cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase. Part 1: Evaluation of the southern region of (2Z)-2-(benzoylamino)-3-(5-phenyl-2-furyl)acrylic acid

A novel series of nonnucleoside HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors were prepared from (2Z)-2-(benzoylamino)-3-(5-phenyl-2-furyl)acrylic acid, a high throughput screening lead. SAR studies combined with structure based drug design focusing on the southern heterobiaryl region of the template led to the synthesis of several potent and orally bioavailable lead compounds. X-ray crystallography studies were also performed to understand the interaction of these inhibitors with HCV NS5B polymerase.
Analytic modeling of multitier Internet applications

Since many Internet applications employ a multitier architecture, in this article, we focus on the problem of analytically modeling the behavior of such applications. We present a model based on a network of queues where the queues represent different tiers of the application. Our model is sufficiently general to capture (i) the behavior of tiers with significantly different performance characteristics and (ii) application idiosyncrasies such as session-based workloads, tier replication, load imbalances across replicas, and caching at intermediate tiers. We validate our model using real multitier applications running on a Linux server cluster. Our experiments indicate that our model faithfully captures the performance of these applications for a number of workloads and configurations. Furthermore, our model successfully handles a comprehensive range of resource utilization---from 0 to near saturation for the CPU---for two separate tiers. For a variety of scenarios, including those with caching at one of the application tiers, the average response times predicted by our model were within the 95p confidence intervals of the observed average response times. Our experiments also demonstrate the utility of the model for dynamic capacity provisioning, performance prediction, bottleneck identification, and session policing. In one scenario, where the request arrival rate increased from less than 1500 to nearly 4200 requests/minute, a dynamic provisioning technique employing our model was able to maintain response time targets by increasing the capacity of two of the tiers by factors of 2 and 3.5, respectively.
Upconversion-powered photoelectrochemistry

Upconversion photochemistry occurring between palladium(II) octaethylporphyrin (PdOEP, 1) and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA, 2) in toluene successfully sensitizes nanostructured WO3 photoanodes (Eg = 2.7 eV) to sub-bandgap non-coherent green photons at low power density.
Refraction Correction in 3D Transcranial Ultrasound Imaging

We present the first correction of refraction in three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging using an iterative approach that traces propagation paths through a two-layer planar tissue model, applying Snell’s law in 3D. This approach is applied to real-time 3D transcranial ultrasound imaging by precomputing delays offline for several skull thicknesses, allowing the user to switch between three sets of delays for phased array imaging at the push of a button. Simulations indicate that refraction correction may be expected to increase sensitivity, reduce beam steering errors, and partially restore lost spatial resolution, with the greatest improvements occurring at the largest steering angles. Distorted images of cylindrical lesions were created by imaging through an acrylic plate in a tissue-mimicking phantom. As a result of correcting for refraction, lesions were restored to 93.6% of their original diameter in the lateral direction and 98.1% of their original shape along the long axis of the cylinders. In imaging two healthy volunteers, the mean brightness increased by 8.3% and showed no spatial dependency.
A Framework for Fully Integrating Environmental Assessment

A new framework for environmental assessment is needed because no existing framework explicitly includes all types of environmental assessments. We propose a framework that focuses on resolving environmental problems by integrating different types of assessments. Four general types of assessments are included: (1) condition assessments to detect chemical, physical, and biological impairments; (2) causal pathway assessments to determine causes and identify their sources; (3) predictive assessments to estimate environmental, economic, and societal risks, and benefits associated with different possible management actions; and (4) outcome assessments to evaluate the results of the decisions of an integrative assessment. The four types of assessments can be neatly arrayed in a two-by-two matrix based on the direction of analysis of causal relationships (rows) and whether the assessment identifies problems or solves them (columns). We suggest that all assessments have a common structure of planning, analysis, and synthesis, thus simplifying terminology and facilitating communication between types of assessments and environmental programs. The linkage between assessments is based on intermediate decisions that initiate another assessment or a final decision signaling the resolution of the problem. The framework is applied to three cases: management of a biologically impaired river, remediation of a contaminated site, and reregistration of a pesticide. We believe that this framework clarifies the relationships among the various types of assessment processes and their links to specific decisions.
Sameness and the self: philosophical and psychological considerations

In this paper I examine the concept of cross-temporal personal identity (diachronicity). This particular form of identity has vexed theorists for centuries – e.g., how can a person maintain a belief in the sameness of self over time in the face of continual psychological and physical change? I first discuss various forms of the sameness relation and the criteria that justify their application. I then examine philosophical and psychological treatments of personal diachronicity (for example, Locke’s psychological connectedness theory; the role of episodic memory) and find each lacking on logical grounds, empirical grounds or both. I conclude that to achieve a successful resolution of the issue of the self as a temporal continuant we need to draw a sharp distinction between the feeling of the sameness of one’s self and the evidence marshaled in support of that feeling.
Exploring interface options in multimedia educational environments

Multimedia technology allows information to be organized and represented in a wide variety of ways. For a computer-based educational environment to be effective, the subject matter must be presented in a clear and comprehensible format. Many multimedia applications organize information based on its physical format, i.e., sound clips, still images, text, and so on. However it is also possible to organize information based on the learner's plan to use information. Such "cognitive media types", media organized around cognition rather than physical format, include definitions, examples, worked problems, and problem sets [Recker, Ram, Shikano, Li & Stasko 1995].
Bipartite and tripartite systems and matrices from genetic control research

Discovering the organizational principles of genetic expression has recently become an arena of substantial investigative effort and modeling challenges. Laboratory findings of geneticists can be couched in terms of classes of stoichiometric networks that through stability analysis lead to classes of matrix patterns. In particular, targets, blocks, and decoys are variables in genetic systems with relationships that can be described by bipartite and tripartite graphs. Related dynamical systems will exhibit stability if a mixture of qualitative and quantitative criteria is applied. Analyses of the models suggest limits of total induction rates of blocks and decoys relative to other rates.
Activation of Lipoxin a4 Receptors by Aspirin-Triggered Lipoxins and Select Peptides Evokes Ligand-Specific Responses in Inflammation

Lipoxin (LX) A4 and aspirin-triggered LX (ATL) are endogenous lipids that regulate leukocyte trafficking via specific LXA4 receptors (ALXRs) and mediate antiinflammation and resolution. ATL analogues dramatically inhibited human neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte [PMN]) responses evoked by a potent necrotactic peptide derived from mitochondria as well as a rogue synthetic chemotactic peptide. These bioactive lipid analogues and small peptides each selectively competed for specific 3H-LXA4 binding with recombinant human ALXR, and its N -glycosylation proved essential for peptide but not LXA4 recognition. Chimeric receptors constructed from receptors with opposing functions, namely ALXR and leukotriene B4 receptors (BLTs), revealed that the seventh transmembrane segment and adjacent regions of ALXR are essential for LXA4 recognition, and additional regions of ALXR are required for high affinity binding of the peptide ligands. Together, these findings are the first to indicate that a single seven-transmembrane receptor can switch recognition as well as function with certain chemotactic peptides to inhibitory with ATL and LX (lipid ligands). Moreover, they suggest that ALXR activation by LX or ATL can protect the host from potentially deleterious PMN responses associated with innate immunity as well as direct effector responses in tissue injury by recognition of peptide fragments.
The Role of Thinking in the Comforting Process An Empirical Test of a Dual-Process Framework

Using data from 192 undergraduates asked to imagine a stressful experience, this study finds support for two primary contentions of a dual-process theory of supportive message outcomes: (a) message content impacts anticipated affect improvement (AAI) when processing motivation is high but not when low and (b) processing extent mediates the relationship between verbal person centeredness (VPC) and AAI for highly motivated participants. In addition, the dual-process framework was used to forward a modified theory of conversationally induced reappraisals. In support of this model, positive emotion words and situation reappraisal mediated the VPC-AAI link only when recipients afforded close attention to message content. The discussion focuses on how the dual-process framework might assist in modifying theories of supportive communication in other ways.
EXACT COHERENT STATES OF A ONE-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM FLUID IN A TIME-DEPENDENT TRAPPING POTENTIAL

We find exact coherent states for a one-dimensional quantum fluid interacting by an inverse-square pair potential, contained by a time-dependent harmonic trapping potential. These states are those that would evolve from the ground state of the time-independent problem. Correlations are determined, and a hydrodynamic description is shown to be exact. We treat the case of a nondissipative ``sloshing'' mode characteristic of superfluidity, free expansion where time-of-flight measurements do not give the momentum distribution, and a periodically varying trapping potential exhibiting alternating regions of stable and unstable behavior.
Effects of phase changes on weld pool shape in laser welding

A mathematical model is developed to relate the weld depth and width to the laser parameters. The model is based on the Stefan condition for quasi-steady state laser welding. Simple expressions are obtained for the shapes of the solid - liquid and liquid - vapour interfaces. They are found as functions of the laser irradiance, welding speed, absorptivity and thermal diffusivity. Simple expressions for the temperature distributions in the liquid and solid phases are also presented. The results for the weld depths and widths and the temperature distributions in the workpiece are illustrated for various laser intensities and welding speeds. The predictions of this simple model are found to compare well with experimental data and other previous models.
Increased therapeutic potential of an experimental anti-mitotic inhibitor SB715992 by genistein in PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line

Kinesin spindle proteins (KSP) are motor proteins that play an essential role in mitotic spindle formation. HsEg5, a KSP, is responsible for the formation of the bipolar spindle, which is critical for proper cell division during mitosis. The function of HsEg5 provides a novel target for the manipulation of the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis. SB715992, an experimental KSP inhibitor, has been shown to perturb bipolar spindle formation, thus making it an excellent candidate for anti-cancer agent. Our major objective was a) to investigate the cell growth inhibitory effects of SB715992 on PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line, b) to investigate whether the growth inhibitory effects of SB715992 could be enhanced when combined with genistein, a naturally occurring isoflavone and, c) to determine gene expression profile to establish molecular mechanism of action of SB715992. PC-3 cells were treated with varying concentration of SB715992, 30 μM of genistein, and SB715992 plus 30 μM of genistein. After treatments, PC-3 cells were assayed for cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and alteration in gene and protein expression using cell inhibition assay, apoptosis assay, microarray analysis, real-time RT-PCR, and Western Blot analysis. SB715992 inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells. SB715992 was found to regulate the expression of genes related to the control of cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell signaling pathways, and apoptosis. In addition, our results showed that combination treatment with SB715992 and genistein caused significantly greater cell growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis compared to the effects of either agent alone. Our results clearly show that SB715992 is a potent anti-tumor agent whose therapeutic effects could be enhanced by genistein. Hence, we believe that SB715992 could be a novel agent for the treatment of prostate cancer with greater success when combined with a non-toxic natural agent like genistein.
Modafinil Therapy for Apathy in an Elderly Patient

Objective:To present a case of successful treatment of apathy syndrome with modafinil.Case Summary:A 78-year-old man with dementia and depression was also experiencing apathy that did not respond to antidepressants including escitalopram, a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Escitalopram was discontinued and modafinil, a novel vigilance-promoting agent pharmacologically distinct from stimulants, was used to successfully treat the apathy. The dosage regimen was initiated at 50 mg and titrated to 200 mg/day over 4 weeks. Apathy was assessed using the Apathy Evaluation Scale developed specifically to identify apathy and also to differentiate this from depression.Discussion:Apathy, a common behavioral problem, is often mistaken for depression; however, apathy differs from depression in symptomatology, clinical presentation, and treatment options. SSRIs, a common treatment for depression, are known to cause or increase apathy. Deficits in the dopamine receptor system are involved in the etiology of...
Glucocorticoids differentially increase nerve growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor expression in the rat brain

Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and adrenal steroids may influence trophic processes operative in neuronal plasticity. Because nerve growth factor (NGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) participate in neuronal trophism, we have investigated whether adrenal steroids induce the expression of these two trophic factors in the rat brain. The systemic administration of dexamethasone (DEX) elicited a rapid (within 3 hr) and sustained accumulation of bFGF and NGF mRNA in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Regional studies showed that DEX increases bFGF but not NGF mRNA in the cerebellum, striatum, and hypothalamus. In situ hybridization studies revealed that DEX increases NGF mRNA in superficial layers of the cerebral cortex and in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and bFGF mRNA throughout the brain, suggesting that DEX induces NGF mRNA in neurons and bFGF in glial cells. ACTH administered systemically elicited a temporal and regional induction in NGF and bFGF mRNA similar to that obtained with DEX. Increases in NGF and bFGF mRNAs were also observed after administration of corticosterone and, albeit to a lesser extent, aldosterone, suggesting that the pituitary-adrenocortical axis plays an important role in the regulation of NGF and bFGF expression in the brain. Our data suggest that NGF and bFGF represent a link by which the adrenal cortical system can exert trophic action on the CNS.
Limiting home visiting effects: maternal depression as a moderator of child maltreatment.

OBJECTIVE: To test, with a sample of adolescent mothers (16–20 at childbirth) and their first-born infants/toddlers (average age 1 year), whether the impact of a home visiting (HV) child maltreatment prevention program was moderated by maternal depression. METHODS: The study design was a randomized controlled trial of Healthy Families Massachusetts, a statewide child maltreatment prevention program. A total of 707 first-time mothers were randomly assigned to the HV or control group. The HV group received visits from paraprofessional home visitors. Mothers in the control group were referred to other service providers. The outcome variable consisted of state Child Protective Services reports of child abuse and neglect (mother or other person as perpetrator). Maternal depression was assessed by maternal report (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression questionnaire). RESULTS: A considerable proportion of families had child maltreatment reports (30% of sample) and maternal depression (38% had clinically significant symptoms). Most maltreatment was neglect. Among control group mothers, reports of maltreatment did not vary according to depressive symptoms. For HV mothers, probability of reports varied with levels of depressive symptoms. Nonsymptomatic HV mothers were less likely to have a child who was reported for maltreatment compared with HV mothers who endorsed clinical levels of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of maternal depressive symptoms in this sample, and the link between depression and child maltreatment prevention program effectiveness, suggest that home visitors be alert to maternal depression. Programs also should be aware of possible surveillance effects related to maternal depression.
Enhanced Electrical Conductivity of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Mixed with Carbon Nanotubes: A Spectroscopic Study

We studied imidazolium-based ionic liquids mixed with multiwall carbon nanotubes using impedance spectroscopy and nuclear magneticresonance.Theresultsshowapercolationthresholdbelow1wt%ofcarbonnanotubes,which,duetotheirhighdispersibility inimidazolium-basedionicliquids,is3-to8-foldlowerthanthepercolationthresholdforcarbonnanotubesintypicalorganicsolvents. The addition of carbon nanotubes appears to polarize their interface with imidazolium-based ionic liquids and increases the diffusion coefficient of the anions up to 35%, which is likely due to weak van der Waals interactions between the carbon nanotube walls and the cations. These effects produce a 3- to 5-fold increase in electrical conductivity of the electrolyte mixture, at carbon nanotube
Twelve tips for implementing tools for direct observation of medical trainees' clinical skills during patient encounters.

Background: Direct observation of medical trainees by their supervisors with actual patients is essential for trainees to develop clinical skills competence. Despite the many available tools for direct observation of trainees by supervisors, it is unclear how educators should identify an appropriate tool for a particular clinical setting and implement the tool to maximize educational benefits for trainees in a manner that is feasible for faculty. Aims and methods: Based on our previous systematic review of the literature, we provide 12 tips for selecting and incorporating a tool for direct observation into a medical training program. We focus specifically on direct observation that occurs in clinical settings with actual patients. Results: Educators should focus on the existing tools for direct observation that have evidence of validity. Tool implementation must be a component of an educational program that includes faculty development about rating performance, providing meaningful feedback, and developing action plans collaboratively with learners. Conclusions: Educators can enhance clinical skills education with strategic incorporation of tools for direct observation into medical training programs. Identification of a psychometrically sound instrument and attention to faculty development and the feedback process are critical to the success of a program of direct observation. Background
A randomized trial comparing structured and lifestyle goals in an internet-mediated walking program for people with type 2 diabetes.

Background The majority of individuals with type 2 diabetes do not exercise regularly. Pedometer-based walking interventions can help; however, pedometer-based interventions targeting only total daily accumulated steps might not yield the same health benefits as physical activity programs specifying a minimum duration and intensity of physical activity bouts.
Unpredictable Work Timing in Retail Jobs: Implications for Employee Work–Life Conflict

Unpredictability is a distinctive dimension of working time that has been examined primarily in the context of unplanned overtime and in male-dominated occupations. The authors assess the extent to...
CHD2-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Clinical characteristics CHD2-related neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (i.e., refractory seizures and cognitive slowing or regression associated with frequent ongoing epileptiform activity). Seizure onset is typically between ages six months and four years. Seizure types typically include drop attacks, myoclonus, and rapid onset of multiple seizure types associated with generalized spike-wave on EEG, atonic-myoclonic-absence seizures, and clinical photosensitivity. Intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorders are common. Diagnosis/testing The diagnosis of a CHD2-related neurodevelopmental disorder is established in a proband with suggestive findings and a heterozygous pathogenic variant in CHD2 identified by molecular genetic testing. Management Treatment of manifestations: Seizures should be managed by an experienced pediatric neurologist. At this time, no specific guidelines regarding choice of specific anti-seizure medications exist, as the best regimen for CHD2-related neurodevelopmental disorders is not yet established. Most Individuals remain refractory to treatment and require multiple anti-seizure medications. Support services for those with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and/or associated psychiatric/behavioral disorders. Surveillance: At each visit assess for new seizures or change in seizures; evaluate developmental progress and educational needs; behavioral assessment for anxiety, attention, and aggressive or self-injurious behavior; assess family need for social work support and care coordination. Agents/circumstances to avoid: Because clinical photosensitivity may result in injuries due to the consequences of induced seizures, it is recommended that stimuli which may provoke seizures (e.g., intensely flickering lights) be avoided. Genetic counseling CHD2-related neurodevelopmental disorders are autosomal dominant disorders typically caused by a de novo pathogenic variant. If the CHD2 pathogenic variant identified in the proband is not identified in either parent, the risk to sibs is low but greater than that of the general population because of the possibility of parental germline mosaicism. Once the CHD2 pathogenic variant has been identified in an affected family member, prenatal and preimplantation genetic testing are possible.
Exposure to airborne particulate matter during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth: a population-based cohort study

Test the hypothesis that exposure to fine particulate matter in the air (PM2.5) is associated with increased risk of preterm birth (PTB). Geo-spatial population-based cohort study using live birth records from Ohio (2007–2010) linked to average daily measures of PM2.5, recorded by 57 EPA network monitoring stations across the state. Geographic coordinates of the home residence for births were linked to the nearest monitoring station using ArcGIS. Association between PTB and high PM2.5 levels (above the EPA annual standard of 15 μg/m3) was estimated using GEE, with adjustment for age, race, education, parity, insurance, tobacco, birth season and year, and infant gender. An exchangeable correlation matrix for the monitor stations was used in the models. Analyses were limited to non-anomalous singleton births at 20-42weeks with no known chromosome abnormality occurring within 10 km of a monitor station. The frequency of PTB was 8.5 % in the study cohort of 224,921 singleton live births. High PM2.5 exposure (>EPA recommended maximum) occurred frequently during the study period, with 24,662 women (11 %) having high exposure in all three trimesters. Pregnancies with high PM2.5 exposure through pregnancy had increased PTB risk even after adjustment for coexisting risk factors, adjOR 1.19 (95 % CI 1.09–1.30). Assessed per trimester, high 3rd trimester PM2.5 exposure resulted in the highest PTB risk, adjOR 1.28 (95 % CI 1.20–1.37). Exposure to high levels of particulate air pollution, PM2.5, in pregnancy is associated with a 19 % increased risk of PTB; with greatest risk with high 3rd trimester exposure. Although the risk increase associated with high PM2.5 levels is modest, the potential impact on overall PTB rates is robust as all pregnant women are potentially at risk. This exposure may in part contribute to the higher preterm birth rates in Ohio compared to other states in the US, especially in urban areas.
Molecular predictors of treatment response in colon and gastric cancer.

619 Background: With the noted exception of KRAS mutational status, currently there exists limited data regarding the incorporation of tumor-derived biomarkers in the clinical management of gastrointestinal malignancies. High ERCC1 levels have been associated with inferior results in platinum-treated patients with non-small cell lung cancer, esophageal cancers, and head and neck cancer. Lenz et al. concluded ERCC-1 gene expression levels may allow the selection of patients who may benefit from FOLFOX chemotherapy in metastatic colon cancer. Low intra-tumoral ERCC1 mRNA expression predicted improved PFS and OS in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma who were treated with tri-modality therapy in the SWOG 0356 correlative study. Methods: To determine the prevalence and patterns of expression of select tumor biomarkers including ERCC1, TS, HER-2, KRAS, BRAF, and EGFR gene expression was measured in metastatic gastric and colorectal cancers using formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumor samples from 120 metas...
Effect of Sand Content on Properties of Self-Consolidating, High-Performance Cementitious Mortar

The workability and compressive strength of a high-performance cementitious mortar (HPCM) produced by using a natural siliceous sand were studied as a function of sand content [expressed as sand-to-cementitious materials ratio (s/cm)], silica fume (SF) content, and high-range water reducing admixture (HRWRA) dosage. The purpose of this study was to maximize the proportion of sand content without negatively affecting workability and mechanical and durability properties when these characteristics were achieved at a low cost. Test results indicated that the workability of HPCM became less sensitive to sand content when the SF content increased. Statistical analysis showed that the compressive strength of self-consolidating HPCM was not significantly affected by sand content up to a certain maximum level, which was dependent on the HRWRA and SF dosage. On the basis of combined consideration of both workability and compressive strength, the maximum s/cm ratio to produce a self-consolidating HPCM with SF conten...
Mechanism of Dioxygen Addition to Nickel-Bound Thiolates

Monomeric complexes of NiII containing terminal (non-bridged) thiolate sulfur donors are relatively rare.
Auriculotemporal Syndrome (Frey Syndrome)

Frey syndrome is a common sequela of parotidectomy, and although it is not frequently manifested clinically, it can cause significant morbidity for those affected. Frey syndrome results from synkinetic autonomic reinnervation by transected postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fiber within the parotid gland to the overlying sweat glands of the skin. Many surgical techniques have been proposed to prevent the development of Frey syndrome. For those who develop clinical symptoms of Frey syndrome, objective testing can be performed with a Minor starch-iodine test. Some of the current methods to prevent and treat symptomatic Frey syndrome are reviewed.
Integrated Two-Stage Processing of Microcrystalline Silicon Thin Films on SiO2 and Glass

A novel two-stage low temperature plasma assisted deposition process, which separates interface formation from bulk film growth, was investigated for deposition of in-situ phosphorous doped microcrystalline silicon (µc-Si) thin films on SiO2 and glass substrates. We find that the bulk layer microstructure, as characterized by reflection high energy electron diffraction and Raman scattering spectroscopy, is the same whether or not a buffer layer is used. However, we find significant differences in the room temperature dark conductivity, and the dark conductivity activation energies.
A note on effect of exercise on behaviour and performance of confined swine.

The effects of exercise on food intake, growth rate and behaviour were investigated in two trials with 32 pigs. The exercise took the form of running or walking four times the length of a concrete path twice a day. Food intake and rate of gain in body weight were decreased by exercise; the thickness of back fat was not significantly affected. Exercise increased the amount of time spent resting. It is concluded that exercise does not appear to be a practical method of producing leaner carcasses.
Special surfactants and functional surfactants(XIX)——Performance and application of natural surfactants

Research work progress with respect to natural surfactants was reviewed.Performance of natural surfactants such as phospholipid,sugar surfactants,saponin,steroid and so on was introduced.Their applications in cosmetics,detergent,pharmaceutical,food and other fields were also discussed.The development outlooks of natural surfactants were prospected.
Commentary: "An Evaluation of Universal Grammar and the Phonological Mind"-UG Is Still a Viable Hypothesis.

Everett (2016b) criticizes The Phonological Mind thesis (Berent, 2013a, 2013b) on logical, methodological and empirical grounds. Most of Everett’s concerns are directed towards the hypothesis that the phonological grammar is constrained by universal grammatical (UG) principles. Contrary to Everett’s logical challenges, here I show that the UG hypothesis is readily falsifiable, that universality is not inconsistent with innateness (Everett’s arguments to the contrary are rooted in a basic confusion of the UG phenotype and the genotype), and that its empirical evaluation does not require a full evolutionary account of language. A detailed analysis of one case study, the syllable hierarchy, presents a specific demonstration that people have knowledge of putatively universal principles that are unattested in their language and these principles are most likely linguistic in nature. Whether Universal Grammar exists remains unknown, but Everett’s arguments hardly undermine the viability of this hypothesis.
A Useful and Remunerative Job: The National Labor Relations Act

The NLRA was a first step in a movement from the voluntary cooperation of the NIRA to government regulation of business. This chapter will examine the NLRA with its aim of establishing collective bargaining as a way to provide workers a useful and remunerative job, a key element of a living wage. It will investigate the extent to which a living wage influenced the NLRA, including in the debates in the Congress, and will describe an argument that collective bargaining was the best way to attain a living wage. It will also review business criticisms of the NLRA to highlight how those criticisms overlooked the living wage elements of the NLRA.
Tenure and the Faculty Physician

Academic tenure, introduced by the American Association of University Professors in 1915, is a status that protects employed faculty members from summary dismissal and, thereby, intends to preserve their academic freedom. Initially tied to financial security through salary guarantees, academic tenure has evolved into a concept associated less with monetary support and strict scholarly productivity than at its inception, primarily owing to the growing number of clinician educators with highly competitive salaries at university-affiliated academic health centers. Achievement of tenure continues to require significant additional time and effort, but modifications in the requisite probationary period and the allowance at some institutions of tenure for part-time faculty have offset some costs, while still maintaining leadership opportunities for the individual and academic benefits for both the individual and the institution. How institutions balance their own financial risk and the demands on faculty members is likely to determine the future of tenure.
Sailing through uncertainty.

I hefted the metal storm cover blocking my porthole and squinted into the morning light: nothing but ocean. It was day one of a research expedition in the middle of the South Pacific and my stomach was somersaulting. But it wasn't because of the pitch and roll of the ship—I had better sea legs
Censorship, Condemnations, and the Spread of Cartesianism

Descartes and the Cartesians suffered a series of condemnations aimed at several fundamental propositions of corpuscularianism and mechanism, such as the denial of substantial forms and real qualities. Also condemned was the theory of matter and place: extension as the principal attribute of matter, the indefinite extension of the world, and the impossibility of the void. With these objections, came an increased critique of hyperbolic doubt. The rejection of hyperbolic doubt caused Cartesians no longer to distinguish between the absolutely and the morally certain—between that which we cannot doubt and that about which we have no doubt although we could doubt it—and to treat all principles on a par with one another. As a result, Cartesians became more empirical and pursued aggressively a limited hypothetical-deductive method. For example, Huygens describes a hypothetico-deductive method that ends up with high probability, not absolute or moral certainty; in this, Huygens follows a path taken by closer followers of Descartes. This chapter will investigate such issues and their consequences for Cartesianism in the works of Cartesians such as Du Roure and Cordemoy.
Vermetid gastropods modify physical and chemical conditions above coral–algal interactions

Interaction modifications can arise when a third species alters the physical and chemical environment within which two other species interact. On coral reefs, corals and algae commonly interact amid a suite of other species that may modify their interaction. Massive Porites coral and algal turfs often are covered by mucus nets cast by the vermetid gastropod, Ceraesignum maximum. Previously, vermetid mucus nets have been shown to have deleterious effects on corals. Here, we hypothesized that vermetids not only have direct effects on coral, but they also change the local physical and chemical environment establishing the potential for interaction modifications by intensifying the effects of algae on corals. To test this, we examined the effect of vermetids on physical and chemical aspects of the environments. We quantified light penetration, water flow, diffusive boundary layer (DBL) thickness, and oxygen concentrations in the presence and absence of vermetid nets. Vermetid nets did not affect light levels. Because we observed reduced water flow and increased DBL thickness in the presence of nets, we also expected to observe high oxygen concentration over coral surfaces. Instead, we observed no difference in oxygen concentrations in the presence of mucus nets. To explain the lower than expected oxygen concentrations, we hypothesize that nets decreased photosynthesis and/or increased respiration of corals and algae and their associated microbiota. This is the first study to explore mechanisms underlying the deleterious effects of vermetids on corals, and shows that vermetid mucus nets may modify coral–algal interactions by intensifying physical and chemical conditions.
Micro Screw Fixation for Small Proximal Pole Scaphoid Fractures with Distal Radius Bone Graft

Background Achieving adequate fixation and healing of small proximal pole acute scaphoid fractures can be surgically challenging due to both fragment size and tenuous vascularity. Purpose The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that this injury can be managed successfully with osteosynthesis using a “micro” small diameter compression screw with distal radius bone graft with leading and trailing screw threads less than 2.8 mm. Patients and Methods Patients with proximal pole scaphoid fragments comprising less than 20% of the entire scaphoid were included. Fixation was accomplished from a dorsal approach with a micro headless compression screw and distal radius bone graft. Six patients were included. Average follow-up was 44 months (range, 11–92). Results Mean proximal pole fragment size was 14% (range, 9–18%) of the entire scaphoid. The mean immobilization time was 6 weeks, time-to-union of 6 weeks, and final flexion/extension arc of 88°/87°. All patients had a successful union, and no patient had deterioration in range of motion, avascular necrosis, or fragmentation of the proximal pole. Conclusion Small diameter screws with a maximal thread diameter of ≤ 2.8 mm can be used to fix the union of proximal pole acute scaphoid fractures comprising less than 20% of the total area with good success. Level of Evidence Therapeutic case series, Level IV.
The Development of the Takeover Auction Process: The Evolution of Property Rights in the Modern Wild West

Using unique, hand-collected data, we study the interaction between the legal system and the takeover auction process from 1981 to 2015. We show a structural break in the takeover process in 1989. The strengthening of the property rights of target boards after Time Inc. decision has moved the auction process from public to a behind the scenes process where target boards control both the number of bidders and the flow of information. Target boards are more likely to initiate the auction themselves and the length of the private negotiation process has significantly lengthened. This fundamental change has benefited target shareholders.
Mesohabitat current velocity effects on Didymosphenia geminata and macroinvertebrates in a SE USA hypolimnetic tailwater

The diatom Didymosphenia geminata is known to alter benthic habitat and macroinvertebrate diversity and community structure. Associations between macroinvertebrate communities and D. geminata biomass in riffle and run mesohabitats were investigated in the South Fork Holston River in Tennessee and Virginia, USA. We found that low current velocity, low turbidity, and high dissolved oxygen (DO) were strong predictors of D. geminata mat presence. Didymosphenia geminata ash-free dry mass was significantly higher in run mesohabitats with low current velocity (CV) than in riffle mesohabitats with higher CV. Macroinvertebrate alpha diversity (Shannon Diversity H’) was only marginally significantly different between riffle and runs, while beta diversity (community composition) was highly significantly different between these mesohabitats. NMDS analyses found that D. geminata was a relatively unimportant predictor of changes in community structure relative to specific conductance, CV, DO, and turbidity. However, effects of D. geminata on macroinvertebrates appear to be very taxon specific with effects on individual taxa potentially masked by tailwater effects on general macroinvertebrate diversity in global analyses. We observed that taxon-specific effects include, but are not limited to, (1) reduction of bryophyte microhabitat utilized by dominant ephemeropterans, trichopterans, amphipods, coleopterans, and some chironomid genera in run mesohabitats from competition with D. geminata for substrate attachment space; and (2) differences in utilization of D. geminata mat biomass as a food resource and microhabitat for chironomids. Our insights into taxon-specific effects of D. geminata on macroinvertebrates open up multiple avenues for experimentation in which to validate our observational findings.
Muslim AmeRícans: Puerto Rican Muslims in the USA and the Need for More Cosmopolitan Frames of Analysis in the Study of Islam and Muslim Communities in the Americas

This article seeks to contribute to the study of Islam and Muslims in Latin America and the Caribbean by considering broader geographies in the Americas and viewing these communitiesin light of hemispheric dynamics of movement, encounter, interaction, and exchange. This article seeks to do so in two distinct ways: first, by presenting the narratives of Puerto Rican Muslims’ everyday cosmopolitan lives in the USA in the context of movement, migration, transnational connection, and solidarity between and across borders and boundaries in the Americas; second, by suggesting that telling such transnational tales not only expands our view of what it means to be Muslim in the Americas, but also that it helps broaden our understanding of what it means to be Muslim in a cosmopolitan age. To do so, this chapter highlights four different narratives from among Puerto Rican Muslims in the USA as a way to situate their significance in the narrative of Islam and Muslim communities in the Americas as a whole: first, that of Youssef Ali Abdullah in Staten Island; second, Danny Khalil “al-Portorikani” in Yonkers; third, the impact of Hurricane Maria in 2017 on the Puerto Rican Muslim community in the New York and New Jersey area as a whole; and fourth, through the story of the founding of Alianza Islamica in Spanish Harlem in the 1980s. These narratives were sourced during my fieldwork in New York City in summer 2016 and fall 2017 and as part of a broader ethnographic research project with Puerto Rican Muslims in the USA, in Puerto Rico, and online.
High performance solid and liquid lubricants: An industrial guide

This handbook is intended to provide a ready reference for many of the solid and liquid lubricants used in the space industry. Lubricants and lubricant properties are arranged systematically so that designers, engineers, and maintenance personnel can conveniently locate data needed for their work. This handbook is divided into two major parts (A and B). Part A is a compilation of solid lubricant suppliers information on chemical and physical property of data of more than 250 solid lubricants, bonded solid lubricants, dispersions, and composites. Part B is a compilation of chemical and physical property data of more than 250 liquid lubricants, greases, oils, compounds, and fluids. The listed materials cover a broad spectrum from manufacturing and ground support to hardware applications of spacecraft.
Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Rehabilitation, and Plasticity Following Traumatic Injury

The musculoskeletal system has an integral role throughout life, including structural support to the body, protection, and allowing a range of fine to complex movements for daily living to elite sporting events. At various times, injuries to the musculoskeletal system occur resulting in varying levels of impact to the person both acutely and chronically. Specifically, there is a spectrum of complexity in orthopedic injuries, with some such as common muscle strains, that while burdensome will have no impact on life-long functional ability, and others that can result in long lasting disability. Focusing on extremity injuries, this review highlights: i)the current impact of orthopedic injuries in sport and daily life; ii) the foundation of bone and skeletal muscle repair and regeneration; and iii) the disruptions in regenerative healing due to traumatic orthopedic injuries. This review seeks to maximize the broad and collective research impact on sport and traumatic orthopedic injuries in search of promoting ongoing innovation for treatment and rehabilitation approaches aimed to improve musculoskeletal health throughout life.
Empowering Nurses to Engage With Transplant Quality Data and Outcomes.

Background:Understanding patient outcome data and quality improvement metrics can help the health-care team target interventions to improve patient care and guide practice. Challenges to understand...
Understanding the Effects of Perpetrators’ Aggressiveness and Victim-Related Factors on Sexual Revictimization: Stepwise GLM Analysis of the 2010 NISVS:

Studies on sexual revictimization have employed two distinct approaches: perpetrator-oriented and victim-oriented approaches. Although the former posits that sexual revictimization is associated wi...
Characterization and comparison of imaging contrast enhancement with PEG-functionalized gold nanoparticles in kV cone beam computed tomography and computed tomography imaging.

The purpose of this study is to define a simplified method to accurately predict and characterize kV cone beam computed tomography (kV CBCT) and computed tomography (CT) image contrast enhancement from gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Parameters of the kV CBCT of a Varian Novalis Tx linear accelerator and of a GE LightSpeed 4 Big Bore CT machine were modeled using the MCNP 6.2 Monte Carlo code. A 0.25 x 0.25 cm2 source, defined with a 100 kVp energy spectrum with appropriate filtration, was implemented in the MCNP6.2 model for kV CBCT, which also contained x- and y-blades and a full bowtie filter. A 1 cm3 cube of GNP solution (modeled as a mass percentage of gold in water) was placed 100 cm below the source. For the CT-simulator model, a source was defined with energy spectra for 80 and 140 kVp X‐rays with appropriate filtration and angular spectrum. A 1 cm3 GNP solution was modeled as before and a detector was placed 40 cm below that. Attenuation coefficients of four GNP solutions were computed and Hounsfield unit (HU) values were calculated. The computed HU values were compared against experimentally measured values obtained by scanning batches of GNPs of various sizes and concentrations using a GE LightSpeed 4 Big Bore CT scanner at 80 kVp and 140 kVp energies, as well as the kV CBCT capability of a Varian Novalis Tx linear accelerator. HU analysis was carried out using Velocity Medical Solutions clinical CT image analysis software. The MCNP calculated HU values matched the measured values to within ± 5%. Image contrast enhancement analysis showed a total increase in HU of up to 223. The sample having the highest gold mass percentage tested showed the greatest increase in HU number compared to water.
Contract Human Capital HR Architecture: A Framework for Managing Talent in the Gig Economy

We are witnessing a structural transformation of the 21st century economy due to disruptive technologies, global competition, changing demographics, and political uncertainties. As a result, organi...
Engendering Global Capital: How Homoerotic Triangles Facilitate Foreign Investments into Risky Markets:

Engaging with the work of C. Wright Mills and Eve Sedgwick, in this article I theorize how homoerotic relations facilitate the flow of global capital into risky market economies. Drawing on intervi...