cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Telehealth in Anesthesia, an Update

Telemedicine is the remote delivery of healthcare services through audio-visual telecommunication systems. Telehealth expands this definition to include other technologies to enhance care, such as artificial intelligence, wearable technologies, and alternative innovative strategies. Telehealth promises many benefits, and the market for these services is expanding worldwide. While anesthesia staff have pioneered telehealth programs in a handful of settings, proper technical equipment, training, and modification of medical licensure and reimbursement policy are necessary to expand telehealth in the practice of Anesthesiology.
Reassessing the Hydrocarbon Potential of Bornu Basin through Electrofacies and Depositional Environment Analysis

Hydrocarbon potential of the Borno Basin through Electrofacies and depositional environment analysis was carried out from well log and seismic reflection data to reassess the potential of the Basin thereby justifying the huge financial commitment of the Government. The reflection configuration pattern from the seismic reflection lines is characterized by variation from parallel, continuous and strong amplitude to sub parallel, chaotic discontinuous and low amplitude which indicate a variation from a low energy basinal setting of uniform rate of continental deposition to high energy environment of monolithologic deposits. Furthermore, the derivable log signatures shows a variation from serrated mud/sand to serrated blocky to serrated funnel and bell shapes with depth. This imply a stable massive mud/sand rich basinwide environment to an upward regressive sequence of bar deposit followed by a deltaic estuarine clastic sediment to gradual upward transgressive decrease in grain size to a fluvial point bar deposit. These environments identified from the research are known to be hydrocarbon province.
Laboratory Method for Evaluating the Secondary Hazard Potential of Avicides and Rodenticides to Nontarget Birds and Mammals

A method was developed to determine the secondary hazard potential of avicides and rodenticides to nontarget wild or domestic birds and mammals. Evaluation of this hazard is not adequately covered by existing American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards. Our report describes a laboratory method which may be used. Criteria for selection of nontarget test species and minimum laboratory maintenance requirements and conditioning are discussed. The test includes a pretreatment period during which the test animals are conditioned to feed upon the target species, a 7-day treatment period during which test animals are fed target species killed with the test pesticide as applied in the field, and a 14-day post-treatment period during which test animals are observed for signs of intoxication. All test animals undergo necropsy at death or, for survivors, at the end of the post-treatment period. Selected tissues are sectioned and histopathological effects are determined. This method has been used in twelve tests of four avicides on six species of birds and mammals.
Complex Systems: The Interplay of Organizations and Markets in Contemporary Society

This is the keynote address at the annual Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems Conference, July 2000. In this keynote, the nature of organizations and markets as complex systems is discussed.
Resistance, Resolve and Rights: The United States and the Effectiveness of Compellent Threats

Why has the United States struggled to coerce weak states like Serbia, Iraq and Libya with compellent threats? This paper draws on game theoretic logic on costly signaling to argue that issuing and executing military threats is not costly for the United States. Consequently, the willingness to issue and to execute a compellent threat is not an informative signal of the United States’ motivation to defeat a stubbornly resistant opponent. The United States’ status as unipole permits it to issue military threats in most regions around the world without risk. The United States has also developed a war-fighting model that minimizes the human, political, and economic costs of conducting military operations. Changes in norms about the rights of individuals have helped to spur this drive to minimize the costs of fighting. By eliminating conscription and relying increasingly on private military contractors, remaking the post-Cold War military according to the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) thesis, emphasizing operations that rely on airpower to reduce U.S. casualties, paying for military operations with deficit spending, and actively minimizing the collateral damage inflicted on target states, the United States has lowered its costs for employing force. These cost-reducing strategies also undermine the effectiveness of U.S. compellent threats, however, because they signal to target states that the United States lacks the motivation to defeat a stubbornly resistant opponent.
DETERMINANTS OF ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY OF RAIN-FED RICE PRODUCTION IN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

This paper analyzed the determinants of allocative efficiency of rainfed rice production in Taraba State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 234 rain-fed rice farmers through multi-stage random sampling. Stochastic frontier cost function was employed to analyse the data. Majority (82%) of the respondents were males, 84% of them were in their active ages (21-50 years), 89% had one form of formal education or the other, 64% have farmed for more than five years and about 85% were small scale holders. The diagnostic statistics, gamma (0.84) and sigma squared (0.03), were statistically significant at 1% probability level. The result further revealed that cost of herbicide, seed and family labour were significant at 1% level, while cost of hired labour and ploughing were significant at 5% level. The mean allocative efficiency (AE) was 0.69.. The analysis also showed that education and farming experience were the major determinants of allocative efficiency among the respondents. Government should enhance farmers’ education levels through the establishment of functional literacy classes to improve their allocative efficiency.
BACKREST AND HEAD RESTRAINT DESIGN FOR REAR-END COLLISION PROTECTION

A SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED TO EVALUATE THE RELATIVE PROTECTIVE MERITS AND THE PRACTICALITY OF VARIOUS SEAT DESIGNS WITH RESPECT TO THE MANY VARIABLES COMMON TO REAR-END COLLISIONS IN THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS: (1) BACKGROUND REVIEWS FOUR EARLIER STUDIES. (2) FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT DESCRIBES THE UCLA-ITTE FIELD STATION FOR COLLISION RESEARCH. (3) EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE REVIEWS THE IMPACT SPEEDS, TYPES OF DUMMIES, AND SEAT BACK HEIGHTS USED IN THE TWELVE COLLISIONS OF THE EXPERIMENT. (4) METHODOLOGY DISCUSSES THE STANDARDIZED EXPERIMENTATION PROCEDURES (IMPACT CONFIGURATIONS, DIRECTIONAL HEADING OF COLLIDING CARS, DIRECTIONAL CONTROL OF THE APPROACHING STRIKING VEHICLE, AND SPEED CONTROL) AND THE SPECIAL TECHNIQUES PECULIAR TO THIS COLLISION SERIES (MODIFICATION OF SEAT ARRANGEMENTS, BODY REVISIONS, HUMAN SIMULATION WITH ANTHROPOMORPHIC DUMMIES, DUMMY SIZE TO SEAT BACK HEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS, AND OCCUPANT ASSIGNMENTS). (5) INSTRUMENTATION DESCRIBES THE MEANS BY WHICH VARIOUS DATA WERE COLLECTED: HIGH SPEED MOTION PICTURE CAMERAS TO RECORD VEHICLE COLLISION DYNAMICS AND PASSENGER KINEMATICS; ELECTRICAL ACCELEROMETERS; SEAT BELT TENSIOMETERS TO MEASURE BELT LOADS; FIFTH WHEEL TO ASSURE ACCURATE IMPACT VELOCITY; REFERENCE TARGETS TO PROVIDE PRECISION PHOTOGRAPHIC REFERENCES FOR MICROMOTION ANALYSIS; AND, A RECORDING OSCILLOGRAPH FOR AMPLITUDE-TIME RECORDS OF TRANSDUCER SIGNALS; ETC. SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE INSTRUMENTS ARE INCLUDED. (6) ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS PRESENTS THE DATA COLLECTED IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: VEHICLE COLLISION PERFORMANCE, AND PEAK ACCELERATION; PASSENGER KINEMATICS AND PEAK ACCELERATIONS; WHIPLASH PROTECTION PROVIDED BY VARIOUS SEATBACK HEIGHTS AND STRENGTHS, AS WELL AS RELATED DESIGN INNOVATIONS; TRANSDUCER PATTERNS OF OCCUPANTS, VEHICLES, RESTRAINT SYSTEMS, HEAD RESTRAINTS, AND SEAT STRUCTURES, AND DESCRIPTION OF POST CRASH OBSERVATIONS. (7) EXPERIMENTS GIVE THE PARTICULARS OF EACH OF THE TWELVE COLLISIONS, A REPORT OF THE INJURIES SUSTAINED BY EACH PASSENGER, AND DATA ON THE CONDITION OF THE VEHICLES AND SEAT BACKS. (8) DISCUSSION PROVIDES DESIGN CRITERIA NEEDED BY THE AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURERS CONCERNED WITH PROVIDING SAFER SEAT DESIGNS IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: VEHICLE SEAT MODIFICATION, VEHICLE COLLISION PERFORMANCE, AND HEAD RESTRAINT PERFORMANCE. (9) CONCLUSIONS LIST FINDINGS WITH RESPECT TO METHODOLOGY, COLLISION PERFORMANCE, PASSENGER COMPARTMENT DESIGN, SEAT DESIGN, HEAD RESTRAINTS, OCCUPANT PROTECTION, ETC. APPENDICES: A IS REAR- END COLLISION TRANSDUCER DATA; B IS ANTHROPOMETRIC ADULT DUMMY SPECIFICATIONS. /SRIS/
Inducible Cyclooxygenase and Nitric Oxide Synthase

Publisher Summary Prostaglandin H synthase or cyclooxygenase (COX) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are distinct enzymes encoded by different genes. Their enzymatic mechanisms and kinetics as well as products are entirely different. However, they share certain biochemical and molecular characteristics. Both enzymes are hemeproteins and, in their native state, are homodimers and posses bifunctional catalytic activities. A most intriguing similarity is that both enzymes consist of constitutive and inducible isoforms. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) catalyzes the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrullinea and nitric oxide (NO), which possesses diverse activities and is considered to play an important role in many physiological functions and pathological conditions. There are two separate pools of COX, which are proved to be because of isoforms of COX. It is found that phorbol ester inducible cDNA express a protein in COS cells that possessed COX activity. This isoform of COX (COX-2) is distinct from the classic COX (COX-1) in that it is highly inducible in many cells from different species. The COX-2 cDNA has been cloned from human, rat, mouse, and avian sources. As with COX, two major types of NOS have been identified: an inducible form (iNOS or NOS-2) and two constitutive forms (cNOS); that is, the neuronal cNOS (NOS-1) and endothelial cNOS (NOS-3). Cooperative and, under certain circumstances, synergistic actions by COX and NOS in promoting and maintaining key physiological functions (for example, COX-1 and NOS-3 in vascular function) and in eliciting major pathological conditions have important therapeutic implications.
Characterizing topological properties by real functions

This chapter discusses what completely regular space ( X ) can be characterized by the fact that some, or all, of the members of C(X) (collection of all continuous real-valued mappings defined on X) satisfy a given property. The requirement that X be completely regular is included to assure the existence of nonconstant members in C(X) . It is well known that some of the most interesting classes of spaces will provide answers to this question as it is true that (1) X is compact if each f ∈ C(X) is perfect; (2) X is countably compact if each f ∈ C(X) is closed and a priori; and (c) X is pseudocompact if each f ∈ C(X) is bounded. The chapter shows that this list can be extended to include the first countable spaces, locally compact spaces, and the spaces of point-countable type, which are a common generalization of both.
Excavating the Past: An Archaeology Simulation for the Elementary Classroom

Archaeology is a branch of anthropology that studies the material remains of past societies. Through the study of material remains archaeologists 1) obtain a chronology of the past, 2) reconstruct the many ways of life that no longer exist, and 3) give some understanding of why human culture has changed through time. The purpose of this article is to help educators explore and encourage the use of simulations and the teaching of archaeology related content and skills in the elementary classroom. More specifically, this article provides educators with a classroom tested, practical, cost effective and hands-on archaeology dig simulation lesson activity for elementary.
Myogenic and flow-dependent control mechanisms in the coronary microcirculation.

We have recently gained evidence that segmental coronary microvascular diameters, and therefore resistances, are controlled by myogenic and endothelial responses to pressure and flow. Furthermore, intact heart studies are demonstrating that these mechanisms may interact importantly with the metabolic mechanisms primarily governing coronary blood flow. Further studies utilizing measurement of segmental coronary microvascular diameters in isolated microvessels and in the beating heart may elucidate the nature of these interactions. Clinical studies may determine whether reversal of endothelial impairment in the diseased coronary microcirculation contributes to autoregulatory vasodilatation, increases resting myocardial perfusion, and increases the threshold for myocardial ischemia during exercise.
Light Front Treatment of Nuclei and Deep Inelastic Scattering

A light front treatment of the nuclear wave function is developed and applied, using the mean field approximation, to infinite nuclear matter. The nuclear mesons are shown to carry about a third of the nuclear plus momentum p +; but their momentum distribution has support only at p + = 0, and the mesons do not contribute to nuclear deep inelastic scattering. This zero mode effect occurs because the meson fields are independent of space-time position.
Pregnancy and Lactation Are Associated with Diminished Concentrations of Choline and Its Metabolites in Rat Liver

Choline is an important nutrient that is actively transported from mother to fetus across the placenta and from mother to infant across the mammary gland. Thus, pregnancy and lactation are times when dietary requirements for choline may be increased. Pregnant rats eating AIN-76A diet (with and without choline) for 6 d (d 12-18 gestation) were compared with nonmated female and male rats eating the same diets. Similarly, lactating rats were compared with nonmated female rats, both groups eating these same diets for 25 d (gestation d 12-postpartum d 15). We measured choline and choline metabolites in livers on the last day of feeding. Nonmated female rats, eating the control diet, had higher hepatic choline metabolites concentrations than did male rats (choline, 98%; betaine, 96%; and phosphorylcholine, 55% higher), pregnant rats (phosphorylcholine, 47%; and betaine, 42% higher) or lactating rats (phosphorylcholine, 49%; phosphatidylcholine, 37%; and betaine, 273% higher). We found that nonmated females eating a choline deficient diet had only a modest diminution (33%) of the labile choline metabolite PCho in liver, compared with similar rats eating a control diet. When compared with similar rats fed a choline-adequate diet, pregnant rats fed a choline-deficient diet had significantly great diminution of hepatic phosphorylcholine (83% lower) than did nonmated females. Liver phosphorylcholine was only 12% lower than in controls in nonmated females fed the deficient diet for the same 25-d period. Lactating rats were the most sensitive to choline deficiency, with liver phosphorylcholine 88% lower than in similar rats fed control diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Low Levels of RNase H Activity in Escherichia coli FB2 rnh Result from a Single-Base Change in the Structural Gene of RNase H

The DNA coding for RNase H from a mutant strain of Escherichia coli (FB2) was cloned into plasmid pBR322. DNA sequence analysis and the exchange of a portion of the mutant and wild-type genes revealed that a single-base alteration (C-->T) in the coding region of the structural gene for RNase H is responsible for the difference in RNase H activity of the wild-type and mutant cells.
Adaptive and robust control of a robot manipulator without acceleration measurements

An adaptive control scheme and a robust control scheme are introduced to exploit the structure of the robot manipulator equations. Lyapunov's second method is used to analyze the stability of the control schemes. The major aspects of the paper are that the control schemes do not require the measurement of acceleration. In the stability analysis, a slightly different Lyapunov function from the ones usually given in the literature is used. >
Wnt pathway activation increases hypoxia tolerance during development.

Adaptation to hypoxia, defined as a condition of inadequate oxygen supply, has enabled humans to successfully colonize high altitude regions. The mechanisms attempted by organisms to cope with short-term hypoxia include increased ATP production via anaerobic respiration and stabilization of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α). However, less is known about the means through which populations adapt to chronic hypoxia during the process of development within a life time or over generations. Here we show that signaling via the highly conserved Wnt pathway impacts the ability of Drosophila melanogaster to complete its life cycle under hypoxia. We identify this pathway through analyses of genome sequencing and gene expression of a Drosophila melanogaster population adapted over >180 generations to tolerate a concentration of 3.5–4% O2 in air. We then show that genetic activation of the Wnt canonical pathway leads to increased rates of adult eclosion in low O2. Our results indicate that a previously unsuspected major developmental pathway, Wnt, plays a significant role in hypoxia tolerance.
Comment on the use of doubled surfaces.

I comment on a recent paper of Nagao and in particular give a proof that a special type of homology basis used by Nagao and previous workers is not admitted by the complex double of any unorientable surface with a boundary. However, their final results are not invalidated by the modifications required by the use of a less restricted class of homology bases.
Teaching integrated behavioral health in a primary care clerkship.

Background: Most behavioral health care is actually delivered by primary care physicians. Primary care clerkship students have a unique opportunity to learn about behavioral health and the integrated care model. Integrated care is an effective multidisciplinary model for delivering high quality care.Purpose: Evaluate the efficacy of a brief curriculum in increasing students’ knowledge regarding common behavioral health issues.Methods: We designed an interactive, 90-minute curriculum to introduce students to the unique model of integrated care, and to build skills in addressing a number of common behavioral health issues. Each problem is presented from both the medical and behavioral perspective. We evaluated this intervention with a pre- and post-clerkship test assessing knowledge regarding behavioral health care.Results: There was significant improvement on the overall score and on seven of eight individual questions.Conclusions: This curriculum is an effective intervention for introducing integrated car...
Linda in context

How can a system that differs sharply from all currently fashionable approaches score any kind of success? Here's how.
Nitrosyliron(III) porphyrinates: porphyrin core conformation and FeNO geometry. Any correlation?

The synthesis, structural, and spectroscopic characterization of (nitrosyl)iron(III) porphyrinate complexes designed to have strongly nonplanar porphyrin core conformations is reported. The species have a nitrogen-donor axial ligand trans to the nitrosyl ligand and display planar as well as highly nonplanar porphyrin core conformations. The systems were designed to test the idea, expressly discussed for the heme protein nitrophorin (Roberts, et al. Biochemistry 2001, 40, 11327), that porphyrin core distortions could lead to an unexpected, bent geometry for the FeNO group. For [Fe(OETPP)(1-MeIm)(NO)]ClO4·C6H5Cl (H2OETPP = octaethyltetraphenylporphyrin), the porphyrin core is found to be severely saddled. However, this distortion has little or no effect on the geometric parameters of the coordination group: Fe−Np = 1.990(9) A, Fe−N(NO) = 1.650(2) A, Fe−N(L) = 1.983(2) A, and Fe−N−O = 177.0(3)°. For the complex [Fe(OEP)(2-MeHIm)(NO)]ClO4·0.5CH2Cl2 (H2OEP = octaethylporphyrin), there are two independent mole...
STRESS ON PRODUCTION ECONOMICS

This article was written at the invitation of the Editor of this journal. In earlier correspondence the point was made that the author had been "having second thoughts on the decline of some departments of agricultural economics which were of a more applied nature" and that "this year will mark a decade since the emergence of Earl Heady's massive tome", Economics of Agricultural Production and Resource Use, Prentice-Hall, Inc. New Jersey, 1952. The suggestion was made to the author "that perhaps you could review developments in the field of production economics since the birth of the Heady opus". Preferably, the article should be viewed as critical of certain developments in our profession, the origins of which extend back in history prior to the lives of any living person and horizontally in our society beyond the realms of production economics and, for that matter, far beyond the social science disciplines. The need is for criticism of a development and not for criticism of the people who participated in the development.
Hexene-1 isomerization catalyzed by alumina-supported osmium complexes derived from [Os3(CO)12]

Abstract Supported osmium catalysts were prepared by the reaction of [Os 3 (CO) 12 ] with the surface −OH groups of γ-Al 2 O 3 to form HOs 3 (CO) 10 OAl. The catalyst was initially active for hexene-1 isomerization at 120 °C and 1 atm; the activity decreased rapidly, becoming almost constant after 2 h on stream in a flow reactor. Infrared spectra of the catalyst indicated that the decline in activity was accompanied by a breakup of the initial supported clusters [HOs 3 (CO) 10 OAl ] and the formation of mononuclear Os(II) carbonyl complexes, which are evidently present in ensembles of three complexes. The isomerization reaction catalyzed by this stable form of the catalyst was inhibited strongly and reversibly by CO. Hydrogen in the reactant stream increased the rate of the isomerization reaction, and we infer that hydride ligands on the osmium played a role in increasing the catalytic activity.
The dynamic behaviour of a piezoelectric actuator bonded to an anisotropic elastic medium

Surface-bonded piezoelectric actuators can be used to generate elastic waves for monitoring damages of composite materials. This paper provides an analytical and numerical study to simulate wave propagation in an anisotropic medium induced by surface-bonded piezocermic actuators under high-frequency electric loads. Based on a one-dimensional actuator model, the dynamic load transfer between a piezoceramic actuator and an anisotropic elastic medium under in-plane mechanical and electrical loading is obtained. The wave propagation induced by the surface-bonded actuator is also studied in detail by using Fourier transform technique and solving the resulting integral equations in terms of the interfacial shear stress. Typical examples are provided to show effects of the geometry, the material combination, the loading frequency and the material anisotropy of the composite upon the load transfer and the resulting wave propagation.
STUDIES ON ANTIBODY RESPONSES FOLLOWING NEONATAL IMMUNIZATION WITH INFLUENZA HEMAGGLUTININ DNA OR PROTEIN

Neonatal mice have immature immune systems with defects in several components of inflammatory, innate, and specific immune responses and develop a preferential T helper type 2 response following immunization with many vaccine antigens. These studies were undertaken to determine whether 1-day-old neonatal mice immunized with plasmid DNA expressing influenza A/PR/8/34 hemagglutinin (H1) by either intramuscular (im) or gene gun (gg) inoculation were capable of generating humoral responses comparable to those in mice immunized as adults. The newborn mice developed stable, long-lived, protective anti-H1-specific IgG responses similar in titer to those of adult DNA-immunized mice. However, unlike the adult im and gg DNA immunizations, which develop polarized IgG2a and IgG1 responses, respectively, mice immunized as neonates developed a variety of IgG1, IgG2a, and mixed IgG1/IgG2a responses regardless of the inoculation method. Boosting increased but did not change these antibody profiles. In contrast to the DNA immunizations, inoculations of newborn mice with an A/PR/8/34 viral protein subunit preparation failed to elicit an antibody response. Temporal studies revealed that both responsiveness to protein vaccination and development of polarized patterns of T help following DNA immunization appeared by 2 weeks of age.
Depressed rates of origination and extinction during the late Paleozoic ice age: A new state for the global marine ecosystem

Rates of origination and extinction for marine animal genera dropped to low levels in latest Mississippian time, immediately after massive glaciers formed in the Southern Hemisphere and a second-order mass extinction occurred. Evolutionary turnover and diversity remained low for ∼50 m.y., shifting markedly upward precisely when extensive glaciation ended in Early Permian time. All diverse taxa with good fossil records experienced low rates of origination and extinction during this major ice age. Such sluggish rates would be predicted for faunas of shallow seas on or adjacent to a heavily glaciated supercontinent such as Pangea, where cool and highly seasonal thermal regimes should dictate that species have broad ecological niches, widespread geographic distributions, and large and relatively stable populations.
Angiocentric immunoproliferative lesions: a molecular analysis of eight cases.

Abstract Angiocentric immunoproliferative lesions (AILs) are believed to represent a unique type of extranodal malignant lymphoma on the basis of clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic evidence. However, molecular studies to assess clonality have been performed on a small number of cases. In this study we assessed the clonality of eight AILs using restriction fragment analysis, the Southern blot technique, and probes to assess the configuration of the T-cell receptor β, γ, and δ chain genes and the immunoglobulin heavy and K light chain genes. In addition, the presence of the Epstein-Barr (EB) viral genome was assessed by using both Southern blot analysis (seven cases) and polymerase chain reaction amplification (five cases). Our results demonstrate that gene rearrangements are rare in AILs. A clonal gene rearrangement was identified in only one case, a grade III AIL with a rearrangement of the T-cell receptor δ chain gene. In two additional AILs (both grade III), the EB viral genome was detected as a single band by Southern blot analysis with a probe derived from the terminal repeat region of the virus, suggesting that a single episomal configuration of the EB viral genome was present in each case, as would occur in a clonal population of infected cells. In the remaining cases there was no evidence of clonality, although EB sequences were detected in one of four cases using the polymerase chain reaction. The rarity or absence of gene rearrangements in AILs is difficult to explain if AILs are malignant, presumably monoclonal lymphomas. However, their frequent association sociation with the EB virus may suggest an analogy between AILs and lymphoproliferative disorders that occur in immunosuppressed patients. These findings further emphasize the unique clinicopathologic aspects of AILs and may also be useful diagnostically in the differential diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders.
Some Further Results on the Use of OLS and BLUS Residuals in Specification Error Tests

Abstract This paper considers the test RESET, which is a test for specification error in a linear regression model. It makes a modification in the test based on OLS residuals, and shows that the modified test is equivalent to a test based on BLUS residuals.
Interracial marriage and divorce in the state of Hawaii

(1966). Interracial marriage and divorce in the state of Hawaii. Eugenics Quarterly: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 40-47.
Combining social concepts: The role of causal reasoning

Abstract Four studies examined how people combine social concepts that have conflicting implications (e.g., Harvard-educated and carpenter). Several kinds of evidence indicated that such combinations are guided by causal reasoning that draws upon both causal relations contained within the constituent concepts and on broader world knowledge. Open-ended descriptions of members of combinations contained explicit causal descriptors, as. well as emergent attributes not used to describe members of constituents. Ratings of the likelihood that combination members possessed various attributes were not fully predicted by comparable ratings of constituents. Causal reasoning appeared to be most pervasive for combinations viewed as more surprising, suggesting that surprise may have triggered the generation of causal accounts.
An intensified event-detecting television system for astronomical speckle interferometry

A four-stage electrostatic image intensifier transfer lens coupled to a plumbicon television camera is used both as a photoelectron event-detecting system and as an analogue detector for the Steward speckle camera. The system is capable of continuous logging of photoelectron event data allowing 100 percent utilization of telescope aperture time by use of a Grinnell GMR-27 video digitizer and graphic television display with a special modification for lag-free event detection. Data can be processed on-line at the site or recorded for off-line processing using a standard analogue video recorder. A seeing-corrected reconstruction of the diffraction limited image derived from the speckle interferometric image autocorrelation computed from 200 television frames of the magnified image of a seventh magnitude close visual binary star observed with the Steward 2.3 meter telescope is reported. The system has been applied to speckle interferometry of objects as faint as visual magnitude 16.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effects of age and food restriction on calcium signaling in parotid acinar cells of Fischer 344 rats

In this study, we characterized α-adrenergic (αAR) and muscarinic induced [Ca2+]i changes in individual parotid acinar cells from male Fischer 344 rats (6–24 month-old) fed ad libitum (AL) or 60% ad libitum intake (FR). Cells were prepared by collagenase/hyaluronidase digestion. [Ca2+]i was measured by video image, fluorescent microscopy in single acinar cells loaded with FURA2. Neither age nor food restriction altered the peak [Ca2+]i achieved in response to carbachol (100 μM). Similar results were obtained for epinephrine (Epi=100 μM) stimulation in 6- and 12-month-old animals. However, the peak [Ca2+]i response to Epi declined between 12 and 18 months in both dietary groups (e.g., AL: 12 months=387±21 nM, 18 months=253±10 nM; FR: 12 months=430±22 nM, 18 months=325±14 nM). The decline in response to Epi seen with age was less in FR than in AL animals at 18 months, but not at 24 months. In addition, db cAMP reduced the carbachol-stimulated [Ca2+]i response to levels comparable to those observed with epinephrine. The results support the view that calcium mobilization in parotid acinar cells from male Fischer 344 rats in response to αAR, but not to muscarinic, stimulation is impaired with age. Food restriction may slow down, but does not prevent, the functional decline. Furthermore, cAMP appears to modulate the muscarinic response.
High-pressure liquid chromatographyic analysis of hydroxycinnamic acid—tartaric acid esters and their glucose esters in vitis vinifera☆

Abstract A high-pressure liquid chromatographic technique has been developed to separate and quantify the amount of monocaffeoyl, mono-p-coumaroyl-, and monoferuloyl-tartaric acid in grapes. The method features direct analysis of the grape juice with minimum sample preparation. The identity of the hydroxycinnamic acid—tartaric acid esters has been established through hydrolysis of the esters followed by gas—liquid chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography. The absence of chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids often reported in grapes has been substantiated. Evidence will be presented for the occurrence of an ester of caffeic acid—glucose—tartaric acid.
Concurrent Validity of the TONI-3:

The literature pertaining to intelligence assessment reveals an ongoing discussion about the areas of intelligence captured by nonverbal tests. To date, few studies have investigated the criterion ...
Simian foamy virus type 1 contains a second promoter located at the 3' end of the env gene

Abstract Simian foamy virus type 1 (SFV-1) is a member of a distinct subfamily of retroviruses that possess a complex genome organization as well as complex means of regulating gene expression. This virus encodes a transcriptional transactivator ( taf ) that dramatically increases gene expression directed by the viral long terminal repeat. In this report, the identification of a second promoter which is significantly transactivated by SFV-1 Taf is described. The second promoter is located at the 3′ end of SFV-1 env gene downstream from position 8158 (1 represents the first nucleotide sequence of the vital genome). Deletion analysis indicated that there are at least two targets for Taf in the internal promoter. A time-course analysis of SFV-1 gene expression showed that the messages for the regulatory genes were generated prior to the transcription of the structural proteins. Therefore, SFV-1 replication may be regulated by mechanisms that involve a temporal pattern of gene expression. The potential role of the internal promoter in SFV-1 gene expression and replication is discussed.
Using Decision Analysis To Better Evaluate Pediatric Clinical Guidelines

Although systematic and explicit, existing evidentiary criteria for clinical guidelines tend to use study design as a surrogate for evidence quality. Moreover, they do not independently characterize evidence quality and net benefits and do not systematically evaluate research needs. Decision analysis, which quantifies the range of potential net benefits based on whatever evidence is available, can augment traditional frameworks. It is particularly useful for pediatric research, where randomized controlled trials are often unavailable and infeasible. Policymakers should incorporate decision analysis into comparative effectiveness research and clinical guidelines.
Adenocarcinoma of the Breast Metastatic to Benign Ovarian Fibroma

An elderly woman presenting with a perforated benign gastric peptic ulcer was found to have widespread dissemination of breast carcinoma. Several small discrete metastases were present within a large benign ovarian fibroma. The rare phenomenon of tumor-to-tumor metastasis is discussed in the context of ovarian pathology.
Disassembly of Nanodiscs with Cholate

Nanodiscs are protein−lipid particles that furnish a nanometer-sized membrane environment for the investigation of membrane proteins. Nanodiscs assemble spontaneously upon the removal of cholate from an initial mixture of cholate, lipids, and engineered amphipathic proteins. A combined experimental-computational approach is applied here to study the disassembly of nanodiscs through the addition of cholate to preformed particles. For this purpose, small-angle X-ray scattering experiments and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were performed and compared. The study offers a detailed view of nanodisc dynamics.
Remote sensing of tidal chlorophyll-a variations in estuaries

Abstract Simultaneous acquisition of surface chlorophyll-a concentrations for 39 samples from boats and Daedalus 1260 Multispectral Scanner data from a U-2 aircraft was conducted in the northern reaches of San Francisco Bay on 28 August 1980. These data were used to develop regression models for predicting surface chlorophyll-a concentrations over the study area for ebb-tide (8.40 a.m. P.D.T. (Pacific Daylight Time)) and flood-tide (3.10 p.m. P.D.T.) conditions. After selection of a single ‘best fitting’ model for both morning and afternoon data sets, the chlorophyll-a concentration was predicted for ebb and flood tide for the entire study area at approximately 40m × 40m resolution. The predicted spatial display of chlorophyll-a revealed a localized area of high phytoplankton biomass that has been inferred from field surveys and appears to be a common summer phenomenon. Knowledge of the distribution of phytoplankton and the location of this zone of high biomass is valuable in establishing management polic...
A review on solubility and polymerization of silica

Abstract A review of advances on solubility of amorphous silica in aqueous solutions has been made. Relevant literature on effects of temperature, pH, pressure and dissolved salt content on silica solubility has been discussed. Also reviewed is the research work on polymerization of amorphous silica over a range of pH, temperature, supersaturation and salinity conditions. The existing models for the polymerization rate are summarized and compared. The reports on reaction order and maximum polymerization rate have been contradictory. Lack of solubility and polymerization data at elevated temperature, pH and, especially, in solutions containing multi-component dissolved salts are found to limit advances in current understanding of silica behavior.
Characterization of the role of side-chain interactions in the binding of ligands to apo trp repressor: pH dependence studies

The pH dependence of the association of apo trp repressor with the series of ligands, tryptophan, tryptamine, indole propionic acid (IPA), and trans-beta-indole acrylic acid (IAA), has been studied using fluorescence titrations and isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC). The purpose of such a comparison of ligands and the pH dependency studies is to reveal the role played by the side-chain functional groups in the energetics of the binding of the ligands to the protein. We find that, whereas the binding of tryptamine and IPA have essentially no pH dependence between pH 6 and 10, the binding of tryptophan and IAA depends on pH. For IAA, the affinity drops between pH 6 and 10, consistent with a shift in pKa of some group on the protein from a value of pKa 7.4 to 7.9 upon binding of this ligand. The affinity of IAA also drops below pH 5, but shows saturable binding at pH 2-3, where the protein has previously been found to exist as a partially folded monomeric state. For tryptophan, the pH dependence data indicate that the equilibrium is complicated. We present a model to describe the data in which the alpha-ammonium group of tryptophan has its pKa shifted upward upon binding (i.e. preferential binding of the protonated form of this functional group) and in which the pKa of an unknown group on the protein also has its pKa increased.
Biochemical pharmacology and toxicology of 8-azaadenosine alone and in combination with 2'-deoxycoformycin (pentostatin)

Abstract The toxicology and metabolism of 8-azaadenosine (8-azaAdo) were examined both as a single agent and in combination with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 2′-deoxycoformycin (dCF). The LD10 (mice) for 8-azaAdo alone on a once daily for 5 days (q.d. × 5) schedule was 30mg·kg−1·day−1. When the animals were pretreated with 0.1 mg·kg−1·day−1 of dCF, the ld 10 dose was reduced to 10 mg·kg−1·day−1× 5. The major organ toxicity seen was hepatic. Bone marrow cellularity was only slightly altered at the ld 10 dose. 8-AzaAdo nucleotides were detected in the livers of treated mice as determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Further, after 2 hr of incubation, isolated rat hepatocytes accumulated 8-azaATP to levels of 2.2 μmoles/g of cells with 8-azaAdo (1 mM) alone and to 4.3 μmoles/g of cells when 8-azaAdo was used in combination with dCF (1 μg/ml). ATP levels decreased to below the limits of detection after 2 hr in cells treated with the combination. The replacement of cellular ATP by 8-azaATP may provide an explanation for the hepatotoxicity observed in the murine toxicology studies.
Scheduling algorithms for Elastic Mixed-Criticality tasks in multicore systems

The Elastic Mixed-Criticality (E-MC) task model and an Early-Release EDF (ER-EDF) scheduling algorithm have been studied to address the service interruption problem for low-criticality tasks in uniprocessor systems. In this paper, focusing on multicore systems, we first investigate the schedulability of E-MC tasks under partitioned-EDF (P-EDF) by considering various task-to-core mapping heuristics. Then, with and without task migrations being considered, we study both global and local early-release schemes. Compared to the state-of-the-art Global EDF-VD scheduler, the superior performance of the proposed schemes in terms of improving the service levels of low-criticality tasks is confirmed through extensive simulations.
A parallel algorithm for solving unfriendly beehive problems

Abstract This paper presents a general purpose algorithm for solving the Unfriendly Beehive Game. The proposed algorithm will utilize an artificial neural network to solve the problem. The neural network will use a simple partial differential (motion) equation expressed in terms of its natural constraints. Each constraint within the equation represents a simple connection to an artificial neuron. Each connection strength (or synaptic strength) is weighted by multiplicative constants and summed together. The result is an input that is adjusted in the direction that decreases the error or conflict. Using this information, the system derives a simple binary state output in an attempt to solve the puzzle. Given an overall time slot in which to resolve all conflicts, the system iteratively strives to arrive at the state of the global minimum. The proposed algorithm will be able to solve a variety of real-world problems, including: facility layouts for maximizing productivity and safety, classroom assignment for minimizing pupil conflict, crop and plant placement for maximizing yields, and chemical placement within shipping boxes to reduce the possibility of chemical interactions.
Research on psychopathology and addiction: treatment implications.

The relationship between psychopathology and addiction has long been discussed in the psychiatric literature, but only recently has this topic been the subject of formal research. Though few in number, recent studies on psychopathology and addiction have provided information that can be used to guide treatment decisions. Some of these studies will be discussed in this brief review, with the aim of demonstrating how research has been able to inform clinical decisions. One group of studies has shown that drug use can cause psychiatric disorders, and that stopping drugs can result in significant reductions in psychopathology. Some of the first such studies examined the relationship between depression and alcoholism. For example, Mendelson [l] evaluated psychiatric symptoms in alcoholics who were allowed to self-administer alcohol while living on an inpatient unit. He showed that levels of depression increased during the period of alcohol self-administration and decreased following abstinence. Other studies have shown that symptoms of depression are common among alcoholics at the beginning of treatment, but that most depressive symptoms disappear after 3-4 weeks of abstinence [2]. These studies are consistent with the impressions of many clinicians that much of the depression that is seen in alcoholics results from toxic effects of alcohol on the central nervous system. The treatment implication is that specific antidepressant therapy for alcoholics should be reserved until after depressive symptoms have been given the opportunity to
Mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells during homeostasis and after cytokine exposure.

We created parabiotic mice, joining ROSA26 and PeP3b animals, to study the trafficking of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from marrow to blood and their return to marrow. The transfer of HSCs was assayed by secondary marrow transplantation and was 1.0% to 2.5% after 3, 6, 8, and 12 weeks. Thus, HSC homeostasis is primarily maintained by the retention of stem cells derived from replication events within the marrow, not the homing and engraftment of HSCs from the circulation. Of interest, the phenotypes of marrow progenitors and granulocytes were similar to those for HSCs, implying that the marrow functions as an intact compartment where differentiating cells derive from endogenous HSC. In contrast, 50% of splenic granulocytes and progenitor cells derived from the parabiotic partner, suggesting splenic progenitor cells were in constant equilibrium with progenitors in blood. In additional studies, animals were exposed to granulocyte–colonystimulating factor (G-CSF) and stem cell factor at days 17 to 20 of parabiosis and were studied 3 weeks later; 10.1% of marrow HSCs derived from the parabiotic partner. These data imply that HSCs, mobilized to the blood in response to cytokine exposure, are destined to later return to marrow, an observation that supports the concept that the mobilized peripheral blood stem cells used in clinical transplantation function physiologically.
Super/rosy Lk-theories and classes of finite structures

Abstract We recover the essentials of þ-forking, rosiness and super-rosiness for certain amalgamation classes K, and thence of finite-variable theories of finite structures. This provides a foundation for a model-theoretic analysis of a natural extension of the “ L k -Canonization Problem” – the possibility of efficiently recovering finite models of T given a finite presentation of an L k -theory T. Some of this work is accomplished through different sorts of “transfer” theorem (of varying degrees of subtlety) to the first-order theory T lim of the direct limit. Our results include, to start with, a recovery of the basic technology of þ-independence (analogous to Onshuus (2006) [15] ) using a rather straightforward transfer. We also recover an analog of the “þ-Independence theorems” of Ealy and Onshuus (2007) [7] for amalgamation classes and their limits by showing how to transfer/lift an abstract independence relation on the amalgamation class to the limit theory T lim . We also work out an appropriate notion of Local Character for independence relations over classes finite structures, and we use this to verify that rosiness and super-rosiness-with-finite- U þ -ranks coincide in these amalgamation classes and their limit theories.
Political Nostalgia and Local Memory: The Kreuzberg of the 1980s in Contemporary German Film

This article analyzes two post-Wall German films, Gregor Schnitzler's Was tun, wenn's brennt? (2002) and Leander Hausmann's Herr Lehmann (2003) in the context of their staging of Kreuzberg, the southeastern section of former West Berlin. The article argues that the films engage in contradictory memory politics about the radical politics associated with the space of Kreuzberg in the 1980s. The radical politics of the time period are endowed with cinematic pleasure but are also discredited as immature. The narratives therefore focus on belated coming-of-age stories of male heroes. The essay argues that these memories are simultaneously reified and appropriated but also point to the lack of utopia in contemporary Germany. The article negotiates the films' local memory politics with the global production and circulation of contemporary cinema.
A field method for the determination of total nitrogen in plant tissue

Abstract While studying sward quality in Kenya, East Africa, we established a field laboratory for the determination of total nitrogen. Using Kjeldahl digestion procedures and an indophenol colorimetric method, we successfully analyzed over 900 plant and fecal samples while living in a tent camp. Variation from one digestion to the next was corrected for by using a grass standard with each digestion. Independent tests by other laboratories verified the accuracy of our methods.