cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marine Drugs Best Paper Award 2015

Marine Drugs began a “Best Paper Award” in 2013 [1,2] to recognize outstanding papers published in our journal in the area of research, development, and production of drugs from the sea, including marine natural product chemistry. We are pleased to announce the third annual “Marine Drugs Best Paper Award” for 2015. Nominations were selected by the Editor-in-Chief and Associate Editors of Marine Drugs from all papers published in 2011; reviews and articles being evaluated separately. The following five papers have won a “Best Paper Award”:[...]
Philosophy or auto-anthropology?

Timothy Williamson is mainly right, I think. He defends armchair philosophy as a variety of armchair science, like mathematics, or computer modeling in evolutionary theory, economics, statistics, and I agree that this is precisely what philosophy is, at its best: working out the assumptions and implications of any serious body of thought, helping everyone formulate the best questions to ask, and then leaving the empirical work to the other sciences. Philosophy-at its best-is to other inquiries roughly as theoretical physics is to experimental physics. You can do it in the armchair, but you need to know a lot about the phenomena with which the inquiry deals.
Mycoplasma infection suppresses p53, activates NF-kappaB and cooperates with oncogenic Ras in rodent fibroblast transformation

LB-162 Prokaryotes of the genus Mycoplasma are the smallest cellular organisms that persist as obligate extracellular parasites. Although mycoplasma infection is known to be associated with chromosomal instability and can promote malignant transformation, the mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain unknown. Since persistence of many cellular parasites requires suppression of apoptosis in host cells, we tested the effect of mycoplasma infection on the activity of the p53 and NF-κB pathways, major mechanisms controlling programmed cell death. To monitor the activity of p53 and NF-κB in mycoplasma-infected cells, we used a panel of reporter cell lines expressing the bacterial β-galactosidase gene under the control of p53- or NF-κB-responsive promoters. Cells incubated with media conditioned with different species of mycoplasma showed constitutive activation of NF-κB and reduced activation of p53, common characteristics of the majority of human tumor cells, with M. arginini having the strongest effect among the species tested. Moreover, mycoplasma infection reduced the expression level and inducibility of an endogenous p53-responsive gene, p21waf1, and inhibited apoptosis induced by genotoxic stress. Infection with M. arginini made rat and mouse embryo fibroblasts susceptible to transformation with oncogenic H-Ras, while mycoplasma-free cells underwent irreversible p53-dependent growth arrest. Mycoplasma-infection was as effective as shRNA-mediated knock-down of p53 expression in making rodent fibroblasts permissive to Ras-induced transformation. These observations indicate that mycoplasma infection plays the role of a p53-suppressing oncogene that cooperates with Ras in cell transformation and suggest that the carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of mycoplasma might be due to inhibition of p53 tumor suppressor function by this common human parasite.
The Impact of Anemia Treatment on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease in the Contemporary Era

The treatment of anemia with erythropoietic-stimulating agents is now part of the routine care of patients with CKD with guidelines for anemia management carefully outlined by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes. The treatment of anemia impacts the health-related quality of life of CKD patients, primarily affecting the domains of energy/vitality and physical functioning. Improvements in these domains occur, in general, most noticeably when hemoglobin levels are raised from below 9 g/dL to the 10-12 range, with limited improvements occurring when hemoglobin levels are increased above 12 g/dL. Importantly, individual patient responses to anemia treatment vary depending on a variety of factors and it is important to assess the impact of treatment on each patient, particularly as nephrology care moves to a patient-centered care model.
Evaluating the Student Learning Outcomes Assessment Process in Undergraduate Parks and Recreation Academic Programs.

Institutions of higher education are increasingly being held more accountable for assessing student learning both in and out of their classrooms along with reporting results to their stakeholders. ...
Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Methane Combustionthrough in Situ Water Sorption

Although palladium-based materials are efficient catalysts for methane combustion, H2O-poisoning remains a significant problem at low operating temperatures (<450 °C). It is a significant research ...
THE EGYPTIAN ARTICHOKE COMPETITIVENESS IN THE IMPORTANT WORLD MARKETS

the problem of this research is the lack of interest in nontraditional crops such as Egyptian artichoke, which has the advantage of productivity and competitiveness in the global market, especially in European markets, which are the largest importers of Egyptian markets for crops, the research aims to determine the status of the Egyptian production of artichoke on the global level, The export situation. and to identify competitive opportunities within the major import markets. as well as the study of foreign demand for Egyptian artichokes into the Italian market as the most important import markets .and estimating demand functions within the Italian market. Results of the model indicate that the amount of production of Italy from the artichokes the average export price of Egypt and the average export price of each of France and Spain, as they are the most competing states to Egypt within the Italian market, are the most important influencing factors on the amount of Egyptian artichoke exports within the Italian market, It was found that there is apositive relationship between the average export each from France, Spain and the amount of Egyptian exports price, where the Egyptian exports increase by 3.02%, 2.24% and an increase of the export price of France and Spain by 1%, respectively, during the period (2000- 2013). As it turns out the form and the presence of the inverse relationship between the production of Italy of the artichoke andartichoke exports within the Italian market, where low lead production Italy from artichokes, lower average export price of Egypt by 1% increase the amount of Egyptian exports by 0.79%, 0.99% respectively during the same period . The value of the coefficient of determination was about 0.50, which means that about 50% of the variation in the demand for Egyptian artichoke within the Italian market is due to of these variables. The study recommended the following: 1. The need to focus on the development of exports of non-traditional crops such as artichokes. So take advantage of the productivity benefits to Egypt next to take advantage of price differences and advantages granted to the export of duty-free and quota without restrictions. 2. Put the private production for export policy and not export surplus production. 3. The need to focus on the items required is the import markets. 4. open new markets for Egyptian exports of artichoke to avoid the problems of the export focus, as well as take advantage of the increased production volume. the average export price of Egypt, between the amount of Egyptian
Epigenetic states in the human placenta: A singular epigenome for an exceptional tissue.

The placenta is a dynamic, short-lived organ, and many features of its epigenome are unique among human tissues. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Zhang et al. define new aspects of epigenetic regulation in normal and disease-associated placental cells and relate them to the specialized biological requirements of this organ.
Hospital safety-net burden is associated with increased inpatient mortality after elective total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective multistate review, 2007–2018

Background Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is among the most common surgical procedures performed in the USA and comprises an outsized proportion of Medicare expenditures. Previous work-associated higher safety-net burden hospitals with increased morbidity and in-hospital mortality following total hip arthroplasty. Here, we examine the association of safety-net burden on postoperative outcomes after TKA. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 1 141 587 patients aged ≥18 years undergoing isolated elective TKA using data from the State Inpatient Databases for Florida, Kentucky, Maryland, New York and Washington from 2007 through 2018. Hospitals were grouped into tertiles by safety-net burden status, defined by the proportion of inpatient cases billed to Medicaid or unpaid (low: 0%–16.83%, medium: 16.84%–30.45%, high: ≥30.45%). Using generalized estimating equation models, we assessed the association of hospital safety-net burden status on in-hospital mortality, patient complications and length of stay (LOS). We also analyzed outcomes by anesthesia type in New York State (NYS), the only state with this data. Results Most TKA procedures were performed at medium safety-net burden hospitals (n=6 16 915, 54%), while high-burden hospitals performed the fewest (n=2 04 784, 17.9%). Overall in-patient mortality was low (0.056%), however, patients undergoing TKA at medium-burden hospitals were 40% more likely to die when compared with patients at low-burden hospitals (low: 0.043% vs medium: 0.061%, adjusted OR (aOR): 1.40, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.79, p=0.008). Patients who underwent TKA at medium or high safety-net burden hospitals were more likely to experience intraoperative complications (low: 0.2% vs medium: 0.3%, aOR: 1.94, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.83, p Conclusions Patients undergoing TKA at higher safety-net burden hospitals are associated with higher odds of in-patient mortality than those at low safety-net burden hospitals. The source of this mortality differential is unknown but could be related to the increased risk of intraoperative complications at higher burden centers.
A Model Oncologic Emergency Medicine Curriculum for Residency Training

Abstract Background Emergency medicine (EM) resident training in oncologic emergencies is limited, and significant gaps have been identified. Although 90% of emergency medicine residency program directors recognize the importance of residency training in oncologic emergencies, there is no standardized oncologic emergency curriculum. Objective We propose a focused oncologic EM curriculum that serves as a complement to existing EM didactics curriculums to prepare EM residents to recognize and manage the most common oncologic emergencies. It will also allow for familiarization with constantly evolving therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor cellular therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.Discussion This curriculum consists of 10 hours of didactic instruction, which can be incorporated into an already existing didactic curriculum. The curriculum encompasses education on the recognition, rapid diagnosis, and management of oncologic emergencies, with the goal of improving the EM resident's understanding of cancer complications. The suggested topics can be delivered in a variety of methods, allowing for flexible integration in an already existing emergency education curriculum. The proposed curriculum should be introduced during the first postgraduate year and then in the second or third year of the residency to reinforce the learning points.Conclusions Our proposal of a focused, standardized 10 hour program curriculum aims to help to fill the gaps in knowledge of oncologic emergencies. To assist in wide dissemination and standardization of these curriculum topics, outlines for each module are given in the article and we also propose creation of open access online lectures and content to be shared for education purposes.
Sad, Sadder, Saddest: Recognition of Sad and Happy Emotional Intensity, Adverse Childhood Experiences and Depressive Symptoms in Preschoolers

Adverse childhood experiences (ACES) have repeatedly been associated with depression. The ability to differentiate emotional intensity is a protective factor for psychopathology and in the context of life stressors, poor negative emotion differentiation (ED) is associated with depressive symptoms. However, little is known about whether the ability to recognize negative emotional intensity, a theorized developmental prerequisite of ED, influences the relationship between ACES and depressive symptoms in early childhood. The current study examined the interactive effects of ACES, the ability to recognize emotional intensity and depressive symptoms in 249 preschoolers enriched for depression. Findings demonstrated that when experiencing ACES, sad (not happy) emotion recognition was associated with elevated depressive symptoms. Specifically, when facing multiple ACEs, preschoolers with poor and moderate ability to recognize sad emotional intensity exhibited elevated depressive symptoms. Findings demonstrate that when experiencing elevated ACES, sad emotion recognition may be a protective factor for depression in early childhood.
Barriers to seeking post-abortion care in Paktika Province, Afghanistan: a qualitative study of clients and community members.

Background Unsafe abortion is a leading cause of maternal mortality. In Afghanistan, which has experienced decades of armed conflict and where abortion is highly restricted, maternal mortality is high at 638 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Post-abortion care (PAC) is a lifesaving package of interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality related to induced or spontaneous abortion, but is rarely provided and often of poor quality, particularly in humanitarian settings. In July 2018, we conducted a study to identify the factors that influence access to and use of PAC services at Sharana Provincial Hospital. Methods In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with ten women who had received PAC services at Sharana Hospital, and eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 40 married women and 40 married men aged 18-45 from four villages surrounding Sharana Hospital. Results PAC clients and community participants discussed similar barriers to seeking PAC, including cost, distance to the health facility, the need for male accompaniment to seek care, perceived and actual quality of care, stigma and shame. Despite the mentioned stigma around abortion, community members expressed willingness to help women to receive PAC. Conclusions Our results suggest that while some barriers are not unique to PAC, others, especially those related to stigma around abortion, may be specific to PAC. It is important for the Ministry of Public Health and its partners to prioritize addressing these barriers to ensure that women have access to this critical life-saving care.
A Business Philosophy

Running like a theme through these pages is the dilemma of the Negro business man who as a Negro disapproves of racial segregation but as a business man has a vested interest in segregation because it creates a convenient market for his goods and services. This dilemma has led to confusion in the thinking of business people on the importance of race as an aggravating factor in the problems of Negro business and has created conflicting opinions on the broad objectives of Negro business. Among other things it has led to proposals that Negroes should establish a separate and self-sufficient Negro economy. But Negro business cannot, with advantage to itself and to the Negro race, operate as an economic shut-in, because “to adopt economic segregation as a means of solving the economic problems of Negroes bears on its very face g the stamp of futility.”1 Neither can Negro business operate as an economic chameleon, now separate, then semi-separate, and again integrated. The conflicting objectives of such a role can but lead to greater confusion in the mind of the already perplexed Negro business man. Thus the Negro business man, as he faces the future, must decide upon the role that Negro business is to play in the general American economy.
Mitochondrial cardiolipin in diverse eukaryotes. Comparison of biosynthetic reactions and molecular acyl species.

Cardiolipin, a unique dimeric phospholipid of bacteria and mitochondria, can be synthesized by two alternative pathways discovered in rat and Escherichia coli, respectively. In mitochondrial preparations from fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa), higher plants (Phaseolus aureus), molluscs (Mytilus edulis) and mammals (rat liver, bovine adrenal gland), cardiolipin was synthesized from CDP-diacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, suggesting a common eukaryotic mechanism of cardiolipin formation which is in contrast to the prokaryotic biosynthesis from two molecules of phosphatidylglycerol. All mitochondrial cardiolipin synthases were inhibited by lysophosphatidylglycerol, were insensitive to N-ethylmaleimide and required divalent cations, although they had different cation specificities. The molecular species of cardiolipin from rat liver, bovine heart, S. cerevisiae and N. crassa were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography of the derivative 1,3-bis[3'-sn-phosphatidyl]-2-benzoyl-sn-glycerol dimethyl ester. Cardiolipins from these organisms contained mainly monounsaturated or diunsaturated chains with 16 or 18 carbon atoms, resulting in a relatively homogeneous distribution of double bonds and carbon numbers among the four acyl positions. About half of the molecular species were symmetrical, i.e. they combined two identical diacylglycerol moieties. In N. crassa, the same species pattern was found at growth temperatures of 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Tentative molecular models were created for the most abundant molecular species and subjected to energy minimization. Geometric data, derived from these models, suggested similarities in the gross structure of the major cardiolipin species from different sources.
Computational framework for effective force testing and a compensation technique for nonlinear actuator dynamics

SUMMARY This paper presents a development of a computational framework for effective force testing (EFT). The framework is intended to facilitate accurate computational simulations of EFTs that allow for performance evaluation of experimental tests, stability assessment of force feedback controllers, and others. To properly capture critical issues in EFT such as control–structure interaction and oil-column resonance, the computational framework incorporates nonlinear dynamics of servo hydraulic actuators including power electronics of a converter, electromagnetics of a flapper nozzle, hydrodynamics of hydraulic fluid, and kinematics of an actuator piston. The computational framework is verified through comparative studies with three different effective force tests that were previously conducted at the Johns Hopkins University. The comparative studies demonstrate that the computational framework is able to accurately simulate experimental EFTs of an single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) linear elastic structure, an SDOF nonlinear inelastic structure, and an multi-degrees-of-freedom (MDOF) test structure. Using the developed computational framework, an investigation of nonlinear dynamics of servo hydraulic actuators is performed. Simulation results showed that the influence of the nonlinear actuator dynamics becomes significant as the level of force increases. A compensation technique that uses only force and valve command to reduce the effects of valve nonlinearities is developed and investigated using the computational framework. It was shown that the nonlinear valve dynamics compensation technique is effective at improving peak responses of force and reducing undesirable effects. The examples shown in this paper demonstrate that the computational framework facilitates further developments and applications of effective force test methods for seismic performance assessment of structural systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Design of Biofuel Additives for Optimization of Fuel Characteristics

Abstract Several technical problems, such as relatively poor low temperature flow properties and oxidative stability, have impaired the use and commercialization of biodiesel. In this work, the objective of this research is to design biodiesel additives that result in performance properties comparable to the petroleum derived fuel. To meet this end, chemometric techniques combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Principal Component Regression (PCR) are employed. IR characterization based molecular design using group contribution parameters is used to identify novel additives that enable matching of the desired fuel specifications in a latent property space.
Precaution in a Multi-Risk World

Heads up: the "Precautionary Principle" is coming to a law near you. It aspires to answer a timeless question: how should society in general, and regulatory authorities in particular, respond to uncertain risks? This chapter addresses the normative and positive implications of adopting the Precautionary Principle. Whereas many analyses have compared precautionary versus reactive regulatory strategies as applied to individual risks taken one at a time, this chapter examines precaution in a world of multiple risks. It distinguishes different versions of the Precautionary Principle, some of which are more sensible than others. It suggests that precaution against one risk may induce other countervailing risks, so that the ideal is a middle ground of "optimal precaution" rather than maximum precaution. It observes that real-world applications of the Precautionary Principle, in both the US and Europe, have often been sensitive to this reality and therefore have moderated the degree of precaution as the legal instrument gains more regulatory teeth and as the countervailing risks rise.
Dual-frequency acoustic droplet vaporization detection for medical imaging

Liquid-filled perfluorocarbon droplets emit a unique acoustic signature when vaporized into gas-filled microbubbles using ultrasound. Here, we conducted a pilot study in a tissue-mimicking flow phantom to explore the spatial aspects of droplet vaporization and investigate the effects of applied pressure and droplet concentration on image contrast and axial and lateral resolution. Control microbubble contrast agents were used for comparison. A confocal dual-frequency transducer was used to transmit at 8 MHz and passively receive at 1 MHz. Droplet signals were of significantly higher energy than microbubble signals. This resulted in improved signal separation and high contrast-to-tissue ratios (CTR). Specifically, with a peak negative pressure (PNP) of 450 kPa applied at the focus, the CTR of B-mode images was 18.3 dB for droplets and -0.4 for microbubbles. The lateral resolution was dictated by the size of the droplet activation area, with lower pressures resulting in smaller activation areas and improved lateral resolution (0.67 mm at 450 kPa). The axial resolution in droplet images was dictated by the size of the initial droplet and was independent of the properties of the transmit pulse (3.86 mm at 450 kPa). In post-processing, time-domain averaging (TDA) improved droplet and microbubble signal separation at high pressures (640 kPa and 700 kPa). Taken together, these results indicate that it is possible to generate high-sensitivity, high-contrast images of vaporization events. In the future, this has the potential to be applied in combination with dropletmediated therapy to track treatment outcomes or as a standalone diagnostic system to monitor the physical properties of the surrounding environment.
Compulsive Sexual Behavior and its Relationship to Risky Sexual Behavior

The extant literature indicates a robust association between compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) and HIV sexual risk. Our research has found that CSB influences multiple measures of HIV sexual risk and that the association between CSB and HIV sexual risk behavior is consistent across multiple populations, including men who have sex with men and African-American women. Further, we have found that CSB can be characterized by disruptions of certain executive functions, impulsivity, and difficulties with emotional regulation. These factors are described within the context of HIV prevention and a model is proposed of how CSB leads to HIV sexual risk behavior.
Toward a Taxonomy Linking Game Attributes to Learning: An Empirical Study

The serious games community is moving toward research focusing on direct comparisons between learning outcomes of serious games and those of more traditional training methods. Such comparisons are difficult, however, due to the lack of a consistent taxonomy of game attributes for serious games. Without a clear understanding of what truly constitutes a game, scientific inquiry will continue to reveal inconsistent findings, making it hard to provide practitioners with guidance as to the most important attribute(s) for desired training outcomes. This article presents a game attribute taxonomy derived from a comprehensive literature review and subsequent card sorts performed by subject matter experts (SMEs). The categories of serious game attributes that emerged represent the shared mental models of game SMEs and serve to provide a comprehensive collection of game attributes. In order to guide future serious games research, the existing literature base is organized around the framework of this taxonomy.
Structural Design, Analysis, and Testing of an Expandable Lunar Habitat

ILC Dover, under contract by NASA Langley Research Center, and in cooperation with NASA Johnson Space Center is designing and manufacturing an expandable lunar habitat. This cylindrical habitat, or Engineering Development Unit (EDU), is a hybrid system with two hard end caps and a deployable softgoods section in the center. The softgood section packs into the endcaps and the unit roughly doubles in length upon deployment. The EDU is designed to demonstrate packing and deployment of an expandable habitat under expected loading conditions. Using a unique fabric lobe system, the structure is intended to be lighter in weight with a higher volume than a similar metal configuration. The restraint layer uses a webbing net construction with a coated fabric to carry the pressure loads up to 9 psi. Finite Element Analysis of the fabric lobe and webbing structure was performed to ensure that the structure will meet the desired safety limits. Analysis was also used to establish manufacturing tolerances during the fabrication process. Testing of the webbing seams and lobe under pressure further validated the design decisions. The next step in the evolution of the EDU is system testing, interior outfitting, and field operations.
Taking proactive steps to prevent violence

Utilizing the analogy of violence to a volcano, with its seething preconditions that ultimately lead to an eruption, this paper applies negotiated order theory to an analysis of violent outbreaks in 1992–93 in Los Angeles and numerous German cities but not in Chicago, New York, or Dresden. Such theoretical considerations as assumptions, perceptions, power relationships, social structure, communication, and interaction strategies emerge as pertinent considerations. Despite different cultures and histories, similar patterns in Germany and the United States are found, suggesting one possible means of proactive steps to prevent violence.
Comparative morphology of epicortical roots in Old and New World Loranthaceae with reference to root types, origin, patterns of longitudinal extension and potential for clonal growth

Abstract The large mistletoe family, Loranthaceae, contains 75 genera, three of which are terrestrial root parasites. The remaining 72 genera are aerial parasites. Four basic haustorial system types are found in aerial genera: epicortical roots (ERs), wood roses, clasping unions and bark strands. The focus of this report is on genera in which ERs are present. Presence of ERs is based on our worldwide collection of haustoria and from literature sources. Our collections include 78% of all aerial genera and 72% of genera with ERs. Collections were analyzed using comparative morphological methods. Of the 72 aerial genera 40 (56%) have ERs and 75% of these are Old World. ERs are the most common haustorial type for Loranthaceae on every major landmass except Africa. Three ER types are described, basal, cauline and adventitious. Basal and adventitious ERs occur in both the Old and New World, whereas cauline ERs are exclusively New World. Adventitious ERs form in a few species in response to injury or epiparasitism. Significant differences occur between basal and cauline ERs in the extent and pattern of elongation, frequency of lateral root formation, and production of haustoria and shoots. Three patterns of axis extension of ERs are recognized, the monochasial sympodium, dichasial sympodium and monopodium. Marked differences in patterns of axis elongation occur between the Old and New World genera analyzed. In Old World taxa 94% of lateral roots contributed to a monochasial sympodium, whereas in New World taxa 84% of root extension was monopodial. Two strategies of resource procurement occur in genera with ERs; the “phalanx” strategy is found in species with basal ERs only, the “guerilla” strategy in New World species with cauline ERs. Species with ERs have the potential for clonal growth through fragmentation of stems, ERs, or both, but the extent of clonal growth in nature is unknown. The large number and wide distribution of genera with ERs add support to the hypothesis that the presence of ERs is an ancestral trait for aerial Loranthaceae.
Die Variationen der Rechnungsgrundlagen in der Lebensversicherung, besonders im Hinblick auf Reserveberechnung und Technik erhöhter Risiken

In this paper the problem of the variation of the mathematical reserve in consequence of the variation of the interest rate and the underlying mortality is dealt with. In particular the substandard risks are taken into consideration.
Light cone commutator functions and truncated Fubini-Dasheb-Gell-Mann sum rules

Abstract Consequences of a proposed structure of light cone commutation functions are investigated. In the case of electroproduction, configuration space considerations are seen to discriminate between the different behaviors of the scaling function F 2 ( ω ) consistent with the present data. A method for obtaining sum rules of the Fubini-Dashen-Gell-Mann type is then suggested which, by subtracting off the leading Regge contributions, are kept meaningful even in the case of “bad” commutators.
Measured and Analytical Studies of Dynamic Ocean Water Pressure Against a Vertical Caisson During a Real Earthquake

The heavily instrumented full scale caisson (9 m high), constructed at the port of Kushiro (Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan) in 2001, was impacted by a major earthquake hitting the site in September 2003 (M = 7.5 with the maximum acceleration of 143.5 gals) where the dynamic water pressures from both backfill and seawater side were recorded. While comparing the recorded dynamic water pressure with Westergaad’s theoretical solution [1], noticeable discrepancy was observed between compression phases of applied dynamic pressure on wall whereas an excellent correspondence was noticed in dynamic suction. In this paper, the soil-seawater-caisson system has also been numerically modeled using Finite Element Technique. The recorded data in terms of applied ocean water pressure on wall is analyzed and compared with numerical results as well as Westergard solution. The results demonstrate that, the recorded dynamic ocean water pressure was rather close to Westergard’s solution in suction phase while in the compression phase the former is much higher. In addition, according to numerical results, dynamic ocean water pressure is over-predicted either in compression or suction phase, however, the level of over-perdition is higher in compression phase than suction phase. Furthermore, the effect of vertical component of earthquake is investigated. The results show that the addition of the vertical component of earthquake increases the compression dynamic pressure while the suction pressure is not affected.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The Use of Multiple Evaluation Approaches in Program Evaluation

The authors discuss the use of multiple evaluation approaches in conducting program evaluations. Specifically, they illustrate four evaluation approaches (theory-driven, consumer- based, empowerment, and inclusive evaluation) and briefly discuss a fifth (use-focused evaluation) as a side effect of the use of the others. The authors also address the usefulness of a multimethod research design with these approaches, especially in developing responsive evaluations (to both communities and organizations). Finally, the authors address some of the benefits and challenges of working with the four different evaluative approaches in a community program, and they discuss the value of using multiple approaches in the evaluation field.
STUDIES OF CANINE-LIVER AMYLASE.

Abstract Some properties of canine-liver amylase (α-1,4-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.1) were studied both in homogenates and in partially purified extracts of isolated washed liver cells and compared with the properties of amylase in pancreatic extracts prepared from the same animals. Canine-liver amylase appears to be almost entirely in solution. Extracellular amylase appears to be confined largely or entirely to plasma. Iodometric amylase determinations were found to be unreliable when applied to tissue homogenates or suspensions of subcellular particles, indicating the necessity of re-examining previous reports on tissue amylases which were based on iodometric assays. The temperature responsiveness (Q 10 ) of amylase in pancreatic extracts was noted to increase with the age of the preparation, possible representing the influence of a labile amylase inhibitor. Indirect evidence for the presence of an amylase inhibitor in dog serum was also noted. Preliminary observations suggest that there are no differences between pancreatic amylase and liver amylase on the basis of fluoride inhibition, temperature coefficients or pH-activity curves.
Teaching information systems security courses: A hands-on approach

It has become imperative for companies, governments, and organizations to understand how to guard against hackers, outsiders, and even disgruntled employees who threaten their information security, integrity and daily business operations. To address national needs for computer security education, many universities have incorporated computer and security courses into their undergraduate and graduate curricula. At the Miller College of Business, Department of Information Systems and Operations Management, Ball State University, we have introduced an information systems security option for students majoring in information systems. This paper describes our approach, our experiences and lessons learned for teaching security courses using a hands-on approach.
Fatal subclavian stent infection remote from implantation

We report the unusual case of a 66-year-old alcoholic male who presented with acute arm ischemia 4 months following ipsilateral subclavian artery stenting. The patient had a petechial rash and Janeway lesions in the distribution of the affected subclavian artery. He had been treated for an infected dialysis graft 10 days prior to entry into the hospital. Subsequent angiogram confirmed a patent stent with intraluminal filling defects and occlusion of the brachial artery. Thrombectomy yielded material that was consistent with septic emboli and CT scan of the chest was suggestive of a mycotic aneurysm around the stent. The subclavian stent was removed surgically and the aneurysm was repaired. Unfortunately, the patient had multiple comorbidities and died of complications during recovery. This is the first case of a subclavian stent infection following septicemia remote from implantation.
Nitrogen Fertilizer and Cultivar Effects on Yield and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency of Grain Amaranth

Knowledge of fertility requirements or nitrogen-use efficiency of amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) cultivars is limited. The objectives of this research were to determine the response of grain amaranth to applied N, P, and K, and to determine the effect of cultivar and fertilizer N on nitrogen-use efficiency. Two field experiments were conducted. In the first, five rates of N, P, and K were applied in a central composite design with the cultivar Plainsman grown in five environments. In a second experiment, six amaranth cultivars, Amont, K266, K283, Plainsman, K432 and D136, were grown in three environments with five N rates (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg N ha −1 ) []
Leveraging directional antenna capabilities for fine-grained gesture recognition

This paper presents a recognition scheme for fine-grain gestures. The scheme leverages directional antenna and short-range wireless propagation properties to recognize a vocabulary of action-oriented gestures from the American Sign Language. Since the scheme only relies on commonly available wireless features such as Received Signal Strength (RSS), signal phase differences, and frequency subband selection, it is readily deployable on commercial-off-the-shelf IEEE 802.11 devices. We have implemented the proposed scheme and evaluated it in two potential application scenarios: gesture-based electronic activation from wheelchair and gesture-based control of car infotainment system. The results show that the proposed scheme can correctly identify and classify up to 25 fine-grain gestures with an average accuracy of 92% for the first application scenario and 84% for the second scenario.
Sulzberger's metabolite X; a personal reminiscence.

Today, urticarial hypersensitivity to pressure and stroking, to cold, to heat, to ultraviolet rays of around 3200 A and to violet rays (4000 to 5000 A) are well established entities. These “physical allergies” are independent of each other, i.e. no cases have been reported where there was a combination of urticarial hypersensitivity to two or more different physical agents. These urticarias are in many respects similar to those caused by ingested foods or by drugs. They have a specific cause and the single cause-single effect mechanism is easily de- monstrable. The sensitivity develops rather suddenly in healthy persons and in- ^. dependently of any pre-existing disease. The sensitivity lasts for many years until spontaneous “desensitization” takes place, but attempts to desensitize by artificial means are unsuccessful. In many cases of physical allergies as well as of urticarias due to foods, drugs, inhalants and contactants passively transferable antibodies may become demonstrable.
Neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an early-onset, clinically heterogeneous disorder of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Family, twin, adoption, segregation analysis, and molecular genetic studies show that is has a substantial genetic component. Although their results are still tentative, molecular genetic studies suggest that three genes may increase the susceptibility to ADHD: the D4 dopamine receptor gene, the dopamine transporter gene, and the D2 dopamine receptor gene. Studies of environmental adversity have implicated pregnancy and delivery complications, marital distress, family dysfunction, and low social class. The pattern of neuropsychological deficits found in ADHD children implicate executive functions and working memory; this pattern is similar to what has been found among adults with frontal lobe damage, which suggests that the frontal cortex or regions projecting to the frontal cortex are dysfunctional in at least some ADHD children. Moreover, neuroimaging studies implicate frontosubcortical pathways in ADHD. Notably, these pathways are rich in catecholamines, which have been implicated in ADHD by the mechanism of action of stimulants--the class of drugs that effectively treats many ADHD children. Yet human studies of the catecholamine hypothesis of ADHD have produced conflicting results, perhaps due to the insensitivity of peripheral measures.
NMDA‐receptor antagonist requirements in conantokin‐G

A series of variants of the neuroactive 17-residue γ-carboxyglutamate-(Gla)-containing polypeptide, conantokin-G (con-G), were synthesized with the intention of determining those features that were important for its N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-targeted antagonist activity and for adoption of its divalent cation-dependent α-helical conformation. Employing the binding of [3H]dizolcipine (MK-801) as an assay for open receptor ion channels in rat brain membranes, which displays inhibition by con-G (IC50=0.48 μM), it was found that replacement by an Ala residue of Gla4 led to complete inactivation of the peptide, whereas a similar replacement of Gla3 resulted in a 20-fold decreased potency. Ala substitutions for Gla10 and Gla14 did not substantially affect [3H]MK-801 binding. This same substitution at Gla7 appeared to slightly enhance binding. Ala replacements of non-Gla residues demonstrated that four of them, viz. Glu2, Leu5, Gln9, and Ile12, possessed at least 200-fold decreases in inhibitory potency, whereas similar replacements at Gly1, Leu11, and Arg13 resulted in peptides with 8- to 12-fold increases in the IC50 values. The remaining amino acid residues tested in the single Ala replacement series showed no significant changes in the inhibitory characteristics of wild-type con-G. Additional studies with carboxyl-terminal truncated peptides revealed that the carboxyl-terminal 4 amino acids were unimportant for this activity. There was no strict correlation of inhibition of [3H]MK-801 binding with the ability of these peptides to form cation-dependent α-helices. Peptides with notably low α-helical content in the presence of these cations were lacking at least one, or both, of Gla10 and Gla14. Con-G[Gla3,4,7,10,14E] and con-G[Gla7,10,14E] were the only peptides that remained in a completely random conformation upon metal ion addition.
A climatic model of solar radiation and temperature change

Abstract Mean monthly temperatures for the Northern Hemisphere were determined for the years 1955 through 1968 following the same procedures used by H. C. Willett and J. M. Mitchell, Jr., in their studies of long-term trends. It was found that the downward trend they reported starting in the 1940s continued, though interrupted, into the 1960s. The temperature data when combined with radiation data and other components of the hemispheric energy budget led to the formulation of the response ratio, the relationship between change in incoming solar radiation and change in temperature. When this response ratio was applied to the reported trends in direct solar radiation and to the decrease in direct solar radiation following the eruption of Agung in 1963, a probable cause-effect relationship was suggested.
Thermochemistry in the BaO · Sc2O3 · WO3 ternary system

Abstract It has been established that the addition of scandium to thermionic cathodes, both oxide and dispenser type, results in reduction in work function. Unfortunately, the improved performance is short-lived, as the scandium is removed by ion bombardment and the low work function surface structure does not readily reform. A wide range of experiments have been reported on different scandate cathode configurations, including those incorporating scandium (or its oxide) into the bulk and as a component of a surface layer. In these studies the primary characterization techniques have been limited to one or more surface probe methods in efforts to correlate surface composition with emission behaviour. Surface analysis techniques yield compositional information, but provide no details as to the nature of phase composition of the surface. A study of the thermochemistry manifested in one of the systems representative of scandate cathodes has been undertaken to advance understanding of the mechanism responsible for the improved emission behaviour. Two isothermal sections of the BaO · Sc2O3 · WO3 ternary system are presented detailing the phase equilibria at 1100°C and 950°C. Information regarding compound occurrence and stability, rates of reaction, and stability of products over a range of temperatures is reported. The structure of a previously reported ternary compound, Ba3Sc2WO9, is discussed and a reaction mechanism describing the evolution of this compound, applicable for many scandate cathode configurations, is presented.
Mode conversion due to asymmetric GND via configuration

This study investigates the behavior of mode conversion through a simple 2-layered printed circuit board cavity, as two ground (GND) vias are placed asymmetrically in proximity of a differential signal (Diff. SIG).
Dendritic extent in human dentate gyrus granule cells in normal aging and senile dementia.

Abstract Granule cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus of 22 human brains obtained at autopsy were studied in Golgi-Cox stained tissue. Seventeen cases were cognitively normal and ranged from 43 to 95 years of age. Five cases had a progressive, dementing disease consistent with the diagnosis of senile dementia (SD) of the Alzheimer's type. Dendritic extent of granule cells was found to increase in normal aging between middle age (fifties) and early old age (seventies). However, dendritic regression was found in the oldest old (nineties). This finding of dendritic regression following growth is in contrast to previous quantitative reports of continued dendritic growth in parahippocampal gyrus of normal aging human brain and suggests that changes in dendritic extent in normal aging are region and age specific. In cases with SD, dendritic extent was greatly reduced when compared with the normal cases of the same age (seventies) and slightly reduced when compared with middle-aged cases. The very old normal and SD cases were similar in dendritic extent, suggesting that the functional and memory deficits characteristics of SD cannot be explained solely on the basis of the static status of dendritic extent of single neurons.
Cross-correlation in band-limited ocean ambient noise fields

Observations of ambient noise in the ocean are generally band limited, because of the natural spectral shape of the noise or the restricted bandwidth of the detection system. Either way, the noise may be regarded as white noise to which a band-limiting filter has been applied. An analysis of the two-point cross-correlation function of such filtered noise is presented for two cases, isotropic and surface-generated noise. The most pronounced effects occur with high-pass and bandpass filters when the low-frequency cut-off falls well above the first few zeros in the coherence function. In this situation, the sensor separation is very many times the longest acoustic wavelength (associated with the lowest frequency) in the passband. The filtering then produces sharp pulses at correlation delays equal to the numerical value of the acoustic travel time between the sensors. Although these pulses are narrow, they have a finite width, within which a fine structure appears in the form of multiple rapid oscillations, due to the differentiating action of the filter. The number of such oscillations increases as the low-frequency roll-off of the filter becomes steeper. This fine structure is evident in several recently published experimental determinations of the cross-correlation function of band-limited ocean ambient noise.