cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of late aorta-coronary graft patency: intraoperative phasic flow versus angiography.

Sixty patients with recurrent angina or myocardial infarction underwent repeat angiography 2 to 46 months after coronary bypass. Mean and phasic flow tracings from 108 grafts were analyzed and correlated with the initial angiographic quality of the host coronary vessel. The quality of phasic flow patterns was graded 1 to 4: 1 denotes excellent flow acceleration and deceleration with a low resistance pattern; 4 denotes a slurred tracing with poor acceleration and deceleration and with often indistinct systolic and diastolic flow components. The areas under systolic and distolic flow components of representative cycles were calculated for each graft. Angiographic grading was also on a scale of 1 to 4 with 1 denoting normal runoff and 4 denoting small diseased vessels. Despite recurrence of symptoms, 75 grafts were patent (70%) and 33 were occluded (30%). In 31 (52%) patients, all grafts were patent; 51 (85%) had at least one graft open; and in nine (15%) all grafts were occluded. Mean flow in patent grafts was 97 ml/min (range, 20 to 320); that in occluded grafts was 73 ml/min (range, 15 to 170). Seven of nine grafts with flow
Incubators for Minority Entrepreneurs

This paper describes the types of incubators, their goals, and the characteristics of incubators that are affiliated with academic institutions.
Theory of Spectral Sensitization

AbstractA brief treatment is given of the physical basis for models of spectral sensitization. Models now current are examined; recent measurements of surface potential of sensitized and unsensitized surfaces are not consistent with the predictions of models of the “Fermi level” type. Dynamical electron transfer models incorporating the statistical character of ionization energies seem to have the best potential as tools for investigating phenomena associated with spectral sensitization.
Limit properties for a » 1

In many applications the traffic intensity a is quite large (of the order of 10, 100, or even thousands) and the number of primary servers is of comparable size. The marginal probability distribution (1.4) for N(s, t) is not difficult to evaluate exactly for moderate values of a or to approximate for a » 1 but the “exact formula” for the joint distribution p(j, k, s) is virtually useless (it has a form analogous to the expansion of e-a in powers of a). Even the closed form solution for the moments (1.8) is unwieldly for a and s » 1 since it involves the sth term in the expansion (1.9).
Bioelectronic devices: Wirelessly powered implants

Phased-array antennas that conform to body surfaces efficiently transfer electromagnetic energy to miniaturized semiconductor devices implanted in pigs.
Martin Buber and Rabindranath Tagore: A Meeting of Two Great Minds

(2016). Martin Buber and Rabindranath Tagore: A Meeting of Two Great Minds. Comparative Literature: East & West: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 30-42.
Bad Girl, Bad Mother, Bad Queen: Catherine de’ Medici in Contemporary Fiction, Film, and History

Historians long regarded Catherine de’ Medici (1519–89) as “the Black Queen,” an evil despot and instigator of the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre of 1572. Popular culture reflected this, notably Alexandre Dumas’ La Reine Margot (1845), Jean Plaidy’s novels (1951–53), and film and television. Yet historians like Ivan Cloulas, Leonie Frieda, and R.J. Knecht present a more complex, nuanced picture of her as a loving mother who sought peace and as a major patron of arts and scholarship. This chapter examines the traditional image, describes how modern scholarship has challenged it, and suggests why popular culture has failed to catch up.
ℋ 2 optimal sensing architecture with model uncertainty

In this paper we present an integrated approach to control and sensing design. The framework assumes sensor noise as a design variable along with the controller and determines l 1 regularized optimal sensing precision that satisfies a given closed loop performance in the presence of model uncertainty. We pursue two approaches here. In the first approach, we represent the uncertainty as polytopic and, in the second formulation, we model it using integral quadratic constraints (IQC). We apply these two approaches to an active suspension control and sensing design problem and demonstrate that the IQC based approach provides better results and is able to incorporate larger system uncertainty.
Evaluations: Autonomy and Artificial Intelligence: A Threat or Savior?

We first review and evaluate our own research presented at AAAI-2015 (computational autonomy) and AAAI-2016 (reducing human errors). Then we evaluate each of the other contributed chapters on their own terms that more or less mesh with these two parts of this book. To begin, after recent successes with Artificial Intelligence (AI; e.g., driverless cars), claims have surfaced that autonomous robots in society may 1 day threaten human existence. These extraordinary claims followed others by macroeconomists in 2003 that their economic tools would prevent future financial collapses, and social scientists in 2015 that humans can learn the skills to forecast political winners. We now know that these claims were overstated, wishful or fanciful. Theoretically, how can AI threaten human society when the key characteristic of social interaction, interdependence, has not been satisfactorily modeled with AI or economics; or when interdependence “invalidates” experimental social science? We have found that the incorrect understanding of interdependence (mutual information) by traditional scientists precludes successful social predictions; and its mystery has led economists to believe that aggregated social preferences are meaningless. If AI cannot model interdependence satisfactorily, AI-robots may be able to communicate among themselves or with humans or they may be able to defeat humans at board games, but AI will not be a wellspring of innovation like interdependence has been for humans, nor will AI ever be able to model human interaction effectively. Thus, we need to know whether interdependence can be modeled satisfactorily for robots; what limits does interdependence entail; and what forecasts does interdependence permit? In contrast to traditional perspectives, with our model, we have concluded that interdependence is a resource used by humans to innovate and to solve intractable problems. Finally, we evaluate our two themes in this chapter and the chapters in this book to offer a path forward for research in AI. In the first section of this chapter (13.1), we discuss the use of AI in the development of autonomy for individual machines, robots and hybrid teams that include humans in states of social interdependence; then, on their own terms, we evaluate the other chapters associated with autonomy. In the second section (13.2), we discuss the use of AI in reducing, preventing or mitigating human error in society; this second section is followed by an evaluation of the remaining chapters, again, on their own terms.
Group shear wave based viscoelastic parameter estimation in SWEI: Analysis of sources of bias

This study assesses the reliance of group shear wave speed calculations on the spatial dependence (source geometry) of an Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse excitation in viscoelastic materials. Furthermore, this work examines the impact of motion filtering on the reliability of a lookup table approach to viscoelastic parameter determination. An analytic solution which includes the effects of source geometry is used to generate shear wave profiles for multiple viscoelastic materials. For the materials chosen, the analytic solution yields differences < 0.5% in group speed measurements for two different source geometries (F/1.5 and F/3.0 were examined) and a < 3.5% difference caused by an error in lateral source position of 0.25 mm (which could be expected in the presence of phase aberration). Human liver data from a cohort of 43 patients were assessed for viscoelastic parameter determination. The estimated (μ0) values were in agreement with other reports in liver with small variability, but the (η) estimates were shown to have large variability and a dependence upon motion filtering.
Automatic verification device and method for transformer turns ratio tester

There are many problems in traditional verification of transformer turns ratio tester such as switching manually, low efficiency, error prone, manual recording data, and great workload. This paper introduces an automatic verification device and method for transformer turns ratio tester, the device adopts the logic control chip control signals, turns the switch by the relay automaticity, realizes the real-time communication between the verification and verified devices, and the overall accuracy meets the requirements of the verification regulations. At the same time, the verification efficiency and accuracy have been greatly improved, and automatic verification has been achieved.
Transnational contention, domestic integration: assimilating into the hostland polity through homeland activism

While scholars have studied the political incorporation of migrants and refugees through measures related to naturalisation and voting, others have investigated the ways by which participation in p...
Training and Employment Relations in Japanese Firms

Japan’s recent emergence as a global economic power has attracted international attention to the Japanese management system.1 An important question is why and how management and labor seem to have cooperated so effectively in helping Japan achieve such a status. To shed light on this question, this paper discusses certain key features of the Japanese industrial relations and training practices and sketches a theory to help understand them.
Factors related to preferences in gamete donor sources

Objective To survey fertile and infertile individuals concerning attitudes about donor insemination and ovum donation and to analyze whether gender, experience with infertility, and religion influences: [1] preference for choosing gamete donor over adoption or child-free living; [2] choice of selecting a known or anonymous donor; or [3] choice of disclosure or nondisclosure to any offspring. Design Patients in an infertility clinic and obstetrics and gynecology practice were asked to complete surveys. Participants Three hundred nineteen individuals who completed surveys. Main Outcome Measures A 14-item questionnaire (created for this study) with a demographic information section. Results No gender differences were observed for preference to use donor gametes, to adopt, or to live child free within the infertility group. In the obstetrics and gynecology group, men preferred adoption more than women and were less likely to use a donor. Choice of whether to use a donor, which donor source, and whether to disclose the use of a donor was influenced by gender, experience with infertility, and religion. Conclusions Gender, experience with infertility, and religion influence an individual's choice in family building options as well as what information will be shared with the child. There is a wider acceptance of using known donor sources than has heretofore been seen and these options should be explored.
New Approaches and New Applications for Computer Simulation of N-Body Problems

In this paper we study new computer models for turbulent flow in the small and in the large, for soliton collision, and for the fundamental problem of electrostatics. These are typical for models of microdrop collision, stress of a slotted copper plate, contact angle of adhesion, biological self reorganization, the bounce of an elastic ball, the motion of a top on a smooth surface, and elastic snap-through, which are only mentioned and referenced appropriately.
Comparative Outcomes of Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1 Implantation Based on Vision in the Contralateral Eye.

Purpose To compare the outcomes of Boston keratoprosthesis type 1 implantation after failed keratoplasty in patients who are blind or sighted in the contralateral eye. Methods Retrospective comparative case series of Boston keratoprosthesis type I recipients performed for failed keratoplasty, between January 1, 2008, and June 30, 2016, at a single center. Patients were divided based on the best-corrected visual acuity in the contralateral eye at the time of surgery: group I, ≤20/200, and Group II, >20/200. Preoperative diagnoses, postoperative visual acuity, device retention, and postoperative complications were compared. Results Group I (37 eyes) and group II (36 eyes) had similar demographics, median preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (count fingers) in the operated eye, and median duration of postoperative follow-up (37.4 vs. 45.2 months, respectively). Keratoprosthesis retention after the first year postimplantation was significantly better in group I versus group II (P = 0.038). Sterile vitritis and sterile keratolysis occurred more frequently in group II compared with group I (P = 0.013 and P = 0.056, respectively). At final examination, visual outcomes were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusions Most patients with failed keratoplasty who were implanted with a Boston keratoprosthesis type I experienced improved vision, and visual acuity of the contralateral eye did not seem to influence the visual outcome of surgery. However, patients with good vision in the contralateral eye were more likely to experience complications, possibly because of reduced vigilance when the other eye has ambulatory vision.
Carbon monoxide inhibits the anticoagulant activity of phospholipase A 2 purified from Crotalus adamanteus venom

Snake venom contains a myriad of classes of enzyme which have been investigated for medicinal and toxinological purposes, including phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which is responsible for anticoagulant, myotoxic and neurotoxic effects. Given the importance of PLA2, the purposes of the present investigation were to characterize the coagulation kinetic behavior of a PLA2 purified from Crotalus adamanteus venom (Ca-PLA2) in human plasma with thrombelastography and determine if carbon monoxide could inhibit its activity. Coagulation kinetics were determined in human plasma with a range of Ca-PLA2 activity (0–2 U/ml) via thrombelastography. Then, using carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 or its inactivated molecule (0 or 100 µM), the vulnerability of Ca-PLA2 activity to carbon monoxide mediated inhibition was assessed. Lastly, the inhibitory response of Ca-PLA2 activity to exposure to carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (0–100 µM) was determined. Ca-PLA2 activity degraded the velocity of clot growth and clot strength in an activity dependent, exponential manner. Carbon monoxide inhibited Ca-PLA2 activity in a concentration dependent fashion, with loss of detectable activity at 100 µM of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2. These findings, while preliminary, open the possibility that other PLA2 contained in snake venom with multiple toxicities (e.g., myotoxin, neurotoxin) may be heme bearing and CO-inhibitable, which have profound potential basic and clinical science implications.
A Logical Step Forward: Extending Voluntary Acknowledgments of Parentage to Female Same-Sex Couples

Under current law, stark differences exist between different- and same-sex couples who welcome children into the world with regard to the ease through which the member of the couple who did not give birth to the child is able to obtain legal parent status. While a number of simple, efficient procedures exist for establishing legal parentage for different-sex partners of women who give birth, same-sex partners of women who give birth often have to go through significantly more complex, time-consuming, and expensive procedures in order to establish legal parentage. The inequitable treatment of same-sex couples in establishing legal parentage has extremely harmful consequences for these couples and their children, and legal reform to address the unfair treatment of same-sex parents is long overdue. The hesitation to extend to same-sex couples the simple, efficient methods of establishing legal parent status available to different-sex couples likely stems from the longstanding tie between genetic connections and the establishment of legal parentage. While the law’s historical privileging of genetic connections in parentage determinations poses some challenges for same-sex couples in obtaining access to the simple, efficient methods of establishing legal parentage in existence today, these challenges are far from insurmountable. This Article sets forth a comprehensive proposal for the federal government to require states to extend voluntary acknowledgments of parentage, which currently allow a birth mother’s different-sex partner to establish paternity through the execution of a document at the time of the child’s birth, to female same-sex couples who conceive children using sperm provided in compliance with state donor non-paternity laws. The proposal represents a logical, modest step in the right direction for ameliorating the difficulties faced by same-sex parents in obtaining legal parentage without requiring significant upheaval to state laws governing the rights of genetic parents or federal laws governing voluntary acknowledgments of parentage.
A brief history of workforce education in community colleges

Over its 100-year plus history the community college has struggled to make clear its mission. As a comprehensive community college its mission has bounced around to focus on liberal arts, developme...
An Improved Fast Harmonic Load Flow Method for Distribution Network Considering Distributed Generators

This paper introduces an improved backward/forward sweep algorithm for harmonics flow calculation in the distribution network. The harmonic current of some branches which do not connect with harmonic sources was normally ignored in the common harmonic backward/forward sweep algorithm. Then the results obtained by the common method are inaccurate. In this algorithm, the branches are sorted by layers based on special hierarchy characteristic of the radial network. According to the network layers, the location conditions of the harmonic sources in the tributaries of the network are divided into three types. Parts of the ignored forward harmonic branch currents are calculated according to these harmonic source types. Then, the rest of ignored harmonic branch currents are obtained by an additional current forward sweep. After the branch currents are obtained, the harmonics bus voltage can be easily obtained from the sending end to the receiving end based on the Kirchhoff's Voltage Law. By using this method, the accuracy of the result of harmonic backward/forward sweep algorithm is improved. This conclusion can be proved by the test results.
Reliability Analysis of a Delay-Locked Loop Under HCI and BTI Degradation

This paper studies the impact of hot carrier injection and bias temperature instability on a mixed-signal delay locked loop, at the block and system levels. Aging affects delays on the reset line of the phase detector, degrading sensitivity to input phase differences. Aging also increases threshold voltage mismatch in the charge pump, causing the control voltage of the voltage-controlled delay line to drift, reducing the acquisition time. The delay range of the voltage-controlled delay line also shifts due to aging. Numerical results on a 45nm CMOS process are presented.
Effects of Pitch Source on Pitch-Matching and Intonation Accuracy of Collegiate Singers:

In this study, we examined the effects of multiple reference pitch sources on collegiate singers’ accuracy in pitch-matching and intonation tasks. We also investigated which reference pitch source ...
Implementing a Chronic Wound Care Curriculum for Internal Medicine Residents.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if participation in a practice-based learning session would change the residents' reported wound care practice. METHODS A 90-minute didactic and skills workshop in chronic wound care was provided to 89 internal medicine (IM) residents divided into 4 groups, who were asked to complete an anonymous clinical vignette survey prior to the session and again 3 months after the practice-based learning session. RESULTS Comparisons of the pretest and posttest scores (Mann-Whitney U Test) showed only ordering moisture-retentive dressing changed significantly. Residents reported likelihood of preventing/managing wounds in their future career on a 10-point Likert scale (mean 4.92). CONCLUSION Future directions aimed at assessing the wound care needs/resources of the IM outpatient clinics, the comfort of the supervising clinicians and residents, and targeting the curriculum to those most likely to benefit should be addressed before further refining the curriculum.
Powerpoint Presentation of Credit Card Reform and Bankruptcy Reform: The Effect of BAPCPA on Credit Card Industry Profits and Prices

This is a powerpoint presentation based on "The Effect of BAPCPA on Credit Card Industry Profits and Prices" and on "Credit Card Reform and Bankruptcy Reform". Presented at Seton Hall in December 2009.
Evaluation of Graft Tensioning Effects in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction between Hamstring and Bone-Patellar Tendon Bone Autografts.

This article investigates the clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction patients over 7 years to determine the effects of initial graft tension on outcomes when using patellar tendon (bone–tendon–bone [BTB]) and hamstring tendon (HS) autografts. Ninety patients, reconstructed with BTB or HS, were randomized using two initial graft tension protocols: (1) normal anteroposterior (AP) laxity (“low-tension”; n = 46) and (2) AP laxity overconstrained by 2 mm (“high-tension”; n = 44). Seventy-two patients had data available at 7 years, with 9 excluded for graft failure. Outcomes included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Short-Form-36 (SF-36), and Tegner activity scale. Clinical outcomes included KT-1000S and International Knee Documentation Committee examination score; and functional outcomes included 1-leg hop distance and peak knee extensor torque. Imaging outcomes included medial joint space width, Osteoarthritis Research Society International radiographic score, and Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Score. There were significantly improved outcomes in the high-tension compared with the low-tension HS group for SF-36 subset scores for bodily pain (p = 0.012), social functioning (p = 0.004), and mental health (p = 0.014) 84 months postsurgery. No significant differences in any outcome were found within the BTB groups. Tegner activity scores were also significantly higher for the high-tension HS group compared with the low-tension (6.0 vs. 3.8, p = 0.016). Patients with HS autografts placed in high tension had better outcomes relative to low tension for Tegner activity score and SF-36 subset scores for bodily pain, social functioning, and mental health. For this reason, we recommend that graft fixation be performed with the knee at 30-degree flexion (“high-tension” condition) when reconstructing the ACL with HS autograft.
Abstract A77: Antibody targeting tumor-derived soluble NKG2D ligand sMIC provides dual costimulation of CD8 T cells and enables sMIC+ tumors to respond to PD1/PD-L1 blockade therapy

Background: Insufficient costimulation accounts for a great deal of the suboptimal activation of cytotoxic CD8 T cells (CTLs) and presumably unsatisfactory clinical expectation of PD1/PDL1 therapy. Tumor-derived soluble NKG2D ligands are associated with poor clinical response to PD1/PDL1 blockade therapy in cancer patients. One of the most frequently occurring tumor-derived soluble NKG2D ligands, the soluble MHC I chain-related molecule (sMIC), can impair costimulation to CD8 T cells. We investigated whether cotargeting sMIC can provide optimal costimulation to CTLs and enhance the therapeutic effect of PD1/PDL1 blockades. Methods: Single-agent therapy of a PD1/PDL1 blockade antibody or a sMIC-targeting non-blocking antibody or a combination therapy of the two antibodies were applied to well-characterized preclinical MIC/sMIC+ tumor models that closely resemble the NKG2D-mediated oncoimmune dynamics of MIC+ cancer patients. Therapeutic efficacy and associated effector mechanisms were evaluated. Results: We show that antibody cotargeting sMIC enables or enhances the response of sMIC+ tumors to PD1/PD-L1 blockade therapy. The therapy response of the combination therapy was associated with enhanced antigen-specific CD8 T-cell enrichment and function in tumors. We show that cotargeting sMIC with a nonblocking antibody provides antigen-specific CD8 T cells with NKG2D and CD28 dual costimulation, in addition to elimination of inhibitory signals, and thus amplifies antigen-specific CD8 T-cell antitumor responses. Conclusion: Our findings provide the proof-of-concept rationale and previously undiscovered mechanisms for cotargeting sMIC to enable and enhance the response to PD1/PDL1 blockade therapy in sMIC+ cancer patients. Citation Format: Jinyu Zhang, Pablo Larrocha, Payal Dhar, Jennifer Wu. Antibody targeting tumor-derived soluble NKG2D ligand sMIC provides dual costimulation of CD8 T cells and enables sMIC+ tumors to respond to PD1/PD-L1 blockade therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2019 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A77.
¿Qué Dijeron?- What Did They Say?

This article examines the effects of language development among Hispanic women/Latinas and how such learning is shaped by bicultural and linguistic practices while navigating institutions of higher...
SME response to major exogenous shocks: The bright and dark sides of business model pivoting

Within this short commentary, we explore the notion of pivoting; following major exogenous shocks, firms often contemplate business model pivoting where they change product or service offerings to ...
Examination of ionoregulatory characteristics of South American cichlids.

Abstract We examined ionoregulatory traits of four cichlid species from South America, oscars (Astronotus ocellatus), Tapajos cichlids (Geophagus sp.), Macmaster's dwarf cichlids (Apistogramma macmasteri), and keyhole cichlids (Cleithracara maronii), all inhabitants of ion-poor waters. Km values for Na+ transport in fish held in 100 μmol L−1 Na+ water ranged from 49 to 143 μmol L−1, and Jmax values spanned 450 to 1205 nmol g−1 h−1. After one month in 1000 μmol L−1 Na+ water, kinetic parameters for Na+ uptake in three of the four species acclimated, but only oscars displayed the “typical” pattern of higher Km and lower Jmax values. Low pH water inhibited Na+ uptake (JinNa) in all, and stimulated Na+ efflux (JoutNa) 2.5 to 3.5-fold in three of the four species. Oscars alone had had a measurable JinNa at pH 3.5 and no stimulation of JoutNa. We measured JinNa in oscars and keyhole cichlids during exposure to 100 μmol L−1 Ethoxzolemide (EZ), an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, and 1 mmol L−1 NH4Cl (HEA). EZ inhibited JinNa by about 50% and HEA reduced JinNa by 80–90%. These results suggest that Na+ uptake involves H+ extrusion. Acute exposure to 1 μmol L−1 CuSO4 and 60 nmol L−1 AgNO3 inhibited JinNa in both species by 30–85%. Exposure of oscars to 5-fold higher concentrations of both metals did not further inhibit JinNa, but it did stimulate JoutNa 50–150%. The response to metals of both species are similar to other species that have been examined.
Blood Pressure Management Before, During, and After Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke.

There is an absence of specific evidence or guideline recommendations on blood pressure management for large vessel occlusion stroke patients. Until randomized data are available, the periprocedural blood pressure management of patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy can be viewed in two phases relative to the achievement of recanalization. In the hyperacute phase, prior to recanalization, hypotension should be avoided to maintain adequate penumbral perfusion. The American Heart Association guidelines should be followed for the upper end of prethrombectomy blood pressure: ≤185/110 mm Hg, unless post–tissue plasminogen activator administration when the goal is
The linked lives of young women with metastatic breast cancer.

With a growing number of young women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in the United States, it is important to consider how their diagnoses affect their relationships with others. The dual ident...
CONSOLIDATION WITH GRENADES, THAT IS, THE ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT IN JÁSZKARAJENŐ, 1922 A CHAPTER OF POLITICAL TERRORISM IN HUNGARY

In the 1920s, paramilitary violence was an almost natural phenomenon in Hungary, like in many other countries of Central Europe. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire the new right-wing government, establishing its power with the help of the Entente powers, could difficulty rule the quasi anarchistic conditions. In 1920–1921, Hungary was terrorized by irregular military formations that were formally part of the National Army, and radical right-wing soldiers committed serious crimes frequently by anti-Semitic motivations. Although paramilitary violence ceased in 1921, the militia movement lived on in the form of secret paramilitary organisations. The government used up these units, since the right-wing elite was afraid of another communist takeover, using them as auxiliary police forces, and they also wanted to circumvent the limitations of armament of the Treaty of Trianon, also aiming to cooperate with Austrian and German radical-right paramilitary groups including Hitler’s National Socialist movement as well. Irregular soldiers became concerned in political terrorism, several bomb outrages. Although the police did its best to investigate the cases, most perpetrators interestingly were not sent into prison. The age of the bomb raids, as the press of the opposition called this period, finally ended with the fact that murderous, anti-Semitic terrorists remained at large, and found their places in the authoritarian conservative regime of Hungary of the 1920s. The article reconstructs certain terroristic crimes committed by the members of irregular military formations, mainly the fortunately prevented grenade assassination plan of Jaszkarajenő via a micro-historical case study, based on archival records of criminal suits. Furthermore, beyond the analysis of the individual cases of three different, but interrelating bomb outrages, it intends to draw general conclusions about the controversial and complex relationship between the early Hungarian paramilitary radical right-wing movements and the government, considering that several paramilitary commanders operated as influential radical right-wing politicians as well. Keywords: political terrorism, anti-Semitism, paramilitary violence, radical right-wing movements, Hungarian political history.
Trust Miscalibration Is Sometimes Necessary: An Empirical Study and a Computational Model.

The literature on trust seems to have reached a consensus that appropriately calibrated trust in humans or machines is highly desirable; miscalibrated (i.e., over- or under-) trust has been thought to only have negative consequences (i.e., overreliance or underutilization). While not invalidating the general idea of trust calibration, a published computational cognitive model of trust in strategic interaction predicts that some local and temporary violations of the trust calibration principle are critical for sustained success in strategic situations characterized by interdependence and uncertainty (e.g., Trust game, Prisoner’s dilemma, and Hawk-dove). This paper presents empirical and computational modeling work aimed at testing the predictions of under- and over-trust in an extension of the trust game, the multi-arm trust game (MATG), that captures some important characteristics of real-world interpersonal and human-machine interactions, such as the ability to choose when and with whom to interact among multiple agents. As predicted by our previous model, we found that, under conditions of increased trust necessity, participants actively reconstructed their trust investment portfolios by discounting their trust in their previously trusted counterparts and attempting to develop trust with the counterparts that they previously distrusted. We argue that studying these exceptions of the principle of trust calibration might be critical for understanding long-term trust calibration in dynamic environments.
Intersexual Interactions in Heterogeneous Regimes: Potential Effects of Antagonistic Coevolution in Primate Groups

If individuals differ genetically and in their initial investments in reproduction, genetic conflicts of interest may favor responses (e.g., male coercion of females; cryptic female choice) to optimize an individual’s tradeoff of costs and benefits (to genotype and/or phenotype) relative to given abiotic or biotic (including social) conditions.
Pregnane X receptor- and CYP3A4-humanized mouse models and their applications

Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a pivotal nuclear receptor modulating xenobiotic metabolism primarily through its regulation of CYP3A4, the most important enzyme involved in drug metabolism in humans. Due to the marked species differences in ligand recognition by PXR, PXR-humanized (hPXR) mice, and mice expressing human PXR and CYP3A4 (Tg3A4/hPXR) were established. hPXR and Tg3A4/hPXR mice are valuable models for investigating the role of PXR in xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity, in lipid, bile acid and steroid hormone homeostasis, and in the control of inflammation.
Small Business & Nonprofit Business Planning Guide

Owning and operating your own business can be empowering and exciting. People often state their desire to be an entrepreneur and to someday own their own business. However, it is seldom discussed what kind of business it will be. It is important for every entrepreneur to step back and take an objective look at the business project as a whole. What is the big picture? One must first visualize the business. What is the primary purpose of the business? What products and/or services will it provide? What skills and abilities will you bring to the enterprise? Knowing what type of business is only the first step in the business planning process, but important because a solid business idea is the foundation upon which a thriving business will stand.
Michael Peter Smith and Matt Bakker, Citizenship Across Borders: The Political Transnationalism of El Migrante

As part of a sweeping electoral reform, the Mexican Congress in 1996 laid the legal groundwork for expatriate voting but did not follow through with implementing measures until elections 10 years later. Over the course of the next decade, the number of Mexicans living abroad, mostly in the United States, nearly doubled, the remittances they sent home became a significant factor in the Mexican economy, and a web of social and civic links developed between hometowns and their diasporas. The creation of legal structures permitting the exercise of citizenship rights in two countries and the extension of civic spaces across national boundaries are powerfully chronicled in Citizenship Across Borders: The Political Transformation of El Migrante (Cornell 2008). The authors, Michael Peter Smith, Distinguished Professor of Community Studies and Development at the University of California, Davis, and Matt Bakker, who is completing his PhD in sociology at Davis, set out to expand the formulation of transnationalism—too often limited to cultural and economic phenomena in their view—to include the political realm. Their focus thus rests on “key political spaces where practices of citizenship across national borders is being constructed,” and the book provides a vivid and valuable description of some of those spaces, but is somewhat less successful in advancing a theoretical argument about “political transnationalism.” The authors primarily counter two polar opposite views of migration’s impact on nationality in a globalized world: The nationalist view that sees a threat to countries of destination and the post-nationalist view that sees the nation state as declining in relevance altogether. Smith and Bakker argue almost polemically that the political transnationalism developing between the U.S. and Mexico contradicts both assessments, but they are less persuasive in presenting an affirmative argument about its nature and meaning. And, that may be due to the fact that they are depicting a historical development still very much in progress. Int. Migration & Integration (2011) 12:223–225 DOI 10.1007/s12134-011-0185-5
Metabolic mechanisms underlying IL-33 mediated Th2 polarization and allergic airway disease (IRM7P.494)

IL-33 is a recent IL-1 cytokine with emerging pleotropic functions. Experimental studies have suggested that IL-33 supports Treg responses, drives CD8+ T cell IFN-γ production, and acts as a potent mediator of Th2 responses. The current study tests the hypothesis that IL-33 modulates mDC gene expression and pathway activities facilitating Th2 polarization. Using gene expression and efficiency analysis, we identified multiple genes involved in iron homeostasis and metabolism which were upregulated in mDC by IL-33. Desferrioxamine (DFO) was utilized to assess the impact of blocking mDC iron uptake during IL-33 stimulation on subsequent Th2 polarization and capacity to stimuli allergic airway disease (AAD). Generation of CD4+IL-5+ Th2 cells by IL-33-exposed DC was ablated by iron chelation, resulting in decreased IL-5 production and cellular proliferation. However, induced Th1 responses were unaffected in DFO-treated LPS-stimulated DC. Using an OVA/IL-33 mDC induced model of AAD, blocking DC iron uptake with DFO decreased several phenotypic hallmarks of the disease, including IgE (p<0.05) and IL-33 production in the lungs of animals. In conclusion, iron uptake is necessary for IL-33 generation of pro-inflammatory DC supporting Th2 polarization. Blocking iron uptake in a model of mDC induced AAD alters disease phenotype when compared to control animals. These data suggest that regulation of iron uptake may be a potential mechanism behind IL-33 induction of Th2 responses.
Line-Sum Symmetry via the DomEig Algorithm

We propose a new algorithm, the DomEig algorithm, for obtaining the line-sum-symmetric similarity-scaling of a given irreducible, essentially nonnegative matrix A. It is based on results concerning the minimum dominant eigenvalue of an essentially nonnegative matrix under trace-preserving perturbations of its diagonal. In this note we relate the minimum dominant eigenvalue problem to the problem of determining the diagonal scaling matrix for line-sum-symmetry. We present the DomEig algorithm, prove its convergence, and discuss briefly the results of a comparison of this algorithm with another algorithm, the DSS algorithm, often used for line-sum symmetry. The experiments suggest that, for matrices of order greater than 50, the convergence rate, measured either in flop counts or CPU time, is significantly greater for DomEig than for DSS, with the improvement in rate increasing as the order increases. The algorithm may be useful in such applications as the scaling of large social accounting matrices.
The News Media's Prospective Accountability Function: Explaining Variable Press Support for Access to Government Information Laws in Six Latin American Countries

Theoretically and empirically, this paper makes the case for re-conceptualizing how we evaluate a news media that keeps government accountable. Particularly in developing democracies, the dominant watchdog paradigm tells us increasingly little about news media independence and government effectiveness. The watchdog suggests retrospective accountability - digging up past abuses of authority. But scholarship has neglected the crucial flipside, the prospective accountability function of the press - coverage of key reforms and remedial measures. This paper evaluates coverage of a key prospective reform - access to government information laws. It analyzes media campaigns for the right in six Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Mexico and Uruguay. I find striking variation in coverage, weaker in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay and considerably stronger coverage in Chile, Guatemala and Mexico. Two explanatory frameworks - one structural and systemic the other institutional and contingent - suggest tentative explanations to account for this variation. First, in line with media concentration theories, centralized markets and dominant firms tend to be associated with less prospective coverage. Second, coverage of prospective reform tends to proliferate under legislatively compromised political leaders but not under stronger leaders. This pattern holds notwithstanding vital right-to-know movements and policy activity. Both explanations lend credence to the idea that prospective coverage is assigned in a politically opportunistic manner.
A metabolically healthy obese phenotype in hispanic participants in the IRAS family study.

Objective: Some obese individuals appear to be protected from developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This has led to characterizing body size phenotypes based on cardiometabolic risk factors specifically as obese or overweight, and as metabolically healthy (MH) or metabolically abnormal (MA) based upon blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory parameters. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of and describe fat distribution across these phenotypes in a minority population. Design and Methods: Hispanic participants (N = 1054) in the IRAS Family Study were categorized into different body size phenotypes. Computed tomography (CT) abdominal scans were evaluated for measures of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and abdominal fat distribution. Statistical models adjusting for familial relationships were estimated. Results: Seventy percent (70%) of the Hispanic cohort was overweight (32%) or obese (38%). Forty-one percent (n = 138) of overweight participants and 19% (n = 74) of obese participants met criteria for MH. Adjusted analyses showed the MH phenotype was associated with lower visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and higher liver density (indicating lower fat content) in obese participants (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.0002, respectively), and lower VAT but not liver density in overweight participants (p = 0.008 and p = 0.162, respectively) compared to their MA counterparts. Odds of NAFLD were reduced in MH obese (OR = 0.34, p = 0.0007) compared to MA obese. VAT did not differ between MH obese or overweight and normal weight groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that lower levels of visceral and liver fat, despite overall increased total body fat, may be a defining feature of MH obesity in Hispanic Americans.
A program in mass family planning for the urban indigent in a charity hospital.

Abstract In September 1962, a family planning service was begun in the postpartum clinic of Grady Hospital, a municipal institution with 7,000 births yearly. This program was designed to meet the urgent public health and obstetric needs of an indigent population characterized by high maternal mortality rates, high premature and perinatal mortality rates, high birth rates typical of a population with roots in the rural South, and a clearly expressed desire for accurate information and effective family planning services. During a 3 year experience in group teaching and mass motivation, policies and procedures appropriate to a public health setting have evolved. The service has been voluntary but systematically publicized on the delivery wards, leading to a significant increase in the postpartum return rate. All methods are offered, but acceptance, of intrauterine contraception has been encouraged by a philosophy of instruction which emphasizes the advantages of this method of contraception rather than “cafeteria choice.” An analysis of costs establishes the postpartum setting as a particularly inexpensive one for family planning services.
Satisfaction with End‐of‐Life Care for Nursing Home Residents with Advanced Dementia

OBJECTIVES To identify factors associated with satisfaction with care for healthcare proxies (HCPs) of nursing home (NH) residents with advanced dementia.
Critical behavior of four-terminal conductance of bilayer graphene domain walls

Bilayer graphene in a perpendicular electric field can host domain walls between regions of reversed field direction or interlayer stacking. The gapless modes propagating along these domain walls, while not strictly topological, nevertheless have interesting physical properties, including valley-momentum locking. A junction where two domain walls intersect forms the analog of a quantum point contact. We study theoretically the critical behavior of this junction near the pinch-off transition, which is controlled by two separate classes of nontrivial quantum critical points. For strong interactions, the junction can host phases of unique charge and valley conductances. For weaker interactions, the low-temperature charge conductance can undergo one of two possible quantum phase transitions, each characterized by a specific critical exponent and a collapse to a universal scaling function, which we compute.
Supportive care for patients with pulmonary complications of connective tissue disease.

Patients with connective tissue disease often suffer from pulmonary complications, including interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension. Supportive care for these patients aims to relieve symptoms and improve activity level and quality of life. A holistic approach to the management of patients with advanced connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary disorders includes a full assessment of patient symptoms as well as a careful search for side effects of treatment and treatable comorbidities. This article addresses supportive measures such as supplemental oxygen and pulmonary rehabilitation. Issues related to quality of life, sleep disturbances, and identification of mood disorders are discussed. In addition, we review significant comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Essential facets of advanced lung disease, including mechanical ventilation, lung transplantation, end-of-life care, and hospice, are covered.