cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measuring dynamical behavior of admolecules — ESDIAD studies near the zero point

Abstract The Electron Stimulated Desorption Ion Angular Distribution (ESDIAD) method has been used to measure the dynamical behavior of admolecules on a Cu(110) surface. Two studies are reported: First a precursor NH 3 species to the chemisorbed NH 3 state was observed by adsorption at 32 K and the conversion to the chemisorbed state was witnessed at 55 K. ESDIAD was used to measure the configurational change, which occurs during the conversion. Second, anisotropic zero-point frustrated translational energy of chemisorbed CO was measured by time-of-flight ESDIAD.
Structure and Mechanisms of Lysine Methylation Recognition by the Chromodomain in Gene Transcription

Histone methylation recognition is accomplished by a number of evolutionarily conserved protein domains, including those belonging to the methylated lysine-binding Royal family of structural folds. One well-known member of the Royal family, the chromodomain, is found in the HP1/chromobox and CHD subfamilies of proteins, in addition to a small number of other proteins that are involved in chromatin remodeling and gene transcriptional silencing. Here we discuss the structure and function of the chromodomain within these proteins as methylated histone lysine binders and how the functions of these chromodomains can be modulated by additional post-translational modifications or binding to nucleic acids.
Bed-height dynamics of expanded beds

In this work, we develop a distributed-parameter model which is capable of predicting the dynamic response of bed height as a function of the salient properties of the solid and fluid phases. We show that a model which captures both the convective and dispersive nature of solid transport in a solid-liquid fluidized bed can adequately predict the bed-height evolution under both step increases and step decreases in the fluidization velocity. The convective term is described by an augmented form of the Richardson-Zaki expression. We propose a novel Bingham-like model to describe the diffusive characteristics of the solid-liquid system. It is shown that the dispersion scales as a function of the dimensionless column-average solid velocity, which is proportional to a yield stress. When this velocity is large, as in the initial period after a step change, the dispersion mechanism is not operable in the system. After the column-average solid velocity drops below a critical level, the dispersion mode is operable. A series of experiments were performed for both step increases and step decreases in the fluidization velocity. Model predictions for the bed-height transients are in good agreement with experimental data.
Computational and experimental investigation of morphology in thermoplastic elastomer gels composed of AB/ABA blends in B-selective solvent

Thermoplastic elastomer gels (TPEGs) are physically associating gels composed of ABA triblock copolymers that are highly swollen with a B selective solvent. A unique feature of TPEGs, when compared to typical chemically crosslinked gels, is that the properties are dictated by a combination of nano-scale block copolymer morphology and chain level structure. In this paper, we use dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations to examine TPEGs composed of a binary mixture of AB and ABA block copolymers in a B-compatible solvent. The diblock and triblock differ in the block length, where the A and B block of the diblock chains are larger than those of the triblock. The DPD simulations illustrated numerous morphologies of these AB/ABA gels characterized by formation of pure and mixed micelles of various compositions, structures, and sizes. In addition, the ABA/AB copolymer ratio and processing conditions impacted the structural and mechanical properties of these blends. The simulation results were utilized to establish factors that affect an intermicellar distance and bridging chain fraction. The DPD-based morphology predictions were compared with experimental data based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) with good agreement.
Polarization dependent fragmentation of ions produced by laser desorption from nanopost arrays

Tailored silicon nanopost arrays (NAPA) enable controlled and resonant ion production in laser desorption ionization experiments and have been termed nanophotonic ion sources (Walker et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2010, 114, 4835–4840). As the post dimensions are comparable to or smaller than the laser wavelength, near-field effects and localized electromagnetic fields are present in their vicinity. In this contribution, we explore the desorption and ionization mechanism by studying how surface derivatization affects ion yields and fragmentation. We demonstrate that by increasing the laser fluence on derivatized NAPA with less polar surfaces that have decreased interaction energy between the structured silicon substrate and the adsorbate, the spectrum changes from exhibiting primarily molecular ions to showing a growing variety and abundance of fragments. The polarization angle of the laser beam had been shown to dramatically affect the ion yields of adsorbates. For the first time, we report that by rotating the plane of polarization of the desorption laser, the internal energy of the adsorbate can also be modulated resulting in polarization dependent fragmentation. This polarization effect also resulted in selective fragmentation of vitamin B12. To explore the internal energy of NAPA generated ions, the effect of the post aspect ratios on the laser desorption thresholds and on the internal energy of a preformed ion was studied. Elevated surface temperatures and enhanced near fields in the vicinity of high aspect ratio posts are thought to contribute to desorption and ionization from NAPA. Comparison of the fluence dependence of the internal energies of ions produced from nanoporous silicon and NAPA substrates indicates that surface restructuring or transient melting by the desorption laser is a prerequisite for the former but not for the latter.
Site-Specific Fluorescence Reveals Distinct Structural Changes Induced in the Human ρ1 GABA Receptor by Inhibitory Neurosteroids

The rho 1 GABA receptor is inhibited by a number of neuroactive steroids. A previous study (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 323:236-247, 2007) focusing on the electrophysiological effects of inhibitory steroids on the rho 1 receptor found that steroid inhibitors could be divided into three major groups based on how mutations to residues in the M2 transmembrane domain modified inhibition. It was proposed that the steroids act through distinct mechanisms. We selected representatives of the three groups (pregnanolone, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, pregnanolone sulfate, allopregnanolone sulfate, and beta-estradiol) and probed how these steroids, as well as the nonsteroidal inhibitor picrotoxinin, modify GABA-elicited fluorescence changes from the Alexa 546 C5 maleimide fluorophore attached to residues in the extracellular region of the receptor. The fluorophore responds with changes in quantum yield to changes in the environment, allowing it to probe for structural changes taking place during channel activation or modulation. The results indicate that the modulators have specific effects on fluorescence changes suggesting that distinct conformational changes accompany inhibition. The findings are consistent with the steroids acting as allosteric inhibitors of the rho 1 GABA receptor and support the hypothesis that divergent mechanisms underlie the action of inhibitory steroids on the rho 1 GABA receptor.
Real-time Process Monitoring and Temperature Mapping of a 3D Polymer Printing Process

An extended-range IR camera was used to make temperature measurements of samples as they are being manufactured. The objective is to quantify the temperature variation of the parts as they are being fabricated. The IR camera was also used to map the temperature within the build volume of the oven. The development of the temperature map of the oven provides insight into the global temperature variation within the oven that may lead to understanding variations in the properties of parts as a function of build location within the oven. The observation of the temperature variation of a part during construction provides insight into how the deposition process itself creates temperature distributions, which can lead to failure.
The N-terminal prion domain of Ure2p converts from an unfolded to a thermally resistant conformation upon filament formation.

Abstract According to the “amyloid backbone” model of Ure2p prionogenesis, the N-terminal domain of Ure2p polymerizes to form an amyloid filament backbone surrounded by the C-terminal domains. The latter domains retain their native glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-like fold but are sterically inactivated from their regulatory role in nitrogen catabolism. We have tested this model by differential scanning calorimetry of soluble and filamentous Ure2p and of soluble C-terminal domains, combined with electron microscopy. As predicted, the C-terminal domains respond to thermal perturbation identically in all three states, exhibiting a single endotherm at 76 °C. In contrast, no thermal signal was associated with the N-terminal domains: in the soluble state of Ure2p, because they are unfolded; in the filamentous state, because their robust amyloid conformation resists heating to 100 °C.
Free running time to digital converter with 1 nanosecond resolution

A description is given of a number of time-to-digital converters (TDCs) that have been built with 1-ns resolution. They can run for long times and be used with triggers that arrive immediately or several microseconds after the event of interest. The TDCs are very linear, with a standard deviation of less than 0.53 ns. The discussion covers the timing method, tolerances, multiplexing, Fastbus implementation, the clock-clear board, fabrication, and performance. >
Exergy Versus Energy Analysis: Advantages and Disadvantages in Teaching of Thermodynamics

In a course of thermodynamics, in general, and gas turbine analysis, in particular as stand alone or within a cogeneration situation, teaching within the concepts of energy or exergy has become controversial particularly since most teachers of thermodynamics at the undergraduate level are not too familiar with the advantages of exergy analysis and thus do not cover the material from that point of view. In this paper, we will go through the pedagogical implications of teaching thermodynamics using both approaches and attempt to show and convince people that exergetic analyses are superior to any other approach in the teaching of thermodynamics. The bottom line and the ultimate goal is the precise teaching of the subject matter.© 2012 ASME
Effects of pH on Expression of Sodium Fluoride Resistance in Streptococcus mutans

Stable fluoride-resistant mutants of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 were isolated on Todd-Hewitt agar by a step-wise selection procedure. Resistance is defined here as the ability to form colonies in 48 hr. First-step mutants demonstrated six different levels of resistance, ranging from 400 to 1000 μg/mL sodium fluoride. Second-step mutants demonstrated two levels of resistance, one at 1600 and the highest at 3000 μg/mL sodium fluoride. All mutants (originally isolated at pH 7.2) were tested for fluoride resistance at pH 5 and 6. At these lower pH values, all of the mutants demonstrated resistance to fluoride when compared with the parent strain, but at much-reduced levels.
Structure and chiroptical properties of supramolecular flower pigments

Research over the last 30 years has shown that at physiological concentrations of ca. 5 × 10−3 M, flower pigments composed of anthocyanins, either alone or complexed with flavone copigments, and frequently with metals, are self-assembled into non-covalent, chiral supramolecular complexes. This serves several biological functions including color stability, protection against UV radiation and provision for specific colors to attract insects for pollination. Self-association of the monomers takes place under conditions of molecular crowding by precise matching of the π–π stacking interactions of the aromatic chromophores and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the attached sugars. The resulting handedness is controlled by the chiral information provided by the sugars joined glycosidically at certain positions around the periphery of the aromatic nuclei. This review gives an overview of (i) the physicochemical evidence including circular dichroism, 1H NMR, and X-ray analysis for the structure and supramolecular chirality of these amphiphilic complexes, (ii) the role of the sugars on directing the chirality of the resulting supramolecules, (iii) the energetics of monomer association, and (iv) the possible influence of stacking chirality on insect pollination. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Chirality 18:134–144, 2006.
Time Series of the Abundance of the Post-larvae of the Crabs Cancer magister and Cancer spp. on the Southern Oregon Coast and Their Cross-shelf Transport

Using stationary zooplankton nets that fished the tidal current we measured the daily abundance ofCancer crab megalopae near the mouth of Coos Bay, Oregon, during the 1997 spring settlement season. During the spring of 1997, the coastal waters were dominated by a significant El Nino event. Sea surface temperatures (SST) were higher than normal, upwelling indices were an order of magnitude smaller than during the two previous springs, and upwelling favorable winds were weak. Daily catches ofCancer magister megalopae ranged from 0 to 78 with 61% of the total catch occurring during four pulses. Peak catches tended to occur every 13.6 d close to 13.8 d average period between spring tides. Significant cross correlations were found between the maximum daily tidal range and the catch ofC. magister megalopae; large catches tended to occur 4 to 7 d after the spring tide. Daily catches ofCancer oregonensis andCancer productus ranged from 0 to 307 with catch significantly positively cross correlated to the maximum daily tidal range at a lag of −5 days suggesting that the largest catches tended to occur after the spring tides. We hypothesize that a tidally-generated phenomenon internal waves, transportedCancer megalopae shoreward and caused the observed variation in their abundance in Coos Bay.
Geodynamical interpretation of a major unconformity in the Taconic Foredeep: slide scar or onlap unconformity?

Abstract The Middle Ordovician ribbon limestones of the Dolgeville Formation (Trenton Group) and the overlying black shales of the Utica Group were deposited as the Laurentian continental plate impinged upon a Taconic trench. A prominent unconformity separates the two units in the central Mohawk Valley region (the “Thruway unconformity”), and this unconformity locally bevels the crests of soft-sediment folds. The Thruway unconformity has been described both as a locally developed feature and as a major boundary underlying a transgressive systems tract. Paleoflow measurements in the central Mohawk Valley region demonstrate that in the Dolgeville Formation the paleoflow was not directed easterly; rather, it was directed primarily southwesterly, parallel to syndepositional faults. Paleoflow directions in the overlying Utica Group remain the same as those in the Dolgeville Formation in locations removed from the syndepositional faults, but change direction at several sites close to faults. These prominent changes in paleoflow direction can be ascribed to (1) fault block rotation that redirected the regional paleoflow, and (2) fault scarps that redirected the regional paleoflow. Slump folds occur immediately below the unconformity at most sites in the central Mohawk Valley region. The different slump trajectories across the region and the different relative timing of the slumps suggest that they represent several discrete slumps. Regional chronostratigraphy also demonstrates that the hiatus at the unconformity differs in duration among the fault blocks. That the unconformity represents different discrete time intervals at different sites, and that at most sites slump folding lies directly beneath the unconformity, strongly suggests that the unconformity in the central part of the Mohawk Valley first developed as a series of slide (slump) scars, rather than as a direct response to changes in the eustatic sea level. The sediment slides (or slumps) probably developed in response to changes in slope from fault block rotations and to increased seismic activity along the nearby faults. These effects were, in turn, results of the plate bending as it entered the trench. The local reversal in fault motion, as documented by growth fault geometries and inferred paleoslopes, as well as the ubiquity of slumps, suggests that the Thruway unconformity records a time of unusual fault activity. Such activity may have been related to a changing stress field in response to plate motion (e.g., changing convergence rates or plate location relative to the peripheral bulge).
Human myometrial adrenergic receptors during pregnancy: Identification of the α-adrenergic receptor by [3H] dihydroergocryptine binding

The radioactive α-adrenergic antagonist [ 3 H] dihydroergocryptine binds to particulate preparations of term pregnant human myometrium in a manner compatible with binding to the α-adrenergic receptor (α-receptor). [ 3 H] Dihydroergocryptine binds with high affinity (K D = 2 nmol/L and low capacity (receptor concentration=100 fmollmg of protein). Adrenergic agonists compete for [ 3 H] dihydroergocryptine binding sites stereo-selectively ([−]-norepinephrine is 100 times as potent as [+]-norepinephrine) and in a manner compatible with α-adrenergic potencies (epinephrine ≅ norepinephrine ≫ isoproterenol). Studies in which prazosin, an α 1 -antagonist, and yohimbine, and α 2 -antagonist, competed for [ 3 H] dihydroergocryptine binding sites in human myometrium indicated that approximately 70% are α 2 -receptors and that 30% are α 1 -receptors. [ 3 H] dihydroergocryptine binding to human myometrial membrane particulate provides an important tool with which to study the molecular mechanisms of uterine α-adrenergic response.
The Decolonial Imaginary: Writing Chicanas into History

Emma Perez discusses the historical methodology which has created Chicano history. Then borrowing from theorists and philosophers of history, Michel Foucault, Juan Gomez-Quinones, Homi Bhabha, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, and Hayden White as well as cultural feminist critics Gloria Anzaldu(accute)a, Teresa de Lauretis, Antonia Castaneda, Deena Gonzalez, Chela Sandoval, the author argues that the Chicano historical narrative has often omitted gender. She poses a theory which rejects the coloniser's methodological assumptions and examines new tools for uncovering the hidden voices of Chicanas who have been relegated to silence.Within that silence, she uncovers what she describes as 'third space feminism'. By traversing political borders and disciplinary boundaries, the text moves from geographic spaces in the Yucatan to California and Texas in and around the Mexican Revolution of 1910. Perez examines Yucatan's socialist revolution, the international revolutionary movement El Partido Liberal Mexicano, and the Club Femenino Chapultepec.In these case studies 'new voices' come into existence to shape knowledge about Chicanas, constructing identities and feminisms which cross borders and boundaries. The last chapter critiques the tale of La Malinche, the translator and alleged lover to Cortes'; a recent film, "Silent Tongue," the story of an Indian woman; Delgadeio, the object of desire in a popular corrido; and Selina, the slain Tex-Mex popular singer who practiced her own cultural feminism in sexualized performances. The historical case studies and contemporary cultural phenomena employ the concept of decolonial imaginary and demonstrate its usefulness as a tool to rewrite Chicana history.
Activated macrophages kill tumor cells independent of membrane fluidity.

Abstract By using electron spin resonance techniques and 5-doxyl stearate spin labels, we have measured the apparent membrane fluidities of several kinds of macrophages. The tested cells included non-cytolytic thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages and either cytolytic or non-cytolytic macrophages isolated from regressing Moloney sarcomas. Our results indicated no characteristic plasma membrane fluidity that distinguishes killer macrophages from their non-killing couterparts. Furthermore, no relationship existed between the generalized plasma membrane fluidities of activated macrophages and the neoplastic target cells that they killed.
Warning: Offshore payments watched more closely

Many in the Caribbean who heralded President Obama's election as the dawn of a new day may be sobered by the administration's increased scrutiny of U.S. payments to offshore accounts. What is the Obama administration planning? © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Steady‐state turbulence with a narrow inertial range

Coupled two‐dimensional wave equations are solved on a computer to model Langmuir wave turbulence excited by a weak electron beam. The model includes wave growth due to beam–plasma interaction, and dissipation by Landau damping. The inertial range is limited to a relatively small number of modes such as could occur when the ratio of masses between the negative and positive ions is larger than in a hydrogen plasma, or when there is damping in long wavelength Langmuir waves. A steady state is found consisting of quasistable, collapsed wave packets. The effects of different beam parameters and the assumed narrow inertial range are considered. The results may be relevant to plasma turbulence observed in connection with type III solar bursts.
Fine-resolution astronomical imaging with phase-diverse speckle

Phase-diverse speckle imaging is a novel post-detection correction technique for use in imaging through atmospheric turbulence. When the wavelength dependence is introduced, the data-collection model and problem statement are seen to accommodate a variety of existing and proposed data-collection schemes, including speckle imaging, multi-frame blind deconvolution, deconvolution with wavefront sensing, and hybrid adaptive optics.
Continuous lower extremity techniques

Continuous regional anesthesia techniques have a wide range of application for surgical procedures involving the lower extremity. Continuous catheters may be efficiently placed in the perineural spaces surrounding the lumbar plexus, the femoral nerve, and the sciatic nerve with the aid of peripheral nerve stimulation. In addition, catheters may be placed by the surgeon under direct visualization of an exposed nerve sheath after surgical procedures such as amputation and limb salvage. These techniques provide excellent pain relief while decreasing or eliminating side effects associated with parenteral narcotic administration and epidural anesthesia.
Intravascular high frequency two-dimensional ultrasound detection of arterial dissection and intimal flaps

Abstract The anatomy of an arterial lesion has important prognostic and therapeutic implications. Current advances in interventional therapy for coronary and peripheral arterial disease have emphasized the need for more detailed morphologic information on the arterial anatomy than that derived from contrast angiography. Contrast arteriography can display dimensional narrowing of an artery. Other abnormalities such as atheromas, thrombi and dissections are not demonstrated in sufficient detail by arteriography. With fiberoptic angioscopy, some of these abnormalities can be visualized but this technique is cumbersome, requiring intermittent arterial occlusions and injections of clear fluid. Further, arterial wall architecture cannot be evaluated by fiberoptic angioscopy. Among alternate means of imaging an artery, intravascular high frequency ultrasound imaging appears promising. In vitro and in vivo studies from our laboratory and others have shown that catheter-based high frequency intravascular ultrasound imaging can provide information on the arterial wall and luminal size, and detect atheroma. 1–6 Whether this approach can identify arterial abnormalities such as small dissections and intimal flaps, commonly associated with arterial diseases, is not known. In this study we evaluated the potential of intravascular ultrasound imaging in the detection of arterial dissection and delineation of flaps from the arterial wall.
A simple explanation of the induced size effect

Abstract When a meridional lens is oriented axis vertical before one eye, the horizontal magnification produces a tilting of visual space in the third dimension which is predictable from the geometry of binocular parallax. When, however, the lens is oriented axis horizontal so that the magnification is vertical, a distortion of space occurs which is similar to the tilting caused by the presence of a lens oriented axis vertical over the other eye. It has commonly been believed that this phenomenon, known as the induced size effect, has no geometric explanation, and is an anomalous stereoscopic response to vertical disparities. An explanation is presented which accounts for the induced effect in terms of actual horizontal disparities between vertically magnified oblique lines, and disparities of the two-dimensional spatial spectra of the two eyes.
Two patients with the V37I/235delC genotype: are radiographic cochlear anomalies part of the phenotype?

Summary We present two East Asian patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and compound heterozygosity for the 235delC and V37I mutations in the GJB2 gene. One patient has a unilaterally enlarged vestibular aqueduct, which underscores the importance of routine CT examination in children with SNHL, even if GJB2 (connexin 26) mutations have been identified. The second patient was not available for evaluation by CT. The pathogenic role of the V37I mutation has been controversial. We review the literature and present evidence in support of pathogenicity. Larger studies in compound heterozygous individuals and co-transfection studies will allow better genotype–phenotype correlations and prognostication.
A time-to-prescription-refill measure of antiretroviral adherence predicted changes in viral load in HIV

Abstract Objective The goal of this study was to determine the validity and utility of a pharmacy-based time-to-refill measure of antiretroviral therapy adherence. Methods We performed an observational cohort study of 110 HIV-infected subjects on a stable, highly active antiretroviral regimen for at least 3 months at a Veterans' Affairs Medical Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Results The viral load decreased by 0.12 log c/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01–0.23 log c/mL) for each 10% increase in pharmacy-based time-to-refill defined adherence as compared with 0.05 log c/mL (95% CI −0.14–0.25 log c/mL) for the self-reported adherence measure. Thus, only the refill-defined measure was statistically significantly associated with viral load change. When adherence was classified as good (≥85%) versus poor ( P =.03). Conclusions The pharmacy-based technique is a valid measure of antiretroviral therapy adherence. Because it provides clinically relevant information in subjects who self-report 100% adherence, it should be incorporated into clinical practice and adherence research.
Meteorological factors and timing of the initiating event of human parturition.

The aim of this study was to determine whether meteorological factors are associated with the timing of either onset of labor with intact membranes or rupture of membranes prior to labor—together referred to as ‘the initiating event’ of parturition. All patients delivering at Evanston Hospital after spontaneous labor or rupture of membranes at ≥20 weeks of gestation over a 6-month period were studied. Logistic regression models of the initiating event of parturition using clinical variables (maternal age, gestational age, parity, multiple gestation and intrauterine infection) with and without the addition of meteorological variables (barometric pressure, temperature and humidity) were compared. A total of 1,088 patients met the inclusion criteria. Gestational age, multiple gestation and chorioamnionitis were associated with timing of initiation of parturition (P < 0.01). The addition of meteorological to clinical variables generated a statistically significant improvement in prediction of the initiating event; however, the magnitude of this improvement was small (less than 2% difference in receiver-operating characteristic score). These observations held regardless of parity, fetal number and gestational age. Meteorological factors are associated with the timing of parturition, but the magnitude of this association is small.
Modeling of waterjet guided laser grooving of silicon

Waterjet guided laser processing is an internationally patented technique based on guiding a laser inside a thin, high-speed waterjet. The process combines the advantages of laser processing with those of waterjet cutting and offers promise as a method for processing thin and heat sensitive materials with a high degree of precision. An improved understanding of the complex interaction between laser, waterjet, and workpiece is required to enable the process to achieve its potential. A model for waterjet guided laser grooving of silicon is presented that treats the energy input of the laser, the cooling effect of the waterjet, and the melting and removal of the silicon. The thermal process is represented in detail in the new method. The model is validated by comparisons of simulation and experimental results, and the simulation provides insight regarding the details of the interactions among laser, waterjet, and workpiece.
Large Scale Verification of MPI Programs Using Lamport Clocks with Lazy Update

We propose a dynamic verification approach for large-scale message passing programs to locate correctness bugs caused by unforeseen nondeterministic interactions. This approach hinges on an efficient protocol to track the causality between nondeterministic message receive operations and potentially matching send operations. We show that causality tracking protocols that rely solely on logical clocks fail to capture all nuances of MPI program behavior, including the variety of ways in which nonblocking calls can complete. Our approach is hinged on formally defining the matches-before relation underlying the MPI standard, and devising lazy update logical clock based algorithms that can correctly discover all potential outcomes of nondeterministic receives in practice. can achieve the same coverage as a vector clock based algorithm while maintaining good scalability. LLCP allows us to analyze realistic MPI programs involving a thousand MPI processes, incurring only modest overheads in terms of communication bandwidth, latency, and memory consumption.
Fine specificity of the H‐2 linked immune response gene for the gallinaceous lysozymes

An immune response (Ir) gene is described which controls the abilityof mice to respond to seven very closely related gallinaceous egg white lysozymes (GEL This Ir-GEL gene locus is linked to the major histocompatibility locus of the mouse and operates at the level of the T cell. Responsiveness to the nonimmunogenic prototype hen egg white lysozyme(HEL) is dominant and is unrelated to age or sex of the animals, or to dose of protein administered. Ninety percent of C57BL/6 mice are absolute nonresponders to thenonimmun genic lysozymes in complete Freund's adjuvant. The remaining mice exhibit severely restricted responses, with different anti-HEL clonotypes appearing in individual mice. The fine specificity of the Ir-GEL locus is evident in the discrimination of as few as two amino acid differences in a single region of the lysozyme molecule. This very precise distinction determines whether there will, or will not, be any response to the multideterminant molecule.
The Role of Market‐Value Accounting in Reducing Potential Taxpayer Subsidies: The Case of Deposit Insurance

The federal deposit insurance program required billions of dollars in taxpayer subsidies in recent years. Unless reforms are initiated soon, the program will continue to incur losses and will likely sizeable require subsidies in the future. Some of the blame for the past losses of the deposit insurance program has been attributed to the regulatory discretion and lack of information on the potential losses arising from the exercise of regulatory discretion. It is often argued that market-value accounting can be an effective check on regulatory discretion and can minimize the future costs of the program to the taxpayers. This study examines the role market-value accounting can play in reducing the potential taxpayer subsidies to the program. It examines the relationship between accounting system and losses to the deposit insurance program, discusses the problems in implementing the market-value accounting, and shows how market-value accounting can improve the effectiveness of the system of public regulation and reduce the adverse financial consequences of regulatory discretion. While the direct focus of the article is on the deposit insurance reform, the discussion and the arguments have applicability to improving the regulatory effectiveness of other public agencies and programs.
Social Worker-Teacher Collaboration in the Classroom: Help for Elementary Students at Risk of Failure

Objective: Social worker-teacher classroom collaboration (SWTCC) is an innovative model of intervention for at-risk elementary school children in which a social worker and a teacher work together in the same classroom. The model was evaluated to determine whether or not the intervention improved attendance, classroom behavior, and grades. Method: SWTCC was implemented using social work interns in two classrooms in an urban elementary school in Albany, New York. The classrooms were chosen because they had high proportions of children displaying attendance, behavioral, and academic difficulties. The model was evaluated through a quasi-experimental design in which two classrooms receiving the intervention were compared with two similar classrooms that did not receive it. Results: A repeated measures ANOVA indicated that the intervention classrooms surpassed the comparisons classrooms in respect to attendance and a number of behavioral variables. There were no significant differences in grades. Social worker,...
Boundary-constrained morphological skeleton minimization and skeleton reconstruction

A new algorithm for minimizing a morphological skeleton entitled boundary-constrained skeleton minimization (BCSM), as well as a new algorithm for reconstructing an original image from its minimized skeletal structure termed boundary-constrained skeleton reconstruction (BCSR), are proposed. The new algorithms are shown to reduce data storage requirements from (N+1) binary images represented as separate skeleton subsets with their corresponding indices, to 2 binary images composed of a binary morphological skeleton and its corresponding morphological boundary structure. In addition to a reduction in memory storage, BCSM and BCSR result in substantial savings in computational complexity. The proposed algorithms are evaluated in the context of image analysis and coding, and their performance is compared to previous algorithms proposed by Serra (1982, 1988) and by Maragos and Schafer (1986). Sample evaluations indicate a greater than 22-fold savings in computational requirements and 11-fold reduction in memory requirements. >
The Emergence of Complex Metallurgy on the Iranian Plateau: Escaping the Levantine Paradigm

Models for the development of metallurgy in Southwest Asia have for a long time been focussed on research carried out in the lowland regions of the Levant and Mesopotamia. These models do not take into account the different developmental trajectories witnessed in the resource-rich highlands of Anatolia, the Caucasus, and Iran. In this paper, the beginnings of the use and production of metals in Iran will be juxtaposed with a cursory overview of the lowland model (the ‘Levantine Paradigm’) in order to highlight these differences. By synthesizing data from a number of current research projects exploring the early metallurgy of the Iranian Plateau, this paper demonstrates how at least one of the highland regions of Southwest Asia was at the very forefront of technological innovation from the seventh through the second millennium BC.
Fatigue of a particulate reinforced aluminium metal matrix composite subjected to axial, torsional and combined axial/torsional loading conditions

The goals in this research were to analytically and experimentally investigate the fatigue behavior of a particulate reinforced metal matrix composite subjected to axial, torsional and combined axial/torsional loadings. A series of fully-reversed uniaxial, torsional and combined axial/torsional fatigue tests were performed on a 6061/Al 2 0 3 /20p-T6 metal matrix composite material. This research investigated the ability of the Fatemi-Kurath and the Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) damage parameters to correlate the experimentally obtained fatigue life data and also to represent the fatigue life using uniaxial strain-life constants. The Fatemi-Kurath damage parameter correlated the experimental fatigue data from all loading cases better than the SWT damage parameter. Using uniaxial strain-life constants, both damage parameters predicted fairly reasonable fatigue life calculations for the intermediate fatigue lives (10 3 to 10 4 cycles to failure), while producing non-conservative results for the shorter fatigue lives (<10 3 cycles to failure).
Introduction [to “Transactions of 1936”]

The American Geophysical Union was established in 1919 as the American Committee of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, and its Executive Committee is the Committee on Geophysics of the National Research Council. The objects of the Union are to promote the study of problems concerned with the figure and physics of the Earth, to initiate and coordinate researches which depend upon international and national cooperation, and to provide for their scientific discussion and publication. In the accomplishment of these objects, the Union is divided into sections following the plan of organization of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. There are now seven sections, namely, (a) Geodesy, (b) Seismology, (c) Meteorology, (d) Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity, (e) Oceanography, (f) Volcanology, and (g) Hydrology. A Section of Geophysical Chemistry was discontinued May 31, 1924, as the International Union had failed to provide such a Section; the Section of Hydrology was established November 15, 1930—matters pertaining to scientific hydrology referred to the American Geophysical Union had been previously looked after by special committees on Hydrology.
Efficient Bandwidth Selection in Non‐parametric Regression

In this paper we use non-parametric local polynomial methods to estimate the regression function, m(x). Y may be a binary or continuous response variable, and X is continuous with non-uniform density. The main contributions of this paper are the weak convergence of a bandwidth process for kernels of order (0, k), k = 2 j , j ≥ 1 and the proposal of a local data-driven bandwidth selection method which is particularly beneficial for the case when X is not distributed uniformly. This selection method minimizes estimates of the asymptotic MSE and estimates the bias portion in an innovative way which relies on the order of the kernel and not estimation of m (2) (x) directly. We show that utilization of this method results in the achievement of the optimal asymptotic MSE by the estimator, i.e. the method is efficient. Simulation studies are provided which illustrate the method for both binary and continuous response cases.
Isoform-specific redistribution of protein kinase C in living cells

We have used confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine the dynamics of distribution of activated protein kinase C (PKC) in living Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Using fluorescently tagged phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) as a probe for PKC we have demonstrated its distribution in association with the cell periphery and with the nucleus. Dual labeling experiments using PKC alpha and PKC beta II specific antisera indicate that activated PKC alpha is found in association with the periphery whereas activated PKC beta II is translocated to the nucleus. We have demonstrated increased activity of PKC in nuclear fractions isolated from cells treated with PMA and other PKC activators. These data indicate that upon activation individual isoforms of PKC translocate to different subcellular locations where they are likely to mediate different actions.
Atmospheric diurnal variations observed with GPS radio occultation soundings

Abstract. The diurnal variation, driven by solar forcing, is a fundamental mode in the Earth's weather and climate system. Radio occultation (RO) measurements from the six COSMIC satellites (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) provide nearly uniform global coverage with high vertical resolution, all-weather and diurnal sampling capability. This paper analyzes the diurnal variations of temperature and refractivity from three-year (2007–2009) COSMIC RO measurements in the troposphere and stratosphere between 30° S and 30° N. The RO observations reveal both propagating and trapped vertical structures of diurnal variations, including transition regions near the tropopause where data with high vertical resolution are critical. In the tropics the diurnal amplitude in refractivity shows the minimum around 14 km and increases to a local maximum around 32 km in the stratosphere. The upward propagating component of the migrating diurnal tides in the tropics is clearly captured by the GPS RO measurements, which show a downward progression in phase from stratopause to the upper troposphere with a vertical wavelength of about 25 km. At ~32 km the seasonal variation of the tidal amplitude maximizes at the opposite side of the equator relative to the solar forcing. The vertical structure of tidal amplitude shows strong seasonal variations and becomes asymmetric along the equator and tilted toward the summer hemisphere in the solstice months. Such asymmetry becomes less prominent in equinox months.
The 2H(p, 2p)n reaction at 9.0 and 10.5 MeV

Abstract The 2H(p, 2p)n reaction has been studied experimentally at bombarding energies of 9.0 and 10.5 MeV. The two protons in the final state were detected in coincidence and energy-analysed by use of a two-parameter, pulse-height analyser, thus completely specifying the kinematics of the reaction. The distinction between sequential and simultaneous decay for the three-nucleon system was investigated. The sequential decay of this system via the virtual deuteron was observed. A preliminary analysis of the data using the generalized densty-of-states technique appears to adequately describe the reaction at these bombarding energies.
A legal history of Asian Americans, 1790-1990

Foreword Preface Introduction Colonial Period (1609-1774) Revolutionary Period (1775-1840) Beginning of the Federal Control (1841-1882) The Restriction Period (1882-1920) The Exclusion Period (1921-1952) Partial Liberalization Period (1952-1965) The Liberalization Era (1965-Present) Select Bibliography Index
Use of the aquatic oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus for assessing the toxicity and bioaccumulation of sediment‐associated contaminants

In this paper the authors describe test methods utilizing the aquatic oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus to assess the acute and chronic toxicity and the presence of bioaccumulatable compounds in contaminated sediments. Lumbriculus variegatus was chosen as a test species because (a) it represents an ecologically relevant component of freshwater ecosystems; (b) it is suitable for long-term testing and evaluation of chronic toxicity end points (e.g., growth, reproduction); (c) it is exposed via all important routes of concern, including ingesting of contaminated particles; and (d) it has sufficient biomass to assess bioaccumulation of contaminants. Also, Lumbriculus variegatus is easily cultured and handled. Described herein are culturing procedures and test protocols for Lumbriculus variegatus, as well as two examples of the types of experimental data generated when using the oligochaete in test with contaminated sediments. Two case studies are presented in which L. variegatus was used to assess the bioaccumulation of metals (cadmium, nickel) from contaminated sediments and assess the toxicity of sediment samples collected from the copper-contaminated Keweenaw Waterway system in Michigan.
Assessing the Phenomenological Effects of Several Stress Management Strategies

The present study compared the reported phenomenological effects associated with several stress management techniques (hypnosis, progressive relaxation, deep abdominal breathing) and a baseline condition (eyes-closed) as a function of hypnotic susceptibility. Three hundred nursing students experienced the aforementioned conditions and retrospectively completed a self-report questionnaire, the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI), in reference to each condition. The PCI allows for reliable and valid quantification of various (sub)dimensions of phenomenological experience. The results indicated that stress management techniques like hypnosis or progressive relaxation are not phenomenologically equivalent, and their effects are further moderated by a subject's hypnotic susceptibility.
Bioinspired Surfaces with Dynamic Topography for Active Control of Biofouling

Dynamic change of the surface area and topology of elastomers is used as a general, environmentally friendly approach for effectively detaching micro- and macro-fouling organisms adhered on the elastomer surfaces. Deformation of elastomer surfaces under electrical or pneumatic actuation can debond various biofilms and barnacles. The bio-inspired dynamic surfaces can be fabricated over large areas through simple and practical processes. This new mechanism is complementary with existing materials and methods for biofouling control.
Zinc Transporters ZnT1 (Slc30a1), Zip8 (Slc39a8), and Zip10 (Slc39a10) in Mouse Red Blood Cells Are Differentially Regulated during Erythroid Development and by Dietary Zinc Deficiency

Zinc is essential for normal erythroid cell functions and therefore intracellular zinc homeostasis during erythroid differentiation is tightly regulated. However, a characterization of zinc transporters in erythrocytes has not been conducted. The membrane fraction of mature mouse RBC was screened for zinc transporter expression using western analysis as a first step in the characterization process. ZnT1, Zip8, and Zip10 were detected among the 12 transporter proteins tested. We examined expression of these zinc transporters during erythropoietin (EPO)-induced differentiation of splenic erythroid progenitor cells into reticulocytes. Both Zip8 and Zip10 mRNA increased by 2-6 h after addition of EPO to the cells. In contrast, maximal RNA levels for the zinc transporter ZnT1 and erythroid delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase were only produced by 24 h after EPO. We confirmed these changes in transcript abundance by western analysis. Dietary zinc status influences zinc-dependent functions of RBC. To determine whether the identified zinc transporters respond to dietary zinc status, mice were fed a zinc-deficient or control diet. Incorporation of (65)Zn into erythrocytes in vitro was significantly increased in cells from the zinc-deficient mice. Western analysis and densitometry revealed that erythrocyte Zip10 was upregulated and ZnT1 was downregulated in the zinc-depleted mice. Zip8 was not affected by restricted zinc intake. Collectively, these data suggest that the zinc transporters ZnT1, Zip8, and Zip10 are important for zinc homeostasis in erythrocytes and that ZnT1 and Zip10 respond to the dietary zinc supply.