cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal assembly of polysilicon microstructures

Thermal microassembly techniques are demonstrated which extend the capabilities of surface micromachining technology. Bridges are cleanly severed by application of a single 30 mA, 100 mu s pulse. Delicately suspended microstructures are supported by tee bridges during wet etching of phosphosilicate glass, in order to reduce yield loss due to breakage and stiction to the substrate during rinsing and drying. The supports are subsequently severed to release the structure. Mechanical contacts are welded together with 30 mA of current, with a microprobe used to force together the contacts. Qualitative destructive tests indicate that the welded contact is robust. Electrostatic force applied by interdigitated electrodes is insufficient to initiate welding of polysilicon, possibly because the native oxide film must be penetrated to allow current to pass through the contact. Current vs. voltage measurements of polysilicon microbridges agree well with a first-order model, in which heat conduction and convection in air are neglected. Values of the voltage needed to melt the bridge are found to vary with bridge dimensions, because the bridge anchors are not perfect heat sinks. >
Mid-infrared quantum cascade laser integrated with λ/4-thick distributed Bragg reflector (DBR)

We report a first successful operation of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) integrated InP-based QCL. The DBR facet (λ/4-thick semiconductor-wall and λ/4-thick air-gap, 2 pairs) shows a high reflectivity of 91%, leading to a significant threshold current reduction of QCL in 7 µm wavelength region.
A study of oral contrast coating on the surface of polyps: an implication for computer-aided detection and classification of polyps

Accurate identification of polyps is the ultimate goal of Computed Tomography Colonography (CTC). While oral contrast agents were originally used to tag stool and fluid for the ultimate goal of CTC, recently their effect on coating the surface of polyps has been observed. This study aims to evaluate (1) the frequency at which the oral contrast adhered to polyp surfaces and (2) if there was a difference in contrast adherence with respect to diverse polyp types. To eliminate gravity as a factor in this study, the polyps in contact with tagged fluid pools, particularly on the bottom of the colon wall were excluded. A total of 150 polyps were selected under the above condition from a CTC database and screened for any adherent contrast on the luminal edge. Among the total, 53% of the screened polyps had adherent contrast. Serrated adenomas and hyperplastic polyps had a higher tagging percentage, 77.80% and 62.50% respectively, than tubular adenomas and tubulovillous adenomas, 44.40% and 43% respectively. Other factors that were analyzed for the effect on coating include size and location of the polyps. The higher tagging percentage of serrated adenomas and hyperplastic polyps may be due to their similar cellular features. The average size of the polyps was 8.9 mm. When the polyps were separated by size into small (5-9mm) and large (10-26mm) groups, the large group had a higher tagging percentage. The polyp types were also classified by location with the major findings being: 1) Tubular adenomas were present in all segments of the colon and 2) that serrated adenomas were present at a higher percentage in the proximal colon. These findings shall facilitate characterizing tagging agents and improve computer aided detection and classification of polyps via CTC.
Do secular and religious social networks meet the same individual and societal needs

Research by Putnam and Campbell (2010), among others, seems to indicate that church-based religious social networks are larger and more conducive to happiness, volunteering, and charitable donating...
Impact of life stories on college students' positive and negative attitudes toward older adults.

ABSTRACTGerontological educators are increasingly interested in reducing college students’ negative, and promoting their positive, attitudes toward older adults. Over the course of a semester, students from six 4-year institutions viewed three life story videos (documentaries) of older adults and completed pre- and posttest surveys that assessed their positive (Allophilia Scale) and negative (Fraboni Scale of Ageism) attitudes. The authors assessed changes in attitudinal scales between treatment (with videos, n = 80) and control (no video, n = 40) groups. Change score analysis with 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals estimated the effects of the documentaries on students’ attitudes. The treatment group showed significant increases in kinship, engagement, and enthusiasm, and decreases in antilocution and avoidance (all ps <.05). There was no significant change in affect, comfort, or discrimination. This study demonstrated how video stories impact students’ attitudes about older adults.
Photoinduced Domain Pattern Transformation in Ferroelectric-Dielectric Superlattices.

The nanodomain pattern in ferroelectric-dielectric superlattices transforms to a uniform polarization state under above-band-gap optical excitation. $X$-ray scattering reveals a disappearance of domain diffuse scattering and an expansion of the lattice. The reappearance of the domain pattern occurs over a period of seconds at room temperature, suggesting a transformation mechanism in which charge carriers in long-lived trap states screen the depolarization field. A Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire model predicts changes in lattice parameter and a critical carrier concentration for the transformation.
Policy Uptake as Political Behavior: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act

Partisanship is a primary predictor of attitudes toward public policy. However, we do not yet know whether party similarly plays a role in shaping public policy behavior, such as whether to apply for government benefits or take advantage of public services. While existing research has identified numerous factors that increase policy uptake, the role of politics has been almost entirely overlooked. In this paper, we examine the case of the Affordable Care Act to assess whether policy uptake is not only about information and incentives; but also about politics. Using longitudinal data, we find that Republicans have been less likely than Democrats to enroll in an insurance plan through state or federal exchanges, all else equal. Employing a large-scale field experiment, we then show that de-emphasizing the role of government (and highlighting the market's role) can close this partisan gap.
A latent class analysis of PTSD symptoms among inner city primary care patients.

Abstract Objectives Examine evidence for different subclasses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a sample of trauma exposed, low-income, predominantly African American men and women. Assess the relationship between PTSD subclasses with major depressive disorder (MDD) and types of trauma experienced. Method Latent class analysis (LCA) using a multivariate normal mixture model on the 17-item PTSD Symptom Scale (PSS) was used to identify latent subclasses of PTSD symptoms (N = 5063). Results LCA suggested four subclasses of PTSD symptoms: (1) High severity and comorbidity (n = 932, 92.2% current PTSD, 88.7% MDD, 82% both), characterized by high PTSD symptoms, depression, and comorbidity of PTSD and MDD; (2) Moderate severity (n = 1179, 56.5% current PTSD, 53.9% MDD, 34.5% both), which had high avoidance and hyper-vigilance symptoms compared to the other symptoms; (3) Low PTSD and high depression (n = 657, 12.8% current PTSD, 49.9% MDD, 8.8% both) which had high insomnia but otherwise low PTSD symptoms and high depression; and (4) Resilient (n = 2295, 2.0% current PTSD, 16.4% MDD, and 0.6% both) characterized by low mean scores on all PTSD symptoms and depression. Conclusions The results suggest avoidance and hyper-vigilance are important symptoms in PTSD development and insomnia may be an important indicator for depression. The combination of severe insomnia, avoidance, and hyper-vigilance may be key symptoms for comorbidity of PTSD and MDD. Future studies should focus on these symptoms to better target people at high risk for developing PTSD or MDD.
Topological Features in Glyph-Based Corotation Visualization

This chapter introduces a novel method for vortex detection in flow fields based on the corotation of line segments and glyph rendering. The corotation measure is defined as a point-symmetric scalar function on a sphere, suitable for direct representation in the form of a three-dimensional glyph. Appropriate placement of these glyphs in the domain of a flow field makes it possible to depict vortical features present in the flow. We demonstrate how topological analysis of this novel glyph-based representation of vortex features can reveal vortex characteristics that lie beyond the capabilities of visualization techniques that consider vortex direction and magnitude information only.
Genetic Stocks Used for Potato Genome Sequencing

Potato is a highly heterozygous and tetraploid crop and therefore it was a major challenge to decipher the potato genome. This chapter highlights the developmental stories of the potato genetic stock used for the whole genome sequencing by the Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium (PGSC).
Ex vivo human bile duct radiofrequency ablation with a bipolar catheter

Management of the primary and secondary tumors of the bile ducts still remains as a major clinical challenge. Radiofrequency (RF) ablation (RFA) of these tumors is feasible but the effect of RF energy on the human common bile duct (CBD) and surrounding tissues has not been investigated. This pilot study aimed to determine the relationship between RF energy and the depth of ablation in the normal human CBD. The study was performed on fresh ex vivo human biliary–pancreatic tissue which had been resected for a pancreatic cyst or mass. The study was conducted within 15 min after resection. A bipolar Habib RFA catheter was placed into the middle of the intact CBD, and three different (5, 7, 10 W) power settings were applied over a 90-s period by an RF generator. Gross and histological examinations were performed. The depth of coagulation necrosis in CBD and the effect of RFA on CBD wall and surrounding pancreas tissue were determined by microscopic examination. The study included eight tissue samples. 5 W power was applied to three sites and RFA caused only focal epithelial necrosis limited to the CBD mucosa. 7 and 10 W were applied to five sites and coagulation necrosis occurred in all cases. Microscopically, necrosis was transmural, involved accessory bile duct glands, and extended to the surrounding pancreatic tissue in four of these cases. Macroscopically, RFA resulted in circumferential white-yellowish color change extending approximately 2 cm of the CBD. Bipolar RF energy application with 5 W resulted in limited ablation on CBD wall. However, 7 and 10 W generated tissue necrosis which extended through the CBD wall and into surrounding pancreas tissue. Endoscopic biliary RFA is an effective technique for local biliary tissue ablation but the use of high energy may injure surrounding tissue.
Progress Toward Fabrication of Machined Metal Shells for the First Double-Shell Implosions at the National Ignition Facility

AbstractThe double-shell platform fielded at the National Ignition Facility requires developments in new machining techniques and robotic assembly stations to meet the experimental specifications. Current double-shell target designs use a dense high-Z inner shell, a foam cushion, and a low-Z outer shell. The design requires that the inner shell be gas filled using a fill tube. This tube impacts the entire machining and assembly design. Other intermediate physics designs have to be fielded to answer physics questions and advance the technology to be able to fabricate the full point design in the near future. One of these intermediate designs is a mid-Z imaging design. The methods of designing, fabricating, and characterizing each of the major components of an imaging double shell are discussed with an emphasis on the fabrication of the machined outer metal shell.
Understanding Structuring and Variation in a Nonprofit Subfield: Examining Institutional and Regional Pressures in U.S. Historic Preservation Nonprofits

Public administration and management recognizes key subsectors in the public sphere as nested within and shaped by institutional fields. However, we know little about the forces that influence their development at different levels or how patterns in institutional fields and in forces shaping these fields vary by level and location. We therefore understand little about potential levels for shaping nonprofit advocacy, decision-making, and organizational capacity in nonhomogenous subsectors. This mixed methods study examines nested pressures shaping a U.S. nonprofit subsector, focusing on two ecological levels of influence in historic preservation nonprofits. I use data from 96 interviews with National Trust Partner organizations in 44 states to develop typologies of professional approaches to preservation and capacity. Findings indicate that both national and regional pressures shape scope and capacity in these nonprofits, underscoring the importance of considering institutional contexts structuring subsectors rather than assuming sector-wide patterns and behaviors. This study provides a baseline for future research on developments in the U.S. nonprofit historic preservation subsector and provides insight for practitioners and legislators into the levels that shape scope and capacity in nonprofit subsectors.
Training Object Detectors with Synthetic Data for Autonomous UAV Sampling Applications

Training accurate object detection models often requires a large amount training data. In some cases, limited imagery, from drastically different perspectives than the desired target view positions and angles, may be available for specific objects of interest. Training accurate models with this imagery may not be possible and require a lot of performance-limiting assumptions. However, it may be possible to use this limited imagery to create a 3D model of the targets and their surrounding area. In this paper, we explore training an object detector using only synthetic imagery to detect rooftop stacks for UAV sampling tasks. We show that this detector performs well on real imagery, and enables autonomous UAV sampling. We also note that this approach is general, and should extend to other objects.
A left ventricular end-diastolic dimension less than 6.0 cm is associated with mortality after implantation of an axial-flow pump

Abstract Objective The effects of having a lower left ventricular end-diastolic dimension before HeartMate II (Thoratec Corp, Pleasanton, Calif) left ventricular assist device implantation remain unclear. We analyzed our single-center data on HeartMate II implantation to determine whether having a lower left ventricular end-diastolic dimension preoperatively was associated with inferior outcomes. Methods From November 2003 to March 2016, 393 patients with chronic heart failure underwent primary HeartMate II implantation. We compared the preoperative left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and associated survival outcomes of these patients to determine the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension cutoff for worse overall survival. Then, we compared the preoperative demographics, stroke rate, and mortality of patients with a left ventricular end-diastolic dimension above the cutoff for worse survival with those of patients with a left ventricular end-diastolic dimension below the cutoff. Results A Cox multivariate regression model showed that low left ventricular end-diastolic dimension was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 1.49; P = .02). The Contal and O'Quigley method showed that overall survival postimplantation was decreased in patients with a left ventricular end-diastolic dimension less than 6.0 cm (n = 91). Kaplan–Meier analysis confirmed that the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension less than 6.0 cm group had lower overall survival than the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension 6.0 cm or greater group (P = .04). Furthermore, a competing-risk analysis showed that postoperative stroke was more common in the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension less than 6.0 cm group than in the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension 6.0 cm or greater group (P Conclusions Overall survival was decreased and postoperative stroke was increased in HeartMate II recipients with a preoperative left ventricular end-diastolic dimension less than 6.0 cm. Future research should determine the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension cutoff values for safely implanting other support devices, and device designs should be improved to better accommodate the needs of patients with a limited left ventricle size.
Genome streamlining via complete loss of introns has occurred multiple times in lichenized fungal mitochondria

Reductions in genome size and complexity are a hallmark of obligate symbioses. The mitochondrial genome displays clear examples of these reductions, with the ancestral alpha-proteobacterial genome size and gene number having been reduced by orders of magnitude in most descendent modern mitochondrial genomes. Here, we examine patterns of mitochondrial evolution specifically looking at intron size, number, and position across 58 species from 21 genera of lichenized Ascomycete fungi, representing a broad range of fungal diversity and niches. Our results show that the cox1gene always contained the highest number of introns out of all the mitochondrial protein-coding genes, that high intron sequence similarity (>90%) can be maintained between different genera, and that lichens have undergone at least two instances of complete, genome-wide intron loss consistent with evidence for genome streamlining via loss of parasitic, noncoding DNA, in Phlyctis boliviensisand Graphis lineola. Notably, however, lichenized fungi have not only undergone intron loss but in some instances have expanded considerably in size due to intron proliferation (e.g., Alectoria fallacina and Parmotrema neotropicum), even between closely related sister species (e.g., Cladonia). These results shed light on the highly dynamic mitochondrial evolution that is occurring in lichens and suggest that these obligate symbiotic organisms are in some cases undergoing recent, broad-scale genome streamlining via loss of protein-coding genes as well as noncoding, parasitic DNA elements.
Occupational Licensing and the Earnings Premium in the United States: Updated Evidence from the Current Population Survey

Using survey data from 2015 to 2018, this article analyses the occupational licensing wage premium in the United States. The estimates show a robust 4–6 per cent wage differential for licensed workers. This premium is robust to careful control for location/local labour market effects and occupation effects. The premium is also positive for the majority of individual occupations and groups of occupations estimated. Similar results are found using additional techniques, including a matching estimator and an analysis of border metropolitan statistical areas.
A mathematical model of tumor-immune interactions with an immune checkpoint inhibitor

Abstract Blockade of immune checkpoints has recently been shown as a revolutionary strategy in the fight against cancers. Based on recent mouse experiments and clinical trials, large tumors can be completely suppressed with an additional blockade of immune checkpoints. We construct mathematical models capturing key interactions among malignant tumor cells, CD4 + T cells, anti-tumor cytokines, and immune checkpoint inhibitor of CTLA-4 to explore the importance of immune checkpoints on regression of tumor. Our study shows that blockade of immune checkpoints plays essential roles in immune responses. Continuous and one day pulse immune therapies by either T cells, anti-tumor cytokines, anti-CTLA-4 or a joint therapy are administered to exam the effectiveness of immune therapies. Our investigation indicates anti-tumor cytokine is potentially a key factor in determining the future of the malignant tumor. The malignant tumor can be suppressed thoroughly with reasonable dosages of anti-tumor cytokines if pre-radiation along with anti-CTLA-4 therapy are implemented.
Speckle coherence of piecewise-stationary stochastic targets

The van Cittert-Zernike (VCZ) theorem describes the propagation of spatial covariance from an incoherent source distribution, such as backscatter from stochastic targets in pulse-echo imaging. These stochastic targets are typically assumed statistically stationary and spatially incoherent with uniform scattering strength. In this work, the VCZ theorem is applied to a piecewise-stationary scattering model. Under this framework, the spatial covariance of the received echo data is demonstrated as the linear superposition of covariances from distinct spatial regions. This theory is analytically derived from fundamental physical principles, and validated through simulation studies demonstrating superposition and scaling. Simulations show that linearity is preserved over various depths and transmit apodizations, and in the presence of noise. These results provide a general framework to decompose spatial covariance into contributions from distinct regions of interest, which may be applied to advanced imaging methods. While the simulation tools used for validation are specific to ultrasound, this analysis is generally applicable to other coherent imaging applications involving stochastic targets. This covariance decomposition provides the physical basis for a recently described imaging method, Multi-covariate Imaging of Sub-resolution Targets.
The Lynching and Rebirth of Ned Buntline: Rogue Authorship during the American Literary Renaissance

Though largely unknown today, “Ned Buntline” (Edward Zane Carroll Judson) was one of the most influential authors of 19th-century America. He published over 170 novels, edited multiple popular and political publications, and helped pioneer the seafaring adventure, city mystery and Western genres. It was his pirate tales that Tom Sawyer constantly reenacted, his “Bowery B’hoys” that came to define the distinctive slang and swagger of urban American characters, and his novels and plays that turned an unknown scout into Buffalo Bill, King of the Border Men. But before “Ned Buntline” became a mainstay of the popular press, he had been on his way to becoming one of the nation’s highbrow literary elites. He was praised by the leading critics, edited an important literary journal, and his stories appeared in the era’s most prestigious publications. This study examines how and why “Ned Buntline” moved from prestigious to popular authorship and argues that the transformation was precipitated by one very specific event: in 1846, Edward Z. C. Judson was lynched. A close examination of Judson’s life, writing, and the coverage of him in the newspapers of the day (including the remarkable story of how he survived a lynching) demonstrates that the same issues that led to his lynching also led to his rebirth as a new kind of American author.
CONSER: The Very Model of a Modern Cooperative Program.

The CONSER Program is the oldest component of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) and many elements that made CONSER a success were adopted by the PCC over the past twenty-five years. This...
Interactions of metal hydrous oxides with chelating agents: III. Adsorption on spherical colloidal hematite particles

Abstract The adsorption of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on a well-characterized sample of α-Fe2O3 (hematite) at 25°C has been studied over a wide range of concentrations and pH. The plateau adsorption density vs pH indicates a maximum at low pH (2–3) and steadily decreasing uptake at pH values above 3. Significant adsorption at the electrokinetic isoelectric point (iep) of hematite (pH ∼7.0) and a shift to lower pH of the iep indicate specific interactions between hematite and the complexing solutes. Essentially the same curve is obtained when the adsorption density relative to its maximum value ( Γ T Γ max ) is plotted against the pH for EDTA and several other related chelating ligands (HEDTA, DTPA, CTPA, and NTA). A general electrical double-layer model which quantifies the change in chelate ligand solution speciation and the change in particle surface charge is used to model the normalized adsorption ( Γ T Γ max ) as a function of pH for the five chelating agents. Below the iep the experimental results can be reproduced by adding to the coulombic interaction a specific adsorption energy of approximately −5RT. To fit the data above the iep it was necessary to assume a configurational change for the adsorbed chelating species.
The clinical features of traumatic subdural hematomas in children

Objective To discuss the clinical features of traumatic subdural hematomas in children. Methods One hundred and sixty-six children with traumatic subdural hematomas managed in the previous six years were retrospectively reviewed. Results Children with traumatic subdural hematomas took the proportion of 15% of all head injury and 31.6% of intracranial hematomas in children in the same period. About 42.2% patients were neonates or infants. The primary causes of head injury were in the order of birth injury, accidental falls, road accident and violence. Most hematomas were located at the supra tentoriurn of cerebellum, with the symptoms of headache, vomiting, conscious disturbance, epilepsy and local symptom in nervous system. Patients with surgical indications took 24.7% among all cases. The operations included craniotomy and burr hole drainage. Conclusions Conservative treatment can be used for most cases of traumatic subdural hematomas in children. Surgical indications are conscious disturbance, defection of nervous system, and large hematomas found on CT scan. Most patients completely recovered with timely treatment. Key words: Child; Head injuries; Subdural hematoma
Hypothesis: A Novel Neuroprotective Role for Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC3) in Brain—To Maintain Energy-Dependent Functions Including Cognitive Processes

The isoform of glucose-6-phosphatase in liver, G6PC1, has a major role in whole-body glucose homeostasis, whereas G6PC3 is widely distributed among organs but has poorly-understood functions. A recent, elegant analysis of neutrophil dysfunction in G6PC3-deficient patients revealed G6PC3 is a neutrophil metabolite repair enzyme that hydrolyzes 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate, a toxic metabolite derived from a glucose analog present in food. These patients exhibit a spectrum of phenotypic characteristics and some have learning disabilities, revealing a potential linkage between cognitive processes and G6PC3 activity. Previously-debated and discounted functions for brain G6PC3 include causing an ATP-consuming futile cycle that interferes with metabolic brain imaging assays and a nutritional role involving astrocyte-neuron glucose-lactate trafficking. Detailed analysis of the anhydroglucitol literature reveals that it competes with glucose for transport into brain, is present in human cerebrospinal fluid, and is phosphorylated by hexokinase. Anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate is present in rodent brain and other organs where its accumulation can inhibit hexokinase by competition with ATP. Calculated hexokinase inhibition indicates that energetics of brain and erythrocytes would be more adversely affected by anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate accumulation than heart. These findings strongly support the paradigm-shifting hypothesis that brain G6PC3 removes a toxic metabolite, thereby maintaining brain glucose metabolism- and ATP-dependent functions, including cognitive processes.
Resolution Status and Age as Moderators for Interpersonal Everyday Stress and Stressor-Related Affect.

Objectives To examine stressor characteristics (i.e., stressor resolution) and individual differences (i.e., age) as moderators of affective reactivity and residue associated with everyday interpersonal stressors, including arguments and avoided arguments. Method A sample of 2,022 individuals participated in the second wave of the National Study of Daily Experiences (Meanage=56.25, Range=33-84). Over eight consecutive evenings, participants completed the Daily Inventory of Stressful Experiences and self-report measures of stressor resolution status and daily negative and positive affect. Using multilevel modeling we examined whether increased in daily negative affect and decreases in daily positive affect associated with arguments and avoided arguments occurring the same day (i.e., reactivity) or the day before (i.e., residue) differed depending on resolution of the interpersonal stressor. We further examined whether such stressor resolution effects were moderated by age. Results Resolution significantly dampened NA and PA reactivity and residue associated with arguments, NA reactivity associated with avoided arguments (ps .05). Discussion Unresolved everyday arguments and avoided arguments are differentially potent in terms of affective reactivity and residue, suggesting resolution may be crucial in emotional down-regulation. Future work should focus on exploring resolution of other everyday stressors to garner a comprehensive understanding of what characteristics impact stressor-affect associations and for whom.
OpenGraphGym-MG: Using Reinforcement Learning to Solve Large Graph Optimization Problems on MultiGPU Systems.

Large scale graph optimization problems arise in many fields. This paper presents an extensible, high performance framework (named OpenGraphGym-MG) that uses deep reinforcement learning and graph embedding to solve large graph optimization problems with multiple GPUs. The paper uses a common RL algorithm (deep Q-learning) and a representative graph embedding (structure2vec) to demonstrate the extensibility of the framework and, most importantly, to illustrate the novel optimization techniques, such as spatial parallelism, graph-level and node-level batched processing, distributed sparse graph storage, efficient parallel RL training and inference algorithms, repeated gradient descent iterations, and adaptive multiple-node selections. This study performs a comprehensive performance analysis on parallel efficiency and memory cost that proves the parallel RL training and inference algorithms are efficient and highly scalable on a number of GPUs. This study also conducts a range of large graph experiments, with both generated graphs (over 30 million edges) and real-world graphs, using a single compute node (with six GPUs) of the Summit supercomputer. Good scalability in both RL training and inference is achieved: as the number of GPUs increases from one to six, the time of a single step of RL training and a single step of RL inference on large graphs with more than 30 million edges, is reduced from 316.4s to 54.5s, and 23.8s to 3.4s, respectively. The research results on a single node lay out a solid foundation for the future work to address graph optimization problems with a large number of GPUs across multiple nodes in the Summit.
Promoting sense of community in an early childhood care and education consortium

Continued professional development is important for promoting quality early childhood care and education (ECE) programs. One approach to fulfill this need for professional development is through th...
Deadband Voltage Control and Power Buffering for Extreme Fast Charging Station

Voltage fluctuation is one of the most common challenges that electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) may introduce to the power grid. Local reactive power compensation (Q-compensation) capability of bi-directional electric vehicle (EV) chargers can mitigate the steady-state voltage violations caused by the EV charging itself or changes in the neighboring loads. Power buffering, using energy storage system (ESS), can be utilized to address the voltage transients (sags and swells) as a result of EV charging at the EVCS. To address PI controller’s ‘hunting’ issue, this paper proposes a Q-sign triggered deadband voltage control (V-control) method at the point of common coupling (PCC). In addition, to ensure the ramp rate of EV charging is within the allowable limits set forth by the grid code, a ramp rate control is proposed that uses the ESS as a ‘power buffer’. Lastly, different from most reported work in the literature where no explicit limit of the power electronic converters (PECs) is considered, this work considers a reasonable apparent power capacity limit of the PECs when achieving the V-control. This limit also affects the amount of active power that can be obtained from the grid, and subsequently may require ESS to function as ‘load sharing’ device to provide supplemental active power to satisfy EV load. A case study simulated in MATLAB (interfaced with PLECS) is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches for EVCS operation.
Modeling Local Coronavirus Outbreaks.

Abstract This article presents an overview of methods developed for the modeling and control of local coronavirus outbreaks. The article reviews early transmission dynamics featuring exponential growth in infections, and links this to a renewal epidemic model where the current incidence of infection depends upon the expected value of incidence randomly lagged into the past. This leads directly to simple formulas for the fraction of the population infected in an unmitigated outbreak, and reveals herd immunity as the solution to an optimization problem. The model also leads to direct and easy-to-understand formulas for aligning observable epidemic indicators such as cases, hospitalizations and deaths with the unobservable incidence of infection, and as a byproduct leads to a simple first-order approach for estimating the effective reproduction number R t . The model also leads naturally to direct assessments of the effectiveness of isolation in preventing the spread of infection. This is illustrated with application to repeat asymptomatic screening programs of the sort utilized by universities, sports teams and businesses to prevent the spread of infection.
Use of the Pyrimidine Analog, 5-Iodo-2'-Deoxyuridine (IdU) with Cell Cycle Markers to establish Cell Cycle Phases in a Mass Cytometry Platform.

The regulation of cell cycle phase is an important aspect of cellular proliferation and homeostasis. Disruption of the regulatory mechanisms governing the cell cycle is a feature of a number of diseases, including cancer. Study of the cell cycle necessitates the ability to define the number of cells in each portion of cell cycle progression as well as to clearly delineate between each cell cycle phase. The advent of mass cytometry (MCM) provides tremendous potential for high throughput single cell analysis through direct measurements of elemental isotopes, and the development of a method to measure the cell cycle state by MCM further extends the utility of MCM. Here we describe a method that directly measures 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IdU), similar to 5-bromo-2´-deoxyuridine (BrdU), in an MCM system. Use of this IdU-based MCM provides several advantages. First, IdU is rapidly incorporated into DNA during its synthesis, allowing reliable measurement of cells in the S-phase with incubations as short as 10-15 minutes. Second, IdU is measured without the need for secondary antibodies or the need for DNA degradation. Third, IdU staining can be easily combined with measurement of cyclin B1, phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb), and phosphorylated histone H3 (pHH3), which collectively provides clear delineation of the five cell cycle phases. Combination of these cell cycle markers with the high number of parameters possible with MCM allow combination with numerous other metrics.
Section Handbook for Implementation of Manual 55

The Committee on Employment Conditions of ASCE has prepared a comprehensive Section Handbook for the Implementation of Guidelines to Employment Conditions for Civil Engineers Manual 55. The Implementation Handbook contains examples of the successful local Section employment conditions activities in its appendices.
The Responsibility of the Physical Educator for Health Instruction

(1961). The Responsibility of the Physical Educator for Health Instruction. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 32-70.
Chapter 74 – Data Management Challenges in Very Large Enterprises

Publisher Summary While data management and data storage technologies continue to make impressive advances, there is only so much they can do in the face of the predicted growth rates. Very large enterprises are attempting to identify and address the drivers of data growth. A leading candidate is integration. Recent analyst studies conclude that over 40% of IT budgets are devoted to the integration of new and existing systems and databases. Technology advances often manifest in new systems and databases rather than in improvements and enhancements to existing systems. Solution providers continue to offer significant advances to deal with specific data storage and data management problems (for example, availability, robustness, performance) and are beginning to turn their attention to the integration challenge.
Personal relationships in everyday life

This article summarizes work on personal relationships from its beginnings in ‘attraction’ through the consideration of infant attachment systems and their influence on later romantic and other attachments to the maintenance and conduct of relationships in the actual practical circumstances of real life daily conversations. The emphasis of the analysis is on the move away from what is inside people's heads to the way that such information goes out into the minds of others through the expressions of daily talk, routine, and behavior that indicate to observers what the speaker is thinking. The psychological model that is based on the assumption that the mere existence of similarity, attachment style, compassion, intimate feelings, or desire is enough for them to have an effect on personal relationships misses the point that communication practices are an essential feature of that operation.
Effect of Reversible Inhibition of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis on the Yeast Cell Cycle

Hydroxyurea (HU) preferentially inhibited deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Growth, ribonucleic acid synthesis, and protein synthesis were less sensitive to this drug. Upon addition of HU, cells underwent one cycle of budding and the nuclei migrated into the necks between the mother cells and buds. Neither the nucleus nor the cells divided. Removal of HU allowed immediate resumption of DNA synthesis. Nuclear division, budding, and cell division occurred 1.5, 2, and 4 hr, respectively, after HU was removed. If protein synthesis was blocked at the time HU was removed, budding and cell division did not occur. These results were interpreted to indicate that HU prevents accumulation of the potential to initiate a new cell cycle. Images
The Limits to Growth and Global Catastrophe Revisited

The possibility of extinguishing species by human action underlies the biggest fear of all, that the species we extinguish may be ourselves. To the extent that we are dependent on the biosphere, a major collapse of other species could be the trigger for our collapse, a forecast made by the most pessimistic of analysts (Meadows, Meadows, Randers, and Behrens, 1972).
Overexpression of a Novel Sorting Nexin, SNX15, Affects Endosome Morphology and Protein Trafficking

Sorting nexin (SNX) 15 is a novel member of the SNX family of proteins. Although the functions of most SNXs have not yet been determined, several family members (e.g., SNX1, SNX2, SNX3, and SNX8) are orthologs of yeast proteins involved in protein trafficking. Overexpression of myc-tagged SNX15 in COS-7 cells altered the morphology of several endosomal compartments. In transient transfection experiments, myc-SNX15 was first seen in small punctate spots and small ring structures. Later, myc-SNX15 was found in larger rings. Finally, myc-SNX15 was observed in large, amorphous membrane-limited structures. These structures contained proteins from lysosomes, late endosomes, early endosomes, and the trans-Golgi network. However, the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi was not affected by overexpression of myc-SNX15. In myc-SNX15-overexpressing cells, the endocytosis of transferrin was severely inhibited and endocytosis of tac-trans-Golgi network (TGN) 38 and tac-furin was slowed. In addition, the recycling of internalized tac-TGN38 and tac-furin was also inhibited. Both the morphological and biochemical data indicate that SNX15 plays a crucial role in trafficking through the endocytic pathway. This is the first demonstration that a mammalian SNX protein is involved in protein trafficking.
Hands-on electromagnetics: microstrip circuit and antenna design laboratories at USU

New laboratories for microstrip circuit and antenna design have been developed at Utah State University. These laboratories are used to provide hands-on design, fabrication, and testing experience in two senior/graduate level design courses-ECE 6130 Microwave Engineering and ECE 6170 Antenna Design. HP/EESOF Libra software and other available software is used heavily throughout these courses. New facilities for fabrication and testing have been developed, including a low-cost holder for connection of microstrip circuits to the network analyzer, use of an LPKF circuit-board mill to mill circuits, and simple methods to prototype designs using copper tape. Tutorials to quickly teach the students to use the HP/EESOF Libra software and HP measuring equipment are available on the Web. The laboratory exercises, design of the low-cost holder, tutorials, and examples of completed student design projects are available on the Web.
Milk in the Data: Food Security Impacts from a Livestock Field Experiment in Zambia

Summary Smallholder livestock ownership has potential to enhance food security by raising incomes of the poor and by increasing the availability of nutrient-dense foods. This paper exploits the staggered rollout of livestock distribution by Heifer International in Zambia to identify the effects of livestock using statistically similar treatment and control groups in a balanced panel of households. Results indicate that livestock ownership improves dietary diversity through both direct consumption of animal products produced on farm and through increased consumption expenditures. Further results indicate that expanded livestock ownership alters the local food economy to influence food consumption by households lacking farm animals.
Smoking Cessation Programs for Seniors:A Group Model That Works

We describe an intensive group program for older adults, facilitated by a tobacco cessation specialist and a geriatric social worker, designed to focus on factors that maintain smoking behavior. Integral components dealt with issues specific to the older adult such as social isolation or economic need. Pharmacological therapy was provided. Participants with a mean age of 67 years who smoked an average of 19 cigarettes per day completed the program. Sixty-six percent of participants had been treated or were in treatment for depression and/or anxiety. Follow-up was completed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. The cessation rate across follow-up points was 68%. This program shows that older adults can maintain smoking cessation when provided with programs designed to address their issues.
LAMBDA CIN-1, A NEW MUTATION WHICH ENHANCES LYSOGENIZATION BY BACTERIOPHAGE LAMBDA, AND THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF THE LAMBDA CY REGION

Seven lambda cy mutants have been mapped within a small region located approximately halfway between the rightward boundary of the imm434 region and the lambda cII gene. The seven mutants lie at four sites separated by a total distance of about 12 nucleotide pairs, as estimated from recombination frequencies. Six of the seven mutants lie on the right side of the cy fine structure map, spanning a total distance of about 3–5 nucleotide pairs. Lying approximately 11–21 nucleotide pairs to the left of the leftmost cy mutant is a newly described mutation called cin-1, for c independent. The cin-1 mutation allows some lysogenization when coupled with any cy, cII or cIII mutant, but not when coupled with a defective cI gene. The cin-1 mutation, like cy mutants, has a cis-dominant action upon the cI gene in mixed infections. The observation that λimm434 cin-1 cy2001 lysogenizes efficiently, but not λimm434 cin-1 cy2001 cII68 nor any other λimm434 cin-1 cy derivative, is interpreted to mean that all of the cy mutants on the right side of the cy fine structure map inactivate a binding site for cII/cIII function, but that cy2001, the single mutant on the left side of the cy fine structure map, does not inactivate that binding site.
Adaptive optics optical coherence tomography for measuring phase and reflectance dynamics of photoreceptors

Optical coherence tomography with adaptive optics (AO-OCT) is a noninvasive method for imaging the living retina at the microscopic level. We used AO-OCT technology to follow changes in cone photoreceptor outer segment (OS) length and reflectance. To substantially increase sensitivity of the length measurements, a novel phase retrieval technique was demonstrated, capable of detecting changes on a nanometer scale. We acquired volume videos of 0.65°x0.65° retinal patches at 1.5° temporal to the fovea over 75 and 105 minutes in two subjects. Volumes were dewarped and registered, after which the cone intensity, OS length, and referenced phase difference were tracked over time. The reflections from inner segment/OS junction (IS/OS) and posterior tips of OS (PT) showed significant intensity variations over time. In contrast, the OS length as measured from the intensity images did not change, indicative of a highly stable OS length at least down to the level of the system's axial resolution (3μm). Smaller axial changes, however, were detected with our phase retrieval technique. Specifically, the PT-IS/OS phase difference for the same cones showed significant variation, suggesting real sub-wavelength changes in OS length of 125±46 nm/hr for the 22 cones followed. We believe these length changes are due to the normal renewal process of the cone OS that elongate the OS at a rate of about 100 nm/hr. The phase difference measurements were strongly correlated among Alines within the same cone (0.65 radians standard deviation) corresponding to a length sensitivity of 31 nm, or ~100 times smaller than the axial resolution of our system.
Exogoninae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from the Belizean barrier reef with a key to species of Sphaerosyllis

Twelve species of the syllid subfamily Exogoninae belonging to the genera Brania, Exogone, Plakosyllis, and Sphaerosyllis are newly recorded from Twin Cays, Belize. All material was collected from benthic mangrove, algal and seagrass habitats. Descriptions with illustrations are provided for eight species. The descriptions of the holotype of Exogone lourei Berkeley and Berkeley, 1938; E. occidentalis Westheide, 1974, and Sphaerosyllis bilobata Perkins, 1981, are emended. A key to all species of Sphaerosyllis known from Belize is provided.