cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conservation of properties in a free-surface model

In height coordinate ocean models, natural conservation of tracers (temperature, salinity or any passive tracer) requires that the thickness of the surface cell varies with the free-surface displacement, leading to a non-linear free-surface formulation (NLFS). However, NLFS does not guarantee exact conservation unless special care is taken in the implementation, and in particular the time stepping scheme, as pointed out by Griffies et al. (Monthly Weather Rev. 129 (2001) 1081). This paper presents a general method to implement a NLFS in a conservative way, using an implicit free surface formulation. Details are provided for two tracer time stepping schemes, both second order in time and space: a two time-level scheme, such as Lax–Wendroff scheme, guarantees exact tracer conservation;a three time-level scheme such as the Adams–Bashforth II requires further adaptations to achieve exact local conservation and accurate global conservation preventing long term drift of the model tracer content. No compromise is required between local and global conservation since the method accurately conserves any tracer. In addition to the commonly used backward time stepping, the implicit free surface formulation also offers the option of a Crank–Nickelson time stepping which conserves the energy. The methods are tested in idealized experiments designed to emphasize problems of tracer and energy conservation. The tests show the ability of the NLFS method to conserve tracers, in contrast to the linear free-surface formulation. At test of energy conservation reveals that free-surface backward time-stepping strongly damps the solution. In contrast, Crank–Nickelson time stepping exactly conserves energy in the pure linear case and confirms the NLFS improvement relative to the linear free-surface when momentum advection is included. � 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
WEB-BASED TELEAUTONOMY AND TELEPRESENCE

Recent innovations in real-time machine vision, distributed computing, software architectures, highspeed communication, and mobile robotic systems are expanding the available technology for intelligent system development. These technologies allow the realization of intelligent systems that provide the capabilities for a user to experience events from remote locations and to interact with that location using an array of robotic devices. In this paper we describe research being done in the UCSD CVRR that will lead to the realization of a powerful and integrated traffic-incident detection, monitoring, and recovery system. Sensor clusters utilizing both rectilinear and omni-directional cameras will automate information gathering about the incident and provide a real-time televiewing interface to emergency response crews. Ultimately, this system will have a direct impact on reducing incident related highway congestion by improving the quality of information to which emergency personnel have access.
Instructional design based on reusable learning objects: applying lessons of object-oriented software engineering to learning systems design

There is currently a lot of interest in the concept of learning objects. Learning objects are discrete units of learning resources based on agreed standards. The idea behind learning objects is to promote greater reuse of resources within new instructional systems development. The main work in learning objects has primarily focussed on defining the technical requirements and standards for computer based learning objects. The technology itself is not likely to bring the benefits promised by reusable objects without a change in methods used by practicing instructional designers. The instructional design implications of the learning object approach is examined to determine the adaptation required in instructional design methodologies. Object-oriented software engineering is proposed as a useful basis for new thinking in instructional design methodology.
Fan Fiction and the Fair Use Doctrine

This article analyzes the legality of Internet fan fiction through the “fair use doctrine” and the “four factor” test. Internet fan fiction exists in a copyright gray area, because it is (generally) not sold for profit and instead of borrowing from a source material's words, it borrows from their characters and worlds. In addition, there has been no legal precedent set regarding Internet fan fiction, so each instance must be taken on a case by case basis. This article attempts to navigate that gray area by exploring the basics of Fair Use, and then applying them to Internet fan fiction.
Sensitivity of Two Salamander (Ambystoma) Species to Ultraviolet Radiation

Increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation reaching the Earth's surface has been implicated in amphibian declines. Recent studies have shown that many amphibian species have differences in sensitivity depending on developmental stage. Embryos and larvae of Ambystoma maculatum (Spotted Salamander) and larvae of Ambystoma talpoideum (Mole Salamander) were exposed to five simulated UV-B treatments in controlled laboratory experiments to determine the relative sensitivity of different lifestages. Hatching success of the embryos exceeded 95% in all treatments; however, the larvae of both species exhibited greater sensitivity to UV-B exposure. Older larvae of A. maculatum that were not exposed to UV-B as embryos were more sensitive than larvae that had hatched during exposure to UV-B. Growth of surviving larvae of A. maculatum was significantly reduced as UV-B intensity increased, whereas growth of A. talpoideum was unaffected. These results were compared to ambient UV-B conditions in natural environments. It appears that the embryo stage is relatively unaffected by UV-B levels observed in natural habitats, probably because of protection from vegetation, organic matter in the water column, oviposition depth, and egg jelly. The larval stage of these species may be at greater risk, particularly if there is an increase in UV-B radiation exposure caused by increases in water clarity and/or decreases in dissolved organic carbon.
An automated approach to conduct effective on-site presumptive drug tests

Drug traffickers are active and always looking for new ways to mix drugs to avoid their detection and identification. One example is black cocaine, which is a mixture of cocaine base and cocaine hydrochloride and other additional substances. It is challenging for investigators to accurately identify the test for investigative purposes without conducting an on-site evaluation. Presumptive drug test is the preliminary on-site test, conducted by a crime scene investigative officer to detect the presence of a substance by changing color with a chemical reagent. The current approach is manual and relies heavily on the expertise of the officer conducting the test and is limited by their physical ability and other environmental factors. This research aims at developing a novel web-based solution to perform automated presumptive drug tests. The reporting and attestation and reporting are also fully automated. The solution includes real-time interactions between the on-site and the off-site investigative teams. The practical application of this approach is in the field of crime scene investigation both on-site and in the off-site laboratories. The application has been evaluated successfully with two nationally recognized forensic laboratories. Furthermore, a stand-alone hardware/software co-design approach (for security and privacy reasons) is being incorporated as am automated tool in the mobile vehicles of the investigative team.
Laser hazard analysis for various candidate diode lasers associated with the high resolution pulsed scanner.

A laser hazard analysis and safety assessment was performed for each various laser diode candidates associated with the High Resolution Pulse Scanner based on the ANSI Standard Z136.1-2000, American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers. A theoretical laser hazard analysis model for this system was derived and an Excel{reg_sign} spreadsheet model was developed to answer the 'what if questions' associated with the various modes of operations for the various candidate diode lasers.
Preparation for meaningful work and life: urban high school youth's reflections on work-based learning 1 year post-graduation

The challenges confronted by low-income high school students throughout school and across the transition to higher education and employment are well-documented in the US and many other nations. Adopting a positive youth development perspective (Lerner et al., 2005), this study reports findings from interviews with 18 low-income, racially and ethnically diverse graduates of an urban Catholic high school in the US. The interviews were designed to shed light on the post-high school experiences of urban high school graduates and to understand how students construct meaning about the value of school and work-based learning (WBL) in their preparation for meaningful work and life. The interviews highlight the perceived value of the academic and non-cognitive preparation students experienced through high school and WBL in relation to the challenges they encountered along the pathway to post-high school success and decent work. Overall, the findings suggest the potential of WBL for low-income youth in facilitating access to resources that build academic and psychological/non-cognitive assets, while also illustrating the role of structural and contextual factors in shaping post-high school transitions and access to meaningful work and life opportunities.
Characterizations of InAs quantum dot lasers butt-joint coupled with silicon photonics waveguides

InAs quantum dot (QD) laser heterostructures are grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system on GaAs substrates and fabricated. The InAs QD lasers exhibit comparable properties of the state-of-the-art QD lasers with the threshold current density J th and efficiency η i of 475A/cm 2 and 72.6%, respectively, at room temperature. The quantum dot laser emission is butt-joint coupled into silicon photonics waveguides by aligning the laser and silicon photonics chips with two translation stages. Due to the optical feedback to the laser cavity at the air/Si interface, the laser power self-pulsation and reduced threshold current density are observed. And the effective facet reflectivity, R eff , of 62.7% is obtained from the theoretically analysis of the laser characteristics. Furthermore, the silicon photonics waveguides interface is coated with the SiO 2 /TiO 2 antireflection (AR) coating layers, and no laser performance interference is observed owing the reduced optical feedback.
Thermally-induced cutaneous vasodilatation in aging

A decrease in heat-induced cutaneous vasodilatation has been implicated as the cause of increased heat stress in the elderly. We used laser Doppler techniques to study the skin blood flow response to local heat in 82 healthy volunteers. There were 39 young volunteers, mean age 29 +/- 1, and 43 elderly volunteers, mean age 76 +/- 1. There was minimal difference in skin blood flow at 35 degrees C between the two groups. In contrast, skin blood flow at 44 degrees C was significantly lower in the older subjects at nutritively perfused sites, such as the knee and elbow. However, there was no difference between the young and old groups in skin blood flow at the finger or toe pulp, sites with primarily arteriovenous anastomotic (AVA) flow. In the older subjects, the two components of skin blood flow, microvascular volume (VOL) and red blood cell velocity (VEL), were both decreased at 44 degrees C at nutritive sites, but not at AVA sites. Regression analysis demonstrated a linear fall in blood flow, VOL, and VEL with advancing age at nutritive sites at 44 degrees C. We conclude that thermally-induced cutaneous blood flow is reduced in older persons at nutritive capillary sites, but not at AVA sites.
Mechanochemical Properties of Membranes

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with the mechanochemical properties of membranes. It intends to describe briefly the intrinsic material forces, deformation, and rate of deformation of the membrane as a continuum. From thermodynamic principles, this chapter develops the relationship among the intrinsic forces, the deformation, and rate of deformation. This provides the basis for evaluating past experimental studies on membrane mechanics, leads to a first-order appraisal of the constitutive relations among the intensive material parameters. Continuum mechanical properties are related to the molecular structure and provide direct assessment of the material arrangement. In conjunction with thermodynamic considerations, mechanochemical equations of state and material thermodynamic relations can be investigated. Furthermore, experiments must be carefully designed to measure the independent material properties of the membrane. Finally, this chapter concludes that there is a significant requirement for more experimental data.
Factors on in vitro culture of preantral follicles of mammal

Preantral follicles are of great abundance in mammalian ovaries and the vast majority( 99.9%) never become ovulatory; Regulation of follicular development and atresia is a complicated process. With further research about the process of follicle growth, many in vitro models have been established at home and abroad, while in vitro culture of preantral follicles that is applied to evaluating female reproductive toxicology and provides a reliable experimental tool for new drug evaluation has become a hot spot in the current study. This paper reviews the various factors in vitro culture of preantral follicles, such as embryos, separation methods, cultural conditions, and additives, which would further achieve the system to provide experimental basis for the culture.
New trends in the management of inpatients in U.S. hospitals--quality measurements and evidence-based medicine in practice.

OBJECTIVES To summarize and analyze the Premier/CMS Hospital Quality Incentive Demonstration (HQID) Project that is being conducted in the U.S. and to propose acceptance and implementation of similar initiatives in Slovak health care. BACKGROUND New trends in the management of hospitalized patients in the United States include standardization of medical care, application of evidence-based medicine in everyday medical practice, introduction and usage of computerized medical documentation (including computerized physician order entry), efficient use of financial resources, detailed measurements of outcomes, and availability of the data to the public. Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS), largest third party payer in the U.S., has introduced the pay-for-performance (P4P) initiative, a new pilot program designed to promote high quality medical care based on evidence-based medicine by reimbursing top performing hospitals at a higher level than poor performing hospitals. The primary objectives of this program include increasing clinical quality and saving lives. A secondary objective is to improve the cost-effectiveness of health care delivery. RESULTS Data from the first year of the CMS/Premier Hospital Quality Incentive Demonstration Project reflect a significant improvement in the quality of care across five clinical focus areas as measured by 33 nationally standardized and widely accepted quality indicators. The average improvement across the clinical areas was 6.6%. These performance gains have outpaced those of hospitals involved in other national performance initiatives. An evidence-based analysis suggests that the lives of approximately 235 acute myocardial infarction patients were saved as a result of quality improvements in that related focus area alone. CONCLUSION The author believes that similar programs can have a beneficial impact on the Slovak health care system and can promote and encourage the broader introduction of evidence-based medicine in hospitals in Slovakia (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 7).
Ultrafast thermalization dynamics of hot photoelectrons injected into water

We present results on the mechanism of solvated electron production by photoionization of water and photodetachment of iodide with 50fs deep-UV pulses. The relaxation of photoejected electrons from the two systems differs markedly, consistent with the suggestion that iodide detachment leads to an electron:iodine caged pair.
Measuring Perceived Anonymity: The Development of a Context Independent Instrument

In order to assess relationships between perceptions of anonymity and behaviors, a context independent instrument is required for measuring the perceptions of anonymity held by individuals. To date, no such measurement instrument exists that has been shown to be reliable and valid. The authors employ a rigorous design methodology to develop, test, and substantiate a reliable and valid instrument for measuring perceptions of anonymity across different contexts. The PA measure presented is a five item Likert scale designed to measure perceptions of anonymity across multiple contexts. Results from two separate EFA pilot tests (n=61 and n=60), a test-retest, and a CFA final test (n=292) indicate that the PA measure has good internal consistency reliability (a=.82), test-retest reliability, factorial validity, and a single factor structure. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v5i1_hite
Axon Outgrowth of Rat Embryonic Hippocampal Neurons in the Presence of an Electric Field.

Application of an electric field (EF) has long been used to induce axon outgrowth following nerve injuries. The response of mammalian neurons (e.g., axon length, axon guidance) from the central nervous system (CNS) to an EF, however, remains unclear, whereas those from amphibian or avian neuron models have been well characterized. Thus, to determine an optimal EF for axon outgrowth of mammalian CNS neurons, we applied a wide range of EF to rat hippocampal neurons. Our results showed that EF with either a high magnitude (100 mV/mm or higher) or long exposure time (10 h or longer) with low magnitude (10–30 mV/mm) caused a neurite collapse and cell death. We also investigated whether neuronal response to an EF is altered depending on the growth stage of neuron cultures by applying 30 mV/mm to cells from 1 to 11 days in vitro (DIV). Neurons showed the turnover of axon outgrowth pattern when electrically stimulated between 4–5 DIV at which point neurons have both axonal and dendritic formation. The findings of...
For God and country: James Barton, the Ottoman Empire and missionary diplomacy during World War I

AbstractThis article examines the impact of American religious beliefs about Islam in shaping American foreign relations during the First World War by examining the lobbying efforts of Rev. James Barton, the secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, one of the largest American missionary organizations in the United States at that time. During the war, Barton sought to convince both the American public and government officials, including his important network of contacts in the Wilson administration, that converting Muslims to Christianity was a necessity in reforming the empire. In order to do this, he argued that the empire should fall under American or British control after the war.
Point of View in the Novels and Stories of Eduard von Keyserling

(1957). Point of View in the Novels and Stories of Eduard von Keyserling. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 273-281.
Effects of Passive Integrated Transponder Tags on Survival, Growth, and Swimming Performance of Age-0 Shovelnose Sturgeon

AbstractInnovative tools that benefit conservation biology are critical because freshwater fishes are being lost at unprecedented rates. Although mark–recapture is important to characterize population ecology and describe life history traits of declining species, techniques for tagging small-bodied individuals are limited. Recent advances in passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag technology may transform our understanding of fish ecology by providing opportunities to tag small-bodied fishes and early life stages of larger species. Despite the potential value of new PIT tags (8.4 × 1.4 mm), 30% smaller than those previously available, limited research has evaluated their suitability when implanted into small fishes. We evaluated the effectiveness of these tags when surgically implanted into two size-classes (small: 40–70 mm FL; and large: 80–120 mm FL) of age-0 Shovelnose Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus. This species is closely related to the endangered Pallid Sturgeon S. albus and is often used as ...
An integrated Electric Power curriculum: From high school to doctoral research

This paper describes the work in progress for education in Electric Power, Control and Energy Systems (EPCES) at undergraduate and graduate levels, initially commencing in high schools. Further, the paper describes a methodology to build a robust pipeline of high school students who go on to choose electric power/control/energy as a field of study as undergraduates. This paper describes the graduate courses developed and being developed. This paper is based on previous papers and provides the updates since the results reported therein. Resulting from this process are students having the flexibility upon graduation to work in industry or to go on to graduate school and doctoral research, or to work in a field different than power/control/energy.
Assessing Models of Arsenic Occurrence in Drinking Water from Bedrock Aquifers in New Hampshire

Three existing multivariate logistic regression models were assessed using new data to evaluate the capacity of the models to correctly predict the probability of groundwater arsenic concentrations exceeding the threshold values of 1, 5, and 10 micrograms per liter (µg/L) in New Hampshire, USA. A recently released testing dataset includes arsenic concentrations from groundwater samples collected in 2004–2005 from a mix of 367 public-supply and private domestic wells. The use of this dataset to test three existing logistic regression models demonstrated enhanced overall predictive accuracy for the 5 and 10 μg/L models. Overall accuracies of 54.8, 76.3, and 86.4 percent were reported for the 1, 5, and 10 μg/L models, respectively. The state was divided by counties into northwest and southeast regions. Regional differences in accuracy were identified; models had an average accuracy of 83.1 percent for the counties in the northwest and 63.7 percent in the southeast. This is most likely due to high model specificity in the northwest and regional differences in arsenic occurrence. Though these models have limitations, they allow for arsenic hazard assessment across the region. The introduction of well-type (public or private), well depth, and casing length as explanatory variables may be appropriate measures to improve model performance. Our findings indicate that the original models generalize to the testing dataset, and should continue to serve as an important vehicle of preventative public health that may be applied to other groundwater contaminants in New Hampshire.
Establishing 177Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy in a syngeneic model of murine prostate cancer

Clinical 177Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy (RLT) is applied in advanced-stage prostate cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge murine models to study the biologic effects of various activity levels have not been established. The aim of this study was to optimize specific and total activity for 177Lu-PSMA-617 RLT in a syngeneic model of murine prostate cancer. Methods: Murine-reconstituted, oncogene-driven prostate cancer cells (0.1 × 106) (RM1), transduced to express human prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), were injected into the left flank of C57Bl6 immunocompetent mice. RLT was performed by administering a single tail vein injection of 177Lu-PSMA-617 at different formulations for specific (60 MBq at high, 62 MBq/nmol; intermediate, 31 MBq/nmol; or low 15 MBq/nmol specific activity) or total activity (30, 60, or 120 MBq). Organ distribution was determined by ex vivo γ-counter measurement. DNA double-strand breaks were measured using anti-gamma-H2A.X (phospho S139) immunohistochemistry. Efficacy was assessed by serial CT tumor volumetry and 18F-FDG PET metabolic volume. Toxicity was evaluated 4 wk after the start of RLT. Results: Mean tumor-to-kidney ratios ± SEM were 19 ± 5, 10 ± 5, and 2 ± 0 for high, intermediate, and low (each n = 3) specific activity, respectively. Four of 6 (67%) mice treated with intermediate or high specific activity and none of 6 (0%) mice treated with low specific activity or formulation demonstrated significant DNA double-strand breaks (≥5% γ-H2A.X-positive cells). High when compared with intermediate or low specific activity resulted in a lower mean ± SEM tumor load by histopathology (vital tissue, 4 ± 2 vs. 8 ± 3 mm2; n = 3 vs. 6), day-4 18F-FDG PET (metabolic volume, 87 ± 23 vs. 118 ± 14 mm3; n = 6 vs. 12), and day-7 CT (volume, 323 ± 122 vs. 590 ± 46 mm3; n = 3 vs. 6; P = 0.039). 177Lu-PSMA-617 (120 MBq) with high specific activity induced superior tumor growth inhibition (P = 0.021, n = 5/group) without subacute hematologic toxicity (n = 3/group). Conclusion:177Lu-PSMA-617 (120 MBq) and high specific activity resulted in the highest efficacy in a syngeneic model of murine prostate cancer. The model will be useful for studying the effects of PSMA-directed RLT combined with potentially synergistic pharmacologic approaches.
Postnatal diet remodels hepatic DNA methylation in metabolic pathways established by a maternal high-fat diet.

Aim We investigate how postweaning diet may modify the epigenetic landscape to meet metabolic demands later in life. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a high-fat (HF) diet during gestation and lactation. At weaning, male offspring were placed either on an HF diet (HF/HF) or a control diet (HF/C). Methylation-dependent immunoprecipitation sequencing and methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme sequencing were used to quantify hepatic DNA methylation. Results Out of the 3966 identified differentially methylated regions, 37% were mapped to gene bodies while 6% fell within promoter or downstream regions. Differentially methylated genes were clustered in the type II diabetes mellitus and the adipocytokine signaling pathways. Conclusion Our results indicate that compared with a lifelong HF diet, offspring exposed to a new postweaning control diet are able to remodel the hepatic epigenome, emphasizing the dynamic nature of the methylome even after early life.
Interindividual Variability in Metabolism of [6]-Shogaol by Gut Microbiota.

[6]-Shogaol (6S), one of the major bioactive components in dry ginger, is attracting considerable attention because of its wide spectrum of biological activities, but its metabolic fate is still not fully understood. In the present study, the microbial metabolism of 6S was examined for the first time in in vitro batch fecal fermentation system and in mice. Two major microbial metabolites were detected and identified as 1-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3-ol (M9) and 1-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3-one (M11). Our results indicated that reductions of the double bond and the ketone group are the major metabolic pathways of 6S by the human gut microbiota. We also observed the interindividual variability in the metabolism of M11 to M9 by human gut microbiota. In addition, we demonstrated that the glucuronidated form of 6S and its metabolites could be rapidly deconjugated by human gut microbiota and in mice, which can be regarded as a reactive process taking place in the intestinal tract. To our kno...
Serum Ferritin Trends Are Associated with Survival in Adult Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Introduction: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare syndrome of excessive and ineffective activation of the immune system resulting in hyper-inflammatory response. Common presenting features include fever, cytopenias, elevated serum ferritin, and splenomegaly. HLH diagnosis is challenging as the available diagnostic criteria lack specificity. In addition, patients have a dismal outcome, and markers predicting survival are lacking. Ferritin concentration is a surrogate marker for inflammation, and repeated measurements might be associated with disease severity and outcome. We explored the prognostic significance of serum ferritin in adult HLH. Methods: We reviewed diagnoses of adult HLH treated at Barnes-Jewish Hospital (St. Louis, Missouri) and Henry Ford Hospital (Detroit, Michigan). We included 98 patients who met the 2004 Histiocyte Society criteria for HLH and had at least 2 serial ferritin values during the admission when diagnosis was established. Admission ferritin was defined as the initial value, and peak ferritin was defined as the highest value during admission. We examined ferritin levels change during admission which could be increasing (peak ferritin being the last ferritin value) or decreasing (ferritin values decreasing after peak ferritin). Predictive factors for survival during hospital admission were evaluated by univariate analysis followed by logistic regression. Analyses were performed using SPSS version 22, and results were considered significant at p Results: The median age of patients was 48 years (range, 18-79 years); 64 (65%) were male. The most common clinical and laboratory abnormalities during hospitalization were: hyperferritinemia (100%; median 27,306 µg/L; range 1,823 - 684,000 µg/L), fever (96%), cytopenias (91%), hemophagocytosis (76.7%), elevated triglycerides (72.4%), splenomegaly (67.3%), and hypofibrinogenemia (42.7%). Median duration of hospital stay was 20 days (range, 1 - 89 days); 38 (39%) patients died during admission. Death was attributed to sepsis in 23 patients, lymphoma in 7, bleeding in 4, GVHD in 1, liver failure in 1, metastatic solid tumor in 1, and unknown in 1. Table 1 shows the parameters analyzed as predictors of mortality during hospital stay. In the univariate analysis, we found that age ≥50 years, increasing ferritin levels during admission, and malignancy were associated with higher mortality. At the multivariate regression level, age ≥50 years (OR = 3.31; 95% CI: 1.2 - 9.15; p = 0.021) and increasing ferritin levels (OR = 8.96; 95% CI: 2.97 - 27.02; p Conclusion: Our results showed that ferritin trends rather than absolute concentration are associated with risks of mortality when HLH is diagnosed during a hospitalization. A declining ferritin trend is associated with lower risk of death and an increasing ferritin trend is associated with an increased risk of death. Prospective investigations of ferritin trends in HLH are warranted. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Dose-Response Models for Eastern US, Western US and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Viruses in Mice - Part II: Quantification of the Effects of Host Age on the Dose Response.

Abstract Many infectious disease hazards demonstrate higher susceptibility with regards to younger host ages. This trend of increased susceptibility with decreasing host age can also lead to an increased likelihood of mortality, and prolonged/chronic health effects. For quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) modeling, the ability to quantify the effect of host age in the dose response model can allow modelers to account for these effects mechanistically. Additionally, QMRA modelers using age-dependent dose response models can model entire populations within the dose-response itself rather than modeling age ranges using susceptibility factors. This research developed host-age dependent exponential and beta Poisson dose response models for Eastern, Western and Venezuelan encephalitis viruses (EEV, WEV and VEV respectively) for two routes – intracranial and intraperitoneal. Improvement in fit was statistically tested as a means of assessing the benefit of including age dependency into the dose response models. EEV demonstrated improvement in fit using host-age dependency only for the exponential model except for intracranial exposure. EEV demonstrated an improvement in fit when using age dependency in the beta Poisson dose response model for both exposure routes. VEV demonstrated an improvement in fit using age dependency for both exposure routes. WEV demonstrated an improvement in fit for intracranial exposure, but neither of the age dependent dose-response models provided a good fit for WEV intraperitoneal exposure.
Trust in Human-Autonomy Teaming: A Review of Trust Research from the US Army Research Laboratory Robotics Collaborative Technology Alliance

Trust is paramount to the development of effective human-robot teaming. It becomes even more important as robotic systems evolve to make both independent and interdependent decisions in high-risk, dynamic environments. Yet, despite decades of research looking at trust in human-interpersonal teams, human-animal teams, and human-automation interaction, there are still a number of critical research gaps related to human-robot trust. The US Army Research Laboratory Robotics Collaborative Technology Alliance (RCTA) is a 10-year program with government, industry and academia combining to conduct collaborative research across four major robotic technical areas of intelligence, perception, human-robot interaction, and manipulation and mobility. This paper describes findings from over 60 publications and 49 presentations describing research conducted as part of the RCTA from 2010 to 2017 to address these critical gaps on human-robot trust.
The Effect of Mixtures of Xenobiotics and Primary Electron Donor on the Anaerobic Biotransformation of High Concentrations of Chlorinated Aliphatics

Results are presented from experiments addressing the anaerobic biotransfoimation of high concentrations of three chlorinated aliphatics, dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform (CF), and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), when fed alone and in mixtures. Experiments were conducted to address the effect of feeding mixtures of these compounds on the transformation rates of individual components in the mixture, and to assess the effect of acetate loading rates on the extent of transformation of the chlorinated aliphatics. Feeding mixtures of chlorinated aliphatics caused decreased transformation of TCA, increased the transformation of DCM, and had mixed effects on CF transformation. The systems fed higher acetate loading rates demonstrated an increased ability to transform the chlorinated aliphatics.
Automatically extracting clinically useful sentences from UpToDate to support clinicians' information needs.

UNLABELLED Clinicians raise several information needs in the course of care. Most of these needs can be met by online health knowledge resources such as UpToDate. However, finding relevant information in these resources often requires significant time and cognitive effort. OBJECTIVE To design and assess algorithms for extracting from UpToDate the sentences that represent the most clinically useful information for patient care decision making. METHODS We developed algorithms based on semantic predications extracted with SemRep, a semantic natural language processing parser. Two algorithms were compared against a gold standard composed of UpToDate sentences rated in terms of clinical usefulness. RESULTS Clinically useful sentences were strongly correlated with predication frequency (correlation= 0.95). The two algorithms did not differ in terms of top ten precision (53% vs. 49%; p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Semantic predications may serve as the basis for extracting clinically useful sentences. Future research is needed to improve the algorithms.
Is it organic or is it functional. Is it hysteria or malingering

Conversion hysteria, a common affliction, requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent fixation of the incapacity and secondary contractures, and to protect the patient from unnecessary surgery. Diagnostic and therapeutic principles are outlined.
Party Identification in the Age of Obama: Evidence on the Sources of Stability and Systematic Change in Party Identification from a Long-Term Panel Survey:

Political scientists have long disagreed about the nature of individual-level change in party identification. While some scholars conclude that party identification is a stable identity—attributing...
Abstract 3629: Repeated abscopal effect with radiation and anti-PD-1 blockade in MMR deficient endometrial cancer

The combination of radiation therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors has raised interest as possibly having synergistic antitumor effects. Radiation can induce both a local response as well as a systemic one that stimulates immune cells, which then can be further potentiated by immunotherapy. This abscopal effect has been validated in preclinical studies and is currently being studied in clinical trials, though it has yet to be reported in gynecologic cancers. A 64-year-old woman initially presented with vaginal bleeding and was subsequently diagnosed with stage IIIC endometrial adenocarcinoma with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. She underwent surgical resection with adjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel. Follow-up CT scans showed progression of disease, and over the next 18 months, the patient was sequentially treated with doxorubicin, topotecan, melphalan, docetaxel, and capecitabine. Analysis of a tumor biopsy demonstrated an MMR deficient phenotype with absent MLH1 and PMS2. Based on the recently-published data on the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in MMR deficient solid tumors, the patient was started on nivolumab. Meanwhile, she was given palliative radiation therapy to the following areas: painful cutaneous metastases on her left thigh; an L3 spinal metastasis; lymph nodes in the retroperitoneum, external iliacs, and left inguinal chain; and a symptomatic bladder mass. After radiation, the patient exhibited a strong partial response not only in the targeted lesions but also throughout her tumor burden, consistent with an abscopal effect. This response was sustained over many months and repeatable with each radiation session. The synergistic use of radiation therapy and immune checkpoint blockade may thus represent a powerful treatment modality in endometrial cancer and warrants further clinical investigation. Citation Format: Michael S. Oh, Young Chae. Repeated abscopal effect with radiation and anti-PD-1 blockade in MMR deficient endometrial cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3629.
Synthesis of protected glucose derivatives from levoglucosan by development of common carbohydrate protecting group reactions under continuous flow conditions

Common carbohydrate protecting group reactions under continuous flow processes are reported in the context of producing partially-protected glucose building blocks from levoglucosan. Benzyl ether protection was demonstrated without the use of NaH using barium oxide, which, however, pointed to the need for forms of this catalyst not as susceptible to close packing under flow. Acylation conditions were developed under continuous flow in acetonitrile and avoiding pyridine. Ring-opening the derivatized levoglucosan with propanethiol was also demonstrated producing S-alkyl 2,4-di-O-benzyl-glucopyranoside building block in 2 rather than 12 steps in increased overall yield.
Which activities count? Using experimental data to understand conceptualizations of physical activity.

Abstract US health surveys consistently report that men and those with higher socioeconomic status (SES) engage in more physical activity than women and lower SES counterparts, using questions that ask about physical activity during leisure time. However, social characteristics such as gender and SES shape understandings of and access to leisure-based physical activity as well as other domains where healthy activity is available – namely house work, care work, and paid work. Thus, the physical activity of US adults may look different when what counts as physical activity expands beyond leisure activity. The current study uses Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform to conduct a 2-by-2-by-2 factorial experiment that crosses three types of physical activities: leisure, house or care work, and paid work. We find that physical activity questions that prime respondents – that is, ask respondents – to consider house/care work or paid work lead to increased minutes reported of physical activity compared to not priming for physical activity, while asking about leisure is no different from having no physical activity primed. The effect on reported physical activity of priming with house/care work is stronger for women than men, demonstrating support for gendered specialization of time spent in the house and care work domain. The effects on reported physical activity of priming with house/care work and paid work are stronger for those with less education compared to more education, consistent with socioeconomic divisions in access to physical activity in house/care work and employment. This study highlights the contingence of our understanding of the physical activity of US adults on both its measurement in surveys and the social forces which shape understanding of and access to physical activity.
Understanding convolutional neural networks via discriminant feature analysis

Trained features of a convolution neural network (CNN) at different convolution layers is analyzed using two quantitative metrics in this work. We first show mathematically that the Gaussian confusion measure (GCM) can be used to identify the discriminative ability of an individual feature. Next, we generalize this idea, introduce another measure called the cluster purity measure (CPM), and use it to analyze the discriminative ability of multiple features jointly. The discriminative ability of trained CNN features is validated by experimental results. Research on CNNs utilizing GCM and CPM tools offers important insights into its operational mechanism, including the behavior of trained CNN features and good detection performance of some object classes that were considered difficult in the past. Finally, the trained feature representation is compared between different CNN structures to explain the superiority of deeper networks.
Context-Oriented Privacy Protection in Wireless Sensor Networks

As more devices become connected to the internet and new technologies emerge to connect them, security must keep up to protect data during transmission and at rest. Several instances of security breaches have forced many companies to investigate the effectiveness of their security measures. In this paper, we discuss different methodologies for protecting data as it relates to wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Data collected from these sensors range in type from location data of an individual to surveillance for military applications. We propose a solution that protects the location of the base station and the nodes while transmitting data.
YAP regulates cell size and growth dynamics via non-cell autonomous mediators

The Hippo pathway regulates organ size, regeneration, and cell growth by controlling the stability of the transcription factor, YAP (Yorkie in Drosophila). When there is tissue damage, YAP is activated allowing the restoration of homeostatic tissue size. The exact signals by which YAP is activated are still not fully understood, but its activation is known to affect both cell size and cell number. Here we used cultured cells to examine the coordinated regulation of cell size and number under the control of YAP. Our experiments in isogenic HEK293 cells reveal that YAP can affect cell size and number by independent circuits. Some of these effects are cell autonomous, such as proliferation, while others are mediated by secreted signals. In particular CYR61, a known secreted YAP target, is a non-cell autonomous mediator of cell survival, while another unidentified secreted factor controls cell size.
ST Segment Elevation Caused by Artifact From Cylindrical Battery Ingestion.

Abstract Background Ingestion of cylindrical batteries is uncommon. Management can include removal via upper endoscopy, surgical excision, or observation. This case demonstrates the rare phenomenon of cylindrical battery ingestion causing an electrocardiogram (ECG) artifact that mimics ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI). Case Report A 51-year-old man who ingested 13 small pencils and 18 AA batteries was found to have ST segment elevation in the inferior leads of the ECG. Further cardiac workup including cardiac biomarkers and transthoracic echocardiogram was negative, and his ECG changes resolved after extraction of the batteries. The ST segment changes were most likely caused by electrical artifact from battery ingestion. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? When faced with an ECG finding that is unexpected and that does not fit the patient's overall clinical picture, emergency physicians should consider artifact as a possible cause. Recognition of artifact as the cause of an ECG abnormality can obviate the need for a prolonged and potentially invasive cardiac workup.
Periodic Tendril Perversion and Helices in the AMoO2F3 (A = K, Rb, NH4, Tl) Family

Although compounds of the formula AMoO2F3 (A = K, Rb, Cs, NH4, Tl) have been known for decades, crystal structures have only been reported for CsMoO2F3 and NH4MoO2F3. The three compounds (Rb/NH4/Tl...
The Implementation of the honest opportunity probation with enforcement demonstration field experiment: experiences from the field

The Honest Opportunity Probation with Enforcement Demonstration Field Experiment (HOPE DFE) was the largest and most rigorous test of the HOPE model. Outcomes from this experiment indicated null or...
Preclinical Assessment of the Effectiveness of Magnetic Resonance Molecular Imaging of Extradomain-B Fibronectin for Detection and Characterization of Oral Cancer

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not seen a substantial improvement in patient survival despite therapeutic advances, making accurate detection and characterization of the disease a clinical priority. Here, we aim to demonstrate the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the targeted MRI contrast agent MT218 specific to extradomain-B fibronectin (EDB-FN) in the tumor microenvironment for detection and characterization of aggressive OSCC tumors. EDB-FN expression was evaluated in human normal tongue and OSCC specimens with immunohistochemistry. Invasiveness of human CAL27, HSC3, and SCC4 OSCC cells was analyzed with spheroid formation and transwell assays. EDB-FN expression in the cells was analyzed with semiquantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and a peptide binding study with confocal microscopy. Contrast-enhanced MRI with MT218 was performed on subcutaneous OSCC mouse models at a dose of 0.04 mmol/kg, using gadoteridol (0.1 mmol/kg) as a control. Strong EDB-FN expression was observed in human untreated primary and metastatic OSCC, reduced expression in treated OSCC, and little expression in normal tongue tissue. SCC4 and HSC3 cell lines demonstrated high invasive potential with high and moderate-EDB-FN expression, respectively, while CAL27 showed little invasive potential and low-EDB-FN expression. In T1-weighted MRI, MT218 produced differential contrast enhancement in the subcutaneous tumor models in correlation with EDB-FN expression in the cancer cells. Enhancement in the high-EDB-FN tumors was greater with MT218 at 0.04 mmol/kg than gadoteridol at 0.1 mmol/kg. The results suggest EDB-FN has strong potential as an imageable biomarker for aggressive OSCC. MRMI results demonstrate the effectiveness of MT218 and the potential for differential diagnostic imaging of oral cancer for improving the management of the disease.