cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of Molecular Microspectroscopy to Characterize Pigment-Loaded Polypropylene Single Fibers

Molecular microspectroscopy was used to characterize different pigments loaded into polypropylene fibers. Single-fiber analysis by infrared, visible, and Raman microspectroscopies proved to be quite complementary for identification and quantitation of these materials. Infrared microspectroscopy was effective not only for identification of pigments loaded into the fibers, but also for quantitation of concentration levels at 1% (w/w) and greater. Visible microspectroscopy was effective for quantitation of pigment levels between the range of 0.1 and 1% (w/w). However, it may not be successful for positive identification of most pigments. Raman microspectroscopy was an effective technique for pigment identification and quantitation over all examined concentration levels provided that the sample showed no signs of fluorescence or heating effects. Quantitation for all techniques gave correlation coefficient values of 0.99+ and relative standard deviations typically ranging from 5 to 20%.
Comparison of interception and initial retention of wet-deposited contaminants on leaves of different vegetation types

Abstract Simulated rain containing both soluble radionuclides and insoluble particles labeled with a radionuclide was manually applied to several kinds of vegetation, including a conifer, a broad-leafed tree, and several herbaceous species. The fraction of each radioactive material intercepted and initially retained by the vegetation was determined for each plant type. This fraction was determined both as the mass interception factor, r Y , and the leaf area interception fraction, LAIF. Mean values of r Y ranged from 0.16 to 2.9 m2 kg−1 and of the LAIF, from 0.011 to 0.16. There was a greater range in mean retention values among radionuclide types than among plant species; the range among plant types tended to be less with the LAIF than the r Y . Significantly less interception and initial retention was measured for anions than for cations or the insoluble particles.
Comparison of direct deposition and flow-cell gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry of barbiturates

Comparison of flow-cell and direct deposition (DD) interfaces between gas chromatographs (GC) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometers is reported. Seven barbiturates were separated on fused-silica GC capillary columns. Infrared spectra of the separated barbiturates were measured in real-time by either a Hewlett-Packard infrared detector (flow-cell) interface or a Digilab Division of Bio-Rad Tracer (DD) interface. Without losing chromatographic resolution, the DD GC-FT-IR interface gave both detection limits and minimum identifiable quantities nearly two orders of magnitude lower than the flow-cell GC-FT-IR interface.
Effective record length for the T-year event

Abstract The effect of serial dependence on the reliability of an estimate of the T -yr. event is of importance in hydrology because design decisions are based upon the estimate. In this paper the reliability of estimates of the T -yr. event from two common distributions is given as a function of number of observations and lag-one serial correlation coefficient for T = 2, 10, 20, 50, and 100 yr. A lag-one autoregressive model is assumed with either a normal or Pearson Type-III disturbance term. Results indicate that, if observations are serially correlated, the effective record length should be used to estimate the discharge associated with the expected exceedance probability.
Thermodynamic functions of ideal two- and three-dimensional Fermi gases

Several common thermodynamic functions of ideal two- and three-dimensional Fermi gases of spin1/2 have been tabulated as functions oft=T/TF, whereT is the temperature andTF is the Fermi temperature. The tables, presented elsewhere, are discussed. The entries in the tables are given at intervals of δt=0.001 for 0≤t≤5. The functions which are tabulated are: (i) the reduced chemical potential ζ(t) ≡ μ(t)/μ(0), (ii) the reduced internal energyu(t)=U(t)/U(0), (iii) the reduced entropys(t)=S(t)/Nk, and (iv) the reduced magnetic susceptibility ϕ(t)=χ(t)/χ(0). In these expressions,N is the number of particles in the gas andk is Boltzmann's constant. The first of these functions, ζ(t), is given to eight places beyond the decimal point, while the others are given to six places.
Applications of Time-Frequency Analysis for Aging Aircraft Component Diagnostics and Prognostics

The classical time-frequency distributions represent time- and frequency-localized energy. However, it is not an easy task to analyze multiple signals that have been simultaneously collected. In this paper, a new concept of non-parametric detection and classification of the signals is proposed using the mutual information measures in the time-frequency domain. The time-frequency-based self and mutual information is defined in terms of cross time-frequency distribution. Based on the time-frequency mutual information theory, this paper presents applications of the proposed technique to real-world vibration data. The baseline and misaligned experimental settings are quantitatively distinguished by the proposed technique.© (2008) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Chromosomes in Interphase Nuclei

Azure or Feulgen positive, well-defined elements were demonstrated in the interphase nuclei of rat myeloid cells at various stages of maturation.The elements were fewer in number in more mature cells. They included two forms: namely long, fine threads and short, double-stranded, deeply stained rods. The proportion of these components varied according to maturation of the cell. The threads occurred in the myeloblasts and the promyelocytes exclusively or predominantly, while the adult granulocytes contained only rods. The former group of cells are capable of mitosis and the latter are not.The elements were similar in form and stainability to the mitotic chromosomes at the stage of nuclear reconstruction. The latter also included two forms which proportion varied according to maturation of the cell being formed, similarly as observed in the interphase cells. The similarities thus shown suggested that the chromosomal elements demonstrated in the interphase nuclei are continuants of the mitotic chromosomes.
MO‐EE‐A3‐01: Feasibility Study on Four‐Dimensional Dose Reconstruction of Radiation Delivery

Purpose: When an intensity modulated radiation beam is used to a moving target, the two time variables due to miss‐synchronization can cause unpredicted dose delivery. Exit dosimetry possesses information on delivered radiation to the target. Using a continuous scan (cine) mode of electronic portal imaging device(EPID), our goal is to use the temporal images related to the target motion and the beam, and perform dose reconstruction.Method: To evaluate this hypothesis, firstly, cine mode acquisition was compared with integration mode acquisition on EPID (IAS3 and As 1000). We have delivered open and clinical beams using 6MV at 300MU/min to EPID. Secondly, in‐phantom film and exit EPIDdosimetry for the two modes was performed on a moving platform using a forwardly‐advancing beam that generates a pyramid dose shape. Beam delivery was gated for ten steps of 10% phase duration. Film was left for ten deliveries, but EPIDimages were acquired ten times on integration mode which effectively simulates cine acquisition. While a documented integration mode was used, the cine acquisition can be used clinically. In‐phantom dose was reconstructed from the EPIDimages of each phase and the reconstructed dose was summed and compared with the in‐phantom film dose. For dose reconstruction, we used our Monte Carlo response‐based algorithm documented previously. Results: The sum of the cine acquisition agreed with (1%) the integrated acquisition during step‐and‐shoot delivery. The discrepancy was variable with delivered MUs and number of segments due to beam instability at start of acquisition and reading loss for cine mode during MLC movement. For sliding‐window delivery, the cine agreed with the other (0.5%). The reconstructed dose agreed with the measurement within 1.4% at the isocenter. Further evaluation with more results will be presented. Conclusion: Feasibility of 4D dose reconstruction was demonstrated. In part supported by Varian Medical Systems.
Female infant with oncocytic cardiomyopathy and microphthalmia with linear skin defects (MLS): a clue to the pathogenesis of oncocytic cardiomyopathy?

A infant girl had red stellate skin lesions on the cheeks and neck, and mildly short palpebral fissures. Her skin abnormality was typical of microphthalmia with linear skin defects (MLS), a newly recognized syndrome consisting of congenital linear skin defects and ocular abnormalities in females monosomic for Xp22. She died suddenly and unexpectedly at age 4 months; the cause of death was ascribed to oncocytic cardiomyopathy. Oncocytic cardiomyopathy occurs only in young children, who present with refractory arrhythmias leading to cardiac arrest. The coexistence of two rare conditions, one of which is mapped to the X chromosome, and an excess of affected females with oncocytic cardiomyopathy is also X-linked, with Xp22 being a candidate region. Overlapping manifestations in the two conditions (ocular abnormalities in cases of oncocytic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias in MLS) offer additional support for this hypothesis. 43 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.
Fiber Optics Applications an Fabrication Techniques

There are many applications for optical fiber assemblies. This paper describes some optical fiber assemblies that have been constructed and presents some details on methods of fabrication.
A Defense of Darwinian Accounts of Morality

This article is a defense of Michael Ruse’s sociobiological account of the origins and nature of morality. In the piece, the author provides a summary explanation of Ruse’s views and arguments. Then he goes on to explain and critically discuss a variety of objections that have been made against sociobiological accounts of morality. He argues that the criticisms that have been made often work against less sophisticated sociobiological theories but that Ruse’s theory is immune to the criticisms. The author responds to the arguments of the following critics of sociobiology: Kitcher, Flew, Flanagan, Nagel, Miles, Singer, and Jacquette.
Israel's other Palestinian problem: the Future Vision Documents and the demands of the Palestinian minority in Israel

This article examines the challenge Israel faces from its Palestinian minority in light of the publication of the ‘Future Vision Documents’, a series of seminal documents written by leaders of the Palestinian community in Israel in which they demand that Israel abandon its Jewish identity and recognize its Palestinian citizens as an indigenous national minority with collective rights. The article also assesses the implications of this challenge for the two-state solution to the Palestinian problem.
AB INITIO CALCULATIONS OF VIBRONIC SPECTRA FOR INDOLE

Abstract Detailed vibronic fluorescence spectra from the 1Lb and 1La state origins of indole are computed from the geometry differences and ground state normal modes determined by GAUSSIAN 92 and a program to calculate Franck-Condon factors. The combination of using CIS/3-21G and HF/3-21G basis sets for excited and ground state geometries and MP2/6-31G∗ for the ground state vibrational modes captures many subtle details seen in the experimental 1Lb fluorescence.
Constraints on radiative decay of massive neutrinos.

Recent {beta}-decay experiments provide evidence for the existence of neutrinos with a mass of 17 keV. If they do exist, they should decay into lighter particles in order to avoid overclosing the Universe. Radiative decay may leave an imprint on the relic radiation from the big bang, and energy injection into the cosmic microwave background radiation should have observational consequences. In particular, the limits recently obtained on the {ital y} distortion of the blackbody spectrum of the cosmic microwave background provide stringent constraints on the radiative-decay properties of these neutrinos. We have found that the photon branching ratio has to be {ital B}{sub {gamma}}{approx lt}10{sup {minus}5} for the neutrino lifetime {tau}{congruent}10{sup 10}--10{sup 11} s. For {tau}{approx gt}10{sup 11} s, {ital B}{sub {gamma}} is constrained by the upper limits on the extragalactic background radiation at optical and UV wavelengths; the upper limit on {ital B}{sub {gamma}} decreases to about 10{sup {minus}6} at {tau}{congruent}10{sup 12} s.
Evolution of Neogene volcanism and stress patterns in the glaciated West Antarctic Rift, Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica

Abstract: The orientations and ages of polygenetic volcano chains, elongate volcano edifices, and elongate summit calderas in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica, are analysed to determine stress directions during volcanism and coeval glaciation across the West Antarctic Rift. Initiation of volcanism c . 36–34 Ma and major polygenetic volcanism beginning c . 14 Ma are broadly coeval with establishment of significant ice volumes in West Antarctica. Middle–Late Miocene volcanism occurred primarily along roughly north–south volcano chains, whereas latest Miocene–Pleistocene volcanism had a strong east–west preferred orientation across the spatial extent of the province. Anisotropic stress conditions controlled both phases of volcanism, and a rapid rotation in the maximum horizontal stress direction from north–south to east–west occurred as early as c . 6 Ma. Glacial loading and unloading appears to have facilitated volcanism in Marie Byrd Land, but ice margin reconstructions make it unlikely that stress field rotation is a result of flexural stresses imposed by glacial loading cycles. The east–west orientation of latest Miocene to Pleistocene maximum horizontal stress is parallel to the absolute motion of the Antarctic plate for the past 6 Ma, and the north–south to east–west stress field rotation coincides with changes in Antarctic–Pacific Ridge spreading and Pacific basin tectonic events associated with plate reorganization.
Treatment of dynamic mixture of hexane and benzene vapors in a Trickle Bed Air Biofilter integrated with cyclic adsorption/desorption beds

One of the main challenges that face successful biofiltration is the erratic loading pattern and long starvation periods. However, such patterns are common in practical applications. In order to provide long-term stable operation of a biofilter under these conditions, a cyclic adsorption/desorption beds system with flow switching was installed prior to a biofilter. Different square waves of a mixture containing n-hexane and benzene at a 2:1 ratio were applied to the cyclic adsorption/desorption beds and then fed to a biofilter. The performance of this integrated system was compared to a biofilter unit receiving the same feed of both VOCs. The cyclic adsorption/desorption beds unit successfully achieved its goal of stabilizing erratic loading even with very sharp peaks at the influent concentration equalizing influent concentrations ranging from 10-470 ppmv for n-hexane to 30-1410 ppmv for benzene. The study included different peak concentrations with durations ranging from 6 to 20 min. The cyclic beds buffered the fluctuating influent load and the followed biofilter had all the time a continuous stable flow. Another advantage achieved by the cyclic adsorption/desorption beds was the uninterrupted feed to the biofilter even during the starvation where there was no influent in the feed. The results of the integrated system with regard to removal efficiency and kinetics are comparable to published results with continuous feed studies at the same loading rates. The removal efficiency for benzene had a minimum of 85% while for n-hexane ranged from 50% to 77% according to the loading rate. The control unit showed very erratic performance highlighting the benefit of the utilization of the cyclic adsorption/desorption beds. The biofilter was more adaptable to concentration changes in benzene than n-hexane.
Development of a diffraction imaging flow cytometer

Diffraction images record angle-resolved distribution of scattered light from a particle excited by coherent light and can correlate highly with the 3D morphology of a particle. We present a jet-in-fluid design of flow chamber for acquisition of clear diffraction images in a laminar flow. Diffraction images of polystyrene spheres of different diameters were acquired and found to correlate highly with the calculated ones based on the Mie theory. Fast Fourier transform analysis indicated that the measured images can be used to extract sphere diameter values. These results demonstrate the significant potentials of high-throughput diffraction imaging flow cytometry for extracting 3D morphological features of cells.
Approximations, existence, and numerical procedures for optimal stochastic controls

Abstract : In the paper, the authors prove several convergence results for a numerical method in optimal stochastic control, based on finite difference approximations to the non-linear Bellman partial differential equation for the optimal cost. As a very useful by-product to the main development, the authors obtain new existence results for optimal controls, and interesting results on the approximation of a controlled diffusion by a controlled Markov chain. The methods and results are new, and depend on results concerning weak convergence of probability measures. The methods seem to be quite powerful, and have applications to many other problems in approximation and control. (Author)
Preoperative PSA level significantly associated with interval to biochemical progression after radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the association between the preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and the interval to biochemical progression after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) for prostate cancer. Methods We studied 5534 men who underwent RRP for prostate cancer during a 15-year period and were enrolled in prospective follow-up studies. Of these men, 857 (15%) subsequently had biochemical evidence of cancer progression (PSA greater than 0.2 ng/mL). All men with biochemical progression after RRP were arbitrarily stratified into five groups according to their preoperative PSA level: less than 2.6 ng/mL, 2.6 to 4 ng/mL, 4.1 to 10 ng/mL, 10.1 to 20 ng/mL, and greater than 20 ng/mL. The time to biochemical progression after RRP was the primary endpoint of the analysis. Other prognostic factors were also evaluated in multivariable analysis. Results The median time to progression for men with a PSA level greater than 20 ng/mL was significantly shorter (16 months) than for men with a PSA level of 10.1 to 20 ng/mL (27 months) or those with lower PSA levels (P = 0.0005). Men with a PSA level of 4.1 to10 ng/mL did not have a statistically significantly different median time to progression (31 months) from men with a PSA level of 10.1 to 20 ng/mL (27 months; P = 0.3), 2.6 to 4 ng/mL (32 months; P = 0.8), or less than 2.6 ng/mL (38 months; P = 0.3). Also, no statistically significant difference was found in the median time to progression between men with a PSA level of 2.6 to 4 ng/mL and less than 2.6 ng/mL (P = 0.4). In an analysis of covariance multivariate analysis, the preoperative PSA level was not an independent predictor of the time to biochemical progression (P = 0.12), after accounting for tumor stage and Gleason grade. Conclusions The preoperative PSA level was significantly associated with the interval to biochemical cancer progression after RRP; however, this association appeared to be because the preoperative PSA level serves as a surrogate marker for other prognostic factors, such as the tumor volume, tumor stage, and Gleason grade.
Policies, practices, and attitudes of north american medical journal editors

OBJECTIVE: To describe U.S. and Canadian medical journals, their editors, and policies that affect the dissemination of medical information.
PTPs seize the spotlight from RTKs in vasculogenesis

Comment on Baumer et al, page [4754][1] Characterization of mouse embryos deficient in the endothelial cell–specific phosphotyrosine phosphatase, VE-PTP, reveal the critical role of this protein in the process of vasculogenesis. Several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their ligands are
Effects of U. S. immigration law on manpower characteristics of immigrants

Changes in the national-origins quota system, the preference system, labor certification and adjustment-of-status provisions led to changes in the size and composition of immigration. Within a context of increasing size and changing area of origin, the proportion of immigrants with a stated occupation increased, and the occupational composition of total immigration and of immigration by continent of origin changed. Europe and the Americas generally switched to lower-skilled levels, and Asia, Africa and Oceania, to white-collar, especially professional, levels. The composition of occupational groups also changed, with Asia generally increasing its contribution and most noticeably so in the professional group. Adjustment of status has generally increased, but it has not become mainly a subterfuge for foreign students and exchange visitors to remain in the country. Relatives and refugees dominate the adjustee group.
The Weight of E-Collections and Value-Added Services: Revisiting Assumptions and Practices to Meet the Challenge

A collection manager and an acquisition librarian discuss difficult decisions to be made regarding electronic resources and associated value-added services. Balancing budget constraints with patron demands for easy access to information requires librarians to reevaluate assumptions about the electronic products and associated services that have quickly become staples of library life, even as these staples become increasingly untenable. The authors scrutinize the cost/benefit of continuing value-added services, such as providing access to abstracting and indexing tools and full MARC cataloging records of journal titles, as well as considering the adoption of new services such as federated search engines and link resolvers.
A study of the sulfhydryl groups of rat brain hexokinase

Abstract Rat brain hexokinase (ATP: d -hexose-6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) is rapidly inactivated by reaction with 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate). The inactivation follows monophasic first-order kinetics in either the absence of ligands ( k = 0.641 min −1 at 25 °C) or in the presence of saturating levels of ATP (free or complexed with Mg 2+ ) or P 1 ; the inactivation rate is slightly increased ( k ⋍ 0.7 min −1 ) in the presence of ATP or P 1 . In contrast, glucose and glucose-6- P markedly decrease the inactivation rate; inactivation in the presence of these ligands is biphasic, with two first-order rates ( k ⋍ 0.5 min −1 and 0.01 min −1 ) being distinguishable. The enzyme contains 14 sulfhydryl groups which react with 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate); reaction of these groups in the native enzyme is complete after 2 hr at 25 °C, or in approx 5 min with the urea or guanidine-denatured enzyme. In the native enzyme, three classes of sulfhydryl groups are distinguishable and are designated as F-, I-, or S-type based on their fast ( k ⪢ 0.7 min −1 ), intermediate ( k ⋍ 0.5-0.7 min −1 ), or slow ( k ⋍ 0.02 min −1 rates of reaction with 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate). The correlation of inactivation rates with the rates for reaction of the I-type sulfhydryls indicates that the I-type sulfhydryls include residues necessary for catalytic activity. The F-type residues are clearly not required for activity. The effects of ATP, P 1 , glucose, and glucose-6- P on the reactivity of the sulfhydryls have been determined. As in the absence of ligands, S-, I-, and F-type sulfhydryls could be distinguished. In the presence of saturating concentrations of these ligands, the F, I, and S classes of sulfhydryls contained respectively: with ATP, 1, 4, and 7 residues; with P 1 , 1, 3, and 7 residues; with glucose, 1, 2, and 5 residues; with glucose-6- P , 1, 2, and 1 residues. Comparison with rate constants for inactivation in the presence of these ligands again indicated that I-type sulfhydryls were particularly important in maintenance of enzyme activity. The present results indicate considerable similarity between the reactivity of the sulfhydryl residues in rat brain hexokinase and the sulfhydryls of the bovine brain enzyme [V. D. Redkar and U. W. Kenkare (1972) , J. Biol. Chem. , 247 , 7576–7584].
The Cosmic Web

There is no such thing as empty space. The idea of absolute e ptiness r al izes its closest approximation in the bar ren expanses between the stars and the galaxies, but even the most remote cor ners of the universe are suffused with very low density gas?which becomes increasingly rarefied as one ventures far ther away from the places where galaxies consort. Consider this fact: In the air we breathe, each cubic centimeter contains roughly 5 1019 atoms. In contrast, the intergalactic medium has a density of only 10~6 particles per cubic centimeter? each atom inhabits a private box a meter on each side. This would seem to sug gest that there is not much matter in the intergalactic medium. But, given the enormous volume between the galaxies, it quickly adds up: The combined atomic mass of intergalactic gas exceeds the combined atomic mass of all the stars and galaxies in the universe?possibly by as much as 50 percent! There is in deed something in empty space. As cosmologists construct new nar ratives of the universe's evolution from its beginning?the Big Bang?to the present day, it is becoming clear that we must understand the physics of in tergalactic matter if we are to write the history of how the galaxies, stars and planets formed. In the past decade, rapid advances in both the design of telescopes and computing power have
Plastic instability behavior of bcc and hcp metals after low temperature neutron irradiation

Abstract Plastic instability in uniaxial tensile deformation has been investigated for the body centered cubic (bcc) and hexagonal close packed (hcp) pure metals, V, Nb, Mo, and Zr, after low temperature (60–100 °C) neutron irradiation up to 0.7 dpa. Relatively ductile metals, V, Nb, and Zr, experienced uniform deformation prior to necking at low doses and prompt plastic instability at yield at high doses. Mo failed in a brittle mode within the elastic limit at doses above 0.0001 dpa. V showed a quasi-brittle failure at the highest dose of 0.69 dpa. In the ductile metals, plastic instability at yield occurred when the yield stress exceeded the plastic instability stress (PIS), which was nearly independent of dose. The PIS values for V, Nb, Mo, and Zr were about 390, 370, 510, and 170 MPa, respectively. The coincidence of plastic instability at yield and dislocation channeling cannot be generalized for all metallic materials.
Exosomes and their role in CNS viral infections

Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles that carry biological macromolecules from the site of production to target sites either in the microenvironment or at distant sites away from the origin. Exosomal content of cells varies with the cell type that produces them as well as environmental factors that alter the normal state of the cell such as viral infection. Human DNA and RNA viruses alter the composition of host proteins as well as incorporate their own viral proteins and other cargo into the secreted exosomes. While numerous viruses can infect various cell types of the CNS and elicit damaging neuropathologies, few have been studied for their exosomal composition, content, and function on recipient cells. Therefore, there is a pressing need to understand how DNA and RNA viral infections in CNS control exosomal release. Some of the more recent studies including HIV-1, HTLV-1, and EBV-infected B cells indicate that exosomes from these infections contain viral miRNAs, viral transactivators, and a host of cytokines that can control the course of infection. Finally, because exosomes can serve as vehicles for the cellular delivery of proteins and RNA and given that the blood-brain barrier is a formidable challenge in delivering therapeutics to the brain, exosomes may be able to serve as ideal vehicles to deliver protein or RNA-based therapeutics to the brain.
The ripple effect of women's name changes in indexing, citation, and authority control

This study investigated name changes of women authors to determine how they were represented in indexes and cited references and identify problem areas. A secondary purpose of the study was to investigate whether or not indexing services were using authority control and how this influenced the search results. The works of eight library science authors who had published under multiple names were examined. The researchers compared author names as they appeared on title pages of publications versus in four online databases and in bibliographies by checking 380 publications and 1,159 citations. Author names were correctly provided 81.22% of the time in indexing services and 90.94% in citation lists. The lowest accuracy (54.55%) occurred when limiting to publications found in Library Literature. The highest accuracy (94.18%) occurred with works published before a surname changed. Author names in indexes and citations correctly matched names on journal articles more often than for any other type of publication. Indexes and citation style manuals treated author names in multiple ways, often altering names substantially from how they appear on the title page. Recommendations are made for changes in editorial styles by indexing services and by the authors themselves to help alleviate future confusion in author name searching. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alpha aminobutyric acid, an alternative measure of hepatic injury in sepsis?

D ata ‘‘mining’’ has become an increasingly powerful method for detecting abnormalities in metabolism and for developing new drugs for treating these disorders. This approach has been described pejoratively as a ‘‘fishing expedition’’ and was discouraged for many years as an inefficient alternative to traditional hypothesis-driven research. However, older conceptions that there is an underlying ‘‘wisdom’’ in nature that should guide our investigations have fallen victim to an appreciation that living organisms can only be understood in terms of a long and complex evolutionary process. This frequently involves what would seem to be many inefficient, duplicative, obsolescent, and even selfdestructive compromises that would never be tolerated had the organism been designed de novo. As the complexity of metabolic processes has become evident, interest has grown in the possibility of gaining insight into disease processes by using powerful new analytical techniques for surveying concentrations of large numbers of metabolites. This
Sex and age differences in atrophic rates: an ADNI study with N=1368 MRI scans

We set out to determine factors that influence the rate of brain atrophy in 1-year longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. With tensor-based morphometry (TBM), we mapped the 3-dimensional profile of progressive atrophy in 144 subjects with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) (age: 76.5 +/- 7.4 years), 338 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI; 76.0 +/- 7.2), and 202 healthy controls (77.0 +/- 5.1), scanned twice, 1 year apart. Statistical maps revealed significant age and sex differences in atrophic rates. Brain atrophic rates were about 1%-1.5% faster in women than men. Atrophy was faster in younger than older subjects, most prominently in mild cognitive impairment, with a 1% increase in the rates of atrophy and 2% in ventricular expansion, for every 10-year decrease in age. TBM-derived atrophic rates correlated with reduced beta-amyloid and elevated tau levels (n = 363) at baseline, baseline and progressive deterioration in clinical measures, and increasing numbers of risk alleles for the ApoE4 gene. TBM is a sensitive, high-throughput biomarker for tracking disease progression in large imaging studies; sub-analyses focusing on women or younger subjects gave improved sample size requirements for clinical trials.
Paradoxes of the postmodern reactionary Michel Rio and Michel Houellebecq

This study examines two writers, Michel Rio and Michel Houellebecq, who have encountered opposite fortunes among the public and critics. However, they share numerous writing practices associated with postmodernism that include mixing literary forms, integrating epistemological discourses, doubling characters, avoidance of meta-narratives, and destabilizing interpretation through irony, fractured perspectives and the parodic recycling of popular genres such as detective fiction and eroticism. Moreover, both display putatively reactionary elements in their fiction: Houellebecq quite explicitly, Rio through his sexual and political imaginary (especially in the Francis Malone `enquetes'). We conclude that both writers are indeed rooted in reactionary habits of thought, but Rio's practices place him in the camp of modernism (hierarchy of epistemologies, elitist stereotyping, scientism), while Houellebecq falls among the postmodernists (neutralizing voices of authority, erasing high/low cultural distinction, re...
Diffuse Reflectance Using Infrared Dispersive Spectrophotometers

In 1980, Griffiths and Fuller described the use of the diffuse reflectance technique for infrared measurements on a variety of materials. A Fourier transform spectrophotometer was used for their measurements and they coined an acronym which described the technique, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform, or DRIFT spectra. In keeping with this practice, we have defined an acronym for the use of this technique with dispersive instruments, diffuse reflectance using infrared dispersive spectrophotometers, or DRUIDS.
A negative coregulator for the human ER

ERα is a ligand-activated transcription factor and a key regulator of the processes involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation. In addition, aberrant ERα activity is linked to several pathological conditions including breast cancer. A complex network of coregulatory proteins is largely believed to determine the transcriptional activity of ERα. We report here the isolation of a protein, denoted RTA for repressor of tamoxifen transcriptional activity, which contains an RNA recognition motif and interacts with the receptor N-terminal activation domain. RTA interacts with RNA in vitro, and its overexpression inhibits the partial agonist activity manifest by the antiestrogen tamoxifen while minimally affecting E2-activated transcription. Mutation of the RNA recognition motif alters RNA binding specificity and results in a dominant negative form of RTA that leads to derepression of ERα transcriptional activity, allowing all classes of antiestrogens to manifest partial agonist activity and enhancing ...
Lanthanum deposition in a dialysis patient

Lanthanum carbonate (LaCO(3)) is an oral phosphate binder widely used in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Preclinical animal studies reported the highest La concentrations outside the gut to be in mesenteric lymph nodes. We observed previously unreported La deposition visible by light microscopy and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy in a mesenteric lymph node at autopsy of a 38-year-old female ESRD patient 3 years following LaCO(3) administration. Although LaCO(3) is generally thought to be minimally absorbed, this demonstration suggests the need for further investigation of the extent and potential effects of such absorption.
The Regionalization of Climate-Related Environmental Problems

It appears that the euphoria generated by the end of the Cold War may have been somewhat premature, given the numerous conflicts presently under way in all parts of the world, even in Europe. Perhaps the 1990s provide a “window of opportunity” for an objective assessment of regional organizations and their potential contribution toward resource-related cooperation and conflict resolution. Given the resurgence of worldwide concern about “global” environmental issues and their regional causes or consequences, such organizations could provide an effective arena for discussing, resolving or averting regional conflicts related to environmental change. Whereas regional international organizations (functional as well as geographic) have often been relegated to marginal roles in the international political arena with regard to resources issues, this will likely change in the future. Such a change can be expected because, as climate regimes shift in response to global warming, so too will the location of some highly valued resources, sometimes across national boundaries. As resources and people dependent on them “migrate” on land and in the marine environment, the risks of regional conflicts, as well as the opportunities for regional cooperation, are likely to increase. The time may be right to talk about the “regionalization of environmental problems.”
Design of an autonomous amphibious robot for surf zone operations: part II - hardware, control implementation and simulation

This paper describes a work at The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) and Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) to create an autonomous highly mobile amphibious robot. A first generation land-based prototype has been constructed and field tested. This robot design, based on a tracked element, is capable of autonomous waypoint navigation, self-orientation, obstacle avoidance, and has the capacity to transmit sensor (visual) feedback. A water-resistant second generation amphibious prototype design, based around the biologically inspired Whegstrade platform, has been completed. This design marries the unprecedented mobility of Whegstrade with the autonomous hardware and control architectures implemented in the first generation prototype. Furthermore, we have also implemented a dynamic simulation capturing salient features of Whegstrade for testing of robotic locomotion capabilities. The integration of these elements can lay the foundation for the development of a new generation of highly mobile autonomous amphibious robots
HINDERED MOBILITY OF A RIGID SPHERE NEAR A WALL

We have measured the hindered mobility of microscopic spheres {7 to 15 μm diameter) suspended in aqueous solutions very near a wall (0-500 nm) using the technique of total internal reflection microscopy. The elevation of the sphere above the plate is monitored by measuring the intensity of light that is scattered by the sphere when illuminated by an evanescent wave which penetrates about 500 nm into the solution. The mobility is determined by using a laser beam to apply a known radiation force to the same Brownian particle several hundred times and measuring the resulting ensemble-average change in intensity as a function of time due to that force. The intensity of scattered light can be translated into an absolute separation distance, thus enabling simultaneous, independent measurements of the mobility and elevation of the sphere. When the sphere comes within a few radii of the wall, its mobility is expected to be significantly hindered owing to hydrodynamic interactions with the wall. Results show excel...
Optimum treatment allocation for dual-objective clinical trials with binary outcomes

A common problem in randomized controlled clinical trials is the optimal assignment of patients to treatment protocols, The traditional optimal design assumes a single criterion, although in reality, there are usually more than one objective in a clinical trial. In this paper, optimal treatment allocation schemes are found for a dual-objective clinical trial with a binary response. A graphical method for finding the optimal strategy is proposed and illustrative examples are discussed.
Self-timed circuits for energy harvesting AC power supplies

The recent explosion in capability of embedded and portable electronics has not been matched by battery technology. The slow growth of battery energy density has limited device lifetime and added weight and volume. Passive energy harvesting from vibration has potentially wide application in wearable and embedded sensors to complement or replace batteries. The authors proposed increasing energy harvesting efficiency by eliminating AC/DC conversion electronics. Self-timed circuits, power-on-reset circuitry and memory for energy harvesting AC power supplies has been investigated. The power-on-reset circuit achieves a substantial improvement over conventional approaches with 4.1 nW of simulated power dissipation and frequency-independent turn-on voltage. A chip is being fabricated to test the circuits presented here.
Brave New City: Three Problems in Chinese Urban Public Space since the 1980s

After three decades of urban renewal in China, public spaces used by average residents have not been improved proportionally and, in some cases, have even deteriorated. Three problems can be identified. ‘Window-dressing’ prevails in government-developed squares and parks. Their locations and monumentality have made residents less willing to use these spaces. ‘Privatization’ describes how private developers maximize profits at the cost of public life in the urban environment surrounding their projects. ‘Gentrification’, different from its meaning in the West, refers to the tendency to ignore the needs of mid- and low-income residents in public facilities. Not entirely a repetition of the 1950s Western urban renewal, the Chinese cases reflect a society changing from a socialist system to a capitalist one.
Controls on isoprene emission from trees in a subtropical dry forest

Isoprene emission from vegetation is the single most important source of photochemically active reduced compounds to the atmosphere. We present the first controlled-environment measurements of isoprene emission from leaves of tropical forest trees. Our studies were conducted in the Guanica State Forest in Puerto Rico. We report the effects of temperature and light variations on biogenic isoprene emissions during 1995. Maximum emission rates varied among species from 0 to 268 nmol m -2 s -1 . Values at the upper end of this range of maximum emission rates are 2-3 times higher than values reported from any temperate taxa. Isoprene emission showed strong sensitivity to light and temperature variations. In contrast to temperate plants, whose emissions tend to saturate at a light intensity of 1000 μmol m -2 s -1 , emissions from the tropical species increased with light intensity up to 2500 μmol m -2 s -1 . The temperature optima for emissions from these plants were similar to those previously reported for temperate plants: 40 °C. The high maximum emission rates and lack of light saturation indicate that estimates of isoprene emission from tropical forests need to be revised upwards.
Image transfer with subwavelength resolution to metal–dielectric interface

In image transfer, one aims to reproduce at an image plane the field distribution of the field at the source plane. We consider a near-field image transfer scheme where an image with subwavelength resolution can be transferred to a metal–dielectric interface. In this scheme, the presence of a surface plasmon polariton provides a large wave vector range where the transfer function is flat, thus enabling the image transfer with subwavelength resolution.
On homomorphic deconvolution of bandpass signals

A convolution may be represented as x(.)=r(.)* w(.). The goal of deconvolution is to extract r(.) and w(.) from a knowledge of x(.) and it finds numerous applications in digital signal processing. Of practical interest in oil exploration is the case where w(.) is a seismic pressure wavelet, x(.) is the observed seismic response, and r(.) is the reflectivity of the Earth. A number of procedures have been proposed, including predictive, deterministic, and homomorphic deconvolution. Homomorphic deconvolution has been found to be particularly efficient for those cases where x(.) is known to be fullband. This paper presents a robust constructive procedure for efficient homomorphic deconvolution for those cases where x(.) is a bandpass signal. Extensive comparisons with other methods for deconvolving bandpass signals on measured seismic data traces (including the Novaya Zemlya event) illustrate the improvement in the deconvolution.
Regulation of miRNA biogenesis and turnover in the immune system

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of gene expression in diverse biological processes ranging from cell proliferation and survival to organ development and immunity. Here, we review mechanisms that regulate the expression of miRNAs themselves in the immune system. Like protein-coding genes, miRNAs can be regulated at the transcriptional level, downstream of signaling pathways and circuits that activate or inhibit transcription factors and chromatin remodeling. The resulting primary miRNAs are processed into active mature miRNAs through a series of biochemical steps, and miRNA abundance can be regulated at each step of this biogenesis pathway. Recent work has uncovered regulation of mature miRNA turnover in the immune system as well. A better understanding of these processes and their regulation by immunogenic stimuli is critical for integrating miRNAs into current models of gene expression networks that determine cell identity and immune function.
Waveform modeling of two earthquakes (M ≈ 1.1) of July 1983 from the Miramichi aftershock zone

The earth model proposed earlier (Saikia and Herrmann, 1985a) is tested by modeling the short-distance waveforms from the earthquakes of 15 July 1983 (UTC 14h 46m 02.97s) and 18 July 1983 (UTC 05h 20m 01.08s) recorded at hard-rock sites in the Miramichi aftershock zone. Before comparing the waveforms, the admissible focal mechanisms are isolated by maximizing the vector dot product between both the observed and synthetic P - and S -wave amplitudes as well as the dot product of their amplitude ratios. The minimum value for the vector dot product is specified as 0.80. A focal-mechanism solution with the following parameters—a dip (δ) of 42.5°, slip (λ) of 80°, strike (φ) of 202°, and seismic moment of 2.5 × 1017 dyne-cm—shows the best waveform fit for the earthquake of 15 July 1983. Several focal mechanisms are possible for the earthquake of 18 July 1983, but a mechanism with a dip of 44°, slip of 110°, strike of 25°, and seismic moment of 3.9 × 1017 dyne-cm, which produces wave shapes and amplitudes in agreement with the observed data, is preferred. Spectral domain seismic moments are comparable to those of time domain seismic moments.
A Metabolite of 1-Hydrazinophthalazine (Hydralazine).∗

Summary1-Acetyl-2-phthalazyl hydrazine (acetylhydralazine) has been identified as a metabolic product of hydralazine in the rat, guinea pig, and pigeon.
Rapid diagnosis of human influenza infection from nasal smears by means of fluorescein-labeled antibody.

SummaryA specific rapid diagnosis of human influenzal infection by staining smears of nasal washings with fluorescein-labeled, an-tibody solution is described. This method was applied to 20 patients during an outbreak of influenza A-prime infections, to 44 cases during an outbreak of influenza B, and to 23 cases of various acute febrile or respiratory, illnesses. Taking a rise of 4-fold or greater in titer of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody during convalescence, or the recovery of virus from human nasal washings as diagnostic criteria for influenzal infection, the use of fluorescent antibody had a sensitivity of 71% in an influenza A-prime and 38% in an influenza B epidemic One false positive diagnosis was encountered among 23 non-in-fluenzal infections. The use of labeled antibody on smears of nasal washings is less sensitive than the HI test, but a positive diagnosis could be made on the day the specimens were collected, while the HI test requires a delay of 10 to 14 days for collection of con...