cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of 3,3′-Dichloro-5,5′-Dinitro-0,0′-Biphenol (Bayer 9015) Anti-Fluke Agent in a Lactating Cow

Abstract The metabolism of Chemagro Corporation's anti-fluke agent, Bayer 9015 (3,3′-dichloro-5,5′-dinitro-0,0′-biphenol), has been studied in a lactating cow. No residues were detected in milk or urine up to nine days after oral administration of a single dose of 3 mg/kg of the compound to a 635-kg Holstein cow. A trace (0.17 ppm) of the intact compound was found in the feces about two days after dosing. The compound disappeared within six minutes when incubated at a concentration of 5 ppm with fresh rumen fluid.
Survival of a wild ring-tailed lemur ( Lemur catta ) with abdominal trauma in an anthropogenically disturbed habitat

Soft tissue injuries are rarely reported in wild primates as these heal fast, are not obvious, and are rapidly scavenged or decompose after death. An adult female ring - tailed lemur (Lemur catta) was found to have a chronic gastrointestinal fistula in Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar. She was observed monthly for 13 months until her remains, which showed evidence of dog predation, were found. Until then, she was in good body condition, had gained weight from the previous year and was observed to exhibit normal behaviour and produce an infant. This report documents a wild strepsirrhine primate able to survive significant soft tissue injury in an anthropogenically disturbed habitat.
Blood loss estimation by out-of-hospital emergency care providers.

Objectives. To evaluate emergency medical technicians' (EMTs') ability to estimate spilled blood volume and to determine whether limited training improves estimate accuracy and whether there is a difference in improvement comparing two different training methods. Methods. The study design was a single-blinded, clinical model, utilizing EMTs (basic, intermediate, and advanced) from a local commercial ambulance service. Participants estimated the volume of randomly selected volumes of packed red blood cells reconstituted to a normal hematocrit and poured onto three absorbent (carpet) and three nonabsorbent (vinyl) surfaces. Participants were then randomly assigned to one of two teaching groups. The sitegrp (n = 17) returned to the six testing sites and were told the actual blood volumes. The slidegrp (n = 16) were taught with slides of six similar blood spill sites. Both groups were provided with suggestions for making volume estimates. The same participants were then retested one month later using the same...
Contribution of genetic studies in rodent models of autoimmune arthritis to understanding and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Contribution of genetic studies in rodent models of autoimmune arthritis to understanding and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Serum proteomic biomarker discovery reflective of stage and obesity in breast cancer patients.

Background Currently no standardized blood test exists for breast cancer screening or staging purposes. The goals of this study were to use proteomic mass spectrometry approaches for profiling, fractionation, and identification of serum proteins from breast cancer patients for discovery of new biomarkers of stage and nodal status. Study Design Samples from 150 patients were collected preoperatively for patients undergoing breast biopsy. Serum was processed using weak cation exchange (WCX) fractionation and analyzed with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Spectra were processed and group profiles, peak statistics, and cross-validation scores were determined using a k-nearest neighbor genetic algorithm. Pools of subgroups based on stage, race, and obesity were processed with WCX fractionation followed by trypsin digestion. Differentially expressed proteins and peptides were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Results Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight proteomic profiling using WCX capture of serum proteins resulted in correct cancer stage classifications ranging from 72% to 84%. Nodal status was classified correctly with 88% cross-validation scores. Levels of endogenous low mass peptide fragments derived from kininogen, fibrinogen, plasminogen, and inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 protein were increased in cancer stage III and stage IV samples. Adding trypsin digestions with WCX capture indicated increased levels of α-2-HS-glycoprotein, prothrombin, and serum amyloid A in stage IV samples. Obesity, but not race, was a factor in the relative levels of detected proteins/peptides. Conclusions WCX fractionation alone or with trypsin digestion of serum suggest it can be possible to use a panel of proteins to predict breast cancer stage and nodal status. Additional study is required on the role of inflammatory molecules in breast cancer development.
Asymptotic expansions of the kernel functions for line formation with continuous absorption

Asymptotic expressions are obtained for the kernel functions M2(tau, alpha, beta) and K2(tau, alpha, beta) appearing in the theory of line formation with complete redistribution over a Voigt profile with damping parameter a, in the presence of a source of continuous opacity parameterized by beta. For a greater than 0, each coefficient in the asymptotic series is expressed as the product of analytic functions of a and eta. For Doppler broadening, only the leading term can be evaluated analytically.
Tuberous sclerosis preclinical studies: timing of treatment, combination of a rapamycin analog (CCI-779) and interferon-gamma, and comparison of rapamycin to CCI-779

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant hamartoma disorder with variable expression for which treatment options are limited. TSC is caused by a mutation in either the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, whose products, hamartin and tuberin, function as negative regulators in the highly-conserved mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Rapamycin (also known as sirolimus), an mTOR inhibitor, has been shown to reduce disease severity in rodent models of TSC and is currently being evaluated in clinical trials in human populations. The cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is also a potential therapeutic agent for TSC. A high-expressing IFN-γ allele has been associated with reduced disease severity in human TSC patients and it has been shown in mouse models that treatment with exogenous IFN-γ reduces disease severity. Here, we examine the effects of treating Tsc2+/- mice at different time points with a rapamycin analog (CCI-779) as a single agent or with a combination of CCI-779 and IFN-γ. We observed that administering a short course of CCI-779 or CCI-779 plus IFN-γ reduced the severity of kidney lesions if administered after such lesions develop. As long as treatment is given after lesions arise, altering the time period during which treatment was given did not significantly impact the effect of the treatment on disease severity. We did not observe a significant benefit of combination therapy relative to treatment with a rapamycin analog alone in Tsc2+/- mice. We also compared timing of treatment and two mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin and CCI-779) in nude mice bearing Tsc2-/- tumors. Preventing the genesis of TSC-related kidney lesions in Tsc2+/- mice is not an effective treatment strategy; rather, the presence of growing tumors appears to be the most important factor when determining an appropriate treatment schedule. Treatment with rapamycin was more effective in reducing tumor growth and improving survival in nude mice bearing Tsc2-/- tumors and also resulted in higher rapamycin levels in blood, brain, and kidney tissue than treatment with an equal milligram dose of CCI-779. We anticipate these results will influence future preclinical and clinical trials for TSC.
Membrane-Associated Folding and Unfolding

We are studying the molecular events that occur when a peptide inserts across a membrane or exits from it. Using pH jumps to trigger insertion/exit of the pHLIP (pH Low Insertion Peptide) to enable kinetic analysis, we show that insertion occurs in several steps, with rapid (0.1 sec) interfacial helix formation followed by a much slower (100 sec) insertion pathway to form a transmembrane helix. The reverse process of unfolding and peptide exit from the bilayer core, which can be induced by a rapid pH jump from acidic to basic, proceeds much faster than folding/insertion and through different intermediate states. In the exit pathway, the helix-coil transition is initiated while the polypeptide is still inside the membrane. We also designed two pHLIP-variants where Asp and Glu residues were removed from the C-terminus, which inserts across the membrane. The variants preserve the same pH-dependent properties of pHLIP peptide interaction with the membrane, but insertion occurs 10-30 times faster than in the case of the parent pHLIP peptide. A kinetic model of peptide-membrane insertion/folding and exit/unfolding will be discussed. The work was in part supported by grant from the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute RO1 133890 to OAA, DME, YRK.
Earth Science: Solid evidence in the inner core.

The indications are that a solid ball of iron lies at Earth's centre. But only the identification of an elusive seismic signature can confirm the long-standing assumption that it is indeed solid.
Finite Element Analysis in Concurrent Processing: Computational Issues

The purpose of this research is to investigate the potential application of new methods for solving large-scale static structural problems on concurrent computers. It is well known that traditional single-processor computational speed will be limited by inherent physical limits. The only path to achieve higher computational speeds lies through concurrent processing. Traditional factorization solution methods for sparse matrices are ill suited for concurrent processing because the null entries get filled, leading to high communication and memory requirements. The research reported herein investigates alternatives to factorization that promise a greater potential to achieve high concurrent computing efficiency. Two methods, and their variants, based on direct energy minimization are studied: a) minimization of the strain energy using the displacement method formulation; b) constrained minimization of the complementary strain energy using the force method formulation. Initial results indicated that in the context of the direct energy minimization the displacement formulation experienced convergence and accuracy difficulties while the force formulation showed promising potential.
Seasonal variation of residual drift in Long Island Sound

Abstract Residual drift in Long Island Sound (LIS) is analyzed based on the recovery of 346 out of 951 surface and bottom drifters released at 86 locations in 1973 and 1974. Two periods of distinctly differing drift correlate with wind and freshwater discharge variation. The summer period (June to early November 1973) is characterized by relatively weak southwest winds and low freshwater discharge. In the winter period (after early November 1973) there are strong northwest winds and relatively high freshwater discharge. An estuarine circulation (surface outflow and bottom inflow) exists in eastern LIS throughout the year. Bottom drifter returns received in the summer period indicate that the westward flux of near bottom waters does not extend into central LIS past Mattituck Sill. During the winter season near bottom waters move well into central LIS and upwelling against the Connecticut coast is apparent. There is little evidence for significant near bottom exchange between western and central LIS.
Phenobarbital for neonatal jaundice.

T H I S C O M M E N T A R Y is prompted by an increasing number of inquiries as to whether it is now indicated to treat hyperbilirubinemia with phenobarbital during the first week of life. In 1968 Catz and Yaffee 1 demonstrated that the conjugation and excretion of bilirubin could be increased significantly in newborn animals by giving sodium barbital daily to them at birth, or to their mothers before birth. Bilirubin is taken up by the parenchymal cells of the liver and excreted into the bile after glucuronide esterification. The glucuronide-conjugating reaction is mediated by the microsomal enzyme uridine diphosphoglucuronyl transferase; the activity of this enzyme, measured in vitro, is low in fetuses and newborns of several species, including humans. The immaturity of this enzyme system is thus a partial explanation for the transient or physiologic hyperbilirubinemia observed in newborn and premature infants and contributes to the hyperbilirubinemia associated with other causes of jaundice, such as sepsis and hemolytic anemia. A number of attempts have now been made to evaluate the effect of phenobarbital on accelerating the bilirubin-conjugating enzyme activity in human fetuses and infants.
Assessing physical workload for human-robot peer-based teams

Peer-based human-robot teams involve both teammates working in the same physical space and contributing to the same goals. Predictions of human performance based upon environmental, internal, task and organizational influences have proven useful, but these predictive methods have not yet been proven to apply to human-robot peer-based team situations. Physical workload is an important component of overall workload and influences human performance. The presented research examines physical workload metrics, appraises predictive models of physical workload, and investigates the impact of human-robot peer-based teaming situations on physical workload. Two evaluations are presented. The Guided evaluation required participants to follow guided instructions provided by a partner, either a remotely located human or a locally situated robot. The Collaborative evaluation required collaboration and teaming with joint decisions with either the locally situated human or robot partner. The results from both evaluations show that overall workload and subjectively rated physical workload was lower for the human-robot teams than the human-human teams; however, the physiologically measured physical workload was higher for the human-robot teams. The lack of a collocated human partner during the Guided evaluation did not affect the workload results. The modeling techniques and empirical measures used in the evaluations can be extended to other human-robot team situations.
Bediasite source materials: A solution to an endmember mixing problem exploiting closed data

Abstract Previous tektite studies proposed parent materials ranging from single lithologies to various three-endmember mixtures of igneous and sedimentary rocks. In part, this breadth of proposed parent materials resulted from the unavailability of proper statistical methods for analyzing percentage, or “closed,” data. However, new statistical techniques penetrate these data, and the bediasites, being random samples of endmember mixtures, afford opportunities to establish a paradigm for endmember identification, determine the minimum number of lithologic/geochemical endmembers contributing to the bediasite compositions, and estimate the major-element chemistries of those endmembers. We conclude that both the major-element chemistry and the correlations among major-element ratios for bediasites 1. 1) cannot be explained solely as an effect of selective volatilization of a single source material, 2. 2) require a minimum of two contributing endmember materials, and 3. 3) suggest a binary mixture of endmembers chemically similar to a subarkose and a ferro-aluminum residual clay.
How not to teach psychotherapy.

Received March 16, 2005; accepted June 9, 2005. Dr. Gabbard is Brown Foundation Chair of Psychoanalysis and Professor of Psychiatry at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Address correspondence to Dr. Gabbard, Baylor College of Medicine, 6655 Travis, Suite 500, Houston, TX 77030; ggabbard@bcm.tmc.edu (E-mail). Copyright 2005 Academic Psychiatry. For more than one-quarter of a century, I have been trying to teach psychotherapy to psychiatric residents. When I moved from Menninger to Baylor in 2001, I became Director of Psychotherapy Education, and I started to think more systematically about what I’d learned from teaching psychotherapy. Part of my duties at Baylor involves being Director of the Baylor Psychiatry Clinic, where I have weekly case conferences with the PGY-III residents and teach them how to think about psychotherapy and formulation in the outpatients they are seeing. This experience has provided me with a laboratory to experiment with different teaching techniques. At the same time, Bob Hales, M.D., Editor-in-Chief of American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. (APPI), Books, wanted me to edit the Core Competency in Psychotherapy Series for American Psychiatric Publishing. Since I was writing the text on long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for that series, I had to think systematically about what works and what does not work in the teaching of psychotherapy. At some point, I recognized that I had learned as much from what not to do as much as I had from what worked. We all learn by making mistakes. In light of that fact, I would like to share what I’ve learned not to do in this article. I am going to provide you with a list of common mistakes in teaching. I have made many of them myself, so I am in no way exempting my own teaching from this catalog of errors. Rather than telling you what you should do, I am using the “thou shalt not” method designed by Moses when he came down from the mountain with the bronze tablets. Hence, I am going to provide a list of precepts that suggest what not to do. Teach Psychotherapy as Though It Is Entirely Isolated From the Rest of Psychiatry
Cytokines increase CRE binding but decrease CRE‐mediated reporter activity in rat hepatocytes by increasing c‐Jun

The cyclic AMP response element (CRE) has been implicated in the regulation of the expression of many genes and cellular processes important in hepatocyte function. CRE sites exist in the promoter regions of several genes expressed during inflammation. Numerous studies on the role of CRE in hepatocyte gene expression have been performed in resting hepatocytes, but the role of CRE during inflammation is unknown. To evaluate the regulation of CRE-mediated transcription during sepsis, cultured hepatocytes were exposed to proinflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected into rats. Nuclear proteins were collected and CRE binding activity measured by electromobility shift assay (EMSA) using a consensus CRE oligonucleotide. CRE binding activity was increased in vitro by cytokines and in vivo by LPS administration but CRE-dependent reporter activity was decreased by cytokine stimulation. A c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor reversed the cytokine-induced increase in CRE binding and increased CRE-dependent reporter activity. Supershift assays indicated that cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and c-Jun proteins were included in the CRE binding complex. CREB induced and c-Jun suppressed reporter activity using a CRE-dependent construct transfected into cultured primary hepatocytes. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines regulate CRE binding and activity in cultured hepatocytes and suggest that sepsis-induced changes in CRE binding may participate in the cellular response to inflammation.
Base temperature for the application of the growing-degree-day model to field-grown alfalfa

Abstract Base temperature ( T b ) selection for the field application of the growing-degree-day ( gdd ) model for predicting alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) harvest under a three-cutting management system was investigated, because current usage is based upon extrapolation of growth-chamber data and employs a constant T b despite microclimatic and physiological changes that take place during the growing season. Three methods of analysis and 11 station-years of climatic and alfalfa one-tenth-flower data from Rosemount and St. Paul, Minnesota, were used for successive growth periods to estimate T b . The best estimate of T b in the spring growth period, 3.5°C, was significantly less than the 5°C value currently used. For the succeeding summer periods, T b estimates were 7.5° and 10.0°C, the latter being significantly higher than the current T b . The gdd requirement, computed using the best estimates of T b , were 585, 425 and 425 for alfalfa to reach one-tenth flower in each successive period. When a constant T b was used, the gdd requirement to flower differed between growth periods, with the late summer period having a greater requirement.
Are high-frequency daters better cue readers? Men's interpretations of women's cues as a function of dating frequency and SHI scores

This study investigated how men's cue-reading skills relate, to their dating frequency and Survey of HeteroSexual Interactions (SHI) scores. A series of 2-min male-female conversations was shown to 106 male undergraduates. After each conversation, participants rated: (a) whether the woman was positive, neutral, or negative toward the man, (b) how certain they were of their ratings, and (c) the probability of the woman's accepting a date with the man. Cue-reading skill was measured in terms of how well participants judged what each woman was trying to convey and how close they were to the group consensus. High- and low-frequency daters did not differ significantly on any measure of cue-reading skill or certainty about their ratings. Participants with high, moderate, and low SHI scores differed significantly on only one of three measures of cue-reading skill: Moderate-SHIs were closer to the consensus than high-SHIs on the probability of the woman's accepting a date. Although high-SHIs were not superior on any cue-reading skill measure, they were significantly more certain of their ratings. Neither dating frequency nor SHI scores were related to how optimistically participants interpreted the woman's cues.
Balancing commonality and performance within the concurrent design of multiple products in a product family

Product family design involves the concurrent design of multiple products based on a common product platform to satisfy a variety of markets. The success of the resulting product family relies heavily on properly balancing the commonality of the product platform with the individual product performance within the product family. To help resolve this tradeoff, we present the Product Variety Tradeoff Evaluation Method for assessing alternative product platform concepts with varying levels of commonality. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed method at both the detailed and the early stages of design. The redesign of a planetary gear transmission for a family of four cordless drills demonstrates the use of the method in the detailed stages of design, while the design of a family of three General Aviation Aircraft demonstrates the use of the method in the preliminary stages of design. The emphasis in this paper is on the effectiveness of the proposed method in evaluating this tradeoff and not ...
Experiments for Leveled RFID Localization for Indoor Stationary Objects

Based on the multiple power leveled passive RFID system Chan and Zhang [21] proposed, there are three innovative indoor localization algorithms, namely the leveled nearest-neighbor, leveled multilateration and leveled Bayesian inference, to locate stationary objects. In order to examine these algorithms in a realistic circumstance, we carry out experiments in a laboratory environment. The hardware of the RFID system in use is the Alien Technology development kit. The experimental results are consistent with the outcomes from the computer simulations. We are able to confirm that the average localization error results for these algorithms are quite small.
Quantification of a rat tail vertebra model for trabecular bone adaptation studies.

Abstract A feedback controlled loading apparatus for the rat tail vertebra was developed to deliver precise mechanical loads to the eighth caudal vertebra (C8) via pins inserted into adjacent vertebrae. Cortical bone strains were recorded using strain gages while subjecting the C8 in four cadaveric rats to mechanical loads ranging from 25 to 100 N at 1 Hz with a sinusoidal waveform. Finite element (FE) models, based on micro computed tomography, were constructed for all four C8 for calculations of cortical and trabecular bone tissue strains. The cortical bone strains predicted by FE models agreed with strain gage measurements, thus validating the FE models. The average measured cortical bone strain during 25–100 N loading was between 298±105 and 1210±297 microstrain (μe). The models predicted average trabecular bone tissue strains ranging between 135±35 and 538±138 μe in the proximal region, 77±23–307±91 μe in the central region, and 155±36–621±143 μe in the distal region for 25–100 N loading range. Although these average strains were compressive, it is also interesting that the trabecular bone tissue strain can range from compressive to tensile strains (−1994 to 380 μe for a 100 N load). With this novel approach that combines an animal model with computational techniques, it could be possible to establish a quantitative relationship between the microscopic stress/strain environment in trabecular bone tissue, and the biosynthetic response and gene expression of bone cells, thereby study bone adaptation.
Richard Mills and the New York State Board of Regents, 1995-2001 Parts A & B

In 1995, New York State Education Commissioner Richard Mills and the Board of Regents changed the state's testing policy in favor of a challenging, high-stakes testing accountability system. The case describes Mill's leadership over the next six years in the face of significant opposition from parents, alternative schools, vocational educators, and bilingual advocates. The case portrays Mills' effectiveness as an apologist of the policy to the public and his ability to survive politically. It documents his justification of placing stakes on students as the means to persuade state institutions, including the governor and the legislature, to provide greater financial support for education.
On more powerful tests of judge agreement with a known standard

To establish the existence of his abilities, a judge is given the task of classifying each ofN=rs subjects into one ofr known categories, each containings of the subjects. An incomplete design is proposed whereby the judge is presented withb groups, each one containingn=rs/b<r subjects. Then different categories corresponding to members of the group are known. Using the total number of correct classifications, this method of grouping is compared to that in which the group size is equal to the number of categories. The incomplete grouping is shown to yield a more powerful test for discriminating between the null hypothesis that the judge is guessing the classifications and the alternative hypothesis that he has some definite abilities. The incomplete design is found to be most effective (powerful) when the number of subjects in a group is limited to two or three.
Investigation of Boiling Detection in the HFIR Using Out-of-Core Instrumentation

Analysis of neutron fluctuations produced by coolant pressure oscillations and of neutron noise were investigated as two possible boiling detection methods during a boiling experiment in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). Neither method detected boiling because the void volume due to boiling was 0.007 in., which is less than the detection threshold for either method.
Analysis and optimization of convective trapezoidal profile pin fins with internal heat generation

An analysis of trapezoidal profile convective pin fins, with internal heat generation density is presented. The solution of the optimal problem is also given, when either the desired heat dissipation rate or the volume of the pin is specified. The results are presented graphically and in polynomial forms that are particularly useful for computerized calculations. The effect of the fin's profile and thermal conductivity upon the optimum dimensions is discussed. An example serves to demonstrate the usefulness of the method.
The limited role of canopy gaps in the successional dynamics of a mature mixed Quercus forest remnant.

Question: Are canopy gap dynamics responsible for driving the structural and compositional changes that have occurred over a 26-year period in a mature Quercus forest remnant? Location: Dobbs Natural Area, an unlogged 3.6-ha forest preserve in west-central Indiana, USA. Methods: We analyzed mapped permanent plot data for a site that illustrates a trend common in Quercus-dominated forests in eastern North America, where recruitment of new stems is dominated by mesophytic, shade-tolerant species such as Acer saccharum, rather than Quercus. We developed a GIS database from stand census measurements taken in 1974 and 2000, employing it to conduct tree-by-tree comparisons that allow direct determination of ingrowth, mortality and survivorship, and to relate the spatial patterns of subcanopy dynamics to canopy gap occurrence. Results: The re-census shows modest changes in canopy composition, but much greater turnover in the subcanopy. Nearly half of all individuals originally present died; much of this mortality resulted from a major decline in subcanopy Ulmus americana. While overall density remained fairly constant, the subcanopy experienced substantial ingrowth of shade-tolerant Acer saccharum, Fagus grandifolia, and Tilia americana. Canopy gaps, although forming at rates in the upper range of regional averages, did not significantly benefit subcanopy populations of Quercus spp. or most other taxa with limited shade tolerance. Conclusions: Canopy gaps play a minor role in driving the recent demographic trends of this stand. The spatial and temporal scales of light availability in gaps do not support regeneration of most shade-intolerant species. Compositional change parallels a historical shift in light regimes.
A Bursting Zero of Unknowing: Overcoming the Paradox of Infinite Knowledge in Heinrich von Kleist's “Über das Marionettentheater” and Robert Walser's Jakob von Gunten

If to attain infinite knowledge is to relinquish the finite act of knowing, which necessarily divides and distinguishes, then pure knowing must be closer to a mode of unknowing. This paradox animates both Kleist's “Uber das Marionettentheater” and Walser's Jakob von Gunten, each of which suggests that to access the absolute requires emptying oneself of thought so as to become like a puppet, which is no different than becoming a god. Using Kleist as an intertextual source, this article reads the “riddle” of Jakob von Gunten as an instantiation of this negative knowledge, which Walser deploys as both the philosophical and narrative engine of his novel. In analyzing the novel's rhetorical and narrative experiments, the article shows how these enact its titular figure's overcoming of the paradox of absolute knowing. Ultimately, this analysis also introduces a paradigm for reading the critical features of Walser's idiosyncratic work as a whole.
Electrochemically Stimulated Adenosine 5‘-Triphosphate (ATP) Release through Redox Switching of Conducting Polypyrrole Films and Bilayers

Electrochemically stimulated adenosine 5‘-triphosphate (ATP) release from poly(pyrrole adenosine 5‘-triphosphate) (PP-ATP) was investigated using cyclic voltammetry. Two separate redox processes at E1/2 = −0.4 and 0.0 V were clearly elucidated by switching the film in polyelectrolyte solutions and found to correlate with cation and anion dominant transport, respectively. This voltammetric method allows the dominant mobile ionic species to be determined as redox processes associated with the movement of the polyelectrolyte counterion through the film are observed, while redox processes associated with transport of ions having the same charge as the polyelectrolyte are repressed. As such, the more anodic redox process results in ATP release. Spontaneous ATP exchange in a supporting electrolyte was examined at open circuit, revealing that less than 10% of the electrochemically releasable ATP is spontaneously released after 10 days. The ATP release concept was extended to bilayers consisting of PP-ATP as inne...
The impact of a picture archiving and communication system on nuclear medicine examination interpretation.

Radiographic correlation is essential for many of the examinations performed in nuclear medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a picture archiving and communications system (PACS) on the function and efficiency of a nuclear medicine department at a tertiary care institution. We evaluated 250 consecutive noncardiac nuclear medicine imaging examinations and asked the interpreting physician the following questions: (1) Was PACS used in the interpretation of the study? (2) Did the use of PACS expedite examination completion or aid in study interpretation? And (3) Did the use of PACS permit a definitive diagnosis to be made? PACS was accessed for correlative radiographic images in 155 of the 250 (62%) nuclear medicine examinations. Images available on PACS for review aided in study interpretation in 74% (115 of 155) of cases The use of PACS was thought to expedite examination completion in 55% (86 of 155) of cases. The system was accessed but not operational in only 1% of cases (2 of 155). PACS provides reliable, rapid access to multimodality correlative radiographic images that aid in the interpretation of nuclear medicine examinations. Such systems also increase the efficiency of a nuclear medicine service by allowing timely and conclusive interpretations to be made.
LABOR REQUIREMENTS, ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICES, AND INNOVATION IN THE DIGITAL CONTENT INDUSTRY

ABSTRACT Are mobile creative workers mainly responsible for innovation in the creative industry because they mediate knowledge transfer and spill-over that are critical in creating new ideas? This paper explores the labour requirements of digital content production. Drawing on 323 digital content (DC) firm samples located in Seoul, South Korea, this paper explores the causal relationship between human resource practices and innovation. A logistic regression of the data reveals that the additive index of a set of organizational practices that aim to foster internal labor pool including selective hiring, retention, and R&D investment is a statistically significant predictor of innovative capacity of the digital content firms in Seoul. However, the additive index of incentive-based HR practices including high compensation and job security did not show a significant relationship with the innovative capacity of firms. This study provides preliminary evidence on the significance of internal organization, and in particular of the role of internal labor pools, in innovation. This study suggests that the leaders of creative industry firms, particularly those in the digital content industry, should carefully choose between exploitation and exploration in managing their creative workers and creative capacity, since these practices may shape the firm’s competitive advantage.
Gender and vote revelation strategy in the United States Congress

AbstractLegislators approach each election as if they might lose. Electoral insecurity coupled with gender stereotypes held by voters and lawmakers alike may lead female legislators to communicate more voting decisions to voters as a signal of their policy-driven efforts. Using an original data-set of over 40,000 official e-newsletters and Real Simple Syndication feeds sent by members of Congress, I show that women reveal more roll call votes to constituents than their male counterparts. Significant differences exist between male and female incumbents in the frequency of vote revelation despite the fact that male and female legislators use these communication techniques to reach constituents at the same rates and call attention to similar bills. These differences persist after accounting for the effects of party, seniority, district fit, and other potential confounds. Women highlight their ability to fulfill the roles expected of lawmakers by explicitly signaling involvement in lawmaking activities more f...
Crayfishes of the Apalachicola Ravines, Northern Florida: A Search for the Fireback Crayfish, Cambarus pyronotus

Abstract The series of steep, wooded ravines along the eastern side of the Apalachicola River in Gadsden and Liberty counties, FL, is recognized for its rich biodiversity. Little recent information is available on crayfishes of this unique ecosystem. During surveys conducted from 1939–1941, 5 taxa, including one undescribed species (now Cambarus pyronotus [Fireback Crayfish]), were recorded. No crayfish studies were conducted in the Apalachicola Ravines in the ensuing 60 years, and the conservation status of C. pyronotus remained unknown. From June 1999–February 2002, we surveyed the Apalachicola Ravines to determine distributional limits and stream-by-stream occurrence of C. pyronotus and evaluate its conservation status in relation to the regional system of protected lands. We recorded 8 species of crayfishes, including 4 primary burrowers and 4 aquatic species. Members of each of these 2 groups exhibited distinct microgeographic and microhabitat selection patterns, with several species showing non-over...
Immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase in patients with primary and secondary myelofibrosis.

Summary. Prolyl hyroxylase (PH) is an important enzyme in collagen synthesis. It is required for the hydroxylation of prolyl residues in peptide chains in collagen synthesis. Serum PH activity was measured in patients with primary myelofibrosis (agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and myelofibrosis with prior history of polycythaemia Vera), in patients with secondary myelofibrosis (in association with carcinoma metastasis), in patients with other myeloproliferative disorders and in controls (anaemia patients and normal volunteers). Both primary and secondary myelofibrosis had significantly elevated PH values. while other myeloproliferative disorders did not differ from normal controls. Increased PH levels in patients with primary and secondary myelofibrosis may signify increased collagen synthesis and may serve as an indicator for the development of fibrosis in the course of myeloproliferative disease.
Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Stent Grafting in Unrecognized Salmonella Aortitis

Abdominal endovascular graft infection is a rare but life-threatening complication of endovascular repair that can be challenging to manage. This report delineates the progression of a unique set of events leading to Salmonella graft infection and investigates current treatment options.
Microfilaments during sea urchin fertilization - Fluorescence detection with rhodaminyl phalloidin

Rhodaminyl-labeled phalloidin is used to demonstrate the distribution of microfilaments during fertilization and early development in eggs of the sea urchins Arbacia punctulata and Lytechinus variegatus. The surface of unfertilized eggs have numerous punctate fluorescence sites at which rhodaminyl phalloidin binds, indicating the presence of actin oligomers or polymers. During fertilization this punctate pattern of fluorescence begins to change. Within thirty seconds of insemination, the fertilization cone is first detectable with this technique as an erect structure on the surface of the egg. The fertilization cone grows to a maximum size by 8-9 minutes, and is resorbed by 16 minutes after insemination. The surface of the fertilized egg displays numerous fluorescent fibers by 10 minutes after rather than the punctate fluorescence observed in unfertilized eggs, indicative of the burst of microfilament assembly resulting in microvillar elongation. The elongated microfilaments persist through cytokinesis. Staining is also detected throughout the cortices of unfertilized, fertilized, and cleaving eggs. Cytochalasin E (10 micromoles, 30 min) prevents microfilament elongation and cytokinesis and reduces the cortical staining intensity after fertilization. At cleavage, contractile rings, appearing as narrow equatorial bundles of fibers, have been detected in Lytechinus variegatus as transient structures.
Of mice and (wo)men: purified oogonial stem cells from mouse and human ovaries.

When it comes to reproducing, James Brown summed up the human experience: This is a man’s world. Women produce a limited number of viable eggs (probably considerably fewer than 400) and become reproductively senescent in the forth or fifth decade of life. In contrast, men produce millions of sperm per day, with little evidence of age-related decline, and can father offspring into their seventh decade and beyond—if they can find willing mates. Universal agreement exists that a germline stem cell population in the testis makes continuous sperm production possible. The existence of a corresponding stem germ cell population in the ovary, however, has been the subject of intense debate. The latest chapter in this debate was recently published online in Nature Medicine [1]. What makes this paper especially noteworthy is that it provides the first evidence that isolation techniques used to obtain putative oogonial stem cells (OSCs) from the mouse ovary can be used to isolate similar cells from human ovaries. The findings are the result of collaborative studies between investigators at Harvard and at Saitama Medical Center in Japan. The Harvard group includes Jonathan Tilly, whose laboratory challenged the ‘‘central dogma’’ of reproductive biology—that all eggs produced by the mammalian ovary initiate oogenesis during fetal development—with a paper in 2004 reporting OSCs in the mouse ovary [2]. In males, spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) at the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules divide to replenish their numbers and give rise to progenitor spermatogonia that provide the steady supply of new spermatocytes required for continuous sperm production. The SSC population is thought to be small in number, making up 0.03% of the total testicular cell population in adult mice [3]. Techniques for the isolation and in vitro expansion of SSCs have been developed, and the litmus test of the putative SSC cells obtained—their capacity to regenerate continual sperm production following transplantation into a recipient testis—has been firmly established [4, 5]. Despite a flurry of research, the existence of the female germline stem cell counterpart—OSCs—has remained controversial. White et al. [1] expand our understanding of OSCs with the demonstration that a population of mitotically active cells can be isolated from both mouse and human ovarian tissue by cell sorting using an antibody that recognizes the Cterminal portion of DDX4, a germ cell-specific RNA helicase. The isolated cells express genes known to be restricted to germ cells, and like male SSCs, these appear to be a rare type (an estimated 0.014% of the ovarian cell population). Interestingly, in contrast to the male, where isolated SSCs form colonies of actively dividing cells after several days in culture [6–9], from 10 to 12 wk (mouse) and from 4 to 8 wk (human) of culture were required to obtain actively dividing OSC colonies. This smacks of in vitro transformation, raising concern about whether the population of cells that exists in the ovary are
Cyclic AMP modulates sensory-neural communication at the vestibular end organ.

Abstract Adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic phosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger that plays an important role in mediating neuronal interactions in many systems. A possible role for cAMP in sensorineural communication at the vestibular end organ was studied. The putative roles for cAMP action investigated here were: the ability of cAMP to act as the second messenger for the efferent transmitter, acetylcholine, and the possible involvement of cAMP in modulating spontaneous or mechanically-evoked afferent nerve firing. Levels of cAMP were increased pharmacologically with forskolin, 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine (IBMX) and dibutyryl cAMP. Changes in multiunit afferent nerve firing measured from the ampullar nerve of the semicircular canal, and the transepithelial potential measured across the neuroepithelium of the semicircular canal were recorded. At selected doses, all drugs produced a similar increase in spontaneous multiunit afferent nerve firing with a concomitant decrease in the transepithelial potential. Mechanically-evoked hair cell activity and the response to exogenously applied acetylcholine were unaffected by these drugs. We are suggesting that the excitatory aspects of the acetylcholine response are not mediated via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. However, cAMP does play an important role in modulating spontaneous afferent nerve firing in the semicircular canal. The finding that spontaneous afferent nerve firing can be biochemically modulated without altering mechanically-induced afferent firing is novel and deserves further investigation.
Intelligent energy management system simulator for PHEVs at municipal parking deck in a smart grid environment

There is a need for in-depth study of technologies that will affect the utility industry in a time horizon of less than 20 years. One such technology is the plug-in vehicle (PHEV); there is a need for energy management when a large number of plug-in hybrid vehicles penetrate the market. In this paper, we propose an “intelligent energy management system (iEMS)” that intelligently allocates power to the vehicle battery chargers through real time monitoring and control, to ensure optimal usage of available power, charging time and grid stability. We begin by conceptualization of the system architecture and description of its operation and provide a theoretical framework for system modeling. A detailed PHEV battery model and state of charge estimation algorithm are also being developed to simulate different PHEVs to be recharged at a municipal parking deck. We will present the simulator we have developed for representing the iEMS using Matlab/Simulink and discuss obtained results and future directions.
An equivalence between sigmoidal gain scaling and training with noisy (jittered) input data

Training with additive input noise (jitter) in a commonly used heuristic for improving generalization in layered perceptron artificial neural networks. A drawback of training with jitter, in comparison with the unjittered case, is that many more sample presentations are required in order to average over the noise and estimate the expected response. The authors demonstrate that the expected effect of jitter can be computed, in certain cases, by a simple scaling of the sigmoid nonlinearities. This means that the benefits of training with noise can be obtained without the computational cost of averaging over many noisy samples. These results provide justification for gain scaling as a heuristic for improving generalization. Application of this technique to a single-hidden-layer perceptron with linear output is considered. >
A minimally monitored assisted reproduction stimulation protocol reduces cost without compromising success

Abstract Objective: To determine if a fixed-dose stimulation protocol with monitoring limited to a single ultrasound can provide acceptable outcomes in assisted reproduction technologies (ART) procedures in appropriately selected patients. Design: Prospective study of all minimally monitored ART cycles from 1996 through 1998. Setting: University ART program. Patients: Eligibility included Institutional Review Board consent, age 18-37, basal FSH ≤ 10, normal semen parameters, and regular menses. IVF (n = 81) and GIFT (n = 14). Interventions: A single ultrasound was performed after 8 or 9 days of stimulation in a fixed-schedule long luteal phase leuprolide protocol. No hormone levels were obtained. Human chorionic gonadotropin was administered when at least 2 follicles were projected to reach 18 mm. Main Outcome Measures: Pregnancy, delivery, and implantation rates. Results: The clinical pregnancy rates were 51% for IVF and 36% for GIFT. Delivery rates were 42% for IVF and 29% for GIFT. The implantation rates for IVF were 23% and 17% for GIFT. No patient was admitted for ovarian hyperstimulation. Conclusions: We were able to achieve satisfactory pregnancy and delivery rates in properly selected patients with a minimal monitoring protocol, limited to a single ultrasound near the end of a fixed-stimulation regimen. The reduced time commitment and cost led to a very high patient acceptance of this approach.