cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The first 500: initial experience with widespread use of low-dose ketamine for acute pain management in the ED

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study is to describe the clinical use and safety profile of low-dose ketamine (LDK) (0.1-0.3 mg/kg) for pain management in the emergency department (ED). Methods This was a retrospective case series of consecutive patients given LDK for pain at a single urban ED between 2012 and 2013. Using a standardized data abstraction form, 2 physicians reviewed patient records to determine demographics, indication, dose, route, disposition, and occurrence of adverse events. Adverse events were categorized as minor (emesis, psychomimetic or dysphoric reaction, and transient hypoxia) and serious (apnea, laryngospasm, hypertensive emergency, and cardiac arrest). Additional parameters measured were heart rate and systolic blood pressure. Results Five hundred thirty patients received LDK in the ED over a 2-year period. Indications for LDK were diverse. Median patient age was 41 years, 55% were women, and 63% were discharged. Route of administration was intravenous in 93% and intramuscular in 7%. Most patients (92%) received a dose of 10 to 15 mg. Comorbid diseases included hypertension (26%), psychiatric disorder (12%), obstructive airway disease (11%), and coronary artery disease (4%). There was no significant change in heart rate or systolic blood pressure. Thirty patients (6%) met our criteria for adverse events. Eighteen patients (3.5%) experienced psychomimetic or dysphoric reactions. Seven patients (1.5%) developed transient hypoxia. Five patients (1%) had emesis. There were no cases of serious adverse events. Agreement between abstractors was almost perfect. Conclusion Use of LDK as an analgesic in a diverse ED patient population appears to be safe and feasible for the treatment of many types of pain.
Rational use of local anaesthetics

The judicious use of local anaesthetic agents requires knowledge of the pharmacological properties of the various drugs, technical skill in the performance of the different nerve blocks, and a thorough evaluation of the patient’s clinical status.
Singular Solutions in Second-Order Elasticity

The problems of a concentrated point force in an infinite medium (Kelvin's problem), or applied normal to the boundary of a half-space (Boussinesq's problem), as well as the corresponding problems for a concentrated couple, are solved to second order for incompressible isotropic elastic solids. The solutions are based on a simplified form of the second-order equations, obtained previously, and use of the Love's function representation for axisymmetric problems in the linear theory.
Photoemission and x-ray studies of metal hydrides and hydride formation at metal/hydride interfaces

Abstract Synchrotron radiation photoemission was used to investigate the concentration dependent intensity of hydrogen-induced states for a series of niobium hydrides. These intensities were found to be linearly related to the fraction of β phase hydride present in the sample, as deduced from the bulk phase diagram, and we conclude that fracturing did not produce a self-sustaining surface hydride layer. Photoemission studies of V overlayers on NbH0.799 showed strong hydrogen outdiffusion and the formation of the interface hydride phase which is more stable than VH prepared in bulk form. X-ray diffraction studies of thick V-H overlayers subsequently showed the absence of long-range order. These results demonstrate that interfacial diffusion of hydrogen from NbH0.799 into the V overlayer produced a stable hydride with electronic properties analogous to those of crystalline VH but with dominant local interactions.
Abstract 1328: Evaluation of common genetic variants in 15 colorectal cancer susceptibility loci among African Americans .

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted primarily in populations of European ancestry, have identified multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 15 loci associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Limited studies have been conducted to evaluate the association of these SNPs with colorectal neoplasia risk in African Americans. Methods: We analyzed 19 SNPs within 15 CRC loci in African Americans recruited from two studies, including 206 CRC cases and 1,000 controls from the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS), and 203 colorectal adenoma cases and 461 controls from the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study (TCPS). Logistic regressions were used to derive adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for the associations between SNPs and disease risk. We also performed a meta-analysis including 1,586 cases and 2,956 controls regarding the association of 11 SNPs with colorectal neoplasia risk in African Americans. Results: In the combined analysis of data from the SCCS and TCPS, we found two SNPs (rs10505477 and rs6983267) at 8q24 to be significantly associated with colorectal neoplasia risk (P < 0.05). Two additional SNPs, rs7758229 (SLC22A3) and rs4444235 (14q22), showed marginally significant associations with colorectal neoplasia (P < 0.10). In the meta-analysis including data from this study and two other studies, rs16892766 (8q23), rs6983267 (8q24), and rs7014346 (8q24) were significantly associated with colorectal neoplasia with no evidence of heterogeneity across studies. Conclusions: Genetic variants at 8q23 and 8q24 identified in GWAS conducted in European descendants may also be associated with colorectal neoplasia risk in African Americans. Impact: Findings from this study may be helpful for future studies to fine-map GWAS-identified loci to identify causal variants for CRC. Citation Format: Ben Zhang, Qiuyin Cai, Jirong Long, Guoliang Li, Lisa B. Signorello, Martha J. Shrubsole, William J. Blot, Wei Zheng. Evaluation of common genetic variants in 15 colorectal cancer susceptibility loci among African Americans . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1328. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1328
Heat transfer in the heating region of the optical fiber drawing process

The use and applications of optical fibers have been increased dramatically over the years. A need to improve the quality and increase the yield of optical fibers and optical multifiber systems leads to studies related to the manufacturing process of optical fibers. This paper presents a combination of analytical and numerical work on the thermal analysis of the heating region. During the process various phenomena occur in the heating region: As the glass rod is pulled downward, it stretches and a neckdown shape is formed at its lower end. This stretching affects the air flow patterns in the furnace as well as the heat transfer in the glass and its surroundings. The preform is heated radially by a radiative heater. The radiation effects were taken into consideration. Axial and radial heat conduction, and convective heat transfer from the surface of the preform were also accounted for. A coupled form of the boundary layer equations combined with the conduction equation in the glass was solved considering the above phenomena. The temperature distribution in the glass for various drawing conditions was calculated. The flow patterns in the glass were observed and a sample study of the air flow in the furnace is presented. Also, the shape of the glass preform was evaluated for various drawing parameters.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Eluding the aegis of science: art holography on its own

The juxtaposition of art holography with commercial and science holography in exhibition has threatened to render their boundaries indistinct. Scientific and high-tech imagery hinders the medium's acceptance as art. Artists have turned to traditional modernist concerns to legitimize their place in an art context.
Penetrating fetal trauma with late complications: a case report ☆

Survival after direct penetrating trauma to a fetus is very unusual. Our case below illustrates nonoperative management of a penetrating thoracoabdominal gunshot injury to the retroperitoneum with a late complication arising 15 years after the initial incident.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A=170

Nuclear structure data pertaining to all nuclei with mass number A=170 have been compiled and evaluated, and incorporated into the ENSDF data file. This evaluation supersedes the previous evaluation (Coral M. Baglin, Nuclear Data Sheets 77, 125 (1996), cutoff date October 1995) and subsequent updates of the ENSDF file for Yb (cutoff 17 February 1999), Lu (cutoff 8 October 1998), Pt (cutoff 17 February 1999) and Ta (cutoff 7 April 1998). It includes all literature available by 15 August 2002.
Centers of reduced enveloping algebras

We compute the inverse image of a functional in the Zassenhaus variety. We apply this computation to describe the category of representations for a regular functional.
The effects of formal and acoustic repetition in the Brown-Peterson paradigm

On a given trial in the Peterson and Peterson paradigm, the trigram B, K, T was presented. For one group this same trigram had been presented three trials earlier (exact repetition). For another group the critical item which had preceded the consonant trigram was BEE, KAY, TEA (homophonic repetition). Both groups showed a repetition facilitation significant beyond that of the appropriate control groups. The exact repetition group excelled the homophonic repetition group. Postexperimental questionnaires on awareness of the experimental manipulation did not precisely clarify the results obtained. The data support the view of multiple encoding.
THE BLUE EMISSION FROM CIS‐STILBENES*

— Under irradiation in glassy solution at 77°K cis-stilbene shows a broad emission spectrum with a maximum at about 4180 A. A similar emission is observed from 1,2-diphenyl-cyclopentene. The emission is shown to be fluorescence and is shown not to arise from either phenanthrene or the: intermediate (presumed to be a dihydrophenanthrene) involved in the photooxidation of cis-stilbene to phenanthrene. The observations imply that, at least in a solid matrix, there is a barrier to rotation in the lowest excited singlet. Formation of the cyclic isomer, believed to be a dihydrophenanthrene, occurs on irradiation at room temperature but not at 77°K. Isomerization must provide a path for decay of excited singlets that becomes unavailable at low temperature. The possible general importance of such “chemical” decay mechanisms is discussed.
Geometrical transformation laws of fields in superunified theories

Abstract We present a systematic model-independent method of obtaining off-the-mass-shell transformation laws of fields in superunified theories. The method is applied to pure gravity, gravity coupled to Yang-Mills, conformal gravity, OSp( N ;4) supergravity, and conformal supergravity theories.
Reply to “Theory of the bound magnetic polaron: A physical discussion and a comment”

In the preceding Comment, Dietl et al. mention that the magnetic fluctuations are neglected in the molecular-field approximation (MFA) used in our previous paper on bound magnetic polarons [Phys. Rev. B 27, 2308 (1983)]. To the contrary, we have overestimated these fluctuations, since we assumed that the localized spins remain frozen ferromagnetically inside the polaron even in the paramagnetic regime. As a consequence, we show our results do not reduce to those derived in the MFA. This assumption, we believe, is realistic in magnetic semiconductors, like EuO, where there is experimental evidence that the core region is saturated ferromagnetically even at room temperature, in which case the linear-response formalism and use of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem become irrelevant.
On the transpose of a pseudomonotone matrix and the LCP

Abstract In the study of linear complementary problem, it is known that pseudomonotone matrices belong to the class P 0 ∩ Q 0 . In this note we show that under certain conditions, such as invertibility or normality, the transpose of a pseudomonotone matrix belongs to the class Q 0 .
Epithelial permeability alterations in an in vitro air–liquid interface model of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory upper-airway disease with numerous etiologies. Patients with a characteristic subtype of CRS, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), display increased expression of T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines and antigen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Various sinonasal inflammatory conditions are associated with alterations in epithelial barrier function. The aim of this study was to compare epithelial permeability and intercellular junctional protein expression among cultured primary sinonasal cells from AFRS patients vs noninflammatory controls. Methods: Epithelial cells isolated from paranasal sinus mucosa of AFRS and noninflammatory control patients were grown to confluence on permeable supports and transitioned to air–liquid interface (ALI). Transepithelial resistance (TER) was measured with a horizontal Ussing chamber to characterize the functional permeability of each cell type. After TER recordings were complete, a panel of intercellular junctional proteins was assessed by Western blot and immunofluorescence labeling followed by confocal microscopy. Results: After 12 samples were measured from each group, we observed a 41% mean decrease in TER in AFRS cells (296 ± 89 ohms × cm2) compared to control (503 ± 134 ohms × cm2, p = 0.006). TER deficits observed in AFRS were associated with decreased expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A), and increased expression of a leaky tight junction protein claudin-2. Conclusion: Cultured sinonasal epithelium from AFRS patients displayed increased epithelial permeability and altered expression of intercellular junctional proteins. Given that these cells were not incubated with inflammatory cytokines in vitro, the cultured AFRS epithelial alterations may represent a retained modification in protein expression from the in vivo phenotype. © 2013 ARS–AAOA, LLC.
Antenatal Events Causing Neonatal Brain Injury in Premature Infants

Understanding possible causes of neonatal brain injury is important for perinatal nurses because neonatal brain injury predicts subsequent infant mortality and morbidity in the premature infant. The pathogenesis of the brain injury, germinal matrix/intraventricular hemorrhage and white matter damage, is usually related to a hypoxic event. The hypoxic event may occur in utero, resulting from various conditions, such as maternal infection, maternal alcohol consumption, maternal smoking, placental bleeding disorders, maternal hypercoagulability conditions, metabolic disorders (diabetes and hyperthyroidism), and oligohydramnios. Strategies for prevention beginning before and in pregnancy are needed.
Quantum control and process tomography of a semiconductor quantum dot hybrid qubit

The similarities between gated quantum dots and the transistors in modern microelectronics--in fabrication methods, physical structure and voltage scales for manipulation--have led to great interest in the development of quantum bits (qubits) in semiconductor quantum dots. Although quantum dot spin qubits have demonstrated long coherence times, their manipulation is often slower than desired for important future applications, such as factoring. Furthermore, scalability and manufacturability are enhanced when qubits are as simple as possible. Previous work has increased the speed of spin qubit rotations by making use of integrated micromagnets, dynamic pumping of nuclear spins or the addition of a third quantum dot. Here we demonstrate a qubit that is a hybrid of spin and charge. It is simple, requiring neither nuclear-state preparation nor micromagnets. Unlike previous double-dot qubits, the hybrid qubit enables fast rotations about two axes of the Bloch sphere. We demonstrate full control on the Bloch sphere with π-rotation times of less than 100 picoseconds in two orthogonal directions, which is more than an order of magnitude faster than any other double-dot qubit. The speed arises from the qubit's charge-like characteristics, and its spin-like features result in resistance to decoherence over a wide range of gate voltages. We achieve full process tomography in our electrically controlled semiconductor quantum dot qubit, extracting high fidelities of 85 per cent for X rotations (transitions between qubit states) and 94 per cent for Z rotations (phase accumulation between qubit states).
A mechanistic model for rational design of optimal cellulase mixtures

A model-based framework is described that permits the optimal composition of cellulase enzyme mixtures to be found for lignocellulose hydrolysis. The rates of hydrolysis are shown to be dependent on the nature of the substrate. For bacterial microcrystalline cellulose (BMCC) hydrolyzed by a ternary cellulase mixture of EG2, CBHI, and CBHII, the optimal predicted mixture was 1:0:1 EG2:CBHI:CBHII at 24 h and 1:1:0 at 72 h, at loadings of 10 mg enzyme per g substrate. The model was validated with measurements of soluble cello-oligosaccharide production from BMCC during both single enzyme and mixed enzyme hydrolysis. Three-dimensional diagrams illustrating cellulose conversion were developed for mixtures of EG2, CBHI, CBHII acting on BMCC and predicted for other substrates with a range of substrate properties. Model predictions agreed well with experimental values of conversion after 24 h for a variety of enzyme mixtures. The predicted mixture performances for substrates with varying properties demonstrated the effects of initial degree of polymerization (DP) and surface area on the performance of cellulase mixtures. For substrates with a higher initial DP, endoglucanase enzymes accounted for a larger fraction of the optimal mixture. Substrates with low surface areas showed significantly reduced hydrolysis rates regardless of mixture composition. These insights, along with the quantitative predictions, demonstrate the utility of this model-based framework for optimizing cellulase mixtures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2561–2570. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Classical limit of relativistic positive-energy theories with intrinsic spin

The classical (nonquantum) relativistic differential equations obtained from positive-energy relativistic wave equations in the correspondence limit are analyzed. The essential role of the Majorana representation of SO(3,2) in the known examples is expounded, and a translation of this role into constraints on the classical-limit motion is developed. It is found that the quantum interpretation of these theories in terms of composite models of elementary particles has a natural analog on the classical level. The structural constituents are found to be massless and to undergo a classical Zitterbewegung consisting of a planar corotation whose amplitude and frequency depend on the spin of the quantum state from which the limit was taken. This motion is exactly that which would be described, at the classical level, as the rigid rotation of a massless "string" whose ends achieve the velocity of light. The model serves to define a relativistic, nonquantum intrinsic spin.
Urea reduces the thermal stability of polyanion-treated chromatin.

Abstract The polyanions heparin and polyglutamic acid result in a thermal destabilization of the 78,000g fraction of rat liver chromatin. Urea potentiates this destabilization, especially in combination with polyglutamic acid.
The effect of heat on the ultraviolet spectral properties of tobacco mosaic virus ribonucleic acid complexed with Hg(II)

Abstract 1. 1. The Amax of TMV-RNA complexed with Hg(II) at different molar ratios (r) of Hg(II) per nucleotide at 0 ≤ r ≤ 10.0 was determined as a function of temperature between 25° and 90–95°. 2. 2. The resulting hyperchromicity of the Amax from heating decreased with increasing values of r for 0.25 ≤ r ≤ 1.0. 3. 3. Heating resulted in an initial hypochromicity of the Amax at 0.90 ≤ r ≤ 10.0. This was followed by hyperchromicity as the temperature was raised further. 4. 4. The wavelength of the Amax shortened with increasing temperature at 0.25 ≤ r ≤ 1.0, the amount of shift increasing with increasing values of r. 5. 5. At r = 10.0, the change in chromicity of the Amax from heating was relatively slight and no shift in the wavelength took place under these conditions. 6. 6. These results are interpreted as a heat-induced reversal of the chromicity changes and bathychromic shift of the Amax that takes place as a result of increasing r at room temperature and hence are explained here as a heat-induced dissociation of the Hg(II) from the TMV-RNA. 7. 7. The amount of change in chromicity of the Amax or change in the wavelength shift of the Amax per increment of Hg(II), both at room temperature and under conditions of heating, shows a biphasic distribution with a sharp break in all cases at 0.50 ≤ r ≤ 0.75. Increments of Hg(II) at 1.0 ≤ r ≤ 10.0 have little effect. 8. 8. This biphasic set of reactions is interpreted as the formation of two types of complexes, one, a base-Hg-base, intramolecular, cross-linked, compact structure for 0 , and the other, a single-base-Hg, extended structure for 0.50 with the limit of the latter reaction set at one Hg(II) per nucleotide.
The total economic value of threatened, endangered and rare species: An updated meta-analysis

Abstract This paper updates a 1996 meta-analysis of studies using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to value threatened, endangered and rare species published in this journal by Loomis and White. A variable for studies conducted in or after 1995 was added to the model to test if new studies are systematically different from old studies and identify which explanatory variables influencing willingness-to-pay (WTP) for these species have changed over time. Generally newer studies yielded higher WTP. Variables such as the change in the size of the species population, payment frequency, survey mode, response rate, type of respondent, type of species, and a new variable for whether a species is a ‘charismatic megafauna’ or not, whether the species has use and nonuse value versus nonuse value only and year of the study, were found to significantly influence WTP. This model is used in a benefit transfer example and a comparison of original study estimates and model estimates is made to compare its accuracy. The average within sample benefit transfer error was 34–45%.
Union influences on pay policy: A survey

This article examines how unions influence pay policy in organizations. Viewed from the perspectives of industrial relations and strategic human resource management, unions affect the level, form, structure, and system of pay. Implications for further research are specified.
Objective Analysis in the Tropics: A Proposed Scheme

Abstract The tropical wind field presents some unique problems to an assimilation scheme designed for extratropical latitudes. Foremost among these is the relative increased importance of the divergent component of the upper and lower troposphere. Examination of tropical wind field analyses from conventional assimilation schemes points to some unsatisfactory results. Because of these problems an algorithm is proposed which is intended to handle the rotational and divergent components separately. The divergent component is estimated by transforming satellite-observed outgoing longwave radiation to a velocity potential field. The full analysis is then obtained by statistical optimum interpolation (OI) using a guess field which is an addition of a rotational forecast field with the divergent field estimated above. The scheme is tested against a conventional (single-level) OI scheme for a number of cases selected from the FGGE year. The proposed scheme is shown to perform comparably to the conventional OI sch...
Evaluation of Speed Limits in Kentucky

The objectives were to examine current criteria and procedures used for setting speed limits and to determine appropriate speed limits for various types of roads. The study involved a review of literature, collection and analysis of speed data, and collection and analysis of accident data. The speed data included moving speed data on various highway types and a comparison of speed data before and after speed limit changes. Accident data were collected at locations where speed limits were changed and also on sections of adjacent Interstates with different speed limits. The speed data indicate that a large percentage of vehicle speeds exceed posted speed limits, with the highest percentage being on urban Interstates and two-lane parkways. The speeds for trucks were slightly lower than for cars. A comparison of speed data at locations where speed limits were changed showed only slight differences. A comparison of accident rates at adjacent sections of Interstate where the speed limit was 88.6 km/hr (55 mph) ...
Proposed search for superconductivity in the semiconductor SiTe

It is shown, based on experimental data in the literature, that silicon telluride is a semiconductor with an energy gap of approximately 0.47 eV at 0 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. It is suggested that SiTe is likely to be a superconductor with a transition temperature higher than that of GeTe with the same carrier concentration.
Reliability comparison of GaAlAs/GaAs and aluminum-free high-power laser diodes

Aluminum-free laser diodes are InGaAsP/GaAs devices whose epitaxial layers do not contain aluminum. Studies comparing the GaAslAs/GaAs and InGaAsP/GaAs high power laser diodes allegedly indicate that aluminum-free lasers are more reliable due to a reduction of dark-line defects, sudden failures, and gradual degradation. The improved reliability of aluminum-free lasers is presumed to result from the elimination of oxidation of the aluminum-containing epitaxial layers of the laser facets. In this presentation, the performance and reliability of GaAlAs/GaAs and InGaAsP/GaAs high power laser diodes will be reviewed and compared. The present data shows that high reliable GaAlAs/GaAs lasers can be produced with good manufacturing practices.
Disclosure and the cost of equity in international cross-listing

In this paper, we examine the relationship between disclosure level and the cost of equity capital for a sample of international firms cross-listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Increased disclosure has the potential to reduce information asymmetry, reduce the cost of financing and increase analyst following. Using an international asset pricing model, we find that listing firms experience a decrease in both disclosure risk and systematic risk while matching firms do not. Further, we find that the magnitude of the decrease is related to three types of disclosure: accounting standards; analyst following; and exchange/regulatory investor protection. Our results suggest that increased disclosure through accounting standards is beneficial to investors and that disclosure can be accomplished through information intermediaries, e.g., analyst following. For firms with the lowest levels of disclosure prior to cross-listing, all three types of disclosure appear to be valuable.
Aggregation behaviour of the beetle Ips grandicollis in response to host-produced attractants

Abstract Newly emerged Ips grandicollis males, as well as females, responded to frass produced by males boring in pine phloem tissues. Male frass was produced in greater quantity than female frass and was more attractive to newly emerged females than males. Virgin males produced attractive frass up to 9 days after attacking logs, but the attractiveness of the raw frass decreased after 4 days and after mating. Various environmental and physiological factors influenced the response of male and female beetles to the attractant. The amount of raw frass which evoked the greatest response from beetles was 2·5 × 10 −3 g, whereas extracts of raw frass evoked maximum response at 1 × 10 −6 g. Beetle sex, age, reproductive condition, and nutritional state also influenced response to frass and extracts of frass from virgin and mated males. Beetle attraction to male frass was not sex specific since both sexes responded, but female response was greater than male. The ability of beetles to respond to attractive frass apparently declined with increased age. Newly emerged and unfed beetles 4 days after emergence exhibited a much greater response to raw frass than did fed 4- and 8-day post-emergent beetles.
D3-D7 inflationary model and M theory

A proposal is made for a cosmological D3-D7 model with a constant magnetic flux along the D7 world volume. It describes an $\mathcal{N}=2$ gauge model with Fayet-Iliopoulos terms and the potential of the hybrid P-term inflation. The motion of the D3-brane towards D7 in a phase with spontaneously broken supersymmetry provides a period of slow-roll inflation in the de Sitter valley, the role of the inflaton being played by the distance between D3- and D7-branes. After tachyon condensation a supersymmetric ground state is formed: a D3-D7 bound state corresponding to an Abelian non-linear (non-commutative) instanton. In this model the existence of a non-vanishing cosmological constant is associated with the resolution of the instanton singularity. We discuss a possible embedding of this model into a compactified M-theory setup.
Improved quasi-chemical equation of state based on energy and density fluctuations in the small system grand canonical ensemble

A quasi-chemical (QC) model of one-component fluids is considered that circumvents limitations of traditional QC treatments by incorporating “boundary” interactionsthose interactions that involve molecules both external and internal to the fundamental cells or subvolumes inherent in QC fluid theories. This is achieved by including correlations between the energy and density of the subcells and the surrounding fluid, based on a representation of configurational probabilities within the small system grand canonical ensemble, and motivated in part by the behavior of such correlations observed in molecular simulations of a simple body-centered cubic lattice gas with nearest-neighbor attractions (bcc-LG). Energy and density correlations are included at an athermal level in the present work. The resulting model is found to give significantly improved predictions of the effects of temperature on local density fluctuations compared to the case in which such correlations are neglected, with results in semiquantita...
Probing cII and himA action at the integrase promoter p1 of bacteriophage lambda

Abstract Plasmids were constructed to supply c II-coded protein for activation of the phage promoter p 1 . Using a fusion which expresses lacZ from p 1 , we can accurately follow activation of p 1 without having to assay int activity in vivo. A large excess of c II protein compared to a normal lytic infection stimulates lacZ expression about 10-fold over the basal level. The int -c226 constitutive allele of p 1 is not further activated by c II even though its level of lacZ expression is less than the maximal c II-activated expression from wild type p 1 . A himA -deleted strain also shows activation, demonstrating that there is no absolute requirement for the himA gene product for ell-stimulated transcription at p I .
Primitive atmosphere and implications for the formation of channels on Mars

It is suggested that, if primitive Mars had a reducing atmosphere composed mainly of methane, this atmosphere could be polymerized by solar ultraviolet radiation to produce higher hydrocarbons. These compounds, which would be low-viscosity liquids at present temperatures on Mars, could have contributed to the formation of channels. The Martian atmosphere model used in the analysis is similar to Sagan's (1977), except that ammonia is omitted. Major reactions in this early Martian atmosphere are examined, and the number densities of the lighter alkanes in the lower atmosphere of Mars are determined. Since the photochemical mechanism investigated here would provide only a modest amount of fluid for a comparatively brief period of time (10-100 million years), liquid alkanes would not be the major factor in the formation of the channels, although their derivatives could contribute to the greenhouse effect or depress the freezing point of water.
Extraction of spectroscop1c factors from isobaric analogue resonances with strong inelastic background

Abstract In cases for which the inelastic background is small, the proton partial width for populating an isobaric analogue state by scattering from a particular state of the target (channel) is proportional to the spectroscopic factor for stripping a neutron in the same state of the target to form the parent of the analogue state. The constant of proportionality is the single-particle width. In this paper it is shown that for cases for which the inelastic background is large, then the proton partial width for populating the analogue state is a linear combination of these spectroscopic factors for populating the analogue state through these strongly coupled channels. The matrix which couples the channels is obtained by solving a coupled-channels program for the proton wave function.
Fabrication And Performance Of KTP Optoelectronic Modulators

We have fabricated ion-exchanged potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) Mach Zehnder and phase modulators operating at X = 1.3um and 0.633um. These devices were designed for very high frequency operation with a 3-db modulation bandwidth of greater than 12GHz. Device insertion losses were between 1.5db and 5db with switching voltages (D.C. ) of 10V. Thick (- 3μm) electroplated gold was used to produce low-loss 50Q impedance coplanar strip electrodes. High optical power operation at 0.633um ( -100μW) produced no optical damage effects. Further results such as device stability will be presented at the conference.
Protein Dynamics Associated with Failed and Rescued Learning in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome

Down syndrome (DS) is caused by an extra copy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). Although it is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID), there are, as yet, no effective pharmacotherapies. The Ts65Dn mouse model of DS is trisomic for orthologs of ∼55% of Hsa21 classical protein coding genes. These mice display many features relevant to those seen in DS, including deficits in learning and memory (L/M) tasks requiring a functional hippocampus. Recently, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, memantine, was shown to rescue performance of the Ts65Dn in several L/M tasks. These studies, however, have not been accompanied by molecular analyses. In previous work, we described changes in protein expression induced in hippocampus and cortex in control mice after exposure to context fear conditioning (CFC), with and without memantine treatment. Here, we extend this analysis to Ts65Dn mice, measuring levels of 85 proteins/protein modifications, including components of MAP kinase and MTOR pathways, and subunits of NMDA receptors, in cortex and hippocampus of Ts65Dn mice after failed learning in CFC and after learning was rescued by memantine. We show that, compared with wild type littermate controls, (i) of the dynamic responses seen in control mice in normal learning, >40% also occur in Ts65Dn in failed learning or are compensated by baseline abnormalities, and thus are considered necessary but not sufficient for successful learning, and (ii) treatment with memantine does not in general normalize the initial protein levels but instead induces direct and indirect responses in approximately half the proteins measured and results in normalization of the endpoint protein levels. Together, these datasets provide a first view of the complexities associated with pharmacological rescue of learning in the Ts65Dn. Extending such studies to additional drugs and mouse models of DS will aid in identifying pharmacotherapies for effective clinical trials.
Molecular characterization of the mouse Fas ligand promoter in airway epithelial cells.

Constitutively expressed Fas ligand in several distinct epithelial cell types appears to protect tissues by inducing apoptosis of Fas+ immune cells during inflammatory reactions. To study the transcriptional regulation of Fas ligand gene in airway epithelial cells, a 618-bp 5′-flanking region of mouse Fas ligand gene was cloned, sequenced, and the transcriptional start site was determined by using 5′-RACE. Deletion analysis, gel mobility shift assays and site-directed mutagenesis indicated that a CCAAT box located −214 bp upstream from the transcription start site served as a major positive regulatory cis-element in an airway epithelial cell line. This element was not required for constitutive Fas ligand expression in Sertoli cells. Furthermore, the activity of the site did not involve the NF-Y protein complex or c/EBP protein family. UV-cross linking proteins to this element indicated that a ∼23-kDa transcription factor bound to the Fas ligand promoter CCAAT box and, thus, likely plays an important role in the regulation of Fas ligand expression in airway epithelial cells.
Polishing a Dirty Rock: Rebranding a Product with an Existing Negative Impression

We all have implemented projects and/or services that haven't gone quite as well as we had hoped. In some cases, they have gone completely sideways, and the community of users have a bad taste left in their mouths.How might one "restart" such a service and gain a new foothold with users' What rebranding methods should be considered? How much effort is required?In Fall 2014, Menlo College rebranded and re-launched its virtual desktop implementation (VDI) offering. Historically, this service has suffered an unfavorable perception by the community through misinformation, little to no cultural education, and performance problems.We will discuss what we've done, the challenges we faced, the process we used and lessons learned. Please note that, due to the publishing deadline for this paper, full implementation has not yet been completed.
The geometry of poincaré disks

A simply connected planar domain Ω of finite area is said to be a Poincare disk if there exists a finite positive constant K such that for all functions u which are C 1 on Ω and integrate to zero. In this paper we establish geometric necessary and sufficient conditions for Ω to be a Poincare disk. Our criteria, which are reminiscent of the isoperimetric inequality and simplify a characterization of Maz'ja, state that the smaller area determined from a crosscut of Ω must be bounded by a constant multiple of the length of the crosscut. We show that this characterization is valid for three different types of crosscuts: line segments, hyperbolic geodesies, and general crosscuts. We also obtain a characterization of those conformal mappings which map the disk onto a Poincare disk in terms of an integral growth condition. We use techniques from, geometric function theory and hyperbolic geometry.
The effects of target specification on objects fixated during visual search

When a person searches for a target in a cluttered visual field his eye fixations typically fall on objects. The effect of target specification on the probability of fixating different classes of objects was studied. For fields containing objects differing Widely in size, color, and shape: a high proportion of searchers’ fixations were on objects of a specified color, a moderate proportion of their fixations were on objects of a specified size, and a slight proportion of their fixations were on objects of a specified shape. When two or more target characteristics were specified, fixations were generally based on a single characteristic. It is proposed that the specification of a target creates a perceptual structure which the searcher explores. The study of visual fixations, in effect, is the study of the perceptual structure.
Significant Proximity and Cocatalyst Effects in Binuclear Catalysis for Olefin Polymerization

We describe here the implementation of methylene-bridged binuclear “constrained geometry catalyst” (μ-CH2-3,3‘){(η5-indenyl)[1-Me2Si(tBuN)](ZrMe2)}2 (C1-Zr2) to produce high-Mw branched polyethylene. In ethylene homopolymerization, ∼70× increases in molecular weight are achieved with(C1-Zr2) vs (μ-CH2CH2-3,3‘){(η5-indenyl)[1-Me2Si(tBuN)](ZrMe2)}2 (C2-Zr2) under identical polymerization conditions using(Ph3C+)2[1,4-(C6F5)3BC6F4B(C6F5)3]2- (B2) as the cocatalyst for both. With MAO as the cocatalyst, ∼600× increases in polyethylene molecular weight are achieved with (μ-CH2CH2-3,3‘){(η5-indenyl)[1-Me2Si(tBuN)](ZrCl2)}2 (C2-Zr2Cl4) and (μ-CH2-3,3‘){(η5-indenyl)[1-Me2Si(tBuN)](ZrCl2)}2 (C1-Zr2Cl4) vs mononuclear [1-Me2Si(3-ethylindenyl)(tBuN)]ZrCl2 (Zr1Cl2). In the ethylene + 1-hexene copolymerization, C1-Zr2 enchains 3× more 1-hexene than does C2-Zr2 under identical polymerization conditions (B2 as cocatalyst). With MAO as the cocatalyst, C2-Zr2Cl4 enchains 3.5× more, and C1-Zr2Cl4 4.2× more, 1-hexene than doe...
Experiences in Web-based grading

This paper describes a project to build a Web-based grading system and reports on experiences in using a Web-based grading system in a sophomore-level course on data structures. The Web-based grading system consists of electronic submission and retrieval programs, automated testing and Web-based evaluation software, Web-based code annotation software, and Web-based report generation software. The software was designed with electronic grading and delivery as the primary objective and with course-based assessment as a secondary objective. In addition, the software provides the means to capture electronic examples of student work for assessment and accreditation purposes and the means to create electronic portfolios for individual students. The results of our experience with the Web-based grading software in a sophomore-level course on data structures are also described. The software system provided a means to examine detailed information on the overall performance of students on programming projects. In particular, the software recorded information concerning the performance of student projects on test cases and recorded the frequency and type of design and documentation errors. This information was used to evaluate the overall performance of students and to identify common errors that merited additional course time and review.
Role Clarification and Helping Behavior in Kindergarten Children.

The study explored the effect on kindergarten children of four different presentations of an opportunity to help an adult with a simple task. Subjects were observed under one of four conditions which varied in explicitness of the need for help expressed by the adult and in the amount of clarification of the child's role in the situation: expressed need, expressed need and suggestion, expressed need and pressure, no expression of need. The “suggestion” and “pressure” conditions were perceived similarly by the children and yielded signifi cantly more helping behavior than the other conditions. IQ (as measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test) was correlated with helping only in the expressed need condition. Helping behavior was also considered in relation to responses on a picture instrument used to assess the child's ability to recognize and respond to a need for help in several hypotheti cal situations. Responses on the picture instrument were not correlated with behavior in the task situation. The need for further study of role clarification as it affects helping behav ior is discussed.
Quantification of humeral head deformity following neonatal brachial plexus palsy.

Background: Neonatal brachial plexus palsy frequently leads to glenohumeral dysplasia if neurological recovery is incomplete. Although glenoid retroversion and glenohumeral subluxation have been well characterized, humeral head deformity has not previously been quantified. Nonetheless, humeral head flattening is described as a contraindication to joint contracture release and external rotation tendon transfers. This study describes a novel technique for objectively quantifying humeral head deformity with use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and correlates the humeral head deformity with clinical and radiographic outcomes following joint rebalancing surgery. Methods: Magnetic resonance images of thirty-two children (age, 0.7 to 11.5 years) with neonatal brachial plexus palsy were retrospectively reviewed. Passive shoulder external rotation and Mallet scores were reviewed before joint rebalancing surgery and at a minimum clinical follow-up interval of two years. The humeral head skewness ratio on preoperative and postoperative axial MR images was defined as the ratio of anterior to posterior humeral head area, and this ratio was compared between affected and unaffected shoulders and with the glenoid version angle, posterior subluxation of the humeral head, and clinical parameters before and after surgery with use of paired t tests and Spearman correlation. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of MR image measurements was determined. Results: Measurements of the skewness ratio on the affected side had moderate to substantial intraobserver reliability (0.53 to 0.72) and substantial interobserver reliability (0.65 to 0.71). Preoperatively, the skewness ratio of the affected humeral head (mean, 0.76; range, 0.54 to 1.03) differed significantly from the ratio in the contralateral shoulder (p < 0.05) and was significantly associated with the glenoid version angle (p < 0.05) and posterior subluxation of the humeral head (p < 0.05). Remodeling of the affected humeral head was observed postoperatively, with a significant improvement in the skewness ratio (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant correlations between the preoperative skewness ratio and postoperative clinical outcomes. Conclusions: Humeral head deformity in neonatal brachial plexus palsy correlated with other measures of glenohumeral dysplasia and could be reliably and objectively quantified on MR imaging with use of the skewness ratio. The humeral head deformity can remodel following joint rebalancing surgery, and such a deformity alone does not preclude a successful outcome after surgical attempts to restore glenohumeral congruity. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Industry structure, antitrust and tariffs

This paper offers an analysis of the relationship between antitrust, foreign trade and tariff policy It is shown that while in the static situation, a tariff can be interpreted as a barrier to entry tc the foreign firm, in the repeated game framework, a tariff has an international antitrust property i.e., it can break up a cartel consisting of international firms. The magnitude of the antitrust tariff will depend on factors such as the degree of cost advantage and product differentiation Furthermore, the antitrust tariff can paradoxically raise import share and reduce the home firm's output.