cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Benchmark results for empirical post-GGA functionals: difficult exchange problems and independent tests.

Many of the most promising new density functionals have improved the treatment of non-local exchange effects with the help of semi-empirical information and more sophisticated recipes for combining Hartree–Fock and local exchange approximations. In order to quantify recent advancements and identify directions for improvement, we have examined a broad spectrum of test problems. We evaluate the performance of several new hybrid density functionals (ωB97, ωB97X, ωB97X-D, LRC-ωPBEh, M06, M06-2X, and M06-HF) on a variety of chemical problems, some sensitive to the treatment of exact exchange (which we have hoped to systematically improve) and some which require a balanced treatment of correlation. Since all of the functionals under consideration are parameterized with ground-state thermochemical data, the benchmark aims to determine the applicability of the new density functionals to cases that have not been considered in the optimization of the semi-empirical parameters. The first class of benchmarks includes the excitation energies of 21 molecules (83 states) primarily from a recent benchmark conducted by Tozer and co-workers, with some additional references from data made available from the groups of Thiel and Truhlar. We briefly examine the conformational preferences of a small peptide and complete our study with two recently published sets of data that have shown large, systematic errors in simple alkane thermochemistry. While our results indicate that the more general hybrids currently under development perform well for problems outside of their parameterization and improve over the standard hybrid density functionals in an essentially systematic way, there is still a significant self-interaction error in the more difficult cases. Functionals based on a range-separation of exchange and functionals depending on the kinetic-energy density both perform comparably, and there is evidence for complementary strengths.
Acute effect of estradiol on the renal vitamin D hydroxylases in Japanese quail

Abstract It has been reported previously by us and others that in vivo estradiol administration stimulates in vitro 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 production in the Japanese quail and chicken. The present investigation was done to study the dose- and time-response relationships of estradiol-induced stimulation of in vitro 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 production. In addition, the reported permissive role of androgen in this response was studied. Four-week-old immature female Japanese quail, either primed with testosterone propionate (5 mg/kg) or without androgen priming, were injected i.m. with three different doses (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) of estradiol benzoate dissolved in 95 % ethanol. One, 4,12 and 24 hr after in vivo estradiol injection, kidney homogenates were incubated with tritiated 25-(OH)D 3 . The results were similar whether or not the birds were primed with androgen. Under both conditions all three doses of estradiol stimulated l,25-(OH) 2 D 3 , and inhibited 24,25-(OH) 2 D 3 , production at 12 and 24 hr with one exception (0.01 mg/kg dose at 12 hr in androgen-primed birds). At 4 hr these responses were seen only at the higher doses. The most rapid response was suppression of 24,25-(OH) 2 D 3 synthesis by the 0.1 mg/kg dose of estradiol at 1 hr in the androgen-primed birds. These responses in 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 and 24,25-(OH) 2 D 3 production after a single dose of estradiol may be seen prior to a detectable rise in plasma calcium.
U.S. Carbon offset potential using biomass energy systems

A previous analysis had assumed that about 20% of 1990 U.S. C emissions could be avoided by the substitution of biomass energy technologies for fossil energy technologies at some point in the future. Short-rotation woody crop (SRWC) plantations were found to be the dedicated feedstock supply system (DFSS) offering the greatest C emission reduction potential. High efficiency biomass to electricity systems were found to be the conversion technology offering the greatest C emission reduction potential. This paper evaluates what would be required in terms of rate of technology implementation and time period to reach the 20% reduction goal. On the feedstock supply side, new plantings would have to installed at an average a rate of 1 x 106 ha yr-1 while average yields would have to increase by 1.5%annually over the 35-year period. Such yield increases have been observed for high value agricultural crops with large government research support. On the generation side, it requires immediate adoption of available technologies with a net efficiency of 33% or higher (such as the Whole Tree EnergyTM technology), installation of approximately 5000 MWe of new capacity each year, and rapid development and deployment of much higher efficiency technologies to result in an average of 42% efficiency by 2030. If these technology changes could be achieved at a linear rate, U.S. C emission reduction could progress at a rate of about 0.6% yr-1 over the next 35 years.
Sensitivity of antennae of male and femaleIps paraconfusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to their natural aggregation pheromone and its enantiomeric components.

Antennae of male and femaleIps paraconfusus were equally and highly sensitive to their male-produced, multicomponent aggregation pheromone. Female and male antennae were highly sensitive to the pheromonal component, (S)-(−)-ipsenol, but essentially insensitive to its antipode, (R)-(+)-ipsenol. Further, female and male antennae were more sensitive to the pheromonal component, (S)-cis-verbenol, than to its antipode, (R)-cis-verbenol. Dramatic sexual dimorphism in chiral sensitivity to the ipsdienol enantiortiers was found, with female antennae being more sensitive to the conspecific pheromonal enantiomer, (S)-(+)-ipsdienol, and male antennae being more sensitive to the antipode, (R)-(−)-ipsdienol. Since (R)-(−)-ipsdienol is the principal pheromone of CaliforniaIps pini and interruptsI. paraconfusus aggregation, male antennae appear to be more sensitive to an interspecific allomone than a conspecific pheromone. Of the conspecific pheromonal enantiomers, both male and female antennae were most sensitive to (S)-(+)-ipsdienol, intermediately sensitive to (S)-(−)-ipsenol, and least sensitive to (S)-cis-verbenol. However, when enantiomeric sensitivities were compared to the estimated concentrations of these components in the natural pheromone, (S)-(~)-ipsenol tended to equal or approach the potency of (S)-(+)-ipsdienol as an antennal stimulant, while antennal responsiveness to (S)-cis-verbenol was dramatically less than for the other two pheromonal components. The behavioral implications of such physiological sensitivities are discussed in regard to perception of multicomponent synergistic pheromones and the relative efficacy of each component as an orientation cue.
Making the Most of Mentors: A Guide for Mentees

Effective mentorship is likely one of the most important determinants of success in academic medicine and research. Many papers focus on mentoring from the mentor’s perspective, but few give guidance to mentees forging these critically important relationships. The authors apply “managing up,” a corporate concept, to academic medical settings both to promote effective, successful mentoring and to make a mentor’s job easier. Managing up requires the mentee to take responsibility for his or her part in the collaborative alliance and to be the leader of the relationship by guiding and facilitating the mentor’s efforts to create a satisfying and productive relationship for both
LPS and IL-1 differentially activate mouse and human astrocytes: Role of CD14

Treatment of cultures with toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands or cytokines has become a popular approach to investigate astrocyte neuroinflammatory responses and to simulate the neural environment in various CNS disorders. However, despite much effort, the mechanism of astrocyte activation such as their responses to the TLR ligands and IL-1 remain highly debated. We compared highly pure primary mouse and human astrocyte cultures in their ability to produce proinflammatory mediators (termed "A1") and immunoregulatory mediators (termed "A2") in response to LPS, poly IC, and IL-1 stimulation. In human astrocytes, IL-1 induced both A1 and A2 responses, poly IC induced mostly A2, and LPS induced neither. In mouse astrocytes, LPS induced mostly an A1-predominant response, poly IC induced both A1 and A2, and IL-1 neither. In addition, mouse astrocytes produce abundant IL-1 protein, whereas human astrocytes did not, despite robust IL-1 mRNA expression. Of the TLR4 receptor complex proteins, human astrocytes expressed TLR4 and MD2 but not CD14, whereas mouse astrocytes expressed all three. Mouse astrocyte CD14 (cell-associated and soluble) was potently upregulated by LPS. Silencing TLR4 or CD14 by siRNA suppressed LPS responses in mouse astrocytes. In vivo, astrocytes in LPS-injected mouse brains also expressed CD14. Our results show striking differences between human and mouse astrocytes in the use of TLR/IL-1R and subsequent downstream signaling and immune activation. IL-1 translational block in human astrocytes may be a built-in mechanism to prevent autocrine and paracrine cell activation and neuroinflammation. These results have important implications for translational research of human CNS diseases.
Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene magnetic stratigraphy at Gubbio, Italy I. Lithostratigraphy and sedimentology

An essentially complete section of middle Cretaceous to Paleocene, calcareous, pelagic sediments is exposed at Gubbio, in the Umbrian Apennines of Italy. This, the first of five papers, presents the lithostratigraphic and sedimentological basis for subsequent discussions of biostratigraphy and magnetic stratigraphy. Biogenic coccolith-globigerinid oozes were deposited along with a constant but low background of fine terrigenous detritus at a mean sedimentation rate (compacted) of 6.6 m/m.y. from Albian to Eocene time; individual stages deviate from this by a factor of two. Short-term variations in carbonate input yielded a sequence of limestone beds punctuated by thin shale interbeds. These shale-limestone couplets accumulated in time spans between 20,000 and 100,000 yr, and the thin shales may represent up to one-half of the total time. Modification by diagenetic solution, tectonic shear, and weathering render shale interbeds unsuitable for magnetic work. The limestone beds, first bioturbated and then compacted and cemented during diagenesis, appear likely to have recorded magnetic history at intervals on the order of 50,000 yr, sufficient to provide a good record of polarity changes. Moderate to high states of oxidation prevailed except in Aptian-Albian and a portion of Turonian to Santonian times.
Chelator‐Free Synthesis of a Dual‐Modality PET/MRI Agent

Most of the radiometals with physical properties suitable for imaging and/or therapy applications (e.g. 64Cu, 89Zr, 99mTc, 111In, 177Lu, 90Y, etc.) require the coordination of certain chelators to form stable complexes.[1] Due to the uniqueness of each radionuclide, knowing the particular coordination chemistry and selecting the best chelator with sufficient in vivo stability are a vital, however, highly challenging task. Therefore, the development of a stable radiopharmaceutical that contains both diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes, labeled via a simple but effective chelator-free strategy, is highly desirable.
Complications of hemorrhoid surgery

Symptomatic hemorrhoids require a number of therapeutic interventions each of which has its own complications. Office-based therapy such as rubber band ligation carries the risk of pain and bleeding, which are self-limited, but also carries the risk of rare complications such as sepsis, which may be life threatening. Operative treatment of hemorrhoids includes conventional hemorrhoidectomy, stapled hemorrhoidectomy, and the use of energy devices. Complications of pain and bleeding are common but self-limited. Late complications such as stenosis and fecal incontinence are rare. Recurrent disease is related to the initial grade and therapeutic approach. Treatment of recurrent hemorrhoids should be individualized based on previous treatments and the grade of disease. Anesthetic complications, especially urinary retention, are common and related to the anesthetic technique. Practitioners should council their patients as to the risks of the various approaches to treating symptomatic hemorrhoids.
Sustainability: Teaching an Interdisciplinary Threshold Concept through Traditional Lecture and Active Learning

One of the difficulties in teaching global sustainability in the introductory political science classes is the different emphases placed on this concept and the absence of the consensus on where the overall balance between environmental protection, economic development, and social justice should reside. Like many fuzzy concepts with which students struggle, teaching sustainability lends itself to pedagogical examination within the scholarship of threshold concepts. This article investigates students’ understanding of sustainability in the seven semesters when the concept of sustainability was introduced via role-playing simulation and compares it with the similar data from a more recent semester when simulation was supplemented with traditional lecture and classroom exercises. Ultimately, our research question is twofold: (1) How do students define a multi-faceted concept like global sustainability and (2) what is the better way to teach it – active learning only or active learning in combination with traditional instruction? Certaines des difficultes rencontrees quand on enseigne la durabilite mondiale dans des cours de base de sciences politiques sont les divers accents mis sur ces concepts et l’absence de consensus sur la question de savoir ou devrait se situer l’equilibre general entre la protection de l’environnement, le developpement economique et la justice sociale. Tout comme c’est le cas avec de nombreux concepts flous qui donnent des difficultes aux etudiants, l’enseignement de la durabilite se prete a un examen pedagogique au sein de la recherche sur les concepts de seuil. Cet article se penche sur la maniere dont les etudiants ont compris la durabilite pendant les sept semestres au cours desquels le concept de durabilite a ete presente par le biais de simulation de jeux de roles et il la compare aux donnees semblables recueillies lors d’un semestre plus recent au cours duquel la simulation a ete supplementee par des cours magistraux traditionnels et des exercices de classe. En fin de compte, notre question de recherche est double : 1) Comment les etudiants definissent-ils un concept qui presente de nombreuses facettes tel que la durabilite mondiale, et 2) Quelle est la meilleure maniere de l’enseigner - exclusivement par un apprentissage actif ou par le biais d’un apprentissage actif combine a une instruction traditionnelle?
On the application of group theory to the renormalization-group method

We have summarized the results of an investigation into the symmetry properties of renormalization-group (RG) transformations. We also formulated problems for further research: (i) classification of equivalent Hamiltonians and corresponding RG transformations for 1-component fields; (ii) generalizations to lattice systems; (iii) Further study of the appearence of continious symmetry groups of transformations commuting with RG.
Microelectronic Magnetic Flux Sensor for Hearing Aid Application

A 3-D microelectronic inductor has been fabricated and characterized for use as a magnetic flux sensor, also known as a telecoil, for a hearing aid application. This telecoil was fabricated in a 0.5 mum CMOS process with three metal layers. The 3-D structure is more space efficient than conventional spiral inductors and allows for an optimal number of turns for the space available. The telecoil has an inductance of 80 muH, a resistance of 34 Omega, and a capacitance of 275pF. When combined with an CMOS audio amplifier, the telecoil acts as a magnetic flux sensor by picking up the magnetic signal generated by telephone speaker which is then fed into the audio amplifier. The integrated telecoil is smaller in size and can be produced at a lower cost than commercially available telecoils. The electrical response of the telecoil to a changing magnetic field was found to be linear with respect to the input amplitude, and neglecting the noise associated at lower frequencies, independent of frequency. This response is in agreement with theory.
At the interface of sensory and motor dysfunctions and Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Recent evidence indicates that sensory and motor changes may precede the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by several years and may signify increased risk of developing AD. Traditionally, sensory and motor dysfunctions in aging and AD have been studied separately. To ascertain the evidence supporting the relationship between age-related changes in sensory and motor systems and the development of AD and to facilitate communication between several disciplines, the National Institute on Aging held an exploratory workshop titled "Sensory and Motor Dysfunctions in Aging and AD." The scientific sessions of the workshop focused on age-related and neuropathologic changes in the olfactory, visual, auditory, and motor systems, followed by extensive discussion and hypothesis generation related to the possible links among sensory, cognitive, and motor domains in aging and AD. Based on the data presented and discussed at this workshop, it is clear that sensory and motor regions of the central nervous system are affected by AD pathology and that interventions targeting amelioration of sensory-motor deficits in AD may enhance patient function as AD progresses.
Fault location using impedance-based algorithms on non-homogeneous feeders

Impedance-based algorithms like the positive-sequence reactance and Takagi methods are derived assuming a homogenous line conductor. This assumption is violated in practical distribution feeder circuits. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that these methods can still be effectively applied to non-homogenous feeders by using the line parameters of the most commonly occurring conductor type in the circuit. This approach is first tested on a modified IEEE Test Feeder by simulating two cases, namely, the reference case and the case with a homogenous feeder. For the positive-sequence reactance method the maximum absolute error in both cases is about 8%, while for the Takagi method it is 6.92% and 9.53% in the homogenous case and reference case, respectively. The proposed approach is then demonstrated using ten fault cases on utility distribution feeders. The average absolute error obtained for the positive-sequence reactance and Takagi estimates is 10.23% and 9.34%, respectively, which corresponds to a median error value of 0.16 miles and 0.15 miles in the location estimates.
The origin and significance of the Delaney Dome Formation, Connemara, Ireland

Dalradian meta-sediments of the Laurentian margin and mafic intrusions thereof in SW Connemara, Ireland, tectonically overlie meta-rhyolites of the Delaney Dome Formation. The two units are separated by the Mannin Thrust. A new U–Pb age of 474.6 ± 5.5 Ma shows that the Delaney Dome Formation is a temporal equivalent of arc volcanic rocks preserved in the adjacent South Mayo Trough: the Tourmakeady Volcanic Group, erupted during the collision of an oceanic island arc with the Laurentian margin in the Grampian Orogeny. New rare earth and high field strength element data show that the Delaney Dome Formation and Tourmakeady Volcanic Group are chemically similar and arc-like in character. This suggests that the Delaney Dome Formation is an along-strike equivalent of the Tourmakeady Group, strike-slip faulted south of the South Mayo Trough during or after the Grampian Orogeny. Further correlation of these units with northern Appalachian rhyolites is also possible. The Delaney Dome Formation is an extrusive temporal equivalent of intrusions that penetrate the Connemara Dalradian. Thus, movement along the Mannin Thrust brought mid-crustal plutons and Dalradian country rocks tectonically above the extrusive volcanic sequence. The Mannin Thrust is identified as a major imbricating structure within a continental arc, but not a terrane boundary.
Visualization and Quantification of Laminar Flow Mixing in a Stirred Tank Reactor

Laminar flow mixing in a stirred tank reactor is simulated by tracing a large number of particles. The stirred tank has a flat blade disc impeller with 4 blades and no baffles. The flow fields are solved using Fluent, a commercial CFD software package. The impeller Reynolds number is less than 50 and the flow is assumed to be steady in a rotating frame fixed on the impeller. A code is developed to trace fluid particles in the flow field, visualize 3D mixing processes in the tank, and quantitatively analyze the mixing status. The animated mixing processes reveal that fluid elements are repeatedly stretched and folded, a typical process in chaotic mixing, by the blades when they pass near the tips. Mixing is quantified by measuring volume percentage of the tank covered by the particles and the variance of particle spatial distribution. Both visualization and quantification results show that mixing in this stirred tank is poor for all the impeller speeds studied.
On Being “Race Critical”

In celebrating the critical insights of Zeus Leonardo’s chapter, this response further illustrates why understandings of research in education must attend to the claims, inflections and subversions of history and geography in this ‘other than natural’ field of inquiry. Educational research, be it ‘critical’ or ‘uncritical’ in orientation, is marked by a range of practices always-already implicated in a relational complex of ideas, transactions and possibilities. On these grounds, decontextualized accounts of research, researcher and researched is little more than insidious; more hopefully, the ‘more than’ that is conceivable of educational inquiries in realizing and critiquing their range of uses and functions impels us to transcend the pretence that researchers can remain neutral as to the field’s constitution and reconstitution. A critical historical reading is but one way of bringing this into sharp relief; by simply asking how democratic, engaging and emancipatory educational research actually is.
You're happy, I'm happy: diffusion of mood expression on twitter

We study the propagation of expression of moods from one individual to another in social media. Specifically, we utilize an ensemble of more than 200 moods, and follow their trails of retweets on Twitter. We examine the diffusion of these moods through the characteristics of the author of the retweeted post, of the post, and its linguistic style and topical content. We observe that moods of high valence and low to moderate activation propagate the most. Our findings also indicate that mood-bearing posts from individuals of medium #followers show highest diffusion, instead of elite users. Further, moods in postings with high self-attentional focus, posted by socially interactive women, and with fewer links diffuse the most. Finally, we leverage these characteristics to build a linear regression model that can predict extent of diffusion in a mood-bearing post. The model yields accuracy of 75% showing that user's attributes as well as post's language characteristics are key factors driving the diffusion of moods in social media.
Brain Epoxygenase Metabolites of Arachidonic Acid Produce Oxygen Radicals and Affect In Vivo Platelet Aggregation

Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) are known to affect neurotransmitter function and inflammatory processes. Cyclooxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid has been shown to be associated with oxygen free radical formation 1. These cyclooxygenase- dependent free radicals are produced after experimental neural trauma or acute hypertension and contribute to endothelial lesions in the cerebral microcirculation 2. Recently a third pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism has been examined, the so-called third pathway, or epoxygenase pathway 3. It is known that this pathway produces epoxides of arachidonic acid as well as 19- and 20-hydroxylated derivatives of arachidonic acid. One of the products of the epoxygenase pathway, 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (5,6-EET) is known to be metabolized by cyclooxygenase enzyme 4, therefore offering the possibility that third pathway metabolites may also produce oxygen radicals. The goal of the current study was to determine if brain makes epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) from AA and if so whether they affect cerebral vascular resistance or in vivo platelet aggregation.
Individual personality development of modern PLA servicemen under Marx′s human science

The development of individual personality and the emancipation of human being are the orientation of the value of Marx′s human science.Its core meaning shows that persons should have liberal thoughts and independent spirits.But the development of individual personality,as having been confined by time and environment,is a dynamic progress that should be considered dialectically.Servicemen come from the society,so their development cannot stay away from being promoted and restricted by social development.Their professional successes are achieved in the armed forces;hence,their individual personalities should be developed all along around performing the special mission and enhancing combat effectiveness,which presents a special meaning.
Isolation and Culture of Human Endothelial Cells

Because the cell mass in a bioartificial tissue exceeds relatively small numbers, there is a requirement to incorporate a convective transport system that provides nutrients and removes waste products. This function is provided by the vascular tree in vivo, and it may be desirable that endothelial cells be used in the design of the vascular tree in the bioartificial tissue, because endothelial cells provide a nonthrombogenic surface inside normal blood vessels. Furthermore, there is an ongoing effort in the area of vascular graft development, and the development of these applications requires a reliable source of endothelial cells.
Electronic Photography and Education—What Questions Does it Pose? What Possibilities Lie Ahead?

AbstractPhotography, as always, is a changing technology. The introduction of the Mavica still video camera in 1981 by Sony Corporation was the bold announcement of a system not ready (or marketable) for either the public or the professional photographer. What this announcement did mean teas that over 42 companies across the world would continue or begin serious research and development in the area of capturing images electronically.Sony’s announcement in 1981, and the last 10 years of subsequent development, have meant that still photography challenges not only how we capture and use images, but the fashion by which we work together across disciplines and specialities. RIT (Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY) is taking steps in both applied research and interdisciplinary education. Electronic photography is one platform that calls us together.
Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Seas?: Civil War Statecraft and the Liberal Quest for Oceanic Order

In 1902, an aging Charles Francis Adams Jr. pondered how “the verdict of history” would justify “all the blood and treasure so freely poured out by us between Sumter and Appomattox.” Unlike most Union veterans, Adams did not linger on America’s battlefields or its liberated plantations but trained his sights upon the high seas, where a growing international appetite for maritime reform promised a “rounding out and completing the work of our Civil War.” Future generations would appreciate how, thanks to Union victory, “the last vestiges of piracy vanished from the ocean, as slavery had before disappeared from the land.”1
Transcriptome analysis of Lesquerella: A potential industrial oilseed crop for hydroxy fatty acid production

S oil of Lesquerella (Physaria fendelri) contains 55-60% hydroxy fatty acid (HFA) that has important industrial application. A high throughput, large scale sequencing of transcripts from developing Lesquerella seeds was carried out by 454 pyrosequencing to generate a database for quality improvement of seed oil and other agronomic traits. Deep mining and characterization of acyl lipid genes were conducted to uncover candidate genes for further studies of mechanisms underlying HFA and seed oil synthesis. A total of 651 mega bases of raw sequences from an mRNA sample of developing seeds were acquired. Bioinformatic analysis of these sequences revealed 59,914 transcripts representing 26,995 unique genes that include nearly all known seed expressed genes. Based on sequence similarity with known plant proteins, about 74% (19,861) genes matched with annotated coding genes. Among them, 95% (18,868) showed highest sequence homology with Arabidopsis genes, which will allow translation of genomics and genetics findings from Arabidopsis to Lesquerella. Using Arabidopsis acyl lipid genes as queries, we searched the transcriptome assembly and identified 615 Lesquerella genes involved in all known pathways of acyl lipid metabolism. Further deep mining the transcriptome assembly led to identification of almost all Lesquerella genes involved in fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis. Moreover, we characterized the spatial and temporal expression profiles of 15 key genes using the quantitative PCR assay. The information obtained from data mining and gene expression profiling will provide a resource not only for the study of HFA metabolism but also for the biotechnological improvement of HFA production in Lesquerella.
Privilege and Peril in Prison Town Studies: Power and Position in Fieldwork Encounters

Although scholars demonstrate the confluence of racism, punishment, and spatial constraint on urban communities from the effects of mass imprisonment, we have overlooked the effects that prison fac...
Existence and efficiency of equilibrium in infinite economies with finite aggregate wealth

We prove the existence and efficiency of equilibrium in economies with infinitely many consumers in which there are finitely many agents who own a positive portion of the aggregate endowment. We prove existence for commodity spaces which are employed in the general equilibrium asset pricing models and use incomplete and intransitive preferences. We discuss the importance of existence of finitely many agents who own a positive portion of the aggregate endowment in obtaining efficient equilibrium. For general equilibrium asset pricing applications we require forward properness only at individually rational Pareto optimal allocations. We provide an Arrow-Debreu model for these economies. We also give an application of our approach and results by employing Stochastic Differential Utility as the utility of each consumer in an infinite horizon model.
Damage imaging of an isotropic plate using matching pursuit algorithm

A matching pursuit (MP) algorithm is effective tool to decompose the overlapped wave packets in a signal so that each wave mode can be identified. For the successful separations of the wave packets, an atom function should be properly designed, that can well resemble the physical features of the signal of interest. In this paper, a novel atom function for the MP algorithm is proposed based on the wave propagating model due to an excitation of a Hann-windowed toneburst signal, which performs very accurately compared to the MP algorithm with the existing Gaussian-type atom functions. The decomposed wave packets, including the directly scattered wave from damage as well as the reverberant waves from the free edges of the plate, via the MP method are employed in the damage imaging algorithm, highlighting the damaged location with higher intensity than the conventional algorithm utilizing only a direct reflected wave. The proposed approach is verified from the experiment where four piezoelectric wafers can accurately identify the damage location in a plate.
Real-Time Unsupervised Classification of Environmental Noise Signals

This paper presents a real-time unsupervised classification of environmental noise signals without knowing the number of noise classes or clusters. A previously developed online frame-based clustering algorithm is modified by adding feature extraction, a smoothing step and a fading step. The developed unsupervised classification or clustering is examined in terms of purity of clusters and normalized mutual information. The results obtained for actual noise signals exhibit the effectiveness of the introduced unsupervised classification in terms of both classification outcome and computational efficiency.
Local Controllability of a Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equation

This chapter focuses on the local controllability of a hyperbolic partial differential equation. For f ≡ 0, Russell has established a theorem for any ( g 1 , g 2 ) ɛ H and any bounded domain D with piecewise smooth boundary. The chapter presents an approach where Russel's result is used for the linear case together with the inverse function theorem to show that the nonlinear solution operator at time T is a local homeomorphism at 0 ɛ H . The chapter also explains how G is continuously Frechet differentiable at 0 ɛ H , G (0) = 0 and G '(0) is a linear homeomorphism.
Chapter 10: In Conclusion—A Call for Hyper-Embodied Performance Research Pedagogy for Social Justice

This critical autoethnography opens in a lower-level undergraduate class that will create an ensemble performance autoethnographic show in pursuit of social justice. The class lecture explains autoethnography as a theoretical concept and methodological practice related to performance ethnography, oral storytelling, and personal narrative research, before tackling the risks, possibilities, constraints, and hopes it offers as applied learning pedagogy. The professor asserts that performance autoethnography offers a vehicle to pursue hyper-embodiment: the embracing of human beings’ inescapable vulnerabilities and inevitable mortality. Hyper-embodiment resists the fears that compel us to marginalize and stigmatize cultural members and advocates for the collective valuing of and adapting to the needs of our diverse, forever-changing bodies.
Loss of cone function without degeneration in a novel Gnat2 knock-out mouse.

Rods and cones mediate visual perception over 9 log units of light intensities, with both photoreceptor types contributing to a middle 3-log unit range that comprises most night-time conditions. Rod function in this mesopic range has been difficult to isolate and study in vivo because of the paucity of mutants that abolish cone signaling without causing photoreceptor degeneration. Here we describe a novel Gnat2 knockout mouse line (Gnat2-/-) ideal for dissecting rod and cone function. In this line, loss of Gnat2 expression abolished cone phototransduction, yet there was no loss of cones, disruption of the photoreceptor mosaic, nor change in general retinal morphology up to at least 9 months of age. Retinal microglia and Muller glia, which are highly sensitive to neuronal pathophysiology, were distributed normally with morphologies indistinguishable between Gnat2-/- and wildtype adult mice. ERG recordings demonstrated complete loss of cone-driven a-waves in Gnat2-/- mice; comparison to WT controls revealed that rods of both strains continue to function at light intensities exceeding 104 photoisomerizations rod-1 s-1. We conclude that the Gnat2-/- mouse is a preferred model for functional studies of rod pathways in the retina when degeneration could be an experimental confound.
ACL reconstructed individuals do not demonstrate deficits in postural control as measured by single-leg balance.

Abstract Background Following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), patients undergo a battery of performance assessments to determine progression of return to sport activity. Rates of reinjury following ACLR are high, indicating that current assessments may not accurately identify deficits at the time point of return to sport progression. Research question To assess single-leg postural control in ACLR patients around the time point of return to sport progression and their relationships to subjective function. Study design Descriptive Laboratory Study. Methods 198 individuals (108 ACLR, 90 healthy) participated. All ACLR participants were at the time point of return to play progression. Postural stability was quantified by center of pressure (COP) average velocity measured through a straight-knee single-leg balance assessment for 10-seconds with the participant’s eyes closed. Subjective knee function was measured from the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form and the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales. Results No significant differences existed between COP average velocity between limbs (uninvolved, involved) or groups (ACLR, Healthy). As a secondary aim, no significant relationships existed between measures of subjective knee function and postural stability. Significance Individuals following ACLR demonstrate similar patterns of postural stability as healthy individuals in a straight knee single leg balance task. Single-leg balance in a straight knee position may not be sensitive enough to detect impairments and does not predict subjective function in ACLR patients at the time of return to sport progression.
Carbon dioxide reversibly inhibits sperm motility and fertilizing ability in steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The effects of different carbon dioxide (CO2) levels on the short-term storage of semen samples from hatchery-produced steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated. Sperm motility and fertilizing ability were significantly reduced following 4 h incubation under a relatively modest (≥0.9 kPa = 1%) amount of CO2. The dose-dependent reductions, however, were not the result of cell death as sperm viability was unaltered even at the highest (5.2 kPa = 5.6%) CO2 exposures. Reductions in sperm motility and fertilizing ability were reversible. Although previous work has indicated a direct relationship between salmonid sperm motility and sperm ATP content, the inhibitory effects of CO2 on sperm motility were not the result of reduced sperm ATP levels. Decreasing the pH of the seminal fluid (to below ∼7.5) significantly reduced sperm motility. However, this effect was only observed after prolonged (4 h) exposure; short-term (1 min) exposure to this lowered pH did not alter sperm motility. Moreover, acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, attenuated the inhibitory effects of CO2 on sperm motility. These results suggest that CO2 inhibits steelhead sperm motility and therefore fertility in a dose-dependent manner, by reversibly lowering intracellular pH.
Anti-Empire: Decolonial Interventions in Lusophone Literatures

Anti-Empire explores how different writers across Lusophone spaces have engaged with imperial and colonial power at its various levels of domination, while imagining alternatives to dominant discourses pertaining to race, ethnicity, culture, gender, sexuality, and class. Guided by a theoretically eclectic approach ranging from Psychoanalysis, Deconstruction, Postcolonial Theory, Queer Theory, and Critical Race Studies, Empire is explored as a spectrum of contemporary global power inaugurated by European expansion and propagated in the postcolonial present through economic, cultural, and political forces. Through the texts analysed, Anti-Empire offers in-depth interrogations of contemporary power in terms of racial politics, gender performance, socio-economic divisions, political structures, and the intersections of these facets of domination and hegemony. By way of grappling with Empire's discursive field and charting new modes of producing meaning in opposition to that of Empire, the texts read from Brazil, Cabo Verde, East Timor, Portugal, and Sao Tome and Principe open new inquiries for Postcolonial and Decolonial Studies while contributing theoretical debates to the study of Lusophone cultures.
Does Copyright Help or Harm Cultural Diversity in the Digital Age

Does copyright advance cultural diversity or inhibit it? Some blame copyright for fostering a global monoculture. Others contend that copyright enhances diversity by encouraging originality. Similarly opposing narratives exist regarding piracy: Some see piracy as an existential threat that will cripple cultural production; others argue piracy expands markets and exposes audiences to diverse content. This article reviews both theoretical and empirical literature on copyright’s effects and on the conditions arising in copyright’s absence. It argues that a regime of modest copyright protection, with appropriately tailored limitations, is likely to prove most conducive to copyright diversity. The article concludes with a call to make the copyright system more hospitable to a particular source of cultural diversity: creative upstarts, a diverse class of creators who operate outside of the mainstream content industries.
Gas exchange and productivity in temperate and droughty years of four eastern, elite loblolly pine genotypes grown in the Western Gulf region

Loblolly pine plantations in the western portion of the species’ range are sometimes planted with genotypes from the eastern portion of its range to improve plantation productivity. Advances in loblolly pine breeding have led to the development of clonally propagated genotypes with higher potential growth rates and better form than more commonly planted half-sib genotypes. At a site in the western portion of the loblolly pine range, four genotypes from the eastern portion of the loblolly pine range were established. Two genotypes (HS756 and HS8103) were half-sib, and two genotypes (V9 and V93) were varieties. The V93 genotype was propagated from the HS756 genotype. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of genotype on seasonal trends in gas exchange parameters at the leaf and crown levels, growth, and biomass allocation patterns. During the two-year study, one year had precipitation and temperature trends similar to the long-term average and one year had extreme drought, with record heat. The HS756, V9, and V93 genotypes had the highest height growth throughout the study. The V93 genotype was sensitive to the drought; its leaf- and crown-level Asat and , declined during the drought more markedly than those of the other genotypes. Although its Asat and were affected by drought, height growth productivity of V93 may have been sustained during the drought by its biomass partitioning pattern of allocating higher proportions of its root biomass to small and fine roots and its aboveground biomass to foliage. These results suggest that a variety such as V93 could be more susceptible to changes in C fixation and water uptake with recurrent drought.
Addressing medically underserved populations through maternal-fetal transport: a geographic analysis.

Objective: Despite regionalization of maternal care in the USA, there is little contemporary information on characteristics and utilization of maternal–fetal transport. We used geographic analysis ...
Remarkable Oxygen‐Evolution Activity of a Perovskite Oxide from the Ca2−xSrxFe2O6−δ Series

Herein in we report the unprecedented catalytic activity of an iron-based oxygen-deficient perovskite for the oxygen-evolution reaction (OER). The systematic trends in OER activity as a function of composition, defect-order, and electrical conductivity have been demonstrated, leading to a methodical increase in OER catalytic activity: Ca2 Fe2 O6-δ <CaSrFe2 O6-δ <Sr2 Fe2 O6-δ . Sr2 Fe2 O6-δ also has the highest electrical conductivity and a unique type of defect-order. In conventional experiments using glassy carbon electrode, Sr2 Fe2 O6-δ shows better OER activity than the current state of the art catalysts, Ba0.5 Sr0.5 Co0.8 Fe0.2 O3-δ and RuO2 . It also offers a high intrinsic electrical conductivity, which allows it to act as a catalyst without the need for glassy carbon electrode or carbon powder. Pure disks of this material exhibit an outstanding activity for OER, without any additives or need for electrode preparation.
18 Literacy Development

This chapter discusses literacy development by, first, outlining the nature of the reading of text in alphabetic languages. The process of acquiring word-level reading skills is then described, including learning the alphabetic code, early decoding, and the development of word reading. In turn, processes associated with reading comprehension are discussed in regard to lower order skills, higher order skills, and construction–integration models. The chapter then considers the early development of reading-related skills and discusses the behavior genetics of these skills and emergent literacy and its development. Issues related to the nature and identification of reading difficulties and disorders are discussed, and, finally, different approaches to reading instruction and the evidence in support of these approaches, with a focus on early instruction, are described. Keywords: comprehension; decoding; emergent literacy; literacy; reading; reading disorders; teaching reading
Ultrathin metasurface for the visible light based on dielectric nanoresonators

Metasurface-based optical elements enable abrupt wavefront engineering by locally controlling the properties (amplitude, phase, etc.) of the incident illumination. They hold great potential to promote a new generation of wearable devices and thin optical systems for imaging and sensing. To date, most of the existing metasurface designs rely on highaspect-ratio nanostructures, with a thickness close to or even higher than the wavelength. There has been an increasing demand to reduce the metasurface thickness and nanostructure aspect-ratio, in order to facilitate the fabrication compatibility and integration with electronics and dynamic tunable platforms. Here we demonstrate ultrathin (~ 1/5 of the wavelength) transmissive metalenses for the visible light, using two different approaches of either amplitude or phase modulation. For amplitude modulation, we developed a digital transmission coding scheme that allows manipulation of multiple wavelengths without increasing the thickness or complexity of the structural elements. In order to improve the optical efficiency, phase modulation is necessary, but the design is more challenging. Because the nanoresonators are electromagnetically coupled with each other, compared with high-aspect-ratio nanostructures with wave-guiding confinement. To solve this problem, we developed an inverse design strategy using machine learning. We employ evolutionary algorithms interfaced with Finite-Difference Time-Domain solvers, which not only mimic natural selection in order to determine the optimal arrangement of nanoresonators to achieve the desired target optical functions, but also consider and benefit from the strong interactions between nanoresonators to improve the performance. The machine learning designs significantly improve the focusing efficiency, approximately double of the conventional human designs.
LETTERER-SIWE DISEASE. REPORT OF A CASE.

A case is presented of a patient with Letterer-Siwe disease who manifested features of primary liver disease upon admission. A brief review of the reticuloendothelioses is also given.