cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of terahertz waveforms measured by photoconductive and electrooptic sampling

Terahertz (THz) waveform measurements by photoconductive (PC) sampling and free-space electrooptic sampling (FS-EOS) are analyzed and quantitatively compared. Our data suggest that a short dipole antenna used in a PC receiver contributes a flat frequency response when used without a substrate lens and a j/spl omega/ response when used with a substrate lens, for the specific THz frequency range and optical system investigated in our experiments. These findings are explained using results from basic antenna theory. Experiments testing our theory for a variety of THz waveforms (obtained by using different THz emitters and simple as well as shaped optical excitation pulses) and for different carrier lifetimes are also presented. Finally, we demonstrate near-field effects in the PC sampling measurements of broad-band THz waveforms and explore the evolution of THz radiation from the near field into the far field.
Biblical Characters in Hellenistic Judaism

The portrayal of biblical characters in Hellenistic Judaism exhibits a consistent, individual-centered approach to the interpretation of the Bible. Jewish Greek literary traditions (such the Septuagint, apocryphal and pseudepigraphic works composed in Greek, Philo of Alexandria, Josephus, and Greek fragmentary works by Jewish authors) promoted first the historical influence and relevance of biblical characters and subsequently their moral exemplarity or depravity. The latter trend was influenced by Hellenistic biographies, aretalogies, and the ideal of the Stoic sage. An interest in biblical figures and patriarchs as role models and anti-role models may also be seen in the Hellenized Jewish use of intertextuality, typology, ‘riffing’, or mirror narratives, as well as in pseudepigraphic attribution and composition, as a means to lend scriptural authority to new narratives and moral authority to the heroes and texts of the past. A similar focus on the virtues and vices of biblical characters in texts composed by Jews can be found in the use of the Hellenistic literary form known as the Beispeilreihe, in which exemplars are listed in a carefully crafted genre that argues a consistent theme in a poetic and condensed form.
“The Rust of Life”: Impact of Anxiety on Cardiac Patients

Anxiety has both functionally appropriate and inappropriate consequences. Among patients with cardiac disease, anxiety can be functionally appropriate when it prompts an individual to quickly seek treatment for acute cardiac signs and symptoms. But anxiety may have medical or psychological consequences when it is persistent or severe, including difficulty adhering to prescribed treatments and making recommended lifestyle changes, adoption of or failure to change risky behaviors, increased risk for acute cardiac events, and increased risk for in-hospital complications after admission for acute coronary syndrome. Yet, because anxiety is a universal emotion that is managed without consequence by many people, its importance is often ignored by healthcare providers. The impact of psychosocial (with a major emphasis on anxiety) and behavioral variables on biological outcomes was examined systematically. The research included (1) examination and comparison of the intensity of anxiety in international samples of various critically, acutely, and chronically ill cardiac patients; (2) determination of differences between men and women in the expression of anxiety; (3) investigation of factors predictive of anxiety levels, including perceived control; (4) studies of healthcare providers' knowledge of anxiety assessment and providers' practices in assessing and managing anxiety; and (5) determination of the impact of anxiety on clinical outcomes in cardiac patients. The goal of this program of research is to improve patients' outcomes on a widespread basis by placing anxiety in the forefront of clinical cardiac practice.
Wimpy node clusters: what about non-wimpy workloads?

The high cost associated with powering servers has introduced new challenges in improving the energy efficiency of clusters running data processing jobs. Traditional high-performance servers are largely energy inefficient due to various factors such as the over-provisioning of resources. The increasing trend to replace traditional high-performance server nodes with low-power low-end nodes in clusters has recently been touted as a solution to the cluster energy problem. However, the key tacit assumption that drives such a solution is that the proportional scale-out of such low-power cluster nodes results in constant scaleup in performance. This paper studies the validity of such an assumption using measured price and performance results from a low-power Atom-based node and a traditional Xeon-based server and a number of published parallel scaleup results. Our results show that in most cases, computationally complex queries exhibit disproportionate scaleup characteristics which potentially makes scale-out with low-end nodes an expensive and lower performance solution.
Exploration Of Healthy Eating Education And Consumption Of Various Foods Of College Students In A Small Liberal Arts College

Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer (World Health Organization, 2011; National Institutes of Health, 1998). Children with high BMI often become obese adults (Serdula, Ivery, Coates, Freedman, Williamson, & Byers, 1993). According to the World Health Organization (2011), obesity is preventable. While it is well known that obesity can be prevented, it often is not. This article examines how healthy eating education has an impact on food choices of college students in a liberal arts college in Northeastern Pennsylvania. The researchers will discuss the implications for educators, administrators, and researchers. Findings, conclusions, and recommendations will be presented.
MANAGING MEGA-CITY TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEMS: CASES OF NEW YORK AND SHANGHAI

This paper conducts a comparative analysis on the megacity transportation planning systems between New York and Shanghai. This case study examines the seven lessons learned from New York’s public transportation development: building political partnership; ensuring economical reasonableness; optimizing transit project development process; ensuring multimodal connection; integrating land use and transportation; achieving sustainable development; and synchronizing transit system expansion with travel demand increase. Based on this empirical study, the paper makes preliminary recommendations on how to apply these seven lessons to Shanghai.
Measuring knowledge of school-based occupational therapy.

OBJECTIVE The primary purpose of this study was to develop a measure of Knowledge of Occupational Therapy in School settings (KNOTS) for occupational therapy students. A secondary purpose was to develop a scale of Self-Efficacy in School Settings (SESS) for occupational therapy students. METHOD One hundred forty-five university students enrolled in either occupational therapy classes or education classes completed a questionnaire consisting (in part) of the 60-item KNOTS scale and the SESS scale. Analyses of internal reliability, group comparisons, and correlations were computed on the scores. RESULTS The reliabilities of the KNOTS (.85) and SESS (.94) were reasonably high. Occupational therapy students performed significantly better than did education students, and senior occupational therapy students scored significantly higher than did juniors on the KNOTS. SESS scores were positively but not significantly correlated with KNOTS scores. CONCLUSION If further investigation provides additional evidence for the reliability and validity of the KNOTS and SESS, both measures have a number of potential practical applications.
Molecular Oncology Testing in Resource-Limited Settings

Cancer prevalence and mortality are high in developing nations, where resources for cancer control are inadequate. Nearly one-quarter of cancers in resource-limited nations are infection related, and molecular assays can capitalize on this relationship by detecting pertinent pathogen genomes and human gene variants to identify those at highest risk for progression to cancer, to classify lesions, to predict effective therapy, and to monitor tumor burden over time. Prime examples are human papillomavirus in cervical neoplasia, Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus in gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma, and hepatitis B or C virus in hepatocellular cancer. Research is underway to engineer devices that overcome social, economic, and technical barriers limiting effective laboratory support. Additional challenges include an educated workforce, infrastructure for quality metrics and record keeping, and funds to sustain molecular test services. The combination of well-designed interfaces, novel and robust electrochemical technology, and telemedicine tools will promote adoption by frontline providers. Fast turnaround is crucial for surmounting loss to follow-up, although increased use of cell phones, even in rural areas, enhances options for patient education and engagement. Links to a broadband network facilitate consultation and centralized storage of medical data. Molecular technology shows promise to address gaps in health care through rapid, user-friendly, and cost-effective devices reflecting clinical priorities in resource-poor areas.
Refreshing the sky: the compressed skycube with efficient support for frequent updates

The skyline query is important in many applications such as multi-criteria decision making, data mining, and user-preference queries. Given a set of d-dimensional objects, the skyline query finds the objects that are not dominated by others. In practice, different users may be interested in different dimensions of the data, and issue queries on any subset of d dimensions. This paper focuses on supporting concurrent and unpredictable subspace skyline queries in frequently updated databases. Simply to compute and store the skyline objects of every subspace in a skycube will incur expensive update cost. In this paper, we investigate the important issue of updating the skycube in a dynamic environment. To balance the query cost and update cost, we propose a new structure, the compressed skycube, which concisely represents the complete skycube. We thoroughly explore the properties of the compressed skycube and provide an efficient object-aware update scheme. Experimental results show that the compressed skycube is both query and update efficient.
Design and Development of VHF Antennas for Space Borne Signal of Opportunity Receivers for Cubesat Platforms

Design and Development of VHF Antennas for Space Borne Signal of Opportunity Receivers for Cubesat Platforms. Space borne microwave remote sensors at VHF/UHF frequencies are important instruments to observe reflective properties of land surfaces through thick and heavy forestation on a global scale. One of the most cost effective ways of measuring land reflectivity at VHF/UHF frequencies is to use signals transmitted by existing communication satellites (operating at VHF/UHF band) as a signal of opportunity (SoOp) signal and passive receivers integrated with airborne/space borne platforms operating in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO). One of the critical components of the passive receiver is two antennas (one to receive only direct signal and other to receive only reflected signal) which need to have ideally high (>30dB) isolation. However, because of small size of host platforms and broad beam width of dipole antennas, achieving adequate isolation between two channels is a challenging problem and need to be solved for successful implementation of space borne SoOp technology for remote sensing. In this presentation a novel enabling VHF antenna technology for Cubesat platforms is presented to receive direct as well as reflected signal with needed isolation. The novel scheme also allows enhancing the gain of individual channels by factor of 2 without use of reflecting ground plane
Uncoupling the complexity of forest soil variation: influence of terrain indices, spectral indices, and spatial variability.

Abstract Growing concern over climate and management induced changes to soil nutrient status has prompted interest in understanding the spatial distribution of forest soil properties. Recent advancements in remotely sensed geospatial technologies are providing an increasing array of data sources (e.g., LiDAR, hyper-spectral imagery) relating to forest biophysical properties. While these data sources have the potential to improve spatial predictions of forest soil properties, considerable uncertainty exists regarding which remotely sensed (RS) indices are correlated to soil variability and what underlying pedogenic processes connect them. The main objective of this study was to identify and interpret RS indices that account for soil variability within a 2300 ha forested watershed. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and variation partitioning methods were used to uncouple the complexity of soil–environmental relationships. Thirty-two soil pedons were described, sampled, characterized and analyzed for 22 soil properties within the 0–50 cm soil depth interval. A suite of environmental covariates, comprised of LiDAR derived canopy metrics, land-surface and hydrologic terrain indices, broad-band remotely sensed indices (GeoEye-1), and narrow-band hyper-spectral indices (HyMap), were used as covariates in our RDA models. Principal coordinates of neighbor matrices (PCNM) was used to disentangle the contribution of spatial autocorrelation among sampling locations to the total variance explained by our RDA models. Two groups of soil properties were identified using discriminate analysis of principal components, with each soil property group (SPG) relating to different pedogenic processes occurring with the watershed (SPG1: organic matter-metal cycling; SPG2: base-cation cycling). Our results show there was a relatively strong correspondence between soil properties and terrain/spectral indices; with 61% and 81% of the total variance explained by the first four RDA axes for SPG1 and SPG2, respectively. Variation partitioning analysis revealed that both SPG1 and SPG2 were most strongly related to terrain and canopy indices; although spectral indices were also important, especially for SGP2. Variation in the types of RS indices correlated to each SPG results from variation in the degree to which each environmental covariate relates to the pedogenic process(es) driving soil property development. The approach used in this study can help improve our understanding of soil spatial variability through identifying the most significant environmental covariates related to soil variation. Given the growing demands placed upon forest ecosystems (e.g., timber, recreation, carbon sequestration), improved knowledge of soil variability and the factors that affect the soil resource is essential to facilitate more effective forest management.
Phyllophaga crinita: Damage Assessment and Control in Grain Sorghum and Wheat

Preliminary biological information on a white grub, Phyllophaga crinita (Burmeister), is presented. Damage to gain sorghum by the feeding of this grub caused death of seedling plants, plant stunting, or lodging. Dasanit® ( O, O -diethyl O- p -[(methylsulfinyl)phenyl] phosphorothioate), diazinon, and carbofuran were effective in reducing grub numbers, and plant-stand loss which resulted in increased yields. Propoxur, chlordane, and heptachlor in general provided unsatisfactory control. Economic injury resulted where grub numbers were ≥2/ft2. Indications are that the Economic threshold level is about 1 grub/ft2.
Finite Element Analysis of Transverse Impact on a Woven Textile

High-strength textiles are widely used in soft impact threat shield systems. During the past several decades, a lot of experiments and theoretical work were conducted to understand the transverse impact behavior of textile structures. As a continuation of those efforts, this paper presents finite element modeling of transverse impact of a rigid right circular cylinder into a square patch of plain-woven textile. Two boundary conditions are applied on the woven textile: four edges clamped; two opposite edges clamped and the other two edges left free. Results show that during the initial stage of the impact, there exists an abrupt momentum/energy transfer from the projectile to the local textile in the impact region. The modeling results also show that the textile boundary condition plays an important role in the impact. It significantly affects the textile transient deformation, stress distribution, energy absorption, and failure modes. The textile absorbs energy more quickly when all its four edges are clamped.© 2004 ASME
Classification of Small Covers Over Prisms up to Equivariant Cobordism

For a small cover over a polytope, its equivariant cobordism class is determined by the tangential representation set. By reducing the tangential representation set of small covers over prisms to a prime form, this article determines the classification of small covers over prisms up to equivariant cobordism.
Efficient high-order discontinuous Galerkin schemes with first-order hyperbolic advection-diffusion system approach

We propose arbitrary high-order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) schemes that are designed based on a first-order hyperbolic advection-diffusion formulation of the target governing equations. We present, in details, the efficient construction of the proposed high-order schemes (called DG-H), and show that these schemes have the same number of global degrees-of-freedom as comparable conventional high-order DG schemes, produce the same or higher order of accuracy solutions and solution gradients, are exact for exact polynomial functions, and do not need a second-derivative diffusion operator. We demonstrate that the constructed high-order schemes give excellent quality solution and solution gradients on irregular triangular elements. We also construct a Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) limiter for the proposed DG-H schemes and apply it to discontinuous problems. We also make some accuracy comparisons with conventional DG and interior penalty schemes. A relative qualitative cost analysis is also reported, which indicates that the high-order schemes produce orders of magnitude more accurate results than the low-order schemes for a given CPU time. Furthermore, we show that the proposed DG-H schemes are nearly as efficient as the DG and Interior-Penalty (IP) schemes as these schemes produce results that are relatively at the same error level for approximately a similar CPU time. We propose an efficient high-order discontinuous-Galerkin (DG) schemes with the first-order hyperbolic advection-diffusion formulation.The proposed DG-H schemes have the same DoF as classical DG schemes for the same accuracy without a second-order diffusion operator.DG-H ( P k ) is (k + 2)-order accurate for solution and (k + 1)-order accurate for gradients on irregular elements for advection problems.DG-H ( P k ) gives (k + 1)-order accurate for both solution and gradients on irregular elements for general advection-diffusion problems.The DG-H schemes are nearly as efficient as DG and IP schemes with relatively the same error for nearly similar CPU time.
Liquid water: Ubiquitous contributor to aerosol mass

Aerosol liquid water (ALW) is a ubiquitous component of atmospheric aerosol and influences particle chemistry, visibility, human health, and regional climate. The global abundance and spatial patterns in ALW mass concentrations and its fractional contribution to total particle mass are not routinely documented. We estimate lower-bound ALW mass concentrations at locations and time periods of aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) field campaigns using speciated ion measurements, meteorology from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, and thermodynamic predictions from ISORROPIA version 2.1. The contribution of water by organic compounds is estimated using κ-Kohler theory. Field campaign-specific patterns suggest that ALW mass is largest in urban and urban downwind areas, and that of growth factors is largest in rural areas. The highest average ALW mass concentration is estimated for the AMS study in Beijing and the highest mass fraction for rural Hyytiala. A more robust understanding of ALW is critical for devel...
American Dionysia: Violence, Tragedy, and Democratic Politics

Violence and tragedy riddle democracy - not due to fatal shortcomings or unnecessary failures, but because of its very design and success. To articulate this troubling claim, Steven Johnston explores the cruelty of democratic founding, the brutal use democracies make of citizens and animals during wartime, the ambiguous consequences of legislative action expressive of majority rule, and militant practices of citizenship required to deal with democracy's enemies. Democracy must take responsibility for its success: to rule in denial of violence merely replicates it. Johnston thus calls for the development of a tragic democratic politics and proposes institutional and civic responses to democracy's reign, including the reinvention of tragic festivals and holidays, a new breed of public memorials, and mandatory congressional reparations sessions. Theorizing the violent puzzle of democracy, Johnston addresses classic and contemporary political theory, films, little known monuments, the subversive music of Bruce Springsteen, and the potential of democratic violence by the people themselves.
An Embedded Passive Gain Technique for Asynchronous SAR ADC Achieving 10.2 ENOB 1.36-mW at 95-MS/s in 65 nm CMOS

This paper demonstrates an asynchronous successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture with an embedded passive gain technique for low-power and high-speed operation. The proposed passive gain technique relaxes the noise requirement of the comparator and reuses the existing capacitor DAC in SAR for minimal overhead. An additional time-out scheme is adopted to advance the SAR conversion whenever the comparator takes longer time to resolve, which improves the overall conversion rate. To prove the concept, an 11-bit ADC prototype was fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology. The prototype measured a peak effective number of bits (ENOB) of 10.2 and a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 75.2 dB at a 95-MS/s sampling rate with 1.36-mW power consumption from a 1.1 V supply. The measured static differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) were less than ± 0.84 LSB with a differential input swing of 1.6 $\mathbf{V}_{\boldsymbol{pp}}$ .
Abstract 654: Impact of epithelial cell-specific deletion of mPGES-1 on colon carcinogenesis

Activation of the COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2 signaling axis is a hallmark of many cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), prompting the implementation of cancer prevention strategies targeting COX-2 activity. We have shown that targeting the downstream terminal PGE2 synthase, mPGES-1, specifically reduces inducible PGE2 formation without disrupting synthesis of other essential prostanoids. Additionally, global deletion of mPGES-1 (gKO) confers dramatic protection against intestinal cancer development in several mouse models, including the AOM+DSS inflammation-associated colon cancer model. Understanding the role of PGE2 under inflammatory conditions, however, is complicated by the diverse cellular sources and context-dependence of inducible PGE2. To clarify the relative contribution of inducible PGE2 synthesis within distinct cell compartments in colon, we have recently created an mPGES-1 conditional knockout mouse (cKO), where exon 3 of the mPGES-1 gene (mPtges) is floxed for tissue-specific Cre-mediated deletion. To test the role of epithelial-derived PGE2 synthesis on inflammation-associated cancer, we crossed the cKO mice with carbonic anhydrase 1 (Car1)-controlled Cre mice (cKO:Car1), thereby inactivating mPGES-1 function specifically within colonic epithelial cells. Based on our recent observation that global inactivation mPGES-1 sensitizes the colonic mucosa to direct environmental injury, we first examined the sensitivity of the cKO:Car1 mice to DSS-induced acute colitis. Two days after a five-day treatment with 0, 0.5 or 1% DSS, clinical signs of colitis, including the extent of colonic ulceration were determined. Both cKO:Car1 and cKO:WT control mice showed a comparable extent of colonic ulceration, covering ∼60% of the epithelial surface. We next examined the impact of epithelial-specific deletion of mPGES-1 on DSS-induced colon carcinogenesis. KO:Car1 and cKO:WT control mice were treated with a single injection of AOM (10 mg/kg bw) followed by five days of 0, 0.5 or 1% DSS, and colons were examined five weeks after the end of DSS treatment. Surprisingly, epithelial deletion of mPGES-1 in the cKO:Car1 mice failed to provide against cancer development in comparison to the cKO:WT mice. This is the first study to show that genetic inactivation of inducible PGE2 formation within a specific cell lineage (e.g. epithelial cells) does not affect both the extent of acute colonic inflammation nor subsequent inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Masako Nakanishi, Daniel W. Rosenberg. Impact of epithelial cell-specific deletion of mPGES-1 on colon carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 654.
Levitation Studies in High Tc Superconductors at Lower Temperatures and High Fields

Dramatic increases in magnetic levitation forces between magnetic field sources and Y Ba2 C113 O7 have been achieved by new processing methods such as melt textured and melt-quenched materials. This has raised levitation magnetic pressures to 4–5 N/cm2 with small magnetic field magnets of 0.4 T at 78° K. In this paper we report on further increases in force capability from experiments conducted on a melt-powder-melt-growth YBCO sample from the ISTEC laboratories conducted at temperatures of 4.2° K and the interaction with a small low Tc solenoid that produces fields up to 2.0 T. Results show that magnetic pressures up to 60 N/cm2 and higher can be achieved. These results suggest that higher loads for superconducting bearings may be achievable in the near future.
Response to Comment on the FLAT-SUGAR Trial Investigators. Glucose Variability in a 26-Week Randomized Comparison of Mealtime Treatment With Rapid-Acting Insulin Versus GLP-1 Agonist in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes at High Cardiovascular Risk. Diabetes Care 2016;39:973-981.

We thank Monnier et al. (1) for both their interest in our trial (2) and their thoughtful comments. We appreciate their suggestion regarding a possible relationship between exogenous insulin dosage and the observed levels of urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, which we plan to address in the future in a more …
Cyclic non-opioid dynorphin A analogues for the bradykinin receptors.

Nerve injury and inflammation cause up-regulation of an endogenous opioid ligand, dynorphin A (Dyn A), in the spinal cord resulting in hyperalgesia via the interaction with bradykinin receptors (BRs). This is a non-opioid neuroexcitatory effect that cannot be blocked by opioid antagonists. Our systematic structure-activity relationships study on Dyn A identified lead ligands 1 and 4, along with the key structural feature (i.e. amphipathicity) for the BRs. However, the ligands showed very low metabolic stability in plasma (t1/2 5h) and therefore possesses the potential as a pharmacophoric scaffold to be utilized for drug development.
Involvement and comfort of gynecologic oncologists in the treatment of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with gynecologic malignancies

Objective To investigate the provision of care for pediatric and adolescent patients by gynecologic oncologists. Methods The present prospective cross-sectional study enrolled attending physicians and fellows specializing in gynecologic oncology from the USA during December 2012 and January 2013. A 33-question survey collecting demographic data and details of participant opinions on existing practices was distributed to potential respondents. Survey responses were aggregated and descriptive analyses were performed. Results The survey was distributed to 1252 physicians and 178 (14.2%) surveys were returned; 105 (59.0%) participants thought that the care of patients aged younger than 21 years should be included in their practice. Only 7 (3.9%) participants had received formal training in caring for pediatric patients and young adults; however, 85 (47.8%) felt this should be incorporated into formal fellowship training. Multidisciplinary teams were reported to be the best method for caring pediatric patients by 160 (88.9%) participants but only 42 (23.6%) participants reported that multidisciplinary teams were involved in pediatric gynecologic oncology care at their institutions. Conclusion Gynecologic oncologists wanted to be involved in pediatric care and open dialogue between specialists could help in the provision of optimal, longitudinal care to these patients. Further, the incorporation of formal pediatric patient-focused training into gynecologic oncology fellowship programs should be considered. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Review of scintigraphically hot thyroid nodules with emphasis on the “heterogeneously hot nodule”, an entity not well described in the literature or nuclear medicine textbooks.

1277 Objectives 1. Review of hot thyroid nodules on scintigraphy, with emphasis on the “heterogeneously”(“hot and cold”) functioning nodule. 2. Describe the crucial role of thyroid ultrasound in evaluating the “heterogeneously hot nodule.” 3. Review suspicious sonographic findings of thyroid nodules. Methods In this educational exhibit, we will describe the “heterogeneously hot nodule” via illustrative cases with correlating sonographic findings; to determine if the scinitigraphically cold portion of the nodule corresponds to cystic/hemorragahic or solid components sonographically and if further workup is needed. Results A scinitigraphically “hot”nodule is defined as nodular focus on thyroid scan that has greater radiotracer accumulation with or without suppression of the extranodular thyroid parenchyma. It is not well described in the literature or nuclear medicine textbooks that a “hot” thyroid nodule can be homogenously or heterogeneously functioning (“hot and cold”) on scintigraphy. The workup of a “heterogeneously hot nodule” is dependent on correlating the “cold portion” of the nodule with sonographic findings. If the cold portion of the nodule correlates with cystic change, as described in ATA thyroid guidelines 2009, then the nodule is most consistent with benign hyperfunctioning nodule with cystic/hemorrhagic degeneration (concordant findings). If the cold portion of the “heterogeneously” functioning nodule corresponds to a solid component (discordant findings), further work up is dependent on the ultrasound characteristics of the nodule. The suspicious findings on thyroid ultrasound are microcalcifications, irregular margins (infiltrative, microlobulated, or spiculated), markedly hypoechoic echotexture, and shape taller than wide on transverse image and suspicious central and lateral neck lymphadenopathy. There have been some case reports in the literature describing the association of the hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule and carcinoma; which seemingly has a very low incidence. The possible different associations of the hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule and carcinoma are as following: 1) The coexistence of carcinoma and hyperfunctioning nodule in the same gland but at different locations; 2) The carcinoma located within the hyperfunctioning adenoma itself; 3) The nodule itself represents a hyperfunctioning carcinoma. Conclusions When interpreting thyroid scintigraphy, it is crucial to evaluate whether a hot thyroid nodule is homogeneously or heterogeneously functioning. If a nodule is heterogeneously functioning (hot and cold portions), it is vital to correlate with ultrasound to determine if the cold portion of the nodule scintigraphicaly corresponds to solid or cystic/hemorragahic areas on sonography.
A mixed methods analysis of student experiences in diverse teams

This work-in-progress research paper describes the initial findings of research on students' attitudes about diversity in first-year engineering teams. We used quantitative pre- and post-survey data and qualitative interviews with student teams to understand students' initial attitudes about diversity and teaming and how those were affected by engineering teaming experiences over a semester. The qualitative and quantitative data analyses interact throughout the project's iterations, with each informing the other. Here, we review the progress made through in-depth qualitative analysis when compared to survey data about changes in variance of students' attitudes towards teaming. By using an iterative mixed methods approach, we are able to explore the subtle distinctions in students' attitudes and experiences affecting diverse teaming experiences. In this paper, we will detail this iterative process and how it has produced more nuanced findings than a particular research paradigm alone.
Non-invasive characterization of hemodynamics in adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients soon after return of spontaneous circulation.

Abstract Background Little is known about hemodynamics in adult, out-of-hospital (OHCA) patients following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). A 1994 study when “high-dose epinephrine” use was common showed consistently elevated systemic vascular resistance (SVR) lasting ≥6 h in 49 adult patients after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Study aim To characterize hemodynamic abnormalities in adult OHCA patients soon after ROSC. Our hypothesis was that, unlike the consistently high SVR values reported when “high-dose” epinephrine was in common use, there would be a more heterogenous distribution of SVR values using current adrenergic therapy. Methods We included adult, OHCA patients transported by paramedics to the Emergency Department (ED) post-ROSC. Children, prisoners, pregnant women, and those with ongoing CPR or arrest due to traumatic injury were excluded. Hemodynamics were recorded non-invasively as soon as feasible after ED arrival but were not used to influence therapy, which was guided by clinical judgment of treating ED physicians. Results Hemodynamics were recorded on 30 patients 20 [16,25] minutes after ED arrival: 50% had a normal SVR, 30% had a high SVR, and 20% had a low SVR. There was no difference in survival to admission among groups, although there was a difference among groups in survival to discharge. Comparing the low SVR group vs the combined normal and high group revealed a trend for fewer 0/6 (0%) low vs. 10/24 (42%) normal or high SVR patients surviving to hospital discharge (p = .053). Conclusion A heterogeneous range of hemodynamic states exist post-ROSC rather than consistent vasoconstriction. Adequately powered, randomized clinical trials will be needed to determine whether noninvasively-derived, hemodynamic-directed therapy can play a role in improving neurologically-intact survival following OHCA in adults.
TRAUMA, CHEST | Subcutaneous Emphysema

Subcutaneous emphysema describes the presence of gas in subcutaneous tissue. It has several known causes, among them anaerobic infections, traumatic disruption of mucosal surfaces, and alveolar rupture. Diagnosis is characterized by the presence of crepitation on palpation over the affected area and radiographic evidence of gas in the subcutaneous tissues. The pathogenesis relates to the tracking of gas along fascial planes into the subcutaneous space of the neck, chest, or extremities. Therapy of subcutaneous emphysema itself is generally supportive and involves the treatment of the underlying condition, as subcutaneous emphysema is usually self-limited and benign. However, the appearance of subcutaneous emphysema often warrants a search for more serious underlying pathology such as pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or tracheobronchial or esophageal disruption.
Centered Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator on the real line: Lower bounds

Abstract For 1 p ∞ and M the centered Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator on R , we consider whether there is some e = e ( p ) > 0 such that | | M f | | p ≥ ( 1 + e ) | | f | | p . We prove this for 1 p 2 . For 2 ≤ p ∞ , we prove the inequality for indicator functions and for unimodal functions.
Platelet Secretion Defect Associated With Impaired Liberation of Arachidonic Acid and Normal Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation

We describe four patients with impaired platelet aggregation and 14C-serotonin secretion during stimulation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine, collagen, and platelet-activating factor. The response to arachidonic acid was normal in all patients with regard to aggregation and in three of the four with regard to 14C-serotonin secretion. The total platelet adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ADP content and the ATP to ADP ratio was normal in all patients, thereby excluding storage pool deficiency as the cause of the secretion defect. Studies with 3H-arachidonic acid-labeled platelets revealed that the thrombin-induced liberation of arachidonic acid from membrane-bound phospholipids was impaired in these patients. Further, platelet thromboxane B2 production, measured using a radioimmunoassay, was diminished during stimulation with ADP and thrombin, but was normal with arachidonic acid, indicating that the oxygenation of arachidonic acid was normal and that the diminished thromboxane production was due to a defect in the liberation of arachidonic acid. Release of arachidonic acid is mediated by phospholipases that are Ca++ dependent. To examine whether these patients may have a defect in making intracellular Ca++ available, another Ca++-dependent process, myosin light chain phosphorylation, was studied during thrombin stimulation. Platelets from three of the patients were found to behave the same as normal ones, suggesting that the deficiency in phospholipase activity may not be due to impaired Ca++ mobilization. Our studies demonstrate a novel group of patients with platelet secretion defects associated with impaired liberation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids. These patients exemplify a congenital defect, other than deficiencies of cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase, by which thromboxane production may be impaired in platelets.
Coordination of internal olefins, specifically fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), by transition metals

Structural and kinetic studies of several Cp′Ru(CO)(L)(η-olefin) complexes, where Cp′ = Cp (η-C5H5) or Cp* (η-C5Me5) and olefin = methyl oleate (18:1), cis-3-hexene, trans-3-hexene, or 1,4-pentadiene, were undertaken to determine the orientation and binding ability of the olefin. The X-ray structure of CpRu(CO)(PPh3)(cis-3-hexene) shows that in the solid state the olefin C=C double-bond is orientated parallel to the Cp ring and the ethyl group substituents are pointed up and away from the PPh3 ligand, presumably due to the steric bulkiness of the PPh3. The H and C NMR spectra for the complexes containing trans-3-hexene show that the olefin is rotating rapidly around the metal-olefin bond based on the equivalence of the methyl groups on the olefin, which would appear inequivalent if the olefin were not rotating. Kinetic studies of the substitution of the olefin by PPh3 in Cp′Ru(CO)2(η-olefin) complexes show that the lability of 18:1 and cis-3-hexene are similar. An increase in olefin lability is seen on replacing cis-3-hexene with trans-3-hexene and Cp with Cp*. Both changes increase the rate of olefin dissociation due to increases in steric crowding between the Cp′ ligand and the olefin. Substitution of CpRu(CO)2(η-trans-olefin), where olefin = trans-3-hexene, trans-2pentene, trans-3-octene, trans-4-octene, or trans-5-decene, by incoming ligands (L) results in the formation of CpRu(CO)2(L) and the release of both trans-olefin and cis-olefin. Some of the more effective substituting ligands that favor the release of cis-olefins are parasubstituted pyridine derivatives, which react with CpRu(CO)2(trans-3-hexene) to give cis/trans ratios of 3-hexene that increase with the basicity of the amine: CF3(18/82) < H(67/33) < CH3(74/26) < CH3O(76/24). Several factors influence the amount of cis-olefin
Guaranteeing local differential privacy on ultra-low-power systems

Sensors in mobile devices and IoT systems increasingly generate data that may contain private information of individuals. Generally, users of such systems are willing to share their data for public and personal benefit as long as their private information is not revealed. A fundamental challenge lies in designing systems and data processing techniques for obtaining meaningful information from sensor data, while maintaining the privacy of the data and individuals. In this work, we explore the feasibility of providing local differential privacy on ultra-low-power systems that power many sensor and IoT applications. We show that low resolution and fixed point nature of ultra-low-power implementations prevent privacy guarantees from being provided due to low quality noising. We present techniques, resampling and thresholding, to overcome this limitation. The techniques, along with a privacy budget control algorithm, are implemented in hardware to provide privacy guarantees with high integrity. We show that our hardware implementation, DP-Box, has low overhead and provides high utility, while guaranteeing local differential privacy, for a range of sensor/IoT benchmarks.
A New and Facile Route Using Electride Solutions To Intercalate Alkaline Earth Ions into Graphite

A series of new ternary graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) containing alkaline earth metal cations (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and ethylenediamine (en) are reported. These GICs are deep blue to green in color and can be prepared as phase-pure compounds by the direct reaction of graphite powder with the metal in liquid en at mild temperatures (25–100 °C) under an inert atmosphere. X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses were employed to determine the structural and compositional details. [Mg2(en)2.0]C26 and [Ba2(en)2.0]C34 can be obtained as stage-1 GICs with gallery expansions of 0.55 and 0.46 nm, respectively, indicating the presence of intercalate monolayers with en cointercalates oriented perpendicular to the encasing graphene layers. Reactions with Ca and Sr metals form [Ca(en)2.0]C26 and [Sr(en)2.0]C22, which are stage-1 GICs with intercalate bilayers and gallery expansions of 0.76 nm. Titration indicates that each metal intercalate is associated with a 2-electron reduction process. Details on the effec...
Research on detection technology of wire clamp on overhead lines

Several kinds of widely used detection technology of wire clamp on overhead lines were introduced. Although infrared temperature measurement technology can detect the overheating defects of the clamp, it is difficult to ensure the effectiveness of on-site testing due to the environmental factors, the accuracy of testing instruments, and the experience of test personnel. X-ray inspection technology can accurately measure the exact size of the steel core without damaging the wire, and find the problem of poor crimping of the clamp. According to the field test, the typical clamp defect spectrum of X-ray inspection was listed in this study. It could effectively improve the hydraulic quality detection efficiency of the strain clamp in field work. A method was proposed, to judge the inside corrosion condition of the strain clamp, and to evaluate the current conduction capability, by detecting the current on the clamp and the wire.
NGOMICS-WF, a Bioinformatic Workflow Tool for Batch Omics Data Analysis

In recent years, high throughput next generation omics data have been broadly used in many research fields. However, analyzing omics data is still very challenging, especially for researchers with less experience in bioinformatics, software, and programming. Omics data analysis workflows usually are composed of many processes involving different software tools that demand different compute resources. So, it is often difficult to perform a full workflow in an automated way, despite that many computational tools and resources are available. Here I present NGOMICS-WF, a lightweight workflow tool for batch omics data analysis. This workflow tool has been used in several projects. It can assist researchers to configure and run workflows for various types of omics data on Linux computers or Linux computer clusters. The software package is available from https://github.com/weizhongli/ngomicswf. In addition to the workflow tool, several pre-configured workflows that were tested and published are also available in the package. These pre-configured workflows can be directly used or be used as templates to configure new workflows to analyze metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, RNA-seq and 16S data.
Uniform Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching for Ultra-High-Aspect-Ratio Microstructures on Silicon

Recently, uniform metal-assisted chemical etching (UMaCE) has been demonstrated as an effective wet etch method for fabrication of deep trenches and holes on silicon (Si). However, attempts to achieve higher aspect ratio by UMaCE was not successful because etching in random directions was observed. In this paper, the etching uniformity in UMaCE is systematically studied at different etching solution composition and catalyst configuration. The surface chemistry evolution of Si during etching is characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water contact angle, and electrical impedance spectroscopy. Based on the data, the reaction kinetics is analyzed, which shows that an electropolishing-type charge transport and a higher amount of oxide species on Si surface help mitigate the random etching behavior and effectively promote the aspect ratio of the etching with uniformity. Under the rationalized condition, uniform trenches with width of $2~\mu \text{m}$ and aspect ratio of 120:1 is successfully fabricated by UMaCE. [2018-0212]
Abstract 184: Hyperglycemia Enhances Pro-inflammatory Properties of Macrophage-derived Exosomes to Drive Hematopoiesis in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mouse

Background and Purpose: Diabetes is recognized to enhance the frequency and severity of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown that hyperglycemia is associated with e...
Epistemologies of the archive: toward a critique of archival reason

This article explores epistemological bases for debates over the nature of archival research and practice, and argues that the lens of historical epistemology helps us best understand the critiques of the so-called “archival turn” as well as continued interest in archives among the public. Close reading of the rise of “scientific” history in the nineteenth century and modern archival practice, as articulated in early twentieth-century archival manuals, offers a new theorization of principles like provenance, respect des fonds, and custody, as well as historians’ “archive stories,” as part of an overarching though usually unspoken epistemology of archives rooted in intellectual project of the German philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey to create an epistemological foundation of the human sciences. Following this line of inquiry, it suggests that we can reconceptualize the rise of archival research, the development of the modern archival profession, and the critiques of these trends through the so-called “archival turn” and the post-custodial era of archival practice as shifts that were not just methodological in character but also epistemological. Ultimately, approaching the history of archives through the framework of epistemology helps us make sense of new critiques and continued interest in archives. Despite a growing chorus of acknowledgement of archives’ constructed nature, the instinct that documents provide access to the past with some kind of evidentiary value leads toward the value imbued into archives by professionals and the public alike and their continual contestation.