cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vegetation, phosphorus, and dust gradients downwind from a cattle feedyard

A native shortgrass pasture downwind from a 25,000-head beef cattle feedyard near Bushland, Tex. degraded after the feedyard was stocked in 1970. Objectives were to determine pre-1970 vegetation, quantify current vegetation, and describe changes in vegetation, soil P and dust deposition with distance from the feedyard. Pre-1970 vegetation was documented with published measurements. In 2000, plant cover was quantified using 600 quadrats. Soil P, conserved in the local soil, was measured in soil samples from 119 locations. Dust was collected at 12 locations. From 1966‐1972, cover was 18.8% blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Griffiths] and 7.4% buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.]; the 2 species comprised 95% of vegetation cover. In 2000, perennial grass (75‐99% blue grama) cover averaged 3.7% at 525 m from the feedyard. Conversely, annual grass (67% Hordeum pusillum Nutt.) and annual forb [72% Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.] covers were 49% and 35% nearest the feedyard and decreased to 9% and 1%, respectively, at > 525 m. Over a similar distance, soil P decreased from 75 to 17 mg kg -1 . Dust deposition rate decreased with distance from the feedyard. Manure dust contribution to total dust ranged from negligible to 89%. It was estimated that 20‐30 kg N ha -1 year -1 were deposited over 30 years to areas nearest the feedyard. Changes in vegetation and soil P were greatest at 500 m downwind from the feedyard. The pattern of vegetation, soil fertility, and dust deposition gradients strongly suggested that the feedyard was the primary cause of the observed changes, although a direct causal link could not be established, and other factors, such as grazing, could have contributed to the observed changes. The High Plains region of the Texas Panhandle and surrounding states is a mosaic of irrigated and dry cropland and grassland. More than half the agricultural land area is grassland, and most of that is native rangeland. Shortgrass prairie dominates most native rangeland, especially on upland clay and silty clay soils. Blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Griffiths] and buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] are the major
Why multiple sexual partners

This article addresses multiple sexual partnerships specifically as the root of the generalized epidemic of HIV in southern and eastern Africa. It discusses the many reasons for multiple sexual partners for men and women as well as shares project initiatives and campaigns focused on behavior change communication to end this crisis in Africa.
Organic geochemistry of suspended and settling particulate matter in Lake Michigan

Abstract Organic matter contained in particulate matter in Lake Michigan waters and sediments has been characterized by C N ratios and by distributions of biomarker fatty acids, alkanols, sterols, and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Differences in organic constituents of particulate matter from various depths and distances from shore indicate a complex interaction of production, transformation, and destruction of the organic matter contained in sinking particles. Near-surface material contains important contributions of landderived organic matter, presumably of eolian input. Midwater particles have predominantly aquatic organic material of algal origin. At the sediment-water interface, selective suspension of the finer fractions of surficial sediments enriches bottom nepheloid layers with these sediment size classes. As a result, near-bottom particulate matter has an aquatic biomarker character. Organic matter associated with sinking particles undergoes substantial degradation during passage to the bottom of Lake Michigan, and aquatic components are selectively destroyed relative to terrigenous components.
Prehistoric Diet in the Northern Southwest: Macroplant Remains from Four Corner Feces

A large corpus of data on plant remains from prehistoric feces yields patterns of prehistoric Four Corners Anasazi diet. A general stability of plant-food consumption continues from at least the Basketmaker III through Pueblo III periods, with corn being the one consistently common fecal remain. Other agricultural plants—both crops and weeds—are important throughout the region. There is temporal and spatial variation in the types and abundance of macroplant remains recovered from these feces. Temporally distinct assemblages from the same study area are more similar than contemporary assemblages from different areas. This indicates the importance of the local resource structure (both natural and human maintained) as a major factor influencing dietary composition, even within a relatively small region such as the Four Corners of the northern Southwest.
Polymorphism and Structure in a Pentamorphic Guest−Host Material: The Tris(5-acetyl-3-thienyl) Methane (TATM) Inclusion Compound with 1,3-Dichloropropane

In this work, we describe the preparation and structural properties of five polymorphs of the 1G:2H, 1,3-dichloropropane/tris (5-acetyl-3-thienyl) methane (TATM) inclusion compound. A number of different preparative methods were used to give products whose structures were solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) were used for bulk phase identification. On the basis of the unit cell parameters determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, the PXRD results were used to resolve the products as being from either pure or mixed phases. In four of the five forms, the host TATM molecules have similar torsional conformations and share a common layered motif. The guest molecules are disordered and reside in cages or channels that are formed from the stacking of these layers. In the fifth form, the conformation of the TATM host molecules differ significantly, and the disordered guests reside in a pronounced zigzag ch...
Discussion of “equilibrium earnings management and managerial compensation in a multiperiod agency setting”

Dutta and Fan (Rev Account Stud, 2014), this issue, study the implications of earnings management on managerial compensation, in a two-period LEN setting. They analyze the level as well as the evolution of compensation. Furthermore, they consider the possibility of joint moral hazard and adverse selection problems. I discuss the empirical implications of their analysis, in the context of a slightly more general dynamic setting, and examine the robustness of some of their results with respect to the assumption that the principal can enforce claw-backs.
A METHOD FOR CULTIVATING TREPONEMA PALLIDUM IN FLUID MEDIA

1. A method is described for obtaining pure cultures of Treponema pallidum and allied species of spirochaetae in fluid media. 2. The principle of the method is based upon the superposition of a favorable culture medium upon a less favorable one. 3. The method here described is not suited to the growth of spirochaetae when they are admixed with contaminating bacteria.
Crack Identification by Multifractal Analysis of a Dynamic Rotor Response

Multifractal analysis has been used to diagnose cracked and healthy rotors. Is has been shown that the complexity and regularity criteria of the dynamical systems defined by the multiple scaling of the time series can indicate the damages of the rotating shaft. Relation to the standard power spectrum technique has been also discussed.
Open and Arthroscopic Management of Lateral Epicondylitis in the Athlete

Lateral epicondylitis is the most common condition affecting the adult elbow. It occurs in middleaged individuals and is self-limiting in most cases. Based on clinical, histologic, and imaging data, the tendinous origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis is the most likely site of pathology. When conservative measures fail, surgical management may be indicated. This can be accomplished by traditional open methods or by arthroscopic release. This article reviews the relevant anatomy of the common extensor tendon origin at the elbow and provides guidelines for surgical management of recalcitrant epicondylitis. Special emphasis is placed on arthroscopic techniques, which, when required, may allow for a more rapid return of the athlete to sport.
Evolution of the Stress-Strain and Creep Behavior of Underfill Encapsulants With Aging

Microelectronic encapsulants exhibit evolving properties that change significantly with environmental exposures such as isothermal aging and thermal cycling. Such aging effects are exacerbated at higher temperatures typical of thermal cycling qualification tests for harsh environment electronic packaging. In this work, measurements of material behavior changes occurring in flip chip underfill encapsulants exposed to isothermal aging have been performed. A novel method has been developed to fabricate freestanding underfill uniaxial test specimens so that they accurately reflect the encapsulant layer present in flip chip assemblies. Using the developed specimen preparation procedure, isothermal aging effects have been characterized at several elevated temperatures (+ 80, +100, + 125, and +150 °C). Samples have been aged at the four temperatures for periods up to 6 months. Stress-strain and creep tests have been performed on non-aged and aged samples, and the changes in mechanical behavior have been recorded for the various aging temperatures and durations of isothermal exposure. Empirical models have been developed to predict the evolution of the material properties (modulus, strength) and the creep strain rate as a function of temperature, aging time, and aging temperature. The evaluated underfill illustrated softening behavior at temperatures exceeding 100 °C, although the documented Tg ranged from 130–150 °C. The obtained results showed an obvious enhancement of the underfill mechanical properties as a function of the aging temperature and aging time. Both the effective elastic modulus (initial slope) and ultimate tensile strength (highest stress before failure) increase monotonically with the amount of isothermal aging or aging temperature, regardless of whether the aging temperature is below, at, or above the Tg of the material. From the creep results, it was seen that at a given time, the creep strains were much lower for the aged samples relative to the non-aged samples. Thermal aging has a significant effect on the secondary creep rate, which decreases with both the aging temperature and the aging time. Up to a 100X reduction in the creep rate was observed, and the major changes occurred during the first 50 days of the isothermal aging.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Experimental Support for the Dynamic Concentration Theory of Forming an Oil Reservoir at the Inlet of the Roll Bite by Measuring the Onset Speed of Starvation as a Function of Oil Concentration and Droplet Size

The dynamic concentration theory describes a mechanism of how an oil reservoir forms at the inlet of the roll bite when an emulsion is used as the lubricant. This theory assumes that oil droplets larger than the thickness of the lubricant film in the deformation zone become trapped when they come into contact by both the surface of the sheet and the surface of the work roll. As the droplets move toward the deformation zone, water is left behind or squeezed out by the flattening of the oil droplets. At some point, the surfaces of the trapped oil droplets come into contact with each other, resulting in an inversion where oil becomes the continuous phase. The dynamic concentration theory predicts that the height of the meniscus where this inversion occurs is a function of the percent oil concentration and the diameter of the oil droplets. To test the dynamic concentration theory, the onset speed of starvation on a laboratory rolling mill was determined by measuring the speed in which load increases relative ...
Inactivation of Cyclic AMP‐Dependent Taurine Release from Astroglia

: When astroglial cells are exposed to β-adrenergic agonists for long periods of time (>20 min), transient increases in taurine release and intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) are observed. Three phases of taurine release can be distinguished: activation, inactivation, and an elevated steady state. In this article, we present data describing the relationship between intracellular cAMP levels and inactivation of taurine release. To do this, we compared the apparent first-order rate constants for the inactivation of taurine release (ktau) with the apparent first-order rate constant for the decline of intracellular cAMP (kCAMP). We also measured ktau under experimental conditions that were chosen to provide a wide range of intracellular cAMP concentrations or to stimulate release without the involvement of the β-adrenergic receptor and adenylate cyclase. When taurine release was stimulated with a saturating concentration of isoproterenol, the inactivation of release was significantly faster than the decline of intracellular cAMP. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in ktau measured under any of the experimental conditions used. Thus, inactivation of taurine release does not involve changes in the activity of the β-adrenergic receptor and adenylate cyclase, i.e., desensitization, and appears to be independent of the intracellular concentration of cAMP. These results indicate that cAMP-mediated events can be regulated by mechanism(s) in addition to those that control receptor-adenylate cyclase interactions and the synthesis of cAMP. Such regulation may occur by inactivation of protein kinase A activity or the taurine transport mechanism or by activation of a phosphoprotein phosphatase.
Simulation System for Analysis of Specialized Mobile Robots

The aim of this paper is to present the simulation system for analysis of specialized mobile robots, which is equipped with a supporting human operator (on-board or teleoperator) computer system. Simulation is performed in real time, using a computer system and a mobile robot. Visualization of the environment simulation, movements of the vehicle, and behavior of the human operator are done by computer animation and partly by a mobile robot and its physical environment. The performance of the control unit in different environmental conditions, including detection of obstacles using different sensors, can be observed using a mobile robot moving in a simulated environment configured according to experimental requirements.
Deriving a closed-form expression for worm-scanning strategies

This work presents a closed-form expression for characterising the spread of a class of worm-scanning strategies through a mean-field approximation. This expression can both accurately capture the worm propagation speed before the number of infections becomes large and explicitly demonstrate the effects of important parameters such as the vulnerable-host distribution and the worm-scanning strategy. Experimental results verify that the closed-form expression can accurately reflect the mean value of infections over time before the infected hosts become saturated for a wide range of scanning methods including static worm-scanning strategies and self-learning worms.
Studies on the metabolism of guanethidine in hypertensive patients

Abstract The urinary excretion of guanethidine (G) and its metabolites was studied in seven subjects with essential hypertension after a single oral dose of 14 C-G and after long-term treatment with oral doses ranging from 10 to 141 mg daily. One metabolite (M 1 ) could be adsorbed on and eluted from cationic exchange resin in the same way as G itself. However, G was extractable into ether from alkaline solutions, whereas M 1 remained in the aqueous phase. Both G and M 1 were measured by a specific fluorometric method and by radioassay. The urine of patients treated with 14 C-G contained more radioactivity than could be accounted for by G and M 1 , indicating the presence of at least one more metabolite of the drug.
Navigating the cancer information environment: The reciprocal relationship between patient-clinician information engagement and information seeking from nonmedical sources.

Prior theory has argued and empirical studies have shown that cancer patients rely on information from their health care providers as well as lay sources to understand and make decisions about their disease. However, research on the dynamic and interdependent nature of cancer patients’ engagement with different information sources is lacking. This study tested the hypotheses that patient–clinician information engagement and information seeking from nonmedical sources influence one another longitudinally among a representative cohort of 1,293 cancer survivors in Pennsylvania. The study hypotheses were supported in a series of lagged multiple regression analyses. Baseline seeking information from nonmedical sources positively predicted subsequent patient–clinician information engagement at 1-year follow-up. The reverse relationship was also statistically significant; baseline patient–clinician information engagement positively predicted information seeking from nonmedical sources at follow-up. These finding...
COBOL business graphics

This paper presents the results of a study of the problem of embedding graphical data representations in COBOL generated management reports. The particular issue is whether it is reasonable to attempt such coding in COBOL and whether the resulting code would be satisfactorily efficient in a microcomputer environment. While, clearly, COBOL is not the language of choice for graphics applications, we argue that the one-time coding effort is cost effective if the only alternative is to generate the graphs with some tool and then cut and paste.
Time-of-flight atom-probe field ion microscope analysis of thin films: Surface segregation of alloys and early stages of silicide formation

Abstract Basic information needed to understand the mechanisms of growth, and the properties and performance of thin solid films includes the atomic structures and compositional variations across the interface layers. This information can be obtained with the atom-probe field ion microscope. The atomic structures of a surface can be directly observed in the field ion microscope. Structures in the bulk can be revealed by gradual field evaporation of surface layers. The composition of each surface layer can be analyzed by pulse field evaporating the surface layer slowly and identifying the field evaporated atoms from their time of flight. Methods of atom-probe thin film analysis are described and results on the composition of thin surface films in alloy segregation and thin silicide films grown on metal surfaces are presented. Four distinctive stages of silicide formation on tungsten emitter surfaces have been observed. This result should be directly applicable to silicide growth on polycrystalline tungsten surfaces.
Fibroblast senescence in pressure ulcers

Pressure ulcers appear as localized chronic wounds in the middle of normal functioning skin. This study focuses on pressure ulcer fibroblasts cultured from the ulcer bed, ulcer margin, and normal, nonulcerated skin adjacent to the wound. From these areas we show that pressure ulcer fibroblasts become prematurely senescent. Verification of senescence was based on failure of cell populations to undergo a 0.5 population doubling after 1 week in culture, light microscopic appearance of late-passage senescent cells in culture, light microscopic verification of senescence in vivo and in vitro by anti-terminin staining, and ultrastructural identification of senescent fibroblasts by anti-terminin colloidal gold labeling. Although not all ulcer fibroblasts are senescent, there is a range of proliferative ability. The senescent phenotype of ulcer fibroblasts remains intact in vitro as these cells remain viable but are unable to complete DNA synthesis. Fibroblast senescence is not uniform in chronic wounds but varies within areas of the ulcer bed and from patient to patient. Although ulcer fibroblasts exhibit limited proliferative ability, fibroblasts from the ulcer margin and adjacent normal skin show a continued ability to divide. However, in all areas of the wound, the mean generation time of the fibroblast population is longer than commonly observed for cultured human diploid fibroblasts. At first passage, the mean generation time for fibroblasts from all patients is significantly different (p = .001, analysis of variance) among fibroblasts from the ulcer bed (4.2 2.2 days), ulcer margin (2.9 +/- 1.3 days), and adjacent normal skin (1.9 +/- 0.6 days). Analysis of the three cell groups by the post hoc Tukey test, using corrected p values shows that the difference between mean generation times among fibroblast populations from adjacent normal skin and ulcer bed are significantly different (p 0.05). These data may help to explain the poor response of certain pressure sores to aggressive medical treatment.
Structure proof for the timer from 3-methylcyclohex-2-enone

Abstract Previously it has been shown that under base-catalyzed conditions isophorone forms a “trimer”, actually condensation product involving the loss of two moles of water. In contrast we show by X-ray crystallography that 3-methylcyclohex-2-enone forms a true trimeric saturated triketone under the same conditions.
Determining the average cost of a book for allocation formulas: Comparing options

Academic libraries that use allocation formulas to divide monographic funds among academic departments frequently include the average cost of books per discipline as a variable. Published price indices provide average costs for some subjects, but for libraries serving interdisciplinary departments, purchasing nonbook materials with monographic funds, or purchasing foreign language materials, the published price indices may prove insufficient. This study investigates methods of determining average prices to be used in allocation formulas. As part of evaluating the allocation formula at Mississippi State University, the authors reviewed literature pertinent to library use of allocation formulas, surveyed Carnegie Doctoral/Research Extensive land grant university libraries on their use of average price as a variable in allocation formulas, and calculated allocations using average price data from four sources: The Bowker Annual , previous acquisition cost data, Blackwell Price Reports, and Blackwell approval plan profiles. The pros and cons of each method of determining average price are discussed.
Study of phase separation in polyurethanes using paramagnetic labels: effect of soft-segment molecular weight and temperature

Abstract The objective of this study is to assess the effect of temperature and molecular weight of the soft segment on the degree of mixing between the hard and soft segments in segmented polyurethanes. The method of study consists of measuring electron spin resonance (e.s.r.) spectra of a nitroxide spin label in a series of segmented polyether polyurethanes (PU), in the temperature range 100–450 K. The PU are based on 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(tetramethylene oxide) glycol (PTMO) and 1,4-butane diol (BD) as the chain extender. The polymers were prepared from four molecular weights ( MW ) of PTMO: 650, 1000, 2000 and 2900. The hard-segment content is constant in all polymers prepared (38 wt%). The nitroxide probe 4-hydroxy-2,2′,6,6′-piperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL) was attached to the polymer chains by reaction with an -NCO group of MDI. The nitroxide label is therefore located at a chain end. Two sites for the label, differing in their dynamical properties, were detected in all polymers around 300 K and most likely represent the hard and soft domains of the PU. Analysis of the e.s.r. spectra indicates that at ambient temperature (300 K) the increase in the MW of PTMO decreases the degree of mixing between the two segments in the PU. At 400 K the trend is reversed, and the PU containing the soft segment with the largest molecular weight has the highest degree of phase mixing. The lineshapes detected at 400 K can be interpreted in terms of a distribution of label sites, characterized by widths δg and δA of the g iso and A iso (from 14 N) values, respectively, and reflecting the polarity profile in the polymers.
The removal of plates and screws after Le Fort I osteotomy

Purpose: This study is a retrospective chart review designed to evaluate the incidence and reasons for removal of plates and screws after Le Fort I osteotomy. Patients and Methods: The study sample consisted of patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy at the University of California, San Francisco, and Northwestern University in Chicago between December 1985 and December 1994. All patients in the study were treated with internal fixation using 2.0-mm plates and screws. All data were obtained from medical records and operative reports. The following intraoperative variables were evaluated: hardware material, plate size and shape, plate location, screw size, graft material, and intraoperative complications. For patients requiring removal of hardware, the number, location and type of plates and screws removed were recorded, as well as the reasons for removal. Results: A total of 738 plates were placed in 190 patients. Twenty-one of the 190 patients (11.1%) had at least a portion of the hardware removed because they either requested removal or required removal secondary to complications related to the plate or screw. This represented 70 of 738 plates (9.5%). The percentage of titanium plates removed was greater than the percentage of Vitallium plates removed. The reasons for removal included pain, palpation by the patient, sinusitis, temperature sensitivity, infection, and patient request. Conclusion: Only a small number of patients (10.6%) develop complications from plates or screws that required their removal. In each case, prompt removal constituted adequate management.
Evaluating the guest experience at theme parks: an empirical investigation of key attributes.

The study identified and documented a consumer-oriented attribute inventory for evaluating theme parks. Data were collected from 608 Central Florida residents, domestic and international tourists who identified and ranked the level of importance of 41 attributes and park characteristics when visiting a typical theme park. Further analysis of the data using factor analysis identified seven key constructs that summarised important areas of concern when consumers evaluate theme parks. The majority of these factors were related to guest experiences such as (i) entertainment variety and quality; (ii) courtesy, cleanliness, safety and security; (iii) food variety and value for money; (iv) quality of theming and design; (v) availability and variety of family-oriented activities; (vi) quality and variety of rides and attractions; and (vii) pricing and value for money. Implications for theme park owners, operators and marketing executives were discussed in light of the increasing demand for distinctive guest experiences while visiting theme parks. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thirty-four years of hibernating myocardium: a case report.

Myocardial viability is a vital concept in the assessment of patients with cardiac dysfunction and coronary artery disease. Demonstrating viable myocardium alters management and prognosis for patients.
Regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell responses to insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I by local IGF-binding proteins.

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is a pleiotropic hormone that regulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. These actions are mediated by the IGF-I receptor. How activation of the same receptor by the same ligand leads to these diverse cellular responses is not well understood. Here we describe a novel mechanism specifying VSMC responses to IGF-I stimulation, distinctive for the pivotal roles of local IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). The role of local IGFBPs was indicated by comparing the activities of IGF-I and des-1–3-IGF-I, an IGF-I analog with reduced binding affinity to IGFBPs. Compared with IGF-I, des-1–3-IGF-I was more potent in stimulating DNA synthesis but much less potent in inducing directed migration of VSMCs. When the effects of individual IGFBPs were tested, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4 were found to inhibit IGF-I-stimulated DNA synthesis and migration. IGFBP-5 had an inhibitory effect on IGF-I-stimulated DNA synthesis, but it strongly potentiated IGF-I-induced VSMC migration. By using a non-IGF-binding IGFBP-5 mutant and an IGF-I-neutralizing antibody, it was demonstrated that IGFBP-5 also stimulates VSMC migration in an IGF-independent manner. This effect of IGFBP-5 was inhibited by soluble heparin and by treating cells with heparinase. Mutation of the heparin-binding motif of IGFBP-5 reduced its migration promoting activity. These findings suggest that local IGFBPs are important determinants of cellular responses to IGF-I stimulation, and a key player in this paradigm is IGFBP-5. IGFBP-5 not only modulates IGF-I actions, but it also stimulates cell migration by interacting with cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
An in situ cytochemical evaluation of blood–brain barrier sodium, potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase polarity

It is presently believed that sodium, potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na+, K+-ATPase) is localized on the abluminal plasma membrane of brain endothelial cells. But there have been contrary reports from some cytochemical studies. We examined the localization of the enzyme in rat cerebral microvessel endothelium using the in situ model originally employed to establish the abluminal polarity concept. Alterations in fixation and incubation media from the original reports were conducted to determine the effect on localization pattern. With the Ernst indirect incubation method as originally used, three types of localization patterns were obtained: abluminal only, luminal only, and on both surfaces of endothelial cells. With the direct incubation method of Mayahara, reaction product was seen on both surfaces. Reduction in fixation time followed by the use of the indirect incubation method resulted in a complete loss of the reaction product. The same reduction in fixation time followed by the use of the direct method did not alter the localization pattern of the enzyme. Our results demonstrated that Na+, K+-ATPase is localized on both surfaces of brain endothelial cells. The localization pattern of Na+, K+-ATPase is significantly dependent upon fixation and the incubation medium used in the in situ model. Data discrepancies for the enzyme as reported in the literature appear to be caused by differences in cytochemical protocols, rather than the biological reasons advocated by other investigators. We conclude that past cytochemical reports of blood–brain barrier (BBB) Na+, K+-ATPase abluminal localization were incomplete. The currently held abluminal polarity theory of the enzyme needs to be reexamined. Past basic and clinical cytochemical studies of BBB Na+, K+-ATPase should be viewed and interpreted with caution.
NASOGENITAL RELATIONSHIP. II PSEUDOPREGNANCY FOLLOWING EXTIRPATION OF THE SPHENOPA ATINE GANGLION IN THE RAT1

IN A STUDY of the mechanism of the naso-genital relationship, it was shown (1) that in a series of 127 rats treated intranasally with silver nitrate, 69 animals (54%) became pseudopregnant. In order to discover whether the silver nitrate was acting as an irritant or as a depressant, the experiment was repeated (2) using for intranasal treatment separate reagents which were known to be either irritating or depressing. Oleum sinapis (mustard oil) was used as the irritant; nupercaine, a local anesthetic, as the depressant. It was found that the irritant did not reproduce the results obtained with silver nitrate, whereas nupercaine was as effective as silver nitrate in eliciting pseudopregnancy (58 of 115 cases, 50%). The production of pseudopregnancy by the anesthetizing of the rat's nasal mucosa suggested the possibility of a nervous receptor factor in the naso-genital relationship. Therefore, in the present experiment, the condition of local anesthesia was partially reproduced by interrupting the non-olfac...
Reversing storm hotspots on sandy beaches: Spatial and temporal characteristics

Coastal erosion hotspots are defined as sections of coast that exhibit significantly higher rates of erosion than adjacent areas. This paper describes the spatial and temporal characteristics of a recently identified type of coastal erosion hotspot, which forms in response to storms on uninterrupted sandy coasts largely free from human intervention. These are referred to here as reversing storm hotspots because the erosion is reversed by accretion of a similar magnitude to the storm-induced erosion. The accretion occurs within a few days or weeks of fair weather after the storm. Reversing storm hotspots observed here, on two US east coast beaches, have a longshore length averaging 3.86 km, a cross-shore excursion (magnitude of erosion or accretion) averaging 15.4 m, and a time scale of days to weeks associated with individual storm events. These spatial and temporal scales clearly distinguish reversing storm hotspots from previously described forms of longshore variability in erosion, including those attributed to several types of shoreline undulations and hotspots associated with long-term shoreline change.
Role of Estrogen Receptor Alpha and Beta Expression and Signaling on Cognitive Function During Aging

This review presents evidence for the idea that the expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ) interacts with the level of estradiol (E2) to influence the etiology of age-related cognitive decline and responsiveness to E2 treatments. There is a nonmonotonic dose response curve for E2 influences on behavior and transcription. Evidence is mounting to indicate that the dose response curve is shifted according to the relative expression of ERα and ERβ. Recent work characterizing age-related changes in the expression of ERα and ERβ in the hippocampus, as well as studies using mutant mice, and viral mediated delivery of estrogen receptors indicate that an age-related shift in ERα/ERβ expression, combined with declining gonadal E2 can impact transcription, cell signaling, neuroprotection, and neuronal growth. Finally, the role of ERα/ERβ on rapid E2 signaling and synaptogenesis as it relates to hippocampal aging is discussed.
Holographic Fringe Linearization Interferometry (FLI) For Defect Detection: Part II - Comparison Of Observation With Prediction

We present results from our program on fringe linearization for double exposure holographic interferometry for the detection of defects in large areas of metal structures. A model is developed to simulate the expected holographic results, and its predictions are compared to the observations as an aid in refining this nondestructive evaluation procedure. The test specimens are aluminum plates containing circular holes and supported on three sides. Between holographic images a bending moment is applied across the hole. The specimens contain either a through cut or a part-through cut designed to approximate through and part-through cracks respectively. The interference holograms are created by double exposure. Between the first and second exposures the bending moment is applied, and the incident beam is rotated creating fringes which result from specimen deformation and beam rotation. The degree of beam rotation controls the extent to which the fringes are linearized. The supporting finite element modeling and analysis is performed using the ANSYS computer code and plate elements. Fringe linearization is accomplished by adding a rigid body deformation to the deformation field. We will discuss the excellent agreement between experimental FLI results and the finite element predictions for the case of a specimen with a part-through crack in the back surface and not optically visible.
Monoamine oxidase activity in liver of thyroid-fed rats.

Abstract 1. 1. The epinephrine and norepinephrine content of plasma of Nembutal-anesthetized rats in various thyroid states was determined. One liter of plasma from normal rats had 6.2 μg. norepinephrine and 0.9 μg. epinephrine. One liter of plasma from thyroidectomized rats had 6.7 μg. norepinephrine and 2.1 μg. epinephrine. Plasma from thyroid-fed animals had 12.0 μg. norepinephrine and 4.0 μg. epinephrine per liter. 2. 2. A comparison of hepatic mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity of rats in different thyroid states revealed that mitochondria from normal rats oxidized tyramine twice as fast as did those from rats fed thyroid substance. 3. 3. Monoamine oxidase activity declined steadily during thyroid feeding and was restored to normal levels after discontinuing the treatment. 4. 4. Evidence is presented that the decreased monoamine oxidase activity in the liver of thyroid-fed rats is not due to direct inhibition of the enzyme by thyroid hormone or other inhibitors in the tissue. 5. 5. The monoamine oxidase is distributed among the various cellular components in the same relative amounts in livers of thyroid-fed rats as in normal rats. 6. 6. Partial solubilization of monoamine oxidase resulted after sonation of acetone-dried hepatic mitochondria.
Gun Ownership Among Women Living in One Adult Households

Although there is a large body of literature on the determinants of handgun ownership, most of the studies have focused on males and very little is known about the social correlates of gun ownership among American women. In this study, we use the NORC General Social Survey data (1973–1991) to examine the social correlates of gun ownership among a national sample of American women who are the only adult in the household. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance results reveal that the percentage of women who have a gun at home has fluctuated between a high of 27.4 percent reached in 1977 and a low of 8.1 percent recorded in 1991. Ownership tends to be higher among women who are from rural counties, predominantly southern, married, and between 50–59 years old. Moreover the study found that gun ownership was more prevalent among women who oppose gun control legislation and who support the death penalty. The study found that women living in households where there are no children twelve and under are mo...
Swept-frequency, magnetically-coupled resonant tags for realtime, continuous, multiparameter control

We have developed a passive tag reader optimized for applications in human-computer interaction. It sweeps through a 50-300 kHz read frequency, flagging any magnetically-coupled resonators in that range. It is a minimally-complicated circuit, and is able to provide the center frequency, resonance width, and amplitude for each detected tag over a serial line at 30 Hz continuous updates. The tags are easily fashioned, consisting only of an inductor and capacitor or magnetostrictor tag cut to appropriate length. We have written an engaging musical application to demonstrate this system, tagging over 11 different objects and tracking their proximity and state, launching or modifying musical sounds in accordance.
Social drinkers underestimate the additive impairing effects of alcohol and visual degradation on behavioral functioning

Rationale Studies have shown that social drinkers are poor estimators of alcohol-induced impairment. Underestimates of blood alcohol concentration and other indices of intoxication are associated with decisions to perform risky behaviors, such as operating a motor vehicle. It is possible that self-evaluations of impaired functioning under alcohol might be particularly compromised in the presence of other sources of impairment. A common source of impairment that co-occurs with alcohol is visual degradation.
In Whose Home? Multigenerational Families in the United States, 1998–2000:

This article examines multigenerational living arrangements of white, black, and Latino individuals using data from the Current Population Surveys. We describe people in multigenerational households as “hosts” or “guests.” In terms of resources, guests have no home of their own, whereas hosts maintain an important source of independence. By age, the proportion of adults living as guests peaks in the late twenties, then declines until the late seventies. In contrast, hosting rates peak in the fifties. Men have higher guest rates and women have higher host rates at almost all ages. While blacks and Latinos are more likely than whites to live in multigenerational households, those with higher incomes are less likely to live in multigenerational households and if they are living in multigenerational households are less likely to be guests, regardless of race-ethnicity. We interpret this as consistent with the assumption that residential independence is generally preferred.
Desoxyribose nucleic acid in embryonic diploid and haploid tissues.

Nuclear DNA values were determined by the cytochemical photometric method for various tissues of diploid and haploid Rana pipiens embryos. It was found that the ratio of diploid to haploid amounts of nuclear DNA was approximately two to one.
Remote Sensing Image Segmentation by Combining Spectral and Texture Features

We present a new method for remote sensing image segmentation, which utilizes both spectral and texture information. Linear filters are used to provide enhanced spatial patterns. For each pixel location, we compute combined spectral and texture features using local spectral histograms, which concatenate local histograms of all input bands. We regard each feature as a linear combination of several representative features, each of which corresponds to a segment. Segmentation is given by estimating combination weights, which indicate segment ownership of pixels. We present segmentation solutions where representative features are either known or unknown. We also show that feature dimensions can be greatly reduced via subspace projection. The scale issue is investigated, and an algorithm is presented to automatically select proper scales, which does not require segmentation at multiple-scale levels. Experimental results demonstrate the promise of the proposed method.
Comparative Studies of Semiactive Control Strategies for MR Dampers: Pure Simulation and Real-Time Hybrid Tests

AbstractThis paper presents comparisons of the performances of three semiactive control algorithms for use with multiple magnetorheological (MR) dampers. The three controllers are (1) the clipped-optimal controller, (2) the decentralized output feedback polynomial controller, and (3) the simple passive controller. These controllers use different types of inputs to calculate control signals for the MR dampers, based on different control mechanisms. To investigate the advantages of each controller, a three-degree-of-freedom steel moment-resisting frame, designed using a performance-based design methodology, was developed. The performance was investigated by using four different earthquakes utilized during the design of the building frame. Comparisons of the controllers’ performance were carried out in terms of reduction in the maximum interstory drifts, displacements, absolute accelerations, and control forces. Real-time hybrid tests were carried out to validate these comparisons.
Impact of combined prenatal ethanol and prenatal stress exposure on anxiety and hippocampal-sensitive learning in adult offspring.

Background Prenatal ethanol (EtOH) and prenatal stress have both been independently shown to induce learning deficits and anxiety behavior in adult offspring. However, the interactive effects of these two developmental teratogens on behavioral outcomes have not been systematically evaluated.
Remarkable Loop Flexibility in Avian Influenza N1 and Its Implications for Antiviral Drug Design

The emergence and continuing global spread of the highly virulent avian influenza H5N1 has raised concerns of a possible human pandemic. Several approved anti-influenza drugs effectively target the neuraminidase (NA), a surface glycoprotein that cleaves terminal sialic acid residues and facilitates the release of viral progeny from infected cells. The first crystal structures of group-1 NAs revealed that although the binding pose of oseltamivir was similar to that seen in previous crystallographic complexes, the 150-loop adopted a distinct conformation, opening a new cavity adjacent to the active site. Here we show that the 150-loop is able to open into significantly wider conformations than seen in the crystal structures, through explicitly solvated MD simulations of the apo and oseltamivir-bound forms of tetrameric N1. We find that motion in the 150-loop is coupled to motion in the neighboring 430-loop, which expands the active site cavity even further. Furthermore, in simulations of the oseltamivir-bou...
HIV/AIDS, Nurses, and the Black Church: A Case Study

Historically, the Black church has participated by lending support, providing care, and being actively involved in the health and social welfare of its members. However, since the epidemic impact of HIV/AIDS in the Black community, the church has been sharply criticized for its lukewarm response and involvement. Nurses are in a unique position to participate in educating the Black community about HIV/AIDS through the church. This article provides an insight into the response by the Black church to the disease and the potential role of nurses in faith communities, and offers recommendations for planning an HIV/AIDS program and a list of helpful resources.
A possible role for the thyroid in reproductive inhibition in laboratory populations of the prairie deermouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Serum thyroxine concentrations were determined and found to be reduced in reproductively inhibited deermice selected from controlled growth laboratory populations. Daily injections of 1 microgram thyroxine in reproductively inhibited male deermice were shown to significantly increase testis weight and the number of spermatids with acrosome formation. Daily feeding of thyroxine to a controlled growth population promoted an increase in the mean weights of the reproductive organs of both sexes that was intermediate between reproductively inhibited and capable deermice. Also, two females in the population produced the first surviving young after 250 days of inhibition.
Non-destructive methods of characterization of risperidone solid lipid nanoparticles.

The objective of this investigation is to evaluate compositional variations and their interaction of the solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulation of risperidone using response surface methodology of design of experiment (DOE) and subsequently, characterize the SLN by non-destructive methods of analysis. Box-Behnken DOE was constructed using drug (X(1)), lipid (X(2)) and surfactant (X(3)) level as independent factors. Compritol 888 ATO and sodium lauryl sulphate were used as lipid and surfactant, respectively. The SLN was prepared by solvent evaporation method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and NIR-chemical imaging (NIR-CI). Responses measured were entrapment efficiency (Y(1)), D(90) (Y(2)), zeta potential (Y(3)), burst effect (Y(4)) and cumulative release in 8h (Y(5)). Statistically significant (p 0.996 for prediction and calibration model of both risperidone and compritol 888 ATO. The accuracy of models in predicting risperidone and compritol 888 ATO were 1.60% and 11.27%, respectively. In conclusion, the DOE reveals significant effect of drug loading on SLN characteristics, and chemometric models based on NIR and NIR-CI data provided non-destructive method of estimation of components of SLN.
Preparation of alkylsilicon hydrides

Abstract All four methylsilanes, vinylsilane and divinylsilane were isolated as products from the reaction between silane and the appropriate alkyllithium compound. Methyldisilane was obtained from reaction with disilane. Further methylation of methyldisilane produced 1,2-dimethyldisilane and 1,1-dimethyldisilane in a five to one ratio. The reaction between disilane and vinyllithium was also investigated. Methyldisilane and both dimethyldisilanes were obtained from silent electric discharge reactions.