cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sexual selection in Woodhouse's toad (Bufo woodhousei). III. Seasonal variation in male mating success

Abstract Male mating success in a population of Woodhouse's toad ( Bufo woodhousei ) with a lek mating system was studied over a period of 5 years. Size-related mating patterns indicated by analysis of male mating success on a seasonal or yearly basis resulted from demographic changes in the size distribution of the population within a season rather than from sexual selection. Multiple regression analyses of three male traits (call rate, male size and number of nights of participation in chorus activity) revealed that only call rate explained a significant amount of variation in male mating success in 2 of 3 years. These results are discussed in the light of previous investigations of sexual selection in anurans that relied on limited observations of breeding activity within a season.
Environmental epigenetics and allergic diseases: recent advances

Significant strides in the understanding of the role of epigenetic regulation in asthma and allergy using both epidemiological approaches as well as experimental ones have been made. This review focuses on new research within the last 2 years. These include advances in determining how environmental agents implicated in airway disease can induce epigenetic changes, how epigenetic regulation can influence T helper cell differentiation and T regulatory cell production, and new discoveries of epigenetic regulation associated with clinical outcomes.
Release of extraction-resistant mRNA in stationary phase Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces a massive increase in transcript abundance in response to stress.

Background As carbon sources are exhausted, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells exhibit reduced metabolic activity and cultures enter the stationary phase. We asked whether cells in stationary phase cultures respond to additional stress at the level of transcript abundance.
Challenges in considering distributed generation in the analysis and design of distribution systems

The state of the art in distribution system analysis is examined with respect to distributed generation (DG). The types of analysis required for DG evaluation are described briefly. Then 14 challenges with respect to this subject are described and areas ripe for further research are pointed out.
Quantized Branes and Symmetries of String Theory

Symmetries of string theory are responsible for fundamental properties of nature. Non-abelian gauge symmetry and its affine Kac-Moody extension provide the origin of the four-dimensional interactions and their gauge bosons from ten or eleven-dimensional coordinate invariance. Supersymmetry provides the origin of fermions. Supersymmetry breaking will provide the origin of mass. In addition, several discrete symmetry groups, including the modular groups SL(n,Z), and other duality groups are associated with the formulation and consistency of the quantum theory of perturbative string physics and non-perturbative branes. In these lectures, an SL(6, Z) invariant partition function for the fivebrane is derived, and constrasted with SL(2,Z) invariant string (onebrane) partition functions. This is a first step in describing the analog of unitarity of perturbative string theory for brane physics. It also shows that higher automorphic forms as well as SL(2, Z) modular functions can be explicitly constructed in brane theories, and may play a central role in their quantization.
Copemys and the Barstovian/Hemingfordian Boundary

ABSTRACT Boundaries of land mammal ages have rarely been addressed. Now that North American land mammal ages are well ordered and reasonably well calibrated, it is fitting to seek more rigorous guidelines for the definition and recognition of their boundaries. Criteria for recognizing boundaries of land mammal ages are discussed briefly, with selected examples of problems in boundary recognition. The boundary of a land mammal age should be defined as (a) the appearance of a single taxon, preferably an immigrant, that is morphologically distinctive, widespread and well represented, taxonomically stable; and (b) strata where the boundary event is recorded should be well sampled, both above and below the level where the “boundary event” taxon appears. The Hemingfordian/Barstovian boundary is reviewed and the boundary redefined, based on the appearance of the cricetid rodent Copemys. This small mammal best meets the criteria for a “boundary event” taxon discussed in the text. The revised Hemingfordian/Barstov...
Early Pediatric Emergency Department Return Visits A Prospective Patient-Centric Assessment

BackgroundA substantial percentage of emergency department (ED) patients return within 72 hours of their initial evaluation. Quality reviews typically demonstrate that most revisits do not seem to be directly related to problematic care provided on the first evaluation. We examined the possibility that return visits are related to nonmedical issues on the first visit, most notably patient discharge education.ObjectiveWe prospectively surveyed a convenience sample of caregivers in a pediatric ED to determine why they returned with their children within 72 hours of their initial ED visit.Design/MethodsAll patients who returned within 72 hours of a previous visit were identified and prospectively interviewed using a survey instrument with nominal (multiple choice) and brief descriptive responses.ResultsCaregivers of 124 children were prospectively surveyed; 93 children (75%) returned because their symptoms had not improved or worsened. Only 50 (53%) had contacted their primary medical doctor (PMD) prior to t...
Happiness and Subjective Well-Being

Subjective well-being (SWB) is an individual’s cognitive and affective evaluation of his or her life, primarily based on three components: life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. For researchers, SWB is the preferred way of attempting to define and study happiness. This entry will first discuss how SWB defines and measures happiness. It reviews two primary approaches to explaining happiness, one focusing on genes and personality, and the other approach examining variables that significantly correlate with SWB. Next it considers cross-cultural effects of happiness and how they influence findings between countries. It next examines findings demonstrating the benefits of SWB, as well the potential dangers, followed by a discussion of intervention research. Finally, it briefly considers avenues for future exploration.
Anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was superior to conventional single-bundle reconstruction.

Intervention: Patients were allocated to 3 different techniques of ACL reconstruction: anatomic double-bundle (n 5 160), anatomic single-bundle (n 5 85), or conventional single-bundle (n5 85). Anatomic double-bundle reconstruction involved use of an accessory medial portal with placement of the posterolateral socket at the center of the posterolateral femoral insertion site. The anteromedial femoral tunnel was done in a similar way. For the tibial tunnels, the guide was placed in the insertion site of the posterolateral bundle with use of anatomic landmarks. The starting point of the anteromedial tibial tunnel was more anterior and central than the starting point of the posterolateral tunnel was. During anatomic single-bundle reconstruction, the femoral tunnel was placed in the center of the marked insertion sites and the tibialtunnel director guide was placed in the center of the ACL tibial insertion site. For conventional single-bundle reconstruction, the tibial guide was placed at the center of the most posterior aspect of the ACL insertion between the medial and lateral tibial eminence. The femoral tunnel was created with use of the transtibial tunnel technique. All grafts were fixed with EndoButton fixation devices (Smith & Nephew, Andover, Massachusetts) on the femur and with bioabsorbable interference screws on the tibia. Main outcome measures: Subjective outcomes were measured with use of the Lysholm score (0 to 100; ,65 5 poor and .90 5 excellent) and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score. Objective outcomes were the side-to-side difference for anteroposterior stability as measured with the KT-1000 arthrometer, the pivot-shift test for rotational stability (category 0 indicated the best result), and the IKDC objective score.
General theory of peak compression in liquid chromatography

A new and general expression of the peak compression factor in liquid chromatography is derived. It applies to any type of gradients induced by non-uniform columns (stationary) or by temporal variations (dynamic) of the elution strength related to changes in solvent composition, temperature, or in any external field. The new equation is validated in two ideal cases for which the exact solutions are already known. From a practical viewpoint, it is used to predict the achievable degree of peak compression for curved retention models, retained solvent gradients, and for temperature-programmed liquid chromatography. The results reveal that: (1) curved retention models affect little the compression factor with respect to the best linear strength retention models, (2) gradient peaks can be indefinitely compressed with respect to isocratic peaks if the propagation speed of the gradient (solvent or temperature) becomes smaller than the chromatographic velocity, (3) limitations are inherent to the maximum intensity of the experimental intrinsic gradient steepness, and (4) dynamic temperature gradients can be advantageously combined to solvent gradients in order to improve peak capacities of microfluidic separation devices.
Increased Phosphorylation of Specific Rat Cardiac and Retinal Proteins in Taurine-Depleted Animals: Isolation and Identification of the Phosphoproteins

Partial depletion of the tissue levels of taurine in the alive animal stimulates in vitro phosphorylation of both an ~20 kDa (94%) and an ~44 kDa (85%) protein present in subcellular fractions of the rat retina and heart. Tissue levels of taurine were reduced by feeding the animals 1.5% guanidinoethanesulfonic acid (GES) in their drinking water for 6 weeks. The increase in the in vitro phosphorylation of both the ~20 kDa and ~44 kDa proteins was reversed when the animals were subsequently given 1.5% taurine in their drinking water for an additional 6 weeks. Isolation, purification, tryptic digestion, and peptide sequence analysis of the retinal ~20 kDa phosphoprotein suggest that it is histone H2B. However, the results are ambiguous due to an impurity (<25%) in the retinal preparation. Sequence analysis of the ~44 kDa phosphoprotein indicates that it is pyruvate dehydrogenase.
Selected secondhand smoke research: summary and comment.

Secondhand smoke is one of the more controversial public health issues. It is controversial because laws regulating secondhand smoke create conflict between the rights of smokers and non-smokers. The results of secondhand smoke research frequently focus on risk factors in four areas: heart disease, cancer, respiratory disorders, and middle ear disease. While many studies have found hazards in each of these four areas, there is some disagreement regarding the degree and extent of the threat posed by these hazards. Future research should discover more risks associated with secondhand smoke and suggest appropriate educational, medical, legal, and environmental remedies for this problem. Then society can establish prevention programs and enact laws which protect non-smokers, but at the same time infringe as little as possible on the rights of others.
Vehicle Routing with Linear Temporal Logic Specifications: Applications to Multi-UAV Mission Planning

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) and several of its variants have been used as an algorithmic basis for mission planning and trajectory generation for Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This paper proposes a new class of problems that generalizes the standard VRP to incorporate more complex mission specifications, for example relative timing constraints on the completion of tasks. These timing constraints are specified using the Linear Temporal Logic language LTL−X. A systematic procedure is presented that converts a given set of LTL−X specifications into a set of constraints suitable to a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation of optimal mission planning problems. The application of this new variant of VRP to complex mission planning and UAV-routing problems are also considered by employing two different MILP formulations of VRP commonly used in related literature. Examples of UAV mission planning problems are discussed in detail.
Post‐Affirmative Action Supreme Court Decision: New Challenges for Academic Institutions

This article describes several aspects of the University of Michigan Supreme Court cases regarding diversity in higher education. It provides a number of resources that are useful in shaping the rationale and institutional practices and policies for admissions and the recruitment and retention of diverse classes of students for the health professions.
Elevation of Cardiac Troponins in Prolonged Status Epilepticus: A Retrospective Chart Analysis

INTRODUCTION To determine the clinical significance of elevation of Troponin-I [cTn-I] during prolonged status epilepticus [pSE] SE is known to be accompanied by an increase in sympathetic outflow. Elevation of cTn-I has been linked to myocardial stress. We hypothesize that in patients with risk factors for coronary artery disease[CAD], pSE may lead to myocardial stress and an elevation of cTn-I. METHODS This is a retrospective study of patients over the age of 18 years who were presented to Virginia Commonwealth University with SE between 2005 and 2010. Data was evaluated using the 30-minute definition for SE and 30 day mortality. Risk factors for CAD and cTn-I levels within the first 24 hours of diagnosis of pSE were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS There were a total of 435 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of pSE, of which 266 had cTn-I concentrations reported. Statistical analysis showed a significant association between CAD risk factors and cTn-I elevation (χ2 =12.87, p-value <0.01), with Crude Odds Ratio of 4.7. In patients with a CAD risk factor, an elevation of cTn-I is associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality, with an Odds ratio of 8.0, (χ2 =40, [95% CI 4.1-15.9] p-value < 0.01). Mortality was higher in those with an elevation of cTn-I [54.65%] as opposed to those who did not have an elevation [15.08%], irrespective of CAD risk factors. OR=6.7, (χ2 =45, [95% CI=3.7-12.2] p-value < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In patients with pSE values, elevated cTn-I values are seen four to five time more often in those with CAD risk factors, as opposed to those without the risks. An elevation of cTn-I in this subgroup of patients with CAD risk factors was associated with an eight to nine fold increase in their 30 day mortality as compared to patients with pSE, who did not have an elevation of cTn-I.
The adenosine deaminase activity changes of cerebrospinal fluid in the child patients with tuberculous meningitis

Objective To observe pre-and post-therapy changes of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) adenosine deaminase(ADA) activity in the child patients with tuberculous meningitis(TBM), compared with child patients with viral meningitis, pyogenic meningitis and non-infectious neurological disorders. Methods A total of 116 child patients(TBM=32, viral meningitis=24, pyogenic meningitis=18, non-infectious neurological disorders=42) were included in this study. CSF-ADA activity was determined and quantified by automatic biochemistry analyzer. Results The mean CSF-ADA activities in all pre-therapy patients groups were depicted. The mean CSF-ADA activity in TBM patients (13.96±3.82) was found to be signigicantly higher than that in viral meningitis patients (2.53±0.40) and non-infectious neurological disorders patients (4.23±0.88, P﹤0.05). No significant difference was found between TBM patients and pyogenic meningitis patients (9.20±3.20, P﹥0.05). There was no significant difference in three groups except TBM patients group. After two weeks treatment, the mean CSF-ADA activity in TBM patients was significantly higher than that in other three groups. There was no significant difference among other three groups. CSF-ADA activity of post-therapy in all patients was signigicantly different from that of pre-therapy (P﹤0.05). The ADA test gave a sensitivity of 71.9% and a specificity of 85.2% for TBM when the cut-off value was 8U/L. Conclusions CSF-ADA activity detection is useful for the early differential diagnosis of TBM. Since CSF-ADA activity of post-therapy is lower than that of pre-therapy, it is helpful for judgement, treatment and prognosis of TBM.
Environmental Impacts of Leachate from Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) with and Without Plasticizer in Highway Construction

Portland cement concrete (PCC) is widely used in transportation networks. In addition to its use in pavements, PCC is the primary construction material in bridges, tunnels, over passes, under passes, and similar vital structures in our highway systems. Other related applications include grouting, pipe bedding, and soil stabilization. Use of PCC is also associated with the use of a large number of admixtures. The leaching of chemical constituents from PCC and the effect of removal, reduction, and retardation (RRR) processes on these constituents were assessed by a series of laboratory tests and analyses. PCC leachate was subjected to chemical and toxicity testing to identify specific constituents that are responsible for the observed aquatic impacts. PCC leachate without the plasticizer admixture exhibited a low aquatic toxicity for the test organisms Selenastrum capricornutum and Daphnia magna. PCC-with-plasticizer leachate indicated high growth inhibition (toxicity) for S. capricornutum. It is likely that the small amount of plasticizing admixture and significant levels of aluminum in the leachate contributed to the toxicity observed in the PCC leachate. Complete detoxification of PCC leachates by three representative test soils, Woodburn soil (Mollisol), Olyic soil (Ultisol), and Sagehill soil (Aridisol), was observed during soil sorption tests. No significant changes in the algal EC50 values by photolysis, but a three fold decrease in toxicity due to biodegradation, were observed for S. capricornutum when compared with the control leachate. Results suggest that the observed toxicity in PCC with-plasticizing-admixture leachates is readily reduced or removed only by the environmental processes of soil sorption and biodegradation.
Sedation and Monitoring in the Pediatric Patient during Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Abstract Sedation is a fundamental component of pediatric gastrointestinal procedures. The 2 main types of sedation for pediatric endoscopy remain general anesthesia and procedural sedation. Although anesthesiologist-administered sedation protocols are more common, there is no ideal regimen for endoscopy in children. This article discusses specific levels of sedation for endoscopy as well as various regimens that can be used to achieve each. Risks and considerations that may be specific to performing gastrointestinal procedures in children are reviewed. Finally, potential future directions for sedation and monitoring that may change the practice of pediatric gastroenterology and ultimately patient outcomes are examined.
The Changing Landscape of Ethical Issues in Neurology Practice and Research (P1.365)

Objective: To evaluate the changing ethical challenges neurologists face in light of recent technological and research advances. Background: There have been many technological and research advances that have impacted the diagnosis and treatment of neurological conditions. Just as our diagnostic and treatment algorithms have been changing, so has the ethical decision making. Method: A literature review was conducted using pubmed. The search terms “Ethics and Neurology” were used. Articles were included in the analysis if they addressed ethical issues in neuroscience research or the practice of neurology. Results: There were over 1250 publications from 1959 the present. Publications were scarce until the early 1990s after which there has been a significant increase in number of publications. 82[percnt] of publications were in the last 15 years. There were approximately 685 publications which met inclusion criteria and included in the analysis. The most common ethical considerations were related to research and informed consent, brain death and altered states of consciousness, and issues related to professionalism. In recent years there has been increasing publications on neuro-enhancement and a significant portion of the more recent papers have related to ethical issues that have emerged as a result of recent technological advances. Neurological conditions that were most represented included stroke, dementia, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pediatric issues, chronic pain, epilepsy and more recently there has been increased publications regarding ethical concerns in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Conclusions: As technological advancements provide neurologists with more diagnostic and treatment options ethical considerations need to be reassessed in order to ensure adherence to medical and neurological professional codes of conduct. Many of these technological advancements have provided neurologists with tools and treatment options which although appear promising, are far from universally understood or accepted. New concerns regarding Brain death, neuro-enhancement, and TBI have emerged and merit further study. Disclosure: Dr. Bergquist has nothing to disclose. Dr. Theriault has nothing to disclose. Dr. Etienne has nothing to disclose.
Clinical and Translational Research: Challenges to the Field

Clinical and translational research are essential to patient care. Throughout the volume, numerous examples and cases were provided; these served to illustrate the unique challenges that must be overcome and the work that lies ahead for advancing hearing healthcare. This final chapter provides a summary of common themes across chapters. Across various “disorders” such as auditory processing disorders, tinnitus, and sudden onset hearing loss, there were challenges related to differential diagnosis. Other challenges cut across noise-induced hearing loss, drug-induced hearing loss, and the other disorders listed above; there is a need for standardized metrics that allow for results to be compared among studies and for assessing novel treatment by researchers and clinicians. The overall healthcare goal is to develop an evidenced-based practice approach so that emerging treatments reflect the highest standard of demonstrated efficacy. The chapters contained in this volume provide an essential introduction to the processes, successes, and challenges associated with translational research and the goal of better health outcomes.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection secondary to intimal fibromuscular dysplasia (RCD code: I‑1C.O)

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory arterial disease of unknown etiology. Histologically, FMD is classified on the basis of arterial layer involved into intimal, medial and perimedial types. The medial form represents approximately 80% of the cases of FMD, perimedial and intimal forms are rare and account for 10% and 5% of the cases respectively. Clinically, FMD can manifest as arterial stenosis, occlusion, aneurysm or dissection. Coronary artery manifestations of FMD are rare but potentially fatal. Most cases present as a dissection of the involved coronary artery or its branch, which clinically leads to unstable angina, myocardial infarction, left ventricular dysfunction, or potentially sudden cardiac death. Various recent studies have established FMD as the leading risk factor for Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD). We present autopsy findings of a 71 year old woman who suffered a spontaneous dissection of the posterior descending artery secondary to FMD‑intimal type. The optimal diagnostic and treatment guidelines for SCAD secondary to FMD have not been established due to the lack of evidence. Further research into the pathogenesis, molecular and cellular biology, epidemiology and clinical management of FMD and its coronary artery manifestations is required. JRCD 2017; 3 (2): 56–58
Optimized compressive sensing-based direction-of-arrival estimation in massive MIMO

As a new emerging technology for wireless communications, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) faces a significant challenge to deploy a separate receiver chain of front-end circuits in a dense circuit board. In this paper, we apply the compressive sensing technique to reduce the required number of front-end circuits and the overall computational complexity. Unlike the commonly adopted random projections, we utilize the a priori probability distribution of the directions-of-arrival (DOAs) of the signals to optimize compressive sensing kernels for massive MIMO systems, such that the mutual information between the compressed measurement and the DOA is maximized. With the optimized sensing matrix, we present a compressive sensing spatial spectrum estimator under the minimum variance distortionless response criterion. Simulation results demonstrate performance advantages of the proposed optimal sensing kernel over random sensing kernels.
Crx-L253X Mutation Produces Dominant Photoreceptor Defects in TVRM65 Mice.

Purpose The cone-rod homeobox (CRX) transcription factor is essential for photoreceptor gene expression, differentiation, and survival. Human CRX mutations can cause dominant retinopathies of varying onset and phenotype severity. In animal models, dominant frameshift Crx mutations introduce a premature termination codon (PTC), producing inactive truncated proteins that interfere with normal CRX function. Previously, a mutant mouse, TVRM65, was reported to carry a recessive late PTC mutation, Crx-L253X. More detailed phenotype analysis of the pathogenicity of Crx-L253X sheds new light on the variability of CRX-linked diseases. Methods Homozygous (L253X/X); heterozygous (L253X/+); Crx-/- and control C57BL/6J (WT) mice were analyzed at various ages for changes in retinal function (ERG), morphology (histology) and photoreceptor gene expression (qRT-PCR). Results At 1 month, L253X/X mice lack visual function, show greater reductions in retinal thickness, and distinct gene expression changes relative to Crx-/-, suggesting that the phenotype of L253X/X is more severe than Crx-/-. L253X/+ mice have reduced rod/cone function, but normal retinal morphology at all ages tested. qRT-PCR assays described a complex phenotype in which both developing and mature photoreceptors are unable to maintain proper gene expression. L253X mRNA/protein is overexpressed relative to normal Crx, suggesting a pathogenic mechanism similar to early PTC mutations. However, the overexpression is less pronounced, correlating with a relatively mild dominant phenotype. Conclusions The L253X mouse provides a valuable model for CRX-associated retinopathy. The pathogenicity of CRX frameshift mutations depends on the position of the PTC, which in turn determines the degree of mutant mRNA/protein overproduction.
Disclosure of Personalized Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Using Genetics, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle Factors to Motivate Health Behavior Improvements: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective To determine the effect of disclosure of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk personalized with genetics, biomarkers, and lifestyle factors on health behavior intentions. Methods We performed a randomized controlled trial among first-degree relatives without RA. Subjects assigned to the Personalized Risk Estimator for RA (PRE-RA) group received the web-based PRE-RA tool for RA risk factor education and disclosure of personalized RA risk estimates including genotype/autoantibody results and behaviors (n=158). Subjects assigned to the comparison arm received standard RA education (n=80). The primary outcome was readiness for change based on the transtheoretical model, using validated contemplation ladder scales. Increased motivation to improve RA risk-related behaviors (smoking, diet, exercise, or dental hygiene) was defined as an increase in any ladder score compared to baseline assessed immediately, 6 weeks, and 6 months post-intervention. Subjects reported behavior change at each visit. We performed intention-to-treat analyses using generalized estimating equations for the binary outcome. Results Subjects randomized to PRE-RA were more likely to increase ladder scores over post-intervention assessments (RR 1.23, 95%CI 1.01-1.51) than those randomized to non-personalized education. At 6 months, 63.9% of PRE-RA subjects and 50.0% of comparison subjects increased motivation to improve behaviors (age-adjusted difference 15.8%, 95%CI 2.8-28.8%). Compared to non-personalized education, more PRE-RA subjects increased fish intake (45.0% vs. 22.1%; p=0.005), brushed more frequently (40.7% vs. 22.9%; p=0.01), flossed more frequently (55.7% vs. 34.8%; p=0.004), and quit smoking (62.5% vs. 0.0% among 11 smokers; p=0.18). Conclusion Disclosure of RA risk personalized with genotype/biomarker results and behaviors increased motivation to improve RA risk-related behaviors. Personalized medicine approaches may motivate health behavior improvements for those at risk for RA and provide rationale for larger studies evaluating effects of behavior changes on clinical outcomes such as RA-related autoantibody production or RA development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Stabilization of a vehicle traversing a short low-friction road segment

In normal vehicle operation, drivers occasionally encounter low friction patches without advance warning. The sudden transitions to and from the low friction surface may destabilize the vehicle, even when the operating point on the higher friction surface is away from the handling limits. Because of these fast dynamics, an active assistance system could significantly enhance safety. This paper describes the dynamics of transition between friction surfaces and demonstrates the utility of an envelope controller that uses real-time friction estimates and a state-bounding approach. Experimental data and the controller state bounds are used to provide insight into the trade-off between estimator accuracy and response time when used for real-time control.
CuHerbDB- for pharmacogenomics and study of phytochemicals in culinary and medicinal herbs

Drug development using plant sources is an important and fast evolving area. Plants contain valuable phytochemicals that possess a wide variety of curative functions including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-carcinogenic, enzyme stimulating, and many more. The growing prevalence of chronic diseases and rising health care costs have renewed the interests of many researchers to collect, store and retrieve information on medically relevant phytochemicals. The renewed interest has opened the path for designing practical approaches to increase the biochemical productivity of medicinal plants using large-scale but low-cost solutions. However, the interactions between bioactive compounds from herbal-supplements and prescription drugs leading to serious clinical consequences has become a widespread safety concern. The key to achieving production goals as well as addressing safety concerns lie in our thorough understanding of secondary metabolism in plant. Hence, to elucidate the importance of phytochemicals, and to unveil the underlying metabolic mechanisms that could affect the nature and level of bioactive compounds in the herbs we consume, we have developed CuHerbDB-a graph based database, for efficient storage/retrieval and graphical presentation of botanical, biochemical and pharmacological data for culinary herbs, using a Neo4j database framework. This database is the first step towards integrating herbal data for pharmacogenomics, which can be currently used to identify and facilitate feasible drug production strategies using plant sources and to investigate ways to significantly enhance the quality of herbs, in an urban farm setting.
Data for: Adaptive Partitioning of the tRNA Interaction Interface by Aminoacyl-tRNA-Synthetases

We introduce rugged fitness landscapes called match landscapes for the co- evolution of feature-based assortative interactions between P ≥ 2 cognate pairs of tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) in aaRS-tRNA interaction networks. Our genotype phenotype-fitness maps assume additive feature-matching energies, a macroscopic theory of aminoacylation kinetics including proofreading, and selection for translational accuracy in multiple, perfectly encoded site-types. We compute the stationary genotype distributions of finite panmictic, asexual populations of haploid aaRs-tRNA interaction networks evolving under mutation, genetic drift, and selection for cognate matching and non-cognate mismatching of aaRS-tRNA pairs. We compared expected genotype frequencies under different matching rules and fitness functions, both with and without linked site-specific modifiers of interaction. Under selection for translational accuracy alone, our model predicts no selection on modifiers to eliminate non-cognate interactions, so long as they are compensated by tighter cognate interactions. Only under combined selection for both translational accuracy and rate do modifiers adaptively eliminate cross-matching in non-cognate aaRS/tRNA pairs. We theorize that the encoding of macromolecular interaction networks is a genetic language that symbolically maps identifying structural and dynamic features of genes and gene-products to functions within cells. Our theory helps explain 1) the remarkable divergence in how aaRSs bind tRNAs, 2) why interaction-informative features are phylogenetically informative, 3) why the Statistical Tree of Life became more tree-like after the Darwinian Transition, and 4) an approach towards computing the probability of the random origin of an interaction network.
A CHARACTERIZATION OF CERTAIN CHEVALLEY GROUPS AND ITS APPLICATION TO COMPONENT TYPE GROUPS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a characterization of the Chevalley groups over fields of odd order and explains the role of this characterization in the theory of component type groups. It explores the problem of finding all component type groups G with F(G) simple such that the simple composition factor of some 2-component of the centralizer of some involution is of known isomorphism type. The chapter presents Thompson B-conjecture and component theorem, which are basic to this problem. Once the B-conjecture is established, the component theorem reduces the main problem to the solution of standard form problems for the known quasisimple groups.
Procyanidin trimer C1 reactivates latent HIV as a triple combination therapy with kansui and JQ1.

Although anti-retroviral therapies have greatly extended the lives of HIV infected individuals, current treatments are unable to completely eliminate virally infected cells. A number of latency reversing agents have been proposed for use in a “shock and kill” strategy to reactivate latent HIV, thus making it vulnerable to killing mechanisms. Procyanidin trimer C1 (PC1) is a flavonoid found in multiple plant sources including grape, apple, and cacao, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We determined that PC1 reactivates latent HIV in cell line and primary cell models of HIV, through activation of the MAPK pathway. Notably, PC1 reactivates latent HIV without increasing surface markers of T cell activation. Combining several therapeutics, which activate HIV transcription through different mechanisms, is the most efficient approach to clinically reactivate latent reservoirs. We utilized PC1 (MAPK agonist), kansui (PKC agonist), and JQ1 (BET bromodomain inhibitor) in a triple combination approach to reactivate latent HIV in cell line and primary cell models of HIV latency. When used in combination, low concentrations which fail to reactivate HIV as single treatments, are effective. Thus, several mechanisms, using distinct activation pathways, act together to reactivate latent HIV.
Abstract 34: Outcomes of Thrombolysis on Mobile Stroke Unit

Introduction: Mobile stroke Units (MSU) can shorten the time to intravenous thrombolytic therapy (IVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to demonstrate the effects of pre-hospital IV...
Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Hydroxy and α-Amino Phosphonates via Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation

Cationic rhodium catalysts of the C2 symmetric DuPHOS (1) and BPE (2) ligands have demonstrated the ability to asymmetrically hydrogenate a novel series of enol phosphonates (3) in good to excellent enantiomeric excess under mild conditions. Initial studies toward the catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of enamido phosphonates (6 and 7) using the DuPHOS−Rh+ catalysts are also reported.
Behavioral Food Subsidies

We conduct a pre-registered field experiment with low-income grocery shoppers to study how behavioral interventions can improve the effectiveness of healthy food subsidies. Our unique design enables us to elicit choices and deliver subsidies both before and at the point of purchase. We examine the effects of two non-restrictive changes to the choice environment: giving shoppers a choice over the type of subsidy they receive and introducing a waiting period before the shopping trip to prompt deliberation about the food purchase decision. Combined, our interventions substantially improve the effectiveness of subsidies, increasing healthy purchases by 61% relative to a choice-less subsidy restricted to healthy food, and 199% relative to an un-subsidized control group. We discuss how these low-cost, scalable interventions can help mitigate nutritional inequality.
1533 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Excision of Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis Involving the Ureter

Video Objective This video demonstrates a safe and effective minimally invasive technique for enterolysis, oophorectomy and subsequent ureterolysis in the face of deep infiltrating (DIE) and deep fibrotic endometriosis. Setting The index patient is a 38 y/o G3P2012 patient with a history of endometriosis and a recurrent right endometrioma causing pelvic pain, dyschezia and dyspareunia. She was referred to our center for further management after previous surgical interventions failed to adequately address her symptoms. Interventions A preoperative pelvic MRI revealed a 7.6 cm right ovarian mass, replacing the majority of the right ovary and consistent with an endometrioma. Intraoperatively, the right ovary was encased in adhesions involving the small bowel, sigmoid colon, rectum and the right pelvic side wall. A deep fibrotic endometriotic nodule was also noted to be encasing the right ureter for most of its course towards the bladder. Careful and extensive dissection was performed, freeing the diseased ovary from all its attached structures. Resection of the fibrotic tissue surrounding the ureter was then carried out with good surgical rigor, thus successfully achieving the ureterolysis. A double J right ureteral stent was subsequently placed by the urology team. The patient had complete resolution of her pain symptoms at her post-operative visit. Conclusion Extensive fibrotic endometriosis involving the ureter can make ureterolysis quite difficult. Careful planning, knowledge of anatomical variance and proper surgical techniques are beneficial in overcoming such challenges. Despite its recalcitrant nature, endometriosis affecting the ureters can be effectively resected to afford a favorable outcome for patients.
Baseline cortisol predicts drunkorexia in female but not male college students.

“Drunkorexia” or compensatory eating behaviors in response to alcohol consumption, resembles a subclinical eating disorder, and is a current public health concern. Eating disorders and alcohol abus...
Atopic dermatitis independently increases sensitization above parental atopy: The MPAACH study

Early sensitization is ~50% higher in children with atopic dermatitis compared to children from a high-risk allergy cohort with comparable rates of parental atopy. AD may increase sensitization risk over heredity alone.
1 – Introduction to Differential Equations

The purpose of Differential Equations with Mathematica, Fourth Edition, is twofold. First, we introduce and discuss the topics covered in typical undergraduate and beginning graduate courses in ordinary and partial differential equations including topics such as Laplace transforms, Fourier series, eigenvalue problems, and boundary-value problems. Second, we illustrate how Mathematica is used to enhance the study of differential equations not only by eliminating the computational difficulties, but also by overcoming the visual limitations associated with the explicit solutions to differential equations. In each chapter, we first present the material in a manner similar to most differential equations texts and then illustrate how Mathematica can be used to solve some typical problems. For example, in Chapter 2, we introduce the topic of first-order equations. First, we show how to solve certain types of problems by hand and then show how Mathematica can be used to assist in the same solution procedures. Finally, we illustrate how Mathematica commands like DSolve and NDSolve can be used to solve some frequently encountered equations exactly and/or numerically. In Chapter 3 we discuss some applications of first-order equations. Since we are experienced and understand the methods of solution covered in Chapter 2, we make use of DSolve and similar commands to obtain solutions. In doing so, we are able to emphasize the applications themselves as opposed to becoming bogged down in calculations. The advantages of using Mathematica in the study of differential equations are numerous, but perhaps some of the most useful include that of being able to produce the graphics associated with solutions of differential equations as well as generating very accurate numerical solutions of equations that can only be solved numerically. This is in the discussion of applications because many physical situations are modeled with differential equations. For example, we will see that the motion of a pendulum can be modeled by a differential equation. When we solve the problem of the motion of a pendulum, we use technology to actually watch the pendulum move. The same is true for the motion of a mass attached to the end of a spring as well as many other problems. In having this ability, the study of differential equations becomes much more meaningful as well as interesting. If you are a beginning Mathematica user and, especially, new to Version 10, the Appendix contains an introduction to Mathematica, including discussions about entering and evaluating commands, and taking advantage of Mathematica’s extensive help facilities. Although Chapter 1 is short in length, Chapter 1 introduces examples that will be investigated in subsequent chapters. Also, the vocabulary introduced in Chapter 1 will be used throughout the text. Consequently, even though, to a large extent, it may be read quickly, subsequent chapters will take advantage of the terminology and techniques discussed here.
The Gender Citation Gap in Undergraduate Student Research: Evidence from the Political Science Classroom

Previous studies documented a “gender citation gap” in political science whereby women are less likely to be cited in published research and course syllabi, especially by male scholars. However, no previous study examined citation patterns among students in political science courses to determine if similar patterns are evident in their research. This article analyzes an original database of individual as well as group research assignments from an undergraduate research methods course. Our analysis indicates that male students are significantly less likely than female students to cite research published by women—whether as first authors, any of the authors, or the average percentage of authors per team. However, in a subsequent group research assignment, gender diversity had no discernible effect on group citation patterns. We discuss the implications of these findings for current pedagogical practices and the future state of the discipline.
Integrated KL (K-means - Laplacian) clustering: A new clustering approach by combining attribute data and pairwise relations

Most datasets in real applications come in from multiple sources. As a result, we often have attributes information about data objects and various pairwise relations (similarity) between data objects. Traditional clustering algorithms use either data attributes only or pairwise similarity only. We propose to combine K-means clustering on data attributes and normalized cut spectral clustering on pairwise relations. We show that these two methods can be coherently integrated together to make use of different data sources to obtain good clustering results. We also show that our integrated KL (K-means Laplacian) clustering method can be naturally extended to semi-supervised clustering, data embedding and metric learning. Finally the experimental results on benchmark data sets are presented to show the effectiveness of our method.
On Controllability of AI.

Invention of artificial general intelligence is predicted to cause a shift in the trajectory of human civilization. In order to reap the benefits and avoid pitfalls of such powerful technology it is important to be able to control it. However, possibility of controlling artificial general intelligence and its more advanced version, superintelligence, has not been formally established. In this paper, we present arguments as well as supporting evidence from multiple domains indicating that advanced AI can't be fully controlled. Consequences of uncontrollability of AI are discussed with respect to future of humanity and research on AI, and AI safety and security.