cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using skin texture change to design emotion expression in social robots

We evaluate the emotional expression capacity of skin texture change, a new design modality for social robots. In contrast to the majority of robots that use gestures and facial movements to express internal states, we developed an emotionally expressive robot that communicates using dynamically changing skin textures. The robot's shell is covered in actuated goosebumps and spikes, with programmable frequency and amplitude patterns. In a controlled study ( $n=139$ ) we presented eight texture patterns to participants in three interaction modes: online video viewing, in person observation, and touching the texture. For most of the explored texture patterns, participants consistently perceived them as expressing specific emotions, with similar distributions across all three modes. This indicates that a texture changing skin can be a useful new tool for robot designers. Based on the specific texture-to-emotion mappings, we provide actionable design implications, recommending using the shape of a texture to communicate emotional valence, and the frequency of texture movement to convey emotional arousal. Given that participants were most sensitive to valence when touching the texture, and were also most confident in their ratings using that mode, we conclude that touch is a promising design channel for human-robot communication.
Reprogramming Cells to Make Insulin

Type 1 diabetes is a disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-secreting β-cells in the pancreas. Individuals are treated for this disease with lifelong insulin replacement. However, one attractive treatment possibility is to reprogram an individual's endogenous cells to acquire the ability to secrete insulin, essentially replacing destroyed β-cells. Herein, we review the literature on the topic of reprogramming endodermal cells to produce insulin.
The Election Day: Fear, Exclusion, and Persecution Come Together

Blatant rigging, although one of the riskiest strategies, has remained one of the most effective manipulating mechanisms among non-democratic regimes around the world. This was on full display in the 2018 Bangladesh election. This chapter, drawing on press reports and personal narratives of journalists and polling agents of different political parties, has documented the events of election day, December 30, 2018. The scenes of day included absence of opposition activists on the streets, and the barring of polling agents from entering the poling centers. The Election Commission, well before the election, delayed permission to the international observers, practically ensuring no monitoring. The chapter provides a case study of one seat where the pre-election and election day manipulation strategies came together.
Cumulative Impact of Environmental Pollution and Population Vulnerability on Pediatric Asthma Hospitalizations: A Multilevel Analysis of CalEnviroScreen.

The CalEnviroScreen created by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Sacramento, USA, is a place-based dataset developed to measure environmental and social indicators that are theorized to have cumulative health impacts on populations. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which the composite scores of the CalEnviroScreen tool are associated with pediatric asthma hospitalization. This was a retrospective analysis of California hospital discharge data from 2010 to 2012. Children who were hospitalized for asthma-related conditions, were aged 0–14 years, and resided in California were included in analysis. Rates of hospitalization for asthma-related conditions among children residing in California were calculated. Poisson multilevel modeling was used to account for individual- and neighborhood-level risk factors. Every unit increase in the CalEnviroScreen Score was associated with an increase of 1.6% above the mean rate of pediatric asthma hospitalizations (rate ratio (RR) = 1.016, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.014–1.018). Every unit increase in racial/ethnic segregation and diesel particulate matter was associated with an increase of 1.1% and 0.2% above the mean rate of pediatric asthma, respectively (RR = 1.011, 95% CI = 1.010–1.013; RR = 1.002, 95% CI = 1.001–1.004). The CalEnviroScreen is a unique tool that combines socioecological factors and environmental indicators to identify vulnerable communities with major health disparities, including pediatric asthma hospital use. Future research should identify mediating factors that contribute to community-level health disparities.
The 2005 Riots in France

The case study comprises six sections. The first section will present the background and context of the 2005 riots. The second section will present a chronology of the October–November 2005 riots and the third section will discuss the police response. The fourth section of the case study provides a critique of the police response and the fifth section briefly discusses the main operational problems that became apparent while the critique of the police response was being examined. The conclusions drawn from the examination will be presented in the final section.
Effects of weak disorder on two-dimensional bilayered dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

Abstract We investigate properties of two-dimensional bilayered dipolar Bose condensed gases in a weak random potential with Gaussian correlation at zero temperature. Here the dipoles are oriented perpendicularly to the layers and in parallel/antiparallel configurations. We calculate analytically and numerically the condensate depletion, the one-body density-matrix, and the superfluid fraction in the framework of the Bogoliubov theory. Our analysis not only provides fascinating new results do not exist in the literature but also shows that the intriguing interplay between the disorder, the interlayer coupling and the polarization orientation may lead to localize/delocalize the condensed particles results in the formation of glassy/superfluid phases. For a pure short-range interaction and a vanishing correlation length and a small interlayer distance, we reproduce the seminal results of Huang and Meng. While for a vanishing interlayer distance, our results reduce to the those obtained for single layer systems.
Microbial Diversity of the Hell Creek Watershed at the Tri-Faith Community in Nebraska, Based on 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing.

ABSTRACT Hell Creek’s watershed is a historically important native land area located in Omaha, Nebraska, that includes Hell Creek and an adjacent flood plain. This initial microbial analysis showed that even though samples were isolated from the same watershed area, there were significant differences between the creek itself and the nearby pond.
Why indigenous languages matter for mathematics education: a case study of Ichishkíin

This article describes the initial work and next steps for the development of a mathematics curriculum in Ichishkiin, an Indigenous Yakama language. Framed by the Ichishkiin concept of pinak’inut’awaas (mirror/window), our work seeks to answer the following questions: How are mathematical concepts represented in Yakama culture, and how is Yakama culture reflected in mathematical concepts? How can we respectfully and reflectively craft new Ichishkiin words to express mathematical concepts not reflected in Yakama culture? This is decolonizing work, and joins a growing body of Culturally Sustaining and Culturally Reviving Pedagogies, which center teaching and learning on the lived experiences of students while critiquing culture for the ways it both sustains and diminishes. Given the dominant nature of mathematical culture, a key tenet of our project is privileging Yakama culture and the development of Ichishkiin language. We discuss the values and respect that are foundational to our ongoing collaboration to craft curriculum.
A naturalist response to Kingma’s critique of naturalist accounts of disease

Elselijn Kingma maintains that Christopher Boorse and other naturalists in the philosophy of medicine cannot deliver the value-free account of disease that they promise. Even if disease is understood as dysfunction and that notion can be applied in a value-free manner, values still manifest themselves in the justification for picking one particular operationalization of dysfunction over a number of competing alternatives. Disease determinations depend upon comparisons within a reference class vis-a-vis reaching organism goals. Boorse considers reference classes for a species to consist in the properties of age and sex and organism goals to comprise survival and reproduction. Kingma suggests that naturalists are influenced by value judgments and may rely upon implicit assumptions about disease in their choice of reference classes and goals to determine which conditions are diseased. I argue that she is wrong to claim that these choices cannot be defended without arguing in a circular manner or making certain arbitrary or value-driven judgments.
Orientation mapping of graphene using 4D STEM-in-SEM

Abstract A scanning diffraction technique is implemented in the scanning electron microscope. The technique, referred to as 4D STEM-in-SEM (four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy in the scanning electron microscope), collects a diffraction pattern from each point on a sample which is saved to disk for further analysis. The diffraction patterns are collected using an on-axis lens-coupled phosphor/CCD arrangement. Synchronization between the electron beam and the camera exposure is accomplished with off-the-shelf data acquisition hardware. Graphene is used as a model system to test the sensitivity of the instrumentation and develop some basic analysis techniques. The data show interpretable diffraction patterns from monolayer graphene with integration times as short as 0.5 ms with a beam current of 245 pA ( 7 . 65 × 1 0 5 incident electrons per pixel). Diffraction patterns are collected at a rate of ca. 100/s from the mm to nm length scales. Using a grain boundary as a ‘knife-edge’, the spatial resolution of the technique is demonstrated to be ≤ 5 . 6 nm (edge-width 25 % to 75 %). Analysis of the orientation of the diffraction patterns yields an angular (orientation) precision of ≤ 0 . 1 9 ∘ (full width at half maximum) for unsupported monolayer graphene. In addition, it is demonstrated that the 4D datasets have the information content necessary to analyze complex and heterogeneous multilayer graphene films.
Wounded Healers: Tribulations and Triumphs of Pioneering Psychotherapists

Freud was addicted to cocaine and nicotine, Jung was psychotic for several years, and Margaret Mead remained closeted throughout her lifetime. Yet, adversities notwithstanding, they all made monumental contributions that still shape our view on ourselves and the world. This book includes biographies of fifteen modern explorers of the mind who altered the course of history. All of them were wounded healers who made great discoveries while struggling with traumatic life crises and emotional problems in their personal lives. Full of unexpected twists and turns, their life stories alone are worthy of our attention. In linking their maladies with their creativity, showing the vulnerable and human side of these giants, this book makes the greats approachable and illuminates their scientific findings through narrating their life stories.
Real-Time Optogenetics System for Controlling Gene Expression Using a Model-Based Design.

Optimization of engineered biological systems requires precise control over the rates and timing of gene expression. Optogenetics is used to dynamically control gene expression as an alternative to...
Historical and contemporary perspectives on the development of analytical music therapy Training

Introduction: analytical music therapy (AMT) is an international model of music therapy that is an integral part of advanced training for music therapists. AMT training entails the study of music p...
CRISPRpas: Programmable regulation of alternative polyadenylation by dCas9

ABSTRACT Well over half of human mRNA genes produce alternative polyadenylation (APA) isoforms that differ in mRNA metabolism due to 3’ UTR size changes or have variable coding potentials when coupled with alternative splicing. Aberrant APA is implicated in a growing number of human diseases. A programmable tool for APA regulation, hence, would be instrumental for understanding how APA events impact biological processes. Here, using a catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9), we developed a method, named CRISPRpas, to alter cleavage and polyadenylation site (PAS) usage in 3’ UTRs or introns. We present key features that facilitate CRISPRpas, including targeting DNA strand, distance between PAS and targeting sequence, and strength of the PAS. For intronic PAS, we additionally analyze strengths of 5’ splice site and target location in intron. Our analyses implicate a dynamic competition between PAS usage and nascent RNA decay when RNA polymerase II elongation is blocked. We show modulation of APA of multiple endogenous genes including a gene that contains a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that affects APA in the human population. CRISPRpas expands the CRISPR toolkit for perturbation of gene expression.
Development of mPing-based activation tags for crop insertional mutagenesis

Modern plant breeding increasingly relies on genomic information to guide crop improvement. Although some genes are characterized, additional tools are needed to effectively identify and characterize genes associated with crop traits. To address this need, the mPing element from rice was modified to serve as an activation tag to induce expression of nearby genes. Embedding promoter sequences in mPing resulted in a decrease in overall transposition rate; however, this effect was negated by using a hyperactive version of mPing called mmPing20. Transgenic soybean events carrying mPing-based activation tags and the appropriate transposase expression cassettes showed evidence of transposition. Expression analysis of a line that contained a heritable insertion of the mmPing20F activation tag indicated that the activation tag induced overexpression of the nearby soybean genes. This represents a significant advance in gene discovery technology as activation tags have the potential to induce more phenotypes than the original mPing element, improving the overall effectiveness of the mutagenesis system.
A Preliminary Assessment of the Impact of Scan Length on ICA Dimensionality & Network Features

An important practical question, given various sources of noise in resting-state blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images, is how much data to acquire to get identifiable and stable independent component analysis (ICA) networks in MRI scans. In this study, we investigate how ICA dimensionality, stability of the estimated independent components, and the spatiotemporal features of the extracted networks are affected by scan length. Our results show that the length of scan clearly influences the network dimensionality, peak voxel location of the spatial maps, spectral power, and functional network connectivity (FNC). Using minimum description length criteria and entropy-rate based order selection, we observed that the dimensionality decreased as the scan length decreased from 12 to 2 minutes. In addition, due to decreased dimensionality in shorter scans, some networks such as the ventral attention and subcortical networks could not be extracted. But the networks that could be identified in shorter scans including the default-mode, salience, and self-referential networks were stable (cluster quality index Iq > 0.8). Kurtosis of time-courses and spatial maps, as well as the spectral parameters (the dynamic range and fractional of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation; fALFF), and FNC also changed with the scan length with shorter scans having lower values. Consequently, scan length choice can have a significant impact on the of ICA-based restingstate fMRI studies. Future studies using larger sample sizes are warranted to further assess the implications of the scan length and data size on ICA outcome measures and reliability.
Breastfeeding Is Inversely Associated with Allostatic Load in Postpartum Women: Cross-Sectional Data from Nationally Representative US Women.

Background The postpartum period is a critical transition period when exposures to protective factors such as breastfeeding can have long-lasting health impact. Studies have suggested downregulating effects of breastfeeding on stress biomarkers such as cortisol but have not explored the way breastfeeding interacts with allostatic load, a multisystem indicator of chronic stress. Objective We aimed to examine the association between breastfeeding and maternal allostatic load among women within 2 y postpartum using nationally representative data. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 10 waves of data from the NHANES (1999-2018) was conducted in a sample of 1302 women aged ≥18 y who provided information on breastfeeding through the reproductive health questionnaire. Clinical and empirical allostatic load scores (range: 0-10; higher numbers associated with increased risk) were derived for each participant based on 10 biomarkers reflecting metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune health. Multiple linear regression tested associations between breastfeeding and allostatic load, adjusting for maternal age, race and ethnicity, education, poverty level, and survey wave. Results Breastfeeding had a significant inverse association with allostatic load in unadjusted and adjusted models. Controlling for age, race and ethnicity, education, poverty level, and survey wave, breastfeeding women had a 0.36-point lower clinical allostatic load score than nonbreastfeeding women (β = -0.36, SE = 0.11; 95% CI: -0.59, -0.14; P = 0.002) and a 0.44-point lower empirical allostatic load score (β = -0.44, SE = 0.15; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.14; P = 0.005). Conclusions Our study suggests that breastfeeding is protective of maternal stress and provides a more comprehensive picture of breastfeeding's influence on multiple body systems, exemplifying physiological benefits beyond effects on single biomarkers. However, limitations of cross-sectional data and non-classification of breastfeeding duration, mode, and intensity should be considered when interpreting these findings, and further research to address the role of breastfeeding and allostatic load is needed.
Testosterone effects on mares during synchronization with altrenogest: FSH, LH, estrous duration and pregnancy rate.

Twelve mares fed altrenogest for 14 d were used to study the effects of a single injection of testosterone propionate on concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) during diestrus, and to relate the normal and perturbed patterns of FSH secretion to subsequent estrous characteristics and fertility. Seven of 12 mares received testosterone propionate at 200 micrograms/kg of body weight on d 5 of progestogen feeding. Mares were teased and blood samples were drawn daily; all mares were artificially inseminated at the first estrus after progestogen treatment. Testosterone propionate treatment caused a 50% reduction in concentration of FSH in plasma within 24 h, and this effect persisted through 48 h after injection. Within 4 d after the suppression of FSH secretion, concentrations of FSH rebounded and were significantly elevated compared with control values during the last 4 d of progestogen feeding. Testosterone propionate at this dosage also elicited estrous behavior in five of seven treated mares within 24 h after injection. After withdrawal of progestogen feeding, the interval to onset of estrus, duration of estrus, and magnitude of the luteinizing hormone peak were similar between groups (P greater than .05). Six of seven treated mares and three of five control mares became pregnant to breeding on the first estrus after progestogen treatment. Because manipulation of the normal pattern of FSH secretion during diestrus did not affect estrous characteristics or fertility of the subsequent estrus, such treatment may have potential as a means of synchronizing FSH surges during diestrus in the mare.
Strategic Bundling of Development Policies with Adaptation: An Examination of Delhi's Climate Change Action Plan

A growing number of cities in the global South are taking proactive action on climate change. Their plans provide insights into the potential for strategically bundling long-term development policymaking with the climate agenda. In this article I study the case of Delhi, the first city in India to adopt a climate change action plan. Drawing on the literature on urban ecological security, I examine: (1) the adaptation challenges that Delhi faces; (2) the multiple motivations that underlie early action; (3) the key actors, strategies, and associated action domains outlined in the plan; and (4) the extent to which the plan seeks to bring about systemic change. Proactive action at the city level serves multiple strategic goals. Delhi's case is significant in illustrating how it has leveraged emergent opportunities to advance its short-term development agenda, given the tight fiscal constraints and governance challenges it faces. The plan has been strategically formulated to enhance competiveness, facilitate image-building, garner support for pet projects and access alternative sources of funding. But the short-term orientation of the plan and its limited mechanisms for citizen engagement have severely restrained its capacity to address underlying social vulnerabilities or bring about transformative change.
Monitoring and Measuring Drug Effects. II. Behavioral, Emotional, and Cognitive Effects

This chapter surveys methods of assessment that have been and can be used by practitioners clinically for assessing drug effects. The authors have assumed that most practitioners will have limited resources, and therefore decisions had to be made in choosing two or three of the best approaches for assessing a given behavior or function. This does not mean that there are not other good tests and scales available—simply that a line had to be drawn to offer clinicians a practical number of alternatives. While the emphasis is on the practitioner’s need, hopefully the information presented will also aid in clinical trials and the interpretion of their results.
Effects of arylene diimide thin film growth conditions on n-channel OFET performance

A series of eight perylene diimide (PDI)- and naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based organic semiconductors was used to fabricate organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) on bare SiO2 substrates, with the substrate temperature during film deposition (Td) varied from 70–130 °C. For the N,N′-n-octyl materials that form highly ordered films, the mobility (µ) and current on-off ratio (Ion/Ioff) increase slightly from 70 to 90 °C, and remain relatively constant between 90 and 130 °C. Ion/Ioff and µ of dibromo-PDI-based OFETs decrease with increasing Td, while films of N,N′-1H,1H-perfluorobutyl dicyanoperylenediimide (PDI-FCN2) exhibit dramatic Ion/Ioff and µ enhancements with increasing Td. Increased OFET mobility can be correlated with higher levels of molecular ordering and minimization of film morphology surface irregularities. Additionally, the effects of SiO2 surface modification with trimethylsilyl and octadecyltrichlorosilyl monolayers, as well as with polystyrene, are investigated for N,N′-n-octyl dicyanoperylenediimide (PDI-8CN2) and PDI-FCN2 films deposited at Td = 130 °C. The SiO2 surface treatments have modest effects on PDI-8CN2 OFET mobilities, but modulate the mobility and morphology of PDI-FCN2 films substantially. Most importantly, the surface treatments result in substantially increased Vth and decreased Ioff values for the dicyanoperylenediimide films relative to those grown on SiO2, resulting in Vth > 0.0 V and Ion/Ioff ratios as high as 108. Enhancements in current modulation for these high-mobility, air-stable, and solution-processable n-type semiconductors, should prove useful in noise-margin enhancement and further improvements in organic electronics.
The Biasing Effect of Random Bit Errors on Binary Telemetry Data

Random bit errors that occur in PCM data during the various phases of the telemetry-data-processing system will not only add a component of mean square error to the experimental data but will also bias it. This paper derives a formula for the bias and describes some of the characteristics of the bias.
Ventricular tachycardia associated with lacosamide co-medication in drug-resistant epilepsy

We report a case of sustained ventricular tachycardia following the initiation of lacosamide as adjunctive epilepsy treatment. A 49-year-old male with intractable frontal lobe seizures experienced severe ventricular tachycardia following the addition of 400 mg lacosamide to his existing regimen of carbamazepine, lamotrigine, clonazepam, and valproate. The tachycardia occurred during a cardiac stress test; stress tests prior to initiation of lacosamide were normal. Conduction defects, including QRS prolongation, persisted during hospitalization until lacosamide was discontinued. The patient had no prior history of cardiac arrhythmia but did possess cardiac risk factors, including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and low heart rate variability. This case represents one part of a growing body of literature suggesting a link between arrhythmia and use of lacosamide, which enhances slow inactivation of sodium channels in both the brain and the heart. We believe further study may be necessary to assess the safety of lacosamide in epilepsy patients with cardiac risk factors.
A Comparative Study of a Novel AE-nLMS Filter and Two Traditional Filters in Predicting Respiration Induced Motion of the Tumor

Prediction of tumor motion is one of the important steps in active tracking of tumor and dynamic delivery of radiation dose to tumor. In this paper, we have presented a novel adaptive acceleration-enhanced normalized least mean squares (AE-nLMS) prediction filter based on the adaptive normalized least mean squares (nLMS) filter with predicted acceleration and ratio between the real and predicted acceleration taken into account. We have compared the performances of nLMS, artificial neural network (ANN), and AE-nLMS filter for predicting the respiration motion during normal and irregular respiration. The results revealed that the ANN filter has the best performance in the prediction of normal respiration motion, whereas the AE-nLMS filter outperformed other filters in the prediction of irregular respiration motion.
NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS (NEC) ASSOCIATED WITH AND WITHOUT ROTAVIRUS INFECTION (RVI): A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION. |[dagger]| 1794

Objective We previously reported that NEC may be associated with RVI (Pediatr Res.1995; 37: 299A). The present study evaluates the clinical differences between NEC associated with RVI (NEC+RVI) and NEC without RVI(NEC-RVI). Methods Neonates with signs of gastrointestinal disturbances and sepsis were investigated for NEC and RVI prospectively for 4 years. Rotavirus was tested by ELISA and EM. NEC was categorized into 3 stages using Bell's criteria. Results 89 neonates with NEC, 44 associated with RVI and 45 without RVI were identified. Birth weight, gestational age, race, and day of onset of disease (DOD) did not differ significantly in both groups. Both groups showed inverse relation between DOD and gestational age(NEC+RVI, r=.5, p=.007; NEC-RVI, r=.6, p=<.0001). Abdominal distention and bloody stools were the most common signs in both groups. As stages II and III are “definite NEC” and Stage I is “suspect NEC”, their frequencies were also analyzed separately (χ2 p=.003).Conclusion NEC associated with RVI is of significantly less severe form with less mortality than NEC associated with other factors. However, the frequencies of surgical interventions for stage III do not differ significantly between the two groups (Funded by Dean's Grant).Table
Comprehension and the interpretation of proverbs

The comprehension of proverbs was investigated in a series of four experiments. These experiments used unfamiliar proverbs like “Thick ice and thin ice look the same from a distance.” Experiments I–III compared reaction time latencies for literal and figurative uses of the proverbs after paragraphs of two lengths. In all three experiments, the longer paragraphs facilitated comprehension of the proverbs and figurative uses of the proverbs were understood more rapidly than literal uses. In the final experiment, literal uses of the proverbs were understood more rapidly than figurative uses when the proverbs followed single word cues.
Relativistic Collisions of Highly-Charged Ions

The physics of elementary atomic processes in relativistic collisions between highly-charged ions and atoms or other ions is briefly discussed, and some recent theoretical and experimental results in this field are summarized. They include excitation, capture, ionization, and electron-positron pair creation. The numerical solution of the two-center Dirac equation in momentum space is shown to be a powerful nonperturbative method for describing atomic processes in relativistic collisions involving heavy and highly-charged ions. By propagating negative-energy wave packets in time the evolution of the QED vacuum around heavy ions in relativistic motion is investigated. Recent results obtained from numerical calculations using massively parallel processing on the Cray-T3E supercomputer of the National Energy Research Scientific Computer Center (NERSC) at Berkeley National Laboratory are presented.
Characterization of an alanine racemase gene from Lactobacillus reuteri.

An alanine racemase gene from Lb. reuteri was cloned by using degenerate oligonucleotides corresponding to conserved regions derived from several bacterial alanine racemases. The protein is 375αα in length and shows 63.6% homology to the Lb. plantarum alanine racemase. Unlike the single alanine racemase activity found in Lb. plantarum, deletion of the Lb. reuteri alanine racemase reveals a second activity, which is inhibited by β-chloro-D-alanine.
Counterinsurgency in Afghanistan: Comparing Canadian and Soviet efforts

After a decade of bloodshed and suffering, the western-sponsored coalition in Afghanistan led by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has failed to win the “hearts and minds” of locals. Th...
Subcellular Origin of Cholinergic Transmitter Release from Mouse Brain

Samples of minced mouse forebrain were treated in a way that resulted in a high ratio of false cholinergic transmitter (acetylhomocholine) to true transmitter (acetylcholine) in a synaptic vesicle fraction, and a low ratio of false to true transmitter in the nerve terminal cytoplasm. The spontaneous release of cholinergic transmitters from this minced tissue occurred independently of calcium and had a ratio of false to true transmitter similar to that of the cytoplasm, whereas the evoked transmitter release required calcium and had a ratio of false to true transmitter similar to that of the vesicular fraction.
Implications of small scale variation in ecological conditions for the diet and density of red colobus monkeys

In this 3-year investigation we documented patterns of density, diet, and activity of red colobus monkeys (Procolobus tephrosceles) in six areas in or near Kibale National Park, Uganda and related these patterns to availability of food resources. There were large differences in the density and behavior of the red colobus among the sites. For example, the red colobus at one site with a diverse plant community of more than 61 tree species, had a diet that included at least 42 species. In contrast, at a second site red colobus spent 92% of their feeding time eating from one species that dominated the tree community. The density of important red colobus food trees varied among sites from 32 trees/ha to 204 trees/ha, and red colobus density ranged from 0.70 groups/km2 to 7.41 groups/km2. Among sites, red colobus density was related to the cumulative DBH of important food trees, when one apparently anomalous site was excluded, and populations with more plant species in their diets tended to be those that were found at higher densities. Activity budgets of the red colobus populations varied markedly among sites. For example, feeding time ranged among sites from 29 to 55%, and traveling varied from 5 to 20%. When faced with increased foraging demands, red colobus reduced the time spent resting, while the time spent socializing remained fairly constant. Comparative socioecological studies typically contrast species separated by large geographical distances to ensure there is sufficient variation in the environment to detect behavioral responses. The marked differences in ecological conditions and red colobus behavior we documented over short geographical distances, suggests that small-scale contrasts are a useful tool to examine ecological determinants of behavior and community structure.
Being Where Our Faculty Are: Emerging Technology Use and Faculty Information-Seeking Workflows

Academic libraries frequently consider students’ high usage of certain technologies when deciding what services to offer electronically, but less research has been done on whether faculty also use any of these technologies. This study surveyed faculty at two very different institutions, a liberal arts college and a Research I university, about the technologies they use or might consider using, with a particular focus on information and/or communication-related technologies. The results show that faculty do use many of the technologies that previous studies have associated with students.
Stabilization of Alkaline Phosphatase with Au@Ag2O Nanoparticles

Here, we report that a conductive Au@Ag2O nanoparticle structure significantly enhances the stability of alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) in the presence of the inhibitors urea and l-phenylalanine (Phe). The enzyme/nanoparticle construct is prepared by associating the enzyme with citrate-capped Au particles, and then adding Ag+. UV–vis and XPS spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirm the core@shell structure. AlkP activity was quantified in the presence and absence of the two inhibitors using a time-resolved colorimetric assay. The results indicate that 21% of the initial active AlkP is incorporated into the nanoparticle structure. More importantly, however, the Au@Ag2O core@shell host reduces the inhibitory effect of urea and Phe by factors ranging from 3 to 12, depending on the inhibitor and its concentration, compared to the wild-type enzyme.
1996-97 Global Anthrax Report.

While there is a general decrease in the number of anthrax outbreaks, and thus of human cases, worldwide this is still a disease that is extensively under-diagnosed and under-reported. However, it is now very infrequent to rare in Canada, the United States, and many countries in Europe. An increasing number of countries are now free. At the other extreme, it is a significant problem in West Africa, Spain, Greece, Turkey, Albania, Romania and in Central Asia. In spite of the textbooks, livestock and wildlife deaths do occur, sometimes commonly, without any ‘diagnostic’ extravasation of blood and, if not realised, infected carcasses get recycled into meat and bone meals for feed.
Sexual sadism, psychopathy, and recidivism in juvenile sexual murderers

Juvenile sexual homicide is rare, occurring just 10–15 times a year in the United States. No study addressing how convicted juvenile sexual murderers adjust upon reentering the community exists. A safety concern, given this research gap, is the social movement afoot to abolish life sentences for juvenile offenders. If successful, then more of these offenders will be released back into society. This descriptive study examined: (1) the clinical findings and legal outcomes of 22 sexually homicidal juveniles following arrest; and (2) the relationship between post-incarceration community adjustment and the variables of sexual sadism and psychopathy. All 22 offenders were tried in adult court—59% received one or more life sentences. Conduct disorder, personality disorders, sexual sadism, and psychopathic traits were prevalent. Mean intelligence quotient was 103. Follow-up community recidivism data was available for 11 cases: five (45%) remained free of further convictions for an average of 8.9 years, whereas six (55%) recidivated 4.4 years later on average. Recidivators had higher Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised scores. Three of the six recidivators survived an average of 5.3 years before committing additional sexually homicidal acts (all three had sexual sadism). Thus, 27% of the follow-up group evolved into serial sexual murderers. The remaining three recidivators committed non-sexual offences. These findings have relevance to criminal investigations, courtroom sentencing, and treatment strategies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does provider adherence to a treatment guideline change clinical outcomes for patients with bipolar disorder? Results from the Texas Medication Algorithm Project

Background. Despite increasing adoption of clinical practice guidelines in psychiatry, there is little measurement of provider implementation of these recommendations, and the resulting impact on clinical outcomes. The current study describes one effort to measure these relationships in a cohort of public sector out-patients with bipolar disorder. Method. Participants were enrolled in the algorithm intervention of the Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP). Study methods and the adherence scoring algorithm have been described elsewhere. The current paper addresses the relationships between patient characteristics, provider experience with the algorithm, provider adherence, and clinical outcomes. Measurement of provider adherence includes evaluation of visit frequency, medication choice and dosing, and response to patient symptoms. An exploratory composite 'adherence by visit' score was developed for these analyses. Results. A total of 1948 visits from 141 subjects were evaluated, and utilized a two-stage declining effects model. Providers with more experience using the algorithm tended to adhere less to treatment recommendations. Few patient factors significantly impacted provider adherence. Increased adherence to algorithm recommendations was associated with larger decreases in overall psychiatric symptoms and depressive symptoms over time, but did not impact either immediate or long-term reductions in manic symptoms. Conclusions. Greater provider adherence to treatment guideline recommendations was associated with greater reductions in depressive symptoms and overall psychiatric symptoms over time. Additional research is needed to refine measurement and to further clarify these relationships.
Cardiovascular and electrodermal response patterns in heart rate reactive individuals during psychological stress.

The goal of this research was to examine the cardiovascular and electrodermal response patterns of heart rate reactive and nonreactive individuals to psychological stress. Sixty males were tested while resting, listening to tones, identifying tone patterns, and performing mental arithmetic. Dependent variables were blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and skin conductance responses. Based on the change in HR from baseline to the first minute of mental arithmetic, two extreme reactivity groups of 15 subjects each were formed. Results indicated that HR reactive subjects had higher systolic blood pressure and HR than nonreactives. Reactives showed greater HR lability during all the tasks and a phasic acceleration to tones, while nonreactives showed a deceleration. Finally, comparisons of skin conductance responses indicated that subjects who were nonreactive when measuring HR were more reactive when measuring skin conductance. The HR reactivity seen in these subjects has been linked to predisposition to psychosomatic illness, and the current findings are discussed in that light.
Vertebral Body Bone Mineral Content in Hyperprolactinemic Women

Abstract Hyperprolactinemia with amenorrhea and galactorrhea generally has a benign clinical course without treatment. Prolonged amenorrhea due to early surgical castration or premature menopause is, however, associated with reduced bone mass and increased risk of factures. Previous studies in hyperprolactinemic women suggested an association with decreased cortical bone density. To determine whether hyperprolactinemia is associated with reduced trabecular bone mineral, we studied 13 hyperprolactinemic women and matched normal women by quantitative computed tomographic scans of the vertebral bodies. No patient had taken bromocriptine and one patient had previously unsuccessful transsphenoidal surgery. Each patient was matched with a normal woman on the basis of race, age ±52 weeks, parity, exercise, tobacco use, oral contraceptive (OCP) use, and alcohol use. No subject was currently taking OCPs. Calcium, phosphorus, and protein intakes were estimated from a 3-day diet diary. The mean duration of amenorrhe...
State-to-state and state-to-all-states reactive scattering angular distributions: F + H 2 --> HF + H

How each state-to-state reactive transition determines nonundulatory ''state-to-all-states'' angular distribution has not yet been investigated. Here we present a complete exposure of state-to-state distorted-wave Born-approximation angular distributions in order to examine how the nonoscillatory and backward-peaked state-to-all-states reactive scattering angular distribution occurs.
Use of restricted significance tests in clinical trials: beyond the one- versus two-tailed controversy.

Abstract Whether to use “one-tailed” or “two-tailed” tests for clinical trials is examined in the more general context of restricted tests, developed by J. Neyman. This is complimented by a discussion of theoretical work of Savage and Bahadur. It is concluded that all tests of statistical significance have to be “restricted” in some sense and that failure to recognize the restrictions implied by “standard” methods of analysis can have a negative effect on the ability to detect treatment effects of new drugs in phase II and early phase III clinical trials.
Effect of relining method on dimensional accuracy of posterior palatal seal. An in vitro study.

Purpose: The posterior palatal seal contributes to the retention of the complete denture. Distortion of this area can occur during reline procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of various denture relining methods and materials on the maxillary posterior palatal seal area. Materials and Methods: A stainless steel cast was constructed from a maxillary edentulous cast. Fifty identical complete dentures were fabricated on 50 definitive casts made from the original metal cast. Five relining methods and materials were evaluated during this study, in regards to posterior palatal seal distortion: (I) laboratory conventional heat-polymerizing method (Lucitone), (II) laboratory heat/pressure-polymerizing method (SR-Ivocap), (III) laboratory autopolymerizing method (Perm), (IV) chairside autopolymerizing method (Tokuso Rebase), and (V) chairside light-polymerizing method (Astron). The dimensional changes of the posterior palatal seal areas were determined by placing a low-viscosity silicone impression material between the metal cast and the tissue surface of the relined dentures. The silicone thickness was measured at five predetermined points, under a measuring microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, and Student-Newman-Keuls tests (α= 0.05). Results: The gap at the posterior palatal seal area ranged from 68.76 to 331.55 μm, when measured at the five predetermined points. Group IV exhibited the smallest mean gap (137.62 μm) and Group I revealed the largest mean discrepancy (192.35 μm). The different relining methods and materials presented statistically significant differences (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The chairside autopolymerizing method exhibited smaller gap recordings than the rest of the tested complete denture relining methods.
Factors Influencing Methionine Toxicity in Young Bobwhite Quail

Abstract Young Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were fed low and adequate protein purified diets with and without excess methionine to evaluate factors affecting methionine toxicity. Growth of quail fed an adequate protein (27%) diet, without supplemental glycine, was depressed by 1.75% and 2.25% excess methionine. Supplemental glycine (.3%) alleviated growth depression caused by 2.25% excess methionine. Quail fed 1.75% and 2.25% excess methionine developed signs of toxicity characterized by weakness, a lowered, outstretched neck when moving, and ataxia. In addition, quail would fall on their sides when disturbed and spin with their heads retracted. These conditions were transient in nature. Growth of quail fed a low protein (18.9%) diet was depressed by 1% and 1.5% excess methionine and DL-homocystine. Quail fed 1% and 1.5% excess methionine in this diet also developed signs of toxicity, the incidence of which was greater and the duration longer than occurred with quail fed adequate protein. Supplementing a low protein (20.15%) diet with .3% or .6% glycine or threonine or a combination of these amino acids did not alleviate growth depression caused by 1.5% excess methionine; however, 2% and 3% supplemental glycine were somewhat effective. Supplements of glycine (2%, 3%) and threonine (1%) completely reversed growth depression from 1% excess methionine but did not influence growth of controls, indicating that both amino acids counteract methionine toxicity. Both glycine and threonine alone improved growth by about the same extent in diets with 1% or 1.5% excess methionine; however, these amino acids alleviated less than 30% of the growth depression resulting from 1.5% excess methionine. The effectiveness of glycine in alleviating methionine toxicity in a low protein diet was decreased, and hemoglobin levels were depressed with 1.5% excess methionine compared to less amounts.
Hereditary Pancreatitis: Report of a Kindred

Abstract The natural history of hereditary pancreatitis has been outlined and another family is presented with this rare disease. In our patient a complicating pancreatic pseudocyst evolved during hospitalization. The development of the pseudocyst and its subsequent course after drainage has been illustrated by serial roentgenograms. Hereditary pancreatitis can be differentiated from other causes of pancreatitis in childhood, and the management of this disease has been indicated.
The maternal and zygotic control of development by cinnamon, a new mutant in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract A genetic analysis of the X -linked mutant cinnamon ( cin ) in Drosophila melanogaster demonstrates that this locus controls a process that is essential for zygote survival. Survival of a zygote is shown to be ensured by either the maternal expression of the cin + allele or by the presence of a cin + allele in the zygotic genome. The cin locus is also shown to affect pteridine pigment metabolism. The presence of a cin + allele in either the mother or zygote is requisite for normal zygotic eye pigmentation. It is shown that cin flies lack xanthine dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in pteridine metabolism, and accumulate the enzyme's pteridine and purine substrates. The relationship between the effects of cin on viability and xanthine dehydrogenase activity is discussed.
Chemical reduction of a diimide based porous polymer for selective uptake of carbon dioxide versus methane

A diimide based porous organic polymer (POP) post-synthetically reduced with lithium metal demonstrates a drastic increase in selectivity for carbon dioxide over methane.