cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-Gaussian models for stochastic mechanics

Memoryless transformations of Gaussian processes and transformations with memory of the Brownian and Levy processes are used to represent general non-Gaussian processes. The transformations with memory are solutions of stochastic differential equations driven by Gaussian and Levy white noises. The processes obtained by these transformations are referred to as non-Gaussian models. Methods are developed for calibrating these models to records or partial probabilistic characteristics of non-Gaussian processes. The solution of the model calibration problem is not unique. There are different non-Gaussian models that are equivalent in the sense that they are consistent with the available information on a non-Gaussian process. The response analysis of linear and non-linear oscillators subjected to equivalent non-Gaussian models shows that some response statistics are sensitive to the particular equivalent non-Gaussian model used to represent the input. This observation is relevant for applications because the choice of a particular non-Gaussian input model can result in inaccurate predictions of system performance.
Elevated immunoglobulin E in infantile polyarteritis nodosa.

Two infants who died with polyarteritis nodosa in which the coronary arteries were principally affected had significantly elevated levels of serum IgE. The role of IgE in the pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear.
Discordance of SSA/RO and SSB/La Cellular Antigens in Synchronized Cells

SSA/Ro and SSB/La are soluble cellular proteins to which antibodies are frequently produced in patients with Sjogren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. In this investigation, we examined anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La staining patterns on synchronized WiL2 cells and mixed lymphocyte culture cells using monospecific antisera. In addition to its presence in the nucleoplasm, the SSB/La antigen was highly concentrated in the nucleolus of cells during the late G1 and early S phase and is thus cell cycle-related. In contrast, the SSA/Ro antigen was found to be independent of cell cycle, showing a nuclear speckled pattern in all phases. Blocking experiments indicated that free SSB/La is responsible for the nucleolar staining, whereas the combination of both SSA/Ro and SSB/La determines the nucleoplasmic speckled staining pattern.
The National Endowment for the Arts in the 1990s A Black Eye on the Arts

This article seeks to explain the battering sustained by the United States' National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) during the ongoing culture wars over federal subsidies, by situating the NEA in the conjoined histories of both U.S. cultural policy and contemporary debates about citizenship. On the basis of this analysis, it is suggested that the policy options of leaving culture to the market, base, or existing systems of support all lack a base in democratic politics.
Importance of surface preparation on the nano-indentation stress-strain curves measured in metals

In this work, we investigated experimentally the various factors influencing the extraction of indentation stress-strain curves from spherical nanoindentation on metal samples using two different tip radii. In particular, we focused on the effects of (i) the surface preparation techniques used, (ii) the presence of a surface oxide layer, and (iii) the occurrence of pop-ins at the elastic-plastic transition on our newly developed data analysis methods for extracting reliable indentation stress-strain curves. Rough mechanical polishing was shown to introduce a large scatter in the measured indentation yield strengths, whereas electropolishing or vibropolishing produced consistent results reflective of the pristine sample. The data analysis techniques used were able to discard the portions of the raw data affected by a thin oxide layer, present on most metal surfaces, and yield reasonable indentation stress-strain curves. Experiments with different indenter tip radii on annealed and cold-worked samples indicated that pop-ins are caused by delayed nucleation of dislocations in the sample under the indenter.
Movement-related EEG potentials are force or end-effector dependent: evidence from a multi-finger experiment.

Abstract Objectives : This study examined behavioral and electrocortical responses in producing 3 levels of force (25, 50 and 75% of MVC) at a constant rate of force development with each of 4 fingers both during the achievement of the desired force ( ramp phase) and its maintenance ( static phase). We were particularly interested in describing in more detail the interaction between nominal force and finger on various components of movement-related potential (MRP) associated with preparation and execution of isometric force production tasks. Methods : Our experimental design systematically controlled the rate of force development while nominal force level was experimentally manipulated during isometric force production tasks. We applied time-domain averaging of EEG single trials in order to extract 3 components of MRP (BP −600 to −500 ; MP −100 to 0 ; MMP) preceding and accompanying behavioral responses. Results : Overall, as in our previous research the effect of force per se was not reflected in the EEG components. However, we did find an interaction between finger and force level in both the Bereitshaftspotential (BP) and motor potential (MP) components of the movement-related potentials. While the middle, ring and little finger produced no differences in EEG components at any of the 3 force levels, the index finger did. We further correlated the force trajectory and the EEG time series with the highest correlations found in the lowest force level with the index finger. As the force level was increased, the correlation was significantly reduced. Conclusions : Overall, the whole complex of MRP components and evolution of EEG time series during multi-finger isometric force production tasks reflect a combination of factors including the primary end-effector performing the task and interaction of end-effector and the amount of nominal force.
Incoherent Scattering of Radio Waves by Free Electrons with Applications to Space Exploration by Radar

Free electrons in an ionized medium scatter radio waves weakly. Under certain conditions only incoherent scattering exists. A powerful radar can detect the incoherent backscatter from the free electrons in and above the earth's ionosphere. The received signal is spread in frequency by the Doppler shifts associated with the thermal motion of the electrons. On the basis of incoherent backscatter by free electrons a powerful radar, but one whose components are presently within the state of the art, is capable of: 1) measuring electron density and electron temperature as a function of height and time at all levels in the earth's ionosphere and to heights of one or more earth's radii; 2) measuring auroral ionization; 3) detecting transient streams of charged particles coming from outer space; and 4) exploring the existence of a ring current. The instrument is capable of 1) obtaining radar echoes from the sun, Venus, and Mars and possibly from Jupiter and Mercury; and 2) receiving from certain parts of remote space hitherto-undetected sources of radiation at meter wavelengths.
Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Displacement Damage in Ion-Bmcbarded Single Crystal α-A1 2 O 3 and α-SiO 2

Volume changes in ion-bombarded single crystals of sapphire and α-quartz have been investigated as functions of ion mass and initial energy and of the energy partitioning into atomic and ionization processes. In addition, channeled proton-induced X-ray measurements were made of displacement damage after ion bombardment. Results indicate an ionization stimulated annealing effect of the radiation damage in sapphire which prevents this material from becoming amorphous even at high ion fluences. In contrast, α-quartz shows no such annealing effect and loses its crystallinity completely at high ion fluences.
Low-distortion resistive anodes for two-dimensional position-sensitive MCP systems.

Microchannel plates (MCPs) are frequently employed with resistive anodes to detect charged particles or photons and yield analog signals from which event positions can be decoded. We discuss an anode geometry devised by C.W. Gear that offers theoretically distortionless encoding of Cartesian event positions into pulse charge ratios. Electron beam images taken with such an anode are shown, and confirm the usefulness of the approach.
Clozaril and Allah—A Patient's Journey Into Wellness: A Case Report and Cultural Formulation

This article reports the case of a 27-year-old Haitian man who has been in treatment for schizoaffective disorder in New York. His family of origin is Christian, but he identifies as a Muslim. The patient's psychiatric illness first took the form of an existential depression that led him on a quest for meaning, attracting him to Islamic ideals. His emerging psychotic symptoms then caused him to misperceive his role and relationship to the Islamic teachings. After numerous inpatient hospitalizations, and failed medication trials, he was started on Clozaril (clozapine). His interest and commitment to Islam, initially seen as a symptom of his illness, was later recognized and used as an integral part of his treatment. This patient attributes his success to two major factors: Clozaril and Allah.
Kinetics and thermochemistry of the reaction of acetylene and nitric oxide

The shock tube data of Ogura [5] on the pyrolysis of C2H2/NO mixtures (1100–1500 K) is shown to be consistent with a simple mechanism whereby radicals are both initiated and terminated by NO (Scheme I). The scheme accounts for the rate of formation of the main product, vinylacetylene (VA), the lesser products CO and HCN and a very minor product, propionitrile. It is also shown to be consistent with other studies below 900 K and observation at 300 K on the reactions of vinyl radicals with NO. The substantial inhibition of vinyl acetylene formation by 5% NO makes untenable any substantial role of vinylidene in the C2H2 pyrolysis above 1000°K. The reaction of NO with acetylene is an efficient source of HCN. It appears to be a general reaction of NO with substituted acetylenes and below 900 K a mechanism is presented to account for the production of acrylonitrile (AN) from the reaction of NO with VA. Thermochemical data are estimated on ΔfH°298 and S°298 for some alkyl-NO, vinyl NO, and acetylene NO compounds and radicals and some new and some revised group values are estimated for estimating ΔfH°298 of derivatives of hydroxyl amines, imines, and isoxazolines. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A sonic well log of the basement complex of the Walvis Ridge

A sonic well log was obtained within the basement complex of the Walvis Ridge during Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 74. The top of the basement complex is characterized by smooth acoustic reflectors. The rocks recovered within the basement complex consist of basalts with intercalated sediments. According to the log ∼-50% of the upper 75 m of basement are igneous rocks and the other 50% sedimentary. Sonobuoy results indicate that the ratio of sediments to basalt increases with depth for an additional 225 m until a typical oceanic velocity structure is observed. Paleontological results suggest that the processes forming this upper 300 m of the basement complex was accomplished within a short time interval.
Postoperative adhesiolysis therapy for intrauterine adhesions (Asherman's syndrome).

Objective To evaluate postoperative blunt adhesiolysis after sharp adhesiolysis for the treatment of intrauterine adhesions. Design Retrospective analysis of 24 patients treated with primary hysteroscopic adhesiolysis followed by hormone therapy and serial flexible office hysteroscopy (Canadian Task Force Classification II-3). Setting University-affiliated community hospital. Patient(s) Twenty-four women with menstrual disorders, pain, or infertility resulting from intrauterine adhesions. Intervention(s) Serial, postoperative, hysteroscopic blunt adhesiolysis of recurrent synechiae. Main Outcome Measure(s) Restoration of normal menstrual pattern, relief of dysmenorrhea, improvement in fertility, and improvement in stage of disease. Result(s) Eighty-three percent of patients (20/24) presented with amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea, 67% (16/24) had either infertility or recurrent miscarriages, and 54% (13/24) presented with dysmenorrhea. Initially, 50% (12/24) had severe adhesions, 46% (11/24) moderate, and 4% (1/24) minimal disease according to the March criteria. Improvement in menstrual flow occurred in 95% (18/19) of patients, relief of dysmenorrhea occurred in 92% (12/13), and 46% (7/15) of fertility patients were actively pregnant or had delivered viable infants at the conclusion of the study. There was a 92% (22/24) improvement in disease staging over the treatment interval. Conclusion(s) Blunt adhesiolysis with a flexible hysteroscope is effective for maintenance of cavity patency after primary treatment of intrauterine adhesions.
Solving Problems of Practice in Education A Prescriptive Model for the Use of Scientific Information

The authors identify and discuss the many complexities involved in the translation of scientific information in the social sciences into forms usable for solving problems of practice in education. As a means of appropriately handling these complexities and the issues that arise, they prescribe a series of stages to be followed from the advent of a practitioner's situational problem to the design of a response to it. They assert that unless the process of translation is conducted with the prescribed level of understanding, appreciation, and rigor, the application of knowledge will be inaccurate.
The Relationship of Sex to Occupational Prestige

This study asked the question, Does the prestige of an occupation vary with the sex of the worker? For example, do male and female vocational counselors have the same occupational prestige? An equisection scaling procedure was used to develop an instrument to measure occupational prestige. When this instrument was administered to a sample of graduate students in guidance, some significant results were found but none of them held up on cross-validation. Neither was the differential allocation of prestige a function of the sex of the judge nor the form of the instrument
Scientific method: Statistical errors

P values, the 'gold standard' of statistical validity, are not as reliable as many scientists assume.
Metaphors of Diversity, Intergroup Relations, and Equity in the Discourse of Educational Leaders.

Building on the idea that "discourse does ideological work" (Wodak, 1996), this article examines how school leaders use metaphors that convey as well as construct concepts of diversity, intergroup relations, and equity. The author draws on data from interviews with school leaders in the United States who were focusing on improving race relations in their schools. An analysis of metaphors in these interviews reveals differing ideologies of equity and intergroup relations. Based on this analysis, the author suggests that professional development programs for school leaders ought to include a critical approach to language to enhance leaders' awareness of the way discourse creates and reinforces ideologies, and to enable them to use language strategically to support equity-based reforms.
Mutagenicity of nitric oxide and its inhibition by antioxidants.

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is produced both by macrophages in vivo as a physiological response to infection and by a variety of cell types as an intercellular messenger. In addition, NO and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are significant components of many combustion processes. The ubiquitous exposure of humans to nitrogen oxides (NOx), both endogenously and exogenously, may play a significant role in the carcinogenic process due to nitrosation of amines by NOx. We report here that exposure to low concentrations of NO, alone or in combination with NO2, results in significantly enhanced mutation in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 using a modified Ames Salmonella reversion assay. The observed mutagenicity requires that the bacteria be actively dividing at the time of exposure to NO or NO2, suggesting that the nitrogen oxides, or their reaction products, function as direct-acting mutagens and that the induced lesion is easily repairable by non-dividing cells. Exposure to NO resulted in a time- and dose-dependent increase in the number of revertants approximately proportional to the square of the NO concentration from 0 to 20 ppm. NO was a more effective mutagen relative to NO2, however, the observed requirement for 02 suggests limited oxidation of NO (presumably to NO2) is necessary. Numerous lipid- and aqueous-phase inhibitors of nitrosation, as well as a number of other general antioxidants and free-radical trapping agents, were examined for their effectiveness in blocking the mutagenic effects of NO. The mutagenic activity of NO was most effectively inhibited by β-carotene and tocopherols. BHT, dimethyl sulfoxide and mannitol also blocked the mutagenic effects of NOx but appeared less effective than β-carotene or vitamin E, while ascorbate was ineffective as an inhibitor of mutation resulting from NO exposure.
The anomalous thermal properties of glasses at low temperatures

While experimentally there is great regularity below 1 deg K in the behavior of a particular thermal property for all amorphous dielectrics it is not understood why these properties should differ from those of crystalline dielectrics, since it would seem that at low temperatures long-wavelength elastic waves, similar in both cases, would determine the thermal properties. A model involving systems having very few levels is used in the present study, although the relation between the model's systems and the nature of the glassy state is not known. It is shown, among other effects, that: specific heat measurements above 0.1 K indicate a distribution of local modes independent of energy; ultrasonic velocity measurements give information about phonon-local mode coupling parameters; and thermal expansion and far infrared experiments indicate a phonon-assisted tunneling model.
WE-E-E-611-01: Introduction — Goals

Purpose: To introduce the purpose and topics of the Continuing Education Symposium “Teaching of Physics to Radiology Residents” Method and Materials: The Symposium consists of discussions of A) What physics instruction is attempting to accomplish; B) Where we are now in this endeavor. C) How Physics teaching can be improved; D) How can we measure our success and E) to provide a list of resources and aids physics teaching. The discussions will be based on the premise that the purpose of every teaching program is to provide the Radiology resident with a solid physics foundation both to understand and utilize the technology in practice 25 years from now, and to pass the ABR examination. A look at current and previous physics teaching practices and results will put today's discussions in perspective. Like it or not, most residents will take the ABR examination in their first year. There is a fundamental core base of knowledge including signal to noise effects on images, biologic effects of radiation, sources of artifacts which must be included in any physics curriculum. Questions regarding the depth and breadth of the physics curriculum will be reexamined. The use of computer and web based instruction will be discussed. Results: The results of this symposium are designed to assist current instructors of physics to be aware of changes in the expectations of our customers Conclusion: There are many challenges and opportunities facing today's physics instructors. The teaching of Radiology Residents may be improved through a review of what is being taught both in breadth and depth of material and the use of web based resources.
Seasonality of the Urban Heat Island Effect in Madison, Wisconsin

AbstractSpatial and temporal variation in the urban heat island (UHI) effect from March 2012 through October 2013 was characterized using continuous temperature measurements from an array of up to 151 fixed sensors in and around Madison, Wisconsin, an urban area of population 407 000 surrounded by lakes and a rural landscape of agriculture, forests, wetlands, and grasslands. Spatially, the density of the built environment was the primary driver of temperature patterns, with local modifying effects of lake proximity and topographic relief. Temporally, wind speed, cloud cover, relative humidity, soil moisture, and snow all influenced UHI intensity, although the magnitude and significance of their effects varied by season and time of day. Seasonally, UHI intensities tended to be higher during the warmer summer months and lower during the colder months. Seasonal trends in monthly average wind speed and cloud cover tracked annual trends in UHI intensity, with clearer, calmer conditions that are conducive to th...
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NEW COMPOUND EuBa4Cu3O8.5+δ

Abstract A new compound, EuBa 4 Cu 3 O 8.5+ δ (Eu143) was synthesized from precursors Eu 2 O 3 , BaO 2 and CuO at 1000°C in an oxygen atmosphere. The oxygen stoichiometric value δ was found to be 0.83 by iodometric titration. Rietveld refinement of X-ray powder diffraction data showed that the P23 space group yielded a better fit than the Pm3 space group. Pm3 has been found to give a satisfactory fit to X-ray and neutron diffraction data of other 143 compounds. An isotropic temperature factor for the O3 and O4 sites was also refined. Our refinement showed that Eu143 has a cubic unit cell with a lattice parameter of 8.1677±0.000 04 A. SQUID measurement indicated that this new compound was not superconductive down to 4 K.
Early Intervention for Young Children with ADHD: Academic Outcomes for Responders to Behavioral Treatment

Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) generally emerge in early childhood, and research has demonstrated that early intervention can effectively reduce those symptoms. Little attention, however, has addressed pre-academic skills in spite of data indicating older students with ADHD are at high risk for academic failure. In the current study, we examined whether behavioral response to psychosocial intervention was associated with improvement in early reading and math skills 12 and 24 months post-intervention. Participants were 41 children, 3–6 years old who received a comprehensive early intervention package across 6 months. Some differences in pre-academic skill performance between behavioral responders and non-responders (based on changes in oppositional behavior) were observed at 12 months; however, few differences maintained after 24 months. Behavioral responders (based on changes in ADHD behavior) showed improvements on only one measure (early numeracy). The findings underscore the need for specific pre-academic skill interventions in the context of ongoing behavioral interventions.
Difference thresholds for intermittent photic stimuli as a function of rate of flash, number of flashes, and presentation time.

Data were obtained on the difference threshold function for intermittent photic stimuli with the method of single stimuli. Combinations of rate of presentation (F), number of flashes in a train (N), and duration of a train (T) were selected to permit plotting difference thresholds as a function of all possible combinations of F, N, and T.The major findings of this study were as follows: (1)The number of flashes in a train has a negligible effect upon the difference threshold either in terms of ΔP or ΔF. Values of N ranged from 5 to 40 flashes.(2)The duration of a train has a negligible effect upon the difference threshold either in terms of ΔP or ΔF. Values of T ranged from 12 to 4 sec.(3)The difference threshold function for intermittent photic stimuli obtained with the method of single stimuli is comparable in form to the function obtained with the method of adjustment.(4)Expressing difference thresholds in terms of a period measure points up the similarity between the difference threshold functions obtained with intermittent photic and electric stimuli.
Comparison of human exposure to dioxin from municipal waste incineration and background environmental contamination

Abstract This paper characterizes the pathways and extent of human exposure to dioxin. The long-term, average daily intake of dioxin is estimated to be 0.05 ng/day. Results show that the food chain is the major source of human exposure to dioxin, while municipal waste incineration is not a principal source of human exposure.
Plasmon emission in appearance potential spectroscopy

Abstract The creation of a core excitation in a solid by a fast electron is considered. A diagramatic perturbation theory is presented which treats initial and final state interactions with the conduction electrons on an equal footing. It is found that initial state interactions can significantly affect the plasmon satellites of the primary excitation.
The Experimental Determination of a Condition Indicator for Condition Based Maintenance

The objective of this paper is to present the investigation of a condition indicator to be used for a bearing. Reliability centered maintenance is implemented from the findings of reliability failure analysis. Reliability centered maintenance is implemented through either condition based maintenance or time-directed maintenance. Reliability failure analysis is performed through the inspection of a failed component either from failures in the system in use or from controlled laboratory experiments. This paper details the design and set up of a mechanical test bed used to demonstrate reliability failure analysis for the determination of condition based maintenance. The test bed consists of an electric motor driving a loaded shaft with a bearing as the test article. The load on the shaft is supplied by a screw jack and monitored by a load cell. A two factor, two level experiment with three replications is run. The two factors are load and rpm. The test is run above and below the load ratings for the bearing at high and low rpm. Each of the tests was run for twenty four hours or until bearing failure. The temperature and vibration of the test bearing was monitored throughout the duration of each test, and the bearings are characterized for wear at the completion of the test. A failure model with hazard function is presented and evaluated.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Interferon-α2b with protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy in patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma: An AIDS malignancy consortium phase I trial

We evaluated the safety and maximum tolerated dose of interferon (IFN)-alpha2b in combination with protease inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in a phase 1 study in 14 patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Planned IFN dose levels were 0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 million IU administered by daily subcutaneous injection. Dose-limiting toxicities were neutropenia and malaise. The maximum tolerated IFN dose was 5 million IU/d. The median CD4 count increased from 260 cells/muL at baseline to a maximum on-study value of 359 cells/muL. In 6 patients with paired baseline and on-study values, the median HIV RNA level decreased from 20,179 copies/mL to a minimum on-study value of 309 copies/mL. Of 13 patients whose KS response could be evaluated, 5 showed objective tumor regression. Responses occurred in HAART-experienced and HAART-naive subjects. Five patients, including 2 responders, 2 with stable KS, and 1 with progression, had serial measurements of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) load. None of these patients, irrespective of treatment arm or KS response, showed durable clearance of KSHV from plasma or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This study establishes a safe dose of IFN that can be used with HAART and, potentially, with other inhibitors of KS in future clinical trials.
Stereotype Threat Undermines Academic Learning

Two experiments tested whether stereotype threat can undermine the acquisition of academic knowledge and thus harm performance even in nonthreatening settings. In Experiment 1, Black and White students studied rare words in either nonthreatening or threatening conditions. One to two weeks later, participants recalled word definitions, half in a nonthreatening "warm-up" and half in a threatening "test." Replicating past research, Black students performed worse on the test than on the warm-up. But importantly, Black students who had studied in the threatening rather than nonthreatening environment performed worse even on the warm-up. White students were unaffected. In Experiment 2, a value affirmation eliminated the learning-threat effect and provided evidence of psychological process. The results suggest that stereotype threat causes a form of "double jeopardy" whereby threat can undermine both learning and performance. The discussion addresses implications for the interpretation of group differences and for understanding how brief threat-reducing interventions can produce long-lasting benefits.
Notes on the three-particle distribution function of an extended uniform system☆

Abstract Several approximate forms of the three-particle distribution function p(3)(1,2,3) (Kirkwood superposition pK, convolution pc, Abe pA) are studied in relation to the accuracy with which they fulfill the sequential relation connecting two- and three-particle distribution functions. In a generalized Abe form, four conditions are imposed on six parameters by the sequential relation. In the uniform limit the radial distribution function g(r) differs little from its asymptotic value. The parameter α = g(o) − 1 can then be used as an ordering parameter in cluster expansions which represent physical quantities as functionals in the radial distribution function. The Abe-type correction factor to pK is determined by a cluster expansion procedure through terms of order α3. The corresponding error term in the sequential relation is also of order α3. Two rules are stated which eliminate infinite classes of diagrams from a diagrammatic representation of the correction factor and, in a particular approximation (in conjunction with the sequential relation), determine three out of four parameters at the values fixed by the cluster-expansion procedure. In the uniform limit, the Abe form for p(3) and the BBGKY relation yield the hypernetted-chain connection between the two-particle correlation function u [Eq. (13)] and the radial distribution function g with an explicit correction term of order α3. The p(3) function for a pure state is subject to a dynamical consistency condition. The condition is developed in both coordinate and momentum spaces and partially evaluated for both pK and pc using g(r) computed from the observed liquid structure function of liquid 4He. In configuration space the condition singles out certain straight line and equilateral triangular configurations for which pK is apparently most seriously inadequate. An Appendix exhibits a four-point distribution function pc(1,2,3,4) which generates pc(1,2,3) in the sequential relation connecting p(4) and p(3). A second Appendix discusses the application of the hnc connection between g(r) and u(r) to compute the ground state energy of a boson system in the uniform limit.
Crosslinked poly(ethylene oxide) fouling resistant coating materials for oil/water separation

Abstract Potential fouling reducing coating materials were synthesized via free-radical photopolymerization of aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). Crosslinked PEGDA (XLPEGDA) exhibited high water permeability and good fouling resistance to oil/water mixtures. Water permeability increased strongly with increasing the water content in the prepolymerization water mixture, going from 10 to 150 L μm/(m2 h bar) as prepolymerization water content increased from 60 to 80 wt.%. However, molecular weight cutoff decreased as water content increased. These materials were applied to polysulfone (PSF) UF membranes to form coatings on the surface of the PSF membranes. Oil/water crossflow filtration experiments showed that the coated PSF membranes had water flux values 400% higher than that of an uncoated PSF membrane after 24 h of operation, and the coated membranes had higher organic rejection than the uncoated membranes.
An Epidemic Model for Biological Data Fusion in Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Bio terrorism can be a very refined and a catastrophic approach of attacking a nation. This requires the development of a complete architecture dedicatedly designed for this purpose which includes but is not limited to Sensing/Detection, Tracking and Fusion, Communication, and others. In this paper we focus on one such architecture and evaluate its performance. Various sensors for this specific purpose have been studied. The accent has been on use of Distributed systems such as ad-hoc networks and on application of epidemic data fusion algorithms to better manage the bio threat data. The emphasis has been on understanding the performance characteristics of these algorithms under diversified real time scenarios which are implemented through extensive JAVA based simulations. Through comparative studies on communication and fusion the performance of channel filter algorithm for the purpose of biological sensor data fusion are validated.
‘1992’: Its impact on US trade: a VAR approach

European economic integration is a landmark event of the last decade of this century. Its impact on the international scene in general, and on international trade in particular will be substantial. Doubtss about Europe’s intention to continue towards full monetary and political integration, as envisaged in the Maastricht treaty, should not obscure achievements of the Community to this date. While the impact of integration on output and prices of EC members has been the subject of a number of reports, there has been little in the way of estimating the effects of integration on bilateral trade with the United States. To fill this gap in the literature, we specify and estimate a number of vector autoregression (VAR) models of bilateral trade for the USA with a select number of EC members. After testing the outside sample forecasting ability of our models, we forecast trade flows between the USA and four ECc countries: France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingtom. The forecasts are made once assuming no chan...
Shallow water science and ocean drilling face challenges

The creation of a new ocean drilling program in 2003 presents a great opportunity to fill a large void in our understanding of shallow ocean dynamics. Shallow water science can revolutionize the way geoscientists think about how the Earth system operates. Drill cores from on land and the deep sea provide a wealth of information about how the Earth operates. Unfortunately, few long cores—those that are tens to hundreds of meters—have been gathered for scientific purposes in water depths of 0–100 m along the world's carbonate platforms and continental shelves. These regions encompass the range of Pleistocene sea level variations where samples yield critical links between terrestrial and marine environments. These links cannot be determined by any other means.
A Policy Model for Climate Change in California

Abstract California's ‘Scoping Plan’ to reduce greenhouse gas emissions relies on vehicle emissions standards, low carbon fuels, and renewable electricity, as well as a regional cap-and-trade system and other market-based instruments. The process has been guided by a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, the Environmental Dynamic Revenue Analysis Model (E-DRAM). The model shows that the Scoping Plan measures will result in net benefits for the state economy, measured in gross state product (industrial output), employment, and personal income. Most of the benefits result from reduced energy costs. Despite aggregate net benefits, individual industrial sectors gain or lose differentially.
Time-resolved X-ray diffraction by synchrotron radiation: The thermal decomposition of Cd((OH)2) powders

Abstract The application of time-resolved X-ray diffraction by synchrotron radiation to thermal decomposition of Cd(OH) 2 is reported. In this demonstrative and preliminary work, we follow the reaction by measuring the (100) reflection of Cd(OH) 2 and the (111) reflection of CdO as a function of time. The results are consistent with the reported martinsitic nature for the formation of the oxide. The Cd(OH) 2 (100) reflection undergoes narrowing that is not consistent with a diffraction domain size effect alone.
Damage‐Enhanced Creep in a Siliconized Silicon Carbide: Mechanics of Deformation

Continuum mechanics methods were employed to analyze creep deformation of a grade of siliconized silicon carbide at elevated temperatures. Three loading modes (tension, compression, and bending) are considered in this analysis. In tension, deformation is accompanied by cavitation at stresses in excess of a temperature-dependent threshold level, resulting in bilinear power-law creep. In compression, greater applied stresses are required to achieve the same rate of strain, and although bilinear creep behavior is also observed, a single power-law creep equation was assumed to simplify the mathematical analysis of the flexure problem. Asymmetrical creep in siliconized silicon carbide leads to a number of unique features in flexural creep. At steady state, a threshold bending moment exists below which no damage occurs. The neutral axis shifts from the geometric center toward the compressive side of the specimen by an amount that depends on the level of applied stress. Cavitation zone shapes, which are predicted to develop in a four-point bend specimen as a function of load, are found to be in qualitative agreement with those obtained experimentally. For transient creep under bending, the time-dependent neutral axes for stress and strain do not coincide, although they do converge toward a single axis at steady state. Quantitative predictions are given for relaxation of tensile stresses at the outer fiber, reverse loading in the midplane region, and the growth of the damage zone toward the compressive side of the flexural specimen. This load redistribution leads to a prolonged transient stage as compared to its counterpart in uniaxial creep.
Stability of a Semi-Active Impact Damper: Part I—Global Behavior

A study is made of the general behavior of a semi-active impact damper. The system consists of an undamped forced torsional oscillator, and a flywheel which can be locked to the oscillator through a clutch. The impact which results during clutch engagement is effective in reducing the vibration amplitude level of the oscillator when it is subjected to bounded excitation
Vision and olfaction say UNC-le to G proteins.

Guided by novel structural insights, a study now demonstrates that UNC119 is a lipid-binding protein essential for proper trafficking of G-protein a subunits in mammalian photoreceptors and Caenorhabditis elegans sensory neurons.
Tissue population configuration as a modifier of organ dose response

Abstract Organ tissue populations exist in different spatial configurations. There are the idealized "volume" configuration (bone marrow), the "monolayer" (skin basal cell or large vessel endothelial populations), the "linear"(microvascular endothelial populations) and the "isolated unit" (capillaries, intestinal crypt). This defines the size of the irradiated population (N o ) and influences the absolute number of cells (N) that survive per unit of tissue dimension to permit repopulation. A proliferative cell that survives irradiation replaces cells lost from distant locations according to its spatial dimension. However, in the isolated unit configuration, a proliferative cell can replace those cells lost from the unit, but an anatomical barrier prevents cell replacement extending to adjacent units. Recovery of a tissue following irradiation depends not only on the number of surviving proliferative cells, but also on the organization of those cells into sub-populations. A regenerative unit is a subpopulation capable of being regenerated from the survival of a single cell. A tissue "functional unit" is a subcomponent of the tissue which contributes independently to overall tissue function, and whose loss results in an irreversible incremental loss of function. Survival of the functional unit depends critically on the degree of interdependence among component regenerative units, and such interdependence is strongly influenced by the tissue's spatial organization. Using these concepts, a mathematical formulation expresses a tissue's functional response to irradiation in terms of cell survival parameters, the spatially-related parameters of regenerative unit size, and the number of interdependent regenerative units comprising a functional unit. It is argued that this provides a more realistic approach toward simulating the radiation response of an organ than one based on tissue bulk cell survival parameters alone.
Comparative Analysis and Measurement of Organizational Goals: The Case of Correctional Institutions for Delinquents

(1963). Comparative Analysis and Measurement of Organizational Goals: The Case of Correctional Institutions for Delinquents. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 206-230.
Bariatric surgery in a patient with complete MC4R deficiency

Bariatric surgery is often successful for treatment of severe obesity. The mechanisms of weight loss after bariatric surgery and the role of central energy homeostatic pathways in this weight loss process are not well understood. The study of individuals with complete loss of function of genes important in the leptin-melanocortin system may help establish the significance of these pathways for weight loss after bariatric surgery. We describe the outcome of bariatric surgery in an adolescent with compound heterozygosity and complete functional loss of both alleles of the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R). The patient underwent laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and truncal vagotomy at years of age, which resulted in initial, but not long-term weight loss. Our experience with this patient suggests that complete MC4R deficiency impairs response to gastric banding and results in poor weight loss after this surgery.
Organizational and Institutional Aspects of Community: Some Conceptual Perspectives

The thesis of the paper is that there is a need for social science researchers and community development practitioners to focus on the fundamental problem of the loss of a sense of community in American life (we define sense of community as the existence of shared meaning and trust among individuals). We see the problems of environmental quality, provision of public services and concerns about other factors considered to be in the rubric of quality of life as symptomatic of this fundamental breakdown in community. The erosion of community is being accompanied by increasing attempts to maintain or strengthen organizational/institutional structures. We see these attempts as furthering destruction of community.
Mycotoxins in feedstuffs and their effect on dairy cattle.

Abstract This paper is a review of mycotoxins reported in feedstuffs and their possible effect on dairy cattle and other types of livestock. Toxins of the Aspergilli discussed were the aflatoxins, ochratoxins, patulin and sterigmatocystin. Toxins of the Fusaria included zearalenone, acetamido lactone, tricothecenes and the toxin from F. Solani . Those from the Penicillia were rubratoxins, patulin, citrinin, and the tremorgenic toxins. Other mycotoxins also mentioned were slaframine, sporidesmins, ergots and those from Stachybotrys atra . Emphasis was given to reporting methods of analysis along with a summary of physiological actions of these mycotoxins. Particular attention was given to the excretion and detection of aflatoxin M from cattle and sheep. It is pointed out that the extent of livestock production or death losses from mycotoxin contamination of feeds is not known.
Chemical and Valence Structure Analysis of Functional Materials

Chemical microanalysis is an important aspect of structural characterization. In functional materials, nonstoichiometry plays a key role in determining their properties. A change in oxygen stoichiometry or a substitution of cations by dopants, for example, may result in a structural evolution. More importantly, the structure transformation may occur in a small region, where only the analytical techniques with high spatial resolution can be used to determine the local structure. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in TEM have been demonstrated as powerful techniques for performing microanalysis and studying the electronic structure of materials. The analysis of energy loss near edges allows the determination of valence states of atoms, which is unique for studying functional materials with mixed valences.
Speciation of parts per billion of metal ions using silica and C18-bonded silica columns and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract It is demonstrated that silica gel columns will quantitatively adsorb free Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions at pH > 8. These are eluted with 0.1 M HNO3 but not with methanol. Negatively charged EDTA chelates are not adsorbed. Neutral APDC chelates are partially adsorbed on silica columns, but are quantitatively adsorbed on C18-bonded columns, and are eluted with methanol. The metal ions are partially adsorbed on C18-bonded columns, due to residual silanol groups. A microcolumn (1 mm i.d., 5 cm length) manifold system is described for automatic delivery of eluant (0.12 ml) to a heated atomic absorption graphite atomizer, using either methanol or 0.1 M HNO3 in methanol eluant, allowing speciation and measurement of parts per billion of metals. These studies demonstrate that by using a mixed column or sequential columns of silica gel and C18-bonded silica, cationic and neutral metal species could be adsorbed, followed by sequential elution and measurement using methanol and then 0.1 M HNO. Negatively charged spec...
A fast DCT (Feig's algorithm) implementation and application in MPEG1 video compression

We implement a two-dimensional 8/spl times/8 fast discrete cosine transform and its inverse by the Feig's algorithm which is recognized the fastest method so far and this algorithm potentially has very wide applications. All the equations are derived in detail. The verification and evaluation are proved by computer simulation. The result of real application in MPEG1 is also presented.
Protecting location privacy through Identity Diffusion

With the proliferation of new online services and wireless personal devices, location-based services and applications for mobile users are widespread in use today. But the privacy of these users exposes to others increasingly in accessing those location based services. Exposure of the location information may result in privacy threat by malicious servers and hackers. In this paper, we propose a new framework that mobile users can enjoy conveniently the services provided by location-based server (LBS), and also protect their location information. This framework prevents mobile users' location information from exposing in two ways: providing the server with fake identities; two different ways of diffusing a number of fake queries with the real query hidden when and where it was issued.
Online Boys: Male-for-Male Internet Escorts

Abstract The Internet has impacted social life in many ways, including providing a new means for prostitutes and customers to find each other. While male-for-male prostitution has existed for thousands of years, male Internet prostitution is a relatively new phenomenon. An analysis of 1,262 advertisements placed on a large, national (United States), Internet escort site is used to provide a description of the men involved in this form of prostitution and the advertisements used to sell their services. This study provides a descriptive, exploratory analysis of male escorts who advertise their services on the Internet and compares this data with the extant literature on male prostitution. In addition, this paper provides information not currently found in the literature on male prostitution: self-reported penis size, self-described sexual activities listed in Internet escort advertisements, and the extent of the use efface shots in advertisements.