cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
First-Principles Calculations for Co-Doped LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 and LiMn2O4 Battery Electrodes

Cobalt is a widely used dopant in lithium-manganese-spinel-based electrode materials for lithium batteries. Ambiguity exists, however, as to the valence of Co in these spinels, as well as in numerous other oxides. First principles calculations with the generalized gradient approximation plus coulombic interaction parameter U (GGA + U) method are performed for LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 with and without Co substitutions, and for Co-substituted lithium manganese spinel, LiMn 2 O 4 , to elucidate electronic and structural properties of these high energy-density materials. The results indicate that Co is divalent in these systems for low dopant concentrations, but divalent and trivalent Co coexist at higher concentrations. This behavior is consistent with available experimental results.
The Ecumenical Challenge of Catholicity

This brief essay is a response to the statement, "Evangelicals and Catholics Together On Law: The Lord of Heaven and Earth." While affirming the statement in broad strokes, this essay highlights the particular challenge that claims to catholicity and tradition represent for Protestants and Catholics alike, with particular attention to the issues of natural law, subsidiarity, and the role of civil government.
Predictive Markers for the Efficacy of Anti–PD-1/PD-L1 Antibodies in Lung Cancer

Blockade of the programmed death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis using antibodies against the associated receptors and ligands has yielded good clinical responses and improved overall survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Once patients show a response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody, the median duration of response is often longer than that achieved using existing cytotoxic agents and even some molecular targeted agents. However, the response rates to these antibodies are only 15% to 20% in unselected patients with NSCLC and the cost of this therapy is high. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective predictive biomarkers to identify patients likely to benefit. PD-L1 expression, which can be detected by immunohistochemical analysis, is a rational biomarker for selecting responders to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody treatments, and this selection method has been introduced into clinical practice. However, the response rate to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody in PD-L1-expressing patients with NSCLC is only 15% to 45%, response can occur in PD-L1-negative patients, and predictability based on PD-L1 expression may differ between nonsquamous NSCLC and squamous cell NSCLC. In addition, the methods of immunohistochemical analysis and evaluation of its results differ for different anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents. This article reviews the existing data on predictive markers for the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in NSCLC.
Towards Motion-Aware Wireless LANs Using PHY Layer Information

The increasing popularity of WiFi brings new challenges in the design of wireless protocols but at the same time creates exciting opportunities for novel ways of exploiting WiFi technology in a variety of applications. On one hand, the smaller form factor of today's WiFi devices allows WiFi users to access wireless networks under mobility, calling for new, mobility-aware wireless protocols that are able to sustain high performance, on the other hand, the ubiquity of WiFi devices has recently raised interest in extending WiFi's capabilities beyond communication, e.g., for human-computer interaction. In this paper, we demonstrate that it is possible to enable fine-grained human motion detection on commodity WiFi devices by exploiting PHY layer information exposed by today's WiFi chipsets. We propose two motion detection techniques for two different application scenarios and explore their benefits on protocol performance and human-device interaction, respectively.
State Protectionism as a Menace to a Sound Agricultural Program

IN MARCH I939 the United States Department of Agriculture published a report on the subject "Barriers to Internal Trade in Farm Products." Evidently the contents of the report attracted a great deal of interest. It has been widely quoted and discussed not only by farm papers but by city newspapers and trade papers as well. The Department is still receiving many letters commenting on the problems discussed in the report. Occasionally we have been asked why the Federal Department of Agriculture is concerned with this subject. The answer is implied in the title of this paper -the Department believes that interstate trade barriers constitute a menace to a sound agricultural program. This paper will try to explain why.
Quantitative HREM of electron-irradiated quartz

The progress of heterogeneous amorphization of electron-irradiated quartz was studied in situ by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The transformation front appears surprisingly sharp when viewed close to edge-on, but the apparent morphological evolution when periodic and periodic material overlap in projection is one in which gradual changes in image regularity are observed. Electron-microscopical contrast obtained in HREM irradiations was interpreted quantitatively, through the use of image contrast simulations. When the amorphized portion occupies less than about two-thirds of the total thickness, the HREM images continue to appear crystalline. Only when the amorphized thickness fraction exceeds about two-thirds does the resultant image contrast show mainly non-crystalline features.
Providing Impactful Professional Development Teachers Can Implement (Abstract Only)

This session is for K-12 (primary/secondary) educators who would like to talk about what types of professional development would be most relevant to them. It is also for curricular innovators who offer CS professional development to share how successful their attendees have been at implementing the strategies learned through their programs, and if attendees were able to use any materials the program provided in their own classrooms. We welcome an open and positive dialogue on opportunities for improvement in professional development offerings, and a celebration of successful strategies. The discussion leaders will share their own experience with the NSF funded Adventures in Alice workshops to prompt dialogue, and will encourage all attendees to actively participate in the session by sharing their own experiences, concerns, and triumphs.
Active standoff detection of CH 4 and N 2 O leaks using hard-target backscattered light using an open-path quantum cascade laser sensor

Fugitive gas emissions from agricultural or industrial plants and gas pipelines are an important environmental concern as they contribute to the global increase of greenhouse gas concentrations. Moreover, they are also a security and safety concern because of possible risk of fire/explosion or toxicity. This study presents standoff detection of CH4 and N2O leaks using a quantum cascade laser open-path system that retrieves path-averaged concentrations by collecting the backscattered light from a remote hard target. It is a true standoff system and differs from other open-path systems that are deployed as point samplers or long-path transmission systems that use retroreflectors. The measured absorption spectra are obtained using a thermal intra-pulse frequency chirped DFB quantum cascade laser at ~7.7 µm wavelength range with ~200 ns pulse width. Making fast time resolved observations, the system simultaneously realizes high spectral resolution and range to the target, resulting in path-averaged concentration retrieval. The system performs measurements at high speed ~15 Hz and sufficient range (up to 45 m, ~148 feet) achieving an uncertainty of 3.1 % and normalized sensitivity of 3.3 ppm m Hz−1/2 for N2O and 9.3 % and normalized sensitivity of 30 ppm m Hz−1/2 for CH4 with a 0.31 mW average power QCL. Given these characteristics, this system is promising for mobile or multidirectional search and remote detection of gas leaks.
The effect of insulin upon the secretory response to feeding in dog with selective vagotomy of the parietal cell mass.

Amdrup, B. M. & Griffith, C. A. 1970. The Effect of Insulin upon the Secretory Response to Feeding in Dogs with Selective Vagotomy of the Parietal Cell Mass. Scand. J. Gastroent. 5, 655-665.The stu...
Factors Relating to Intracranial Hypertension in Acute Head Injury

It is well established that ICP monitoring plays an important role in the management of patients with acute head injury. The present paper describes the relationship between ICP and several variables assumed to be correlated with intracranial hypertension; namely, neurological outcome, CT findings and cerebral blood flow (CBF).
Images and Self-Images of Sephardic Merchants in Early Modern Europe and the Mediterranean

The economic role of Jews in Christian Europe changed profoundly from the Middle Ages to the early modern period. In the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, Sephardic Jews—the descendents of those who had been expelled from the territories of the crown of Castile and Aragon in 1492, or of those who, after seeking refuge in Portugal, were forced to convert to Catholicism in 1497—formed increasingly stable communities in Venice, Livorno, Hamburg, Amsterdam, and London (after 1656). They were eventually tolerated in Bordeaux and other towns in southwestern France, and slowly set foot in the Dutch and English Caribbean. In the late seventeenth century, they also established small enclaves in Levantine and North African ports. Unlike medieval Jewry or other early modern segments of Jewish society in Europe, Sephardic merchants did not engage in petty credit and retail sale. Instead, many among them were largely involved—each with varying degrees of success—in long-distance trade, international finance, and the processing and manufacturing of colonial goods (especially sugar, tobacco, and diamonds). For most Sephardim, credit operations were closely linked to commerce, but for a few, such as Gabriel de Silva (ca. 1683–1763) in Bordeaux, private banking was their sole occupation.1
Jesus and the Temple: The Crucifixion in its Jewish Context

Most Jesus specialists agree that the Temple incident led directly to Jesus' arrest, but the precise relationship between Jesus and the Temple's administration remains unclear. Jesus and the Temple examines this relationship, exploring the reinterpretation of Torah observance and traditional Temple practices that are widely considered central components of the early Jesus movement. Challenging a growing tendency in contemporary scholarship to assume that the earliest Christians had an almost uniformly positive view of the Temple's sacrificial system, Simon J. Joseph addresses the ambiguous, inconsistent, and contradictory views on sacrifice and the Temple in the New Testament. This volume fills a significant gap in the literature on sacrifice in Jewish Christianity. It introduces a new hypothesis positing Jesus' enactment of a program of radically nonviolent eschatological restoration, an orientation that produced Jesus' conflicts with his contemporaries and inspired the first attributions of sacrificial language to his death.
Craniovertebral junction 360°: A combined microscopic and endoscopic anatomical study

Objectives: Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) can be approached from various corridors depending on the location and extent of disease. A three dimensional understanding of anatomy of CVJ is paramount for safe surgery in this region. Aim of this cadaveric study is to elucidate combined microscopic and endoscopic anatomy of critical neurovascular structures in this area in relation to bony and muscular landmarks. Materials and Methods: Eight fresh frozen cadaveric heads injected with color silicon were used for this study. A stepwise dissection was done from anterior, posterior, and lateral sides with reference to bony and muscular landmarks. Anterior approach was done endonasal endoscopically. Posterior and lateral approaches were done with a microscope. In two specimens, both anterior and posterior approaches were done to delineate the course of vertebral artery and lower cranial nerves from ventral and dorsal aspects. Results: CVJ can be accessed through three corridors, namely, anterior, posterior, and lateral. Access to clivus, foreman magnum, occipital cervical joint, odontoid, and atlantoaxial joint was studied anteriorly with an endoscope. Superior and inferior clival lines, supracondylar groove, hypoglossal canal, arch of atlas and body of axis, and occipitocervical joint act as useful bony landmarks whereas longus capitis and rectus capitis anterior are related muscles to this approach. In posterior approach, spinous process of axis, arch of atlas, C2 ganglion, and transverse process of atlas and axis are bony landmarks. Rectus capitis posterior major, superior oblique, inferior oblique, and rectus capitis lateralis (RCLa) are muscles related to this approach. Occipital condyles, transverse process of atlas, and jugular tubercle are main bony landmarks in lateral corridor whereas RCLa and posterior belly of digastric muscle are the main muscular landmarks. Conclusion: With advances in endoscopic and microscopic techniques, access to lesions and bony anomalies around CVJ is becoming easier and straightforward. A combination of microscopic and endoscopic techniques is more useful to understand this anatomy and may aid in the development of future combined approaches.
The Benefit of Conserving and Gaining Resources after Trauma: A Systematic Review

Background: Traumatic events involve loss of resources, which has consistently been found to be associated with developing stress-related illness such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objective: The purpose of this systematic literature review was to determine if there is evidence for the salutatory effect of resource gain on PTSD, and if there are intervention models that utilize and assess gain in PTSD. Data Sources: All relevant online databases were systematically searched using key terms and a method, detailed in Figure 1. Results: Of 22 relevant articles, there were three intervention studies, one longitudinal naturalistic study, eleven non-intervention association studies focusing on PTSD, and eight non-intervention association studies not focusing on PTSD. The intervention and naturalistic studies showed a significant positive effect on PTSD by specifically targeting the gain of resources during an intervention. Other non-intervention research supports the notion that resource loss is pathogenic and resource gain is beneficial after traumatic exposure. Conclusions: Interventions that develop and assess effects of gain of various types of resources on stress-related illness should be encouraged. Interventions that already have proven efficacy for PTSD might include standardized assessment of resource loss and gain to further understand mechanisms of action.
Ceria-based model catalysts: fundamental studies on the importance of the metal–ceria interface in CO oxidation, the water–gas shift, CO2 hydrogenation, and methane and alcohol reforming

Model metal/ceria and ceria/metal catalysts have been shown to be excellent systems for studying fundamental phenomena linked to the operation of technical catalysts. In the last fifteen years, many combinations of well-defined systems involving different kinds of metals and ceria have been prepared and characterized using the modern techniques of surface science. So far most of the catalytic studies have been centered on a few reactions: CO oxidation, the hydrogenation of CO2, and the production of hydrogen through the water–gas shift reaction and the reforming of methane or alcohols. Using model catalysts it has been possible to examine in detail correlations between the structural, electronic and catalytic properties of ceria–metal interfaces. In situ techniques (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy) have been combined to study the morphological changes under reaction conditions and investigate the evolution of active phases involved in the cleavage of C–O, C–H and C–C bonds. Several studies with model ceria catalysts have shown the importance of strong metal–support interactions. In general, a substantial body of knowledge has been acquired and concepts have been developed for a more rational approach to the design of novel technical catalysts containing ceria.
Intensified Agroecosystems and Their Effects on Soil Biodiversity and Soil Functions

Abstract This chapter defines agricultural intensification, its components, and ecosystem service delivery within row cropping systems. Particular attention is given to the homogenizing effects of intensive agriculture on vertical soil organic carbon distributions, soil structure, soil moisture and nutrient levels, and pesticide influences on ecosystem services and the soil communities responsible for their delivery. Comparisons are set along continuums spanning for intensive management to minimally managed perennial grasslands. The chapter ends by defining ecological intensification and the potential for its application to agroecosystems to meet a growing societal demand that agricultural systems supply both high yields and a broader delivery of ecological services tied to environmental quality.
Miles W Carroll replies to Deborah Cohen.

Cohen discussed a study performed at the Health Protection Agency, now Public Health England, in her article about vaccine research and the role of preclinical studies.1 Public Health England has responded to all requests for information about this study, but in the interest of clarity and transparency in animal research we would like to make the following comments. Animal studies at Public Health England are conducted to extremely high …
Apparatus for measuring high-flux heat transfer in radiatively heated compact exchangers

An apparatus is described which can deliver uniform heat flux densities of up to 80 W/sq cm over an area 7.8 cm x 15.2 cm for use in measuring the heat transfer and pressure drop in thin (6 mm or less), compact heat exchangers. Helium gas at flow rates of 0 to 40 kg/h and pressures to 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) is the working fluid. The instrumentation used in the apparatus and the methods for analyzing the data is described. The apparatus will be used initially to test the performance of prototype cooling jackets for the engine struts of the National Aerospace Plane (NASP).
Translational control perks up

A cell's response to stress is often linked to protein synthesis and folding. These responses must have been conserved through evolution — otherwise, how would multicellular organisms ever have arisen? An evolutionary link has now been found in the form of a newly cloned mammalian stress-response protein called PERK. This protein has features of two gene products that are involved in the stress response in yeast.
Searching for Ontological Security via Homeland Media Use: The Case of Korean Temporary Visa-Status Migrants in the United States:

Temporary visa-status migrants initially might be perceived as emancipated mobilities who are privileged enough to enter and exit the United States without taking any major risks. This article exam...
Regimen-specific costs of chemotherapy for breast cancer (BC).

6519Background: Although communicating costs of treatment with patients is important for high-quality care, a lack of data on cost has been a major hindering factor. This is especially concerning f...
Reinforcing ethical decision making through organizational structure

In this paper I examine how the constituent elements of a firm's organizational structure affect the ethical behavior of workers. The formal features of organizations I examine are the compensation practices, performance and evaluation systems, and decision-making assignments. I argue that the formal organizational structure, which is distinguished from corporate culture, is necessary, though not sufficient, in solving ethical problems within firms. At best the formal structure should not undermine the ethical actions of workers. When combined with a strong culture, however, the organizational structure may be sufficient in promoting ethical conduct. While helpful, ethics training and corporate codes are neither necessary nor sufficient in promoting ethical behavior within firms.
Creating a Supportive Educational Research Culture at a Dental School by Identifying Obstacles and Solutions.

The aim of this study was to identify the extent of educational research conducted at one U.S. dental school and to assess faculty needs for engaging in it more fully. A task force developed and administered a survey to all the school’s full-time faculty members in January 2014. The response rate was 73.6% (n=106/144). The majority of the respondents were clinicians (73%), had a primary responsibility for teaching (80%), and were non-tenure track (62%). Thirty-six percent (n=24) of the non-tenure-track respondents reported being expected to engage in scholarship as well as the 38% (n=40) who were on the tenure track, for a total of 60% (n=64/106). Overall, 51% of respondents reported they had a half-day or less for scholarship. Clinical faculty respondents had significantly less time for scholarship than non-clinical (p
Single-cell interactomes of the human brain reveal cell-type specific convergence of brain disorders

Abstract The reference human interactome has been instrumental in the systems-level study of the molecular inner workings of the cell, providing a framework to analyze the network context of disease associated gene perturbations. However, reference organismal interactomes do not capture the tissue- and cell type-specific context in which proteins and modules preferentially act. Emerging single-cell profiling technologies, which survey the transcriptional cell-state distribution of complex tissues, could be used to infer the single-cell context of gene interactions. Here we introduce SCINET (Single-Cell Imputation and NETwork construction), a computational framework that reconstructs an ensemble of cell type-specific interactomes by integrating a global, context-independent reference interactome with a single-cell gene expression profile. SCINET addresses technical challenges of single-cell data by robustly imputing, transforming, and normalizing the initially noisy and sparse expression data. Subsequently, cell-level gene interaction probabilities and group-level gene interaction strengths are computed, resulting in cell type specific interactomes. We use SCINET to analyze the human cortex, reconstructing interactomes for the major cell types of the adult human brain. We identify network neighborhoods composed of topologically-specific genes that are central for cell-type influence but not for global interactome connectivity. We use the reconstructed interactomes to analyze the specificity and modularity of perturbations associated with neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric, and neoplastic brain disorders; finding high variability across diseases, yet overall consistency in patterns of cell-type convergence for diseases of the same group. We infer for each disorder group disease gene networks with preferential cell-type specific activity that can aid the design and interpretation of cell-type resolution experiments. Finally, focusing on the pleiotropy of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, we show how cell type specific interactomes enable the identification of disease genes with preferential influence on neuronal, glial, or glial-neuronal cells. The SCINET framework is applicable to any organism, cell-type/tissue, and reference network; it is freely available at https://github.com/shmohammadi86/SCINET.
DeepTools : Compiler and Execution Runtime Extensions for RaPiD AI Accelerator

The ubiquitous adoption of systems specialized for AI requires bridging two seemingly conflicting challenges—the need to deliver extreme processing efficiencies while employing familiar programming interfaces, making them compelling even for non-expert users. We take a significant first step towards this goal and present an end-to-end software stack for the RaPiD AI accelerator developed by IBM Research. We present a set of software extensions, called Deeptools, that leverage and work within popular deep learning frameworks. DeepTools requires no additional user input and enables aggressive, accelerator-specific performance optimization akin to a full, custom framework. DeepTools has two key components: 1) a compiler runtime called DeepRT, which automatically identifies how best to execute a given DNN graph on RaPiD and constructs the requisite program binaries; and 2) an execution runtime called RaPiDLib, which triggers and manages the execution of compute and data-transfer operations on RaPiD. We integrate DeepTools with TensorFlow and map popular DNNs (AlexNet, VGG, ResNet, LSTM) to RaPiD. We demonstrate substantial improvement in performance over hand-tuned mappings.
Grand potential sintering simulations of doped UO2 accident-tolerant fuel concepts

Abstract Chromium-doped UO is a widely-studied near-term deployable accident-tolerant fuel concept because it results in a dense, large-grain structure that increases the fuel resistance to densification, swelling, and fission gas release. A new charged-interstitial mechanism was recently proposed to describe the behavior of dopants like chromium in sintered UO2. Based on that mechanism, manganese was suggested as an even stronger dopant than chromium. In the current work we use mesoscale sintering simulations in an effort to validate the new mechanism. We compare the relative behavior of Cr-doped and undoped UO2 against experimental data in the literature. We also make predictions of the relative behavior of Mn-doped UO2. Simulations are done using the phase field-based grand potential sintering model. Dopants have two effects on sintered UO2. They marginally increase the densification rate and greatly increase the average grain size. Both of these effects are individually tested in small-scale simulations. Then large 3D sintering simulations are used to test the combined behavior of both effects. The results for the densification rate simulations are consistent with experiments for Cr-doped fuels. However, the grain growth rates are lower than what is found in the literature for Cr-doped fuels.
Yield estimation in cotton using UAV-based multi-sensor imagery

Monitoring crop development and accurately estimating crop yield are important to improve field management and crop production. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing system in cotton yield estimation. A UAV system, equipped with an RGB camera, a multispectral camera, and an infrared thermal camera, was used to acquire images of a cotton field at two growth stages (flowering growth stage and shortly before harvest). Sequential images from the three cameras were processed to generate orthomosaic images and a digital surface model (DSM), which were registered to the georeferenced yield data acquired by a yield monitor mounted on a harvester. Eight image features were extracted, including normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), green normalised difference vegetation index (GNDVI), triangular greenness index (TGI), a channel in CIE-LAB colour space (a∗), canopy cover, plant height (PH), canopy temperature, and cotton fibre index (CFI). Models were developed to evaluate the accuracy of each image feature for yield estimation. Results show that PH and CFI were the best single features for cotton yield estimation, both with R2 = 0.90. The combination of PH and CFI, PH and a∗, or PH and temperature were the best two-feature models with R2 from 0.92 to 0.94. The best three-feature models were among the combinations of PH, CFI, temperature and a∗. This study found that UAV-based images collected during the flowering growth stage and/or shortly before harvest were able to estimate cotton yield accurately.
A kainate receptor–selective RNA aptamer

Kainate and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors are two major, closely related receptor subtypes in the glutamate ion channel family. Excessive activities of these receptors have been implicated in a number of central nervous system diseases. Designing potent and selective antagonists of these receptors, especially of kainate receptors, is useful for developing potential treatment strategies for these neurological diseases. Here, we report on two RNA aptamers designed to individually inhibit kainate and AMPA receptors. To improve the biostability of these aptamers, we also chemically modified these aptamers by substituting their 2′-OH group with 2′-fluorine. These 2′-fluoro aptamers, FB9s-b and FB9s-r, were markedly resistant to RNase-catalyzed degradation, with a half-life of ∼5 days in rat cerebrospinal fluid or serum-containing medium. Furthermore, FB9s-r blocked AMPA receptor activity. Aptamer FB9s-b selectively inhibited GluK1 and GluK2 kainate receptor subunits, and also GluK1/GluK5 and GluK2/GluK5 heteromeric kainate receptors with equal potency. This inhibitory profile makes FB9s-b a powerful template for developing tool molecules and drug candidates for treatment of neurological diseases involving excessive activities of the GluK1 and GluK2 subunits.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myasthenia gravis, myositis, and myocarditis overlap syndrome.

Abstract Introduction Case reports of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) overlap syndrome of myasthenia gravis, myositis and myocarditis, are increasing in the published literature. This is a potentially fatal adverse event of ICIs and emergency physicians need to be familiar with this triad when patients present to the emergency department (ED). Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of the electronic medical record between September 1, 2016 to March 9, 2020. We identified patients with the overlap syndrome who presented to our ED. Results Seven patients were identified. Most were male and treated with a programmed cell death-1 inhibitor. Most patients presented with abnormal vital signs and the most common symptoms were ptosis, diplopia, dyspnea and fatigue. Most required supplemental oxygen and had a prolonged length of stay. All received steroids in addition to other immunomodulators. Only two patients died. Discussion Presence of one of the diagnosis should lead to evaluation for the others. Suspicion should be raised by patients presenting with ptosis, muscular weakness, fatigue and dyspnea. Early recognition of this triad can allow for early administration of high-dose glucocorticoids (1–2 mg/kg of prednisone or equivalent), which is the mainstay of treatment. However, it is likely that patients will need further immunomodulators and therefore, will need hospitalization. Conclusion Emergency physicians should be aware of this potentially lethal triad in cancer patients receiving ICIs. The life-saving interventions in the ED include recognizing the triad, airway support, administration of high-dose glucocorticoids, and early involvement of a multidisciplinary team.
Molecular dynamics studies of lattice defect effects on tritium diffusion in zirconium

Abstract Tritium diffusion in α-Zr containing point defects such as vacancies or self-interstitial atoms (SIAs) is simulated using molecular dynamics. Point defects rapidly aggregate to form extended defects, such as 3D nanoclusters and Frank loops. The geometry of extended defects is affected by the presence of tritium. At low temperature and in the absence of tritium, vacancies aggregate to form stacking fault pyramids. Addition of tritium at these temperatures promotes aggregation of vacancies to form 3D nanoclusters, within which the tritium concentration can be sufficiently high to suggest that these defects may serve as nucleation sites for hydride precipitation. Trapping of tritium in vacancy nanocluster reduces the calculated bulk diffusivity by an amount proportional to the vacancy concentration. At high temperature, vacancy clusters change shape to form planar basal dislocation loops, which bind tritium less strongly, leading to a sharp reduction in the fraction of trapped tritium and a corresponding increase in tritium diffusivity at high temperature. In contrast, SIAs increase tritium diffusion through α-Zr. Analysis of atomic trajectories shows that tritium does not interact directly with SIAs. Diffusion enhancement is instead related to expansion of the lattice.
The Things We Carry

The creative student work featured in this chapter are responses to an assignment in my English 110: Introduction to Literature class inspired by Tim O’Brien’s powerful short story about the Vietnam War, “The Things They Carried.” As the title suggests, this story examines the great variety—and the great weight—of the things the soldiers in this story carry. Many of these are physical, of course, but the heaviest burdens they carry are emotional and psychological. Although “The Things They Carried” is one of the most famous war stories ever written, it is also a story about the things we all carry, whether we are soldiers or not. In that spirit, this assignment invites students to reflect on the things they carry. Readers of this chapter have the great honor of learning what a group of community college students “carry”.
Social and Political Perspectives in the Thought of Soren Kierkegaard

ion is known as "public opinion." It finds philosophical expression in what was taken to be the Hegelian notion of objective spirit. Kierkegaard believed that the system of Hegelianism had already become dead in Denmark, and he could but wish the same fate for the correlative "public."240 The state is fundamentally "human egotism on a large scale and in great dimensions," rather than the place to observe the virtues "writ large," as Plato has held. 241 Since the state is "human egotism in great dimensions," and "cannot go beyond this," Kierkegaard came to believe that the notion of the state having moral significance and existing for the improvement of men was a perverse illusion. Although the state is capable of success in making individuals "shrewdly prudent" in pursuing their self. 242 . 1 • • h • II • 1nterest, genu1ne mora 1mprovement 1n t e state 1s JUSt as doubtful as being improved in a prison." 243 Similarly, to advocate the state as the environment for becoming virtuous "is just as strange as would be the claim that the best place for a watchmaker 244 or an engraver to work is aboard a ship in heavy sea." Clearly, then, by this period of Kierkegaard's thought, the locus of moral
Contextual Relations of Elements

So far, elements have been looked upon only in relation to one another by reference to scalar order, but we have not as yet suggested much about how they develop and affect one another. This is as if we had considered families of animals family tree, but not their descent from one another, the effects of their proximity to one another, their friendly or hostile acts towards one another. It is not enough to know that this red and that green are complementary and equally saturated. We must also ask what effect they have on one another. Hamlet and Horatio or Hamlet and Laertes, are, of course, interesting in a comparative or contrasting sense. But we also wish to know what effect Hamlet’s presence or absence has on the King, the Queen, Ophelia, Laertes, Horatio, Polonius, and the rest, at such and such stages of the development of the tragic action.
The vegetation of wet meadows in relation to their land-use

Wetland biomonitoring approaches are needed to determine when changes in response to stressors are occurring and to predict the consequences of proposed land-use changes. These approaches require an understanding of shifts in biota that occur in response to land-use, data that are lacking for most kinds of wetlands. Changes in floristic composition corresponding to land-use differences at multiple scales (site to 2500 m radius) were characterized for 40 wet meadows associated with prairie glacial marshes in Minnesota (U.S.A.). In general, guild was more useful than species composition for indicating land-use impacts. Site impacts (stormwater, cultivation) and landscape disturbance (agriculture and urbanization, combined), coincide with a reduction in native graminoid and herbaceous perennial abundance (e.g., Carex lasiocarpa, Calamagrostis canadensis, Spartina pectinata). This vegetation is replaced with annuals (e.g, Bidens cernua, Polygonum pensylvanicum) in recently cultivated sites or introduced perennials (e.g., Phalaris arundinacea, Typha angustifolia) and floating aquatics (lemnids) in stormwater impacted wetlands. Ditches also reduce native perennial importance and increase perennials, but only when they are in highly impacted landscapes.
Regulatory treatment of IP transport and services

Current U.S. regulatory policy is incoherent in its treatment of packet-oriented data communications services. Services based on X.25, Frame Relay or ATM protocols are regulated as telecommunications services, while IP packet transport is lumped together with applications such as email and the World Wide Web -and treated as an unregulated information service. Uncertainty also reigns over the appropriate treatment of IP telephony. As IP transport becomes an ever more significant fraction of all telecommunications, public policy problems posed by this inconsistent treatment are likely to increase.
Replicative Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis in a System Diffusible for Macromolecules

Abstract Replicative DNA synthesis in toluene-treated Escherichia coli cells occurs in the presence of Triton X-100, a nonionic detergent. DNA replication in the detergent requires four deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates, Mg++, K+, and ATP, and is sensitive to sulfhydryl-blocking agents. Replicative synthesis occurs in polA1 mutants, and is temperature-sensitive in dnats mutants in Triton X-100. DNA synthesis is unaffected by the concentration of Triton X-100 present. In 1% detergent at 37° DNA polymerase I and lactate dehydrogenase are free to diffuse from the cells. Repair synthesis is inhibited by antibody to DNA polymerase I under these conditions, but ATP-dependent synthesis is not altered by such antibody. Toluene-treated cells retain their gross morphology in 1% Triton X-100. Stationary phase cells show diminished ATP-stimulated DNA synthesis compared with log stage cells after toluene treatment. In reaction mixtures containing Triton X-100, toluene-treated plateau stage cells are capable of undiminished levels of replicative synthesis. This effect does not appear to be due to increased permeability to small molecules.
Characterization of cytochrome P2-450 (20-S) mRNA. Association with the P1-450 genomic gene and differential response to the inducers 3-methylcholanthrene and isosafrole.

Mouse liver cytochrome P2-450 is defined as the major isosafrole-inducible form of P-450 which is most specific for isosafrole metabolism. λAhP-1 represents a 15.5 × 103-base-pair segment of mouse genomic DNA having the cytochrome P1-450 gene (∼ 4600 base pairs) located in the middle portion. Using various subclones as probes, we investigated the differential expression of P1-450 mRNA and P2-450 mRNA induction as a function of association with the Ah locus, 3-methylcholanthrene or isosafrole dosage, tissue specificity, and developmental age. Both P1-450 (23-S) mRNA and P2-450 (20-S) mRNA induction processes are regulated by the Ah receptor. P2-450 mRNA is about 10-fold more sensitive than P1-450 mRNA to induction by either 3-methylcholanthrene or isosafrole. Phenobarbital pretreatment has no effect at all on either P1-450 mRNA or P2-450 mRNA. Whereas both P1-450 mRNA and P2-450 mRNA are induced by 3-methycholanthrene in C57BL/6N liver, P1-450 (23-S) mRNA but not P2-450 (20-S) mRNA is induced by 3-methylcholanthrene in C57BL/6N kidney. P1-450 mRNA induction by 3-methylcholanthrene is measurable in C57BL/6N liver at day 15 of gestation, and the expression becomes enhanced with increasing age. P2-450 mRNA induction by 3-methylcolanthrene in C57BL/6N liver appears about 7 days later during development than 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible P1-450 mRNA. Both 3-methylcholanthrene-induced P1-450 mRNA and P2-450 mRNA are detectable in DBA/2N liver; their appearance is later in development, however, and at lower concentrations than that seen with C57BL/6N liver. P1-450 (23-S) mRNA and P2-450 (20-S) mRNA appear to hybridize to a common 5′ fragment of the P1-450 gene.
A GRASP algorithm for the multi-objective knapsack problem

While the performance of individual disks is well understood, the performance of disk arrays configured as redundant arrays of independent disks - RAID requires further investigation. We report on a tool that can be used for the performance evaluation of k disk failure tolerant (kDFT) disk arrays. RAID0 is a 0DFT. RAID5 is a 1DFT utilizing a single check disk. RAID6, EVENODD, and RDP are 2DFTs with two check disks and a minimum level of redundancy, while RM2 is a 2DFT with a slightly higher redundancy level. The capacity overhead is less important for high capacity modern disks than the disk access overhead to update parities, especially the small write penalty. Degraded mode operation and rebuild processing incur extra overhead on surviving disks. The RAID level, configuration, operating mode (normal, degraded with 1 or 2 failures, and rebuild mode with various options), and workload characteristics have a significant effect on RAID performance, which can be evaluated using our tool. We consider here only discrete requests and derive cost functions to determine: (a) the volume of data to be transmitted; (b) the maximum attainable throughput for given disk characteristics; (c) the mean response time given the execution plans of RAID operations specified as dags (directed acyclic graphs). Analytic solutions are possible when arrivals are Poisson with the FCFS policy. Some interesting results obtained by the tool are given to illustrate its capabilities.
A localization and position tracking solution utilizing solar-powered RFID tags

The ability to determine the position of a device in outdoor or indoor environments is becoming the foundation for an ever increasing number of a diverse set of services. This paper demonstrates the implementation of a very low-cost localization and device tracking system on top of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) topology. Its major components, namely the mobile RFID prototype, the fixed wireless infrastructure and the central server, are described and an initial evaluation of the accuracy of the system is presented.
Governance of Agrarian Sustainability

The new developing interdisciplinary methodology of the New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics (combining Economics, Organization, Law, Sociology, Behavioral and Political Sciences) is incorporated into agrarian sphere, and a framework for governing of agrarian sustainability suggested. It takes into account the role of the specific institutional environment (formal and informal property rights, and systems of their enforcement); and the behavioral characteristics of individuals (bounded rationality, tendency for opportunism, entrepreneurships, preferences, risk aversion etc.); and the transaction costs associated with protection and exchange of property rights; and the critical factors of each transaction (such as frequency, uncertainty, asset specificity, and appropriability); and the comparative efficiency of market, private, public, and hybrid governing modes. The discrete structural analysis is applied, and the principle forms for governing of transactions with specific critical dimensions specified. The cases of market and private sector failures are identified, and the needs for a third party (Government, international assistance etc.) intervention justified. The comparative advantages and disadvantages of different modes for public involvement (property rights modernization, regulations, taxes, assistance and support, public provision, hybrid modes) are assessed. The effective governance mix for public intervention in environmental transactions is presented.
Role of damage tolerance and fatigue crack growth in the power generation industry

The problem of intergranular stress-corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in boiling water reactor (BWR) piping is discussed and the body of work undertaken in the author's laboratory to solve that problem is described. Particular attention is given to the development of electrical potential crack monitoring techniques and their application to surface crack growth, particularly under conditions approaching those found in service. The important role of water chemistry and its control is described in this context. The concept and description of sensors to monitor in situ the degree of damage containment from intergranular stress-corrosion cracking is then described, with reference to use in piping components and other types of monitoring. Finally, a concept for the life management of structures is described where damage processes are identified and monitored in situ using appropriate sensors to measure the damage rate continuously. In conjunction with damage monitoring, an applicable life prediction model is used to forecast the future damage state and to assist in the decision process for appropriate required actions to optimize plant operation.
Java Subtype Tests in Real-Time

Dynamic subtype tests are frequent operations in Java programs. Naive implementations can be costly in space and running time. The techniques that have been proposed to reduce these costs are either restricted in their ability to cope with dynamic class loading or may suffer from pathological performance degradation penalizing certain programming styles. We present R&B, a subtype test algorithm designed for time and space constrained environments such as Real-Time Java which require predictable running times, low space overheads and dynamic class loading. Our algorithm is constant-time, requires an average of 10.8 bytes per class of memory and has been shown to yield an average 2.5% speedup on a production virtual machine. The Real-Time Specification for Java requires dynamic scoped memory access checks on every reference assignment. We extend R&B to perform memory access checks in constant-time.
The Environments of Cool Stars

This review describes recent conclusions about the physical environment of red giant and supergiant stars. This includes coronae, chromospheres, dust formation and stellar winds. This knowledge can provide the boundary conditions for considering what role such objects play as members of binary star systems, where tidal forces and companion behavior alter observed characteristics.
Chemical defense by termite soldiers

The chemistry of the defensive secretions of termite soldiers is reviewed. The structural variety of the chemical weapons, the uses of these substances in defense, and some potential biosynthetic interrelationships are discussed. Classification of the monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and various acetate-derived compounds according to termite subfamilies places the known defense substances in a phylogenetic perspective.
Destino Buenos Aires: tango-turismo sexual cinematografico

Buenos Aires currently enjoys a boom in international tourism and the tango is undoubtedly a main local attraction. What are foreign tourists looking for in the tango experience? How do they know what is in a tango and in the tango world for them? What pleasures does the tango offer them? Unconvinced with settling explanations based in the universal and transcendental powers of art, the author explores the uses of tango in narrative cinema - in particular, the sophisticated ways in which the erotics of cultural difference frame tango-esque seduction. For this purpose, tango films of recent release (Potter's The Tango Lesson and Saura's Tango) and oldies (Gilda) are analyzed as stories that, taking place in an exotic Buenos Aires, weave intertwined dramatic plots of cultural and gender alterity - exacerbated by the presence of femmes fatales -, through dramatic and dangerous romantic disencounters with a happy end. Thus the tango, culturally appropriated, promises violent emotional turmoils, erotically tamed via "universal" laws of heterosexuality and homosociality. An irresistible cinematic formula for sex tourism.