cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alternative metrics for spatially and temporally resolved ambient particle monitoring

Abstract Particle active surface area is regarded as an important alternative metric to correlate particle emissions to adverse health effects. We explore the use of a particle counter and a diffusion charger as a relatively simple means to measure spatiotemporally resolved particle concentrations over a wide region using a mobile platform. Although the scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) measurements provide particle size distributions (PSDs) that can be converted into many important metrics, this method is impractical to implement for a routine monitoring over a wide region. In this study, an alternative method and new metrics are introduced using the condensation particle counter (CPC) and electrical aerosol detector (EAD). While the CPC and EAD measure particle number (PN) and particle active surface area (PS) concentrations respectively, the ratio of PS/PN provides an additional information of particle size which is important for particle transport. PSDs measured by SMPS during ambient monitoring were used to verify the concept. The study found that alternative metrics (PN, PS, and PS/PN) can be used to monitor spatiotemporally resolved particle concentrations over a wide region.
Data driven modeling and simulation for energy storage systems

A widely used choice for delivering and storing energy on demand in many modern electrical systems is that of rechargeable batteries. When assembled in packs, application of such batteries takes the form of energy storage systems in a variety of configurations, such as a microgrid, which play a key-enabling role in future energy solutions by integrating distributed renewable energy sources and storage systems. In the interest of using batteries more effectively, their behavior under various operating conditions must be understood. This paper describes a framework for estimating the terminal voltage of a lead-acid battery at different working temperatures using feed forward and recurrent neural network techniques for use in large-scale microgrid applications. The methodology is developed for Li-ion batteries and then extended to lead-acid batteries, where simulation results are compared against extensive laboratory tests performed at varied conditions found in photovoltaic and electric vehicle charging applications. Utilization of the resulting energy storage system model is illustrated in a large-scale simulation for a microgrid application.
Hybrid Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes/Large-Eddy Simulation Closure for Separated Transitional Flows

The numerical prediction of transition from laminar to turbulent flow has proven to be an arduous challenge for computational fluid dynamics, with few approaches providing routine accurate results ...
Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Survival and Fecundity after Short- and Long-Term Rearing on Artificial Diets

Survival, fecundity, and development time of Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), reared for a single generation or multiple generations (7 to 9) on one of three artificial die...
Optomechanical spring effect readout in resonant micro-optical Sagnac gyroscopes design and scaling analysis

We propose and theoretically analyze a new cavity optomechanical oscillator gyroscope. Mechanical frequency acts as a sensitive readout of rotation through the optomechanical spring and Sagnac effects. Remarkably, reducing device size improves scale factor.
The Utility of Pulmonary Function Testing in Patients Presenting With Dysphonia

Summary Objective We aimed to evaluate the utility of pulmonary function testing (PFT), particularly forced expiratory flow (FEF) 25–75%, in patients presenting with dysphonia. Study Design A retrospective chart review was carried out. Methods Records of 199 patients who presented with dysphonia were reviewed to determine whether in-office PFTs, which we perform routinely, lead to new pulmonary diagnoses or the need for additional pulmonary medications, after assessment by a pulmonologist. Of particular interest was evaluating if FEF25–75% of predicted values less than 80% can be used as a marker for occult pulmonary disease in patients presenting with dysphonia. Results Of the 199 patient charts reviewed, 129 were female and 70 were male. The age of patients ranged from 18 to 88 years, with a mean of 46.8 years. The body mass index ranged from 17.5 to 53.4 kg/m2. One hundred five (52.8%) patients had FEF25–75% values less than 80% of predicted (poor midflow values). Of these patients, 76 (72.4%) were referred to a pulmonologist, 22 of 76 (28.9%) completed the referral, and 17 of 22 (77.3%) received a new pulmonary diagnosis or change in medications. Of the 155 patients without a history of pulmonary disease, 76 had poor midflow values, 57 (75%) of these patients were referred, and 12 of 57 (21%) completed the referral. Eight (67%) of these 12 patients were diagnosed with a previously unrecognized pulmonary disorder. Of the 44 patients with a prior history of pulmonary disease, 29 (65.9%) had poor midflow values. Nineteen (65.5%) of these patients were referred, and 9 (47%) received a new pulmonary diagnosis or a change in their medications. There were 51 classically trained singers and 148 nonclassically trained singers or nonsingers. There was no significant difference in average midflow values between the two groups (80.96 ± 24.7 and 80.73 ± 28.4, respectively) or in the percentage of classically trained singers with poor midflow values compared with nonsingers (53.5% vs. 49%, respectively). Conclusion This study suggests that patients with dysphonia may have unrecognized underlying pulmonary disease, and PFT should be considered as part of the routine initial voice evaluation for patients presenting with dysphonia.
Improved grading of IDH-mutated astrocytic gliomas.

The WHO’s revised classification system for CNS tumours now incorporates genetic features, including the mutation status of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes. A new article proposes that mutational status of CDKN2A and CDKN2B should also be included to facilitate grading of IDH-mutated gliomas with both prognostic and clinical relevance.
The Varieties of Disinformation

Intentionally misleading information (aka Disinformation) is ubiquitous and can be extremely dangerous. Emotional, financial, and even physical harm can easily result if people are misled by deceptive advertising, government propaganda, doctored photographs, forged documents, fake maps, internet frauds, fake websites, and manipulated Wikipedia entries. In order to deal with this serious threat to Information Quality, we need to improve our understanding of the nature and scope of disinformation. One way that work in philosophy can help with this task is by identifying and classifying the various types of disinformation, such as lies, spin, and even bullshit. If we are aware of the various ways that people might try to mislead us, we will be in a better position to avoid being duped by intentionally misleading information. Toward this end, this essay surveys and extends classification schemes that have been proposed by several noted philosophers—including Saint Augustine, Roderick Chisholm, and Paul Grice.
Investigation of Bacterial Load in Multi-Species Laboratory Workspaces

Multi-purpose/multi-species laboratories in veterinary clinics may have an increased risk for bacterial contamination due to the possibility for high traffic and diverse exposures from different farms and species. The goal of this trial was to investigate the level of possible contamination in the shared areas and to evaluate the efficacy of the current SOPs (standard operating procedures) in minimizing microbial contamination of laboratory areas. Specific objectives were to: (1) identify which areas of the laboratory and shared resources have the highest level of contamination and (2) determine whether the current cleaning and decontamination methods are effective and in use. Two trials, totaling 115 samples, were conducted over a two week period using Replicate Organism Detection and Counting (RODAC) surface contact agar plates. The first trial consisted of randomized sampling within the field laboratory, field equipment shared between species and veterinary service vehicles. The second trial further sampled identified problem areas before and/or after cleaning/disinfection procedures. The experimenter was blinded to the status of the surfaces tested. Commercially available disinfectants typically found in homes, farms, and/or clinic laboratories were used at recommended rates and contact times during testing. Samples collected were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C with 5% CO2. Following identification processes, the most common species of bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus sp. These were most frequently isolated in the service vehicles. Hard surfaces in the vehicle were able to be cleaned and disinfected sufficiently, but the carpeted areas retained contamination even after cleaning. The findings of this project suggest that fomite transfer of bacterial organisms through the use of a multi-purpose service vehicle could potentially spread undesirable pathogens from farm to farm unknowingly. Increased adherence to strict biosecurity standards at the farm level can help to prevent this transfer.
Very large scale OWL reasoning through distributed computation

Due to recent developments in reasoning algorithms of the various OWL profiles, the classification time for an ontology has come down drastically. For all of the popular reasoners, in order to process an ontology, an implicit assumption is that the ontology should fit in primary memory. The memory requirements for a reasoner are already quite high, and considering the ever increasing size of the data to be processed and the goal of making reasoning Web scale, this assumption becomes overly restrictive. In our work, we study several distributed classification approaches for the description logic EL+ (a fragment of OWL 2 EL profile). We present the lessons learned from each approach, our current results, and plans for future work.
Recent Advances in the Treatment of Achalasia

Achalasia is a disorder of the esophagus characterized by aperistalsis and failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax. This article discusses traditional and new therapies directed against the sphincter muscle. Because limitations of these treatments do exist, alternatives to sphincter destruction are presented.
ABSURDIST II: A Graph Matching Algorithm and its Application to Conceptual System Translation.

ABSURDIST II, an extension to ABSURDIST, is an algorithm using attributed graph matching to find translations between conceptual systems. It uses information about the internal structure of systems by itself, or in combination with external information about concept similarities across systems. It supports systems with multiple types of weighted or unweighted, directed or undirected relations between concepts. The algorithm exploits graph sparsity to improve computational efficiency. We present the results of experiments with a number of conceptual systems, including artificially constructed random graphs with introduced distortions.
DOES LOWERING PULMONARY ARTERIAL PRESSURE ELIMINATE SEVERE FUNCTIONAL TRICUSPID REGURGITATION? INSIGHTS FROM PULMONARY THROMBOENDARTERECTOMY

Abstract Objectives Because pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) can result in an immediate reduction in pulmonary artery (PA) pressure, we sought to evaluate the effect of PTE on severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) without tricuspid annuloplasty. Background Few data exist regarding the frequency and magnitude of functional TR improvement after reduction in PA pressure. Methods We identified 27 patients with severe TR, defined by a regurgitant index (RI) >33%, who underwent PTE. The RI, tricuspid annular diameter (TAD), apical displacement of leaflet coaptation, and estimated PA systolic pressure were determined on pre- and post-PTE echocardiograms. Patients were stratified based on resolution (RI ≤33%) or persistence (RI >33%) of severe TR. Results Comparing pre- and post-PTE echocardiography results, severe TR resolved in 19 of 27 (70%) patients. This group had a more effective PA systolic pressure reduction after PTE (49 ± 20 mm Hg vs. 32 ± 16 mm Hg by echocardiography, p = 0.075, and 37 ± 16 mm Hg vs. 16 ± 13 mm Hg by catheter measurement, p = 0.004). No difference was observed in TAD, apical displacement of the tricuspid valve, or other features compared with the group with persistent severe TR. There was a trend toward longer hospital stays in the group with persistent severe TR (19 ± 15 days vs. 14 ± 9 days; p = 0.55). Conclusions After significant PA pressure reduction by PTE, severe functional TR with a dilated annulus may improve without annuloplasty despite dilated tricuspid annulus diameters.
Conditional conservatism in accounting : new measures and test of determinants of the asymmetric timeliness in the recognition of good and bad news in reported earnings

Accounting standards mandate different, more conservative, rules for the recognition of unrealized gains than unrealized losses in reported earnings. Conditional conservatism, defined as asymmetric timeliness in the recognition of unrealized losses vs. gains in reported earnings has, since its origins, been a peculiar characteristic of the accounting system. Understanding conservatism’s role, its determinants, and its variations across firms is important for interpreting the nature, purposes, and valuation implications of accounting. Basu (1995; 1997) proposed a model to detect accounting conditional conservatism and provided empirical evidence that bad news is recognized more quickly than good news in earnings for a sample over the period 1963-1991. Following his seminal work, accounting literature adopted the Basu single-period model to measure conditional conservatism (Ball et al. 2000; Ball et al. 2005; Ball and Shivakumar 2005; Lobo and Zhou 2006). However, Basu’s proxy for measuring the arrival of good/bad news, the price of the firm’s stock, may be influenced, in part, by factors that will never be recorded in a firm’s reported earnings. This introduces inaccuracy in the measure of conditional conservatism. To address the problems, I introduce a new measure of conditional conservatism, which results from a Least Absolute Deviation (LAD) piecewise regression and adopts the number of changes in financial analysts’ EPS forecasts as a proxy for good/bad news. Then, I use this new measure to test the determinants, suggested by previous literature, of conditional conservatism in accounting. Results show that companies with (1) lower debt-to-assets ratio, (2) large proportion of executives’ annual 1 As of December 7, 2006, 102 citations for Basu (1997) are recorded on Thomson ISI’s Social Sciences Citation Index (http://portal.isiknowledge.com) and 291 are on Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com)
Nitrosative stress sensing in Porphyromonas gingivalis: structure of and heme binding by the transcriptional regulator HcpR.

Although the HcpR regulator plays a vital step in initiation of the nitrosative stress response in many Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, the molecular mechanisms that it uses to mediate gas sensing are not well understood. Here, a 2.6 A resolution crystal structure of the N-terminal sensing domain of the anaerobic periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis HcpR is presented. The protein has classical features of the regulators belonging to the FNR-CRP family and contains a hydrophobic pocket in its N-terminal sensing domain. It is shown that heme bound to HcpR exhibits heme iron as a hexacoordinate system in the absence of nitric oxide (NO) and that upon nitrosylation it transitions to a pentacoordinate system. Finally, small-angle X-ray scattering experiments on full-length HcpR reveal that the C-terminal DNA-binding domain of HcpR has a high degree of interdomain flexibility.
Structural and superconducting properties of Nb3Sn films grown by multilayer sequential magnetron sputtering

Abstract Nb3Sn thin films are fabricated by sequential sputtering followed by annealing at 850–1200 °C in vacuum. The effects of the annealing temperature and time on the formation of Nb3Sn were examined. The film crystal structure, morphology, surface topography and composition were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The superconducting properties of the films were characterized by measuring the surface resistivity by the four-point probe method. The highest critical temperature Tc = 17.86 K was observed for the Nb3Sn films annealed at 950 °C for 3 h. When the films were annealed above 1000 °C for 3 h, Sn evaporation resulted in a Nb-rich film, degrading the superconducting performance. Annealing at 1200 °C for 3 h resulted in evaporation of Sn leaving less than 1% Sn on the surface, as detected by energy dispersive spectroscopy, and for that film a Tc of 7.9 K was observed.
Responses of Neurons in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla (RVLM) of Conscious Felines to Anticipated and Passive Movements

ABSTRACT Considerable evidence demonstrates that the vestibular system contributes to regulating sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. Initial studies in decerebrate animals showed that presumed pre-sympathetic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) respond to small-amplitude (
RF Source Seeking Using Frequency Measurements

In this paper, we consider a problem motivated by search-and-rescue applications, where an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) seeks to approach the vicinity of a distant quasi-stationary radio frequency (RF) emitter surrounded by local scatterers. The UAV employs only measurements of the Doppler frequency of the received RF signal, along with its own bearing, to continuously adapt its trajectory. We propose and evaluate a trajectory planning approach that addresses technical difficulties such as the unknown carrier frequency offset between the emitter and the DAV's receiver, the frequency drifts of the local oscillators over time, the direction ambiguity in Doppler, and the noise in the observations. For the initial trajectory, the UAV estimates the direction of the emitter using a circular motion, which resolves direction ambiguity. The trajectory is then continuously adapted using feedback from frequency measurements obtained by perturbing the bearing around the current trajectory. We show that the proposed algorithm converges to the vicinity of the emitter, and illustrate its efficacy using simulations.
Economic Growth and Its Discontents

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the concept of economic growth and the growing sense of discontentment with it. Economic growth has been the prime goal of economic policy for a long time, and it has also been the prime criterion for judging the success of the economic performance of a country. An increase in national product per head is supposed to mean an increase in economic welfare; it does not necessarily mean an increase in people's total welfare. Economists have relied, however, on a practical judgment, namely, that a change in economic welfare implies a change in total welfare in the same direction, if not in the same degree. It has been noted that in developed countries in the west, there's a growing disenchantment with the current notion of economic development. Substantial reasons for this sense of disappointment and disenchantment are the impact of growth on the environment and the ability of developed countries to sustain growing populations in the face of declining sources of primary products and of mounting wastes. In the West, poverty is observed to be as widespread as are the social problems associated with it, crime, drug addiction, and the rest, at least as intense as they are. Also, there is a growing decline in happiness even amongst the populace who are enjoying the luxuries available in the developed countries of the west.
Venous Mechanical Properties After Arteriovenous Fistulae in Mice

Abstract Background An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) exposes the outflow vein to arterial magnitudes and frequencies of blood pressure and flow, triggering molecular pathways that result in venous remodeling and AVF maturation. It is unknown, however, how venous remodeling, that is lumen dilation and wall thickening, affects venous mechanical properties. We hypothesized that a fistula is more compliant compared with a vein because of altered contributions of collagen and elastin to the mechanical properties. Methods Ephb4+/− and littermate wild-type (WT) male mice were treated with sham surgery or needle puncture to create an abdominal aortocaval fistulae. The thoracic inferior vena cava was harvested 3 wk postoperatively for mechanical testing and histological analyses of collagen and elastin. Results Mechanical testing of the thoracic inferior vena cava from Ephb4+/− and WT mice showed increased distensibility and increased compliance of downstream veins after AVF compared with sham. Although Ephb4+/− veins were thicker than WT veins at the baseline, after AVF, both Ephb4+/− and WT veins showed similar wall thickness as well as similar collagen and elastin area fractions, but increased collagen undulation compared with sham. Conclusions Fistula-induced remodeling of the outflow vein results in circumferentially increased distensibility and compliance, likely due to post-translational modifications to collagen.
Digest: An emerging model system for understanding ecomorphological convergence.

Morales et al. test predictions of adaptive radiation theory and phenotypic convergence in Myotis bats using genomic target capture and a morphological dataset that represents 80% of the species described for this genus. The authors demonstrate that ecomorphological convergence has occurred multiple times throughout the history of Myotis, despite finding no diversification rate shifts associated with phenotypic adaptation. These patterns provide evidence that parallel adaptive radiations can be the result of nonadaptive lineage diversification followed by repetitive exploitation of ecomorphological solutions.
Cyclopalladated complexes containing an (sp3)C–Pd bond

Abstract The review describes the preparation and applications of cyclopalladated complexes with an (sp3)C–Pd bond. Examples of known (sp3)C,N, C,P, C,S, C,O, and C,C complexes as well as pincer derivatives are provided. Preparation methods for the synthesis of palladacycles with an (sp3)C–Pd bond include Pd(II)-promoted C–H bond activation, oxidative addition to Pd(0) species, transmetalation, nucleophilic addition, and modifications of preformed palladacycles. Known applications of cyclopalladated complexes with (sp3)C–Pd bond as catalysts in Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions, phosphination of α,β -unsaturated ketones and related compounds, as well as in a few other transformations are summarized. Another important application of cyclopalladated complexes is the modification of cyclopalladated ligands using reactions at the (sp3)C–Pd bond. Examples of acetoxylation, iodination, arylation, and phosphination of cyclopalladated ligands are provided.
Localized Spectral Graph Filter Frames: A Unifying Framework, Survey of Design Considerations, and Numerical Comparison (Extended Cut)

Representing data residing on a graph as a linear combination of building block signals can enable efficient and insightful visual or statistical analysis of the data, and such representations prove useful as regularizers in signal processing and machine learning tasks. Designing collections of building block signals -- or more formally, dictionaries of atoms -- that specifically account for the underlying graph structure as well as any available representative training signals has been an active area of research over the last decade. In this article, we survey a particular class of dictionaries called localized spectral graph filter frames, whose atoms are created by localizing spectral patterns to different regions of the graph. After showing how this class encompasses a variety of approaches from spectral graph wavelets to graph filter banks, we focus on the two main questions of how to design the spectral filters and how to select the center vertices to which the patterns are localized. Throughout, we emphasize computationally efficient methods that ensure the resulting transforms and their inverses can be applied to data residing on large, sparse graphs. We demonstrate how this class of transform methods can be used in signal processing tasks such as denoising and non-linear approximation, and provide code for readers to experiment with these methods in new application domains.
Inclusive Higher Education for College Students with Intellectual Disability

Advocacy and public policy have made higher education more accessible for youth with intellectual disability than ever before. This chapter illustrates an exemplary model of inclusive higher education (IHE), successfully being implemented at Vanderbilt University, USA, through the Next Steps at Vanderbilt program. This program provides college students with intellectual disability the opportunity to learn and grow alongside their typically developing peers in a rich and diverse academic environment. This chapter provides insight into several core components of high-quality IHE programs and how these components are implemented on a college campus. Recommendations for adopting inclusive college practices are also addressed.
Clinical Case Management

Case management is a vital service in gerontological social work-perhaps the most essential service. Extreme variation in the definition and implementation has detracted from the core functions of case management. When these functions are placed in a clinical context, case management becomes the treatment of choice for many frail elderly and their families. There have been many forces operating against the development of professional case management, yet gerontological social work must take the lead in clinical case management practice. Social work educators must play a key role in preparing social workers for case management and promoting this treatment model as the hallmark of gerontological social work.
Stewardship 2021: The Centrality of Institutional Investor Regulation to Restoring a Fair and Sustainable American Economy

In this essay, which formed the basis for the luncheon keynote speech at the Rethinking Stewardship online conference presented by the Ira M. Millstein Center for Global Markets and Corporate Ownership at Columbia Law School and ECGI, the European Corporate Governance Institute, the essential, but not sufficient, role of regulation to promote more effective stewardship by institutional investors is discussed. To frame specific policy recommendations that align the responsibilities of institutional investors with the best interests of their human investors in sustainable wealth creation, environmental responsibility, the respectful treatment of stakeholders, and, in particular, the fair pay and treatment of workers, the essay: 1) explains how the corporate governance system we now have is fundamentally different than the system we had when the regulatory structures governing institutional investors were put in place; 2)identifies the suboptimal results that have ensued by increasing the power of institutional investors, and thus the stock market, over public companies, while diminishing the protections for other stakeholders and society generally; 3) discusses why leaving needed change to the industry itself is not an adequate answer; and 4) sets forth a series of specific, measured public policy changes for mutual funds, pension funds, and hedge funds. In sum, the essay explains and addresses the reality that companies that make products and deliver services cannot focus more on sustainable profitability, respectful treatment of stakeholders, and social responsibility than the powerful investors that control them permit. Like any powerful economic interest, institutional investors should be expected to be responsible citizens and faithful fiduciaries.
An intronic variant in the CELF4 gene is associated with risk for colorectal cancer.

Abstract Background Germline predisposition variants associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) have been identified but all are not yet identified. We sought to identify the responsible predisposition germline variant in an extended high-risk CRC pedigree that exhibited evidence of linkage to the 18q12.2 region (TLOD = +2.81). Methods DNA from two distantly related carriers of the hypothesized predisposition haplotype on 18q12.2 was sequenced to identify candidate variants. The candidate rare variants shared by the related sequenced subjects were screened in 3,094 CRC cases and 5x population-matched controls from UKBiobank to test for association. Further segregation of the variant was tested via Taqman assay in other sampled individuals in the pedigree. Results Analysis of whole genome sequence data for the two related hypothesized predisposition haplotype carriers, restricted to the shared haplotype boundaries, identified multiple (n = 6) rare candidate non-coding variants that were tested for association with CRC risk in UKBiobank. A rare intronic variant ofCELF4 gene, rs568643870, was significantly associated with CRC (p = 0.004, OR = 5.0), and segregated with CRC in other members of the linked pedigree. Conclusion Evidence of segregation in a high-risk pedigree, case-control association in an external dataset, and identification of additional CRC-affected carriers in the linked pedigree support a role for a rareCELF4 intronic variant in CRC risk.
Application of Kaiser Sepsis Calculator in culture-positive infants with early onset sepsis.

Kaiser Sepsis Calculator (KSC) reduces antibiotic use, testing and intravenous infiltrates but there are concerns about the missed early onset sepsis (EOS) cases. We sought to apply the KSC score for culture-positive infants retrospectively in infants born in the last 10 years in our hospital. In a retrospective cohort study, the comparison groups were divided into Group A (no antibiotics recommended by KSC) and Group B (antibiotics recommended). Overall, 17/24 (71%) infants would have been started on antibiotics per KSC but 7/24 (29%) would not. The initial EOS risk was not significantly different between the groups (Group A vs. Group B: 0.44 vs. 0.76, P = 0.41), but the final risk score was (0.33 vs. 9.41, P < 0.001). In Group A (no antibiotics), 3/7 infants became symptomatic between 9 and 42 hours. There may be a potential delay in starting antibiotics in infants that are asymptomatic at birth while using KSC.
Cancer management in man : chemotherapy, biological therapy, hyperthermia and supporting measures

I. CHEMOTHERAPY. 1.Plant-derived natural products as anticancer agents. 2.The Vinca Alkaloids. 3.Taxanes and epothilones in cancer treatment. 4.Alkylating Agents. 5.Anthracyclines and Anthracenediones.6. Topoisomerase I inhibitors. 7.Folate Antagonists in Cancer Treatment. 8.Platinum Complexes for the treatment of cancer. 9. Hormone Therapies for Cancer. 10.Effects of Cancer Chemotherapy on Gonadal Function. 11.Targeting the tumor microenvironment for enhancing chemotherapy in hematologic malignancies. II. BIOLOGICAL THERAPY. 12.Cytokines in the treatment of cancer. 13. Antibody-based therapies for solid tumors. 14.Cancer Vaccines. 15. Adoptive Immunotherapy of Cancer using Autologous Lymphocytes. 16.Oncolytic Virus Therapy for Cancer. III. OTHER. 17. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors. 18.Inhibitors of tumor angiogenesis. 19.Transcatheter Management of Neoplasms. Chapter 20. Tumor Stem Cells: Therapeutic Implications of a Paradigm Shift in Multiple Myeloma. IV.HYPERTHERMIA. 21.Induced hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer. V.SUPPORTING MEASURES. 22.Hematologic Support of the Patient with Malignancy. 23.Current Advances in Bone Marrow Transplantation for Cancer Treatment. 24.Pain management in the cancer patient. 25.Management of Nausea and Vomiting in Cancer Patients. 26.Nurtition in the management of the Cancer Patient. 27.Predictive value of interferon-gamma induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression in cancer patients.
Condensation Kinetics and Mechanisms

Representative results on sticking coefficients of chemisorbing gases on metals are summarized and discussed in terms of various models of condensation. The dependences on solid material, crystal plane, gas and surface temperature, and adsorbate mass have been measured with isotropic fluxes for a number of chemisorption systems. Coverage dependences of s generally agree with models of direct or precursor intermediate processes, but values of initial sticking coefficients can be interpreted only by considering the mechanism of energy transfer. Recent results using molecular beams to determine s as a function of angle of incidence are summarized. Predictions of several models of energy transfer are discussed and compared with the results of these experiments.
Multinational Corporations and Business Negotiation under the Monroe Doctrine: Lord Cowdray and Oil Politics in Colombia

The bargaining power of a multinational corporation negotiating with a poor country in the extractive sector can be determined by the host country's local politics, the relationships between the host country and the multinational's home country, and the power of other countries. This paper explores the negotiations for oil concessions between the British oil firm Pearson and Son (owned by Weetman Pearson-Lord Cowdray) and the Colombian government in 1913. Despite the mutually beneficial terms of the contract negotiated between the company and the government, the negotiations failed. I argue that the collapse of the negotiations was a result of the company's little understanding of Colombia's domestic politics (this was the Pearson's first experience at negotiating in a poor country with strong legal political parties), its underestimation of United States opposition to Pearson's encroachment into "US territory," and a narrow-minded British policy of protection of British investors abroad.
Fast Algorithms for One-Dimensional Compaction with Jog Insertion

Subquadratic algorithms are given for each of two phases of channel compaction: determining minimum channel height and producing a minimum height routing that minimizes length and number of jogs for each wire. The algorithms use balanced trees with dynamic finger searching.
18F-FDG PET of Gliomas at Delayed Intervals: Improved Distinction Between Tumor and Normal Gray Matter

We hypothesized that delineation of gliomas from gray matter with 18F-FDG PET could be improved by extending the interval between 18F-FDG administration and PET data acquisition. The purposes of this study were, first, to analyze standard and delayed 18F-FDG PET images visually and quantitatively to determine whether definition of tumor improved at later imaging times and, second, to investigate the dynamics of model-derived kinetic rate constants, particularly k4. Methods: Nineteen adult patients with supratentorial gliomas were imaged from 0 to 90 min and once or twice later at 180–480 min after injection. In 15 patients, arterial sampling provided the early input function. Venous sampling provided the remaining curve to the end of the imaging sequence. Standardized uptake value (SUV) was calculated as tissue concentration of tracer per injected tracer dose per body weight. Ratios of tumor SUV relative to the SUV of gray matter, brain (including gray and white matter), or white matter were calculated at each imaging time point. Dynamic image data from tumor, gray matter, brain, or white matter were analyzed using a 2-compartment, 4-parameter model applied for the entire duration of imaging, in which delay, K1, distribution volume, k3, and k4 were optimized using a nonlinear optimization method. Parameter estimation for each region included both an early subset of data from a conventional dynamic imaging period (0–60 min) and the full, extended dataset for each region. Results: In 12 of the 19 patients, visual analysis showed that the delayed images better distinguished the high uptake in tumors relative to uptake in gray matter. SUV comparisons also showed greater uptake in the tumors than in gray matter, brain, or white matter at the delayed times. The estimated k4 values for tumors were not significantly different from those for gray matter in early imaging analysis but were lower (P
An ontology of time for the semantic web

In connection with the DAML project for bringing about the Semantic Web, an ontology of time is being developed for describing the temporal content of Web pages and the temporal properties of Web services. This ontology covers topological properties of instants and intervals, measures of duration, and the meanings of clock and calendar terms.
The Turbulent Policy Environment in Education: Implications for School Administration and Accountability

So, what's new? The term turbulence brings images of storm-tossed seas, dangerous currents, unpredictable winds, darkening clouds on the near horizon. These are images long familiar to educators, and the language of school administration is loaded with seafaring metaphors: Batten down the hatches; keep things on an even keel; watch the way the wind is blowing; keep the ship afloat; ride out the storm; steady as she goes; this, too, shall pass. The policy environment in education has always been characterized by turbulence. Education has been reformed again and again and again. There have been "waves" of reform, to continue the metaphor. There have also been long, historical battles in education over who pays, who benefits, who gets left behind, who controls, whose goals prevail, and who evaluates. As our nation has grown, each of its many (often turbulent) struggles in development has been thoroughly played out in the schools-including the schools' adaptations to waves of immigration, rural-to-urban migration, industrialization, civil unrest, revolutions in individual and group rights, economic ups and downs, technological
Effects of surgically implanted transmitters on anguilliform fishes: lessons from lamprey

Passage success of adult Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata at a large, hydropower dam was negatively correlated with the size of surgically implanted transmitters. This comparatively large field study (>800 fish) found effects that were not detectable in the laboratory.
Results of a Multisite Survey of U.S. Psychiatry Residents on Education in Professionalism and Ethics

Objective The authors assess the perspectives of psychiatry residents about the goals of receiving education in professionalism and ethics, how topics should be taught, and on what ethical principles the curriculum should be based.
Autopage and the Use of Computer Scripts to Automate Microtasks

Paging referring clinicians with imaging results is a frequently repeated “microtask” performed by practicing radiologists. Many institutions use online alpha-paging systems to provide this integral part of safe and efficient patient care. Although sending an alpha-page can often be accomplished within one minute, current tools may disrupt workflow by distracting users with a series of tedious mouse clicks. We describe the development, evaluation, and updates of a portable tool that sends alpha-pages to referring clinicians using two keystrokes. This software integrates study information obtained from the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) with an existing hospital paging system.
Permalloy-Sheet Transfluxor-Array Memory

Annealed molybdenum Permalloy sheets of 1/8−1 mil thickness have been photoetched to form transfluxor-element memory arrays utilizing inhibited-flux storage. Operating characteristics are summarized for single elements switched in 21 nsec-3.2 μsec. Some findings are: one to zero information flux ratios of 5:1 to 16:1, one to disturb noise flux ratios greater than 30:1, and S w values of 1.7 to 0.14 oe μsec. In addition, operation is possible over a temperature range of −70° to +150°C without drive-current compensation. Also, for a 1/8-mil thick element switched in times less than 0.1 μsec, S w values less than 0.2 oe μsec are obtained, indicating that fast switching may occur partially by uniform flux rotation. Array photoetching is described. Arrays containing 128 and 1152 elements have been fabricated. The latter permit a storage density of 250 000 bits/cu in. to be attained. The arrays receive a stress-relief treatment which results in a signal uniformity of ±3%. Photofabrication of windings has been accomplished also. This process generates continuous windings linking the transfluxor apertures.
Hydrolysis of CpTiCl2(TEMPO) and its application on one-pot syntheses of CpTiCl(OR)2 complexes

The η1-hydroxylamido half-titanocene complex, CpTiCl2(TEMPO) 1, hydrolyzes extremely efficiently to generate (CpTiClO)4 and the protonated hydroxylamine. The efficient hydrolysis chemistry provides selective syntheses of CpTi dialkoxide and diaryloxide complexes.
Groups with no infinite perfect subgroups and aspherical 2-complexes

The purpose of this paper is to generalize a theorem of J. F. Adams. He showed in [A] that ifX is a subcomplex of an aspherical 2-complex and the fundamental groupG ofX has no non-trivial perfect subgroups, thenX is aspherical. We weaken the hypothesis onG to “no infinite perfect subgroups”.
Exploiting qualitative spatial reasoning for topological adjustment of spatial data

Formal models of spatial relations such as the 9-Intersection model or RCC-8 have become omnipresent in the spatial information sciences and play an important role to formulate constraints in many applications of spatial data processing. A fundamental problem in such applications is to adapt geometric data to satisfy certain relational constraints while minimizing the changes that need to be made to the data. We address the problem of adjusting geometric objects to meet the spatial relations from a qualitative spatial calculus, forming a bridge between the areas of qualitative spatial representation and reasoning (QSR) and of geometric adjustment using optimization approaches. In particular, we explore how constraint-based QSR techniques can be beneficially employed to improve the optimization process. We discuss three different ways in which QSR can be utilized and then focus on its application to reduce the complexity of the optimization problem in terms of variables and equations needed. We propose two constraint-based problem simplification algorithms and evaluate them experimentally. Our results demonstrate that exploiting QSR techniques indeed leads to a significant performance improvement.
Alius or Alter: The Qur'anic definition of Christians and Christianity

Abstract An essential part of Islam's self definition was not only linking itself to prior revelations and the communities that issued from them, but also distinguishing itself from them. The Qur'an does not spend a great deal of time on those earlier revelations as such — though later Muslims did — but did attempt on a number of occasions to characterize Muslims, Jews and Christians in ways that would serve to underline the differences. This paper is concerned only with the Qur'an's view of Christians, the forces driving it and its evolution over the time span represented by the Prophetic revelations.
Adaptive Composite Map Projections

All major web mapping services use the web Mercator projection. This is a poor choice for maps of the entire globe or areas of the size of continents or larger countries because the Mercator projection shows medium and higher latitudes with extreme areal distortion and provides an erroneous impression of distances and relative areas. The web Mercator projection is also not able to show the entire globe, as polar latitudes cannot be mapped. When selecting an alternative projection for information visualization, rivaling factors have to be taken into account, such as map scale, the geographic area shown, the map's height-to-width ratio, and the type of cartographic visualization. It is impossible for a single map projection to meet the requirements for all these factors. The proposed composite map projection combines several projections that are recommended in cartographic literature and seamlessly morphs map space as the user changes map scale or the geographic region displayed. The composite projection adapts the map's geometry to scale, to the map's height-to-width ratio, and to the central latitude of the displayed area by replacing projections and adjusting their parameters. The composite projection shows the entire globe including poles; it portrays continents or larger countries with less distortion (optionally without areal distortion); and it can morph to the web Mercator projection for maps showing small regions.
The Internet and the Environmental Protection Agency: Public Access to Toxic Chemical Off-Site Consequence Information

(2009). The Internet and the Environmental Protection Agency: Public Access to Toxic Chemical Off-Site Consequence Information. Free Speech Yearbook: Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 95-106.
Young Adolescents' Gender-, Ethnicity-, and Popularity-Based Social Schemas of Aggressive Behavior

Social schemas can influence the perception and recollection of others’ behavior and may create biases in the reporting of social events. This study investigated young adolescents’ (N = 317) gender...
Real-time analysis of protein adsorption to a variety of thin films.

Abstract The ability of a fluorescence-based array biosensor to screen surfaces for the adsorption of biomolecules in real-time is demonstrated. Glass microscope slides were coated with silanes, including 3-mercaptopropyl-triethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy-silane, octadecyl-trichlorosilane, and 2-methoxy((polyethylenoxy)propyl)tri-methoxysilane, or with polymer thin films, including polystyrene, polyimide, sol–gel, poly(dimethylsiloxane), and agarose. The adsorption of Cy5-labeled proteins, bovine serum albumin, fibrinogen, and lysozyme onto these surfaces was measured using total internal reflection spectroscopy over a period of 50 min. The majority of the modified surfaces, apart from notable exceptions including the thiol silane and PDMS, behaved as expected upon protein adsorption, and the observations could be related to the properties of both the individual surfaces and proteins. This study highlights the complex nature of the mechanisms involved when a protein interacts at a solid–liquid interface. However, it also demonstrates a comparatively generic method with which to screen surfaces for their protein resistant properties and to measure surface interactions in real time. Furthermore, since the array biosensor can perform multiple measurements simultaneously, the interactions of a variety of proteins with a single surface can be monitored.
The Dramatist Diego Jiménez de Enciso and the Linajudos of Seville

In his play La mayor hazana de Carlos V the Sevillian dramatist Diego Jimenez de Enciso makes reference to the linajudo, a social type that emerged in seventeenth-century Spain. The growing insistence on purity of blood as a qualification for office and honours gave rise to the linajudo whose principal occupation was to scrutinize lineages to discover traces of converso ancestry. Candidates for positions in the Church, Inquisition, Colegios Mayores and Military Orders had to undergo investigations to prove that none of their ancestors was of Jewish or Moslem descent, or had been penanced by the Inquisition. With a knowledge of genealogy based on written accounts such as the libros verdes (green books) that contained the names of noble families that lacked limpieza and other assorted papers and documents in addition to local oral tradition, the linajudos played an important role in these investigations. This was particularly true in the genealogical probes for habitos in the Military Orders because of the ...