cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subtractive manufacturing with geminal powers:making good use of a bad wave function

ABSTRACTThe cluster Jastrow antisymmetric geminal power ansatz was recently introduced as a promising approach for treating weak and strong electron correlations simultaneously. One crucial aspect of this ansatz is that the Jastrow operator allows the geminal power to achieve size consistency through the deletion of unphysical ionic terms. Here, we present data suggesting that the effects of such deletions go much deeper, causing the geminal to ‘intentionally’ take on a highly unphysical form that, in the presence of the Jastrow's deletions, nonetheless results in an accurate final wave function, a process that we note is similar to the variation-after-projection approach of projected Hartree–Fock theory. Indeed, in both LiF and N2, we show that the optimal geminal is quite unphysical if considered on its own, but in ways that the Jastrow easily corrects to yield a highly accurate final wave function.
Prostate cancer markers: An update (Review)

As the most common noncutaneous malignancy in American men, prostate cancer currently accounts for 29% of all diagnosed cancers, and ranks second as the cause of cancer fatality in American men. Prostatic cancer is rarely symptomatic early in its course and therefore disease presentation often implies local extension or even metastatic disease. Thus, it is extremely critical to detect and diagnose prostate cancer in its earliest stages, often prior to the presentation of symptoms. Three of the most common techniques used to detect prostate cancer are the digital rectal exam, the transrectal ultrasound, and the use of biomarkers. This review presents an update regarding the field of prostate cancer biomarkers and comments on future biomarkers. Although there is not a lack of research in the field of prostate cancer biomarkers, the discovery of a novel biomarker that may have the advantage of being more specific and effective warrants future scientific inquiry.
Methods and Theories in the Classroom: Teaching the Study of Myths and Rituals

L'A. presente une serie d'ouvrages consacres a l'etude des mythes. Il pense que la bonne sante future de cette discipline depend de la capacite de ceux qui la pratiquent a developper et defendre des theories face a des intuitions. La cooperation interdisciplinaire sera essentielle pour la survie de la discipline a l'universite. Les theories de la religion sont souvent construites sur des theories du mythe et du rituel; c'est donc un bon point de depart pour revoir les fondements theoriques de la discipline. Pour les chercheurs, il s'agit de demystifier le mythe de l'unicite religieuse
Influence of the Quality of Protein in Pollens and of a Pollen Substitute on the Development of the Hypopharyngeal Glands of Honey Bees

Numerous scientific investigators have shown that the protein in different kinds of pollens varies widely in quality, quantity, and food value for honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (Todd and Bretherick 1942; Lunden 1956; Standifer 1966, 1967). However, apiculturists and other entomologists engaged in studies of insect nutrition frequently disregard these findings and incorporate pollens of unknown source and chemical composition (see references cited in Standifer et al. 1960, Standifer 1967) into experimental diets. The present investigation was made at the Honey Bee Pollination Investigations Laboratory at Tucson, Ariz., to determine the effect of equal amounts of 2 chemically different pollens and of a pollen substitute diet on the growth of nurse honey bees as indicated by the morphological development of the hypopharyngeal glands.
Options for management of the axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer

SUMMARY Axillary dissection provides important prognostic information and maintains local control in the axilla, but is not generally felt to contribute to the cure of breast cancer. Sentinel node biopsy has the potential to accurately identify node-negative women, allowing axillary dissection to be limited to women with positive nodes who are likely to benefit from the procedure. However, whether complete dissection is needed when a positive sentinel node is identified is uncertain, and this issue is being addressed in a clinical trial. Sentinel node biopsy has also raised the possibility of improving the staging of breast cancer through the detection of micrometastasis. At present, the prognostic significance of small cell clusters detected by immunohistochemistry is uncertain, and definitive information should be forthcoming from ongoing clinical trials. Better stratification of prognostic groups has the potential to allow the more selective use of adjuvant systemic therapy.
College Women's Assignment of Blame Versus Responsibility for Sexual Assault Experiences.

The present study investigated in a sample of college women (N = 154) (a) assignment of self-blame, perpetrator blame, personal responsibility, and perpetrator responsibility for sexual assault; (b) differences in how women assigned blame versus responsibility toward themselves and the perpetrator; (c) significant correlations between blame and responsibility of self and the perpetrator and positive and negative post-assault outcomes; and (d) the underlying factors that explained different forms of blame and responsibility. The present study suggests a need for future sexual assault research to delineate and further examine the constructs of blame and responsibility. Implications for practice are also discussed.
Effect of thermal dose on heat shock protein expression after radio-frequency ablation with and without adjuvant nanoparticle chemotherapies.

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different radio-frequency ablation (RFA) thermal doses on coagulation and heat shock protein (HSP) response with and without adjuvant nanotherapies.Materials and methods: First, Fischer rats were assigned to nine different thermal doses of hepatic RFA (50–90 °C, 2–20 min, three per group) or no treatment (n = 3). Next, five of these RF thermal doses were combined with liposomal-doxorubicin (Lipo-Dox, 1 mg intravenously) in R3230 breast tumours, or no tumour treatment (five per group). Finally, RFA/Lipo-Dox was given without and with an Hsp70 inhibitor, micellar quercetin (Mic-Qu, 0.3 mg intravenously) for two different RFA doses with similar coagulation but differing peri-ablational Hsp70 (RFA/Lipo-Dox at 70 °C × 5 min and 90 °C × 2 min, single tumours, five per group). All animals were sacrificed 24 h post-RFA and gross tissue coagulation and Hsp70 (maximum rim thickness and % cell positivity) were correlated to thermal dose including c...
InGaAs/GaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers on (311)B GaAs substrate

InGaAs/GaAs vertical cavity top-emitting dielectric-mirror surface-emitting lasers have been fabricated on a
Abstract P059: Cardiomyocyte Unfolded Protein Response Stimulates Autophagy

Background: Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process of protein and organelle recycling. Under basal conditions, autophagy is critical for protein and organelle quality control. This cannibalization mechanism, however, can be detrimental under certain conditions, and dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in numerous diseases. Recently, activation of autophagic flux has been reported in cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular mechanism triggered by folding stress in the ER. When protein folding capacity, governed by ER resident chaperones, is overwhelmed by misfolded proteins, ER stress ensues, stimulating chaperone protein expression, ER associated degradation, and ultimately cell death if the stress is not remediated. Recent studies in yeast suggest the UPR can directly activate autophagy by phosphorylating ATG1, a critical upstream kinase required during autophagy initiation. However, whether and how ER stress, which is active in cardiac disease, regulates autophagy in heart is unknown. Methods and Results: Using neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes in culture, we found the classical ER stress inducer, tunicamycin, triggers profound UPR signaling and autophagy up-regulation. The processing of LC3-II, an indication of autophagy activity, is dramatically increased. As multiple pathways are involved in ER stress, we focused on the IRE1/XBP1 branch. With cardiomyocyte-specific over-expression by lentivirus in vitro, we observed robust activation of autophagy. Further, we found that in vivo over-expression of XBP1s in cardiomyocytes triggered autophagy, as evidenced by real-time PCR and immunoblotting assays. As autophagy markers can accumulate due to blockage of lysosomal degradation, we quantified the lysosomal proteins, cathepsin D and LAMP1, finding each to be increased, suggesting that autophagic activity and flux per se are enhanced. Conclusions: Taken together, our data suggest that the XBP1s arm of the UPR pathway activates autophagic gene expression, autophagosome assembly, and autophagic flux.
Soft-Matter Printed Circuit Board with UV Laser Micropatterning

When encapsulated in elastomer, micropatterned traces of Ga-based liquid metal (LM) can function as elastically deformable circuit wiring that provides mechanically robust electrical connectivity between solid-state elements (e.g., transistors, processors, and sensor nodes). However, LM-microelectronics integration is currently limited by challenges in rapid fabrication of LM circuits and the creation of vias between circuit terminals and the I/O pins of packaged electronics. In this study, we address both with a unique layup for soft-matter electronics in which traces of liquid-phase Ga–In eutectic (EGaIn) are patterned with UV laser micromachining (UVLM). The terminals of the elastomer-sealed LM circuit connect to the surface mounted chips through vertically aligned columns of EGaIn-coated Ag–Fe2O3 microparticles that are embedded within an interfacial elastomer layer. The processing technique is compatible with conventional UVLM printed circuit board (PCB) prototyping and exploits the photophysical abl...
Challenges in Transitioning from Civil to Military Culture: Hyper-Selective Disclosure through ICTs

A critical element for a successful transition is the ability to disclose, or make known, one's struggles. We explore the transition disclosure practices of Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) students who are transitioning from an individualistic culture to one that is highly collective. As ROTC students routinely evaluate their peers through a ranking system, the act of disclosure may impact a student's ability to secure limited opportunities within the military upon graduation. Through a qualitative interview study of active ROTC students (N=14) examining how they use information communication technologies (ICTs) to disclose their struggles in a hyper-competitive environment, we find they engage in a process of highly selective disclosure, choosing different groups with which to disclose based on the types of issues they face. We share implications for designing ICTs that better facilitate how ROTC students cope with personal challenges during their formative transition into the military.
Almost Lorenz dominance

This paper extends Leshno and Levy’s (Manag Sci 48:1074–1085, 2002) approach of “almost stochastic dominance” to inequality orderings. We define and characterize the notion of “almost Lorenz dominance” (ALD) and illustrate it with the US income data. An income distribution is said to “almost” Lorenz dominate another distribution when its Lorenz curve lies almost everywhere but not entirely above the other Lorenz curve. We show that this condition is equivalent to requiring that “almost” all Gini-type inequality measures rank the former distribution to have less inequality than the latter distribution; the condition on the Gini-type inequality measures has a clear interpretation and is easy to apply. We further define an almost composite transfer (ACT) and show that ALD amounts to a sequential application of such transfers. The empirical illustration with the US income data (1967–1986) demonstrates the utility of this generalized notion of inequality ordering.
Solvent-free Reactions

For reasons of economy and pollution, solvent-free methods are of great interest in order to modernize classical procedures making them more clean, safe and easy to perform. Reactions on solid mineral supports, reactions without any solvent/support or catalyst, and solid-liquid phase transfer catalysis can be thus employed with noticeable increases in reactivity and selectivity. A comprehensive review of these techniques is presented here. These methodologies can moreover be improved to take advantage of microwave activation as a beneficial alternative to conventional heating under safe and efficient conditions with large enhancements in yields and savings in time.
OPTIMA: a phase II dose and volume de-escalation trial for human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer

Abstract Background Patients with HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were assigned to dose and volume de-escalated radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) based on response to induction chemotherapy in an effort to limit treatment-related toxicity while preserving efficacy. Patients and methods Patients were classified as low-risk (≤T3, ≤N2B, ≤10 pack-year history) or high-risk (T4 or ≥N2C or >10 PYH). After three cycles of carboplatin/nab-paclitaxel, response was assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1. Low-risk patients with ≥50% response received 50 Gray (Gy) RT (RT50) while low-risk patients with 30%–50% response or high-risk patients with ≥50% response received 45 Gy CRT (CRT45). Patients with lesser response received standard-of-care 75 Gy CRT (CRT75). RT/CRT was limited to the first echelon of uninvolved nodes. The primary end point was 2-year progression-free survival compared with a historic control of 85%. Secondary end points included overall survival and toxicity. Results Sixty-two patients (28 low risk/34 high risk) were enrolled. Of low-risk patients, 71% received RT50 while 21% received CRT45. Of high-risk patients, 71% received CRT45. With a median follow-up of 29 months, 2-year PFS and OS were 95% and 100% for low-risk patients and 94% and 97% for high-risk patients, respectively. The overall 2-year PFS was 94.5% and within the 11% noninferiority margin for the historic control. Grade 3+ mucositis occurred in 30%, 63%, and 91% of the RT50, CRT45, and CRT75 groups, respectively (P = 0.004). Rates of any PEG-tube use were 0%, 31%, and 82% for RT50, CRT45, and CRT75 groups, respectively (P Conclusions Induction chemotherapy with response and risk-stratified dose and volume de-escalated RT/CRT for HPV+ OPSCC is associated with favorable oncologic outcomes and reduced acute and chronic toxicity. Further evaluation of induction-based de-escalation in large multicenter studies is justified. Clinical trial registration Clinical trials.gov identifier: NCT02258659.
Social Cognitive Theories and Electronic Health Design: Scoping Review

Background: There are several social cognitive theories (SCTs) and models that support platform design in electronic health (eHealth) promotion trials. The rationale for this scoping review was to determine how social design features (informational aid, expressive support, gaming, and tailored content) are used to promote self-efficacy, engagement, knowledge, and behavior change. Objective: This study aimed to review a broad spectrum of digital health interventions in the literature seeking trials that use SCTs for the design of eHealth applications. Methods: The author conducted a systematic scoping review of 161 Web-based health interventions from published randomized clinical trials using 1 or more tools to address the social cognitive determinants in their website design from January 2006 to April 2016. An iterative approach was used in the selection of studies and data extraction. The studies were analyzed for quality and coded for type of social design features employed. Results: Expressive interaction tools were found in 48.6% (54/111) of studies categorized as a strong recommendation by the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria. Overall, less than half of the studies addressed participant social support and motivational needs (43.8%). The vast majority of studies (100%) relied on the use of the Web for delivery of informational aid and tailored content for the individual participant (75.9%). Conclusions: This review fills a research gap by linking social theory to Web strategy to improve the impact and sustainability of eHealth interventions. A Digital Health Intervention Model was developed to provide a framework to enhance future Web-based health intervention design and execution.
Teams in Management Education.

The most recent recipient of the JME Lasting Impact Award, “Lessons from the Best and Worst Student Team Experiences: How a Teacher can make the Difference,” by Bacon, Stewart, and Silver (1999) is...
How Fair Value Information Changes Portfolio Rebalancing Behavior in the Property and Casualty Insurance Industry

When making investment decisions, Property & Casualty insurers (P&Cs) carefully consider the impact of the mix of taxable and tax-exempt securities on their overall tax liability. However, changes in accounting regulations may have led managers of P&Cs to make decisions based on the accounting effects rather than the economic effects. We examine a relationship among operating and investment income and portfolio rebalancing surrounding the adoption of (SSAP) No. 100 - Fair Value Measurements. Our main results indicate that the association between operating and investment losses and rebalancing investment portfolios towards taxable investments was strengthened in the (SSAP) No. 100 period.
Housing Insecurity and Risk of Adverse Kidney Outcomes

Background Housing insecurity is characterized by high housing costs or unsafe living conditions that prevent self-care and threaten independence. We examined the relationship of housing insecurity and risk of kidney disease. Methods We used longitudinal data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study (Baltimore, MD). We used multivariable regression to quantify associations between housing insecurity and rapid kidney function decline (loss of >5 ml/min per 1.73 m2 of eGFR per year) and, among those without kidney disease at baseline, incident reduced kidney function (eGFR Results Among 1262 participants, mean age was 52 years, 40% were male and 57% were black. A total of 405 (32%) reported housing insecurity. After a median of 3.5 years of follow-up, rapid kidney function decline, incident reduced kidney function, and incident albuminuria occurred in 199 (16%), 64 (5%), and 74 (7%) participants, respectively. Housing insecurity was associated with increased odds of incident albuminuria (unadjusted OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.29 to 3.29; adjusted OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.90 to 5.50) but not rapid kidney function decline or incident reduced kidney function. Conclusions In this urban population, housing insecurity was associated with increased risk of subsequent albuminuria. Increased recognition of housing insecurity as a social determinant of kidney disease is needed, and risk-reduction efforts that specifically target populations experiencing housing insecurity should be considered.
Rationing as a Determinant of Immigrant Composition and Outcomes

Willingness to migrate is a necessary but not sufficient condition for migration from an origin to destination country. For the United States and other countries with an excess supply of immigrants, the slot-rationing rule is a key determinant of immigrant composition not captured by supply-based models. A stylized rationing-based model better explains the attainment of immigrants in both the United States and Sweden with the model's two variables explaining over 50 percent of the variation in origin country education attainment and earnings.
Skills over pills? A clinical gastroenterologist's primer in cognitive behavioral therapy for irritable bowel syndrome.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common, painful, and often disabling GI disorder for which there is no satisfactory medical or dietary treatment. The past 10 years have seen the development and valid...
Effects of Stereochemistry and Hydrogen Bonding on Glycopolymer – Amyloid-β Interactions

Saccharide stereochemistry plays an important role in carbohydrate functions such as biological recognition processes and protein binding. Synthetic glycopolymers with pendant saccharides of controlled stereochemistry provide an attractive approach for the design of polysaccharide-inspired biomaterials. Acrylamide-based polymers containing either β,d-glucose or β,d-galactose pendant groups, designed to mimic GM1 ganglioside saccharides, and their small-molecule analogues were used to evaluate the effect of stereochemistry on glycopolymer solution aggregation processes alone and in the presence of Aβ42 peptide using dynamic light scattering, gel permeation chromatography-multiangle laser light scattering, and fluorescence assays. Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were employed to determine hydrogen bonding patterns of the systems. The galactose-containing polymer displayed significant intramolecular hydrogen bonding and self-aggregation and minimal association with Aβ42, while the glucose-containing glycopolymers showed intermolecular interactions with the surrounding environment and association with Aβ42. Saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy demonstrated different binding affinities for the two glycopolymers to Aβ42 peptide.
Some remarks on D-branes in AdS 3

We investigate the relation between the algebraic construction of boundary states in AdS3 and the target space analysis of D-branes and show the consistency of the two descriptions. We compute, in the semiclassical regime, the overlap of a localized closed string state with boundary states and identify the latter with D-branes wrapping conjugacy classes in AdS3. The string partition function on the disk is shown to reproduce the spacetime DBI action. Other consistency checks are performed. We also comment on the role of the spectral flow symmetry of the underlying SL(2,)/U(1) coset model in constructing D-branes that correspond to degenerate representations of SL(2,).
Transformative Pedagogy and Student Voice: Using S.E.A. Principles in Teaching Academic Writing.

This paper describes the principles of transformative pedagogy that lead to the development of distinct student voices in academic writing classes. Whether the course is taught at the undergraduate level through research, expository, and argumentative writing assignments or at the graduate level through literature review essays, research articles, and dissertation writing tasks, students need to be able to develop their voices and make their contributions to knowledge. Correspondingly, professional writing teachers need to teach students how to write voiced project documents such that it has the student’s unique signature even when situated within a paradigmatic boundary. The article expands on how facilitators of academic writing courses can incorporate S.E.A. principles of scaffolding, empowerment, and awareness as triple enablers into their teaching methodologies in order to develop student voices and usher in transformation successfully. As one of the few articles to examine how graduate and undergraduate academic writing instruction, including W.A.C. (Writing Across the Curriculum) and W.I.D. (Writing in the Discipline) teaching, can be recast to develop student voices, the paper can be helpful to readers looking for resources and recommendations to incorporate transformative pedagogy into their teaching.
¿Al filo de la ficción o de la realidad? Evocación de un acto sicarial en un relato de la literatura colombiana contemporánea

Una tematica creciente en la literatura colombiana de las ultimas decadas ha sido aquella que tiene que ver directamente con la realidad violenta y convulsionada del pais. Han sido muchos los autores que desde diferentes perspectivas han tratado de abordar esta problematica a traves de la ficcion. Este estudio analiza la representacion literaria de un tipo de hecho violento, que es habitual dentro de la violencia cronica que se vive en Colombia: el acto sicarial. El relato “El jugador de billar” de Jeronimo Garcia Riano es una apuesta a retratar no al sicario como personaje individual que tantas veces se ha ficcionalizado y estudiado, sino a la reconstruccion de su accionar y la escenografia del hecho delictivo. Aqui, la narrativa de Garcia Riano juega a ser un testimonio que detalla particularidades inmediatas de un antes, un durante y un despues de un homicidio. During recent decades a growing theme in Colombian literature has been its violent and convoluted reality, the causes and their consequences. Many authors have tried to approach this problem from different perspectives. This study analyzes the literary representation of a type of violence common in the chronic criminal activity in Colombia: contract killing. The story “El jugador de billar” (“The Billiard Player”) by Jeronimo Garcia Riano is an effort to portray the hitman not only as a stereotypical character that has been fictionalized and studied so many times but rather to reconstruct his actions and the locale of the criminal act. Here, Garcia Riano's narrative is a testimony to the particular characteristics of the specific situation, the act itself, and the aftermath of a killing.
A Quasi-Physiological Microfluidic Blood-Brain Barrier Model for Brain Permeability Studies

Microfluidics-based organ-on-a-chip technology allows for developing a new class of in-vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models that recapitulate many hemodynamic and architectural features of the brain microvasculature not attainable with conventional two-dimensional platforms. Herein, we describe and validate a novel microfluidic BBB model that closely mimics the one in situ. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were juxtaposed with primary human pericytes and astrocytes in a co-culture to enable BBB-specific characteristics, such as low paracellular permeability, efflux activity, and osmotic responses. The permeability coefficients of [13C12] sucrose and [13C6] mannitol were assessed using a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS procedure. The resulting BBB displayed continuous tight-junction patterns, low permeability to mannitol and sucrose, and quasi-physiological responses to hyperosmolar opening and p-glycoprotein inhibitor treatment, as demonstrated by decreased BBB integrity and increased permeability of rhodamine 123, respectively. Astrocytes and pericytes on the abluminal side of the vascular channel provided the environmental cues necessary to form a tight barrier and extend the model's long-term viability for time-course studies. In conclusion, our novel multi-culture microfluidic platform showcased the ability to replicate a quasi-physiological brain microvascular, thus enabling the development of a highly predictive and translationally relevant BBB model.
The safety of performing breast reconstruction during the COVID-19 pandemic.

PURPOSE: Elective operations including surgeries for breast cancer were significantly reduced during the height of the surge of COVID-19 cases in Massachusetts. The safety of performing breast reconstruction during the pandemic was unknown. This study aims to review the safety of performing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction during the first COVID-19 surge in Massachusetts. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction by Massachusetts General Hospital breast and plastic surgeons immediately preceding and during the COVID-19 pandemic was performed. RESULTS: Thirty patients (34 breasts) underwent mastectomies with immediate breast reconstruction during the COVID-19 restriction period in Massachusetts. Most reconstructions were unilateral. All reconstructions were performed with implants or expanders, and no autologous reconstructions were performed. Two patients (2 breasts) had operative complications. The complication rate during the pandemic was similar to the complication rate pre-pandemic. No patients or surgeons experienced symptoms or positive COVID-19 tests. Over 90% of patients were discharged the same day. CONCLUSION: Prosthetic breast reconstruction was able to be performed safely during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic surge in Massachusetts. Strict screening protocols, proper use of personal protective equipment, and same-day discharge when possible are essential for patient and surgeon safety during the pandemic.
Effects of digital fringe projection operational parameters on detecting powder bed defects in additive manufacturing

Abstract Additive manufacturing is a technology transforming traditional production timelines. Specifically, metal additive manufacturing (MAM) has been increasingly adopted by a variety of industries, not only to prototype, but also to fulfill full production scale applications with much lower lead times. Like any maturing manufacturing technology, developments in verifying and validating processes are necessary to support continuous growth. Due to the complex nature of MAM, part quality and repeatability remain integral challenges that inhibit further adoption of MAM for critical component production. In this study, we present data taken from a developing in-process monitoring system designed to measure and detect powder bed defects (PBDs) in powder bed fusion MAM systems using surface height maps created with structured light illumination. We showcase the feasibility of the monitoring technique for in-process implementation by detecting streak PBDs with varying severities (height, width) created in a lab environment. We present results of powder bed measurements for varying experimental parameters of the structured light system such as illumination angle, illumination pattern, and number of illuminations. We also present an expression used to determine experimental height noise based on input parameters for PBD detection based on the instrument transfer function of the structured light monitoring system for arbitrary pixel intensity noise contributions. With the results of PBD detection across across multiple experimental measurement parameters, we provide a best practices approach to in-process implementation of the monitoring system in powder bed fusion manufacturing.
Allergic encephalomyelitis. An encephalitogenic peptide derived from the basic protein of myelin.

Abstract A peptide (Peptide R) of 46 residues was isolated in unusually high yield (40 to 85%) from a peptic digest of the A1 protein, a basic protein from bovine myelin of the central nervous system. This peptide (4990 daltons) induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rabbits but was inactive in guinea pigs and monkeys at the doses tested. In contrast, the absence of antigenic determinants to anti-A1 protein antibody in Peptide R was demonstrated by the passive hemagglutination inhibition test. It was concluded, therefore, that the encephalitogenic determinants of Peptide R plays an insignificant role in interaction with antibody. Peptide R lacks tryptophan and thereby differs from the 9-residue segment of the A1 protein which was previously shown to induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs (and rabbits). Peptides derived from the COOH-terminal portion of Peptide R were also inactive as encephalitogens in guinea pigs. Peptide R is released from the A1 protein with pepsin by hydrolysis of Phe-Phe linkages; phenylalanine thus occupies the COOH- and NH2-terminal positions. The amino acid sequence of Peptide R was determined with the Edman procedure on the six tryptic peptides: [see PDF for sequence].
Social Intellisense: A Task-Embedded Interface to Folksonomies

We present an application for accessing and creating socially constructed sets of information. Users store and retrieve information, such as bits of text, through the use of “keys” consisting of node names strung together using periods (e.g., “conferences.icwsm.dates”) that point to user-added content (“May 23-26, 2010”). Furthermore, nodes can point to services on the web (e.g., “facebook.me.status” retrieves the user’s current Facebook status). In short, Social Intellisense is a user interface mechanism for folksonomies that allows users to collaboratively “remap” web and user-added content via strings of their own creation. A study with our Social Intellisense-enabled email client showed that the paradigm is comparable or preferable to traditional web browser methods for retrieving certain information online. Issues and potential solutions to mismatches between a user’s task at hand and collaboratively organized information are discussed.
Distribution and Lateral Variability of Heavy Minerals in the Annot Sandstones

Publisher Summary Petrographic studies of the Nummulitic Annot Sandstones in the French and Italian Maritime Alps have revealed that both the mineralogical and the textural composition of these rocks vary extensively laterally. The Annot Sandstones have been subdivided into three distinct but intergradational lithofacies on the basis of detailed studies in the field and laboratory. These consist of flysch facies in the Northern Zone, a non-flysch facies in the Southern Zone, and a transitional facies in the Intermediate Zone between the Northern and Southern Zones. The heavy minerals of the marine Annot Sandstones in the Maritime Alps may be grouped into four major mineral associations, each association occupying a distinct geographic position. This distribution of heavy minerals supports the hypothesis that sediments were brought into the Nummulitic paleobasin from the south, east, and west.
Efectos liberadores conductuales de las drogas: procedimientos de anti-castigo y anti-conflicto)

Anxiolytic drugs are said to reduce internal states (e.g., anxiety) that are induced by the presentation of aversive events, leading to a release of behavior that has been suppressed. The objective of the present paper is to discuss two categories of procedures that are often used interchangeably-- anti-punishment (procedures that release punished behavior) and anti-confl ict (procedures that reduce avoidance behavior). Similarities and differences between the two categories of procedures are reviewed, emphasizing distinctions between theoretical, methodological, and pharmacological specifi cs. The anxiety-as-explanation issue is discussed also, in terms of possibly obscuring the behavioral and pharmacological mechanisms that are involved with drugs that “release” behavior.
Polarimetric terahertz probe for endoscopic assessment of malignancies

We propose a compact endoscopic probe for tissue margin detection through reflection measurements in the terahertz band (0.1 – 3 THz). Compared to scalar reflectivity measurements, a fully polarimetric characterization of tissue and malignancy margins provides order-of-magnitude better differentiation, facilitating medical diagnosis of internal organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract. The compact dimensions of the probe (< 5 mm diameter) allow the sensor to be used in conjunction with optical endoscope, leading to a compact diagnostic tool. Additionally, this compact sensor could expand its applications in the industry for non-destructive probing inside small structures.
Tandem insertion sequence-like elements define the expression site for variable antigen genes of Borrelia hermsii.

The spirochete Borrelia hermsii avoids the immune response of its mammalian host through multiphasic antigenic variation. Serotype specificity is determined by variable antigens, Vmp proteins, in the outer membrane. Through nonreciprocal recombination between linear plasmids, a formerly silent vmp gene replaces another vmp gene downstream from a common expression site. To further characterize this activating site, we determined the nucleotide sequence of 6.9 kb of the common upstream expression region of strain HS1 of B. hermsii. Preceding the vmp gene promoter and a poly(dT.dA) run were three imperfectly repeated segments of 2 kb. Each of the 2-kb segments contained 1-kb elements with inverted repeats of approximately 0.2 kb each at their termini. The potential of the 1-kb elements to form stem-and-loop structures was demonstrated by heteroduplex analysis. There was no evidence of the presence of the elements elsewhere in the genome of B. hermsii. One or more of these elements may confer the unidirectionality that characterizes vmp gene switches.
Comparison of epidemiological markers used in the investigation of an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.

An outbreak of nosocomial infections was caused by a single strain of methicillin-resistant (MR) Staphylococcus aureus. This strain was followed as it was transmitted from the index case to 17 patients, 3 hospital personnel, and 12 items in the hospital environment. The MR S. aureus strain was traced by using four specific epidemiological markers: antibiogram, phage type, production of aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes, and plasmid pattern. These markers were assessed for their reliability in differentiating the epidemic S. aureus strain from resident nonepidemic strains and for the ease and rapidity with which they determined differences. The epidemic strain was resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, gentamicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and rifampin. Resistance to rifampin was the only unique marker in the antibiogram which distinguished the epidemic strain from the indigenous strains, and it was the easiest marker to use for screening isolates from culture surveys. Phage typing was poorly reproducible and did not yield results rapidly enough to be useful for ongoing epidemiology. The epidemic strain produced a unique aminoglycoside-inactivating enzyme (39-phosphotransferase) which distinguished it from indigenous gentamicin-resistant staphylococci, but this marker was not easily identified, nor was identification helpful during the course of the investigation. Plasmid pattern analysis was rapidly performed (in less than 24 h), allowed many isolates to be examined at a time, was stable and reproducible, and yielded a unique fingerprint which distinguished the epidemic strain from all indigenous isolates. Plasmid pattern analysis is a promising epidemiological tool for MR S. aureus outbreaks in which epidemic strains lack unique antibiotic resistance markers. Images
Validated age, growth and maturity of the bonnethead Sphyrna tiburo in the western North Atlantic Ocean.

The age, growth and maturity of bonnetheads Sphyrna tiburo inhabiting the estuarine and coastal waters of the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNA) from Onslow Bay, North Carolina, south to West Palm Beach, Florida, were examined. Vertebrae were collected and aged from 329 females and 217 males ranging in size from 262 to 1043 mm and 245 to 825 mm fork length, LF , respectively. Sex-specific von Bertalanffy growth curves were fitted to length-at-age data. Female von Bertalanffy parameters were L∞ = 1036 mm LF , k = 0·18, t0 = -1·64 and L0 = 272 mm LF . Males reached a smaller theoretical asymptotic length and had a higher growth coefficient (L∞ = 782 mm LF , k = 0·29, t0 = -1·43 and L0 = 266 mm LF ). Maximum observed age was 17·9 years for females and 16·0 years for males. Annual deposition of growth increments was verified by marginal increment analysis and validated for age classes 2·5+ to 10·5+ years through recapture of 13 oxytetracycline-injected specimens at liberty in the wild for 1-4 years. Length (LF50 ) and age (A50 ) at 50% maturity were 819 mm and 6·7 years for females, and 618 mm and 3·9 years for males. Both female and male S. tiburo in the WNA had a significantly higher maximum observed age, LF50 , A50 and L∞ , and a significantly lower k and estimated L0 than evident in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). These significant differences in life-history parameters, as well as evidence from tagging and genetic studies, suggest that S. tiburo in the WNA and GOM should be considered separate stocks.
Channel Imbalance Effects and Compensation for Doppler Radar Physiological Measurements

Effects of quadrature channel imbalance on Doppler radar physiological measurements, and new compensation methods, are investigated in this paper. Parametric simulations and experiments were performed to investigate the effects of amplitude imbalance, phase imbalance, and initial phase on Doppler radar obtained pattern, displacement, and rate estimation. It is demonstrated that channel imbalance can introduce significant displacement error, and that error is sensitive to initial phase. Furthermore, it is shown that in-phase and quadrature mismatch can introduce error in heart rate estimation. Two methods to achieve accurate displacement estimation were proposed and demonstrated. Using several initial angle measurement points within quarter wavelength, displacement estimation with errors less than 1% was achieved without any imbalance correction. Alternatively, by combining data points at varying initial angle locations, imbalance factors are estimated with high accuracy. This technique provides another viable method of imbalance compensation without the need for hardware modification, or a target moving with a large displacement.
Central nervous regulation of body temperature in vertebrates: comparative aspects.

Thermal fluctuations affect, and are responded to by, nearly all forms of life. The basic vertebrate template has guided and shaped the ways that animals in this subphylum cope with thermal challenges. This has led to a situation where there are major similarities in the neuronal mechanisms which sense temperature and control the responses to temperature change in all vertebrates, from fish to mammals. The PO/AH is the most important single integration site for temperature regulation and (except for birds) is also important in the sensing of core temperature. Other portions of the brainstem as well as the spinal cord are also involved in thermal control and can sense, integrate, and produce appropriate efferent signals to varying degrees. Peripheral thermal input to the hypothalamic areas is via the brainstem reticular areas. A number of studies has related the thermal response characteristics of CNS single neurons to the thermoregulatory output of intact animals. These studies have been performed on neurons in whole animal, brain slice, and tissue culture preparation. These neurophysiological studies of central neurons are informative, but are sometimes difficult to interpret because of the chronic lack of definite criteria to differentiate generalized thermal sensitivity from thermal sensitivity utilized for regulating body temperature. Recent neuroanatomical work has illustrated that many areas previously implicated in the thermoregulatory network (such as the septum, various hypothalamic nuclei, the midbrain reticular formation, and the midbrain raphe nuclei) receive direct projections from PO/AH neurons. When compared, the neurophysiological and neuroanatomical characteristics of the preoptic nucleus and anterior hypothalamic area are similar, but not identical. The broad differences in the responses that vertebrates utilize to deal with thermal change is largely determined by the respiratory medium (water or air) and whether metabolic energy (endothermy) or ambient temperature (ectothermy) is of primary importance in the determination of internal temperature. A number of physiological systems are perturbed in water breathing ectotherms when the ambient temperature is altered. In these vertebrates long-term acclimation is very important and has a major effect on temperature selection. Air breathing ectotherms are less adversely affected by temperature change; long-term thermal acclimation is less important and has little effect upon temperature selection; large thermal changes are often initiated by these animals. Endotherms rely on insulation and a high, variable metabolic rate to maintain a constant internal temperature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof遮蔽クーロンハイブリッド汎関数を用いた周期境界条件(PBC)計算：アナターゼ型およびルチル型TiO2の電子構造

Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof遮蔽クーロンハイブリッド汎関数(HSE03)を用いた周期境界条件(PBC)計算により、アナターゼ型およびルチル型二酸化チタンTiO2の電子構造を検討した。比較のため、局所密度近似(LDA)、一般化密度勾配近似(GGA)、そして従来のハイブリッド汎関数を用いた検討も行った。PBC計算では、Hartree-Fock (HF)交換項の計算がボトルネックとなるが、従来のハイブリッド汎関数に比べHSE03は近距離での打ち切りが可能であることが確かめられた。凝集エネルギーは、LDA以外の汎関数でまずまず実験値を再現することが示された。バンドギャップに関しては、よく知られているように、LDAやGGAでは40 %程度過小評価した。この過小評価は、ハイブリッド汎関数を用いることでかなり改善された。特に、HSE03では絶対誤差が0.3 eV以下となった。HSE03による構造パラメータは、LDAとGGAのほぼ中間的な値となり、実験値に最も近いことが示された。体積膨張率に関して、HSE03の結果はGGAよりも大きく、LDAと近い値を与えることがわかった。本研究により、HSE03はPBC計算のコストを抑えると同時に、通常のハイブリッド汎関数と同等あるいはそれ以上の計算精度を与えることが確かめられた。
Ideological Congruence and Electoral Institutions

Although the literature examining the relationship between ideological congruence and electoral rules is quite large, relatively little attention has been paid to how congruence should be conceptualized. As we demonstrate, empirical results regarding ideological congruence can depend on exactly how scholars conceptualize and measure it. In addition to clarifying various aspects of how scholars currently conceptualize congruence, we introduce a new conceptualization and measure of congruence that captures a long tradition in democratic theory emphasizing the ideal of having a legislature that accurately reflects the preferences of the citizenry as a whole. Our new measure is the direct counterpart for congruence of the vote-seat disproportionality measures so heavily used in comparative studies of representation. Using particularly appropriate data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, we find that governments in proportional democracies are not substantively more congruent than those in majoritarian democracies. Proportional democracies are, however, characterized by more representative legislatures.
On the electromagnetic response of a resistive cylinder buried in a conductive host

ABSTRACTThe frequency-domain electromagnetic response of a confined conductor buried in a resistive host has received much attention, particularly in the context of mineral exploration. In contrast, the problem of the electromagnetic response of a confined resistor buried in a conductive host has been less thoroughly studied. However, resistive targets are important in geotechnical and hydrologic studies, archaeological prospecting, and, more recently, offshore hydrocarbon exploration. I analytically address the problem of the electromagnetic response of a completely resistive cylindrical cavity buried in a conductive host in the presence of a simplified 2D electric dipole source. In contrast to the confined conductor, which channels and induces current systems, the confined resistor deflects current and produces additional eddy current systems in the conductive host. I apply this theory to model the response of a grounded electric dipole-dipole system operating over a range of frequencies from 0 Hz to 10...
A decimal multiplication algorithm for microcomputers

Abstract A decimal multiplication algorithm is developed and its implementation for microcomputers is illustrated. The algorithm can provide an average multiplication speedup equal to 1.34 compared to the traditional algorithm that is based on repeated additions if both are implemented in pure hardware. The average speedup of the developed algorithm is 1.20 if implemented on an 8-bit microcomputer system. The algorithm is significant especially for simple real-time applications that require cost-effective designs.