cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron and hole transport to trap groups at the ends of conjugated polyfluorenes.

Polyfluorenes (pF) were synthesized having anthraquinone (AQ) or naphtylimide (NI) end caps that trap electrons or di-p-tolylaminophenyl (APT2) caps that trap holes. The average lengths of the pF chains in these molecules varied from 7 to 30 nm. End capping was found not to be complete in these molecules so that some were without caps. Electrons or holes were injected into these polymers in solution by pulse radiolysis. Following attachment, the charges migrated to the end cap traps in times near 2 ns in pF12AQ or 5 ns in pF35NI. From these observations, electron mobilities for transport along single chains to the end caps in THF solution were determined to be smaller by a factor of 100 than those observed by microwave conductivity. Despite this, the mobilities were sufficiently large to provide encouragement to the use of such single chains in solar photovoltaics. Most charges were observed to transport over substantial distances in these polymers, but 23, 18, and 37% of the charges attached to pFNI, pFA...
Comparison of reciprocity and closure enforcement methods for radiation view factors

The view factors that are used in diffuse-gray radiation enclosure calculations are often computed by approximate numerical integrations. These approximately calculated view factors will usually not satisfy the important physical constraints of reciprocity and closure. In this article several view-factor rectification algorithms are reviewed. A Monte Carlo investigation is undertaken to study the propagation of view-factor uncertainties into the heat transfer results of the diffuse-gray enclosure calculations. It is found that the weighted least-squares algorithm is vastly superior to the other rectification schemes for the reduction of heat flux uncertainties resulting from uncertainties in view factors. In a sample problem, which has proven to be very sensitive to uncertainties in view factor, the heat transfer calculations with weighted least-squares rectified view factors are very good with an original view-factor matrix computed to only one-digit accuracy.
Using the new common Lisp pretty printer

Although not part of the initial definition of the language, pretty printing has been an important feature of Lisp programming environments for twenty years or more [1]. By the time Common Lisp was being defined, the importance of pretty printing was clear enough that pretty printing was made a formal part of the language [2]. However, little was done beyond recognizing the least common denominator of the pretty printing facilities available at the time---[2] specifies how pretty printing can be turned on and off, but says very little else. In particular, no provision was made for allowing the user to control what the pretty printer does.
Characterization and mechanical support of asymmetric hydrogel membranes based on the interfacial cross-linking of poly(vinyl alcohol) with toluene diisocyanate

Asymmetric membranes based on the interfacial cross-linking of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels with toluene diisocyanate exhibit enhanced size selectivity for binary protein separations with minimal reductions in the flux of the smaller protein. The asymmetric nature of the hydrogel prevents the use of swelling measurements to characterize the mesh size of the selective surface layer. Alternatively, the permeability coefficient of the surface layer and the contribution of this layer to the overall resistance were estimated. A direct relationship was found between the surface layer permeability coefficient and the amount of urea/urethane groups, determined from infrared spectroscopy, introduced into the surface during interfacial cross-linking. Impregnation of the hydrogel within the pores of a microfiltration membrane for mechanical support was demonstrated and the transport properties of this composite membrane compared well to those of an unsupported hydrogel.
Electrostatic effects on the distribution coefficients of large particles in charged pores

Abstract For the limiting case of large spherical particles (≈ 1 μm diameter) in flat or cylindrical pores, the effect of electrostatic interactions between the pore and particle on the distribution coefficient can be accounted for by simply increasing the radius of the particle by the addition of a dimensionless constant proportional to the double-layer length. The resulting analytical solution was compared with the numerical integration of the distribution coefficient for both pore geometries and the results agreed very well.
Reactions of [(Me3SiNCH2CH2)3N]WH with dihydrogen, olefins, acetylenes, carbon monoxide, n-butylisocyanide and azobenzene

Dihydrogen reacts slowly with [N 3 N]WH ([N 3 N] 3− [(Me 3 SiNCH 2 CH 2 ) 3 N] 3− ) in benzene at 22°C to form white, crystalline, diamagnetic [N 3 N]WH 3 quantitatively. [N 3 N]WH in C 6 D 6 reacts with ethylene to produced [N 3 N]WCMe quantitatively, while the reaction between [N 3 N]WH and propylene at 45°C for 24 h produces a mixture of [N 3 N]WCCH 2 CH 3 and [N 3 N]WH 3 . Addition of 1 equiv. of diphenylacetylene to [N 3 N]WH gives the diamagnetic ‘tungstacyclopropene’ complex, [N 3 N]W(CPhCHPh). Heating a mixture of [N 3 N]WH and 1 equiv. of azobenzene to 75°C produces the green azobenzene adduct, [N 3 N]W(H)(PhNNPh), while [N 3 N]WH reacts with 1 equiv. of carbon monoxide at 0°C to produce [N 3 N]W(H)(CO). Upon addition of trimethylamine to a mixture of [N 3 N]W(H)(CO) and Me 3 SiI, colorless [N 3 N]WCOTMS is formed. [N 3 N]WH reacts with 1 equiv. of n-butylisocyanide at −20° to yield diamagnetic [N 3 N]W(H)(BuNC). The structures of [N 3 N]WH 3 , [N 3 N]W(PhCCHPh), [N 3 N]W(H)(PhNNPh) and [N 3 N]W(H)(CO) have been determined via X-ray crystallography.
The aggregate behavior of branch points: a proposal for an atmospheric turbulence layer sensor

We propose a sensor that measures the number, strength, altitude and velocity of atmospheric turbulence layers. Recent research has shown that pupil plane branch points contain four independent and measureable parameters and that these four parameters can be used to estimate four independent turbulence layer parameters--number, strength, altitude and velocity--for each atmospheric turbulence layer. Here, we summarized previous results and then demonstrate how these results allow for construction of a turbulence layer sensor.
Fast method for brain image segmentation: application to proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging.

The interpretation of brain metabolite concentrations measured by quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is assisted by knowledge of the percentage of gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within each MRSI voxel. Usually, this information is determined from T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) that have a much higher spatial resolution than the MRSI data. While this approach works well, it is time-consuming. In this article, a rapid data acquisition and analysis procedure for image segmentation is described, which is based on collection of several, thick slice, fast spin echo images (FSE) of different contrast. Tissue segmentation is performed with linear “Eigenimage” filtering and normalization. The method was compared to standard segmentation techniques using high-resolution 3D T1-weighted MRI in five subjects. Excellent correlation between the two techniques was obtained, with voxel-wise regression analysis giving GM: R2 = 0.893 ± 0.098, WM: R2 = 0.892 ± 0.089, ln(CSF): R2 = 0.831 ± 0.082). Test–retest analysis in one individual yielded an excellent agreement of measurements with R2 higher than 0.926 in all three tissue classes. Application of FSE/EI segmentation to a sample proton MRSI dataset yielded results similar to prior publications. It is concluded that FSE imaging in conjunction with Eigenimage analysis is a rapid and reliable way of segmenting brain tissue for application to proton MRSI. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Modeling the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere of the south coast air basin of California. 1. Ozone formation metrics.

Metrics associated with ozone (03) formation are investigated using the California Institute of Technology (CIT) three-dimensional air-quality model. Variables investigated include the O 3 production rate (P(O 3 )), O 3 production efficiency (OPE), and total reactivity (the sum of the reactivity of carbon monoxide (CO) and all organic gases that react with the hydroxyl radical). Calculations are spatially and temporally resolved; surface-level and vertically averaged results are shown for September 9, 1993 for three Southern California locations: Central Los Angeles, Azusa, and Riverside. Predictions indicate increasing surface-level O 3 concentrations with distance downwind, in line with observations. Surface-level and vertically averaged P(O 3 ) values peak during midday and are highest downwind; surface P(O 3 ) values are greater than vertically averaged values. Surface OPEs generally are highest downwind and peak during midday in downwind locations. In contrast, peaks occur in early morning and late afternoon in the vertically averaged case. Vertically averaged OPEs tend to be greater than those for the surface. Total reactivities are highest in upwind surface locations and peak during rush hours; vertically averaged reactivities are smaller and tend to be more uniform temporally and spatially. Total reactivity has large contributions from CO, alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, unsubstituted monoaromatics, and secondary organics. Calculations using estimated emissions for 2010 result in decreases in P(O 3 ) values and reactivities but increases in OPEs.
Thrombolysis therapy in patients with femoropopliteal synthetic graft occlusions

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of thrombolysis in the presence of an occluded femoropopliteal synthetic graft. Patients and methods Over a 3-year period, 46 occluded femoropopliteal grafts were treated with urokinase and reconstruction. The cases were divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 25), complete thrombolysis followed by reconstruction or angioplasty or both; group 2 (n = 5), complete thrombolysis alone; and group 3 (n = 16), failure of thrombolysis requiring reconstruction or leading to amputation. Patients were closely observed after the treatment for more than 1 year. Results There are no fatal complications among patients with thrombolytic therapy. In group 1, the 3-year patency rates were 12% and the 3-year limb salvage rates were 77%. In group 2, the 3-year patency rates and the limb salvage rates were 20% and 80%, respectively. The group 3 patency rates and the limb salvage rates were 8% and 40%, respectively. The best results were achieved in patients who had thrombolysis followed by reconstruction (group 1) and in those who had thrombolysis alone (group 2). Limb salvage was poor in patients with failure of lytic therapy regardless of the reconstruction ( P Conclusion The use of intra-arterial urokinase followed by secondary vascular reconstructive procedures was studied. The patient with synthetic graft occlusion still has a reasonably favorable prognosis for long-term limb salvage when thrombolysis is successful.
A Micro-Mult for screening psychiatric disturbance.

42 items from the MMPI administered orally allowed discrimination between character disordered and emotionally disturbed inmates when compared to full MMPI profiles.
THE INFLUENCE OF ULTRA-VIOLET RADIATION ON THE WEIGHT OF ADULT RABBITS, NORMAL AND SYPHILITIC

In summarizing the results obtained for these 6 groups of animals, the following conclusions may be drawn: Normal rabbits living in total darkness and exposed to ultra-violet radiation at regular intervals showed a more rapid rate of increase in weight than animals living under the same condition, but after an initial period of rapid increase, the irradiated animals maintained a lower body weight than those living in the dark. Under the same conditions, animals inoculated with T. pallidum and exposed to ultra-violet light maintained a lower weight than the corresponding control groups living in total darkness. Furthermore, the mortality rate from pneumonic infection was found to be greater in animals exposed to ultra-violet radiation than in those living entirely in the dark. It is evident, therefore, that, under the conditions given, ultra-violet radiation was detrimental rather than beneficial.
Thermal plasma synthesis of SiC nano-powders/nano-fibers

Thermal plasma synthesis of nano-powders/nano-fibers is a relatively new technology with great potential for future application in industries. The paper presents the effects of molar ratio on synthesis of SiC by thermal plasma technology. The experimental results show that SiC can be synthesized by thermal plasma technology. The average size of SiC powders is less than 100 nm and SiC fiber-like microstructure were observed.
Survival Analyses of the Dynamics of Sibling Experiences in Foster Care

The present study compares reunification for sibling groups in foster care under alternate placement conditions, including placement with kin and entering care within the same month. The findings suggest siblings placed completely or partially together reunify at a faster rate than those placed apart. The gap between siblings placed completely or partially together and those placed completely apart increases over time, in particular after the first year in care. Fewer of those placed together remain in care during the first 8 months than those placed apart. Efforts to place siblings together should be strengthened. Monetary incentives might encourage more foster parents to provide homes to keep siblings together. Training foster parents about sibling issues may lead to more intact placements.
Pattern regulation in tergite of Drosophila: a model.

Abstract Roseland & Schneiderman's (1979) observations on the presence of the intersegmental region anterior to the posterior duplications in the tergite of Drosophila, led them to postulate intercalary regeneration by shortest route to account for pattern duplications. Our observations on the absence of the intersegmental region in these posterior duplications, on the other hand, suggest that pattern duplication in Drosophila abdomen could be explained on the basis of a diffusion morphogen model. Based on the interpretations of the results of grafting experiments in Calliphora ( Pearson, 1977 ) and cauterization studies in Drosophila ( Roseland & Schneiderman, 1979) , we suggest that the larval epidermal cells located between the dorsal histoblast nests could be the source of this morphogen. During normal development, this morphogen appears to be responsible for the posterior orientation of the cuticular outgrowths in the posterior half of the tergite and the differentiation of the macrochaetae, pigment band and posterior hairy region. Thus, the posteriorizing effects of the morphogen resemble those of the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) of the developing appendages of the vertebrate embryos.
Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase and ribulose-5-phosphate kinase show apparent specificity for a specific ribulose 5-phosphate species

Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase and ribulose-5-phosphate kinase appear to show specificity for a particular ribulose 5-phosphate species. The effect of this specificity will be channeling of ribulose 5-phosphate from the isomerase to the kinase during photosynthesis.
Explanation of the effects of gravity on crystallization of ZrF2–BaF2–LaF3–AlF3–NaF glass

The effects of gravity on crystallization of ZrF2–BaF2–LaF3–AlF3–NaF glasses have been studied by utilizing NASA’s KC135 aircraft and a sounding rocket. Fibers were heated to the crystallization temperature in unit and reduced gravity. The fibers processed in unit gravity exhibited crystallization, while fibers processed in reduced gravity showed no signs of crystallization. An explanation based on shear thinning of liquids is presented to explain these results.
Impact of maturity rate of daughters on genetic ranking of Holstein bulls.

Abstract If genetic evaluations are calculated with a single-trait repeatability model, evaluation changes may be attributed in part to bulls that have daughters that deviate considerably from the typical response to aging. Differences in maturity rate of bull daughters were examined to determine whether they influence change in bull evaluations. Standardized milk records for Holsteins that first calved between 1960 and 1998 were used to calculate 12 tailored predicted transmitting abilities (PTA) for each bull. Predicted transmitting abilities were tailored from combinations of 4 annual cut-off dates and 3 parities. Date screening selected cows first calving before January of 1996, 1997, 1998, or 1999. Parity screening selected milk records from the first 1, 2, or 3 parities. Therefore, 4 evaluations (PTA 1 ) included only first-parity records available for daughters and contemporaries prior to the respective years designated. Four more evaluations (PTA 1,2 ) included the records from the first 2 parities for cows first calving prior to those same year cutoffs; likewise, the last 4 evaluations (PTA 1,2,3 ) included records from the first 3 parities. Stability of bull evaluations (standard deviations of differences as well as correlations between bull evaluations) across time was compared. Bulls born after 1984 with ≥500 daughters were of interest because of the high precision of evaluations and recent activity. Tailored PTA of those bulls had more uniformity across years in mean records per daughter than did official USDA PTA. Standard deviation of differences in PTA 1 , PTA 1,2 , and PTA 1,2,3 for milk between evaluation years 1996 and 1997 were 28, 28, and 27kg compared with 63kg for official evaluations; similarly, between 1996 and 1999, SD were 36, 32, and 32kg compared with 80kg. Results suggested that a modification to the current evaluation model to account for maturity rate should reduce fluctuations in individual bull PTA across time and may improve accuracy of evaluations.
Freezing and interfaces: Density functional theories in two and three dimensions

Mise au point relative a la congelation, aux interfaces cristal-phase fondue et a l'adsorption physique. Donnees theoriques
Glycoproteins and proteins in an axolemma-enriched fraction and myelin from developing rats: effect of maternal ethanol consumption.

The present study examined proteins and glycoproteins from an axolemma-enriched fraction from the developing offspring of female rats that were pair-fed control or 6.6% (50 g/liter) ethanol liquid diets on a chronic basis prior to parturition. In addition, this study examined the synthesis of the major CNS myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) as an index of myelin maturation. The results of the latter study demonstrated normal MAG maturation in ethanol-treated rats. However, a significant decrease in the proportion of radioactivity associated with MAG was found in the developing offspring of ethanol-treated rats. The major axolemmal proteins from 32-day rats included those with molecular weights of 105 K, 81 K, 62 K, 55 K, 52 K, 36 K, and 33 K. Major peaks of radioactivity were associated with fucosylated axolemmal glycoproteins with apparent molecular weights of 150 K, 130 K, 85 K, 76 K, and 64 K. Several development-related changes in the protein composition of axolemma-enriched fractions were observed in control animals. Between 22 and 32 days of age control rats exhibited a significant (P less than .05) decrease in the proportion of axolemmal proteins that had apparent molecular weights of 150 K, 105 K, and 62 K. A development-related decrease in the 105 K axolemma-associated protein did not occur during the 22-32 day age period in the offspring of ethanol-treated animals. At 22 days the proportion of this 105 K protein in affected offspring was significantly (P less than .05) less than that in age-matched control rats and comparable to that in 32-day control rats. The relative distribution of radioactivity among fucosylated axolemmal glycoproteins also changed significantly between 22 and 32 days of age. These changes include a decrease in the proportion of radioactivity associated with the 110 K, 55 K, and 52 K fucosylated glycoproteins and an increase in the proportion of radioactivity associated with the 85 K and 67 K glycoproteins. Several small, but significant (P less than .05) alterations were found associated with glycoproteins in an axolemma-enriched fraction from 22- and 32-day ethanol-treated rats.
D-type cyclins repress transcriptional activation by the v-Myb but not the c-Myb DNA-binding domain

The v-Myb DNA-binding domain differs from that of c-Myb mainly by deletion of the first of three repeats. This truncation correlates with efficient oncogenic transformation and a decrease in DNA-binding activity. Here we demonstrate that the D-type cyclins, cyclin D1 and D2 in particular, specifically inhibit transcription when activated through the v-Myb DNA-binding domain, but not the c-Myb DNA-binding domain. Analysis of a cyclin D1 mutant and a dominant-negative CDK4 mutant implied that this repression is independent of complex formation with a CDK partner. Association of cyclin D1 and D2 with the Myb DNA-binding domain could be demonstrated. Increased levels of cyclin D1 and D2 resulted in a stabilization of the Myb proteins, but not in an alteration in binding of the Myb proteins to DNA. These results highlight an unexpected role for cyclin D as a CDK-independent repressor of transcriptional activation by v-Myb but not c-Myb. This differential effect of D-type cyclins on v-Myb and c-Myb might help to explain the mechanism underlying the oncogenic activity of v-Myb, which appears to be a stronger transcriptional activator following the TPA-induced differentiation of transformed monoblasts when cyclin D1 and D2 are down-regulated.
The Pharmacologic Blockade of the Circhoral Mode of LH Secretion in the Ovariectomized Rhesus Monkey

In ovariectomized rhesus monkeys, single injections into the right atrium of the neuroleptic drugs chlorpromazine and haloperidol or of the α-adrenergic blockers phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine were followed, within min, by an interruption in the circhoral pulsatile discharge of LH and a resultant fall in the plasma concentration of the hormone. This inhibition of LH secretion was usually sustained for some hr and was terminated by an abrupt resumption of the pulsatile secretory pattern. These responses were qualitatively indistinguishable from those previously reported to follow single injections of estradiol. In contrast, the p-adrenergic blocking agent propanolol or pentobarbital in anesthetic doses had no, or equivocal effects on the pulsatile pattern of LH discharge. Evidence is adduced in support of the view that these discharges of LH, as observed in ovariectomized monkeys, are the consequence of intermittant dopaminergic and/or nor-adrenergic signals to the LRF secreting cells of the hypothalamu...
A numerical method for calculating minimum distance to Near Earth Objects

Abstract Calculating minimum distance between two celestial bodies orbiting the same star is a difficult task even when computational methods are employed. In this paper we address this problem for the case involving Earth and a coplanar comet, and we offer a detailed discussion of a novel tandem application of two well-known rootfinding methods to solve it. Our results illustrate the important fact that the minimum distance between two such orbiting bodies occurs in general when neither body is at an orbital intersection. The numerical approach we devise provides a framework that will be used in future work that addresses the more general minimization problem that arises when the coplanar restriction is removed, and may serve as a model for addressing other related minimization problems.
1-Butanol interferes with phospholipase D1 and protein kinase Cα association and inhibits phospholipase D1 basal activity

Abstract 1-Butanol is commonly used as a substrate for phospholipase D (PLD) activity measurement. Surprisingly we found that, in the presence of 30 mM 1-butanol (standard PLD assay conditions), PLD1 activity in COS-7 cells was lost after incubation for 2 min. In contrast, in the presence of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor staurosporine or dominant negative PKCα D481E, the activity was sustained for at least 30 min. The binding between PLD1 and PKCα was also lost after 2 min incubation with 30 mM 1-butanol while staurosporine and D481E maintained the binding. 1-Butanol at 2 mM did not inhibit PLD1 basal activity or PLD1 binding to PKCα, and staurosporine and PKCα D481E produced a constant increase in PLD1 basal activity of 2-fold. These results indicate that 1-butanol is inhibitory to PLD1 activity by reducing its association with PKCα, and that the concentration of 1-butanol is an important consideration in assaying basal PLD1 activity.
Formal Changes in Trinidad Hindi: as a Result of Language Adaptation

This article deals with changes in the structure of an Indic language in Trinidad. The explanations of the structural changes are sought in the socio-cultural changes of the East Indian community that have occurred since the East Indians' arrival in Trinidad. It is demonstrated that the socio-cultural changes in the community have influenced the range of functions of the Indic languages in Trinidad which in turn has determined the directions of structural changes in the language.
On the Priority of Agent-Based Argumentative Norms

This paper argues against the priority of pure, virtue-based accounts of argumentative norms [VA]. Such accounts are agent-based and committed to the priority thesis: good arguments and arguing well are explained in terms of some prior notion of the virtuous arguer arguing virtuously. Two problems with the priority thesis are identified. First, the definitional problem: virtuous arguers arguing virtuously are neither sufficient nor necessary for good arguments. Second, the priority problem: the goodness of arguments is not explained virtuistically. Instead, being excellences, virtues are instrumental in relation to other, non-aretaic goods—in this case, reason and rationality. Virtues neither constitute reasons nor explain their goodness. Two options remain for VA: either provide some account of reason and rationality in virtuistic terms, or accept them as given but non-aretaic goods. The latter option, though more viable, demands the concession that VA cannot provide the core norms of argumentation theory.
Management knowledge and the organization of team science in university research centers

Increasingly, principal investigators are tasked by funding agencies not only to expand knowledge in a particular field of inquiry, but also to manage and coordinate sets of diverse actors, including researchers with different disciplinary backgrounds and with different institutional affiliations. This paper addresses how principal investigators organize and manage sets of diverse researchers in university research centers. The premise of the paper is that centers possessing “management knowledge”—as embodied in principal investigators themselves and in colleagues and subordinates (e.g. past experiences in centers, industry, formal management training and professional experience)—will demonstrate different structural and managerial characteristics when compared to centers without management knowledge. Based on interviews and documents for a purposive sample of centers established by the US National Science Foundation, the study investigates the organization and management of centers as a function of the presence and type of management knowledge of the center directors across multiple cases. Implications for addressing common challenges to team science in university research centers and comparable arrangements are discussed.
School Administrator Grapevine Structure.

The purpose of this study was to describe the informal communications network or "grapevine" among school principals. The investigators interviewed all elementary, secondary, and special school principals in a suburban school district in the midwest. Based on the responses of these principals to questions about the ways they informally interacted with peers and others in the district, the researchers identified "clan-like" informal grouping patterns among elementary principals and "guild-like" informal grouping patterns among other principals as well as other informal channels of communication. The principals' grapevine structure seemed to reflect patterns of occupational socialization of school principals and informal boundary spanning processes, processes viewed as latent yet relatively functional aspects of educational organization.
Disordered intermixing at the platinum:silicon interface demonstrated by high‐resolution cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and MeV ion channeling

The metallurgical interaction at the interface between single‐crystal silicon substrates and thin films of elemental platinum has been examined using the complementary techniques of high‐resolution cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy (HRXTEM), Auger sputter profiling, and MeV ion channeling. We identify the existence of a 30‐A‐thick layer of intermixed platinum and silicon which forms at the metal‐silicide interface when 50 A of Pt is electron beam evaporated onto room‐temperature Si. The interfacial layer is evident in the HRXTEM as a uniform band of dark and noncrystalline contrast. In Auger sputter profiling, the evolution of the Si LVV line shape indicates the presence of a platinum silicide region adjacent to the film/Si interface but not at the surface of the Pt film. MeV ion channeling reveals that ∼1.5×1016 Si atoms/cm2 are displaced from their substrate lattice sites upon Pt deposition. In addition, the HRXTEM reveals islands of unreacted Pt and occasional grains of Pt2Si on top of t...
Sequence of canine COL1A2 cDNA: nucleotide substitutions affecting the cyanogen bromide peptide map of the alpha 2(I) chain.

Abstract The α2 chain of canine type I collagen was characterized with both sequence analysis of COL1A2 cDNA and chemical analysis of α2(I) chains. The complete sequence of canine COL1A2 cDNA was determined from reverse-transcribed and polymerase chain reaction-amplified total RNA from cultured skin fibroblasts. Pepsin-digested and cyanogen bromide-digested type I collagen peptides were analyzed with chromatography, gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. Identity between the sequences of canine and human COL1A2 cDNA was 90.9%, predicting conservation of the 3 cysteine residues required for C-propeptide registration and of cleavage sites for signal peptidase, procollagenN-proteinase, vertebrate collagenase, and procollagenC-proteinase. Conservation of all 50 lysine residues was also predicted, including preservation of the 1:2 asymmetry in the X:Y distribution of the 31 lysine residues in the α2(I) triple helix. The human and canine sequences differed in the location of Y-position proline residues and the presence of two unique canine cyanogen bromide peptides, α2 CB3b and α2 CB3c,5. Knowledge of the conserved and unique features of canine COL1A2 will be valuable for analysis of the expression, synthesis, and structure of type I collagen as well as studies of canine osteogenesis imperfecta.
MNE Strategic Intervention in Violent Conflict: Variations Based on Conflict Characteristics.

Since the end of the Cold War, there has been a substantial increase in the number of intrastate conflicts around the world. During the last two decades, there have been more than 125 violent conflicts resulting in 7 million deaths (Smith, 2003). Given the prevalence of these conflicts, the inability of some governments to resolve them, and the reluctance of multilateral institutions to intervene, multinational enterprises (MNEs) engaged in international ventures may find themselves in situations where they must respond to violent conflict to minimize investment risk and to promote stability in countries where they operate. Research on business response to violent conflict has tended to treat conflict as a homogeneous problem, when in fact conflicts vary on several dimensions. The purpose of this article is to extend the research with a focus on how the characteristics of the conflict affect MNE intervention strategies. Drawing on insights from the research on conflict resolution and the risk that violent conflict poses to the firm, we develop a framework and propositions that provide guidance to MNEs confronting violent conflict with respect to existing projects or facilities.
The role of the fluid relaxation time in laminar elastico-viscous boundary layers

The stress relaxation effect is investigated in the flow of elastico-viscous fluids in laminar boundary layers. Examples of the exact ‘similar’ solutions ofFalkner andSkan class have been extended to include the relaxation effect. In order to separate the effects of the relaxation and the first normal-stress difference, a rheological equation with a new material time derivative is used. This derivative is referred to a co-ordinate system attached to the principal directions of the strain rate tensor.
The scope and activation mechanisms of chemokine gene expression in primary astrocytes following infection with Theiler's virus

Intracerebral infection with Theiler's virus induces a demyelinating disease that resembles human MS. In order to delineate the early events in virus-induced inflammatory disease, we have analyzed chemokine gene activation following Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection. Infection of primary astrocyte cultures results in activation of various chemokine genes (GRO-1, MCP-1, MCP-5, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, MIP-2, RANTES, IP-10 and MCP-3) that are important in the initiation of an inflammatory response. As early as 1-3 h after TMEV infection, chemokine gene expression is strongly activated. In addition, proinflammatory cytokines do not interfere with TMEV-induced chemokine gene expression and some cytokines may function synergistically for virus-induced upregulation of chemokine gene expression. Chemokine gene activation by TMEV appears to be largely independent of the IFNalphabeta pathway and partly dependent on dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) and MAP kinase pathways. However, TMEV-induced chemokine gene expression is completely dependent on the NFkappaB pathway. These results strongly suggest that the expression of select chemokine genes upon TMEV infection is activated via the NFkappaB pathway, similar to that of proinflammatory cytokine genes, and these cellular gene products appear to synergistically promote inflammatory responses in the CNS.
Diagnosing One Picosecond Duration Ultra-High Brightness Sources

Building diagnostics for characterizing 1-ps duration ultra-high brightness laser sources and their interaction with solid targets is a very complex task for the streak camera community. Generally, single-shot, 1-ps time resolution, large-dynamic range instrumentation is beyond current capabilities. In this paper, we discuss some of the limitations of present day streak camera technologies. The difficulty of the task is illustrated with some preliminary x-ray streak data from the interaction of a pair of picosecond laser pulses with a Cu target at 2 x 10 15 W/cm 2 .
Leveraged Leasing and Economic Substance under Proposed I.R.C. §7701(o)

In a “true lease,” the lessor reports rental income and deducts related business expenses. The lessee deducts his rental payments. The Commissioner, however, has on numerous occasions challenged purported lease agreements, arguing that a “sales” or “financing” transaction, rather than a “leasing” transaction, has actually occurred. When a lease is recharacterized as a sale, the lessee will be considered the owner of the leased property and, thus, lose the expense deduction for the rental payments, but have depreciation and other related expense deductions. The lessor will be treated as if he sold the leased property in a taxable transaction and recognizes gain and imputed interest income as rental payments are received. And since he is no longer the owner of the leased property, no deduction for depreciation or other related expenses will be allowed. In order for the parties to avail themselves to the implicit tax benefits of a lease, the transaction must generally meet both common law “economic substance...
Monitoring of Long Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Program Bridges

The Long Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Program, sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration, is currently in the pilot phase. During this phase, seven bridges distributed throughout the United States have been subjected to an initial round of of bridge performance testing. This preliminary testing was conducted to establish a baseline for comparison with future bridge testing, monitoring, and evaluation. Long term instrumentation systems have been designed and installed at these sites. This paper will focus on three of the pilot bridges. For each bridge, the preliminary testing conducted and long-term instrumentation layout will be provided.
A subset spanner for Planar graphs, with application to subset TSP

Let e>0 be a constant. For any edge-weighted planar graph G and a subset S of nodes of G, there is a subgraph H of G of weight a constant times that of the minimum Steiner tree for S such that distances in H between nodes in S are at most 1+e times the corresponding distances in G. As a consequence, there is an O(n log n)-time approximation scheme for finding a TSP among a given subset of nodes of a planar graph. This is the first PTAS for the problem.
Interactions of concanavalin a with a trimannosyl oligosaccharide fragment of complex and high mannose type glycopeptides

Summary It has previously been reported that the binding interactions of concanavalin A with a purified high mannose type glycopeptide from ovalbumin differs from that with simple mono- and oligosaccharides (Brewer, C.F. (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 90, 117–122). We now report studies with a synthetic analog of complex type glycopeptides, and a synthetic trimannosyl oligosaccharides fragment that is common to both complex and high mannose type glycopeptides. We find that both synthetic oligosaccharides undergo similar interactions with concanavalin A which mimic the effects of binding corresponding larger glycopeptides. Furthermore, the relative affinity of the trimannosyl oligosaccharides is 130-fold greater than the binding of methyl-α-D-mannopyranoside. The results indicate that the trimannosyl oligosaccharide is a unique structural element recognized by the lectin.
Energy transport to molten flowing polymer systems: I. Development of an apparatus to obtain temperature profiles

An improved apparatus for studying temperature profiles in molten, flowing polymers has been developed. The apparatus incorporates modifications and improvements of earlier temperature profile devices. In addition, this unit made it possible to study temperature profile development as a function of axial flow length. Data taken with the apparatus were found not only to be precise and highly reproducible but also to show the proper trends with respect to physical behavior.
Flowering time: a pathway that begins at the 3′ end

Flowering time control in plants involves integration of multiple signals. One of the signalling pathways in Arabidopsis involves a negative autoregulatory loop, in which the FCA protein together with FY promotes the choice of an alternative polyadenylation site within the FCA pre-mRNA to produce a transcript that does not encode a functional protein.
Comparison of site index and biomass production of spruce-fir stands by soil drainage class in Maine

Abstract Site index and biomass production of natural, even-aged spruce-fir (Picea rubens Sarg., Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., Abies balsamea L.) stands on four soil drainage classes were compared to determine the relationship between site index and biomass production. Biomass yield equations using stand age at breast height and site index as independent variables were developed by soil drainage class. Site index was determined from equations developed for each drainage class and revealed that site index for spruce and fir increased with improved drainage. Site index was found to be a poor predictor of stand biomass production on the soils studied as there was no significant change in the biomass production with increase in site index on the poorer drained soils. However biomass production decreased with increase in site index on the better drained soil suggesting that rates of self-thinning may increase on these soils with increase in site index. Site index, which measures only the height growth of the forest, may not be adequate in classifying sites into productivity classes, as it does not take into account the relation between soil and other stand properties. Stand biomass production was also compared among all soils, revealing that differences in biomass productivity among these soils is not evident at early ages. No significant differences in biomass productivity among stands were found until about stand age 60 years, where production of stands on the better drained soils became greater than those on the poorer drained soils.
Three Notes on Imperial Estates

With the exception of what they seized or inherited from eastern kings, the Roman emperors gathered and administered their estates like private individuals. Imperial estates differed only in being bigger. For just this reason, however, more is known of them, and it is the purpose of these notes to shed light on large private holdings, and on the range of their economic potential, by looking at three unusual kinds of activity on crown lands: the raising of herds, the exploitation of forests, and the making of bricks.
BLANCHING EFFECT ON POLYPHENOL OXIDASE ACTIVITY IN TABLE BEETS

Table beet polyphenol oxidase (PPO) causes undesirable color in underblanched products. The effects of pH and temperature on PPO activity were studied. Varietal differences and the effects of blanching on PPO activity of table beets were measured. The enzyme was most active at pH 7.0 and temperature 25°C. The rate of heat inactivation increases rapidly with increasing temperature and follows pseudo-first order kinetics. The enzyme activity varied among different cultivars of table beets. Water blanching deactivated the enzyme but the time required for a complete inactivation varied according to the size of table beets.
Cachexia, gluconeogenesis and progressive weight loss in cancer patients☆

Abstract Several theories have been proposed to account for the pathogenesis of cachexia in cancer patients. One of these is that the tumor's greater avidity for essential amino acids can result in an amino acid imbalance, which in turn can cause cachexia. In this paper it is shown how, by known biochemical mechanisms, a tumor caused amino acid imbalance can lead to cachexia, progressive weight loss, abnormal gluconeogenesis and lactate recycling. Cachexia leads to a decreased dietary intake, but the cachectic cancer patient, unlike normal man, is unable to adapt. The reason is that the changeover of metabolic fuels from the fed state (glucose) to the starved state (lipids) is hormone regulated, but gluconeogenesis and lactate recycling are substrate regulated. Because of this substrate regulation of gluconeogenesis, the host will be unable to effectively decrease gluconeogenesis as long as the tumor persists in causing an amino acid imbalance.
Hemispheric Differences in the Perception of Positive and Negative Faces

Thirty-two right-handed subjects (15 males and 17 females) participated in a study investigating the effects of the perception of positive and negative emotional stimuli on choice reaction time. Slides of faces showing positive (happy, surprise) or negative (anger, disgust, sadness) affect were presented via a tachistoscope to either the right or left visual field. A 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures over the factors of hand used by visual field by affect across sex of subject revealed a main effect for visual field (with slightly faster responses to stimuli presented in the right visual field) and a strong affect by visual field interaction with positive facial slides identified more quickly than negative facial slides when presented to the right visual field.
X-Ray Topography Of A Single Superscrew Dislocation In 6H-SiC Through All {100} Faces

Micropipes, the hollow cores of superscrew dislocations that lie along the c-direction in SiC single crystals, are quite deleterious to the performance of semiconductor devices. In the x-ray topography of longitudinal-cut samples of these crystals, topographs in the reflection (006) show dislocation image contrast associated with the superscrew dislocations lying along the c-axis of the crystal, which is also the direction of the dislocations’ Burgers vectors. In the (110) reflection, whose g-vector is perpendicular to the c-axis and the dislocations’ Burgers vector, there is also an image of the superscrew dislocation formed, albeit weaker than the corresponding image in the (006) reflection. This dislocation image is thought to represent stress components of the superscrew dislocation in directions perpendicular to the c-axis. In order to investigate the origin of these stress components, steps have been carried out to determine whether the dislocation image is anisotropic in all possible reflections where g={110}. To achieve this we have excised a hexagonal prism-shaped sample from a 6H-SiC wafer, 100µm wide, polished along the six {110} crystallographic faces, such that a single micropipe ran along the axis of the sample. This enabled x-ray topographs to be taken through each of these {110} faces.
Time evolved defects in proton-irradiated single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7−δ

Abstract Defects due to 200 MeV proton irradiation of single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7−δ at fluxes from 1014 to 1016 protons/cm2 have been examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using both diffraction contrast and lattice imaging. TEM foils were prepared from single-crystals and characterized prior to irradiation for intrinsic defects. The TEM foils were irradiated at 200 MeV with the beam parallel to the c-axis. Defects with anisotropic strain contrast were not observed in foils examined within days of irradiation for fluences up to 1015 p/cm2. After aging for over 90 days, the same samples which originally showed no defects consistent with irradiation damage, showed defects with anisotropic strain contrast. Lattice imaging showed two types of defects, small clusters (∼0.5 nm) with no special orientation and extended defects 2 to 7 nm in length and 0.2 nm thick which concentrate along the {100} 〈010〉. The lattice image, TRIM calculations and DC magnetization data are consistent with these extended defects being CuO extrinsic stacking faults. These data imply that protons produce predominantly point defects of Cu and O which cluster over time.
Growth and yield response of ‘Correll’ peach trees to fumigation with DBCP

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the nematicidal soil-fumigant DBCP (1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane) on a peach ( Prunus persica L. Batsch.) orchard planted on a site with high potential for “short life”. ‘Correll’ peach trees on ‘Lovell’ rootstock were planted on a Ruston fine sandy loam soil (Typic Paleudult, fine loamy, siliceous, thermic) on which 2 generations of peach trees had been grown. Increased tree growth and yield occurred when DBCP was applied twice (pre-plant and 1 year post-planting). After 4 years, there were no differences in the nematode populations or foliar nutrient content as a result of fumigation with DBCP.
Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma in Russia and Central Asia

Over 200 different species of plants from the former Soviet Union have been used in the traditional or conventional treatment of bronchial asthma. This paper reviews crude plant extracts and botanical drug formulas used in the former Soviet Union for the treatment of bronchial asthma and other respiratory allergic diseases.