cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Molecular Beam Epitaxy: Effect of Ion-Induced Sputtering

Steady state roughness of surfaces growing by molecular beam epitaxy is investigated by Monte Carlo simulations under conditions where an ion beam is also present which sputters adatoms off the surface. If the sputtering is random, it only increases the roughness. But if the sputtering probability is strongly dependent on the binding energy of an adatom within a cluster or island, the ions can have a smoothening effect. Physical arguments are given in support of the results.
Gene sequence and primary structure of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The nucleotide sequence was determined for a 1.5-kilobase genomic fragment containing the mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase gene (MDH1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The open-reading frame encodes a precursor form of the mature enzyme containing an amino-terminal extension of 17 amino acid residues. In vitro translation experiments confirm that the initial translation product of MDH1 is larger than the mature polypeptide. Transcription of MDH1 initiates at several sites from 83 to 97 nucleotides 5' of the translational start site. Alignment of the amino acid sequence for the mature yeast enzyme with those for mammalian mitochondrial and for Escherichia coli malate dehydrogenases reveals polypeptides of very similar sizes with identical amino acids at 54% and 48% of the residue positions, respectively. The amino acid sequences of the yeast and mammalian mitochondrial targeting sequences are similar but less related than the mature polypeptides. The yeast MDH1 gene is shown to reside on chromosome XI.
Magnetization and specific heat of LaTiO 3

The orbital ground state of ${\mathrm{LaTiO}}_{3}$ is still under debate. Recent letters [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3950 (2000); 85, 3946 (2000)] discussed a scenario of an orbital liquid, and provided theoretical predictions about orbital contributions to the specific heat. Here we present the results of heat capacity and magnetic measurements. Based on model calculations we determine an electronic ground state which gives g values compatible with the experimentally observed ordered moment and the paramagnetic susceptibility. The heat capacity of ${\mathrm{LaTiO}}_{3}$ is compared with that of orbitally ordered ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3}.$ We conclude that most of the low-temperature heat capacity arises from magnon contributions in both ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{LaTiO}}_{3}.$
Effects of Scaffold Design Parameters and Local Environment on Biopolymer Scaffold Degradation

Biodegradable polymers have been extensively used in tissue engineering as temporary porous scaffolding structures to host or guide tissue/organ regeneration. The advantage lies in that the polymers degrade away harmlessly in the body. One key requirement in tissue scaffold design is to control the scaffolding degradation and erosion that synchronize the new cell/tissue growth. The degradation and/or erosion for biodegradable polymers are influenced by a multitude of factors. This paper presents an in vitro experimental study to examine effects of scaffold design parameters and local environment on the degradation rate of biopolymer scaffolds. Parameters considered are scaffold pore size, material composition and cellular activity.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Can planetesimals left over from terrestrial planet formation produce the lunar Late Heavy Bombardment

Abstract The lunar Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) defines a time between ∼3.8 to possibly 4.1 Gy ago when the Nectarian and early-Imbrium basins on the Moon with reasonably well-constrained ages were formed. Some have argued that these basins were produced by a terminal cataclysm that caused a spike in the inner Solar System impactor flux during this interval. Others have suggested the basins were formed by the tail end of a monotonically decreasing impactor population originally produced by planet formation processes in the inner Solar System. Here we investigate whether this so-called declining bombardment scenario of the LHB is consistent with constraints provided by planet formation models as well as the inferred ages of Nectaris, Serenitatis, Imbrium, and Orientale. We did this by modeling the collisional and dynamical evolution of the post-planet formation population (PPP) for a range of starting PPP masses. Using a Monte Carlo code, we computed the probability that the aforementioned basins were created at various times after the Moon-forming event approximately 4.54 Ga. Our results indicate that the likelihood that the declining bombardment scenario produced Nectaris, Serenitatis, Imbrium, and Orientale (or even just Imbrium and Orientale) at any of their predicted ages is extremely low and can be ruled out at the 3σ confidence level, regardless of the PPP's starting mass. The reason is that collisional and dynamical evolution quickly depletes the PPP, leaving behind a paucity of large projectiles capable of producing the Moon's youngest basins between 3.8–4.1 Gy ago. If collisions are excluded from our model, we find that the PPP produces numerous South Pole-Aitken-like basins during the pre-Nectarian period. This is inconsistent with our understanding of lunar topography. Accordingly, our results lead us to conclude that the terminal cataclysm scenario is the only existing LHB paradigm at present that is both viable from a dynamical modeling perspective and consistent with existing constraints.
Altered structure and composition of retinal cells in dark-reared mammals☆

Abstract Retinas of cats, hooded rats, and chimpanzees reared in total darkness from birth were compared with those from controls matched for age and reared in light with normal day and night variation. Microphotometric measurement of azure B binding was used to estimate ribonucleic acid (RNA) concentration in individual ganglion cells. Relative protein levels were judged visually after staining with fast green or the Millon reaction. There was a marked lowering of cytoplasmic and nucleolar RNA levels in neurons from the multipolar, bipolar, and receptor cell layers of retinas from dark-reared cats. Protein levels were also appreciably lowered in these subjects, and a significant reduction of mean nucleolar volume and in cytoplasmic cross-sectional area of ganglion cells was found. The inner plexiform layer was consistently thinner in retinas from cats reared in darkness, although there were no apparent differences in thickness of cell body layers, nor in frequencies of the several cell types within any one particular layer. Comparable but less extensive data are presented for hooded rats. Markedly depressed RNA and protein levels were also found in retinal ganglion cells of two dark-reared chimpanzees, associated with degeneration of the ganglion cell layer. The data suggest that adequate light stimulation is a major variable controlling the development of normal ribonucleoprotein levels in cells of the mammalian retina.
Effects of sodium saccharin and linoleic acid on mRNA levels of Her2/neu and p53 in a human breast epithelial cell line

The effects of two food-related chemicals (sodium saccharin and linoleic acid) on the levels of Her2/neu and p53 mRNA in a non-cancerous human breast epithelial cell line (HBL-100) were tested in comparison with the effects of the known tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA). Treatments were made both with and without prior treatment with two well-known tumor initiators, N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). The effects in general were small, the greatest being increases of 46-67% in Her2/neu mRNA levels in response to treatments with TPA or sodium saccharin following NMU treatments. These results demonstrate that sodium saccharin following NMU treatments might be involved in transcriptional regulation of Her2/neu in HBL-100 cells and suggest that its effects may not be limited to urinary bladder.
Can farmers map their farm system? Causal mapping and the sustainability of sheep/beef farms in New Zealand

It is generally accepted that farmers manage a complex farm system. In this article we seek answers to the following questions. How do farmers perceive and understand their farm system? Are they sufficiently aware of their farm system that they are able to represent it in the form of a map? The research reported describes how causal mapping was applied to sheep/beef farmers in New Zealand and shows that farmers can create maps of their farm systems in ways that allow expression of both individual maps and the formation of group maps which represent the general character of farm systems. A group map was made for all the farmers studied and for subgroups using conventional, integrated, and organic management systems. The results are discussed in terms of the depth of meaning associated with individual elements of the map, map complexity and the limitations of causal mapping. Causal mapping has the potential to contribute to our knowledge of how farmers see their farm systems, and this can benefit farmers and other stakeholders concerned with the management of farms and their economic and environmental performance.
Diagnostic aspects of narcolepsy

The diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy continue to evolve as more is learned about the features of this and other sleep disorders. A variety of symptoms have been said to distinguish narcolepsy from other sleep disorders, including cataplexy, character of daytime sleepiness, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and automatic behavior. Other diagnostic assessments, such as determination of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype and findings of sleep laboratory assessments, also contribute to the differential diagnosis. As diagnostic and analytic techniques have become more sophisticated, however, it has become apparent that many of the characteristic features of narcolepsy--including the HLA-DR2 haplotype, sleep-onset REM sleep, and short sleep latency--may also be present in other sleep disorders. Although unambiguous cataplexy does not occur with other sleep disorders and is therefore a valuable symptom for diagnosis, it may occur with a few other neurologic disorders. Furthermore, the clinical assessment of cataplexy-like symptoms is not always straightforward. Current evidence suggests there is a fairly well-defined syndrome of narcolepsy-cataplexy that is highly associated with specific HLA markers and REM sleep abnormalities. On the other hand, there is substantial clinical overlap between narcolepsy without cataplexy and idiopathic hypersomnia. Patients with features of narcolepsy who do not have definite cataplexy and patients with features of idiopathic hypersomnia must be assessed thoroughly because of the possibility that other sleep disorders are the cause of the symptoms.
Mixtures of polymer tails and loops grafted to an impenetrable interface

Abstract Property modification of an inorganic surface can be readily achieved through the use of macromolecules chemically grafted to the surface at specific functional sites along the chain. While numerous efforts have addressed the properties of linear chains grafted at one end (tails), relatively few have extended such studies to include double-tethered chains (loops). In this work, we consider loop/tail mixtures in which both chain species possess an identical number of repeat units. Bond-fluctuation simulations have been performed to ascertain the effects of composition, chain length and surface density on the segmental density distribution and layer height of each constituent species and of the mixture. These results compare favourably with self-consistent field predictions for bidisperse mixtures of grafted tails differing in length by a factor of two.
Modulation of apomorphine-induced stereotypy by estrogen: Time course and dose response ☆

Abstract Previous data have indicated that estrogen may either suppress or enhance the potency of dopamine and/or dopamine agonists. The effects of estrogen (estradiol benzoate; EB) in ovariectomized rats were indicative of a dose related suppression of apomorphine-induced stereotypy at 24 hours after the last dose of EB. However, at 48 hours after the last dose of EB, the apomorphine-induced stereotypy was enhanced in those animals that received EB at 100 μg/kg × 3 days. Ninety-six hours after the last injection of EB, all animals that received either the 100 or 50 μg/kg dose of EB displayed an enhanced behavioral response to apomorphine. Animals pretreated with a low dose of EB (10 μg/kg × 3 days) displayed a suppressed apomorphine stereotypy score at 24 hours, after the last dose, but were indistinguishable from Oil injected ovariectomized controls in all subsequent behavioral tests. These data indicate that estrogen can suppress dopamine and/or dopamine agonist potency 24 hours after the last dose of estrogen. However, an enhanced behavioral response to dopamine agonists can be seen at 48 hours (or more) after the last dose of estrogen. The time delay and the dose dependence of the enhanced response to dopamine agonists are indicative of a “withdrawal” phenomenon, suggesting the possibility that the role of endogenous estrogen is to suppress dopaminergic function.
Managing anastomotic leaks from intestinal anastomoses.

A leaking intestinal anastomosis is typically regarded as a devastating post-operative complication. The reported incidence of anastomotic leakage is highly variable and depends on the definitions used and the anatomical location involved. Early leaks are usually readily diagnosed and aggressive management is warranted. Late leaks may be unrecognised and are likely to be underreported in the literature; diagnosis and treatment in this setting requires a thoughtful, individualised approach.
Comparing fine-grained performance on the Ambric MPPA against an FPGA

A simple image-processing application is implemented on the Ambric MPPA and an FPGA, using a similar implementation for both devices. FPGAs perform extremely well on this kind of application and provide a good benchmark for comparison. The Ambric implementation starts out with a naive implementation and proceeds through several design optimizations until it reaches a maximum frame rate of 164 FPS (512 x 512 images) which turns out to be approximately 7x slower than the FPGA. The final Ambric implementation uses only 18 of 336 available processors, achieves more than sufficient performance for realtime embedded applications, and has excess processors to use for implementing additional algorithms. After introducing the image processing application and its implementation on both devices, the paper compares and contrasts the intrinsic, general characteristics of Ambric MPPA and FPGA devices.
Antioxidant property of aroma extract isolated from clove buds [Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry]

Abstract Aroma extract from dried clove buds [Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry] was obtained by using steam-distillation under mild conditions (55°C and 95 mm Hg). The antioxidant property of the aroma extract was evaluated in two different assays. The aroma extract isolated from clove buds inhibited the oxidation of hexanal for 30 days at a level of 50 μg/ml. Clove bud extract inhibited malonaldehyde formation from cod liver oil by 93% at the 160 μg/ml level. Twenty-two compounds were identified in the extracts of clove buds by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The major aroma constituents of clove buds were eugenol (24.371 mg/g) and eugenyl acetate (2.354 mg/g). Eugenol, eugenyl acetate, and benzyl alcohol inhibited the oxidation of hexanal by 99, 99, and 82%, respectively, for a period of 30 days at 500 μg/ml. Eugenol, eugenyl acetate, and benzyl alcohol inhibited malonaldehyde formation from cod liver oil by 88, 79, and 63%, respectively, at 160 μg/ml. The antioxidant activity of clove bud extract and its major aroma components, eugenol and eugenyl acetate, were comparable to that of the natural antioxidant, α-tocopherol (vitamin E).
Reactions of Cyclopropenes with Organoaluminum Compounds and Other Organometallic Compounds: Formation of Ring-Opened Products

Reactions of 1-ethylspiro[2.5]oct-1-ene and triethylaluminum furnish a product that results from addition of triethylaluminum to the double bond with opening of the three-membered ring to form an allylic organoaluminum compound and a second product that results from addition of this allylic organoaluminum compound to the cyclopropene double bond. Reactions of spiro[2.5]oct-1-ene with triethylaluminum furnish two products resulting from addition to the cyclopropene double bond, one of triethylaluminum and the other of an allylic organoaluminum compound formed by addition of triethylaluminum to the cyclopropene double bond with opening of the three-membered ring. Reactions of the spiro compounds with triethylboron, triethylgallium, diethylzinc, or diethylcadmium also furnish rearrangement products, but reactions with diethylmagnesium or ethyllithium furnish only addition products.
Altered cell surface expression and signaling of leptin receptors containing the fatty mutation.

Leptin and the leptin receptor are key players in the regulation of body weight. In an attempt to dissect the molecular mechanism of the Zucker fatty rat leptin receptor mutation (Gln269 → Pro) we analyzed the effects of this mutation on leptin receptor signaling and expression in three different expression systems: 1) 32D cells expressing leptin/erythropoietin receptor chimeras, 2) COS-7 cells expressing a leptin receptor short form, and 3) 293 cells expressing soluble receptor forms. To determine if the Gln269 → Pro mutation is critical for the observed phenotype, we made a similar Gln → Pro mutation at a vicinal residue two amino acids upstream of the fatty mutation to see if it would have similar effects. Incorporation of either of the Gln → Pro mutations into wild type receptor forms did not interfere with leptin binding, but it resulted in a signaling-incompetent receptor. In addition, the majority of the mutant receptor protein was localized intracellularly. Our results suggest that the obese phenotype resulting from the Gln269 → Pro mutation in the leptin receptor of the Zucker fatty rat may be due not only to a reduced cell surface expression of this form of the leptin receptor, but also to a post-leptin binding malfunction of the receptor that interferes with subsequent signal transduction.
Topical antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of surgical wound infections from dermatologic procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

AbstractImportance: Topical antibiotics are not indicated for postsurgical wound infection prophylaxis in clean and clean-contaminated dermatologic surgeries, yet many dermatologists continue to prescribe them. The objective of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to critically assess the efficacy of topical antibiotics in terms of preventing postsurgical wound infections in the dermatology outpatient setting.Methods: PubMed, Embase, MD Consult, Science Direct, Springer Link, DynaMed and Cochrane online medical databases were searched from 1980 to 2013.Results: Using random effects modeling, the pooled odds ratio of developing a postsurgical wound infection was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.42–1.19).Discussion: Pooled data of the four trials in the meta-analysis did not show a statistically significant difference in incidence of postsurgical wound infections between topical antibiotics and petrolatum/paraffin. In the setting of moist occlusive dressings, there is no statistically significant difference in prophy...
Effects of intraventricular norepinephrine on preoptic-anterior hypothalamic electrical activity in the freely-moving rat: modulation by ovarian steroid hormones

In freely-moving female rats the effects of intraventricular infusion of norepinephrine (NE) on multiunit activity (MUA) were examined in the Diagonal Band of Broca (DBB), medial preoptic area (MPOA) and anterior hypothalamic area (AHA), regions containing neurons producing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). NE was infused at a dosage known to depress plasma LH levels in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and elevate plasma LH concentrations in OVX-estrogen-progesterone-primed (EBP) animals. It was found that in adult OVX rats MUA in the brain areas listed above was almost invariably inhibited by NE (20 of 23 cases or 87%; the other three cases showed no change in electrical activity). However, after priming with estrogen and progesterone only about one-third of the OVX-EBP rats gave an inhibitory response, with another one-third showing no change in MUA and the final one-third of the cases actually giving an excitatory MUA response to NE--the DBB neurons being the most positive in the regard. Thus it appears that responsiveness of LHRH and/or adjacent neurons to the modulatory action of NE may itself be modulated by the influence of gonadal steroids.
Turbulence in a strongly stratified fluid—is it unstable?

Abstract It is shown that if the buoyancy flux is a local property of turbulence in a stratified fluid that decreases sufficiently rapidly as the local Richardson number increases, then an initially linear density profile in a turbulent flow far from boundaries may become unstable with respect to small variations in the vertical density gradient. An initially linear profile will then become ragged; this possible instability may be associated on occasions with the formation of density microstructure in the ocean.
Single atom self-diffusion on nickel surfaces

Abstract Results of a field ion microscope study of single atom self-diffusion on Ni(311), (331), (110), (111) and (100) planes are presented, including detailed information on the self-diffusion parameters on (311), (331), and (110) surfaces, and activation energies for diffusion on the (111), and (100) surfaces. Evidence is presented for the existence of two types of adsorption site and surface site geometry for single nickel atoms on the (111) surface. The presence of adsorbed hydrogen on the (110), (311), and (331) surfaces is shown to lower the onset temperature for self-diffusion on these planes.
Adhesive small bowel obstruction after appendectomy in children: comparison between the laparoscopic and open approach

Abstract Introduction Adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common postoperative complication. Published data in the pediatric literature characterizing SBO are scant. Furthermore, the relationship between the risk of SBO for a given procedure is not well described. To evaluate these parameters, we reviewed the incidence of SBO after laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and open appendectomy (OA) performed at our institution. Methods With institutional review board approval, all patients that developed SBO after appendectomy for appendicitis from January 1998 to June 2005 were investigated. Hospital records were reviewed to identify the details of their postappendectomy SBO. The incidences of SBO after LA and OA were compared with χ 2 analysis using Yates correction. Results During the study period, 1105 appendectomies were performed: 477 OAs (8 converted to OA during laparoscopy) and 628 LAs. After OA, 7 (6 perforated appendicitis) patients later developed SBO of which 6 required adhesiolysis. In contrast, a patient with perforated appendicitis developed SBO after LA requiring adhesiolysis ( P = .01). The mean time from appendectomy to the development of intestinal obstruction for the entire group was 46 ± 32 days. Conclusions The overall risk of SBO after appendectomy in children is low (0.7%) and is significantly related to perforated appendicitis. Small bowel obstruction after LA appears statistically less common than OA. Laparoscopic appendectomy remains our preferred approach for both perforated and nonperforated appendectomy.
The Role of Attentional Resources in Automatic Detection.

Abstract The question of whether an automatic detection task requires the use of limited-capacity resources was investigated in a series of dual-task experiments. The automatic task required subjects to detect a consistently mapped target digit in a display of letters. This task was paired with a variety of concurrent visual discriminations that could either occur in close proximity to the automatic target or in a disparate display area. The main finding was that accuracy in each task was higher in conditions allowing attention to be shared than when it had to be divided between separate areas. These results indicate that detection of automatic targets depends on the allocation of spatial attention to the target's area.
Marijuana effects on associative processes.

Acute marijuana effects on associative processes involved in long-term memory retrieval were studied. Results were partially consistent with expectations based on previous subjective reports that marijuana promotes more uncommon associations. Marijuana altered responses when people gave as many examples of a specified category (e.g., CLOTHING) as they could for 2 min, and when they gave an example of a specified category beginning with a specified letter (e.g., WEAPON — G). Reaction time in the latter task and in prior studies was not altered in the expected manner, a finding problematic for some theoretic interpretations of marijuana's effects on associative processes.
A framework for using text graphing

Abstract Text graphing realizes the possibilities for enhancing instruction using insights provided by educational research in schema theory and metacognition. Schema theory and metacognition provide explanations for how the mind works in pursuing understanding. These theories help us understand how the mind of a learner approaching a new text uses existing knowledge and makes decisions in working toward an underestanding of the text. Text graphing provides usable strategies for learners to participate in the reconstruction of the meaning of a text. By starting from existing schemata and reinforcing metacognitive strategy use, teachers can help students develop skills and insights for understanding texts. This paper outlines an approach to text graphing through describing four types of graphs: sunburst, matrix, tree structure, and flow chart. Then it matches the graphing types of twelve text types identified by Kitao (Textual schemata and English language learning. Cross Currents 17 , 147–154, 1990) and offers suggestions for incorporating text graphing into reading lessons.
DIFFERENCES IN CEREBRAL CORTICAL VS. STRIATAL Na + ,K + -ATPase RESPONSE TO REPEATED ASPHYXIAS AND REVENTILATION WITH EITHER 21% OR 100% OXYGEN IN NEWBORN PIGLETS. † 2232

DIFFERENCES IN CEREBRAL CORTICAL VS. STRIATAL Na + ,K + -ATPase RESPONSE TO REPEATED ASPHYXIAS AND REVENTILATION WITH EITHER 21% OR 100% OXYGEN IN NEWBORN PIGLETS. † 2232
Computer simulation studies of IR laser excitation of water on a metal surface

Abstract We have performed classical Molecular Dynamics studies of laser induced heating and desorption of adsorbed water molecules on a model metal surface. The study focuses on the excitation of water modes. The laser field is simulated as an oscillatory time-dependent external electrical field that interacts with the molecular dipoles. Unrealistically high field strengths of the order of 1010 V/m were used in order to observed significant energy absorption and also molecular desorption on the time scale from 10 to 20 ps. Frequencies of 400, 1700, and 3750 cm−1 were chosen to excite the molecule in the librational, bending, and stretching modes, respectively. The rates for desorption of isolated molecules are substantially lower for excitation in the bending and stretching modes than for excitation in the librational modes. At higher adsorbate coverages, intermolecular energy transfer plays a major role in the behavior of molecules in the adsorbate layer.
Catalase test for abnormal milk. I. Techniques and factors affecting the test.

Abstract This study was made to compare techniques for testing milk for catalase activity, and to determine the effects of certain experimental variables on the reaction. In the inverted tube test, calibrated centrifuge tubes with outlets of straight glass tubing were most satisfactory. Increase in substrate concentration above 1ml 3% H 2 O 2 did not significantly increase O 2 production at room temperature, but below 20C significantly more O 2 was produced from 2ml H 2 O 2 . The variance was lower with 2ml H 2 O 2 . At lower temperatures, the reaction was slower but more O 2 was produced. At room temperature the test could be read at 3 hr and minor temperature variations had little effect. Storing milk at 5C did not affect catalase activity for three days, unless there was appreciable bacterial growth. Results of the inverted tube method were closely related to those of the Warburg procedure, and the enzyme-product relationship was linear between 20 and 60% O 2 production.
Specific binding sites for oestrogen at the outer surfaces of isolated endometrial cells

OESTROGENS are more readily accumulated and retained in responsive cells than in cells that are not their targets1. Cytoplasmic macromolecules2 which specifically interact with oestradiol and other steroid hormones seem to mediate transfer of the agonist to the nuclear chromatin, where the complex is believed to promote expression of the phenotypic effects3–6. It is generally assumed that the hormone diffuses passively to “cytoplasmic” receptors which determine the cellular specificity of response7. But some experiments indicate that steroid hormones interact with components of biological membranes and may enter their respective target cells by a membrane-mediated process8–12 which is saturable and temperature-dependent13–17. We have investigated steroid-binding components associated with the plasma membranes of cells isolated from endometrium, liver and intestinal mucosa. Endometrial and liver cells show substantial binding to oestrogen immobilised by covalent linkage to an inert support, while intestinal cells have no such binding sites. The relative quantity of these steroid receptors at the outer surfaces of cells from diverse tissues corresponds well with the capacity of a given cell to accumulate and retain oestrogen.
Molecular blueprint of uropathogenic Escherichia coli virulence provides clues toward the development of anti-virulence therapeutics.

Effective treatment of many infections has progressively become more difficult due to the worldwide increase in antimicrobial resistance and the paucity of new antimicrobial development. Urinary tr...
LIZARD HOME RANGES REVISITED: EFFECTS OF SEX, BODY SIZE, DIET, HABITAT, AND PHYLOGENY

The area traversed by an animal during food gathering, mating, and other routine activities is termed the home range (HR), and its size is believed to reflect behavioral and physiological requirements (e.g., access to mates and food). We evaluated both bio- logical and methodological factors that may affect estimated HR sizes of lizards. We com- piled a database of nearly 500 published sex 3 population data sets. These yielded usable data for 108 populations from 60 species, all with both sexes represented. Initial analyses indicated pervasive sex differences, so sexes were analyzed separately with both conven- tional and phylogenetically based statistical methods. First, we conducted conventional analyses of covariance, which treat each data point as statistically independent. Second, we repeated these analyses while comparing members of two major clades represented in our database, Iguania and Autarchoglossa. Third, we repeated the analyses after designating smaller clades, nested within major clades. Fourth, we performed a fully phylogenetic analysis via independent contrasts and a composite phylogeny assembled from published studies. All analyses showed highly significant effects of both biological (body size, diet, habitat type) and most methodological (calculation method and minimum number of sight- ings per individual, but not study duration) factors and covariates tested. The conventional analysis comparing Iguania and Autarchoglossa en toto indicated a significant difference, as has been suggested in the literature. The analysis with nested minor clades, however, revealed differences among these but not between the two major clades. The analysis with phylogenetically independent contrasts indicated no statistically significant differences ei- ther among minor clades or between major clades. We also used our database to compare the scaling of HR area to body mass, using recently published allometric equations for field metabolic rates of lizards. The similarity of allometric slopes suggests that, interspecifically, HR size scales directly with energetic requirements. Intraspecifically, however, we found that males in both Autarchoglossa and Iguania consistently had larger HRs than did females. This difference, presumably related to the need to maximize access to females, may impose a ''cost of reproduction'' on males.
Anomalous Origin of Right Coronary Artery Associated With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

A 29-year-old man with anginal chest pain and recurrent syncopal attacks was observed with invasive and noninvasive cardiodiagnostic techniques, which disclosed an anomalous origin of right coronary artery from the left coronary cusp and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. The authors report a very rare coexistence of these 2 clinical entities, both of which are well known to independently increase the likelihood of sudden cardiac death under strenuous physical stress.
Evaluation of algebraic turbulence models for PNS predictions of supersonic flow past a sphere-cone

Les previsions de Navier-Stokes parabolises sont comparees aux mesures pour des ecoulements adiabatiques a Mach 3 et des ecoulements sur paroi froide a Mach 5 et 8
Migrating myoelectric complex and jejunal slow-wave propagation after Roux gastrectomy in dogs.

Roux-en-Y gastrectomy is associated with a high incidence of symptoms of gastric stasis. Retrograde propagation of jejunal electrical slow waves and spike bursts has been implicated in the Roux Y stasis syndrome. Since the fasted state may persist after feeding, this study examined the extent of retrograde slow-wave propagation in the fasted state, particularly during aboral migration of phase III. Six dogs underwent Roux gastrectomy and placement of bipolar electrodes along the Roux limb. Four normal dogs with electrodes acted as controls. Thirty-five migrating myoelectric complexes were recorded in Roux dogs and 13 in controls. In Roux dogs, the incidences of retrograde propagation of slow waves during the migrating myoelectric complex were phase I 56±13%, phase II 60±12% and phase III 58±14% (not significant). For controls, the incidences were 0%, 0%, and 1%, respectively (P<0.006 versus Roux dogs). In the Roux limb, retrograde propagation of slow waves, and hence spike bursts, occurs even during aboral migration of phase III. This abnormality may contribute to the Roux Y stasis syndrome.
Colorimetric determination of ACTH.

Abstract A sensitive colorimetric method has been developed to measure changes of ACTH in pituitaries under control, stress and stress-recovery conditions. The method employs the quantification of the single tryptophan molecule contained in ACTH by means of the blue Schiff's base produced by p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. The method is sufficiently sensitive that ACTH may be determined directly in many stressful conditions rather than by cumbersome bioassay or radiolabeling procedures.
Role of STAT3 in inflammatory bowel disease

Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) play an important role in various autoimmune disorders including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent studies have revealed that STAT3 activation plays distinctly different roles between innate immune responses and acquired immune responses in colitis. STAT3-mediated activation of acquired immune re- sponses plays a pathogenic role in colitis by enhancing the survival of pathogenic T cells. In contrast, STAT3- mediated activation of innate responses contributes to the suppression of colitis. This review will summarize the current understanding of the roles of STAT3 in IBD and the potential of targeting STAT3 for the treatment of IBD, emphasizing recent observations.
Determination of oil in aqueous emulsions by wide-line NMR

The radio frequency (r-f) saturation method was shown valid for determination of four edible oils in aqueous emulsions but not in commercial margarine. The interference in case of margarine was shown to be due to nonfat solids. The signal from water at low RF level was eliminated by converting to water of crystallization. Of three anhydrous salts studied for this purpose, only magnesium perchlorate was satisfactory. The method could be made quantitative for oil in margarine only by addition of carbon tetrachloride to the margarine before addition of magnesium perchlorate.
Metabotropic glutamate receptors Synaptic modulators and therapeutic targets for neurologic disease

AC= : adenylyl cyclase; DAG= : diacylglycerol; FMRP= : fragile X mental retardation protein; FXS= : fragile X syndrome; G= : guanine; GPCR= : guanine nucleotide binding protein coupled receptor; GPe= : external segment of the globus pallidus; GPi= : internal segment of the globus pallidus; IP3= : inositol triphosphate; LTD= : long-term depression; LTP= : long-term potentiation; mGluR= : metabotropic glutamate receptor; PKC= : protein kinase C; PLC= : phospholipase C; SNc= : substantia nigra pars compacta; SNr= : substantia nigra pars reticulata; STN= : subthalamic nucleus; SWD= : spike-and-wave discharges. Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS and acts via two main classes of receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic. Whereas ionotropic receptors are responsible for fast excitatory synaptic transmission, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have an important role in synaptic modulation throughout the CNS. Different subtypes of mGluRs regulate neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter release, and glial functions, which are important for brain development and mechanisms of learning, injury, and neuroprotection.1–8 Not surprisingly, mGluRs have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurologic and psychiatric disorders, including hypoxic injury, epilepsy, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, pain, anxiety, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. The development of selective non-competitive allosteric modulators of different subtypes of mGluRs allows elucidating the physiologic role of these receptors and their potential as therapeutic targets in neurologic disorders.9–11 This brief review focuses on the synaptic effects of mGluRs in some representative circuits and the potential clinical and therapeutic implications. Several publications provide a comprehensive coverage of these and related topics.1,3,5,8–16 The metabotropic receptors (mGluRs) are guanine nucleotide binding (G)-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that consist of dimers of subunits with seven transmembrane domains.1,2 There are eight subtypes of mGluRs that are classified, according to their structure, transduction mechanisms, and pharmacology into group I (mGluR1 and mGluR5), group II (mGlu2 and mGlu3), and group III (mGluR4, mGluR6, mGluR7, and mGluR8) receptors1–3 (table 1). Some of these receptors include several isoforms. View this table: Table 1 Overview of metabotropic glutamate receptors Group I receptors (mGluR1 and mGluR5) are positively coupled to phospholipase C, and trigger calcium (Ca2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum and activation of protein kinase C. These receptors also potentiate l-type Ca2+ channels and inhibit K+ channels. Type I mGluRs may also act independently of G proteins to activate transducing cascades that trigger phosphorylation of …
Volcanic activity at Magnet Cove, Arkansas

The igneous rocks and the minerals of Magnet Cove, Arkansas, have long interested geologists and mineralogists, but in much of the area rock-exposures are so sparse that many of the geologic, relations have remained obscure. However, recent prospecting and the mining of titanium ores have uncovered rocks that throw new light on the geology of the region. The regional rocks of the area are sandstones, slates, and novaculite of Paleozoic age. They were folded and underwent metamorphism in late Paleozoic time. In Cretaceous time they were intruded by a series of igneous rocks.
Acoustic Noise Cancellation by Phase Alignment of Cooling Fans

With increasing power consumption of computer systems, faster and larger cooling fans are used and acoustic noise management becomes difficult. In this paper, we show that by locking a pair of cooling fan motors into a common frequency and 180 degrees out of phase, the dominant tone most perceptible by human ear can be reduced.