cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with health discussion network size and composition among elderly recipients of long-term services and supports.

Social networks play an important role in helping older adults monitor symptoms and manage chronic conditions. People use verbal discussions to make sense of symptoms, determine their seriousness, and decide whether to seek medical care. In this study, problem-specific social networks called health discussion networks (HDNs) are examined over time among older adults receiving long-term services and supports (LTSS). Data were gathered from older adults who had recently moved into a nursing home (NH) or assisted-living facility (ALF) or who had started to receive home- and community-based services (H&CBS). LTSS recipients identified people with whom they discussed symptoms or disease information, talked over what their physician said, and considered consulting other health-care providers. Data were analyzed for 216 adults with Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) baseline scores of 20 or higher, and these individuals were interviewed quarterly over a 12-month period. Generalized estimated equations (GEE) we...
On the similarity of centered operators to contractions

In this paper we show that every power-bounded operator-weighted shift with commuting normal weights is similar to a contraction. As an application of this result, we reduce the problem of whether every centered powerbounded operator is similar to a contraction to the analogous question about quasi-invertible centered operators.
School Construction and Waste Diversion: An Interorganizational Perspective:

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore reducing, reusing, and recycling materials during a demolition, renovation, and construction project at a Vermont public school site. Participants included school district representatives, architects, builders, trades-people, end-use marketers, and solid waste specialists, with each of the participants representing a different perspective of school construction. The study underscored potential changes other participants could adopt that might lead to increasing the total capacity of school construction stakeholders to divert solid waste materials from the waste stream. Themes studied included (a) valuing waste diversion, (b) building infrastructure capacity, (c) balancing cost-effectiveness with strategies, and (d) communicating strategies and obstacles. In particular, the study identified activities currently used and obstacles to solid waste diversion efforts.
Unimolecular elimination of HF and HCl from chemically activated CF3CFClCH2Cl.

The unimolecular reactions of CF 3CFClCH 2Cl molecules formed with 87 kcal mol −1 of vibrational energy by recombination of CF 3CFCl and CH 2Cl radicals at room temperature have been characterized by the chemical activation technique. The 2,3-ClH and 2,3-FH elimination reactions, which have rate constants of (2.5 ± 0.8) × 10 4 and (0.38 ± 0.11) × 10 4 s −1, respectively, are the major reactions. The 2,3-FCl interchange reaction was not observed. The trans (or E)-isomers of CF 3CFCHCl and CF 3CClCHCl are favored over the cis (or Z)-isomers. Density functional theory at the B3PW91/6-31G(d′,p′) level was used to evaluate thermochemistry and structures of the molecule and transition states. This information was used to calculate statistical rate constants. Matching the calculated to the experimental rate constants for the trans-isomers gave threshold energies of 62 and 63 kcal mol −1 for HCl and HF elimination, respectively. The threshold energy for FCl interchange must be 3−4 kcal mol −1 higher than for HF e...
Assessing the relative impacts of economic education scholarship : an application of the Harzing database

Despite the rising prominence of economic education scholarship, little work has been done to document how economic education scholarship is faring in the academic world. Unlike prior research in this genre, this study assesses the relative impacts of economic education scholarship by examining published research in (strictly) economic education journals. In order to do so, we use the Harzing database of citations to articles published in (strictly) economic education journals from 1990 to the present. Supporting some of the measures found in prior research, we find that the Journal of Economic Education (JEE) is unambiguously the dominant source of influential scholarship in the field of economic education. Interestingly, the JEE's closest competitors among active economic education journals are the International Review of Economics Education and Computers in Higher Education Economics Research, both of which are published under the auspices of the Economics Network, which is located in the UK. Following these two journals in our ranking is the Journal of Economics and Finance Education, a relatively new journal launch.
Automated-mode radius measurement using the variable aperture method in the far field

The mode radius, a measure of the size of the LP01 mode, is considered an important parameter to specify and control in the manufacture of single-mode optical fibers. Of primary interest is the parameter's direct relationship to splice loss.
Middle School Bullying as a Context for the Development of Passive Observers to the Victimization of Others

SUMMARY School bullies create a climate of fear and intimidation that may affect not only those students who are the direct targets of the bullying but also the secondary victims (i.e., those students who witness the victimization of peers). Results from a survey of New Jersey middle school students indicate that eighth graders were significantly more indifferent to bullying and less sympathetic to victims than fifth graders. Older students were also more likely to identify themselves as outsiders and bully's assistants in bullying situations. In the absence of bullying prevention programs, witnesses to peer aggression become less willing to intervene on behalf of victims and more indifferent to the distress of the victim. The implications of these findings for the prevention of bullying and the achievement of civic responsibility are discussed.
Electron transfer reaction rates and equilibria of the carbonate and sulfate radical anions

Abstract Electron transfer reactions of the carbonate radical anion with azide, bromide, and hypochlorite ions have been studied by pulse radiolysis. From the equilibrium Br.-2 + CO2-3 ⇆ 2Br- + CO.-3 and the known redox potential for Br.-2/2Br- = 1.62V vs NHE we derive E = 1.59V for CO.-3/CO2-3. From this value and the equilibrium CO.-3 + ClO- ⇆ CO2-3 + ClO. we derive E = 1.41V for ClO./ClO-. The equilibrium reaction SO.-4 + Cl- ⇆ SO2-4 + Cl. was studied by laser photolysis, by using 248 nm excitation of S2O2-8 to produce SO.-4 and examining the rate of reaction of this radical with Cl- in the presence of varying concentrations of SO2-4. By modeling the reactions taking place in this system, we derive the rate constant for the reaction of Cl. with SO2-4 (2.5 × 108dm3mol-1s-1 at 0.1 mol dm-3 ionic strength), and from the known rate constant for reaction of SO.-4 with Cl- (4.7 × 108dm3mol-1s-1 at the same ionic strength) we derive the equilibrium constant. From the known redox potential for Clf.-2/Cl- = 2.41V we derive E = 2.43V for SO.-4/SO2-4.
Leach rate studies on glass containing actual radioactive waste

Borosilicate glass containing radioactive wastes from the Savannah River Plant have been leached for 900 days. The International Standards Organization's (ISO) static leach test procedure was used on glass buttons in various leachants. Leach rates based on /sup 90/Sr and /sup 137/Cs analyses were similar: 2 x 10/sup -8/ to 3 x 10/sup -8/ g/(cm/sup 2/)(d) in distilled water, 1 x 10/sup -8/ to 3 x 10/sup -7/ g/(cm/sup 2/)(d) in pH 7 buffer, 3 x 10/sup -7/ to 7 x 10/sup -7/ g/(cm/sup 2/)(d) in pH 9 buffer, and 7 x 10/sup -6/ to 8 x 10/sup -5/ g/(cm/sup 2/)(d) in pH 4 buffer. Rates based on Pu analyses were the same as above in distilled water and pH 9 buffer, but were lower by an order of magnitude in pH 4 and pH 7 buffers. Almost all leach rates remained constant between 200 and 900 days of leaching. Increasing the concentration of the buffering agents had no effect on the leach rates at pH 7 (phosphate) and pH 9 (carbonate), but dramatically increased the rates at pH 4 (acetate). Leach rates did not differ significantly between high aluminum and high iron waste glasses.
Virtually Embedded: Library Instruction within Second Life

Embedded librarianship in distance learning courses taught within virtual environments such as Second Life is an emerging, leading-edge practice. This paper describes the experiences of librarians embedded in undergraduate English composition courses taught entirely in Second Life and presents the results of an empirical research study to assess the effectiveness of Second Life library instruction. Information literacy competencies and confidence levels of students did not improve significantly with the introduction of course-embedded librarian instruction and support. The authors discuss the unique challenges of “virtual embedding” and consider possible ways to improve librarian effectiveness in Second Life.
A bone grafting technique in reconstructive joint arthroplasty.

Abstract A technique of creating of cement model of large osseous defects to use in carving bone grafts in total joint arthroplasties is presented. The benefits of making bulk grafts in this way include: (1) less settling; (2) stability of the grafts for prosthetic fitting; (3) increased contact between the graft and host, enhancing incorporation of the graft.
Functionally-distinct proton-binding in HERG suggests the presence of two binding sites.

HERG (Human ether-a-go-go-related gene) potassium channels are crucial for cardiac action potential repolarization. HERG channels are also found in neuronal and tumor cells. The effect of pH0 on HERG is of clinical significance because of changes in pH during myocardial ischemia, inflammation, and respiratory alkalosis. We present evidence for the presence of multiple proton binding sites in HERG. Extracellular protons bind rapidly and reversibly to affect both activation and deactivation. However, these effects occur in two distinct pH0 ranges. The deactivation rate has a pKa of 6.76±0.02 compared to pKa of 5.50±0.02 for changes in current suppression, which suggests the presence of at least two proton binding sites on HERG with functionally distinct properties.
Finite mixtures in confirmatory factor-analysis models

In this paper, various types of finite mixtures of confirmatory factor-analysis models are proposed for handling data heterogeneity. Under the proposed mixture approach, observations are assumed to be drawn from mixtures of distinct confirmatory factor-analysis models. But each observation does not need to be identified to a particular model prior to model fitting. Several classes of mixture models are proposed. These models differ by their unique representations of data heterogeneity. Three different sampling schemes for these mixture models are distinguished. A mixed type of the these three sampling schemes is considered throughout this article. The proposed mixture approach reduces to regular multiple-group confirmatory factor-analysis under a restrictive sampling scheme, in which the structural equation model for each observation is assumed to be known. By assuming a mixture of multivariate normals for the data, maximum likelihood estimation using the EM (Expectation-Maximization) algorithm and the AS (Approximate-Scoring) method are developed, respectively. Some mixture models were fitted to a real data set for illustrating the application of the theory. Although the EM algorithm and the AS method gave similar sets of parameter estimates, the AS method was found computationally more efficient than the EM algorithm. Some comments on applying the mixture approach to structural equation modeling are made.
The Clergy, the Clinician, and the Narrative of Violent Death

When death of a loved one occurs, humans use stories as a way of processing their grief and releasing their emotional attachment. In the case of traumatic and violent death, the story telling process is distorted, and focuses intensely and sometimes obsessively, on a often fantasized reenactment of the dying. Violent dying grief is often complicated further by the public and legal processes that surround violent death. The bereaved who get stuck in this dynamic may constitute a new psychiatric diagnosis called “prolonged grief disorder” and the author describes the criteria for this disorder. Clergy can play a key role in stabilizing and meditating the effects of trauma by inviting the bereaved to refocus their story telling, to a story of the loved one’s life. In a case the author illustrates many of the techniques used in this process of working with a prolonged grief disorder.
A SIMPLE ECONOMETRIC MODEL OF THE AUSTRALIAN ECONOMY

Econometric models can be designed to serve any or all of three purposes; to increase understanding of the structure and of the underlying characteristics of an economy, to aid in forecasting, and to help evaluation of policy measures. The model described in this paper was specifically designed for the first purpose, but it is useful for forecasting, and gives some help in judging quantitatively the likely effects of fiscal policy changes—it is no help at all in evaluating monetary policy. The model was designed to give insight into the nature of the post-war Australian economy. In 1961 this economy came of age, as it were, in experiencing its first independent slump.1 Yet, apart from hunches based on casual empiricism, our knowledge of its dynamic characteristics is slight. Is it an economy which, in the absence of outside shocks or constant vigorous government action, is itself naturally buoyant with strong growth forces? Is its structure such to produce cyclical fluctuations about an upward trend, or is it in itself a stagnant economy needing constant government measures to keep it on the upward path? The model presented here is intended to help answer these and similar questions. The answer that the model suggests is set out in detail in Section IV. Briefly it is that the Australian economy is a “Harrod type” economy. There is a critical rate of growth, approximately 3½ per cent. per annum, of real gross national product which corresponds to Harrod’s warranted rate of growth. When gross national product grows at a faster rate than this, there is a strong tendency towards constantly increasing rates of growth, and the consequent inflationary pressures once full employment is reached.
Soft lithography contacts to organics

Organic materials play an increasingly important role in (opto)electronics, particularly in low-cost or flexible devices. A major challenge is the contact between the electrodes and the organic material. Processes developed for inorganic semiconductors are inapplicable because of the sensitivity of organic materials to heat, radiation, and chemicals. Deposition of metal(s) through shadow masks onto organic materials is commonly used, despite problems with ill-controlled interfaces and material damage. In addition, conventional approaches restrict device size to >1 μm. Clearly, a better technique is needed. In this article, two soft lithography methods for making contacts to organic materials are reviewed: nanotransfer printing (nTP) and soft-contact lamination (ScL). These new approaches produce devices that outperform those made by conventional methods. The link between better device performance and better interfacial control is explained, and nanoscale devices are described.
Hurricane driven changes in land cover create biogeophysical climate feedbacks

[1] Hurricanes can devastate thousands of hectares of forested area producing changes beyond simply vegetation damage and biomass loss. This study reports changes in regional climate associated with Hurricane Rita which made landfall on the Gulf Coastal Plain on September 24th, 2005. Results demonstrate that over severely disturbed forested areas, biogeophysical effects produced by Rita created anomalous precipitation patterns, with a decrease in precipitation the following winter, and an increase during the subsequent summer season. The dominant biogeophysical effect was a change in albedo caused by ∼14,000 km2 of disturbed forested area (downed and dead, snapped and structurally damaged trees) from Rita, equivalent to a committed carbon release of 32 to 43% of the net annual U.S. sink in forest trees. As recent studies project a likely increase in hurricane intensity during the 21st century, understanding the potential impact of forest damage from hurricanes on regional climate is important.
Reversal of the Effects of a Night Interruption in Lemna by Inhibitors of Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis

The inhibition of flowering of Lemna perpusilla Torr. strain 6746 caused by a light break can be partially reversed by treatment with actinomycin D or 2-thiouracil. Actinomycin D is most active in reversing the response to a light break if the inhibitor is present in the fronds at the time the light break is administered.
Selective Endothelial Dysfunction in Porcine Coronary Artery Produced by Incubation in Cell Culture Medium in vitro

The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of in vitro incubation on contraction and endothelium-dependent relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Incubation of porcine coronary artery rings in cell culture medium for 20-22 hrs selectively enhanced maximal 5-HT contraction without affecting KCI (50 mM) or U46619 (30 nM)-induced contraction. Incubation in cell culture medium selectively impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation to 5-HT, while not affecting endothelium-dependent relaxation to bradykinin, indicating a lack of endothelial damage or denudation. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase with L-NAME (100 μM) also selectively inhibited 5-HT-mediated relaxation, suggesting that in vitro incubation produced an impairment in receptor-mediated NO release. Contraction to L-NAME (100 μM) was less in incubated porcine coronary artery rings compared to fresh tissue, suggesting that basal NO release was impaired, as well. Incubated rings were not impaired but supersensitive in their ability to ...
Treatment issues for women with epilepsy

Epilepsy affects over one percent of the population, including nearly one million women of childbearing potential. Women with epilepsy represent a particularly challenging group for neurologists and other health care professionals. Affected women are unaware of many of the unique issues they face, including the relationship between antiepileptic drug therapy and contraception, the risk of abnormal pregnancy outcomes, the effect of hormones and aging on seizure control, and the increased incidence of reproductive dysfunction. Worldwide educational efforts are underway to educate women and their physicians of these deficiencies.
Cotranslational Protein Integration into the ER Membrane Is Mediated by the Binding of Nascent Chains to Translocon Proteins

During cotranslational protein integration into the ER membrane, each transmembrane (TM) segment moves laterally through the translocon to reach the lipid bilayer. Photocrosslinking studies reveal that a particular surface of each nascent chain TM α helix and signal-anchor sequence always faces Sec61α in the translocon. This nonrandom and TM sequence-dependent positioning reveals that each TM segment makes specific contacts with Sec61α and is retained at a fixed location within the translocon, observations that are best explained by the binding of each TM sequence to a translocon protein(s). Since TM sequence hydrophobicity does not correlate with its rate of release from the translocon, nascent chain movement through the translocon appears to be mediated primarily by protein-protein interactions rather than hydrophobic nascent chain-phospholipid interactions.
Formation of laser-induced SbSI single crystal architecture in Sb–S–I glasses

Abstract We report the successful fabrication of active single-crystal architectures in IR transparent Sb–S–I chalcogenide glasses using a CW 488 nm laser. Electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) results reveal that the focal position of the laser spot with respect to glass surface is of paramount importance to the ability to grow long single crystals. Furthermore, by using a laser irradiated line instead of a spot as the seed for these architectures, overall reproducibility was significantly improved.
Vapor pressure and third-law entropy of ferrocene

Subsequent to Edwards and Kington’s’ use of a third-law entropy ‘;check to show that the rings in the ferrocene (dicyclopentadienyliron) molecule rotate essentially freely about the ring-to-metal bond, new data relevant to the statistical calculation ofthe entropy have appeared and imply the desirability ofperforming the entropy check anew. The frequency assignments of Lippincott and Nelson’ used in evaluating the vibrational entropy of%he moIecule have been superceded by the assignment of Stammreich (reported by Fritz3), and the structural parameters affecting rotational entropies are now available from the electron-diffraction study of Bohn and Haaland4
Laser-glazing low carbon iron fracture samples

Charpy samples of low carbon steel were laser-glazed in the V-notch root, resulting in highly modified fracture properties and radially altered crystal structure. Laser-glazing produced two distinct regions: (a) an inner region, next to the bulk material, which was heated above the austenitic transition temperature, was cooled rapidly, and produced a retained austenitic phase, and (b) an outer region, next to the V-notch surface, which was heated above the melting temperature, cooled more slowly, although still very rapidly, and transformed predominantly into the martensite phase. Instrumented impact testing of laser-glazed samples produced fracture energies and fracture toughness values similar to samples prepared by currently accepted ASTM precracking procedures. Laser-glazing is offered as an alternative to existing procedures as an experimental technique for testing fracture toughness samples and, especially, for testing substandard size samples and hard-to-prepare, fracture toughness materials samples.
A reversal of the Stroop interference effect, through scanning:

Interference on the Stroop test has been explained on the basis of a stronger habit (word reading) interfering with a weaker one (color naming) on an incongruous color-word (CW) card. Since scanning for words is slower (weaker) than scanning for colors, it was predicted that making the Stroop a scanning task would produce more interference with scanning for words rather than colors on the CW card. This prediction was confirmed. In addition, analyses of individual differences offered some support for differential habit-strength theories of Stroop interference. However, differences between the standard and scanning Stroop tests suggested that some kind of information-processing analysis would be more fruitful.
Issues and experimental results in vision‐guided robotic grasping of static or moving objects

Many research efforts have turned to sensing, and in particular computer vision, to create more flexible robotic systems. Computer vision is often required to provide data for the grasping of a target. Using a vision system for grasping of static or moving objects presents several issues with respect to sensing, control, and system configuration. This paper presents some of these issues in concept with the options available to the researcher and the trade‐offs to be expected when integrating a vision system with a robotic system for the purpose of grasping objects. The paper includes a description of our experimental system and contains experimental results from a particular configuration that characterize the type and frequency of errors encountered while performing various vision‐guided grasping tasks. These error classes and their frequency of occurrence lend insight into the problems encountered during visual grasping and into the possible solution of these problems.
Temperature- and field-dependent quantum oscillations in superconductor-normal-metal-superconductor junctions

Fraunhofer oscillations for Josephson junctions have been studied close to the superconducting transition temperature T/sub c/, in order to determine the changes in operating characteristics which might be expected to occur in this regime. Because the superconducting penetration depth lambda/sub s/ diverges as the temperature approaches T/sub c/, the effective area of the junction also increases. This in turn reduces the magnetic field interval of the Fraunhofer oscillations. For d/sub s/ comparable to d/sub n/, the Fraunhofer period drops by about a factor of 2 as the temperature is increased from T = 0 to T/sub c/. A full I/sub c/(B,T) surface has been constructed and one finds that I/sub c/(T) curves at constant B show an oscillatory behavior near T/sub c/. By the proper choice of variables, either B or T can be used to control the Fraunhofer interference patterns in Josephson junctions.
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: whom and when should we transplant?

: To date, the evidence upon which a decision is made to transplant a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia either in first or subsequent remission has rarely been based on randomized trial data. Modern era management of infection and graft-versus-host disease lessens risks but procedure-related deaths still remain higher than with chemotherapy alone. However, disease control appears superior with successful bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The critical need is for international consensus on who is at such great risk of recurrent disease that BMT is required (from no mattter what donor source) and conversely those for whom transplantation is not needed to achieve long-term cure.
Diversity of structural mitral valve alterations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUNDHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by an asymmetrically hypertrophied left ventricle and is regarded as a disease of cardiac muscle.METHODS AND RESULTSTo assess the possib...
Teaching Business Classes Abroad: How International Experience Benefits Faculty, Students, and Institutions

International educational experiences can provide benefits for faculty members as well as higher education institutions and their students. The opportunity to lecture and conduct research with colleagues at universities in other countries can foster the globalization or internationalization of academic teaching, the advancement of knowledge, and cooperation among institutions. Research has shown that the experience abroad helps educators to gain a more global perspective that will enhance business classes. This article will show that a Fulbright experience abroad helps faculty to lead business students to be more knowledgeable and aware of international issues and global concerns.
Improved Accuracy in Dynamic Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurements of Surfactant Enhanced Spreading

Our previously reported quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) method for measuring dynamic wetting on solid substrates has been modified slightly to obtain more accurate spreading rates of aqueous dispersions of nonionic surfactants. Spreading rates are determined from analysis of frequency changes that occur as a result of an aqueous film containing dispersed surfactant spreading radially over the resonator surface following introduction of a small droplet to the center of QCM. The modification involves larger QCM electrodes, which increase the area over which the spreading event is measured compared to previously used smaller electrodes, and a frequency counter capable of more rapid data acquisition. The larger electrodes permit spreading to be measured over a larger area relative to the initial drop size and for longer time, while faster data acquisition provides more data immediately following introduction of the droplet to the QCM surface. This obviates overweighting of data acquired in the later stages of spreading when the aqueous film approaches the electrode edges and advances along the electrode tabs. These wetting rates were corroborated by real-time video microscopy of the wetting processes on identical surfaces. Comparison of the wetting rates on gold electrodes modified with various organosulfur monolayers reveals that the dependence of rates on surface energy is identical for the different electrode sizes, the rates being systematically larger for the larger electrodes.
The heavy element volatility instrument (HEVI)

Abstract We have constructed the heavy element volatility instrument (HEVI), an on-line gas chromatography system which is used to continuously separate halides according to their volatility. Both gaseous HBr and HCl have been used as halogenating agents. The detailed design of the apparatus is described and some preliminary results are presented. The experimental results are compared with those from a Monte Carlo code simulation based on a microscopic model for gas thermochromatography in open columns with laminar flow of the carrier gas. There is good agreement between the experimental results and the simulation.
Test Results for Rotordynamic Coefficients of the SSME HPOTP Turbine Interstage Seal With Two Swirl Brakes

Test results are presented for the HPOTP Turbine Interstage Seal with both the current and an alternate, aerodynamically designed, swirl brake. Tests were conducted at speeds out to 16,000 rpm, supply pressures up to 18.3 bars, and the following three inlet tangential velocity conditions: (1) no preswirl; (2) intermediate preswirl in the direction of rotation; and (3) high preswirl in the direction of rotation. The back pressure can be controlled independently and was varied to yield the following four pressure ratios: 0.4, 0.45, 0.56, and 0.67. The central and simplest conclusion to be obtained from the test series is that the alternate swirl brake consistently outperforms the current swirl brake in terms of stability performance. The alternate swirl brake's whirl frequency ratio was generally about one half or less than corresponding values for the current design. In many cases, the alternate design yielded negative whirl frequency ratio values in comparison to positive values for the current design. The alternate design can be directly substituted into the space currently occupied by the current design. There is no change in leakage performance.
Library Concurrence: Academic Librarians and School Librarians Working Together with Dual Enrollment Students and Faculty

Dual enrollment opportunities, in which high school students take courses for college credit, are popular nationwide and many states, like Indiana, have made it a requirement for public high schools. In the partnership of the college and high schools, one question is, “How can we (academic librarians) meet the needs of dual enrollment students and also the research and information needs of the high school teachers who are now the adjunct college instructors?” Reaching out to librarians in high schools with dual enrollment students, we learned that many of the librarians, students, and instructors alike didn’t realize they had access to all the services and resources their university library offered. This article will explore how we have worked with school librarians to meet the information needs of their students and instructors. Our strategy begins by building upon resources with which school librarians are already familiar. Blending these with university tools for dual credit learners creates a common instructional ground for school and university librarians to jointly address the needs of this growing population of students and instructors. The school librarians have become active partners in sharing with their students and instructors not just the resources of their high school library but the resources of the university library as well. The high school students and their instructors are the beneficiaries of a new world of resources which they may have never accessed otherwise. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
An Interleukin (IL)-10/IL-12 Immunoregulatory Circuit Controls Susceptibility to Autoimmune Disease

Cells of the innate immune system secrete cytokines early in immune responses that guide maturing T helper (Th) cells along appropriate lineages. This study investigates the role of cytokine networks, bridging the innate and acquired immune systems, in the pathogenesis of an organ specific autoimmune disease. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, is widely used as an animal model for multiple sclerosis. We demonstrate that interleukin (IL)-12 is essential for the generation of the autoreactive Th1 cells that induce EAE, both in the presence and absence of interferon γ. The disease-promoting effects of IL-12 are antagonized by IL-10 produced by an antigen nonspecific CD4+ T cell which, in turn, is regulated by the endogenous production of IL-12. This unique immunoregulatory circuit appears to play a critical role in controlling Th cell differentiation and provides a mechanism by which microbial triggers of the innate immune system can modulate autoimmune disease.
CD154 Blockade Results in Transient Reduction in Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus-Induced Demyelinating Disease

Transient CD154 blockade at the onset of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease ameliorated disease progression for 80 days, reduced immune cell infiltration, and transiently increased viral loads in the central nervous system. Peripheral antiviral and autoimmune T-cell responses were normal, and disease severity returned to control levels by day 120.
The Value of Social Media for Small Businesses

ABSTRACT: Companies are implementing social media for marketing, advertising, employee recruitment, and overall communications with employees, clients, and partners. Small businesses are able to gain substantial value from social media but there are also many challenges. In this research, the Technology-Organization-Environment framework, the Resource-Based View theory, and interview data are combined to develop a model of social media usage and value for small businesses. Survey data from small businesses from a variety of industries and geographical locations are collected to validate the model. Results indicate that technology competence, pressure from clients, and characteristics of the mobile environment are significant antecedents of social media usage. The dimensions of social media value—perceived impact on internal operations, marketing, customer service, and sales—are also significant. Implications and avenues for future research are discussed.
A Universal Healthcare System: Is It Right for the United States?

TOPIC. A Universal Health Care System: Is it Right for the United States? The over 45 million Americans who are uninsured speak volumes about the problems with our present healthcare system. Many Americans do not have access to basic health care and it is time to revisit the importance of universal health care for all Americans. PURPOSE. To gain a greater understanding of the facts, figures, and support for universal health care in America. SOURCE OF INFORMATION. A literature review of five research studies. CONCLUSION. The implementation of universal health care in America is a plausible feat, but the support of several facets of society is necessary for this to become a reality.
Is Gender-Biased Language Sexist? A Perceptual Approach

Two studies were conducted to define reactions to gender-biased language empirically. In the first study, respondents evaluated the sexism in a series of sentences that contained no bias, used such...
Interacting duplications, fluctuating selection, and convergence: the complex dynamics of flowering time evolution during sunflower domestication

Changes in flowering time and its regulation by environmental signals have played crucial roles in the evolutionary origin and spread of many cultivated plants. Recent investigations into the genetics of flowering time evolution in the common sunflower, Helianthus annuus, have provided insight into the historical and mechanistic dynamics of this process. Genetic mapping studies have confirmed phenotypic observations that selection on flowering time fluctuated in direction over sunflower's multistage history of early domestication and modern improvement. The FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (FT/TFL1) gene family appears to have been a major contributor in these adaptive shifts. Evolutionary and functional investigations of this family in sunflower provide some of the first empirical evidence that new competitive interactions between recent gene duplications can contribute to evolutionary innovation. Notably, similar results in additional systems that validate this hypothesis are now being discovered. With a sunflower genome sequence now on its way, further research into the evolution of flowering time and its regulation by environmental signals during sunflower domestication is poised to lead to additional, equally important contributions.
Cranial base evolution within the hominin clade

The base of the cranium (i.e. the basioccipital, the sphenoid and the temporal bones) is of particular interest because it undergoes significant morphological change within the hominin clade, and because basicranial morphology features in several hominin species diagnoses. We use a parsimony analysis of published cranial and dental data to predict the cranial base morphology expected in the hypothetical last common ancestor of the Pan–Homo clade. We also predict the primitive condition of the cranial base for the hominin clade, and document the evolution of the cranial base within the major subclades within the hominin clade. This analysis suggests that cranial base morphology has continued to evolve in the hominin clade, both before and after the emergence of the genus Homo.
Queen primer pheromone affects conspecific fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) aggression

Monogyne fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, colony workers are territorial and are aggressive toward members of other fire ant colonies. In contrast, polygyne colony workers are not aggressive toward non-nestmates, presumably due to broader exposure to heritable and environmentally derived nestmate recognition cues (broad template). Workers from both monogyne and polygyne fire ant colonies execute newly mated queens after mating flights. We discovered that monogyne and polygyne queens have a remarkable effect on conspecific recognition. After removal of their colony queen, monogyne worker aggression toward non-nestmate conspecifics quickly drops to merely investigative levels; however, heterospecific recognition/aggression remains high. Queenless monogyne or polygyne worker groups were also not aggressive toward newly mated queens. Queenless worker groups of both forms that adopted a monogyne-derived newly mated queen became aggressive toward non-nestmate workers and newly mated queens. We propose that the powerful effect of fire ant queens on conspecific nestmate recognition is caused by a queen-produced recognition primer pheromone that increases the sensitivity of workers to subtle quantitative differences in nestmate recognition cues. This primer pheromone prevents the adoption of newly mated queens (regulation of reproductive competition) in S. invicta and when absent allows queenless workers to adopt a new queen readily. This extraordinary discovery has broad implications regarding monogyne and polygyne colony and population dynamics.
Viscoelastic analysis of composite rotor for pulsed power applications

The time-dependent properties of a composite can result in a significant change of stress and strain profiles in a rotating component over a period of time, which is critical in terms of machine performance and durability. A viscoelastic analysis has been developed to investigate creep and stress relaxation in a multilayered composite cylinder subjected to rotation. The analysis accounts for layer-by-layer variation of material properties, composite fiber orientations, temperature, and density gradients through the thickness of cylinders. A closed-form solution based on the corresponding elastic problem is derived for a generalized plane strain state in a thick-walled multilayered cylinder. A Laplace transform is then applied to obtain the numerical solution of the viscoelastic problem. The paper illustrates the derivation of the analytical model and solution procedure. The analysis can be used to investigate the creep behavior of rotating machines constructed with multilayered components. Accordingly, the performance of a rotating machine over a period of time can be predicted and improved through machine design and material selection.
Predicting Memory for Childhood Sexual Abuse: “Non-Significant” Findings with the Potential for Significant Harm

In the March 2003 issue of Psychological Science, the flagship journal of the American Psychological Society, Goodman et al. (2003) reported on a prospective study that examined memory for childhood sexual abuse. The authors interviewed adolescents and young adults who had been victims of documented childhood sexual abuse that led to criminal prosecution for the perpetrator. This sample was a subset of those who had previously (approximately
Towards Textile Energy Storage from Cotton T‐Shirts

A simple chemical activation route is developed to convert insulating cotton T-shirt textiles into highly conductive and flexible activated carbon textiles (ACTs) for energy-storage applications. Such conversion gives these ACTs an ideal electrical double-layer capacitive behavior. The constructed asymmetric supercapacitors based on the ACTs and MnO(2)/ACT composite show superior electrochemical performances.
Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forward models.

The classical concept of efference copies in the context of internal forward models has stimulated productive research in cognitive science and neuroscience. There are compelling reasons to argue for such a mechanism, but finding direct evidence in the human brain remains difficult. Here we investigate the dynamics of internal forward models from an unconventional angle: mental imagery, assessed while recording high temporal resolution neuronal activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG). We compare two overt and covert tasks; our covert, mental imagery tasks are unconfounded by overt input/output demands – but in turn necessitate the development of appropriate multi-dimensional topographic analyses. Finger tapping (studies 1-2) and speech experiments (studies 3-5) provide temporally constrained results that implicate the estimation of an efference copy. We suggest that one internal forward model over parietal cortex subserves the kinesthetic feeling in motor imagery. Secondly, observed auditory neural activity ~170 ms after motor estimation in speech experiments (studies 3-5) demonstrates the anticipated auditory consequences of planned motor commands in a second internal forward model in imagery of speech production. Our results provide neurophysiological evidence from the human brain in favor of internal forward models deploying efference copies in somatosensory and auditory cortex, in finger tapping and speech production tasks, respectively, and also suggest the dynamics and sequential updating structure of internal forward models.
A therapeutic strategy against the shared virulence mechanism utilized by both Yersinia pestis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Yersinia pestis, which causes pneumonic plague in healthy individuals, has the potential to be used for biologic warfare. Pseudomonas aeruginosis is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. There is evidence that these two pathogens use a highly homologous virulence mechanism, the type III secretion system. The type III secretion systems of both Yersinia and P. aeruginosa possess a protein named V-antigen which can be used as a target for immunotherapy against bioterrorism and opportunistic infections. This article summarizes the recent progress of V-antigen studies in Yersinia and P. aeruginosa.
New Retroviral Models for Gene Therapy: Swords into Plowshares

Retroviral-mediated gene transfer methods have been used to express the mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) gene in the rat brain and the retinoblastoma (RB) gene in retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma tumor cells. In both cases, transgene expression was accompanied by phenotypic changes in the target cells and organ. Established 208F rat fibroblasts expressing the NGF transgene and secreting active NGF were able to bring about the protection of cholinergic neurons in the fimbria fornix-lesioned rat brain, and retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma cells expressing the RB transgene showed normalized morphology and growth characteristics and failed to produce tumors when implanted into nude mice. These results indicate that genetic modification of appropriate target cells may be useful in the treatment of some CNS disorders and some kinds of cancer.
Conversational profiles of children with ADHD, SLI and typical development.

Conversational indices of language impairment were used to investigate similarities and differences among children with Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), children with Specific Langu...
The effects of eye and limb movements on working memory

Three experiments examined the role of eye and limb movements in the maintenance of information in spatial working memory. In Experiment 1, reflexive saccades interfered with memory span for spatial locations but did not interfere with memory span for letters. In Experiment 2, three different types of eye movements (reflexive saccades, pro-saccades, and anti-saccades) interfered with working memory to the same extent. In all three cases, spatial working memory was much more affected than verbal working memory. The results of these two experiments suggest that eye movements interfere with spatial working memory primarily by disrupting processes localised in the visuospatial sketchpad. In Experiment 3, limb movements performed while maintaining fixation produced as much interference with spatial working memory as reflexive saccades. These results suggest that the interference produced by eye movements is not the result of their visual consequences. Rather, all spatially directed movements appear to have similar effects on visuospatial working memory.
Current surgical considerations for colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States each year. Among men and women, it is the third most common cancer following lung cancer, prostate and breast cancers, respectively. In recent years, It has been estimated that in 2012 there were more than 100,000 new cases of colon cancer and more than 40,000 cases of rectal cancer (1,2). Fortunately, both the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer have declined steadily in the past three decades. This has been largely attributed to more effective screening programs and improvements in treatment modalities (1,2). Surgical resection offers the best chance of achieving cure, but the management of colorectal cancer often requires a multidisciplinary approach, which has been pivotal in achieving better patient satisfaction and outcomes.
Benefits derived from routine testing for milk ketones.

Abstract Ketosis was detected prior to clinical symptoms 69% of the time by using a milk ketone test at weekly intervals. Three-fourths of the cows contracted some disease within 14 days of reacting to positive milk ketone test. Thus, testing milk for ketones could be useful in maintaining general herd health.