cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bonding in the first-row diatomic molecules within the local spin-density approximation

The Hohenberg-Kohn-Sham density-functional equations in the local spin-density approximation (LSDA) have been solved with essentially no loss of accuracy for dimers of the first row of the Periodic Table with the use of a fully-self-consistent spin-polarized Gaussian-orbital approach. Spectroscopic constants (binding energies, equilibrium separations, and ground-state vibrational frequencies) have been derived from the calculated potential-energy curves. Intercomparison of results obtained using the exchange-correlation functionals of Slater (scaled exchange or X..cap alpha..), Gunnarsson and Lundqvist (GL), and Vosko, Wilk, and Nusair (VWN) permits assessment of the relative merits of each and serves to identify general shortcomings in the LSDA. Basic trends are similar for each functional, but the treatment of the spin dependence of the exchange-correlation energy in the GL and VWN functionals yields a variation of the binding energy across the series which is more systematic than that in the X..cap alpha.. approximation. Agreement between the present results and those of Dunlap, Connolly, and Sabin in the X..cap alpha.., approximation confirms the accuracy of the variational charge-density-fit procedure used in the latter work. The refinements in correlation treatment within the VWN functional are reflected in improvements in binding energies which are only slight for most dimers in the series. Thismore » behavior is attributed to the error remaining in the exchange channel within the LSDA and demonstrates the necessity for self-interaction corrections for more accurate binding-energy determinations. Within the current LSDA, absolute accuracies of the VWN functional for the first-row dimers are within 2.3 eV for binding energies, 0.07 a.u. for bond lengths, and approx.200 cm/sup -1/ for vibrational frequencies.« less
Chemical ionization mass spectrometric measurement of α-methyldopa and s-dopa metabolites in rat brain regions

In order to study combined s-dopa and s-α-methyldopa metabolism in brain, we have developed a chemical ionization mass spectrometric method for simultaneously measuring nanomole quantities of dopamine, α-methyldopamine, norepinephrine, and α-methylnorepinephrine from tissue samples dissected from rat brain. Deuterium-labeled analogs of each of the four catecholamines were synthesized and used as internal standards for quantification. Following addition of the internal standards to the tissue sections, the catecholamines were extracted and separated from amino acids by ion-exchange chromatography. Derivatization with HCl·ethanol and pentafluoropropionic anhydride produced a family of eight derivatives with unique parent masses which were applied without gas chromatographic separation to the direct inlet probe of the mass spectrometer. The mass region containing the derivatives was repetitively scanned, and the individual amines were quantified by comparing their peak heights with the deuterium-labeled internal standards. To validate the solid probe method in vivo, animals were treated with varying combinations of s-dopa and s-α-methyldopa, and their brains were analyzed for amine concentrations. Results from rat hypothalamus, brainstem, and corpus striatum are presented.
Have we overlooked the pilot's role in an automated flight deck

Having adopted a philosophy of presenting situation information rather than command type as evidenced in flight directors and of keeping the pilot in a decision-making role, a series of simulation and flight experiments has occurred over a number of years as part of the Langley Terminal Configured Vehicle program. This paper traces the development, refinement, and integration of electronic pictorial displays, and a computer augmented velocity vector control mode. Some benefits and performances derived within the basic philosophy and information usage are brought forth in the discussion as results from the various simulator and flight evaluations are presented.
Measuring the impact of the Voices of Survivors program on health care workers' attitudes toward survivors of intimate partner violence.

BACKGROUND: Most continuing medical education programs on intimate partner violence (IPV) use an expert-driven approach and focus on changing knowledge and screening behaviors. The Voices of Survivors program aims to also improve attitudes and empathy. OBJECTIVES: To test the Attitudes Toward Survivors of IPV (ATSI) survey psychometrically. To assess the effectiveness of the Voices of Survivors program in changing health care workers’ responsibility to assess for and counsel about IPV, respect for patient autonomy, empathy toward patients in abusive relationships, barriers, confidence, knowledge, and self-reported assessment behaviors. SETTING: Thirty-one unaffiliated primary care practices in Washington County, Ore. DESIGN: Comparison of ATSI survey results before and after a two-hour workshop including a 30-minute video and an advocate-led discussion. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of primary care providers, medical support staff, and other clinic employees. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty-four health care workers participated in the training. Two hundred and sixty-seven (94%) completed workshop evaluations and 187 (66%) completed both pre- and postintervention surveys. Cronbach’s α for all scales ranged from 0.68 to 0.92. Postintervention, participants’ summary scores improved for responsibility to assess for IPV (3.96 vs 3.64; P<.0001), respect for patient autonomy (2.78 vs 2.41; P<.0001), empathy (3.24 vs. 2.99; P=.002), confidence (2.33 vs 2.07; P<.0001), knowledge (2.08 vs 1.64; P<.0001), and self-reported behaviors (3.08 vs 2.53; P=.0001). Barriers related to availability of resources and referrals also improved. CONCLUSIONS: The ATSI scales demonstrated good internal reliability and responsiveness to change in all domains except responsibility to counsel. The Voices of Survivors documentary, along with a workshop based on its companion guide, improved clinic employees’ knowledge, attitudes, empathy, and self-reported assessment behaviors about IPV.
Representation of additive and biadditive functionals

I. Representation of Additive Functionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 A. The Finite Nonatomir Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 B. The a-Finite Nonatomic Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 2. Representation of Biadditive Functionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 I0 A. The Finite Nonatomic Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 B. The a-Finite Nonatomic Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Methylamine hydrogenolysis on a rhodium catalyst: kinetics at high hydrogen partial pressures

The kinetics of hydrogenolysis of methylamine to methane and ammonia on a rhodium catalyst were investigated at hydrogen partial pressures in the range of 2–10 atm at temperatures of 368, 383, and 408 K. At a fixed methylamine partial pressure, the rate decreased with increasing hydrogen partial pressure. When the hydrogen pressure was held constant, the rate increased with increasing methylamine pressure. Results of a previous investigation by our group at lower hydrogen partial pressures (0.01–1 atm) indicated that the hydrogenolysis rate passed through a maximum with increasing hydrogen pressure. Moreover, at the lower hydrogen pressures, there was an inverse rather than positive dependence of the rate on methylamine partial pressure. With the aid of the present results, there is a much clearer definition of the maximum in the experimental data relating the reaction rate to hydrogen partial pressure. The inversion of the effect of methylamine pressure on the rate as the hydrogen pressure is varied over a sufficiently wide range is also firmly established. With regard to the interpretation of the many interesting features of the kinetics, we retain the suggestion from our earlier work that the rate limiting step at the highest hydrogen pressures is the scission of the carbon-nitrogen bond in a partially dehydrogenated methylamine intermediate chemisorbed on the rhodium, with no direct participation of hydrogen as a reactant in this step. At the lowest hydrogen pressures, however, there is a different rate limiting step in which hydrogen does participate directly as a reactant.
Hemodynamic effects of intravenous lidocaine in isoflurane anesthetized cats

Lidocaine dose-dependently decreases the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in cats. The purpose of this study was to determine the hemodynamic effects of six lidocaine plasma concentrations in isoflurane anesthetized cats. Six cats were studied. After instrumentation, end-tidal isoflurane concentration was set at 1.25 times the individual minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), which was determined in a previous study. Lidocaine was administered intravenously to target pseudo-steady state plasma concentrations of 0, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 μg ml–1, and isoflurane concentration was reduced to an equipotent concentration, determined in a previous study. Cardiovascular variables; blood gases; PCV; total protein and lactate concentrations; and lidocaine and monoethylglycinexylidide concentrations were measured at each lidocaine target concentration, before and during noxious stimulation. Derived variables were calculated. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures anova, followed by a Tukey test for pairwise comparisons where appropriate. One cat was excluded from analysis because the study was aborted at 7 μg ml–1 due to severe cardiorespiratory depression. Heart rate, cardiac index, stroke index, right ventricular stroke work index, total protein concentration, mixed-venous PO2 and hemoglobin oxygen saturation, arterial and mixed-venous bicarbonate concentrations, and oxygen delivery were significantly lower during lidocaine administration than when no lidocaine was administered. Mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance indices, PCV, arterial and mixed-venous hemoglobin concentrations, lactate concentration, arterial oxygen concentration, and oxygen extraction ratio were significantly higher during administration of lidocaine than when no lidocaine was administered. Most changes were significant at lidocaine target plasma concentrations of 7 μg ml–1 and above. Noxious stimulation did not significantly affect most variables. Despite significantly decreasing in inhalant requirements, when combined with isoflurane, lidocaine produces greater cardiovascular depression than an equipotent dose of isoflurane alone. The use of lidocaine to reduce isoflurane requirements is not recommended in cats.
Modeling of ion pairs in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.

The effects of Er–Er pairs on the characteristics of Er-doped fiber amplifiers are analyzed theoretically. Pairs are found to have little effect on the amplifier optimum length, signal saturation power, and noise figure (at constant gain) but to cause significant reduction in the gain, even at residual levels, quantitatively consistent with fiber laser measurements. A maximum tolerable fraction of paired ions near 8%, corresponding to approximately 400 mole parts in 106 Er2O3, is predicted for near-optimum gain efficiency in Al–Ge silica fibers.
Diffuse x-ray spectrometer experiment

The Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer Experiment, or 'DXS', is designed to measure the spectrum of the low-energy diffuse X-ray background with about 10 eV energy resolution and 15-deg spatial resolution. During a 5-day Space Shuttle mission, DXS is to measure the spectrum of ten 15 x 15 deg regions lying along a single 150-deg-long great circle arc on the sky. DXS carries two large-area X-ray Bragg spectrometers for the 44-84 A wavelength range; these permit measurement of the wavelength spectrum of the cosmic low-energy diffuse X-ray background with good spectral resolution.
The origin of ion exchange selectivity in a porous framework titanium silicate

The use of in-situ X-ray and neutron diffraction has elucidated the differences in the mechanism of ion exchange between a titanium silicate and a phase in which Nb is substituted for Ti at the 25% level both with the sitinakite structure. The area of interest is the very high level of selectivity required of the exchangers for use in nuclear waste systems.
A Numerical Comparison of Morison Equation Coefficients for Low Keulegan-Carpenter Number Flows: Both Sinusoidal and Nonsinusoidal

Abstract Numerical solutions have been obtained for a two-dimensional, viscosity-dominated oscillating flow past a rigid circular cylinder. The solutions are obtained in vorticity/stream function variables and forces on the cylinder have been calculated for flows oscillating sinusoidally and nonsinusoidally at Keulehan-Carpenter numbers of 1·02, 1·4, 2·4, and 4·8. Very good agreement was found between calculated and experimental force coefficients for the sinusoidal oscillations. As expected, the nonsinusoidal oscillation results did not agree with the sinusoidal results, except for the inertia coefficients which were essentially the same at the lowest KC values. The maximum dimensions force coefficient was found to decrease more rapidly with increasing KC for the sinusoidal fluid oscillation.
Simulation studies of ionospheric airglow signatures of plasma depletions at the equator

Abstract Computer simulation studies have described the vertical and horizontal characteristics of plasma depletions in the equatorial ionosphere. We have used those results to generate the airglow signatures of two F -rmregion emissions (6300 A and 7774 A) that can be used to relate observed morphologies to theoretical models. The airglow patterns that emerge show that the dominant features are enhancements in 6300 A levels to the east and west of the plasma depletions, while at 7774 A the airglow signals show reductions coincident with the integrated plasma depletions. Recent airglow imaging data from Natal, Brazil, confirm the simulation results, showing that the formation and earlytime behavior of ionospheric depletions can be studied by their airglow signatures observed from groundbased equatorial sites.
The effects of culture-maintained pancreatic islets on metabolic parameters, renal function, and glomerular lesions in the diabetic rat☆

This study was undertaken for two purposes: to determine whether cultured islets of adult donor rats could be used successfully to reverse the metabolic abnormalities of diabetes of long-term duration and to determine the effect of islet transplantation on renal function and glomerular lesions in diabetic rats. Four groups of rats were studied: (1) five age-matched normal control rats, (2) seven rats with chronic streptozotocin-induced diabetes, (3) six chronically diabetic rats transplant-improved for 3 months, and (4) five acutely diabetic rats transplant-improved for 12 months. Transplanted rats received 1500 culture-maintained adult pancreatic islets injected into the portal vein. Following successful islet transplantation, the metabolic parameters of diabetes, including hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and polyuria, returned to normal. Evaluation of renal function revealed that clearances of isotopic inulin and ϱ-aminohippuric acid were not different among the groups. However, proteinuria was significantly greater in diabetic rats than ir both normal (p < 0.001) and transplant-improved rats (p < 0.01). There was striking glomerular immunofluorescence for IgG and C3 in diabetic rats and none in the other groups. Quantitative morphometric electron microscopy revealed that the glomerular mesangium was significantly greater than normal in diabetic rats and decreased in the transplant-improved rats. The data indicate that culture-maintained islets from adult donors, as previously reported for diabetes of short-term duration, have the capacity to reverse the diabetic process in chronically diabetic rats; and that although rats with chronic diabetes do not exhibit an alteration of glomerular filtration rate, they do develop marked proteinuria, glomerular immunofluorescence, and mesangial thickening, all of which improve following successful islet transplantation.
Semantic picture recognition

This paper is a slightly edited version of a research progress report prepared for an internal publication of the Georgia Institute of Technology. It is reproduced here to make its contents more widely available.
A Structural Redundancy in d-Sequences

This note reports the observation that the reciprocals of primes have an excess of zeros. For a binary representation only 2 percent of the cases appear to have more ones than zeros.
Spectral interactions of piperonyl butoxide and isocyanides with purified hepatic cytochrome P-450 from uninduced mice.

Abstract 1. 1. The binding of isocyanides and the metabolites of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to reduced cytochrome P-450 in intact microsomes gives rise to the type III optical difference spectrum which is characterized by two pH dependent peaks in the Soret region. 2. 2. Each of the purified cytochrome P-450 isozymes (A1, B1, B2, B3) metabolized PBO and produced a spectrum in the Soret region. 3. 3. Only the A1 fraction produced the pH dependent type III spectrum. The B1 fraction produced a spectrum with only one peak at 430 nm while the spectrum produced by both the B2 and B3 fractions contained only the 455 nm peak. 4. 4. Each of the isozymes produce pH dependent type III spectra with both ethyl isocyanide and phenyl isocyanide dichloride.
Digestibility of Autoclaved Soybean Meal After Temporal Adaptation of Chicks to Unheated Soybean Meal

Abstract ALUMOT and Nitsan (1961) reported that intestinal proteolysis was com pletely inhibited in chicks fed unheated soybean meal up to three weeks of age. By four weeks of age proteolysis had increased and approached the normal by six weeks. These workers obtained a correlation between dietary anti-trypsin inhibitors and proteolytic activity in the intestinal contents. Pubols et al. (1964) found higher trypsin activity and lower amylase activity in pancreatic homogenates from fasted birds previously fed unheated soybean meal. These levels of enzymes were maintained fairly constantly during feeding, in contrast to the variations observed when autoclaved soybean meal was fed after a 16-hour fasting period. Applegarth et al. (1964) showed that pancreata from chicks fed unheated soybean meal were completely depleted of zymogen and attributed the decrease in proteolytic activity of the pancreas following feeding of unheated soybean meal to a loss of zymogen granules. Recent work by Salman et . . .
Food Transport in the 1980s

Changes in the transportation environment along with advancements in the technology of food production could have rather major impact on the nature of food movements and storage world-wide by the 1980s. Changes in world population growth is, of course, a major factor. However, technology alone will bring about many changes. Faster, more reliable and more economical transportation will allow us to exploit growing regions that are currently unused and new technology applied to processing and food preservation will allow new markets to be exploited in ways that are currently unfeasible.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Voriconazole Administered Orally as either Crushed or Whole Tablets

Voriconazole is a triazole antifungal agent used to treat serious, invasive fungal infections including aspergillosis and candidemia. Limitations with existing formulations of voriconazole including restricted utility in patients with renal dysfunction (intravenous preparation) and the unavailability of an oral suspension in some countries make the administration of crushed tablets desirable in many clinical scenarios. However, concerns that this approach may alter the systemic absorption of voriconazole exist. Therefore, an open-label, randomized, two-way crossover comparative pharmacokinetic (PK) study using healthy volunteers was performed to compare these methods of tablet administration. In a random sequence, subjects received voriconazole tablets either crushed or whole. The voriconazole dose was 400 mg every 12 h for 1 day orally followed by 200 mg every 12 h orally for 5.5 days. Study periods were separated by 7 days. PK parameters were determined by the noncompartmental method. An equivalence approach with no-effect boundaries of 80 to 125% was used to assess bioequivalence. Twenty healthy subjects (10 males; aged 20 to 43 years) were enrolled in and completed the study. The adjusted mean areas under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to τ, where τ equals 12 h, for the crushed and whole tablet groups were 9,793 and 11,164 ng · h/ml, respectively (ratio, 87.72; 90% confidence interval [CI], 80.97, 95.04). The ratio of the maximum concentration of drug in serum for the crushed tablet versus whole tablet arms was 94.94 (90% CI, 86.51, 104.22). The only difference noted between groups was a slightly faster time to maximum concentration of drug in serum when subjects received crushed tablets, 0.5 h versus 1.5 h (90% CI, −0.75, −0.25). Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 12 subjects receiving whole tablets and 9 subjects receiving crushed tablets; all were mild. The administration of crushed voriconazole tablets is bioequivalent to whole-tablet administration.
Time Series Analysis

Many phenomena unfold over time. For example, stock prices rise and fall, diseases run their course, and relationships ebb and flow. Occurrences like these create a time series — a sequence of observations identified by the order in which they occur. Owing to properties of inertia and persistence, the observations in a time series tend to change slowly and are frequently characterized by dependencies. Consequently, previous observations provide information about present observations, and ordinary least squares is an inefficient way to estimate the data.
Impact of narrow gap undulators on the Advanced Light Source

In low emittance synchrotron light sources the main source of beam loss is intrabeam or Touschek scattering. In most cases the Touschek scattered particles get lost on the vacuum chamber with the narrowest vertical gap. The particles reach the vertical chamber from either diffusion or coupling of the particle motion from the horizontal to the vertical plane. The beam lifetime can be very sensitive to the size of the vertical chamber that can limit the dynamic momentum aperture. The reduction in lifetime limits the minimum size of the chamber that can be installed in the ring. In this paper we examine the effect of the size of the vertical apertures on the beam lifetime at the ALS under various different machine conditions. We show that there are conditions where one can make the beam lifetime much less sensitive to the size of the vertical aperture.
Ubiquitin/SUMO modification of PCNA promotes replication fork progression in Xenopus laevis egg extracts.

The homotrimeric DNA replication protein proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is regulated by both ubiquitylation and sumoylation. We study the appearance and the impact of these modifications on chromosomal replication in frog egg extracts. Xenopus laevis PCNA is modified on lysine 164 by sumoylation, monoubiquitylation, and diubiquitylation. Sumoylation and monoubiquitylation occur during the replication of undamaged DNA, whereas diubiquitylation occurs specifically in response to DNA damage. When lysine 164 modification is prevented, replication fork movement through undamaged DNA slows down and DNA polymerase δ fails to associate with replicating chromatin. When sumoylation alone is prevented, replication occurs normally and neither monoubiquitylation nor sumoylation are required for the replication of simple single-strand DNA templates. Our findings expand the repertoire of functions for PCNA ubiquitylation and sumoylation by elucidating a role for these modifications during the replication of undamaged DNA. Furthermore, they suggest that PCNA monoubiquitylation serves as a molecular gas pedal that controls the speed of replisome movement during S phase.
Vegetable Consumption and Lung Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Hawaii

We conducted a population-based study of diet and lung cancer among the multiethnic population of Hawaii in 1983-1985. We completed interviews for 230 men and 102 women with lung cancer and 597 men and 268 women controls, frequency-matched to the patients by age and sex. A quantitative dietary history assessed the usual intake of foods rich in vitamins A and C and carotenoids. A clear dose-dependent negative association was demonstrated between dietary beta-carotene and lung cancer risk in both sexes. After adjusting for smoking and other covariates, the men in the lowest quartile of beta-carotene intake had an odds ratio of 1.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.2) compared to those in the highest quartile of intake. The corresponding odds ratio for women was 2.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-6.1). No clear association was found for retinol, vitamin C, folic acid, iron, dietary fiber, or fruits. All vegetables, dark green vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, and tomatoes showed stronger inverse associations with risk than beta-carotene. This observation suggests that other constituents of vegetables, such as lutein, lycopene, and indoles, and others, may also protect against lung cancer in humans.
Genetic bases of mental illness – a cure for stigma?

An increased emphasis on biological causes of mental illness has been viewed as having the potential to significantly reduce stigma. From this perspective, the current genetics revolution can be seen as a source of hope. However, some have argued that biological attributions could increase stigma, for example by making the ill person seem 'defective' or 'physically distinct' -- 'almost a different species'. In this paper, I use a multicomponent conceptualization of stigma as a guide in forming hypotheses about the likely impact of genetic attributions on the stigma of mental illness.
A Bridge to FARS: Information Literacy for Accounting Undergraduates

Abstract The complexity of accounting literature and the need to increase critical thinking skills among accounting undergraduates provided an opportunity to create an information literacy teaching module for the Advanced Accounting course at Sonoma State University. The module, developed in collaboration with the accounting instructor, used the case research method. It included teaching students the characteristics and sources of authoritative accounting literature, development of search strategy, use of specialized search tools, and evaluation of sources to solve an accounting business case. The module was implemented over three consecutive semesters. Students were surveyed both before and after the exercise to determine familiarity with specialized accounting documents and whether their search method had changed as a result of their research experience.
Integrated Data Relocation and Bus Reconfiguration for Adaptive System-on-Chip Platforms

Dynamic variations in application functionality and performance requirements can lead to the imposition of widely disparate requirements on System-on-Chip (SoC) platform hardware over time. This has led to interest in the design and use of adaptive SoC platforms that are capable of providing high performance in the face of such variations. Recent advances in circuits and architectures are enabling platforms that contain various mechanisms for run-time adaptation. However, the problem of exploiting such configurability in a coordinated manner at the system level remains a challenging task. In this work, we focus on two configurable subsystems of SoC platforms that play a crucial role in determining overall system performance, namely, the on-chip communication architecture, and the on-chip memory architecture. Using detailed case studies, we demonstrate the limitations of designs in which the architectural configuration of a bus-based communication architecture and the placement of data in memory are statically optimized, and those in which each is customized separately, without considering their interdependence. We propose an integrated methodology for dynamically relocating on-chip data and reconfiguring the communication architecture, and discuss the necessary hardware support. Experiments conducted on an SoC platform that integrates decoders for the UMTS (3G) and IEEE 802.11a (Wireless LAN) standards demonstrate that the proposed integrated adaptation technique helps boost the maximum achievable performance by up to 32% over the best statically optimized design.
Decentralising the Active Welfare State: The Relevance of Intergovernmental Structures in Italy and Spain

This article contributes to the literatures on the governance of activation and the territorial structure of the welfare state by drawing attention to the institutional designs of active welfare states and the architectures of decentralisation, as well as to their manifestations and implications. With the end of capturing dissimilar intergovernmental models of activation, this paper develops a framework of ‘centre–regional’ relations, which we apply to the cases of Italy and Spain – two countries that have devolved active labour market policy powers to their regions but have organised power-sharing structures very differently. The findings suggest that when it comes to active welfare states, horizontal arrangements are linked to salient institutional variations across the territory. By contrast, hierarchical structures, which are characterised by a dominant role of central level governments, are linked to higher levels of cohesion. These findings are relevant as they expose the manifestations and implications of distinct decentralisation models on activation regimes, welfare states, as well as on welfare clients.
At What Cost? Payment for Abortion Care by U.S. Women

Background: Most U.S. abortion patients are poor or low-income, yet most pay several hundred dollars out of pocket for these services. This study explores how women procure these funds. Methods: iPad-administered surveys were implemented among 639 women obtaining abortions at six geographically diverse healthcare facilities. Women provided information about insurance coverage, payment for service, acquisition of funds, and ancillary costs incurred. Findings: Only 36% of the sample lacked health insurance, but at least 69% were paying out of pocket for abortion care. Women were twice as likely to pay using Medicaid (16% of abortions) than private health insurance (7%). The most common reason women were not using private insurance was because it did not cover the procedure (46%), or they were unsure if it was covered (29%). Among women who did not use insurance for their abortion, 52% found it difficult to pay for the procedure. One half of patients relied on someone else to help cover costs, most commonly the man involved in the pregnancy. Most women incurred ancillary expenses in the form of transportation (mean, $44), and a minority also reported lost wages (mean, $198), childcare expenses (mean, $57) and other travel-related costs (mean, $140). Substantial minorities also delayed or did not pay bills such as rent (14%), food (16%), or utilities and other bills (30%) to pay for the abortion. Conclusions: Public and private health insurance plan coverage of abortion care services could ease the financial strain experienced by abortion patients, many of whom are low income. Copyright 2013 by the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Space Environment Laboratory

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Space Environment Laboratory (SEL), along with several other NOAA programs, is slated for a major budget reduction in FY 1985, a reduction which would have a serious impact upon the space environment services now provided by the laboratory. SEL, jointly with the U.S. Air Force's Air Weather Service, operates the Space Environment Services Center (SESC) in Boulder, Colorado. SESC acquires, in near real-time, world-wide data on solar activity, on the terrestrial magnetic field, and on energetic particles at geostationary and polar orbiting satellite altitudes. Data are available to SESC from solar observatories operated by both the Air Force and a number of nongovernment organizations, the NOAA geostationary and polar orbiting satellites, and a U.S.-Canadian magnetometer network.
Analytical modeling of a printed-circuit tensor impedance surface

Analysis of a printed-circuit tensor impedance surface is presented. The printed-circuit impedance surface consists of a periodic, subwavelength-patterned metallic cladding over a grounded dielectric substrate. It is analytically modeled as a tensor sheet impedance over a grounded dielectric substrate, and its dispersion equation is found. In addition, a method for extracting the tensor sheet impedance of an arbitrarily patterned metallic cladding is reported. The extraction method involves performing two normal-incidence scattering simulations with a full-wave solver, and does not require prior knowledge of the principle axes of the surface. By combining the tensor sheet extraction method with the dispersion equation, the full dispersion characteristics of the periodic structure can be analytically predicted within the homogenous limit. The results are verified through full-wave eigenmode simulation.
CTrigger: exposing atomicity violation bugs from their hiding places

Multicore hardware is making concurrent programs pervasive. Unfortunately, concurrent programs are prone to bugs. Among different types of concurrency bugs, atomicity violation bugs are common and important. Existing techniques to detect atomicity violation bugs suffer from one limitation: requiring bugs to manifest during monitored runs, which is an open problem in concurrent program testing.This paper makes two contributions. First, it studies the interleaving characteristics of the common practice in concurrent program testing (i.e., running a program over and over) to understand why atomicity violation bugs are hard to expose. Second, it proposes CTrigger to effectively and efficiently expose atomicity violation bugs in large programs. CTrigger focuses on a special type of interleavings (i.e., unserializable interleavings) that are inherently correlated to atomicity violation bugs, and uses trace analysis to systematically identify (likely) feasible unserializable interleavings with low occurrence-probability. CTrigger then uses minimum execution perturbation to exercise low-probability interleavings and expose difficult-to-catch atomicity violation.We evaluate CTrigger with real-world atomicity violation bugs from four sever/desktop applications (Apache, MySQL, Mozilla, and PBZIP2) and three SPLASH2 applications on 8-core machines. CTrigger efficiently exposes the tested bugs within 1--235 seconds, two to four orders of magnitude faster than stress testing. Without CTrigger, some of these bugs do not manifest even after 7 full days of stress testing. In addition, without deterministic replay support, once a bug is exposed, CTrigger can help programmers reliably reproduce it for diagnosis. Our tested bugs are reproduced by CTrigger mostly within 5 seconds, 300 to over 60000 times faster than stress testing.
New methods for competitive coevolution

We consider “competitive coevolution,” in which fitness is based on direct competition among individuals selected from two independently evolving populations of “hosts” and “parasites.” Competitive coevolution can lead to an “arms race,” in which the two populations reciprocally drive one another to increasing levels of performance and complexity. We use the games of Nim and 3-D Tic-Tac-Toe as test problems to explore three new techniques in competitive coevolution. “Competitive fitness sharing” changes the way fitness is measured; “shared sampling” provides a method for selecting a strong, diverse set of parasites; and the “hall of fame” encourages arms races by saving good individuals from prior generations. We provide several different motivations for these methods and mathematical insights into their use. Experimental comparisons are done, and a detailed analysis of these experiments is presented in terms of testing issues, diversity, extinction, arms race progress measurements, and drift.
THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF A TRIBAL POPULATION, THE YANOMAMA INDIANS. XIV. CLINES AND THEIR INTERPRETATION

The Yanomama Indians are a South American tribe distributed over an irregular area approximately 200 x 300 miles. The gene frequencies observed at 12 loci in 47 villages within this area have been analyzed for the occurrence of clines. Apparently significant clines are observed for alleles of the Rh, MNSs, Kidd, Gm, Inv and serum albumin system. Available data concerning recent tribal expansion and admixture permit a tentative analysis of the causes of these clines. Although the action of selection cannot be rigorously excluded, it seems unlikely to be the major cause. Admixture with surrounding tribes plays a role which can be quantified because of the fortuitous circumstance of two genetic markers for admixture. It is suggested that an important factor in the origin of these clines is the manner in which the tribe has recently expanded through successive village fissionings and a predominantly centrifugal pattern of village migration.
Real-Time Implementation of Single-Doppler Radar Analysis Methods for Tropical Cyclones: Algorithm Improvements and Use with WSR-88D Display Data

Abstract The NOAA/NWS/NCEP/Tropical Prediction Center/National Hurricane Center has sought techniques that use single-Doppler radar data to estimate the tropical cyclone wind field. A cooperative effort with NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory/Hurricane Research Division and NCAR has resulted in significant progress in developing a method whereby radar display data are used as a proxy for a full-resolution base data and in improving and implementing existing wind retrieval and center-finding techniques. These techniques include the ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD), tracking radar echoes by correlation (TREC), GBVTD- simplex, and the principal component analysis (PCA) methods. The GBVTD and TREC algorithms are successfully applied to the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) display data of Hurricane Bret (1999) and Tropical Storm Barry (2001). GBVTD analyses utilized circulation center estimates provided by the GBVTD-simplex and PCA methods, whereas TREC analys...
Kisspeptin Induces Dynamic Chromatin Modifications to Control GnRH Gene Expression.

In vitro studies have demonstrated an increase in GnRH gene expression associated with an elevated secretory response to kisspeptin administration, suggesting that kisspeptin mediates GnRH expression at both the secretory and pretranslational levels. However, the kisspeptin-mediated intracellular mechanisms associated with the dynamic chromatin modifications modulating GnRH gene expression are unclear. The studies in this manuscript describe specific histone modifications on the enhancer and promoter of the mouse GnRH (mGnRH) gene induced by kisspeptin in GnRH neuronal cell lines (GT1-7 cells). ChIP assays followed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) demonstrate that 15 and 45 min of 10−9 M kisspeptin significantly increased histone 3 acetylation (H3Ac) at the kisspeptin response element (KsRE) contained between −3446 and −2806 bp of the mGnRH enhancer (GnRHen) in GT1-7 cells, while no changes were observed in the downstream neuron-specific element (NSE). Moreover, kisspeptin specifically induced acetylation of H3AcK14 and K27 and trimethylation of H3 lysine 4 at the KsRE (markers of active chromatin) and no changes in dimethylation of H3K9 (a marker associated with gene repression). Occupancy of RNA Pol II (RNAPII) and a differential carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) phosphorylation pattern was observed. An interaction between the NSE and the KsRE via a chromatin loop in the mGnRH gene by kisspeptin was detected by the chromosome conformation capture assay (3C). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that kisspeptin induces histone acetylation/methylation and consequently enhances the formation of a chromatin loop in the mGnRH gene which results in known increase in kisspeptin-dependent mGnRH expression.
The Hippoidea (Decapoda, Anomura) of the Marquises Islands, with description of a new species of Albunea

The hippoid fauna of the Marquises Islands is summarized, based primarily on materials collected by MUSORSTOM 9. A new species of sand crab of the family Albuneidae, Albunea marquisiana, is described based on a sample size that is unusually large for an albuneid. This new species is characterized by the shape of the dactyli, the spatulate and inflated form of the male telson and the composition of the carapace groove 10 and 11, which are broken into smaller elements. It is most closely related to A. holthuisi Boyko & Harvey, 1999, which occurs in the Indo-Pacific from Madagascar eastward to Indonesia. New records are given for A. speciosa Dana, 1852, the first record of this species from the Marquises Islands, and Hippa adactyla Fabricius, 1787.
Kant versus Skyrms on Universal Deception

Immanuel Kant famously argued that it would be self-defeating for everyone to follow a maxim of lying whenever it is to her advantage. In his recent book Signals, Brian Skyrms claims that Kant was wrong. First, he argues that there are Lewisian signaling games in which, whenever it would be beneficial to deceive the receiver, the sender sends a signal that deceives. Second, Skyrms argues that there are even signaling games in which the sender always sends a signal that deceives. I argue here that, while Skyrms is right on the first count, he is wrong on the second. While it is not always self-defeating for everyone to follow a maxim of lying whenever it is to her advantage, this is only because it is not always beneficial to mislead. If it were, then universal deception would be futile. Thus, there is sense in which Kant was right after all.
Dosimetric evaluation and comparison of small-field non-coplanar multi-arc radiotherapy (SMART) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in treatment of tumor-related bronchial/superior vena cava (SVC) obstructions

19668 Background: Rapid and cost-effective palliation is of great importance in patients with complications from lung cancer progression. To offer immediate treatment for a tumor-related obstructed...
Curing of Fluoroelastomers by Peroxides

Abstract Peroxide-curable fluoroelastomers offer advantages in acid and steam resistance over their conventional counterparts. The peroxide-curability is provided by incorporating a bromine-based cure site in the vinylidene fluoride copolymers or terpolymers. The peroxide cure system comprises an aliphatic peroxide, an appropriate coagent, and an acid acceptor. The preferred coagent is triallylisocyanurate but other compounds having two or three olefinic groups attached to hetero atoms such as N, Si, or O are also effective. The concentration of the curesite monomer affects the rate, state, and stability of the cure. A cure mechanism is proposed in which the initiation step involves radical formation from peroxide decomposition and addition of the radicals to the coagent. Propagation involves the abstraction of bromine atoms from polymer molecules by coagent radicals to give fluorocarbon polymer radicals, which, in turn, add to coagent molecules to generate new radicals. This type of mechanism is supporte...
Estrogen enhancement of baroreflex sensitivity is centrally mediated

We have recently shown that estrogen enhances baroreceptor control of reflex bradycardia in conscious rats. The present study replicated this finding in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats, and ...
Temperature gradient controlled crystal growth from TIPS pentacene-poly(α-methyl styrene) blends for improving performance of organic thin film transistors

Abstract 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS pentacene) from simple drop casting typically forms crystals with random orientation and poor areal coverage, which leads to device-to-device performance variation of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). Previously, a temperature gradient technique was developed to address these problems. However, this approach simultaneously introduced thermal cracks due to the thermally induced stress during crystallization. These thermal cracks accounted for a reduction of charge transport, thereby impacting the device performance of TIPS pentacene based OTFTs. In this work, an insulating polymer, poly(α-methyl styrene) (PαMS) was blended with TIPS pentacene to relieve the thermal stress and effectively prevent the generation of thermal cracks. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of PαMS polymer combined with the temperature gradient technique improves both the hole mobility and performance consistency of TIPS pentacene based OTFTs.
Calculations of planar defect energies in substitutional alloys using the special-quasirandom-structure approach

The process of deformation twinning, as schematically indicated in the figure, plays an important role in establishing the ductility of many engineering materials such as titanium and magnesium and some refractory alloys. By fine tuning alloy compositions, the tendency for twin formation can be controlled, which can lead to guidelines for design of advanced alloys for applications spanning biomedical, energy conversion, and high-temperature structural applications. This work presents a theoretical framework to computationally study the effect of alloying on planar defect energies and is expected to be a useful tool for computationally guided alloy design.
Research Development of Treatment Technology for Generator Inner Cooling Water

Aiming at problems of high conductivity and low pH value of inner cooling water of generators of most generator units in domestic,this paper discusses influencing factors on corrosion of generator hollow cooper conductors,relevant standard requirements and development and application of water quality control technologies for generator inner cooling water at home and abroad.By analyzing merits and demerits of alkalization treatment technologies and ion exchange treatment technologies commonly used in domestic,the paper forecasts research dynamic of cooling water treatment technologies.
Effect of Stirring on Liquid-Liquid Separation in Modified Mixer-Settlers

Addition of agitation device to mixer-settlers was proposed in order to improve separation efficiency. A four-pitched-blade turbine, an Intermig impeller and a frame impeller were selected. Experimental conditions were: rotation speed: 20, 30, 40 and 50 r?min-1, impeller to bottom distance: 4.0, 5.5, 7.0, 8.5 and 10.0 cm and the distance from paddle to overflow port: 10, 13 and 16 cm. The results show that the pitched blade turbine is applicable and the two-phase separation process is better in the settlers with agitation than in traditional mixer-settlers without agitation. The results show that the separation efficiency is better when the rotation speed is lower and the distance from paddle to overflow port is narrower. When the impeller to bottom distance is 8.5 cm, the separation efficiency is the best. A principle theory formula in the range of the experimental condition is established. The theoretical values have a good agreement with the experimental values.
Geohelminthes infection in rural residents of Xiangshan Peninsula

Objective To understand the epidemic situation of geohelminthes infection in rural residents of Xiangshan Peninsula,and to provide scientific basis for making practical control measures in future.Methods According to the geographical situation of Xiangshan Peninsula,2 monitoring points were established.Inhabitants with an age of 3 or above were included in the monitoring.Parasite eggs in the fecal samples were tested using Kato-Katz thick smear method.Cellophane anal swab was used for collecting pinworm eggs in children between 3-12 years.Results Samples from 2113 people were examined,97 subjects infected,with an infection rate of 4.59%.The rate of pinworm infection in children was 13.28%.Conclusion Both the total and individual parasite infestation prevalence decrease greatly in rural residents of Xiangshan Peninsula.People lower-aged and farmers in the middle or old age were the high risk population of intestinal parasites infestation.