cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fluctuating metabolite levels in yeast cells and extracts, and the control of phosphofructokinase activity in vitro.

Abstract The changes in metabolite levels observed in yeast cells and in yeast extract undergoing oscillatory control are compared with kinetic data of yeast PFK. In both cases PFK is to be assumed as highly inhibited by ATP. Highly important for releasing this inhibition is the concentration of F-6-P. FDP has the same effect, especially at low F-6-P concentrations. The fact that PFK is protected by the product FDP as well as by the substrate F-6-P explains how it is possible that both are oscillating with phases shifted for 180 °. Our findings support the ability of AMP to release ATP inhibition as described by other authors. But the dependence of AMP stimulation on both ATP and F-6-P concentrations accentuates again the necessity of considering not one factor separately but all together.
Factors Influencing Clinical Social Workers' Willingness to Address Clients' Social Support Needs

ABSTRACT Enhancing clients' capacities to use social support is central to social work; however, experience suggests that social workers in private practice may not be attending to this concern. This exploratory study uses focus groups, questionnaires, and interviews to explore how social workers in private practice incorporate different dimensions of social support in their work. Findings demonstrate that participants have an understanding of social support's importance and a willingness to work with family and friends but not with other more formal networks. This reluctance seems related to concerns about professional status and restrictions of the managed care environment.
Athletic Performance after ACL Reconstruction in the Women's National Basketball Association

AbstractPurpose: Females are at greater risk than males for sustaining an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. Performance outcomes and attrition rates associated with ACL injury and reconstruction in Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) athletes are unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare athletes who underwent ACL reconstruction with pre-injury and matched controls to determine differences in performance and return to play. Methods: A retrospective review of 18 WNBA players who underwent ACL reconstruction between 1998 and 2008 was conducted. Performance data for 2 full seasons before and after the index surgery were collected. Data were obtained from 36 matched controls. Within-group and between-group comparisons were performed to assess significance of changes in athletic performance between the pre- and post-index seasons, and the odds ratios of return to play following surgery. Results: Fourteen (78%) of 18 WNBA athletes who underwent ACL reconstruction returned to play in the ...
Fashioning Identities, Forging Inequalities: Late Neolithic/Copper Age Personal Ornaments of the Portuguese Estremadura

From an analysis of over 3,000 beads and pendants from seven contemporary Late Neolithic/Copper Age (3500–2500 BC) sites in the Portuguese Estremadura, two dominant patterns emerge: (1) most beads show a high degree of standardization in terms of size and shape and are made from local materials; and (2) a minority are made from non-local, rare, and visually distinctive materials (e.g.variscite, ivory), and are less standardized and more labour-intensive. The emphasis on a wide-range of materials suggests that uncommon ornaments may have functioned as ‘value added' materials with special significance, enhancing potential design combinations. Material preferences for beads, bracelets, pendants, plaques, and ground stone tools (da Veiga Ferreira 1951; Lillios 1997, 2008) appear to mirror other Western Mediterranean raw material preferences for ornaments and other polished stone objects (Goni Quinteiro et al. 1999; Harrison and Orozco Kohler 2001; Pascual Benito 1998; Skeates 2010; Teruel Berbell 1986) suggesting that the Estremadura participated in aspects of a wider system of shared symbolic values.
Gender and health policy.

(1998). Gender and Health Policy. Harvard Review of Psychiatry: Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 340-343.
NPARM in PHOX2B: why some things just should not be expanded

Although the neural crest and its derivatives have been studied for a very long time, disorders of derivatives of the crest, the neurocristopathies, are not well understood. In this issue of the JCI, Nagashimada et al. provide an elegant analysis of one neurocristopathy, the association of neuroblastoma (NB) with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) (aganglionosis of the terminal bowel) and congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) (also known as NB-HSCR-CCHS), linked to mutations in PHOX2B. In a mouse model, Nagashimada et al. demonstrate that a disease-linked mutation promotes tumorigenesis and disrupts neurogenesis, sympathetic gangliogenesis, and crest cell colonization of the terminal bowel. They also show that mutant PHOX2B results in decreased proliferation of crest-derived cells and the development of glia at the expense of neurons. The work raises intriguing issues about the possible common origin of sympathetic and enteric nervous systems and provides new hope that we may someday understand the vexing abnormalities in gastrointestinal function that persist after the surgical treatment of HSCR.
Fundamental assignments and molecular properties of CF2ClBr

Abstract The fundamental assignments suggested by Plyler and Acquista for difluorochlorobromomethane were re-examined, and new assignments satisfying Rayleigh's rule were recommended. On the basis of the new assignments, the sum of the fundamentals fits in very well with Bernstein's substitution rule, and also the medium intensity band at 977 cm −1 is accounted for very satisfactorily. A normal coordinate calculation was carried out on the basis of the new assignments, which favored our assignment of the 440-cm −1 band to the symmetric ν 4 fundamental rather than to the antisymmetric CF 2 rocking ν 8 , as previously suggested by Plyler and Acquista. The calculated values of all the potential constants were compared with those of the corresponding ones in similar substituted halomethanes. They compared very closely, both in magnitude and sign, for all constants but one. This lent further support to the principle of transferability of potential constants. The calculated PED showed considerable coupling among the CCl stretching, the CBr stretching, and the low-lying bending A ′ vibrations. The mean square amplitudes of vibration for the bonded and nonbonded atoms, the Coriolis coupling coefficients, and the thermodynamic properties for the ideal gas were calculated on the basis of the new assignments.
Design guides for tapered transition sections for pressure vessels

Tapered transition sections to generate constant strength (and thus minimum weight) design criteria for symmetrically loaded thin shells of revolution are analyzed. A finite difference solution (digital computer) to Love's first approximate thinshell theory is used. Tapered transition sections are considered for a cylindrical pressure vessel (R/t = 100) closed by either hemispherical, torispherical, or 2:1 ellipsoidal heads.
A helium isotope profile of Lake Taupo, New Zealand

Abstract A profile of 11 samples from Lake Taupo have been analysed for 3He/4He ratios; helium, neon, and 3H concentrations. The results indicate no, significant input of Wairakei-type geothermal fluids to the lake over the past 20 years. This suggests that the thick sedimentary cover of Taupo pumice and ash has hydrologically isolated the waters of Lake Taupo from the source region of the A.D.
Modeling in situ vapor extraction during convective boiling in fractal-like branching microchannel networks

The pressure drop penalty of convective boiling flow in microchannels may be exceedingly large. A proposed method of reducing this penalty is to extract vapor locally along the channel. A potential consequence of this extraction is that the local void fraction reduction positively influences the local heat transfer coefficient. In this study, a one dimensional model was developed to simulate convective boiling flow through a fractal-like branching microchannel network with vapor extraction through a channel wall formed using a hydrophobic porous membrane. The goal of the model is to provide a design tool that can assess the effects of vapor extraction on flow boiling heat transfer performance. Heat was applied through all walls of the channel. Vapor extraction was obtained by applying a pressure difference across the membrane. Membrane transport models of the extraction process based on local channel pressure and local saturation pressure are discussed. Predicted local conditions and global results are presented for two ranges of conditions: (i) relatively low inlet flow rate with low heat flux and (ii) relatively high inlet flow rate with high heat flux. Results shows that as the vapor extraction rate increases, there is a significant reduction in pressure drop through the channel, a reduction of the bulk fluid temperature, and a reduction in exit vapor quality.
Vaginal polymorphonuclear leukocytes and bacterial vaginosis as markers for histologic endometritis among women without symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease.

Abstract Objective: The study was performed to determine whether vaginal polymorphonuclear leukocytes can be used as predictors of histologic endometritis among women at risk for, but without symptoms of, acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Study design: Five hundred thirty-seven women with, or at risk for, pelvic infection underwent pelvic examinations, including endometrial biopsies. These women were assessed for the presence of vaginal polymorphonuclear leukocytes, bacterial vaginosis, sexually transmitted diseases, and histologic endometritis. Results: Vaginal neutrophils were present in 240 (44.7%) and histologic endometritis was present in 77 (14.3%) of the study population. Women with histologic endometritis were significantly more likely to have vaginal neutrophils present, with an odds ratio of 3.2 (95% CI 1.9-5.7). When study subjects were stratified by the presence of sexually transmitted diseases and vaginal neutrophils, the prevalence of histologic endometritis was highest in women with both conditions present, with an odds ratio of 7.0 (95% CI 3.5-14.3). When subjects were stratified by the presence of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal neutrophils, the prevalence of histologic endometritis was again highest in women with both conditions present, with an odds ratio of 4.8 (95% CI 1.4-16.3). The presence of vaginal neutrophils diagnosed by saline wet mount had a high sensitivity (90.9%) and negative predictive value (94.5%), but a low specificity (26.3%) and positive predictive value (17.1%) for the diagnosis of upper genital tract infection. Conclusion: The presence of vaginal polymorphonuclear leukocytes has a high sensitivity and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of upper genital tract infection. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:318-23.)
Disposition of the aromatic amine, benzidine, in the rat: characterization of mutagenic urinary and biliary metabolites.

Abstract The mutagenic and carcinogenic aromatic amine, benzidine (BZ), underwent extensive biotransformation in the rat. Three days after po (5.0 mg/kg) or iv (2.5 mg/kg) administration of [ 14 C]BZ, 90% of the radiolabel had been excreted in the urine (25%) and feces (65%); 7% was recovered in the animal. As the dose was increased from 0.5 to 50 mg/kg, the percentage of the dose excreted in urine increased twofold. In distribution studies, a major portion of the iv dose accumulated in the intestinal tract due to the excretion of 71% of the administered radiolabel in bile. The liver, which is a primary target organ of BZ carcinogenicity in rats, contained a higher concentration of radiolabel than other tissues studied. A minimum of 17 urinary and/or biliary metabolites were separated by HPLC. The major metabolites were N -acetyl-BZ(ABZ), N,N′ -diacetyl-BZ(DABZ), BZ- N -glucuronide, ABZ-glucuronide, N -OH-DABZ glucuronide, 3-OH-DABZ glucuronide, and a glutathione conjugate of DABZ (3-GSH-DABZ). At low doses (0.5 to 5 mg/kg), 3-OH-DABZ glucuronide, 3-GSH-DABZ, and DABZ were the major urinary or biliary metabolites. However, at higher doses (50 mg/kg), N -OH-DABZ glucuronide, which was a minor metabolite at low doses, became a major urinary and biliary metabolite. Several urinary and biliary metabolites displayed significant mutagenicity in the Salmonella typhimurium (strain TA98)-liver S9-β-glucuronidase assay. However, N -OH-DABZ glucuronide exhibited a mutagenic potency 10× greater than the other urinary metabolites. Results of these studies demonstrate that BZ is rapidly metabolized via N -acetylation, N -hydroxylation, and aromatic hydroxylation to a variety of mutagenic metabolites which are excreted in urine or bile primarily as glucuronide and/or glutathione conjugates. The most potent mutagen studied was also a major urinary and biliary metabolite.
The Dynamics of Murder-Suicide in Domestic Situations

This paper explores dynamics involved in the commission of homicide followed by suicide. British and U.S. government and advocacy sources are used in addition to news accounts to examine this phenomenon. Domestic violence-related crimes are contrasted with elderly "altruistic" murder-suicide, school shootings, and political terrorism. Suicide is argued to be a primary motive in many domestic homicide situations. Limitation of the availability of firearms is seen as an important means of prevention in conjunction with a harm reduction safety plan. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
Experimental evaluation of systemic and coronary arterial pressure response associated with ligation of the internal mammary and subclavian arteries.

Abstract Ligation of the internal mammary artery in canine subjects was found to have an associated consistent rise in pressure of a varying magnitude in the proximal segment. The rise in pressure in the proximal segment of the ligated artery was transmitted from the parent vessel to its branch segments. The evoked pressure response, however, was not localized to the internal mammary-pericardiophrenic system but was a simultaneous generalized response recorded in both the systemic and coronary arterial systems. The nature of the pressure response suggested that the generalized rise in systemic and coronary arterial pressure following ligation of the systemic artery was due in part to neural and/or humoral factors. The significance of the above findings was briefly discussed.
Immunology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Childhood OCD often develops into a chronic illness that lasts decades. Proof that some type of immunotherapy (such as antibiotic prophylaxis) could significantly reduce recurrence or exacerbation of symptoms of OC or tics would suggest a supportive role for immune triggers in the onset or worsening of these conditions and provide additional tools for improving outcome. The validity of PANDAS will continue to be questioned, however,because demonstrating a clear causation will be difficult on a background ofa common childhood illness. Along with the previously mentioned immuno-therapy study, validation of the PANDAS phenotype (broadly interpreted)would be advanced from new and continued research in the following areas: (1) prospective studies to identify infectious triggers in the onset and exacerbations of OCD spectrum disorders, (2) biological measures for immune and genetic susceptibility, and (3) large scale epidemiological studies demonstrating the relationship between infection and OCD spectrum disorders. The assimilation of these study results should allow for elucidation of the immune system's role in the onset and maintenance of OCD.
Rigidity of generalized laplacians and some geometric applications

Every generalized laplacianL defined on a manifoldM determines a sheaf of “L-harmonic” sections namely the sheaf of local solutions ofLu = 0. We study the converse problem: to what extent this sheaf determines the operator. Our main result states that the sheaf ofL-harmonic sections determines the operator up to a conformal factor. Moreover, when the operator is a covariant laplacian and the dimension ofM is greater than 2, the sheaf determinesL up to a multiplicative constant. An interesting consequence is the following: if two Riemann metrics on a smooth manifold of dimension greater than 2 have the same sheaves of harmonic functions then they are homothetic.
The cultural policy of the Counter‐Reformation: the case of St. Peter’s

The Counter‐Reformation, or Catholic Renewal, provides an important example of how the arts – especially architecture, painting, and sculpture – were mobilized to serve the religious mission of the embattled Catholic Church. Mobilization is an apt word to describe the concerted effort to put artistic expression in tandem with theological belief. As an emotional stimulus for piety, religious imagery in support of doctrinal orthodoxy was welcome. The Council of Trent decreed that through works of art the faithful could be instructed in the articles of faith. This aesthetic ideology required the creation of images that would strengthen their beliefs and guide their emotions. Art was to have a pedagogical purpose by representing sacred doctrine and the Church’s aesthetic imprimatur was a necessary guarantee of doctrinal correctness. As such, counter‐reformatory aesthetics were a complement to the more general aspirations of the Catholic Renewal.
Glutamate secretion and NAD(P)H levels during calcium-dependent depolarization of slices of the dentate gyrus.

Summary Evidence from studies involving release, postsynaptic responses, inactivation, storage and synthesis etc. support the contention that glutamate may be the transmitter of the perforant input to the granule cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. In the present report the release of endogenous glutamate and the levels of reduced pyridine nucleotides (NAD(P)H) has been measured in parallel experiments on slices from the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. A Ca-dependent release of glutamate is evoked by tissue depolarization caused either with electrical field stimulation or with elevated KCl. Electrical stimulation induced a transient increase in tissue NAD(P)H levels, the increase being inhibited by approximately 50% during Ca-free conditions. KCl stimulation, on the other hand, produced a long-lasting decrease in NAD(P)H, the decrease being halved in the absence of Ca. A metabolic relation between stimulus secretion and energy utilization is discussed.
Refining Skill in Educational Gymnastics: Seeing Quality through Variety

(1999). Refining Skill in Educational Gymnastics: Seeing Quality through Variety. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 70, No. 3, pp. 43-48.
The chemotherapy of osteo-articular tuberculosis with recommendations for treatment of children

Summary Objective To review literature regarding osteo-articular tuberculosis (OATB) and make recommendations made for the chemotherapy of children. Methods Key words bone tuberculosis, joint tuberculosis, tuberculosis of the spine, tuberculous osteomyelitis were used to search Pubmed and further references obtained by cross referencing and searching the indices of known papers. Results were tabulated regarding regimens, treatment duration, treatment failure, death and relapse. Results Twenty one papers described treatment of OATB with isoniazid (INH), streptomycin and para-aminosalicylic acid in 2466 patients; 2.1% failed treatment, 1.3% died due to tuberculosis (TB), 2.2% relapsed. Seventy seven papers provide details of 2950 patients receiving INH, rifampicin (RMP) and pyrazinamide (PZA) based regimens. Fifteen described six months treatment which failed in 2.5%, no patients died and 1.3% of patients followed up relapsed. Sixteen papers described 6–11 months treatment which failed in 4.3% of patients, 0.86% died due to TB and 0.86% relapsed. Forty six papers described treatment for ≥12 months; treatment failed in 0.74% of patients and death due to TB occurred in 0.84% and 0.51% relapsed. Conclusions The majority of OATB cases in children (and adults) can be satisfactorily treated for 6 months with RMP and PZA based regimens; in spinal TB well documented cases of relapse and persistent signs of acute inflammatory response in some patients argue for caution with 6 month regimens at present. Dosages of INH (5–15 mg/kg), RMP (10–20 mg/kg), PZA (30–40 mg/kg), EMB (15–25 mg/kg) and SM (12–18 mg/kg) are recommended for treatment of children. Daily regimens are preferred.
Overview of comorbid associations of allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis affects approximately 20% of the U.S. population. An association between allergic rhinitis and conditions including asthma, sinusitis, otitis media, nasal polyposis, respiratory infections, and even orthodontic malocclusions has been observed. Clinical research has identified shared pathogenic mechanisms, epidemiologic correlations, and findings from allergy testing to indicate that these conditions represent long-term physical consequences in allergic individuals. The positive response of patients afflicted with these conditions to antiallergic treatment further enhances the association between allergic rhinitis and other airway diseases. The use of nasal corticosteroids in patients with rhinitis and asthma reduces not only rhinitis symptoms but also asthma symptoms and airway reactivity to methacholine challenge. Similarly, antihistamines, with or without decongestants, result in improvement of objective measurements of pulmonary function. In the treatment of acute sinusitis, the combination of an intranasal corticosteroid and an antibiotic provides greater benefit than an antibiotic alone. Treatment strategies for allergic rhinitis should be directed at controlling the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and reducing the development of physical complications in susceptible persons. Three techniques for the treatment of allergic rhinitis are used, including avoidance of offending allergens, selection of appropriate pharmaceuticals, and allergy immunotherapy. Appropriate treatment may spare some patients of related airway diseases and may also reduce the overall cost of care. The broadened scope of allergic rhinitis and increased prevalence of IgE-mediated diseases have heightened awareness regarding the profound consequences of allergic rhinitis and the importance of effective treatment.
Editorial—The Anna Karenina Bias: Which Variables to Observe?

The opening of Count Lev Nikolayevich (Leo) Tolstoy's novel inspired linguist, molecular physiologist and biogeographer Jared M. Diamond's eponym for the Anna Karenina principle (Diamond 1997). The principle suggests that no one property guarantees success but many guarantee failure. The Anna Karenina (TAK) bias is a logical consequence. TAK bias is more insidious than the kindred Survivor bias, which cautions that measured variables for passively observed survivors often differ from easily overlooked nonsurvivors. TAK bias, in contrast, cautions that the observed variables themselves might differ for survivors. The most revealing variables might exhibit negligible variation among survivors because survivors are necessarily alike. Perhaps variability is inversely related to the variable's importance for survival. TAK bias is more problematic for descriptive research, in contrast to normative (i.e., prescriptive) research, which seeks the true causal variables. Normative research only offers conditional aid to the decision maker on specific variables. To avoid TAK bias, we must not passively let accountants decide which variables we observe. We must actively collect data guided by predictions from deductive theory.
Controlled Alignment of Filamentous Supramolecular Assemblies of Biomolecules into Centimeter‐Scale Highly Ordered Patterns by Using Nature‐Inspired Magnetic Guidance

We took the advantage of the capability of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) being aligned along a magnetic field and reproducibly generated large scale bio-nanofiber assemblies with the orientation of the constituent bio-nanofibers defined by the applied magnetic field. When decorated by MNPs, bio-nanofibers could be guided by the external magnetic field to become oriented either horizontally or vertically, forming single- and multi-orientation layered assemblies.
Equilibrating dynamics in quenched Bose gases: Characterizing multiple time regimes

We address the physics of equilibration in ultracold atomic gases following a quench of the interaction parameter. Our work is based on a bath model which generates damping of the bosonic excitations. We illustrate this dissipative behavior through the momentum distribution of the excitations ${n}_{k}$, observing that larger $k$ modes have shorter relaxation times $\ensuremath{\tau}(k)$; they will equilibrate faster, as has been claimed in recent experimental work. We identify three time regimes. At short times ${n}_{k}$ exhibits oscillations; these are damped out at intermediate times where the system appears to be in a false or slowly converging equilibrium. Finally, at longer times, full equilibration occurs. This false equilibrium is, importantly, associated with the $k$ dependence in $\ensuremath{\tau}(k)$ and has implications for experiment.
A parallel search game

We answer in negative a question of Gal and Miltersen [Proc 30th Int Coll Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP) 2003, pp. 332–344] about a combinatorial game arising in the study of time-space trade-offs for data structures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2005
When does corporate venture capital investment create firm value

Abstract Over the past decade, billions of dollars have been invested by established companies in entrepreneurial ventures—what is often referred to as corporate venture capital. Yet, there is little systematic evidence that corporate venture capital investment creates value to investing firms. Scholars have suggested that established firms face underlying challenges when investing corporate venture capital. Namely, structural deficiencies inherent in corporate venture capital may inhibit financial gains. However, firm value may still be created as a result of other benefits from investing—primarily providing a window onto novel technology. In this paper, we propose that corporate venture capital investment will create greater firm value when firms explicitly pursue corporate venture capital to harness novel technology. Using a panel of CVC investments, we present evidence consistent with our proposition. The findings are robust to various specifications and remain unchanged even after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity in investing firms. Our results have important implications for corporate venture capital in particular, and technology strategy in general.
Antiretroviral therapy initiation before, during, or after pregnancy in HIV-1-infected women: maternal virologic, immunologic, and clinical response.

Background Pregnancy has been associated with a decreased risk of HIV disease progression in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. The effect of timing of HAART initiation relative to pregnancy on maternal virologic, immunologic and clinical outcomes has not been assessed. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 1997–2005 among 112 pregnant HIV-infected women who started HAART before (N = 12), during (N = 70) or after pregnancy (N = 30). Results Women initiating HAART before pregnancy had lower CD4+ nadir and higher baseline HIV-1 RNA. Women initiating HAART after pregnancy were more likely to receive triple-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Multivariable analyses adjusted for baseline CD4+ lymphocytes, baseline HIV-1 RNA, age, race, CD4+ lymphocyte count nadir, history of ADE, prior use of non-HAART ART, type of HAART regimen, prior pregnancies, and date of HAART start. In these models, women initiating HAART during pregnancy had better 6-month HIV-1 RNA and CD4+ changes than those initiating HAART after pregnancy (−0.35 vs. 0.10 log10 copies/mL, P = 0.03 and 183.8 vs. −70.8 cells/mm3, P = 0.03, respectively) but similar to those initiating HAART before pregnancy (−0.32 log10 copies/mL, P = 0.96 and 155.8 cells/mm3, P = 0.81, respectively). There were 3 (25%) AIDS-defining events or deaths in women initiating HAART before pregnancy, 3 (4%) in those initiating HAART during pregnancy, and 5 (17%) in those initiating after pregnancy (P = 0.01). There were no statistical differences in rates of HIV disease progression between groups. Conclusions HAART initiation during pregnancy was associated with better immunologic and virologic responses than initiation after pregnancy.
Potential role of ascorbate oxidase as a plant defense protein against insect herbivory

Ascorbic acid is essential for both nutritive and antioxidant functions in phytophagous insects; however, maintaining sufficient quantities of reduced ascorbate may be problematical for them. In this investigation, we show that the plant enzyme ascorbate oxidase retains activity in the digestive system of the herbivoreHelicoverpa zea. High levels of the enzyme are present in several host plants ofH. zea, including cotton, tomato, soybean, crimson clover, and vetch. The enzyme oxidizesL-ascorbic acid to dehydro-L-ascorbic acid, a potentially toxic product. The oxidation of ascorbic acid also produces active oxygen species such as the highly reactive hydroxyl radical. The nutritional quality of protein for larvalH. zea was significantly reduced by treatment with ascorbate and ascorbate oxidase. Oxidative damage to the protein was indicated by decreased lysine content, increased carbonyl formation, and the occurrence of protein fragmentation and polymerization. Furthermore, the oxidative loss of ascorbate in the herbivore's digestive system prevents ascorbate from functioning as an important antioxidant against a plethora of dietary prooxidants.
Metropolitan migration and labor market changes by industry.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze gross metropolitan migration of persons employed in selected two-digit industries. An empirically testable model was developed for migration, employment change, and earnings change and implemented using data from the Social Security Administration's ten percent Continuous Work History Sample. The results showed that a significant percentage of the migration flows can be explained by the variables in the model, and notes differences across industries. Specifically, differences in cyclic and structural economic variables are noted in terms of their importance across the specified industries. The public policy implications of these results are identified.
Factor Allocations Under Uncertainty: An Extension

In this paper the factor supply results of Leland. Sandmo and Block and Heineke are generalized to include the case of a household making a joint savings-labor supply decision when the returns to each factor are uncertain.
Sinusoidal voltage modulation of a copper rotating disk electrode

Abstract An experimental and theoretical study has been made of the sinusoidal potential modulation of a copper rotating disk electrode in acidic copper sulfate solution. The mathematical model takes into account the fluctuations of the surface concentration, the effect of the double capacitance, the surface overpotential, and the ohmic resistance in the electrolyte. Numerical computations were performed to show the effect of alternating voltage (av) on the shape of direct current polarization curves, the changes in the apparent rest potential, the apparent exchange current density and the apparent Tafel slopes. The agreement between the theory and the experiment was within ±15%. At sufficiently high av frequencies, the model can be further used to predict the av modulation of a rotating hemispherical electrode.
Variation for 2n pollen production in clones of Solanum phureja Juz. and Buk.

Frequency of unreduced pollen grains was estimated for five genotypes of Solanum phureja (2n=24) growing in three environments; (E1) cool (7.2–13.3°C) and (E2) warm (12.2–17.2°C) growth chambers and (E3) field conditions. Highly variable frequencies were found, with genotype, environment, and genotype x environment interaction as significant components of variance. The frequency of unreduced gametes for two additional genotypes was studied over time in two growth chamber environments (cool and warm). One genotype, characterized by mostly fused spindles at the second meiotic division, expressed a high frequency of big pollen (BP) in both environments, whereas the second, characterized by fused, parallel and tripolar second division spindless was found to increase in BP frequency over time in the cool chamber, but remained consistently low in the warm chamber. The identification of specific environmental components with general effect on the expression of un-reduced gametes is not possible because of the large genotype x environment interaction component of variance. A genetic hypothesis based on incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity of a dominant gene is presented as an alternative to the currently accepted theory of control of parallel spindles by a single recessive gene.
Correlates of body image dissatisfaction in treatment-seeking men and women with binge eating disorder

Objective: We examined body image dissatisfaction (BID) in patients with binge eating disorder (BED). Method: Six predictors were considered in 343 consecutive treatment-seeking BED patients (76 men, 267 women): body mass index (BMI), age onset of overweight childhood teasing about weight or size childhood teasing about general appearance, depression, and self-esteem. Results: Women reported higher BID than men. In women, depression, self-esteem, and childhood teasing about weight or size jointly accounted for 28.4% of the variance in BID. In men, depression, self-esteem, and BMI jointly accounted for 47.4% of the variance in BID. Discussion: Findings highlight gender differences and the importance of adult psychological functioning (depression and self-esteem) for predicting BID in treatment-seeking men and women with BED. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Drop penetration into a thin porous medium

Abstract A thermodynamic analysis of the penetration of a drop into a thin porous medium is presented. It is shown that the thinness of the porous medium and the finite size of the drop play an important role in the phenomenology of penetration. In particular, a new equilibrium state is revealed in relationship with basal penetration, which is the situation where the liquid penetrates just beneath the base of the drop. The basal penetration equilibrium may be stable or metastable, depending on the parameters of the system. “Phase diagrams” are presented and show the regions of complete penetration, basal penetration, and no penetration as a function of the true contact angle and the thickness of the porous medium relative to the drop size. The existence of the basal penetration equilibrium is shown to be sensitive to the relative thickness of the medium. For very thin media, it may entirely replace the mode of complete penetration. In addition, a saddle point in the free energy surface of the system, which corresponds to the initial stage of penetration, is revealed. This observation implies that initially the driving force for penetration is low and the process is expected to be slow.
Microhistory and the Histories of Everyday Life

ABSTRACTThis article examines microhistories and the histories of the everyday both in the context of developments in social and cultural history since the 1960s, and in the light of political and social change in post-war European society. Moving beyond debates about historical narrative, it emphasizes issues of perspective, space, size and historical distance in shaping historical interpretation. This historiographical trend, it argues, emanates from two major debates within the social sciences and politics. One concerns the nature of everyday life under modern capitalism and ‘consumer society’, the other the vexed issue of human agency. Focusing particularly on Italian microstoria, it argues that such writing is best understood as the commitment to a humanist agenda which places agency and historical meaning in the realm of day-to-day transactions, and which sees their recuperation as the proper task of the historian.
Contradictions and skepticism: How Egyptian students view the peace process

This study reports the results of a survey conducted in January, 1980, at Cairo University where 131 seniors in political science expressed some salient attitudes towards the peace process. Israel was perceived by about one‐fourth of the sample as an enemy who is not taking serious positive steps to resolve the Arab‐Israeli conflict, especially the issue of Palestinian autonomy. Yet, almost as many respondents indicated a desire to visit Israel as a refusal to do so on the grounds Israel was an enemy. The treaty between Egypt and Israel was perceived as a message to the United States that Egypt seeks greater cooperation with it. Attitudes towards Arabism and Arab governments were mixed. The majority favored Arabism and felt positively about Arab capabilities vis a vis Israel. However, Arab governments were negatively perceived. Favorable attitudes towards the US were disclosed; they were linked to its role in the resolution of the Arab‐Israeli conflict. By contrast, strongly unfavorable attitudes towards ...
Thread warping: a framework for dynamic synthesis of thread accelerators

We present a dynamic optimization technique, thread warping, that uses a single processor on a multiprocessor system to dynamically synthesize threads into custom accelerator circuits on FPGAs (field-programmable gate arrays). Building on dynamic synthesis for single-processor single-thread systems, known as warp processing, thread warping improves performances of multiprocessor systems by speeding up individual threads and by allowing more threads to execute concurrently. Furthermore, thread warping maintains the important separation of function from architecture, enabling portability of applications to architectures with different quantities of microprocessors and FPGA.an advantage not shared by static compilation/synthesis approaches. We introduce a framework of architecture, CAD tools, and operating system that together support thread warping. We summarize experiments on an extensive architectural simulation framework we developed, showing application speedups of 4x to 502x, averaging 130x compared to a multiprocessor system having four ARM11 microprocessors, for eight benchmark applications. Even compared to a 64-processor system, thread warping achieves 11x speedup.
Expression and Localization of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor in the Female Mouse Reproductive Tract

The presence of the LH receptor (LHR) in nongonadal tissues of the reproductive tract has been reported, but localization studies have not been performed. Our objectives were to demonstrate the presence of LHR in the reproductive tract and to localize receptor expression. Reproductive age rats and mice were obtained and 125 I-hCG binding assays were performed on membrane preparations from the uterus, ovary, liver, and testis. In situ hybridizations were performed using 35 S-labeled antisense and sense RNA probes prepared from nucleotides 1‐591 of the mouse LHR cDNA. Specific hCG binding was detected in membrane preparations from the ovary, uterus, and testis but not in the liver in both the rat and mouse. In the ovary, LHR mRNA was localized in theca cells, large follicles, and corpora lutea as expected. In the uterus, LHR mRNA was expressed in stromal cells of the endometrium and in the uterine serosa. Uterine smooth muscle cells had low levels of expression, and the endometrial epithelium was negative. In the oviduct, high levels of LHR expression were noted on the serosa and in subepithelial cells. Oviductal smooth muscle had low expression, and the epithelium was negative. We conclude that functional, nongonadal LHR are expressed in the mouse reproductive tract. The presence and localization of LHR expression in the mouse reproductive tract lay the foundation for transgenic models to address the physiologic role of these receptors. fallopian tubes, female reproductive tract, hormone action, LH,
Boosting Metabolism by Sweetening the Gut

Dietary fiber has beneficial effects on body weight and blood glucose control, but how fiber works to promote health remains unclear. Now, De Vadder et al. report that dietary fiber improves several aspects of metabolism through chemical signaling of the gut microbiota. Soluble dietary fibers, such as galacto-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccarides (FOS), are readily used by intestinal bacteria and converted to the short-chain fatty acids, acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Propionate, butyrate, and FOS are known to increase glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and to prevent rats from becoming overweight. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not well understood. De Vadder et al. show that rats fed propionate, butyrate, and FOS had increased production of glucose in the gut due to up-regulation of intestinal gluconeogenesis genes. Whereas butyrate could directly up-regulate genes, a neural circuit involving periportal nerve fibers, the propionate receptor (FFAR3), and discrete areas in the brainstem and spinal cord, was required for up-regulation by propionate. Using genetically modified mice, the authors show that the metabolic benefits caused by propionate, butyrate, and FOS only occurred in animals with normal intestinal gluconeogenesis genes. They conclude that intestinal gluconeogenesis genes are necessary for the beneficial metabolic effects of short-chain fatty acids and FOS. Last, the authors demonstrate that feeding FOS to mice with or without defects in intestinal gluconeogenesis genes resulted in pronounced alterations in the gut microbiota, with decreases in Firmicutes and increases in Bacteroidetes. As expected, the altered microbiota was associated with increases in short-chain fatty acids in portal and peripheral blood of both strains of mice. The study by De Vadder et al . is important because it reveals a remarkable complexity in microbiota-host interactions and also provides new targets for therapeutic intervention for obesity and type II diabetes. F. De Vadder et al. , Microbiota-generated metabolites promote metabolic benefits via gut-brain neural circuits. Cell 156 , 84 (2014). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009286741301550X
Inflammatory pseudotumor of the terminal ileum mimicking malignancy in a patient with Behçet's disease. CT and pathological findings.

Behcet's disease is an idiopathic, recurrent multisystem syndrome characterized by oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, and ocular inflammation. Small bowel involvement may occur in 1% of patients with aphthous ulceration which may mimic Crohn's disease. We report a case of a patient with Behcet's disease with small bowel pathology which simulated a mass and at surgery was an inflammatory pseudotumor. Inflammatory pseudotumors can be mistaken for a malignancy as was the case in this patient.
State estimation in optical system alignment using monochromatic beam imaging

Automated alignment of optical systems saves the time and energy needed for manual alignment and is required in cases where manual intervention is impossible. This research discusses the state estimation of the misalignment of a reimaging system using a focal plane sensor. We control two moving lenses to achieve high precision alignments by feeding back state estimates calculated from images from a CCD camera. We perform a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on a simulated data set. The monochromatic images are decoupled into Karhunen- Loeve (KL) modes, which are used as the measurement in state estimation. An Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to estimate the misalignment of the optical components, and we describe a closed-loop control system with monochromatic beam to demonstrate the performance of the state estimation process. The state and measurement residuals converge with the Kalman observer. The automated alignment technique can be extended to reconfigurable systems with multiple lenses and other optical components.
Weighted Sobolev spaces with applications to singular nonlinear boundary value problems

Abstract Variational methods are used in a weighted Sobolev space to prove the existence of solutions for a certain class of singular nonlinear ordinary differential equations.
Experimental demonstrations for teaching electromagnetic fields and energy

The MIT course 'electromagnetic fields and energy' is the first of a two-course sequence which typically includes electrical engineering juniors who have seen Maxwell's equations in integral and differential form in freshman physics, with some exposure to integral theorems and differential operators in freshman calculus. The course simplifies Maxwell's equations into their electroquasistatic (EQS) and magnetoquasistatic (MQS) forms and takes a structured approach giving a physical overview while developing mathematical skills to solve engineering problems. The authors focus on the educational approach used in the first course. >
A core-particle model for periodically focused ion beams with intense space-charge

A core-particle (CP) model is derived to analyze transverse orbits of test-particles evolving in the presence of a core ion beam that has uniform density within an elliptical cross-section. The model can be applied to both quadrupole and solenoidal focused beams in periodic or aperiodic lattices. Efficient analytical descriptions of electrostatic space-charge fields external to the beam core are derived to simplify model equations. Image-charge effects are analyzed for an elliptical beam centered in a round, conducting pipe to estimate model corrections resulting from image-charge nonlinearities. Transformations are employed in diagnostics to remove coherent flutter motion associated with oscillations of the ion beam core due to rapidly varying, linear applied-focusing forces. Diagnostics for particle trajectories, Poincare phase-space projections, and single-particle emittances based on these transformations better illustrate the effects of nonlinear forces acting on particles evolving outside the core. A numerical code has been written based on this model. Example applications illustrate model characteristics. The CP model described has recently been applied to identify physical processes leading to space-charge transport limits for an rms-envelope matched beam in a periodic quadrupole focusing-channel [S.M. Lund, S.R. Chawla, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 561 (2006) 203]. Further characteristics of these processes are presented here.
Theory of the photon-drag effect in simple metals

We derive and evaluate a quantum mechanical, self-consistent field theory of the photon-drag effect in simple metals. The calculation of the induced voltage across a flat surface illuminated with light is based on a scheme that allows the separate treatment of contributions that depend on bulk or surface response properties. The microscopic theory uses the time-dependent local density-functional approach in a numerical formulation similar to that for second harmonic generation, but incorporates finite damping. The results show a considerable sensitivity to the surface behavior of the responding electrons, with the strength of the surface contribution increased by two orders of magnitude compared to an earlier hydrodynamic estimate.
Classified vector quantisation using principal components

The authors describe a novel classified vector quantisation technique that uses a principal component-based classifier. Each non-shade class is associated with a vector representing the largest principal component of the training vectors for that class. The technique works directly in the spatial domain without any preprocessing and achieves good perceptual quality and edge integrity at bit rates well below 1 bit/pixel with reduced coding complexity.
Fitting In Tips for Promoting Acceptance and Friendships for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders in Inclusive Classrooms

In order for students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to find acceptance and to develop friendships similar to those of their typical peers, they must be provided with the opportunities to do ...