cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human Behavior and Deception Detection

Human intelligence is the key to stopping terrorism, and therefore it is essential to know when the information obtained is false. This article briefly outlines the research on behavioral clues to deception, as well as research on people's abilities to spot deception once it has happened. We find that there is no clue or clue pattern that is specific to deception, although there are clues specific to emotion and cognition. In general, behavioral clues are only limited in their abilities to identify deception and that there are still behavioral measurement issues that may plague research on deception. Moreover, a closer examination of the laboratory research suggests that many research studies are not relevant to security contexts, thus the research literature may underestimate the usefulness of behavioral information—particularly for the utility of identifying emotional and cognitive states. We also find that most people, unaided by technology, cannot detect lies from behavioral information, but that some groups do show significantly higher levels of accuracy—although more research is needed to understand why. We conclude that a more directed interaction with scientists and practitioners—in both lab work and in the real world, in creating real-world databases, identifying base rates for malfeasant behavior in security settings, optimizing training, and identifying preexisting excellence within security organizations can more rapidly capitalize on the usefulness of behavioral information in security settings. Keywords: behavior; cognition; deception; detection; emotion; judgment; lying; malfeasance; memory
Frequency of Radiculopathy in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Paracervical Pain (P5.106)

OBJECTIVE: To determine if patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and neck or suprascapular pain (paracervical pain) have frequent electrophysiologic evidence of cervical radiculopathy. BACKGROUND: Patients with paracervical pain and paresthesias affecting a median distribution (or the entire hand) are often incorrectly diagnosed with cervical radiculopathy. Nerve conduction studies, in such patients, usually confirm median nerve entrapment. How frequent such patients have electrophysiologic evidence of cervical radiculopathy is unclear. DESIGN/METHODS: We reviewed charts from patients with CTS seen in our EMG laboratory between 2009 and 2011. All patients presented with clinical features of CTS and had at least one median nerve conduction parameter showing slowing across the wrist. Cases were divided into two groups: those with and without paracervical pain. Cervical radiculopathy was defined electrophysiologically as the presence of fibrillations in 2 or more muscles from the same myotome. The Fisher exact test was used to compare the frequency of radiculopathy between the groups and to determine if the rate of radiculopathy varied depending on the degree of median nerve entrapment (5 grades). A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of 133 charts reviewed, 108 patients were included; there were 87 (80.56%) females and 21 (19.44%) males. Of 115 limbs meeting selection criteria, 59 (51.30%) had paracervical pain 56 (48.70%) did not. Ten of 59 limbs with paracervical pain (16.95%) and 6 of the 56 without pain (10.71%) had cervical radiculopathy (p=0.42). There was also no difference in the frequency of radiculopathy related to the severity of median nerve entrapment (p=0.57). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with median nerve distribution paresthesias, paracervical pain is not associated with more frequent cervical radiculopathy than those without paracervical pain. Cervical radiculopathy is not more frequent in patients with more severe CTS. Paracervical pain in patients with CTS is likely due to myofascial pain from spondylosis rather than radiculopathy. This may reflect an association of tenosynovitis with CTS rather than “double-crush’’ injury. Disclosure: Dr. Garcia Santibanez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Altememi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Scelsa has received royalty payments for Peripheral Neuropathies in Clinical Practice. Dr. Scelsa has received research support from the National Institutes of Health.
Chimeric Antigen Receptors for Cancer: Progress and Challenges

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) genetically link an antigen-binding domain with cell-signaling domains to redirect immune cell specificity toward antigens expressed on the surface of cancer cells. Progress in CAR engineering over the last two decades has elucidated fundamental principles impacting CAR potency, and today CARs can be readily generated toward essentially any cell surface target on cancer cells. Efficacy thus far has been most impressive using CD19-CAR expressing T cells to treat B cell lymphoblastic leukemia, although clear activity has also been observed using CD19-CARs in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemic and B cell lymphoma. Much less data is available regarding CAR efficacy for solid tumors. Here, we summarize current concepts of CAR design, with a focus on the relationship between structure and function, a review of the clinical results reported thus far, and the challenges to be addressed in future studies.
7-OH-DPAT has d-amphetamine-like discriminative stimulus properties.

Rats were trained on a d-amphetamine (1 mg/kg) vs. saline discrimination task using food-maintained responding (fixed ratio = 25). In extinction tests, drug-appropriate responding decreased as the dose of amphetamine was substituted for the training dose decreased. The dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist (±)7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) substituted fully for the amphetamine discriminative stimulus at the higher doses examined (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/kg). This substitution was accompanied by a substantial decrease in overall response rates. Eticlopride, a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist, partially blocked 7-OH-DPAT substitution. Thus, at the higher doses, 7-OH-DPAT shared sufficient discriminative stimulus properties with the amphetamine to prompt full substitution. Eticlopride antagonism suggests a role for the D2/D3 dopamine receptor in this substitution.
Geochemical Study of Tar in the Uthmaniyah Reservoir

Tar is believed to be the main factor impeding production in certain regions of the Uthmaniyah area, Ghawar field. The effect of extraction with several solvents on the permeability and porosity of core plugs from tar zones in the Arab-D Formation was determined in order to understand to what extent tars contribute to obstructing the rock pores. Thin section examinations of the extracted rock were conducted to discern where the tar was distributed microscopically and how that distribution corresponded with the permeability and porosity data. The data show that in general, while organic matter continued to be removed by increasingly polar solvents, the effective permeability, which is controlled by the macropore system, showed little improvement. While the major pore network and macroporosity can generally be improved in the initial extraction, the marginally accessible porosity is still largely occluded by tar. Elemental and pyrolytic analyses of core samples before and after extraction indicate that the tar is neither itself homogeneous, nor uniformly distributed through an individual well, or from well to well. Some components of the tars are not soluble to any of the organic solvent systems utilized, and evidence that some of the tar may result from thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) is presented.
A social psychological approach to the study of police corruption

Abstract Police corruption is herein defined as a mode of behavior that is chosen because it will lead to money or other personally desirable rewards and involves a misuse of the authority of a police officer's occupational role. In recognition of the importance of explanation to the development of effective control techniques, a clearly explicated theoretical model is offered. Elaboration of this model involves an inclusion of the propositions of theories of social learning, role theory, and anomie in an attempt to provide a more thorough understanding of the various processes involved in police corruption. The model suggests that corruption arises through a process of interaction during which the individual police officer learns such behavior in accordance with the responses of others. Role theory is used to account for the motivating forces behind corrupt behavior. Following a discussion of the proposed theoretical basis for corruption, various research suggestions are offered.
A computational tutor for architectural design

Abstract The conceptual basis for a computational design tutoring environment whose purpose is to aid student designers in the search for design solutions is presented. Problems that students experience in the course of their design education are presented. These problems are related to previous work in the development of computable representations of designs. A specification for a computational learning environment for design students is outlined.
Low-temperature furnace-grown reoxidized nitrided oxide gate dielectrics as a barrier to boron penetration

Reoxidized nitrided oxide (ROXNOX) gate dielectrics can be used to block the diffusion of boron into the MOS channel region. However, fixed oxide charge annealing can mask the effects of boron in the channel, a particularly important consideration for low-temperature gate oxides. The authors separate the effect of fixed charge annealing from the effect of boron diffusion and demonstrate that a low-temperature furnace-grown reoxidized nitrided oxide has a substantial advantage over conventional gate oxides in protecting the channel from boron over a wide range of annealing times and temperatures. They also address the issue of fixed charge annealing in low-temperature reoxidized nitrided oxides and present an approach to maintain acceptable gate dielectric quality while preserving a low D-t product for integration into a scaled dual-gate CMOS process. >
Empowerment movements and mental health: Locus of control and commitment to the united farm workers

Psychologists in the community mental health field have contended that enhancement of psychological well-being is a likely benefit for individual participants in selfhelp, social-change-oriented organizations. This investigation sought to provide an empirical test of that proposition. A cross-section of 102 Mexican-American male seasonal farm workers who were differentially related to the United Farm Workers (Cesar Chavez, Director) were found to differ significantly on the I-E locus of control variable. It was possible to demonstrate a positive relationship for the participants between commitment (involvement) to the U. F. W. and an internal locus of control orientation (low perceived powerlessness).
Writing Like a Historian: What Teacher Candidates Should Know and Be Able To Teach

Literacy skills taught in the elementary grades establish a good foundation but are not adequate for the demands of secondary content curriculum. In history, preservice teachers must be prepared with a solid content base along with the pedagogy for teaching that content. To better teach and enhance student writing, preservice teachers need to learn how to integrate discipline-specific literacy into their instruction, using instructional strategies that are explicitly taught with scaffold supports. The purpose of this article is to present instructional ideas and strategies designed to help students develop key cognitive skills in history and engage in deeper-level thinking as they learn to write like a historian. Each strategy is research-based and includes sample writing assignments.
Cloud Monitor: Monitoring Applications in Cloud

This paper presents Cloud Monitor - a scalable framework for monitoring cloud applications. Cloud Monitor monitors cluster nodes for errors. It supports dependent monitors, redundancy, multiple notification levels and auto-healing. Cloud Manager supports a flexible architecture where users can add custom monitors and associated self-heal actions. This paper presents Cloud Monitor - a scalable framework for monitoring cloud applications. Cloud Monitor monitors cluster nodes for errors. It supports dependent monitors, redundancy, multiple notification levels and auto-healing. Cloud Manager supports a flexible architecture where users can add custom monitors and associated self-heal actions.
On the electrochemical behavior of gold in chromic acid solution

Abstract The electrochemical behavior of Au in chromic acid was studied with steady-state and transient voltammetry. Because a thick nonconducting film of Au2O3 is formed on gold, large area changes can be observed in the polarization curves and the rest potential is the reversible oxide potential (1.36 V vs. NHE, 1.11 V vs. SCE). Hydrogen is only weakly, if at all, adsorbed on gold. Chromium is readily deposited on a gold surface and is easily stripped away by reverse current.
Evolutionary computation and the c-value paradox

The C-value Paradox is the name given in biology to the wide variance in and often very large amount of DNA in eukaryotic genomes and the poor correlation between DNA length and perceived organism complexity. Several hypotheses exist which purport to explain the Paradox. Surprisingly there is a related phenomenon in evolutionary computation, known as code bloat, for which a different set of hypotheses has arisen. This paper describes a new hypothesis for the C-value Paradox derived from models of code bloat. The new explanation is that there is a selective bias in preference of genetic events which increase DNA material over those which decrease it. The paper suggests one possible concrete mechanism by which this may occur: deleting strands of DNA is more likely to damage genomic material than migrating or copying strands. The paper also discusses other hypotheses in biology and in evolutionary computation, and provides a simulation example as a proof of concept.
Reflections on the Moral Debate over the Strategic Defense Initiative

The moral debate over the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) has run its course in a surprisingly short period of time. The debate began less than six years ago when President Reagan initiated the SDI by setting forth a noble moral vision for the role of strategic defenses. The end of the debate has been signaled by the recent news report that the Pentagon is now promoting the SDI for its capacity to destroy Soviet satellites.1 This concludes the moral debate on an unfortunate note. The history of the SDI is a tale of moral decline. Because the debate, if not the program itself, is at an end, this is an appropriate time to reflect on what it has taught us. There are three lessons to be drawn from the moral debate. The first is the somewhat surprising lesson that morality counts in the area of military policy. The second lesson is less surprising. It is that the fundamental moral problem posed by nuclear weapons remains intractable. The third lesson is that, despite claims to the contrary, there is nothing morally special about the SDI defenses in comparison with other strategic weapons systems.
Enhancing attributional style as a resiliency factor in depressogenic stress generation

Abstract There is a growing body of evidence that suggests depression and cognitive vulnerabilities to depression may lead individuals to generate stressful events. However, there has been no study to date that has directly examined factors that may lead individuals to be less likely to generate stressful events. The present study examines whether an enhancing attributional style, the tendency to make global and stable inferences following occurrence of a positive event, functions as a resiliency factor in stress generation. One hundred and sixty-seven female students completed measures of depression symptoms and attributional style at baseline and occurrence of life events since baseline at a four-week follow-up. Results indicated that an enhancing attributional style predicted decreased levels of stressful events over the following four weeks, even when controlling for depression symptoms. The findings of this study suggest that there may be resiliency factors that can help protect individuals from the ...
Low-Temperature Critical Exponents from High-Temperature Series: The Ising Model

First, a new method proposed by Baker and Rushbrooke is used to study the simple ferromagnetic Ising model at and below the Curie temperature. Of course, the properties of the Ising model are already well known, so that the main aim here is to assess the potential and reliability of the new method, since it has wide applicability to other models which have not been otherwise studied. Between 8 and 16 coefficients of exact high-temperature expansions for fixed values of the magnetization are derived for various two- and three-dimensional lattices. A Pad\'e-approximant analysis of these expansions at the critical isotherm and magnetic phase boundary enables us to estimate the critical exponents $\ensuremath{\beta}$, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, and $\ensuremath{\delta}$, and plot the spontaneous magnetization. The results are in good agreement with previous calculations. Secondly, an analysis of the exact series expansions provides no support for the conjecture that the phase boundary is a line of essential singularities. However, the same expansions strongly suggest the existence of a "spinodal" curve, whose properties are in reasonable agreement with the predictions of various heuristic arguments (based essentially upon analyticity at the phase boundary and one-phase homogeneity in the critical region). Finally, structure and a mild extension of the proven analyticity of the free energy are used to show the $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\le}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\le}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$.
Analysis of viral proteins in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells during impaired lytic replication of herpes simplex virus.

Abstract Herpes simplex virus (HSV) latency can be established in vitro following arrest of virus replication and survival of infected cells in culture. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been shown to interact with HSV, resulting in reactivation of latent HSV. In addition, impaired replication of superinfecting HSV occurs in HCMV-infected human cells. HCMV-infected human embryonic lung cells inhibit production of infectious HSV despite replication of HSV DNA at levels comparable to those in control cultures infected only with HSV. Using radioimmunoprecipitation techniques, we found that the synthesis of HSV type t proteins of the α, β γ , and γ kinetic classes was impaired during the restricted replication of HSV in HCMV-infected HEL cells. However, synthesis of the HSV β protein ICP-8 and HCMV α and β proteins was not significantly affected in superinfected cell cultures.
Very large fractional factorial and central composite designs

We present a concise representation of fractional factorials and an algorithm to quickly generate resolution V designs. The description is based on properties of a complete, orthogonal discrete-valued basis set called Walsh functions. We tabulate two-level resolution V fractional factorial designs, as well as central composite designs allowing estimation of full second-order models, for experiments involving up to 120 factors. The simple algorithm provided can be used to characterize even larger designs, and a fast Walsh transform method quickly generates design matrices from our representation.
Synthetic studies of didemnins. IV: Synthesis of the macrocycle

Abstract A stereocontrolled route to the 23-membered macrocycle found in the didemnins is described.
Reconstituction of an ATP-dependent sodium pump with an ATPase from electric eel and pure phospholipids

Abstract An ATP-dependent sodium pump was reconstituted with an ATPase preparation from the electric eel and purified phospholipids. Vesicles reconstituted by the sonication procedure catalyzed Na+ translocation at a rate 10 to 20 times higher than vesicles reconstituted by the cholate-dialysis procedure. A small but reproducible stimulation of Na+ transport by valinomycin in the presence of K+ was observed.
Reduction in ignition energy for single-shot microthrusters using pulsedlaser excitation

An experiment has been conducted to compare the ignition energy of an existing digital thruster design between a pulsed electrical and laser excitations. A 355nm Nd-YAG pulsed laser is used to ignite the stored lead styphnate propellant charge. Given the device design, roughly 800 μJ is necessary to ignite a 180 μg charge volume with a 90% probability of ignition. This energy value is considered an upper limit. Under equivalent conditions, roughly 2.4mJ of electrical energy is required to ignite the same volume. The digital thruster concept is one approach to provide a valveless, slap-on propulsion capability for small (1kg mass class) and large satellites (1000kg mass class) to help maintain attitude or control the damping of low frequency oscillations in extended surfaces.
A dictionary random choice method for turbulent combustion

A random numerical method is used to study turbulent combustion phenomena. A hybrid random vortex method is used for solving the Navier-Stokes equations which govern the fluid motion. We consider a two-step chemical reaction in the combustion process, which is governed by a reaction-diffusion system for the conservation of energy and for the chemical species participating in the reaction. A random choice method with a dictionary approach is used for modeling the reaction-diffusion equations. The method is applied to a pre-mixed gas past a heated circular cylinder. The numerical results for both hydrodynamics and flame propagation are obtained and have good agreement with experimental observations.
Switching algorithms: from one immunomodulatory agent to another.

In spite of the availability of six disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis, a significant minority of patients fail to respond adequately to treatment. Switching immunomodulatory therapy is a potentially useful treatment strategy in such patients. Several factors contribute to the need to switch between immunomodulatory treatments, including the variable response to drug treatment, the timing and choice of therapy, disease severity, and the occurrence of neutralising antibodies. Guidelines have been proposed to define treatment response, integrating both clinical and imaging criteria. Several observational studies, principally evaluating a switch from β-interferons to glatiramer acetate, have demonstrated that switching treatments is both safe and effective in patients with inadequate control of disease activity or who are experiencing unacceptable side effects with their original treatment. A treatment algorithm is proposed for decision-making when switching therapies appears warranted.
Evaluation of a modified ACR20 scoring system in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving treatment with etanercept

Objective: To evaluate a modified American College of Rheumatology 20 (mACR20) scoring system for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The data were evaluated from one study on patients with methotrexate (MTX)-naive early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) and another study on patients with DMARD-refractory late rheumatoid arthritis (LRA). For mACR20 scoring, acute-phase reactant measurements were excluded, and 20% improvement from baseline was determined by 2 or 3 of the 4 remaining ACR components. Results: For full joint counts with data from patients with ERA, marked differences favoured 25 mg etanercept (ETN) over 10 mg ETN by using the unmodified ACR20 (69% v 55%), the mACR20 3 of 4 (63% v 49%) and the mACR20 2 of 4 (72% v 58%). An assessment of 28 joints showed similar findings. In the trial on patients with LRA, considerably more patients in both ETN groups achieved a clinical response compared with placebo by using the ACR20, the mACR20 3 of 4 and the mACR20 2 of 4 , whether using full or 28 joint counts. The mACR20 3 of 4 and full joint counts with data on patients with ERA showed a marked difference between the MTX and 10 mg ETN groups (63% v 49%), which was not observed with the ACR20. Conclusion: Patterns of improvement indicated by mACR20 scores were consistent with standard ACR20 scores.
Reactive oxygen species as a marine grazing defense: H2O2 and wounded Ascoseira mirabilis both inhibit feeding by an amphipod grazer

Abstract Marine macroalgae can release reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon wounding and grazing. Here we address the potential role of ROS in herbivore defense. We performed feeding assays in the presence of varying concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a common type of ROS. H2O2 inhibited feeding by a marine amphipod grazer, Gondogeneia antarctica, over broad levels of concentration, and its potency was strongly dependent on its rate of decay in natural seawater. Because it is possible that the inhibitory levels of H2O2 are encountered in the vicinity of a sympatric macroalgal wound, we suggest that H2O2 has the potential to act as a direct anti-grazing defense in marine ecosystems. Since some sympatric macroalgae release a burst of non-H2O2 ROS, we also performed experiments to evaluate the role of these naturally-produced ROS on sympatric grazers. The presence of wounded Ascoseira mirabilis (which releases a burst of non-H2O2 ROS after wounding) during a feeding assay inhibited feeding of G. antarctica compared to the presence of intact A. mirabilis. These data are consistent with a role for ROS as a direct anti-herbivore defense in nature. However, the data are also consistent with hypotheses that involve other putative activated anti-grazing defenses.
Evaluation of steric effects on the exocyclic conformations of 6-C-methyl-substituted 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosides

Abstract Introduction of a stereodefined methyl group at the C-6 position of N -acetylglucosamine mono- and disaccharides creates a strong and predictable orientational bias on the geminal C-6 hydroxyl in solution, as determined by 1 H– 1 H and 13 C– 1 H NMR coupling constants. The conformational directing effect is more pronounced in the disaccharides because of the greater steric demand imposed by the neighboring glycosidic unit.
Seasonal variation in twin births.

THE seasonal patterns of single births are well established. Among the birth characteristics noted to be associated with significant changes in seasonal patterns are race, geographic differences1, and birth order2. Early studies on this general topic were reviewed by Huntington3, and other studies by Bailar and Gurian4.
Transverse effects in UV FELs

The authors wish to thank CEBAF and the Naval Postgraduate School for their support in this work.
On-line brain stimulation: Measurement of threshold of reinforcement

This program and interface for a small computer (PDP8/e) performs the following operations: generates and delivers constant current stimulation to the brain of an animal, monitors electrical resistance at the stimulating electrode, and calculates the threshold of reinforcement based upon the frequency of characteristic pauses in the animal’s responding.
Dopamine receptors: structure-activity relationship of d-tubocurarine analogues.

d-Tubocurarine (dTC) and d-tubocurine acted as antagonists of the dopamine-induced inhibition of adrenergic neurotransmission in the isolated, perfused rabbit ear artery. N-Methyl-dTC and O,O,N-trimethyl-dTC (metocurine) did not exhibit dopaminergic antagonist activity. dTC contains one tertiary (3 degrees) nitrogen and one quaternary (4 degrees) nitrogen and d-tubocurine contains two 3 degrees nitrogens; whereas, both N-methyl-dTC and O,O,N-trimethyl-dTC have two 4 degrees nitrogens. The results suggest that a dTC analogue (e.g., metocurine) which lacks a 3 degrees nitrogen should be considered for use in patients treated with dopamine.
Cell population changes in the intestinal mucosa of protein-depleted or starved rats. I. Changes in mitotic cycle time.

The effect of a protein-free diet and starvation on the duration of the rat ileal crypt cell cycle time was studied by Quastler's technique of labeled mitoses. Rats were fed a protein-free diet for 3, 7, or 11 wk or were starved for 7 or 10 days. Progressive protein depletion resulted in a progressive lengthening of the cycle time (GT), due primarily to a lengthening of the synthetic phase (S) of the cycle. The presynthetic gap (G1) was the same as the control value after 3 wk and lower, but not significantly so, due to the large variability, after 11 wk. The duration of the postsynthetic gap (G2) plus mitotic phase (M) was not affected by the diet. As the dietary stress became more severe, the cell cycle also became more variable. Although the GT of rats starved for as long as 10 days was only slightly different from the control, the relative duration of the components of the cycle changed significantly. S and G2 were longer in the starved animals while G1 was of shorter duration.
Abnormalities of Ventricular Motion Induced by Atrial Pacing in Coronary Artery Disease

In order to study left ventricular performance and motion under ischemic stress, incremental atrial pacing was performed in 10 patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease until angina pectoris or segmental S-T depression appeared. Single-plane left ventricular cineangiograms were obtained in both the resting and the transiently ischemic state induced by pacing. Abnormal motion appeared with pacing in two of three patients with normal contraction at rest; in one of them, gross dyskinesis of the cardiac apex was noted. Seven patients had abnormal contraction at rest; six showed an increase in either the severity or the topographic distribution of abnormality, while one showed no change. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and cardiac index were not altered significantly despite changes in the pattern of contraction. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume decreased irrespective of the development of asynergy, but ejection fraction decreased markedly in those patients in whom asynergy was...
Year-Round Preference for Spiders by Mediterranean Great Tits Parus major

A key topic in foraging ecology is whether a particular prey type is consumed because it is more abundant or easier to catch, or because there is a specific preference for it. The great tit Parus major is an ideal species for studying this topic. Although it is traditionally regarded as a caterpillar specialist, in certain periods, e.g. during the breeding season, or areas, such as the Mediterranean forests, the great tit seems to show a preference for spiders. We conducted food choice experiments with captive birds to ascertain which of these two main prey types (caterpillars vs. spiders) was preferred outside the breeding season when there was an opportunity to prey on both food types. In conclusion, we found that, regardless of any variation in the supply-demand ratio and the amount of food available, Mediterranean great tits showed a preference for spiders.
ERG gene is translocated in an Ewing's sarcoma cell line

Abstract Ewing's sarcoma (ES) and related neoplasias are characterized by the reciprocal translocation, t(11;22)(q24;q12). The translocation has been reported to generate a fusion gene between the EWS (a previously undescribed gene on chromosome 22) and FLI1 genes. We report a similar translocation of EWS and FLI1 in an Askin's tumor cell line (SK-NM-C). Further, we describe an alternative translocation in an ES cell line (#5838) in which the 5′ end of the EWS gene is juxtaposed to the 3′ end of the ERG gene. The ERG gene is on chromosome 21, but no microscopically visible changes in chromosome 21 were observed. Elevated steady state levels of the EWS/ ERG fusion gene transcript were detected in the #5838 cell line. This is the first report of a structural alteration of ERG in human cancer. Also, it confirms a general mechanism of generating putative oncogenic fusion genes by placing an ETS DNA binding domain in direct proximity to the carboxy terminus domain (CTD) related region of the EWS gene.
High-temperature series and the random-field Ising model

A formalism is given whereby high-temperature series for the random-field Ising model are obtained by partitioning the vertices of the pure Ising series' diagrams; for any given order in the high-temperature variable, the random fields are thereby treated exactly. Series for the susceptibility up to seventh order in the high-temperature variable have been obtained for an arbitrary distribution of the random fields. Series for a bimodal and a Gaussian distribution were analyzed by Dlog-Pad\'e methods. The analysis predicts that, for a bimodal distribution of random fields, the tricritical point predicted by mean-field theory persists in all dimensions above the lower critical dimension, but moves to weaker fields as the dimension is reduced. For the Gaussian distribution, the transition is predicted to be second order over the whole phase boundary for dimension d\ensuremath{\ge}4; however, for dl4 the analysis suggests that fluctuations drive the transition first order for sufficiently strong fields implying that d=4 is a ``critical'' dimension for this model. Above four dimensions the value of the susceptibility exponent determined from the series is consistent with the predictions of the d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d-2 rule for both distributions.
Extracting data from the muck: deriving biological insight from complex microbial communities and non-model organisms with next generation sequencing

It is becoming increasingly clear that microbes within microbial communities, for which cultured isolates have not yet been obtained, have an immense, untapped reservoir of enzymes that could help address grand challenges in human health, energy, and sustainability. Despite the obstacles associated with culturing these microbes, recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have made it possible to explore complex microbial communities in their native context for the first time. Key to extracting meaning from rapidly growing NGS datasets are bioinformatics tools that assemble the sequence data, annotate homologous sequences and interrogate it to reveal regulatory patterns. Complementing this are advances in proteomics that can link NGS data to biological function. This combination of next generation sequencing, proteomics and bioinformatic analysis forms a powerful tool to study non-model microbes, which will transform what we know about these dynamic systems.
Conditional sampling in turbulent combustion

Abstract The application to turbulent combustion of the technique of conditional sampling, well-known in experimental turbulence research, is reviewed. The case is presented for more detailed, more informative data from experiments involving turbulent reacting flows available from the permanent recording of the output from various sensors. The variety of treatments of data recorded in permanent form is shown to expand the information which can be extracted from an experiment, information which can be used in coordinating theoretical studies and in adding to our knowledge of the turbulent processes involved. The theoretical structure within which experiments in turbulent combustion can presently be carried out and examples of applications of conditional sampling to experimental turbulence and turbulent combustion are discussed.
Size Estimation and Monetary Value: A Correlation

(1952). Size Estimation and Monetary Value: A Correlation. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 43-53.
Characteristics of small to medium-sized rotator cuff tears with and without disruption of the anterior supraspinatus tendon

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the baseline function and results of arthroscopic cuff repair in shoulders with small and medium-sized full-thickness cuff tears with complete supraspinatus disruption compared with those with an intact anterior supraspinatus tendon. Methods: The study evaluated 112 subjects with small and medium-sized cuff tears. Subjects were grouped according to anterior supraspinatus integrity (83 shoulders intact, group 1; and 29 shoulders with anterior supraspinatus tendon disruption, group 2). Functional assessments included visual analogue scale for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Simple Shoulder Test score, and Constant score. Repair integrity was assessed by ultrasound examination. Results: Group 2 shoulders had greater mean tear width, length, and area (P <.0001) and greater supraspinatusmuscledegenerative changes(P<.0001) compared withshoulders withan intact anterior supraspinatus tendon. Therewere no differences in demographics or baseline function (ASES score: 45 group 1 vs 46 group 2,P ¼.79; Constantscore:56group1vs52group 2,P ¼.29) beforesurgery. Therewere nodifferences inany functionalparameter(ASESscore:92group1vs93group2,P ¼.71;Constantscore:84group1vs85group2, P ¼.84)aftersurgery.Therewasnodifferenceintendonhealingrates(93%group1vs86% group2;P ¼.26). Conclusions: In the setting of painful small and medium-sized rotator cuff tears, disruption of the anterior supraspinatus tendon was associated with greater tear size and more advanced supraspinatus muscle degeneration. However, anterior supraspinatus tendon integrity had no influence on the clinical presentation or the functional and structural results of cuff repair surgery. Level of evidence: Level III, Retrospective Cohort, Treatment Study. 2014 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees.
3-D Space Modulation With Voltage Balancing Capability for a Cascaded Seven-Level Converter in a Solid-State Transformer

The solid-state transformer (SST) is an alternative for existing power transformer due to its advantage in low volume, bidirectional power flow, power factor control, and fault management capability. In this paper, a three-stage cascaded-type SST, which utilizes the cascaded seven-level rectifier as the interface with a 7.2 kV distribution system, is presented. In the described system, dc voltage balancing of the cascaded seven-level rectifier is a necessity for stable operation. Previous PI-based voltage balancing control has intrinsic disadvantage in compromise between fast regulation and PI saturation. Besides, the addition of a voltage balancing controller may also change the system loop and bring unexpected performance. This paper aims at giving an alternative view of voltage balancing mechanism in a cascaded multilevel converter. A novel 3-D space modulation technique with voltage balancing capability is proposed for a cascaded seven-level rectifier stage of SST. By choosing the most suitable switching pairs for dc voltage balance, this method has a very good voltage balancing capability that can realize fast regulation of dc voltages in all operation modes, including unity power factor operation, capacitive operation, and inductive operation. Simulation and experimental results in a scaled-down system are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Treatment planning of template-guided stereotaxic brain implants

We have initiated a Phase I clinical trial of interstitial hyperthermia induced with inductively heated ferromagnetic implants in combination with Ir-192 implants for glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas of the brain. For speed and accuracy of the implant procedure, and to control the radiation and thermal dose, a stereotaxic frame is used to position a template. We have modified the Brown-Roberts-Wells frame to be used with a variety of templates which we designed. On the morning of the implant procedure, a CT scan is done, and a CT-based treatment plan is then completed before the patient goes to the operating room. We also describe the CT-based treatment planning system developed to accommodate the template-guided implant and illustrate its clinical use.
Comparison of FASST and SNTHERM in Three Snow Accumulation Regimes

Abstract Numerical experiments of snow accumulation and depletion were carried out as well as surface energy fluxes over four Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX) sites in Colorado using the Snow Thermal model (SNTHERM) and the Fast All-Season Soil Strength model (FASST). SNTHERM is a multilayer snow model developed to describe changes in snow properties as a function of depth and time, using a one-dimensional mass and energy balance. The model is intended for seasonal snow covers and addresses conditions found throughout the winter, from initial ground freezing in the fall to snow ablation in the spring. It has been used by many researchers over a variety of terrains. FASST is a newly developed one-dimensional dynamic state-of-the-ground model. It calculates the ground’s moisture content, ice content, temperature, and freeze–thaw profiles as well as soil strength and surface ice and snow accumulation/depletion. Because FASST is newer and not as well known, the authors wanted to determine its use as a sn...
Forest Fire Management at Aggtelek National Park Integrated Vegetation Fire Management Program from Hungary

Szendro Fire Department is located in the northeastern part of Hungary. The main task is to fight against wildfire and mitigate the impact of fire at the Aggtelek National Park - which belongs to the UNESCO World Heritage list. In 2004 the Fire Department started a project named Integrated Vegetation Fire Management (IVFM). The IVFM consist of two main parts: Peripheries and Modules. The Modules are: Tower based environment monitoring and fire detection system, Mobile command control unit and Static and dynamic decision support system. The Tower based environment monitoring and fire detection system address the Fire Department by hot information. The Static and dynamic decision support system is based on robot reconnaissance aircraft (UAV-RRA)- dynamic parts; and the GIS - static parts. The data supplied by the robot reconnaissance aircraft is combined with the GIS based fuel model and other information to predict the fire activity. The environment monitoring and fire detection system and the Dynamic part (UAV - RRA) of Decision support system based on remote sensing.
The adaptive-filtering transport model for prediction and control of pollutant concentration in an urban airshed

Abstract An adaptive-filtering transport model for estimation and prediction of pollutant concentrations in an urban or regional airshed is developed. The program uses the method of fractional steps for direct numerical solution of the turbulent transport partial differential equation, coupled with a regressive least-squares filter which estimates both the concentrations and a spatially-distributed parameter for the adaptive feature at each time interval. The model is applied to historical data on SO2-concentrations in the Chicago area, and gives very good 4-h predictions.
Estrogen‐sensitive projections from the medial preoptic area to the dorsal pontine tegmentum, including Barrington's nucleus, in the rat

Aim Urinary incontinence affects a significant number of post-menopausal women. There is conflicting evidence whether voiding symptoms in these women are related to hypoestrogenism or aging itself. This neuroanatomical study was designed to determine whether a specific central nervous system (CNS) pathway that projects to the pontine micturition center (PMC, also known as “Barrington's nucleus”) is estrogen sensitive in a rat model. Methods A fluorescent retrograde tracer was injected into the dorsal pontine tegmentum of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats to identify neurons in the medial preoptic area (MPA) that project to the PMC. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies directed against estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) to identify estrogen-sensitive neurons. The brain sections were examined using fluorescence microscopy to identify cells that project to the PMC (contain fluorescent tracer) and also express ER (are immunoreactive for ER). Results There are neurons in the MPA that are double labeled (contain fluorescent tracer and express ERα, but not ERβ), showing that a subset of neurons projecting from the MPA to the PMC is estrogen sensitive. Conclusions A subset of estrogen-sensitive neurons projects from the MPA to the PMC in rats, raising the possibility that indirect estrogenic regulation of forebrain neuronal function may modulate the micturition reflex. Future development of drugs that alter the function of this estrogen-sensitive CNS pathway may provide therapeutic strategies to treat post-menopausal incontinence. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:440–445, 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Homo origo: The queertext manifesto

Abstract In a 56-point performance of what she calls queertext , Rhodes explicates the tensions between the The Word and queertext. The Word enacts its dominance through grammar and extends its discipline through a host of ills including English-onlyism, racism, heterosexism, and capitalism; queertext, on the other hand, resists textual dominance through its emphasis on the material, erotic realities of our bodies. Rhodes finds a unique space for queertexts online, claiming that the hyperlink is an erotic textual moment when idea and action collide.
Dispelling stereotypes: promoting disability equality through film

All too often individuals with disabilities in the popular media are portrayed as people to be pitied or super humans to be admired. Film is one important resource that helps form the public’s beliefs and dispositions about people with disabilities. With that in mind a film festival was designed to provide authentic representation of people with disabilities living normal lives so as to help viewers see individuals with disabilities as people first. Part of the effort was to develop a more realistic understanding and appreciation for the lives of individuals with disabilities. Various programs were developed across disciplines to present a wide range of perspectives. Following each viewing filmmakers and faculty led in‐depth discussions about the films. A participant survey indicated the use of film as an effective pedagogical methodology that provided an entertaining and meaningful way to generate discussion and change attitudes about disabilities.
Breast feeding, hydrolysate formulas and delayed introduction of selected foods in the prevention of food hypersensitivity and allergic disease

Allergy and atopic disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in young children. In all infants, especially in those with parental history of allergy, exclusive breast feeding for 4 months or longer, dietary precautions by the lactating mother, use of a hydrolyzed formula, and delayed introduction of egg, fish, and peanut have considerable value in preventing food allergy, eczema, asthma and other allergic manifestations.
Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation in Aileron Lever Using Successive-Initiation Modeling Approach

Crack initiation and propagation due to cyclic mechanical fatigue damage in the T-38 aileron lever is modeled using a continuum damage modeling approach in conjunction with a “successive-initiation” technique. Successive initiation is a continuum-based damage-propagation methodology that is based on updating the state of damage in material and accumulating damage in individual elements according to their stress-life history. The elements are eliminated from the structure if they exceed the defined damage threshold. In contrast to available fracturemechanics approaches, this method does not require an initial crack and is capable of determining the initiation site. The model is used to predict the number of cycles to crack initiation and propagation to critical size. This approach successfully predicts the location of crack initiation, propagation path and propagation rate. Field data and experimental observations of the cracks correlated very well with finite element results. Probability design approach using a Monte Carlo simulation is used to determine the sensitivity of fatigue-life response to variation in load and mechanical-property inputs. As expected, the most important parameter was found to be the damage exponent. A sensitivity study was conducted without damage parameters as input variables. The results of this study show that load variations are more important than material-property variations.