cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electroencephalographs Monitoring in the Emergency Department

Summary EEG is the single most important test in diagnosing epilepsy and related conditions. We urge immediate EEG for patients with persistent, unexplained, altered consciousness. In our prospective study, 37% of patients referred for emergency EEG had combined EEG and clinical evidence of SE that was not tonic-clonic that would have gone undetected without EEG. In some cases, EEG provides useful diagnostic information or clarifies the severity of brain dysfunction in comatose patients. Finally, EEG is essential in monitoring patients who require pentobarbital coma for refractory SE.
Dynamic analysis of flexible legged vehicles using the finite element method

A method for the dynamic analysis of multibody walking vehicles that consist of interconnnected rigid and flexible components is presented. Flexible components in the legged vehicle are discretized using the finite element method. Mechanical joints between different components in the system as well as specified trajectories performed by the legs are formulated using a set of nonlinear algebraic constraint equations. The dependent coordinates are written in terms of the system degrees of freedom by partitioning the constraint Jacobian matrix. The system differential equations associated with the independent coordinates are identified and written in the state space formulation. The formulation presented is exemplified using a three–legged walking vehicle that consists of either interconnected rigid and flexible components. A simple computer–controlled strategy is developed to account for the change in the kinematic structure due to the leg–ground interaction and to ensure a precise and stable positioning of the feet. Numerical experimentations indicate that the effect of flexibility on the overall dynamic behaviour of the vehicle as well as on the system reaction forces is significant.
Bias in Perceptions of Public Opinion Among American Political Elites

The conservative asymmetry of elite polarization represents a significant puzzle. We argue that politicians can maintain systematic misperceptions of constituency opinion that may contribute to breakdowns in dyadic representation. We demonstrate this argument with original surveys of 3,765 politicians' perceptions of constituency opinion on nine issues. In 2012 and 2014, state legislative politicians from both parties dramatically overestimated their constituents' support for conservative policies on these issues, a pattern consistent across methods, districts, and states. Republicans drive much of this overestimation. Exploiting responses from politicians in the same district, we confirm these partisan differences within individual districts. Further evidence suggests that this overestimation may arise due to biases in who contacts politicians, as in recent years Republican citizens have been especially likely to contact legislators, especially fellow Republicans. Our findings suggest a novel force can operate in elections and in legislatures: politicians can systematically misperceive what their constituents want.
Amicus Brief of Antitrust Professors and Scholars, Hosanna Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Et Al., No. 10-553, Supreme Court of the United States

Amicus Brief of Antitrust Professors and Scholars, Hosanna Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, et al., No. 10-553, Supreme Court of the United States.
Pioneering and Interprofessional Pediatric Dentistry Programs Aimed at Reducing Oral Health Disparities.

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is the most chronic childhood disease and more predominant in low-income and underserved children. Although easily transmitted, ECC is entirely preventable. Dr. Ramos-Gomez and his team at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) put together an interprofessional curriculum where both medical and dental knowledge and practice is integrated to prepare dentists and primary care providers to more cost effectively address ECC and thereby reduce disparities in oral health. The curriculum, known as the Strategic Partnership for Interprofessional Collaborative Education in Pediatric Dentistry (SPICE-PD) consists of nine evidence-based training modules: Applied Statistics & Research, Community Partners, Interprofessional Education/Training, Quality Improvement, Policy & Advocacy, Disease Management/Risk Assessment, Ethics/Professionalism, Cultural Competency and Children with Special Heath Care Needs. SPICE aims to prepare pediatric dental residents and primary care providers to provide preventive, culturally competent, and minimally invasive oral care for underserved, low income, and specials needs children. Additionally, the Infant Oral Care Program (IOCP), located at a local community health clinic, provides culturally sensitive preventive oral health care for children ages 0 to 5 years. The medical-dental integration model utilized at IOCP helps reduce oral health disparities by providing a systems-based and cost effective approach to combatting the burden of ECC. To track the progress of SPICE, a comprehensive evaluation framework has been designed which aligns goals and objectives with program activities, desired outcomes, and measured indicators.
Discussion of Senator Whitehead's Paper on the Improvement and Revision of Statute Law

One needs only to make a cursory survey of the periodical literature, treatises on government and politics, and the reports of proceedings of numerous societies of lawyers and jurists to be thoroughly impressed that there is a widespread conviction, based no doubt upon abundant evidence, that the average popular legislative assembly, if not corrupt and venal, is inherently weak and incompetent, and to this incompetency, plus some corrupt and sinister purposes, may be charged most of the ills we suffer from an incongruous and incomprehensible mass of statute law. The legislative department, the source of all our statute law, has from the beginning been under suspicion and criticism. Our constitutional limitations have been aimed for the most part at the legislative branch, and the bulk of criticism points the same way. We have been, and still are, afflicted with overlegislation and with bad legislation. The annual output of the American legislatures, we are told, is 15,000 laws covering 25,000 pages; from 1899 to 1904 the total number of acts passed by American legislatures was 45,552 while during substantially the same period, the English parliament, legislating for 42,000,000 of home population and millions of dependents, enacted less than 1500 laws, special and general. That the laws are of doubtful quality is indicated by the fact that in New York alone during a period of about twenty years over 500 statutes were challenged in the courts for unconstitutionality, and the amount of litigation due to uncertainty in the statute law passes computation.
Age and Individual Determinants of Cognitive Effects of Sleep Loss

Older individuals appear to be relatively resilient to cognitive impairment when sleep deprived. Several explanations have been proposed, including bias toward preserving performance accuracy at the cost of speed, reduced amplitude of circadian rhythm, and slower buildup of sleep pressure during wakefulness. These aging effects are overshadowed by individual differences in performance impairment due to sleep loss that are unrelated to age. Such individual differences are stable and robust, constituting a phenotype. Baseline brain activation levels and some gene polymorphisms predict this phenotype to some extent, but much of the variability in resilience to impairment from sleep deprivation remains unexplained.
Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction Chemical and Physical Properties: Equilibrium Modeling of Distribution Behavior.

A multivariate mathematical model describing the extraction of cesium from different mixtures of sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrate, sodium chloride, and sodium nitrite containing potassium at variable concentrations has been established. It was determined based on the cesium, potassium, and sodium distribution ratios obtained with simple systems containing single salts. These experimental data were modeled to obtain the formation constants of complexes formed in the organic phase based on specified concentrations of components in both organic and aqueous phases. The model was applied to five different SRS waste simulants, and the corresponding cesium extraction results were predicted satisfactorily, thus validating the model.
Landform Development in an Arctic Delta: The Roles of Snow, Ice and Permafrost

Among the distinctive characteristics of arctic deltas is the presence of snow, ice and permafrost. In many other aspects arctic deltas differ little from deltas found elsewhere, i.e. they have distributaries, sand bars, mudflats, sand dunes, subaerial and subaqueous portions and various kinds of lakes. Included among the unique forms in arctic deltas are ice wedges, ice-wedge polygons, pingos and thermokarst lakes.
MATERIALS ASPECTS OF CRACK TIP YIELDING AND SUBCRITICAL CRACK GROWTH IN ENGINEERING ALLOYS

ABSTRACT The micromechanics of crack opening, and plastic yielding within the highly deformed near-tip region, are described. Recent high resolution experimental observations are compared with the results of continuum analyses, and deviations due to material and environmental influences noted. The role of detailed crack yielding information in the modeling and understanding of subcritical crack advance is discussed.
Abstract 4889: Blockade of FAK and Src activation enhances antitumor activity of sorafenib in non-small cell lung carcinomas harboring G12S KRAS mutation

Background: Mutations in the KRAS gene are present in approximately 25% of lung adenocarcinoma cases and are associated with poor prognosis and resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. Although sorafenib has shown considerable promise in the treatment of KRAS mutant NSCLC, resistance to the treatment eventually occurs. We have previously reported that acquired sorafenib resistance in KRAS-mutant A549 xenografts involves the compensatory activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src, while inhibition of Src alone is insufficient to overcome the resistance. Objectives: Our aim in this study was to demonstrate simultaneous blockade of FAK and Src activation as a potential strategy to enhance the antitumor activity of sorafenib in KRAS mutant NSCLC. Methods: The cytotoxicity of sorafenib and dasatinib used as a single agent or in combination was initially determined in human NSCLC cells (A549, H358 and H1915 cells), with either non-targeting control shRNA or FAK shRNA knockdown. Based on the initial findings, the cytotoxicity of sorafenib, dasatinib and FAK inhibitor 14 used as a single agent or in combination was examined in A549 cells. Western blot analysis was conducted to reveal possible mechanisms underlying the improved therapeutic effect. Results: Among the three selected human NSCLC cell lines, H358 (with G12C KRAS mutation) was the most sensitive and H1915 (with wild-type KRAS) was the most resistant to treatment with dasatinib and sorafenib alone or in combination. In A549 cells with G12S KRAS mutation, FAK knockdown significantly increased the sensitivity of cells to dasatinib treatment (P Conclusions: Results of our in vitro study warrants further evaluation of the triple combination therapy with sorafenib, dasatinib and an effective FAK inhibitor in the treatment of NSCLC with G12S KRAS mutation. Citation Format: Qingyu Stephanie Zhou, Mitchell West. Blockade of FAK and Src activation enhances antitumor activity of sorafenib in non-small cell lung carcinomas harboring G12S KRAS mutation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4889.
Kinetics of D/H isotope fractionation between molecular hydrogen and water

Abstract At equilibrium, the D/H isotope fractionation factor between H2 and H2O (αH2O-H2(eq)) is a sensitive indicator of temperature, and has been used as a geothermometer for natural springs and gas discharges. However, δDH2 measured in spring waters may underestimate subsurface temperatures of origin due to partial isotopic re-equilibration during ascent and cooling. We present new experimental data on the kinetics of D–H exchange for H2 dissolved in liquid water at temperatures below 100 °C. Comparing these results with published exchange rates obtained from gas phase experiments (100–400 °C), we derive a consistent activation energy of 52 kJ/mol, and the following rate expressions; ln k = 9.186 - 6298 / T and k 1 = 9764.61 [ H 2 O ] e - 6298 / T where T is absolute temperature (K), k is the universal rate constant ([L/mol]/hr), and k1 is a pseudo-first-order constant (hr−1) applicable to water-dominated terrestrial systems by constraining [H2O] as the density of H2O (in mol/L) at the P-T of interest. The density-dependent rate constant accounts for the kinetic disparity of D–H exchange with H2 when dissolved in liquid H2O relative to a gas/steam phase, exemplifed by 1/k1 at 100 °C of ∼2 days in liquid, versus ∼7 yrs in saturated steam. This difference may explain the high variability of δDH2 observed in fumarolic gases. Fluids convecting in the crust frequently reach T > 225 °C, where isotopic equilibrium is rapidly attained (
Vitamin D attenuates human gingival fibroblast inflammatory cytokine production following advanced glycation end product interaction with receptors for AGE.

Background and objectives Vitamin D [1,25(OH)2 D3 or 1,25D3] is critical in musculoskeletal health, inflammation, immune response, and glucose metabolism. Patients with vitamin D deficiency may be at higher risk of diabetes and periodontitis. Diabetic patients exhibit exacerbated inflammation and more periodontal destruction. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), formed during diabetic hyperglycemia, activate inflammatory pathways in periodontitis. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) express receptors for AGEs (RAGEs) and can contribute to inflammation. Objectives Determine whether glycated human serum albumin (G-HSA) augments HGF IL-6 and IL-8 production, and whether treatment with 1,25D3 attenuates cytokine production following stimulation with G-HSA + IL-1β and/or IL-17. Material and methods HGFs were incubated ±G-HSA or normal human serum albumin (HSA), ±IL-1β and/or IL-17, ±1,25D3. Cytokines were measured by ELISA. Neutralizing anti-RAGE was used to assess AGE-RAGE interaction. Endotoxin was measured using the ToxinSensor™ System. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe's F procedure for post hoc comparisons. Results G-HSA or IL-1β, but not HSA, significantly stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 production. G-HSA or HSA when combined with IL-1β or IL-1β + IL-17 synergistically stimulated IL-6 and IL-8. Neutralizing anti-RAGE inhibited IL-6 and IL-8 produced by cells stimulated with IL-1β + G-HSA but not (+HSA). Synergism caused by HSA did not appear to be mediated by endotoxin since its levels in G-HSA and HSA were not sufficient to stimulate fibroblasts. Vitamin D inhibited IL-6 and IL-8 production stimulated by G-HSA or HSA + IL-1β or IL-1β + IL-17. Conclusions Results suggest that the "perioprotective" effects of vitamin D are related to its ability to regulate inflammatory cytokine production by HGFs following AGE-RAGE interaction.
Members of the Genus Methylobacter Are Inferred To Account for the Majority of Aerobic Methane Oxidation in Oxic Soils from a Freshwater Wetland

Microbial carbon degradation and methanogenesis in wetland soils generate a large proportion of atmospheric methane, a highly potent greenhouse gas. Despite their potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, knowledge about methane-consuming methanotrophs is often limited to lower-resolution single-gene surveys that fail to capture the taxonomic and metabolic diversity of these microorganisms in soils. Here our objective was to use genome-enabled approaches to investigate methanotroph membership, distribution, and in situ activity across spatial and seasonal gradients in a freshwater wetland near Lake Erie. 16S rRNA gene analyses demonstrated that members of the methanotrophic Methylococcales were dominant, with the dominance largely driven by the relative abundance of four taxa, and enriched in oxic surface soils. Three methanotroph genomes from assembled soil metagenomes were assigned to the genus Methylobacter and represented the most abundant methanotrophs across the wetland. Paired metatranscriptomes confirmed that these Old Woman Creek (OWC) Methylobacter members accounted for nearly all the aerobic methanotrophic activity across two seasons. In addition to having the capacity to couple methane oxidation to aerobic respiration, these new genomes encoded denitrification potential that may sustain energy generation in soils with lower dissolved oxygen concentrations. We further show that Methylobacter members that were closely related to the OWC members were present in many other high-methane-emitting freshwater and soil sites, suggesting that this lineage could participate in methane consumption in analogous ecosystems. This work contributes to the growing body of research suggesting that Methylobacter may represent critical mediators of methane fluxes in freshwater saturated sediments and soils worldwide.IMPORTANCE Here we used soil metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to uncover novel members within the genus Methylobacter We denote these closely related genomes as members of the lineage OWC Methylobacter Despite the incredibly high microbial diversity in soils, here we present findings that unexpectedly showed that methane cycling was primarily mediated by a single genus for both methane production ("Candidatus Methanothrix paradoxum") and methane consumption (OWC Methylobacter). Metatranscriptomic analyses revealed that decreased methanotrophic activity rather than increased methanogenic activity possibly contributed to the greater methane emissions that we had previously observed in summer months, findings important for biogeochemical methane models. Although members of this Methylococcales order have been cultivated for decades, multi-omic approaches continue to illuminate the methanotroph phylogenetic and metabolic diversity harbored in terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
Ecosystem health through ecological restoration: barriers and opportunities

It is quite possible that no ecosystem on the planet is totally free of anthropogenic effects. Changes in the ozone layer, airborne transport of contaminants, and the persistence of pesticides and other chemicals, coupled with biological magnification, implies that even remote areas are probably not comparable to their condition before the industrial revolution and the recent explosion of human population. Theoretical ecologists have attempted to isolate their theories and studies from anthropogenic effects with varying degrees of success. However, finding ecosystems free of the effects of human society is becoming increasingly difficult, partly because of the global nature of pollution problems. Regrettably, many academicians are not educated in policy development as they work toward B.S., M.S., or Ph.D. degrees in the sciences. As a consequence, scientists are surprised to learn that a politically-appointed individual, experienced in law or some other non-scientific field, usually has final decision-making authority over policy that affects ecosystems. Scientists must understand that policy links science to social, economic, and legal societal values and needs. Finally, aside from the fact that policy or lack thereof now affects all of the planet's ecosystems, policy most likely will also determine which areas of research are funded. While some scientific studies could be carried out with personal funds, these are not particularly common in mainstream science and, therefore, obtaining financial support for ecosystem studies for the remainder of this century and probably early in the next will depend increasingly on societal policy other than purely science policy.
Relationships Between Mercury Concentration in Young-of-the-Year Yellow Perch and Precipitation Depth, Water Level, and Temperature

This article identifies environmental factors that explain most of the dynamic year-to-year changes in mercury concentrations of young-of-year (YOY) yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in study reservoirs. Mercury concentrations in fish, collected each fall, were measured for 9 years in four reservoirs in northeastern Minnesota. Three to 4 years of data were also obtained for two natural lakes and one other reservoir. Average annual concentrations varied considerably from year to year with a mean change of 39% between consecutive years across all lakes. Those averages show a similar time trend for each lake over the years and suggest that important factors influencing mercury bioaccumulation change annually and are also experienced in common over the study region. Three factors satisfying that description are precipitation depth, water level, and average air temperature. This article reveals that all three have statistically significant correlations with observed mercury concentrations. Moreover, multiple regressions indicate that maximum water levels and average air temperatures explain most of the observed variations. Regressions employing precipitation depth and temperature are less significant.
Catalyzed Nitric Oxide Release via Cu Nanoparticles Leads to an Increase in Antimicrobial Effects and Hemocompatibility for Short-Term Extracorporeal Circulation

Devices used for extracorporeal circulation are met with two major medical concerns: thrombosis and infection. A device that allows for anticoagulant-free circulation while reducing risk of infection has yet to be developed. We report the use of a copper nanoparticle (Cu NP) catalyst for the release of nitric oxide (NO) from the endogenous donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in a coating applied to commercial Tygon S3™ E-3603 poly(vinyl chloride) tubing in order to reduce adhered bacterial viability and the occurrence thrombosis for the first time in an animal model. Cu GSNO coated material demonstrated a nitric oxide (NO) release flux ranging from an initial flux of 6.3 ± 0.9 ×10-10 mol cm-2 min-1 to 7.1 ± 0.4 ×10-10 mol cm-2 min-1 after 4 h of release, while GSNO loops without Cu NPs only ranged from an initial flux of 1.1 ± 0.2 ×10-10 mol cm-2 min-1 to 2.3 ± 0.2 ×10-10 mol cm-2 min-1 after 4 h of release, indicating that the addition of Cu NPs can increase NO flux up to five times in the same 4 h period. Additionally, a 3-log reduction in S. aureus and 1-log reduction in P. aeruginosa was observed in viable bacterial adhesion over a 24 h period compared to control loops. A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to validate no overall cytotoxicity towards 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Finally, extracorporeal circuits were coated and exposed to 4 h of blood flow under an in vivo rabbit model. The Cu GSNO combination was successful in maintaining 89.3% of baseline platelet counts, while the control loops were able to maintain 67.6% of the baseline. These results suggest that the combination of Cu NPs with GSNO increases hemocompatibility and antimicrobial properties of ECC loops without any cytotoxic effects towards mammalian cells.
The Jews Say the Hand of God is Chained: Q. 5:64 as a Response to a Midrash in a piyyut by R. Elʿazar ha-Kallir

In Q. 5:64, the Qur'an accuses the Jews of describing God as a deity with a chained (maghlūla) hand, a charge the Qur'an understands as indicating divine miserliness. However, a foray into Jewish t...
Chemical profile dataset of Cornus officinalis from multiple sources using HPLC/MS

This article displays raw data linked to the research article "Compositional Analysis and Biological Characterization of Cornus officinalis on Human 1.1B4 Pancreatic β Cells" [1]. This data was generated by utilizing HPLC/(+and -)ESI-MSn on Cornus officinalis (CO) from four independent sources [1]. The aim was to identify the chemical profile of CO from multiple sources to compare the similarities and differences resulting from various processing methods, and compile a list of known and novel constituents to elucidate the bioactive ingredients. This report contains the full chromatogram and a raw list of the constituents found in CO including chemical name, retention time, and molecular weight from all four sources. All data from HPLC/MS analysis is raw and unprocessed.
Hindbrain lactoprivic regulation of hypothalamic neuron transactivation and gluco-regulatory neurotransmitter expression: Impact of antecedent insulin-induced hypoglycemia

Hindbrain energy state shapes hypothalamic control of glucostasis. Dorsal vagal complex (DVC) L-lactate deficiency is a potent glucose-stimulatory signal that triggers neuronal transcriptional activation in key hypothalamic metabolic loci. The energy gauge AMPK is activated in DVC metabolic-sensory A2 noradrenergic neurons by hypoglycemia-associated lactoprivation, but sensor reactivity is diminished by antecedent hypoglycemia (AH). Current research addressed the premise that AH alters hindbrain lactoprivic regulation of hypothalamic metabolic transmitter function. AH did not modify reductions in A2 dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and monocarboxylate-2 (MCT2) protein expression elicited by caudal fourth ventricular delivery of the MCT inhibitor alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (4CIN), but attenuated 4CIN activation of A2 AMPK. 4CIN constraint of hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) activity was averted by AH in a site-specific manner. 4CIN induction of Fos immunolabeling in hypothalamic arcuate (ARH), ventromedial (VMN), dorsomedial (DMN) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) was avoided by AH. AH affected reactivity of select hypothalamic metabolic neurotransmitter/enzyme marker proteins, e.g. ARH neuropeptide Y, VMN glutamate decarboxylase, DMN RFamide-related peptide-1 and -3, and LHA orexin-A profiles to 4CIN, but did not alleviate drug inhibition of ARH proopiomelanocortin. AH prevented 4CIN augmentation of circulating glucagon, but did not alter hyperglycemic or hypocorticosteronemic responses to that treatment. Results identify hindbrain lactate deficiency as a stimulus for glucagon secretion, and imply that habituation of this critical counter-regulatory hormone to recurring hypoglycemia may involve one or more hypothalamic neurotransmitters characterized here by acclimation to this critical sensory stimulus.
Environmental exposures during puberty: Window of breast cancer risk and epigenetic damage

During puberty, a woman's breasts are vulnerable to environmental damage ("window of vulnerability"). Early exposure to environmental carcinogens, endocrine disruptors, and unhealthy foods (refined sugar, processed fats, food additives) are hypothesized to promote molecular damage that increases breast cancer risk. However, prospective human studies are difficult to perform and effective interventions to prevent these early exposures are lacking. It is difficult to prevent environmental exposures during puberty. Specifically, young women are repeatedly exposed to media messaging that promotes unhealthy foods. Young women living in disadvantaged neighborhoods experience additional challenges including a lack of access to healthy food and exposure to contaminated air, water, and soil. The purpose of this review is to gather information on potential exposures during puberty. In future directions, this information will be used to help elementary/middle-school girls to identify and quantitate environmental exposures and develop cost-effective strategies to reduce exposures.
A Survey of Silicon Photonics for Energy-Efficient Manycore Computing

Silicon photonics is an emerging paradigm for designing energy -efficient and high-performance communication backbone for manycore chips. This article presents a survey about designing photonic on-chip infrastructure.
Antiepileptic drug withdrawal and seizure severity in the epilepsy monitoring unit

Abstract Objective The goal of this study was to identify a strategy for antiepileptic drug (AED) reduction to allow efficient recording of focal seizures (FS) in patients undergoing video-electroencephalography (EEG) in an epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) while avoiding the risk of complications associated with more severe seizure types. Methods We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients admitted to our institution's EMU from July 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. We included 114 presurgical patients who had AEDs reduced and at least one seizure during the admission. We compared AED dosages at which FS versus focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (f-BTCS), seizure clusters, and lorazepam administration occurred. We also examined rate of AED reduction and seizure types. We used a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve to identify a dose maximizing FS and minimizing other seizure types. Results Antiepileptic drug withdrawal rates ranged from 0 to 100% in the first 24 h (mean: 20%, standard deviation: 20%). Focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures and lorazepam administration occurred at a lower median AED dose than did FS (0%, 7.2%, and 43.8%, respectively, expressed as a percentage of the patient's outpatient daily AED dose; p Conclusions Focal seizures occurred at a higher AED dose than did f-BTCS. This may imply that a low minimally effective dose of AED could allow FS to be recorded while providing protection against f-BTCS. This strategy could improve efficacy and safety in the EMU.
Age-related differences in borderline personality disorder symptom networks in a transdiagnostic sample.

Abstract Background Naturalistic longitudinal studies of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) indicate that symptoms improve over time. In the present study, we applied network theory to the question of how BPD symptom networks may differ as a function of age. Methods In a transdiagnostic sample of 5,212 patients presenting for acute psychiatric treatment, we administered a measure of BPD symptoms and then used a novel machine learning technique to test the hypothesis that symptom networks would significantly differ across the age of participants. Results Results supported two significant differences in the BPD symptom network that emerged at age 46. In older participants, the relationships among symptoms of non-suicidal self-injury/suicide and emptiness was weaker, yet the relationship between anger and relationship problems was stronger. No differences emerged for relationships between all other symptoms. Limitations Given the cross-sectional nature of this study, the potential influence of cohort effects cannot be ruled out. Conclusions These findings support the utility of network theory for elucidating potential pathways by which the relationships between symptoms of BPD may differ as a function of age in treatment-seeking individuals. In parallel, results of this study support the highly central role of strong emotions in BPD regardless of age.
Abstract P177: Treatment Of Resistant Hypertension In Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy And Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction

Background: Lowering blood pressure (BP) in patients with resistant hypertension (RH) is challenging. When RH co-exists with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LV...
Electrical and Hemodynamic Neural Functions in People With ALS: An EEG-fNIRS Resting-State Study

Objective: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease that causes the progressive loss of voluntary muscle control. Recent studies have reported conflicting results on alterations in resting-state functional brain networks in ALS by adopting unimodal techniques that measure either electrophysiological or vascular-hemodynamic neural functions. However, no study to date has explored simultaneous electrical and vascular-hemodynamic changes in the resting-state brain in ALS. Using complementary multimodal electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recording and analysis techniques, we explored the underlying multidimensional neural contributions to altered oscillations and functional connectivity in people with ALS. Methods: 10 ALS patients and 9 age-matched controls underwent multimodal EEG-fNIRS recording in the resting state. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and power spectra of both modalities in both groups were analyzed and compared statistically. Results: Increased fronto-parietal EEG connectivity in the alpha and beta bands and increased interhemispheric and right intra-hemispheric fNIRS connectivity in the frontal and prefrontal regions were observed in ALS. Frontal, central, and temporal theta and alpha EEG power decreased in ALS, as did parietal and occipital alpha EEG power, while frontal and parietal hemodynamic spectral power increased in ALS. Significance: These results suggest that electro-vascular disruption in neuronal networks extends to the extra-motor regions in ALS patients, which can ultimately introduce novel neural markers of ALS that can be exploited further as diagnostic and prognostic tools.
Fundamentals of Measure and Integration Theory

This chapter presents the basic concepts of the theory of measure and integration. A measure is a set function, that is, an assignment of a number μ ( A ) to each set A in a certain class. Some structure must be imposed on the class of sets on which μ is defined, and probability considerations provide a good motivation for the type of structure required. The chapter presents an assumption that if Ω is a set whose points correspond to the possible outcomes of a random experiment, certain subsets of Ω will be called events and assigned a probability. It is possible to develop a theory of measure with the countable additivity requirement replaced by the weaker condition of finite additivity. The disadvantage of doing this is that the resulting mathematical equipment is much less powerful.
Ambient multiaxial creep: shakedown analysis of structures using stereo digital image correlation

A new framework to utilize stereo-vision digital image correlation (DIC) as a means of identifying the multiaxial cyclic shakedown behavior of structures is demonstrated on high strength steel bars. AISI 1144 carbon steel cylindrical bars are subjected to cyclic tension with nonzero mean stress and constant torque under ambient conditions. An elastic analytical solution is used in a post-processing procedure to extract inelastic strains and estimate the accumulated inelastic strain during cycling. DIC results are used to understand the cyclic strain evolution and determine if the accumulation of plastic strain stabilizes (shakedown). The results are used to construct a load interaction diagram (Bree Diagram) that displays the loading combinations resulting in purely elastic, safe shakedown, and undesirable cyclic inelastic behavior. The manifestation of ambient creep, during the multiaxial cyclic loading, is demonstrated through dedicated experiments. The shakedown criteria has been adapted to account for the ambient creep behavior. Depending on target structural lifetimes and allowable total strains, it is found that the design space can be enhanced by allowing shakedown to occur. An illustration is given for which the design space is enlarged 1.25 times the typical yield-limited approach.
Redescription of Kalliapseudes obtusifrons (Haswell, 1882), from Southeast Australia (Crustacea : Tanaidacea : Apseudomorpha : Kalliapseudidae), With the Designation of a Lectotype

Kalliapseudes obtusifrons (Haswell) is redescribed and referred to the genus Kalliapseudes sensu stricto. It can be distinguished from the other members of the genus by the nature of the ventral spines on the propodus of pereopods IV and V, the dorsal setation of the merus and the armature on the dactylus of pereopod VI. A key to the four species of the genus Kalliapseudes known from Australian waters is presented.
Association of ovarian response with picoAMH in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.

Abstract Objective Our study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a high-sensitivity picoAnti-Mullerian Hormone (picoAMH) for predicting ovarian response in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and occurrence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Methods Retrospective cohort study at a single academic fertility center including all patients with picoAMH ELISA who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. The primary outcome was the number of oocytes retrieved, and secondary outcomes included cycle cancellation and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Patients were grouped into poor, normal, and hyper-responders based on number of oocytes retrieved. Results The mean AMH and antral follicle count (AFC) were significantly different between normal response vs. hyper response group (p Conclusion This study shows great utility of picoAMH ELISA for predicting ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). Diagnostic performance of picoAMH for prediction of OHSS is superior to the AFC in our cohort.
The distance-k dimension of graphs

The metric dimension, $\dim(G)$, of a graph $G$ is a graph parameter motivated by robot navigation that has been studied extensively. Let $G$ be a graph with vertex set $V(G)$, and let $d(x,y)$ denote the length of a shortest $x-y$ path in $G$. For a positive integer $k$ and for distinct $x,y \in V(G)$, let $d_k(x,y)=\min\{d(x,y), k+1\}$ and let $R_k\{x,y\}=\{z\in V(G): d_k(x,z) \neq d_k(y,z)\}$. A subset $S\subseteq V(G)$ is a distance-$k$ resolving set of $G$ if $|S \cap R_k\{x,y\}| \ge 1$ for any pair of distinct $x,y \in V(G)$, and the distance-$k$ dimension, $\dim_k(G)$, of $G$ is the minimum cardinality over all distance-$k$ resolving sets of $G$. In this paper, we study the distance-$k$ dimension of graphs. We obtain some general bounds for distance-$k$ dimension. For all $k \ge 1$, we characterize connected graphs $G$ of order $n$ with $\dim_k(G) \ge n-2$. We determine $\dim_k(G)$ when $G$ is a cycle or a path. We also examine the effect of vertex or edge deletion on the distance-$k$ dimension of graphs.
Cancer and quality of life in spousal dyads: spillover in couples with and without cancer-related health problems.

Poor health of one spouse can adversely influence the partner’s health outcomes (“spillover”). This study aimed to estimate quality of life spillover among spouses and to determine how presence of cancer influenced these effects. We examined data on husband–wife dyads with cancer-related health problems, medical events, or disabilities (n = 910) and matched comparison dyads from the 2004–2012 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey, a population-based survey of the USA. Mental and physical health-related quality of life and depressed mood were reported at two time points (T1 and T2, 11 months apart on average). Dyadic multilevel models evaluated the cross-lagged impact of HRQoL and depressed mood at T1 on spouses’ HRQoL at T2, controlling for sociodemographics and health conditions. Small but statistically significant spillover was observed for mental and physical HRQoL among couples with cancer. Spillover occurred from both the spouse to the survivor and from survivor to spouse. Depressed mood, in particular, showed stronger spillover effects from the spouse to the survivor than the inverse. Similar effects were not observed in dyads without cancer. Screening for and treating poor HRQoL and depressed mood concurrently in both cancer survivors, and their spouses may positively influence HRQoL outcomes. Future research is needed to further elucidate these findings and determine whether a concurrent approach to psychosocial care in survivors and their spouses may improve long-term outcomes.
Managing the transfer of manufacturing technology for industrial development

It is noted that optimal selection of a technology transfer channel depends upon the availability of local financial, human, and material resources as well as the degree of control the donor corporations would like to exercise in recipient countries. The authors examine four main channels of transfer of manufacturing technology to developing countries: turnkey plants, licensing agreements, joint-venture arrangements, and foreign subsidiaries to assist decision makers. >
Reading Griselda's Smocks in the Clerk's Tale

Ranging from the ostentatious and richly ornamented to the utmost in simplicity, the basic undergarment – the smock – speaks to the audience for medieval literature through the details of its fabric and/or construction as specified by individual medieval authors. It is often employed metaphorically in phrases such as “clad in his [or her] sherte alone,” as discussed when dealing with Geoffrey Chaucer's variations of this well-known metaphor in Troilus and Criseyde (IV, 96, 1522–23). These wearers of a “sherte alone” are presented in the state of virtual nakedness, bereft of all usual signs of social rank, and, on occasion, suffering humiliation. The smock , the feminine term for this garment, can also be incorporated in descriptions as an important costume sign representing social status or character: nobility or peasant status, dignified duty or servile subjection, humiliation or triumphant dignity, personal humility or pride – to mention only a few of the many possibilities. Chaucer employs smock imagery in his costume rhetoric in the Clerk's Tale ( ClT ) in all of these significations, separately and sometimes multivalently. And, while numerous critics supply informative commentary on the costumes mentioned in this tale, they rarely do so with concerted attention paid to the broad combined contexts of medieval material culture – the placement of each garment within the history of costume, the quality and value of its fabric and decoration, and its style and suitability to its wearer's social circumstances.
Delayed suprachoroidal hemorrhage after glaucoma filtration procedures

Abstract Objectives To determine the incidence of, risk factors for, and outcomes of delayed suprachoroidal hemorrhage (DSCH) after glaucoma filtration surgery. Design Retrospective case-control study. Participants All patients undergoing glaucoma filtration procedures between 1986 and 2000 at Indiana University who were diagnosed postoperatively with suprachoroidal hemorrhage. A total of 66 patients with DSCH were identified. These were compared with a randomly selected group of patients who underwent similar procedures but did not have suprachoroidal hemorrhage. Methods Total cases of DSCH were initially compared with the total number of glaucoma surgeries to determine the overall incidence and the incidence in the different procedures. Subsequently, a case-control study was performed comparing the group with hemorrhage to the control group to identify risk factors. Finally, outcomes and prognostic factors were determined by comparing vision preoperatively and postoperatively and parameters of patients with good and poor outcomes. Main outcome measures Incidence of DSCH, risk factors associated with its occurrence, visual outcomes, and factors important for prognosis. Results Of a total of 2285 glaucoma filtration procedures, 66 (2.9%) cases of DSCH were identified. It developed in 9 of 615 (1.5%) trabeculectomies without antimetabolite, 30 of 1248 (2.4%) trabeculectomies with antimetabolite, 2 of 72 (2.8%) valved tube shunt implantations, and 25 of 350 (7.1%) nonvalved tube shunt implantations. The increased incidence of DSCH after tube shunts compared with trabeculectomy-associated DSCH was significant ( P P = 0.012), anticoagulation ( P = 0.034), severe postoperative hypotony ( P = 0.033), and aphakia/anterior chamber intraocular lens ( P = 0.002). The visual outcomes of patients with hemorrhage were poor, with a decrease in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity from 0.72 to 1.36, which was statistically significant compared with the controls ( P Conclusions Delayed suprachoroidal hemorrhage occurs more frequently after tube shunt implantation than after trabeculectomy. Caution should be exercised when operating on patients with known risk factors, because the visual outcomes after DSCH are poor.
Encountering Compassion in Substance Abuse Studies: Views from a Doctoral Student

When she disclosed an aspiration that helped sustain her commitment to educating future social workers, I was initially disappointed. As a Bachelor of Social Work student, I was a young idealist, p...
Human aldehyde dehydrogenase. cDNA cloning and primary structure of the enzyme that catalyzes dehydrogenation of 4-aminobutyraldehyde.

The human “low Km” aldehyde dehydrogenases, E1, E2 and E3 share many common catalytic features. These include NAD as coenzyme, broad substrate specificity, low micro-molar Km values for short chain aliphatic aldehydes, and similar Km values and maximal velocities with substrates such as imidazole acetaldehyde and the metabolites of monoamines like serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine (Ambroziak and Pietruszko, 1991). All three isozymes also catalyze the dehydrogenation of aminoaldehydes; however, the Km values of the E3 isozyme for these compounds are considerably lower (5 μM for γ-aminobutyraldehyde, Ambroziak and Pietruszko, 1991) than those of E1 and E2 isozymes (Km values for γ-aminobutyraldehyde, 800 μM and 500 μM, respectively, Ambroziak and Pietruszko, 1987). Work on enzymes like E1 and E2 from other species has demonstrated that both El-like (class 1) and E2-like (class 2) enzymes can catalyze the dehydrogenation of retinal to retinoic acid (Chen et al., 1994). There is good evidence for the involvement of the class 1 enzyme in mammalian eye development (McCaffery et al., 1991; Godbout et al., 1996). This enzyme may also be involved in prostaglandin metabolism (Westlund et al., 1994).
The Impact of Lagging Strand Replication Mutations on the Stability of CAG Repeat Tracts in Yeast

We have examined the stability of long tracts of CAG repeats in yeast mutants defective in enzymes suspected to be involved in lagging strand replication. Alleles of DNA ligase (cdc9-1 and cdc9-2) destabilize CAG tracts in the stable tract orientation, i.e., when CAG serves as the lagging strand template. In this orientation nearly two-thirds of the events recorded in the cdc9-1 mutant were tract expansions. While neither DNA ligase allele significantly increases the frequency of tract-length changes in the unstable orientation, the cdc9-1 mutant produced a significant number of expansions in tracts of this orientation. A mutation in primase (pri2-1) destabilizes tracts in both the stable and the unstable orientations. Mutations in a DNA helicase/deoxyribonuclease (dna2-1) or in two RNase H activities (rnh1Delta and rnh35Delta) do not have a significant effect on CAG repeat tract stability. We interpret our results in terms of the steps of replication that are likely to lead to expansion and to contraction of CAG repeat tracts.
Patterns and influences on Dolly Varden migratory timing in the Chignik Lakes, Alaska, and comparison of populations throughout the northeastern Pacific and Arctic oceans

Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) are a facultatively anadromous salmonid common around much of the North Pacific Rim, but little is known about the environmental factors affecting the timing and diversity of their migration. We combined telemetry of anadromous fish with long-term monitoring of Dolly Varden upstream migration timing and environmental data in the Chignik Lakes watershed in Alaska and then compared the timing data with that of other streams where only count data were available. Telemetry revealed two upstream migration modes: midsummer and late fall at the Chignik Lakes. Weir counts indicated that timing fluctuated markedly over the monitoring period (1996–2011) and was negatively correlated with June sea surface temperature. The relationship between sea surface temperature and migration timing in other watersheds with long-term records was as follows: negative (Buskin River), positive (Auke Creek), or nonexistent (Goodnews and Kanektok rivers). Among 18 streams and rivers throughout the east...