cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Delayed Onset of Atrial Fibrillation and Ventricular Tachycardia after an Automobile Lightning Strike.

Abstract Background Lightning strike is a rare medical emergency. The primary cause of death in lightning strike victims is immediate cardiac arrest. The mortality rate from lightning exposure can be as high as 30%, with up to 70% of patients left with significant morbidity. Case Report An 86-year-old male was struck by lightning while driving his vehicle and crashed. On initial emergency medical services evaluation, he was asymptomatic with normal vital signs. During his transport, he lost consciousness several times and was found to be in atrial fibrillation with intermittent runs of ventricular tachycardia during the unconscious periods. In the emergency department, atrial fibrillation persisted and he experienced additional episodes of ventricular tachycardia. He was treated with i.v. amiodarone and admitted to cardiovascular intensive care unit, where he converted to a normal sinus rhythm on the amiodarone drip. He was discharged home without rhythm-control medications and did not have further episodes of dysrhythmias on follow-up visits. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Lightning strikes are one of the most common injuries suffered from natural phenomenon, and short-term mortality ordinarily depends on the cardiac effects. This case demonstrates that the cardiac effects can be multiple, delayed, and recurrent, which compels the emergency physician to be vigilant in the initial evaluation and ongoing observation of patients with lightning injuries.
Holomorphic automorphisms of complex Banach spaces

We consider holomorphic automorphisms of infinite dimensional complex Banach spaces. First we look at automorphisms with an attracting fixed point to construct Fatou–Bieberbach domains in Banach spaces. Second, we look tame sets in Banach spaces. Recall that a discrete set in X is tame if it can be mapped onto an arithmetic progression via an automorphism of X. We show that bounded discrete sets of Banach spaces allowing a Schauder basis are tame. In contrast, $$l_\infty $$ has several bounded discrete sets which are not tame.
The Impact of Counseling on Bowen’s Differentiation of Self:

Bowen’s natural systems theory has been identified as a foundational theory in understanding family processes, and yet there is a lack of research examining the impact of counseling on Bowenian con...
A comparative laser absorption and gas chromatography study of low-temperature n-heptane oxidation intermediates

Abstract A novel, multi-species, combined laser absorption/gas chromatography (GC) speciation diagnostic was used to quantify intermediate species present in the low-temperature oxidation of 1.0% n-heptane in 20.8% O2/Ar and 20.8% O2/0.21% CO2/Ar (equivalence ratio 0.53) at 760 K, 4.9 atm. Laser absorption techniques were used to measure initial fuel and time-resolved temperature, CO2, H2O, and C2H4. Sampled-gas GC analysis was used in conjunction with a variable-test-time shock tube facility to obtain quasi-time-resolved measurements of n-heptane, C2H4, CO, H2, C3H6, and CO2 in the same experiments. Measurements obtained using both techniques are compared to each other, and to initial results predicted by a detailed kinetic model using the experimentally measured pressure trace to constrain the model. Discrepancies between measured and predicted ignition delay times indicate the overestimation of three primary RO2 isomerization reaction rates. The three reaction rates were modified to improve agreement of modeled ignition delay times with the measurements. Final results produced using the modified mechanism are compared to the experimental results; the comparison shows close agreement between the two experimental measurement techniques, and measured species yields confirm the low-temperature reaction pathways that govern n-heptane decomposition and C2H4, CO, H2, and C3H6 production.
Recent Developments in the Psychological Assessment and Management of Recurrent Headache Disorders

Most people occasionally experience but are seldom disabled by headaches. However, epidemiological studies reveal that more than 8 million females and 2 million males are disabled with some frequency by migraine headaches alone (Stewart, Lipton, Celentano, & Reed, 1992). The number of new cases of disabling headaches each year has been estimated at more than 2 million, almost 1% of the population (Goldstein & Chen, 1982). It is thus not surprising that headache is one of the most frequent complaints presented in outpatient medical settings (DeLozier & Gagnon, 1975; Leviton, 1978). Because the vast majority of patients (probably over 95%) who seek medical assistance have headaches that do not result from any identifiable structural abnormality or disease state, a large industry has arisen to develop, produce, and market headache remedies.
Variations in the intensity of psychiatric treatment across markets for mental health services in the United States.

Data are analyzed that describe the clinical work of 800 psychiatrists who practiced in one of 62 markets for mental health services in the United States during 1982 or 1983. Intensity of treatment (i.e., mean face-to-face treatment minutes per patient per month) ranges from a low of 107 minutes to a high of 368 minutes. Each of two multiple regression models accounts for 60 percent or more of the observed variation. Most of the variation in intensity of treatment can be accounted for with variables associated with the patient's severity or stage of illness and the type of treatment provided. Patients who fall on the midrange of the severity scale tend to consume the most treatment time per month. None of the economic variables were significant at any reasonable level. These findings have immediate implications for the development of more functional prospective payment systems for the financing of mental health care and for the longer-term debate over the nature of mental health services markets.
Macrolides: a clinical overview

The macrolide antibiotics have played an important role in the therapy of infectious diseases for many decades. Newer formulations have expanded the spectrum of activity, improved tissue penetration, and improved patient acceptance and compliance with reduced side effects and simpler, more convenient dosing regimens. In this chapter we will provide a brief review of some key clinical aspects of the macrolides, including spectrum of activity, emergence of resistance, clinical uses, tolerability and toxicity, pharmacologic considerations for the clinician, and the expanding data regarding the anti-inflammatory properties of the macrolides and their ability to modify selected bacterial virulence factors. Our comments will focus on erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, and roxithromycin.
Impact amid absence: The Synod of Dordt and the French Huguenots

This contribution investigates the reasons behind the absence of delegates from the French Reformed (Huguenot) churches at the Synod of Dordt, setting the reasons for their absence in the broader political and religious context of the times. I argue that the connections between the French Reformed church and the Synod of Dordt were significant both before and after the synod met, but that the Huguenots had a rather different project in mind (religious reconciliation among Reformed Protestants and even possibly between Reformed and Lutheran Christians) when they considered the possibility of an international gathering of Reformed theologians. Although the Huguenot delegates were not present at Dordt and therefore could not directly affect the course of the synod’s meeting, their alternate vision for the meeting still persisted even via correspondence during the gathering. At the same time, the synod itself had an impact on the Huguenot church, given that the Canons of Dordt were ratified by the French national synods already by 1620.
Proinflammatory Effects of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Epithelial HMGB1 on Human Innate Immune Cell Activation

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a multifunctional nuclear protein that translocates to the cytoplasm and is subsequently released to the extracellular space during infection and injury. Once released, it acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern and regulates immune and inflammatory responses. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and elderly, for which no effective treatment or vaccine is currently available. This study investigated the effects of HMGB1 on cytokine secretion, as well as the involvement of NF-κB and TLR4 pathways in RSV-induced HMGB1 release in human airway epithelial cells (AECs) and its proinflammatory effects on several human primary immune cells. Purified HMGB1 was incubated with AECs (A549 and small alveolar epithelial cells) and various immune cells and measured the release of proinflammatory mediators and the activation of NF-κB and P38 MAPK. HMGB1 treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of NF-κB and P38 MAPK but did not induce the release of cytokines/chemokines from AECs. However, addition of HMGB1 to immune cells did significantly induce the release of cytokines/chemokines and activated the NF-κB and P38 MAPK pathways. We found that activation of NF-κB accounted for RSV-induced HMGB1 secretion in AECs in a TLR4-dependent manner. These results indicated that HMGB1 secreted from AECs can facilitate the secretion of proinflammatory mediators from immune cells in a paracrine mechanism, thus promoting the inflammatory response that contributes to RSV pathogenesis. Therefore, blocking the proinflammatory function of HMGB1 may be an effective approach for developing novel therapeutics.
A 28nm CMOS 1.3-GHz Low Phase Noise G m -Boosted Cross-Coupled DCO for Automotive Radar Applications

In this paper, the first G m -Boosted Cross-Coupled DCO in a 28-nm CMOS technology for automotive radar applications is reported. The use of 28-nm CMOS technology poses new challenges on low phase noise DCO design. Supply voltages are further reduced to 0.9 V in order to not to damage the devices, resulting in a lower voltage swing and higher achievable phase noise with respect to higher supply voltage designs. In addition, very stringent local density rules, even required to meet in small inductor and capacitor areas, add an extra difficulty to layout a DCO, so the way the inductor is laid out becomes an essential step during the design to obtain the desired performances. The presented DCO achieves a phase noise equal to -127 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from its central oscillation frequency of 1.3 GHz, achieves a tuning range of 1.25 GHz to 2.25 GHz with a fine frequency resolution of 1.1 MHz and consumes the total power of 5 mW using a 0.9-V supply. The layout area is 280 µm × 530 µm including the inductor. Finally, the tuning range-based Figure Of Merit (F OM T ) is equal to 194 dB.
Non-metric traits and anatomical variants that can mimic trauma in the human skeleton.

Abstract This paper presents some of the more commonly encountered non-metric traits and minor anatomical variants in the adult human skeleton that can mimic or be mistaken for trauma. Distinguishing non-metric traits is contingent upon both a knowledge of potential non-metric traits as well as the normal developmental timing, location, and anatomy of maturational markers in the human skeleton. Distinguishing non-metric traits from trauma in dry bone is an essential component in establishing an accurate and thorough forensic analysis of human remains, especially as it deals with antemortem and perimortem trauma, and postmortem damage.
Complement and its environmental determinants in the progression of human rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease with an etiology that is not yet well understood, disproportionally affects women and also varies in incidence and prevalence by population. The presence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) is a highly specific biomarker for the diagnosis of clinically apparent RA. ACPA are also present in the serum for an average of 3-5 years prior to the onset of RA during an asymptomatic period characterized by mucosal inflammation and local ACPA production at these sites. We hypothesized that systemic complement activation products might be generated during the pre-clinical initiation of RA and/or provide a second hit that promotes subsequent arthritis development in the joints. In addition, we evaluated which demographic and genetic features and environmental exposures could influence the complement activation process. We analyzed plasma from healthy subjects, subjects at-risk for the development of RA based on serum ACPA positivity in absence of inflammatory arthritis (IA), and ACPA positive RA subjects by Multiplex Assay and ELISA for eighteen complement system components, factors and activation products belonging to the classical, lectin and alternative pathways. By using regression models, associations between complement proteins and various demographic, genetic, and environmental factors previously found to be associated with RA, including sex, smoking, shared epitope, and oral contraceptive use, were examined. We found no evidence of systemic complement activation in ACPA positive subjects without IA, but in contrast found evidence of systemic involvement of the both classical and alternative pathways during the stage of the disease where classified RA is present, (i.e. during joint inflammation and damage). With regard to the demographic, genetic, and environmental variables, females who reported current or past oral contraceptive use and subjects with current tobacco exposure demonstrated alterations of the alternative pathway of complement. Furthermore, RA subjects with established disease who have a body mass index categorized as obese demonstrated higher levels of C2 compared to RA subjects who are not considered obese. In sum, the complement system may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA, with only localized mucosal effects during the preclinical period in those at-risk for RA but in the joint as well as systemically in those who have developed clinically apparent arthritis.
An Ordered Assembly of Filled Nanoscale Tubules of Europium Seleno-Silicate in the Crystal Structure of a Quaternary Compound

A quaternary compound of the composition Na2EuSiSe4 featuring filled nanotubules was isolated from a reaction of elemental Eu, Si, and Se in Na2Se2 flux. The compound crystallizes in the trigonal system, space group = R3c, a = 24.397(1), c = 7.1468(9) A, V = 3684.2(6) A3. The structure is composed of quasi-infinite nanoscale tubules of [EuSiSe4]2-n, filled with Na+ cations and held together by Na+ cations through ionic interactions. The tubules are constructed through a complex network of monocapped EuSe7 trigonal prisms and SiSe4 tetrahedra. Three EuSe7 polyhedra are corner-shared to form isosceles triangular clusters that are stacked one over the other in a staggered fashion and fused together through edge-sharing to form a tubule surrounded by SiSe4 tetrahedra. The inner and outer crystallographic diameters of the tubules are 4.05(2) and 12.14(1) A, respectively.
Effects of multiple cycles of weight loss and regain on the body weight regulatory system in rats.

We studied the effects of multiple cycles of weight loss and regain on the defended body weight in rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into three weight-matched groups: weight cyclers (n...
Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Offloading and Debridement

Diabetic foot ulcer and its complications are common, costly, and challenging. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy, foot deformity, and trauma are three contributors to diabetic foot ulcerations. Evaluation of diabetic foot ulcerations includes four main systems: vascular status, neurological findings, dermatological manifestations, and musculoskeletal presentations. Local wound care for noninfected diabetic foot ulcers requires assessment, debridement, and most importantly offloading. A wide array of offloading modalities are currently available including removable and nonremovable. For many medically stable patients, prophylactic reconstructive surgery has shown to extend ulcer-free days and provide excellent long-term outcome. By understanding the etiology of diabetic foot ulcer and the disease process, local wound care and offloading are imperative to ensure wound healing and are the initial steps to prevent major amputations. To comprehensively manage this population, a multidisciplinary team approach is necessary to effectively reduce major amputations.
A Private and Finite-Time Algorithm for Solving a Distributed System of Linear Equations

This paper studies a system of linear equations, denoted as $Ax = b$, which is horizontally partitioned (rows in $A$ and $b$) and stored over a network of $m$ devices connected in a fixed directed graph. We design a fast distributed algorithm for solving such a partitioned system of linear equations, that additionally, protects the privacy of local data against an honest-but-curious adversary that corrupts at most $\tau$ nodes in the network. First, we present TITAN, privaTe fInite Time Average coNsensus algorithm, for solving a general average consensus problem over directed graphs, while protecting statistical privacy of private local data against an honest-but-curious adversary. Second, we propose a distributed linear system solver that involves each agent/devices computing an update based on local private data, followed by private aggregation using TITAN. Finally, we show convergence of our solver to the least squares solution in finite rounds along with statistical privacy of local linear equations against an honest-but-curious adversary provided the graph has weak vertex-connectivity of at least $\tau+1$. We perform numerical experiments to validate our claims and compare our solution to the state-of-the-art methods by comparing computation, communication and memory costs.
Have Total Hip Arthroplasty Operative Times Changed Over the Past Decade? An Analysis of 157,574 Procedures

BACKGROUND With the recent reevaluation of surgeon reimbursement for total hip arthroplasty (THA) by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, there is increasing need for information regarding trends in operative time. While single-institutional analyses exist, there is a lack of large-scale, nationally representative, multi-institutional data. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to (1) evaluate past/present operative time trends for THA and (2) investigate factors influencing operative times from a 10-year, large multi-institutional database. METHODS All primary THAs conducted between 2008 and 2018 were queried using Current Procedural Terminology code 27130 from the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, yielding 157,574 patients. Operative time, demographics, and comorbidity data were collected and analyzed. Multivariable linear models were created, and trend analyses were used where appropriate. RESULTS Median operative time was 87 minutes. Operative time was stable across included study years, with all calculated values within 5 minutes of the median (range, 86-92 minutes). Operative time was statistically stable over the last 3 years (P = .121). Age, body mass index, resident involvement, modified Charlson comorbidity index, and preoperative laboratory values influenced operative time (P < .001). Length of stay, readmission, superficial wound infection, and sepsis decreased over the study period. Nonelective procedures were statistically longer than elective (P < .0001). CONCLUSION While numerous factors influence the duration of THA, this study found that THA operative time has remained stable in recent years. Therefore, revaluation for THA based on intraservice time is not supported. Future analyses should continue to analyze factors that influence operative time in order to ensure patient safety and maintain positive outcomes.
Influence of clay amendment on soil physical properties and threshold friction velocity within a disturbed crust cover in the inland pacific Northwest

Abstract Soil wind erosion is initiated when the surface friction velocity (u*) exceeds the threshold friction velocity (u*t) of soils. Soil clay content is a primary soil component influencing soil erosion. Few studies have tested the effect of clay amendment on u*t, especially in the inland Pacific Northwest (iPNW) where there is a high wind erosion risk due to the arid and semi-arid environment. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of soil clay amendment (Wyoming bentonite) on u*t. Bentonite clay was added to four soil types prior to wetting the treated soil to create complete crust cover. The treated soil was then subject to simulated tillage to create an erodible soil surface before determining u*t in a wind tunnel. Clay amendment did not directly impact u*t, but did impact crust and aggregate properties. Crust crushing energy appeared to increase binomially with increasing clay amendment. Statistically significant relationships were found between crust crushing energy and aggregate geometric mean diameter (GMD) and between aggregate GMD and u*t. Clay amendment therefore appeared to indirectly impact u*t due to its impact on aggregate GMD. Our results were similar to previous studies that clay amendment can be effective in stabilizing erosive sandy soil ecosystems.
The Antisemitic Backlash to Financial Power: Conspiracy Theory as a Response to Financial Complexity and Crisis

This article argues that the role of antisemitism in the populist backlash to financial power represents an empirical blind spot in IPE. I argue that the uncertainty and complexity of finance is su...
Substrate adhesion evolves non-monotonically with processing time in millimeter-scale aligned carbon nanotube arrays

The advantageous intrinsic and scale-dependent properties of aligned nanofibers (NFs) and their assembly into 3D architectures motivate their use as dry adhesives and shape-engineerable materials. While controlling NF–substrate adhesion is critical for scaled manufacturing and application-specific performance, current understanding of how this property evolves with processing conditions is limited. In this report, we introduce substrate adhesion predictive capabilities by using an exemplary array of NFs, aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs), studied as a function of their processing. Substrate adhesion is found to scale non-monotonically with process time in a hydrocarbon environment and is investigated via the tensile pull-off of mm-scale CNT arrays from their growth substrate. CNT synthesis follows two regimes: Mode I (‘Growth’) and Mode II (‘Post-Growth’), separated by growth termination. Within 10 minutes of post-growth, experiments and modeling indicate an order-of-magnitude increase in CNT array–substrate adhesion strength (∼40 to 285 kPa) and effective elastic array modulus (∼6 to 47 MPa), and a two-orders-of-magnitude increase in the single CNT–substrate adhesion force (∼0.190 to 12.3 nN) and work of adhesion (∼0.07 to 1.5 J m−2), where the iron catalyst is found to remain on the substrate. Growth number decay in Mode I and carbon accumulation in Mode II contribute to the mechanical response, which may imply a change in the deformation mechanism. Predictive capabilities of the model are assessed for previously studied NF arrays, suggesting that the current framework can enable the future design and manufacture of high-value NF array applications.
Patents and Small Participants in the Smartphone Industry

For intellectual property law and policy, the impact that patent rights may have on the ability of small companies to compete in the smartphone market is a critically important issue for continued robust innovation. Open and competitive markets provide vitality for the development of smartphone technologies. Nevertheless, the impact of patent rights on the smartphone industry is an unexplored area of empirical research. Thus, this Article seeks to show how patent rights affect the ability of small participants to enter, compete, and exit smartphone markets. The study collected and used comprehensive empirical data on patent grants, venture funding, mergers and acquisitions, initial public offerings, patent litigation, and marketing research data. This Article shows empirically that small participants succeed in the market when they have a low and specific critical mass of patents and that this success exceeds the general norms in the startup world. Surprisingly, the analysis demonstrates that the level of financing and market success do not increase with larger patent portfolios. Lastly, despite the controversies over patent trolls, this Article demonstrates that patent litigation, whether from operating companies or NPEs, does not appear to be a significant concern for small players and does not appear to pose barriers to entry. The Article concludes by arguing that patent rights are providing incentives for innovation among small industry players and that contrary to some expectations, patent rights support competitiveness in the smartphone industry for small market players.
Information and Index Arbitrage

A random cash/futures basis is derived in a dynamic multimarket learning game with sequential information shocks and strategic arbitrageurs who trade to exploit gaps in the basis. Statistical properties of our theoretical basis are derived both with and without index arbitrage. We find that basis volatility, a measure of intermarket mispricing, may initially increase even as individual prices become more precise and that arbitrage reduces basis volatility. The model is also used to analyze regulatory issues such as the possible impact of "circuit breakers" on the quality of the trading process.
Laboratory Evaluation and Pathological Workup of Neoplastic Monocytosis — Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia and Beyond

Monocytosis is a distinct but non-specific manifestation of various physiologic and pathologic conditions. Among hematopoietic stem cell neoplasms, depending on the criteria used for disease classification, monocytosis may be a consistent and integral component of diseases such as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia with monocytic differentiation, or it may represent an inconsistent finding that often provides a clue to the underlying genetic changes driving the neoplasm. The purpose of this review is to provide the readers with a laboratory-based approach to neoplastic monocytosis. In-depth elucidation of the genomic landscape of myeloid neoplasms within the past few years has broadened our understanding of monocytosis and its implications for diagnosis and prognosis. Genetic findings also shed light on potential disease response — or lack thereof — to various therapeutic agents used in the setting of myeloid neoplasms. In this review, we provide our approach to diagnose neoplastic monocytosis in the context of case-based studies while incorporating the most recent literature on this topic.
The Role of Teaching Goals and Instructional Technology Perceptions in Faculty Members’ Technology Use

This study portrays profile uses of technology in the classroom by faculty at a school of education at a university in Central California (N = 47). First, it describes their professional uses of certain technology on a frequency scale. Second, it reports the effects of faculty’s teaching philosophy and perceptions of instructional technology (IT) in their teaching practice with regards to use of technology. This study employed quantitative data analysis. The findings indicate that faculty’s teaching goals and perception of the learning environment play an important role in determining their uses of technology. Third, it reveals faculty’s motivation and challenges to use certain technological tools in their teaching. Specifically, the participants reported high levels of motivation for using various new technologies, minimal challenges to IT use in their classroom and their actual uses of such technology being unknown. Given the faculty’s high motivation (or absence of barriers) of using various innovative technology, one of the suggestions for future professional development programs is to offer training which moves beyond understanding how to use technology, and addresses the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching with technology.
Development and Initial Validation of the Political Identity and Relational Impact Scale

The Political Identity and Relational Impact Scale (PIRI) is a self-report scale of personal and relational responses to political conflict. This article describes the development and exploratory f...
An Experimental Study for Evaluating the Disintegration Behavior of Clay-Bearing Rocks under Field Conditions

Disintegration of clay-bearing rocks under field conditions involves exposure to heating and cooling, wetting and drying, and freezing and thawing cycles depending upon the region where disintegration occurs. This study evaluated disintegration behavior of common clay-bearing rocks, including 5 claystones, 5 mudstones, 5 siltstones, and 5 shales, by exposing them to the natural climatic conditions for 1–12 months. After each month, one replicate sample of each of the 20 clay-bearing rocks was taken out from the natural exposure to determine their grain size distributions. Using the grain size distribution curves, disintegration ratio (DR), defined as the ratio of the area under the grain size distribution curve of the disintegrated material for a given sample to the total area encompassing all grain size distributions, was determined to assess the amount of disintegration. Most claystone, mudstone, and shale samples disintegrated extensively and rapidly during the first 3 months of exposure to natural climatic conditions, exhibiting a much slower and gradual disintegration after 6 months. DR values after 3 months showed that claystones were the least durable (DR = 0.223) and siltstones were the most durable (DR = 0.698) among the four types of clay-bearing rocks. This study provided insights about the nature and extent of disintegration for clay-bearing rocks under specific climatic conditions of Ohio and the adjacent states.
Multilogue on the Preparation, Practice and Politics of Teachers

Teachers are key actors in the field of education. It is not surprising, therefore, that educational reformers identify the teachers’ preparation and practice as major reasons for the poor quality of education and as core elements of initiatives to improve educational quality (e.g., see Craig et al., 1998; Darling-Hammond, 2000; Good et al., 2009; Griffin, 2012; Karras & Wolhuter, 2011; UNESCO, 2006).
Du Bois's Dialectics: Black Radical Politics and the Reconstruction of Critical Social Theory

Chapter 1 Preface and Acknowedgments: Du Bois's Dialectics and the Africana Tradition of Critical Theory Chapter 2 1. Introduction: Du Bois, the Renewal of Black Radical Politics, and the Reconstruction of Critical Social Theory Chapter 3 2. Africana Critical Pedagogy: Du Bois's Philosophy of Education, Sociology of Education, Anthropology of Education, and Critical Educational Theory Chapter 4 3. The Du Bois-Washington Debate: Social Leadership, Intellectual Legacy, and the Lingering Problematics of African American Politics Chapter 5 4. The Prophet of Problems: Du Bois's Philosophy of Religion, Sociology of Religion, Critique of the Black (and White) Church, and Critical Theory of Liberation Theology Chapter 6 5. Critical Reparations Theory: Du Bois's Revolutionary Pan-Africanism and Revolutionary Humanism Chapter 7 6. Conclusion: The Souls of Black Radical Folk: Du Bois, Africana Studies, and the Crises of Contemporary Critical Social Theory
Supercluster Infall Models

We investigate the structure of the velocity field around large clusters formed in Ω = 1 cosmological N-body simulations, that form large scale structure in reasonable agreement with observations. We can test the applicability of spherical infall models commonly used to measure the mass of the Virgo supercluster and the cosmological density parameter. The spherical model is seen to be reasonably accurate for mean overdensity δ < 3, but only when the infall velocity is averaged over 4π steradians. Large asphericities in the flow field are the norm, even at low overdensi-ties. These asphericities result from significant subclustering seen on small scales and from the non-spherical nature of the exterior mass distribution. The simple spherical model for the Virgocentric flow as a measure for Ω is subject to large systematic and random errors. A much better test is to use a model independent, local criterion, noting that the local peculiar force field determines the local peculiar velocity extremely well both in direction and in amplitude. This relationship which must be valid in linear theory can be extended surprisingly well into the non-linear perturbations of the developing clusters.
Biochemistry of DNA-defective amber mutants of bacteriophage T4. II. Intracellular DNA forms in infection by gene 44 mutants.

As an approach to localizing the biochemical defect in B strains of Escherichia coli infected with T4 am-N82, an amber mutant defective in gene 44, we have labeled intracellular polynucleotide components by infection in the presence of [3H]thymidine, and we have examined the labeled material in sucrose gradients after gentle lysis of the cells. N82 can direct the synthesis of early DNA, an addition of polynucleotide material to parental molecules, which occurs in the first five minutes after infection (Murray & Mathews, 1969). Later than five minutes no further incorporation occurs, and the early-incorporated label shifts to a heavier position in a sucrose gradient. The sedimentation rate of this latter structure is dependent upon the multiplicity of infection, suggesting that it is composed primarily of parental material. Kinetics of [3H]thymidine incorporation support this, since there is not sufficient incorporation to account for formation of such a structure de novo. Moreover, labeled parental DNA cosediments with the [3H]thymidine-containing material. The structure is extremely susceptible to degradation by shear, suggesting that it is a linear aggregate of parental DNA molecules. The possible relationship of this structure to previously characterized intermediates in T4 DNA replication is discussed.
Norwegian American Women: Migration, Communities, and Identities

Review of: "Norwegian American Women: Migration, Communities, and Identities," edited by Betty A. Bergland and Lori Ann Lahlum.
Applications in Constraint Logic Programming with Strings

In this paper, we discuss CLP(S) which combines logic programming with constraint solving over strings and show how CLP(S) can be used naturally in several applications ranging from natural language processing, to encoding of genetic operators and DNA grammar rules, to scene analysis in iconic image processing.
Clinical observation on infantile chronic superficial gastritis treated by acupuncture and Tuina

Objective To observe the clinical effects of acupuncture and Tuina treatment for infantile chronic superficial gastritis.
Inhibition of the Warburg effect with a natural compound reveals a novel measurement for determining the metastatic potential of breast cancers

Metabolism is an important differentiating feature of cancer cells. Lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) A/B are metabolically important proteins and are involved in the critical step of inter-conversion of lactate to pyruvate. Panepoxydone (PP), a natural NF-kB inhibitor, significantly reduces the oxygen consumption and lactate production of MCF-7 and triple negative (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-453) breast cancer cells. We further observed that PP inhibited mitochondrial membrane potential and the ATP synthesis using flow cytometry. PP also up-regulated LDH-B and down-regulated LDH-A expression levels in all breast cancer cells to similar levels observed in HMEC cells. Over-expression of LDH-B in cancer cell lines leads to enhanced apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and reduced cell migration. Analyzing the patient data set GDS4069 available on the GEO website, we observed 100% of non TNBC and 60% of TNBC patients had less LDH-B expression than LDH-A expression levels. Herein we report a new term called Glycolytic index, a novel method to calculate utilization of oxidative phosphorylation in breast cancer cells through measuring the ratio of the LDH-B to LDH-A. Furthermore, inhibitors of NF-kB could serve as a therapeutic agent for targeting metabolism and for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
NETEST: Estimating a Terrorist Network's Structure—Graduate Student Best Paper Award, CASOS 2002 Conference

Since the events of September 11, 2001, the United States has found itself engaged in an unconventional and asymmetric form of warfare against elusive terrorist organizations. Defense and investigative organizations require innovative solutions that will assist them in determining the membership and structure of these organizations. Data on covert organizations are often in the form of disparate and incomplete inferences of memberships and connections between members. NETEST is a tool that combines multi-agent technology with hierarchical Bayesian inference models and biased net models to produce accurate posterior representations of a network. Bayesian inference models produce representations of a network's structure and informant accuracy by combining prior network and accuracy data with informant perceptions of a network. Biased net theory examines and captures the biases that may exist in a specific network or set of networks. Using NETEST, an investigator has the power to estimate a network's size, determine its membership and structure, determine areas of the network where data is missing, perform cost/benefit analysis of additional information, assess group level capabilities embedded in the network, and pose “what if” scenarios to destabilize a network and predict its evolution over time.
Hospitality Education in a Changing Environment

This section is intended to accommodate short viewpoints related to hospitality education and research, rejoinders, commentaries, and rebuttals on the contents of H.E.R. Manuscripts in this section are not referred. However, the Editor reserves the right to evaluate materials for their applicability and usefulness. All manuscripts must be prepared in the appropriate Hospitality Education and Research Journal style and not exceed 3, 000 words.
Chemical changes induced in DNA by ionizing radiation.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effects of ionizing radiation on DNA. It focuses on the effects produced by irradiation in the presence of oxygen. The radiations whose effects are covered in the chapter—X rays, γ rays, and high energy electrons—interact with matter by transferring energy to the electrons in the irradiated sample. Usually, radiation effects on particular molecules, such as DNA, are ascribed to the sum of two processes: direct action and indirect action. By direct action, the effects of energy are deposited directly in the target molecule. By indirect action, the effects of reactive species are formed in the surroundings that diffuse to the target molecule and react with it. For DNA in dilute aqueous solution, the effects of irradiation are caused by the products formed by the action of ionizing radiations on water: the OH radical, the hydrated electron, the H atom, H2O2, and H2. OH radicals are the only reactive species in oxygenated solutions that react with any efficiency with the sugar. H atoms attached to each of the five carbon atoms can be extracted by OH. In oxygenated solution, oxygen reacts rapidly and irreversibly with each of the carbon radicals so formed. Extraction of an H atom from the 4´-C or the 5´-C of the sugar, then addition of O2, leads to strand breaks. H atom extraction from the 3'-C leads to unknown products. Extraction from C-1´ or C´-2 leads to alkali-labile bonds, which differ from the AP (apurinic or apyrimidinic) site formed by the depurination of DNA.
Pre-activated human mesenchymal stromal cells in combination with doxorubicin synergistically enhance tumor-suppressive activity in mice

Abstract Background aims Previously, we showed that human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) were activated to express tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) upon TNF-α stimulation, induced cell death in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells (MDA), and RNA released from apoptotic MDA further increased TRAIL expression in hMSCs. This feed-forward stimulation increased apoptosis in MDA cells. Here, we tested whether TRAIL-expressing hMSCs, in combination with a sub-toxic-dose of a chemotherapy drug doxorubicin, would overcome TRAIL resistance and create synergistic effects on targeting metastatic TNBC. Methods To optimize conditions for the combination treatment, we (i) selected an optimal condition to activate hMSCs for TRAIL expression, (ii) selected an optimal dose of doxorubicin treatment, (iii) examined underlying mechanisms in vitro and (iv) tested the efficacy of the optimized conditions in a xenograft mouse model of human breast cancer lung metastasis. Results The results showed that DNA fragments from apoptotic MDA triggered hMSCs to increase further TRAIL expression in an absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)–dependent manner, and thus higher TRAIL-expressing hMSCs stimulated with synthetic DNA, poly(deoxyadenylic-deoxythymidylic) acid [poly(dA:dT)], more effectively suppressed tumor progression in vivo . Furthermore, activated hMSCs increased apoptosis in MDA cells when combined with a sub-toxic dose of doxorubicin, which was mediated by up-regulating TRAIL and Fas-related pathways. When we combined the optimized conditions, pre-activated hMSCs with poly (dA:dT) synergistically reduced tumor burden even with minimal doxorubicin treatment in a xenograft mouse model of human breast cancer lung metastasis. Conclusions These results suggest that the treatment of hMSCs with a sub-toxic dose of doxorubicin can overcome TRAIL resistance and be a potential novel therapy for TNBC metastasis treatment.
Comparing treatment policies with assistance from the structural nested mean model

Treatment policies, also known as dynamic treatment regimes, are sequences of decision rules that link the observed patient history with treatment recommendations. Multiple, plausible, treatment policies are frequently constructed by researchers using expert opinion, theories, and reviews of the literature. Often these different policies represent competing approaches to managing an illness. Here, we develop an "assisted estimator" that can be used to compare the mean outcome of competing treatment policies. The term "assisted" refers to the fact estimators from the Structural Nested Mean Model, a parametric model for the causal effect of treatment at each time point, are used in the process of estimating the mean outcome. This work is motivated by our work on comparing the mean outcome of two competing treatment policies using data from the ExTENd study in alcohol dependence.
Pacific Island 'Awa (Kava) Extracts, but not Isolated Kavalactones, Promote Proinflammatory Responses in Model Mast Cells

Kava ('Awa) is a traditional water-based beverage in Pacific island communities, prepared from the ground root and stems of Piper methysticum. Kava use is associated with an ichthyotic dermatitis and delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. In the current study we collated preparative methodologies from cultural practitioners and recreational kava users in various Pacific communities. We standardized culturally informed aqueous extraction methods and prepared extracts that were subjected to basic physicochemical analysis. Mast cells exposed to these extracts displayed robust intracellular free calcium responses, and concomitant release of proinflammatory mediators. In contrast, mast cells were refractory to single or combinatorial stimulation with kavalactones, including methysticin, dihydromethysticin and kavain. Moreover, we reproduced a traditional modification of the kava preparation methodology, pre-mixing with the mucilage of Hibiscus tiliaceus, and observed its potentiating effect on the activity of aqueous extracts in mast cells. Taken together, these data indicate that water extractable active ingredients may play a role in the physiological and pathophysiological effects of kava, and suggests that mast cell activation may be a mechanistic component of kava-related skin inflammations.
Lack of Dependence of the Sizes of the Mesoscopic Protein Clusters on Electrostatics

Protein-rich clusters of steady submicron size and narrow size distribution exist in protein solutions in apparent violation of the classical laws of phase equilibrium. Even though they contain a minor fraction of the total protein, evidence suggests that they may serve as essential precursors for the nucleation of ordered solids such as crystals, sickle-cell hemoglobin polymers, and amyloid fibrils. The cluster formation mechanism remains elusive. We use the highly basic protein lysozyme at nearly neutral and lower pH as a model and explore the response of the cluster population to the electrostatic forces, which govern numerous biophysical phenomena, including crystallization and fibrillization. We tune the strength of intermolecular electrostatic forces by varying the solution ionic strength I and pH and find that despite the weaker repulsion at higher I and pH, the cluster size remains constant. Cluster responses to the presence of urea and ethanol demonstrate that cluster formation is controlled by hydrophobic interactions between the peptide backbones, exposed to the solvent after partial protein unfolding that may lead to transient protein oligomers. These findings reveal that the mechanism of the mesoscopic clusters is fundamentally different from those underlying the two main classes of ordered protein solid phases, crystals and amyloid fibrils, and partial unfolding of the protein chain may play a significant role.
Modeling the Evolution of Genetic Architecture: A Continuum of Alleles Model with Pairwise A×A Epistasis

Abstract A continuum of alleles model with pair-wise A×A epistasis is proposed and its transmission genetic, and variational properties are analysed. The basic idea is that genes control the values of underlying variables, which affect the genotypic value of phenotypic characters proportional to a “scaling factor”. Epistasis is the influence of one gene on the average effect of another gene. In this model, epistasis is introduced as a mutational effect of one gene on the scaling factors of another gene. In accordance with empirical results, the model assumes that the average direct effect of mutations is zero, as is the average epistatic effect. The model predicts that, on average, a mutation at one locus increases the expected mutational variance of mutations at another interacting locus. The increase in mutational variance is predicted to be equal to the variance of the pair-wise epistatic effects. This result is consistent with the observation that mutant phenotypes tend to be more variable than the wildtype phenotype. Another generic result of this model is that the frequency of canalizing mutations can at most be equal to the frequency of de-canalizing mutations. Furthermore, it is predicted that the mutational variance of a character increases at least linearly with the size of the character; hence this model is scale variant. In the case of two characters it is shown that the dimensionality of the locus-specific mutational effect distribution is invariant, i.e. the rank of the mutational covariance matrix M is invariant. While in additive models the mutational covariance matrix is always and entirely invariant, the invariance in the case of epistatic models is unexpected. Epistatic interactions can change the magnitude of the mutational (co)variances at a locus and can thus influence the structure of the mutational covariance matrix. However, in the present model the dimensionality of the mutational effect distribution remains the same. A consequence of this result is that, in this model, the genetic architecture of a set of characters is always evolvable i.e. no hard constraints can evolve.