cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atherogenic dyslipidemia: Lipoprotein abnormalities and implications for therapy

Atherogenic dyslipidemia is a lipoprotein profile combining 4 specific abnormalities: borderline-high total cholesterol levels; high triglyceride concentrations; small, dense, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles; and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations. It is a predisposing factor to premature coronary artery disease (CAD), although separating and calculating the contribution of each abnormality to the risk of CAD is difficult, especially since the abnormalities often appear in this combination. The ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol is currently the most powerful single predictor of risk in dyslipidemic patients. Therapy for atherogenic dyslipidemia includes dietary changes aimed at decreasing intake of cholesterol-raising fatty acids and achieving weight reduction; exercise, which confers many of the benefits of weight reduction; and, when those measures fail to correct the lipid and lipoprotein profile, drug therapy. Nicotinic acid reduces triglyceride and cholesterol levels while raising HDL concentrations, but up to half of patients cannot tolerate its adverse effects. Fibric acids effectively lower triglyceride levels and are generally well tolerated but have little beneficial effect on the cholesterol profile. Statins offer marked reductions in total, LDL, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and cause modest increases in HDL concentration. Combination therapy can enhance the efficacy of the individual drugs.
The amphipod crustaceans of North Carolina estuarine waters

Seventy-four species of gammaridean (nine undescribed) and four species of caprellidean amphipods are reported from estuarine waters of North Carolina. The range ofGrandidierella bonnieroides is extended northward and that ofAmpithoe valida, Argissa hamatipes andCorophium insidiosum is extended southward. Notes on habitats and zoogeography are included, as well as a key to identification. Most species occurring in North Carolina belong to an assemblage ranging from Cape Cod to northeastern Florida. Cape Hatteras does represent a significant faunistic boundary to estuarine amphipod species.
Robotic versus laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for bilateral synchronous kidney tumors: single-institution comparative analysis.

Objective To compare the intraoperative and early postoperative outcomes of robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) with those of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) outcomes in patients with bilateral synchronous renal tumors. RPN is emerging as an attractive minimally invasive nephron-sparing approach for renal tumors. Methods Our ongoing institutional review board-approved, prospectively maintained, kidney cancer database was used to identify the study population. The medical records of patients who underwent minimally invasive nephron-sparing surgery at our institution from January 2001 to March 2010 were used. A cohort of 9 patients undergoing bilateral RPN was identified and compared with 17 consecutive patients who underwent sequential bilateral LPN. The demographic, intraoperative, postoperative, and short-term renal functional data were retrospectively compared between the 2 groups. Results A total of 18 procedures were performed in the RPN group and 32 in the LPN group. The median warm ischemia time was shorter in the RPN group than in the LPN group (19 vs 37 minutes, respectively; P = .059). The median tumor size was 2.85 and 2.7 cm in the RPN and LPN group, respectively ( P = .03). The final median postoperative glomerular filtration rate was 68.7 mL/min/1.73 m 2 (interquartile range 14-73) and 26.9 mL/min/1.73 m 2 (interquartile range 20-70) in the RPN and LPN groups, respectively ( P = .004). No difference was found in the complications in the RPN group (n = 2) compared with the LPN group (n = 4). Conclusion RPN is a safe and effective minimally invasive nephron-sparing treatment of bilateral synchronous kidney tumors. A trend was seen toward a shorter warm ischemia time and less effects on postoperative renal function compared with the laparoscopic approach.
Mean seasonal and spatial variability in global surface air temperature

Using terrestrial observations of shelter-height air temperature and shipboard measurements, a global climatology of mean monthly surface air temperature has been compiled. Data were obtained from ten sources, screened for coding errors, and redundant station records were removed. The combined data base consists of 17 986 independent terrestrial station records and 6 955 oceanic grid-point records. These data were then interpolated to a 0.5° of latitude by 0.5° of longitude lattice using a spherically-based interpolation algorithm. Spatial distributions of the annual mean and intra-annual variance are presented along with a harmonic decomposition of the intra-annual variance.
Tracing the Cognitive Revolution Through a Literature Search

Using a literature search, undergraduates in a cognitive psychology course examine the tables of contents in volumes of selected journals published during the last 4 decades. Students judge whether each article's topic and terminology represent a behavioral or cognitive framework. This assignment is used to: (a) compare how topics of learning and memory are approached from behavioral versus cognitive frameworks. (b) demonstrate the historical and dynamic nature of conceptual frameworks in psychology, and (c) introduce concepts and research topics in contemporary cognitive psychology.
3-Dimensional Computer Simulation of Plasma Confinement in a Resonant RF Cavity Aided by a Magnetic Mirror: Single Particle Trajectories

The 3-dimensional trajectories of a single, charged particle within the fields of a resonant microwave cavity and a DC magnetic mirror were computed. The RF fields were due to the TM011 mode of a cylindrical cavity which produces a closed, 3-dimensional, axisymmetric containment region in the center of the cavity. The mirror field was produced by current carrying rings at the ends of the cylinder. The combined fields were able to contain particles which would escape the RF containment well alone. Similarly, the loss cone angles at the ends of the mirror were decreased, a result noted by Gray [1] for a mirror simulated by parabolic magnetic fields aided by a 1-dimensional RF containment well.
Multifunctional polymeric scaffolds for enhancement of PARACEST contrast sensitivity and performance: Effects of random copolymer variations

A DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N",N'"-tetraacetic acid) tetraamide ligand having a single acrylamide side-chain (M1) was copolymerized with either 2-methylacrylic acid (MAA), 2-(acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) or N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) to create a series of linear random copolymers using classical free radical chain polymerization chemistry. The metal ion binding properties of hydrolyzed M1 were investigated by pH potentiometry and the europium (III) complexes of the resulting heteropolymers were evaluated as PARACEST imaging agents. All polymeric agents were found to possess similar intermediate-to-slow water exchange and CEST characteristics as the parent EuDOTA-tetraamide monomer. Consistent with basic multiplexing principles, the highest molecular weight polymer, Eu-DMAA 3.1, also showed the highest CEST sensitivity with a detection limit of 20 ± 2 μM. The second arylamide component gave polymers with widely different chemical characteristics and CEST properties. In particular, the Eu-DNIPAM 4.0 and Eu-DMAA 4.1 polymers displayed different solubility characteristics as a function of pH or temperature which, in turn, affected the water exchange and CEST properties of the corresponding agents. It was concluded that introduction of hydrophobic groups into the polymer backbone reduces solvent accessibility to the Eu(3+) component, effectively slowing water exchange between the inner-sphere water coordination position at each Eu(3+) center with bulk water. The CEST properties of the heteropolymers when dissolved in plasma suggest that the more hydrophobic characteristics of these polymers could be advantageous for in vivo applications.
The Western Hemisphere of Venus: 3.5 cm Dual Circular-Polarization Radar Images

Abstract We present new dual circular-polarization radar maps of the western hemisphere of Venus. The results are from a 1993 experiment imaging Venus with 3.5 cm radar. Continuous-wave right circularly polarized flux was transmitted toward Venus from the 70 m Deep Space Network antenna in Goldstone, California. The echo was received in both the same sense (SS) and the opposite sense (OS) of circular polarization at the Very Large Array in New Mexico. By spatially reconstructing the echo with the interferometer, maps of Venusian radar albedo were made for each of two days of observation in both OS (echo principally due to specular reflection) and SS (diffuse echo) channels. On both days, the sub-earth longitude was near 300 E. The SS maps are dominated by a significant component of diffuse backscatter from the 285 E longitude highlands: Beta, Phoebe, and Themis Regiones. Beta Regio includes radar-anomalous regions with high reflectivity and low emissivity. The nature of these altitude-related electrical properties on Venus is one of the outstanding surface process questions that remain after Magellan. Our experiment adds the first full-disk polarization ratio (μ c ) maps to the discussion. The data show that different geology determines different radar scattering properties within Beta. Diffuse scattering is very important in Beta, and may be due to either surface or volume scattering. We find a strong correlation of the SS albedo σ SS with altitude R p (km) in Beta, σ SS ∝ 0.3 R p . Also, σ OS ∝ 0.7 R p . The onset of this relationship is at the R p ∼ 6054 km planetary radius contour. The nature and morphology of the highland radar anomalies in Beta is consistent with a diffuse scattering mechanism. In Beta Regio we find μ c > 0.5 in general, with μ c as high as 0.8 between Rhea and Theia Montes, to the west of Devana Chasma. These values are compatible with measurements of blocky terrestrial lava flows if surface scattering dominates. If volume scattering is important, the high RCP cross-sections may indicate an important decrease in embedded scatterer size with altitude, which could be related to enhanced weathering.
Two-color immunocytochemistry for evaluation of effusion fluids for metastatic adenocarcinoma

Background: The evaluation of serous fluids by conventional one color immunocytochemistry is complex and challenging. Design: We selected and studied 37 serous fluid cytology specimens (23 pleural, 13 peritoneal, 1 pericardial), collected over a 4-year period. They were unequivocally positive for metastatic adenocarcinoma based on clinical correlation, cytomorphology, and one color immunocytochemistry on cell block sections. 3 µm serial sections of cell blocks were immunostained by a two chromogen method (peroxidase with brown chromogen followed by alkaline phosphatase with red chromogen). Combinations evaluated were: A- vimentin followed by cytokeratin (CK) 7; B- calretinin followed by BerEP4, C- calretinin followed by CK 20. Additionally, difficulty of interpretation was evaluated on a scale of 1(easy) to 5 (difficult). Cases demonstrating decreased or complete loss of immunoreactivity with alkaline phosphatase red chromogen system were also evaluated with routine one color immunostaining by alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase individually. The pretreatments for antigen retrieval and antibody dilutions were identical to those used for conventional one color immunostaining with respective immunomarker. Result: Combination 'A' showed correlation with the immunoreactivity pattern observed with one color immunostaining. However, the immunoreactivity of the second immunomarker was compromised in combinations B and C. In the latter group, the sections immunostained with one color alkaline phosphatase indicator system also showed weak immunoreactivity or complete loss of immunoreactivity for the corresponding second immunomarker. However, the peroxidase system showed proper immunoreactivity for those immunomarkers. Average difficulty of interpretation for the two color method was 1.06 (range- 1 to 2) as compared to 2.95 (range: 1 to 5) with the one color method. This difference was statistically significant (two-tailed P<.0001, paired t test). The higher scores of difficulty were observed in cases with a paucity of tumor cells and cases with predominance of isolated tumor cells. Conclusion: Dual immunostaining facilitated identification of the foreign population of malignant cells in effusion fluids with objective, reproducible precision. However, due to relatively lower sensitivity of alkaline phosphatase as a second indicator system, immunoreactivity was diminished for BerEP4 and lost for CK 20.
Factors influencing passive transfer in dairy calves.

Abstract Records from 2105 calves born over 2 yr on a large dairy in a subtropical climate were examined to delineate factors that influence passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins and the effect of passive transfer of immunoglobulin on calf mortality. Seasonal effects on immunoglobulin absorption were detected with highest serum total protein occurring in February and March. Lower total protein concentrations were associated with elevated environmental temperatures in the summer months. Maternal antibody was highest in calves from second parity cows; and dystocia appeared to decrease the amount of immunoglobulin absorbed by the neonatal calf. Calves that died of infectious disease during the first 14 wk of life had significantly lower serum total protein concentrations than those that lived. Heritability of serum protein concentration in calves was .02 ± .03.
Probing G protein-coupled receptor-ligand interactions with targeted photoactivatable cross-linkers.

It has been 50 years since F. H. Westheimer and colleagues reported the first use of a photoactivatable cross-linking reagent to study the active site of chymotrypsin. In studies of seven transmembrane helical receptors, also known as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), recent simultaneous advances in structural biology, molecular dynamics simulations, and amber codon suppression methods have allowed the development of a targeted photo-cross-linking strategy to probe receptor–ligand interactions in cell membranes. We review here recent advances in targeted photo-cross-linking of GPCR–ligand complexes in the context of extensive earlier work that primarily relied upon the use of ligand analogues with photoactivatable constituents.
Polymer permeability and time lag at high concentrations of sorbate

Abstract A recently proposed theory of polymer sorption derived from thermodynamic analysis, was used to develop general analytical expressions for permeability, time lag and steady-state profile under non-linear Types I and II sorption equilibrium observed in glassy polymer membranes and Type III equilibrium observed in rubbers. Useful subclasses of these general analytical expressions are explored in order to demonstrate their utility for characterisation.
A Rational Millennium: Puritan Utopias of Seventeenth-Century England and America

Taking a new approach to the history of utopia, this volume combines the political study of literary form with the literary study of political rhetoric. After arguing that early modern utopists, both literary and non-literary, attempt to reshape displaced populations, Holstun concentrates on two utopian projects of the mid-17th century: the political platforms and Algonquin "praying towns" of John Eliot in Massachusetts and the republican political theory of James Harrington in Protectorate England. Moving between these projects and modern analyses of rationalization, he shows that Puritan utopia shares the modern Western longing for universal social discipline and that it envisions this discipline as the rational means to the Millennium.
Age, Abstract Thinking, and the American Concept of Person

This study concerns the way Americans think, as revealed by the descriptive phrases people use to characterize others, especially the personalities ofothers. Our findings, if substantiated by other studies, have important implications for culture theory as it relates to intracultural and cross-cultural studies of cognition. Our original aim was the replication of the American part of a cross-cultural study by Richard A. Shweder and Edmund J. Bourne (1982) which reports significant differences in the way Chicago-area Americans and Oriyas of Bhubaneswar (Orissa, India) conceptualize and think about the personhood of close acquaintances. In large part we succeed in this replication. (See also the findings on American abstract thinking by Hamilton and Sanders 1983 and Miller 1984).' Unexpectedly, however, we also find significant cognitive differences between American adults in different age groups, differences suggesting that older Americans are as much like Oriyas as they are like younger Americans. For comparison with Chicago Americans and Oriya Indians we use the methods of the original study, with certain strategic changes, to examine long-term residents of Chico, a city with a metropolitan population of approximately 88,000 situated within a largely rural region of northern California.
Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors plus chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: biologic rationale for combination strategies

Chemotherapy continues to play an essential role in the treatment of most stages of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In fact, within the past 5 years, this role has greatly expanded into adjuvant therapy for early-stage resected disease. Likewise, agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), particularly the tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib, have proven to be clinically active in patients with advanced-stage NSCLC. Because of these findings, it is logical to expect that combinations of these 2 classes of antineoplastic agents would prove more efficacious than either one alone. Yet 4 large randomized phase III trials of chemotherapy with or without an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor in unselected patients with advanced-stage NSCLC, altogether totaling > 4000 patients, did not demonstrate improvement in clinical outcomes with the combination. Whether these negative results will be reproduced in ongoing combination studies of chemotherapy plus monoclonal antibodies directed against EGFR remain to be determined. Herein, we review recent preclinical and clinical data addressing this topic and explore the biologic rationale for developing new combination strategies based on patient selection by molecular and clinical factors, or by pharmacodynamic parameters.
Simultaneous Identification of Two Cyclohexanone Oxidation Genes from an Environmental Brevibacterium Isolate Using mRNA Differential Display

The technique of mRNA differential display was used to identify simultaneously two metabolic genes involved in the degradation of cyclohexanone in a new halotolerant Brevibacterium environmental isolate. In a strategy based only on the knowledge that cyclohexanone oxidation was inducible in this strain, the mRNA population of cells exposed to cyclohexanone was compared to that of control cells using reverse transcription-PCR reactions primed with a collection of 81 arbitrary oligonucleotides. Three DNA fragments encoding segments of flavin monooxygenases were isolated with this technique, leading to the identification of the genes of two distinct cyclohexanone monooxygenases, the enzymes responsible for the oxidation of cyclohexanone. Each monooxygenase was expressed in Escherichia coli and characterized. This work validates the application of mRNA differential display for the discovery of new microbial metabolic genes.
On integrity in inquiry... of the investigated, not the investigator:

The article begins with a sketch of the relation of interaction to language and to culture, and of the students of interaction to the students of language and of culture. A 10-second segment of recorded interaction at a family dinner is then examined in a fashion meant to preserve the integrity1 of what is being done interactionally while incorporating attention to the deployment of various facets of the language that is used, and its relationship to simultaneously ongoing bodily doings. An interactional practice – whining – from that episode is then juxtaposed with the same practice in several other segments of interaction in the interests of developing a more formal, transsituational account. The viability of research focused on phenomena in an analytically distinct domain of events while preserving the integrity of the occasions in which instances of the phenomenon occurred is then reviewed, using a case study of the conjoint use of phonetic analysis and conversation analysis. The article concludes wit...
On mining data across software repositories

Software repositories provide abundance of valuable information about open source projects. With the increase in the size of the data maintained by the repositories, automated extraction of such data from individual repositories, as well as of linked information across repositories, has become a necessity. In this paper we describe a framework that uses web scraping to automatically mine repositories and link information across repositories. We discuss two implementations of the framework. In the first implementation, we automatically identify and collect security problem reports from project repositories that deploy the Bugzilla bug tracker using related vulnerability information from the National Vulnerability Database. In the second, we collect security problem reports for projects that deploy the Launchpad bug tracker along with related vulnerability information from the National Vulnerability Database. We have evaluated our tool on various releases of Fedora, Ubuntu, Suse, RedHat, and Firefox projects. The percentage of security bugs identified using our tool is consistent with that reported by other researchers.
Bacterial hopanoids as tracers of organic carbon sources and processing across the western Arctic continental shelf

Tracing the inputs of bacterial organic carbon to marine systems has been constrained by the lack of distinguishing geochemical tracers and limited contribution in sediments compared to other sources of organic matter. Bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) provide a direct means to identify bacterial inputs which also reflect potential bacterial groups and their activities in aquatic systems. We applied recent analytical approaches to identify and quantify bacterial derived carbon contributions to surface sediments from the western Arctic Ocean using BHPs. The abundance and distribution of BHPs resemble trends of water column primary production and suggest active heterotrophic recycling of in situ production with some component of long term preservation. BHPs proposed as terrestrial derived signatures (i.e. adenosylhopanes) were also abundant in western Arctic sediments and reflect offshore trends of other terrigenous lipid signatures with a fraction representing their degradative products. Analysis of BHPs in organic rich peat and surface sediments from two Arctic rivers showed the highest inputs of adenosylhopanes, implying active bacterial recycling of recalcitrant terrigenous material. BHPs observed in western Arctic surface sediments reveal significant contributions of bacteria associated with organic carbon from multiple sources.
Carotid body gap junctions: secretion of transmitters and possible electric coupling between glomus cells and nerve terminals.

It is proposed that intercellular coupling between glomus cells and carotid nerve terminals form an integral part of the chemoreceptor process. Coupling is possible because gap junctions occur between these elements. At rest, most glomus cells would be coupled. Stimuli uncouple (or reduce coupling) most glomus cells that extrude their contents toward the nerve terminals. However, other glomus cells do not secrete but recharge and intercellular coupling increases. These phenomena would allow for sustained chemoreceptor activity during prolonged stimulation. Coupling between glomus and sustentacular cells may explain why the behavior of glomus cells in the intact carotid body and when clustered in cultures (when their sustentacular envelope is preserved) is different from that of isolatedcells where sustentacular cells are destroyed. The presence of electric synapses between glomus cells and nerve terminals may explain the poor performance of synaptic blockers on natural (hypoxia, hypercapnia, acidity) carotid body stimulation.
Synthesis and placement flow for gain-based programmable regular fabrics

In this paper we present the Gain-based Logic Block Array (GLA), a new via-programmable regular fabric. GLA is an array of Gain-based Logic Blocks (GLBs). The GLB is a semi-universal logic block designed based on logical effort theory[12]. Customization of the GLBs is provided by programmable vias. To achieve the best performance, appropriate fabric has to be selected from a family of GLAs with different performance-area trade-offs. We describe a synthesis and placement flow which, for a given design to be implemented, allows us to select the best GLA from the candidate family.
Finite generation properties for fuchsian group von Neumann algebras tensor ()

We prove that the algebraA =L(FN )B(H), FN a free group with nitely many generators, contains a subnormal operator J such that the linear span of the setf(J)nJmjn;m =0 ; 1; 2;:::g is weakly dense inA .T his is the analogue for the II1 factorL(FN )B(H), N nite, of a well known fact about the unilateral shift S on a Hilbert space K: the linear span of all the monomials (S)nSm is weakly dense in B(K). We also show that for a suitable space H 2 of square summable analytic functions, if P is the projection from the Hilbert space L 2 of all square sum- mable functions onto H 2 and M j is the unbounded operator of multiplication by j on L 2 , then the (unbounded) operator PMj(I P )i s nonzero (with nonzero domain). In this paper we prove the existence of nite systemsG of generators, with special properties, for the von Neumann algebrasL() B(H), obtained by tensoring the group von Neumann algebra of a fuchsian group with the bounded linear operators on an innite dimensional, separable, Hilbert space H. The results show that the linear span of ordered monomials that are products of powers of adjoints of elements inG with powers of elements inG is weakly dense in the algebra. In addition the systems of generators are a commuting family, consisting of subnormal operators. If = PSL(2;Z), then there exists a single subnormal operatorJ, in the algebra A =L(PSL(2;Z))B(H) (which by the results in ((Dyk), (Ra2)) is isomorphic to L(FN ) B(H), FN a free group with nitely many generators), such that linear span of the set f(J) n J m jn;m =0 ; 1; 2;:::g is weakly dense in A. This is the analogue for the II1 factorL(FN )B(H), N nite, of a well known fact about the unilateral shift S on a Hilbert space K: the linear span of all the monomials (S) n S m is weakly dense in B(K). The operator J comes from a Toeplitz operator having as symbol Dedekind's modular invariant function j and acting on a suitable Hilbert space of analytic functions. The construction in this paper may also be used to provide examples for Toeplitz operators with unbounded symbol, with unexpected behaviour, and non-closability for multiplication operators, with bounded symbol, in Sobolev type Hilbert spaces
An efficient method for hot-spot identification in ULSI circuits

In this paper, we present a method to efficiently identify the on-chip hot spots in ULSI circuits. A set of mathematical formulae were derived in analytical forms so that local temperature information can be fetched quickly. These formulae were based on the Green's function and error function approximation, and the resulting equations were further simplified to a tractable level by asserting different constraints. Experimental result shows that this method is able to accurately locate the hot spots with little time complexity. It is particularly useful for temperature-driven circuit macro placement in the early chip design phase, for which a large number of design iterations are needed and simulation efficiency is required.
Microwave-induced controlled purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes without sidewall functionalization

A microwave-induced controlled method for the purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by removing residual metal catalysts and carbonaceous impurities is reported. Compared to conventional strong acid treatment, this one-step method uses dilute acids and complexing agents and reduces the reaction times to the order of minutes. Furthermore, the SWCNTs retain their chemical and physical properties and are not functionalized. Electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and atomic absorption (AA) spectrometry studies were used to characterize the purified SWCNTs.
APS/CNM Users Meeting: Celebrating the International Year of Light

The International Year of Light and Light-Based Technologies (IYL) is a global initiative, adopted by the United Nations, to highlight the importance of light and optics technologies, and synchrotron light sources are recognized as important tools in revealing the atomic and molecular details of the world around us. The 2015 joint Advanced Photon Source (APS)/Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) Users Meeting was held on May 11–14. This article reports on the APS portion of the meeting. Apropos to both the IYL and the twentieth anniversary of the first X-ray beam at the APS, research highlights were presented and opportunities for upgrading the performance of the APS were discussed.
Non-orthogonal Binary Expansion of Gabor Filters with Applications in Object Tracking

Gabor filter response is widely used in many computer vision applications for its effectiveness in representing local image details. The major drawback of Gabor features is the high computation cost involved in the convolution between the image and the filter bank. This paper presents a method to approximate the Gabor filters as a linear combination of Haar-like features. These features are selected from a large redundant feature pool using a generative feature selection scheme - optimized orthogonal matching pursuit (OOMP). Major advantage of this representation is that the convolution between the image and the approximated Gabor filters can be computed very efficiently using integral image trick. We applied the proposed method to object tracking, promising results are demonstrated.
Radiosensitivity of Mammalian Cell Lines Engineered to Overexpress Cytosolic Glutathione Peroxidase

Reactive oxygen species are believed to be involved in radiation lethality. Glutathione peroxidase is an intracellular enzyme with antioxidant functions. To determine whether increasing the cellular antioxidant capacity can confer radiation resistance, the effect of overexpression of glutathione peroxidase on radiosensitivity was determined in two different cell types. An expression construct including the bovine cytosolic glutathione peroxidase cDNA was used to overexpress this enzyme in cells of the human lymphoblast cell line Sup-T1 as well as the Chinese hamster ovary cell line AA8. Supplementation of the culture media with 30 nM sodium selenite was included to obtain optimal glutathione peroxidase activity. Northern blot analysis confirmed the presence of the construct mRNA, and a standard coupled spectrophotometric assay demonstrated significantly increased glutathione peroxidase activity in the transfected cell lines. An approximately 8-fold increase was found in the Sup-T1 cells, and an approximately 30-fold increase was obtained in the Chinese hamster ovary AA8 cells. Clonogenic survival was assayed in the overexpressing cells and compared to that in control cells transfected with vector alone. Despite significantly increased glutathione peroxidase activity, no observable radioprotection was conferred in either of the two cell lines studied, indicating that increased glutathione peroxidase activity is insufficient to confer radioresistance in the two cell types examined. These data are discussed in the context of using antioxidants as adjuncts to clinical radiotherapy.
Modeling and Control of Automated Pipe Hoisting in Oil and Gas Well Construction

This paper presents a robust control algorithm for automatic hoisting of a drill string in oil and gas drilling operations. We demonstrate an iterative scheme for trajectory design and present a lumped dynamic model of the hoisting system. The trajectory is used along with the dynamic model to design a hybrid sliding mode and gain scheduled PI controller to deal with the frictional nonlinearities of the system. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of this approach in optimally performing the pipe hoisting task.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Effects of estrogen on whole animal and tissue glucose use in female and male rainbow trout.

Reports of changes in carbohydrate metabolism during vitellogenesis in fish prompted an investigation of the effects of estrogen on glucose utilization in rainbow trout. Estrogen pellets were implanted in both female and male fish, and a third group of male fish was given a sham operation. After cannulation of the dorsal aorta, D-[1-3H]glucose and 2-deoxy-D-[U-14C]glucose were injected into the fish to observe whole animal and tissue glucose use. We found that estrogen does not affect glucose turnover rate or transit time but causes a decrease in plasma glucose concentration and size of the glucose mixing pool. Adipose tissue in female fish utilized glucose at a higher rate than sham fish. Ovarian tissue used more glucose per kilogram of body weight than the testes of the male fish. Regardless of treatment, brain had the highest rate of glucose consumption per gram of tissue, followed by gonads and red blood cells. Muscle and adipose tissue utilized only small amounts (< 1 nmol.g tissue-1.min-1) of glucose. We conclude that an increase in the rate of whole body glucose use is not responsible for the fall in plasma glucose caused by estrogen and seen during vitellogenesis.
“The Mother State and Her Weaker Children”: Social Work and the Institutionalization of the “Feebleminded”

In the United States, the institutionalization of people labeled feebleminded gained significant momentum during the Progressive Era. In this article, I use a biographical approach to examine social work’s role in the expansion of institutions for this population. I employ feminist standpoint theory to detail how the profession used its dominant standpoint—maternalism—as a political strategy to justify the segregation of people labeled feebleminded. Implications for future scholarship and for social work are presented.
Effects of Heat Treatment Processes on Corrosion Resistance of Epoxy-Coated Rebar Steel

Potentiodynamic polarization analysis was performed on heat-treated (quenched, normalized, or annealed) and epoxy-coated rebar steel samples in 3.5% NaCl solutions. Two types of epoxy coatings including a commercially available (Araldite LY 1556 with Aradur 2964 as curing agent, brushed) and FibreGlast with Resin 2000 epoxy coating (sprayed) using manufacturer’s recommendations were utilized in this study. Optical microscopy, hardness testing, and potentiodynamic polarization were carried out to study microstructure, hardness, and corrosion resistance of the bare and epoxy-coated rebar steel samples. Bare, as-received, rebar samples exhibited the highest corrosion rate of 11.93 μA/cm2 followed by quenched bare sample with 4.2 μA/cm2. Annealed and normalized rebar samples showed corrosion rates of 2.8 and 2.6 μA/cm2, respectively. All epoxy-coated samples exhibited lower corrosion rates compared to their uncoated counterparts.
Using I-LEARN to Foster the Information and Digital Literacies of Middle School Students

This paper summarizes the findings from focus group data of four teachers and 41 middle school students in an urban school who were involved in a project that used the I-LEARN framework to develop the participants’ skills in information and digital literacy. An analysis of the data revealed that the students found it useful and/or challenging to find and evaluate information on the Internet and to design digital products and that their digital skills improved in different ways. The teachers cited various approaches and purposes for using technology during the project and held varying assumptions about their students’ digital literacy skills.
Design of multiband optics using updated athermal/achromatic glass map

Recently, optical materials have been developed by Schott and NRL to improve material selection in the SWIR, MWIR, and LWIR wavelength regions. In addition, new multiband detectors are reaching maturity, leading to a natural push for common aperture lens systems. Detectors that can span the SWIR/MWIR, MWIR/LWIR or SWIR/MWIR/LWIR wavelengths regions will require complex optical systems to effectively utilize their full potential. Designing common aperture wide-band systems that are both achromatized and passively athermal, especially while maintaining SWAP-c (size, weight, power and cost), poses significant challenges. Through use of the updated γν-ν diagram, which provides guidance on material combinations that both achromatize and athermalize, part of that challenge is reduced. This updated γν-ν diagram uses instantaneous Abbe number and peak wavelength. The instantaneous Abbe number is a function of wavelength and is the scaled reciprocal of the instantaneous dispersion. The instantaneous Abbe number is defined at the peak wavelength, which occurs when the second derivative of the index of refraction goes to zero. Three examples will be presented using this updated athermal/achromatic glass map to demonstrate its effectiveness. These design examples will include a SWIR/MWIR design, a MWIR/LWIR design and, a SWIR/MWIR/LWIR design.
Raciolinguistic ideology and Spanish-English bilingualism on the US labor market: An analysis of online job advertisements

Multilingualism is often framed as human capital that increases individuals’ labor market value. Such assertions overlook the role of ideology in assigning value to languages and their speakers based on factors other than communicative utility. This article explores the value assigned to Spanish-English bilingualism on the United States labor market through a mixed methods analysis of online job advertisements. Findings suggest that Spanish-English bilingualism is frequently preferred or required for employment in the US, but that such employment opportunities are less lucrative. The results suggest a penalty associated with Spanish-English bilingualism in which positions listing such language requirements advertise lower wages than observationally similar positions. Quantitative disparities and qualitative differences in the specification of language requirements across income levels suggest that bilingual labor is assigned value through a racial lens that leads to linguistic work undertaken by and for US Latinxs being assigned less value. (Multilingualism, labor market, Spanish in the United States, economics of language, raciolinguistics, human capital)*
Subcapsular Splenic Urinoma and Splenorenal Fistula: A New Complication of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

Abstract Background: Splenic urinoma has not been previously reported as a complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). Case Presentation: A 46-year-old Caucasian male underwent PNL for two large left renal stones. Surgery was performed in prone split-leg position, with access obtained through combined fluoroscopic guidance and direct ureteroscopic observation of the targeted calix. The tract was dilated to 30F using a pressure balloon, and complete clearance of stones was obtained through a combination of rigid and flexible nephroscopy, as well as antegrade ureteroscopy. The patient was left with a Double-J ureteral stent on a string for removal in 1 week. After overnight observation, his hemoglobin, white blood cell count, and renal function were normal and thus he was discharged home. The day after stent removal, he presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain, was found to have mild left hydronephrosis on CT, and was discharged on 1 week of antibiotics. One week later he re-present...
Oligopolistic Competition Among Cloud Providers in Electricity and Data Networks

Cloud computing as an emerging computing model provides computing resources as general utilities for the end-users through the Internet. This paper presents a market structure to address the competition among cloud providers in the wholesale electricity market and cloud computing market (CCM). The cloud providers compete to serve the customers in the CCM while they bid for the electricity demand in the wholesale market. The proposed market structure highlights the interdependence among electricity and cloud computing infrastructure systems by introducing the dynamic game with complete information among cloud providers in the wholesale market and the CCM. At each infrastructure system, the operation strategies of the market participants are determined by forming bilevel optimization problems in which the upper-level problem maximizes the payoff of the market participants while the lower-level problem represents the corresponding market settlement process. Independent system operator ensures the security and reliability of the network in the wholesale market while the demand and supply are balanced in the CCM to determine the price of the offered computing resources. A case study illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Combined Entropy and Output-Based Adjoint Approach for Mesh Refinement and Error Estimation

This paper presents a strategy for mesh refinement driven by a new indicator that combines two previously investigated indicators: one based on a user-specified engineering output, such as drag or ...
Minimally Conscious of Alternatives: Other Decision-Making Models for Recovering MCS Patients

As clinical ethics practitioners, we appreciate the effort of Wright and colleagues (2018) and support their laudable goal of advancing ethically appropriate decision-making mechanisms for patients...
Development of the PEA-PODS (Perceptions of the Environment and Patterns of Diet at School) Survey for Students.

INTRODUCTION Few instruments assess key outcomes of school-based obesity interventions, including student perceptions of school environments and school-specific dietary intake patterns. This study describes development of PEA-PODS (Perceptions of the Environment and Patterns of Diet at School), a 2-part survey to measure these outcomes. METHODS Part 1 (PEA) assessed student perceptions of policies, physical environment, and practices related to healthy eating and physical activity at school. Part 2 (PODS) assessed usual intake (ie, frequency, location obtained, and foods consumed) of breakfast and lunch. Foods consumed were presented by MyPlate categories (eg, Fruits, Grains). Students in grades 3, 6, and 9 participated in 2 phases: cognitive pre-testing (n = 10) and reliability/validation testing (n = 58). Both surveys were administered 1 week apart to assess test-retest reliability and 5-day food records validated PODS. Analyses included percent agreement (70% = acceptable), Pearson correlations, and Cronbach α. RESULTS Cognitive pre-testing provided feedback on content, length, and age-appropriateness. Percent agreements were acceptable for test-retest reliability of PEA (71%-96%). The final version included 34 items with Likert-type responses in 4 subscales (α ≥0.78). For PODS, agreement for breakfast and lunch location was ≥75% for both reliability and validation. For foods consumed at breakfast, reliability agreement ranged from 74% to 93%, and validation agreement from 68% to 91%. For foods consumed at lunch, agreement ranges were 76% to 95% and 73% to 88%, respectively. CONCLUSION Both parts of the instrument demonstrate acceptable reliability, and PODS demonstrates acceptable validity. This demonstrates appropriateness for assessing perceptions of the environment and usual dietary intake patterns for school-based obesity prevention initiatives.
Interpolation and Lp Inequalities

In this chapter we develop a multi-component version of the Riesz-Thorin interpolation theorem and use it to derive a number of L p inequalities which are natural relatives of inequality (4.15) and the now standard inequalities of Clarkson. These inequalities are crucial to the problem of extending Lipschitz-Holder maps of order a between L p spaces (see §19). In addition they are of considerable intrinsic interest, a point we here emphasize by applying certain of their number to a packing problem in L p .
Chemistry characterization of jet aircraft engine particulate matter by XPS: Results from APEX III

This paper reports XPS analysis of jet exhaust particulate from a B737, Lear, ERJ, and A300 aircraft during the APEX III NASA led field campaign. Carbon hybridization and bonding chemistry are identified by high-resolution scans about the C1s core-shell region. Significant organic content as gauged by the sp3/sp2 ratio is found across engines and platforms. Polar oxygen functional groups include carboxylic, carbonyl and phenol with combined content of 20 percent or more. By lower resolution survey scans various elements including transition metals are identified along with lighter elements such as S, N, and O in the form of oxides. Burning additives within lubricants are probable sources of Na, Ba, Ca, Zn, P and possibly Sn. Elements present and their percentages varied significantly across all engines, not revealing any trend or identifiable cause for the differences, though the origin is likely the same for the same element when observed. This finding suggests that their presence can be used as a tracer for identifying soots from aircraft engines as well as diagnostic for monitoring engine performance and wear.
Implementation of Resettlement Programmes Amongst Pastoralist Communities in Eastern Tibet

In the context of a major policy initiative by the Chinese state to better ­integrate western areas with the rest of the country, the government is implementing numerous programmes that affect the pastoral communities of the Tibetan Plateau. Resettlement of pastoralists away from their traditional grazing lands is the most significant intervention into their way of life. According to the design of resettlement programmes, small village settlements are viewed as ideal for establishing new lifestyles for Tibetan pastoralists who should afford increased comfort and income possibilities through better connections to infrastructure. The research results from my case study area of Zeku County, Qinghai Province, demonstrate that implementation of resettlement away from grasslands often does not reflect official planning, and that there has been a general lack of consultation with Tibetan pastoralists throughout the entire process. Due to insufficient state support for pastoralists to obtain alternative skills and livelihoods, the many resettlement villages now appearing across the eastern Tibetan plateau remain populated by unemployed pastoralists facing an uncertain future.
I am I:A/M—The Therapist as Personification of Hopper's Fourth Basic Assumption

The group therapist often and perhaps necessarily personifies Incohesion and displays its predominant defenses of contact-shunning Aggregation, and merger-hungry Massification. Hence, I am I:A/M. In Hopper's group example, and in each of three of this author's groups, the therapist displayed aggregative and massified defenses, countertansferential duals of basic assumptive transferences. In any therapeutic interaction, it is possible to find elements of incohesion, dependency, pairing, and fight/flight. The incohesion concept has significant clinical utility. A theoretical question remains, whether Hopper's proposed axis of experience and defense merits the special status, basic assumption, or whether incohesion may be collapsed into the existing triad of basic assumptions.