cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New Twist on Studying the Development of Dynamic Spatial Transformations: Mental Paper Folding in Young Children

The relation of spatial skills to academic success in areas such as math and science has sparked discussion in early education around how spatial thinking skills might be included in early schooling. Planning and evaluating new curricula or interventions requires understanding these skills and having the means to assess them. Prior developmental research focused primarily on one aspect of dynamic spatial transformations (DST), namely mental rotation. This study broadens our knowledge by addressing another important DST, namely mental folding. We devised a new test suitable for young children. Performance of 180 children between 4 and 7 years suggests that mental folding appears at around 5.5 years of age, although there were also marked individual differences. These data on the emergence of DST suggest that educational programs targeting this skill could start in preschool or kindergarten and provide a means to assess the effectiveness of such efforts.
Anterior lumbar spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of associated complications.

Abstract Background context The anterior approach to the lumbar spine is increasingly used to accomplish various surgical procedures. However, the incidence and risk factors for complications associated with anterior lumbar spine surgery (ALS) have not been fully elucidated. Purpose To identify and document types of complications and complication rates associated with ALS, determine risk factors for these events, and evaluate the effect of measures used to decrease complication rates. Study design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A systematic review of the English-language literature was conducted for articles published between January 1992 and December 2013. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify articles reporting complications associated with ALS. For each complication, the data were combined using a generalized linear mixed model with a binomial probability distribution and a random effect based on the study. Predictors used were the type of procedure (open, minimally invasive, or laparoscopic), the approach used (transperitoneal vs. retroperitoneal), use of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2, use of preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA), and the utilization of an access surgeon. Open surgery was used as a reference category. Results Seventy-six articles met final inclusion criteria and reported complication rates in 11,410 patients who underwent arthrodesis and/or arthroplasty via laparoscopic, mini-open, and open techniques. The overall complication rate was 14.1%, with intraoperative and postoperative complication rates of 9.1% and 5.2%, respectively. Only 3% of patients required reoperation or revision procedures. The most common complications reported were venous injury (3.2%), retrograde ejaculation (2.7%), neurologic injury (2%), prosthesis related (2%), postoperative ileus (1.4%), superficial infection (1%), and others (1.3%). Laparoscopic and transperitoneal procedures were associated with higher complication rates, whereas lower complication rates were observed in patients receiving mini-open techniques. Our analysis indicated that the use of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 was associated with increased rates of retrograde ejaculation; however, there may be limitations in interpreting these data. Data regarding the use of preoperative CTA and an access surgeon were limited and demonstrated mixed benefit. Conclusions Overall complication rates with ALS are relatively low, with the most common complications occurring at a rate of 1% to 3%. Complication rates are related to surgical technique, approach, and implant characteristics. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the use of preventative measures including CTA and the use of an access surgeon.
A unified concept for spacecraft system and subsystem-level automation

An approach based on the application of a systems engineering methodology to the satellite operations environment is presented. It includes the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques such as blackboards and causal modeling. The approach has been used in the development of an architecture that maintains global control through a coordinator process and local control through dedicated processes for each individual subsystem or payload. The delegation of responsibility enhances the system's ability to respond to time-critical events through modularity. The coordination aspect allows the system to handle systemwide situations efficiently, with specialized processes responsible for specific items or groups of items. Prototype results have supported this concept, demonstrating the effectiveness of cooperating specialized processes in global situations. >
No Place for Nostalgia in Science: A Response to Arkes and Tetlock

1. Prejudice and other attitudes were assumed to operate largely in conscious (explicit, deliberate, con trollable, intentional) mode. Now they are generally viewed as also operating in a less conscious (implicit, spontaneous, uncontrollable, unintentional) mode (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993; Fazio, Sanbonmatsu, Powell, & Kardes, 1986; Greenwald & Banaji, 1995; Wilson, Lindsey, & Schooler, 2000). From this conceptual shift other changes have followed:
Finding social benefits after a collective trauma: Perceiving societal changes and well-being following 9/11†

Individuals frequently perceive positive changes in themselves following adversity; after a collective trauma, they may perceive such benefits in others or in their society as well. We examined perceived benefits of the September 11, 2001 (9/11) terrorist attacks in a 3-year study of a national sample of adults (N = 1382). Many individuals (57.8%) perceived social benefits of 9/11, including increased prosocial behavior, religiousness, or political engagement. Individuals who found increased national religiosity as a benefit 2 months post-9/11 reported greater positive affect and life satisfaction and lower distress and posttraumatic stress up to 3 years post-9/11. Pre-9/11 religiousness and Republican political affiliation predicted perceiving religion-related social benefits post-9/11. Perceptions of social change are important but understudied responses to stressful events.
An Assessment of the Partition of Cyprus

This paper proposes a standard for evaluation of possible solutions to communal conflicts, including partition, based on protection of human life. A partition should be judged successful only if it costs fewer lives than the expected loss of life under any alternative. Solutions to communal conflicts should also be stable over long periods, eliminating or drastically reducing fears of people in the affected communities that they could become victims of renewed violence. An assessment of the 1974 partition of Cyprus is presented, which finds that its net impact on human life remains uncertain—principally because the partition occurred so quickly after the July 1974 coup by Greek Cypriot ultra-nationalists that was the main source of fear of very large-scale ethnic cleansing that we cannot know what the new government might have done. What we can confidently say is that, absent partition, deadly communal violence in Cyprus would have continued to recur and that there are grounds, including the behavior of the July coup regime, for guessing that the ultimate cost would more likely have been higher rather than lower than that of partition. Partition has also enforced peace on Cyprus for 32 years, which may have contributed to the improved climate, compared with 30 or 10 years ago, for eventual reunification.
Contributions to marketing theory and practice from Industrial Marketing Management

Abstract During its first twenty-four years of publication, Industrial Marketing Management has been at the forefront of development of marketing thought applied to industrial, high-tech, and business-to-business market environments. Over 900 articles have appeared concerned with topics such as: marketing strategy and planning, marketing management, industrial buyer behavior, sales and sales management, marketing research, product development, pricing and others. As its name implies, over thirty percent of Industrial Marketing Management's articles have focused on the management of marketing and sales functions. This article presents highlights of outstanding articles from IMM's past arranged by major topical area: marketing management, market segmentation, strategic marketing planning, selling and sales management, purchasing and industrial buying behavior, global and international industrial, researching industrial markets, innovation and new product development, distribution, pricing, and promotions and advertising.
Between Ethnic and English Names: Name Choice for Transnational Chinese Students in a US Academic Community.

This article explores how transnational Chinese students negotiate identity options through name choice while studying in the US. Name choice can discursively index membership in various communities. Drawing on theories of heteroglossia (Bakhtin, 1981) and community of practices (Lave and Wenger, 1991), this study examines how name choice becomes a site of identity negotiation for transnational Chinese students who received their English names from ESL classes in China. Using a qualitative approach, the analysis illustrates divergent patterns in name choice among a group of transnational Chinese students within one academic community, and demonstrates how membership in the community intersects with notions of cosmopolitanism to affect their name choice. The findings shed light on the pedagogical practice of assigning English names in ESL classrooms. They also call for future research to study the complex links between Chinese students’ histories of engagement in such practices and their identity negotiation processes when overseas.
Structure, mechanism and regulation of the clathrin-coated vesicle and yeast vacuolar H(+)-ATPases

The vacuolar H(+)-ATPases (or V-ATPases) are a family of ATP-dependent proton pumps that carry out acidification of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. This review is focused on our work on the V-ATPases of clathrin-coated vesicles and yeast vacuoles. The coated-vesicle V-ATPase undergoes trafficking to endosomes and synaptic vesicles, where it functions in receptor recycling and neurotransmitter uptake, respectively. The yeast V-ATPase functions to acidify the central vacuole and is necessary both for protein degradation and for coupled transport processes across the vacuolar membrane. The V-ATPases are multisubunit complexes composed of two functional domains. The V(1) domain is a 570 kDa peripheral complex composed of eight subunits of molecular mass 73-14 kDa (subunits A-H) that is responsible for ATP hydrolysis. The V(o) domain is a 260 kDa integral complex composed of five subunits of molecular mass 100-17 kDa (subunits a, d, c, c' and c") that is responsible for proton translocation. To explore the function of individual subunits in the V-ATPase complex as well as to identify residues important in proton transport and ATP hydrolysis, we have employed a combination of chemical modification, site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro reassembly. A central question concerns the mechanism by which vacuolar acidification is controlled in eukaryotic cells. We have proposed that disulfide bond formation between conserved cysteine residues at the catalytic site of the V-ATPase plays an important role in regulating V-ATPase activity in vivo. Other regulatory mechanisms that are discussed include reversible dissociation and reassembly of the V-ATPase complex, changes in the tightness of coupling between proton transport and ATP hydrolysis, differential targeting of V-ATPases within the cell and control of the Cl(-) conductance that is necessary for vacuolar acidification.
Notas sobre Simulacro

O canal de televisaIƒo franceI‚s FR3 lancI§ou em 1993 um programa criado e realizado por AgneI€s Varda intitulado Une minute pour image (Um minuto por imagem). Como anunciava o tiItulo, tratava-se de um minuto de transmissaIƒo de uma imagem com um comentaIrio em off. Os autores dos comentaIrios provinham dos mais diversos horizontes, desde fotoIgrafos ateI escritores como EugeI€ne Ionesco ou Marguerite Duras, passando por personalidades poliIticas como Daniel Cohn-Bendit ou criIticos de arte como Pierre Schneider, e tambeIm de pessoas que poderiIamos chamar de “gente do povo”, padeiros, motoristas de taIxi, empregados de pizzaria, homens de negoIcios.
What is Optimal Fluid Management of the Obese Surgical Patient

Optimal fluid replacement is critical to both the short- and long-term outcomes of surgical patients. Perioperative replacement of both insensible fluid loss and blood loss, in addition to maintenance fluid replacement is critical to both the short- and long-term outcomes of surgical patients. However, the type of fluid replacement (colloid versus crystalloid) and the amount of fluid given has been debated and continues to remain controversial. In addition, controversy exists regarding the optimal fluid replacement for bariatric surgical patients. Both aggressive and restricted fluid replacement strategies have been advocated, although the evidence supporting or refuting either approach has been sparse. This chapter reviews the evidence surrounding the controversy of optimal fluid replacement strategies.
Management Zones Soil Sampling: A Better Alternative to Grid and Soil Type Sampling?

Global positioning systems (GPS), yield monitors, various forms of remote sensing, new computer software, and variable rate technology are new tools available to producers. Intensive soil sampling and crop scouting methods that directly relate each sample or measurement with their geographical coordinates complement the new technological package. Soil testing is a diagnostic tool that adapts well to site-specific management because it can assess nutrient availability of different areas within a field. Intensive sampling, soil test mapping, and variablerate application of fertilizers or manure can improve the efficacy of nutrient management compared with the conventional practice of applying a uniform rate across a field. However, the spatial variation of nutrients within fields makes soil sampling one of the most important sources of error in soil testing, and may also be a limiting factor for optimal use of these new technologies. Traditional soil sampling recommendations are changing to adapt to the new precision agriculture technologies. This presentation discusses soil sampling methodology and summarizes results of Iowa research conducted in assorted producers' fields. This research complements other research (not discussed here) studying the effectiveness of variable-rate fertilization.
Variations in Time of Development of the Honey Bee

Studies made at the Wisconsin Experiment Station in 1924-1925 show variations, partly correlated to temperature, in the period from egg laying to capping of worker brood cells from less than 8 days to more than 11 days, majority being capped between the 8th and 9th days. Variations for complete development ranged from less than 19 7/8 days to more than 24 days. One set of experiments showed approximately 75 per cent of 4094 workers completing their development in less than 21¼ days. In another more definitely controlled set of 2602 individuals, 94 per cent emerged in less than 21 days with an average developmental period of approximately 20½ days.
Critical Moments — Doctors and Patients

The pale, thin, anxious 9-year-old boy is in pain, stoic, and not very verbal. Gradually, as he nods in answer to probing questions, the physician realizes that this is one of those critical moments: the boy in front of her is seriously ill; a hard journey is beginning.
Institutions and Industrial Governance in India: Learning to Cooperate the Japanese Way

Development theorists and practitioners recognize the importance of durable and adaptable institutions for economic and social transformation. The decline of the Euro-centric modernization models and the collapse of the centrally planned ‘socialist’ bloc draws our attention to Japan, a nation that has successfully combined the market system with indicative planning. This study examines Japanese social institutions underlying economic governance and their applicability to developing countries, such as India. The discussion centers around the social basis of cooperation between the state, capital, and labor and the challenges encountered in industrial governance in India. I provide evidence of Japanese-induced cooperation in a Japanese auto joint-venture in India. Cooperation fosters group participation in a structured environment, creating job satisfaction and social solidarity. It also provides the basis for self-regulating capitalism and pre-empting India's inegalitarian consequences of high growth. This advances, even if modestly, institutional ‘solutions’ to some of India's endemic industrial governance problems. The study also re-affirms the importance of non-market institutions such as the state and non-state institutions such as social networks at a time when they are being hastily marginalized by economistic neo-liberal policies. Reinventing institutions of cooperation and constructing social networks for industrial governance remains the most promising avenue for Indian development.
A micro-radiochemical assay forα-1,4-glucosidase

An assay system for α-l,4-glucosidase (acid maltase) which is deficient in glycogen storage disease Type 2 (Pompe's disease) has been developed. The assay, which represents an improvement in sensitivity of at least 100-fold over the more conventional colorimetric methods is used to measure the enzyme activity in peripheral blood leucocytes, cultured amniotic cells and skin fibroblasts, has a total volume of 8 μl and uses (U- 14 C) maltose as the substrate, The product (U- 14 C) glucose is separated from the substrate by cellulose thin layer chromatography. The procedure allows the assay of acid maltase in cell extracts equivalent to about 2000–5000 cultured cells or 0.5-1.0 × 10 5 leucocytes isolated from 400 μl of whole blood. The assay has been used to measure the enzyme activity in fibroblasts and leucocytes derived from normal subjects, an affected patient and to assess the genotype of two foetuses suspected of being affected by Pompe's disease.
A Study on Security for China's Petroleum

The amount of imported oil is moving upward continuously while the international price of oil changes greatly.The international price of oil had been increased in recent years.Ensuring the security of oil supply in China is very important,so the strategy for the safety of oil with Chinese characteristics should be established,including several aspects as following: Improving the using efficiency of oil;realizing the pluralism of energy resources;rearranging the policy of transportation;establishing the oil stock market to elude the risk of international price of oil;and strengthening the collaboration of Asia in the realm of oil.
The synthesis of acetoin in yeasts upon change from anaerobic to aerobic and addition of NH4

In Anaerobiose erfolgt durch Hefe praktisch keine Acetoinsynthese. Nach Umschalten auf Aerobiose steigt dagegen die Acetoinbildung sehr schnell an, durchschreitet ein Maximum und fallt dann langsamer ab auf eine gleichbleibenden Konzentration, die etwa doppelt so gros ist wie bei Beginn der Aerobiose, Der schnelle Anstieg mit folgendem Abfall und Einstellung auf eine hohere Konzentration als vor dem Anstieg erweist das Vorliegen eines Ruckkoppelungsmechanismus. Die Frage nach der ruckkoppelnden Substanz wird diskutiert.
The Warren Court: A Retrospective

A judge-made revolution? This seeming oxymoron is exactly what the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren achieved. This book is the first retrospective on the Warren Court-a detailed analysis of the Court's accomplishments by well-known judges, professors, lawyers, and popular writers such as Anthony Lewis, David Halberstam, and David J. Garrow. The book is divided into three parts: Part One looks at the Warren Court's decisions in different fields (equal protection, freedom of speech, press, criminal law, etc.); Part Two, The Justices, is an intimate look at the principal protagonists in the Court's operation; and Part Three, A Broader Perspective, looks at the Court from a historical perspective, its impact on the legal profession and jurisprudence, its international impact, and its legacy, as well as a rare personal reminiscence by Justice William J. Brennan. The papers are both readable and informative, and they provide an invaluable compendium for anyone interested in the Court that did so much to change America.
Catharsis, Music, and the Mysteries in Aristotle

Of the many meanings of katharsis available to Aristotle, two have predominated in scholarly attempts to say what the word means in the Poetics when “the katharsis of pity and fear produced by pity and fear” is defined as the aim of tragedy. The past thirty years have seen a concerted effort among scholars of the Poetics to overturn Jacob Bernays’ appeal to Aristotle’s use of katharsis in his Politics (1342a10-11) with its medical meaning of ‘purgation’ as the basis of his theory that tragedy provides a harmless ‘outlet’ for emotions; against this, Plato’s notion of intellectual ‘purification’ as a kind of katharsis has been invoked to argue that the workings of the tragic art were fundamentally cognitive and resulted in the ethical ‘clarification’ of the audience. The present essay proposes that Aristotle’s theory of tragedy was deeply informed by another meaning of the word in his day: the ecstatic release provided by certain mystery cults. After underlining Aristotle’s familiarity with such rituals, it draws on Walter Burkert’s Ancient Mystery Cults to bring out suggestive commonalities between mystery initiations and theatre. The ‘telestic’ ‘initiations’ (τέλη) aimed not at the afterlife but at alleviating fears and anxieties of initiates; both their secret nocturnal ceremonies and public choral processions were dramatic and highly theatrical, with an essential role played by ecstasy-inducing ‘sacred tunes’. In order to discern the relevance of telestic katharsis to the Poetics it is necessary not to focus solely on the definition of tragedy in chapter 6 but to appreciate the anthropological approach to the poetic arts in chapter 4. This context supplies, if not a fully worked out model of tragic katharsis, a broad-based explanation of how human beings might respond to imitations of terrible things with pleasure and profit.
Breit-Pauli electron-impact excitation collision strengths for transitions in O III

Collision strengths for electron impact excitation of fine-structure transitions between the first 202 fine-structure levels of O III have been calculated using the Breit-Pauli B-spline R-matrix method. The close-coupling expansion includes levels of the 2s22p2, 2s2p3, 2s22p33l (l=0-2), 2s22p34l (l=0-2) and 2s2p23l configurations. The present results considerably improve the existing oscillator strengths and collision strengths for O III.
Salt Foraging of Stingless Bees at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica

Nutrients are essential to the growth and reproduction of all organisms. As such, the distribution, health, and behavior of organisms are often dictated by the availability of nutrients. In the tro...
Social Entrepreneurship Typologies and Tourism: Conceptual Frameworks

The chapter examines the ways that social entrepreneurs (SE) and Socially-Entrepreneurial Organizations (SEO) have been categorized. SEs have been categorized in terms of their personal traits and character, their organizational context, their work/leadership style, their motivations and the types of activities they undertake. SEOs have been categorized by the way they balance their social mission with revenue generation, the types of social benefits they provide, funding, and their use of tangible and intangible assets. Each of these typologies can be effectively applied to tourism. While, the terms SE and SEO are relatively new to tourism, they are closely linked to established fields of tourism study. Ecotourism, pro-poor tourism, and community based tourism are all areas of tourism that rely heavily on the work of SEs and SEOs. The new focus on SEs and SEOs provides new perspectives for the study of tourism. The chapter concludes by suggesting a number of typologies for tourism-related SE and SEO studies.
An Unusual Case of Acquired Alexia without Agraphia Caused by Perioperative Stroke (P4.368)

Objective: We aim to describe an unusual case of alexia without agraphia with a review of perioperative stroke literature. Background: Alexia without agraphia is a disconnection syndrome between the visual cortices and the dominant perisylvian language area. The lesion typically involves the dominant occipital lobe, the splenium of the corpus callosum, and the dominant fusiform gyrus which decodes the written message. In-hospital strokes account for 4[percnt] to 17[percnt] of all acute strokes, and compared to community-onset strokes, they have significantly longer wait times from symptom onset to recognition, neuroimaging, and thrombolysis, and have an overall lower rate of receiving thrombolysis. Perioperative strokes account for a significant proportion of these in-hospital events. Methods: This is a case report and review of literature. The literature search includes epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment options for perioperative stroke. Results: We present a case of alexia without agraphia without the typical hemianopia and caused by an infarct sparing the corpus callosum. The stroke was attributed to a perioperative cerebral ischemic event, most likely from endovascular irritation of his atherosclerotic aortic arch during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Rather than one lesion in one vascular territory, this patient experienced bilateral embolic events each causing small infarcts and the disconnection syndrome. Stroke of any kind is a feared complication of surgical or interventional procedures. Fortunately they are rare, occurring in <1[percnt] to about 10[percnt] of peri-surgical patients, including 0.6[percnt] of PCI in acute coronary syndrome. Conclusions: Though rare, perioperative strokes occur and are often unidentified. Proceduralists and anesthesiologists should not delay emergent neurological assessment for fear of treatment futility. Though many postoperative patients are not candidates for intravenous thrombolysis, endovascular catheter-based interventions can be considered. Disclosure: Dr. Sener has nothing to disclose. Dr. Siegel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Eidelman has nothing to disclose.
Additive prognostic impact of elevated De Ritis ratio and renal score in predication of survival outcomes in localized renal cell carcinoma.

532Background: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is a metabolically driven neoplasm. Inflammatory markers and morphometric measures have been suggested to be predictive for prognosis. We investigated the impact of a novel combination of preoperative tumor morphology (RENAL score) and a laboratory based inflammatory marker (DeRitis Ratio, AST/ALT) on survival outcomes in localized RCC. Methods: Single center, retrospective analysis of 264 patients with RCC (112 PN, 152 RN, mean follow-up 45 months) from 2003−2015. A priori, we assigned a positive marker score of “1” if RENAL >8 or DeRitis >1.5. Patients were stratified by increasing positive markers (“0”=RENAL ≤8 and DeRitis ≤1.5, “1”=RENAL >8 or DeRitis >1.5, “2”=RENAL >8 and DeRitis>1.5). Primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Cox models and Kaplan−Meier curves were utilized. Results: 264 patients, 61.7% male, mean age 64.5 ± 12.8 years, mean BMI 28.5 ± 5.6, mean AST/ALT 1.1 ± 0.4. With regards to tumor characteristics, mean clinical tumor size 4.7 ± 3.2cm ...
Intramolecular dynamics of single molecules in free diffusion

Biomolecular systems such as multiprotein complexes or biopolymers can span several tens to several hundreds of nanometers, but the dynamics of such mesocale molecules remain challenging to probe. We have developed a single-molecule technique that uses Tracking Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (tFCS) to measure the conformation and dynamics of molecular assemblies specifically at the mesoscale level (100-1000 nm). tFCS is non-perturbative, as molecules, which are tracked in real-time, are untethered and freely diffusing. To achieve sub-diffraction spatial resolution, we use a feedback scheme which allows us to maintain the molecule at an optimal position within the laser intensity gradient. We find that tFCS is sufficiently sensitive to measure the distance fluctuations between two sites within a DNA molecule separated by distances as short as 1000 bp. We demonstrate that tFCS detects changes in the compaction of reconstituted chromatin, and can assay transient protein mediated interactions between distant sites in an individual DNA molecule. Our measurements highlight the impact that tFCS can have in the study of a wide variety of biochemical processes involving mesoscale conformational dynamics.
Introduction: Principles and Tools of Mathematical Modeling

This chapter provides a brief overview of the goals, general principles, and specific tools of mathematical modeling, specifically for economic and environmental systems. Section 1.1 analyzes the role and structure of the modeling process in scientific research and decision-making practice. Section 1.2 explores and compares different types of mathematical models (deterministic and stochastic, continuous and discrete, linear and nonlinear). Section 1.3 outlines selected concepts and results of calculus and the theory of differential and integral equations used in this textbook.
A power law function describes the time- and dose-dependency of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation by phosphoantigens.

Abstract Phosphoantigens stimulate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells after binding to BTN3A1 in target cells and cell–cell contact. We evaluated phosphoantigens including diphosphates, bisphosphonates, and prodrugs for ability to induce leukemia cells to stimulate Vγ9Vδ2 T cell interferon-γ secretion. Most compounds displayed time-dependent activity at exposure times between 15 and 240 min. Potency (EC50 values) ranged between 8.4 nM and >100 µM. The diphosphate C-HMBPP displayed a shallow dose–response slope (Hill slope = 0.71), while the bisphosphonate slopes were steep (Hill slopes > 2), and the prodrugs intermediate. The bis-acyloxyalkyl POM2-C-HMBP showed low nanomolar potency even at an exposure time of 1 min. Mixed aryl-POM prodrugs also retained excellent potency at 15 min, while aryl-amidates were time dependent below 240 min. The sum of the dose and time logarithms is often constant, while a power law function fits most compounds. Collectively, these findings illustrate the exquisite activity of prodrugs relative to diphosphates and bisphosphonates.
Abstract TMP68: Expanding a Learning Collaborative Model in Chicago to Improve Door to Needle for Stroke Thrombolysis: Raising the Bar

Background: There remains significant opportunities to reduce door-to-needle (DTN) times for stroke despite regional and national efforts. In Chicago, Quality Enhancement for the Speedy Thrombolysi...
Investigating microstructure and defects evolution in laser deposited single-walled Ti6Al4V structures with sharp and non-sharp features

Abstract The laser directed energy deposition (laser-DED) Additive Manufacturing (AM) has unique capability of being able to deposit functional geometries on existing components. Many times the required geometries contain sharp features such as abrupt turns. During deposition such features introduces heterogeneity in the build-part and adversely the structural integrity of the part. The slower deposition speeds due to the deceleration and acceleration of the motion controller around sharp features in a geometry leads to defects such as variable wall thickness, porosity, lack of fusion, and cracks. In many cases, the functional geometries are single-walled and there is not enough material volume to machine the deposited material. Such cases pose a unique challenge to the laser-DED techniques capabilities. In this work, single walled cubical Ti6Al4V structure with sharp and rounded corners were fabricated using laser Directed Energy Deposition (DED). Cross sectional and build plane coupons were extracted from each sample for microstructure and defect analysis. Results show that inclusion of small rounded corners (radii of 0.5 and1.0 mm) leads to consistent deposition speeds. Defect density measurements, using optical microscope, showed reduction of defects from 6.8 ± 0.35 % to a virtually defect-free structure for samples with the rounded corners. The results also indicated that consistent deposition speed around rounded corners improved homogeneity in the resulting microstructure as compared to the geometry with sharp corners when processed under identical parameters.
Single-administration, thermostable human papillomavirus vaccines prepared with atomic layer deposition technology.

Cold-chain requirements affect worldwide distribution of many vaccines. In addition, vaccines requiring multiple doses impose logistical and financial burdens, as well as patient compliance barriers. To address such limitations, we have developed new technologies to prepare thermostable, single-shot, prime-boost microparticle vaccines. Antigen/adjuvant formulations containing glass-forming polymers and trehalose first are spray-dried to form glassy microparticles that confer thermostability. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactions conducted in fluidized beds are then used to coat the microparticles with defined numbers of molecular layers of alumina that modulate the timed release of the internalized antigen and act as adjuvants. We have used a model HPV16 L1 capsomere antigen to evaluate the properties of these technologies. Thermostabilized powders containing HPV16 L1 capsomeres were prepared by spray-drying, coated by ALD with up to 500 molecular layers of alumina, and injected into mice. Antigen distribution was assessed by live-animal IR dye tracking of injected labeled antigen. Antibody responses were measured weekly by ELISA, and neutralizing antibodies were measured by pseudovirus neutralization assays at selected time points. Thermostability was evaluated by measuring antibody responses after incubating ALD-coated antigen powders for one month at 50 °C. Single doses of the ALD-coated vaccine formulations elicited a prime-boost immune response, and produced neutralizing responses and antibody titers that were equivalent or superior to conventional prime-boost doses of liquid formulations. Antibody titers were unaffected by month-long incubation of the formulations at 50 °C. Single-dose, thermostable antigen preparations may overcome current limitations in HPV vaccine delivery as well as being widely applicable to other antigens.
Examining the impact of climate change film as an educational tool

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of film in communicating issues related to climate change. While previous studies demonstrate an immediate effect of a film post-screening, th...
An evaluation of instrument types for mass spectrometry-based multi-attribute analysis of biotherapeutics

Multi-attribute methods (MAM), based on proteolytic digestion followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of proteolytic peptides, have gained substantial attention in the biopharmaceutical industry for quantifying a variety of quality attributes for therapeutic proteins. Most MAM developed so far have been based on high-resolution mass spectrometers, due to their superb resolving power to distinguish analyte signals from interferences. Lower-resolution instruments, if demonstrated suitable, may further promote the adoption of the technology due to their low cost, small footprint, and ease of use. In this work, we compared the performance of a high-resolution instrument with a few low-resolution quadrupole-type instruments in quantifying a diverse set of quality attributes in a monoclonal antibody product. Different modes of operation for the quadrupole instruments, including scan mode, selected-ion monitoring and multiple-reaction monitoring, were evaluated. The high-resolution instrument has superb performance, with a quantitation limit of 0.002%. Single-quadrupole instruments in scan mode, on the other hand, provide a quantitation limit of about 1%, which may be fit-for-purpose for many routine MAM applications.
The ThreadBoard: Designing an E-Textile Rapid Prototyping Board

E-textiles, which embed circuitry into textile fabrics, blend art and creative expression with engineering, making it a popular choice for STEAM classrooms [6, 12]. Currently, e-textile development relies on tools intended for traditional embedded systems, which utilize printed circuit boards and insulated wires. These tools do not translate well to e-textiles, which utilize fabric and uninsulated conductive thread. This mismatch of tools and materials can lead to an overly complicated development process for novices. In particular, rapid prototyping tools for traditional embedded systems are poorly matched for e-textile prototyping. This paper presents the ThreadBoard, a tool that supports rapid prototyping of e-textile circuits. With rapid prototyping, students can test circuit designs and identify circuitry errors prior to their sewn project. We present the design process used to iteratively create the ThreadBoard’s layout, with the goal of improving its usability for e-textile creators.
SU-E-J-268: Change of CT Number During the Course of Chemoradiation Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer

Purpose: It has been observed radiation can induce changes in CT number (CTN) inside tumor during the course of radiation therapy (RT) for several tumor sites including lung and head and neck, suggesting that the CTN change may be potentially used to assess RT response. In this study, we investigate the CTN changes inside tumor during the course of chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for pancreatic cancer. Methods: Daily diagnostic-quality CT data acquired during IGRT for 17 pancreatic head cancer patients using an in-room CT (CTVision, Siemens) were analyzed. All patients were treated with a radiation dose of 50.4 in 1.8 Gy per fraction. On each daily CT set, The contour of the pancreatic head, included in the treatment target, was generated by populating the pancreatic head contour from the planning CT or MRI using an auto-segmentation tool based on deformable registration (ABAS, Elekta) with manual editing if necessary. The CTN at each voxel in the pancreatic head contour was extracted and the 3D distribution of the CTNs was processed using MATLAB. The mean value of CTN distribution was used to quantify the daily CTN change in the pancreatic head. Results: Reduction of CTN in pancreatic head was observed during the CRT delivery in 14 out the 17 (82%) patients studied. Although the average reduction is only 3.5 Houncefield Unit (HU), this change is significant (p<0.01). Among them, there are 7 patients who had a CTN drop larger than 5 HU, ranging from 6.0 to 11.8 HU. In contrast to this trend, CTN was increased in 3 patients. Conclusion: Measurable changes in the CT number in tumor target were observed during the course of chemoradiation therapy for the pancreas cancer patients, indicating this radiation-induced CTN change may be used to assess treatment response.
Software Component Retrieval by Composition Using Semantic Properties

Retrieving software components by composition helps the user build a new component by reusing the existing components even when there is no single component in the component reuse library that meets the user's requirements. However, the number of possible compositions tends to be extremely large. In this article we present a method of retrieval-by-composition in which the user provides a composition structure for the desired component and the retrieval system retrieves all possible compositions of components that fit into that composition structure. In our method, a set of simple semantic properties including demand, transmission, and length properties about the desired component is used to reduce the number of possible compositions. The semantic properties of internal composing components are automatically inferred based on the semantic property of the desired component and the composition structure. We implement a prototype semantic property-based retrieval by composition system in which the user can visually construct composition structures.
Objectivity in Physical Education as Applied to Mental Patients

(1938). Objectivity in Physical Education as Applied to Mental Patients. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 9, No. 10, pp. 597-642.
GRANTSMANSHIP AND CONSULTING POLICY: DISCUSSION

What I am most disturbed about in Dr. Knutson’s paper is not just his willingness to oversimplify a very complex problem of how to secure funding for the mission of the university -but he fails to take into account that his approach demeans many different kinds of contributions faculty make at different periods in their careers and at different stages in the life of a department or college. He fails to take into account the consequences of his suggestions for furthering the mission of the university. A brief overview of my concerns are:
Structuring techniques : an introduction using Turbo C++

Written to provide an introduction to both structured programming and object-oriented programming using the C++ language and the Turbo C++ compiler, this text starts from the beginning, assuming no previous knowledge of C, or any other programming language. It covers topics such as: getting acquainted with computers, programs and Turbo C++; writing simple C++ programs; multidimensional arrays, pointers, and structures; and an introduction to object-oriented programming.
Should theology take evolutionary ethics seriously? A conversation with Hannah Arendt and Maxine Sheets-Johnstone

In this essay I attempt to bridge the gap between evolutionary and theological meta-narratives by making a proposal for a bottom-up, contextual form of evolutionary ethics, and then speciﬁcally ask how this might apply to the evolution of morality, to ethical judgments, and the status of ethical judgments and moral codes in theology. Most importantly, this will imply a christian ethics, and a notion of morality that proceed not from a consideration of rules, duties, rights, moral judgments, moral status, but proceeds rather, from the examination of the fundamental evolutionary realities of human nature. This argument is developed against the background of an analysis of Maxine Sheets-Johnstone’s engagement with the work of Hannah Arendt on the notion of evil. Finally I argue that the work of evolutionary ethicists are of great importance for theologians because of their direct interest in how the evolutionary origins of human behaviour is to be explained, and in which way our behaviour has been constrained, but not determined, by biological factors. Evolution by natural selection can explain our tendency to think in normative terms, i.e., our innate sense of moral awareness. However, evolutionary explanations of this moral awareness cannot explain our moral judgments, nor justify the truth claims of any of our moral judgments. Why and how we make moral judgments can only be explained on the level of cultural evolution, and by taking into account the historical embeddedness of our moral codes in religious and political conventions. For Christian Theology the choice will not be between a moral vision that is inherent in revelation and is, therefore, ‘received’ and not invented or constructed. Instead, on a post-Foundational view our moral codes and ethical convictions of what is ‘received’ is itself an interpretative enterprise, shaped experientially through our embeddedness in communities and cultures.
Gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase from bovine lens. II. Cysteine analogue studies.

Abstract Seventy-one compounds have been tested for their ability to couple with l -glutamic acid to form a γ-glutamyl peptide bond through the action of a purified preparation of γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase from bovine lens. The most active amino acids in the system were l -cysteine, l -α-aminobutyrate, and their esters, β-chloro- l -alanine, S -methyl- l -cysteine, l -cycloserine, l -norvaline, allothreonine, allylglycine, β-aminoisobutyrate, and l -homocysteine. The specificity pattern displayed by the enzyme allowed certain conclusions to be drawn concerning its requirements for the cysteine moiety. Several of the isolated enzymic products were hydrolyzed, and formed glutamic acid and the original cysteine analogue. The values for the apparent K m and maximal velocity were determined for many of the reactions.
Patología cardiovascular en pacientes con infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana

Resumen es: La infeccion por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) estuvo asociada a un incremento de la morbimortalidad, dado que inducia un estado de inmunosu...
A floating gate single electron memory device with Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ tunnel barriers

The emerging research devices section of the 2003 edition of the semiconductor industry roadmap (ITRS 2003) lists single electron memories as one possible family of devices with the potential to continue the historical scaling trends in the density and performance of semiconductor memories. Furthermore, the ITRS 2003 roadmap calls attention to the introduction of high K gate dielectrics in DRAM's and their future integration into flash memory process. In light of this, a study of the behavior of single electron memory devices utilizing high K dielectrics is essential to clearly understand the potential of these devices in extending the roadmap. In the aluminum tunnel junction based single electron memory cell (K.K. Yadavalli et al., J. Vac. Sci. B vol. 21, 2860, 2003), the memory node is an aluminum floating gate closely coupled with the single electron transistor used as a readout device. We have developed a process for the fabrication of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ tunnel junctions with precise physical and electrical properties using plasma oxidation of aluminum.
Effects of different types of conditioning on rates of leaf-litter shredding by Xiphocaris elongata, a Neotropical freshwater shrimp.

Temperate headwater streams with closed canopies rely on inputs of terrestrially derived organic matter to provide the major energy basis for their food webs. Microbial colonization, or conditioning, makes leaf litter more nutritional and palatable to stream detritivores, but few studies have investigated the relative importance of litter source to macroshredders in tropical streams. We determined the source (terrestrial, aquatic, or aerial), quantity, and species composition of allochthonous inputs into the Quebrada Prieta, a tropical headwater stream in Puerto Rico, as a first step toward understanding the importance of conditioning history to rates of tropical leaf-litter processing by decapod consumers. Fresh leaves of 4 common species of leaves were treated by exposing them to different conditions for 2 wk. These exposure treatments (conditioning histories) represented routes by which leaves might enter streams and included submersion (aquatic input), incubation on the streambank soil (terrestrial input), and suspension above the ground (aerial input). Conditioned leaves were placed in small experimental microcosms with or without shrimp (Xiphocaris elongata) for 20 d. Shrimp significantly increased the rate of decomposition of all leaf species independent of conditioning history. Conditioning history had little effect on breakdown rates independent of the presence of shrimp. One species (Rourea surinamensis) had faster mass loss when the leaves were conditioned as aquatic inputs rather than as terrestrial or aerial inputs. Our results indicate that conditioning history has little effect on the ability of some macroconsumers to alter detrital foodweb dynamics in tropical streams. Tropical stream ecosystems may function differently from temperate ecosystems because of the dominance of large detritivores such as shrimps.