cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HERO: Accelerating Autonomous Robotic Tasks with FPGA

The Heterogeneous Extensible Robot Open (HERO) platform is designed for autonomous robotic research. While bringing in the flexible computational capacities by CPU and FPGA, it addresses the challenges of heterogeneous computing by embracing OpenCL programming. We propose heterogeneous computing approaches for three fundamental robotic tasks: simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), motion planning and convolutional neural network (CNN) inference. With FPGA acceleration, the SLAM and motion planning tasks are performed 2–4 times faster on the HERO platform against fine-tuned software implementation. For CNN inference, it can process 20–30 images per second with the network of VGG-16 or ResNet-50. We expect the open platform and the developing experiences shared in this paper can facilitate future robotic research, especially for those compute intensive tasks of perception, movement and manipulation.
Multifocal photoacoustic microscopy through an ergodic relay (Conference Presentation)

To date, most optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) systems rely on mechanical scanning with confocally aligned optical excitation and ultrasonic detection. As a result, the imaging speed of these systems is limited by the scanning speed. Although several multifocal OR-PA computed tomography (MFOR-PACT) systems had been developed to address this limitation, they were hindered by the complex design in a constrained physical space. Here, we present a two-dimensional (2D) MFOR-PAM system based on a 2D microlens array and an acoustic ergodic relay. This system is able to detect PA signals generated from 400 optical foci in parallel with a single-element transducer, and then raster scan the optical foci patterns to form an image. This system has improved the imaging resolution of a conventional photoacoustic ergodic relay system from 220 μm to 13 μm. Moreover, this system has reduced the imaging time of a conventional OR-PAM system at the same resolution and laser repetition rate by 400 times. We demonstrated the ability of the system with both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
IMPACT OF ADMITTING INPATIENT SERVICE ON LENGTH OF STAY AND HOSPITAL READMISSIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE

Improving outcomes and reducing readmissions remains a challenge in hospitalized heart failure (HF) patients. We sought to identify whether there was a difference in outcomes between HF patients admitted either to a regional medicine or cardiology service, what factors could account for those
Using the N400 event-related potential to study word learning from context in children from low- and higher-socioeconomic status homes

Children from low-socioeconomic status (SES) homes have significantly smaller vocabularies than their higher-SES peers, a gap that increases over the course of the school years. One reason for the increase in this vocabulary gap during the school years is that children from low-SES homes learn fewer words from context than their higher-SES peers. To better understand how the process of word learning from context might differ in children related to SES, we investigated changes in the N400 event-related potential (ERP) as children from low- and higher-SES homes learned new words using only the surrounding linguistic context. There were no differences in the N400 response to known words related to SES. In response to the target word being learned, children from higher-SES homes, like adults in previous studies, exhibited an attenuation of the N400 across exposures as they attached meaning to it. Children from low-SES homes did not show this same attenuation. These findings support previous work showing that children from low-SES homes may have differences or more variability in the neural components supporting language processing, and they extend previous work to illustrate how this variability may relate to word learning and, ultimately, vocabulary growth.
Publishing your educational research

Publishing has always been a part of academic tradition and there is increasing pressure on faculty to publish, even those who carry heavy teaching loads. This article, based on a presentation at the IUBMB 2019 Education Conference session on Publishing in Education, contains suggestions on how to conduct educational research with an eye toward publishing your findings.
Circulate yourself: targeted individuals, the yieldable object & self-publication on digital platforms

A paradox of drawing attention to violations of one’s privacy is that one must publicly detail what has happened. The targeted individual (TI) community is sustained by this very tension, voluminou...
Graphene Foam Current Collector for High-Areal-Capacity Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Extending lithium–sulfur battery (LSB) electrode architecture into three dimensions (3D) has been proposed for more than a decade. A 3D lightweight and porous current collector that is capable of h...
Barriers to Decannulation After Double‐Stage Laryngotracheal Reconstruction

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To identify any potential barriers for decannulation in children undergoing double-staged laryngotracheal reconstruction (dsLTR) beyond the severity of disease itself. STUDY DESIGN Case series with chart review. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review from 2008 to 2018 of 41 children who had undergone dsLTR as primary treatment for laryngotracheal stenosis at a stand-alone tertiary children's hospital. We examined the effect of demographic, medical, and surgical factors on successful decannulation and time to decannulation after dsLTR. RESULTS Of the 41 children meeting inclusion criteria who underwent dsLTR, 34 (82%) were decannulated. Age, gender, race, insurance status, medical comorbidity, and multilevel stenosis did not predict overall decannulation. Insurance status did not impact time to decannulation (P = .13, Log-rank). Factors that increased length of time to decannulation were the use of anterior and posterior cartilage grafts (P = .001, Log-rank), history of pulmonary disease (P = .05, Log rank), history of cardiac disease (P = .017, Log-rank), and race/ethnicity (P = .001 Log-rank). CONCLUSION In a cohort with a similar decannulation rates to previous dsLTR cohorts, we identified no demographic or medical factors that influenced overall decannulation. We did observe that pulmonary comorbidity, cardiac comorbidity, and race/ethnicity lengthens time to decannulation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:2141-2147, 2021.
Randomized blinded study comparing injection site pain from octreotide long-acting-release (LAR) versus lanreotide during the treatment of well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (WDNETs).

e16204Background: The somatostatin analogs (SSAs) octreotide LAR and lanreotide are equally acceptable in the NCCN guidelines to treat WDNETs. Average Sales Price for 1 year of lanreotide at 120mg ...
You can do this

The term “clinical pharmacology” strikes fear in the hearts of many a veterinary graduate, bringing back memories of Socratic questioning in rounds as to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions leading to a desired drug effect. These were concepts and facts that must have been known only to the reader of an ancient scroll, hand-written in the fading ink of a long-dead language. But take heart! The happy little secret is that all the PK/PD interactions, mechanisms of action, and physiologic reasoning are valuable only if they help to lead us to the promised land of clinical efficacy. As clinical veterinarians, that is what we care about. It turns out that you are the best qualified person to take clinical efficacy data and decide if it applies to your clinical situation. All it takes is a system to evaluate the quality of clinical evidence, an understanding of the concepts involved in a little thing called Number Needed to Treat, and some introspective thinking about our own biases.
Abstract TMP14: Masked Smoothing for Computed Tomography Perfusion Imaging

Objective: CT perfusion imaging is characterized by a high contrast ratio between different structure types. This facilitates the segmentation of an image into different classes, such as tissue and...
Parallel square and cube computations

Typically multipliers are used to compute the square and cube of an operand. A squaring unit can be used to compute the square of an operand faster and more efficiently than a multiplier This paper proposes a parallel cubing unit that computes the cube of an operand 25 to 30% faster than can be computed using multipliers. Furthermore, the reduced squaring and cubing units are mathematically modeled and the performance and area requirements are studied for operands up to 54 bits in length. The applicability of the proposed cubing circuit is discussed with relation to the current Newton-Raphson and Taylor series function evaluation units.
A dodecamer of globin chains is the principal functional subunit of the extracellular hemoglobin of Lumbricus terrestris

Repeated dissociation of the approximately 3600-kDa hexagonal bilayer extracellular hemoglobin of Lumbricus terrestris in 4 M urea followed by gel filtration at neutral pH produces a subunit that retains the oxygen affinity of the native molecule (approximately 12 torr), but only two-thirds of the cooperativity (nmax = 2.1 +/- 0.2 versus 3.3 +/- 0.3). The mass of this subunit was estimated to be 202 +/- 15 kDa by gel filtration and 202 +/- 26 kDa from mass measurements of unstained freeze-dried specimens by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this subunit showed that it consists predominantly of the heme-containing subunits M (chain I, 17 kDa) and T (disulfide-bonded chains II-IV, 50 kDa). Mixing of subunits M and T isolated concurrently with the 200-kDa subunit resulted in partial association into particles that had a mass of 191 +/- 13 kDa determined by gel filtration and 200 +/- 38 kDa determined by scanning transmission electron microscopy and whose oxygen affinity and cooperativity were the same as those of the 200-kDa subunit. The results imply that the 200-kDa subunit is a dodecamer of globin chains, consisting of three copies each of subunits M and T (3 x chains (I + II + III + IV], in good agreement with the mass of 209 kDa calculated from the amino acid sequences of the four chains, and represents the largest functional subunit of Lumbricus hemoglobin. Twelve copies of this subunit would account for two-thirds of the total mass of the molecule, as suggested earlier (Vinogradov, S. N., Lugo, S. L., Mainwaring, M. G., Kapp, O. H., and Crewe, A. V. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 83, 8034-8038). The retention of only partial cooperativity by the 200-kDa subunit implies that full cooperativity is dependent on the presence of a complete hexagonal bilayer structure, wherein 12 200-kDa subunits are linked together by approximately 30-kDa heme-deficient chains.
Isolation, characterization, and function of EBAF/LEFTY B: role in infertility

Human endometrium exhibits cyclic stromal and glandular remodeling in preparation of embryo implantation. We identified EBAF/LEFTY B as a soluble cytokine of the TGF-β superfamily that is expressed at a low level in human endometrium during the receptivity period, while it is maximally expressed during perimenstrual and menstrual phases. Transfection of cells with EBAF/LEFTY B resulted in expression of a 42 kD protein that was proteolytically processed to release two polypeptides of 34 and 28 kD. EBAF/LEFTY B causes tissue remodeling by induction of collagenolysis by matrix metalloproteases. In a subset of infertile patients, the expression EBAF/LEFTY B was prematurely increased during the implantation window. We showed that induced overexpression of EBAF/LEFTY B in transgenic mice impairs implantation. EBAF/LEFTY B inhibits the expression of key decidual proteins, IGFBP-1 and PRL, through regulation of transcription factors FOXO1 and ETS1. Together, these findings show that during embryonic development, EBAF/LEFTY B plays important roles in decidualization and embryo implantation.
Teaching Early Modern Philosophy as a Bridge between Causal or Naturalistic and Conceptual Thought

It is a challenge in teaching early modern philosophy to balance historical faithfulness to the arguments and concerns of early modern philosophers and interpreting them as relevant to the kinds of thinking that contemporary undergraduate students find plausible. Early modern philosophy is unique, however, in applying modern scientific method directly to problems concerning nonphysical aspects of reality that our contemporary scientific thought, and with it mainstream contemporary culture, no longer find amenable in their own, independent right to reliable reasoned approaches. At the same time, early modern philosophy often also takes seriously purely conceptual or logically consequential thought in the investigation of these topics, as our mainstream contemporary culture does not. This kind of thought, we argue, is distinctive of philosophy in general and appropriate to nonphysical aspects of reality. Early modern philosophy, then, offers a bridge between the kind of reasoned, objective thought our mainstream culture finds plausible and thought about nonphysical reality or, in general, the thought that characterizes philosophy.
The effects on broiler chicken of polyphosphate injection during commercial processing

Summary The process of injection of 5% polyphosphate solution into the breast of broiler chickens under commercial conditions had a variable but insignificant effect on the weight of water absorbed during immersion chilling and did not influence the amount of fluid lost on thawing or cooking. However, it produced a net increase in the weight of the carcase at all stages (chilling, freezing, thawing and cooking) subsequent to injection. After thawing and cooking a significant tenderizing effect in treated birds was observed.
Explaining Gender Differences in Responses to Supportive Messages: Two Tests of a Dual-Process Approach

We propose a comprehensive explanation for gender differences in responses to supportive communication grounded in a dual-process theory of communication outcomes. Two studies confirmed consistent gender differences in responses by US college students to supportive communication and assessed the mediating effects of an ability factor (cognitive complexity) and two motivational factors (expressive and instrumental orientations) on situation elaboration and message evaluation. Study 1 focused on everyday comforting contexts (N = 318), whereas Study 2 focused on bereavement (N = 103). Both studies found that cognitive complexity mediated gender differences in situation elaboration and further found that cognitive complexity and expressive orientation collectively mediated gender differences in evaluative responses to supportive messages. Theoretical and pragmatic implications of the results are discussed.
Correlates of Senior Center Participation: A National Analysis

This paper presents results of a logit regression analysis of the correlates of senior center participation for a national sample of 13,737 elders from the Supplement on Aging of the 1984 National Health Interview Survey. Significant characteristics were higher levels of social interaction, decreasing income, living alone, fewer ADL-IADL difficulties, being female, and living in suburbs and rural nonfarm areas. Curvilinear relationships between center use and age and education were found. Race, self-reported health status, and residence in urban and rural farm areas were nonsignificant when the other variables were controlled.
Calculating the Time Varying Signal Distribution and PAR in QAM Cable TV Systems

This paper was driven by the need to find the probability of rare peaks in cable TV systems. The paper presents a simple way of calculating the signal distributions. The method is much faster than running simulations. In the process some useful results about the time-varying statistics of the signal as well as the important role played by the pulse shaping filter are presented. The rare peaks are found to be less likely than what is predicted by assuming a normal distribution. Measurements and simulations that confirm the calculations are included.
Factors associated with duration of genital HPV infection

Conclusions: Given that the average survival time 7 months most types of HPV clear in less than a year’s time. Subjects’ sexual behaviors including coital frequency and partner numbers had a significant impact on viral persistence.
On worst-case aggregation analysis for network location problems

Network location problems occur when new facilities must be located on a network, and the network distances between new and existing facilities are important. In urban, regional, or geographic contexts, there may be hundreds of thousands (or more) of existing facilities, in which case it is common to aggregate existing facilities, e.g. represent all the existing facility locations in a zip code area by a centroid. This aggregation makes the size of the problem more manageable for data collection and data processing purposes, as well as for purposes of analysis; at the same time, it introduces errors, and results in an approximating location problem being solved. There seems to be relatively little theory for doing aggregation, or evaluating the results of aggregation; most approaches are based on experimentation or computational studies. We propose a theory that has the potential to improve the means available for doing aggregation.
Taking control of Alzheimer's disease: a training evaluation.

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate a training program for persons with early-stage Alzheimer's disease and their care partners. Care partners were mailed two surveys, one for themselves and one for the person with dementia. Domains covered in the training included an overview of cognitive disorders, treatment of symptoms including medications, research updates and opportunities, memory and safety enhancement techniques, legal and financial planning, driving, ways to stay active, becoming an advocate, and communication. The results indicate a high level of participant satisfaction and impact on current lifestyles. Lifestyle changes such as diet, physical and mental exercises were likely to be made in tandem, by the person with dementia and the care partner together. Further, the results provide insights into the perceptions of the care partners and the persons with dementia as they learn about the disease and live through its progression. The program had positive impacts for the person with d...
T2*-based fiber orientation mapping☆

article i nfo ⁎ relaxation R2 ⁎ Fiber tracking Magnetic susceptibility anisotropy in white matter Susceptibility tensor imaging (STI) Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) Recent MRI studies at high field have observed that, in certain white matter fiber bundles, the signal in T2- weighted MRI (i.e. MRI sensitized to apparent transverse relaxivity) is dependent on fiber orientation θ relative to B0. In this study, the characteristics of this dependency are quantitatively investigated at 7 T using ex-vivo brain specimens, which allowed a large range of rotation angles to be measured. The data confirm the previously suggested variation of R2 (=1/T2*) with θ and also indicate that this dependency takes the shape of a combination of sin2θ and sin4θ functions, with modulation amplitudes (= ΔR2) reaching 6.44±0.15 Hz (or ΔT2=2.91±0.33 ms) in the major fiber bundles of the corpus callosum. This particular dependency can be explained by a model of local, sub-voxel scale magnetic field changes resulting from magnetic susceptibility sources that are anisotropic. As an illustration of a potential use of the orientation dependence of R2, the feasibility of generating fiber orientation maps from R2 ⁎ data is investigated.
FETAL PULMONARY VASODILATION WITH HISTAMINE: MEDIATION BY H1 AND H2 RECEPTORS

Histamine (H) is known to dilate the fetal pulmonary circulation. The receptor characteristics, however, have not been completely described. To do so, we determined dose response curves (DRC) to H and to H with infusion of H1 and/or H2 antagonists in 6 chronically prepared fetal sheep. A cuff electromagnetic flow probe measured blood flow to the left lung (QL). Catheters in the main pulmonary artery and aorta measured pressure. A left pulmonary artery (LPA) catheter allowed local infusion of H thereby minimizing systemic effects. QL increased logarithmically from H doses of 1/2 ng·kg−1 to 16 ng·kg−1. At H = 16 ng·kg−1, QL was 110% over baseline. The DRC plateaued at larger H doses. All H doses up to 125 ng·kg−1 had no effect on systemic or pulmonary pressure or on heart rate. Diphenhydramine (D), an H1 antagonist, given systemically, shifted the DRC to the right with a dose ratio of 26. Cimetidine (C), an H2 antagonist, had a similar effect with a dose ratio of 1.5. Simultaneous D and C resulted in a dose ratio of 55. H1 and H2 receptors were further confirmed by the use of specific H1 (2-pyridylethylamine) and H2 (Dimeprit) agonists. We conclude that the marked sensitivity of the fetal pulmonary circulation to H is mediated through both H1 and H2 receptors. These findings contrast with those of previous studies in the hypoxic adult pulmonary circulation where atypical H2 receptors may be present, but agree with findings in the hypoxic newborn lamb.
A data dependent approach to density estimation

A data dependent approach to density estimation is proposed here. The proposed method requires boundedness and some weak integrability condition on the unknown density, but not any assumption of smoothness. Applications to histogram, kernel, spline and orthogonal series methods are discussed.
Unilateral Versus Multilateral International Sanctions: A Public Choice Perspective

Multilateral economic sanctions can be expected to impose greater terms-of-trade effects on a target nation than unilateral sanctions. Yet despite their potential for greater economic damage, multilateral sanctions often are less effective in bringing about desired political results in the target. An interest-group model of endogenous policy suggests that multilateral sanctions can undermine the political effectiveness of opposition groups in the target country, or strengthen those groups supporting the objectionable policy of the ruling regime. Such perverse effects are due in part to the inability of multilateral coalitions to enforce cooperation among members, and to the appropriation of sanctions rents in the target country. Unilateral sanctions, however, imposed by a country with close ties to the target, are often effective in achieving their intended political objectives.
Degradation of matrix protein from a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of Trichoplusia ni by an endogenous protease.

Abstract The intact matrix protein of a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of Trichoplusia ni could be isolated when a contaminating endogenous protease was inhibited by Hg 2+ . The subunit molecular weight of the intact matrix protein was approximately 28,000. When the protease was not inhibited, the matrix protein was degraded to a mixture of peptides which had a strong tendency to self-associate. The protease-degraded matrix protein preparation could be dissociated by 1.0 M formic acid into a single peptide and a peptide aggregate. The sum of the amino acid compositions of the peptide and peptide aggregate was identical, within experimental error, with the amino acid composition of the intact matrix protein.
PURIFICATION AND SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RED KIDNEY BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS) α‐AMYLASE INHIBITOR

Red kidney bean contains more amylase inhibitor than do California white bean and cowpea while garbanzo bean and Westan and Westley lima beans do not contain inhibitor. Red kidney bean amylase inhibitor was purified to homogeneity by selective heat treatment (60°C) of a water extract at pH 4. 0, fractionation with ethanol and successive chromatography on DEAE- and CM-cellulose chromatography. The inhibitor has an apparent molecular weight of 49,000 by Sephadex gel filtration and contains 8. 6% carbohydrate probably covalently linked via an amide linkage to asparagine. The inhibitor probably contains four subunits perhaps of three different types. The inhibitor is high in aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, threonine and valine, low in cysteine/cystine and does not contain proline. Stable 1:1 complex formation between inhibitor and porcine pancreatic α-amylase was demonstrated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The inhibitor has activity against porcine pancreatic α-amylase, human salivary α-amylase, and Tenebrio molitor (yellow corn meal worm) larval midgut α-amylase but is inactive against Bacillus subtilis α-amylase, Aspergillus oryzae α-amylase, barley α-amylase and red kidney bean α-amylase.
Workers' Participation in the Management of a Polish Textile Factory

One of the significant tenets of the Marxist theory is the thesis about the disappearance of conflict between labor and management as soon as private ownership is replaced by collective ownership. In this paper the thesis is advanced that this is not necessarily so. It seems that other factors than that of collective ownership are more relevant to the reduction of conflict between management and labor. On the basis of empirical data collected in a Polish nationalized factory, we propose that communication between management and labor is more important for the reduction of the usual industrial relations conflict than collective ownership as such. Of course we must warn at the very beginning that we studied only one factory and that the validity of our thesis must be further tested.
A new feature selection algorithm and composite neural network for electricity price forecasting

In a competitive electricity market, the forecasting of energy prices is an important activity for all the market participants either for developing bidding strategies or for making investment decisions. In this paper, a new forecast strategy is proposed for day ahead prediction of electricity price, which is a complex signal with nonlinear, volatile and time dependent behavior. Our forecast strategy includes a new two stage feature selection algorithm, a composite neural network (CNN) and a few auxiliary predictors. The feature selection algorithm has two filtering stages to remove irrelevant and redundant candidate inputs, respectively. This algorithm is based on mutual information (MI) criterion and selects the input variables of the CNN among a large set of candidate inputs. The CNN is composed of a few neural networks (NN) with a new data flow among its building blocks. The CNN is the forecast engine of the proposed strategy. A kind of cross-validation technique is also presented to fine-tune the adjustable parameters of the feature selection algorithm and CNN. Moreover, the proposed price forecast strategy is equipped with a few auxiliary predictors to enrich the candidate set of inputs of the forecast engine. The whole proposed strategy is examined on the PJM, Spanish and Californian electricity markets and compared with some of the most recent price forecast methods.
Spline models for boundary detection/description: formulation and performance evaluation

Abstract This paper describes a hybrid boundary detection method that locates smooth boundaries in noisy images. The boundary estimation involves two steps. The first step identifies statistically homogeneous regions and intermediate regions wherein boundaries lie. In the second step, boundaries are estimated using a linear recursive filter and statistical properties of the homogeneous regions. The boundaries are modeled by spline functions and the model is utilized in two different ways providing either an analytical description of the boundary or individual boundary points. The method has been applied to a number of images and the results are very good.
A Comparison of Methods for Calculating Flow About Irregular Bodies

Calculation of the flow around aerodynamic shapes can lead to difficulties associated with ill-condi tioned matrices. These difficulties become readily apparent when one attempts to improve calculation accuracy by using more singularities to represent the flow. Another type of difficulty arises when the designer chooses a shape which is somewhat irre gular. We have found that these difficulties are alleviated when we use an over-determined set of equations obtained by using more than 2N boundary conditions for a body represented by 2N singularities along the axis. Results obtained using this least- squares approach appear to be less sensitive to local errors in body shape than the commonly used method of simultaneous equations. The problem we have consi dered involves the Fredholm equation of the first kind. It is hoped that the results obtained may have relevance to problems in electrostatics, heat conduc tion, and elasticity that involve this type of integral equation.
Polymorphisms of the dopamine D4 receptor and response to antipsychotic drugs

The dopamine D4 receptor may be a site through which the clinical effects of antipsychotic drugs are mediated. Polymorphisms of a 48 base pair repeat in the third exon of the DRD4 gene code for different length segments in the third intracytoplasmic loop of the D4 receptor. The most common long (seven repeat) form of the D4 receptor has been shown in both physiologic and pharmacologic experiments to respond differently to dopamine agonists and antagonists than do shorter forms of D4. Thus, variants of D4 may partly determine patient response to antipsychotic drugs and, in particular, response to typical neuroleptics, which have a relatively low affinity for the D4 receptor, as compared to clozapine, which has a relatively high affinity for D4. DRD4 polymorphisms in the third intron were characterized in 28 patients with chronic psychosis who responded well to typical neuroleptics, 32 patients who responded well to clozapine, and 57 healthy comparison subjects. Patients responding to typical neuroleptics carried the allele for the long (seven repeat) form of the D4 receptor (allele frequency 8.9%) less frequently than patients responding to clozapine (allele frequency 23.4%, P = 0.046) or healthy comparison subjects (allele frequency 26.3%, P = 0.004). The results of this study suggest that inherited variants of D4 may explain some of the interindividual variation seen in patient response to different classes of antipsychotic medication.
Effect of sampling frequency on trend detection for atmospheric fine mass

A time series model was fitted by site to atmospheric fine particle mass data collected on a daily basis at several sites of the Eastern Fine Particle Visibility Network. The estimated parameters from the model fitting were used in evaluating the effect of different sampling frequencies on the sensitivity of a trend test. The presence of autocorrelation in the data was confirmed and indicates some degree of temporal redundancy in the fine particle mass data. This redundancy was quantified in terms of relative variances of annual means computed for different sampling frequencies and in terms of power curves for a trend test. A diminishing return in terms of power of the trend test was seen for increasing investments in sampling effort. As an example, an increase in sampling rate from once every two days to once every day resulted in a maximum increase in the probability of detecting a trend of 0.04 for the scenarios examined in this report. Thus, sampling frequency can be reduced from once per day to once every other day without a major penalty in terms of decreased power. In general, power of the trend test was insensitive to sampling frequency for short (less than 5 yr) or long (greater than 15 yr) time horizons. However, there were substantial trade-offs between sampling frequency and power of the test for intermediate time horizons (between 5 and 15 yr).
Acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16) with CBFB–MYH11, 3′CBFB deletion, variant t(9;22) with BCR–ABL1, and del(7)(q22q32) in a pediatric patient: case report and literature review

Coexistence of inv(16) and t(9;22) is a rare chromosomal aberration, one that has been described in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), mainly in myeloid blast crisis, and de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Approximately 14 cases have been reported, including only 1 pediatric case. Here we present the case of a 13-year-old boy with a new diagnosis of AML with some features of monocytic differentiation. Conventional cytogenetic analyses on unstimulated blood showed three related abnormal clones with inv(16) in the stemline: 46,XY,inv(16)(p13.1q22)[2]/46,idem,del(7)(q22q32)[16]/46,idem,t(9;22;19)(q34;q11.2;p13.1)[2]. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies on interphase nuclei and previously G-banded metaphases showed a 3'CBFB deletion and confirmed the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome in a t(9;22;19) rearrangement. Deletion 7q31 was also confirmed by interphase FISH analysis. The patient was treated with standard AML chemotherapy plus gemtuzumab as part of a clinical trial. At 10-months follow-up, he was in remission. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a pediatric case of de novo AML with a stemline showing inv(16) along with 3'CBFB deletion, an abnormal clone revealing in addition a del(7)(q22q32), and another clone with a t(9;22;19)(q34;q11.2;p13.1) as an additional abnormality.
Direct writing in three dimensions

Abstract The ability to pattern materials in three dimensions is critical for several emerging technologies, including photonics, microfluidics, microelectromechanical systems, and biomaterials. Direct-write assembly allows one to design and rapidly fabricate materials in complex three-dimensional shapes without the need for expensive tooling, dies, or lithographic masks. Here, recent advances in ink and laser writing techniques are reviewed with an emphasis on the push toward finer feature sizes. Opportunities and challenges associated with direct-write assembly are also highlighted.
Chaotic Behavior of a Symmetric Laminate With Transient Thermal Field

A symmetric isotropic laminate in a simply supported boundary condition is analyzed for its nonlinear dynamic response subjected to a nonuniform transient thermal field. The equation of motion of a modified Duffing type in a decoupled modal form is obtained for both orthotropic and isotropic symmetric laminate from the reduction of the governing equation of motion by using a Galerkin-type method. Thermally induced nonlinear response and thermal mechanically induced response are investigated in a multimode analysis. The influence of the transient thermal field is found to cause drastically different modal response from that due to the steady-state thermal field. Chaos is found being induced by the transient in-plane thermal field, or by both transient in-plane and transverse thermal fields. Unique bifurcation behavior is observed with different thermal frequencies. Different loading levels can cause transition between chaos and quasi-periodic oscillations.
Durkheim and The Structure of Social Action

The analysis of Durkheim in The Structure of Social Action is integral to Parsons's discussion of the utilitarian-positivist tradition and the emergence of a voluntaristic theory of action from it. The four “stages” of theoretical argument in Durkheim can be related directly to the four defining elements of the “utilitarian dilemma,” namely empiricism, rationality, atomism, and the randomness of ends. The most questionable aspect of Parsons's argument is the alleged stubbornness of Durkheim's empiricism. On the other hand, much of the criticism of Parsons's argument, by Pope in particular, although also by Scott and Warner, Is either misdirected or itself questionable. The development and conclusions of Durkheim's moral sociology are as Parsons claims, and form a viable basis for a non-positivist theory of action.
Towards the construction of a standard adjoint GEOS-Chem model

In this paper we present the construction of a standardized adjoint of the global GEOS-Chem model. Adjoint models are powerful tools for estimating the sensitivity of (a function of) the model output with respect to a large number of inputs. The construction of adjoint models is a difficult, labor intensive, and error prone task. The adjoint of gas phase chemistry is generated using the Kinetic PreProcessor (KPP) and parsers to automatically interface KPP with GEOS-Chem are constructed. The adjoints of other individual science processes are generated manually and using automatic differentiation tools, and are validated extensively against finite-differences. The standardized adjoint framework discussed here will allow the world-wide community of GEOS-Chem users to perform sensitivity analyses and 4-D variational data assimilation for initial tracer concentrations, boundary conditions, and emission sources.
Decomposition of roots in a Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem

Mass losses of tethered buried roots of two woody shrubs and two herbaceous annuals buried in plots irrigated at 25 mm·month-1, 6 mm·week-1 and no irrigation were measured. At the end of 1 year, 10–15% of the mass of the herbaceous annual roots remained and 60% of the mass of woody shrub roots remained. There were no differences in mass loss attributable to added water. Rates of mass losses of roots in the Chihuahuan Desert were equal to or higher than those reported from mesic ecosystems. Roots of woody shrubs had relatively constant C:N ratios through the experiment. There was significant N immobilization in Baileya multiradiata roots. Percent mass loss of grass roots, Erioneuron pulchellum, and herbaceous annual roots, B. multiradiata, in plots with termites was 62% and in plots without termites was 15%. These data suggest that subterranean termites are responsible for most of the mass loss and mineralization of carbon and nitrogen in dead grass and herbaceous roots in the northern Chihuahuan Desert.
A psychological perspective interpretation of the attitude-behavior relationship

Abstract In two experiments subjects were shown seven items that described uses for photographs taken of them with an opposite-sex black. The uses formed a graded series ranging from a situation in which only other researchers would see the photos to one in which they would be employed in a nationwide campaign for integration. Subjects were either asked to sign releases so that the photographs could actually be taken and used in the ways specified (behavior) or to indicate their hypothetical agreement or disagreement with each release as part of a survey on attitudes (attitude). In both experiments, the attitude subjects agreed to more of the releases than did the behavior subjects. This difference has been termed an attitude-behavior discrepancy by some researchers. However, in both experiments, behavior subjects judged themselves as no less prejudiced than attitude subjects and scaled agreement with each photographic release as reflecting less prejudice than did attitude subjects. These data are consistent with the interpretation that subjects changed their psychological perspectives ( Ostrom & Upshaw, 1968 ) in order to interpret their own behaviors as attitudinally consistent.
The Depression Care Manager and Mental Health Specialist as Collaborators Within Primary Care

Objective The authors reviewed the implications of the latest generation of health services research studies on primary care practice system changes for depression management, especially in the roles of care managers and mental health specialists. Methods Authors conducted a review of four large, related, multisite trials testing system changes in the delivery of care to depressed, mostly older, primary care patients. Results These studies confirm that older patients are more likely to accept collaborative mental health treatment within primary care than within mental health specialty care. The study results published to date suggest that these system changes produce better outcomes than usual care for depression in a wide range of patients and healthcare organizations. Two key partners in implementing these system changes are a care manager to assist the primary care physician in patient education, treatment, and treatment monitoring, and a mental health specialist to provide care-manager consultation and collaborative care with the primary care physician for more complex cases. Conclusions Most patients with depression first seek attention for their symptoms in primary care, rather than in the mental health specialty sector. Since primary care visits are necessarily brief and pressured by competing demands to manage other medical problems, practice system changes are necessary. For mental health specialists, these studies emphasize the importance of joining and being integrated into primary care. Consultative and supervisory roles allow the specialist to indirectly but effectively serve a larger number of patients.
Atomic-scale study of scattering and electronic properties of CVD graphene grain boundaries

Chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene on polycrystalline copper foil is a demonstrated technique for obtaining large-area, predominantly monolayer graphene. However, such growth results in grain boundaries between rotationally misoriented graphene grains. We employ scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to examine the electronic properties of grain boundaries (GBs) and scattering off them in polycrystalline graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition on Cu foil and transferred to SiO 2 substrates. Spectroscopy shows enhanced empty states tunneling conductance for most of the GBs and a shift towards more n-type doping compared to the bulk of the graphene. Fourier analysis of the electronic superstructure patterns adjacent to GBs indicates that backscattering and intervalley scattering are the dominant mechanisms, leading to the mobility reduction in the presence of GBs in CVD-grown graphene
Attitudes and Social Categories: Complementary Explanations of Innovation-Adoption Behavior

This paper explores the relationships between an individual's attitudes toward innovation adoption, his or her social category with respect to adoption, and innovation-adoption behavior. First the paper describes how attitudes and social categories can theoretically be linked to innovation adoption, and proposes a comprehensive model in which the two sets of variables are viewed as explaining both unique and common variance in adoption behavior. The paper then empirically examines the intercorrelations of attitudes, social categories, and innovation adoption in a real-world situation: The diffusion of five agricultural innovations in a portion of Appalachian Ohio.The results indicate that some attitudes are significantly related to social categories, whereas others are not; both sets of variables are highly associated with innovation adoption, but attitudes more so than social categories; finally, each set of variables explains some unique aspects of innovation adoption. Thus the findings suggest that com...
PLANNING THROUGH COMPULSORY COMMERCIAL CLUBS: BUSINESS IMPROVEMENT DISTRICTS

Business improvement districts (BIDs) have proved successful in providing shared services for businesses within a district. They have made business areas more attractive as a result. This article analyses the origins and successes of BIDs and concludes with some further considerations for policy-makers in the development of the BID concept.
The Oecd Model Tax Treaty: Tax Competition And Two-Way Capital Flows*

Model tax treaties do not require tax rate coordination, but do require that either credits or exemptions be applied to repatriated earnings. This contradicts recent models with a single capital exporter where deductions are most efficient. I incorporate the fact that capital flows are typically bilateral. With symmetric countries, credits by both is the unique and efficient treaty equilibrium. This equilibrium weakly dominates the nontreaty equilibrium. With asymmetric countries, the treaty need not offer improvements without tax harmonization. With harmonization, it is always possible to reach efficient capital allocations while increasing both countries' welfares only if neither uses deductions.
Representation of 3D heterogeneous cloud fields using copulas: Theory for water clouds

It is shown that a general representation of GCM column cloud fraction within probability density function (PDF)-based statistical cloud parametrizations can be obtained using statistical functions called copulas that encapsulate the dependence structure of rank statistics in a multivariate system. Using this theory, a new Gaussian copula formulation of GCM cloud overlap is obtained. The copula approach provides complete flexibility in the choice of the marginal PDF of each layer's moisture and temperature, and, compared with earlier approaches, including the ‘generalized overlap’ approach, allows a far more general specification of the correlation between any pair of layers. It also allows easy addition of new layer variables, such as temperature, into the modelled grid-column statistics. As a preliminary test of this formulation, its ability to statistically describe a cloud-resolving model simulation of a complex multi-layer case-study, including both large-scale and convective clouds, is examined. The Gaussian copula cloud fraction is found to be significantly less biased than other common cloud overlap methods for this case-study. Estimates of several nonlinear quantities are also improved with the Gaussian copula model: the variance of condensed water path and the fluxes of solar and thermal radiation at atmospheric column boundaries. This first paper, though limited to the simpler case of water clouds, addresses subgrid-scale variability in both moisture and temperature. This work is envisaged as a first step towards developing a generalized statistical framework for GCM cloud parametrization and for assimilating statistical information from high-resolution satellite observations into GCMs and global analyses. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Messenger RNA decay and protection

The decay of messenger RNA in Bacillus subtilis has been studied under a variety of conditions which interfere with protein synthesis. Changes in the growth rate produced by altering the medium do not affect the proportion of messenger relative to total RNA. The decay rate has a large temperature coefficient varying roughly as the rate of protein synthesis. However, the decay does not depend on protein synthesis since it occurs normally in the presence of puromycin. Energy starvation produced by anaerobiosis, cyanide or azide markedly protects the messenger from its normal decay as does chloramphenicol. Puromycin will release this protection and restore rapid decay. It is suggested that the messenger is protected by virtue of being held on to a ribosome and the release of the protection occurs when the messenger is released from the ribosome.
Revision and description of two new species of Charliea Mamay from Pennsylvanian strata in New Mexico and Utah, USA

Abstract Originally, Charliea Mamay was considered to be a pinnately compound leaf having linear–oblong ultimate segments with apices divided into two to four, nearly equal truncated lobes when it was described from the Upper Pennsylvanian of New Mexico. However, evaluation of the type material and newly collected specimens of the generitype as well as other fossils representing two new species demonstrates that the ultimate segments are alternately arranged in two rows (two-ranked) on a narrow stem and that the fossil is not a pinnately compound leaf, but a leafy plagiotropic shoot. Moreover, the apical lobes of the ultimate segments are rounded to pointed and not truncated as first thought. The new species, C. guntheri and C. readii, are distinguished from the generitype, C. manzanitana Mamay, in the shape and size of the ultimate segments (here termed leaves), and the smaller number of veins entering the apical lobes. Charliea guntheri and C. readii occur in the Lower Pennsylvanian of Utah and the Upper Pennsylvanian of New Mexico, respectively, and extend the stratigraphic range of the genus significantly. As a consequence, Charliea seems to exhibit what may be referred to as a modified ‘Lazarus effect’ since the species assigned to it occur at the base and top of the Pennsylvanian but not in the intervening interval.