cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The proteomic response of the mussel congeners Mytilus galloprovincialis and M. trossulus to acute heat stress: implications for thermal tolerance limits and metabolic costs of thermal stress.

The Mediterranean blue mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis , an invasive species in California, has displaced the more heat-sensitive native congener, Mytilus trossulus , from its former southern range, possibly due to climate change. By comparing the response of their proteomes to acute heat stress we sought to identify responses common to both species as well as differences that account for greater heat tolerance in the invasive. Mussels were acclimated to 13°C for four weeks and exposed to acute heat stress (24°C, 28°C and 32°C) for 1 h and returned to 13°C to recover for 24 h. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry we identified 47 and 61 distinct proteins that changed abundance in M. galloprovincialis and M. trossulus , respectively. The onset temperatures of greater abundance of some members of the heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 and small Hsp families were lower in M. trossulus . The abundance of proteasome subunits was lower in M. galloprovincialis but greater in M. trossulus in response to heat. Levels of several NADH-metabolizing proteins, possibly linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), were lower at 32°C in the cold-adapted M. trossulus whereas proteins generating NADPH, important in ROS defense, were higher in both species. The abundance of oxidative stress proteins was lower at 32°C in M. trossulus only, indicating that its ability to combat heat-induced oxidative stress is limited to lower temperatures. Levels of NAD-dependent deacetylase (sirtuin 5), which are correlated with lifespan, were lower in M. trossulus in response to heat stress. In summary, the expression patterns of proteins involved in molecular chaperoning, proteolysis, energy metabolism, oxidative damage, cytoskeleton and deacetylation revealed a common loci of heat stress in both mussels but also showed a lower sensitivity to high-temperature damage in the warm-adapted M. galloprovincialis , which is consistent with its expanding range in warmer waters. * AAT : aspartate aminotransferase cdc42 : cell division control protein homolog 42 cMDH : cytosolic malate dehydrogenase CoA : coenzyme A EGFR : epidermal growth factor EST : expressed sequence tag ETC : electron transport chain Hsp : heat shock protein IDH : isocitrate dehydrogenase IPG : immobilized pH gradient MAPK : mitogen-activated protein kinase mMDH : mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase MOWSE : molecular weight search MS : mass spectrometry MVP : major vault protein NAD(H) : nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form) NADP(H) : nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) PCA : principle component analysis PDH : pyruvate dehydrogenase PEPCK : phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase pI : isoelectric point PMF : peptide mass fingerprint PTM : post-translational modification ROS : reactive oxygen species sHsps : small heat shock proteins SOD : superoxide dismutase TFA : trifluoroacetic acid T on : onset temperature 2-D GE : two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
The great surge in mortgage defaults 2006–2009: The comparative roles of economic conditions, underwriting and moral hazard

Abstract In this research we exploit the power of a large and rich sample of individual loans originated from 2000 to 2007 to study the relative roles of underwriting, moral hazard and local economic conditions in the Great Surge in mortgage defaults. With these data we can observe the information available to investors and control for observable underwriting as well as economic conditions. We can also use the data to infer the share due to moral hazard. Estimates from these data suggest that much of the variation was due to economic conditions.
Investigation of the synthesis, activation, and isosteric heats of CO2 adsorption of the isostructural series of metal–organic frameworks M3(BTC)2 (M = Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ru)

The synthesis, activation, and heats of CO2 adsorption for the known members of the M3(BTC)2 (HKUST-1) isostructural series (M = Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, Ni, Cu, Mo) were investigated to gain insight into the impact of CO2–metal interactions for CO2 storage/separation applications. With the use of modified syntheses and activation procedures, improved BET surface areas were obtained for M = Ni, Mo, and Ru. The zero-coverage isosteric heats of CO2 adsorption were measured for the Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, and Ru analogues and gave values consistent with those reported for MOFs containing coordinatively unsaturated metal sites, but lower than for amine functionalized materials. Notably, the Ni and Ru congeners exhibited the highest CO2 affinities in the studied series. These behaviors were attributed to the presence of residual guest molecules in the case of Ni3(BTC)2(Me2NH)2(H2O) and the increased charge of the dimetal secondary building unit in [Ru3(BTC)2][BTC]0.5.
Plastid‐expressed 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase genes provide high level glyphosate tolerance in tobacco

Plastid transformation (transplastomic) technology has several potential advantages for biotechnological applications including the use of unmodified prokaryotic genes for engineering, potential high-level gene expression and gene containment due to maternal inheritance in most crop plants. However, the efficacy of a plastid-encoded trait may change depending on plastid number and tissue type. We report a feasibility study in tobacco plastids to achieve high-level herbicide resistance in both vegetative tissues and reproductive organs. We chose to test glyphosate resistance via over-expression in plastids of tolerant forms of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Immunological, enzymatic and whole-plant assays were used to prove the efficacy of three different prokaryotic (Achromobacter, Agrobacterium and Bacillus) EPSPS genes. Using the Agrobacterium strain CP4 EPSPS as a model we identified translational control sequences that direct a 10,000-fold range of protein accumulation (to >10% total soluble protein in leaves). Plastid-expressed EPSPS could provide very high levels of glyphosate resistance, although levels of resistance in vegetative and reproductive tissues differed depending on EPSPS accumulation levels, and correlated to the plastid abundance in these tissues. Paradoxically, higher levels of plastid-expressed EPSPS protein accumulation were apparently required for efficacy than from a similar nuclear-encoded gene. Nevertheless, the demonstration of high-level glyphosate tolerance in vegetative and reproductive organs using transplastomic technology provides a necessary step for transfer of this technology to other crop species.
Hypothalamic signaling in anorexia induced by indispensable amino acid deficiency

Animals exhibit a rapid and sustained anorexia when fed a diet that is deficient in a single indispensable amino acid (IAA). The chemosensor for IAA deficiency resides within the anterior piriform cortex (APC). Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the APC detects IAA deficiency are well established, the efferent neural pathways that reduce feeding in response to an IAA-deficient diet remain to be fully characterized. In the present work, we investigated whether 1) central melanocortin signaling is involved in IAA deficiency-induced anorexia (IAADA) and 2) IAADA engages other key appetite-regulating neuronal populations in the hypothalamus. Rats and mice that consumed a valine-deficient diet (VDD) for 2-3 wk exhibited marked reductions in food intake, body weight, fat and lean body mass, body temperature, and white adipose tissue leptin gene expression, as well as a paradoxical increase in brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein-1 mRNA. Animals consuming the VDD had altered hypothalamic gene expression, typical of starvation. Pharmacological and genetic blockade of central melanocortin signaling failed to increase long-term food intake in this model. Chronic IAA deficiency was associated with a marked upregulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone expression in the lateral hypothalamus, particularly in the parasubthalamic nucleus, an area heavily innervated by efferent projections from the APC. Our observations indicate that the hypothalamic melanocortin system plays a minor role in acute, but not chronic, IAADA and suggest that the restraint on feeding is analogous to that observed after chronic dehydration.
Do Lonely Days Invade the Nights? Potential Social Modulation of Sleep Efficiency

Loneliness predicts morbidity and mortality from broad- based causes, but the reasons for this effect remain unclear. Few dif- ferences in traditional health behaviors (e.g., smoking, exercise, nutri- tion) have been found to differentiate lonely and nonlonely individuals. We present evidence that a prototypic restorative behavior—sleep— does make such a differentiation, not through differences in time in bed or in sleep duration, but through differences in efficacy: In the study we report here, lonely individuals evinced poorer sleep efficiency and more time awake after sleep onset than nonlonely individuals. These results, which were observed in controlled laboratory conditions and were found to generalize to the home, suggest that lonely individuals may be less resilient than nonlonely individuals in part because they sleep more poorly. These results also raise the possibility that social factors such as loneliness not only may influence the selection of health behaviors but also may modulate the salubrity of restorative behaviors.
Voltage sensorless feedforward control of a dual boost PFC converter for battery charger applications

Dual boost PFC converters have been popular in industries due to their high efficiency. With input voltage sensor circuits, the size and cost of the PFC converter increases. In order to reduce the cost of the products by making compact size and to increase reliability from the electrical noises, control scheme without input voltage sensor is highly recommendable. This paper presents a voltage sensorless feedforward controller, which relies on the input current and output current of the dual boost PFC converter in a battery charger application. Because this control scheme utilizes the measured current information, this approach is well suited for the battery charger applications. Three main benefits of the proposed control scheme are as follows: 1) operates without input voltage sensors, 2) makes digital implementation possible with the proposed feedforward controller, 3) and improves the response time with the current compensator. The proposed feedforward control without voltage sensor has been simulated by using PSIM software and implemented with a 1kW dual boost PFC prototype board controlled by a digital signal processor. The simulation results and experimental results are well matched.
Dual Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP IV) in Angiogenesis and Vascular Remodeling

Our studies, both in vivo and in vitro, strongly indicate a critical role of DPP IV in modifying NPY’s actions in the cardiovascular system. The protein can act as an NPY converting enzyme, cleaving the full length NPY1–36 to its shorter form, NPY3–36, and shifting the peptide’s activities from Y1-mediated vasoconstriction and vascular smooth muscle cell growth to Y2/Y5-mediated angiogenesis. On the other hand, the intriguing phenomenon of DPP IV being a necessary factor in Y1/Y5-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation implicates its possible role as a co-receptor facilitating signalling of and/or ligand binding to NPY receptors. Additional studies are required to determine mechanisms of DPP IV actions in certain cellular models, e.g. why does the enzyme not inactivate NPY1–36 in the vascular smooth muscle cell-Y1/Y5 system by cleavage of the peptide, or whether or not other proteases, such as aminopeptidase P, can compensate for loss of DPP IV. If DPP IV proves to be indeed a critical step required for inhibiting NPY’s contractile and pro-atherosclerotic effect and potentiating its angiogenic activities, abnormally low DPP IV expression and activity could be a risk factor for hypertension and ischemic cardiovascular diseases, in which NPY has already been implicated28. Research into this area seems particularly necessary as DPP IV inhibitors are being considered as a potential therapy for type II diabetes — a disease, which by itself increases the risk for cardiovascular consequences.
Rate and Pattern of Rim Area Loss in Healthy and Progressing Glaucoma Eyes.

Purpose To characterize the rate and pattern of age-related and glaucomatous neuroretinal rim area changes in subjects of African and European descent. Design Prospective longitudinal study. Participants Two hundred ninety-six eyes of 157 healthy subjects (88 patients of African descent and 69 of European descent) and 73 progressing glaucoma eyes of 67 subjects (24 patients of African descent and 43 of European descent) from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study were included. Methods Global and sectoral rim areas were measured using confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscopy. Masked stereophotograph review determined progression of glaucomatous optic disc damage. The rates of absolute rim area loss and percentage rim area loss in healthy and progressing glaucomatous eyes were compared using multivariate, nested, mixed-effects models. Main Outcome Measures Rate of rim area loss over time. Results The median follow-up time was 5.0 years (interquartile range, 2.0–7.4 years) for healthy eyes and 8.3 years (interquartile range, 7.5–9.9 years) for progressing glaucoma eyes. The mean rate of global rim area loss was significantly faster in progressing glaucomatous eyes compared with healthy eyes for both rim area loss (−10.2×10 −3 vs. −2.8×10 −3 mm 2 /year, respectively; P P Conclusions Compared with healthy eyes, the mean rate of global rim area loss was 3.7 times faster and the mean rate of global percentage rim area loss was 5.4 times faster in progressing glaucoma eyes. A reference database of healthy eyes can be used to help clinicians distinguish age-related rim area loss from rim area loss resulting from glaucoma.
Teaching engaged research literacy: A description and assessment of the Research Ripped from the Headlines project

Courses: This assignment can be implemented in wide-range of courses that have research-related goals at the undergraduate or master's degree level. Applicable courses include Research Methods, Capstone, Interpersonal Communication, Organizational Communication, Intercultural Communication, Health Communication, Gender, and Family Communication.Objectives: This assignment serves to increase students’ information literacy related to research gathering, critique, analysis, and implementation. For this assignment, students will: (a) identify and examine a news article that uses research; (b) trace the origins and conduct an analysis of the research study cited in the news article or a related research study; and (c) deliver an informative discussion that explains the news article, selected research study, and connect their analysis to research and research methodology principles. In all, this assignment improves students' media literacy related to social media and technology, and increases student affect for...
Studies in Ranch Economics

Studies in ranch economics and related problems comprise a relatively new and fertile field for agricultural research workers. Not only is this an inviting field for the research economist, but also for the animal husbandman, the botanist, the pathologist, the experimental breeder, the chemist, and the nutrition specialist. In fact it is the combined and correlated efforts of the several types of specialists that is necessary to render the industry the maximum of research service. Such work was initiated in Texas about 1915 when the governing board established a Ranch Experiment Station in a typical ranching area on the Edwards Plateau. The problem was (1) to focus the activities of the different research specialists-the chemist, the botanist, the entomologist, and the animal husbandman-on the varying problems of the range livestock industry; (2) to coordinate the research activities of these physical and biological research workers with those of the research agricultural economist; (3) to find the most important of the ranch problems; (4) to develop research methods especially suited to the different studies to be made; and (5) to make headway with appropriate projects. Some of the major objectives of ranch economics research, considered from the point of view of the industry as well as that of the investigator, are: (1) To study with a view of improvement and better utilization of the carrying capacity of our ranges; (2) To improve the quantity and also the quality of our ranch products; (3) To effect a consistent way to lower production and marketing costs;
Experimental Analysis of the Effects of Pocket Gopher Mounds on Texas Coastal Prairie

The effect of pocket gopher ( Geomys attwateri ) mounds on Texas coastal prairie was investigated by depositing simulated mounds at locations where vegetation had previously been quantified. Mounds were constructed in March 1984 and vegetation on mounds and random sites was sampled in May and October 1984. Most plant biomass was negatively impacted by mounds in May, but dicot shoot biomass increased. Species diversity was also higher on mounds in May than in March. By October, neither plant biomass nor species diversity was significantly different between mound and random samples. There was an initial selection for dicot shoots due to a negative initial effect by pocket gopher mounds on monocots, but biomass and species diversity differences were reduced as monocots grew through mounds by the October sample. Growth of perennial plant species was less affected than that of annual species. Our findings differed somewhat from those in other pocket gopher systems because gopher mounds are short-lived in south Texas. Deposition of gopher mounds may be instrumental in maintenance of a dicot assemblage in this coastal grassland. Recovery of sites buried by pocket gopher mounds depends on location-specific interrelationships between biotic and abiotic factors.
An Optical Fiber Strainmeter and Test of its Stability

We have built two optical fiber strainmeters at our research facilities in southern California: one in the lab and another at Pinon Flat Geophysical Observatory. Using single mode optical fiber which is clamped at both ends, we measure strain of the fiber interferometrically. To interpret these results, the temperature coefficient and strain coefficient of the refractive index of fibers under tension have been determined. We have also carried out stability experiments on the fibers over long periods of time (months to years). Direct comparison with a conventional evacuated-path Michelson interferometer establishes the merits and relative quality of an optial fiber strainmeter.
Robust adaptive control for a class of uncertain non-affine nonlinear systems using neural state feedback compensation

A robust adaptive control is proposed for a class of uncertain nonlinear non-affine SISO systems. In order to approximate the unknown nonlinear function, an affine type neural network (ATNN) and neural state feedback compensation are used, and then to compensate the approximation error and external disturbance, a robust control term is employed. By Lyapunov stability analysis for the closed-loop system, it is proven that tracking errors asymptotically converge to zero. Moreover, an observer is designed to estimate the system states because all the states may not be available for measurements. Furthermore, the adaptation laws of neural networks and the robust controller are given based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, two simulation examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method. Finally, two simulation examples show that the proposed method exhibits strong robustness, fast response and small tracking error, even for the non-affine nonlinear system with external disturbance, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Burn Injuries of the Eyelids

Burns of the eyelid and surrounding structures are relatively uncommon in spite of a high incidence of thermal injuries involving the face. The basic aims in reconstructing deformities must include primary measures of protecting corneal exposure and relieving epiphora.
Characteristics of shock response of a novel gas-liquid coupling shock damper

The acceptable acceleration maximum and the relative displacement amplitude of ship equipments acceptable are very small when they are subjected to a strong impact. Under this circumstance, none of the vibration isolator and the displacement restrictor could meet the shock isolation requirements of ship equipments. Therefore, a special damper which could dissipate larger shock energy is necessary. Based on this idea in which traditional vibration isolators are combined with the novel dissipation components, in this paper, a new non-linearity shock isolation system is presented. A mathematical model of gas-liquid coupling shock damper is established. And, the numerical analysis relating to the effects of its parameters(movement transmissibility and cross-section area of gas chamber) on shock isolation performance(the absolute acceleration maximum and the relative displacement amplitude) is carried out. The results prove that in comparison with the traditional linearity shock isolation system, the gas-liquid coupling shock damper can improve the impact resistance performance by dissipating partial impact energy. Besides, the parametric influence analysis of the damper provides a feasible theoretical basis for the design and development of the novel gas-liquid coupling shock damper.
Analysis of neutralized antibody level of the poliomyelitis in healthy population in Fujian province

OBJECTIVE To understand the neutralized antibody level of the poliomyelitis among healthy people and provide scientific evidence for the immunization strategy since routine and intensified immunization with oral polio vaccine (OPV) in Fujian province. METHODS The poliomyelitis antibody level of healthy people were detected by neutralization test of the micro cells. RESULTS The neutralizing antibody positive rates were 99.0%, 99.3%, 97.5% and GMTs were 1:79.1, 1:31.2, 1:24.7 for polio I, II, III respectively in 400 serum specimens from 1-59 years old. GMTs present a trend of decreasing as age's increasing. CONCLUSION A protective barrier had been built against poliomyelitis in healthy people in Fujian province through routine and intensified immunization with OPV.
Making House Calls: Treating Older Adults at Home

Home care is an exceedingly valuable opportunity to serve the needs of patients who find it difficult to leave their homes. Clinicians can remain on the cutting edge of serving their patients’ needs through exploration and expansion into home care medicine. This chapter provides information on patient eligibility, preparing for and conducting a house call, basic procedures which can be done in the home, and engaging support systems in becoming active in the homebound patient’s care management. The future of home care medicine will continue to expand as more patients wish to remain in their home and age in place.
Advice given by community members to pregnant women: a mixed methods study

Smoking and excess weight gain during pregnancy have been shown to have serious health consequences for both mothers and their infants. Advice from friends and family on these topics influences pregnant women’s behaviors. The purpose of our study was to compare the advice that community members give pregnant women about smoking versus the advice they give about pregnancy weight gain. A survey was sent via text messaging to adults in a diverse, low-income primary care clinic in 2015. Respondents were asked what advice (if any) they have given pregnant women about smoking or gestational weight gain and their comfort-level discussing the topics. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample population and to determine response rates. Open-ended responses were analyzed qualitatively using grounded theory analysis with an overall convergent parallel mixed methods design. Respondents (n = 370) were 77 % female, 40 % black, and 25 % reported education of high school or less. More respondents had spoken to pregnant women about smoking (40 %, n = 147) than weight gain (20 %, n = 73). Among individuals who had not discussed either topic (n = 181), more reported discomfort in talking about weight gain (65 %) compared to smoking (34 %; p < 0.0001). Advice about smoking during pregnancy (n = 148) was frequently negative, recommending abstinence and identifying smoking as harmful for baby and/or mother. Advice about weight gain in pregnancy (n = 74) revealed a breadth of messages, from reassurance about all weight gain (“Eat away” or “It’s ok if you are gaining weight”), to specific warnings against excess weight gain (“Too much was dangerous for her and the baby.”). Many community members give advice to pregnant women. Their advice reveals varied perspectives on the effects of pregnancy weight gain. Compared to a nearly ubiquitous understanding of the harms of smoking during pregnancy, community members demonstrated less awareness of and willingness to discuss the harms of excessive weight gain. Beyond educating pregnant women, community-level interventions may also be important to ensure that the information pregnant women receive supports healthy behaviors and promotes the long-term health of both moms and babies.
Horses – A Natural Fit for Camp Programs

A 4-H Member’s Horse Camp allows horse project members to enjoy their equine partner in a non-competitive, outdoor setting. Campers learn about leave-no-trace outdoor ethics, trail riding, maneuvering trail obstacles, equine emergency first aid, and low impact camping. 4?H has long understood that providing opportunities for youth to learn about things that interest them is just one aspect of the program. Project specific content, in this case horses, helps youth in 4?H programs to develop important life skills. In the positive atmosphere at 4?H horse camp, youth may feel a sense of belonging, and are provided opportunities to develop mastery, independence, and a spirit of generosity? which are all essential elements in high quality youth development programs. Horse camps are a natural extension of opportunities for horse project members, and they can be added to existing camps, or create new camping lessons.
A paróquia: da progênie judaico-helenístico-cristã ao Concílio Vaticano II

Parish’s historical genesis and its structural development in relation to the history of the Church is the central question to which this text is subordinate. For this reason, the text starts from the etymology of the parish term to the understanding of its origins and patterns into the early Christianity and its biblical roots conception, without the intention to show critical and reformulations about the parish structure. This study uses as basis the Church’s periods and its historical facts to characterize and to contextualize the parish's development, which, since its beginnings, is subordinate to the Church structures and authorities. This text also uses important documents that contextualize the view, foundation and organization of the parish as essential part of the ecclesia’s body as well as conceptualizes legally this community of faith, cell of the Particular Church. After an ecclesia genealogy's explanation, with the parish's development, this study contextualizes the view that the parish took into the Ecclesiology of the 21st Ecumenical Council of the Catholic Church, the Second Vatican Council and the Code of Canon Law of 1983 in comparison to the Pio-Benedictine Code. This text attempts to provide bedrocks for futures studies and question the ephemerality.
Impact of DP in CPRA Calculation

The algorithm for determining CPRA values that incorporate two or more of the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DRB3-5, -DQA, and -DQB loci requires information about the frequencies of alleles at the various loci as well as of the haplotypes comprised of the loci to which a patient has antibodies. Increasing awareness of the relevance of antibodies to HLA-DP has made it desirable to include DP in the CPRA calculation. DPB alleles sort independently from HLA alleles telomeric to DPA and therefore, do not require the frequencies of DP haplotypes for incorporation into CPRA. Calculations of CPRA that include DP incompatibilities (CPRA-DP) were performed according to the following algorithm: CPRA-DP = 1 − p2 (1-CPRA) where p is the sum of the frequencies of compatible DP alleles and CPRA is the currently used CPRA calculation. DP alleles frequencies were determined from 1082 deceased donors typed in our laboratory. CPRA-DP was determined for patients grouped by traditional CPRA values for varying degrees of DP incompatibility. As expected, the impact of DP incompatibility was greatest for patients with the lowest CPRA values and decreased as CPRA values increased. Depending on the specificity of the DP antibodies, including DP in the CPRA was shown to make a substantial difference in all but the highest CPRA categories. Given the addition of a sliding point scale for CPRA and prioritization for the highest CPRA candidates in the new kidney allocation system (KAS), the addition of DP to the CPRA calculation would benefit all candidates with DP antibodies. Download full-size image
Early Women, Late Men: Timing Attitudes and Gender Differences in Marriage

Around the world, women marry earlier than men, but it is not well understood why this gender gap exists. Using panel data collected in Nepal, the authors investigate whether attitudes about marital timing held by unmarried youth and their parents account for women marrying earlier than men. They also examine whether the influence of timing attitudes differs by gender. On average, unmarried youth and their parents viewed 20 to 25 as acceptable ages for women to marry, while ages 23 to 30 were appropriate for men. In turn, women entering the acceptable marriage age range earlier than men accounted for a third of the gender gap in marital timing. The influence of youth and parents' timing attitudes did differ by gender, but only at the extreme. When they were much too young for marriage, both genders were less likely to marry, but this dampening effect was substantially larger for women.
A summary of the imported cases of Chikungunya fever in Japan from 2006 to June 2016.

Background Due to the huge 2-way human traffic between Japan and Chikungunya (CHIK) fever-endemic regions, 89 imported cases of CHIK fever were confirmed in Japan from January 2006 to June 2016. Fifty-four of 89 cases were confirmed virologically and serologically at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan and we present the demographic profiles of the patients and the phylogenetic features of 14 CHIK virus (CHIKV) isolates. Methods Patients were diagnosed with CHIK fever by a combination of virus isolation, viral RNA amplification, IgM antibody-, IgG antibody-, and/or neutralizing antibody detection. The whole-genome sequences of the CHIKV isolates were determined by next-generation sequencing. Results Prior to 2014, the source countries of the imported CHIK fever cases were limited to South and Southeast Asian countries. After 2014, when outbreaks occurred in the Pacific and Caribbean Islands and Latin American countries, there was an increase in the number of imported cases from these regions. A phylogenetic analysis of 14 isolates revealed that four isolates recovered from three patients who returned from Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Angola, belonged to the East/Central/South African genotype, while 10 isolates from 10 patients who returned from Indonesia, the Philippines, Tonga, the Commonwealth of Dominica, Colombia and Cuba, belonged to the Asian genotype. Conclusion Through the phylogenetic analysis of the isolates, we could predict the situations of the CHIK fever epidemics in Indonesia, Angola and Cuba. Although Japan has not yet experienced an autochthonous outbreak of CHIK fever, the possibility of the future introduction of CHIKV through an imported case and subsequent local transmission should be considered, especially during the mosquito-active season. The monitoring and reporting of imported cases will be useful to understand the situation of the global epidemic, to increase awareness of and facilitate the diagnosis of CHIK fever, and to identify a future CHIK fever outbreak in Japan.
Sphagnum compactum in Southern Illinois

Sphagnum compactum DC is rare in southern Illinois with five known locations some 400 km south of sites in northern Illinois. We examined habitat preferences of this species in southern Illinois, where it occurs exclusively on shaded, north-facing sandstone cliff faces and canyons, all just south of the maximum extent of Illinoian glaciation. We consider these populations to be long-lived and perhaps represent isolated relict occurrences of the species. We also report Sphagnum henryense Warnst. new to the area.
Defining Survivorship Trajectories Across Patients With Solid Tumors: An Evidence-Based Approach

Importance Survivorship involves a multidisciplinary approach to surveillance and management of comorbidities and secondary cancers, overseen by oncologists, surgeons, and primary care physicians. Optimal timing and coordination of care, however, is unclear and often based on arbitrary 5-year cutoffs. Objective To determine high- and low-risk periods for all tumor types that could define when survivorship care might best be overseen by oncologists and when to transition to primary care physicians. Design, Setting, and Participants In this pan-cancer, longitudinal, observational study, excess mortality hazard, calculated as an annualized mortality risk above a baseline population, was plotted over time. The time this hazard took to stabilize defined a high-risk period. The percent morality elevation above age- and sex-matched controls in the latter low-risk period was reported as a mortality gap. The US population–based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database defined the cancer population, and the US Census life tables defined controls. Incident cases of patients with cancer were separated into tumor types based on International Classification of Diseases for Oncology definitions. Exposures Population-level data on incident cancer cases was compared with the general US population. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall mortality and cause of death were reported on observed cancer cases. Results A total of 2 317 185 patients (median age, 63 years; 49.8% female) with 66 primary tumor types were evaluated. High-risk surveillance period durations ranged from less than 1 year (breast, prostate, lip, ocular, and parathyroid cancers) up to 19 years (unspecified gastrointestinal cancers). The annualized mortality gap, representing the excess mortality in the stable period, ranged from a median 0.26% to 9.33% excess annual mortality (thyroid and hypopharyngeal cancer populations, respectively). Cluster analysis produced 6 risk cluster groups: group 1, with median survival of 16.2 (5th to 95th percentile range [PR], 10.7-40.2) years and median high-risk period of 2.5 (PR, 0-5.0) years; group 2, 8.3 (PR, 5.1-23.3) and 2.5 (PR, 4.0-8.0) years; group 3, 2.8 (PR, 1.4-3.7) and 7.0 (PR, 6.0-11.1) years; group 4, 1.6 (PR, 1.5-1.8) and 6.0 (PR, 5.1-11.4) years; group 5, 0.8 (PR, 0.5-1.2) and 0.8 (PR, 0.5-1.2) years; and group 6, 0.5 (PR, 0.4-0.8) and 12.0 (PR, 9.3-12.9) years, respectively. Subanalyses of selected tumor types in these groups revealed that stratifying on stage and histologic type can change the risk cluster and guidance for care. Conclusions and Relevance These findings indicate that a standardized 5-year surveillance period is inadequate for some cancers while excessive for others. High-risk cancers require the most resources with the longest high-risk period, highest persistent baseline mortality risk, and longest period of primary cancer mortality, all arguing for longer follow-up with an oncologist in these cancers.
Screws and Robotics for Metrology

The pseudoinverse of a rectangular matrix of modified screws is used to compute the least-squares fit of a set of points that have been measured along a line-profile. Tolerances on line profiles are used to control cross-sectional shapes of parts, such as turbine blades. The specified profile is treated as a moving platform of a hypothetical, redundant, and planar in-parallel-actuated robot, and all the measured points are presumed to be fixed in it. The locations of the linear actuators are represented with screw coordinates, and these are arranged in a matrix equation that relates the three small displacements of the platform to the corresponding deviations (treated as small displacements) of the measured points.
Who Says 'I Do'? (Reviewing Judith Butler & Gayatri Spivak, Who Sings the Nation-State? Language, Politics, Belonging)

This Book Review offers an analogy between two forms of resistance to legal discrimination by marginalized minorities: singing the national anthem in Spanish on the streets of Los Angeles in the spring of 2006 by undocumented immigrants, and possible future public marriage ceremonies by LGBT people and other marriage outlaws. Based on the conceptual grounds laid by Judith Butler and Gayatri Spivak, and earlier by Hannah Arendt, the Review uses an analogy to the public singing of the anthem in Spanish in order to argue that the performance of public marriage ceremonies by LGBT people and other marriage outlaws may achieve two significant political goals: performative contradiction and political speech acts
Determining Subject-Specific Lower-Limb Muscle Architecture Data for Musculoskeletal Models Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Accurate individualized muscle architecture data is crucial for generating subject-specific musculoskeletal models to investigate movement and dynamic muscle function. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (DTI) has emerged as a promising method of gathering muscle architecture data in vivo, however its accuracy in estimating parameters such as muscle fiber lengths for creating subject-specific musculoskeletal models has not been tested. Here we provide a validation of the method of using anatomical MRI and DTI to gather muscle architecture data in vivo, by directly comparing those data obtained from MR scans of 3 human cadaveric lower limbs to those from dissections. DTI was used to measure fiber lengths and pennation angles, while the anatomical images were used to estimate muscle mass, which were used to calculate physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA). The same data were then obtained through dissections, where it was found that on average muscle masses and fiber lengths matched well between the two methods (4% and 1% differences respectively), while PCSA values had slightly larger differences (6%). Overall, these results suggest that DTI is a promising technique to gather in vivo muscle architecture data, but further refinement and complementary imaging techniques may be needed to realize these goals.
Potential protein markers for breast cancer recurrence: a retrospective cohort study

We evaluated five key proteins involved in various cancer-related pathways and assessed their relation to breast cancer recurrence. We used the Kentucky Cancer Registry to retrospectively identify primary invasive breast cancer cases (n = 475) that were diagnosed and treated at University of Kentucky Medical Center between 2000 and 2007. Breast cancer recurrence was observed in 62 cases during the 5-year follow-up after diagnosis. Protein expression or activity level was analyzed from surgery tissue using immuno-histochemical assays. Compared to ER+/PR+/HER2− patients without recurrence, those with recurrence had higher TWIST expression (p = 0.049) but lower ABL1/ABL2 activity (p = 0.003) in primary tumors. We also found that triple-negative breast cancer patients with recurrence had higher SNAI1 expression compared to those without recurrence (p = 0.03). After adjusting for potential confounders, the higher ABL1/ABL2 activity in primary tumors was associated with a decreased risk of recurrence (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.85–0.90) among ER+/PR+/HER2− patients. In addition, among patients with recurrence we observed that the activity level of ABL1/ABL2 was significantly increased in recurrent tumors compared to the matched primary tumors regardless of the subtype (p = 0.013). These findings provide evidence that the expression/activity level of various proteins may be differentially associated with risk of recurrence of breast tumor subtypes.
The (pro)renin receptor: an emerging player in hypertension and metabolic syndrome.

The (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is a multifunctional protein that is expressed in multiple organs. Binding of prorenin/renin to the PRR activates angiotensin II–dependent and angiotensin II–independent pathways. The PRR is also involved in autophagy and Wnt/s catenin signaling, functions that are not contingent on prorenin binding. Emerging evidence suggests that the PRR plays an important role in blood pressure regulation and glucose and lipid metabolism. Herein, we review PRR function in health and disease, with particular emphasis on hypertension and the metabolic syndrome.
The importance of teacher-student relationships for students with emotional and behavioral disorders

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) are at greater risk for academic failure and negative postschool outcomes when compared to other disability categories. It is important to lea...
Interpretations of Probability

The interpretation of probability offered in the preceding chapters is unorthodox in a number of respects. It is a logical interpretation, but it does not satisfy the axioms of the conventional probability calculus (if only because that calculus deals with real numbers, rather than with intervals of them). It involves limiting frequencies, yet probability statements are taken to be logically true, and thus to be devoid of empirical content. Probability is taken to be legislative for rational belief, and thus as a guide in life, but the usual constraints embodied in the requirements of coherence are not satisfied. Since one can hardly claim that those who have spent all or a large part of their lives contemplating the complexities of the use and meaning of probability have been totally blind, it behooves anyone who wants to claim that they are all wrong to show either how they have been plausibly led astray, or how the interpretations they have offered may be construed as special cases of a more general and pervasive interpretation.
A Glimpse into Software Defined Data Center

Existing data centers today are not ready to support IT organizations to meet the ever changing business demands. Therefore, next generation of data center like Software Defined Data Center (SDDC) is explored and expected to come to rescue. However, SDDC is relatively new since its inception in 2012 whereby there are different early interpretations on its definition, criteria, reference architecture and values that SDDC brings. There is also limited literature and sharing on how a SDDC works. The objective of this study is to shed some lights on SDDC operational definition, criteria, reference architecture, and depiction on how SDDC works in three scenarios as well as standardized the values it brings. Moreover, some factors to guide IT organizations on how to adopt SDDC are also discussed. This study has taken a qualitative approach in which SDDC literature is reviewed and some SDDC IT professionals are interviewed. Lastly, limitations of the study, future research and conclusion are also provided.
ECTO-5′-NUCLEOTIDASE (ECTO-5′-NT) CAN USE IMP TO PROVIDE THE TOTAL PURINE REQUIREMENTS OF MITOGEN-STIMULATED HUMAN T CELLS AND HUMAN B LYMPHOBLASTS: 209

The ability of mitogen-stimulated human T cells or human B lymphoblasts to derive their total purine requirements from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP), inosine (HxR), or hypoxanthine (Hx) was compared. Con A-stimulated T cells were treated with aminopterin (Ampt) to inhibit purine synthesis de novo; thymidine (TdR) was added as a source of pyrimidines. Under these conditions, 30 μM IMP, HxR, and Hx showed comparable abilities to support 3H-TdR incorporation into DNA or 3H-leucine incorporation into protein at rates equal to those of untreated control cultures. Similar results were found when azaserine was used to inhibit purine synthesis de novo. In parallel experiments, Ampt inhibited the growth of WI-L2 B lymphoblasts by >95% and this growth inhibition could be overcome by 30 μM IMP, HxR, or Hx (plus TdR). However, with cell line #1254, a derivative of WI-L2 lacking detectable ecto-5'-NT activity, only HxR and Hx (plus TdR), but not IMP (plus TdR), were able to restore the growth inhibition due to Ampt. Thus, the catalytic activity of ecto-5'-NT is sufficient to meet the total purine requirements of mitogen-stimulated human T cells or rapidly-dividing human B lymphoblasts, suggesting that this enzyme could play a role in purine salvage when purine synthesis de novo is limited and/or an extracellular source of purine nucleotides is available. Such conditions might exist in developing thymus, spleen and bone marrow where massive cell death occurs.
The Generativity Mindsets of Chief Executive Officers: A New Perspective on Succession Outcomes

We apply the psychosocial concept of generativity, or one’s outlook toward the next generation, to the context of chief executive officer (CEO) succession. Integrating prior research on generativit...
Impact factor volatility due to a single paper: A comprehensive analysis

We study how a single paper affects the impact factor (IF) of a journal by analyzing data from 3,088,511 papers published in 11639 journals in the 2017 Journal Citation Reports of Clarivate Analyti...
Moiré magnons in twisted bilayer magnets with collinear order

We explore the moir\'e magnon bands in twisted bilayer magnets with next-nearest-neighbor Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, assuming that the out-of-plane collinear magnetic order is preserved under weak interlayer coupling. By calculating the magnonic band structures and the topological Chern numbers for four representative cases, we find that (i) the valley moir\'e bands are extremely flat over a wide range of continuous twist angles, (ii) the topological Chern numbers of the lowest few flat bands vary significantly with the twist angle, and (iii) the lowest few topological flat bands in bilayer antiferromagnets entail nontrivial thermal spin transport in the transverse direction. These properties make twisted bilayer magnets an ideal platform to study the magnonic counterparts of moir\'e electrons, where the statistical distinction between magnons and electrons leads to fundamentally new physical behavior.
The Measurement of Organizational Justice Matters: A Research Note

Objectives: This experiment addressed whether, when administering a survey to police managers, it is best to measure organizational justice using attitudinal questions tapping into perceived importance or behavioral self-reports. Methods: We administered a survey to a national probability sample of police executives using a split-ballot experimental design, where respondents randomly received items measuring either (a) the perceived importance of organizational justice or (b) the self-reported usage of organizational justice. Results: Perceived importance of organizational justice was not significantly associated with the perceived quality of relationships with subordinates. However, actual usage of organizational justice was, increasing the perceived quality of relationships (b = .554, p < .001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that: 1) the measurement of organizational justice matters, and 2) mangers who believe organizational justice is important still sometimes fail to use it. Future research should measure the concept using behavioral reports and should seek to explain this importance-usage gap.