cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Parental Reaction to Sexual Orientation on Depressive Symptoms and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Hispanic Men Who Have Sex with Men.

ABSTRACT PURPOSE This study examined the relationship of parent reaction to sexual orientation with depressive symptoms and safer sex among Hispanic adult men who have sex with men (MSM). We also examined men's acculturation to the U.S. ( Americanism ) in relation with these variables. METHOD Cross-sectional data collected from July 2011 to December 2012, from 125 MSM with a mean age of 43.02 years. Instruments included the Perceived Parent Reaction Scale, the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Safer Sex Behavior Questionnaire and the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale. Data was analyzed using Hierarchical generalized linear models (GZLM). RESULTS Among men whose parents knew of their sexual orientation, rejection of son's sexual orientation from mother ( p = 0.032) and from father ( p = 0.004) was related to higher number of depressive symptoms. Parent reactions were not directly related to safer sex behaviors. Americanism was associated with lower depressive symptoms ( p = 0.001) but was not related to safer sex behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Current parent attitudes about their sons' sexual orientation had an effect on the sons' emotional wellbeing and acculturation may play a protective role. Mental health and primary care clinicians working with Hispanic MSM should assess for level of family support and provide resources to assist with disclosure and family acceptance of sexual orientation as indicated, particularly among recently immigrated men who may be at higher risk.
Computational Modeling of Biomolecule Sensing with a Solid-State Membrane

In this work, we theoretically study the interaction between a solid-state membrane equipped with a nanopore and a tethered, negatively charged polymer chain subjected to a time-dependent applied electrolyte bias. In order to describe the movement of the chain in the biomolecule-membrane system immersed in an electrolyte solution, Brownian dynamics is used. We show that we can control the polymer’s equilibrium position with various applied electrolyte biases: for a sufficiently positive bias, the chain extends inside the pore, and the removal of the bias causes the polymer to leave the pore. Corresponding to a driven process, we find that the time it takes for a biomolecular chain to enter and extend into a nanopore in a positive bias almost increases linearly with chain length while the time it takes for a polymer chain to escape the nanopore is mainly governed by diffusion. In addition to attaching the polymer chain to the mouth of the nanopore, the chain is attached to a molecule with a radius larger than that of the nanopore’s, acting as a molecular stop. This allows the polymer to thread the nanopore but not translocate it. In this new system, the chain’s variation of movement was compared to that of the freely translocating polymer chain. The results show the free polymer having greater variation in the radial direction, indicating the restrictions imposed by the molecular stop and bias aid in controlling the position and movement of the polymer chain in the nanopore.
Treatment Patterns, Outcomes, and Patient Satisfaction of Primary Epidermally Limited Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer.

BACKGROUNDEpidermally limited nonmelanoma skin cancer (ELNMSC) (superficial basal cell carcinoma [SBCC] and squamous cell carcinoma in situ [SCCIS]) is common. Data on outcomes and patient satisfaction are lacking.OBJECTIVETo examine treatment efficacy and satisfaction in ELNMSC patients.PATIENTS AN
Global collaborative healthcare: assessing the resource requirements at a leading Academic Medical Center.

Academic Medical Centers (“AMCs”) have served as a hub of the United States (“US”) health system and represented the state-of-the art in American health care for well over a century. Currently, the global healthcare market is both massive and expanding and is being altered by the unprecedented impact of technological advances and globalization. This provides AMCs a platform to enter into trans-national collaborative partnerships with healthcare organizations around the world, thus providing a means to deliver on its promise globally while also expanding and diversifying its resources. A number of leading US AMCs have engaged in global collaborative healthcare, employing different models based on services offered, global distribution, and inclination to assume risk. Engaging in these collaborations requires significant effort from across the health system, and an understanding of the resources required is paramount for effective delivery and to avoid overextension and diversion from the primary mission of these organizations. The goal of this paper is to discuss the role of US AMCs in this current global healthcare landscape and to also investigate our institutional faculty and staff resource requirements to support the operating model. We extracted and retrospectively analyzed data from the JHI Global Services database for a 3-year period (Jan, 2013–Dec, 2015) to determine total utilization (hours and full time equivalent (FTE)), utilization by profession, and clinical and non-clinical areas of expertise. JHI utilized on average 21,940 h annually, or 10.55 FTEs of faculty and staff subject matter experts. The majority of the hours are for work performed by physician faculty members from 23 departments within the School of Medicine, representing 77% percent or on average 16,894 h annually. Clinical and allied health departments had an average annual utilization of 17,642 h or 7.8 FTEs, while non-clinical departments, schools and institutes averaged 4298 h or 1.9 FTEs, representing 80.4% and 19.6% respectively. We found that significant human resources are required within a broad range of AMC subject matter expertise across multiple disciplines, and that with adequate forecasting AMCs can successfully engage in these collaborations while continuing to fulfill their core mission.
Calculation of the VD/VT ratio by the helium washout technique

1. In four normal subjects and 51 patients with chronic bronchitis-emphysema, bronchial asthma and pulmonary fibrosis, the VD/VT ratio was measured by a helium washout technique (w VD/VT) and by the conventional Bohr9s method using the arterial CO2 tension (VD/VT). 2. In 16 patients the w VD/VT ratio was compared with that calculated from Bohr9s equation with the alveolar CO2 tension measured by the rebreathing technique (A VD/VT). 3. It was found that the values for the VD/VT ratio obtained by the helium washout technique were very close to those obtained by the conventional method using the Paco2 or P¯Aco2 values.
An overabundance of black hole X-ray binaries in the Galactic Centre from tidal captures

A large population of X-ray binaries (XRBs) was recently discovered within the central parsec of the Galaxy by Hailey et al. While the presence of compact objects on this scale due to radial mass segregation is, in itself, unsurprising, the fraction of binaries would naively be expected to be small because of how easily primordial binaries are dissociated in the dynamically hot environment of the nuclear star cluster (NSC). We propose that the formation of XRBs in the central parsec is dominated by the tidal capture of stars by black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs). We model the time-dependent radial density profiles of stars and compact objects in the NSC with a Fokker-Planck approach, using the present-day stellar population and rate of in situ massive star (and thus compact object) formation as observational constraints. Of the ~10,000-40,000 BHs that accumulate in the central parsec over the age of the Galaxy, we predict that ~60 - 200 currently exist as BH-XRBs formed from tidal capture, consistent with the population seen by Hailey et al. A somewhat lower number of tidal capture NS-XRBs is also predicted. We also use our observationally calibrated models for the NSC to predict rates of other exotic dynamical processes, such as the tidal disruption of stars by the central supermassive black hole (~0.0001 per year at z=0).
Validity of wrist-worn consumer products to measure heart rate and energy expenditure.

IntroductionThe ability to monitor physical activity throughout the day and during various activities continues to improve with the development of wrist-worn monitors. However, the accuracy of wris...
Acoustics of a Dirty Fermi liquid : 3He in aerogel

An acoustic cavity containing 3He in 98% porous silica aerogel was used to investigate the effects of impurity scattering in a Fermi liquid. The pressure and temperature dependence of the sound attenuation in the normal Fermi liquid was extracted from the cavity response. The attenuation of sound displays behavior very different from the bulk owing to strong elastic scattering of quasi-particles by the silica strands. Using a visco-elastic model of the Fermi liquid, we find a mean free path restricted to ∼340 nm. Information on the sound velocity is inferred from the pressure dependence of the oscillation period of the cavity response. The data can be accounted for by a Biot model of the 3He liquid in the porous aerogel.
The Prevalence of Sexual Perversion

In all likelihood, the true prevalence rate of sexually perverse behavior will never be determined. Nonetheless, the studies now emerging are significantly increasing our understanding of the problem. Certainly, the more “benign” group of sexual perversions (for example, sadomasochistic fantasies experienced by patients who are seen in private practice) will probably never get reported and thus will never be included in statistical tabulations. Even the true extent of serious, sexually perverse acts that constitute sexual crimes perpetrated against victims, can only be estimated roughly, mainly because of gross underreporting and poor documentation. The lack of uniform definitions for such terms as sexual abuse and child molestation further exacerbates attempts to collect accurate data on prevalence.1 Nevertheless, the urgent need to gain information about the true prevalence of sexually criminal behaviors has spurred efforts to collect such data. Despite the many shortcomings of the data available, estimates on prevalence are continually being extrapolated from sources of data that Finkelhor and Lewis2 categorize into three main categories: criminologic, clinical, and survey orientations.
A nonrandomized study on compliance with IDSA guidelines on the choice and dosing of empiric antibiotics for patients with febrile neutropenia after implementation of a new Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE).

48Background: More than 80% of patients with hematologic malignancies and 10-50% of patients with solid tumors are expected to experience fever after one cycle of chemotherapy. Studies have shown all-cause mortality to be 15% higher in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia than comparably matched patients without febrile neutropenia and compliance for choice of empiric antibiotics in febrile neutropenia to be as low as 56%. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who presented with febrile neutropenia to our institution for one year prior to and after implementation of a CPOE set. Data was collected on basic demographics, oncological diagnosis, labs, choice of antibiotics and dosing frequency. Awareness sessions were conducted among admitting staff following the initial retrospective analysis followed by implementation of a CPOE set in order to improve guideline concordant management of febrile neutropenia patients. The IDSA risk was assessed based on the above data and the pre a...
DC-connected Solar Plus Storage Modeling and Analysis for Behind-The-Meter Systems in the System Advisor Model

A detailed model for PV plus DC-connected batteries was developed. This model was compared to an existing ACconnected battery model in the System Advisor Model (SAM) tool using a hypothetical Honolulu residence with a PV plus storage system. The stand-alone PV system was shown to provide the most value; however due to the increased difficulty of PV systems being approved for grid interconnection in Hawaii, it is valuable to install an AC or DC connected battery to enable full PV self-consumption under a less restrictive interconnection option. In that case both battery systems enabled full PV selfconsumption at the residence, requiring no power to be exported to the grid. The DC-connected battery system captured energy from the PV array which would have also been clipped due to inverter limitations. For a PV system with DC/AC ratio of 1.23, the battery configurations produced net-present values within 1% of each other, but when the DC/AC ratio increased to 1.85, the DC-connected system increased the net-present value by 13%.
Human Resource Management for Media and Information Firms

The author discusses the Human Resource Management (HRM) function and its organization, looking first at “hard HRM” (financially oriented HRM by the numbers). This includes finance approaches to investment in human capital; internal labor mobility; the structuring of organizational hierarchies and compensation; and measures of productivity. The second part of the chapter deals with labor unions. It covers different segments of media and digital employees: the industrial workforce; crafts (skilled) people; creatives; freelancers; and middle managers. The third part of the chapter covers HRM by human touch: “soft control” or managing and motivating the creative workforce; models of personality and of motivation: the need for esteem and self-actualization; and corporate culture. The author also discusses the impact of the digital economy on employment and the consequences for digital management. The Disney company is analyzed as the case study for HRM practices.
Bouncing and E-Bouncing: The End of the Citational Footnote?

This article describes a recent article in which Bryan Garner recommends citational footnotes. The authors discuss a common criticism of citational footnotes (readers have to bounce down to the footnotes to see the authorities) and Garner's response (place key information about the authorities in the text). The authors note that few citational footnoters implement Garner's recommendation about in-text information -- probably because it's difficult -- and conclude that unless you're going to provide in-text information, you should avoid citational footnotes.
Resolving Molecular Structures with High-Resolution Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering Images.

Vibrational modes of a single molecule can be visualized by tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with atomic resolution. However, the exact vibrations associated with these Raman scattering images are s...
Occurrence of semiclassical vacuum decay

Recently, a novel phenomenon is observed for vacuum decay to proceed via classically allowed dynamical evolution from initial configurations of false vacuum fluctuations. With the help of some occasionally developed large fluctuations in time derivative of a homogeneous scalar field that is initially sitting at the false vacuum, the flyover vacuum decay is proposed if the initial Gaussian profile of field velocity contains a spatial region where the field velocity is large enough to flyover the potential barrier. In this paper, we point out that, even if the initial profile of field velocity is nowhere to be large enough to classically overcome the barrier, the semiclassical vacuum decay could still be possible if the initial profile of field velocity extends over large enough region.
Overview of Infectious Diseases of Concern to Dental Practitioners: Blood-Borne Pathogens

Blood-borne pathogens are of particular concern to the healthcare provider as they can be easily transmitted in the healthcare setting. This can happen due to improper disinfection of instruments and surfaces, or through parenteral exposure. With the proper use of standard precautions, including proper technique handling sharps, this can be avoided. Of particular concern is exposure to HIV, Hepatitis C, and Hepatitis B, for which there is a vaccine. All healthcare workers deemed at risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens should receive this vaccination. These diseases are manageable with proper detection and treatment. HIV is not cureable but can be controlled to a level that a patient can expect to live a full, healthy life. Hepatitis C and B can spontaneously resolve after an acute infection, but most people develop a chronic infection that if left untreated can lead to severe liver damage and even death. HIV and hepatitis continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, particularly in developing countries.
Opening the black box of social behavior.

Behavior is more than the motor outputs that we can directly measure. Here Calhoun and colleagues devise a novel method for inferring the internal states that affect how fruit flies process sensory information during courtship, providing a new framework for understanding the neural encoding of behavior.
Regulation of TRPC5 currents by intracellular ATP: Single channel studies.

TRPC5 channels are nonselective cation channels activated by G-protein-coupled receptors. It was previously found that recombinant TRPC5 currents are inhibited by intracellular ATP, when studied by whole-cell patch-clamp recording. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of ATP inhibition at the single-channel level using patches from HEK-293 cells transiently transfected with TRPC5 and the M1 muscarinic receptor. In inside-out patches, application of ATP to the intracellular face of the membrane reduced TRPC5 channel activity at both positive and negative potentials without affecting the unitary current amplitude or open dwell time of the channel. The effect of ATP was rapidly reversible. These results suggest that ATP may bind to the channel protein and affect the ability of the channel to open or to remain in an open, nondesensitized state. The activity of TRPC5 channels may be influenced by cellular metabolism via changes in ATP levels.
The role of surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic: impact on training and lessons learned from a surgical resident's perspective.

Surgeons are trained as “internists that also operate,” bringing an important skillset to patient management during the current COVID-19 pandemic. A review was performed to illustrate the response of surgical staff during the pandemic with regard to patient care and residency training. The evaluation and assessment of the changes enacted at Stony Brook Medicine’s Department of Surgery is illustrated through the unique perspective of surgical residents. No IRB approval or written consent was obtained nor it was necessary for the purposes of this paper. Hospital policy was enacted to hinder transmission of COVID-19 and included limited gatherings of people, restricted travel, quarantined symptomatic staff, and careful surveillance for disease incidence. Surgical residency transformed as residents were diverted from traditional surgical services to staff new COVID-19 ICUs. Education transitioned to an online-based platform for lectures and reviews. New skills sets were acquired such as PICC line placement and complex ventilator management. The viral surge impacted surgical training while also providing unique lessons regarding preparedness and strategic planning for future pandemic and disaster management.
Counterexample to a Variant of a Conjecture of Ziegler Concerning a Simple Polytope and Its Dual

Problem 4.19 in Ziegler (Lectures on Polytopes. Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 152. Springer, New York (1995)) asserts that every simple 3-dimensional polytope has the property that its dual can be constructed as the convex hull of points chosen from the facets of the original polytope. In this note we state a variant of this conjecture that requires the points to be a subset of the vertices of the original polytope, and provide a family of counterexamples for dimension $$d \ge 3$$ .
Molecular-Level Targets for the Development of Therapies Against Coronavirus Diseases

As research continues into the SARS-CoV-2 infection process, many viral and human proteins and other biomolecules have been identified as potential drug targets for treating this and other coronavirus infections. The most therapeutically promising of these include: (1) proteins involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, such as the viral spike (S) protein, the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and human proteases needed to cleave the S protein in preparation for cell membrane fusion;(2) nucleic acid–related enzymes involved in viral RNA replication such as the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and helicase;(3) viral proteases 3-Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLPro) and Papain-like protease (PLpro), which autocatalytically cleave the polyprotein translated from viral RNA;and (4) other intracellular human proteins the virus uses for replication and extracellular proteins the virus regulates to cause inflammation, blood coagulation and other problems associated with infection. In this chapter, we discuss these promising target proteins in terms of their structure, function, and possible chemical or biological modulators.
Disfluencies in English Speech Produced by Spanish-English Bilinguals.

BACKGROUND Fluency and disfluency exist on a continuum of speech production.Typically fluent speakers produce varying numbers of disfluencies; this number increases in stressful or cognitively demanding situations. Prior research indicates that adult second language learners produce more disfluencies in their weaker, second language, however, this has not been explored among heritage bilinguals who developed in both languages during childhood. There is a lack of foundational knowledge regarding disfluencies among typically fluent adult bilinguals; typical fluency patterns are likely influenced by bidirectional relationships between languages. These patterns may be viewed as disfluencies by listeners who generally perceive disfluencies unfavorably. OBJECTIVES The current study explores the quantity and types of disfluencies produced by bilinguals. METHODS Twenty Spanish-English bilinguals took part in a simulated job interview. Responses were transcribed and the total number and percent of disfluencies were calculated. RESULTS The findings indicated that typically fluent Spanish-English bilingual adults produce 6.99 typical (nonstuttered) disfluencies per 100 words and are therefore within the range of normative data on monolingual adults (5.1-10.99 per 100 words). The 2 most common disfluencies were superfluous verbal behaviors and pauses. CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed that typically fluent Spanish-English bilingual adult participants produced more fixed postures than previously reported among monolingual English speakers.
essential2life

The global chemical industry has a rich history of investment in campaigns to educate the public about what it does. Beginning in the 1930s, first Dupont then the industry overall promised “Better Living Through Chemistry.” In the 1990s, the industry promoted its own environmentalism. The 2005 launch of the American Chemistry Council’s essential2life campaign was yet another update. This essay examines the shifting logics of chemical industry public education campaigns, focusing particularly on the disavowals of the essential2life campaign. The essay also raises questions about forms of collective deliberation—among scientists, among activists and within industry—that reduce vulnerability to what Kirsch and Benson call “corporate oxymorons,” facilitating critical awareness of ways vested interests shape articulations of history and knowledge.
Unsupervised Cross-system Log Anomaly Detection via Domain Adaptation

Log anomaly detection, which focuses on detecting anomalous log records, becomes an active research problem because of its importance in developing stable and sustainable systems. Currently, many unsupervised log anomaly detection approaches are developed to address the challenge of limited anomalous samples. However, collecting enough data to train an unsupervised model is not practical when the system is newly deployed online. To tackle this challenge, we propose a transferable log anomaly detection (LogTAD) framework that leverages the adversarial domain adaptation technique to make log data from different systems have a similar distribution so that the detection model is able to detect anomalies from multiple systems. Experimental results show that LogTAD can achieve high accuracy on cross-system anomaly detection by using a small number of logs from the new system.
A space integrating acousto-optic matrix-matrix multiplier

An optical architecture is described for performing pipelined matrix-matrix multiplications. The architecture is implemented using multiple transducer acoustoaptic devices and a wideband photodetector array. A mriant of engagement formatting allows multiple inner products to be simultaneously computed by 1-D spatial integration, and through proper pipelining the full product matrix is produced at the output of the detector array. The output matrix in this architecture is in a format that is directly compatible with the input, a feature that on facilitate the implementation of iterative matrix algorithms. Digital multiplication by analog convolution can be incorporated for improved accuracy by using a frequency multiplexed representation of the binary data.
Platform Edge Detection and Protection Effects on Platform–Train Interface Safety:

The purpose of this study was to provide background information and examples of best practices relating to platform–train interface safety. This paper was adapted from a literature review that was undertaken as part of TCRP Project A-40, which aimed to improve platform safety for rail modes of public transportation. The findings were from an extensive literature review, transit operator safety data, input from two workshops, and interviews with various stakeholders. Information was gathered from transit operators, station designers, station builders, car builders, and accessibility equipment manufacturers. The background research showed that platform safety was primarily affected by technical factors, operational aspects, and passenger characteristics. This study identified possible issues and best practices for the technical design aspects of platform edge safety. Certain factors were found to be universal between modes and could be grouped together. However, the research suggests that each mode has many...
Settlement Pattern Variability In the Brush Creek Valley, Platte County, Missouri

During the summer of 1971, a field party from the Museum of Anthropology at the University of Kansas conducted an intensive archaeological- ·survey along Brush Creek, a tributary of the Missouri Ri...
Preliminary fractionaltion patterns of ore metals through Earth history

Abstract A systematic method of comparing fractionation patterns of ore metals to those of common rock-forming elements is developed using the coherent electronic framework provided by the Periodic Table through its progressive filling of transition metal d- and f-orbitals. Four generalized fractionation processes in Earth history are addressed: (1) nebular condensation and accretion; (2) core-mantle interaction; (3) continental crustal growth; and (4) ore formation in supracrustal environments. Through each of these simplified processes, preliminary fractionation patterns of ore metals within Periods appear to vary smoothly with atomic number. Fractionation trends for each of these four processes can be ascribed respectively to: (1) differential condensation volatility; (2) multiple stages of core formation with partial separation of highly siderophile metals into the core; (3) enrichment of the continental crust in ore metals and incompatible elements by ascent of mantle-derived magmas; and (4) efficient multistage magmatic and hydrochemical ore-forming processes within the crust. Fractionation trends of ore metals are contiguous and collinear with those of rock-forming metals in the same Period, implying common geochemical controls. The systematic variation of enrichment and depletion factors across groups of elements within the same Period are termed chemical fractionation spectra.
Dissociation of hemoglobin into subunits. Ligand-linked dissociation at neutral pH.

The dimer-tetramer association-dissociation equilibrium of hemoglobin is strongly ligand-linked at neutral pH; the ratio of the association constant of unliganded to that of oxyhemoglobin is estimated from ultracentrifuge data to be not less than 103 in sodium chloride solutions and probably not less than 105 in sodium iodide solutions. This finding affords an explanation of the fact that the ligand binding characteristics of hemoglobin are to a first approximation independent of the degree of dissociation of oxyhemoglobin—the “salt paradox”. Sedimentation equilibrium and velocity studies were routinely performed at concentrations as low as 10 μg/ml. (6.2 × 10−7 m-heme) using the photoelectric scanning absorption optical system. This system permitted strict spectral control of the integrity of the protein, especially important in the case of unliganded hemoglobin. In oxyhemoglobin, dissociation into monomers was not sufficient to be detectable even at high salt concentrations. In both sodium chloride and sodium iodide solutions, the association-dissociation equilibrium conformed well to a simple dimer-tetramer equilibrium. For each set of conditions, the equilibrium constant and dimer molecular weight, expressed as the buoyancy term M2 (∂ϱ∂c2)μ, were computed simultaneously by direct fitting of c versus r2 data using a non-linear least squares procedure. When the values of the density increment, (∂ϱ∂c2)μ, determined independently bypycnometry in 2 m-sodium chloride and 1 m-sodium iodide, were combined in accordance with three-component theory with the corresponding experimentally determined buoyancy terms, dimer molecular weights of 33,100 and 31,000 daltons were calculated respectively. In unliganded hemoglobin, the dissociation into dimer was not sufficient to be detectable. In 0.09 and 2.0 m-sodium chloride and in 1 m-sodium iodide solutions, plots of In c versus r2 in the range 10 to 100 μg/ml. (6.2 × 10−7 to 6.2 × 10−6 m-heme) were linear, corresponding to molecular weights of 63,800, 61,300 and 62,000 daltons respectively. Sedimentation velocity experiments performed at 20 μg/ml. (l.24 × 10−6 m-heme) yielded S20,W values of 4.81 s, 4.68 s and 4.82 s respectively.
The Impact of Insider Ownership Level on Equity Market Timing Decisions

Equity market timing refers to the issuance of equity when a firm’s stock is overvalued. Despite such efforts resulting in these firms significantly underperforming in the long run, managers are assumed to be acting in the best interests of current shareholders. Agency theory and current events clearly show that managers do not always act in the shareholders’ interest. Therefore it is imperative that this issue of shareholder benefit be further investigated. This paper attempts to overcome the hurdle of superior insider information, and determine if shareholders do indeed benefit. We use Logit and Probit models to evaluate the propensity of managers to issue new equity conditioned upon the degree of alignment (as measured by managers’ equity ownership) of their interests with those of shareholders. Specifically, how does the likelihood of equity market timing change in relation to the level of insider ownership? Our results indicate that the probability of issue increases with managerial holdings of common stock. Managers are acting for shareholder benefit, since they are more likely to issue equity when they themselves are heavily invested in the firm’s common stock.
MENTAL IMAGERY AND THE VARIETIES OF AMODAL PERCEPTION

The problem of amodal perception is the problem of how we represent features of perceived objects that are occluded or otherwise hidden from us. Bence Nanay (2010) has recently proposed that we amodally perceive an object's occluded features by imaginatively projecting them into the relevant regions of visual egocentric space. In this paper, I argue that amodal perception is not a single, unitary capacity. Drawing appropriate distinctions reveals amodal perception to be characterized not only by mental imagery, as Nanay suggests, but also by genuinely visual representations as well as beliefs. I conclude with some brief remarks on the role of object-directed bodily action in conferring a sense of unseen presence on an object's occluded features.
Communication technology options in real-time pricing system for residential customers in electricity market

With the restructuring of the electricity industry and developing electricity market, the large fluctuation of electricity prices become a serious concern. Real-time pricing (RTP) is presented as one of the solutions to tackle the problem. However, the obstacle is in the communication system that handles power consumption signal, price signal, utility operator signal, etc. The paper describes some available communication technologies and schemes, particularly within a household, and proposes a technology that is suitable for this application, namely power line communication (PLC).
Book Reviews: General, Applied and Theoretical

Folklore: Selected Essays. RICHARD M. DORSON. Folklore Methodology. KAARLE KROHN. Formulated by Julius Krohn and expanded by Nordic researchers. Roger L. Welsch. Toward New Perspectives in Folklore. AMERICO PAREDES and RICHARD BAUMAN, eds.
Ruling the World?: Constitutional Heterarchy: The Centrality of Conflict in the European Union and the United States

In the debates about whether to take constitutionalism beyond the state, the European Union invariably looms large. One element, in particular, that invites scholars to grapple with the analogy between the European Union and global governance is the idea of legal pluralism. Just as the European legal order is based on competing claims of ultimate legal authority among the European Union and its Member States, so, too, the global legal order, to the extent we can speak of one, lacks a singular, uncontested hierarchy among its various parts. Scholars have accordingly begun to consider pluralism within the European Union as a model from which to glean more general principles that may be applicable to pluralism and constitutionalism elsewhere. If we can find constitutionalism within the pluralist system of the European Union, so the argument goes, perhaps we can find constitutionalism within the international legal system as well.This paper takes a fresh look at constitutionalism and pluralism by bringing heterarchy home. In so doing, it explores a comparison that has been uniformly overlooked in the scholarly literature. This chapter examines the similarities between the pluralism that lies at the core of European constitutionalism and aspects of pluralism in U.S. constitutional practice. With regard to these two systems, the chapter makes three claims. First, in both systems important questions of final legal authority remain essentially unsettled. Second, in both systems, this absence of hierarchy of legal authority does not lead to chaos, but constitutes a system of order. Third, the management of constitutional conflict and the resulting accommodation turn on what I claim are the three primary values of constitutionalism: voice, expertise, and rights. Reaching beyond these two systems, the comparative inquiry pursued here helps answer what may be the most pressing question for those who seek to understand global governance in the language of constitutionalism. The comparison reveals that constitutionalism does not depend on traditional hierarchy among systems or interpretive institutions. Instead, constitutionalism can be realized within a system of heterarchy. Constitutionalism stands for a project of governance in which actors endeavor to realize the primary values of voice, expertise, and rights. And it is these three values that the idea of constitutionalism, if taken seriously, aims to vindicate at the level of global governance as well.
Modified Automated Determination of 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate in Whole Blood

A modification is described of the automated determination of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) in blood [Grisolia, S., et al., Anal. Biochem. 31, 235 (1969)]. Modifications in the manifold result in a sensitive, noise-free, rapid system and the modifications in the preparations of the reagents ensure stability of the diluted standards and blood samples for at least three weeks. Samples are run at the rate of 60/h and sample size can be as small as 5 µl of whole blood. The coefficient of variation of the overall determination of automated DPG and manual hemoglobin is 3.6% and the SD is ±0.77 µmol/g Hb. The normal range is 14.6 ± 2.2 (SD) µmol/g hemoglobin.
LCD diffractive element design to handle multiple disk thicknesses

We describe the design of a single diffractive LCD element placed adjacent to the objective lens that can be addressed to provide the required spherical aberration (SA) compensation for a plurality of disk substrate thicknesses. It is now commonplace that optical disk drives must be able to handle disks of more than one substrate thickness. The major problem is compensating for the SA introduced when the highly corrected objective lens is used with a disk substrate thickness other than that which it was specifically designed for. An abundance of methods for solving this problem in the specific case of CD/DVD backward compatibility exist in the literature; we use an active device to extend this to include HD-DVD as well.
Duality for non-abelian lattice fields

Abstract It is shown that no non-abelian spin system or gauge theory on a lattice is self-dual, unless the model can be rewritten as an abelian system. Some examples of such effectively abelian models are given. In addition, for both discrete groups and Lie groups with non-trivial centers, dual local field theories are constructed. For the gauge theory the dual order parameter has the 't Hooft commutation relations with the Wilson loop.
The gas content and buoyancy of strombolian ash plumes

Plinian plumes erupt with a bulk density greater than that of air, and depend upon air entrainment during their gas-thrust phase to become buoyant; if entrainment is insufficient, the column collapses into a potentially deadly pyroclastic flow. This study shows that strombolian ash plumes can be erupted in an initially buoyant state due to their extremely high initial gas content, and in such cases are thus impervious to column collapse. The high gas content is a consequence of decoupled gas rise in the conduit, in which particles are ultimately incidental. The relations between conduit gas flow, eruption style and plume density are explored here for strombolian scenarios and contrasted with conventional wisdom derived from plinian eruptions. Considering the inherent relation between gas content and initial plume density together with detailed measurements of plume velocities can help unravel ambiguities surrounding conduit processes, eruption styles and hazards at poorly understood volcanoes. Analysis of plume dynamics at Santiaguito volcano, Guatemala adds further support for a model involving decoupled gas rise in the conduit.
Ballistic impact into fabric and compliant composite laminates

The development of tough, high-strength, high-modulus fibers has led to the use of fabrics and compliant composite laminates for a number of impact-related applications, such as turbine blade containment, fuselage protection and body armor. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify material properties and system mechanisms that are important to the performance of these ballistic textiles. The current paper presents a review of the factors that influence ballistic performance; specifically, the material properties of the yarn, fabric structure, projectile geometry and velocity, far field boundary conditions, multiple plies and friction. Each physical mechanism is described in detail, and original references are cited to allow further investigation.
Cell-free amino acid incorporation by rat spleen ribosomes

An energy-dependent, amino acid incorporating system is described for rat spleen ribosomes supplemented with soluble components of rat liver. Ribosomes prepared by deoxycholate treatment of microsomes prior to centrifugation could be stored in liquid nitrogen for 5 days before use in incorporation experiments. During storage, latent RNase was activated at a rate of 0.045 μg. per milligram ribosomal protein per day. After 5 days of storage, the half-life of the ribosomes for incorporation was 3.6 days. The loss of ability to incorporate was attributable to the accumulated activated RNase. Soluble components from rat liver were obtained by treating the 105,000 g supernatant fluids of homogenates with streptomycin to yield amino acid acceptor RNA, followed by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation at 0.75 satn. to yield an enzyme protein concentrate. Maximum incorporation was obtained with 1 mg. of spleen ribosomes, 75 μg. of RNA, and 3.5 mg. of protein concentrate. Other characteristics of this system are presented.
Natural occurrence of Xylella fastidiosa in a commercial nursery in Maryland

Bacterial leaf scorch caused by Xylella fastidiosa is a serious problem in the landscape, but its importance in the nursery trade is undetermined. Therefore, a survey was conducted in 2003 and 2004 in a commercial wholesale and production nursery in Maryland to determine the natural occurrence of X. fastidiosa in nursery plants and surrounding vegetation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent and nested polymerase chain reaction assays specific for the bacterium. Xylella fastidiosa was associated with crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica), Japanese stewartia (Stewartia pseudocamellia), Schipka laurel (Prunus laurocerasus ‘Schipkaensis’), and Japanese flowering cherry (Prunus serrulata ‘Kwanzan’) in the nursery, as well as with mimosa (Albizia julibrissin) and sassafras (Sassafrass albidum) growing in the perimeter of the nursery. All were previously unknown hosts of the bacterium. Xylella fastidiosa was also detected in dogwood (Cornus florida) and willow oak (Quercus phellos) in the nursery, as well as in red o...
Preliminary report on the Alaskan earthquake of April 7, 1958

The Alaskan earthquake of 05h 30m April 7, 1958 (150° WMT) is the largest (Richter scale 7.0–7.5) of a series of shocks centered in an area near Huslia, Alaska. Severe breakage of lake and river ice and many ground cracks and mud flows occurred in the region of the field epicenter. A preliminary isoseismal map is presented.
Preference for familiar stimulation independent of fear of novelty

The hypothesis that stimulus familiarity generates positive motivation independent of aversive effects of novelty was investigated by offering animals three different degrees of familiarity, with novelty held constant. Preference was found to covary with degree of familiarity, regardless of sensory modality. The results tend to support J. McV. Hunt’s proposal that perceptual familiarity has independent motivational effects.
Demonstration of the facile reversibility of fulvene formation

Cleavage of fulvenes under mild conditions and interchange between electron-deficient fulvenes and their constituent cyclopentadienes and imines is demonstrated for the first time. A series of cyclopentadienes and imines are investigated to probe the dependence of fulvene equilibration on structure. The exchange of one fulvene for another is demonstrated in the first reported example of transfulvenation. Finally, the metathesis of two fulvenes to generate all four possible cross products is shown.
A New Active Tilting-Pad Bearing: Nonlinear Modeling and Feedback Control

This article introduces a new type of active fluid film bearing and its feedback control. In particular, the active adjustment of the angular velocity of the pads of a tilting-pad bearing in response to changes in the operating conditions of the rotating machine is proposed. This is motivated by the observation that there is more control authority in the pad tilting motion than in its radial translation. To this end, a dynamic model for the bearing system is first developed, inclusive of the nonlinear hydrodynamic force for the infinitely short bearing case. A model-based controller is then constructed, based on measurements of the journal position and velocity and pad tilting angles, to ensure that the journal is asymptotically regulated to the bearing center. Numerical simulations illustrate the performance of the active bearing under the proposed control in comparison with the bearing's standard passive mode of operation.
Explaining Delay in Care Seeking for Breast Cancer Symptoms1

From a theory of care-seeking behavior, this study answered two questions: Do psychosocial variables (anxiety, utility, norm, and habit) and objective, facilitating conditions (e. g., regular practitioner) influence care-seeking delay with a breast symptom directly, or are psychosocial influences moderated by facilitating conditions? Do demographic or clinical factors explain delay, controlling for psychosocial variables and facilitating conditions? Women with breast cancer symptoms (N= 106) completed questionnaire measures. Delay was measured by the days between symptom detection and first contact with the health system. Norm and having a regular practitioner were related inversely to delay. The influence of anxiety was moderated by having a regular practitioner. Among women lacking a practitioner, anxiety was related inversely to delay; among women with a practitioner, anxiety was not related to delay. Controlling for psychosocial variables and facilitating conditions, women of color delayed longer than did Caucasians. Findings can guide research and theory about care seeking.
Molecular Cloning, Stable Expression and Desensitization of the Human Dopamine D1B / D5 Receptor

AbstractThe sub-family of dopamine D1-like receptors is now known to be comprised of at least two members: the originally cloned D1 receptor (herein referred to as the D1a receptor) and a related receptor referred to as the D1b, D1β or D5 dopamine receptor (herein referred to as the D1b/D5 receptor). Here, we characterize the D1b/D5 receptor expressed transiently in COS-7 cells and permanently in Ltk− cells.Transiently expressed human D1b/D5 receptors bind the D1 specific ligand [125I]SCH 23982 saturably and with high affinity (KD = 500 pM). Competition for [125I]SCH 23982 binding to rat D1b/D5 and human D1a and D1b/D5 receptors supports the contention that the two D1b/D5 receptors are species homologues. Furthermore, in COS-7 cells, as previously observed, dopamine competes for the binding of [125I]SCH 23982 to human D1b/D5 receptors with a higher affinity than that seen at the human D1a receptor. These results are similar to those seen in Ltk− cells permanently transfected with the human D1b/D5 receptor...
A normal stress criterion for crack extension direction in orthotropic composite materials

A criterion for predicting the direction of crack extension in orthotropic composite materials is presented. The criterion is based upon the normal stress and the anisotropic tensile strength on arbitrary planes about the tip of a crack. Results are obtained, via finite element solutions, for: (1) isotropic mixed mode fracture, (2) cracks in unidirectional off-axis slotted composite tensile coupons and (3) cracks in cross plied laminates. Comparisons are made with other theories and experimental results.