cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An on-chip colloidal magneto-optical grating

Interacting nano- and micro-particles provide opportunities to create a wide range of useful colloidal and soft matter constructs. In this letter, we examine interacting superparamagnetic polymeric particles residing on designed permalloy (Ni0.8 Fe0.2) shapes that are subject to weak time-orbiting magnetic fields. The precessing field and magnetic barriers that ensue along the outer perimeter of the shapes allow for containment concurrent with independent field-tunable ordering of the dipole-coupled particles. These remotely activated arrays with inter-particle spacing comparable to the wavelength of light yield microscopic on-chip surface gratings for beam steering and magnetically regulated light diffraction applications.
OBSERVATION ON GERMICIDAL EFFICACY OF A AIR DISINFECTION DEVICE WITH CHLORINE DIOXIDE

Objective To observe the germicidal efficacy of a chlorine dioxide air disinfection device.Methods The air percussion sampler and quantitative detection method of bacteria were used for laboratory and field air disinfection tests of chlorine dioxide air disinfection device.Results In a fog room under normal temperature and humidity,the average killing rate of Staphylococcus albus artificially contaminated in air achieved 100% with chlorine dioxide concentration of 107 mg/m3 after the disinfection device working for 30 minutes.And in a normal room,the average killing rate of the indoor air natural bacteria was 93.86% with chlorine dioxide concentration of 21.45 mg/m3after the machine working for the same time.Conclusion The chlorine dioxide air disinfection device with supporting chlorine dioxide disinfectant has good germicidal effect.
Greater beta-adrenergic receptor mediated vasodilation in women using oral contraceptives

Background: β-adrenergic receptors play an important role in mitigating the pressor effects of sympathetic nervous system activity in young women. Based on recent data showing oral contraceptive use in women abolishes the relationship between muscle sympathetic nervous system activity and blood pressure, we hypothesized forearm blood flow responses to a β-adrenergic receptor agonist would be greater in young women currently using oral contraceptives (OC+, n=13) when compared to those not using oral contraceptives (OC-, n=10). Methods: Women (18-35 years) were studied during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (days 1-5) or placebo phase of oral contraceptive use. Forearm blood flow (FBF, Doppler ultrasound) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP, brachial arterial catheter) were measured at baseline and during graded brachial artery infusion of the β-adrenergic receptor agonist, Isoproterenol (ISO), as well as Acetylcholine (ACH, endothelium-dependent vasodilation) and Nitroprusside (NTP, endothelium-independent vasodilation). Forearm vascular conductance was calculated (FVC = FBF/MAP, ml/min/100mmHg) and the rise in FVC from baseline during infusion quantified vasodilation (∆FVC = FVCinfusion – FVCbaseline). Results: ISO increased FVC in both groups (p<0.01) and ISO-mediated ∆FVC was greater in OC+ compared to OC- (Main effect of group, p=0.02). Expressing data as FVC and FBF resulted in similar conclusions. FVC responses to both ACH and NTP were also greater in OC+ compared to OC-. Conclusions: These data are the first to demonstrate greater β-adrenergic receptor-mediated vasodilation in the forearm of women currently using oral contraceptives (placebo phase) when compared to those not using oral contraceptives (early follicular phase), and suggest oral contraceptive use influences neurovascular control.
Overcoming Obstacles: Exploring the Use of Adventure Based Counseling in Youth Grief Camps

ABSTRACTBereavement can be confusing and complex for children and adolescents. Supporting youth in their grief may require interventions from helping professionals. Grief camps provide a supported environment designed to address the developmental needs of grieving children and adolescents. Adventure Based Counseling (ABC) provides structure and guidance for ropes course experiences and a theoretical basis for camps. This article explores how ABC on the ropes course addresses the unique needs of children and adolescents within the context of grief camps. An example plan provides guidance to camps hoping to incorporate the ABC framework into programming.
Pediatric Stroke Clinical Pathway Improves the Time to Diagnosis in an Emergency Department

Abstract Background Identified barriers to the diagnosis of pediatric stroke include delays in provider recognition and definitive neuroimaging (magnetic resonance imaging). Clinical pathways are recommended to address these barriers; yet few studies have evaluated their impact. Our aim is to describe the effect of a pediatric stroke clinical pathway on the diagnosis of stroke in patients presenting with focal neurological dysfunction to a pediatric emergency department. Methods The pediatric stroke clinical pathway was implemented in our level 1 pediatric emergency department in June 2014 for children aged one month to 18 years. Demographic and clinical data were collected for patients ultimately diagnosed with stroke using the pediatric stroke clinical pathway and compared with data collected on patients diagnosed with stroke before implementation of the pediatric stroke clinical pathway. Results The pediatric stroke clinical pathway was activated for 36 patients. Stroke was diagnosed in 11 patients (33%), of whom 55% were male with a median age 11 ± 7 years. Focal deficits (82%) and headache (55%) were common presenting complaints. There was a significant improvement in the median time to magnetic resonance imaging from arrival to the emergency department (before implementation of the pediatric stroke clinical pathway: 17 hours [interquartile range 6, 22] versus after implementation of the pediatric stroke clinical pathway: four hours [interquartile range 3, 12]; P = 0.02). Conclusions The pediatric stroke clinical pathway improved time to definitive diagnosis and streamlined the care provided to children presenting to the pediatric emergency department with focal neurological dysfunction.
Ring-on-Ring Tests and the Modeling of Cladding Glass Strength by the Weibull Distribution

Although ring-on-ring test results have been used in the past to obtain information on the strength of glass, no methodology has so far been developed explicitly relating such results to the load capacity of cladding glass panels. The purpose of this paper is to propose such a methodololgy. Evidence is presented which strongly suggests that the probability distribution of the load capacity of cladding glass panels whose failure is due to surface flaws can be estimated reliably on the basis of results of ring-on-ring tests used in conjuction with: (a) numerical methods for the analysis of stresses in plates, and (b) information on the elastic and fracture mechanics behavior of glass currently available or that can be obtained routinely. Two interesting findings are noted. First, owing to the way in which results of ring-on-ring tests are utilized, the relatively large variabilities typical of fracture mechanics parameters as well as the uncertainties with respect to the shapes of surface flaws have a minor effect on the estimation of load capacities. Second, two-parameter Weibull distributions, previously used in the literature to model the strength of glass and the load capacity of cladding panels,are not consistent with experimental results. On the other hand, three-parameter Weibull distributions model the observed glass behavior credibly.
Early Results from a Choice Based Conjoint Analysis Assessing Patient Preferences for Selected Features of Erythropoietic Agents.

Background: Understanding patients’ preferences regarding treatment features is important, as they may not be aligned with those of providers. Epoetin alfa (EPO) and darbepoetin alfa (DARB) are two erythropoietic agents indicated for the treatment of chemotherapy-related anemia (CRA) to increase hemoglobin (Hb) levels and reduce transfusion requirements. These outcomes are associated with fatigue reduction and improved quality of life (QoL), but the degree of improvement and current dosing schedules for both agents may vary. Preliminary results from a comparative trial suggest EPO provides a greater early and overall Hb rise compared to DARB at the commonly prescribed doses (EPO 40,000 units weekly vs. DARB 200 mcg every two weeks) (Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol.2004;23:763 (8153)). Objective: To assess patient preferences for two attributes, effectiveness and convenience, associated with the use of erythropoietic agents. Methods: A cross-sectional study of adults (age 18+) with solid tumor cancers and anemia is on going. 500 planned participants are being recruited through 50 oncologists’ offices across the U.S. Information is collected via a self-administered questionnaire that is divided into two parts. The first, completed by the provider, captures clinical information; the second, completed by patients records their knowledge, experience and preferences regarding anemia and its treatments, including resource use, QoL and productivity. This preliminary analysis focuses on the choice based conjoint (CBC) section of the questionnaire that assesses effectiveness, defined as time to a noticeable relief of fatigue, and convenience, defined as number of provider visits during an 8-week period. Each attribute has three levels (4, 6, and 8 weeks or visits). Results: 276 provider/patient-matched questionnaires have been received. 264 providers and 237 patients have completed the CBC section (96% and 86% response rates, respectively). 80% of providers view time to a noticeable relief of fatigue as being more important to patients than frequency of visits when choosing a medication to treat anemia. Similarly, patients also view time to a noticeable relief of fatigue as being the more important characteristic of anemia medications (1.8 times more important than frequency of visits). For time to a noticeable relief of fatigue, patients prefer an early onset (4 over 6 over 8 weeks). For convenience, patients prefer 8 over 6 over 4 visits during an 8-week period. Conclusion: Providers and patients both view effectiveness as a more important attribute of anemia treatment over convenience. While patients prefer relief of fatigue as soon as possible, interestingly, their preference to see providers more frequently rather than less may be contrary to some providers’ beliefs.
Interference Decoding for Deterministic Channels

An inner bound to the capacity region of a class of deterministic interference channels with three user pairs is presented. The key idea is to simultaneously decode the combined interference signal and the intended message at each receiver. It is shown that this interference-decoding inner bound is tight under certain strong interference conditions. The inner bound is also shown to strictly contain the inner bound obtained by treating interference as noise, which includes interference alignment for deterministic channels. The gain comes from judicious analysis of the number of combined interference sequences in different regimes of input distributions and message rates. Finally, the inner bound is generalized to the case where each channel output is observed through a noisy channel.
Risk of Metachronous High-Risk Adenomas and Large Serrated Polyps in Individuals With Serrated Polyps on Index Colonoscopy: Data From the New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry

Background & Aims Surveillance guidelines for serrated polyps (SPs) are based on limited data on longitudinal outcomes of patients. We used the New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry to evaluate risk of clinically important metachronous lesions associated with SPs detected during index colonoscopies. Methods We collected data from a population-based colonoscopy registry that has been collecting and analyzing data on colonoscopies across the state of New Hampshire since 2004, including rates of adenoma and SP detection. Patients completed a questionnaire to determine demographic characteristics, health history, and risk factors for colorectal cancer, and were followed from index colonoscopy through all subsequent surveillance colonoscopies. Our analyses included 5433 participants (median age, 61 years; 49.7% male) with 2 colonoscopies (median time to surveillance, 4.9 years). We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess effects of index SPs (n = 1016), high-risk adenomas (HRA, n = 817), low-risk adenomas (n = 1418), and no adenomas (n = 3198) on subsequent HRA or large SPs (>1 cm) on surveillance colonoscopy (metachronous lesions). Synchronous SPs, within each index risk group, were assessed for size and by histology. SPs comprise hyperplastic polyps, sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps), and traditional serrated adenomas. In this study, SSA/Ps and traditional serrated adenomas are referred to collectively as STSAs. Results HRA and synchronous large SP (odds ratio [OR], 5.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72−18.28), HRA with synchronous STSA (OR, 16.04; 95% CI, 6.95−37.00), and HRA alone (OR, 3.86; 95% CI, 2.77−5.39) at index colonoscopy significantly increased the risk of metachronous HRA compared to the reference group (no index adenomas or SPs). Large index SPs alone (OR, 14.34; 95% CI, 5.03−40.86) or index STSA alone (OR, 9.70; 95% CI, 3.63−25.92) significantly increased the risk of a large metachronous SP. Conclusions In an analysis of data from a population-based colonoscopy registry, we found index large SP or index STSA with no index HRA increased risk of metachronous large SPs but not metachronous HRA. HRA and synchronous SPs at index colonoscopy significantly increased risk of metachronous HRA. Individuals with HRA and synchronous large SP or any STSA could therefore benefit from close surveillance.
Using Wearable Sensor Technology in Organizational Research

The use of wearable sensor technology offers many potential benefits for organizational researchers. Wearable sensors can avoid the limitations of many biases associated with survey data as well as generate large volumes of extremely fine-grain data on individual interactions and group dynamics. This symposium brings together a set of papers with the aim to increase the research community's awareness and advance our understanding of how the potential benefits of wearable sensor technology can be leverage for organizational research. Psychological and Behavioral Synchrony in Dyads Presenter: Prerna Chikersal; Carnegie Mellon U. Presenter: Maria Tomprou; Carnegie Mellon U. Presenter: Young Ji Kim; Massachusetts Institute of Technology Presenter: Anita Williams Woolley; Carnegie Mellon U. Presenter: Laura Dabbish; Carnegie Mellon U. The Impact of Face-to-Face Contact on Leadership Perceptions Presenter: Alexandra Cook; Chemnitz U. of Technology Presenter: Bertolt Matthias Meyer; Technische U. Chemnitz Presen...
Development of a stress response therapy targeting aggressive prostate cancer.

Oncogenic lesions up-regulate bioenergetically demanding cellular processes, such as protein synthesis, to drive cancer cell growth and continued proliferation. However, the hijacking of these key processes by oncogenic pathways imposes onerous cell stress that must be mitigated by adaptive responses for cell survival. The mechanism by which these adaptive responses are established, their functional consequences for tumor development, and their implications for therapeutic interventions remain largely unknown. Using murine and humanized models of prostate cancer (PCa), we show that one of the three branches of the unfolded protein response is selectively activated in advanced PCa. This adaptive response activates the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2–α (P-eIF2α) to reset global protein synthesis to a level that fosters aggressive tumor development and is a marker of poor patient survival upon the acquisition of multiple oncogenic lesions. Using patient-derived xenograft models and an inhibitor of P-eIF2α activity, ISRIB, our data show that targeting this adaptive brake for protein synthesis selectively triggers cytotoxicity against aggressive metastatic PCa, a disease for which presently there is no cure.
Automatic recognition of holistic functional brain networks using iteratively optimized convolutional neural networks (IO-CNN) with weak label initialization.

Abstract fMRI data decomposition techniques have advanced significantly from shallow models such as Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Sparse Coding and Dictionary Learning (SCDL) to deep learning models such Deep Belief Networks (DBN) and Convolutional Autoencoder (DCAE). However, interpretations of those decomposed networks are still open questions due to the lack of functional brain atlases, no correspondence across decomposed or reconstructed networks across different subjects, and significant individual variabilities. Recent studies showed that deep learning, especially deep convolutional neural networks (CNN), has extraordinary ability of accommodating spatial object patterns, e.g., our recent works using 3D CNN for fMRI-derived network classifications achieved high accuracy with a remarkable tolerance for mistakenly labelled training brain networks. However, the training data preparation is one of the biggest obstacles in these supervised deep learning models for functional brain network map recognitions, since manual labelling requires tedious and time-consuming labours which will sometimes even introduce label mistakes. Especially for mapping functional networks in large scale datasets such as hundreds of thousands of brain networks used in this paper, the manual labelling method will become almost infeasible. In response, in this work, we tackled both the network recognition and training data labelling tasks by proposing a new iteratively optimized deep learning CNN (IO-CNN) framework with an automatic weak label initialization, which enables the functional brain networks recognition task to a fully automatic large-scale classification procedure. Our extensive experiments based on ABIDE-II 1099 brains’ fMRI data showed the great promise of our IO-CNN framework.
Lakebed Pockmarks in Burlington Bay, Lake Champlain: I. Hydrodynamics and Implications of Origin

Using side-scan sonar and sub-bottom profiles, a 40 m diameter, ~4 m deep lakebed pockmark was investigated in Burlington Bay, Lake Champlain, Vermont. Five piston cores (2 inside, 1 on the rim and 2 outside of the pockmark) were collected and analyzed for magnetic susceptibility, physical properties and 210Pb and 132Cs concentrations. A yearlong subsurface mooring, equipped with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and vertical temperature chain, was placed in the deepest section of the pockmark (27.7 m). A second temperature chain was placed along the pockmark floor and over its rim. At the base of the mooring, 35 mm stereo cameras and a Savonius rotor current meter ~ 0.3 m above the lake floor) were installed. Bottom photographs show episodic events of suspended sediment. Temperature data show the presence of anomalously cold temperature water near the rim of the pockmark during stratified periods and anomalously warmer water temperatures during isothermal winter type conditions. Coarser grain size and bulk density occur inside the pockmark with an associated decrease in water content in comparison to sediment outside the pockmark. Radionuclide results show no detectable net accumulation of sediment within the rim of the pockmark, slight accumulation in the deepest part of the pockmark, and only a few tenths of a mm/yr accumulation outside. This pockmark was most likely formed by groundwater seepage and is subsequently modified by continuing groundwater seepage and bottom-flowing currents. Taylor column and frictional boundary layer dynamics are believed to play a role in the circulation within this feature.
Interleukin-6: a comprehensive review.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine which plays a prominent role in the coordinated systemic host defense response to injury. IL-6 regulates immune and inflammatory responses, hepatic acute-phase protein synthesis, hemato-poiesis, and bone metabolism. The structure of IL-6 gene and protein, and biological activities of the cytokine, are well characterized. The composition of the IL-6 receptor has been identified, and there has been substantial recent progress in the analysis of IL-6-activated signal transduction mechanisms. IL-6 expression in different disease states has been demonstrated; IL-6 may be involved as a mediator in certain aspects in the pathogenesis of infection, autoimmunity, and malignancy.
Emergency Care of Rape Victims

Rape is an act of violence. The rapist uses sex to humiliate, degrade, and inflict pain and injury on a person weaker than himself. The power differential either is inherent (for example, between an adult and a child) or is attained by using threats, physical force, or a weapon. For the victim, it represents an unexpected, brutal invasion of her privacy as well as a life-threatening situation. Rape inevitably produces a psychosocial crisis, with resultant disruption of intrapsychic equilibrium and loss of usual coping mechanisms. Interpersonal relationships are deeply affected; feelings of fear, anxiety, shame, self-recrimination, and guilt are prominent. The emotional crisis may be compounded by actual physical injuries. Skillful emergency management should focus on alleviating the victim’s immediate distress, providing medical treatment, psychological support and legal information, and arranging follow-up care.
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: redox regulation and drug resistance

The expression of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is essential to maintaining cysteine levels in the body. GGT is a cell surface enzyme that hydrolyzes the gamma-glutamyl bond of extracellular reduced and oxidized glutathione, initiating their cleavage into glutamate, cysteine (cystine), and glycine. GGT is normally expressed on the apical surface of ducts and glands, salvaging the amino acids from glutathione in the ductal fluids. GGT in tumors is expressed over the entire cell membrane and provides tumors with access to additional cysteine and cystine from reduced and oxidized glutathione in the blood and interstitial fluid. Cysteine is rate-limiting for glutathione synthesis in cells under oxidative stress. The induction of GGT is observed in tumors with elevated levels of intracellular glutathione. Studies in models of hepatocarcinogenesis show that GGT expression in foci of preneoplastic hepatocytes provides a selective advantage to the cells during tumor promotion with agents that deplete intracellular glutathione. Similarly, expression of GGT in tumors enables cells to maintain elevated levels of intracellular glutathione and to rapidly replenish glutathione during treatment with prooxidant anticancer therapy. In the clinic, the expression of GGT in tumors is correlated with drug resistance. The inhibitors of GGT block GGT-positive tumors from accessing the cysteine in extracellular glutathione. They also inhibit GGT activity in the kidney, which results in the excretion of GSH in the urine and a rapid decrease in blood cysteine levels, leading to depletion of intracellular GSH in both GGT-positive and GGT-negative tumors. GGT inhibitors are being developed for clinical use to sensitize tumors to chemotherapy.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Children: Analysis of Nationwide Hospitalizations and Short-Term Outcomes for the United States, 2001–2014

Abstract Objective: To describe population-wide utilization rates and outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the management of pediatric upper urinary tract calculi (UUTC). Patients and...
Degrees of Separation: Lester Horton’s: Le Sacre du printemps at The Hollywood Bowl

This essay examines Lester Horton’s 1937 production of Le Sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring) at the Hollywood Bowl. In particular, the genesis of the work and the transference of Russian modernism in 1930s Los Angeles is explored. The essay focuses on Horton’s professional relationships with two artists in Los Angeles, Adolph Bolm and Michio Ito, both of whom were in his proximity as teachers, mentors and colleagues when he created Le Sacre. The Russian emigre Bolm, a former dancer with the Ballets Russes during the period Nijinsky choreographed The Rite of Spring in 1913, was a well-established teacher and choreographer in Los Angeles. Bolm’s and Horton’s parallel interests in American Indian dance forms are discussed. Ito, the Japanese dancer and choreographer who was inspired to pursue dance after witnessing performances of the Ballets Russes, trained in Dalcroze Eurhythmics in Hellerau before settling in Los Angeles in 1929. Horton’s production of Le Sacre, the seventh created internationally and first West Coast version is discussed in detail, drawing on the choreographer’s rehearsal notes and other first-hand accounts.
Medical student perceptions of a career in cardiothoracic surgery: Results of an institutional survey

Abstract Objectives Recruiting medical students to cardiothoracic surgery is critical given new training paradigms and projected cardiothoracic surgeon shortages. This study characterizes current perceptions and exposure to cardiothoracic surgery among all levels of medical students. Methods Currently active medical students at all levels at a US allopathic medical school were sent an invitation to complete an online survey. Baseline demographics, medical specialty interest, interest and exposure to cardiac surgery specifically, and awareness of procedures performed by cardiothoracic surgeons were evaluated. Five-point Likert scales were used to evaluate attitudes toward facets of the field of cardiothoracic surgery. Only complete surveys over the 4-week enrollment period were used for analysis. Results There were 126 surveys (22%) completed during the study period. Interest in cardiothoracic surgery at any point was indicated by 37% of students, but only 13% indicated an interest at the time of the survey. Interest among first-year students was greater than all other classes (30% vs Conclusions Although medical students report early interest in cardiothoracic surgery because of intellectual stimulation and patient care attributes, lack of early exposure and perceived poor lifestyle negatively affect interest in the field. Early interaction between students and cardiothoracic faculty/trainees along with early exposure opportunities may increase recruitment.
Blood Lead Concentrations and Antibody Levels to Measles, Mumps, and Rubella among U.S. Children.

Child blood lead concentrations have been associated with measures of immune dysregulation in nationally representative study samples. However, response to vaccination—often considered the gold standard in immunotoxicity testing—has not been examined in relation to typical background lead concentrations common among U.S. children. The present study estimated the association between blood lead concentrations and antigen-specific antibody levels to measles, mumps, and rubella in a nationally representative sample of 7005 U.S. children aged 6–17 years. Data from the 1999–2004 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. In the adjusted models, children with blood lead concentrations between 1 and 5 µg/dL had an 11% lower anti-measles (95% CI: −16, −5) and a 6% lower anti-mumps antibody level (95% CI: −11, −2) compared to children with blood lead concentrations <1 µg/dL. The odds of a seronegative anti-measles antibody level was approximately two-fold greater for children with blood lead concentrations between 1 and 5 µg/dL compared to children with blood lead concentrations <1 µg/dL (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4, 3.1). The adverse associations observed in the present study provide further evidence of potential immunosuppression at blood lead concentrations <5 µg/dL, the present Centers for Disease Control and Prevention action level.
The Response of Tuberculous Alcoholics to a Therapeutic Community

Over a 2-year period ( 1957—1959) 382 of 841 men with tuberculosis admitted to the Veterans Administration Hospital in San Fernando, Calif., were diagnosed as alcoholics. Most of the alcoholics wer...
Membrane functions genetically programmed in synthetic cells: a barrier to conquer

Abstract Integrating molecular components into active synthetic cells is arising as a major goal of bioengineering and, by and large, multidisciplinary research. The encapsulation of cell-free transcription–translation systems into liposomes stands out of the current approaches because it enables programming synthetic cells with genes, as in real living cells, at the relevant biological scale and within the natural physical boundary. Although recapitulating certain biological functions in such minimal settings has been successful, serious barriers are still hard to overcome. In particular, implementing biological functions located at the lipid membrane remains one of the most challenging elements in bottom-up synthetic cell engineering. In this work, we review the current state-of-the-art of the membrane functions that have been achieved by cell-free expression, either on supported lipid bilayers, in the presence of membranes added to reactions or inside liposomes. We extend the considerations to the membrane functions sought in other types of artificial compartments.
Inexpensive Adaptations of Basic Microscopes for the Identification of Microplastic Contamination Using Polarization and Nile Red Fluorescence Detection.

Microplastic contamination of the environment is a major concern but detecting such contamination presents a challenge, particularly for particles <0.1 mm in size. Community scientists and students...
Phase boundary of CH4, CO2, and binary CH4-CO2 hydrates formed in NaCl solutions

Abstract The equilibrium phase boundary of gas hydrates divides the phase diagram of the gas–water system into two zones, i.e., one with hydrates and the other without hydrates. Motivations to investigate the phase boundary of gas hydrates formed by CH4, CO2, and their mixture in saline water stem from its foundation roles in e.g., flow assurance, energy recovery, and CO2 sequestration. In this work, a thermodynamic model has been developed to improve the prediction accuracy of the equilibrium phase boundary of CH4, CO2, and binary CH4-CO2 hydrates in both pure and saline water. A different set of reference properties are employed in this newly developed model. A database collecting the most up to date measured phase boundary of gas hydrates have been newly generated, containing 728 data points with the temperature ranging from 261.8 K to 300 K, and the concentration of NaCl solutions up to 24.12 wt%, which is used for parameter regression and model validation. The impacts of temperature, NaCl, and gas composition on the phase boundary of gas hydrates are well captured by the developed model. A convergence trend of the phase boundary curves of the binary CH4-CO2 hydrates in the high-temperature range is observed and explained with the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The overall average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of the calculated phase boundary pressure of the 728 points is 4.42%. The performance of the newly developed model is satisfactory considering the discrepancies among measured data from various sources.
A Rare Case of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in the Setting of COVID-19 Infection

Severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is well known for causing respiratory and other extrapulmonary manifestations. Patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may demonstrate atypical presentations with gastrointestinal symptoms. Clinicians managing these patients should reserve a high index of suspicion for the rare complication of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI). It is a challenging diagnosis that is often missed when presenting symptoms are subtle and nonspecific like nausea, emesis, or diarrhea. Outcomes are typically catastrophic and fatal as bowel ischemia progresses to necrosis but may be averted with timely diagnostic and therapeutic methods to swiftly restore blood flow.
Physician Stress During Electronic Health Record Inbox Work: In Situ Measurement With Wearable Sensors

Background: Increased work through electronic health record (EHR) messaging is frequently cited as a factor of physician burnout. However, studies to date have relied on anecdotal or self-reported measures, which limit the ability to match EHR use patterns with continuous stress patterns throughout the day. Objective: The aim of this study is to collect EHR use and physiologic stress data through unobtrusive means that provide objective and continuous measures, cluster distinct patterns of EHR inbox work, identify physicians’ daily physiologic stress patterns, and evaluate the association between EHR inbox work patterns and physician physiologic stress. Methods: Physicians were recruited from 5 medical centers. Participants (N=47) were given wrist-worn devices (Garmin Vivosmart 3) with heart rate sensors to wear for 7 days. The devices measured physiological stress throughout the day based on heart rate variability (HRV). Perceived stress was also measured with self-reports through experience sampling and a one-time survey. From the EHR system logs, the time attributed to different activities was quantified. By using a clustering algorithm, distinct inbox work patterns were identified and their associated stress measures were compared. The effects of EHR use on physician stress were examined using a generalized linear mixed effects model. Results: Physicians spent an average of 1.08 hours doing EHR inbox work out of an average total EHR time of 3.5 hours. Patient messages accounted for most of the inbox work time (mean 37%, SD 11%). A total of 3 patterns of inbox work emerged: inbox work mostly outside work hours, inbox work mostly during work hours, and inbox work extending after hours that were mostly contiguous to work hours. Across these 3 groups, physiologic stress patterns showed 3 periods in which stress increased: in the first hour of work, early in the afternoon, and in the evening. Physicians in group 1 had the longest average stress duration during work hours (80 out of 243 min of valid HRV data; P=.02), as measured by physiological sensors. Inbox work duration, the rate of EHR window switching (moving from one screen to another), the proportion of inbox work done outside of work hours, inbox work batching, and the day of the week were each independently associated with daily stress duration (marginal R2=15%). Individual-level random effects were significant and explained most of the variation in stress (conditional R2=98%). Conclusions: This study is among the first to demonstrate associations between electronic inbox work and physiological stress. We identified 3 potentially modifiable factors associated with stress: EHR window switching, inbox work duration, and inbox work outside work hours. Organizations seeking to reduce physician stress may consider system-based changes to reduce EHR window switching or inbox work duration or the incorporation of inbox management time into work hours. Trial Registration:
IdeaBot: Investigating Social Facilitation in Human-Machine Team Creativity

The present study investigates how human subjects collaborate with a computer-mediated chatbot in creative idea generation tasks. In three text-based between-group studies, we tested whether the perceived identity (i.e., whether a partner was believed to be a bot or as a human) or conversational style (human or robotic) of a teammate would moderate the outcomes of participants’ creative production. In Study 1, participants worked with either a chatbot or a human confederate. In Study 2, all participants worked with a human teammate but were informed that their partner was either a human or a chatbot. Conversely, all participants worked with a chatbot in Study 3, but their partner was described as either a chatbot or a human. We investigated differences in idea generation outcomes and found that participants consistently contributed more ideas and ideas of higher quality when they perceived their teamworking partner to be a bot. Furthermore, when the conversational style of the partner was robotic, participants with high anxiety in group communication reported greater creative self-efficacy in task performance. Finally, whether the perceived dominance of a partner and the pressure to come up with ideas during the task mediated positive outcomes of idea generation depended on whether the conversational style of the bot partner was robot- or human-like. Based on our findings, we discussed implications for future design of artificial agents as active team players in collaboration tasks.
Beyond the Headlines: Trends and Future Directions in the School Closure Literature

With the looming impacts of COVID-19 on district budgets, the growth of school choice options, and population shifts across urban, suburban, and rural contexts, an increasing number of districts ha...
Characterization of ferritin from human placenta. Implications for analysis of tissue specificity and microheterogeneity of ferritins.

Mammalian ferritins can be resolved into multiple components by isoelectric focusing, and each tissue contains a characteristic subset of isoferritins. Ferritin isolated from human liver was compared to acidic ferritin isolated from midgestational human placenta to define a structural basis for ferritin heterogeneity. Placenta ferritin contained several major bands with isoelectric points in the range of pI = 4.7–5.0 which were more acidic than the predominant isoferritins of human liver. Ferritin from each tissue was resistant to denaturation by 10 M urea and appeared to be identical by electron microscopy. Circular dichroism measurements revealed that placenta ferritin had substantially less ordered secondary structure than liver ferritin. Both types of ferritin contained only two subunits when analyzed by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, but isoelectric focusing of dissociated subunits in urea revealed 6–7 different components. In this system, placenta ferritin was enriched in the more acidic subunits and it completely lacked the most basic subunits noted in liver ferritin; placental ferritin had no unique components. Differences in isoelectric points among assembled ferritins from these two tissues appear to result from different proportions of these acidic and basic subunits.
An integrated direct functional test of the adenohypophysis.

Abstract A sequential stimulation by arginine infusion and LRF plus TRF injection for the release of five pituitary hormones (LH, FSH, GH, PRL, and TSH) as an integrated functional reserve test of the adenohypophysis was devised. The serial hormonal release elicited by sequential stimuli in normal male (N = 11) and normal female subjects (N = 11) was characterized; concomitant with a rise in GH, arginine induced a consistent increase in PRL levels; a simultaneous rise in serum TSH and PRL, and in LH and FSH occurred in response to TRF and LRF, respectively. The usefulness of this integrated reserve test was evaluated in patients with abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary axis; differentiation between hypothalamic vs. pituitary defect with single or multiple hormone involvement may be revealed in patients with hypopituitarism, amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome, and "hypothalamic amenorrhea." Thus, together with serum cortisol determinations, all trophic hormones of the adenohypophysis may be accurately assessed in this simple six-hour integrated test.
Improving software development project team performance: a Web-based expert support system for project control

Delivered software is often late and over budget, while offering fewer features than requested by the user. Many software developers have difficulties establishing and adhering to a project plan and in delivering what the user wants within the budget and schedule. Developers also have difficulty in obtaining user involvement in the development process. This paper discusses a Web-enabled expert system, Project Management Advisor (PMA), which will provide alerts and corrective actions for some of the common problems that plague software development projects. PMA was developed as a part of a CyberCollaboratory built to facilitate collaborative project work. The development and evaluation of a collaborative generic expert system for identification and analysis of anomalies in project plan data is expected to be useful to many software development teams and managers in a wide variety of organizations PMA is a field prototype and was evaluated rising 11 real world project plans. The preliminary analysis of the findings is presented and discussed.
Learning and Teaching as Communicative Actions: A Mixed-Methods Twitter Study

Our paper examines the design of a course that utilized the real-time information network Twitter to spark reflective thinking and communication based on classroom topics. A major goal was to increase discourse amongst students and enhance learning through encouraging student time on task. The innovation followed guidelines set forth in the Learning and Teaching as Communicative Actions theory to augment student learning experience via more active communication and increased content sharing among students, towards a goal of building a social learning community. In this mixed methods study, we found diverse student perceptions of the use of Twitter; both very positive views of the tool as a means of supporting discourse and those views of the tool having little benefit to student’s own learning. The female students in this study, perceived the tool to significantly more support the social learning community in the interactive environment than did male students. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2011.03.038
Comparison of Texel- and Suffolk-sired crossbred lambs for survival, growth, and compositional traits

Texel sheep were imported from Finland and Denmark for evaluation as a terminal sire population relative to the Suffolk breed. The objective was to estimate effects of sire breed on fitness, growth, and compositional traits of crossbred progeny that were serially slaughtered at 63, 105, 147, and 189 d of age. A total of 325 lambs, sired by 19 Texel and 20 Suffolk rams, were born to mature, half- Finnsheep ewes during a 2-yr period. Carcass traits were recorded on 183 lambs. Texel-sired lambs had greater survival to weaning (P = .06) and similar birth and weaning weights compared with Suffolk progeny. Lambs by Texel sires grew 11% less rapidly from 63 to 189 d of age. Estimated accretion rates of carcass fat at 189 d of age were 96.1 and 78.5 gld for Suffolk and Texel progeny, respectively. Correspond- ing values for carcass protein were 17.4 and 16.0 gld. At fixed ages, area of the longissimus muscle did not differ between sire breeds. Texel progeny weighed less at 189 d of age, producing lighter, leaner carcasses of shorter length ( P < ,051. Compositional differences were not detected when sire breeds were compared at 25 kg of carcass weight. However, Texel progeny had significantly greater depth of fat at the 12th rib and weight of kidney-pelvic fat. Data indicated that Texel- sired lambs deposited proportionally more subcutane- ous and less intermuscular fat than did lambs by Suffolk sires. Due to the apparent advantage in lamb survival and the observation that Texel progeny produce lean carcasses relative to the intermediate growth rate and mature size characteristic of the breed, it is concluded that Texel sheep can be used effectively as a terminal sire breed.
Job Satisfaction and Perceived Gender Equality in Advanced Promotion Opportunities: An Empirical Investigation

Does gender equality in advanced promotion opportunities in the workplace have consequences for job satisfaction? We use data collected from workers in six formerly socialist economies (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Serbia) to investigate the link between job satisfaction and the perceived chance that a woman would hold a senior‐level position at the firm. Among many survey participants, such a link exists and is positive; that is, these survey participants enjoy working at firms that promote gender balance at the top. The positive link is explained in part by worker personality/attitudes and firm characteristics, and in part by the result that participating workers often enjoy higher job satisfaction because they perceive the lack of ‘glass ceiling’ as a signal of improved own career opportunities. Among women, positive effects are more significant for younger workers. We discuss possible explanations for these findings, as well as cross‐country differences and policy implications.
COLORANTS FOR PLASTICS: THE BUYER‐SELLER DIALOGUE

Colorant standardization, raw materials testing, and color tolerances are discussed from the standpoint of improving quality control in the production of colored plastics. Much of what is said applies to the industrial coloring of any product.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 dUTPase mutants are attenuated for neurovirulence, neuroinvasiveness, and reactivation from latency

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encodes a dUTPase which has been shown to be dispensable for normal viral replication in cultured cells (S. J. Caradonna and Y. Cheng, J. Biol. Chem. 256:9834-9837, 1981; F. B. Fisher and V. G. Preston, Virology 148:190-197, 1986). However, the importance of this enzyme in vivo has not been determined. In this report, HSV-1 strain 17 syn+ and two isogenic engineered dUTPase-negative mutants were characterized in the mouse model. Both mutants replicated with wild-type kinetics and achieved wild-type titers in cultured cells. The mutants were 10-fold less neurovirulent than 17 syn+ following intracranial inoculation and more than 1,000-fold less virulent following footpad inoculation. The dUTPase- mutants replicated with wild-type kinetics in the footpad and entered and replicated efficiently in the peripheral nervous system of the mouse. However, their replication in the central nervous system was significantly reduced. The dUTPase- strains established latent infections but displayed a greatly reduced reactivation frequency in vivo. Neurovirulence, neuroinvasiveness, and reactivation frequency were all restored by recombination with wild-type dUTPase sequences. These results have important implications with regard to anti-herpesvirus therapeutic strategies.
Using story theory to create an innovative honors level nursing course.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of a nursing theory-based strategy to create an undergraduate nursing clinical course that extended the nursing curriculum to meet the requisites for University Honors College credit. Using the middle range theory of story theory, this innovative teaching strategy had two goals: to plan nursing care with a focus on the human response to illness, and to integrate this strategy into an existing clinical course. Methods of teaching the theory and application to practice are described. A schedule is provided that outlines and describes how the experience was put into action, documented, and discussed. Use of this strategy raised the quality of the clinical experience for all students. This quality was seen in the ability to expand the curriculum, and in the student course evaluations. Students were able to understand theory, apply it to practice, and plan holistic nursing care.