cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The origins of Locke's doctrine of primary and secondary qualities

Publication of the first edition of John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding was completed in 1689, but those volumes did not contain Locke's earliest treatment of the problem of the extent of human knowledge. He apparently became interested in the problem in 1671, for he wrote in the spring of that year a comparatively short treatment of it, and later in the same year a somewhat longer essay in which he seems to try to amend deficiencies in parts of the earlier one. These two essays are now called "Draft A" and "Draft B" of the Essay; I shall refer to them as "the early drafts of the Essay". In the years from 1671 to 1689, Locke continued to work on the problem as his time allowed. In 1685 we know that he worked out a fairly lengthy account. Part of it is available to us and is called "Draft C".1
Lysine Addressability and Mammalian Cell Interactions of Bacteriophage λ Procapsids

Chemically or genetically modified virus particles, termed viral nanoparticles (VNPs), are being explored in applications such as drug delivery, vaccine development, and materials science. Each virus platform has inherent properties and advantages based on its structure, molecular composition, and biomolecular interactions. Bacteriophage λ was studied for its lysine addressability, stability, cellular uptake, and the ability to modify its cellular uptake. λ procapsids could be labeled primarily at a single residue on the gpE capsid protein as determined by tandem mass spectrometry, providing a unique attachment site for further capsid modification. Bioconjugation of transferrin to the procapsids mediated specific interaction with transferrin receptor-expressing cells. These studies demonstrate the utility of bacteriophage λ procapsids and their potential use as targeted drug delivery vehicles.
Credit, Liquidity and the Cross Section of Stock Returns

I present empirical evidence that the TED spread is a priced risk factor in the cross sectional stock returns. Stocks with higher exposure to the change in the TED spread require higher returns, and the value weighted return difference between the high sensitivity portfolio and the low sensitivity portfolio is a significant 6.6% annually. The TED factor exercises better forecasting ability within the non-crisis periods and big stocks. My result provides further empirical support for Garleanu and Pedersen (2011) margin based asset pricing model, in which margin requirement captures the asset’s exposure to the shadow cost of the inter bank borrowing (the TED spread), and stocks with higher exposure require a higher return premium, in addition to their exposures to the conventional systematic risk factors.
Evidence for an atrial natriuretic peptide-like gene in plants.

The presence of a gene found in the animal kingdom expressing a peptide hormonal system in plants has never been demonstrated. However, there is at least one potential hormonal system in plants (i.e., the atrial natriuretic peptide–-like hormonal system) based upon high-performance gel permeation chromatography and radioimmunoassay evidence. In plants, atrial natriuretic–like peptides enhance the flow of water up stems to leaves and flowers. The present investigation was designed to determine within plants the presence of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene as defined by Southern blot hydridization, indicating the presence of the ANP gene sequence, and by Northern blots assessing the ability of this gene to express ANP prohormone mRNA. Southern blots of English ivy (Hedra helix) genomic DNA revealed that the ANP gene sequence was present in its roots, stems, and leaves. Northern blot analysis of total plant RNA isolated from leaves, roots, and stems of Hedra helix revealed a single 0.85-kilobase pro...
Testing pulmonary function in the office and community hospital.

Waterless spirometers are relatively inexpensive and simple to use, and results are easy to interpret. These factors permit physicians to routinely measure pulmonary function in the office and thereby detect unsuspected subclinical disease. To estimate function in patients with more advanced disease or respiratory failure, blood gas tests are usually needed. These tests are available in most community hospitals.
Comparison of two methods for the detection of HIV-1 infection, trace of infection routes and death of newly infected patients in Yuxi,Yunnan

Objective To compare two methods for the detection of HIV-1 infection to determine the newly infected and to trace the infection routes and death of those newly infected patients.Methods The ML-PA and BED-CEIA HIV-1 for newly infection testing were used to detect HIV-1 among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Yuxi from 2006 to 2011.Results Out of 2 018 newly reported HIV/AIDS cases,64 were found positive by ML-PA testing with the positive rate of 3.17%(95% CI: 2.41-5.58%),and 3 patients died which accounted for 4.69%(95% CI: 4.17-5.29%).Among them,2 died from infection with sexual transmission and the other died from infection by drug abuse.However,there were 35 positive out of 388 newly reported patients with the positive rate of 9.02%(95% CI: 6.17-15.19%),and 2 died which accounted for 4.69%(95% CI:4.17-5.29%).Both died from infection with heterosexual transmission.Conclusions The median survival time of newly infected HIV-1 patients both by sexual transmission and drug use is longer than 2 years concluded by the testing of ML-PA and BED-CEIA.
Ramucirumab: A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 inhibitor with activity in several malignancies.

Purpose The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, dosage and administration, current and potential roles in therapy, and cost considerations of ramucirumab are reviewed. Summary Ramucirumab is a recombinant monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. Ramucirumab has been approved for the treatment of gastric cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and metastatic colorectal cancer. Ramucirumab displays similar pharmacokinetics in patients with gastric cancer, NSCLC, and metastatic colorectal cancer. The most common adverse effects of any grade with ramucirumab monotherapy included fatigue, decreased appetite, abdominal pain, hypertension, anemia, hemorrhage, and diarrhea. For ramucirumab monotherapy in patients with gastric cancer, ramucirumab 8 mg/kg should be administered by i.v. infusion every two weeks. For combination therapy, ramucirumab should be administered at the same dose with weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days. When treating NSCLC, the recommended ramucirumab dose is 10 mg/kg i.v. with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 every 21 days. For combination therapy with FOLFIRI (fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan) for metastatic colorectal cancer, ramucirumab 8 mg/kg should be administered by i.v. infusion every two weeks. The average wholesale prices of ramucirumab are $1224 and $6120 for the 100- and 500-mg single-dose vials, respectively. Conclusion Ramucirumab has demonstrated benefit in a variety of cancers, supporting the role of antiangiogenic agents in the management of malignancies. However, the clinical benefit in certain malignancies may be offset by the high cost of ramucirumab and the duration of treatment.
Chapter 29 – Cytolytic Assays

This chapter provides an overview of cytolytic assays. Cytolytic pathways, although capable of mediating the extrinsic pathway, are primarily induced through perforin-mediated delivery of granzymes. The earliest means to assess cytotoxicity were those related to trypan blue exclusion of nonviable cells and projection of a microscopic field onto a screen for direct visual counting. These were supplanted by a variety of radioactive and fluorescent strategies to facilitate higher throughput and accuracy. The chromium release microcytotoxicity assay (CRA) is the standard and most frequently used assay for assessment of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. “Europium release assay” is sensitive and specific and performs well with nonadherent tumor cell targets. Additional advantages are the reduced health risk and radioactive waste and lower cost per assay. The “MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol.2-YL)-2,5-dipheyltetrazolium bromide) assay” relies on the cellular reduction of tetrazolium salts to their formazan crystals. The advantages of the MTT assay include ease and rapidity of performance, reproducibility of the results, and observed clinical correlation between in vitro and in vivo testing. Because of the disadvantages of CRAs, a number of flow cytometry based killing assays are developed. In most of these assays, target cells are stained with individual markers and after incubation with effector cells, target cell lysis is measured.
Electromagnetic Time Dilation and Contraction, and a Geometrodynamic Foundation of Classical and Quantum Electrodynamics

We summarize how the Lorentz Force motion observed in classical electrodynamics may be understood as geodesic motion derived by minimizing the variation of the proper time along the worldlines of test charges in external potentials, while the spacetime metric remains invariant under, and all other fields in spacetime remain independent of, any rescaling, i.e., re-gauging of the charge-to-mass ratio q/m. In order for this to occur, time is dilated or contracted due to repulsive and attractive electromagnetic interactions respectively, in very much the same way that time is dilated due to relative motion in special relativity and due to gravitational fields in general relativity, without contradicting the well-corroborated experimental content of standard electrodynamic theory and both special and general relativity. As such, it becomes possible to lay an entirely geometrodynamic foundation for classical electrodynamics in four spacetime dimensions, in which mechanical motions and objects are merely promoted into canonical motions and objects in accordance with well-established local symmetry principles. Further, when we consider the self-interactions of individual leptons understood to be responsible for the magnetic moment anomalies, and upon identifying a universal relation between time and energy whereby all forms of energy dilate (or contract) time regardless of their kinetic or interaction origin, it is shown how these magnetic moment anomalies which are quintessential hallmarks of quantum field theory, both measure and empirically validate electromagnetic time dilation, and are a direct and immediate consequence of local abelian and non-abelian gauge symmetries.
Significance of, and Difficulty in Diagnosing, Erythropoietin Deficiency in Sickle Cell Anemia

The clinical diagnosis of erythropoietin deficiency is usually prompted by new onset anemia on a background of elevated serum creatinine, and is then confirmed by measurement of serum erythropoietin. In patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA), who are already anemic, and in whom base-line creatinine and erythropoietin levels tend to run low, it is easy to miss this diagnosis. We demonstrate the clinical significance of erythropoietin deficiency in SCA and suggest alternative criteria for considering this diagnosis. Compensatory reticulocytosis maintains hemoglobin levels compatible with life in the chronic hemolytic anemia of SCA. Relative reticulocytopenia (RR) has been defined by the Multi-Center Study of Hydroxyurea Follow-Up Study (MSH-FU) as reticulocytes 9 /L despite hemoglobin SCA causes multi-organ damage, therefore, RR could result from decreased bone marrow function, from renal damage causing a decrease in erythropoietin levels, or from both processes. In univariate analyses, RR was significantly associated with thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria (p Importantly, the erythropoietin/reticulocyte ratios that implicated erythropoietin deficiency in the etiology of RR were mostly noted in patients who did not meet standard clinical definitions of chronic renal failure: 1.1 or calculated creatinine clearance In conclusion, RR in adult SCA is not associated with more frequent vaso-occlusive crises but nonetheless has a major association with mortality. An important and potentially correctable cause of RR is erythropoietin deficiency, which can be diagnosed in patients with early renal damage manifest by proteinuria but without azotemia. This sub-set of SCA patients requires more study, including evaluation for the causes of death, and the possible benefits of erythropoietin replacement therapy, using end-point criteria such as survival or progression of chronic organ damage (for eg., left-ventricular dysfunction) rather than vaso-occlusive crisis frequency.
Toughening of fibrous scaffolds by mobile mineral deposits.

Abstract Partially mineralized fibrous tissue situated between tendon and bone is believed to be tougher than either tendon or bone, possibly serving as a compliant, energy absorptive, protective barrier between the two. This tissue does not reform following surgical repair (e.g., rotator cuff tendon-to-bone re-attachment) and might be a factor in the poor outcomes following such surgeries. Towards our long-term goal of tissue engineered solutions to functional tendon-to-bone re-attachment, we tested the hypotheses that partially mineralized fibrous matrices can derive toughness from mobility of mineral along their fibers, and that in such cases toughness is maximized at levels of mineralization sufficiently low to allow substantial mobility. Nanofibrous electrospun poly(lactic–co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds mineralized for prescribed times were fabricated as model systems to test these hypotheses. Tensile tests performed at varying angles relative to the dominant fiber direction confirmed that mineral cross-linked PLGA nanofibers without adhering to them. Peel tests revealed that fracture toughness increased with mineralization time up to a peak value, then subsequently decreased with increasing mineralization time back to the baseline toughness of unmineralized scaffolds. These experimental results were predicted by a theoretical model combining mineral growth kinetics with fracture energetics, suggesting that toughness increased with mineralization time until mineral mobility was attenuated by steric hindrance, then returned to baseline levels following the rigid percolation threshold. Results supported our hypotheses, and motivate further study of the roles of mobile mineral particles in toughening the tendon-to-bone attachment. Statement of significance Effective surgical repair of interfaces between tendon and bone remains an unmet clinical need, in part due to a lack of understanding of how toughness is achieved in the healthy tissue. Using combined synthesis, experiment, and modeling approaches, the current work supported the hypothesis that toughening of a fibrous scaffold arises from brittle mineral particles that crosslink the fibers, but only if the particles are free to slide relative to the fibers. In the case of the tendon-to-bone interface, this suggests that partially mineralized tissue between tendon and bone, with mobile mineral but relatively low stiffness, may serve as a compliant, energy-absorbing barrier that guards against injury. These results suggest an opportunity for fabrication of tough and strong fibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
Critique [of Oral Traditions Under Threat: The Australian Aboriginal Experience by Christine Morris]

In her essay, Christine Morris addresses an important topic in the study of ethnic relations: the relationship between the written word and the oral tradition. She points out that studies often concentrate on the economic and social effects that the written tradition has on oral cultures; however, the ethics of this process has been ignored in research. Morris examines this aspect of the relationship and argues that the replacement of the oral tradition with the written word is a continuation of western chauvinism that has been the basis of the European conquest of aboriginal cultures in the world. The replacement of the oral with the written is thus a form of colonialism — although very subtle — in its argument to protect and save oral traditions for posterity. But the written word can only supplement the oral tradition; it cannot — and it should not — supplant orality.
Attitudes Toward the Utes Nickname and Logo

Sports teams with American Indian (AI) nicknames and logos have encountered controversy over the last 30 years, experiencing backlash attributed to their negative cultural and societal effects. Discussion of the acceptability of these symbols and images has been particularly persistent at schools that use AI nicknames or logos. At the University of Utah (UofU), rhetorical analysis of the use of the Utes nickname and logo have been conducted. The present work adds to existing scholarship by employing quantitative data to examine peopleâ€™s attitudes toward the Utes nickname and logo. Specifically, we conduct a survey to assess individual attitudes on campus toward an array of AI cultural issues and concerns. As many concerns about the use of AI imagery and culture arise in the context of athletics, we also examined perceptions toward AI culture in these settings. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Using a Service-Learning Course to Reinforce the Three Pillars of Sustainability

AbstractService-learning courses at the university level provide a unique opportunity for students to learn about sustainability. The senior-level and graduate-level elective course Service-Learnin...
Which Beliefs Matter for Redistributive Politics? Target-Specific versus General Beliefs About the Causes of Income

People support more redistribution from the rich to the poor if they believe that poverty and wealth are caused by exogenous factors rather than factors under volitional control. However, previous research tells us little, if anything, about what types of beliefs about causes of income matter most. This paper i) introduces a distinction between general beliefs about causes of income (which characterize the whole economy) and target-specific beliefs about causes of income (which characterize specific social categories that are affected by a redistributive policy), ii) analyzes the effects of target-specific beliefs on individual demands for redistribution in a model of inequity aversion, and iii) uses data from a 1998 Gallup Organization survey and the General Social Survey to show that target-specific beliefs have much larger effects on support for redistribution than general beliefs.
Prebiotic RNA Network Formation: A Taxonomy of Molecular Cooperation

Cooperation is essential for evolution of biological complexity. Recent work has shown game theoretic arguments, commonly used to model biological cooperation, can also illuminate the dynamics of chemical systems. Here we investigate the types of cooperation possible in a real RNA system based on the Azoarcus ribozyme, by constructing a taxonomy of possible cooperative groups. We construct a computational model of this system to investigate the features of the real system promoting cooperation. We find triplet interactions among genotypes are intrinsically biased towards cooperation due to the particular distribution of catalytic rate constants measured empirically in the real system. For other distributions cooperation is less favored. We discuss implications for understanding cooperation as a driver of complexification in the origin of life.
Supporting the family left behind – Loss of a child to congenital heart disease

Abstract Congenital heart disease is a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Advances in medical and surgical therapies for children with congenital heart disease have both prolonged and enhanced the lives of children and their families affected by congenital and acquired heart disease. While many of these children will ultimately lead happy and productive lives, a significant proportion of this patient population will succumb to their disease. This paper will briefly highlight the incidence and outcomes of congenital heart disease as well as provide an in-depth review of techniques, such as hospital-based bereavement programs, for supporting the families of those children who do not survive.
Microcomputer Simulated Psychiatric Interviews Used as a Teaching Aid

A microcomputer was programmed to teach psychiatric residents and medical students basic psychiatric knowledge using short simulated patient interviews. The computer functions both as a “patient” responding to the trainee’s questions and as a “supervisor” commenting after each interchange. A description of a typical program is given with an enumeration of the educational objectives, techniques and advantages of this teaching modality. An evaluation of trainee reactions to using the computer simulation, specific advantages of using the newly available microcomputers and a sample run of an interview program are included.
Minimally Invasive Bilateral Anterior Cingulotomy via Open Minicraniotomy Using a Novel Multiport Cisternoscope: A Cadaveric Demonstration

BACKGROUND Bilateral anterior cingulotomy has been used to treat chronic pain, obsessive compulsive disorder, and addictions. Lesioning of the target area is typically performed using bilateral stereotactic electrode placement and target ablation, which involves transparenchymal access through both hemispheres. OBJECTIVE To evaluate an endoscopic direct-vision lesioning using a unilateral parasagittal minicraniotomy for minimally invasive bilateral anterior cingulotomy using a novel multiport endoscope through the anterior interhemispheric fissure. METHODS A novel multiport magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible neuroendoscope prototype is used to demonstrate cadaveric cingulate lesioning through a lateral imaging port while simultaneously viewing the pericallosal arteries as landmarks through a tip imaging port. The lateral port enables extended lesioning of the gyrus while rotation of the endoscope about its axis provides access to homologous areas of both hemispheres. RESULTS Cadaver testing confirmed the capability to navigate the multiport neuroendoscope between the hemispheres using concurrent imaging from the tip and lateral ports. The lateral port enabled exploration of the gyrus, visualization of lesioning, and subsequent inspection of lesions. Tip-port imaging provided navigational cues and allowed the operator to ensure that the endoscope tip did not contact tissue. The multiport design required instrument rotation in the coronal plane of only 20° to lesion both gyri, while a standard endoscope necessitated a rotation of 54°. CONCLUSION Multiport MRI-compatible endoscopy can be effectively used in cisternal endoscopy, whereby a unilateral parasagittal minicraniotomy can be used for endoscopic interhemispheric bilateral anterior cingulotomy.
The System of Cities in an Economy

This chapter discusses the system of cities in an economy. It describes a general equilibrium model of a static system of cities. The chapter discusses the economic agents in the model and the nature of their behavior so as to determine what elements must be incorporated into a model of cities. In the model, there are two basic groups of people, laborers and capital owners, whose decisions help determine city size. Laborers choose a city to live in from among the existing and potential cities of the economy, and, thus, through their location decisions they help determine city sizes. In picking a city in which to live, laborers examine the income, commuting costs, and housing prices associated with different cities and pick the city that offers them the highest utility level. Capital owners choose how much to invest in different cities and, thus, through their investment decisions they help determine city capital stocks and influence city populations.
Tensile properties of free films cast from aqueous ethylcellulose dispersions.

Free films of two commercially available formulations of aqueous ethylcellulose dispersion differing only in plasticizer content (Surelease/E-7-7050 without silica and E-7-7060 containing dibutyl sebacate and glyceryl tricaprylate/caprate as plasticizers, respectively) were cast and coalesced at temperatures ranging between 30 and 70°C. Mechanical properties of these films were measured using tensile stress analysis. Three mechanical parameters, namely, tensile strength, work of failure, and elastic modulus, were computed from the load-time profiles of these films. The results showed that the tensile strength and elastic modulus values of the films cast from both formulations increased with the corresponding increase in coalescence temperature up to 60°C, beyond which no significant differences were observed. In the case of work of failure, however, the difference between the two formulations was observed above 60°C. The films cast from Surelease/E-7-7050 formulation without silica (dibutyl sebacate as the plasticizer) were relatively softer than those from Surelease/E-7-7060 formulation (glyceryl tricaprylate/caprate as the plasticizer). At coalescence temperatures above 50°C, the films cast from both formulations exhibited temperature-dependent plastic deformation.
Rethinking management group projects with the adaptive leadership model: The lesson is the process

AbstractStudents routinely take part in group assignments, but many faculty fail to provide a supportive work environment. The author argues the value of team building and introduces a conceptual f...
Explanationist Evidentialism: A Defense

In this chapter I defend Explanationist Evidentialism, the theory developed and argued for in Evidentialism and Epistemic Justification, from the objections raised by Richard Fumerton, Jonathan Kvanvig, and Matthias Steup. Ultimately, I conclude that although each of these philosophers presents interesting challenges, none of the challenges succeed in undermining Explanationist Evidentialism. It remains a viable theory of epistemic justification:
Betraying Women in the Name of Revolution: Violence Against Women as an Obstacle to Democratic Nation-Building in South Africa

This Article addresses a striking contradiction concerning the status of women in post-apartheid South Africa. Since the African National Congress' ("ANC") rise to power in 1994, women's formal legal rights have increased measurably. The final constitution enacted in 1996, its predecessor in 1993, as well as ANC statements, reveal a commitment to gender equality. Women have gained political visibility in Parliament and through the growth of their own political organizations. However, the gap between political visibility and material well-being is troubling. Even as women have ostensibly gained political power, they have, nonetheless, lost ground in daily life. This Article focuses particularly on how the epidemic of violence against women in South Africa highlights a marked contrast between the apparent rise of women's political and legal power and the decline in their social power. This Article discusses violence against women in the context of post-apartheid South Africa's new nation-building project. This Article also questions the integrity of a project which, despite its stated commitment to equality and unity, allows such violence to go unaddressed, thus prohibiting women from claiming a place in the new democracy. However, while the stark contrast between South Africa's democracy-building project and the violence against women crisis has been eloquently discussed by others, this Article is primarily concerned with exploring how the violence crisis exemplifies the ideological tensions between nationalist and gender-based political projects and underscores the need for a more unified feminist-nationalist understanding of nation-building as applied to South Africa and more generally.
Associations between intimate partner violence profiles and mental health among low-income, urban pregnant adolescents.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and child health outcomes, including poor mental health. Previous IPV research has largely focused on women’s victimization experiences; however, evidence suggests young women may be more likely to engage in bilateral violence (report both victimization and perpetration) or perpetrate IPV (unilateral perpetration) during pregnancy than to report being victimized (unilateral victimization). This study examined prevalence of unilateral victimization, unilateral perpetration, and bilateral violence, and the association between these IPV profiles and mental health outcomes during pregnancy among young, low-income adolescents. Survey data were collected from 930 adolescents (14–21 years; 95.4% Black and Latina) from fourteen Community Health Centers and hospitals in New York City during second and third trimester of pregnancy. Multivariable regression models tested the association between IPV profiles and prenatal depression, anxiety, and distress, adjusting for known predictors of psychological morbidity. Thirty-eight percent of adolescents experienced IPV during their third trimester of pregnancy. Of these, 13% were solely victims, 35% were solely perpetrators, and 52% were engaged in bilateral violence. All women with violent IPV profiles had significantly higher odds of having depression and anxiety compared to individuals reporting no IPV. Adolescents experiencing bilateral violence had nearly 4-fold higher odds of depression (OR = 3.52, 95% CI: 2.43, 5.09) and a nearly 5-fold increased likelihood of anxiety (OR = 4.98, 95% CI: 3.29, 7.55). Unilateral victims and unilateral perpetrators were also at risk for adverse mental health outcomes, with risk of depression and anxiety two- to three-fold higher, compared to pregnant adolescents who report no IPV. Prenatal distress was higher among adolescents who experienced bilateral violence (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.94, 4.16) and those who were unilateral victims (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.19, 4.12). All violent IPV profiles were associated with adverse mental health outcomes among pregnant adolescents, with bilateral violence having the most detrimental associations. Comprehensive IPV screening for both victimization and perpetration experiences during pregnancy is warranted. Clinical and community prevention efforts should target pregnant adolescents and their partners to reduce their vulnerability to violence and its adverse consequences. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00628771 . Registered 29 February 2008.
Supervisors as mentors: How supervisory mentorship can supplement formal mentoring programs

Binghamton University Libraries’ mentoring program has been in place since 2006. The goals of this program are to orient new librarians to the organizational culture by building relationships with more senior librarians, and to help new librarians achieve tenure by providing support and advice on job performance, service, and scholarship throughout the six years leading to tenure review.
Il piano di gestione della crisi

La maggior parte degli adulti possiede una rete di contatti che costituiscono delle risorse sociali ed emotive; passare del tempo con loro serve a determinare quali aspetti delle loro vite serviranno come mezzi di supporto durante il processo di stabilizzazione. Lavorare verso una soluzione e basarsi sui punti di forza individuali sono i fondamenti del processo di stabilizzazione della salute mentale in caso di disastro. Ogni individuo possiede delle capacita proprie che possono essere messe in atto per favorire un adattamento al disastro; e quindi importante inquadrare questa fase dell’intervento per ottenere una conoscenza delle diverse modalita di risolvere il problema. Tra le opportunita che si presentano per risolvere i problemi si possono trovare, ma non esclusivamente: capacita pratiche di risolvere i problemi, cui ci si riferisce di solito con il termine “buon senso”; capacita emotiva di capire e di accettare; stabilire aspettative realistiche riguardo al processo di recupero: abilita di comprendere e seguire le istruzioni; possibilita di avere accesso ad eventuali sistemi di supporto.
Developing a resilience-based adaptive co-management framework: public sectors’ insights on the role of tourism

Public-private partnerships are essential to effective disaster response and recovery. Given their scare resources, it is neither efficient nor practical for governing bodies to bear the sole respo...
Physical Activity and Risk of Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Prediabetes among Males and Females in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2014.

Aims The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of leisure and occupational physical activity on the risk of diagnosed and undiagnosed prediabetes among females and males. Methods A sample of 17,871 non-pregnant adults was drawn from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multinomial logistic regression tested associations between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and risk of diagnosed prediabetes and undiagnosed prediabetes, compared to no prediabetes. Results Females and males who met guidelines for total MVPA (i.e., ≥10 MET-hrs/week) had a statistically significant lower risk of undiagnosed prediabetes (OR range: 0.50-0.65) as compared to those with no MVPA, however findings were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for diabetes risk factors. In terms of diagnosed prediabetes, females meeting guidelines had lower risk (OR range: 0.65-0.76), while only males engaging in the most MVPA had lower risk; findings were no longer significant after adjustment. Patterns were similar for leisure-time MVPA, but conflicting for occupational PA; females with 10-20 MET-hrs/week had a higher risk of diagnosed prediabetes (OR =1.71, 95% CI 1.11-2.61) and males with >20 MET-hrs/week had a higher risk for undiagnosed prediabetes (OR =1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.35) after adjustment. Conclusions This study adds to the sparse body of literature on physical activity and prediabetes, particularly with its inclusion of occupational MVPA.
The beliefs of cancer care providers regarding the role of religion and spirituality within the clinical encounter.

To characterize cancer care provider perceptions of the role of religion and spirituality (RS p = 0.02). All providers were equally as likely to believe that RS IQR 0.9–2.0) compared with physicians (median 1.0; IQR 0.9–2.0) or other providers (median 1.4; IQR 1.0–2.1) (p < 0.001). There were differences between providers in beliefs regarding the role of R&S in the clinical cancer encounter. Of note, nurses and other provider types were more likely than physicians to inquire about R&S with patients. Understanding variations in these beliefs will help determine how to best incorporate R&S support for patients during their cancer care.
HARECX Measurements of Electron Channeling Effects on Quantitative AEM-Based XEDS

It has been long known that orientation effects in crystalline materials can influence characteristic x-ray emission and microanalysis. Most of the recent studies have concentrated upon using the phenomenon to perform site specific distributions of impurity elements in ordered compounds using the ALCHEMI methodology. For the most part, it has been asserted that increasing the parameters of thickness, orientation and beam convergence effectively averages out these effects. Using High Angular Resolution Electron Channeling X-ray Spectroscopy (HARECXS) we have carefully measured the phenomenon in a number of ordered systems and find that it must be considered in many cases.All experimental measurements presented here were conducted on a Philips EM 420T analytical electron microscope. The instrument was operated in the TEM mode, at 120 kV using a LaB6 electron source. The characteristic x-ray emission was measured using an ED AX ultra thin window Si(Li) detector having a FWHM of ∼ 145 eV at Mn Ka.
Deep Q-Network for Enhanced Data Privacy and Security of IoT Traffic

Data privacy and security of Internet enabled devices has become a major concern of many users and manufacturers. The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the increasing network traffic have heightened the attack surface. Proxy and man-in-the-middle attacks can be used to exploit vulnerability inherent in IoT devices. Due to the limited resources and features of IoT devices, transmitted data might be at risk of traffic interception and possible decryption of encrypted data on the fly using these attacks. In this paper, we discuss a vulnerability in IoT communication and propose an effective approach based on Deep Q-Network (DQN) and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) for proxy detection. Our main aim is a robust detection mechanism using network connection information. We further propose a use case for distributed machine learning suitable for real-time monitoring and proxy detection.
Twitter conversations about COVID-19 during pre-pandemic period: Stigma and information format cues

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (2020a) declared COVID-19, also known as Coronavirus, a global pandemic. Using a content analysis (N = 3,056) and social network analysis, we explored the role of Twitter in disseminating stigma messages about the disease and the country where the virus originated. In particular, we explored four stigma-related cues and information-related cues in message content during the pre-pandemic period (December 31, 2019-February 10, 2020). Results indicate that in the dataset, 37.6% of the Tweets had stigma cues and 34.1% Tweets contained information messages. Laypersons with Twitter handles were the primary source of stigma messages. Social media influencers were one of the primary sources for both stigma and information messages. Media organizations were also one of the primary sources of information messages. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
An overview of IBM's Technical Information Retrieval Services

Presentation des services offerts par l'ITIRC (IBM Technical Retrieval Services) pour repondre aux besoins des techniciens d'IBM: information courante, recherche en ligne au sein de bases de donnee (internes ou externes), fourniture de documents primaires
Dynamic multinuclear chemical shift imaging of tumors (H-1, F-19, P-31) during 5-Fluorouracil chemotherapy

On-line NMRS (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), a potent antitumor agent, provides unique information that makes it possible to assess its chemotherapeutic effect in human tumors by measuring the temporal and spatial distribution of 5FU on an MRI/MRS (magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance spectroscopy) system, such as the Siemens Magneton operating at Siemens 1.5/2 T. The authors have begun testing multiply tunable coils intended to allow proton image guided /sup 1/H, /sup 19/F, and /sup 31/P spectroscopy. Aspects of the design of such coils and preliminary studies are presented. It is concluded that such coils, which allow the correlative assessment of tumor status and drug biodistribution, may provide a unique new dimension monitoring and guiding drug therapy in cancer patients, and in testing new drug therapies in experimental animals. >
Is Universal Really Universal? An Examination of the Catholic Church in the Context of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

This Paper traces the history of the Catholic Church with respect to its views on international human rights. The paper examines papal encyclicals and other documents to examine Church policy before analyzing the Church's track record concerning important human rights issues.
Associations between a patient reported outcome (PRO) measure of sarcopenia and falls, functional status, and physical performance in older patients with cancer

Objective In older patients with cancer, we aimed to investigate associations between a patient-reported outcome measure for sarcopenia (SarcoPRO) and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), self-reported falls, and limitations in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: experience in 36 cases.

AbstractA retrospective study of 36 patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis who underwent nephrectomy at our hospital was performed. The disease occurred most frequently in middle-aged women with a history of recurrent urinary tract disorder. There were 2 cases of focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, 2 associated with emphysematous pyelonephritis, 2 that manifestated as fistula formation between the colon or skin, and 1 with deep sinus formation into the hip joint that presented as septic arthritis. Flank pain and fever were the most frequent complaints. Escherichia coli (67%) and Proteus mirabilis (26%) were the most common organisms isolated from the voided urine, kidney and blood stream. Cephalothin plus gentamicin or tobramycin were the drugs of choice before surgical intervention.
Rising incidence and aggressive nature of cutaneous malignancies after transplantation: An update on epidemiology, risk factors, management and surveillance

Although immunosuppression has been a key component to the success of solid-organ transplantation, the morbidity associated with long-term immunosuppression remains a substantial burden, particularly as recipients of transplants live longer. Indeed, malignancy is one of the most common reasons for mortality following transplantation and the most common of these cancers are cutaneous in origin. Recently, the incidence of these malignancies has been on the rise, partly due to the fact that recipients of these transplants are living longer as a result of improvements in surgical technique, immunosuppression and perioperative management. Although there have been initiatives to increase awareness of cutaneous malignancies following transplantation, such programs are not standardized and there continues to be gaps in skin cancer education and post-operative surveillance. This review provides an update on the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical management, prevention and surveillance of cutaneous malignancies.
Determination of growth inhibitory concentrations of tetracycline for bone in organ culture.

LONG bones of premature children given tetracycline in therapeutically high dosages have shown up to 40 per cent growth inhibition during 2–4 weeks of treatment1. This effect was reversible, and approximately 2 weeks after the last administration of tetracycline the growth rate returned to normal. It is well known that large doses of tetracycline depress overall growth of chick embryos and mice2, but in other studies when therapeutic doses of tetracycline were given to rats and humans, growth inhibition was not observed3,4. It seemed probable that growth inhibition was dose dependent and that perhaps growth inhibiting concentrations of tetracycline could be reached in premature human infants, and so we decided to determine whether tetracycline would inhibit long bone growth in an organ culture system and, if so, at what concentration of tetracycline in the medium the inhibition occurred. The method developed by Proffit and Ackerman5, which evaluates growth of bone by measuring uptake of tritiated thymidine and of 14C proline from the culture medium, was used. Separate experiments indicated that, although there was some uptake of calcium-45 into bone spicules, there was no calcification of cartilage in this system. This culture method is similar to that used by Saxen6–8, who observed effects of tetracycline on calcification of immature bone in vitro but did not describe an effect on growth.
Limitations of short-term studies in predicting long-term adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids.

This paper examines the value of short-term studies in predicting long-term, clinically relevant adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in children with asthma. Increasing use of ICS in younger and less severely affected children with asthma justifies concern about long-term adverse effects. For each system potentially affected by ICS, short-term and sensitive studies have limited value in predicting clinically relevant effects, even when correlations are highly statistically significant. This is due to inherent limitations of the short-term tests utilized and normal physiologic variations in systems being studied. Specific limitations include: 1) poor distinction between systemic presence of ICS and adverse systemic effects (e.g., integrated plasma cortisol) 2) lack of data validating the connection between test results and the end point in question (bone markers to predict growth and fracture risk) 3) sensitivity confounded by normal physiologic variation (knemometry to predict long-term growth). Consequently, predicting clinically relevant long-term effects from short-term studies detecting physiologic perturbations remains a challenge. Positive predictive value is improved by well-designed intermediate-term (>12 months) studies utilizing dynamic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis testing, dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning, or precise stadiometry. Ultimately, however, long-term studies are required to assess long-term risks, and the reliability of short-term assessments in predicting them.
Enabling School-University Collaborative Research: Lessons Learned in Professional Development Schools:

An anticipated outcome of the Professional Development School concept is that educators will question accepted notions of teaching and learning. Schools and universities collaboratively engage in innovation through research and reflection about teaching and learning in field settings. However, differences in the cultures and images of schools and universities create barriers to collaborative inquiry. In this study, the AA. focus on events and actions that facilitated collaborative research in a West Texas professionnal development school project
Different strokes for rodent folks.

Understanding of the sequelae of cerebral microvascular injury has been hampered by a lack of animal models to enable precise localization of injury. In this issue, Nishimura et al. describe a stroke model that couples two-photon laser-scanning mapping of the cerebral cortex with femtosecond laser technology to produce three distinct microvascular injuries characterized by hemorrhage, vessel leakage or vessel occlusion.
A Correction to \A Remark on the Green Correspondence on G-Algebras"

This note presents a counterexample to [1, Proposition 1(d)] that was communicated by Kulshammer. The proof of [1, Proposition 1(d)] is erroneous.
Pyroxene in enclaves and syenites of the Red Hill complex, New Hampshire: an ion and electron microprobe study

The Red Hill complex, New Hampshire, contains both silica-undersaturated and silica-saturated to oversaturated syenites. Ion microprobe analyses of pyroxene from the Nepheline Sodalite Syenite (NSS) and its enclaves reveal that the REE abundances increase in a systematic manner from low values in the enclave pyroxenes to higher values in the NSS host rock pyroxenes. This variation is interpreted to have resulted from differentiation and coupled with previously published mineral and bulk-rock compositions, suggests that the enclaves represent samples of NSS parental liquids that intruded into residual, syenitic liquids in a zoned magma chamber. Pyroxene analyses of the Garland Peak Syenite (GPS) and its enclaves indicate that the enclaves are of several populations: some may be related to the GPS, others are not. The GPS itself is heterogeneous and pyroxene trace element zoning is difficult to explain by fractionation processes. The silica-oversaturated Outer Coarse Syenite (OCS) contains pyroxenes with trace element characteristics that are distinct from the NSS. The low V concentrations suggest that the OCS exprienced magnetite fractionation prior to pyroxene growth. It is proposed that high f O2in the OCS magma caused Fe-Ti oxide crystallization, which in turn, influenced magmatic silica activity. The chondrite normalized REE patterns of OCS pyroxenes are also suggestive of titanite crystallization, another indication of high f O2. In contrast to the influence of magnetite crystallization, the high and rimwardly increasing Y and Yb concentrations in both the NSS and the OCS pyroxenes suggest that amphibole fractionation was not the major influence on silica activity. Therefore, it is unlikely that the OCS was derived by amphibole fractionation from a NSS precursor magma.