cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isomerization in bent phosphametallocenes: Combining rotational barriers and the intramolecular slip-inversion-slip mechanism to control stereo-conformation

Abstract Four new phosphazirconocenes, [(4,5,6-trihydro-1-phosphapentalenyl)2ZrCl2] (8), [(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-phosphindolyl)2ZrCl2] (9), [(4,5,6,7,8-pentahydro-1-phosphazulenyl)2ZrCl2] (10), (2,4-dimethylphospholyl)2ZrCl2 (11), were prepared and characterized. A crystal structure of [(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-phosphindolyl)2ZrCl2] (9), was obtained that revealed disorder (rac and meso isomers in the same crystal) and demonstrates unambiguously the meso configuration in the bent early transition metal phosphametallocenes. Lacking a spectroscopic probe of the rotational dynamics in phosphametallocenes, propylene polymerization was chosen to provide a record of the stereoselective insertions and by inference insight into the phosphametallocene dynamics. Phosphazirconocenes 8–11 were evaluated, and the rac/meso mixture of [(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-phosphindolyl)2ZrCl2] (9) was found to produce a mixture of isotactic (iPP) and atactic (aPP) polypropylenes. 13C NMR spectral analysis of the stereo-errors contained in the iPP fraction indicated enantiomorphic site control as the source of the stereoselectivity. The rotational dynamics of the η5-phospholyl ligand of the parent phosphazirconocene, [(C4H4P)2ZrCl2], was examined as a first order surrogate of reasonable computing complexity for the catalytically active species. The phosphazirconocene was examined using a restricted Hartree–Fock method with a split basis set of 6-311+G(d,p) for C, H, Cl, P and of LANL2DZ for Zr. The rotational potential energy surface was found to be unsymmetrical with a maximum barrier of 8.8 kcal mol−1, which is about an order of magnitude greater than that reported for Cp2ZrCl2. The projection of the calculated rotational dynamics onto a 1-phosphatetrahydroindenyl system is illustrated. This model leads to an interpretation of the polymerization results and the rotational dynamics in phosphametallocenes.
Carbon Dioxide and pH: Effect on Species Succession of Algae

The author contests previous research results that imply that blue-green algae have a higher affinity for aqueous carbon dioxide than green algae citing evidence that shows growth rate is controlled by pH and total inorganic carbon content rather than carbon dioxide concentration. A second claim concerns the effect of pH on the availability of several algal nutrients.
Chirality in insect chemoreceptors.

Abstract Conditioned honeybee workers can discriminate between enantiomeric pairs which are both congruous and incongruous odorants for human beings. These results are discussed in terms of appropriately chiral chemoreceptors, which would enable honeybee workers to distinguish floral odor sources that differ only in enantiomeric identity.
Securities Analysts and Incumbent Response to Radical Technological Change: Evidence from Digital Photography and Internet Telephony

A large body of research has explored the factors that impede established firms' responses to radical technological changes. While it is widely acknowledged that managers face pressures from financial markets to choose strategies that maximize shareholder value, little work in the technological change literature has considered the possible influences of public equity markets and the securities analysts who mediate them on incumbent firms challenged with technological change. In this paper, I begin to address the topic by empirically exploring how securities analysts react to the different strategies undertaken by incumbent firms faced with radical technological change. I study the question in two settings: the shift to digital technology in photography and the advent of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology in wireline telecommunications. I find evidence that analysts are more attentive and positive toward incumbents' strategies that extend and preserve the existing technology than toward strategies that respond directly to the new technology. In these settings, analysts largely ignore incumbents' strategies that directly incorporate the new technology for several years following the discontinuity. This study provides insights into the nature and direction of analysts' reactions to firms' strategies in the context of technological change, and is a first step toward better understanding of the potential role of analysts' and financial markets in incumbent adaptation.
Asteroids: Stripped on passing by Earth.

Asteroids are weakly bound piles of rubble, and if one comes close to Earth, tides can cause the object to undergo landslides and structural rearrangement. The outcome of this encounter is a body with meteorite-like colours.
Response of the Testes of Purple Sea Urchins to Variations in Temperature and Light

STUDIES on the reproductive activity of the purple sea urchin, S. purpuratus, made during the past eight years at Pacific Grove, California, indicate the presence of an annual breeding cycle, with maximum gonadal activity occurring during the winter months. In the course of the present investigation, designed to examine the effect of latitude on the breeding activity of the sea urchin, it was observed that the sea urchin populations distributed over a 20° latitudinal range have a uniform spawning period. These observations suggest that the reproductive activity of the purple sea urchin might be independent of temperature over a physiological range represented by this distribution. Therefore a photoperiodic response was considered as a possible explanation for the breeding cycles observed.
Designing Scenarios for Controller-in-the-Loop Air Traffic Simulations

Well prepared traffic scenarios contribute greatly to the success of controller-in-the-loop simulations. This paper describes each stage in the design process of realistic scenarios based on real-world traffic, to be used in the Airspace Operations Laboratory for simulations within the Air Traffic Management Technology Demonstration 1 effort. The steps from the initial analysis of real-world traffic, to the editing of individual aircraft records in the scenario file, until the final testing of the scenarios before the simulation conduct, are all described. The iterative nature of the design process and the various efforts necessary to reach the required fidelity, as well as the applied design strategies, challenges, and tools used during this process are also discussed.
Variations in the Leu7+ and LeuM3+ leukocyte subpopulations observed in cluster headache are dependent on HLA-DR antigens.

SYNOPSIS The subpopulations of T-lymphocytes and monocytes were studied in 21 Episodic Cluster Headache (ECH) patients, both in and out of the crisis. The following MoAb of the Becton-Dickinson series were used: Leu1 (pan T cells), Leu2a (suppressor/cytotoxic cells), Leu3a (helper cells), Leu7 (NK cells) and LeuM3 (monocytes). All the subjects were typed for the HLA-A,B,C and DR antigens of the Human Major Histocompatibility Complex. 10 patients out of 21 were DR5+. Thus, two groups could be distinguished: DR5 + patients and DR5- patients. We correlated the variations of the leukocyte subpopulations in and out of the crises with the two groups, since HLA-DR antigens are related to the immune response. A significant increase of the LeuM3 + cells during the crisis was observed in DR5- group (26.2 ± 7.7 vs 18.3 ± 7.1; p < 0.05). In the DR5 + group there was an increase of the Leu7 + cells during the crisis (18.1 ± 6.7 vs 12.7 ± 4.9; p < 0.05) whereas outside of the crisis the LeuM3 + subpopulation increased (21.9 ± 7.6 vs 18.3 ± 7.1; p < 0.02) in the same group. The observed values of the leukocyte subpopulations studied (difference between the data of crisis and out of it) in the two groups were not significantly different. These data confirm our previous studies on Leu7+ and LeuM3 + subsets in ECH patients. Moreover, they allow new speculation about a possible role of Class II antigens (HLA-DR) in ECH.
Reduced preference for alcohol during pregnancy and following lactation in rats.

The present study was conducted to examine alcohol preference in rats during cohabitation, pregnancy, lactation, and post-lactation. Nine females who became pregnant and nine who served as controls were compared on their daily consumption of 0.01 M saccharine solution and a 0.01 M saccharine solution containing 5% ethanol (v/v) throughout the study. Alcohol preference ratios (alcohol solution/total fluid consumed) were significantly lower in the pregnant (p<0.01) and the 32-day post-lactation period (p<0.01).
Diogenes the Cynic among the fourth century Fathers

L'A. cherche a montrer l'influence de la philosophie de Diogene le Cynique sur les Peres de l'Eglise au IV e siecle de notre ere. Il considere les attitudes diverses des ecrivains chretiens, dans la deuxieme moitie du siecle, face aux traditions rapportees sur le philosophe de Sinope et sa pensee. Les principes cyniques, d'abord absorbes par le stoicisme, n'ont pas ete rejetes par les chretiens mais ceux-ci ont su les integrer a leur pensee propre
The culture of Claviceps purpurea. IV. Lipogenesis.

The relationship of time and variation in media and the resulting effect on lipid formation in submerged culture are discussed. The data indicate that the type of reaction vessel, together with the carbon source, limited growth weight and the formation of lipid material. A gradual increase in the initial concentration of carbon from two to eight per cent, showed a gradual increase in lipid concentration. Certain additives produced a variety of effects on the accumulation of lipids.
Providing haptic feedback using the kinect

Interpreting surroundings through the senses often relies on visual channels for a full interpretation of the environment. Our approach substitutes this use of vision by integrating haptic feedback with the sensory data from the depth camera system packaged within the Microsoft Kinect.
Study of electron transfer at semiconductor-liquid interfaces addressing the full system electronic structure

Abstract We present new models and simulations for electron transfer (ET) at the semiconductor-liquid interface. Apparently for the first time, we present “first principles” molecular dynamics simulations of this interface which address its full electronic structure (a water /InP/Fe(H2O) 2+ 3+ 6 ET system is primarily addressed). Our formalism is capable of describing in detail the semiconductor/liquid/redox species system and its real world complications. The shortcomings of conventional models are clearly highlighted. We also report a new Anderson Hamiltonian based ET theory (ABETT) model which includes full energy dependence. We relate our ABETT to molecular orbital theory, compare it to simulation results, and reexamine other ABETTs in light of our findings. We view many fundamental physical features of our models as new. Many are entirely unaccounted for in conventional models of the semiconductor-liquid interface. Our results have quite general implications for solid-liquid interface ET.
Detection of reactive intermediates from and characterization of biomass char by laser pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectroscopy

Abstract In this paper representative samples of four differing types of biomass char are studied and contrasted in terms of their solid state char chemistry and liberated organic compounds on rapid heating by laser pyrolysis. Specifically, we investigate Avicel cellulose, citrus peel pectin, birch wood xylan and organosolv lignin. These substrates are studied in their uncharred form as well as after charring for 1/2 and 1 h at 200 and 375 °C. Char yields and CHO analyses are reported. Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy, DRIFTS, is used to contrast and follow the progress of charring. DRIFTS of the biomass char reveals similarities between lignin and cellulose chars and between pectin and xylan chars based on hydroxyl and carbonyl stretches. Laser pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectroscopy, LPMBMS, is used to probe both the solid state chemistry of the chars and the organic compounds released on rapid heating. The stability of the biomasses to charring is lignin>cellulose>xylan>pectin. On charring for longer times cellulose produces larger molecular weight PAH, whereas lignin, pectin and xylan produce smaller molecular weight PAH, however, xylan and pectin produce somewhat larger molecular weight PAH in smaller quantities at intermediate temperatures. These differences are rationalized in terms of the ability of the aromatic structures in the chars to anneal into larger condensed ring structures, and the possible influence of hydrogen bonding, both in the biomass and in the char, on this annealing.
Net-eigen MAC: A new MIMO MAC solution for interference-oriented concurrent link communications

Interference-oriented concurrent link communications are designed as using each link's TX/RX beamforming vectors to null co-channel interference on existing links. Representative solutions in this area mainly include SPACEMAC and NullHoc protocols, which inherently rely on zero-forcing beamforming vectors and are not efficient in the sense that they only null the interference on existing links, but have little consideration for SNR maximization within the desired link. Motivated by this critical observation, in this paper we will present a new concurrent link solution, named as Net-Eigen MAC, which not only nulls the interference on existing links, but also maximizes the post-processing SNR within the desired link. Particularly, we implement above design objective via three sequential steps: (i) initial TX vector derivation that nulls interference on existing links; (ii) RX side whitening filter that transforms spatial colored interference into white Guassian noise; and (iii) TX/RX vector updating and eigen-value derivation for post-processing SNR maximization within the desired link. To demonstrate our proposed design, we first present a theoretical framework describing the mathematical principle of Net-Eigen MAC. Then we further propose a distributed handshaking process that implements the Net-Eigen MAC in a realistic way. Simulation results verify that our Net-Eigen MAC can guarantee each link's throughput to be no less than single link MAC's counterpart. And its ergodic link throughput is 28% higher than that of single link MAC or SPACEMAC.
Effects of music therapy on spirituality with patients on a medical oncology/hematology unit: A mixed-methods approach

Abstract Despite considerable interest in the potential relationship between oncology and spirituality, it remains unclear how the spiritual wellbeing of patients is best addressed in health care environments. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of three music therapy doses on spirituality in patients on a medical oncology/hematology unit (N = 17). The researchers measured participants’ faith, peace, and meaning by using the FACIT-Sp. tool ( Brady, Peterman, Fitchett, Mo, & Cella, 1999 ) at pre- and posttest during a randomized controlled design. The researchers also incorporated interviews from patients concerning potential effects of music therapy and spirituality. Quantitative results indicated significant between-group differences in peace and faith subscales, with participants in the music therapy condition having higher posttest means than participants in the control condition. Qualitative data tended to support the importance of music therapy in meeting spiritual needs: Results of a thematic analysis indicated music therapy helped participants feel closer to God and elevated their moods. Consistent with the literature base, participants noted that that spiritual needs should indeed be addressed during a person's time at the hospital. Limitations of the study, areas for future investigation, and implications for clinical practice are provided.
Estimating the number of stranger-abduction homicides of children: A review of available evidence

This article attempts to derive estimates of the incidence of stranger-abduction homicide of children from six existing data sources. Also presented are the results of a separate analysis of abduction-related statistics on children contained in the Comprehensive Homicide File for the nine-year period 1976-1984. Methodological problems in existing data sources are identified, and results are discussed in relation to the issue of missing children.
The effect of motor activity on the reactivity of single visual units in the crayfish.

Metal microelectrodes were chronically implanted in the optic nerve and circumesophageal commissure of the crayfish. The activity from single units was recorded in freely moving animals, and responsiveness to visual stimuli was found correlated with motor activity of the animal. The lowest firing rate corresponded to states of quietness and the highest to fighting reactions. The two types of visual units studied showed a different degree of modulation. The sustaining fibers, which signal the intensity of illumination, were facilitated at all levels of motor excitation. The movement fibers, which are phasic units, reacted to great enhancements of motor activity by an increased number of spikes in each response to movement, and by a lowering in the rate of “habituation.” This facilitatory influence is neural in origin, presumably conveyed by the “activity” fibers, which run efferently in the optic nerve, carrying information about movement of the various body parts.
Capital Switching and the Built Environment: United States, 1970–89

In this paper, a ‘weak’ test of the capital-switching argument developed by David Harvey is offered. With data on construction investment activity for the USA and on various alternative investments, a temporal analysis was used to assess whether evidence exists for the movement of capital from the primary to the secondary circuit. The investigation is focused specifically on the building boom of the 1980s, as that expansion has been the focus of recent theoretical and empirical work centered on the relation between urbanization and the restructuring of capital. Little support was found for the claim that capital switching has occurred, but the data do point to a delinking of real-estate investment from nonspeculative investment criteria and use-value considerations.
Sendai virus DI RNA species with conserved virus genome termini and extensive internal deletions.

Abstract Ten species of RNA from Sendai virus DI particles had apparent molecular weights corresponding to 9 to 30% of the virus genome. In every DI RNA, most of the RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides were from the L gene at the 5′ end of the genome, and they formed an overlapping series, indicating that all of these DI RNA species possess common 5′-terminal sequences. The unusual feature possessed by nine of the DI RNAs was the presence of one to four oligonucleotides from the 3′ region of the genome, representing the putative leader RNA template and/or part of the adjacent NP gene. No RNA species contained any of the oligonucleotides representing the remaining virus genes (P, M, F 0 , or HN) between NP and L on the genetic map. Therefore, the majority of Sendai virus DI RNAs are extensively deleted internally, but they retain sequences proximal to (and probably including) the 3' and 5′ termini of the virus genome. We propose the term “fusion DI RNAs” for these species, since 3′ sequences of the NP gene are fused to 5′ sequences of the L gene, erasing all transcription termination signals. This sequence arrangement may explain the replication advantage possessed by these DI RNA species.
Why a scientific realist cannot be a functionalist

According to functionalism, mental state types consist solely in relations to inputs, outputs, and other mental states. I argue that two central claims of a prominent and plausible type of scientific realism conflict with the functionalist position. These claims are that natural kinds in a mature science are not reducible to natural kinds in any other, and that all dispositional features of natural kinds can be explained at the type-level. These claims, when applied to psychology, have the consequence that at least some mental state types consist not merely in relations to inputs, outputs, and other mental states, but also in nonrelational properties that play a role in explaining functional relations. Consequently, a scientific realist of the sort I describe must reject functionalism.
Kin28, the TFIIH-Associated Carboxy-Terminal Domain Kinase, Facilitates the Recruitment of mRNA Processing Machinery to RNA Polymerase II

The cotranscriptional placement of the 7-methylguanosine cap on pre-mRNA is mediated by recruitment of capping enzyme to the phosphorylated carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. Immunoblotting suggests that the capping enzyme guanylyltransferase (Ceg1) is stabilized in vivo by its interaction with the CTD and that serine 5, the major site of phosphorylation within the CTD heptamer consensus YSPTSPS, is particularly important. We sought to identify the CTD kinase responsible for capping enzyme targeting. The candidate kinases Kin28-Ccl1, CTDK1, and Srb10-Srb11 can each phosphorylate a glutathione S-transferase-CTD fusion protein such that capping enzyme can bind in vitro. However, kin28 mutant alleles cause reduced Ceg1 levels in vivo and exhibit genetic interactions with a mutant ceg1 allele, while srb10 or ctk1 deletions do not. Therefore, only the TFIIH-associated CTD kinase Kin28 appears necessary for proper capping enzyme targeting in vivo. Interestingly, levels of the polyadenylation factor Pta1 are also reduced in kin28 mutants, while several other polyadenylation factors remain stable. Pta1 in yeast extracts binds specifically to the phosphorylated CTD, suggesting that this interaction may mediate coupling of polyadenylation and transcription.
Will there be a tipping point in medical nutrition education

The title of this presentation is derived from a national bestseller that defines the moment when an idea, trend, or social behavior crosses a threshold, "tips," and becomes widely disseminated. Three key tipping-point factors are discussed in the context of medical nutrition education. The Law of Few has to do with the essentiality of role models in directing educational curricula and clinical programs. The Stickiness Factor describes the quality and the content of the message that enable the information to have prolonged meaning. The Power of Context refers to the conditions and risk factors that are directly affected by diet and nutrition. Examples of these key factors are provided with a look to the future of medical nutrition education.
Texture and tractability: the framework for spatial policy analysis in the World Development Report 2009

Development is accompanied by significant spatial transformations—changes in the distribution of people and economic activities. The World Development Report 2009 Reshaping Economic Geography draws lessons from history and academic research to develop a concise framework for understanding these dynamics. This framework makes rigorous spatial policy analysis tractable. But it has been criticize—mostly by geographer—for ignoring the ‘‘importance of place.’’ This paper explains why it is necessary to draw out common patterns in the development experience of different countries even if this requires generalization and simplification. Recent applications at the urban, national and regional level demonstrate how the framework accommodates contextual and place specific information to ensure the relevance of applied policy analysis.
Membrane assembly: Posttranslational insertion of M13 procoat protein into E. coli membranes and its proteolytic conversion to coat protein in vitro

The major coat protein (gene 8 product) of bacteriophage M13 is an integral membrane protein during infection of host cells. It is synthesized as a larger precursor (procoat) with a leader sequence of 23 amino acids at its amino terminus. In vivo studies have shown that procoat only inserts into the host-cell plasma membrane after its synthesis is completed. We now demonstrate that procoat can post-translationally insert into inverted cytoplasmic membrane vesicles from E. coli and can be processed proteolytically to yield coat protein. Procoat changes from an assembly-competent substrate to an incompetent (denatured) form within minutes after its synthesis; much of the procoat that accumulates during an hour of in vitro synthesis is therefore denatured. These studies emphasize the importance of stringent criteria for the demonstration of obligate cotranslational assembly.
Palmitate potentiation of glucose-induced insulin release: a study using 2-bromopalmitate.

The mechanisms whereby fatty acids (FA) potentiate glucose-induced insulin secretion from the pancreatic β cell are incompletely understood. In this study, the effects of palmitate on insulin secretion were investigated in isolated rat islets. Palmitate did not initiate insulin secretion at nonstimulatory glucose concentrations, but markedly stimulated insulin release at concentrations of glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L. At concentrations of palmitate ≥0.5 mmol/L, the important determinant of the potency of the FA was its unbound concentration. At total concentrations ≤ 0.5 mmol/L, both the total and unbound concentrations appeared important. Surprisingly, 2-bromopalmitate did not affect palmitate oxidation, but significantly diminished palmitate esterification into cellular lipids. Neither methyl palmitate, which is not activated into a long-chain acyl-CoA ester, nor 2-bromopalmitate affected glucose-stimulated insulin release. Further, 2-bromopalmitate partly inhibited the potentiating effect of palmitate. These results support the concept that FA potentiation of insulin release is mediated by FA-derived signals generated in the esterification pathway.
Tunable laser diode study of the ν3 band of SiF4 near 9.7 μm

Doppler-limited tunable-diode laser spectra of the stretching fundamental nu/sub 3/ of /sup 28/SiF/sub 4/ near 1031 cm/sup -1/ were analyzed and the spectroscopic constants determined. The nu/sub 3/ vibrational dipole moment derivative was determined for several rovibrational lines. 3 tables.
Sugar Efflux from Attached Seed Coats of Glycine max (L.) Men.

Ellis, E. C. and Spanswick, R. M. 1987. Sugar efflux from attached seed coats of Glycine max (L.) Merr.-J. exp. Bot. 38: 1470-1483. Sugar efflux (sucrose + glucose) from attached seed coats of Glycine max (L.) Merr. was measured at high sampling rates to improve the kinetic characterization of seed coat exudation. This study confirms that sugar efflux in seed coats has at least two components, and demonstrates that the concentration of mannitol osmoticum bathing the seed coat may influence one or both of these components. High leaf irradiance increased sugar efflux relative to a low leaf irradiance at the same mannitol concentration. A high concentration of mannitol (500 mol m~3) enhanced sugar efflux relative to a medium concentration (100 mol m~3) under both high and low leaf irradiance. A low mannitol concentration (10 mol m~3) stimulated sugar efflux (relative to 100 mol m~3) to a greater extent when leaf irradiance was high. Rapid changes in mannitol concentration produced immediate stimulations of sugar efflux. Effects of osmoticum on sugar efflux are explained by simultaneous turgor-mediated effects on import of sucrose by the phloem and retrieval of apoplastic sucrose, presumably by seed coat parenchyma. Key words—Glycine max, seed coat, turgor-sensitive transport, assimilate transport.
Detecting inappropriate access to electronic health records using collaborative filtering

Many healthcare facilities enforce security on their electronic health records (EHRs) through a corrective mechanism: some staff nominally have almost unrestricted access to the records, but there is a strict ex post facto audit process for inappropriate accesses, i.e., accesses that violate the facility's security and privacy policies. This process is inefficient, as each suspicious access has to be reviewed by a security expert, and is purely retrospective, as it occurs after damage may have been incurred. This motivates automated approaches based on machine learning using historical data. Previous attempts at such a system have successfully applied supervised learning models to this end, such as SVMs and logistic regression. While providing benefits over manual auditing, these approaches ignore the identity of the users and patients involved in a record access. Therefore, they cannot exploit the fact that a patient whose record was previously involved in a violation has an increased risk of being involved in a future violation. Motivated by this, in this paper, we propose a collaborative filtering inspired approach to predicting inappropriate accesses. Our solution integrates both explicit and latent features for staff and patients, the latter acting as a personalized "fingerprint" based on historical access patterns. The proposed method, when applied to real EHR access data from two tertiary hospitals and a file-access dataset from Amazon, shows not only significantly improved performance compared to existing methods, but also provides insights as to what indicates an inappropriate access.
Plasma RNA as an alternative to cells for monitoring molecular response in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.

Background and Objectives : Quantitation of BCR-ABL mRNA is emerging as the standard of care to monitor the status of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Peripheral blood plasma was analyzed in this study because of previous detection of nucleic acids and proteins from tumor cells in plasma samples.Design and Methods : Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to establish ratios of BCR-ABL:ABL mRNA in peripheral blood cells and plasma, and absolute levels of BCR-ABL mRNA per unit volume of plasma. Samples from 160 CML patients and 180 control individuals without CML were tested. Cells and plasma samples from 93 of the CML patients were re-analyzed 3–12 months after imatinib treatment.Results : Ratios of BCR-ABL:ABL mRNA in paired cell and plasma samples of the 160 CML patients correlated significantly (r=0.83; p
Yersinia enterocolitica type III secretion of YopR requires a structure in its mRNA

Yersinia type III secretion machines transport substrate proteins into the extracellular medium or into the cytoplasm of host cells. Translational hybrids, involving genes that encode substrates as well as reporter proteins that otherwise cannot travel the type III pathway, identified signals that promote transport of effector Yops into host cells. Signals for the secretion of substrates into high calcium media were hitherto unknown. By exploiting attributes of translational hybrids between yopR, whose product is secreted, and genes that encode impassable proteins that jam the secretion machine, we isolated yopR mutations that abolish substrate recognition. Similar to effector Yops, an N-terminal or 5' signal in codons 1-11 is required to initiate YopR into the type III pathway. YopR secretion cannot be completed and translational hybrids cannot impose a block without a second signal, positioned at codons 131-149. Silent mutations in the second signal abrogate function and the phenotype of other mutations can be suppressed by secondary mutations predicted to restore base complementary in a 3' stem-loop structure of the yopR mRNA.
Application of statistical experimental design to the development of a one micron CMOS process

The concepts of statistical experimental design have been applied to the development of a 1- mu m CMOS process for the manufacturing of integrated circuits with optimized performance, while maintaining sufficient margin for both manufacturability and reliability as design goals. The application of these concepts, along with the use of an expert system (RS/Discover) as the basis for selection, design, and analysis of each experiment, is discussed. Examples are presented of the characterization of short-channel MOSFETs developed using the RS/Discover system as the basis for experimental design. Examples of parametric targeting, process optimization, and sensitivity analysis are given. >
Characteristics of the muscularis mucosae in the acid-secreting region of the rabbit stomach

It has been suggested that muscularis mucosae excitation may augment gastric acid secretion, implying that this muscle should contract to secretagogues or stimulation of its motor innervation. The ...
Relation between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and all-cause mortality at two years in an unselected population referred for coronary angiography

Abstract Background Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), a numerical measure of the variability in size of circulating erythrocytes, has recently been shown to be a strong predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure and in patients with prior myocardial infarction but no symptomatic heart failure at baseline, even after adjustment for hematocrit. However, there are no data in other cardiac populations, including patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Methods The present study investigated the long-term prognostic significance of baseline RDW in a well-characterized cohort of 389 male patients who were referred to coronary angiography for a variety of indications. All patients were followed prospectively for all-cause mortality, and data regarding this endpoint was available for 97% of the population at 24 months. Results After controlling for a variety of baseline variables (including hemoglobin and the presence of heart failure), RDW (analyzed as a categorical variable comparing the upper tertile of baseline values to the lower two levels combined) was a strong and independent predictor of all-cause mortality using a Cox proportional hazards model [hazard ratio (HR) 2.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50–4.84, p =0.0008]. In addition, baseline RDW was also an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in the non-anemic (HR 4.73, 95% CI 2.06–10.86, p =0.0003) and ACS (HR 2.90, 95% CI 1.32–6.38, p =0.0082) subpopulations of patients. Conclusions These data demonstrate that elevated RDW is a strong and independent predictor of all-cause mortality in an unselected population of male patients across a broad spectrum of risk (including ACS) referred for coronary angiography.
Genetic Causes of Delayed Puberty

Genetic conditions account for about 20 % of cases of delayed puberty in females. A number of congenital or genetic syndromes are associated with delayed puberty. Patients present with either hypogonadotropic hypogonadism or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. A full evaluation is indicated in all patients with delayed puberty to correctly identify the cause. The main causes of delayed puberty due to a genetic etiology include isolated gonadotropin deficiency and gonadal dysgenesis. Due to the lack of estrogen production, patients require hormone replacement in order to achieve breast development and eventually start menstruation. In addition, growth hormone is indicated for some cases and it is the standard of care for females with Turner syndrome. Finally, a multidisciplinary approach is recommended for all patients with delayed puberty to optimize growth and development.
Enteric Infection Acts as an Adjuvant for the Response to a Model Food Antigen

Oral administration of soluble protein Ags typically induces Ag-specific systemic nonresponsiveness. However, we have found that feeding a model food protein, OVA, to helminth-infected mice primes for a systemic OVA-specific Th2 response. In this report we show that, in addition to creating a Th2-priming cytokine environment, helminth infection up-regulates costimulatory molecule expression on mucosal, but not peripheral, APCs. To examine the consequences of mucosal infection for the T cell response to orally administered Ag, we adoptively transferred transgenic, OVA-specific, T cells into normal mice. We found that helminth infection enhances the expansion and survival of transgenic T cells induced by Ag feeding. Transfer of 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeled donor cells showed that T cell proliferation in response to Ag feeding takes place primarily in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Upon subsequent peripheral exposure to Ag in adjuvant, the proliferative capacity of the transferred transgenic T cells was reduced in noninfected mice that had been fed OVA. Helminth infection abrogated this reduction in proliferative capacity. Our data suggests that enteric infection can act as an adjuvant for the response to dietary Ags and has implications for allergic responses to food and the efficacy of oral vaccination.
Study and redesign of the NSCL K500 central region

The proposed K500-K1200 cyclotron coupling project calls for a redesign of both the inflector and central region of the K500. An increased injection voltage will be needed to reduce space charge effects in the higher intensity beam. In order to obtain stripping injection matching with the K1200, the K500 will operate in the second harmonic RF mode. To meet the requirements of this higher energy beam (and new RF mode) a new spiral inflector and central region geometry were designed. Results of beam orbit calculations and experimental data concerning phase selection and central region acceptance will be presented.
‘Now can I watch my video?’: Exploring musical play through video sharing and social networking in an early childhood music class

The purpose of this research was to explore factors influencing musical play of preschool children in home and class settings through the use of video sharing by parents and teacher in an early childhood music course. Six families, all of whom had participated in at least one semester of prior research, attended a 45-minute music class each week for nine weeks and completed and documented assignments via a private online social network. Research questions explored musical play-enhancing and play-inhibiting factors as identified by parents, teacher, and outside observers, and how the behaviors varied across settings. Data included field notes, parent-written posts on the social network site, video footage of children in home and community settings, class video, and transcripts of exit interviews. Results of qualitative data analysis suggested that the expression of child’s agency was a key element in play-enhancing behaviors; adult involvement fell into both categories, but was more often play-enhancing wh...
Proteomic analysis of hyperdynamic mouse hearts with enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling

SPECIFIC AIMSSince depressed sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca cycling is a hallmark of human and experimental heart failure, strategies to improve this impairment by decreasing phospholamban (PLN) activity have been implicated as promising therapeutic approaches. Indeed, ablation of the PLN gene in mice has been associated with greatly enhanced SR Ca cycling and cardiac contractility. To determine whether PLN ablation was associated with any modification of myocardial proteins, we performed a proteomics-based analysis of PLN knockout (PLN-KO) hearts using 2-D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry.PRINCIPAL FINDINGSProtein expression profilingVentricular proteins from PLN-KO and wild-type (WT) mice were processed in parallel, loaded onto pH 3–10 immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips, and subjected to 2-DE. Image analysis software detected ∼1100 spots on each SYPRO-stained gel and the images were analyzed for quantitative spot comparisons using Z3® 2-D software. Raw master gel (RMG) images were firs...
The Effects of Ulnar Axial Malalignment on Supination and Pronation

Background: Forearm fractures are common injuries in both adults and children. Despite efforts to obtain anatomical alignment, axial rotational malunions occur, resulting in a decreased range of motion and a poor appearance. The objective of this study was to quantify loss of forearm rotation after simulation of ulnar malunions in supination and pronation. Methods: Six fresh-frozen cadaveric upper extremities (mean age at the time of death, 79.4 ± 2.8 years) were used to quantify loss of forearm rotation after simulation of axial rotational malunions of the ulna. First, maximum forearm rotation in supination and pronation was measured at torques of 6.8, 13.6, and 20.4 kilograms-centimeter applied with use of a custom jig. Following a midshaft ulnar osteotomy, a custom adjustable internal fixation plate was used to simulate axial rotational malunions of the ulna of 0, 15, 30, and 45 degrees in both directions. Measurements in supination and pronation were then repeated at the prespecified torques. Analysis of variance, with a p value of 0.05, was used for statistical analysis. Results: In all instances, a decrease in forearm rotation after simulation of the ulnar rotational malunion was accompanied by an increase in rotation in the opposite direction. Supination and pronation were significantly influenced, whereas the total arc of rotation was not affected by ulnar rotational malunion. At a torque of 20.4 kilograms-centimeter, pronation malunions of 15, 30, and 45 degrees resulted in a mean loss of supination (and standard error of the mean) of 5 ± 1, 11 ± 1, and 20 ± 1 degrees, respectively, and supination malunions of 15, 30, and 45 degrees resulted in a mean loss of pronation of 4 ± 1, 10 ± 2, and 18 ± 4 degrees, respectively. The ratio of the simulated rotational malunion to the loss of motion was larger than one. Conclusions: Ulnar rotational malunions do not lead to a significant change in the total arc of forearm rotation. Instead, loss of motion in one direction is accompanied by increased motion in the opposite direction. Even with a 45-degree ulnar rotational malunion, forearm rotation decreases no more than 20 degrees. Clinical Relevance: Ulnar rotational malunions have less effect on forearm rotation than that reported after radial malunions. This may be a consideration when treating forearm fractures or correcting rotational malunion of the forearm.
Energy Efficiency-Delay Tradeoffs in CDMA Networks: A Game-Theoretic Approach

A game-theoretic approach for studying energy efficiency-delay tradeoffs in multiple-access networks is proposed. Focusing on the uplink of a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) network, a noncooperative game is considered in which each user seeks to choose a transmit power that maximizes its own utility while satisfying its (transmission) delay requirements. The utility function measures the number of reliable bits transmitted per joule of energy and the user's delay constraint is modeled as an upper bound on the delay outage probability. The Nash equilibrium for the proposed game is derived, and its existence and uniqueness are proved. Using a large-system analysis, explicit expressions for the utilities achieved at equilibrium are obtained for the matched filter, decorrelating and (linear) minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) multiuser detectors. The effects of delay quality-of-service (QoS) constraints on the users' utilities (in bits per joule) and network capacity (i.e., the maximum number of users that can be supported) are quantified. Using the proposed framework, the tradeoffs between energy efficiency and delay are quantified in a competitive multiuser setting.
Encoding auditory scenes with a population of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons

Furthermore, we formalize intelligibility as an invariant with respect to transformations in the auditory system. We estimate the auditory signal at different layers of the encoding and auditory processing architecture. Estimation error arises from two sources: the intrinsic deviation in the phase approximation of the HodgkinHuxley neurons and noise due to large scale numerical evaluations. Intelligibility tests are performed on the reconstructed speech stimuli. We find that a small subset of neurons lacks the collective firing frequency needed to encapsulate a high degree of intelligibility of typical auditory scenes, whereas a large population of neurons approximately yields the original sound. This work establishes that models of the auditory system that exhibit a sufficiently large population of biologically plausible neurons and broad filterbank support, maintain the intelligibility of natural and synthetic sound stimuli. For weak auditory stimuli, Hodgkin-Huxley neurons encode sounds with approximately the same intelligibility as Integrate-and-Fire neurons and can thereby be interchangeably used in computational modeling.
Bullying among Children with Autism and the Influence of Comorbidity with ADHD: A Population-Based Study

Objective Bullying is a significant problem among school-age children. The prevalence and predictors of bullying among children with autism are not known. The objectives of this population-based study were to: (1) estimate the prevalence of bullying among children with autism in the United States, (2) determine whether the presence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder/attention-deficit disorder (ADHD/ADD) increases prevalence of bullying among children with autism, and (3) determine risk factors of bullying behavior among children with autism. Methods The National Survey of Children's Health, 2003 (NSCH), provided nationally representative data for children ages 4 to 17. We used multivariate logistic regression and Wald tests to determine whether children with autism were more likely to bully in the presence of ADHD/ADD. Taylor approximations were used to account for the complex sampling design. Results Children with autism had a high prevalence of bullying (44%, 95% confidence interval, 34–55). Parent report of ADHD/ADD appears to moderate the relationship between bullying and autism. Children with autism who did not have ADHD/ADD were not at greater risk for bullying compared with the general population. Children with autism and ADHD/ADD had increased odds of bullying (odds ratio 4.6, 95% confidence interval 2.4–8.6), even after controlling for household income, age, and gender. In addition to ADHD/ADD, living in a low-income household and younger age were risk factors for bullying among children with autism. Being female, however, did not decrease the risk of bullying in the autistic subpopulation. Conclusions Children with autism and ADHD/ADD appear to be at increased risk for bullying behaviors.
Do African Voters Favor Coethnics? Evidence from a Survey Experiment in Benin

Journal of Experimental Political Science http://journals.cambridge.org/XPS Additional services for Journal of Experimental Political Science: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Do African Voters Favor Coethnics? Evidence from a Survey Experiment in Benin Claire L. Adida Journal of Experimental Political Science / Volume 2 / Issue 01 / March 2015, pp 1 - 11 DOI: 10.1017/XPS.2014.26, Published online: 01 April 2015 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S2052263014000268 How to cite this article: Claire L. Adida (2015). Do African Voters Favor Coethnics? Evidence from a Survey Experiment in Benin. Journal of Experimental Political Science, 2, pp 1-11 doi:10.1017/XPS.2014.26 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/XPS, IP address: 132.239.207.137 on 23 Jul 2015
The Evolving Doctrine of Involuntary Sterilization: From Buck v. Bell to Skinner v. Oklahoma to the Present Day -- With Model Law Indicating Legislative Recommendation.

This article presents an overview of (1) The history of eugenics and involuntary sterilization in the early 1900s in the United States, (2) A detailed examination in the Buck v. Bell cases leading to and including the U.S. Supreme Court case that declared the practice to be legal, (3) A detailed examination of the Skinner v. State of Oklahoma cases leading to and including the U.S. Supreme Court case that began to limit the practice of involuntary sterilization and declared the right of reproduction to be a fundamental right, (4) A consideration of factors in deciding the issue of involuntary sterilization, and (5) A model statute for present involuntary sterilization statutory law.