cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LARVAL DEVELOPMENT, METAMORPHOSIS AND EARLY GROWTH OF THE GUMBOOT CHITON CRYPTOCHITON STELLERI (MIDDENDORFF, 1847) (POLYPLACOPHORA: MOPALIIDAE) ON THE OREGON COAST

Cryptochiton stelleri is the largest herbivore in the intertidal and subtidal zone throughout its North Pacific range, but its larval development and metamorphosis have not been well documented. A description of larval development for specimens in Hokkaido, Japan, has been used in multiple textbooks yet shows many features atypical of chiton development. In the present study in Oregon, C. stelleri larvae were raised in culture and displayed developmental stages similar to other chitons, very different from the previous description. Plate development began 3 days after hatching. Larvae were competent beginning 3 days posthatching and metamorphosed in response to extract from encrusting coralline algae. Larvae survived for over a month without metamorphosing and did not metamorphose in response to increased temperature, presence of adults or the addition of algal foods of adults or juveniles. Juvenile C. stelleri were discovered in the field and grew c. 4 mm per month in captivity. Juveniles had exposed shell plates and fed on the red alga Cryptopleura.
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer: clinical, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic studies of a case and review of the literature.

Abstract Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is a well-known complication of amiodarone treatment found in 3% to 12% of patients. Two types of AIT have been described, each associated with a distinct histologic pattern of thyroid involvement. Type 1, which typically develops in the background of pre-existing thyroid disease, is due to iodine-induced excess thyroid hormone synthesis, whereas type 2 is due to destructive thyroiditis. The prevalence of thyroid cancer in patients with AIT is unknown. We report a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with type 2 AIT.
The effect of embryonic development on the thickness of the egg shells of coturnix quail.

Abstract The average thickness of the shells from 75 unincubated coturnix quail eggs was found to be 0.193 mm. This was 7.3 percent greater than the average thickness (0.179 mm.) of the shells from 60 fully incubated eggs from the same hens. The two sets of eggs were collected simultaneously. This thickness difference was statistically significant (t-test:p
Morphometric study of distance between posterior inferior iliac spine and ischial spine of the human hip bone for sex determination

Background: Objective of current study was to study the distance between Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine and Ischial Spine (PIIS-IS) of human hip bone for determination of sex. Methods: The study comprised unpaired 149 adult human hip bones of known sex. The posterior inferior iliac spine and ischial spine were identified in all the hip bones and a vernier calliper was used to measure the distance between the PIIS-IS. Results: It was observed that the mean distance of PIIS-IS in males and females were 49.64 mm and 54.35 mm respectively. The standard deviation in males was 5.75 mm and that of females was 5.15 mm. Maximum no. i.e. 78.66% of males & 62.16% comes under the range of distance between 41-55 mm. Conclusion: It was observed that out of 149 hip bones taken for study 75 were of males and 74 were of females. The Mean distance in females was observed to be greater in comparison to males. Statistically calculated T- test reveals that the parameter taken for study is very highly significant in terms of sex differentiation.
Cost comparison of strategies for the management of venous thromboembolic event risk following laparotomy for ovarian cancer

Abstract Objective To evaluate the costs and effectiveness of thromboprophylaxis strategies following laparotomy for ovarian cancer. Methods We constructed a decision model to evaluate six strategies for management of postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk: (1) no thromboprophylaxis; (2) inpatient sequential compression device (SCD); (3) inpatient unfractionated heparin (UFH) 5000 units TID; (4) inpatient low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) 40mg daily; (5) UFH 5000 units TID×1month; (6) LMWH 40mg daily×1month. Rates of VTE, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and significant bleeding for each strategy were obtained from published literature. Costs were based on institutional charges or obtained from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Nationwide Inpatient Sample database for 2008 and average wholesale pricing. Sensitivity analyses were performed to account for uncertainty in estimates. Results In the base case, UFH×1month was the least expensive (mean cost $1611) and most effective (VTE risk 1.9%) strategy. LMWH×1month was equally effective but more expensive ($2197). Inpatient UFH, inpatient LMWH, and SCDs were less effective and more expensive than UFH×1month. In the sensitivity analysis, cost rankings remained unchanged unless the baseline probability of VTE was assumed $4500. LMWH×1month became least expensive when cost was decreased 38%. Conclusion Based on current evidence, extended prophylaxis with UFH is the least expensive and most effective strategy to prevent postoperative VTE following laparotomy for ovarian cancer.
Role of a critical visceral adipose tissue threshold (CVATT) in metabolic syndrome: implications for controlling dietary carbohydrates: a review

There are likely many scenarios and pathways that can lead to metabolic syndrome. This paper reviews mechanisms by which the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) may contribute to the metabolic syndrome, and explores the paradigm of a critical VAT threshold (CVATT). Exceeding the CVATT may result in a number of metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance to glucose uptake by cells. Metabolic profiles of patients with visceral obesity may substantially improve after only modest weight loss. This could reflect a significant reduction in the amount of VAT relative to peripheral or subcutaneous fat depots, thereby maintaining VAT below the CVATT. The CVATT may be unique for each individual. This may help explain the phenomena of apparently lean individuals with metabolic syndrome, the so-called metabolically normal weight (MONW), as well as the obese with normal metabolic profiles, i.e., metabolically normal obese (MNO), and those who are "fit and fat." The concept of CVATT may have implications for prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, which may include controlling dietary carbohydrates. The identification of the CVATT is admittedly difficult and its anatomical boundaries are not well-defined. Thus, the CVATT will continue to be a work in progress.
Retroviral recombination is temperature dependent.

Two conflicting in vitro observations suggest that retroviral recombinations are temperature dependent. Ouhammouch & Brody (Nucleic Acids Research 20, 5443–5450, 1992) suggested that retroviral recombination rates should increase as temperature increases. However, Shimomaye & Salvato (Gene Analysis Techniques 6, 25–28, 1989) and Brooks et al. (Biotechniques 19, 806–812, 814–815, 1985) found that at low temperature the tightly folded structure of RNAs may hinder reverse transcription proceeding along the RNA template, which increases its chance of dissociating from the template; therefore, raising the reaction temperature was the simplest way to overcome template secondary structure and prevent premature termination of cDNA synthesis. In this report, two vectors based on murine leukaemia virus (MLV) were constructed. The first contained two mutated gfp genes in tandem positions. The upstream gfp gene encoded a mutation at its 3′ end, while the downstream gfp gene encoded a mutation at its 5′ end. The recombination that occurred between the two mutated gfp genes restored a functional gfp gene. The cells that contained the functional gfp gene were green when observed under a fluorescence microscope. The second MLV vector contained a functional gfp gene with two identical sequences flanking either end. A recombination that occurred between the two identical sequences resulted in deletion of the gfp gene. Cells containing the vector with the gfp deletion were colourless or clear when observed under the microscope. Using these two vectors, we have demonstrated that retroviral recombination is temperature dependent and the rate of recombination decreases as temperature is raised from 31 to 43 °C.
Does the Presence of Sexually Oriented Businesses Relate to Increased Levels of Crime? An Examination Using Spatial Analyses

Scholarly debate about whether the presence of sexually oriented businesses in a community is related to increased levels of crime has been present for several decades. This argument about the “secondary effects” of such businesses shows support for the link to increased crime as well as evidence of a lack of relationship. This article addresses this debate, presenting findings from three spatial analyses using varying-sized buffer zones of rates of violent, property, and public order offenses in the vicinity of sexually oriented businesses in Louisville, Kentucky. Results show that sexually oriented businesses are associated with much higher rates of all types of offenses in the immediate vicinity of the business and continue to have significant effects on crime levels as one moves further from the business. At the site of the sexually oriented business, community, social and economic characteristics are outweighed by the effect of the business; in farther-reaching buffer zones, community characteristics...
Tracking spectral resonances

An adaptive filter approach that tracks the time-varying parameters of the vocal tract and updates the parameters during the glottal closed phase interval can reduce the formant estimation error. The authors describe three adaptive algorithms for estimating time-varying vocal track parameters: weighted recursive least squared (WRLS), WRLS with variable forgetting factor (WRLS-VFF), and weighted least squared lattice (WLSL). A recursive equation to update the forgetting factor in the WRLS-VFF algorithm is derived, and experimental results for both synthetic and real speech for the above algorithms are given. Results show that the WRLS-VFF algorithm offers a more accurate formant estimation and a faster formant tracking ability than either the WLSL or the WRLS algorithm. >
Industrial Buying And The Divergence Of Capital Budgeting Theory And Practice: An Exploration

This exploratory paper suggests that a stage-gate industrial buying model may provide an explanation for the divergence of capital budgeting theory and practice. Not surprisingly, we find that qualitative and quantitative characteristics of projects are perceived to vary in complexity. More importantly, our results indicate that these characteristics vary in importance as they proceed to each subsequent stage, and that the idea of selling projects at each subsequent stage by packaging the projects; emphasizing those aspects deemed important or of appropriate complexity and de-emphasizing others. We relate these results to current theory and practice and suggest further investigation.
Elderly Woman with Abdominal Pain: Bedside Ultrasound Diagnosis of Diverticulitis.

A 72-year-old otherwise healthy female presented to the emergency department with two weeks of worsening abdominal pain. She was afebrile with normal vital signs. Her physical examination was notable for moderate abdominal tenderness without rebound to the left and suprapubic regions of the abdomen. Laboratory studies were remarkable for a white blood cell count of 13,000/mm3. A focused bedside ultrasound over the patient’s region of maximal discomfort revealed a thickened bowel wall and several small contiguous hypoechoic projections surrounding a hyperechoic center, suggestive of diverticulitis (Figure). She was given metronidazole and ciprofloxacin and her diagnosis of uncomplicated colonic diverticulitis was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) (Figure). Figure Transabdominal sonographic view of the patient’s abdomen (Left) and associated axial computed tomography (Right) revealing inflamed diverticula (arrow). Related imaging findings of diverticulitis such as edematous diverticula with thickened hypoechoic ... Acute diverticulitis resulting from inflammation of colonic diverticulum affects over half the population greater 65 years of age.1,2 While an estimated 85% of cases resolve with nonoperative care, complications such as large abscesses, fistula formation, perforation, and peritonitis do occur.1 CT is typically employed to diagnose presumed diverticulitis and recognize the presence of complicated disease, but for several decades ultrasound has been increasingly described as a similarly useful imaging modality.1–5 Particularly in cases of suspected uncomplicated diverticulitis, abdominal ultrasound may reach the diagnostic reliability of CT.1,2,4,5 Ultrasound may detect edema leading to loss of normal bowel architecture, identify inflamed diverticula, and expose mesenteric or omental fat.2–4 Key described songraphic findings include the following: edematous diverticula with thickened hypoechoic walls and hyperechoic centers, air containing diverticula with subsequent hyperechoic acoustic shadowing artifact, enlarged colonic walls greater then 5mm, and surrounding hyperechoic zones representing inflamed fat.1–4 Focused bedside imaging of the area of pain and tenderness may aid in initiation of early antibiotic treatment pending any additional confirmatory studies, but imaging can be hindered by neighboring bowel gas and CT or other complementary imaging may be warranted to search for complications or reveal alternative diagnoses.1,2
Schwierigkeiten der Spirochätenforschung

In Abschnitt V finden sich eine Reihe historischer Beispiele verzeichnet, die Schwierigkeiten der Spirochatenforschung und Irrlaufe des Spitochatenforschers gut illustrieren. Hier mag noch auf einige besondere Punkte hingewiesen werden.
Associations of Epiphytic Macroinvertebrates within Four Assemblages of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in a Recovering Urban Lake

Abstract Onondaga Lake in Syracuse, NY, is recovering from a century of industrial and municipal pollution. The distribution and diversity of aquatic macrophytes have increased significantly in the past decade, and the plants currently cover 80% of the littoral area. To assess the effects of aquatic vegetation on aquatic biota, we employed quantitative sampling to examine associations of epiphytic macroinvertebrates in 4 assemblages of submerged aquatic vegetation in Onondaga Lake in 2010 and 2011. Two assemblages were predominantly monocultures—one of Stuckenia pectinata (Sago Pondweed) and the other of Chara sp. (stonewort). The third was dominated by Potamogeton foliosus (Leafy Pondweed) and Potamogeton pusillus (Small Pondweed), and the fourth was a heterogeneous community that included Ceratophyllum demersum (Coon's Tail), Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian Watermilfoil), and Elodea canadensis (Canadian Waterweed). Measures of invertebrate community composition—which included taxa richness, ETO richness...
Mutual Mentoring for Early-Career and Underrepresented Faculty: Model, Research, and Practice

In the beginning, “Mutual Mentoring” was little more than an idea, a hopeful vision of the future in which a new model of mentoring could serve as a medium to better support early-career and underrepresented faculty. Over time, Mutual Mentoring evolved from an innovative idea to an ambitious pilot program to a fully operational, campus-wide initiative. This article describes the conceptualization, design, implementation, and evaluation of a Mutual Mentoring initiative from 2006 to 2014. Findings indicate that faculty members who participated in this initiative were more likely to regard mentoring as a career-enhancing activity as well as to develop mutually beneficial mentoring relationships than were their non-participating peers.
The Constitutional, Educational, and Institutional Implications of the Majority and Concurring Opinions in Parents Involved for Community Schools

In Parents Involved for Community Schools v. Seattle School District, the Supreme Court of the United States held that “a public school that had not operated legally segregated schools or has been found to be unitary” may not “choose to classify students by race and rely upon that classification in making school assignments.” That holding represents a judicial bombshell for the Nation’s school districts. Except in those previously segregated districts that have not been declared unitary by the federal courts, school officials may not utilize race in making individual student assignments. School districts that presently do so must change their policies. As a practical matter, racial integration will be difficult, if not impossible, to achieve.Yet, while the decision has an enormous impact on school districts, the Opinion of the Court, Chief Justice Roberts’ four-Justice plurality, and the concurring opinions of Justices Kennedy and Thomas represent a profound change. The five Justices in the majority - Chief Justice Roberts and Justices Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, and Alito - have written opinions that have significant implications for constitutional law, educational policy, and the Court’s institutional role. The purpose of this essay is to explore the constitutional, educational policy, and institutional implications of the Opinion of the Court, Chief Justice Roberts’ four-Justice plurality, and the concurring opinions of Justices Kennedy and Thomas. This purpose is accomplished in three distinct sections. The first section details the constitutional implications. The second section explores the educational policy implications. The final section addresses the institutional implications.
Abstract 4639: Prognostic significance and molecular associations ofCDKN2A(p16) promoter methylation and loss of expression in colorectal cancer

Background: p16 (CDKN2A/Ink4a) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and functions as a tumor suppressor. CDKN2A promoter methylation and gene silencing are associated with the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in colorectal cancer. However, prognostic significance of CDKN2A methylation or loss of p16 expression independent of CIMP status has not been studied. Patients and Methods: Utilizing 940 colorectal cancers (stage I-IV) in two independent cohort studies (the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study), we quantified DNA methylation in the CDKN2A promoter real-time PCR (MethyLight) and detected hypermethylation in 269 tumors (29%). By immunohistochemistry, we detected loss of p16 (CDKN2A) expression in 25% (200/804) of tumors. We also analyzed DNA methylation in LINE-1 and 7 other CpG islands (CACNA1G, CRABP1, IGF2, MLH1, NEUROG1, RUNX3 and SOCS1); microsatellite instability (MSI); KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations; and expression of β-catenin, p53, p21, p27, cyclin D1, fatty acid synthase (FASN), and cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2, COX-2). Results: In multivariate logistic regression analysis, CDKN2A methylation was independently associated with CIMP-high [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 41.6; 95% CI, 21.6-80.0; vs. CIMP-0], CIMP-low (adjusted OR 5.66; 95% CI, 3.75-8.53; vs. CIMP-0), and COX-2 negativity (adjusted OR 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29-0.74; COX-2 -positive vs. negative). Both CDKN2A promoter methylation and loss of p16 were significantly associated with high overall mortality in univariate Cox regression analysis [hazard ratio (HR), 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07-1.60; p=0.009 (CDKN2A methylation), HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.03-1.63; p=0.026 (loss of p16)] but not in multivariate analysis [HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.57-1.09; p=0.14 (CDKN2A methylation), HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.79-1.27; p=0.98]. Conclusion: Both CDKN2A promoter methylation and loss of p16 expression in colorectal cancer are not independently associated with patient survival. However, CDKN2A promoter methylation is independently associated with CIMP and COX-2 negativity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4639.
Acclimation and deacclimation of primary bud cold hardiness in ‘Norton’, ‘Vignoles’ and ‘St. Vincent’ grapevines

SummaryAcclimation and deacclimation of primary bud cold hardiness in ‘Norton’, ‘Vignoles’, and ‘St. Vincent’ grapevines were studied at Southwest Missouri State University Research Campus in Mountain Grove, Missouri, USA. Canes from mature vines were acclimated at -10°C for 7 d and then subjected to deacclimation at 20°C for 1,2,3,5 and 7 d in January and February 1997.During 1997-98 winter season, they were acclimated at -7°C and deacclimated at 20°C for 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 d in December, February, and March. Cold hardiness of primary buds under field temperature conditions was also evaluated at the same time as the buds treated under laboratory conditions. Cold hardiness of primary buds was influenced by temperature regimes, and the length of exposure time to acclimating and deacclimating temperatures. ‘Norton’ was the most cold hardy and ‘St Vincent’ was the least cold hardy cultivar, while ‘Vignoles’ was least sensitive to acclimating and deacclimating temperatures. Cold hardiness of primary buds decre...
Examining the Causal Impact of the Voting Rights Act Language Minority Provisions

The following study investigates the causal impact of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) language minority provisions, which mandate multilingual election assistance if certain population thresholds are met. While lower rates of Latino and Asian American political participation are often attributed to language barriers, scholars have yet to establish a direct impact of the provisions on electoral behavior. Building off of previous state- and county-level analyses, we leverage an individual-level voter file database to focus on participation by Latino and Asian American citizens in 1,465 counties and municipalities nationwide. Utilizing a regression discontinuity design, we examine rates of voter registration and turnout in the 2012 election, comparing individual participation rates in jurisdictions just above and just below the threshold for coverage. Our analysis attributes a significant increase in Latino voter registration and Asian American turnout to coverage under the VRA.
Enhanced Light Collection from a Point Fluorescent Source Using Multiscale Optics

We have demonstrated enhancement of point source light collection by a factor of 18 over a traditional f/2.55 imaging system (~17%) across a 15 mm object space by integrating a high numerical aperture micromirror.
Dietary chloride modifies renin release in normal humans

The effect of high and low chloride diets on the responses of plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (ANG II), and aldosterone (Aldo) to upright posture was studied in the same normal subjects in balance on constant sodium intake. Diet 1 consisted of 10 meq Na/day (low Na) and either 50 or 150 meq Cl/day. Diet 2 consisted of 200 meq Na/day (high Na) and either 20 or 200 meq Cl/day. The mean recumbent PRA level on the high Na-high Cl diet tended to be lower than on the high Na-low Cl diet but was not significantly different. However, the absolute peak upright PRA levels, 8.8 +/- 1.0 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.8 ng . ml-1 . h-1, and the incremental difference (delta PRA) between recumbent and peak upright PRA levels, 5.5 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.5 ng . ml-1 . h-1, were significantly less on the high Na-high Cl diet compared with the high Na-low Cl diet. Similar significant changes were seen in ANG II and Aldo levels. However, there were no significant changes in PRA, ANG II, and Aldo responses to upright posture on the low Na diet when the dietary Cl was varied. It is concluded that dietary Cl is another factor modifying renin release. However, Cl is probably less important than Na because Cl-induced changes in PRA were not seen in the low salt state.
Early Developmental Intervention Programs for Preterm Infants

Early intervention programs improve cognitive performance in preterm infants up to 36 months of age, but no effect can be detected by five years of age. A small effect of early intervention on motor performance was found in infancy, but it did not persist until preschool or school age.
Sjögren's syndrome. Controversies and progress.

Diagnostic criteria for Sjogren's syndrome (SS) are required by both physicians and patients to (1) provide a rational basis for their symptoms, assess their prognosis, and guide therapy; (2) identify a group of patients who are most likely to share a common etiopathogenesis, in order to identify those genetic and environmental factors that are crucial in pathogenesis; (3) fill out the myriad medical insurance forms that require a diagnosis code; and (4) serve as a "shorthand" code that alerts specialists in different fields (oral medicine, ophthalmology, and a variety of specialists in internal medicine) to search for particular clinical problems found in the SS patient. The key question in this article is whether the term "Sjogren's syndrome" should apply to a rather restricted group of individuals (those with an autoimmune basis for exocrinopathy) or to a rather large group of individuals who share a similar symptom complex of dry eyes and mouth. Primary SS, as defined by San Diego criteria, is a systemic autoimmune disease that is characterized by keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia resulting from lymphocytic infiltrates of the lacrimal and salivary glands. The criteria for the diagnosis of SS continues to be controversial, leading to confusion in the clinical and research literature. It is important to distinguish SS (an idiopathic autoimmune process) from other processes including hepatitis C infection, retroviral infection, lymphoma, autonomic neuropathy, depression, primary fibromyalgia, and drug side effects that can result in sicca symptoms. Recent studies on pathogenesis of SS in human and animal models have examined the clonality of the T-cell infiltrates, the production of cytokines by lymphocytes and glandular epithelial cells, neuroendocrine and hormonal factors that affect glandular secretion, and the fine structure of antigens recognized by T cells and B cells. Studies in SS have allowed comparison of lymphocytes in blood and in the glandular tissue lesions; important differences in the gland microenvironment play an important role in the initiation and perpetuation of the autoimmune process. For example, apoptotic death depends on the balance of Fas, Fas ligand, nuclear factors (such as bcl-2, bax, and myc), cytokines, neuropeptides, and cell membrane interactions with extracellular matrix. Although increased rates of apoptosis may be present in the blood T cells of SS patients, some glandular T cells are resistant to apoptosis. Recent advances have led to improved understanding of signal transduction in response to cytokines and hormones that play a role in the local and systemic manifestations of SS.
Osteoid Osteoma of the Elbow—a Diagnostic Problem: Report Of Four Cases

Four cases of osteoid osteoma located in the distal end of the humerus in or near the elbow joint are reviewed. Despite intensive clinical and laboratory investigation, including many roentgenograms, a definite diagnosis of osteoid osteoma was not made preoperatively. Eventual surgical exploration, with removal of the osteoid osteoma, gave relief of symptoms in all four patients.
Hepatocyte horseradish peroxidase uptake is saturable and inhibited by mannose-terminal glycoproteins.

In the liver, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is thought to be taken up via mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis by non-parenchymal cells (NPC) and via fluid-phase endocytosis by hepatocytes. When we attempted to inhibit NPC uptake of HRP with mannan in the whole perfused rat liver, > 80% of HRP uptake was eliminated. Liver cell fractionation revealed that mannan not only inhibited HRP uptake by NPC (91%) but also by hepatocytes (81%). In isolated hepatocytes, HRP uptake was linear over 60 min and saturable in the range of 0 to 200 mg/l (Vmax = 4.3 ng.mg protein-1.min-1; Km = 8.3 mg/l). Mannan inhibited uptake competitively (Ki = 2.0-2.5 mg/l). At high concentrations of HRP, a nonsaturable component of HRP uptake became evident (k = 2.8 pg.mg protein-1.min-1.mg HRP-1.l-1). Hepatocyte uptake of HRP was inhibited by other glycoproteins and glycopeptides with mannose-terminal groups, as well as by mannan, but not by asialofetuin (ASF) or bovine serum albumin. Hepatocyte uptake of 125I-labeled ASF, which is taken up via the asialoglycoprotein receptor, was saturable and not inhibited by mannan. HRP binding to hepatocytes, determined at 4 degrees C, was also inhibited by mannan. Quantification of contamination of the parenchymal cell fraction by NPC by cell counting and by pronase digestibility suggested our results could not be explained by contamination of hepatocytes by NPC. At concentrations used for most morphological studies (1,000-10,000 mg/l), fluid-phase endocytosis accounts for much of HRP uptake. However, at low concentrations, a saturable low-capacity mechanism is responsible for most HRP uptake by the hepatocyte.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cognitive Bias Modification to Enhance Resilience to a Panic Challenge

This study tested an intervention to enhance resilience among people at risk for developing panic disorder. Participants (N = 50) high in anxiety sensitivity (fear of anxiety symptoms) were randomly assigned to either four sessions of resilience-enhancing interpretation bias modification (CBM-I) or a control (Sham) condition. Following the intervention, participants engaged in a 7.5 % steady state carbon dioxide (CO2) breathing challenge, an established panic stressor. In line with hypotheses, CBM-I resulted in an increase in resilience-congruent interpretations (though no change for general panic interpretation bias) at post-training, and a trend for a greater reduction in anxiety sensitivity at 2-month follow-up. Additionally, CBM-I resulted in less intense cognitive symptoms of panic during the CO2 challenge, though not less intense physical or total panic symptoms. These results, though somewhat mixed, provide preliminary support for the value of training resilience using CBM-I.
Integration of Z-Source Breakers Into Zonal DC Ship Power System Microgrids

The next-generation electric ships will feature a medium-voltage dc architecture for distribution of electric power. For higher reliability and flexibility, this dc microgrid is divided into zones each zone having its own protection and load center. The research presented in this paper explores how Z-source dc breakers can be integrated into zonal-based distribution microgrids. Specifically, this paper looks into the practical problems and solutions for running two Z-source breakers in parallel to supply current to the same load center. It is shown that the basic structure of two breakers in parallel can be replicated over a system with multiple zones to protect the entire grid. This paper presents a detailed look into the gate control of the SCRs in Z-source dc breakers. The path of the fault current for shunt faults created at various locations is traced. Using that information, a fault detection algorithm is presented and applied. The measured currents collected during faults and steady state operation will determine the gate signals for the SCRs. The postfault operation might include reclosing of a Z-source breaker if deemed necessary by the control. The simulation and hardware results verify the concepts proposed in this paper.
Structural vibration of an elastically supported plate due to excitation of a turbulent boundary layer

High-Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers are an important source for noise and structural vibration. Indeed small features of a structure can have important influence on the resulting noise and vibration. In this work we develop a new method to couple a high-fidelity fluid solver with a dynamic-finite-element solver for the structure. The flow solver is based on the OpenFOAM opensource CFD toolkit. The fluid solver uses the Large-Eddy Simulation closure for the unresolved turbulence. Specifically, a local and dynamic one-equation eddy viscosity model is employed. The fluid pressure fluctuation on the structure is mapped to the dynamic finite element model with a suitable interpolation routine. A modal decomposition of the dynamic finite-element model is used to reduce the number of degrees-of-freedom of the numerical structural model. The numerical method is validated for the turbulent flow over a flat plate. The plate is elastically supported along its edges, and the turbulence is excited upstream ...
On the spectroscopic constants, first electronic state, vibrational frequencies, and isomerization of hydroxymethylene (HCOH+)

Abstract The hydroxymethylene cation (HCOH + ) is believed to be chemically independent of the more stable formaldehyde cation isomer in interstellar chemistry and may likely be a precursor to methanol in chemical reaction networks. Previous work is corroborated here showing that the trans conformer of HCOH + is 3.48 kcal/mol lower than the cis on the potential energy surface. The small energy difference between the conformers and the much larger dipole moment of cis -HCOH + (2.73 D) make this conformer more likely to be observed than trans -HCOH + via telescopic rotational spectroscopy. A strong adiabatic shift is also predicted in the first electronic excitation into the 1 2 A ′′/2 2 A state out of either conformer into a C 1 structure reducing the excitation wavelength from the near-ultraviolet all the way into the near-infrared. The full set of fundamental vibrational frequencies are also computed here at high-level. The 3306.0 cm − 1 and 3225.3 cm − 1 hydroxide stretches, respective of bare trans - and cis -HCOH + , are in agreement with previous theory but are significantly higher than the frequencies determined from previous experiment utilizing argon tagging techniques. This shift is likely because the proton-bound complex created with the argon tag reduces the experimental frequencies. Lower-level computations including the argon tag bring the hydroxide stretches much closer to the experimental frequencies indicating that the predicted frequencies for bare HCOH + are likely well-described.
Spectral Clustering for Robust Motion Segmentation

In this paper, we propose a robust motion segmentation method using the techniques of matrix factorization and subspace separation. We first show that the shape interaction matrix can be derived using QR decomposition rather than Singular Value Decomposition(SVD) which also leads to a simple proof of the shape subspace separation theorem. Using the shape interaction matrix, we solve the motion segmentation problems by the spectral clustering techniques. We exploit multi-way Min-Max cut clustering method and provide a novel approach for cluster membership assignment. We further show that we can combine a cluster refinement method based on subspace separation with the graph clustering method to improve its robustness in the presence of noise. The proposed method yields very good performance for both synthetic and real image sequences.
Bladder Shrinkage as a Complication of Long-Term Supravesical Urinary Diversion in Children with Solitary Kidneys

Failures in the treatment of terminal ureteral stenosis are not seldom burdened by considerable bladder shrinkage, particularly in infants. Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract such as bilaterally ectopic ureteral ostia can also lead to bladder shrinkage, even in newborns.
“Say something instead of nothing”: Adolescents’ perceptions of memorable conversations about sex-related topics with their parents

This study examined adolescents’ (n = 389) perceptions of parent–adolescent communication about sex, including what their parents say about sex, what types of conversations adolescents report as me...
The Missing Science of Knowledge Curation: Improving Incentives for Large-scale Knowledge Curation

Dictionaries, encyclopedias, knowledge graphs, annotated corpora, library classification systems and world maps are all examples of human-curated knowledge resources that have been highly valuable to science as well as amortized across multiple large-scale systems in practice. Many of these were started and built even before a crowdsourcing research community existed. While the last decade has seen unprecedented growth in research and practice in building crowdsourcing systems to do increasingly complex tasks at scale, many of these resources are still woefully incompletelacking coverage in languages and subject matter domains. Moreover, many knowledge resources needed to fill other semantic gaps for artificial intelligence systems simply don't exist or arent being built. Why I argue that we don't have the right incentives, and that in order to improve the incentives, we have some fundamental scientific questions to answer. While building a large knowledge resource, we have little more than intuitions when it comes to estimating the reusability, maintainability, and long-term value of the effort. These make it difficult to fund or manage such projects, often requiring herculean personalities or fortunate businesses. Building or expanding a resource is often not seen as "sexy," which results in lack of resources to answer those questions in any principled manner. These problems begin to outline a new science of curation, making progress on which could help improve the discussion around and funding for building sorely needed knowledge resources.
Volunteer Meanings in the Making of Place

Volunteers have an impact on the places and landscapes in which they work. They create personalized place meanings based on experience—from the activities in which they engage, the institutions they are working for, or some combination of both. The relationships between their place meaning and identity creation are related, and have consequences for the conversations they have with visitors and managers regarding their sense of place. The place meanings described by the Streamwatch volunteers of Alaska’s Russian River are identified, and portrayed as “place making” by directly changing the landscape through restoration work, and communicated by their teaching of managers, visitors, and other stakeholders.
Nested Partitions and Its Applications to the Intermodal Hub Location Problem

The nested partitions (NP) method has been proven to be a useful framework for effectively solving large-scale discrete optimization problems. In this chapter, we provide a brief review of the NP method and its applications. We then present a hybrid algorithm that integrates mathematical programming with the NP framework. The efficiency of the hybrid algorithm is demonstrated by the intermodal hub location problem (IHLP), a class of discrete facility location problems. Computational results show that the hybrid approach is superior to the integer programming approach and the Lagrangian relaxation method.
Development of statistical models for improving efficiency of emergency evacuation in areas with vulnerable population

Abstract Different parts of the world are characterized by frequent occurrences of natural hazards. As such, evacuation planning is an essential part of the natural hazard preparedness, especially in hazard-prone areas. Numerous research efforts have been directed towards improving the efficiency of the evacuation process. However, only a limited number of studies have specifically aimed to identify factors, influencing the driving ability of individuals under emergency evacuation and the occurrence of crashes along the evacuation routes. Furthermore, previous research efforts have focused on a relatively narrow range of factors (primarily driver and traffic flow characteristics). This study aims to fill the existing gap in the state-of-the-art by investigating the effects of a wide range of different factors (including driver characteristics, evacuation route characteristics, driving conditions, and traffic characteristics) on the major driving performance indicators under emergency evacuation. The considered driving performance indicators include travel time, lane deviation, crash occurrence, collision speed, average acceleration pedal pressure, and average braking pedal pressure. A set of statistical models is developed to identify the most significant factors that influence the major driving performance indicators. These models are tested using the data collected from the driving simulator and participants with various socio-demographic characteristics. The results indicate that age, gender, visual disorders, number of lanes, and space headway may substantially impact the driving ability of individuals throughout the emergency evacuation process. Findings from this research can be incorporated within the existing transportation planning models to facilitate the natural hazard preparedness, ensure safety of evacuees, including vulnerable populations, and reduce or even prevent the occurrence of crashes along the evacuation routes.
Condition Unknown: Predicting Patients' Health Conditions in an Online Health Community

Online health communities rely on information about their users to provide services to members. We partner with the online health community CaringBridge.org to infer the health condition that users are discussing from their early writing on the site. We utilize the self-reported health condition data that is provided by users to train machine learning classifiers to predict the health condition of non-reporting users. An analysis of the classifier's errors reveals that users frequently discuss multiple health conditions. We present models with explainable features, enabling us to extract words for the enrichment of consumer health vocabularies and to support future designs connecting patients.
The Little Kids down the Hall: Associations between School Climate, Pre-K Classroom Quality, and Pre-K Children's Gains in Receptive Vocabulary and Executive Function.

Abstract In recent years, policymakers’ and practitioners’ interest in school climate as a contributor to K-12 student learning and classroom processes has increased, both in the US and internationally. However, researchers have not yet examined the influence of school climate on the youngest learners in these contexts — prekindergartners. Using data from the Boston Public Schools, where the public prekindergarten program is housed in elementary schools, we explored associations among dimensions of school climate as reported by teachers and older peers, observed measures of prekindergarten classroom quality, and gains in children’s receptive vocabulary and executive function across the prekindergarten year. Student participants included 299 children attending full-day prekindergarten programs across 35 elementary schools in 61 classrooms. Findings indicated that school emotional climate had small positive association with prekindergarten classroom emotional support. School-level measures of teacher effectiveness also had positive associations with prekindergarten classroom levels of emotional support and classroom organization. School climate dimensions were not associated with children’s receptive vocabulary and executive function gains across the prekindergarten year. Results are discussed in the context of current school climate research and state-wide accountability efforts to assess school quality.
Bleeding incidence and risk factors among cancer patients treated with anticoagulation.

Compared to age-matched controls, cancer patients have increased risk of bleeding when treated with anticoagulation. However, there are little data regarding bleeding as it relates to anticoagulant choice and other risk factors. We evaluated the six-month incidence of bleeding among patients treated with anticoagulation who had bleeding risk factors. Data were obtained from Explorys (IBM Watson, Inc.), which pools data from multiple US healthcare organizations. Cohorts of patients were created to compare bleeding events between cancer and non-cancer patients treated with anticoagulation within six months of starting anticoagulation. Potential bleeding risk factors such as cancer type, metastatic disease, obesity, chronic kidney disease stage III or higher, and platelet count were evaluated. We compared ratios of numbers of patients in specific cohorts using chi-squared tests with continuity correction. The cohort comprised 3 283 140 cancer patients, of whom 435 140 (13.3%) received anticoagulation within six months of their cancer diagnosis. Bleeding incidence was higher in cancer vs non-cancer patients across all anticoagulants studied: warfarin 20.2% vs 12.6%, rivaroxaban 16.7% vs 12.1%, LMWH 13.2% vs 9.7%, and apixaban 14.5% vs 9.3%, P < .001 for all comparisons. Among all anticoagulants except warfarin, we found increased bleeding incidence in cancer patients with metastatic disease, gastrointestinal primary, CKD ≥ stage III, and platelets <100,000 × 109 /L. Bleeding incidence was higher in cancer patients regardless of the anticoagulant used. Patients with gastrointestinal malignancies had a higher incidence of bleeding compared to other tumors across all anticoagulants. Other factors associated with increased risk of bleeding included metastatic disease, chronic kidney disease, and thrombocytopenia.
Bounding the charm Yukawa coupling

The study of the properties of the observed Higgs boson is one of the main research activities in high-energy physics. Although the couplings of the Higgs to the weak gauge bosons and third-generation quark and leptons have been studied in detail, little is known about the Higgs couplings to first- and second-generation fermions. In this article, we study the charm quark--Higgs coupling in the so-called $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ framework. We emphasize the existence of specific correlations between the Higgs couplings that can render the measured LHC Higgs production rates close to the Standard Model (SM) values in the presence of large deviations of the charm coupling from its SM value, ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{c}=1$. Based on this knowledge, we update the indirect bounds on ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{c}$ through a fit to the precision Higgs measurements at the LHC. We also examine the limits on ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{c}$ arising from the radiative decay $H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}+\ensuremath{\gamma}$, the charm-quark-associated Higgs production, charm-quark decays of the Higgs field, charge asymmetry in ${W}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}+H$ production, and differential production cross section distributions. Estimates for the future LHC sensitivity on ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{c}$ at the high-luminosity run are provided.
A SDN-based network layer for edge computing: poster

Driven by big data analytical capabilities and ever-expanding Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and applications, the new computing paradigm, Edge Computing significantly improves network performance by collecting and processing data locally or in a nearby edge data center. It offers a far less expensive route to scalability, allowing service providers to expand their computing capability as needed. Meanwhile, emerging network technologies, such as Software Defined Networking (SDN) and programmale data plane, can facilitate cost-efficient networking and direct network management. Such advancements stimulate recent efforts to adopt these technologies by Edge Computing to further improve efficiency and reduce latency. However, albeit a lot of efforts have been spent on the edge computing, little has been developed from the SDN perspective. In particular, a generic framework that integrates programmable network control is still missing. In this poster, we discuss the relevant challenges and propose an initial design of such a framework.