of treating meningiomas and TN separately, but data on the efficacy and outcomes of their concomitant treatment are limited. Case Description We report a series of 4 patients who presented with TN secondary to a petroclival mass causing compression of the trigeminal nerve. All patients underwent SRS to both the petroclival mass and trigeminal nerve in a single session. The average margin tumor dose was 12.25 Gy (range, 12–12.5 Gy), and the average maximum trigeminal nerve dose was 80 Gy (range, 75–85 Gy). In all patients, before intervention, the Barrow Neurologic Institute (BNI) pain intensity score was grade IV or V. At last follow-up (average, 29.8 months), all patients were pain-free (BNI I or IIIA). Two patients experienced reduced facial sensation in 1 or all 3 distributions. No brainstem edema was seen. Conclusions This series highlights the benefits and safety of simultaneous treatment of petroclival tumors and the trigeminal nerve in a single session for patients affected by tumor-related TN.
Life cycle assessment of the U.S. beef processing through integrated hybrid approach

Abstract Hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA) incorporating process-based and economic input-output (EIO)-based inventory data has been applied in various industries (e.g., wind energy, biofuel). Few hybrid LCA studies have been found in the food industry. This work analyzes the life cycle environmental impacts of the U.S. beef processing industry using process-based and integrated hybrid LCA. The process-based inventory includes all resource inputs and waste outputs associated with beef processing plant. The EIO-based inventory includes key activities missing in the process-based inventory, such as technical and management service, wood and paper, and industrial equipment. Ten environmental impact categories from TRACI v2.1 and one aggregated environmental single score are considered. The results show that environmental impact from EIO-based inventory contributes a meaningful fraction of the impact for ozone depletion (67%), respiratory effects (42%), fossil fuel depletion (38%), and smog (28%) (as opposed to process-based inventory). These results emphasize the relative potential for the U.S. beef processing industry of greening the supply chain (e.g., technical and management services, industrial equipment) to reduce environmental impacts. Furthermore, we perform uncertainty and global sensitivity analysis for key parameters of all environmental categories. The uncertainty analysis showed that the environmental impacts contributed by EIO system can range from 7% to 15% under Monte Carlo simulations (10,000 runs) when representing the impacts using an aggregated environmental single score. The global sensitivity analysis using Sobol method for all environmental categories shows that the electricity, natural gas, and wastewater treatment from process system and beef price from EIO system are the four most sensitive parameters to all ten TRACI environmental categories and the environmental single score.
Two-fluid and kinetic transport physics of Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities in nonuniform low-beta plasmas

Hall-magnetohydrodynamic (Hall-MHD) theory, two-fluid simulations, and kinetic simulations are used to investigate the cross-field transport properties of Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities in nonuniform low-beta collisionless plasmas. Hall-MHD analysis shows how the linear properties of the instability are modified by density gradients and magnetization. High-order accurate two-fluid and kinetic simulations, with complete dynamics of finite-mass electrons and ions, are applied to a suite of parameter cases to systematically assess the effects of diamagnetic drift, magnetization, charge separation, and finite Larmor motion. Initialization of exact two-species kinetic equilibria facilitates the study of isolated physical effects and enables detailed cross-comparisons between two-fluid and kinetic simulations, including for cases where ion gyroradii are comparable to gradient scale lengths. For nonuniform plasmas with significant space charge, the results of two-fluid and kinetic simulations are found to disagree with Hall-MHD predictions. Kelvin–Helmholtz instability growth rates, per unit shear, are shown to be smaller when ion diamagnetic drift and E × B drift are parallel and larger when the two drifts are antiparallel. The effect is attributed to polarization drift in the shear layer, which leads to redistribution of charge, alters the electric field that drives plasma advection, and consequently modifies growth rates. Instability-induced mass transport for different parameters is characterized in terms of the flux across the shear layer and a simplified diffusion model. Distribution functions from kinetic simulations are shown to deviate substantially from Maxwellian reconstructions, indicating the importance of kinetic physics during the nonlinear phase of the instability.
SARS-CoV-2 paediatric inflammatory syndrome.

The novel post SARS-COV2 Paediatric Inflammatory Syndrome, first recognised in April 2020, took worldwide clinicians by surprise. There rapidly followed a plethora of case definitions, nomenclatures, descriptive papers, and guidelines on treatment. There has been controversy around this condition. Is it really new? Is it an atypical form of a known disease? How should we communicate and report such cases? What is the pathogenesis? Which treatments are given, and which are effective? What are the short and long-term outcomes? We are all learning fast. The clinical and immunological patterns seen are unique. There are significant differences in both presentation and pathogenesis to any known condition, including Kawasaki's disease. This implies that treatments are not necessarily transferrable: and indeed it is unknown which treatments are effective at all. Outcomes, as far as are known, are good, but long term data is lacking. The international cooperation has been an example of how today's connected medicine can be a force for good, however calm assessment of evidence remains necessary to ensure the best outcomes for our patients. This short article identifies what we have learnt from the first surge of COVID-19 cases about paediatric inflammatory syndrome and how it affects children.
Women’s ‘exchange’ in Western and Amerindian societies: a feminist critique of perspectival anthropology:

Over the last two decades, Eduardo Viveiros de Castro has developed the concept of ‘perspectival anthropology’ to think philosophically with and through Amerindian cosmology. In this article, I arg...
“I’m Neither a Slut, Nor Am I Gonna Be Shamed”: Sexual Violence, Feminist Anger, and Teen TV’s New Heroine:

This article interrogates the representation of feminism and feminists in contemporary US teen drama series. Focusing on Riverdale, Chilling Adventures of Sabrina, and Charmed, I explore the racial...
Abortion Politics Without Borders: The Implementation and Practice of Post-Abortion Care in Senegal

This paper examines how post-abortion care (PAC), a global health intervention, moves people, technology and politics around abortion in Senegal. Although induced abortion is illegal, the government introduced PAC in the late 1990s to train providers to treat abortion complications to reduce mortality. PAC transformed abortion into an object of medical rather than moral action by emphasizing the imperative of treatment irrespective of the origins of the abortion. Through its transnational network of actors, PAC leveraged significant resources towards abortion care, including research, training and the circulation of abortion technology in a context where abortion remains highly criminalized. I study PAC as a site of interface between local and global abortion politics and expertise through a multi-sited, institutional ethnography of the Senegalese national PAC program. Disputes over the meaning of abortion as well as ethical obligations of medical providers to abortion patients in this context overlap with American abortion politics attached to the flow of PAC resources into Senegal. Mapping these intersecting politics onto the landscape of PAC practices and policies is key to understanding gaps between the Senegalese and global PAC models as well as interrogating the very logic of implementing this model in settings where abortion is illegal.