cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decimated input ensembles for improved generalization

Using an ensemble of classifiers instead of a single classifier has been demonstrated to improve generalization performance in many difficult problems. However, for this improvement to take place it is necessary to make the classifiers in an ensemble more complementary. In this paper, we highlight the need to reduce the correlation among the component classifiers and investigate one method for correlation reduction: input decimation. We elaborate on input decimation, a method that uses the discriminating features of the inputs to decouple classifiers. By presenting different parts of the feature set to each individual classifier, input decimation generates a diverse pool of classifiers. Experimental results confirm that input decimation combination improves the generalization performance.
Consumption and Income Poverty for Those 65 and Older

This paper examines income and consumption based measures of poverty for those 65 and over between 1972 and 2004. This study contributes to the existing literature on poverty in several ways. First, we construct consumption based measures of poverty that improve upon measures used in previous studies. In particular, we develop better measures of consumption of durables including vehicles and housing and we incorporate the value of health insurance into our measure of consumption. Second, we provide estimates of consumption based poverty for those 65 and over using the most recent data through 2004. Third, we examine the effect on poverty trends of alternative price indices, equivalence scales, and resource sharing units (the family or household). Fourth, in addition to poverty rates, which focus on the cumulative distribution function at a single point, we also study extreme poverty, near poverty and poverty gaps in order to examine more fully the trends in well-being of older individuals.
Evaluation of a point-of-care anticoagulant rodenticide test for dogs.

Objective To evaluate a point-of-care anticoagulant rodenticide lateral flow analyzer for the detection of various rodenticide compounds. Design Prospective, laboratory study. Setting University teaching hospital. Animals The study utilized a serum sample from one healthy canine donor. Samples were centrifuged and serum samples were aliquoted and either used within 4 hours or frozen at −70°C for further quantitative analysis. Interventions Samples were spiked with clinically relevant concentrations of 1 of 6 rodenticide compounds (warfarin, pindone, chlorphacinone, brodifacoum, bromethalin, and its metabolite desmethylbromethalin). Seventy-five microliters of spiked serum (or unaltered serum) was introduced into the lateral flow test. Measurements and Main Results Three readers who were blinded to the sample preparation interpreted the lateral flow test as either positive or negative for the presence of anticoagulant rodenticide. All readers were in agreement for the results of each serum sample. The point-of-care test kit was able to detect a single anticoagulant rodenticide (warfarin) at concentrations below the manufacturer's recommended limit of detection, but was unable to detect any other anticoagulant rodenticide. Conclusions The results of this test and therapeutic interventions must be considered in light of history, physical examination, and other clinical data. Based on results from this study, the test kit only detects warfarin and not other more common second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides.
Effect of Puromycin and Actinomycin D on a Persistent Mumps Virus Infection In Vitro

Abstract Puromycin and actinomycin D were used to treat a line of human conjunctiva cells persistently infected with mumps virus (C-M cells) in order to determine where virus synthesis is inhibited. Although 90% of the cells in C-M cultures are infected, little or no infectious virus is produced by most cells in a growing culture. Adding puromycin to inhibit protein synthesis resulted in the production of infectious virus. Thus, all the viral proteins needed for virus completion were made in the growing cells. When actinomycin D was added to growing cells, infectious virus was again produced. Since mumps virus synthesis is actinomycin D-insensitive, this suggested a host control of the virus. Interferon was not detected. The possible mechanisms of host control are discussed.
Determining the Ordinary Differential Equation From Noisy Data

A challenging inverse problem is to identify the smooth function and the differential equation it represents from uncertain data. This paper extends the procedure previously developed for smooth data. The approach involves two steps. In the first step the data is smoothed using a recursive Bezier filter. For smooth data a single application of the filter is sufficient. The final set of data points provides a smooth estimate of the solution. More importantly, it will also identify smooth derivatives of the function away from the edges of the domain. In the second step the values of the function and its derivatives are used to establish a specific form of the differential equation from a particular class of the same. Since the function and its derivatives are known, the only unknowns are parameters describing the structure of the differential equations. These parameters are of two kinds: the exponents of the derivatives and the coefficients of the terms in the differential equations. These parameters can be determined by defining an optimization problem based on the residuals in a reduced domain. To avoid the trivial solution a discrete global search is used to identify these parameters. An example involving a third order constant coefficient linear differential equation is presented. A basic simulated annealing algorithm is used for the global search. Once the differential form is established, the unknown initial and boundary conditions can be obtained by backward and forward numerical integration from the reduced region.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Direct regeneration from in vitro leaf and petiole tissues of Populus tremula ‘Erecta’

Dormant buds from a mature tree of Populus tremula ‘Erecta’ were incubated on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). Induced shoots were then proliferated on medium of MS or Woody Plant Medium (WPM), or Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) supplemented with varying levels of benzyladenine (BA). Overall, shoots grown on MS medium supplemented with 1.25–2.5 μM BA exhibited the highest frequency of shoot proliferation (>95%) and more than 60% of responding explants produced more than five shoots per explant. Shoot organogenesis was induced from both leaf and petiole explants incubated on WPM medium containing BA, or TDZ, or zeatin. Among the different cytokinins tested, zeatin induced the highest frequency (average 72.1%) of shoot organogenesis. None of explants survived on media containing no cytokinins within 6–8 weeks following culture. Overall, a higher frequency of shoot regeneration was obtained from petioles than from leaf explants. The highest frequency of regeneration was achieved when petioles were incubated on WPM containing 10–20 μM zeatin. Addition of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) did not have a significant effect on shoot regeneration in all treatments. Shoot organogenesis was directly induced from petiole explants without intervening callus. Regenerated shoots were easily rooted on all tested media supplemented with 0.5 μM NAA. Rooted plants were transferred to potting mix and grown in the greenhouse.
Biophysical and molecular mechanisms of shaker potassium channel inactivation

The potassium channels encoded by the Drosophila Shaker gene activate and inactivate rapidly when the membrane potential becomes more positive. Site-directed mutagenesis and single-channel patch-clamp recording were used to explore the molecular transitions that underlie inactivation in Shaker potassium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. A region near the amino terminus with an important role in inactivation has now been identified. The results suggest a model where this region forms a cytoplasmic domain that interacts with the open channel to cause inactivation.
Identification of Cross‐linking Site(s) of Myosin Heavy Chains in Oxidatively Stressed Chicken Myofibrils

The cross-linking site(s) of myosin heavy chains (MHC) in chicken myofibrils exposed to non-enzymatic, hydroxyl radical-generation oxidizing systems (HRGS) was investigated by means of chymotryptic digestion and subsequent electrophoresis. Oxidation of the chymotryptic digests resulted in cross-linking of the rod or light meromyosin (LMM) segment of MHC mostly via disulfide bonds, while subfragment-1 (S-1) or heavy meromyosin (HMM) was not affected. A mixture of cross-linked rod or LMM and uncross-linked S-1 or HMM was also produced when myofibrils were 1st oxidized and then digested with chymotrypsin, confirming that cross-linking of myosin in HRGS-oxidized myofibrils occurred initially in the LMM portion of the myosin rod.
Comparison of the effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, prostaglandin E2, and osteoclast-activating factor with parathyroid hormone on the ultrastructure of osteoclasts in cultured long bones of fetal rats

The effects of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], prostaglandin (PGE2), and osteoclast-activating factor (OAF) on the size of osteoclasts, nuclei, ruffled borders, and clear zones in cultured long bones of fetal rats were quantitated. In addition, the number of osteoclasts in the bones was counted and the release of calcium from the bone into the culture medium was determined. These data were compared with the corresponding effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH). All agents tested increased the size of the ruffled borders significantly after 3 h, the size of the clear zones after 12 h, and the size of the cells after 12–24 h. No important differences in sizes were noticed between the agents tested or between the agents and PTH. The number of osteoclasts was increased after 24 h of treatment with PTH, but not after the other agents. Calcium release was significantly increased for all agents between 12 and 24 h. It is concluded that bone resorption by 1,25(OH)2D3, OAF, and PGE2 is mediated primarily by increased activity of existing osteoclasts similar to PTH activation.
Zoning for Sustainability: A Review and Analysis of the Zoning Ordinances of 32 Cities in the United States

Problem, research strategy, and findings: To understand how communities use zoning ordinances to achieve sustainability goals, we identify nine sustainability principles and 53 associated regulator...
Computer terminals for the blind

A variety of devices are now available for the sightless computer user to work with computer terminals. Future developments could include graphic output from the computer in a form usable by the blind
National Assessment of Pesticide Runoff Loads from Grass Surfaces

Pesticide runoff loads from grass surfaces were estimated through simulation experiments for 37 chemicals registered for use on U.S. lawns and golf courses. Simulation runs were made for each chemical and surface (lawns, greens, fairways) using 100-year weather records generated for nine U.S. cities. Results were summarized as mean annual and 1-in-10 year annual maximum daily pesticide loads. These loads varied greatly with pesticide, grass surface, and city, ranging from less than one to over 400 g/ha for mean annual loads and from less than one to over 500 g/ha for 1-in-10 year maximum daily loads. Mean annual loads averaged over the 37 chemicals and three grass surfaces were found to be closely related to growing season precipitation. Variations among the nine cities were well-captured by three general climate categories: humid, represented by Atlanta and Houston; mesic, as with Albany, Columbus, Madison, and Olympia; and dry, represented by Bismarck, Fresno, and Roswell. Mean annual pesticide runoff...
CO Oxidation Catalyzed by Pd-doped BaCeO3: Coexistence of Langmuir-Hinshelwood and BaCeO3-mediated Mechanisms

The rate law for CO oxidation over Pd-substituted BaCeO3 was studied. Under CO-rich conditions over a range of pressures and temperatures, changing reaction orders for both CO and O2 suggest the coexistence of both Langmuir-Hinshelwood and BaCeO3-mediated mechanisms. The latter dominates at high P(CO)/P(O2), while both mechanisms contribute significantly at low P(CO)/P(O2). Under CO-lean conditions, the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism dominates the kinetics. The importance of the BaCeO3-mediated mechanism increases with temperature. Steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA) using 18O2 confirmed the participation of labile lattice oxygen, thus BaCeO3 behaves as a BaO-stabilized form of CeO2.
Filtered fluorescer x-ray detector

Recently, an instrument capable of measuring x-rays between 8 and 90 keV was conceived to help understand conditions pertaining to pulsed power research. This resulted in the development of a versatile device that would incrementally detect x-rays emitted at predetermined energy bands over this range. To accomplish this, an array of well characterized filter-fluorescer combinations were produced which would allow fluoresced x-rays to be observed by time resolved electro-optical devices. As many as sixteen channels could be utilized with each channel having a corresponding background channel. Upon completion of the device, a three week series of experiments was then successfully carried out.
Blue Brides Exploring Postnuptial Depressive Symptoms

We conducted in-depth interviews with 28 newly married women to explore the experience of postnuptial depressive symptoms. Nearly half of the participants indicated that they felt let down or depressed following their wedding, and some participants reported clinical levels of depression. We found several stark contrasts between the bluest and the happiest brides. Blue brides described feeling uncertain in their marriages, focused on self during wedding planning, and characterized their wedding as an ending followed by unmet expectations. Happier brides expressed relational confidence, demonstrated a relational focus during wedding planning, and framed their wedding in terms of new beginnings and unexpected positive emotions. We discuss the implications of these results in terms of mental and relational health in early marriage.
Paradoxes in Plato's Doctrine of the Ideal State

The initial paradox is simple: The ideal state, as Plato describes it, is composed of un-ideal individuals. Both the warrior class and the masses are deprived of reason and must be governed by the philosopher-king. How can one legitimately call a community perfect when so many of its members are imperfect ? My point here is logical; the word ‘ideal’ is used in a self-inconsistent manner.
Specifying a Human Performance Technology Knowledgebase

The mission of human performance technologists, to assure high levels of human performance in organizations, is well established, and usually accomplished through design and implementation of two major products: performance systems and instructional systems. The speed of change in the environments in which HPT is practiced, however, requires frequent analysis of what knowledge and skills are required of HP technologists in pursuit of this goal. This article works backward from results and the products that obtained them, to identify the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that form the critical human performance technology knowledgebase. The author uses an example from our “universal” neighborhood to illustrate seven basic categories of variables influencing organizational performance, and provides examples and non examples of five essential principles of psychology that can help guide HPT practitioners' efforts to design and implement effective systems.
The Unusual Heme Coordination of THB1, a Hemoglobin from Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii

THB1 is a ∼15 kDa “truncated” hemoglobin (Hb) found in the cytoplasm of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. As for other Hbs within photosynthetic microbes, THB1 is thought to be involved in the management of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. To complement physiological studies aimed at determining the function of THB1, we are pursuing the characterization of the recombinant protein (rTHB1) [1] with special attention to the heme environment. At pH ∼ 5, ferric rTHB1 has an optical spectrum characteristic of a six-coordinate, high-spin complex with a histidine and a water molecule as axial ligands to the heme iron. When the pH is raised near neutrality, the protein undergoes a transition (apparent pKa of 6.5) to a six-coordinate, low-spin complex. Mutagenesis and NMR data collected in the diamagnetic ferrous state provide direct evidence for the ligation of a lysine (K53) on the distal side of the heme [1]. Here, we continue the study of this unusual iron coordination scheme. The distal lysine, like the distal histidine of cyanobacterial globins (GlbNs), facilitates electron transfer. However, unlike the histidine of GlbN, the distal lysine of THB1 does not protect ferric heme from oxidative damage caused by H2O2. Analysis of ferrous THB1 NMR data reveals a neutral lysine amino group with highly upfield-shifted 15N signal. Fast-exchange averaging of the two amino protons is a further indication of a dynamic distal coordination. Additional structural information was obtained from diffraction data collected at beamline X25 (National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National laboratory). Crystals of ferric rTHB1 grown at pH 9.5 diffracted to 1.9 A resolution (P6122 space group) and the data were used to inspect the structural factors allowing lysine coordination.[1] Johnson et al. (2014) Biochemistry 53:4573Supported by NSF grant MCB-1330488
An MRAC Approach for Tracking and Ripple Attenuation of the Common Rail Pressure for GDI Engines

Abstract Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) spark ignition engines equipped with the Common Rail (CR) system strongly improve engine performance in terms of fuel consumption and pollutant emission reduction. As a drawback the fuel pressure in the rail has to be kept as constant as possible to the demanded pressure working set-points in order to achieve the advantages promised by this technology. In this work a Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) algorithm based on the Minimal Control Synthesis (MCS) strategy is proposed to reduce the residual pressure in the rail. Numerical results based on a CR mean value model, previously proposed in the literature and experimentally validated, show that a very satisfactory attenuation of the pressure ripple as well as pressure tracking are attained in different working conditions. A quantitative comparison with a classical gain scheduling model-based control approach confirms furthermore the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control strategy.
Synthesis of Amino Acids in the Catecholamine Series

Tyrosine is generally proposed as the initial precursor in the biogenesis of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Methods are presented for the preparation of amino acids which could be included in alternate mechanisms or possibly interfere with the metabolic sequence. During the course of this study the following compounds were prepared: phenylserine and its ethyl ester, p -hydroxyphenylserine, O -methyl tyrosine, and ω -aminoacetylcatechol in an attempt to prepare dihydroxyphenylserine, DOPS. An effort was made to improve on the practicality of the methods previously used. In some cases a specific adaptation of known procedures was employed; in others new syntheses were developed.
Enhanced features for supervised lecture video segmentation and indexing

Lecture videos are common and increase rapidly. Consequently, automatically and efficiently indexing such videos is an important task. Video segmentation is a crucial step of video indexing that directly affects the indexing quality. We are developing a system for automated video indexing and in this paper discuss our approach for video segmentation and classification of video segments. The novel contributions in this paper are twofold. First we develop a dynamic Gabor filter and use it to extract features for video frame classification. Second, we propose a recursive video segmentation algorithm that is capable of clustering video frames into video segments. We then use these to classify and index the video segments. The proposed approach results in a higher True Positive Rate(TPR) 89.5% and lower False Discovery Rate(FDR) 11.2% compared with the commercial system(TPR= 81.8%, FDR=39.4%) demonstrate that the performance is significantly improved by using enhanced features.
Early developments in children's spatial monitoring.

Abstract This research focused on children's ability to monitor both stable and changing aspects of the spatial field as movements occur. In two experiments, children ranging from 30 months to 5 years of age were tested on spatial transposition problems involving either a single hidden object or a different object in each of three cups. Three developmental trends were identified. First, there was some evidence of developmental improvements in children's understanding of the movements they observed. Although all age groups gave some evidence of understanding that objects move with their containers in Experiment 1, the older children's understanding appeared to be more solid than the 30-montholds in that their performance was not misled by conflicting cues to search at the initial hiding place in Experiment 2. Second, children get better at allocating their attention to the key parts of the spatial field when there is only one object to monitor. Third, children's attentional capacity expands so that they can monitor multiple objects at the same time. These latter two trends produce continuing developments in spatial cognitive performance long after children have achieved an essentially correct understanding of the movements they observe. In addition, they help clarify variations in children's performance on many spatial-cognitive tasks used with age groups ranging from infants to elementary school children.
Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry (Canham, Geoff Rayner)

Goeff Rayner-Canham. W. H. Freeman: New York, NY, 1996. xiv + 492 pp. Figs., tables, and photos. 20.9 X 26.1 cm.The Committee on Professional Training (CPT) of the American Chemical Society has rec...
Pre-treatment prognostic factors in stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving combined modality treatment.

Abstract Approximately one-third of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients present with locally advanced disease. Increasing numbers of clinical trials are being conducted in this group of patients and recently a new international staging system has been introduced, resulting in the sub-division of Stage III into IIIa (potentially operable disease) and IIIb (inoperable disease). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox regression analyses were used to analyze data from 129 Stage III NSCLC patients who had been treated on two consecutive Phase II trials testing combined modality treatment. The pretreatment characteristics of these patients were: median age—59 years, males/females—87/42, caucasian/non-caucasian—111/18, squamous cell or adenocarcinoma/large cell carcinoma-57/72, previous weight loss s 5%/>5%-76/46, previous history of cardiorespiratory disease-no/yes-91/36, performance status (PS) 0-1/2-3-I02/27, Stage III, 2 groups-IIIa/IIIb-83/46, Stage III, 3 groups-I1Ia T3 N 0 /IIIa N 2 /IIIb—41/41/47, surgical eligibility—eligible/ineligible—83/46. Kaplan-Meier statistics revealed significantly longer survival for PS 0-1 versus 2-3 ( p = .001), for eligible versus ineligible for surgery (p = .003), for Stage-IIIa versus IIIb ( p = .004), and for Stage-IIIa T 3 N 0 versus IIIa N 2 versus IIIb ( p = .004). The best model developed from Cox regression analyses included stage (IIIa T 3 N 0 vs IIIa N 2 vs IIIb), PS, and sex. These observations appear to have implications for clinical research in Stage III NSCLC.
Conformation of poly(L-lysine) homologs in solution.

The effect of the number of methylene groups in the side chains on the conformation of polypeptides is assessed for three poly(L-lysine) homologs with R = –(CH2)nNH2. Circular dichroism studies show a pH-induced helix–coil transition in 0.05 M KCl with midpoints at 9.6, 9.0, and 8.7 for n = 5, 6, and 7, respectively, as compared with 10.1 for (Lys)x (n = 4). Homologs with n = 6 and 7 could be partially helical even when the side groups are fully charged (with n = 7, the compound is highly aggregated above pH 9.1). Thus, the longer the number of methylene groups the more stable is the helical conformation of these homologs. Potentiometric titration of the n = 5 homolog gives a ΔG° of −310 cal/mol (residue) for the uncharged coil-to-helix transition at 25°C. The corresponding ΔH° and ΔS° are −1740 cal/mol (residue) and −4.8 e.u./mol (residue). Unlike (Lys)x, the uncharged helix-to-β transition is slow and incomplete even after heating at 80°C for 1 hr. Addition of methanol enhances the helical formation in neutral solution with midpoints at 72, 52, and 27% methanol (v/v) for n = 5, 6, and 7, respectively [cf. 88% for (Lys)x]. Addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate induces a coil-to-helix transition for all three homologs in contrast with the β form of (Lys)x under similar conditions.
Cooperative ordering of holes and spins in La2NiO4.125.

${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{NiO}}_{4.125}$ exhibits a cooperative ordering of dopant-induced holes and Ni spins below a transition temperature of 110 K. There is also an ordering of interstitial oxygens that occurs near room temperature. We present a comprehensive analysis of experimentally observed superlattice intensities in terms of structural models, justifying previous identifications. The model for the interstitial order involves a 3a\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5b\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5c unit cell with an ideal interstitial density of \ensuremath{\delta}=2/15 per formula unit. In the spin and charge ordered state, the magnetic moments are sinusoidally modulated within the ${\mathrm{NiO}}_{2}$ planes. The moments point transverse to the modulation direction, with nearest neighbors antiparallel, and have a maximum amplitude that is g80% of that observed in undoped ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{NiO}}_{4}$. A corresponding modulation of atomic positions within ${\mathrm{NiO}}_{2}$ planes involves breathing-mode distortions consistent with a modulation of the charge density. The results are compared with theoretical models and with experimental observations on related systems.
Dose control circuit for digital electrostatic electron-beam array lithography

This paper demonstrates a technique for controlling the electron emission of an array of field emitting vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs). An array of carbon nanofibers (CNF) is to be used as the source of electron beams for lithography purposes. This tool is intended to replace the mask in the conventional photolithography process by controlling their charge emission using the "Dose Control Circuitry" (DCC). The large variation in the charge emitted between CNFs grown in identical conditions forced the controller design to be based on fixed dose rather than on fixed time. Compact digital control logic has been designed for controlling the operation of DCC. This system has been implemented in a 0.5 ?m CMOS process.
Early T-cell progenitors are the major granulocyte precursors in the adult mouse thymus.

The mouse thymus supports T-cell development, but also contains non–T-cell lineages such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and granulocytes that are necessary for T-cell repertoire selection and apoptotic thymocyte clearance. Early thymic progenitors (ETPs) are not committed to the T-cell lineage, as demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo assays. Whether ETPs realize non–T-cell lineage potentials in vivo is not well understood and indeed is controversial. In the present study, we investigated whether ETPs are the major precursors of any non–T-lineage cells in the thymus. We analyzed the development of these populations under experimental circumstances in which ETPs are nearly absent due to either abrogated thymic settling or inhibition of early thymic development by genetic ablation of IL-7 receptorα or Hes1. Results obtained using multiple in vivo approaches indicate that the majority of thymic granulocytes derive from ETPs. These data indicate that myelolymphoid progenitors settle the thymus and thus clarify the pathways by which stem cells give rise to downstream blood cell lineages.
Diagnosis of gastrointestinal anastomotic dehiscence after hospital discharge: Impact on patient management and outcome

Background Anastomotic leaks are inevitable complications of gastrointestinal surgery. Early hospital discharge protocols have increased concern regarding outpatient presentation with anastomotic leaks. Methods One hundred anastomotic leaks in 5,387 intestinal operations performed at a single institution from 2002 to 2007 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Statistical analysis was conducted by the unpaired t test, Chi-square test, and analysis of variance. Results Overall anastomotic leak with a rate of 2.6% for colonic and 0.53% for small bowel anastomoses. Mean time to anastomotic leak diagnosis was 7 days after operation. Twenty-six patients presented after discharge, with mean time to diagnosis 12 days versus 6 days for inpatients (P Conclusion Outpatient presentation delays diagnosis but does not alter management or clinical outcome, or decrease the probability of ostomy reversal. Prolonging hospital stay to capture patients who develop anastomotic leak seems to be unwarranted. For patients requiring operative management, we recommend diversion as the safest option with a subsequent 61% reversal rate.
A 12GHz 67% tuning range 0.37pS RJ rms PLL with LC-VCO temperature compensation scheme in 0.13μm CMOS

This paper presents a PLL designed in 0.13μm CMOS for multi-data rate serial link applications. A novel temperature compensation scheme is proposed to reduce the LC-VCO temperature frequency drift without sacrificing the tuning range. Thus, the PLL covers a 5.6GHz to 13.4GHz tuning range by using just two VCO cores while remaining locked from -40°C to 85°C. At 25°C, the PLL has an RMS random jitter (RJ rms ) of 0.37pS at 11.44GHz. The integrated jitter is less than 0.7pS over the tuning range and varies less than 50fS over temperature. The PLL consumes 50.88mW of power from a 1.2V supply at 12GHz and 25°C.
ERP and the reengineering of industrial marketing processes

Abstract The implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems enables industrial marketing management to pursue the reduction of marketing cycle times and enhance customer service. The use of ERP systems is closely associated with business engineering (BE), which focuses on decades of research to benchmark optimal business practices. A descriptive overview of ERP strategic applications for industrial marketing is provided along with case examples. An illustrative example of the streamlined sales order process is highlighted as well as managerial implications.
GFS: evolution on fast-forward

A discussion between Kirk McKusick and Sean Quinlan about the origin and evolution of the Google File System
Changing a Schoolyard Intentions, Design Decisions, and Behavioral Outcomes

This article describes the construction of a tire playground on an empty, fenced-in blacktop that had served as the schoolyard for a small primary school. It discusses the parents' and designer's goals for the tire playground, describes the way the playground design supported and reflected these goals, and documents the eventual impact on children's behavior. Construction of the playground led to significant decreases in organized games, uninvolved behavior, and roughhousing, and significant increases in active play and pretend play. Age and sex differences in play behavior are also described.
Abstract P1-04-11: Recovery rates of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer cell lines spiked into peripheral blood

Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been demonstrated to be prognostic in all stages of breast cancer. Immunomagnetic enrichment followed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (IE/FACS) isolates enriched populations of CTCs derived from peripheral blood without the need for background subtraction of leukocytes. We previously reported IE/FACS as a strategy for gene expression profiling of CTCs. We hypothesized that variable expression of the epithelial cell adhesion marker (EpCAM) may bias IE/FACS recovery rates and composition. Patients and Methods: 10 breast cancer cell lines were acquired from the ATCC, authenticated by short tandem repeat profiling, and stratified according to subtype: HER2 positive (SKBR3, MDA-MB-453, SUM190), luminal A (T47D, MCF7, ZR751), luminal B (BT474) and basal-like (SUM149, MDA-MB-231, Hs578T). Unknown quantities of cell lines were spiked into PBS or peripheral blood (PB) from healthy female donors. IE/FACS was performed using EpCAM (MJ37) ferrofluid particles via a magnetic separator followed by incubation with Thioflavin T, CD45 PE-Cy7, and EpCAM (EBA-1) mAb conjugated to phycoerythrin. FACS sorting was performed using a FACS Aria II (BD Biosciences) and a gating strategy devised based on negative controls (n = 23). Absolute cell counts and recovery rates were determined using the TruCOUNT method (BD Biosciences) with acquisition of 35,000 beads. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze variation in recovery rates between groups (Prism GraphPad 6.0). Results: Overall mean recovery rates for the 10 cell lines were 51.4% from PBS and 39.5% from PB. The specific cell type being analyzed was a more significant source of variation (p = 0.03) than was whether measurements were made from PBS or PB (p = 0.2). However, analysis by molecular subtype did not show differences between intrinsic groups (p = 0.23) nor did it show differences in recovery rates from PBS or PB (p = 0.26). The two inflammatory breast cancer cell lines (SUM 149 and SUM190) showed no differences in recovery rates compared to other cell lines (p = 0.41) nor in recovery rates from PBS versus PB (p = 0.75). Recovery rates for the 10 cell lines are shown in Table 1. View this table: Recovery Rate Conclusions: Significant variation occurred in recovery rates of spiked, sorted cells depending on cell line type. Negative control PB specimens from healthy individuals could successfully define a consistent gating strategy that captured zero CTCs from healthy individuals and permitted acquiring a portion of CTCs from each of the 10 cell lines. Further experiments will characterize the gene expression of the sorted cells compared to bulk RNA for each cell line. Better biomarkers are needed to improve upon the recovery rates of CTCs while minimizing selection bias. Future studies are required to determine if expression profiling of CTCs is an informative biomarker that may be applied clinically as a prognostic or predictive tool. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-04-11.
Multiple Predictors of Satisfactory Post-Divorce Adjustment of Single Custodial Parents

The study examined multiple factors related to satisfactory post-divorce adjustment of 204 single custodial parents. One hundred eighty-seven women and seventeen men were administered four instruments: Fisher Divorce Adjustment Scale; General Well Being Schedule; Single Parent Questionnaire; and a Single Parent Interview developed for the study. A survey format with delivery and pick up of test packets at participants' homes was used. Multiple regression statistical analysis was conducted. Findings indicate the strongest single predictor of divorce adjustment was the custodial parent's own subjective sense of well-being. Other significant factors included sense of social status and economic position, initiating the divorce, quantity and quality of friends, and employment satisfaction. Two other factors significant in a general equation were single parenting skills and overall relationship with the noncustodial parent.
Symmetric distributions of bound fermions

Abstract Relativistic models of hadrons composed of the simplest kind of Fermi quarks will be described in subsequent papers by symmetric wavefunctions S, which vanish when all the relative positions of the constituents are spacelike. These S are highly preferable, not in spite of, but thanks to the usual connection of spin and statistics. The principles of the new models are explained in comparison with other quark and parton models. If needed at all, the Bethe-Salpeter amplitude T of a bound state can be obtained from its symmetric distribution S by a “dispersion” integral. An extension to three constituents will be given later. It is precisely because S vanishes for spacelike internal separations that practical estimates for strongly bound states will more readily employ that symmetric distribution than the time ordered T. Field theory and its description of bound states as well as properties and interactions of hadrons are invoked for completeness and the benefit of specialists. Only elementary notions from such topics, however, are needed for the main conclusion. It says that the simplest Fermi quarks (without any “hidden” quantum number) offer the best explanation for the widely accepted symmetry of their wavefunctions in baryons. The failure to observe quarks and also their oscillator shaped interaction within hadrons will later be connected with the same simplicity and a vanishing mass of “bare” quarks.
Thalamic Gating of Corticostriatal Signaling by Cholinergic Interneurons

Salient stimuli redirect attention and suppress ongoing motor activity. This attentional shift is thought to rely upon thalamic signals to the striatum to shift cortically driven action selection, but the network mechanisms underlying this interaction are unclear. Using a brain slice preparation that preserved cortico- and thalamostriatal connectivity, it was found that activation of thalamostriatal axons in a way that mimicked the response to salient stimuli induced a burst of spikes in striatal cholinergic interneurons that was followed by a pause lasting more than half a second. This patterned interneuron activity triggered a transient, presynaptic suppression of cortical input to both major classes of principal medium spiny neuron (MSN) that gave way to a prolonged enhancement of postsynaptic responsiveness in striatopallidal MSNs controlling motor suppression. This differential regulation of the corticostriatal circuitry provides a neural substrate for attentional shifts and cessation of ongoing motor activity with the appearance of salient environmental stimuli.
Developing microcolin A analogs as biological probes

Three microcolin A and B analogs have been synthesized. Their biological activity profiles were evaluated against several cell lines, revealing the existence of a structural determinant whose role in mediating the antiproliferative effect of the microcolins has heretofore gone unrecognized. While previously described as potent immunosuppressive natural products, we found that these microcolin analogs possessed no selective cytotoxicity when comparing immune cell versus nonimmune cell proliferation. In addition, the amino-terminus of microcolin A has been modified to incorporate a biotinylated polyethylene glycol linker. The biological activity of this biotinylated microcolin A analog was determined. This affinity reagent was shown to retain limited biological activity and thus can serve as a useful probe for elucidating the mechanism of action of microcolin A.
Introduction to Digital Medical Image Management: Departmental Concerns

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the considerations that are faced when a film-based imaging department transitions to a filmless practice. Both departmental and enterprise issues will be discussed in the context of a single geographically confined campus. CONCLUSION. A successful transition to a filmless practice results from applying imaging informatics principles and using established standard, appropriate change management practices, all coordinated by a team of representative stakeholders.
Nonseparable analytic metric spaces and quotient maps

Abstract E. Michael and A.H. Stone have shown that any separable analytic metric space is an almost-open continuous image of the space ω ω . Hence the separable analytic metric spaces are precisely the quotients of the space of irrational numbers. Here it is shown that the nonseparable analytic metric spaces are precisely the continuous almost-open s -images of the closed subspaces of the Baire spaces κ ω , where by an s -image we mean all fibres of the map are separable. A similar result is obtained in which the domain is all of κ ω . Further, it is shown that any metric continuous quotient s -image of an analytic metric space is again analytic, and examples are given to show why the various assumptions are necessary.
Robust, fluorescent, and nanoscale freestanding conjugated films

The fabrication of purely polymeric free-standing structures of nanoscale thickness is technically challenging because of the poor mechanical stability of conventional polymers. Conjugated polymers (CP) composed of rod-like chains with much stronger mechanical properties are exploited here for layer-by-layer assembly. We successfully fabricated ultrathin freestanding layer-by-layer conjugated films (under 20 nm thick) which are flexible, easily fabricated, and demonstrated excellent mechanical properties combined with high fluorescence. This unique combination of properties can be considered for new applications such as flexible, lightweight displays and large luminescent panels.
Morphology and Properties of Wood. Fiber Reinforced Blends of Recycled Polystyrene and Polyethylene

Material properties of composites produced from recycled plastics and recycled wood fiber were compared. A blend of high-density polyethylene and polystyrene was used as a simulated mixed plastic. Stiffness was generally improved by the addition of fiber, as expected, but brittleness also increased. Pretreatment of the wood filler with phenol-formaldehyde resins did not significantly affect material properties. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated no interaction between the polyethylene phase and the other phases present in the composite. Glass transition temperatures for the various combinations of components indicated a possible interaction between the polystyrene phase and untreated wood filler. This was supported by scanning electron micrographs, which indicated a less-coalesced morphology for samples filled with treated wood flour compared to those with untreated wood flour.
Opto-acoustic imaging of oral cancer: feasibility studies in hamster model of squamous cell carcinoma

An otoacoustic transducer capable of detecting wide-band ultrasonic profiles at the site of pulsed laser irradiation was developed and applied in imaging various stages of squamous cell carcinoma produced in a hamster cheek pouch model. Imaging was performed using 12-nanosecond Nd:YAG laser pulses (FWHM) at the wavelength of 532 nm, which provided sufficient depth of monitoring (2 mm), significant tissue contrast and 15-?m in depth resolution. The opto-acoustic images depict distinct tissue layers in control (normal) animals and heterogeneous structureless tissue in pre-cancer and cancer stages. Pronounced changes in subsurface tissue structures that occur in the course of cancer development were not detected upon gross examination. Optoacoustic images of later stages in cancer development presented exophytic or irregular profiles on the surfaces, possibly associated with enhanced microvascularization. The changes associated with benign inflammation yielded optoacoustic images different from those depicting cancer progression. The experimental results suggest that the optoacoustic images displaying layered tissue structure on the basis of variations in optical absorption and scattering may be utilized for early detection and staging of superficial mucosa cancer.
Large-grain poly-crystalline silicon thin films prepared by aluminum-induced crystallization of sputter-deposited hydrogenated amorphous silicon

A metal-induced crystallization (MIC) technique was used to produce large-grain poly-crystalline silicon. Two sets of samples were prepared by first sputtering Al onto glass substrates. For one set of samples, hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) was sputtered on top of the Al without breaking the vacuum. For the second set, the samples were taken out of the vacuum chamber and exposed to the atmosphere to grow a very thin layer of native aluminum oxide before sputter depositing the a-Si:H. Both sets of samples were then annealed at temperatures between 400 and 525 °C for 40 min. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the crystallization of the samples. Scanning Auger microanalysis was used to confirm that the a-Si:H and Al layers exchanged positions in this structure during the crystallization process. Auger mapping revealed the formation of large grain poly-silicon (10–20 μm). A model is proposed to explain how the crystallization process progresses with anneal temperature.
The Effects of Electoral Concerns on Presidential Foreign Policy: The Case of Ronald Reagan

Although previous scholarship indicates that foreign policy has only a minimal impact on voter behavior, contemporary research suggests voters do act upon their foreign policy preferences. Recognizing voters’ policy concerns, political leaders have frequently modified their foreign policy positions to mitigate electoral vulnerability. Ronald Reagan’s policies offer an example of such a shift. Reagan maintained hawkish positions toward Central America and the Soviet Union for most of his first term but, sensing public concern over such policies, adopted more conciliatory foreign policy positions, especially towards the Soviet Union, to reduce potential vulnerabilities in preparation for his 1984 reelection campaign. Notably, Reagan did not return to more aggressive policies following his reelection. Reagan’s foreign policy shift demonstrates the impact that public opinion and domestic politics may have on foreign relations.
A SIMPLE MODIFICATION OF THE SPECTROPHOTOMETER FOR RAPID PHYTOCHROME ASSAY

— A simple, low cost modification of a conventional single wavelength spectrophotometer (e.g. Cary 118C) enables one to quantitate phytochrome in crude extracts and purified phytochrome preparations without the use of a dual-wavelength ratio spectrophotometer.
Measuring Investment in Education

Historic debates about the measurement of capital are even more complicated in the case of education and human capital. As extensive research demonstrates, education resources are not consistently related to student performance in existing elementary and secondary schools. This inefficiency in public schools implies that spending and resource measures do not accurately capture variations in school quality. This finding then has clear implications for both education policy and economic research. Because school inputs are poor policy instruments, an alternative policy focus that appears much more productive is performance incentives related to student achievement.