cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A short proof of the Dennis-Schnabel theorem

It is shown on the basis of simple orthogonality relations that all least change secant updates under additional linear constraints can be represented as projected rank one or rank two corrections.
Exact Solution for the Diffusion of a Particle in a Medium with Site Diagonal and Off-Diagonal Dynamic Disorder

Exact solutions for the motion of a particle in a medium with site diagonal and nearest-neighbor off-diagonal dynamic disorder are presented for the first time. Results obtained for the diffusion constant are of relevance to different areas of current interest, such as charge or exciton motion in molecular solids, and motion of light adsorbates on substrates with weak surface potentials.
VISIBLE SPECTRA OF DICARBONYL SUBSTITUTED TRIS-BIPYRIDYL RUTHENIUM (II) COMPLEXES

The solvent dependence of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer band pattern of tris-bipyridyl ruthenium(II) derivatives with carbonyl substituents is attributed to a reduction in the energy required for electron transfer to the dicarbonylated bipyridyl ligand with an increase in solvent polarity.
Design of a snake-like manipulator

Over the past decade, investigations have been made into issues which are specific to the design and control of highly-flexible manipulators - arias which are composed of a large number of small, rigid links. Of particular importance to these researchers is the means of joint actuation, since most manipulators in this category are too small to have drive motors placed directly at the joints. This paper also deals with joint actuation, but attacks the problem in a unique fashion. The result is a manipulator in which all of the joints are driven by a single prime mover and whose snake-like motion ensures obstacle avoidance.
Integrating stereopsis with monocular interpretations of planar surfaces

Experiments are reported that involved spatial judgments of planar surfaces that had contradictory stereo and monocular information. Tasks included comparing the relative depths of two points on the depicted surface and judging the surface's apparent spatial orientation. It was found that for planar surfaces the 3D perception was dominated by the monocular interpretation, despite the strongly contradictory stereo information. We propose that stereo information is effectively integrated only where the surface exhibits curvature features or edge discontinuities, i.e. where the second spatial derivatives of disparity are nonzero. Planar surfaces induce constant gradients of disparity and are thus effectively featureless to stereopsis. Further observations are reported regarding nonplanar surfaces, where contradictory monocular information can still be effectively rivalrous with that suggested stereoscopically.
The effects of response prevention via operandum removal in the S- of a tonal discrimination

Pigeons were trained with or without responses permitted in the S-of an intradimensional tonal frequency discrimination. Subsequent generalization tests yielded steep gradients only for those Ss that responded during S-. Area shift also occurred for these Ss.
DARWIN AND THE OTHER CHRISTIAN TRADITION

Abstract. Augustine, and following him some major theologians of the early Christian church, noted the apparent discrepancies between the first two chapters of Genesis and suggested an interpretation for these chapters significantly different from the literal. After examining a selection of the relevant texts, we shall follow the later fortunes of this interpretation in brief outline, figuring in particular an unlikely trio: Suarez, St. George Mivart, and Thomas Henry Huxley. Moral: Darwinian theory might plausibly be construed as implementing, unawares, a suggestion from that other Christian tradition.
Post-Newtonian Gravitational Effects in Lunar Laser Ranging

The dominant-range perturbations of the lunar orbit are calculated in relativistic gravitational theory, the results being applicable to all metric theories of gravity (a class of theories which includes general relativity). By searching for the various effects calculated in this paper using lunar laser ranging, the several parametrized post-Newtonian coefficients of the metrical gravitational field can be determined, thus pointing toward specific relativistic, post-Newtonian theories of gravity and empirically ruling out other theories.
Unnecessary Pacemaker Care Coordination Problems and Language Barriers

The patient’s description of his medical history was consistent with the assessment of the admitting team and cardiology. We discussed the medications he was taking, and he told us that he was taking Lopressor, 100 mg orally, twice a day for the past 3 to 4 years, which was well tolerated with no adverse effects (none of the presenting symptoms). He also said that he was taking Metoprolol, 100 mg orally, twice per day for 3 weeks, which was prescribed at another facility after the patient was treated for atypical chest pain. When asked why he was taking 2 similar medications, he replied that the physicians told him to take them, and he wanted to comply with what the physicians said. We wondered how this could have happened. The patient was not a native English speaker, and we spoke with him in his native language. We asked to see all the prescription bottles and confirmed that the patient was taking these medications. We immediately informed cardiology, and the preparations to insert a permanent pacemaker were stopped. We informed the patient of the medication mistake and provided our deepest apologies. The patient was not angry and, in fact, he was thankful that we were honest and open in telling him about the mistake. Language barriers contributed to the miscommunication with this patient. As physicians, we use information from conversations with the patient and family and combine it with evidence to come to a diagnosis and plan of care. Language barriers create situations with a higher risk of errors, both undertreatment and overtreatment. Removing language barriers and speaking with patients in their own language can help patients receive the care they need and, equally importantly, not receive the treatments they do not need.
Missing Data in Evaluation Research

Although research conducted in applied settings is frequently hindered by missing data, there is surprisingly little practical advice concerning effective methods for dealing with the problem. The purpose of this article is to describe several alternative methodsfor dealing with incomplete multivariate data and to examine the effectiveness of these methods. It is concluded that pairwise deletion and listwise deletion are among the least effective methods in terms of approximating the results that would have been obtained had the data been complete, whereas replacing missing values with estimates based on correlationalprocedures generally produces the most accurate results. In addition, some descriptive statistical procedures are recommended that permit researchers to investigate the causes and consequences of incomplete data more fully.
Assessing the Need for a New Medical School: A Case Study in Applied Demography

This case study illustrates how applied demographers operate in a politically charged context of competing interests—here, justifying the decision to locate a new public medical school in one medically underserved region rather than another. We show how to use demographic and other data to gauge the magnitude of future demand for physicians; formulate demographic assumptions about the future to serve decisionmakers’ needs; and frame information to help improve decision making through objective analysis. We detail the steps in projecting future physicians per capita using a method based on the economic concept of physician demand rather than the social concept of need. Our method is computationally simple, intuitive, and easily understood by policymakers. Our case study offers applied demographers a practical approach to physician workforce planning and can be used as an instructional exercise for students, assigned to replicate these projections elsewhere and distill their implications.
Spontaneous Neonatal Regression of Prenatally Detected Renal Cysts in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

To our knowledge there are no reports in the literature specifically addressing the behavior of sonographically detected fetal renal cysts associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) during gestation. We report a case of prenatally detected ADPKD associated renal cysts that spontaneously regressed postnatally.
Visibility and stability of A 12-tungsten atom complex in the scanning transmission electron microscope

A complex consisting of 12 tungsten atoms has been studied in terms of signal-to-noise (S/N) and dose response in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), to evaluate its suitability for use as a approximately 1 nm resolution biological label. Molecular weight of the complex was measured as a function of radius of integration, and results were in agreement with the calculated formula weight. S/N was highest at the lowest radius of integration (0.25 nm), and decreased monotonically with increasing radius. The complex was clearly visible at a dose of 4 X 10(3) e/nm2, and exhibited negligible mass loss (approximately 8%) after an accumulated dose of 1.28 X 10(5) e/nm2. Beam-induced motion was small, 0.46 nm rms after 4 X 10(4) e/nm2. Some intensity fluctuations were observed between successive scans of the same clusters, for which a diffraction-based explanation is advanced. Upon suitable functionalization, the tungsten complex is expected to complement the undecagold cluster already in use for site-specific labeling.
A new model for barred spiral galaxies

Computer simulations are used to demonstrate that normal spiral galaxies with symmetrically warped arms can appear to have bar and bar-within-ring structures when viewed from appropriate position angles.
Molecular Dynamics and Hypernetted Chain Equation Studies of Soft Core Repulsions in Electrolyte Solutions

Abstract Effects of the repulsive soft core pair potential r−v in 1:1 electrolytes (1 molar concentration) are studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and by the hypernetted chain (HNC) integral equations. Comparisons on the electrolyte structure and dynamical properties are made between a (a) soft ion (SI) model and a (b) soft ion in solution (SIS) model of electrolyte. In the SI model, there is no solvent, whereas the SIS model has ions and neutral solvent molecules at liquid density. Inclusion of the solvent imparts liquid-like structure to the ion-ion pair correlation functions and, if v ≠ ∞, gives rise to substantial back scattering oscillations in the velocity autocorrelation functions with a consequent reduction in the particle self diffusion coefficient. Larger values of v reduce the back scattering in the velocity autocorrelation functions. The dynamical behavior of the ions in the SI model is similar to that of the primitive model electrolyte (θ = ∞) when v ≥ 9. In the SIS fluid, all the ...
A university#shcommunity collaborative model on empowerment in elementary education

School systems provide the natural point of intervention for at‐risk children, and there is a growing impetus toward collaboration between school systems and community services for youth and their families. Graduate programs in social work and education are fertile ground for not only initiating school#shcommunity collaborations but also socializing future school leaders and social workers in the new roles and skills required for successful collaboration. The authors propose a structural model for collaboration implementing the concept of empowerment and designed to build sustainable working relationships over time.
THE INFLUENCE OF HOT‐BONING AND DELAY CHILLING ON TENDERNESS OF MATURE COW CARCASSES HUNG BY THE OBTURATOR FORAMEN

Carcasses of six mature cows (4 years plus) were investigated to evaluate the effect of hot boning with delay chilling on various muscles. Both sides of the carcasses were suspended by the obturator foramen before the muscle systems were fabricated. One side of each carcass was assigned at random to be delay chilled with hot-boning (experimental treatment). This experimental side was held for 4 hours postmortem at 16°C before various muscle systems were excised and stored at 1 °C for an additional 44 h. The conventionally processed side was held at 1 °C for 48 h before fabrication into muscle systems. Meat tenderness was objectively estimated by the use of the Warner-Bratzler Shear (WB). Subjective evaluation of meat tenderness was by a trained panel. The muscles studied were the longissimus (LD), quadriceps femoris (QF), and psoas major (PM). Shear force values were statistically different (P < 0.01) for the LD and QF and (P < 0.001) for the PM muscles. The taste panel detected variations in tenderness between the two treatments and found steaks from conventional chill muscles to be significantly (P < 0.001) preferred over the delay chilled steaks. Preference and hedonic scale scores all supported findings indicated by WB that delay chill processing for 4 h postmortem with hot-boning did not provide beef of greater tenderness than conventional chill when both sides were suspended through the obturator foramen.
Changing Perceptions, Changing Conditions: The Material Rhetoric of the Red Hat Society

The Red Hat Society, an international social club for women over age fifty, offers its members a social outlet during aging. Departing from a common focus on members' emotional health, a rhetorical lens on the red and purple hats and costumes the women wear offers a new consideration of the groups' value. Particularly, the creation and donning of “regalia” by members of a Rhode Island chapter constitute instances of material rhetoric, or texts that challenge public perceptions of aging women and provide rhetorical opportunities that aging women take to change the conditions of their own and other women's lives.
Pools, riffles, and channelization

The addition of regularly spaced deeps (pools) and shallows (riffles) that provide a variety of flow conditions, areal sorting of stream-bed material, cover for wildlife, and a positive aesthetic experience, may be desirable in many channel projects. Such designs will reduce adverse environmental impacts of stream channel modifications. Analysis of variance for pool-to-pool spacing data suggests that there is no significant difference with respect to channel width between pools that form in natural streams and those in streams affected by a variety of human uses. Short of channelization, which changes the channel width, pools and riffles, within limits, are not particularly sensitive to environmental stress. Experiments in Gum Branch near Charlotte, North Carolina, support the hypothesis that channel form and process evolve in harmony and that manipulation of cross-channel morphology can influence the development of desired channel processes. Planned manipulation of its channel form induced Gum Branch to develop as desired. Morphologic stability consisting of incipient point bars, pools, and riffles was maintained over a period of high magnitude flood events, only to be degraded later by a wave of sediment derived from upstream construction and stream-bank failures. Thus, environmentally desirable channel morphology in urban streams cannot remain stable if changes in the sediment load or storm-water runoff exceed the limits of the stream's ability to make internal adjustments while maintaining morphologic stability.
A THEORY OF NEW PARTICLES

A tentative scheme is developed to formulate the behavior of the new unstable particles. This scheme is a straightforward generalization of the usual charge-independent meson theory. The selection rules for isotopic spin are identical with those suggested by Gell-Mann. Owing to the particular form of the interaction assumed in this scheme, we can derive a new selection rule which seems to be of some use in interpreting the metastability of the new particles.
Lattice expansion and contraction in sputtered metal films due to hydrogen charging

Abstract Hydrogen charging of Ti-30Mo plates (where the composition is in approximate weight per cent) sputtered with thin films of iron, tantalum or titanium results in an increase or decrease in the film lattice parameter, depending on the circumstances. Films thinner than 200 nm show continuous decreases in lattice parameter during charging, whereas relatively thick films show positive changes in the lattice parameter. The decrease in the lattice parameter of the film metal is a consequence of fine-scale plastic deformation caused by the hydrogen charging. Mesa-like protruberances are formed in the film, which oxidize in air, causing compression of their volumes. At very small film thicknesses the contraction effect prevails because most of the film is converted into protruberances. The charging of relatively thick films causes positive changes in the lattice parameter because the expansion caused by hydrogen dissolved in the film overcomes the contraction experienced by the small volume of film near the free surface.
High-speed monolithic integrated technologies for wavelength division multiplexing and demultiplexing based on VCSELs

Monolithic multiple-wavelength arrays of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) and resonance-enhanced photodetectors (REPD) with matching wavelengths are useful for wavelength-division multiplexed optical interconnects, in which parallelism is achieved using a single fiber. Multiple wavelength channels can be optically multiplexed and broadcast to different nodes, where they are demultiplexed (selected) by REPDs with different spectral selectivity. Alternatively, the multiplexed data can be spectrally separated and sent to different destinations. Wavelength-graded VCSEL arrays with a 57 nm wavelength span have been realized, and VCSELs have been integrated with REPD arrays for improved wavelength matching. Wavelength multiplexing and demultiplexing are demonstrated at > 1 Gb/s using quasi-planar, multi-wavelength, InGaAs (VCSEL) and REPD arrays with closely matching wavelengths, with a crosstalk of > 10 dB between channels approximately 4 nm apart. The transmission performance of a single-channel fiberoptic link with a 1 km span is characterized, and the impact of optical crosstalk from neighboring wavelength channels and the effect of thermally-induced wavelength de- tuning are studied.
Continuous querying in database-centric Web applications

Abstract Web applications are becoming increasingly database-centric. Unfortunately, the support provided by most Web sites to explore such databases is rather primitive and is based on the traditional database metaphor of submitting an SQL query and packaging the response as an HTML page. Very often, the result set is empty or contains too many records. It is up to the user to refine the query by guessing how the query constraints must be tightened or relaxed and then go through another submit/response cycle. Furthermore, once results are displayed, typically no further exploration capabilities are offered. Web applications requiring interactive exploration of databases (e.g. e-commerce) need that the above submit/response metaphor be replaced with a continuous querying metaphor that seamlessly integrates querying with result browsing. In addition to supporting queries based on predicates on attribute values, queries based on example records should also be supported. We present techniques for supporting this metaphor and discuss their implementation in a Web-based database exploration engine.
On the Reduction of Sensitivity in Multivariate Systems

ABSTRACT In an earlier article Cruz and Perkins (1964) presented a generalization of the Bode (1945) sensitivity criterion to multivariate stationary systems. This paper shows that effective design procedures for the multivariate case can be developed from the generalized criteria.
Cultural aspects of spirituality in cancer care.

Objectives: To recognize the significant relationship between culture and spirituality; to offer techniques for assessing the influence of culture on spirituality. Data sources: Books and journal articles from nursing and anthropology. Conclusion: Patients' spirituality may be determined entirely by cultural norms, in opposition to cultural norms, or by both these norms and individual life experiences. A thorough assessment of a patient's spirituality with careful attention to the degree to which that spirituality is affected by the patient's cultural background is essential. Implications for nursing practice: Nurses who care for persons with cancer need to undertake a process of self-assessment of their spirituality before providing spiritual care for patients. Such an assessment helps to prevent cultural imposition.
Delayed fluorescence and the reversal of primary photochemistry in Rhodopseudomonas viridis.

— Delayed fluorescence from chromatophores of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas viridis was measured at temperatures below 0°C. A component with a decay half-time of about 7 ms was found. Its intensity was directly proportional to the number of reaction centers in the P985+·A- state. During prolonged illumination it faded as electrons moved forward along the electron transport chain from the primary acceptor, A, (P985+·A-P985+·A), and its decay in the dark paralleled the disappearence of the P985+ electron paramagnetic resonance absorption. The data suggest that this component of delayed fluorescence results from a direct reversal of the primary light reaction. While the rate of the P985+middot;A-P985·A reaction was almost independent of temperature, delayed fluorescence intensity displayed an apparent activation energy of 0°2 eV. It is concluded that the P985+·A-P985·A reaction proceeds by parallel radiative and nonradiative routes. The direct proportionality between delayed fluorescence and the concentration of P985+·A- pairs seems to preclude an involvement of triplet-triplet annihilation or dependence of delayed fluorescence upon the variable prompt fluorescence yield.
Health Barriers to Learning: A Survey of New York City Public School Leadership

This article summarizes the results from a 2013 online survey with 408 principals and assistant principals in New York City public elementary and middle schools. The survey assessed three primary areas: health issues in the school, health issues perceived as barriers to learning for affected students, and resources needed to address these barriers. Eighteen of the 22 health conditions listed in the survey were considered a moderate or serious issue within their schools by at least 10% of respondents. All 22 of the health issues were perceived as a barrier to learning by between 12% and 87% of the respondents. Representatives from schools that serve a higher percentage of low-income students reported significantly higher levels of concern about the extent of health issues and their impact on learning. Respondents most often said they need linkages with organizations that can provide additional services and resources at the school, especially for mental health.
RICE CROP DURATION AND LEAF APPEARANCE RATE IN A VARIABLE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT. II. COMPARISON OF GENOTYPES

Abstract Rice crop duration in tropical-arid, irrigated environments, such as the Sahel, varies strongly among seasons and years. For rice double-cropping systems, cultivars are needed that have a stable duration under variable daylengths and temperatures. No efficient selection tools are currently available to screen for comparatively thermo- and photoperiod-insensitive cultivars, and little is known about the genetic diversity of rice in this respect. A previous study presented a model that disaggregates photothermal effects on rice phenology for the different crop development stages and the two main factors, daylength and temperature. The present study characterizes differences in the photothermal response of 18 rice lines for three major phases of their development, namely, germination, the appearance of early leaves, and the induction phase (IP) between the end of the basic vegetative phase (BVP) and panicle initiation (PI). A field experiment was conducted at Ndiaye in Senegal, using 11 staggered sowing dates at 15 day intervals. Three check cultivars were replicated four times per date, and the others were not replicated. Phenological observations included leaf tip appearance rates on a daily basis, and heading and flowering dates. Water and air temperatures were also monitored. The duration from seed soaking to the appearance of the first leaf depended linearly on water temperature, with a base temperature of about 8°C. No differences were observed among lines. The appearance rate of the first to the fourth leaf had an optimum temperature ( T opt ) between 22°C and 25°C, with significant differences between lines. Lines with low T opt had high maximal leaf appearance rates during seedling stage. The quantitatively most important component of the seasonal variability of crop duration was IP, which depended on temperature and photoperiod. Photoperiodic and temperature effects were disaggregated using an empirically based model leaf appearance (LAP), which, by way of parametrization, helped quantify genotypic differences. The photothermal differences between lines were associated with adaptation to specific seasons. Lines such as IR13240-108-2-2-3, which is adapted to several seasons, were comparatively insensitive to photoperiod and temperature. That line also had a low T opt and a high Leaf Appearance. In conclusion, screening for temperature-insensitive leaf appearance rates may be promising for rice breeding for arid, irrigated environments. Selection for combined low thermal and photoperiod sensitivity, however, would be impractical on an experimental basis, and would therefore require genetic markers.
ERRORS OF KINEMATIC‐WAVE AND DIFFUSION‐WAVE APPROXIMATIONS FOR SPACE‐INDEPENDENT FLOWS ON INFILTRATING SURFACES

Error equations for the kinematic-wave and diffusion-wave approximations were derived under simplified conditions for space-independent flows occurring on infiltrating planes or channels. These equations specify error as a function of time in the flow hydrograph. The kinematic-wave, diffusion wave and dynamic-wave solutions were parameterized through a dimensionless parameter γ which is dependent on the initial conditions. This parameter reflects the effect of initial flow depth, channel-bed slope, lateral inflow and channel roughness when the initial condition is non-vanishing ; and it reflects the effect of bed slope, channel roughness, lateral inflow and infiltration when the initial condition is vanishing. The error equations were found to be the Riccati equation.
Observation of the hyperfine effect in muon capture by 9 19 F via the time-dependence of the decay electron rate

The hyperfine effect in mu capture by F/sup 19/ is confirmed. The rate at which neutrons are emitted following mu arrival in K shells is not affected by branching ratio effects. The decay symmetry parameter for mu /sup -/ bound to the I = 1/2 nucleus F/sup 19/ is --0.021 plus or minus 0.007, about 1/ 2 that of mu /sup -/ in C; mu /sup -/ in crystalline LiF, at least in a longitudinal field of --100 gauss, are not subject to appreciable spin relaxation in the mesic K orbit. (L.N.N.)
In silico estimates of cell electroporation by electrical incapacitation waveforms

We use a system model of a cell and approximate magnitudes of electrical incapacitation (EI) device waveforms to estimate conditions that lead to responses with or without electroporation (EP) of cell membranes near electrodes. Single pulse waveforms of Taser X26 and Aegis MK63 devices were measured using a resistive load. For the present estimates the digitized waveforms were scaled in magnitude according to the inverse square radial distance from two tissue-penetrating electrodes, approximated as hemispheres. The corresponding tissue level electric fields were then used as inputs to the cell system model. A dynamic pore model for membrane electroporation (EP) was assigned to many different sites on the cell plasma membrane (PM). EI devices generate sufficiently large transmembrane voltage, U m (t), such that pores were created, evolving into a heterogeneous and time-dependent pore population. These approximate responses suggest that both waveforms can cause PM EP. Peripheral nerve damage by EP is a candidate side effect. More extensive EP is expected from the Taser X26 than the Aegis MK63, mainly due to the approximately eight-fold difference in the peak magnitudes. In silico examination of EI waveforms by multiscale modeling is warranted, and can involve whole body, tissue and cell level models that now exist and are rapidly being improved.
SplicePlot: a utility for visualizing splicing quantitative trait loci.

Summary: RNA sequencing has provided unprecedented resolution of alternative splicing and splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTL). However, there are few tools available for visualizing the genotypedependent effects of splicing at a population level. SplicePlot is a simple command line utility that produces intuitive visualization of sQTLs and their effects. SplicePlot takes mapped RNA sequencing reads in BAM format and genotype data in VCF format as input and outputs publication-quality Sashimi plots, hive plots and structure plots, enabling better investigation and understanding of the role of genetics on alternative splicing and transcript structure. Availability and implementation: Source code and detailed documentation are available at http://montgomerylab.stanford.edu/splice plot/index.html under Resources and at Github. SplicePlot is implemented in Python and is supported on Linux and Mac OS. A VirtualBox virtual machine running Ubuntu with SplicePlot already installed is also available.
MISSOURI HARD FLINT CLAY FIRE BRICK1

The hard flint clay obtained in the diaspore pits of Missouri, which has exceedingly low bonding properties and high shrinkage, but a P.C.E. value of cone 34, with the use of as low a percentage of flint clay grog as 20%, can be bonded into a strong brick, free of physical defects and of super-refractory quality. Excessively high forming pressure is not required. A small addition of bentonite adds materially in bonding the clay. The results of spall, hot load, cold compression, porosity, shrinkage, and reheat tests are presented.
ANTIDUMPING REFORM IN THE WTO: A PESSIMISTIC APPRAISAL

. Evidence presented in this paper suggests that substantial, and perhaps even modest, antidumping reform is unlikely to occur in the near future in multilateral trade negotiations. One reason is that the growing list of countries that use antidumping extensively has created new constituencies that will resist reform. Second, traditional antidumping users, especially the USA, have shown strong resistance to further reform and have implemented past reform in a minimalist fashion. Even if substantial changes are forthcoming, experience with antidumping reform from the Uruguay Round means that the economic impact of reform could be limited.
Treatment outcomes after highly active antiretroviral therapy: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Summary This systematic review summarises the evidence for treatment efficacy and tolerability of highly active antiretroviral therapies containing two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) with a protease inhibitor (PI), compared with two NRTIs alone for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in randomised controlled trials. Three electronic databases (Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) were searched up to December 2003. 16 randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis from 328 articles screened. The pooled analysis indicated that treatment with two NRTIs with a PI is more effective in achieving viral suppression than two NRTIs alone (relative risk [RR] 3·44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2·43–4·87). However, the RR for discontinuation of treatment due to adverse events of treatment with two NRTIs with a PI compared with two NRTIs alone was 1·81 (95% CI 1·17–2·79). The benefits of treatment with two NRTIs and a PI are substantial among those who can tolerate the regimen in comparison with treatment with two NRTIs alone.
Inappropriate ICD Discharges in Single‐Chamber Versus Dual‐Chamber Devices in the Pediatric and Young Adult Population

device discharges (IDs), leading to discomfort, anxiety and, potentially, proarrhythmia. Dual-chamber (DC) ICDs may decrease IDs by improving rhythm discrimination, but are associated with increased size, expense, and implant complications. We examined whether the frequency of IDs was the same in dual- and single-chamber (SC) ICDs in young patients. Methods: A multicenter review of patients ≤30 years of age with ICDs was performed. Demographic data and number of appropriate discharges (ADs) and IDs were collected. ADs and IDs were categorized after review of the episode by the primary electrophysiologist. Results: Of 168 subjects (SC = 52; female = 76), 41 patients received 139 ADs, while 35 patients received 159 IDs. There were no differences related to gender or primary diagnosis, but patients with SC versus DC devices were younger (12.3 ± 5.0 years vs 14.9 ± 4.4 years, P < 0.0001) at implant. SC and DC devices were implanted with the same frequency for primary and secondary prevention. There were no significant differences in the incidence of IDs or ADs between the patients with SC or DC devices (AD: 12/52 SC vs 29/116 DC, P = 0.79; ID 7/52 SC vs 28/116 DC, P = 0.13). Conclusion: In this cohort of young patients, DC ICDs did not provide added protection from IDs. Hence, theaddedcomplexityandcostofanatrialleadappearunwarrantedifusedsolelyforassistancewithrhythm
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of the cervical spine: case report and review of the literature

Abstract Background context Multiple lytic lesions of the spine usually represent metastatic or infectious disease processes. Purpose To describe an extremely rare presentation of an uncommon disease process. Study design/setting Case report/university hospital. Methods We describe the management of a patient who presented with a pathological fracture of C3 and multiple lytic lesions of the cervical spine. Results After reconstructive surgery, the final pathological diagnosis was fibrous dysplasia. Conclusion Fibrous dysplasia is rarely seen in the cervical spine and may mimic other pathological processes. The surgical and medical management of spinal fibrous dysplasia is described.
Optimization & performance analysis of grid protocol for scalable location services

Grid presents a distributed location service, which allows the construction of ad hoc mobile networks that scale to a large number of nodes as compared to previous work. Grid protocol tracks the location of mobile nodes with its scalable location service architecture and forwards the packets through geographic forwarding. Each mobile node is assumed to be GPS capable and periodically updates a small set of other nodes (its location servers) with its current position. We experimented and analyzed the grid behavior in detail building on original code from grid developers. Our experiment uses NS-2 for up to 600 mobile nodes and 2900/spl times/2900 m as maximum simulation area. Our results show that the storage and bandwidth requirements of grid protocol grow slowly with the size of the network. Grid tolerates node failures well and the query performance of Grid is almost insensitive to node speeds and number of nodes. We analyzed grid behavior over variants of "random mobility models", variations in transmission ranges and finally different node distributions. We believe that our experiment help analyze grid behavior in greater depth.
Genetic and behavioural divergence among desert spring amphipod populations

1. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses and behavioural trials were conducted on eleven Hyalella azteca populations and one population of H. montezuma from lakes and springs across northern Arizona, U.S.A. Genetic distances among populations were calculated based on fifty-five RAPD markers. 2. A cluster analysis indicated two genetic lineages among the Hyalella populations. One group consisted of populations inhabiting lakes with submerged vegetation, while a second group consisted of populations that clung to roots of emergent vegetation. Behaviour also diverged between these two groups in laboratory trials: amphipods from the submerged vegetation lineage spent significantly more time swimming than did those from the emergent vegetation lineage. 3. Based on patterns in genetic distance data, it is suggested that a xeric landscape may promote diversity among passively dispersed invertebrates.
First Report of Bacterial Blight of Crucifers Caused by Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis in Australia

In 1978 and 1979, Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola strains DAR 33362, DAR 33363, and DAR 33406 were isolated from diseased Brassica hirta, B. nigra, and B. napus var. napus, respectively, in Wagga Wagga and Armatree, NSW, Australia (2). Peters et al. (2) demonstrated that these strains were similar to P. syringae pv. maculicola ICMP 4326 (CFBP 1637), which was recently transferred to Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis (1). We evaluated these Australian strains to determine if they might also be P. cannabina pv. alisalensis. Amplification of DNA using the BOXA1R primer and PCR resulted in identical DNA fragment banding patterns for Australian strains DAR 33362 and DAR 33363 and P. cannabina pv. alisalensis ICMP 4326 and CFBP 6875. The third Australian strain, DAR 33406, was 90% similar to P. cannabina pv. alisalensis; in contrast, it was only 77% similar to P. syringae pv. maculicola. All strains of P. cannabina pv. alisalensis, including the pathotype strain (CFBP 6866) and all three Australian stra...
A Parallel Implementation of Electron-Phonon Scattering in Nanoelectronic Devices up to 95k Cores

A quantum transport approach based on the Non-equilibrium Green's Function formalism and the tight-binding method has been developed to investigate the performances of atomistically resolved nanoelectronic devices in the presence of electron-phonon scattering. The model is integrated into a quad-level parallel environment (bias, momentum, energy, and spatial domain decomposition) that scales almost perfectly up to 220k cores in the ballistic limit of electron transport. In this case, the momentum and energy points form a quasi-embarrassingly parallel problem. The novelty in this paper is the inclusion of scattering self-energies that couple all the momenta and several energies together, requiring substantial inter-processor communication. An efficient parallel implementation of electron-phonon scattering is therefore proposed and applied to a realistically extended transistor structure. A good scaling of the simulation walltime up to 95,256 cores and a sustained performance of 142 TFlop/s are reported on the Cray-XT5 Jaguar.
Vaccine Therapy for B-Cell Lymphomas: Next-Generation Strategies

Active immunotherapy is a promising approach for the treatment of lymphomas. Immunization with the clonal tumor immunoglobulin, idiotype, expressed on the surface of B-cell malignancies was associated with induction of tumor-specific cellular and humoral immunity, molecular remissions, and prolonged disease-free survival in early clinical trials. Idiotype vaccination was also demonstrated to induce tumor-specific T-cell immunity in the absence of B cells following treatment with rituximab-containing chemotherapy, suggesting that vaccines may be used in combination with rituximab. Three double-blind randomized phase 3 idiotype vaccine trials are currently ongoing to definitively determine the clinical benefit of idiotype vaccination in patients with lymphoma. Novel second-generation lymphoma vaccines are in development to streamline the production of patient-specific cancer vaccines and show encouraging results in preclinical and pilot clinical studies. To enhance the clinical efficacy of active immunotherapy, future clinical trials are likely to use a combination strategy with the lymphoma vaccine to stimulate an antitumor T-cell response and the simultaneous suppression of immune regulatory pathways to augment the induced T-cell response.
Searching for Novel Neutrino Interactions at NOvA and Beyond in Light of Large theta_13

We examine the prospects of probing nonstandard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos in the e-tau sector with upcoming long-baseline nu_mu -> nu_e oscillation experiments. First conjectured decades ago, neutrino NSI remain of great interest, especially in light of the recent 8B solar neutrino measurements by SNO, Super-Kamiokande, and Borexino. We observe that the recent discovery of large theta_13 implies that long-baseline experiments have considerable NSI sensitivity, thanks to the interference of the standard and new physics conversion amplitudes. In particular, in some parts of NSI parameter space, the upcoming NOvA experiment will be sensitive enough to see ~ 3sigma deviations from the SM-only hypothesis. On the flip side, NSI introduce important ambiguities in interpreting NOvA results as measurements of CP-violation, the mass hierarchy and the octant of theta_23. In particular, observed CP violation could be due to a phase coming from NSI, rather than the vacuum Hamiltonian. The proposed LBNE experiment, with its longer ~ 1300 km baseline, may break many of these interpretative degeneracies.
Double-blind comparative trial of oral ondansetron versus oral granisetron versus IV ondansetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic preparative regimens prior to stem cell transplantation

Abstract The optimal management of transplantation preparative regimen-induced nausea and vomiting remains unknown. We conducted a Phase III double-blind study to determine the efficacy and costs of oral ondansetron versus oral granisetron versus IV ondansetron and PRN rescue antiemetics for the prevention/control of nausea and vomiting associated with high-dose chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy prior to stem cell transplantation. One hundred two patients were randomized to receive either 8 mg PO ondansetron every 8 hours, 1 mg PO granisetron every 12 hours, or 32 mg IV ondansetron every 24 hours plus 10 mg IV dexamethasone daily during and 1 day after the various preparative regimens. Study arms were compared in terms of emetic episodes, subjective nausea, amount and cost of rescue antiemetics used, and total costs. Response was defined as complete response (CR), no emesis with no or mild nausea and no rescue antiemetics; major response (MR), 1 episode of emesis or moderate nausea with or without rescue antiemetics; and major efficacy (ME), CR + MR. Subjective nausea was assessed using a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) with 0=no nausea. Ninety-six patients completed the study; the trial was analyzed according to intention-to-treat. Overall CR rates were: 48% for oral ondansetron, 47% for oral granisetron, and 49% for IV ondansetron. Overall ME rates were 82% for oral ondansetron, 84% for oral granisetron, and 81% for IV ondansetron. Mean VAS scores were 32 for oral ondansetron, 32 for oral granisetron, and 27 for IV ondansetron. None of the differences were statistically significant. A cost analysis revealed significant differences among all arms (P = .0001, all comparisons). All 3 regimens had similar efficacy in this BMT population; oral ondansetron was the most cost-effective. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2001;7(11):596-603.
Compression only reanimation

Cardiac arrest is the most common cause of death in most industrialized nations. The vast majority of cardiac arrests take place out-of-the hospital making out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) a major public health problem. In spite of recurrent updates of national guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), in the United States the survival of patients with OHCA due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) averaged 17.7% and was essentially unchanged from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s. Extensive experiments from basic physiological research laboratories provided a better understanding of not only the difference between primary and secondary cardiac arrest but also of the hemodynamics of resuscitation from primary cardiac arrest. Using these new forms of therapy, we were able to improve survival in our laboratory. These experimental findings failed to result in changes in guidelines as there were no randomized controlled trials in humans. An alternative approach to improving survival in humans is the model commonly used to improve public health problems, that of continuous quality improvement. This process advocates obtaining baseline data, and if not optimal, advocating changes and re-evaluating the results. In the United States as well as in Arizona, the baseline survival rate was 17.7%. We then advocated chest compression only CPR for patients with primary cardiac arrest. The survival rate during the period from the beginning of 2005 to the end of 2009 increased from 17.7 to 33.7%.
Photoelectrochemical Oxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Decamethyl Ferrocene at the n ‐ GaAs / Room Temperature Molten Salt Electrolyte Interface

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxidation of decamethyl ferrocene ((/eta//sup 5/-(CH/sub 3/)/sub 5/C/sub 5/)/sub 2/Fe), benzo (a) pyrene (BP), 9, 10-diphenylanthracene (DPA), anthracene (A), and hexamethyl benzene (HMB) on n-GaAs electrodes in contact with the aluminum chloride-n-butyl pyridinium chloride (AlCl/sub 3/-BPC) molten salt electrolyte, was studied by cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry. In the case of DPA and A, evidence from cyclic voltammetry indicated photooxidation to the dication, probably caused by injection of an electron from the cation radical into the conduction band in n-GaAs. The location of the reduction waves on n-GaAs in the cyclic voltammograms for BP, DPA, and A further indicated a second set of surface states situated very close to the valence bandedge. Linear sweep voltammograms on n-GaAs in the dark and under illumination showed the usual rectification behavior associated with n-type semiconductor/electrolye junctions. 16 refs.
Nitrogen balance for wheat canopies (Triticum aestivum cv. Veery 10) grown under elevated and ambient CO2 concentrations

We examined the hypothesis that elevated CO2 concentration would increase NO3- absorption and assimilation using intact wheat canopies (Triticum aestivum cv. Veery 10). Nitrate consumption, the sum of plant absorption and nitrogen loss, was continuously monitored for 23 d following germination under two CO2 concentrations (360 and 1000 micromol mol-1 CO2) and two root zone NO3- concentrations (100 and 1000 mmol m3 NO3-). The plants were grown at high density (1780 m-2) in a 28 m3 controlled environment chamber using solution culture techniques. Wheat responded to 1000 micromol mol-1 CO2 by increasing carbon allocation to root biomass production. Elevated CO2 also increased root zone NO3- consumption, but most of this increase did not result in higher biomass nitrogen. Rather, nitrogen loss accounted for the greatest part of the difference in NO3- consumption between the elevated and ambient [CO2] treatments. The total amount of NO3(-)-N absorbed by roots or the amount of NO3(-)-N assimilated per unit area did not significantly differ between elevated and ambient [CO2] treatments. Instead, specific leaf organic nitrogen content declined, and NO3- accumulated in canopies growing under 1000 micromol mol-1 CO2. Our results indicated that 1000 micromol mol-1 CO2 diminished NO3- assimilation. If NO3- assimilation were impaired by high [CO2], then this offers an explanation for why organic nitrogen contents are often observed to decline in elevated [CO2] environments.