cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proximal and distal control by pH of denitrification rate in a pasture soil

Abstract Soil pH can influence denitrification both proximally and distally. Proximal control by pH involves direct changes in denitrification reductase activity while distal control by pH involves changes in the denitrifier community, which is a key component affecting the denitrification rate. The current study separated the proximal and distal control by pH of the denitrification rate and of the relative proportion of two denitrification gas products (N2O and N2). The potential denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) was measured in the presence or absence of acetylene in three pasture soils differing in pH management in the field. The pH of these soils was further manipulated just before DEA measurement to determine the effect of short-term changes in pH. DEA was driven by the pH management in the field rather than by current pH resulting from short-term changes in pH. However, the N2O/(N2O + N2) ratio was driven by the effects of the current pH value on the kinetics of N2O production and reduction. The data suggest that even if the pH-induced changes in the structure of denitrifying community can control the absolute denitrification rate (distal control by pH), the community does not influence the proportion of denitrification products, which is regulated solely by the proximal control by pH.
A PANIC-PRONE PACK? THE BEHAVIOR OF EMERGING MARKET MUTUAL FUNDS

This paper explores the behavior of emerging market mutual funds using a novel database covering the holdings of individual funds over the period January 1996 to March 1999. An examination of individual crises shows that, on average, funds withdrew money one month prior to the events. The degree of herding among funds is statistically significant, but moderate. Herding is more widespread among open-ended funds than among closedend funds, but not more prevalent during crises than during tranquil times. Funds tend to follow momentum strategies, selling past losers and buying past winners, but their overall behavior is more complex than often suggested.
Autophagy induced by rapamycin and carbon-starvation have distinct proteome profiles in Aspergillus nidulans.

It is hypothesized that autophagy, a global catabolic pathway which is highly conserved from yeast to man, plays an important role in many bioprocesses. Though autophagy is known to be induced by either nutrient starvation or treatment with the drug rapamycin, it is not clear whether the two modes of induction have the same long-term impact in the cell, particularly in the biotechnologically important filamentous fungi. Here, we compare the overall proteomes from the carbon-starved (G−) and rapamycin treated (R+) model fungus Aspergillus nidulans. From about 1,100 visualized protein spots, we conservatively selected a total of 26 proteins with significant different expression. To highlight, increased levels of glucosidases and decreased levels of N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase were observed, suggesting degradation of the fungal cell wall as an alternate carbon source for both modes of induction. Cdc37 was reduced in expression while 14-3-3 ArtA was increased, implying regulation of polar growth, while also potentially regulating autophagy negatively via PKA or Tor. Other proteins included aspartate transaminase, tryptophan synthase B (TrpB), glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase (Nmt1), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldA). More interestingly, the majority of the identified proteins (16 of 26) were uniquely expressed in elevated levels in G−. A novel predicted protein from AN8223 which has no sequence homology to other organisms is also implicated to be involved in carbon-starvation. Thus, proteomic data here show that in A. nidulans, rapamycin-induced autophagy and carbon-starvation induced autophagy share some effectors for cell survival, but predominantly involve different long-term effectors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2705–2715. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incorporating EDA into the Rowan ECE curriculum

This paper describes the Electronic Design Automation (EDA) environment at Rowan University's College of Engineering. The courses are summarized and an evaluation of the environment is presented.
Simultaneous Measurements of Droplet Size, Velocity and Temperature of "In-flight" Droplets in a Spray Flow by using a Molecular Tagging Technique

() In the present study, a molecular tagging technique was developed to achieve simultaneous measurements of droplet size, flying velocity and temperature of “in-flight” droplets in a spray flow. Phosphorescent molecules, which can be turned into long-lasting glowing marks upon excitation by photons of appropriate wavelength, were premixed in the water droplets and served as the tracers for the quantitative flow measurements. A pulsed laser was used to ‘tag’ the phosphorescence tracer molecules, and the tagged phosphorescent molecules were imaged at two successive times within the phosphorescent lifetime of the tracer molecules. While the sizes of the water droplets were determined quantitatively based on the acquired droplet images with a predetermined scale ratio between the image plane and the object plane, the displacements of the water droplets between the two acquired images were used to estimate the flying/moving velocity of the droplets. The temperature of the “in-flight” water droplets were derived simultaneously by taking advantage of the temperature dependence of phosphorescence lifetime, which is estimated from the phosphorescence intensity ratio of the droplets in the two interrogations. The molecular tagging technique was used to examine the dynamic and thermodynamic behaviors of “inflight” micro-sized water droplets exhausted from a piezoelectric droplet generator. During the experiments, while the ambient temperature was kept constant at 22°C, the initial temperature of the water droplet was changed from 11°C to 18°C at the exit of the droplet generator. The temperature of the in-flight droplets were measured as a function of the initial tempetureature and the flying distance away from the exit of the droplet generator. The measured temperature data was compared with the theoretical analysis results quantatively to validate the measurement results.
Family CEOs A Feminist Analysis of Corporate Mothering Discourses

Women construct their identities amidst contradictory and competing societal expectations about career success and motherhood. Due to the enormous value society places on our organizational lives a...
Program animal welfare: Using behavioral and physiological measures to assess the well-being of animals used for education programs in zoos

Abstract This study investigates program animal welfare using both behavioral and physiological measures in two separate experiments. In Experiment One, we examined possible differences in behavior and fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) between education, exhibit and off-exhibit armadillos ( N =59) housed at 17 Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) accredited zoos. In Experiment Two, the specific effect of handling for education programs was investigated in an ABA study design using the same measures of welfare in armadillos ( N =10), hedgehogs ( N =12), and red-tailed hawks ( N =6) at 11 AZA institutions. Mixed model analysis revealed FGM and undesirable behaviors did not differ between groups in Experiment One (FGM [μg/g feces]: Median[Interquartile Range] education: 28.49[21.05-42.29], exhibit: 30.38[26.33–42.56], off-exhibit: 28.2[23.92–47]; F2, 46=0.55, p =0.58; undesirable behavior: Least Squares Mean% of time [SEM]: education: 24.95[14.52], exhibit: 9.09[4.16]; F1, 17=1.86, p =0.19). There was also no effect of handling specifically for education programs on measures of welfare in Experiment Two ( p >0.05 in all FGM and undesirable behavior models). However, the overall amount of handling that an animal experienced (for programs or for husbandry) was positively correlated with FGM in Experiment One (F1, 979=9.35, p =0.002) and in all species in Experiment Two (armadillos: F1, 286=5.69, p =0.02; hedgehogs: F1, 448=4.92, p =0.03; hawks: F1, 215=4.68, p =0.03). Amount of handling was also associated with several behaviors (undesirable, rest, and self-directed behavior) in both experiments ( p p
Jesus’ Breath: A Physiological Analysis of πνεῦμα within Paul’s Letter to the Galatians

In Gal. 3.14-16 Paul connects the ‘promised’ σπέρμα of Abraham with the experience of the ‘spirit’ in Galatia. Since ‘spirit’ occurs nowhere in Gen. 12–22, Paul’s equation (i.e., ‘promise’ equals ‘spirit’) is considered to be an interpretive leap. This article is an attempt to explain this gap by demonstrating how Paul’s argument hinges upon a Greco-Roman physiological metaphor. By ﬁrst outlining ancient concepts of physiology, and in particular the role of πνeῦμα as it relates to the σπέρμα of the human body, one can see how these ideas would have been understandable even within the popular imagination. The role of πνeῦμα within Gal. 3 makes better sense when it is understood according to ancient notions of physiology and medicine. Recognition of the physiological language employed by the apostle in Galatians leads to an enhanced understanding of Pauline theology.
Studies on Snuffles in Rabbits

The resemblance of the rabbit disease known as snuffles to human influenza-like infections has been noted by many. It seems quite likely that light may be thrown on the nature of the human disease by obtaining an understanding of the rabbit infection. The uncertainty that still exists as to the nature of snuffles in rabbits, its bacteriology, its relation to rabbit septicemia, its predisposing factors, and its control make further studies desirable. The confused and scanty literature on the subject has been summarized recently by McCartney and Olitsky and by Webster 2 and need not be reviewed again here. The principal symptoms of snuffles in the rabbits studied in this laboratory were nasal discharge, coughing and sneezing; diarrhea was observed in some cases. The nasal discharge is commonly serous in the early stage, then gradually changes to mucoid and then to purulent. The forepaws are damp and matted when the discharge is mucoid or purulent, while in the cases of serous discharges this feature may be lacking. In the chronic cases, nasal discharge is persistent, white, tenacious and accompanied with crust formation on the nostrils. Though the nutrition and general condition seem to be normal in some cases, in others the disease is accompanied by weakness, emaciation, loss of appetite and depilation. The nostrils are often obstructed with the exudate so that dyspnea results. In some acute cases the disease proves fatal in a few days without much nasal discharge or other symptoms. The symptoms may persist for a few weeks to several months, often becoming more severe and ending in death. The mortality from snuffles in the warm season is less than in the cold season, the percentage of infected rabbits in stock less and the symptoms generally lighter. Sometimes the symptoms subside and then develop again. Some rabbits develop a chronic form which endures over a period of several months to a year. The principal pathologic changes will be described more fully later.
Real-time quantification of single RNA translation dynamics in living cells

Although messenger RNA (mRNA) translation is a fundamental biological process, it has never been imaged in real time in vivo with single-molecule precision. To achieve this, we developed nascent chain tracking (NCT), a technique that uses multi-epitope tags and antibody-based fluorescent probes to quantify protein synthesis dynamics at the single-mRNA level. NCT reveals an elongation rate of ~10 amino acids per second, with initiation occurring stochastically every ~30 seconds. Polysomes contain ~1 ribosome every 200 to 900 nucleotides and are globular rather than elongated in shape. By developing multicolor probes, we showed that most polysomes act independently; however, a small fraction (~5%) form complexes in which two distinct mRNAs can be translated simultaneously. The sensitivity and versatility of NCT make it a powerful new tool for quantifying mRNA translation kinetics.
Paperless subjective programming assignment assessment: a first step

A significant component of student evaluation includes the objective and subjective assessment of programming assignments. We describe bits and pieces of a paperless electronic workflow we've recently used to provide objective and subjective feedback to students, emphasizing the tools and process used to provide subjective programming assignment assessment. We identify opportunities for future work to complete an end-to-end paperless electronic workflow that incorporates subjective assessment.
First Poster Discussion

Pilachowski: Welcome to our first poster discussion session on the topic of globular clusters in the Galaxy. I’d like to begin the discussion with the paper by Sweigart, Greggio, and Renzini. These authors have constructed new evolutionary sequences for low and intermediate mass stars evolving from the main sequence to the onset of core helium ignition in order to map the transition from intermediate mass stars without a prominent red giant phase to low mass stars which do undergo a prominent red giant phase. Their results show the RGB phase transition begins at an age of 500 to 600 million years, depending on composition. How well determined is this transition age from observations of star clusters? Do any star clusters with prominent red giant branches have ages less than a billion years?
Epilogue: the past and future of scientific psychology

The last chapter demonstrates an important feature of the historical development of clinical psychology and other subdisciplines such as social and developmental psychology in relation to the general development of psychology in America in the twentieth century. The development of many of these subdisciplines did not simply parallel the general development of psychology in terms of the historical progression from structural to functional psychology, and from behaviorism to cognitive psychology. While theories and therapies based upon behaviorist learning theory and cognitive processing were developed in clinical psychology, they were developed together in the postwar period, which marked the end of the behaviorist hegemony in general psychology. While some early social psychologists called themselves behaviorists, they remained committed to the study of social attitudes and public opinion from the beginning to the end of the twentieth century. Moreover, developmental psychologists never embraced the general commitment by psychologists (including social psychologists) to experimentation as the essence of scientific psychology. This illustrates the contingency of the development of American psychology. Although one may trace the conceptual continuities and discontinuities between the development of structural and functional psychology, and behaviorism and cognitive psychology, it is well to remember that the development of American psychology depended upon the particularities and peculiarities of the social, cultural, political, and institutional context in which it developed, and the vagaries of the careers of individual psychologists. This contingency becomes especially apparent when one compares the twentieth-century development of American psychology with the development of psychology in other countries (Baker, 2012; Sexton and Hogan, 1992; Sexton and Misiak, 1976). To take a few illustrative examples, Italian psychology embraced cognitive psychology in the early 1920s and never looked back (Mecacci, 1992). When George Miller critiqued the behaviorist position at a talk he gave in London in the 5411960s, his host pointed out that there were only two behaviorists in Britain, and apologized for the fact that neither was in attendance (Miller, 1989). Henri Pieron (1881–1964) articulated the behaviorist position in France in 1908 (Pieron, 1908), but considered cognitive psychology to be an essential component of experimental psychology (Pieron, 1929).
Image feature extraction based on spectral graph information

Graphs have been widely used in image processing and understanding tasks. We introduce a novel graph generation model which greatly reduces the size of the traditional pixel-based graph. Based on the generated graph, we propose two feature extraction methods which utilize spectral graph information, and apply the features to image. Experiments show that our proposed oscillatory image heat content and weighted heat content spectrum features are more robust to small distortions and changes of viewpoint than the image heat content feature we proposed previously. The features are also capable of capturing important image structural information of the image and perform well alone or in combination with other low-level image features.
Seattle Longitudinal Study Findings

The Seattle Longitudinal Study has charted the course of selected cognitive abilities from young adulthood through advanced old age. It has investigated individual differences and differential patterns of change. Contextual, health, and personality variables have been identified that explain many of the individual differences in change and provide a basis for interventions designed to slow cognitive aging. Major findings regarding five major questions related to normal cognitive aging are reported here: Does intelligence change uniformly throughout adulthood, or are there different life-course ability patterns? At what age is there a reliably detectable decrement in ability, and what is its magnitude? What are the patterns of generational differences, and what are their magnitudes? What accounts for individual differences in age-related cognitive changes in adulthood? Can intellectual decline with increasing age be reversed by educational intervention? Keywords: adult developmental psychology; aging and developmental psychology; cognitive development; family; intelligence; neuroscience; personality; training
Toxicity profile of approved anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

// Ricardo Costa 1,2 , Benedito A. Carneiro 1,2 , Mark Agulnik 1,2 , Alfred W. Rademaker 2,3 , Sachin G. Pai 1,2 , Victoria M. Villaflor 1,2 , Massimo Cristofanilli 1,2 , Jeffrey A. Sosman 1,2 and Francis J. Giles 1,2 1 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA 2 Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA 3 Northwestern University Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA Correspondence to: Ricardo Costa, email: // Keywords : anti-PD1 antibodies; adverse events; meta-analysis; hypothyroidism; pruritus Received : September 20, 2016 Accepted : October 13, 2016 Published : November 11, 2016 Abstract Purpose: Nivolumab and pembrolizumab are antibodies against the programmed-death-receptor- 1 (PD-1) which are associated with distinct immune related adverse effects (AEs). This meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials aims to summarize current knowledge regarding the toxicity profile of these agents. Methods: PubMed search was conducted in February of 2016. The randomized trials needed to have at least one of the study arms consisting of nivolumab or pembrolizumab monotherapy and a control arm containing no anti-PD-1 therapy. Data were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis for risk ratios. Heterogeneity across studies was analyzed using Q and I 2 statistics. Results: Nine randomized trials and 5,353 patients were included in our meta-analysis. There was evidence of significant heterogeneity between studies. The pooled relative risk (RR) for treatment-related all grade AEs and grade 3/4 AEs was 0.88 (95% CI 0.81-0.95; P =0.002) and 0.39 (95% CI 0.29-0.53; P <0.001) respectively favoring anti-PD-1 therapy versus standard of care approach. The RR of treatment-related death was 0.45 (95% CI 0.19-1.09; P =0.076). Patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors had an increased risk of hyperthyroidism [RR of 3.44 (95% CI 1.98-5.99; P <0.001)] and hypothyroidism [RR of 6.79 (95% CI 3.10-14.84; P <0.001)]. All grade pruritus and vitiligo were also more common among these patients. The pooled absolute risks of pneumonitis and hypophysitis were 2.65% and 0.47% respectively. Conclusion: Approved PD-1 inhibitors are well tolerated, associated with significant low risk of severe treatment-related AEs and increased risk of thyroid dysfunction, pruritus, and vitiligo.
Abstract 335: Allelic Imbalance at the Coronary Heart Disease Associated Locus 6q23.2 Identifies Causal Variation in the TCF21 Gene

Recent genome-wide association studies have identified novel loci associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). One locus identified through the large-scale Coronary ARtery DIsease Genome wide Repl...
Shape-centric modeling of lateral undulation and sidewinding gaits for Snake Robots

Planar equations of motion for lateral undulation and sidewinding by snake robots are derived within a common framework. The equations use a continuous model of the snake shape kinematics. The shape curve is defined as time and arc length parametrized deviations from a fixed curve. Viscous anisotropic friction models the snake-ground interaction. Vertical lifting of the body off of the ground plane defines time and spatially varying contact profiles in the planar model, which influence the external forcing applied to the system. We demonstrate this framework facilitates intuitive and convenient formulation of traveling wave gaits, in the form of cyclically-varying backbone curves and ground contact patterns. Simulation results illustrate that both lateral undulation and sidewinding gaits are indeed modeled by this single formulation.
Catchment-scale determinants of nonindigenous minnow richness in the eastern United States

Understanding the drivers of biological invasions is critical for preserving aquatic biodiversity. Stream fishes make excellent model taxa for examining mechanisms driving species introduction success because their distributions are naturally limited by catchment boundaries. In this study, we compared the relative importance of catchment-scale abiotic and biotic predictors of native and nonindigenous minnow (Cyprinidae) richness in 170 catchments throughout the eastern United States. We compared historic and contemporary cyprinid distributional data to determine catchment-wise native/nonindigenous status for 152 species. Catchment-scale model predictor variables described natural (elevation, precipitation, flow accumulation) and anthropogenic (developed land cover, number of dams) abiotic features, as well as native congener richness. Native congener richness may represent either biotic resistance via interspecific competition, or trait preadaptation according to Darwin's naturalisation hypothesis. We used generalised linear mixed models to examine evidence supporting the relative roles of abiotic and biotic predictors of cyprinid introduction success. Native congener richness was positively correlated with nonindigenous cyprinid richness and was the most important variable predicting nonindigenous cyprinid richness. Mean elevation had a weak positive effect, and effects of other abiotic factors were insignificant and less important. Our results suggest that at this spatial scale, trait preadaptation may be more important than intrageneric competition for determining richness of nonindigenous fishes.
The Global Diffusion of Knowledge to Weak Institutional Contexts

Building on insights from the knowledge management and institutional theory literatures, this paper extends our understanding of the global diffusion of knowledge by exploring how firm and country ...
Phase Transformations During Li-Insertion into V 2 O 5 at Elevated Temperature

Recent interest in developing cathode materials for an elevated temperature operation of Li-ion batteries has motivated researchers to explore the possibility of using layered V2O5 as a potential candidate because of its high capacity and cyclic stability. Despite a wide lithiation voltage window of V2O5 (between 1.0 V and 4.0 V), compositional fluctuations, metal dissolution, and so on contribute to capacity loss at high temperatures. A first discharge of V2O5 to voltages below 2.0 V has been observed to be associated with a series of phase transformations at both room temperature and high temperature and has been characterized here. From structural characterization of harvested electrodes post–first discharge, a new Li-rich phase was observed to be formed at 120°C and the composition was estimated.
Knee Fat Pad Volumes in Patients with Hemophilia and Their Relationship with Osteoarthritis.

Hemophilic arthropathy is a progressive, disabling condition with poorly understood pathobiology. Since there is an emerging interest to study the role of intra-articular fat pad size and biology in arthritic conditions, we explored fat pad volume changes in hemophilic arthropathy and to what extent they differed from osteoarthritis. We matched a cohort of 13 adult patients with hemophilic arthropathy of the knee with age- and gender-matched cohorts without osteoarthritis (“control cohort”) and with the same degree of radiographic osteoarthritis (“OA cohort”) in 1 : 2 fashion. Infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) and suprapatellar fat pad (SPFP) volumes were calculated based on magnetic resonance imaging and differences in fat pad volumes, demographics, height, weight, and osteoarthritis scores were evaluated. Fat pad volumes were positively associated with body size parameters in all three cohorts but were unaffected by the degree of osteoarthritis. While IPFP volumes did not differ between cohorts, SPFP volumes expanded disproportionally with weight in hemophilia patients. Our observations indicate that IPFPs and SPFPs behave biologically differently in response to different arthritic stimuli. The exaggerated expansion of the SPFP in hemophilia patients highlights the importance of further studying the implications of fat pad biology for progression of hemophilic arthropathy.
Can Ultrasound Be Used to Improve the Palpation Skills of Physicians in Training? A Prospective Study

Abstract Background Accurate diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders relies heavily on the physical examination, including accurate palpation of musculoskeletal structures. The literature suggests that there has been a deterioration of physical examination skills among medical students and residents, in part due to increased reliance on advanced imaging. It has been shown that knowledge of musculoskeletal anatomy and physical examination skills improve with the use of ultrasound; however, the literature is limited. Objective To determine whether ultrasound can improve the ability of physicians in training (residents) to palpate the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) in the bicipital groove. Design Prospective study design. Setting Tertiary care center. Participants Ten physical medicine and rehabilitation residents served as subjects. Exclusion criteria included the presence of any condition that precluded their ability to palpate. Three volunteers were used as models. Model exclusion criteria included anything that distorted normal shoulder anatomy or inhibited examiner palpation. Three investigators with experience performing diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound were used to confirm palpation attempts. Methods Subjects attempted to palpate the LHBT bilaterally in the bicipital groove of each model. Investigators assessed the accuracy of the palpation attempt using real-time ultrasonography. Subjects participated in a 30-minute ultrasound-assisted training session learning how to palpate the LHBT in the bicipital groove with ultrasound confirmation. After the ultrasound training session, subjects again attempted to palpate the LHBT in the bicipital groove of each model with investigator confirmation. Main Outcome Measurements LHBT palpation accuracy rates preintervention versus postintervention. Results Pretraining LHBT palpation accuracy was 20% (12/60 attempts). Post-ultrasound training session accuracy was 51.7% (31/60 attempts; P ≤ .001). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that palpation accuracy improves after ultrasound assisted LHBT palpation training. These data suggest that the use of ultrasound may be beneficial when teaching musculoskeletal palpation skills to health care professionals. Level of Evidence II
Medication Management in Patients with Multi-organ Failure

Patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) are severely ill and efficacy of medication therapies is crucial to outcomes. The physiologic changes that accompany MODS have many effects on medication dosage. Hemodynamic alterations and increased volume as well as organ function deterioration cause pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modifications of drugs. Chemical properties of a medication dictate to what extent that medication is affected. There are many confounders present when tailoring medication management that will be especially as number of failing organ systems increases. Constant evaluation for efficacy and toxicity is imperative. Successful medication management involves maximizing efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. The objective of this chapter is to discuss concepts of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics that affect medication management of patients experiencing MODS and practical applications of those concepts to persons receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and/or renal replacement therapies.
Ranking Coal Ash Materials for Their Potential to Leach Arsenic and Selenium: Relative Importance of Ash Chemistry and Site Biogeochemistry.

Abstract The chemical composition of coal ash is highly heterogeneous and dependent on the origin of the source coal, combustion parameters, and type and configuration of air pollution control devices. This heterogeneity results in uncertainty in the evaluation of leaching potential of contaminants from coal ash. The goal of this work was to identify whether a single leaching protocol could roughly group high-leaching potential coal ash from low-leaching potential coal ash, with respect to arsenic (As) and selenium (Se). We used four different leaching tests, including the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Protocol (TCLP), natural pH, aerobic sediment microcosms, and anaerobic sediment microcosms on 10 different coal ash materials, including fly ash, lime-treated ash, and flue gas desulfurization materials. Leaching tests showed promise in categorizing high and low-leaching potential ash materials, indicating that a single point test could act as a first screening measure to identify high-risk ash material...
Intermarriage and the U.S. Military

This article uses a comprehensive descriptive analysis to examine the determinants of racial intermarriage for native-born men and women using the 2012 American Community Survey. A comparison betwe...
Discontinuous Finite Element SN Methods on Three-Dimensional Unstructured Grids

Discontinuous finite element methods for the SN equations on three-dimensional unstructured tetrahedral and hexahedral meshes are presented. Solution techniques including source iteration and diffu...
Cultivar-strain specificity between Chrysanthemum morifolium and agrobacterium tumefaciens

Abstract We have examined cultivar specificity between Chrysanthemum morifolium and Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains Chry5 and B6. Although 42% of the 85 cultivars formed tumours after inoculation with both strains, some cultivars formed no tumours in response to Chry5, to B6, or to both strains. Four cultivars were utilized to examine these interactions in a leaf disc transformation system with a virE :: lacZ fusion. We specifically tested the hypothesis that cultivar-strain specificity is due to differential vir gene induction by conditioned media from the cultivars, but could find no evidence to support this possibility. We also tested the hypothesis that specificity is due to differential T-DNA transfer, integration or expression. This was accomplished by transferring into each strain a scorable marker (β-glucuronidase) contained between T-DNA borders. Leaf discs then were inoculated, and expression of enzyme activity was used to monitor transformation. Transfer of the T-DNA marker gene followed a pattern that reflected tumorigenicity in all cultivar-strain pairs, indicating that cultivar-strain specificity was due to differences in the transfer of T-DNA, or in subsequent integration processes. Analysis of the auxin and cytokinin levels of cultivars representative of different cultivar-strain interactions suggested that, although high hormone levels may be associated with high tumour mass, they do not appear to account for the innate susceptibility of a cultivar.
9 – Mathematical modeling of the long-term safety of carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in underground reservoirs

Abstract: Industrial-scale injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) into geologic media will induce coupled processes of fluid flow, mass and heat transfer, and chemical and mechanical interactions between fluids and rocks. Mathematical models play a key role in all aspects of CO2 geologic storage, including site characterization, injection design, and performance monitoring and confirmation. The main challenges for modeling arise from couplings between different processes and the large range of space and time scales that must be considered. This chapter provides a broad perspective of modeling issues in the context of an evolving regulatory environment. Proceeding from large-scale to small, we review model applications to fluid pressurization and brine displacement, the long-term fate of injected CO2, and issues of potential CO2 leakage along faults, fracture zones, and improperly abandoned wells. Selected references offer readers a more in-depth pursuit of the issues addressed in this chapter.
Water and Land Resources Planning

This paper summarizes a two-and one-half year experience in the Maumee River Basin “Level-B” study, analyzes the institutional gaps that exist between water resource planning and implementation, and discusses the associated equity problems.
An Abstract Theorem in Nonlinear Analysis

An elementary proof of the existence of multiple solutions of nonlinear operator equations is given. We show the existence, depending on a parameter in the equation, of either exactly two or at least four solutions for these equations.
Modes of Intake and Absorption

Metals and their compounds are usually ingested or inhaled. Industrial accidents (slivers, cuts, and abrasions) cause subcutaneous exposure in man. The route of intake and the dosage determine the intensity and duration of the harmful effects (the dosage-time curve) of a toxicant. Oral administration provides processing of the toxicant by digestive enzymes, microbic cells, host intestinal cells, and often hepatic cells before the material is transported to other tissues (Fig. 2–1). Inhalation results in the direct transfer of soluble metal compounds from the pulmonary tissues to the blood; it can also provide a circuitous route for the transport of the toxicant to the tissues. Cilia of epithelial cells can carry insoluble metal particulates or compounds from the lungs into the gastrointestinal tract via the pharynx. Macrophages can transfer the metal directly to regional lymph nodes, blood, and other tissues or to the gastrointestinal tract. Dermal administration usually provides prolonged absorption of small quantities of material, especially lipid-soluble compounds, over an extended period. Intravenous (including intraarterial) administration distributes the dose to tissues within seconds, and—other than absorption to plasma proteins, cell walls, or other membranes—there is little systemic processing of the material. Metabolic processing is generally less important for minerals than for organic toxicants.
Structure in a Manual Communication System Developed Without a Conventional Language Model: Language Without a Helping Hand

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the human language learning flexibility with respect to one particular learning condition found in all natural language learning situations but in none of the feral situations: the role of linguistic input. The role of linguistic input in accounting for language acquisition has been minimized on the grounds that the speech the child hears, as it resembles adult-to-adult talk, is too unruly for the young child to abstract language organization from it. This chapter examines the ways in which semantic relations are conveyed in the communication systems developed by six deaf children of hearing parents. These children use different signs for communication. Deictic signs are typically pointing gestures. These pointings maintained a constant kinesic form in all contexts and are used to single out objects, people, places, and the like in the surroundings. In contrast, characterizing signs are stylized pantomimes whose iconic forms vary with the intended meaning of each sign. This chapter investigates the particular semantic relations the deaf child conveys in his spontaneously generated communication system. In principle, semantic relations can be conveyed in a single sign or word unit. Children who can't hear produce two basic classes of phrase types: actions and attributes. An action phrase is used to request the execution of an action, or to comment on an action that is being, has been, will be, or can be executed. In contrast, an attribute phrase is one which is used to comment on the perceptual characteristics of an object.
An indicator-based approach to assessing resilience of socio-hydrologic systems in Nepal to hydropower development

Abstract Resilience is essential to the integrity of socio-hydrologic systems, especially when faced with stress caused by natural hazards and economic development. Nepal has seen both in recent years. The objective of this study is to construct and implement an indicator-based approach to assess socio-hydrological systems with new metrics to evaluate the influence of hydropower development. We adopted a conceptual framework in which resilience is a relative complement of vulnerability and dependent on adaptive capacity. The framework has eight vulnerability parameters: water variation, water scarcity, water exploitation, water pollution, natural capacity, physical capacity, human resource capacity, and economic capacity. Hydropower development was incorporated into a modified resilience framework to explore the socio-hydrological impacts. This holistic approach revealed that although hydropower development contributes to water stress, it can also increase adaptive capacity. In addition, this study strengthened the argument for indicator-based approaches to evaluating socio-hydrologic systems, particularly when evaluating hydropower development, which impacts numerous economic and hydrologic systems. This type of framework is particularly needed in developing countries, such as Nepal, where water resource development is rapidly increasing and changing traditional socio-hydrologic systems.
Staphylococcus aureus-induced endothelial permeability and inflammation are mediated by microtubule destabilization.

Staphylococcus aureus is a major etiological agent of sepsis and induces endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction and inflammation, two major hallmarks of acute lung injury. However, the molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogen–induced EC barrier disruption are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the role of microtubules (MT) in the mechanisms of EC barrier compromise caused by heat-killed S. aureus (HKSA). Using a customized monolayer permeability assay in human pulmonary EC and MT fractionation, we observed that HKSA-induced barrier disruption is accompanied by MT destabilization and increased histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC6) activity resulting from elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Molecular or pharmacological HDAC6 inhibition rescued barrier function in HKSA-challenged vascular endothelium. The HKSA-induced EC permeability was associated with impaired MT-mediated delivery of cytoplasmic linker–associated protein 2 (CLASP2) to the cell periphery, limiting its interaction with adherens junction proteins. HKSA-induced EC barrier dysfunction was also associated with increased Rho GTPase activity via activation of MT-bound Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1) and was abolished by HDAC6 down-regulation. HKSA activated the NF-κB proinflammatory pathway and increased the expression of intercellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules in EC, an effect that was also HDAC6-dependent and mediated, at least in part, by a GEF-H1/Rho-dependent mechanism. Of note, HDAC6 knockout mice or HDAC6 inhibitor–treated WT mice were partially protected from vascular leakage and inflammation caused by both HKSA or methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Our results indicate that S. aureus–induced, ROS-dependent up-regulation of HDAC6 activity destabilizes MT and thereby activates the GEF-H1/Rho pathway, increasing both EC permeability and inflammation.
The Dual Commodification of College-Going: Individual and Institutional Influences on Access and Choice

In this chapter, we review the literature on college access and choice, as well as advance a model of college-going that integrates both student and institutional actions and factors that shape choice sets, lead to a specific college choice, and account for changes in the process and system over time. The model we advance features six stages: (1) Available postsecondary options shape students’ preferences, (2) Individual, family, and community circumstances moderate students’ responses, (3) Students signal ability and interest to their preferred institutions, (4) Institutions use incentives to alter specific students’ available choices, (5) Students choose from their available option, and (6) The system changes over time. We illustrate the utility of the model in applications to four student populations, students from rural communities, first-generation college students, students with disabilities, and student-athletes. The chapter concludes with quantitative and qualitative data sources, methodological approaches, and future research directions informed by the central features of the model.
A comprehensive look at risk factors for mid-urethral sling revision surgery.

The objective of this study was to identify risk factors and urodynamic parameters predictive of mid-urethral sling (MUS) revision surgery that can be used for counseling patients and individualizing risk prediction. Retrospective case-control analysis of 40 sling revisions performed during the 12-year study period were compared to 123 control cases that did not require revision to obtain a 1:3 case-to-control ratio. Demographic, perioperative, and urodynamic data were analyzed, with p < 0.05 as significant. Independent predictors of sling revision were assessed by binary logistic regression models, with risk expressed as adjusted odds ratios. After multiple regression analysis, younger age at time of index MUS placement (aOR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88–0.97), increasing number of cesarean deliveries (CD) (aOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.01–3.96), and concomitant apical prolapse repair during index MUS procedure (aOR 4.63, 95% CI 1.34–15.93) were significant predictors of sling revision. Young age at the time of placement, multiple CD, and concomitant apical prolapse repair were independent factors predictive of sling revision. Giving consideration to risk factors could improve patient counseling and surgical candidate selection.
NOVEL APPLICATION FOR LEADLESS PACEMAKER IN CERVICAL SPINAL CORD INJURY

Cervical Spinal cord injury (SCI) may lead to sympathetic nervous system impairment, with unopposed parasympathetic tone that results in severe bradycardia. Long-term, survivors often develop autonomic dysreflexia manifesting as tachyarrhythmia. There is no clear consensus on the management of
Making the Leap: the Poetry of César Vallejo and Ralph Salisbury

In her introduction to The Path on the Rainbow (1918), “the first authoritative volume of aboriginal American verse,” Mary Austin claims that one “will be struck at once with the extraordinary likeness between much of this native product and the recent work of the Imagists, vers librists, and other literary fashionables” (xvi). As a Cherokee-Shawnee-English-Irish-American poet publishing since the 1950s, one might be tempted to read Ralph Salisbury’s work in light of Ezra Pound. However, I argue that Salisbury’s free verse is not primarily influenced by Imagism’s objectivism, which, according to Robert Bly, is among the early twentieth century poetry “without spiritual life” and “without even a trace of revolutionary feeling—in either language or politics” ("A Wrong Turning" 22, 24); rather, I assert, a different modernist school informs Salisbury’s poetry: the surrealists, especially those from Latin America, like Peruvian mestizo Cesar Vallejo. Reading Vallejo only as a surrealist limits his work; Vallejo is, more significantly, a forerunner to literary indigenism, who sought to develop “a poetics of the mestizaje” and whose work is grounded in poverty, war, as well as human suffering (Mulligan xlvi). Salisbury himself acknowledges that, in his mid-twenties, he “follow[ed] the example of […] surrealists” and, like Vallejo, explored “the land between sleep and waking” (So Far 230). Through his use of what Bly has described as “leaping poetry” in the work of Vallejo and others, Salisbury links outward images to inward emotion, allowing unexpected associations to form between his childhood on a Depression-era Iowa farm, his experiences in WWII, his anti-war activism, and his Cherokee culture. In so doing, like Vallejo before him, Salisbury goes beyond the “parlor games” of the surrealists to answer the call to produce “socially responsible art” (Mulligan xxxii).
An Open-Source Three-Dimensionally Printed Laryngeal Model for Injection Laryngoplasty Training.

Objectives/hypothesis A limited number of three-dimensionally (3D)-printed laryngeal simulators have been described in the literature, only one of which is specifically designed for percutaneous injection laryngoplasty (PIL) training and is currently of limited availability. This study describes the development and evaluation of a high-fidelity, open-source, low-cost 3D-printed simulator for PIL training, improving on existing models. Study design Simulator design and survey evaluation. Methods Computed tomography scans of the upper airways were processed with 3D Slicer to generate a computer model of the endolarynx. Blender and Fusion 360 were used to refine the mucosal model and develop casts for silicone injection molding. The casted endolaryngeal structures were inserted into a modified version of a publicly available laryngeal cartilage model. The final models were evaluated by 10 expert laryngologists using a customized version of the Michigan Standard Simulation Experience Scale. Internal consistency and interrater reliability of the survey were evaluated using Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation, respectively. Results Expert laryngologists highly rated the model for measures of fidelity, educational value, and overall quality (mean = 4.8, standard deviation = 0.5; 1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). All reviewers rated the model as ready for use as is or with slight modifications. The filament needed for one cartilage model costs $0.96, whereas the silicone needed for one soft-tissue model costs $1.89. Conclusions Using 3D-printing technology, we successfully created the first open-source, low-cost, and anatomically accurate laryngeal model for injection laryngoplasty training. Our simulator is made freely available for download on Wikifactory with step-by-step tutorials for 3D printing, silicone molding, assembly, and use. Level of evidence NA Laryngoscope, 131:E890-E895, 2021.