cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Digital Divide in Classrooms: Teacher Technology Comfort and Evaluations.

A disconnect exists between students’ comfort with using technology for learning and teachers’ comfort in using technology for teaching. Students report the desire for more engaging technology-based assignments. Teachers cite multiple reasons for their hesitancy to use technology in their teaching. The current study investigates whether this disconnect has implications for students’ evaluations of their teachers. Using data from 101 high school students, researchers found that students’ perceptions of their teachers’ comfort with technology impacts their evaluations only when student affect for technology is high. Implications for how this might impact teacher evaluations and directions for future research are discussed.
Evolution of adaptive phenotypic traits without positive Darwinian selection

Recent evidence suggests the frequent occurrence of a simple non-Darwinian (but non-Lamarckian) model for the evolution of adaptive phenotypic traits, here entitled the plasticity–relaxation–mutation (PRM) mechanism. This mechanism involves ancestral phenotypic plasticity followed by specialization in one alternative environment and thus the permanent expression of one alternative phenotype. Once this specialization occurs, purifying selection on the molecular basis of other phenotypes is relaxed. Finally, mutations that permanently eliminate the pathways leading to alternative phenotypes can be fixed by genetic drift. Although the generality of the PRM mechanism is at present unknown, I discuss evidence for its widespread occurrence, including the prevalence of exaptations in evolution, evidence that phenotypic plasticity has preceded adaptation in a number of taxa and evidence that adaptive traits have resulted from loss of alternative developmental pathways. The PRM mechanism can easily explain cases of explosive adaptive radiation, as well as recently reported cases of apparent adaptive evolution over ecological time.
The photochemical basis of rod vision.

The photochemical system upon which the excitation of rod vision depends has been analyzed, and all its component processes brought into free solution. The only action of light in this system is to convert rhodopsin to the highly unstable lumi-rhodopsin. This bleaches in the dark via the intermediate meta-rhodopsin to a mixture of the carotenoid, retinene1, and the colorless protein, opsin. Retinene1 is reduced to vitamin A1 by the coenzyme, reduced cozymase, acting in concert with the enzyme retinene reductase or alcohol dehydrogenase. These are the degradative processes in the rhodopsin system.The resynthesis of rhodopsin from these products is the basis of dark adaptation. A mixture of opsin and retinene1 forms rhodopsin spontaneously in the dark. The retinene reductase system, left to itself, reduces retinene1 to vitamin A1. In the presence of opsin, however, it oxidizes vitamin A1 to retinene1 as rapidly as retinene1, condenses with opsin to form rhodopsin.A mixture of four substances in solution performs all the reactions of the rhodopsin system: vitamin A1, cozymase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and opsin. Opsin is the only one of these specific to the retina.The synthesis of rhodopsin requires the presence of free sulfhydryl (−SH) groups in opsin. Conversely when rhodopsin bleaches, two such groups are liberated for each retinene1 formed. Based upon these changes, an artificial system has been devised in which the bleaching of rhodopsin results in an electrical variation. This may provide a model for the excitation process in rod vision.
on interpreting gender in Bugis society

This paper considers gender behavior in terms of the social and symbolic dynamics of Bugis society. The Bugis possess a gender system that is formally elaborated but does not comprise a primary organizational principle of their culture. Instead, women and men are absorbed equally in a preoccupation with social location. For both sexes hierarchical distinctions are differentiated in the same social continuum on the basis of what appears to be individual ascription and achievement. Patterns of gender differentiation merely comprise general paths–different for men, women, and calabai (male transvestites) – that individuals follow in their respective quests to know their social locations, [marriage customs, gender systems, South Sulawesi, interpretive anthropology]
Wired for the future

As we celebrate the 20th anniversary of high-temperature superconductors, much of their heralded potential is still to be realized. But a growing number of successful applications suggests that they will deliver on their promise.
Cardiovascular and medical ramifications of treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism

Subclinical hypothyroidism can be diagnosed in 1% to 10% of the adult population, is more common in women, and increases with age. In many patients, treatment with L-thyroxine reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, improves cardiac function, reduces symptoms of hypothyroidism, and diminishes neuropsychiatric symptoms. Treatment also reduces the likelihood of statin-induced myopathy. However, in double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of L-thyroxine therapy in subclinical hypothyroidism, cardiovascular and symptomatic benefits have been neither uniform nor definitive. In the absence of a large-scale, multicenter, randomized trial, physicians have to individualize therapy for each patient. Benefits of therapy are most likely to be realized in patients with thyroid-stimulating hormone levels greater than 10 mU/L on repeated measures, those with hypothyroid symptoms, those who are pregnant, those with a documented family history of hypothyroidism, and those with severe hyperlipidemia.
Effects of benzalkonium chloride- and polyquad-preserved combination glaucoma medications on cultured human ocular surface cells

Introduction The aim of this study is to investigate potential adverse effects of fixed combination glaucoma medications preserved with either benzalkonium chloride (BAK) or Polyquad® (PQ; Alcon Research Ltd., Fort Worth, TX, USA) on cultured ocular epithelial cells.
The surface reaction in the high-rate growth of a-Si:H,Cl from SiH2Cl2 + SiH4

We report the results of growth experiments of hydrogenated amorphous silicon from a mixture of dichlorosilane and silane in a dc glow discharge triode system. Growth rates, R, to ∼ 50 A/s are reached at SiH 4 /SiH 2 Cl 2 flow ratios of < 0.2 at substrate temperatures between 100 and 200°C. The dependence of R on silane flow, and the small incorporation of deuterium at low SiD 4 flow rates, suggest that silane acts as a promoter. The marked increase of R with increasing substrate temperature, and the absence of dust formation, suggest a surface-controlled growth reaction. The parallel decrease of the hydrogen and chlorine concentrations in the films with increasing R suggests a mechanism of mutual elimination of H and Cl at the growing surface, in a process which opens further growth sites. Step coverage experiments produce nearly conformal films and suggest CVD-like growth.
Measurement Principles of the Reactive Current RMS Value and the Load Susceptance for Harmonic Frequency Meters

The current of a nonsinusoidal source applied to a nonresistive load contains a reactive component ir which can be decreased or even wholly compensated by a shunt reactance 1-port of parameters related directly to the load susceptances for harmonic frequencies Bn· The reactive current rms value measurement is necessary for evaluation of the possibility of the source apparent power minimization, and the load susceptance measurement is necessary for the compensating equipment design. This paper presents the measurement principles for measuring these quantities.
Advent of genomics in blueberry

Blueberry is a high-value crop with recognized nutritional characteristics that has led to an increase in consumer demand over the last several years. With its increasing agricultural and commercial importance, genetic and genomic tools have recently become available for use in characterizing its genetic diversity and in molecular breeding strategies. Here, we provide an overview of genomic research in blueberry, with a focus on expressed sequence tag/transcriptome sequencing efforts. These resources are already providing novel insights into various biological processes from large-scale expression studies, such as microarrays, elucidation of phylogenetic relationships, and development of molecular markers and genetic linkage maps. Future blueberry breeding programs should benefit greatly from these new genomic tools.
Particle stability of the pentaneutron

Abstract The pentaneutron (5n) binding properties are studied within a 5 h ω model space. The results, based on the Sussex interaction, indicate that 5n is unbound by about 10 MeV. The 5n ground state has the assignment (J π ,T)=( 3 2 − , 5 2 ) . The model also suggests the lowest ( 3 2 − , 5 2 ) state in 5He will occur at about 40 MeV excitation energy.
Serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound assessment of arterial remodeling in left main coronary artery disease.

Abstract Serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used to study de novo, nontreated left main coronary arteries (LMCAs) in 31 patients. Using an automated contour detection algorithm, analysis of 7.2 ± 2.5 mm long segments included arterial, lumen, and plaque volumes and plaque burden (plaque/arterial volumes). During follow-up (7.7 ± 2.4 months), the percent change in lumen volume correlated with the percent change in arterial volume (r = 0.897, p
A framework for end-to-end approach to Systems Integration

Systems Integration (SI) is an important element of systems engineering which involves the integration of hardware, software, products, services, business processes, and human. The existing standards, models, and guidelines of Systems Engineering and Software Engineering address SI issues partially and usually view SI from a perspective of integrating physical components. They lack a holistic end-to-end approach to SI. Due to the emerging Systems Engineering challenges and the increasing importance of SI, the need for a holistic approach to SI has become critical. A Systems Integration Framework (SIF) was developed that incorporates the relevant aspects of integration from a lifecycle perspective and sets a foundation to an end-to-end approach to SI.
Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure

Historically, a fat child meant a healthy child, one who was likely to survive the rigors of undernourishment and infection. In the past decade, however, excessive fatness has arguably become the primary childhood health problem in developed nations and, to some degree, in other parts of the world. Here we review the scope of the problem and discuss developments in establishment of cause, prevention, and treatment of obesity. We argue that fundamental changes in the social environment will be needed to combat this emerging public-health crisis.
Process requirements for continued scaling of CMOS: the need and prospects for atomic-level manipulation

Since the advent of the Si-based integrated circuit, ever-increasing function has been available at reduced cost and with reduced consumption of power. This "semiconductor revolution" has been possible because semiconductor devices have the unique feature that as they become smaller they also become faster, consume less power, become cheaper per circuit, and enable more function per unit area of Si. As the basic device approaches atomic dimensions, it is not clear how far scaling can continue, which current processing technologies lack extendibility, and what innovative process technologies will emerge to take their place. Examination of some of the requirements set forth in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) [1] will expose some of the process modules that are likely to limit scaling. Future work that might be developed to meet the needs of the CMOS roadmap will then be initiated. Among the processes being developed for future needs are a range of selflimited growth and etching reactions as well as other process steps that take advantage of atomic-level control and manipulation to enable new classes of substrate materials. The requirements that drive such a level of control, as well as the progress and prospects for these new techniques, are discussed in this paper.
Occurrence and biological function of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in the actinomycetes

Many species within the order Actinomycetales contain one or more soluble cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, often substrate-inducible and responsible for a variety of xenobiotic transformations. The individual cytochromes exhibit a relatively broad substrate specificity, and some strains have the capacity to synthesize large amounts of the protein(s) to compensate for low catalytic turnover with some substrates. All three of the Streptomyces cytochromes sequenced to date are exclusive members of one P450 family, CYP105. In several instances, monooxygenase activity arises from induction of a P450 and associated ferredoxin, or of a P450 only, suggesting that some essential electron donor proteins (reductase and ferredoxin) are not co-ordinately regulated with the cytochrome. The overall properties of these systems suggest an adaptive strategy whose twofold purpose is to maintain a competitive advantage via the production of secondary metabolites, and, whenever possible, to utilize unusual growth substrates by introducing metabolites from these reactions into the more substrate-specific primary metabolic pathways.
Colorectal cancer survivors' needs and preferences for survivorship information.

In the absence of a survivorship care plan, colorectal cancer survivors still generally understood their cancer history; however, many lacked knowledge of ongoing risks and prevention.
Effects of fitness test type, teacher, and gender on exercise intrinsic motivation and physical self-worth.

: This study compared effects on exercise intrinsic motivation and physical self-worth of taking either the President's Challenge or the Fitnessgram fitness test battery. Three teachers administered the battery to seventh and eighth grade students (N = 370). The only significant effect involving fitness test type on intrinsic motivation was a test-teacher-gender interaction on the interest-enjoyment subscale of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). Main effects occurred for gender on intrinsic motivation and physical self-worth (PSW). Finally, using a Fitness Level x Gender x Fitness Test Type design, a main effect occurred for fitness level on all four IMI subscales, and also on PSW. While results supported the construct validity of IMI and PSW scales, they did not support the theory-based premise that fitness test batteries would produce different motivational and self-perception outcomes. Results are discussed with reference to the limitations and delimitations of the field-based study.
On "Exposure to low amounts of ultrasound energy..." Alexander LD, Gilman DRD, Brown DR, et al. Phys Ther. 2010;90:14-25

I must protest the title of this systematic review.1 A review of this systematic review reveals that there is nothing in the review that indicates whether or not low amounts of ultrasound energy improve soft tissue shoulder pathology. In fact, the authors clearly state, “Our results suggest that the effectiveness of ultrasound on soft tissue pathologies has not yet been evaluated using optimal treatment parameters, and, therefore, it is premature to conclude through systematic review of existing literature that this treatment dose ‘is not effective.’” Given that, the reader has to wonder how and why this title came about. Why didn’t the title reflect the finding that there were some beneficial effects from higher exposure to ultrasound energy? …
Deriving a simulation input generator and a coverage metric from a formal specification

This paper presents novel uses of functional interface specifications for verifying RTL designs. We demonstrate how a simulation environment, a correctness checker, and a functional coverage metric are all created automatically from a single specification. Additionally, the process exploits the structure of a specification written with simple style rules. The methodology was used to verify a large-scale I/O design from the Stanford FLASH project.
Browsing large-scale cheminformatics data with dimension reduction

Visualization of large-scale high dimensional data is highly valuable for data analysis facilitating scientific discovery in many fields. We present PubChemBrowse, a customized visualization tool for cheminformatics research. It provides a novel 3D data point browser that displays complex properties of massive data on commodity clients. As in Geographic Information System browsers for Earth and Environment data, chemical compounds with similar properties are nearby in the browser. PubChemBrowse is built around in-house high performance parallel Multi-dimensional scaling and Generative topographic mapping services and supports fast interaction with an external property database. These properties can be overlaid on 3D mapped compound space or queried for individual points. We prototype the integration with Chem2Bio2RDF system using SPARQL endpoint to access over 20 publicly accessible bioinformatics databases. We describe our design and implementation of the integrated PubChemBrowse application and outline its use in drug discovery. The same core technologies are generally applicable to develop high performance scientific data browsing systems for other applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of Widowhood Mortality

Objectives. Becoming widowed is a known risk factor for mortality. This article examines the magnitude of, explanations for, and variation in the association between widowhood and mortality. Previous research on widowhood mortality has revealed variation by socioeconomic status (SES), in that SES is not protective in widowhood, and by gender, such that men’s mortality increases more than women’s mortality after the death of spouse. Method. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we estimated Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the association between widowhood and mortality. Results. Becoming widowed is associated with a 48% increase in risk of mortality. Approximately one third of the increase can be attributed to selection, in that those who become widows are socioeconomically disadvantaged. In contrast to previous studies, SES is protective for widows. Widowhood mortality risk increases for men if their wives’ deaths were unexpected rather than expected; for women, the extent to which their husbands’ death was expected matters less. Discussion. Widowhood’s harmful association with mortality show how strongly social support and individual’s health and mortality are related. These findings support the larger literature on the importance of social support for health and longevity.
Capture or Contract?: The Early Years of Electric Utility Regulation

Jarrell (1978) found that electricity prices rose in states that adopted state regulation before 1917, suggesting that regulators were "captured" by the interests of the regulated electric utilities. An alternative explanation is that state regulation more credibly protected specialized utility assets from regulatory opportunism than did the municipal franchise contracting that preceded it. Using a panel of data from the U.S. Electrical Censuses of 1902-1937, I find that the relationship between capacity and prices shifted upward under state regulation, potentially consistent with either explanation. At the same time, the shift from municipal to state regulation was associated with an increase in generation capacity, a result inconsistent with the capture theory. Under state regulation, capacity increases more closely tracked population increases, suggesting that the obligation to serve was an important part of the regulatory contract. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the expanded scope of regulation allowed for cross-subsidization of high-cost customers not well represented in municipal politics.
Restoring riparian meadows currently dominated by Artemisa using alternative state concepts - above-ground vegetation response

Livestock overgrazing and stream incision in the western USA often result in encroachment and dominance of Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata (Big sagebrush) in ripar- ian areas that formerly supported meadows. To define the alternative states and thresholds for these ecosystems, we conducted a restoration experiment that included sites with high, intermediate or low water tables. We used a paired-plot approach in which one plot on each site was burned and seeded with native grasses and forbs typical of naturally occurring dry meadow and Artemisia/Leymus cinereus ecological types, while adjacent unburned plots served as controls. Sites with high and intermediate water tables had greater initial abun- dances of perennial grasses typical of dry meadows, such as Leymus triticoides and Poa secunda ssp. juncifolia, and these species increased after the burn. In contrast, sites with low water tables were dominated by annual forbs such as Chenopo- dium album and Descurainia pinnata after the burn. Biomass increased progressively from 1997 to 1999 on burned plots, while controls showed little change. Burning effects were microsite specific, with former Artemisia microsites exhibit- ing lower biomass than interspaces initially, but similar or higher biomass by the third year. Establishment of seeded species was low and species composition was determined largely by pre-burn vegetation. Artemisia dominated sites with high water tables appear to represent an alternative state of the dry meadow ecological type, while sites with low water table sites have crossed an abiotic threshold governed by water tables and represent a new ecological type. Burning is an effective tool for restoring relatively high water table sites, but low water table sites will require burning and seeding with species adapted to more xeric conditions.
Localization of Tec29 to ring canals is mediated by Src64 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-dependent mechanisms

Two tyrosine kinases, Src64 and Tec29, regulate the growth of actin rich-ring canals in the Drosophila ovary. We have shown previously that Src64 directs the localization of Tec29 to ring canals, but the mechanism underlying this process was unknown. Here, we show that Tec29 localizes to ring canals via its Src homology 3 (SH3) and Src homology 2 (SH2) domains. Tec29 activity is required for its own ring canal localization, suggesting that a phosphotyrosine ligand for the SH2 domain is generated by Tec29 itself. Src64 regulates this process by phosphorylating Y677 within the kinase domain of Tec29, an event required for Tec29 activation. We also show that the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Tec29 has dual functions in mediating Src64 regulation. In the absence of Src64, the PH domain prevents Tec29 ring canal localization. In the presence of Src64, it enhances membrane targeting of Tec29 by a PI(3,4,5)P3-mediated mechanism. In the absence of its PH domain, Tec29 constitutively localizes to ring canals, but still requires Src64 for full activation.
Monitoring equipment induced tachycardia in patients with minute ventilation rate-responsive pacemakers

Minute ventilation-sensing pacemakers enable the paced heart to respond to an increased workload. Two patients with such a pacemaker developed pacemaker-driven tachycardia when connected to an electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor also capable of documenting ventilatory frequency and ECG lead disconnection. This tachycardia stopped when the ECG leads were removed. These pacemakers and monitors emit a low-amplitude electrical current and measure the resultant impedence signal across the chest. When patients are connected to the monitor the pacemaker sensor summates both impedence signals and the paced heart rate is increased as a result.
Brain tumor imaging in clinical trials.

SUMMARY: There are substantial challenges in the radiologic evaluation of tumor size during clinical trials, and it is important for neuroradiologists to have a firm understanding of these issues. This review will examine measurement approaches, response criteria, selection of lesions for measurement, technical imaging considerations, interval between tumor measurements and response confirmation, and validity of imaging as a measure of efficacy.
Collaborative learning in an operating systems course: an experience report

Circumstances - a 5-week course format with two 4-hour evening classes each week - impelled an alternative approach for the introductory operating systems course at Rochester Institute of Technology in summer 2003. We used a co-operative learning approach based loosely on the jigsaw methodology. Students were divided into teams, and each assigned to prepare one subtopic of the material for each course session. Each class consisted of a lecture session, followed by team sessions where each member explained their portion of the lecture material and the team discussed it. This format proved very successful in increasing student involvement and making sure that nearly all students came away with at least a basic understanding of the material. The paper presents the details of the format, challenges faced, positive outcomes and limitations, and data and perspectives from student surveys.
Hip arthrodesis in the pediatric population: where do we stand?

Reconstructive and salvage procedures have continued to evolve in orthopedic surgery with changing functional demands of the population as well as advances in implants and surgical techniques. What used to be popular or traditional care at some point may eventually become a thing of the past, and this is true as far as many orthopedic surgical procedures are concerned. Understanding the etiology, pathogenesis, and managing and postponing the destructive pathway of osteoarthritis (OA) has been the goal of orthopedists since the specialty began in the early part of 18 th century. Options of treating the severe sequelae of an arthritic joint have varied in different treatment eras. Management options have changed from a spectrum of non-treatment and slow suffering to muscle and soft-tissue releases, interposition arthroplasty and eventual
MOVPE growth of oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers

Summary form only given. In summary, we have demonstrated an optimized MOVPE technique for highly uniform and reproducible VCSEL growth, enabling high performance oxide-confined VCSELs with uniform lasing characteristics. In this paper, we show the capability to produce extremely high wafer uniformity, control accuracy on thickness and composition, and run-to-run reproducibility.
Phase II trial of sorafenib (S) and capecitabine (C) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhotic patients (pts).

e15136 Background: S is the currently approved treatment for HCC. C has antitumor activity in HCC and biliary tree cancers. The combination of the two, if tolerated, could possibly improve antitumo...
Higher Education and Quality: Views from the Inside and Outside

Higher education institutions worldwide have been working diligently to assure stakeholders that the institutions and their missions and output are of high quality, deserving of the funds allocated to them and the fees paid by their clients. To demonstrate this many if not most are engaging in some form of accreditation process, often centrally organized at the governmental level but sometimes reflecting a more decentralized approach. Many institutions also engage in various forms of internal quality assurance. It is suggested here that in many cases, it is possible that these two efforts are not well coordinated. In this paper both the external accreditation and internal quality assurance measures of the University of California at Los Angeles are examined in the context of new and novel learning outcome measures being adopted. The conclusion is that accreditation is much more effective to the degree that it is well cooridinated and recognizing of the various internal quality assurance mechanisms being practiced.
Calibration and validation of freehand 3D ultrasound systems based on DC magnetic tracking

A new method for calibrating a free-hand 3D ultrasound system based on a DC magnetic tracking position sensor is presented. The method uses a linear affine transformation for registering the individual 2D US images in the position sensor's reference coordinate system. The affine transformation allows for automatic scaling of the digitized ultrasound image in physical dimensions. We have also introduced a spherical tissue-mimicking phantom to facilitate the calibration procedure. The system's calibration was validated in a clinical setting by determining its precision in localizing a single point and its accuracy in measuring distances and volumes. Precision in localizing a point was consistently below 1.9 mm (rms error). The bias in distance measurements was 0.06 mm and the standard deviation was 0.75 mm. The accuracy of measuring volumes for a one-pass can was below 1% whereas for multiple pass scans it was below 4%. Furthermore, the performance of the DC magnetic tracking system was tested separately from the ultrasound scanner. We conclude that the ultrasound scanner rather than the position sensor is the limiting factor in the geometric accuracy of the 3D US system.
Quintessent Interest Rate Argument

Quintessent Interest rate or Natural rate of Interest of an Economy is discused. The stability point is ascertained for Adam Smith's dictum on Interest rates.
Got Resources? A Multi-Sample Constructive Replication of Perceived Resource Availability’s Role in Work Passion–Job Outcomes Relationships

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of perceived resource availability on the relationship between work passion and employee well-being (i.e., job satisfaction and job tension) and performance (i.e., job performance and citizenship behaviors) using self-determination theory. Data were obtained through surveys distributed via an online platform (Sample 1) and to employees of three professional organizations: a municipal agency (Sample 2), an engineering firm (Sample 3), and an advertising organization (Sample 4). The interaction between employees’ work passion and their perceptions of available resources was associated with employees’ well-being and performance, such that greater work passion was associated with positive outcomes when resources were perceived as available. Conversely, heightened work passion was associated with job tension and fewer positive benefits when perceived available resources were low. Work passion is often touted by employers as a valuable characteristic for employees, but, as these findings suggest, there are conditions that must be met in order for employees to experience positive well-being and performance outcomes. This information will likely prove invaluable for those employers seeking to best support their passionate employees. Research into the area of work passion is small but growing, and this study provides valuable insight into a key boundary condition for the effectiveness of passion: perceived resource availability. Additionally, this study identifies circumstances in which passionate employees actually experience a negative work outcome. Further, the multiple samples and constructive replication employed help provide confidence and a strong empirical foundation for the results.
Spectroscopy of the instantaneous all-optical switching nonlinearity of thin films

The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility provides mechanisms for all-optical switching with potential for self-routing data packets in all-optical networks.
Does the domain of technology impact user trust? Investigating trust in automation across different consumer-oriented domains in young adults, military, and older adults

ABSTRACTTrust has been shown to be a determinant of automation usage and reliance. Thus, understanding the factors that affect trust in automation has been a focus of much research. Despite the increased appearance of automation in consumer-oriented domains, the majority of research examining human-automation trust has occurred in highly specialised domains (e.g. flight management, military) and with specific user groups. We investigated trust in technology across three different groups (young adults, military, and older adults), four domains (consumer electronics, banking, transportation, and health), two stages of automation (information and decision automation), and two levels of automation reliability (low and high). Our findings suggest that trust varies on an interaction of domain of technology, reliability, stage, and user group.
Evaluation of decision rules for identifying low bone density in postmenopausal African-American women.

OBJECTIVE: While African-American women tend to have greater bone mineral density (BMD) than caucasian women, they are still at risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. Clinical decision rules (i.e., algorithms) have been developed to assist clinicians identify women at greatest risk of low BMD. However, such tools have only been validated in caucasian and Asian populations. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to compare the performance of five clinical decision rules in identifying postmenopausal African-American women at greatest risk for low femoral BMD. METHODOLOGY: One hundred-seventy-four (n=174) postmenopausal African-American women completed a valid and reliable oral questionnaire to assess lifestyle characteristics, and completed height and weight measures. BMD at the femoral neck was measured via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for identifying African-American women with low BMD (T-Score < or = -2.0 SD) using five clinical decision rules: Age, Body Size, No Estrogen (ABONE), Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Instrument (ORAI), Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool (OST), Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation (SCORE), and body weight less than 70 kg. RESULTS: Approximately 30% of African-American women had low BMD, half of whom had osteoporosis (BMD T-Score < or = -2.5 SD). Sensitivity for identifying women with a low BMD (T-Score < or = -2.0 SD) ranged from 65.57-83.61%, while specificity ranged from 53.85-78.85%. Positive predictive values ranged from 80.95-87.91%, while negative predictive values ranged from 48.44-58.33%. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the clinical decision rules analyzed in this study have some usefulness for identifying postmenopausal African-American women with low BMD. However, there is a need to establish cut-points for these clinical decision rules in a larger, more diverse sample of African-American women.
Endocrine Therapy for Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Guideline

PurposeTo develop recommendations about endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor (HR) –positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC).MethodsThe American Society of Clinical Oncology convened an Expert Panel to conduct a systematic review of evidence from 2008 through 2015 to create recommendations informed by that evidence. Outcomes of interest included sequencing of hormonal agents, hormonal agents compared with chemotherapy, targeted biologic therapy, and treatment of premenopausal women. This guideline puts forth recommendations for endocrine therapy as treatment for women with HR-positive MBC.RecommendationsSequential hormone therapy is the preferential treatment for most women with HR-positive MBC. Except in cases of immediately life-threatening disease, hormone therapy, alone or in combination, should be used as initial treatment. Patients whose tumors express any level of hormone receptors should be offered hormone therapy. Treatment recommendations should be based on type of adjuvant treatment,...
Looking for a Brighter Future in Heart Failure: A Role for Vitamin D Supplementation?

Identifying effective pharmacologic and mechanical therapies for heart failure has been an active and costly endeavor in the past several decades. Significant progress has been made, but the morbidity and mortality from this syndrome continues to be unacceptably high. Thus, it would be an exciting
Congenital hip dislocation: before and after walking age.

(1976). Congenital hip dislocation before and after walking age. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 60, No. 4, pp. 114-120.
Benefits of Adopting Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL)

Information Technology Service Management (ITSM) is service management discipline that has grown rapidly over the past 3 decades. Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is a reference framework of best practices for ITSM. Organizations have invested millions of dollars and continue to do so, in adopting these best practices. There are very few academic studies on benefits realization from adopting ITIL, specifically on return on investments (ROI), a fact acknowledged by some ITIL researchers. Chief Information Officers and other decision makers often make ITIL investment decisions in faith and hope of returns. Many of the published academic research are based on sampling anecdotal survey responses from ITIL proponents, who could presumably overstate ITIL benefits. This paper is a critical analysis of the state of research on ITIL benefits. The paper identifies key decision situations for a practitioner in ITIL journey and evaluates insights/findings of existing research to help such decisions. Paper identifies gaps between research and needs of practitioners. The paper also offers justification for more research on ITIL benefits and lists specific research areas for the same.
Arithmetic Interpretations of PRL

PRL has, as we have seen, moderately interesting syntactic properties and a similarly interesting model theory. Moreover, as I have intimated on occasion, it has much to say about the syntax of arithmetic: The de Jongh-Sambin Theorem, for example, applies directly to self-referential sentences of PRA— those arising from modal contexts have explicit, non-self-referential explications. The relation between PRL and PRA, however, is deeper than this. PRL is the modal logic of provability within PRA and we now have the tools to prove this.
Towards high-availability for IP telephony using virtual machines

Virtualization technology is popular today for hosting Internet and cloud-based compute services. Recently, the IP Communications domain has seen the adoption of virtualization with enterprise telephony solutions being hosted in virtualized environments. A deployment scenario that is common in the IP communications domain is the virtual appliance. A virtual appliance encapsulates the IP Telephony application, such as a VoIP Call/Proxy Server, and the OS software, within a virtual machine. This allows for a single physical machine to host a number of virtual appliances — each being a telephony application deployed on an OS configuration for which it has been optimized. Apart from the well known benefits of virtualization such as server consolidation and improved resource utilization, a promising capability of virtualization technology is that of live virtual machine migration. In case of failure, a live virtual appliance can be efficiently and transparently migrated to a different physical machine with minimal impact on clients using the hosted IP communication service, thereby providing high-availability and fault tolerance. This work studies the feasibility of deploying IP communications infrastructure on virtualized platforms, with high-availability and reliability as a goal. We model a real IP telephony workload to understand the performance implications of such a deployment, and the effectiveness of these high-availability mechanisms. We use quantitative methods to measure performance such as call throughput, delay and packet loss. By understanding the characteristics of IP telephony workloads, we identify specific aspects that affect performance and also identify some optimal configurations. The results presented in this work will be useful for telecommunication service providers to understand the benefits and limitations of such a deployment.
What about Our Lesbian/Gay Students? Results of a Survey Exploring the Experiences of Counseling Students Who Are Lesbian and Gay

ABSTRACTThe experiences of students who are nonheterosexual in educational settings have been documented in scholarly research. Less information is available regarding the experiences of graduate student populations who are nonheterosexual. Counselor education is positioned to provide an affirming environment according to ethical guidelines and professional competencies as multicultural competence is considered a requirement for the field. The authors wondered if lesbian and gay (LG) counseling education students were experiencing discrimination, harassment, or microaggressions within their educational program. They conducted an online survey to begin this inquiry. The results indicate that counseling students who are LG are not necessarily feeling safe and affirmed in their programs.
Validation of a photographic seafood portion guide to assess fish and shrimp intakes

Objective To validate a novel photographic portion guide as a tool to estimate consumption of fish and shrimp. Application of such a validated tool can facilitate accurate individual and community seafood intake assessments and provide meaningful data relative to health benefits and hazard assessment, particularly in response to environmental contamination and disasters. Design A photographic fish and shrimp portion guide presenting a stepped range of cooked portion sizes was used by participants to estimate their typical portion sizes. Participants selected their typical portion size from the photographic guide and also from a selection of freshly cooked reference meals. Photographic portions selections were compared with plated reference portions for each participant. Setting Academic sensory testing laboratory in the USA. Subjects Separate groups of adults (25–64 years) contributed to fish (n 54) and shrimp (n 53) portion size comparison studies. Results In the fish study, there was no difference between photographic portion selections (6·59 (sd 2·65) oz (186·8 (sd 75·1) g)) and reference plate selections (7·04 (sd 2·63) oz (199·6 (sd 74·6) g); P=0·384). Similarly in the shrimp study, there was no difference between photographic portion selections (6·88 (sd 3·40) oz (195·0 (sd 96·4) g)) and reference plate selections (6·06 (sd 2·65) oz (171·8 (sd 75·1) g); P=0·159). Photographic portions predicted plated reference portions for both fish and shrimp based on linear regression (P<0·001). Bland–Altman plot analyses showed good agreement between the two methods, <1 oz (<28·3 g) bias, in both fish and shrimp studies. Conclusions This validated photographic seafood portion guide provides a utilitarian tool for accurately assessing fish and shrimp intake in a community setting.
Effect of whey protein supplementation on body composition changes in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Context A preponderance of evidence supports the beneficial effects of whey protein (WP) supplementation on body composition in men; however, there is currently insufficient evidence to make an equivalent claim in women. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of WP supplementation with or without energy restriction (ER) and resistance training (RT) on changes in body mass, lean mass, and fat mass in women. Data sources Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, and CINAHL were searched using the keywords "whey protein," "body composition," and "lean mass." Data extraction Two researchers independently screened 1845 abstracts and extracted 276 articles. Thirteen randomized controlled trials with 28 groups met the inclusion criteria. Results Globally, WP supplementation increased lean mass (WMD, 0.37 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06 to 0.67) while not influencing changes in fat mass (-0.20 kg; 95%CI, -0.67 to 0.27) relative to non-WP control. The beneficial effect of WP on lean mass was lost when only studies with RT were included in the analysis (n = 7 comparisons; 0.23 kg; 95%CI, -0.17 to 0.63). The beneficial effect of WP on lean mass was more robust when only studies with an ER component were included (n = 6 comparisons; 0.90 kg; 95%CI, 0.31 to 1.49). There was no effect of WP on lean mass in studies without ER (n = 9 comparisons; 0.22 kg; 95%CI, -0.12 to 0.57). Conclusion Whey protein supplementation improves body composition by modestly increasing lean mass without influencing changes in fat mass. Body composition improvements from WP are more robust when combined with ER .
Joint attention in Down syndrome: A meta-analysis.

Abstract Background Some studies have indicated that joint attention may be a relative strength in Down syndrome (DS), but other studies have not. Aim To conduct a meta-analysis of joint attention in DS to more conclusively determine if this is a relative strength or weakness when compared to children with typical development (TD), developmental disabilities (DD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods and procedures Journal articles published before September 13, 2016, were identified by using the search terms “Down syndrome” and “joint attention” or “coordinating attention”. Identified studies were reviewed and coded for inclusion criteria, descriptive information, and outcome variables. Outcomes and results Eleven studies (553 participants) met inclusion criteria. Children with DS showed similar joint attention as TD children and higher joint attention than children with DD and ASD. Meta-regression revealed a significant association between age and joint attention effect sizes in the DS vs. TD contrast. Conclusions and implications Joint attention appears to not be a weakness for children with DS, but may be commensurate with developmental level. Joint attention may be a relative strength in comparison to other skills associated with the DS behavioral phenotype. Early interventions for children with DS may benefit from leveraging joint attention skills.
The integrin superfamily and the eye

Integrins may have many different roles in the eye, from influencing ocular development, cell migration in wound healing or pathologic processes, and modulating inflammation and thrombosis in ocular tissue. With the variety of integrins expressed on ocular cells, great versatility and redundancy are afforded in integrin interactions. Elucidation of the functional roles of specific integrins may answer important questions regarding tumor invasion, metastasis, and ocular development. The roles of integrins in inflammation is a rapidly advancing field that soon may lead to anti-inflammatory pharmacologic agents. Potent integrin antagonists, such as cyclic RGD peptides isolated from viper venom, may prove to be useful as anti-inflammatory, anti-metastatic, or anti-thrombotic agents for the treatment of ocular disease.
Introduction: Sleep and Child Psychiatry

Understanding the regulation and disorders of sleep has enormous relevance to clinicians facing child and adolescent behavioral or emotional problems. This interface between sleep and child psychiatry encompasses a wide range of pragmatic as well as theoretic issues including diagnosis, treatment, etiology, and prevention. The conceptual and empiric support for these statements are discussed in the context of the articles in this issue of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America.