cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The simulation and dissimulation of multiple personality disorder.

Abstract Forensic consultants have been concerned with an increasing number of cases in which defendants are represented as suffering multiple personality disorder (MPD). This trend may continue and accelerate because 1) more clinicians recognize the condition; 2) a period of reactive overdiagnosis may occur subsequent to decades of underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis; and 3) opportunistic exploitation of MPD as a fraudulent defense can be expected. The study of MPD is a new and controversial field, barely out of its infancy. Therefore, evaluation of individuals suspected of having MPD proceeds under several burdens. This report has two parts. In the first, certain published suggestions are reviewed in the light of current knowledge. In the second, a large series of MPD patients was reviewed to see whether genuine MPD patients manifest behaviors that overlap with those demonstrated by malingerers. Illustrative cases of simulation, dissimulation, and attorney-instigated introduction of the consideration of MPD...
Magnetic breakdown and quantum oscillations in electron-doped high-temperature superconductor Nd 2-x Ce x CuO 4

Recent, more precise experiments have revealed both a slow and a fast quantum oscillation in the $c$-axis resistivity of nearly optimal to overdoped electron-doped high-temperature superconductor ${\text{Nd}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Ce}}_{x}{\text{CuO}}_{4}$. Here, we study this problem from the perspective of Fermi surface reconstruction using an exact transfer matrix method and the Pichard-Landauer formula. In this method, neither quasiclassical approximations for magnetic breakdown nor ad hoc broadening of Landau levels is necessary to study the high-field quantum oscillations. The underlying Hamiltonian is a mean-field Hamiltonian that incorporates a twofold commensurate Fermi surface reconstruction. While the specific mean field considered is the $d$-density wave, similar results can also be obtained by a model of a spin density wave, as was explicitly demonstrated earlier. The results are consistent with an interplay of magnetic breakdown across small gaps in the reconstructed Fermi surface and Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations.
Rapid determination of the synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, deltamethrin, in rat plasma and tissues by HPLC

Deltamethrin (DLM), [(S)-alpha-cyano-d-phenoxybenzyl-(1R,3R)-e-(2,2 dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclo-propane-1-carboxylate], is a pyrethroid insecticide widely used in agriculture and households. There are several methods for analysis of DLM in biological fluids and tissues, but these methods are time consuming. They generally involve the extraction of DLM with lipid-soluble solvents such as n-pentane, n-hexane, diethylether or acetone, and subsequent evaporation of the solvent. A more rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to analyze DLM in plasma and tissues (liver, kidney, and brain) was developed and validated according to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) and International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines. The limit of detection (S/N of 3/1) for DLM was 0.01 microg/ml for plasma, liver, kidney and brain. The method performances were shown to be selective for DLM and linear over the concentration range 0.01-20.0 microg/ml. For five replications of samples at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 1.5 and 4.0 microg/ml, intraday precision and accuracy values were in the range of 0.7-13.1% relative standard deviation (%R.S.D.) and 1.8-14.1%Error, respectively. Interday (n = 15) precision and accuracy values at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 1.5, and 4.0 microg/ml were in the range of 3.2-15.2% (%R.S.D.) and 3.7-14.8%Error, respectively. The absolute recoveries of DLM ranged from 93 to 103% for plasma, 95 to 114% for liver, 97 to 108% for kidney, and 95 to 108% for brain. This method can be quite useful for DLM pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies, for which multiple plasma and tissue samples have to be analyzed quickly with high reproducibility.
Longevity of plutonium 238 heat sources

Plutonium oxide heat sources are used to power space missions. The heat produced by alpha decay of the 238 isotope of Pu is converted to electricity in a thermopile, providing electricity during a substantial fraction of the 88 year half-life of the isotope. Decay of the Pu produces helium and uranium, and a fraction of the evolved helium is captured in the oxide matrix. All of the helium produced in decay can in principle be contained in the oxide lattice, where it occupies the tetrahedral sites. Some helium diffuses out at a rate that is somewhat dependent on the form and morphology of the fuel. Rates have previously been measured for oxide aged about 1 year. Current measurements on sealed heat sources as old as 34 years indicate that the rate of diffusion has changed only slightly over time. Possible mechanisms for helium release include bubble diffusion, point defect migration, agglomeration and movement of He at grain boundaries, and volume diffusion through the lattice sites. We observe primarily diffusion from site to site within the lattice, with an activation energy of 18.7 kcal/mole, independent of point defect movement, despite the rising concentration of helium in the lattice over time and the accumulation of radiation damage within the lattice. Because of the slow diffusion of helium from the fuel to the headspace, heat sources are anticipated to be stable over a long lifetime.
Pathogenic cascades in lysosomal disease—Why so complex?

Lysosomal disease represents a large group of more than 50 clinically recognized conditions resulting from inborn errors of metabolism affecting the organelle known as the lysosome. The lysosome is an integral part of the larger endosomal/lysosomal system, and is closely allied with the ubiquitin–proteosomal and autophagosomal systems, which together comprise essential cell machinery for substrate degradation and recycling, homeostatic control, and signalling. More than two-thirds of lysosomal diseases affect the brain, with neurons appearing particularly vulnerable to lysosomal compromise and showing diverse consequences ranging from specific axonal and dendritic abnormalities to neuron death. While failure of lysosomal function characteristically leads to lysosomal storage, new studies argue that lysosomal diseases may also be appropriately viewed as ‘states of deficiency’ rather than simply overabundance (storage). Interference with signalling events and salvage processing normally controlled by the endosomal/lysosomal system may represent key mechanisms accounting for the inherent complexity of lysosomal disorders. Analysis of lysosomal disease pathogenesis provides a unique window through which to observe the importance of the greater lysosomal system for normal cell health.
Risk Sharing in the Design of Environmental Policy

Many forms of pollution are stochastic in the sense that they result from accidental spills or releases rather than continuous (intentional) emissions. Examples include releases of hazardous substances from manufacturing plants and contamination of groundwater from unintended releases from landfills. At both the state and federal levels, environmental policy to control these forms of stochastic pollution is made in two arenas. The first is the regulatory arena, where in response to statutory mandates administrative agencies impose constraints on potential polluters, generally in the form of restrictions on operations. These constraints are ex ante constraints in the sense
Engelmann and his laddergram

Thomas Lewis is alliteratively credited with devising the laddergram. Engelmann, or perhaps Chauveau, truly deserves the honor. Mackenzie and Wenckebach popularized the schema in their books.
What Stops the Torture

States whose agents engage in torture in a given year have a 93% chance of continuing to torture in the following year. What leads governments to stop the use of torture? We focus on the principal–agent relationship between the executive and the individuals responsible for supervising and interrogating state prisoners. We argue that some liberal democratic institutions change the probability that leaders support the creation of institutions that discourage jailers and interrogators from engaging in torture, thus increasing the probability of a state terminating its use of torture. These relationships are strongly conditioned by the presence of violent dissent; states rarely terminate the use of torture when they face a threat. Once campaigns of violent dissent stop, however, states with popular suffrage and a free press are considerably more likely to terminate their use of torture. Also given the end of violent dissent, the greater the number of veto points in government, the lower the likelihood that a state terminates its use of torture.
Organische Phosphorverbindungen. XXI. Zum Mechanismus der Arylierung von Phosphorthiochlorid in Gegenwart von Friedel-Crafts Aktivatoren†

Leitfahigkeitsmessungen und 31P kernmagnetische Resonanzuntersuchungen der AlCl3-Komplexe von PSCl3, C6H5PSCl2, (C6H5)2PSCl und (C6H5)3PS werden mitgeteilt und daraus Ruckschlusse auf den Mechanismus der Arylierung von PSCl3 in Gegenwart von FRIEDEL-CRAFTS-Aktivatoren gezogen. Conductivity measurements and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the AlCl3 complexes of PSCl3, C6H5PSCl2, (C6H5)2PSCl, and (C6H5)3PS are reported. A mechanism of the arylation of PSCl3 in the presence of FRIEDEL-CRAFTS activators is proposed.
William Dean Howells's Deserted Wife: E. D. E. N. Southworth, A Modern Instance, and Sentimental Divorce Narration

This essay challenges received readings of William Dean Howells's A Modern Instance and well-established critical assumptions that associate his realist project with public male legal discourse and define it strongly against presumptively feminine rhetorical strategies like sentimentality. In A Modern Instance, Howells shows the professional effectiveness of strategically deployed affective narration in the courtroom, making it a necessary subject for realist representation. I argue that the novel is Howells's realist response to and rewriting of E. D. E. N. Southworth's The Deserted Wife; that Gaylord's courtroom narration is a reductive, parodic version of Southworth; and that Howells's ending punishes Gaylord and Marcia, who have functioned as sentimental author and heroine. Critics have long accepted Howells's 1908 claim that Euripides's Medea inspired the novel, but I contend that it was more likely conceived as an appropriation and revision of Southworth, whose pivotal chapter is titled "The New Medea." Anxiously competing for the role of moral and cultural advisor to female readers, Howells writes his own deserted wife novel, in which he vanquishes Southworth in a variety of ways.
On Determining Critical Health Problem Areas New York City

Factor analytic study of small area units of a city may be used as an approach to identification ofparticular indices, such as that of "Critical health problem areas." Problems with such indices have been discussed in the literature. A reanalysis of a data set is presented to illustrate some problems and to suggest that use of a single index may be questionable.
Immune Responses and Antibody Decay after Immunization of Adolescents and Adults with an Acellular Pertussis Vaccine: The APERT Study

As part of a prospective acellular pertussis (ACP) vaccine efficacy trial, 5 serum samples were obtained, over an 18-month period, from 101 ACP-vaccine recipients and 99 control subjects, to assess ACP antibody response and decay. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (PRN), and fimbriae 2/3 (FIM) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, and titers of agglutinin were determined. Of the subjects, 16%-19% had preimmunization values of antibodies to PT that were above the assay's limit of quantitation (LOQ); in contrast, 36%-63% of the subjects had preimmunization values of antibodies to FHA, PRN, or FIM that were above the LOQ. Substantial increases in titers of IgG and IgA antibodies to the 3 ACP antigens (PT, FHA, and PRN) were observed. Over the 18-months, the percent decay in IgG and IgA antibodies ranged from 56% to 73% and from 57% to 70%, respectively; the IgG antibody response and decay suggests that geometric mean titers likely remain above the LOQ for 2-9 years and above the threshold of detection for 4-13 years. These findings support the use of ACP booster immunizations for adolescents and adults, to provide sustained levels of antibody.
Extensive variation in fried chip color and tuber composition in cold-stored tubers of wild potato (solanum) germplasm.

Cold-induced sweetening and browning in the Maillard reaction have driven extensive research in the areas of plant physiology, biochemistry, and food science in Solanum tuberosum because of its importance to the potato-processing industry. Prior research has not characterized wild Solanum relatives of potato for tuber composition and has not determined if relationships between tuber composition and chip color after cold storage in wild species are comparable to those found for cultivated potato. Extensive inter- and intraspecific variation for chip color and tuber composition were found in the wild Solanum species examined. Tuber sugar profiles suggested that invertase activity at low temperatures differed between and within species. Tuber fructose, glucose, and sucrose concentrations partially explained chip color variation in most accessions, but asparagine concentration and percent dry matter did not. Most wild species had reducing sugar concentrations and chip color scores after 2 °C storage that were...
Multirate filter banks with block sampling

Multirate filter banks with block sampling were recently studied by Khansari and Leon-Garcia (1993). In this paper, we want to systematically study multirate filter banks with block sampling by studying general vector filter banks where the input signals and transfer functions in conventional multirate filter banks are replaced by vector signals and transfer matrices, respectively. We show that multirate filter banks with block sampling studied by Khansari and Leon-Garcia are special vector filter banks where the transfer matrices are pseudocirculant. We present some fundamental properties for the basic building blocks, such as Noble identities, interchangeability of down/up sampling, polyphase representations of M-channel vector filter banks, and multirate filter banks with block sampling. We then present necessary and sufficient conditions for the alias-free property, finite impulse response (FIR) systems with FIR inverses, paraunitariness, and lattice structures for paraunitary vector filter banks. We also present a necessary and sufficient condition for paraunitary multirate filter banks with block sampling. As an application of this theory, we present all possible perfect reconstruction delay chain systems with block sampling. We also show some examples that are not paraunitary for conventional multirate filter banks but are paraunitary for multirate filter banks with proper block sampling. In this paper, we also present a connection between vector filter banks and vector transforms studied by Li. Vector filter banks also play important roles in multiwavelet transforms and vector subband coding.
Visual abilities and pattern preferences of premature infants and full-term neonates.

Abstract The visual-preference method was used to present 14 pairs of flat visual stimuli to 27 premature infants of less than 38 weeks conceptional age and to 27 full-term neonates. There was good interobserver agreement on the visual-fixation responses for both samples. Close similarity between groups was found in the mean length of fixation to a given target in 13 of the 14 stimulus pairs. Premature infants attended selectively to stimuli in 7 of the 14 target pairs, and neonates in 6. The responses of the two samples to a pair of stimuli varying in number and size of details was associated with age from conception. The premature sample gave additional differential fixation responses consistent with such an association. Both groups discriminated lines subtending a visual angle of 66 min. The results indicate that infants averaging 1 month less in conceptional age than full-term newborns can see and respond differentially to patterned visual stimuli, and that certain responses may be indicative of level of neurological maturation.
Learning Complex Visual Stimuli: Effects of Spaced Presentation and Rehearsal on Aircraft Recognition

This study examined the effects of three presentation methods (one massed and two distributed) and two visual rehearsal conditions (rehearsal allowed and not allowed) on recognition of complex visual stimuli. The stimuli, photographs of military aircraft, were tested using a different view than the three views given at study. Recognition performance was measured by hit, false alarm, and discrimination indices to assess differences among the presentation and rehearsal conditions. A substantial effect of rehearsal was found. Allowing intervals for, and encouraging, post-exposure imaging increased hit and discrimination scores compared to conditions where post-exposure imaging was prevented. No significant effect of presentation method or interaction with rehearsal was noted. Exploratory analyses suggested that a study strategy involving attention to individual features to be associated with higher recognition performance. Empirical, theoretical, and applied implications of the study are discussed, and sugge...
Spatial distribution of eggs by ovipositing Indian meal moths,Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

A series of increasing egg densities was obtained by releasing various numbers of femalePlodia interpunctella (Hubner) in rooms where dishes of moth rearing medium were evenly spaced on the floor. The number of larvae produced in each dish was taken as an indication of the number of eggs that had been laid. At all egg densities, the eggs were aggregated, and most of the distributions conformed quite well with the negative binormial, but the degree of aggregation denreased as mean egg density increased. The implications of the results for the development of ware-house sampling strategies are discussed.
Aminophylline exposure alters mouse bone marrow-derived mast cell adenosine responsiveness

Aminophylline-treated mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells exhibit a hyperresponsiveness to adenosine addition (10(-6) to 10(-4) mol/L) at the time of secretagogue challenge coincident with an up regulation of adenosine receptor numbers. This effect on beta-hexosaminidase release is maximal at 100 mumol/L of aminophylline, evident after 5 days of aminophylline exposure, and reversed by 6 days after washing. Neither radiolabeled arachidonic acid nor leukotriene C4 release in the absence or presence of adenosine was altered by aminophylline treatment. Although cAMP levels were dynamically changed by adenosine or secretagogue, these changes were not different in the two cell populations; resting and challenged mast cell adenosine levels were similarly unaffected by aminophylline. The long-term action of aminophylline on mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells appears to be primarily on adenosine receptors and thereby on preformed mediators, and this action may have some importance in the pathophysiology and treatment of asthma.
Severity of anxiety in mental health versus addiction treatment settings when social anxiety and substance abuse are comorbid

Abstract There is increasing interest in the co-occurrence of social anxiety and addiction. Each investigation has a specific vantage point, e.g. the effect social anxiety has in a population with addiction or that of addiction in a population with social anxiety, which could create unique findings. Among comorbid individuals, is social anxiety more severe in people seeking treatment for anxiety, as compared to those seeking treatment for addiction? This report compares social anxiety severity between subjects in two studies—one involving socially anxious individuals (n = 38) seeking treatment for addictions; the other (n = 41) subjects with social anxiety and an alcohol use disorder, seeking treatment for social anxiety. Baseline severity scores on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for social anxiety were compared between the groups. No significant differences were found. For both groups, social anxiety was largely in the severe range. The results suggest that clinicians should attend to social anxiety symptom severity in patients with co-occurring social anxiety and addiction, regardless of the condition for which treatment is sought.
Jim Wright's resignation speech: De‐legitimization or redemption?

Tarnished political figures de‐legitimize the roles, values, and political spectacle they represent. Jim Wright's resignation as Speaker of the House serves as a case study in de‐legitimizing rhetoric which postures the form of Burkean redemption. Wright's attempt at a rhetoric of propitiation fails when he refuses to admit blame, seeking instead to be the “blameless” goat of redemption for a polluted Congressional scene.
Pseudomonas kuykendallii sp. nov.: A Novel γ-Proteobacteria Isolated From a Hexazinone Degrading Bioreactor

Three strains of Gram-negative bacteria designated strains H2(T), H6, and H7 were isolated from bioreactors that degraded the herbicide hexazinone. Similar morphological characteristics, cellular fatty acid profiles, and 16S rRNA gene sequences show that the isolates are members of the same species. These characteristics also show that the isolates belong to the genus Pseudomonas with P. graminis, P. putida, and P. stutzeri as close relatives. The 16S rRNA gene of the H2(T) strain differed from that of type strains for P. graminis, P. putida, and P. stutzeri by 1.9, 2.5, and 2.7 %, respectively, indicating that the H2(T), H6, and H7 strains are related to P. graminis, P. putida, and P. stutzeri but are different enough to represent a novel species. The G+C content of the three strains averaged 61.2 ± 0.8 mol% which is similar to the values reported for P. graminis (61), P. putida (61.6), and P. stutzeri (62.2-65.5). The major cellular fatty acids present in the H2(T) strain were C(18:1) ω7c/C (18:1) ω6c (34.3 %), C(16:1) ω6c/C(16:1) ω7c (27.4 %), C(16:0) (20.6 %), C(12:0) (7.9 %), C(12:0) 3-OH (4.5 %), and C(10:0) 3-OH (3.1 %). The name Pseudomonas kuykendallii sp. nov. is proposed for these bacteria.
A pitfall in the prenatal diagnosis of Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome by chorionic villus sampling

The ratio of the activities of catabolic enzymes such as 5'-nucleotidase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase to that of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) may be much higher in frozen or cultured chorionic villus cells than in cultured amniotic fluid cells, cultured fibroblasts, or red blood cells. Consequently, unless these catabolic activities are controlled the observed activity of HPRT may be greatly decreased, and a false diagnosis of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome may result. For a reliable diagnosis, the reaction products of HPRT must be protected from catabolism.
Quasi-particle lifetimes on noble metal surfaces studied by ARPES and STM

Abstract The energy dependence of quasi-particle lifetimes of electronic states contains a variety of information about many-particle interactions in solids. We discuss the capabilities that angle-resolved photoemission and scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy have for studying the contributions to lifetime broadening due to electron–electron, electron–phonon and electron–defect scattering. Using noble metal surfaces as model systems, we compare the energy and temperature dependence of quasi-particle lifetimes of two- and three-dimensional states to theory. In many cases the contribution to lifetime broadening due to Auger decay can not be described by Fermi liquid theory for free-electron-like systems. The symmetry and the localization of the states involved in the decay have to be considered when calculating the phase space available for decay. The advantages of the different experimental techniques and the possible applications to complex materials are also discussed.
Antioxidant properties of medicinal plants

Impulse voltamperometry was used to study the antioxidant activity of a series of tinctures from medicinal plants. Effective concentrations were determined and a series of comparative evaluations of their antioxidant and antiradical activities was constructed; these were maximal in St. John’s wort, ginseng, rosewort, and Eleutherococcus. A possible mechanism of the antioxidant action of these plants in the body is suggested.
Libraries as knowledge management centers

Purpose – This paper proposes enhancing libraries to act as knowledge management centers for small businesses, providing both knowledge management (KM) and competitive intelligence (CI) services. Design/methodology/approach – The requirements for a Library Knowledge Management Center (LKMC) are presented and briefly examined. KM, CI, ontologies, and the Semantic Web are all considered, and the steps needed to realize a LKMC are presented. Findings – An approach to developing a LKMC is provided, as is a rationale for the proposal. Future research issues for realization of this proposal are addressed. Research limitations/implications – This paper presents a conceptual overview of a project that is still in its early stages, and as such its practicality is difficult to evaluate. Practical implications – This proposal, if followed up with future research, will prove beneficial to both small business and to libraries. Small businesses are not always able to gather sufficient internal and external knowledge to assist in strategic planning and positioning, and thus are unable to compete with larger rivals whose resources allow them to develop sophisticated KM and CI systems. LKMCs hold promise to level the playing field. Libraries benefit because this reaffirms their relevance in a digital age in which so much information is freely available to patrons. Originality/value – This paper proposes a new service for libraries, one that will assist small businesses in competing more effectively with larger competitors.
Developmental behaviour of the abdominal histoblasts in the housefly.

THERE are advantages in using the single layered insect epidermis for analysis of polarity and pattern formation in multicellular organisms1–3. In insects other than Diptera the repeating segmental gradients and intersegmental membranes, and the influence of segmental margins on bristle and scale orientation, have been demonstrated by skin grafting4–8. In higher Diptera, epidermal development is different; during metamorphosis the larval epidermal cells break down completely and the adult epidermis is formed by proliferation and spreading of imaginal disk cells9,10. I query whether the information for polarity and segmentation is inherent in the imaginal cells or whether the larval system provides some sort of blueprint for their spreading.
Psychopathology and Resilience in Asian American Children and Adolescents

(1997). Psychopathology and Resilience in Asian American Children and Adolescents. Applied Developmental Science: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 145-155.
Important factors for BPR success in manufacturing firms

Business Process Reengineering has been touted by many as dramatic improvements necessary for organization competitiveness, but in practice there are many unsuccessful cases. Thus, there is need for a more systematic and rigorous assessment of the factors deemed important to project success. That is the main objective of this study. In this case, success has been defined in three different ways: goals and objectives accomplished by the project, benefits derived from the project, and its impact on company performance. Based on the results, recommendations are made for managers to focus attention and resources on factors important to success, and to proceed in a fashion which minimizes the risk of failure. The point of entry into the companies participating in this study were internal auditing directors and comptrollers (IA's). Questionnaires were mailed to the IA's of 586 randomly selected manufacturing organizations. The usable sample of 135 questionnaires represent a 22 percent response rate. In general, organizations are not emphasizing some of the most important activities and tasks recommended in the BPR literature, such as changes to customer/market related business processes, the value-added element of every business activity, and applying the right innovative technology. Based on the findings as a whole, it behooves top managers not to engage in BPR before ensuring the presence of the success factors found to be important. While the findings are based on manufacturing companies, the results may be generalizable to other industrial sectors.
Uptake of ferritin and iron bound to ferritin by rat hepatocytes: modulation by apotransferrin, iron chelators and chloroquine

Rat liver ferritin is an effective donor of iron to rat hepatocytes. Uptake of iron from ferritin by the cells is partially inhibited by including apotransferrin in the culture medium, but not by inclusion of diferric transferrin. This inhibition is dependent on the concentration of apotransferrin, with a 30% depression in iron incorporation in the cells detected at apotransferrin concentrations above 40 μg/ml. However, apotransferrin does not interfere with uptake of 125I-labeled ferritin, suggesting that apotransferrin decreases retention of iron taken up from ferritin by hepatocytes by sequestering a portion of released iron before it has entered the metabolic pathway of the cells. The iron chelators desferrioxamine (100 μM), citrate (10 mM) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (100 μM) reduce iron uptake by the cells by 35, 25 and 8%, respectively. In contrast, 1 mM ascorbate increases iron accumulation by 20%. At a subtoxic concentration of 100 μM, chloroquine depresses ferritin and iron uptake by hepatocytes by more than 50% after 3 h incubation. Chloroquine presumably acts by retarding lysosomal degradation of ferritin and recycling of ferritin receptors.
Escape from a gravitational system of positive energy

It is proved in this article that under the condition defined in Equation (6), whent→∞, at least two particles must escape from a Newtonian gravitational system of positive energy.
Prostaglandin E2 modulation of human monocyte antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against human red blood cells.

Abstract The effect of inhibitors of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) synthesis on monocyte as well as lymphocyte antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against human red blood cells was studied. Effector cells were obtained from normal healthy controls and from patients with previously resected malignant melanoma who were receiving adjuvant immunotherapy with subcutaneous Corynebacterium parvum . Patient monocyte ADCC was significantly increased compared to controls (25% vs 8%) at effector-to-target ratios of 1:2; lymphocyte ADCC was similar in both groups. Indomethacin at 10 −6 M significantly augmented monocyte ADCC in patients, but not in controls; lymphocyte ADCC was not affected. Rabbit antibody to human PGE 2 had a similar effect on patient monocyte ADCC, suggesting that the mechanism of augmentation was via blocking of PGE 2 secreted during the course of the reaction. The data suggest that PGE 2 acts as a feedback mechanism to limit monocyte and not lymphocyte ADCC. Furthermore, monocytes must be preactivated for augmentation by PGE 2 inhibitors to occur.
Nerve conduction theory: Some mathematical consequences of Bernstein's model

The generally accepted permeability theory of nerve conduction is presented in mathematical form. The resulting velocity formula is found to agree well with data on squid giant axon, but predicts velocities considerably too high in the case ofNitella. The dependence of velocity on fiber diameter is discussed for both medullated and non-medullated nerve, it being shown theoretically that velocity is proportional to the square root of diameter for non-medullated and to the diameter for medullated nerve. The equations relating the shape of the action spike to the observed permeability changes are given but are not solved.
Excretion patterns of titanium dioxide and chromic oxide in duodenal digesta and feces of ewes

Abstract Our objective was to examine differences in marker excretion patterns between Cr2O3 and TiO2 in mature ewes fed diets varying in level of forage. Three experiments were conducted using an all forage diet, a 50% forage diet, and a 25% forage diet. In all three experiments, ewes were dosed intraruminally twice daily at feeding with gelatin boluses containing 2.5 g Cr2O3 and 2.5 g TiO2. Following 7 days of adaptation to markers, fecal grab samples were collected at 6-h intervals for 6 days, representing every 1-h interval in a theoretical 24-h clock. On days 14–16 of each experiment, spot samples of duodenal digesta were collected at times representing 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h after the morning feeding. Duodenal TiO2 and Cr2O3 concentrations exhibited a diurnal pattern after feeding in all three experiments, but there were no marker × time interactions. Although fecal concentrations of TiO2 were higher than Cr2O3 in all three experiments, there were no significant marker × time interactions observed. The lack of significant marker × time interactions resulted in little effect of sample collection frequency on mean concentrations of either marker, and as such, the frequency with which either duodenal or fecal samples are collected may be reduced in animals dosed twice daily without markedly affecting mean marker concentrations. Although estimates of digesta flow may differ between markers, the patterns of marker excretion observed suggest that TiO2 behaves similarly to Cr2O3 within the gastrointestinal tract, and thus is an acceptable alternative to Cr2O3 for use in site and extent of digestion studies with ruminants.
Cytology of Cold Induced Transformation of Octogenic Reproductive Cysts to Resting Cysts in Colpoda maupasi

SYNOPSIS. Octogenic reproductive cysts are transformed into resting cysts when returned to optimal temperature following prior exposure to cold (5°C) for at least 36 hours. In the cold, the reproductive process ceases and macronuclei revert to the interphase condition. Transformation to resting cysts is synchronous. Induced encystment is accompanied by excessive macronuclear extrusion and is associated with a loss in division potential, resulting in no division, or 1 or 2 divisions in the induced resting cyst. These observations support the hypothesis that exposure to cold during a critical period of the predivisional stage may alter reproductive protein synthesis and favor cyst protein synthesis. The extensive macronuclear extrusions associated with this transition suggest their biochemical involvement in the encystment process.
Data for All: A Systems Approach to Accelerate the Path from Data to Insight

Zettabytes of data are available to be harvested for competitive business advantage, sound government policies, and new insights in a broad array of applications. Yet, most of this data is inaccessible for users, since current data analysis tools require an army of technical people to find, transform, analyze, and visualize data in order to make it consumable for decision making. In this paper, we present work in progress to lower the barriers for data-driven decision making by introducing a systems approach to scale the user experience, not only in the volume and variety of data, but also in the skills required to harvest that data. We call for a new approach for data-intensive applications that engages the user as an intelligent partner in a social and intelligent conversation with data by automating, guiding, and recommending data, transformations, visualizations, analytics, and suggesting collaboration opportunities within an analytics marketplace, and leverages both metadata and semantic information about the data captured from conversations.
The ethical decision-making processes of information systems workers

An empirical investigation was conducted to determine whether management information systems (MIS) majors, on average, exhibit ethical decision-making processes that differ from students in other functional business areas. The research also examined whether the existence of a computer-based information system in an ethical dilemma influences ethical desision-making processes. Although student subjects were used, the research instrument has been highly correlated with educational levels attained by adult subjects in similar studies. Thus, we feel that our results have a high likelihood of generalization to the MIS professional community. The results indicate that MIS majors exhibit more socially-oriented ethical decision-making processes than non-MIS majors measured by the Defining Issues Test. The results also indicate that the existence of a computer-based information system in an ethical dilemma may influence ethical decision-making processes. The study makes no statement regarding MIS majors making “more (or less) ethical” decisions. The business ethics literature is reviewed, details of the study are presented, implications for management are considered, and directions for future research are suggested.
Asymptotically efficient approaches to quantum-mechanical parameter estimation

Abstract This paper presents two approaches to quantum-mechanical parameter estimation. For commuting density operators, a maximum-likelihood estimator is described, and its asymptotic properties are discussed, including the asymptotic efficiency. The selection of an observable for noncommuting density operators is considered, and the maximumlikelihood approach is generalized to the case where the symmetric logarithmic derivatives commute. A quantum-mechanical stochastic approximation algorithm is presented, which, under certain conditions, is asymptotically efficient, even if the density operators for different parameter values do not commute. The results are applied to the quantum estimation of unknown frequencies, and the convergence conditions for this problem are discussed.
Surface water storage capacity of selected crop leaves under irrigation sprays

Abstract The surface water storage capacity of individual leaves of lettuce, cucumber, and tomato plants was determined for different spray irrigation drop sizes, stem angles, and leaf temperatures. For a given type of plant, significant difference was found between spray drop sizes, but stem angle and temperature had no significant effect on the storage capacity. The average surface storage capacity was 0.20 mm, 0.18 mm, and 0.11 mm for lettuce, tomatoes and cucumbers, respectively.
Overt behavior problems and serotonergic function in middle childhood among male and female offspring of alcoholic fathers

A large body of literature indicates that the serotonergic system is involved in behavioral regulation, as evidenced by the inverse relationship between impulsive aggression and serotonergic function found in adult alcoholics and nonalcoholics. However, studies of this relationship among child and adolescent offspring of alcoholics (COAs) have not previously been done. This study examines the potentially parallel relationship between behavioral dysregulation and low serotonergic function in young COAs. The relationship is of potential interest as a phenotypic marker of biological vulnerability to aggressiveness, which itself has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for later antisocial alcoholism. The present work is part of an ongoing prospective study of the development of risk for alcohol abuse/dependence and other problematic outcomes in a sample of families subtyped by the fathers' alcoholism classification. We examined the relationship between overt behavior problems in middle childhood (mean age = 10.5 +/- 1.7 years) and whole blood serotonin (5-HT) in a subsample of the offspring (N = 32 boys and 12 girls). Using a Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) index of behavioral undercontrol, we obtained results indicating that high total behavior problem (TBP) children had lower levels of whole blood 5-HT than did low-TBP children (p < 0.01). These results support the hypothesis that there is an inverse relationship between whole blood serotonin levels and behavior problems in young male and female COAs. A father's alcoholism status was not significantly related to his child's 5-HT level, i.e., the child's phenotypic expression of behavioral dysregulation was more reliably connected to serotonergic function than was paternal alcoholism.
H I 21 Centimeter Absorption beyond the Epoch of Reionization

We explore the possibility of detecting H I 21 cm absorption by the neutral intergalactic medium (IGM) toward very high redshift radio sources. The epoch considered is between the time when the first ionizing sources form and when the bulk of the neutral IGM becomes ionized. Because of the extreme Lyα opacities of the neutral IGM, objects within this "gray age" can be observed only at wavelengths longer than about 1 μm. We use the latest simulations of the evolution of the IGM in the context of Λ cold dark matter structure formation models constrained by observations of the highest redshift QSOs to predict the optical depth as a function of frequency of the neutral IGM due to the H I 21 cm line. We then simulate radio spectra assuming observational parameters for future large-area radio telescopes. These spectra show that H I 21 cm absorption studies could be a powerful probe of the rich structure of the neutral IGM prior to the epoch of reionization, including ~1% absorption by the mean neutral IGM, plus deeper, narrow lines (≥5% and a few kilometers per second). Most of the variations in transmissivity are due to mild density inhomogeneities with typical values of the cosmic overdensity δ ~ 10, precisely the structures that at later times give rise to the Lyα forest. We also consider sensitivity limits and the evolution of radio source populations and conclude that it is reasonable to hypothesize the existence of an adequate number of high-z radio sources against which such absorption studies could be performed.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): Novel therapeutic targets in renal disease

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): Novel therapeutic targets in renal disease. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors. PPARs play an important role in the general transcriptional control of numerous cellular processes, including lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, cell cycle progression, cell differentiation, inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling. Three PPAR isoforms, designated PPARα, PPARβ and PPARγ, have been cloned and are differentially expressed in several tissues including the kidney. PPARα primary regulates lipid metabolism and modulates inflammation. PPARα is the molecular target of the hypolipidemic fibrates including bezafibrate and clofibrate. PPARβ participates in embryonic development, implantation and bone formation. PPARγ is a key factor in adipogenesis and also plays an important role in insulin sensitivity, cell cycle regulation and cell differentiation. Antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) such as troglitazone and rosiglitazone are specific ligands of PPARγ, and this interaction is responsible for the insulin-sensitizing and hypoglycemic effect of these drugs. The kidney has been shown to differentially express all PPAR isoforms. PPARα is predominantly expressed in proximal tubules and medullary thick ascending limbs, while PPARγ is expressed in medullary collecting ducts, pelvic urothelium and glomerular mesangial cells. PPARβ is ubiquitously expressed at low levels in all segments of nephron. Accumulating data has begun to emerge suggesting physiological and pathophysiological roles of PPARs in several tissues including the kidney. The availability of PPAR-selective agonists and antagonists may provide a new approach to modulate the renal response to diseases including glomerulonephritis, glomerulosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy.
Behavioristic foundations of utility

In the past two decades there has been an intensive development of the subject of decision making. A variety of objectives and viewpoints has dominated the constructive as well as the critical work on the subject. Nonetheless a pervasive goal of nearly all contributors has been the elucidation of a theory of rationality for purposive behavior in situations of risk and uncertainty. Intuitively we expect every considered judgment or decision of a serious person to be rational in some definite sense. Certain authorities would maintain even that every considered decision of any mammalian organism is rational in the sense of representing the attempt to maximize some significant quantity. The most prominent “maximization” analysis of rationality is the thesis that the decisionmaker should maximize expected utility or value with respect to his beliefs concerning the facts of the situation. To perform this maximization, he needs to have, or to act as if he had, a subjective probability function measuring his degrees of belief and a utility function measuring the relative value to him of the various possible outcomes of his actions or decisions.
Inhibition of sodium-calcium and sodium-proton exchangers by amiloride congeners in arterial muscle cells.

Abstract The inhibitory potencies of several amiloride congeners towards Na + -Ca 2+ and Na + -H + exchange were compared in rat aortic myocytes. N -(2,4-Dimethylbenzyl)amiloride (DMB) was 10 times more potent towards Na + -Ca 2+ than Na + -H + exchange. Amiloride and ethylisopropylamiloride were about 5,000 and 10,000 times more potent towards Na + -H + than Na + -Ca 2+ exchange respectively. N -(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)amiloride was almost equipotent towards both exchangers. About 40 nM ethylisopropylamiloride inhibited Na + -H + exchange by 50%. Ethylisopropylamiloride (10 μM) had no effect on basal or angiotensin-evoked 45 Ca 2+ efflux or net Ca 2+ efflux. In contrast to ethylisopropylamiloride, 25–50 μM DMB, which strongly inhibits Na + -Ca 2+ exchange, markedly decreased both 45 Ca 2+ efflux and net Ca 2+ efflux produced by angiotensin. Replacing extracellular Na + with N- methyl- D -glucamine inhibited angiotensin-evoked 45 Ca 2+ efflux similarly to DMB. Neither DMB nor Na + placement had any effect on basal or angiotensin-evoked production of [ 3 H]inositol phosphates. These findings suggest that Na + -H + exchange has no major influence on short-term Ca 2+ regulation and provide evidence that Na + -Ca 2+ exchange is a major pathway of rapid Ca 2+ efflux in stimulated arterial muscle cells.
Saline-filled breast implants: a Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation multicenter outcomes study.

In 1993, the Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation commissioned the senior author (Cunningham) to design an 11-center retrospective cohort outcomes study to obtain physician- and patient-reported data on saline-filled breast implants. Data were obtained from 504 patients with 995 saline-filled brea