cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Netherton syndrome: A case report and review of the literature

Netherton syndrome is a rare disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern consisting of ichthyosiform dermatosis, hair shaft abnormalities (trichorrhexis invaginata), and an atopic diathesis. Patients with Netherton syndrome have been found to have a mutation on chromosome 5q32 in a gene named SPINK5 (serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type-5), which encodes an inhibitor of serine proteases called LEKTI. We report a female patient with previously undiagnosed Netherton syndrome who presented to participate in a clinical research trial investigating the benefit of topical tacrolimus 0.03% ointment [Protopic (Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Japan)] for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. This patient was confirmed to have a gene mutation in SPINK5. Current literature suggests a relative contraindication for use of topical tacrolimus in patients with Netherton syndrome owing to concern for increased systemic absorption of the drug. Our patient was not able to tolerate topical tacrolimus owing to local irritation, and did not derive any benefit from therapy. Though rare, when evaluating patients with a possible diagnosis of atopic dermatitis, an index of suspicion for Netherton Syndrome must be maintained. History and overall clinical findings, especially in regards to examination of the hair, will aid in diagnosis.
A 39-kD DNA-binding Protein from Mouse Brain Stimulates Transcription of Myelin Basic Protein Gene in Oligodendrocytic Cells

The MB1 regulatory sequence of the myelin basic protein (MBP) gene spanning between nucleotides -14 to -50 with respect to the transcription start site is critical for cell type-specific transcription of the MBP gene, which encodes the major protein component of myelin sheath in cells derived from the central nervous system (CNS). This regulatory sequence has the ability to interact with a developmentally controlled DNA-binding protein from mouse brain that stimulates transcription of MBP promoter in an in vitro system (Haas, S., J. Gordon, and K. Khalili. 1993. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:3103-3112). Here, we report the purification of a 39-kD protein from mouse brain tissue at the peak of myelination and MBP production that binds to the MB1 regulatory motif. Following partial amino acid sequence analysis, we have identified a complementary DNA encoding a 39-kD DNA-binding protein called pur alpha. Expression of pur alpha cDNA in the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells resulted in the synthesis of a protein with characteristics similar to the purified brain-derived 39-kD protein in band shift competition assays. Cotransfection of the recombinant pur alpha expressor plasmid with MBP promoter construct indicated that Pur alpha stimulates transcription of the MBP promoter in oligodendrocytic cells, and that the nucleotide sequence required for binding of the 39-kD Pur alpha to DNA within the MB1 region is crucial for this activity. Moreover, transient expression of Pur alpha caused elevation in the level of endogenous MBP RNA in oligodendrocytic cells. Thus, Pur alpha, a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein upon binding to MB1 regulatory region may play a significant role in determining the cell type-specific expression of MBP in brain.
The Effect of Chronic Dietary Acidification Using Ammonium Chloride on Acid-Base and Mineral Metabolism in the Adult Cat

Adult cats with normal renal function were fed a nutritionally balanced, vitamin A-replete, experimental dry diet with or without ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) for 6 mo to study the effects of chronic dietary acidification on acid-base parameters and the metabolism of selected minerals. Dietary balance studies were performed monthly. Blood and urine samples were collected monthly to evaluate acid-base parameters, plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1.25-dihydroxycholecalciferol levels. Ammonium chloride-treated cats had significantly lower blood and urinary pH, and lower blood bicarbonate concentrations. Treated cats also had higher blood ionized calcium concentrations, hypercalciuria and lower intestinal calcium absorption relative to baseline (prior to feeding the experimental diet) and to control cats. This resulted in the development of lower calcium balance in the first several months. PTH levels were unaffected by dietary acidification; however, 1.25-dihydroxycholecalciferol levels were significantly decreased in treated cats. Treated cats had negative potassium balance during 5 mo of dietary acidification. Magnesium, sodium, and phosphorus balances were lower, but positive, in treated cats compared to control cats. Cats consuming the NH4Cl-supplemented diet had increased chloride balance. Thus, chronic dietary acidification with 1.5% NH4Cl produced chronic metabolic acidosis and lower or negative, calcium and potassium balance.
A general formulation of the weighted smoothing functional for regularized image restoration

Proposes a general form of the weighted smoothing functional for regularized image restoration. The weighting matrices which introduce the spatial adaptivity are defined as a function of the (partially) restored image. As a result no prior knowledge about the image is required but the smoothing functional to be minimized is nonlinear with respect to the unknown image. Conditions for the convexity of the functional are established. An iterative algorithm is proposed for obtaining its minimum. Sufficient conditions for the convergence of the algorithm are established. Various forms of the weighting matrices are proposed. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. >
Perceived Ethicality of Insurance Claim Fraud: Do Higher Deductibles Lead to Lower Ethical Standards?

Insurance claim fraud costs insurance companies, policymakers, and taxpayers billions of dollars every year and has been described as the second largest white collar crime. The most common insurance fraud activity and one that contributes a significant portion of dollar losses is the practice of padding claim amounts in the event of a loss. One of the largest issues insurance companies face is that policyholders often do not perceive insurance claim padding as an unethical behavior. However, very little research has examined the factors that contribute to such perceptions. Considering how consumers often attempt to justify fraudulent behavior from a fairness perspective, the present work examines how the amount of the deductible in an insurance claim situation can influence feelings of fairness and ethicality. The results of an experimental study show that higher deductible amounts result in stronger perceptions that insurance claim padding is fair to the insurance company, weaker perceptions that the behavior is unethical, and higher proposed claim award amounts. The study also shows, however, that the deductible amount effects are attenuated for consumers who display higher ethical standards as reflected by their scores on the consumer ethics scale. Implications are discussed with respect to the insurance industry, deviant consumer behavior, and general business ethics theory.
Ensemble–Based data assimilation for atmospheric chemical transport models

The task of providing an optimal analysis of the state of the atmosphere requires the development of dynamic data-driven systems (d3as) that efficiently integrate the observational data and the models. In this paper we discuss fundamental aspects of nonlinear ensemble data assimilation applied to atmospheric chemical transport models. We formulate autoregressive models for the background errors and show how these models are capable of capturing flow dependent correlations. Total energy singular vectors describe the directions of maximum errors growth and are used to initialize the ensembles. We highlight the challenges encountered in the computation of singular vectors in the presence of stiff chemistry and propose solutions to overcome them. Results for a large scale simulation of air pollution in East Asia illustrate the potential of nonlinear ensemble techniques to assimilate chemical observations.
Human Herpesviridae Methods of Natural Killer Cell Evasion

Human herpesviruses cause diseases of considerable morbidity and mortality, ranging from encephalitis to hematologic malignancies. As evidence emerges about the role of innate immunity and natural killer (NK) cells in the control of herpesvirus infection, evidence of viral methods of innate immune evasion grows as well. These methods include interference with the ligands on infected cell surfaces that bind NK cell activating or inhibitory receptors. This paper summarizes the most extensively studied NK cell receptor/ligand pairs and then describes the methods of NK cell evasion used by all eight herpesviruses through these receptors and ligands. Although great strides have been made in elucidating their mechanisms, there is still a disparity between viruses in the amount of knowledge regarding innate immune evasion. Further research of herpesvirus innate immune evasion can provide insight for circumventing viral mechanisms in future therapies.
Full-Length Myosin VI Dimerizes and Moves Processively along Actin Filaments upon Monomer Clustering

Summary Myosin VI is a reverse direction actin-based motor capable of taking large steps (30–36 nm) when dimerized. However, all dimeric myosin VI molecules so far examined have included nonnative coiled-coil sequences, and reports on full-length myosin VI have failed to demonstrate the existence of dimers. Herein, we demonstrate that full-length myosin VI is capable of forming stable, processive dimers when monomers are clustered, which move up to 1–2 μm in ∼30 nm, hand-over-hand steps. Furthermore, we present data consistent with the monomers being prevented from dimerizing unless they are held in close proximity and that dimerization is somewhat inhibited by the cargo binding tail. A model thus emerges that cargo binding likely clusters and initiates dimerization of full-length myosin VI molecules. Although this mechanism has not been previously described for members of the myosin superfamily, it is somewhat analogous to the proposed mechanism of dimerization for the kinesin Unc104 .
Tobacco use and readiness to quit smoking in low-income HIV-infected persons.

The study aim was to identify covariates of smoking status and readiness to quit that encompassed key sociodemographic and health status variables, health-related quality of life, drug use and unprotected sex, and tobacco use variables in a cohort of low-income persons living with HIV. We also examined the impact of HIV diagnosis on smoking cessation. The sample (N5428) was mostly male (59%) and Black (53%) or Hispanic (30%), and had a high school education or less (87%). Mean age was 40 years. Two-thirds of participants were current smokers, 19% former smokers, and 16% never smokers. Current smokers smoked a mean of 16 cigarettes/day for 22 years; 42% were in the precontemplation stage of readiness to quit smoking, 40% were contemplators, and 18% were in preparation. Most current smokers (81%) reported receiving medical advice to quit smoking. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that current smokers, compared with former smokers, were more likely to use illicit drugs, perceive a lower health risk for continued smoking, and report less pain. Current smokers, compared with nonsmokers (former and never smokers), were more likely to report greater illicit drug use in their lifetime, current illicit drug use, and less pain. A multiple linear regression indicated that greater current illicit drug use, greater emotional distress, and a lower number of quit attempts were associated with lower stage of readiness to quit smoking. These findings confirm a high prevalence of smoking among HIV-infected persons and suggest a complex interplay among drug use, pain, and emotional distress that impact smoking status and, among smokers, readiness to quit. Tobacco control programs for HIV-infected persons should build motivation to quit smoking and address salient barriers to cessation—such as comorbid drug use, emotional distress, pain, and access to and coverage for treatment—and should educate smokers regarding the HIV-specific health benefits of cessation.
The L4 22-Kilodalton Protein Plays a Role in Packaging of the Adenovirus Genome

Packaging of the adenovirus (Ad) genome into a capsid is absolutely dependent upon the presence of a cis-acting region located at the left end of the genome referred to as the packaging domain. The functionally significant sequences within this domain consist of at least seven similar repeats, referred to as the A repeats, which have the consensus sequence 5′ TTTG-N8-CG 3′. In vitro and in vivo binding studies have demonstrated that the adenovirus protein IVa2 binds to the CG motif of the packaging sequences. In conjunction with IVa2, another virus-specific protein binds to the TTTG motifs in vitro. The efficient formation of these protein-DNA complexes in vitro was precisely correlated with efficient packaging activity in vivo. We demonstrate that the binding activity to the TTTG packaging sequence motif is the product of the L4 22-kDa open reading frame. Previously, no function had been ascribed to this protein. Truncation of the L4 22-kDa protein in the context of the viral genome did not reduce viral gene expression or viral DNA replication but eliminated the production of infectious virus. We suggest that the L4 22-kDa protein, in conjunction with IVa2, plays a critical role in the recognition of the packaging domain of the Ad genome that leads to viral DNA encapsidation. The L4 22-kDa protein is also involved in recognition of transcription elements of the Ad major late promoter.
Acute Phase Responses to Novel, Investigational Vaccines in Toxicology Studies The Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein and Other Acute Phase Proteins

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of investigational vaccine candidates on acute-phase proteins (APPs) as determined in GLP toxicology studies. Sixty-four GLP toxicity studies, which were submitted to the Food and Drug Administration from 2008 to 2012 in support of proposed clinical investigations, were reviewed and entered into a database. These studies employed the intramuscular route of injection and were conducted using New Zealand White rabbits. A retrospective review of these GLP toxicity studies was conducted to evaluate the changes in plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and albumin as APPs following the administration of various investigational vaccines. The incidence and intensity of responses associated with acute-phase responses both positive and negative were observed to increase in animals when treated with vaccines containing more potent immunological components such as novel adjuvants that activate Toll-like receptors in the investigational vaccine products. Changes in plasma levels of CRP were prominent among these responses and provided a basis to propose a classification scheme of H, M, L, and N responding groups. These changes in plasma proteins reflect an activation of the acute-phase response and indicate increasing levels of systemic inflammation, which potentially may be correlated with important clinical adverse events.
Coupled Shear Wall Analysis by Lagrange Multipliers

A special finite element technique is described which permits interconnection of line elements in flexure and first-order plane stress elements. Continuity of displacements and rotations at the junction of the two types of elements is satisfied by imposing certain constraint conditions through use of Lagrange multipliers. The method can be employed to analyze coupled shear walls as well as frame-shear wall systems. Accuracy is checked by analyzing a coupled shear wall system with three degrees of mesh refinement. Results are further compared with those from a conventional finite element scheme, which idealizes the coupling beams by plane stress elements. The proposed method is shown to be more accurate and more efficient than the conventional method.
Conscious Intravenous Sedation in Dentistry: A Review of Current Therapy

Several sedation options are used to minimize pain, anxiety, and discomfort during oral surgery procedures. Minimizing or eliminating pain and anxiety for dental care is the primary goal for conscious sedation. Intravenous conscious sedation is a drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands. No interventions are required to maintain a patent airway, and spontaneous ventilation is adequate as well as cardiovascular function. Patients must retain their protective airway reflexes, and respond to and understand verbal communication. The drugs and techniques used must therefore carry a broad margin of safety.
A tamper-proof fluid dispenser and drinkometer for monkeys

A fluid dispensing system for primates is described that yields reliable and accurate measures of fluid consumption. Since fluid can be obtained only by licking and not by sucking, the device can be attached to a standard drinkometer sensing circuit.
Performance analysis of optical free-space two-way time-frequency transfer

Optical free-space time-frequency transfer could support precisions and accuracy well beyond microwave-based transfer. We discuss the potential performance and its limitations based on a recent demonstration over a 2-km link that achieved residual instability < 10−18
Colorimetric determination of hydrogen ion concentration by means of a double-wedge comparator

In a former paper2 a method was outlined for determining hydrogen ion concentration colorimetrically without the use of buffer solutions, and data for making such determinations for PH values between 6.7 and 8.1 were given, using phenolsulphonephthalein as an indicator. The method consisted in the partition of a constant amount of indicator solution between pairs of test tubes of equal caliber, one tube of each pair containing 5 c.c. of weak acid, and the other tube 5 c.c. of weak base. When such pairs of tubes are viewed by transmitted light in the comparator of Hurwitz, Meyer and Ostenberg a series of colors is observed covering the range of the indicator, each color corresponding to a definite PH value. A committee of the American Association of Bacteriologists later investigated and reported on the method,1 and published a similar series of hydrogen ion exponents for brom thymol blue. More recently Gillespie2 has extended the method to all of the indicators described by Clark and Lubs,3 determining th...
Identification of Occupational Hazards and Control Measures in A Wood Board Factory

To identify and analyze the potential occupational hazards in a wood board factory,to explore the preventive and control measures.[Methods]On-site occupational health survey and detection of occupational hazards were adopted.[Results]The wood board production process might produce occupational hazards of dust,chemical toxicant,noise;the major occupational hazards in this factory were chemical toxicant(especially formaldehyde),dust,heat and noise.[Conclusion] The prevention and control of occupational diseases in this factory should start from the control of occupational hazards,adopting practical protection facilities and measures,particularly against chemical toxicant(especially formaldehyde),dust,heat and noise.
Diagnosis and Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease

Alcohol is a leading cause of liver disease and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several factors, including the amount and duration of alcohol consumption, affect the development and progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). ALD represents a spectrum of liver pathology ranging from fatty change to fibrosis to cirrhosis. Early diagnosis of ALD is important to encourage alcohol abstinence, minimize the progression of liver fibrosis, and manage cirrhosis-related complications including hepatocellular carcinoma. A number of questionnaires and laboratory tests are available to screen for alcohol intake. Liver biopsy remains the gold-standard diagnostic tool for ALD, but noninvasive accurate alternatives, including a number of biochemical tests as well as liver stiffness measurement, are increasingly being utilized in the evaluation of patients with suspected ALD. The management of ALD depends largely on complete abstinence from alcohol. Supportive care should focus on treating alcohol withdrawal and providing enteral nutrition while managing the complications of liver failure. Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a devastating acute form of ALD that requires early recognition and specialized tertiary medical care. Assessment of AH severity using defined scoring systems is important to allocate resources and initiate appropriate therapy. Corticosteroids or pentoxifylline are commonly used in treating AH but provide a limited survival benefit. Liver transplantation represents the ultimate therapy for patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, with most transplant centers mandating a 6 month period of abstinence from alcohol before listing. Early liver transplantation is also emerging as a therapeutic measure in specifically selected patients with severe AH. A number of novel targeted therapies for ALD are currently being evaluated in clinical trials.
Methods for the recovery of Salmonella spp. from carboxymethylcellulose gum, gum ghatti, and gelatin.

Foods analyzed for Salmonella spp. by the procedure in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual are preenriched at a 1:9 test portion/broth ratio. Various thickening agents preenriched at this ratio become viscous and nonpipettable after 24 h incubation at 35 degrees C. The effects of 3 factors (presence of inorganic salts, adjustment of pH, and presence of enzymes) on the viscosity of the test portion/preenrichment mixtures of various thickening agents during incubation were determined. Reduction of the viscosities of these thickening agents was accomplished as follows: carboxymethylcellulose gum, addition of cellulase to a final concentration of 0.10% in lactose broth preenrichment and incubation with no pH adjustment; gum ghatti, addition of NaCl to a final concentration of 0.10% in lactose broth preerichment and adjustment of the pH to 6.5; and gelatin, addition of papain to a final concentration of 0.10% in lactose broth preenrichment and adjustment of the pH to 6.8. With these modified preenrichments, one Salmonella spp. cell/25 g (representing an approximate most probable number value of 0.04 cell/g) was generally recovered from the thickening agents.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Allene Racemization Catalyzed by a Gold N‑Heterocyclic Carbene Complex

The kinetics of the racemization of 1,3-disubstituted allenes catalyzed by (IPr)AuOTf (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidine) has been investigated. The rate of gold-catalyzed allene racemization obeyed the following second-order rate law: rate = krac[allene][Au]. An analysis of the rate of the gold-catalyzed racemization of 1-aryl-1,2-butadienes as a function of allene electron donor ability established moderate depletion of electron density on the C1 allenyl carbon atom in the rate-limiting transition state for racemization. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the rate of racemization of 1-(p-tolyl)-1,2-butadiene established the activation parameters ΔH⧧ = 8.3 ± 1 kcal mol–1 and ΔS⧧ = −28 ± 4 eu. These observations were in accord with a mechanism for allene racemization involving turnover-limiting, intermolecular allene exchange followed by rapid allene stereomutation.
Tejano South Texas: A Mexican American Cultural Province

* Acknowledgments * Chapter 1. Borderland Culture Region * Chapter 2. Land beyond the Nueces * Chapter 3. Territory Shaped * Chapter 4. Homeland Forged * Chapter 5. Texas Mexican Spaces * Chapter 6. Texas Mexican Small Towns * Chapter 7. Texas Mexican Cities * Chapter 8. Texas Mexican Social Identities * Chapter 9. Tejano Cultural Province * Notes * References * Figure Sources * Index
Multi-imaging modalities of intraosseous schwannoma of the scapula

Joint Bone Spine - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since mercredi 21 septembre 2016
Model-based development of a user control algorithm for postural control via a FES-based standing neuroprosthesis

The goal of this study was to devise an algorithm that would allow the user of a functional electrical stimulation (FES)-based neuroprosthesis to command desired transitions in body center of mass (COM) via smooth changes in lower extremity joint angles. Simulations were performed with a musculoskeletal model modified to reflect an individual with thoracic spinal cord injury, as well as the use of a 16 channel FES system. These simulations indicated useful subsets of 16 muscles, and a set of four polynomial surfaces were fit through the space relating COMx, COMy, and each of the four lower extremity joint angles studied. These polynomial surfaces provided a robust method for selecting a particular, smooth trajectory through this space. These results indicate that a 16-channel FES system should be capable of allowing users to shift postures over a significant fraction of the forward-backward range used by able-bodied individuals during typical activities.
Integrating FIRST robotics program with university curriculum

FIRST Robotics is a growing program that links high schools, universities, industry, and communities in a unique multi-faceted environment. The program seeks to address the deficiency in science and engineering programs in grade school education by setting up a mentorship system in which high school students are challenged to design and build a robot in six weeks. The emphasis on robotics in the activity title of the program is often misleading, as it does not reflect the complex interdisciplinary environment in which students develop. This article seeks to dispel frequently encountered preconceived misconceptions and to highlight the large-scale and cross-disciplinary aspects of a typical participating team. The integration of goals of this program into a two-quarter university-level senior capstone design sequence is discussed.
The globalmindedness of graduating seniors by gender and ethnicity in six North Florida public high schools

Abstract In this study, we examined gender and ethnicity differences in globalmindedness among graduating seniors in six North Florida public high schools. Using a mixed method design, we administered 1096 globalmindedness surveys and conducted 59 one-on-one interviews measuring the five globalmindedness dimensions of responsibility, interconnectedness, globalcentrism, cultural pluralism, and efficacy. Females scored significantly higher on all five dimensions of globalmindedness than their male counterparts on the globalmindedness survey; however, the interview results revealed a higher level of globalmindedness among females only on the dimensions of responsibility and efficacy. African-American students possessed a higher level of globalmindedness in the dimensions of efficacy and interconnectedness than their European-American counterparts in both the survey and interview data. The interview results also revealed a higher level of globalmindedness among African-American students in the dimensions of responsibility and cultural pluralism, a difference not seen in the survey data. We discuss the need for further globalmindedness research with graduating high school students, with special attention to the dimensions of globalmindedness that did not align in the survey and interview data. The implications of the findings for educators seeking to teach from a global perspective are addressed.
Severe Maternal Morbidity at Delivery and Risk of Hospital Encounters Within 6 Weeks and 1 Year Postpartum.

Abstract Background: Little is known about the impact of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) after delivery. We examined the risk of rehospitalization in the first year postpartum among deliveries to women with and without SMM. Materials and Methods: We used the Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal data system, in which vital birth/fetal death records were linked with hospital delivery discharge data and subsequent nondelivery hospitalization data, including observational stays (OSs) and in-patient stays (hospital discharge [HD]) for Massachusetts residents during 2002–2011. We excluded deliveries to women with preexisting chronic conditions: hypertension, diabetes, asthma, and autoimmune conditions for a final sample of 685,228 deliveries. Multivariable log binomial regression with generalized estimating equations modeled the relative risk (RR) of hospital encounters 6 weeks and 1 year postpartum. Results: The rate of SMM was 99 per 10,000 deliveries. In the first year postpartum, 2.8% of deliveries to women...
The extroverted African novel and literary publishing in the twenty-first century

This essay revisits Eileen Julien's seminal essay, ‘The Extroverted African Novel’ (2006), by way of twenty-first-century fiction by Nigerian writers. Since 2006, new Nigerian publishers have been ...
LOPERAMIDE INDUCED BRUGADA PATTERN

Drug-induced Brugada pattern is a rare occurrence. Loperamide is an μ-opioid receptor agonist used to treat diarrhea that has been described to induce cardiac arrhtyhmias. It has been documented to cause QT prolongation and Torsades de Pointes through its effect on potassium channel. A 48-year-old
Conflict in Independent Catholic Schools

Independent Catholic schools are a growing phenomenon in the Catholic Church in America. This article provides a contextualized account of the phenomenon by examining via a field observation the experience of two independent Catholic schools in two different dioceses. These schools were founded in conflict and beset by continued conflict to the point of splitting; first from the diocese, then again with themselves. An environment of religious conflict motivated laity to open their own schools to socialize their children into a traditional notion of the Catholic faith. In both independent schools examined, conflict about governance, between founding parents and new stakeholders who joined the schools, led to each of the schools splitting; thus, the two became four. Each of the new breakaway schools was structured and governed much like the original schools, albeit with some increased openness to parental input. Second generation breakaway splits further complicated the relationship between these schools and their dioceses. While the limited sample prohibits highly generalizable data, the account suggests some preliminary conclusions about trends witnessed in the experience of these schools and suggests lines for further inquiry in this relatively unexamined phenomenon.
The Alien Past: Consumer Culture in Historical Perspective

The profound transformations in everyday life that have accompanied the advent of a global consumer culture have rendered the past as alien; our own ancestors occupied a realm as foreign as those we encounter when we travel. As virtually everything has become a commodity, modern values – labor-saving, convenience, cleanliness, fashion, and newness itself – have become primary considerations for purchasing. Those values were transmitted in the initial advertising for mass-produced consumer goods. They contributed to the altered relationships with our bodies and with the material world that accompanied the shift from production-driven to consumption-driven cultures. Historicizing these issues – understanding and embracing the concept of change over time – fosters the development of a critical perspective. That perspective is intrinsically complicated, since describing change in these arenas requires acknowledging that new ways have always coexisted with old.
Characteristics of mean flow and turbulence in bubble-in-chain induced flows

Mean flow and turbulence in bubble-in-chain induced flows are experimentally observed at various release frequencies and flow rates. We find that horizontal water velocity profiles collapse to a universal Gaussian distribution and one-dimensional velocity spectra to a consistent slope of \ensuremath{-}3.
Overcoming cisplatin resistance in lung cancer by inhibiting mTOR

1498 Cisplatin resistance is usually complex and involves several mechanisms. Employing gene array analysis in a variety of cisplatin resistant cell lines, we found that they share the common characteristics of increase in ribosomal proteins and in elongation factors. We hypothesize that in order to survive cisplatin treatment, tumor cells have to turn on the protein synthesis machinery to make DNA repair proteins, antiapoptotic and growth survival proteins which account for their common feature of increased ribosomal proteins and elongation factors. To overcome this complex resistance, we have used mTOR inhibitor (CCI-779, known to inhibit ribosomal biogenesis, elongation factor and other 5’CAP mRNAs) in 4 cisplatin resistant lung cancer cell lines and in 3 de-novo cisplatin resistant cell lines derived from lung cancer patients who failed cisplatin. Indeed, our results demonstrated that after adding 10 ng/ml of CCI-779 (10% growth inhibitory dose), the ID50 of cisplatin decreased by 5-6 fold in 6 cell lines. Only one cisplatin resistant cell line did not respond to the reversal effect of CCI-779 (ID50 decreased by 1.7 fold). This resistant cell line and its parental line also were also relatively resistant to CCI-779 with the ID50 of 8-9 ug/ml. Furthermore, after adding CCI-779 to cisplatin, these resistant cells also undergo apoptosis. In contrast, this potentiation effect is not seen in their parental lines (the ID50 decreased only by 1-2 fold). Biochemical studies showed that after adding CCI-779, the amount of elongation factor is much less. 4E-BP phosphorylation (at Thr 70) as well as phospho P70S6kinase (at Thr 389) were also much less when compared with cisplatin alone. In contrast, in parental cells, the phosphorylation of 4E-BP was already decreased after cisplatin and only slightly decreased after CCI-779 which may explain why CCI-779 has less potentiation with cisplatin in parental cells. In addition, hTERT which is higher in cisplatin resistant cells, also decreased after adding CCI-779. Interestingly, gene specific array data obtained from this panel of cell lines demonstrated that the cell line which is relatively resistant to the reversal effect of CCI-779 has much less AKT1, AKT2, PDK1and PDK2. These results suggest that AKT signaling may be important in determining mTOR sensitivity and its ability to reverse cisplatin resistance. Overall, we conclude that mTOR inhibitor can restore cisplatin sensitivity in cisplatin resistant lung cancer cell lines. This drug combination should be further explored for future clinical use. Supported by VA research fund
SCHOLARS AS GLOBAL CHANGE AGENTS: TOWARD THE IDEA OF INTERDISCIPLINARY CRITICAL SPACES IN HIGHER EDUCATION

This paper explores the idea of a formalized “critical space” in higher education, using elements of Habermas’s theory of communicative action and ideas from Barnett, Englund, and Marginson. Inquir...
Editorial Commentary: Degenerative Meniscal Tear: Sojourn to the Oracle

Degenerative meniscal tears are prevalent and give rise to more than 400,000 arthroscopic partial meniscectomies annually in the United States. These lesions often occur in the setting of knee osteoarthritis and are generally regarded as a component of the tissue damage (to cartilage, meniscus, bone, synovium among others) that comprises osteoarthritis. A wide array of clinicians, ranging from orthopaedic surgeons to general practitioners, regularly encounter symptomatic degenerative meniscal tears, especially among patients with knee osteoarthritis. Clinical evidence suggests that initial treatment for these injuries should be nonoperative, with arthroscopic partial meniscectomy reserved for those whose pain persists despite physical therapy.
Emergent Places in Preservice Art Teaching: Lived Curriculum, Relationality, and Embodied Knowledge.

This article explores how student teaching experiences provoke preservice art teachers to rethink curriculum and pedagogy as an organic and living space that is connected to place, community, and local knowledge. Based on a larger qualitative study of urban preservice art education student teachers, the journeys of two student teachers are highlighted as case studies. By investigating information collected through student teacher interviews, classroom observations, and video elicitations, these cases exemplify how student art teachers embark on a journey that facilitates becoming a teacher through emergent and responsive curriculum that integrates art, materiality, and place. We highlight the importance of conceptualizing preservice teaching as an embodied and relational way of knowing, as well as the important role that place, as a focus of curriculum, might have for effective and meaningful field experiences. Implications are discussed in terms of preservice teacher education, urban teaching, and curric...
Outcomes Associated With Resuming Direct Oral Anticoagulant Therapy Following Admission for a Gastrointestinal Bleed.

Background:Although direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) carry a lower bleeding risk compared with warfarin, gastrointestinal bleeds (GIB) are a known complication. There are limited data observing o...
Mechanical memory in cells emerges from mechanotransduction with transcriptional feedback and epigenetic plasticity

Emerging evidence shows that cells are able to sense and store a memory of their past mechanical environment. Since existing mechanotransduction models are based on adhesion and cytoskeletal dynamics that occurs over seconds and minutes, they do not capture memory observed over days or weeks. We postulate that transcriptional activity and epigenetic plasticity, upstream of adhesion-based signaling, need to be invoked to explain long-term mechanical memory. Here, we present a theory for mechanical memory in cells governed by three key components. First, cells on a stiff matrix are primed by a transcriptional reinforcement of cytoskeletal signaling. Second, longer stiff-priming progressively produces more memory-regulating factors and reduces epigenetic plasticity. Third, when stiff-primed cells move to soft matrix, the reduced epigenetic plasticity blocks new transcription required for cellular adaptation to the new matrix. This stalled transcriptional state gives rise to memory. We validate this model against previous experimental findings of memory storage and decay in epithelial cells migration and stem cell differentiation. We also predict wide-ranging memory responses for cells with varying protein kinetics and priming durations. This theoretical framework for mechanical memory expands the timescales of mechanotransduction captured by conventional models by integrating cytoskeletal signaling with transcriptional activity and epigenetic plasticity. Our model predictions explain mechanical memory and propose new experiments to test spatiotemporal regulation of cellular memory in diverse contexts ranging from cell differentiation to migration and growth.
A Resident-Led QI Initiative to Improve Pediatric Emergency Department Boarding Times

BACKGROUND: Pediatric emergency department (PED) overcrowding and prolonged boarding times (admission order to PED departure) decrease quality of care. Timely transfer of patients from the PED to inpatient units is a key driver that relieves overcrowding. In 2015, PED boarding time at our hospital was 10% longer than the national benchmark. We described a resident-led quality-improvement initiative to decrease PED mean boarding times by 10% (from 173 to 156 minutes) within 6 months among general pediatric admissions. METHODS: We applied Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology. PDSA 1 (October 2016) interventions were bundled to include streamlined mobile communications, biweekly educational presentations, and reminder signs. PDSA 2 (August 2017) provided alternative workflows for senior residents. Outcomes were mean PED boarding times for general pediatrics admissions. The proportion of PICU transfers within 12 hours of admission served as a balancing measure. Statistical process control charts were used to analyze boarding times and PICU transfer rates. RESULTS: Leading up to PDSA 1, monthly mean boarding times decreased from 173 to 145 minutes and were sustained throughout the study period and up to 1 year after study completion. The X-bar chart demonstrated a shift with 57 consecutive months of mean boarding times below the preintervention mean. There were no changes in PICU transfer rates within 12 hours of admission. CONCULSIONS: Resident-led quality improvement efforts, including education and streamlined workflow, significantly improved PED boarding time without causing harm to patients.
PRE herbicides influence critical time of weed removal in glyphosate-resistant corn

Residual herbicides applied PRE provide early season weed control, potentially avoid the need for multiple POST herbicides, and can provide additional control of herbicide-resistant weeds. Thus, field studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 at Concord, NE, to evaluate the influence of PRE herbicides on critical time for postemergence weed removal (CTWR) in corn. The studies were arranged in a split-plot design that consisted of three herbicide regimes as main plot treatments and seven weed removal timings as subplot treatments in four replications. The herbicide regimes included no PRE herbicide, atrazine, and a premix of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P mixed with pyroxasulfone. The weed removal timings were at V3, V6, V9, V12, and V15 corn growth stages and then plots were kept weed-free until harvest. A weed-free and nontreated control were included for comparison. The relationship between corn growth or yield, and weed removal timings in growing degree days (GDD) was described by a four-parameter log-logistic model. This model was used to estimate the critical time for weed removal based on 5% crop yield loss threshold. A delay in weed removal until the V2 to V3 corn growth stage (91 to 126 GDD) reduced corn biomass by 5% without PRE herbicide application. The CTWR started at V3 without PRE herbicide in both years. Atrazine delayed the CTWR up to V5 in both years, whereas saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P plus pyroxasulfone further delayed the CTWR up to the V10 and V8 corn growth stages in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Herbicide applied PRE particularly with multiple sites of action can delay the CTWR in corn up to a maximum growth stage of V10, and delay or reduce the need for POST weed management.Nomenclature: Atrazine, dimethenamid-P; glyphosate; pyroxasulfone; saflufenacil; corn, Zea mays L.
The antiquark polarization inside the proton is small

Abstract Quark contributions to the proton spin as deduced from polarized DIS of leptons off a nucleon target, and the octet baryon magnetic moments, can be used to deduce the antiquark polarizations Δ q inside the proton. In this way the 1992 analysis by Karl is shown to imply Δ q ⋍ 0 . Such a spin structure fits nicely into the chiral quark interpretation of the proton spin and flavor puzzles.
Irreconcilable Differences: The Ninth Circuit's ConflictingCase Law Regarding Mutually Exclusive Defenses of Criminal Codefendants

“In this case, we are concerned with the specific prejudice that results when defendants become weapons against each other, clawing into each other with antagonistic defenses. Like the wretches in Dante’s hell, they may become entangled and ultimately fuse together in the eyes of the jury, so that neither defense is believed and all defendants are convicted. Under such circumstances, the trial judge abuses its discretion in failing to sever the trials of the co-defendants.”
Bootstrap aggregation for model selection in the model-free formalism

Abstract. The ability to make robust inferences about the dynamics of biological macromolecules using NMR spectroscopy depends heavily on the application of appropriate theoretical models for nuclear spin relaxation. Data analysis for NMR laboratory-frame relaxation experiments typically involves selecting one of several model-free spectral density functions using a bias-corrected fitness test. Here, advances in statistical model selection theory, termed bootstrap aggregation or bagging, are applied to 15N spin relaxation data, developing a multimodel inference solution to the model-free selection problem. The approach is illustrated using data sets recorded at four static magnetic fields for the bZip domain of the S. cerevisiae transcription factor GCN4.
Re-thinking Clinical Mastitis Therapy

The course of treatment for clinical mastitis varies greatly from farm to farm. In most large herds (500 cows or greater), a cow is separated from the production herd when clinical mastitis is detected by abnormal milk. Abnormal milk is an indication of a problem that can occur with or without swelling and fever. When clinical mastitis is brought to the attention of the herdsman, he must make the decision to move the cow and start treatment. Unfortunately, this is often the point where treatment decisions are based on experience and opinions, rather than good scientific guidelines and protocols. In order to implement an effective clinical protocol, it is useful to determine the cause of infection and implement a treatment protocol that is specific for that type of infection. A good treatment protocol can reduce antibiotic use with fewer days of unsaleable milk.
Does the expansion of higher education reduce gender gaps in the labor market? Evidence from a natural experiment

Abstract In 2005 Chilean congress approved a bill that established a new funding tool for higher education funding through a "private system" of student loans (named CAE). The system aimed to support higher education inclusion among students with academic merits overcoming the lack of resources for ensuring access. Politicians have referred to this reform in higher education funding as a critical factor for expanding higher education enrollment. By its immediate results, it is a great strategy to cope with inequality and social mobility issues. However, there is little empirical evidence about labor market variables' overall effects, such as gender discrimination. This work attempts to estimate the new instrument's impact on the three standard measures of gender labor discrimination: labor participation, the gender wage gap, and the glass ceiling. The empirical strategy uses a difference-in-difference approach to provide estimates. The results indicate that the CAE policy changed women's labor market participation and contributed to close the gender pay gap in the labor market. However, the glass ceiling increased in the entire labor market, but not in the white-collar job market in specific.
Images of the urban religious landscape: Gen Z seek out the sacred in the city

In spite of growing attention among geographers to the diversity of religious spaces, young adults’ perceptions of such sites and their relevance in contemporary society remain relatively under-res...