cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Promoter Regulatory Regions of the Genes for the Cytosolic Form of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) from the Chicken and the Rat Have Different Species-Specific Roles in Gluconeogenesis

Hepatic expression of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (PEPCK-C) (EC 4.1.1.32) in birds occurs prior to birth and decreases to negligible levels before hatching, whereas in mammals the gene for PEPCK-C in the liver is expressed at birth and is active throughout the life of the animal. The administration of cyclic AMP to adult chickens results in the induction of transcription of the gene for PEPCK-C and the transient accumulation of PEPCK-C mRNA in the liver. DNase I footprint analysis of 330 bp of the avian PEPCK-C promoter immediately 5' of the start-site of transcription indicated the presence of several protein binding domains, purified CAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha, cAMP regulatory element binding protein and nuclear factor-1 bound to these regions of the promoter. Sequences corresponding to an hepatic nuclear factor-1 binding domain and to the insulin response sequence, previously identified in the rat PEPCK-C promoter, were also found in the chicken PEPCK-C promoter. Co-transfection of an expression vector for CAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha or CAAT/enhancer binding protein beta markedly stimulated transcription from both the chicken and rat PEPCK-C promoters in human hepatoma cells. Sequences involved in the regulation of gene transcription by cyclic AMP and insulin were found to reside between -210 and +1 of the avian PEPCK-C promoter. In general, transcription from the avian promoter was more sensitive to inhibition by insulin than was noted for the rat PEPCK-C promoter, which may explain in part the lack of expression of the gene for PEPCK-C in the livers of adult birds.
Neural–Cardiac Coupling in Threat-Evoked Anxiety

Anxiety is a debilitating symptom of many psychiatric disorders including generalized anxiety disorder, mood disorders, schizophrenia, and autism. Anxiety involves changes in both central and peripheral biology, yet extant functional imaging studies have focused exclusively on the brain. Here we show, using functional brain and cardiac imaging in sequential brain and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sessions in response to cues that predict either threat (a possible shock) or safety (no possibility of shock), that MR signal change in the amygdala and the prefrontal and insula cortices predicts cardiac contractility to the threat of shock. Participants with greater MR signal change in these regions show increased cardiac contractility to the threat versus safety condition, a measure of the sympathetic nervous system contribution to the myocardium. These findings demonstrate robust neural–cardiac coupling during induced anxiety and indicate that individuals with greater activation in brain regions identified with aversive emotion show larger magnitude cardiac contractility increases to threat.
Dietary amino acid requirements of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii: The sulphur-containing amino acids☆

Abstract Among the three sulphur-containing amino acids, both cysteine and methionine are essential to the cotton aphid since neither inorganic sulphur nor higher levels of either amino acid alone alter the requirement. Cystine is not required, although it can substitute for cysteine in some instances, undoubtedly due to the commonly recognized interconvertibility of these oxidized and reduced forms. These results indicate the absence of the cystathione pathway in this aphid.
The Reproductive Biology of the Cave Myotis (Myotis velifer)

This study examines the anatomical structure, function and seasonal cyclicity of the male and female reproductive organs of the cave myotis (Myotis velifer) in Texas and southern Arizona. The data indicated that this is a monestrous, seasonally breeding species that stores spermatozoa in both sexes during extended winter torpor or hibernation. The male reproductive cycle was characterized by asynchronous function of the testes (spermatogenesis) and accessory sex organs. Structural factors in both sexes and fructose levels in male accessory organs were evaluated for their significance in prolonged spermatozoa storage. The reproductive anatomy and chronology were similar to other temperate-dwelling vespertilionid bats. Dextral dominance was a feature of the female reproductive tract.
Simplified Readout of UVPROM Dosimeters for Spacecraft Applications

A simplified procedure for measuring the absorbed dose using floating-gate transistors is presented and demonstrated on 64 K UVPROMs. Reading the dosimeter involves a standard electrical readout at 5 V, generates shifts in the response curve that are proportional to absorbed dose, and is suitable for applications on spacecraft
Low-complexity diversity receiver for single/multi-band UWB

As wireless networks evolve to provide an unprecedented variety of services, heterogeneity emerges among network nodes. To establish physical communication links between nodes with distinct complexity requirements, asymmetric transceivers need to be designed. In the ultra-wideband (UWB) regime, there are two major complexity issues: sampling rate and channel estimation. In this paper, we develop very low-complexity UWB receiver;, which are capable of collecting multipath diversity by sampling at a fraction of the Nyquist rate as well as circumventing channel estimation. By doing so, we establish asymmetric UWB links to account for and take advantage of the heterogeneity among network nodes. Our analysis and simulations confirm that our low-complexity diversity receiver is operational with both single-band and multi-band UWB transmitters.
Next generation application integration: challenges and new approaches

Integrating multiple heterogeneous data sources into applications is a time-consuming, costly and error-prone engineering task. Relatively mature technologies exist that make integration tractable from an engineering perspective. These technologies, however, have many limitations, and hence present opportunities for breakthrough research. This paper briefly describes some of these limitations, and enumerates a subset of the general open research problems. It then describes the Data Concierge research project and prototype that is attempting to provide solutions to some of these problems.
Understanding memory triggers for task tracking

Software can now track which computer applications and documents you use. This provides us with the potential to help end-users recall past activities for tasks such as status reporting. We describe findings from field observations of eight participants writing their status reports. We observed interesting trends, including the reliance on memory triggers, which were either retrieved from explicit self-reminders, from implicit breadcrumbs left while performing their tasks or directly from memory. Participants perceived spending relatively short amounts of time composing their status reports, suggesting that any technology solution must offer dramatic improvements over current practice.
Vud determination from light nuclide mirror transitions

Abstract Thanks to extensive experimental efforts that led to a precise determination of the various superallowed 0 + → 0 + pure Fermi transition experimental quantities, we now have a very precise value for V ud that leads to a stringent test of the CKM matrix unitarity. Despite this achievement, measurements in other less precise systems remain relevant as conflicting results could uncover unknown systematic effects or even new physics. One such system is the superallowed mixed transition, which can help refine the same theoretical corrections used for pure Fermi transitions and hence improve the accuracy of V ud . However, as a corrected F t -value determination from these systems requires the more challenging determination of the Fermi Gamow–Teller mixing ratio, only five transitions, spreading from 19 Ne to 37 K, are currently fully characterized. There are several ongoing efforts to determine the mixing ratios for medium-mass nuclei. Measuring transitions in lighter nuclei, such as 17 F, 15 O, 13 N and 11 C, poses new challenges as their longer half-lives, ranging from 1 to 22 min, conflict with the time constraints present at the large radioactive ion beam facilities where these nuclei are typically produced. We will present a proposed ion trapping experiment to measure these transitions at the University of Notre Dame where time constraints are less stringent.
Case report 757

A case of the rare occurrence of conventional GCT in a rib is presented. Due to its radiological aggressivity, the possibility of a MGCT was entertained clinically, and preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy were given. The literature on giant cell tumors of the ribs is reviewed, and their distinction from primary MGCT and other giant-cell-containing lesions is discussed.
In-Situ Aluminum-Induced Crystallization of Si Thin-Films on Glass Substrates above the Eutectic Temperature using HW-CVD

The growth of poly-Si films on glass substrates using an in-situ aluminum-induced crystallization (AIC) process above the Si-Al eutectic temperature of 577 °C is discussed. Silicon films were deposited by Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition (HW-CVD) onto Al coated Corning 7059 glass substrates. The back surface coverage and the average grain size of the films were compared as a function of growth rate and the Si/Al thickness ratio. SEM and EDS analysis of samples with a Si/Al ratio of 1 revealed two domains in the films which varied in morphology and composition; rougher areas containing a mixture of Si and Al with Al content up to 35%, and relatively smoother areas composed of almost entirely Si. This non-uniform morphology seems to be the result of the absence of a native oxide layer when a liquid phase is formed during the deposition. Si grains as large as 50 μm in diameter and back surface coverage up to 90% were obtained for both the Si/Al ratios of 1 and 5. However, no continuous Si films were obtained. The sample with a Si/Al ratio of 1 had columnar grains reaching to the film surface, whereas on the Si/Al ratio of 5 large Si grains did not extend to the film surface.
Quality control in microbiology. II. The need for standards.

For the diagnosis of a bacterial infection, the causative microbe must be isolated and identified. The activities are influenced by plate-reading habits, identification keys used, and previously acquired notions of what represent “pathogens” and “normal flora.” The findings of a Quality Control Program in a 250-bed hospital microbiology laboratory in the investigation of plate-reading habits and of errors in identification keys are summarized. The need for standards in microbiology is discussed.
Antimicrobial therapy of gram-negative infections.

New drugs and modifications of older ones have greatly advanced treatment of Gram-negative infections. Some agents have provided more convenient and efficacious treatment; others are too toxic for use in infants and children. This evaluation of pediatric use of antibacterial agents stresses the need for astute judgment and knowledge of the indications and contraindications presented on current package inserts.
Line Narrowing in Oriented-Sample NMR of Membrane Proteins

The growing need for structure determination of membrane proteins incorporated within their native bilayers calls for the development of novel experimental methods and membrane mimetics for the structure-function studies of these important biological constituents. Solid-state NMR of macroscopically aligned samples has emerged as a powerful tool that enables studies of membrane proteins under their native-like conditions. Here we present an alternative alignment method based on anodic aluminum oxide nanopores, which are capable of incorporating a broad repertoire of lipids. Moreover, the temperature and pH stability of lipid bilayers within the nanopores enable solid-state NMR experiments under a wider range of conditions than ever before. Uniaxial motional averaging by rotational diffusion of membrane proteins ensures the line narrowing of experimental NMR linewidths, thus, providing structural and dynamic information for the lipid-embedded proteins.
Analysis on death cause of malignant tumor in Wenzhou City in 2010

[Objective] To analyze the death cause of malignant tumor,and to provide scientific basis for intervention. [Methods] Based on the surveillance data,the rate of malignant tumor death was analyzed according to the ICD-10. [Results] The average malignant tumor morality was 154.83/105,which accounted for 27.69% of all the deaths.So it was the death cause ranked 1st according to mortality and the years of potential life lost(YPLL).liver cancer,lung cancer,stomach cancer,colorectal cancer,esophageal cancer were the top 5 death causes of malignant tumor accounting for 73.98 percent of all the malignant tumor death cases. [Conclusion] Malignant tumor is the first largest death cause in Wenzhou City.It is necessary to strengthen malignant tumor intervention and control work.
The Cross-National Diffusion of Democratizing Elections

My Croatian friends should look at the [Slovak] election and learn from our mistakes. Vladimir Meciar Diffusion is the process whereby past events make future events more likely. Pamela Oliver and David Meyers In the previous two chapters, we presented three arguments. First, oppositions have won power in mixed regimes in postcommunist Europe and Eurasia when they and their allies have mounted innovative and sophisticated campaigns for political office. Second, the electoral model is vital to the success of the opposition, because it is very effective at getting citizens to vote, support the opposition, and, if necessary, defend their choices in the streets. Finally, this model did not originate in the postcommunist region. Its origins can be found, instead, in the United States, where it became standard operating procedure in national and state elections, and in the Philippines and Chile, where it played a key role in ending authoritarian rule during the second half of the 1980s. The purpose of this chapter is to build on these arguments by switching our approach from one that treats the elections of interest in this book as separate events to one that analyzes them as related developments. We are interested, therefore, in the question of whether the cross-national diffusion of the electoral model explains why oppositions won or lost and why there were so many electoral turnovers in the postcommunist region in such a short period of time.
Hybrid and Electric Automotive Systems: Combined Electrical, Mechanical, and Fuel Cell Opportunities for Personal Transportation

Electric automobiles are clean, efficient, and powerful but are limited in range. Hybrid designs seek to enhance range through the use of liquid fuel. The energy, force, and power needs of a typical car are reviewed. The relationship to fuel cells as energy sources is discussed. Opportunities in the electrical arena, the mechanical arena, and the fuel cell arena are presented. Two commercial hybrid vehicle examples are presented. The convergence of developments in these areas will dominate hybrid designs as commercial production continues to ramp up.
An autonomous flight management system for prevention and recovery of unmanned aerial vehicle loss-of-control

An autonomous integrated Loss-of-Control (LOC) Prevention and Recovery (iLOCPR) system for UAVs is proposed with four operation modes: a nominal mode designed for 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) trajectory tracking by trajectory linearization control; a LOC prevention mode designed by bandwidth adaptation augmentation to the baseline nominal controller for increasing the stability margin in the presence of LOC-prone flight conditions; a LOC arrest mode by reconfiguring the controller to recover and maintain healthy flight aerodynamic angles while temporarily giving up the trajectory tracking mission; a restoration mode to guide the vehicle back to the mission trajectory after successful LOC arrest. A supervisory discrete-event-driven automatic flight management system (AFMS) is designed to autonomously reconfigure the flight controller by coordinating and switching the control modes according to the real-time sensed flight conditions. A full comprehensive simulation entailing the nominal trajectory tracking, LOC prevention, LOC arrest and mission restoration is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of modes switching and the performance of the iLOCPR system. The proposed framework can be further augmented for autonomous fault tolerance and collision avoidance in future development.
Does Kantian Ethics Condone Mood and Cognitive Enhancement

The author examines whether Kantian ethics would condone the use of pharmaceutical drugs to enhance one’s moods and cognitive abilities. If key assumptions concerning safety and efficacy, non-addictiveness, non-coercion, and accessibility are not met, Kantian ethics would consider mood and cognitive enhancement to be impermissible. But what if these assumptions are granted? The arguments for the permissibility of neuroenhancement are stronger than those against it. After giving a general account of Kantian ethical principles, the author argues that, when these assumptions are granted, Kantian ethics no longer justifies the prohibition of neuroenhancement, and responds to two objections.
Siblings, Teachers, and Spillovers on Academic Achievement

ABSTRACT:This study documents sibling spillover effects on child test score achievement using administrative school records from North Carolina. While teacher experience is a known determinant of student achievement, I show that teacher experience also affects the achievement of a child's younger siblings. In contrast, teacher experience does not have an effect on the test scores of the child's older siblings, suggesting that direct sibling effects rather than parental behavior responses are more important. These findings suggest that we are underestimating the importance of education inputs by ignoring the spillover effects on siblings.
Integrating off-site visitor education into landscape conservation and management: An examination of timing of educational messaging and compliance with low-impact hiking recommendations

Abstract The protection of landscapes from environmentally-damaging recreational impacts requires planning and design for proactive visitor education. We examined how the timing of off-site educational messaging influences individuals’ compliance with, knowledge of, and attitudes towards two low-impact recreation behavioral recommendations (i.e., hiking on muddy or wet trail sections and walking on trail steps rather than around them) using a laboratory-based experiment. The educational message used in the experiment consisted of a video and short summary statements about low-impact hiking recommendations. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: 1) viewing the message at least 24 h before the experiment; 2) viewing the message immediately before the experiment; or 3) not viewing the message at all (control). We assessed participants’ hiking intentions by asking them to draw their intended hiking routes on a large LCD display depicting short sections of the Appalachian Trail in North Carolina and Tennessee. Participants’ intended routes were coded as either complying or not complying with the low-impact hiking recommendations. For participants who received the educational message, knowledge about and attitudes toward low-impact hiking were measured twice, immediately after viewing the message and at the end of the experiment. Our analyses revealed the educational message significantly improved participants’ knowledge levels, attitudes, and intentions to comply with low-impact hiking recommendations. The timing of when the educational message was viewed/read by participants, however, did not influence their knowledge levels, attitudes, or intentions to comply. These findings suggest low-impact recreation behavior can be influenced through educational messages delivered before outdoor recreationists begin their trips.
Where do engineering students learn to consider design problem context

More than ever, today’s engineers need to be equipped to understand the complex contexts in which they do their designwork. Studies suggest, however, that undergraduate engineering programs are not sufficiently preparing students with thiscontextual competence. To contribute to the growing body of work investigating where and how engineering studentsdevelop contextual competence, we interviewed civil/environmental engineering undergraduates about the kinds ofexperiences and background they find helpful for developing specific aspects of contextual competence. They cited a widerange of helpful sources, including engineering and non-engineering courses and co-curricular activities, as well as personalexperiences, family influences, and current or historical events.
Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression in breast cancer and its clinical significance.

The effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on immune markers remain largely unknown. The specific aim of this study was to assess stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression in a cohort of breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Using quantitative immunofluorescence, we investigated stromal TILs and PD-L1 protein expression in pre-treatment﻿ and residual breast cancer tissue from a Yale Cancer Center patient cohort of 58 patients diagnosed with breast cancer from 2003 to 2009 and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We compared the TIL count and PD-L1 status in paired pre-treatment and residual cancer tissues and correlated changes and baseline levels with survival. Of the 58 patients, 46 (79.3%) had hormone-positive and 34 (58.6%) had node-positive breast cancer. Eighty-six percent of residual cancer tissues had TIL infiltration and 17% had PD-L1 expression. There was a trend for higher TIL counts in postchemotherapy compared to prechemotherapy samples (p = 0.09). Increase in TIL count was associated with longer 5-year recurrence-free survival (p = 0.02, HR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.179–15.39). PD-L1 expression (both stromal and tumor cells) was significantly lower in post-treatment samples (p = 0.001). Change in PD-L1 expression after therapy or TILs and PD-L1 expression in the posttreatment samples did not correlate with survival. Increase in stromal TILs in residual cancer compared to pretreatment tissue is associated with improved recurrence-free survival. Despite a trend for increasing TIL counts, PD-L1 expression decreased in residual disease compared to pretreatment samples.
Inter-joint coordination changes during and after muscle fatigue.

Abstract People produce multi-joint movements by organizing many degrees of freedom into a few major covarying relationships, indicating a high level of inter-joint coordination. These relationships can be identified using data decomposition analyses (e.g. principal components analysis, non-negative matrix factorization). The purpose of this study was to determine how movement coordination changes during muscle fatigue by analyzing the covariance structure of multi-joint movements. Sixteen (16) healthy adults completed a continuous, timed ratcheting task with the right arm for three 1-min intervals before, during, and after an intermittent shoulder fatigue protocol. Joint angles from the right arm and trunk were tracked for subsequent principal components analysis. Principal component waveforms were constructed from the original joint angles, and changes in the waveforms during fatigue were assessed using cross-correlations. The variance explained by the first four principal components reached a maximum of 90.5% in the second minute of the pre-test and decreased to a minimum of 86.0% in the last minute of fatigue (p = .033). In the last minute of the post-test, explained variance (87.1%) did not differ from any other pre, fatigue, or post-test time point (p > .23). These results suggest that inter-joint coordination decreased during fatigue. Changes in the movement patterns and principal component waveforms suggest that subjects adopted a more rigid movement strategy when fatigued. However, the rigid movement strategy was not observed during the post-test. The results suggest that people adopted a new pattern of inter-joint coordination while using novel kinematics.
Animal Modelling of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome

The etiology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) remains elusive and may involve multiple causes. To better understand its pathophysiology, many efforts have been made to create IC/BPS models. Most existing models of IC/BPS strive to recreate bladder-related features by applying noxious intravesical or systemic stimuli to healthy animals. These models are useful to help understand various mechanisms; however, they are limited to demonstrating how the bladder and nervous system respond to noxious stimuli, and are not representative of the complex interactions and pathophysiology of IC/BPS. To study the various factors that may be relevant for IC/BPS, at least 3 different types of animal models are commonly used: (1) bladder-centric models, (2) models with complex mechanisms, and (3) psychological and physical stressors/natural disease models. It is obvious that all aspects of the human disease cannot be mimicked by a single model. It may be the case that several models, each contributing to a piece of the puzzle, are required to recreate a reasonable picture of the pathophysiology and time course of the disease(s) diagnosed as IC/BPS, and thus to identify reasonable targets for treatment.
Germanium-on-Silicon Waveguides at Wavelengths From 6.85 to 11.25 microns

We show the measurements of propagation loss in germanium-on-silicon (GOS) waveguides at wavelengths from 6.85 $\mu$ m to 11.25 $\mu$ m. The loss is as low as a few dB/cm at wavelengths as high as 11 $\mu$ m for both the quasi-TE $_{00}$ and quasi-TM $_{00}$ modes. The measured waveguide transmission is consistent with our models of substrate cutoff and germanium slab cutoff. We discuss experimental and fabrication challenges unique to the long-wave infrared, as well as future prospects for GOS as a platform for long-wave infrared integrated photonics.
Simulating dominance: How procedural rhetoric enforces a false Native nomos in Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind

In Bethesda Softworks’s Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind, it is possible to reveal the dominant ideologies working beneath its narrative elements and graphical representation of race, clothing, and environment. Using Susan C. Jarratt’s Sophistic logos and nomos, Ian Bogost’s “procedural rhetoric,” and Gerald Vizenor’s “manifest manners” or “simulations of dominance,” my thesis analyzes these dominant ideologies and reveals the marginalization of the indigenous “other” as poststructural fabrications, which Philip J. Deloria calls “Indianness.” Indianness, invented and mutable, is portrayed mainly through the creation of a fictional indigenous group: the “Ashlanders.” Overall, I argue that the creation of the Ashlanders, the narrative elements attached to them, and how they are represented through procedures or code, perpetuates a Euro-American commodification, marginalization, and erasure of a Native American cultural identity as an act of cultural violence.
Abstractions for usable information flow control in Aeolus

Despite the increasing importance of protecting confidential data, building secure software remains as challenging as ever. This paper describes Aeolus, a new platform for building secure distributed applications. Aeolus uses information flow control to provide confidentiality and data integrity. It differs from previous information flow control systems in a way that we believe makes it easier to understand and use. Aeolus uses a new, simpler security model, the first to combine a standard principal-based scheme for authority management with thread-granularity information flow tracking. The principal hierarchy matches the way developers already reason about authority and access control, and the coarse-grained information flow tracking eases the task of defining a program's security restrictions. In addition, Aeolus provides a number of new mechanisms (authority closures, compound tags, boxes, and shared volatile state) that support common design patterns in secure application design.
Comparing agent modeling for language and action

We present our approach to agent modeling for communication, and compare it to an approach to agent modeling for other types of action. The comparison should be instructive since both approaches are implemented in the same problem-solving architecture, face similar application domain requirements, and address the same general problem of comprehension. Also, we show how for discourse processing, it is possible to have the benefits of viewing agents in terms of their beliefs and intentions without sacrificing real-time performance and reactivity.
The digital money shot: Twitter wars, The Real Housewives, and transmedia storytelling

This article examines the construction of reality TV fame through transmedia storytelling. In the convergent TV era, reality producers increasingly require that stars post-personal content on socia...
What Types of Physical Function Predict Program Adherence in Older Adults

Purpose The aims of this study were to describe participants' demographic characteristics by adherence levels and to examine the association between participants' baseline physical function and their adherence to an evidence-based group exercise program. Design A prospective exploratory study (N = 36,373). Methods Participants' physical function was assessed using 30-second chair-stand, arm-curl, and 8-foot up-and-go tests. Adherence was calculated as the proportion of attended sessions over offered sessions. Findings Participants' mean adherence was 52%. Older male, Asian/Pacific Islander race, and Washington State residents with fewer chronic conditions showed higher adherence. Multinomial logistic regression showed the baseline 30-second chair-stand, arm-curl, and 8-foot up-and-go tests significantly predict adherence levels after controlling for demographics. Conclusions Stronger upper- and lower-extremity strength and better walking balance and mobility are associated with higher adherence to exercise programs in older adults. Clinical relevance The results underscored the importance of offering classes at various physical function levels while considering participants' individual needs.
Unsettling the West: Violence and State Building in the Ohio Valley

Review of: "Unsettling the West: Violence and State Building in the Ohio Valley," by Rob Harper
Teacher-Reported Priorities and Practices for Students With Autism: Characterizing the Research-to-Practice Gap:

Despite broad consensus that a research-to-practice gap exists in the education of students with autism, the extent of this gap has not been well studied. We surveyed 99 teachers in Ohio about thei...
Computational approach to correcting joint instability in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation.

Patellar dislocation is a debilitating injury common in active adolescents and young adults. Conservative treatment after initial dislocation is often recommended, but almost half of these patients continue to suffer from recurrent dislocation. The objective of this study was to compare preoperative patellofemoral joint stability with stability after a series of simulated procedures, including restorative surgery to correct to pre-injury state, generic tibial tubercle osteotomy, patient-specific reconstructive surgery to correct anatomic abnormality, less invasive patient-specific surgery, and equivalent healthy controls. Three-dimensional, subject-specific finite element models of the patellofemoral joint were developed for 28 patients with recurrent patellar dislocation. A 50 N lateral load was applied to the patella to assess the lateral stability of the patellofemoral joint at 10° intervals from 0° to 40° flexion. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, along with reconstructive procedures to correct anatomic abnormality were simulated. Of all the simulations performed, the healthy equivalent control models showed the least patellar internal-external rotation, medial-lateral translation, and medial patellofemoral ligament restraining load during lateral loading tests. Isolated restorative medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction was the surgery that resulted in the most patellar internal-external rotation, medial-lateral translation, and medial patellofemoral ligament reaction force across all flexion angles. Patient-specific reconstruction to correct anatomic abnormality was the only surgical group to have non-significantly different results compared with the healthy equivalent control group across all joint stability metrics evaluated. Statement of clinical significance: This study suggests patient-specific reconstructive surgery that corrects underlying anatomic abnormalities best reproduces the joint stability of an equivalent healthy control when compared with the pre-injury state, generic tibial tubercle osteotomy, and less invasive patient-specific surgery. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:768-776, 2020.
Creating the protein version of DNA base pairing

Specific interactions between molecules give rise to life. Nucleic acid is a good example: The pairing of adenine (A) to thymine (T) and cytosine (C) to guanine (G) ensures accurate passage of genetic materials over generations. Thanks to the programmable and modular nature of A-T/C-G base pairing, DNA has been repurposed to build nanoscopic smiley faces (1) and robots that sort molecular cargoes (2), giving rise to the field of DNA nanotechnology.
The Intersection of Health Policy and Academia

After reading this chapter learners will be able to define important terms in health policy and academia, identify a framework for health advocacy created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and understand how that framework was implemented in historical examples such as the AMA Medical Student Section efforts in ending AMA advertising relationships with tobacco companies, White Coats for Black Lives movement, and LGBTQ+ advocacy within Latino medical student organizations. Throughout these vignettes, the overlap between health policy and academia will be featured, ensuring learners understand how patient advocacy can lead to academic success and augment careers in academic medicine. This chapter ends with a review of additional training and professional opportunities that integrate skills in health policy and academia.
Amicus cum Laude: Ethnodramatic Inquiry Regarding Sharing Mental Health in College

In this manuscript, I utilize an ethnodramatic methodology in reanalyzing two data sets about college friends disclosing and receiving mental health-related information. After describing ethnodrama and how this methodology applies to mental health-related inquiry, I detail my process of creating an ethnodrama from two extant data sets. The result is an ethnodrama called Amicus cum Laude: Becoming a Friend with Honor for Mental Illness, a one-act play about how friends discuss mental health issues with one another. After providing the ethnodrama, I offer recommendations for taking the ethnodrama from page to stage while reflecting on and critiquing the final product.
Prognostic impact of lymphovascular invasion in pT1-T3 gallbladder adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Most gallbladder cancers are diagnosed after cholecystectomy for presumed benign disease, and nodal staging to inform subsequent treatment is therefore often lacking. We evaluated the association of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) with regional lymph node involvement in gallbladder adenocarcinoma and its impact on survival. METHODS: The National Cancer Database was queried to identify patients with resected gallbladder adenocarcinoma and with available staging and LVI status. Patients with pT4 and M1 disease were excluded. Univariable and multivariable regression identified factors associated with positive lymph nodes. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Of 1649 patients with available LVI status, 1142 (69.7%) had at least one positive lymph node and 765 (46.4%) had LVI. On multivariable regression, presence of LVI was the strongest predictor of positive lymph nodes (odds ratio, 3.69; P < .001). The positive predictive value of LVI for positive lymph nodes in pT2 and pT3 tumors was 80.1% and 90.5%, respectively. LVI was independently associated with decreased OS (hazard ratio, 1.21; P = .001), as were node-positive disease and increasing T stage. CONCLUSION: In patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma, LVI is independently associated with regional lymph node metastases and abbreviated OS. LVI status may help risk-stratify patients following initial cholecystectomy and inform subsequent treatment.
45698 Molecular Signatures of Cocaine Neurotoxicity in Human Brain Models

ABSTRACT IMPACT: This project will use human neuron models and bioinformatics techniques to elucidate mechanisms of cocaine neurotoxicity, which will allow treatments to be developed for minimizing or preventing neurological damage caused by cocaine abuse and overdose. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The goals of this project are to identify genes and gene networks altered by cocaine exposure in neurons (short term), and to use these pathways to understand mechanisms of cocaine neurotoxicity for the establishment of therapeutic targets (long term). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To study the molecular effects of cocaine, we generated preliminary proteomics and next-generation RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data from human postmortem prefrontal cortex (Broadmann area 9 or BA9) of 12 cocaine overdose subjects and 17 controls. Future directions for this project include RNAseq analysis of neuronal nuclei sorted from human postmortem BA9 and a human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuron (hiPSN) model of cocaine exposure from the same postmortem subjects from whom we have brain samples. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We found alterations in neuronal synaptic protein levels and gene expression, including the serotonin transporter SLC6A4, and synaptic proteins SNAP25, SYN2, SYNGR3. Pathway analysis of our results revealed alterations in specific pathways involved with neuronal function including voltage-gated calcium channels, and GABA receptor signaling. In the future, we expect to see an enhancement in neuron-specific gene expression signatures in our sorted neuronal nuclei and our hiPSN model of cocaine exposure. The hiPSN model will help elucidate which effects are due to acute versus chronic exposure of cocaine. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Transcriptomic signatures found with this analysis can help us understand mechanisms of cocaine neurotoxicity in human neurons. With this work and future proposed studies, we can discover targetable molecular pathways to develop drugs that can reduce or reverse cocaine-related impairment.
Commentary---Identifying Social Influence: A Comment on Opinion Leadership and Social Contagion in New Product Diffusion

Isuggest five broad directions for future research on social influence and opinion leadership that could, if appropriately addressed, dramatically improve how we conceptualize and manage social contagions in a variety of domains.
Understanding the Elements of Operational Reliability: A Key for Achieving High Reliability

This viewgraph presentation reviews operational reliability and its role in achieving high reliability through design and process reliability. The topics include: 1) Reliability Engineering Major Areas and interfaces; 2) Design Reliability; 3) Process Reliability; and 4) Reliability Applications.
The mechanism of transamination. Function of the histidyl residue at the active site of supernatant aspartate transaminase.

Controlled photooxidation inactivates supernatant glutamate aspartate transaminase through the destruction of histidyl residues only. Since previous studies have failed to show alterations in the over-all enzyme structure, the mechanism of transamination has been examined before and after photooxidation, taking advantage of the spectral changes associated with the enzyme prosthetic group, pyridoxal phosphate, after substrate or inhibitor binding. By spectrophotometric titration of the active site, photooxidized enzyme retains its ability to bind the dicarboxylic acids, glutarate, oxaloacetate, and α-ketoglutarate, to form non-covalent enzyme-substrate complexes. Binding of αmethyl aspartate was also measured spectrophotometrically. Because the interaction of the enzyme with radioactive substrate can be trapped by reduction of the enzyme-substrate complex with sodium borohydride, it is shown that aspartate in the forward reaction and α-ketoglutarate in the back reaction form the initial aldimine and ketimine complexes, respectively. The affinity for each substrate or substrate analogue is greater in the case of photooxidized enzyme under normal buffer conditions. Native enzyme exhibits relatively large changes in the dissociation constant with changes in the buffer anion concentration, while photooxidized enzyme fails to show these competitive anion effects. Photooxidized enzyme forms all of the visible enzyme substrate intermediates characteristic of the half-transamination reaction between an amino acid and its keto acid analogue, except for the semiquinoid intermediate which absorbs at 490 mµ. This inability correlates with the failure to catalyze the exchange of the α-hydrogen of the amino acid with tritium from tritiated water. From these data and from studies on the rate of the forward and back reaction with cysteine sulfinate and α-ketoglutarate, respectively, it is concluded that the primary defect after photooxidation of the active site histidine of supernatant glutamate aspartate transaminase occurs in the removal of the α-hydrogen from the aldimine Schiff's base in the forward reaction. A role of proton acceptor is proposed for the histidine residue at the active site.
Clinical use of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology.

Abstract During the past three years ultrasound diagnostic procedures have been significant and useful aids in the clinical practice of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Colorado Medical Center. The technique has had its most important applications in the preoperative diagnosis of hydatidiform mole, in the estimation of fetal maturity, and for localization of the placenta. Other areas of clinical application are in the diagnosis of multiple pregnancy, fetal position, and intrauterine fetal death. Approximately 10 per cent of our obstetric patients receive ultrasound diagnostic procedures. Ultrasound is used much less frequently in gynecology but does have value in the differential diagnosis of ascites, abdominal cysts, and peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Strategy to Overcome Urban Undertow, An Obstacle to Rural Health Development

Urban undertow occurs when resources for rural communities are drawn into urban institutions, contributing to urban development and paradoxically undermining rural growth. Eroding rural health care services is a prime example. Central to this problem is health care policy promoting costly medical science and technology without also advancing the infrastructure for basic rural medical care. What is needed in order to preserve and restore rural quality of life is an explicit policy to (a) recognize the presence and legitimacy of rural institutions to be recipients of funding and (b) create a comprehensive strategy to channel resources into effective rural development. Recruiting and preparing rural students for rural health professions would be an important part of the strategy.
FEITIÇARIAS E OUTRAS MACUMBAS: PERSPECTIVAS DOCENTES SOBRE A RELIGIOSIDADE DE MATRIZ AFRICANA NO ESPAÇO DA ESCOLA PÚBLICA.

A tematica da religiosidade de matriz africana no ensino medio das escolas publicas constitui-se o objeto central deste estudo, em especial da escola publica que atende a juventude localizada nos espacos perifericos dos grandes centros urbanos. Os dados empiricos apresentados neste trabalho sao oriundos de uma pesquisa financiada pela UNESCO e gerenciada pelo Ministerio da Educacao (MEC), atraves da Secretaria de Educacao Continuada, Alfabetizacao e Diversidade (SECAD). Na origem, a pesquisa que mobilizou esses dados intitulou-se: Afro-brasileiros e Religiosidade de Matriz Africana no Ensino Medio: na esquina um despacho, e a escola? A pesquisa em sua totalidade contemplou a realizacao de um conjunto de entrevistas (professores, membros da equipe diretiva e estudantes) e a coleta de dados a partir de observacoes em tres escolas do Municipio de Porto Alegre, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no ano de 2005. Para este trabalho, apresenta-se uma reflexao centrada especificamente nas percepcoes colhidas dos professores e dos membros das equipes diretivas das escolas pesquisadas. Palavras-chave : Formacao de Professores; Religiosidade de matriz africana; Ensino Religioso; Ensino Medio. Abstract : The topic of African-based religion in high school level at public schools is the main focus of the present study, specially, in relation to those public schools that provide education to the youth living in marginal areas of big cities. The empiric data presented in this paper are the result of a research sponsored by UNESCO and supervised by the Ministery of Education (MEC) by means of the Continuous Education, Literacy and Diverty Office (SECAD). At the beginning, the research project that generated these data was called ‘Afro-Brazilians and African-based Religion in High School: on the corner, an offer. What about the school?’ The research comprised a set of interviews whose respondents were faculty members, managing board, and students, as well as in loco data collection at three schools in the city of Porto Alegre in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in the south of Brazil, in 2005. The present work is centered specifically on the perceptions of faculty members and school managing board of the institutions surveyed. Key words : Teachers’ training and education, African-based religion, religious education, high school
Design of AQM controller for IP routers based on H/sub /spl infin// S/U MSP

This paper proposes an AQM controller design procedure for IP routers using the recently developed H/sub /spl infin// optimal control theory. We apply the H/sub /spl infin// loop-shaping technique to solve the S/U Mixed Sensitivity Problem (MSP) in the controller design. Different weight functions and their impacts on the system performance are evaluated and discussed. Extensive OPNET simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of our designed controller.
Spinal dural enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging associated with spontaneous intracranial hypotension Report of three cases and review of the literature

This report offers a description of typical changes seen on gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the entire spine that indicate spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of its kind. They describe three cases of SIH that were accompanied by dural enhancement throughout the neuraxis on imaging, with the evolution of associated subdural and epidural fluid collections in the spine. Recognition of this disorder is important to be able to distinguish it from an infectious or neoplastic process in which surgical intervention might be warranted. Evaluation using gadolinium-enhanced cranial and spinal MR imaging in patients with postural headaches and an (111)In-labeled cerebrospinal fluid leak study are discussed. Treatment with an epidural blood patch is shown to be particularly effective, with resolution of the radiological and clinical findings.