cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attachment and loss experiences during childhood are associated with adult hostility, depression, and social support

Objectives: This study examined developmental antecedents to psychosocial traits in adulthood that have been linked in prior studies to increased risk of heart disease. The hypothesis was tested that early parental loss coupled with poor-quality family relationships (FR) during childhood would be associated with increased hostility and depression, and lower social support in adulthood. Methods: Participants included 30 university students who experienced the death of one parent before the age of 16, and 31 control participants. Questionnaires were completed measuring current social support, hostility, depression, and the quality of FR. Results: Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) supported the hypothesis of maladaptive psychosocial characteristics in loss participants reporting poorer-quality FR. Significant interactions of loss and FR were found for individual variables of depressive symptoms, social support, and hostility. Conclusion: These results provide evidence that parental loss in childhood is associated with health-damaging psychosocial characteristics in adulthood only if the quality of the surviving FR is poor.
Selective dissociation of histones from calf thymus nucleoprotein

Abstract The extent of the dissociation of histones from nucleohistone by increasing concentrations of sodium chloride and sodium perchlorate has been measured. Dissociated histones were separated from nucleohistone in a given salt medium by differential centrifugation. The histone fractions were identified by gel electrophoresis, or, in some preliminary experiments, by column chromatography. Histone fraction I is dissociated from nucleohistone by NaCl in the range of 0.4 to 0.5 m . Histone II is dissociated by 0.8 to 1.2 m -NaCl. Histone III–IV consists of two components B1 and A, by gel electrophoresis. The B1 component is dissociated from native nucleohistone in the range 0.8 to 1.2 m -NaCl, the A component in the range 0.9 to 1.6 m . The NaClO4 studies are not as detailed, but the general result is that the concentration of NaClO4 needed to dissociate a certain histone fraction is about half the concentration of NaCl needed. The dissociation of a histone fraction is somewhat co-operative and takes place over a rather small salt concentration range. These results imply that both electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions contribute to the strength of the binding between histones and DNA. The results of the sedimentation separations were confirmed by electrophoretic separations in different salt concentrations. Furthermore, and as expected, the more histone dissociated from a nucleohistone, the greater the electrophoretic velocity of the latter. The optical melting profiles of partially dissociated nucleohistones in a medium of low salt concentration are intermediate between those of fully covered nucleohistone and DNA. The melting curves for the partially covered materials are broader than those for fully covered nucleohistone or for DNA, but not clearly biphasic. The results therefore suggest that the histones are somewhat heterogeneously distributed along the DNA chain. Fully covered native nucleohistone is insoluble at sodium chloride concentrations in the range 0.15 to 0.30 m . Nucleohistone, from which histone I has been removed by extraction with 0.6 m -NaCl, is soluble in 0.15 to 0.30 m -NaCl.
Dimensionless Parameter Scaling of Transport in DIII-D

A comprehensive series of dimensionless parameter scaling experiments has been undertaken in the DIII-D tokamak with the goals of guiding turbulent transport theories and predicting confinement in future devices. These studies have measured the dependences of transport on the relative gyroradius, beta, collisionality, safety factor, cross-section shape, and ratio of ion to electron temperature. The results from these experiments, which are mainly in favor of drift wave turbulent transport, point to a favorable path for increasing the fusion performance in burning plasma devices.
Breaking down the barriers of cockpit metal in magnetic head tracking

Application of technology for head-slaved pointing of imaging and weapons systems has been employed in military cockpits for many years. As the sophistication of the aircraft systems increases and the dynamics of the operational needs of head-slaved systems become more complex, a technology that meets this challenging need is required. A technology that appears to answer this need is magnetic head tracking. However, even magnetic technology with its low latency, high dynamic performance, and solid-state reliability has fundamental issues that complicate its introduction into the challenging environment of the aircraft cockpit. This paper addresses the barriers commonly associated with the technology and discusses the results of a new-generation magnetic-based head tracker that breaks down and removes these barriers.
Enhanced radiation efficiency of electrically small microstrip antennas

By inserting width discontinuities in the middle of a rectangular microstrip patch, the length of a microstrip antenna can be significantly reduced at a given operating frequency. However, as the antenna size is reduced, the radiation efficiency becomes degraded. In this paper, it is shown that the radiation efficiency is improved substantially when the single junction at each width discontinuity is replaced by multiple junctions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 62–64, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11127
Microwave dielectric properties of brown adipose tissue (BAT)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is prevalent in mammals that lack the capability to produce enough heat to stay warm due to their surroundings, i.e. shivering. This form of thermogenisis is found in new born children, and while it was believed to change into a type of white adipose tissue by adulthood, BAT has been discovered along the neck and torso in adults. While occurrence of BAT in adults is limited, its presence is becoming better known. Unlike white adipose tissue, BAT contains a significant amount of mitochondria, which leads to the browning in color. The mitochondria assist in converting high amounts of glucose and lipids into the necessary heat for the individual to stay warm. Not only does this conversion provide heat, it also provides assistance in increasing metabolic output. Several recent studies proposed the possibility of manipulating BAT to reverse the obesity in adults. One big challenge in developing drugs to stimulate BAT is that there is no technology available to continuously monitor its activity. To overcome this challenge, in collaboration with our colleagues from Duke Medical School, we are currently designing a small radiometer to continuously monitor temperatures at the BAT site in the body. Because the radiometer operates at microwave frequencies, the design requires the knowledge of BAT microwave electrical properties. Thus, in this study, we performed microwave dielectric property measurements of BAT samples extracted from rats between 500 MHz and 20 GHz. We used Agilent 85070 E dielectric slim form probe, a fiber optic temperature probe, and a water bath. The tissues dielectric properties are measured at a temperature range from 25 °C to 45 °C. Based on these measurements, we have developed first- and second-order cole-cole models. We will present dielectric constant, electrical conductivity and cole-cole model data over the frequency range of interest.
Partial substitution of Li for Cu in superconducting YBa2Cu3Oy

0.33–33% of the Cu in superconducting YBa2Cu3O y has been replaced by Li (i.e.,x=0.01–1 in single-phase or nominal YBa2Cu3−x LixOy). X-ray diffraction powder patterns remain the same as for YBn2Cu3O y , with identical patterns up to about 17% substitution (i.e.,x=0.5). At higher percentages an additional phase appears. Electrical conductivity measurements indicate a small elevation ofT c at low Li content. Starting at about 5% Li (x=0.15),T c declines progressively and its width increases asx is raised.
Progress for on-line acoustic emission monitoring of cracks in reactor systems

Abstract This paper reviews accomplishments and planned tasks for the NRC-sponsored research program concerned with “Acoustic Emission/Flaw Relationships for Inservice Monitoring of Nuclear Reactor Pressure Boundaries”. The objective of the acoustic emission (AE) monitoring program is to develop and validate the use of AE methods for continuous surveillance of reactor pressure boundaries to detect flaw growth. Topics discussed include testing AE monitoring on reactors, refinement of an AE signal identification relationship, study of slow crack growth rate effects on AE generation, and activity to produce an ASTM standard for AE monitoring and to gain ASME code acceptance of AE monitoring.
Intramolecular cyclization of 2'-olepinic side-chains on anodically oxidized 4-phenylphenols. The effect of olefin substituents on carbon—carbon bond formation

Abstract The anodic oxidation of 4-(2′-alkenyfphenyl)phenols in acetonitrile/methanol affords spirodienones arising from cyclization of the olefinic side-chain to the 4-position of the phenol and reaction of the resulting benzylic cation with methanoi. The efficiency of this carbon—carbon bond-forming reaction is dependent upon the olefinic substituents.
Maximal dentate activation: a tool to screen compounds for activity against limbic seizures

Abstract A model of partial complex (limbic) seizures in the anesthetized rat based on the phenomenon of maximal dentate activation was used to study the effect of various known antiepileptic drugs. maximal dentate activation consists of a distinct triad of large amplitude population spikes, associated with a rise in [K + ] 0 to 10 mM and a negative shift of the DC potential. Repeated stimulation produces lengthening of the duration of maximal dentate activation (mimicking the lengthening of afterdischarges that occurs during kindling) and a decrease in the time to onset of maximal dentate activation. Diazepam (3 mg/kg), carbamazepine (50 mg/kg) and phenobarbital (60 mg/kg) caused a reversible reduction in the duration of maximal dentate activation. Carbamazepine (30 mg/kg) and phenobarbital (20 mg/kg) prevented the lengthening of maximal dentate activation that occurs with repeated elicitation while phenytoin (80 mg/kg), ethosuximide (300 mg/kg) and valproic acid (300 mg/kg) had no effect. The doses of these known antiepileptic drugs agree with the doses efficacious against limbic seizures in awake rats. This suggests that the ability to shorten the duration of maximal dentate activation provides a useful means to screen compounds for activity against partial complex seizures.
Parallel adders using standard plas

PLA adders are described that add in one cycle and require a reasonable number of product terms for an 8, 16, or even a 32-bit adder. A procedure is also described for minimizing the number of product terms for any size adder.
IMPACT OF HIDDEN PROFILES ON DISTRIBUTED COGNITION IN SPATIALLY DISTRIBUTED DECISION-MAKING TEAMS

This study continues research from McNeese (2000) and was designed to examine the effects of hidden knowledge profiles on perceptually anchored team cognition and knowledge transfer in distributed teams. Previous work showed that individuals in perceptually anchored distributed teams were able to quickly access applicable knowledge, then transfer that knowledge to answer similarly situated problems. Perceptual anchors provide the basis for formulating team mental models, which can be used to assess situations and resolve differences in individual, unique knowledge. In the present experiment, it was again hypothesized that individuals working in perceptually anchored distributed teams would be better able to transfer knowledge, than teams without anchors. It was also hypothesized that perceptually anchored distributed teams would be better able to share uniquely held information, make better decisions, identify information discrepancies, and overcome the presence of hidden knowledge profiles better than no...
Temperature and Light and Broiler Growth 2

Abstract DURING the collection of heat and moisture production data from broilers (Reece et al., 1969), it was noted that when house temperatures rose above approximately 26–29°C. there was a drastic decrease in sensible heat removal from the broiler house. The birds were under continuous light in the heat and moisture production study. The decrease in sensible heat production with a subsequent decrease in total heat production during hours of high temperature indicated a possible change in the metabolism complex of the bird. One theory postulated was that the sensible heat production was an indicator of growth; that is, the birds were attaining most of their growth when the temperature was below 26–29° C. To test this theory, the following study was conducted. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Commercial broiler chicks were reared from 1 day to 3 weeks of age as a group for each of two repetitions using standard brooding…
Interferon-Induced Protein Ifit2 Protects Mice from Infection of the Peripheral Nervous System by Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

The interferon system provides the first line of host defense against virus infection. Mouse pathogenesis studies have revealed the importance of specific interferon-induced proteins in providing protection against specific viruses. We have previously reported that one such protein, Ifit2, protects neurons of the central nervous system from intranasal infection by the neurotropic rhabdovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Here, we demonstrate that Ifit2 protects the peripheral nervous system from VSV infection as well. In Ifit2−/− mice, VSV, injected subcutaneously into the footpad, entered the proximal lymph node, where it replicated and infected the nodal nerve endings. The infection spread to the sciatic nerve, the spinal cord, and the brain, causing paralysis. In contrast, in the wild-type mice, although VSV replicated equally well in the lymph node, infection of the sciatic nerve and the rest of the nervous system was impaired, thus preventing paralysis. Ifit2 protected only the nervous system from VSV infection; other tissues were well protected even in Ifit2−/− mice. These results indicate that Ifit2 is the interferon-induced protein that prevents VSV infection of neurons of both the peripheral and the central nervous systems, thus inhibiting the consequent neuropathy, but it is dispensable for protecting the cells of other tissues from VSV infection. IMPORTANCE Although viral infection is quite common, the immune system effectively protects us from viral diseases. A major part of this protection is mediated by interferon, the antiviral cytokine secreted by virus-infected cells. To empower the neighboring uninfected cells in combating the oncoming infection, interferon induces the synthesis of more than 200 new proteins, many of which have antiviral activities. The virus studied here, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), like its relative, rabies virus, can cause neuropathy in mice if it enters the peripheral nervous system through skin lesions; however, interferon can protect neurons from VSV infection. We have identified a specific interferon-induced protein, Ifit2, as the protein that protects neurons from VSV infection. Surprisingly, Ifit2 was not needed to protect other cell types from VSV. Our results indicate that the effector antiviral proteins of the interferon system have highly specialized functions.
El perjuicio reparable solo por la declaración de nulidad como estándar de invalidez de las actuaciones procesales civiles

El articulo estudia que debe entenderse por perjuicio reparable solo por la declaracion de nulidad en el proceso civil, en cuanto estandar de invalidez de las actuaciones procesales. Para ello, se aborda el tema de la instrumentalidad de los requisitos procesales como fundamento del principio de trascendencia, para luego analizar las caracteristicas del perjuicio como estandar de invalidez, a partir de la premisa de que se trata de una opcion legislativa antiformalista que busca principalmente resguardar los derechos de los litigantes.
Luminescence of erbium doped aluminum nitride nanoparticles synthesized using inert gas condensation

Erbium doped aluminum nitride (AlN:Er) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using the inert gas condensation (IGC) technique. As deposited AlN:Er NPs with 30 nm to 100 nm diameters were observed using transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Photoluminescence from selected NPs showed Er3+ ion emission peaks similar to those seen in Er doped AlN thin films: 540 nm and 560 nm with peak widths of 6 nm and 10 nm respectively. Luminescence from NPs that were heated in air at 1000 °C consisted of several sharp overlapping peaks in the range of 535 nm to 565 nm. As in thin films, the relative intensity of characteristic Er peaks of these AlN:Er NPs was confirmed to be temperature dependent. This makes Er doped NPs useful for nano-thermometers. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simultaneous synthesis of buses, data mapping and memory allocation for MPSoC

Heterogeneous multiprocessors are emerging as the dominant implementation approach to embedded multiprocessor systems. In addition to having processing elements suited to the target applications, these systems will also have custom memory and bus architectures. Because of performance and cost constraints, these systems must be carefully designed to balance system partitioning and resource sharing. The sheer size of the design space requires that tools be able to do this balancing. We have developed an augmented simulated annealing synthesis tool that uses system performance and layout evaluation to drive simultaneous data mapping, memory allocation and bus synthesis. Performing these optimizations at the same time, our tool is able to explore a larger design space and take advantage of cost-saving resource sharing unavailable to previous approaches that allocate memories before synthesizing buses. This results in 20% cost reduction for high-performance designs as well as 27% for low-cost designs in comparison with an approach that performs memory allocation and data mapping separately from bus synthesis.
Effects of an Amine Fluoride Mouthrinse and Dentifrice on the Gingival Health and the Extent of Plaque of School Children

A study to test the efficacy of two amine fluoride products in reducing the extent of plaque and the degree of gingivitis was conducted with 6th-grade school children in Pensacola, Florida. The treatment regimens consisted of a daily supervised mouthrinse at school and the ad libitum home use of a dentifrice. Examinations were conducted at 12-week and 20-week intervals after the treatment had begun. There was no recognizable difference between the plaque and gingival reductions achieved with the use of the amine fluoride dentifrice or mouthrinse when compared either with their inorganic counterparts or with placebo treatment vehicles
Snakebite During Pregnancy: A Literature Review

Objective To review reported bites by venomous snakes in pregnant women. Methods This is a review of Medline/PubMed articles on venomous snakebites occurring during pregnancy reported in the English literature from 1966 to May 2009. Results Two hundred thirteen venomous snakebites were reported in pregnant women. The overall case-fatality rate in the pregnant females was approximately 4%, and the fetal loss rate was approximately 20%. Conclusions Although rare, venomous bites and stings during pregnancy may have a significant adverse effect on the fetus as well as the mother.
A set of triphase coded waveforms: Design, analysis and application to radar system

Based on the Zero Correlation Zone (ZCZ) concept, we present the definition and properties of a set of new triphase coded waveforms -ZCZ sequence-pair set (ZCZPS) in this paper and propose a method to use the optimized punctured sequence-pair along with Hadamard matrix construct the optimized punctured ZCZ sequence-pair set (optimized punctured ZCZPS). According to property analysis under the Doppler shift condition, the optimized punctured ZCZPS has good autocorrelation and cross correlation properties when Doppler shift is not large. We apply it to radar target detection. The simulation results show that optimized punctured ZCZ sequence-pairs (optimized punctured ZCZPs) outperform other conventional pulse compression codes, such as the well known polyphase code-P4 code.
Functional Macroautophagy Induction by Influenza A Virus without a Contribution to Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II-Restricted Presentation.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-presented peptides can be derived from both exogenous (extracellular) and endogenous (biosynthesized) sources of antigen. Although several endogenous antigen-processing pathways have been reported, little is known about their relative contributions to global CD4(+) T cell responses against complex antigens. Using influenza virus for this purpose, we assessed the role of macroautophagy, a process in which cytosolic proteins are delivered to the lysosome by de novo vesicle formation and membrane fusion. Influenza infection triggered productive macroautophagy, and autophagy-dependent presentation was readily observed with model antigens that naturally traffic to the autophagosome. Furthermore, treatments that enhance or inhibit macroautophagy modulated the level of presentation from these model antigens. However, validated enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assays of influenza-specific CD4(+) T cells from infected mice using a variety of antigen-presenting cells, including primary dendritic cells, revealed no detectable macroautophagy-dependent component. In contrast, the contribution of proteasome-dependent endogenous antigen processing to the global influenza CD4(+) response was readily appreciated. The contribution of macroautophagy to the MHC class II-restricted response may vary depending upon the pathogen.
Quantifying geographic variation in physiological performance to address the absence of invading species

ABSTRACT An estuarine snail (Batillaria attramentaria), introduced to northern California marshes, is displacing a native confamilial mudsnail (Cerithidea californica) through superior competition for shared, limiting food resources. Batillaria, however, is absent from similar marsh habitats in southern California. I tested whether regional-scale variation in relative performance (growth) of the snails may have influenced Batillaria's invasion pattern. I quantified growth using RNA:DNA ratios (a growth index that I ground-truthed with direct growth measurements) for snails collected throughout their entire collective North American distribution. Batillaria exhibited a high growth rate that was more than double Cerithidea's growth rate in sympatric populations. A broad-scale relationship of species' growth rates against latitude projected an amply adequate growth rate for Batillaria in southern California where it is presently absent. Furthermore, growth rates of Cerithidea did not increase in southern Cal...
Economic evaluation of the 80% baccalaureate nurse workforce recommendation: a patient-level analysis.

Background: Higher proportions of BSN-educated nurses were associated with improved outcomes in hospital-level studies. A recent Institute of Medicine report calls for increasing the proportion of BSN-educated nurses to 80% by 2020. Patient-level evidence of cost and quality implications of the 80% BSN threshold is needed for a business case to support these efforts. Objectives: To conduct the economic analysis of meeting the 80% BSN threshold on patient outcomes and costs, using linked patientnurse data.
Risk factors and clinical implication of superimposed Campylobacter jejuni infection in patients with underlying ulcerative colitis

Background and aims: Superimposed Campylobacter jejuni infection (CJI) has been described in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Its risk factors and impact on the disease course of UC are not known. Our aims were to evaluate the risk factors for CJI in UC patients and the impact of the bacterial infection on outcomes of UC. Methods: Out of a total of 918 UC patients tested, 21 (2.3%) of patients were found to be positive for CJI (the study group). The control group comprised 84 age-matched UC patients who had tested negative for CJI. Risk factors for CJI and UC-related outcomes at 1 year after diagnosis of CJI were compared between the two groups. Results: Ten patients (47.6%) with CJI required hospital admission at the time of diagnosis, including eight for the management of “UC flare”. Treatment with antibiotics resulted in improvement in symptoms in 13 patients (61.9%). On multivariate analysis, hospital admission in the preceding year was found to be an independent risk factor for CJI [odds ratio (OR): 3.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1‐14.1] and there was a trend for chronic liver disease as a strong risk factor (OR: 5.0; 95% CI: 0.9‐28.3). At 1-year follow up, there was a trend for higher rates of UC-related colectomy (28.8% vs. 14.3%; P ¼ 0.11), and mortality (9.5% vs. 1.2%; P ¼ 0.096) in the study group. Conclusion: Recent hospitalization within 1 year was found to be associated with increased risk for CJI in UC patients. There was a trend for worse clinical outcomes of UC with in patients with superimposed CJI, which was frequently associated with UC flare requiring hospital admission.
Combined Discrete and Continuous Modeling of Construction Activities Using Three Phase Activity Scanning Approach

Construction operations have been modeled and simulated using DiscreteEvent Simulation (DES) with effectiveness and fidelity that has continuously increased over the past four decades. Construction operations often include activities that are simultaneously continuous and stochastic in nature and these activities have typically been modeled by discretization and in some cases using combined discretecontinuous simulation, which presents severe limitations and difficulties in accurate modeling of the system under study. This paper presents a combined discrete and continuous approach that utilizes methods optimized for modeling and simulation of continuous construction activities within the three phase scanning algorithm of a discrete event simulator. The approach includes support for modeling dependent data set, mixed modeling of discrete and continuous activities, discrete and continuous resource flows and other algorithms to improve accuracy and efficiency of the modeling process and simulation results. As part of the study, these methods were implemented as an extension to STROBOSCOPE, a powerful DES tool optimized for construction simulation. A case study of road paving operation is presented to demonstrate improvements and advantages of the combined approach for modeling and simulation of discrete and continuous models for construction operations.
Never Enough: One Lawyer's True Story of How He Gambled His Career Away

I had traveled from Las Vegas to my home town of Ann Arbor to attend the game—Ohio State versus Michigan. My cell phone rang; on the line was Mike Burke. He wanted to discuss pathological gambling with me, as he had found my name on a Google site focusing on gambling. He began his story. He had been a solo practicing attorney but was disbarred after revelations that he had stolen well over a million dollars of client funds to support his gambling. He served three years in Michigan’s Jackson Prison. I told him my cell phone would not hold out too long, and that I was not in Las Vegas, but rather 30 miles down the road from him. I suggested that if he really wanted to talk, we could do so in person. He agreed, and in less than an hour, we met.
Protocol Sentences for Lite Logicism

According to the late Richard Jeffrey’s “lite logicism”, a kind of a cross between Frege-Russell logicism and Hilbert’s formalism, mathematics is logical only in the sense in which physics is empirical: the data of mathematics are logical, as the data of physics are empirical, though in each case a theoretical structure of the science goes far beyond the data. After this view is introduced and compared and contrasted with others, the question just what form the “protocol sentences” or reports of data are to take is examined.
Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy

We describe the cognitive model of psychopathology and the treatment approaches informed by it, with a specific focus on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression. We also describe variants of CBT for depression that have been adapted to address panic disorder and schizophrenia. Findings from outcome studies that characterize the benefits of CBT for these three diagnostic groups are summarized, as are findings concerning the prediction of response and the processes that account for success in CBT.
Mitochondrial Lysine Uptake Limits Hepatic Lysine Oxidation in Rats Fed Diets Containing 5, 20 or 60% Casein

Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allotted to receive diets containing 5, 20 or 60% casein. Rats had access to the diet only during the initial 8 h of the daily 12-h dark period. Hepatic mitochondrial lysine uptake, lysine alpha-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) and saccharopine dehydrogenase (SacD) activities, and in vitro lysine oxidation (LOX) were measured 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after the start of the dark period. Diurnal variation of mitochondrial lysine uptake was not detected (P > 0.10) although uptake varied 3-fold over 24 h. Mitochondrial lysine uptake was greater (P < 0.05) for rats fed diets containing 60% casein than for rats fed diets containing 5% casein. Diurnal variation of LKR was detected (P < 0. 05) in rats fed diets containing 20 and 60% casein. Diurnal variation of SacD was detected (P < 0.05) in rats fed diets containing 60% casein. Increased casein consumption resulted in increased LKR and SacD activities (4- to 5-fold; P < 0.05). Diurnal variation of LOX was detected in rats fed diets containing 20 and 60% casein (P < 0.05). Increasing the casein concentration in the diet from 5 to 60% resulted in a 7-fold increase in LOX (P < 0.05). To make rate comparisons, LKR and SacD activities and LOX were predicted from a range of substrate concentrations (0.1 to 5.0 mmol/L). Overall, LKR and SacD were 6-107 times that of LOX, suggesting that, in liver, mitochondrial lysine uptake limits LOX.
The LRE Map disclosed

This paper describes a serialization of the LRE Map database according to the RDF model. Due to the peculiar nature of the LRE Map, many ontologies are necessary to model the map in RDF, including newly created and reused ontologies. The importance of having the LRE Map in RDF and its connections to other open resources is also addressed.
Ketamine disrupts theta synchrony across the septotemporal axis of the CA1 region of hippocampus

The hippocampal theta signal reflects moment-to-moment variation in the synchrony of synaptic input to hippocampal neurons. Consistent with the topography of hippocampal afferents, the synchrony (c...
Cohesion and Commitment in Employers' Organizations

C OHESION and commitment of employers are two important factors in the relationship between organized business and other social groups, or, for that matter, in the relationship between the members of any group and their social environment. As the terms are used here, "commitment" refers to the acceptance of a group's goals, and "cohesion" to the formal union of members in a group or movement. Employers' movements are characterized by varying concern about commitment or cohesion.' This difference in emphasis apparently has a determining influence on an organization's status in society. Its position, of course, is also influenced by the goals involved and by a variety of other factors, including the aims-in-view and the organizational strength of other organizations. In order to assess fully the role of business in a pluralistic society, one would have to compare the material, ideological, and organizational resources of all interdependent. units. But, lacking such a synopsis, the study of business objectives and their acceptance and a review of employer cohesion will go a long way toward explaining the structure and function of organized management in a particular society. The publication of two histories of employers' movements in France and in Germany has made possible a comparison of different organizational policies and their results in terms of our major concepts. The contrasts are surprisingly clear. Whereas the German employers' movement can be traced back to the late i88o's, the French confederation was
Effects of in ovo injection of theophylline and electrolyte solutions on hatchability and growth of broilers from day 0 to day 10 post-hatch

The in ovo feeding of supplemental nutrients, electrolytes and stimulants during late embryogenesis has the potential of benefitting subsequent broiler performance. Therefore, the effects of the automated in ovo injection of 200 μL of a 1:400 carbohydrate/electrolyte nutrient solution, 5.0 mM tripotassium citrate, or 1.0 mM creatine in combination with 5.5 mM potassium chloride and 1.0 mM theophylline solution on hatchability and post-hatch performance of Ross x Ross 308 broilers were investigated. Non-injected and 117 mM saline-injected controls were included. All 5 treatment groups, each containing 20 eggs, were equally represented on each of 4 replicate tray levels in a single incubator. All eggs were incubated under standard incubation conditions with incubator dry and wet bulb temperature set at 37.6 and 29.0°C, respectively. Treatment solutions were injected into the amnion of embryos on d 18 of incubation. After hatch, chicks were brooded under standard commercial grow-out conditions. Hatchability; BW on d 0 (d of hatch), 3 and 10 post-hatch; d 3 yolk sac weight and yolk sac moisture concentration and post-hatch mortality were not affected by any injection treatments. Plasma refractive index decreased and liver moisture concentration of broiler progeny increased between d 3 and 10 post-hatch; however, no treatment effects on either parameter were observed. The current study indicated that the tested stimulant solutions had no detrimental effects on broiler hatchability or post-hatch performance, suggesting their potential use alone or in combination in the commercial injection of broiler hatching eggs to improve growth and post-hatch broiler performance.
Biochemical Studies on the Iguana

SummaryTwo species of large lizards, Iguana iguana rhinolopha (common iguana) and Ctenosaura acanthura (black iguana) were studied. The following analyses were performed on blood and/or plasma of both species: pH, CO2, Cl, Na, K, Ca, Mg, protein, urea, uric acid, creatinine, glucose, hematocrit, oxygen capacity, and mean corpuscular volume. There was little difference in the average values for the two species with the exception of pH, CO2, and chlorides. Although the total ionic concentration of the plasma was about the same for both, the Common Iguana appeared to be more alkaline than the Black Iguana. The urines and total ashes were analyzed for Na, K, Ca, Mg, and chloride. Uric acid, Na, K, and Ca analyses were done on dried excreta.
A high transmission broadband gradient index lens using elastic shell acoustic metamaterial elements.

The use of cylindrical elastic shells as elements in acoustic metamaterial devices is demonstrated through simulations and underwater measurements of a cylindrical-to-plane wave lens. Transformation acoustics of a circular region to a square dictate that the effective density in the lens remain constant and equal to that of water. Piecewise approximation to the desired effective compressibility is achieved using a square array with elements based on the elastic shell metamaterial concept developed by Titovich and Norris [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 136(4), 1601–1609 (2014)]. The sizes of the elements are chosen based on availability of shells, minimizing fabrication difficulties. The tested device is neutrally buoyant comprising 48 elements of nine different types of commercial shells made from aluminum, brass, copper, and polymers. Simulations indicate a broadband range in which the device acts as a cylindrical to plane wave lens. The experimental findings confirm the broadband quadropolar response from approximately 20 to 40 kHz, with positive gain of the radiation pattern in the four plane wave directions.
Inactivation of Cone-Specific Phototransduction Genes in Rod Monochromatic Cetaceans

Vertebrate vision is mediated by two types of photoreceptors, rod and cone cells. Rods are more sensitive than cones in dim light, but are incapable of color discrimination because they possess only one type of photosensitive opsin protein (rod opsin = RH1). By contrast, cones are more important for vision in bright light. Cones also facilitate dichromatic color vision in most mammals because there are two cone pigment genes (SWS1, LWS) that facilitate color discrimination. Cone monochromacy occurs when one of the cone opsins (usually SWS1) is inactivated and is present in assorted subterranean, nocturnal, and aquatic mammals. Rod monochromacy occurs when both cone photoreceptors are inactivated, resulting in a pure rod retina. The latter condition is extremely rare in mammals and has only been confirmed with genetic evidence in five cetacean lineages, golden moles, armadillos, and sloths. The first genetic evidence for rod monochromacy in these taxa consisted of inactivated copies of both of their cone pigment genes (SWS1, LWS). However, other components of the cone phototransduction cascade are also predicted to accumulate inactivating mutations in rod monochromats. Here, we employ genome sequences and exon capture data from four baleen whales (bowhead, two minke whales, fin whale) and five toothed whales (sperm whale, Yangtze River dolphin, beluga, killer whale, bottlenose dolphin) to test the hypothesis that rod monochromacy is associated with the inactivation of seven genes (GNAT2, GNB3, GNGT2, PDE6C, PDE6H, CNGA3, CNGB3) in the cone phototransduction cascade. Cone-monochromatic toothed whales that retain a functional copy of LWS (beluga, Yangtze River dolphin, killer whale, bottlenose dolphin) also retain intact copies of other cone-specific phototransduction genes, whereas rod monochromats (Antarctic minke whale, common minke whale, fin whale, bowhead whale, sperm whale) have inactivating mutations in five or more genes in the cone phototransduction cascade. The only shared inactivating mutations that were discovered occur in the three Balaenoptera species (two minke whales, fin whale), further suggesting that rod monochromacy evolved independently in two clades of baleen whales, Balaenopteroidea and Balaenidae. We estimate that rod monochromacy evolved first in Balaenopteroidea (~28.8 Ma) followed by P. macrocephalus (~19.5 Ma) and Balaenidae (~13.0 Ma).
Bacterial Folates Provide an Exogenous Signal for C. elegans Germline Stem Cell Proliferation

Here we describe an in vitro primary culture system for Caenorhabditis elegans germline stem cells. This culture system was used to identify a bacterial folate as a positive regulator of germ cell proliferation. Folates are a family of B-complex vitamins that function in one-carbon metabolism to allow the de novo synthesis of amino acids and nucleosides. We show that germ cell proliferation is stimulated by the folate 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate-Glun both in vitro and in animals. Other folates that can act as vitamins to rescue folate deficiency lack this germ cell stimulatory activity. The bacterial folate precursor dihydropteroate also promotes germ cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, despite its inability to promote one-carbon metabolism. The folate receptor homolog FOLR-1 is required for the stimulation of germ cells by 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate-Glun and dihydropteroate. This work defines a folate and folate-related compound as exogenous signals to modulate germ cell proliferation.
Selectivity Control in the Catalytic Dehydration of Methyl Lactate: The Effect of Pyridine

Catalytic dehydration of biomass-derived methyl lactate to produce acrylic acid and its esters promises a renewable route to produce a major commodity chemical. Alkali metal cation exchanged zeolites are capable of catalyzing this reaction; however, selectivity control toward the dehydration pathway remains a challenge. Through combined kinetic and transmission spectroscopic investigations, we demonstrate that introducing pyridine, a base, to the reaction feed increases selectivity to acrylates while inhibiting the formation of side products (i.e., acetaldehyde and coking). The ratio of the turnover frequencies for the desired dehydration and undesired decarbonylation pathways (TOFDH/TOFAD) increases by a factor of ∼20 when pyridine is included in the feed (pyridine/methyl lactate 1/10), in comparison to the case where pyridine is absent. Transmission FTIR investigations show that the reduced decarbonylation activity can be directly related to pyridine quenching Bronsted acid sites generated during the re...
A Suit for the Teacher

(1961). A Suit for the Teacher. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 32, No. 8, pp. 24-25.
Shī'ī Islam: Shī‘ism in the Modern World

Shī‘ism in the Modern World Section 3 documented the development of three Shī‘ī communities from their origins in early Islam to their assumption of a “classical” form. The Zaydīs oscillated between Sunnī and Shī‘ī orientations depending on political circumstances. The Ismā‘īlīs were led by an inerrant Imām from a single genetic line with the unilateral ability to create doctrine and law. After the disappearance of their twelfth Imām, the Twelvers vested his authority in rationalist scholars, who were increasingly complicit in the exercise of political power. In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, Zaydī, Ismā‘īlī, and Twelver Shī‘ism were challenged by the emergence of new technologies, political ideologies, and religious forces. Similar changes had occurred in previous centuries, but the pace and scope of modern transformations were unprecedented. In addition, each community had to deal with the rising power of Europe, the influence of which was difficult to avoid even in areas spared direct colonization, such as northern Yemen and Iran.
Natriuretic Peptides, Their Receptors and Therapeutic Applications

Natriuretic peptides are an ancient family of hormones/paracrine factors that regulate blood pressure, cardiovascular homeostasis, and long bone growth. The mammalian family consists of atrial natriuretic peptide, B-type natriuretic peptide, and C-type natriuretic peptide. All three peptides are derived from separate genes, but share a common 17-amino-acid disulfide ring that is required for biological activity. A family of three cell-surface receptors binds natriuretic peptides. Two are receptor guanylyl cyclases, enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of the intracellular second messenger, cyclic guanosine mononucleotide, whereas one is a clearance receptor that controls local natriuretic peptide concentrations via constitutive receptor-mediated endocytosis. In this article, the structure, function, and regulation of each hormone and receptor are discussed.
Creation of an animal model for long gap pure esophageal atresia

Long gap pure esophageal atresia (LGPEA) is a congenital disorder in which the esophagus is in discontinuity, and the proximal and distal ends cannot be anastomosed in a primary fashion. No animal model for pure esophageal atresia exists. Here we describe a survival animal model for LGPEA, which will ultimately serve to test novel devices and techniques to restore continuity. A non-survival study was first conducted in six rabbits to refine a protocol for the survival model. An open gastrostomy tube was placed, followed by a partial esophagectomy. Next, a survival study was performed with seven rabbits in which the same procedures were performed. Finally, the procedure was optimized in domestic swine. Despite developing the techniques and gaining valuable information in the non-survival study, none of the rabbits in the survival portion of the study lived beyond post-operative day four. Due to this complication with the rabbit, the LGPEA model was attempted in a porcine model. The pig survived to post-operative day ten, and was healthy enough to be used for further study. A porcine model of long gap pure esophageal atresia was developed which is effective and feasible to be used for testing new methods of treatment of LGPEA.
Abstract 3138: Hospitalization Costs for Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Endovascular Embolectomy in the United States

Background and Purpose- It is important to know the costs for hospitalization for endovascular embolectomy patients so that comparisons can be made to payments to hospitals. Methods- Using the Nati...
Aromatic polyesters derived from 5,5′-disubstituted bis(m-phenylene) crown ethers

Abstract A new monomer of the AB type, 5-carboxy-1,3-phenylene-5′-hydroxy-1′,3′-phenylene-32-crown-10 (5), was synthesized. Direct polymerizations of bis(5-hydroxy-1,3-phenylene)-32-crown-10 (13), an AA diphenolic macrocyclic monomer, with BB diacid monomer bis(5-carboxy-1,3-phenylene)-26-crown-8 (14) and its larger analog bis(5-carboxy-1,3-phenylene)-32-crown-10 (16) were accomplished via the Higashi method. The resultant polyesters 15 and 17, which both contain two macrocycles per repeat unit, were soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform and tetrahydrofuran, amorphous in nature and possessed high thermal stability (5% weight loss > 370 °C in air). Main chain poly(ester crown ether)s 18 and 19 based on bis(5-carboxy-1,3-phenylene)-32-crown-10 (16), and hydroquinone (HQ) and biphenol (BP), respectively, were synthesized; these two polyesters also possess high thermal stability (5% weight loss > 386 °C in air) and are amorphous. These polymacrocycles are suitable polytopic hosts for complexation with 4,4′-bipyridinium derivatives, as demonstrated by the binding of paraquat diol (21a) by polyester 20 with Ka = 2.0 (±0.7) x 102 M−1 (23 °C, 4:6 w:w CD3CN:CDCl3). Threading of the cyclic units in these polyesters by linear polymers such as polystyrene and PMMA leads to compatiblized blends via polypseudorotaxane formation; this methodology represents a new approach to compatibilization.
Aportes positivos de la informalidad laboral a la economía

Este trabajo busca identificar aportes positivos para las economias, asociados con las actividades de produccion informal, analizando en particular el caso colombiano. Se encontro que, a partir de la gran crisis de fines de los anos noventa en Colombia, la correlacion entre formalidad e informalidad paso a ser, de negativa a positiva, periodo a partir del cual se profundiza el analisis de la relacion entre la produccion formal e informal, permitiendo inferir un crecimiento simbiotico de los dos sectores. Ademas se concluye que el empleo informal aporta efectos positivos para la estabilidad y el crecimiento de la economia colombiana.
Delamination Identification of Laminated Composite Plates Using a Continuously Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer System

Delamination frequently occurs in a laminated composite structure and can cause prominent local anomalies in curvature vibration shapes associated with vibration shapes of the composite structure. Spatially dense vibration shapes of a structure can be rapidly obtained by use of a continuously scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (CSLDV) system, which sweeps its laser spot over a vibrating surface of the structure. This paper extends two damage identification methods for beams to identify delamination in laminated composite plates using a CSLDV system. One method is based on the technique that a curvature vibration shape from a polynomial that fits a vibration shape of a damaged beam can well approximate an associated curvature vibration shape of an undamaged beam and local anomalies caused by structural damage can be identified by comparing the two curvature vibration shapes, and the other is based on the technique that a continuous wavelet transform can directly identify local anomalies in a curvature vibration shape caused by structural damage. In an experimental investigation, delamination identification results from the two methods were compared with that from a C-scan image of a composite plate with delamination.