cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Descriptive Data Analysis Examining How Standardized Assessments Are Used to Guide Post–Acute Discharge Recommendations for Rehabilitation Services After Stroke

Background Use of standardized assessments in acute rehabilitation is continuing to grow, a key objective being to assist clinicians in determining services needed postdischarge. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine how standardized assessment scores from initial acute care physical therapist and occupational therapist evaluations contribute to discharge recommendations for poststroke rehabilitation services. Design A descriptive analysis was conducted. Methods A total of 2,738 records of patients admitted to an acute care hospital with a diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack were identified. Participants received an initial physical therapist and occupational therapist evaluation with standardized assessments and a discharge recommendation of home with no services, home with services, inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF), or skilled nursing facility (SNF). A K-means clustering algorithm determined if it was feasible to categorize participants into the 4 groups based on their assessment scores. These results were compared with the physical therapist and occupational therapist discharge recommendations to determine if assessment scores guided postacute care recommendations. Results Participants could be separated into 4 clusters (A, B, C, and D) based on assessment scores. Cluster A was the least impaired, followed by clusters B, C, and D. In cluster A, 50% of the participants were recommended for discharge to home without services, whereas 1% were recommended for discharge to an SNF. Clusters B, C, and D each had a large proportion of individuals recommended for discharge to an IRF (74%–80%). There was a difference in percentage of recommendations across the clusters that was largely driven by the differences between cluster A and clusters B, C, and D. Limitations Additional unknown factors may have influenced the discharge recommendations. Conclusions Participants poststroke can be classified into meaningful groups based on assessment scores from their initial physical therapist and occupational therapist evaluations. These assessment scores, in part, guide poststroke acute care discharge recommendations.
Intravitreal triamcinolone for cancer-associated retinopathy refractory to systemic therapy.

The purpose of this study is to report the use of intravitreal triamcinolone for treatment of cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) refractory to systemic therapy. This was a retrospective chart review study. A 67-year-old man presented with cancer-associated retinopathy with antibodies against a 46-kDa retinal protein, alpha enolase. There was disease progression despite therapy with mycophenolate and intravenous immunoglobulin. Serial intravitreal injections of triamcinolone resulted in restoration of photoreceptor anatomy on optical coherence tomography and visual improvement. The patient’s vision was preserved at 20/40 OD and 20/32 OS until his death from lung cancer 31 months after CAR diagnosis. Intravitreal triamcinolone may be beneficial for maintenance of vision in patients with CAR.
Lessons From A Dominican Republic Field Study

Utilizing student-centered pedagogy, this case study explores an increasingly prominent and instructive addition to traditional academic coursework - the field study experience. This is particularly true in the arena of environmental education where students learn best by experiencing environmental problems first-hand and then interacting with those involved. From a teaching methods and styles perspective, then, this paper espouses a mix of experiential and active learning strategies. The central message of this essay, however, is curriculum-based, to report on an engaging two-week field trip to examine sustainable development in the Dominican Republic. From this report, the analysis highlights student feedback mechanisms, such as formal class journals, traditional course evaluations, and informal oral consultations with students, both during and after the field study as the basis to offer suggestions more broadly on how to design and implement a field study course.
A waveguide-based aperture-coupled patch amplifier array-full-wave system analysis and experimental validation

In this paper, the full-wave analysis and experimental verification of a waveguide-based aperture-coupled patch amplifier array are presented. The spatial power-combining amplifier array is modeled by the decomposition of the entire system into several electromagnetically coupled modules. This includes a method of moments integral equation formulation of the generalized scattering matrix (GSM) for an N-port waveguide-based patch-to-slot transition; a mode-matching analysis of the GSM for the receiving and transmitting rectangular waveguide tapers; and a finite-element analysis of the waveguide-to-microstrip line junctions. An overall response of the system is obtained by cascading GSMs of electromagnetic structures and the S-parameters of amplifier networks. Numerical and experimental results are presented for the single unit cell and 2/spl times/3 amplifier array operating at X-band. The results are shown for the rectangular aperture-coupled patch array, although the analysis is applicable to structures with arbitrarily shaped planar electric and magnetic surfaces.
The problem of contemporary slavery: an international human rights challenge for social work

Despite conventional wisdom that slavery has been eradicated, this analysis of the human trafficking literature reveals that this form of violent coercion and economic exploitation persists. However, there is little agreement upon definitions, estimates and responses to this problem. Differing academic and policy definitions and estimates of slavery are reviewed, in which most emphasis is placed upon sexual trafficking, while other forms such as chattel slavery, debt bondage and contract slavery are often under-recognized. There are a range of policy options for ameliorating this problem, which include social services, community-based interventions, harm reduction strategies and legal and economic responses.
One Bacterial Cell, One Complete Genome

While the bulk of the finished microbial genomes sequenced to date are derived from cultured bacterial and archaeal representatives, the vast majority of microorganisms elude current culturing attempts, severely limiting the ability to recover complete or even partial genomes from these environmental species. Single cell genomics is a novel culture-independent approach, which enables access to the genetic material of an individual cell. No single cell genome has to our knowledge been closed and finished to date. Here we report the completed genome from an uncultured single cell of Candidatus Sulcia muelleri DMIN. Digital PCR on single symbiont cells isolated from the bacteriome of the green sharpshooter Draeculacephala minerva bacteriome allowed us to assess that this bacteria is polyploid with genome copies ranging from approximately 200–900 per cell, making it a most suitable target for single cell finishing efforts. For single cell shotgun sequencing, an individual Sulcia cell was isolated and whole genome amplified by multiple displacement amplification (MDA). Sanger-based finishing methods allowed us to close the genome. To verify the correctness of our single cell genome and exclude MDA-derived artifacts, we independently shotgun sequenced and assembled the Sulcia genome from pooled bacteriomes using a metagenomic approach, yielding a nearly identical genome. Four variations we detected appear to be genuine biological differences between the two samples. Comparison of the single cell genome with bacteriome metagenomic sequence data detected two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), indicating extremely low genetic diversity within a Sulcia population. This study demonstrates the power of single cell genomics to generate a complete, high quality, non-composite reference genome within an environmental sample, which can be used for population genetic analyzes.
Are there racial-ethnic disparities in time to pressure ulcer development and pressure ulcer treatment in older adults after nursing home admission?

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess whether there are racial and ethnic disparities in the time to development of a pressure ulcer and number of pressure ulcer treatments in individuals aged 65 and older after nursing home admission. Method: Multi-level predictors of time to a pressure ulcer from three national surveys were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression for White Non-Hispanic residents. Using the Peters–Belson method to assess for disparities, estimates from the regression models were applied to American Indians/Alaskan Natives, Asians/Pacific Islanders, Blacks, and Hispanics separately resulting in estimates of expected outcomes as if they were White Non-Hispanic, and were then compared with their observed outcomes. Results: More Blacks developed pressure ulcers sooner than expected. No disparities in time to a pressure ulcer disadvantaging other racial/ethnic groups were found. There were no disparities in pressure ulcer treatment for any group. Discussion: Reducing...
The Menstrual Cycle of the Primates. IX.--The Effect of Oestrin on the Denervated Sexual Skin

Before the demonstration of the part played by hormones in the behaviour of the reproductive organs, many efforts had been made to discover ways in which neural influences are concerned in generative mechanisms ( see , for example, Budge, 1858; Simpson, 1871; Goltz, 1874; Goltz and Ewald, 1896; Rein, 1880; Ribbert, 1898; Mironoff, 1895; also early work on ovarian transplantation, e. g ., Halban, 1901). The general conclusion derived from these earlier studies was that the integrity of the nerves of the reproductive organs is not essential for conception, gestation, parturition, and lactation. The question has been reconsidered more recently, with the same general result. Thus Sweet and Thorp (1929), Cannon and his coworkers (1929, 1931), and Bacq (1931, 1932) have found that total or abdominal sympathectomy in dogs, cats, and rats neither disturbs the periodicity of the œstrous cycle, nor prevents fecundation and parturition. The chief ill-effect of total sympathectomy, so far as the reproductive functions are concerned, is impaired milk secretion. Bacq, Brouha and Hinglais (1932) have also shown that œstrin and the gonadotropic hormones of the anterior lobe of the pituitary can exercise their normal effects upon the uterus and ovaries of rats, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs following removal of the lumbar sympathetic chains and the mesenteric plexuses.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia masquerading as traumatic diaphragm rupture.

16-year-old girl without prior medical problems was a driver involved in a high speed car collision. After a prolonged extrication, she arrived in the emergency room with diminished breath sounds on the left side. Initial chest radiograph demonstrated stomach and loops of intestine in the left hemithorax (Figure 1). Computed tomography revealed the stomach, colon, and small bowel in the left hemithorax, consistent with a traumatic diaphragmatic rupture. At operation, a smooth, well-defined, non-traumatic defect in the left mid-diaphragm was found (Figure 2; available at www.jpeds.com) involving the stomach and portions of the liver, small bowel, and colon. The hernia contents were reduced and the diaphragm was repaired. After an uneventful recovery, the patient admitted to a longstanding history of postprandial abdominal discomfort and increasing dyspnea on exertion, which had now completely resolved.
A Reading Motivation Intervention With Differential Outcomes for Students At Risk for Reading Disabilities, ADHD, and Typical Comparisons “Clever Is and Clever Does”

Past research has failed to recognize motivation for its potential to produce instructional gains, especially for students with reading disabilities/difficulties (RD). To this purpose, a combined m...
The New Politics of the Welfare State

This essay seeks to lay the foundation for an understanding of welfare state retrenchment. Previous discussions have generally relied, at least implicitly, on a reflexive application of theories designed to explain welfare state expansion. Such an approach is seriously flawed. Not only is the goal of retrenchment (avoiding blame for cutting existing programs) far different from the goal of expansion (claiming credit for new social benefits), but the welfare state itself vastly alters the terrain on which the politics of social policy is fought out. Only an appreciation of how mature social programs create a new politics can allow us to make sense of the welfare state's remarkable resilience over the past two decades of austerity. Theoretical argument is combined with quantitative and qualitative data from four cases (Britain, the United States, Germany, and Sweden) to demonstrate the shortcomings of conventional wisdom and to highlight the factors that limit or facilitate retrenchment success.
Reporting bias in drug trials submitted to the Food and Drug Administration: review of publication and presentation.

Background Previous studies of drug trials submitted to regulatory authorities have documented selective reporting of both entire trials and favorable results. The objective of this study is to determine the publication rate of efficacy trials submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in approved New Drug Applications (NDAs) and to compare the trial characteristics as reported by the FDA with those reported in publications.
Vertical attributes of precipitation systems in West Africa and adjacent Atlantic Ocean

This study reports the findings of TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) satellite data analyses undertaken to investigate differences in intensity and depth of precipitating systems in the transition region from continental to maritime environments in West Africa during the rainy season of June to September in 1998–2004. The results of this study are interpreted in the context of regional thermodynamic variables such as equivalent potential temperature and equivalent convective available potential energy to discern the processes governing storm development. Over continental West Africa, convective-type precipitating storms exhibit a substantially larger vertical extent compared to the ones over the eastern Atlantic Ocean. In contrast, the stratiform precipitating systems show similar vertical reflectivity patterns, depth and intensity over both land and adjacent ocean in West Africa. The differences in the attributes of storms, as they move from the continent to the ocean, can be partly explained in terms of the surface-atmosphere interactions that provide the necessary transports of energy and water vapor from the surface to the cloud layer.
An alternative geometrical setup for the image-based tactile sensor

The authors present an alternative image-based sensor setup. This setup uses an optically sealed chamber, an array of light sensors, an array of light sources, and a reflective elastic surface serving as the touching surface. Mainly, this approach, as compared to other image-based tactile sensors, ensures a reduction in the size of the needed array of light sensors, and produces an enhanced digitized image representing the reflective elastic touch surface. The feasibility of operation of this approach is shown. >
Profile of trimazosin: An effective and safe antihypertensive agent

Abstract Trimazosin, a selective alpha-1-adrenoceptor-blocking agent, has been extensively evaluated in over 1000 patients. In hypertensive patients, reduction in elevated blood pressure in both supine and standing positions, consequent to a reduction in systemic vascular resistance, persisted in long-term therapy. Progression of hypertension target organ damage did not occur. Improvement in blood lipids with decreased total serum cholesterol was noted in long-term therapy. In long-term studies, 74% of patients responded at a trimazosin dose of 300 mg/day or less; the maximum dose was 300 mg/day or less in 52% of patients and 200 mg/day or less in 36%. Most patients received twice a day therapy. The side effect profile of trimazosin was comparable to placebo and significantly better than that of either methyldopa or propranolol. Concomitant disease or therapy did not adversely affect the trimazosin safety profile. Hematology, clinical cheistry, and urinary parameters did not indicate deleterious effects. Because of its excellent safety and toleration profile, trimazosin may be particularly suitable in first-line therapy of patients with mild or moderate hypertension.
Shear-Flexible Orthotropic Plates Loaded in Plane

A new, improved theory is presented for orthotropic plates with thickness-shear flexibility and subjected to in-plane loading. The improvement introduced herein is the modification of the slopes at which the in-plane stress resultants are assumed to act. This is a generalization of the work of Haringx from columns to inplane-loaded plates. Comparison with the classical (Reissner) shear-flexible plate theory shows that the improved theory imposes loading anisotropy on the governing differential equations and tends to predict higher buckling loads than the overly conservative Reissner theory. Comparison with experimental results for uniaxially-compressed, simply supported sandwich plates with glass-fiber-reinforced facings and hexagonal-cell honeycomb cores indicates that the improved-theory results agree slightly better than do the Reissner-theory results.
Piezoelectric PVDF thin films with asymmetric microporous structures for pressure sensing

We demonstrate that porous Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film can be used as a flexible piezoelectric pressure sensor with high sensitivity. Asymmetric porous structure is developed to promote larger collecting area and aligned poling direction. Film structure can be controlled by dispersing micro-scale pores in a polymer matrix with a dense top layer. Piezoelectric output is enhanced by optimization of PVDF micro-structure and electromechanical coupling efficiency. The sensitivity to pressure increased three folds with a designed three-dimensional asymmetric porous structure as compared to the bulk film without such porous structures. Direct film deposition on large size surface and pore-formation on electrode surfaces enable efficient and reliable PVDF piezoelectric sensor.
Afterglow jet breaks, GeV photons and the electromagnetic model of short GRBs

We discuss three topics: (i) the dynamics of afterglow jet breaks; (ii) the origin of Fermi-LAT photons; (iii) the electromagnetic model of short GRBs
Non-Linear Indicial Response and Internal State-Space Representation for Free-to-Roll Trajectory Prediction of a 65 Degree Wing at High Incidence

A modified nonlinear indicial response method (NIR) in conjunction with internal state-space has been proposed. As an example free-to-roll trajectories of a 65 wing at high incidence have been predicted by this method. Time-average leading-edge vortex breakdown location is chosen as internal variable to approximately describe the state of separated and vortex flow about the delta wing. By means of vortex filament method, this variable of vortex breakdown location is simply an additional information required at a given instantaneous time for calculating the outputs - surface pressure and related aerodynamic loads. The flight equation and trajectories of a 65 wing at free-to-roll condition are then solved. The comparisons between measured instantaneous pressure, airloads and motion history and their corresponding predicted ones at free-to-roll motion show that within the framework of the proposed mathematical model it is possible to apply this method into nonlinear flight regime.
Operational Assessment of Heavy Air Tankers - Part 2: Maneuver Loads

A total of 5,316 flight data file collected by various P2V and P3A air tankers in actual operation over several seasons have been used to construct maneuver load exceedance plots. Flights have been divided into multiple phases, separating the segments when the retardant is dropped from others. For each flight phase, cumulative occurrences of maneuver loads have been examined and compared with data from other sources, when available. It is shown that the cumulative occurrences of maneuver load factor varies by flight phase, with the largest values associated with the drop and exit phases. For the overall flight, maneuver loads were shown to occur at lower frequencies than those stated in MIL 8866.
IJEE Soapbox: On the uses and Abuses of Comparative Demography

In a foreign country, few pleasures can match being in the field with a local biologist, steeped in the reticulate details of local natural history and passionate about the task of understanding the rhythms of the natural world. My wife Lynne and I recently spent an enjoyable day with Professor Steven Piper exploring the splendor of the Drakensberg Mountains near Durban, South Africa, seeking out highly localized endemic species of birds with lovely names such as the Orange-breasted Rockjumper and Gurney’s Sugarbird. Professor Piper is well-known in the ornithological community for his long-term population studies in southern Africa, and in particular for his studies of two endangered species of vulture found in these mountains, the Cape Vulture and Bearded Vulture. To monitor these birds, he and his assistants must put bands on the legs of adult and juvenile birds caught at the nest. To do that, they must first risk life and limb by clambering up cliffs, and then put up with the stomach-churning behavioral responses (I will spare you, the reader, the details) of vultures indignant at being manhandled. By tracking a number of banded individuals over time, vital statistics such as per capita birth and death rates can eventually be estimated. When carried out over a sufficiently long time period, and at a number of sites, a picture of how demographic processes vary over space and through time is gradually built up, with each hard-won datum implicitly representing many hours of human sweat and effort. The literature of ecology, conservation, and wildlife biology is implicitly replete with stories like this. (I sometimes think that it would be very instructive for publications to have appendices, quantifying the magnitude of human effort that has gone into producing each figure and table.) Given how difficult it is to gather comparative demographic data, it is important to think very clearly about how such data can be used, and the conceptual traps that may arise when interpreting demographic patterns. One such trap goes as follows: It seems intuitive that if a hypothesized environmental factor impacting
Low susceptibility of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), to the entomogenous nematode, Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser

Spraying the infective stage of the nematode Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser directly on frames containing Apis mellifera L. resulted in limited mortality of worker bees and no mortality to the brood. Nematode mortality of adult bees was found only during the first 3 days after spray application. The brood was probably not infected because of the high temperatures (33.3 to 35.2°C) maintained around the brood by the worker bees in the center of the hive. The activity of the bee colony was not adversely affected after nematode treatment. Nematode-infected Galleria mellonella L. pupae placed in the honeycomb near the periphery of the hive resulted in nematode development and reproduction, probably because of the lower temperatures in this area. Direct spraying of nematodes on worker bees in cages at 25°C resulted in less than 15% mortality. Thus, N. carpocapsae can be used against insect pests where bees occur by following normal spray precautions.
Survey on EPI Immunization Coverage in Puge in 2006

Objective To master the present situation of EPI and to find out problems. Methods Typical survey and multistage sampling methods were conducted. The rates of setting immunization cards and basic immunization in children born in 2004 as well as strengthened immunization in 1997,in 2000 and in march,2003 were investigated.Results 420 target children in 15 townships were investigated. The rate of setting up immunization cards was 94.23%.The immunization coverage rates of BCG,OPV,DPT,MV and four vaccine vaccinations with series eligibility were 68.57%,92.36%,71.42%,74.33%,62.85%,respectively.The immunization coverage rate of HepB was 34.00%,but the first dose of timely HepB vaccination rate was only 20.00%. The coverage rates of DPT4,OPV4,MV2 were 66.52%,93.33%,87.61%,respectively. The coverage rate of EPI immunization presented the descending trend.The main reason of missing immunization was lack of vaccination information.And the unqualified reasons were beyond or ahead of vaccination time.Conclusion In Puge, the immunization coverage of OPV kept in higher level. However,the other EPI immunization coverage was in lower level. Moreover,immunization of children living at the hilltop and hillside is difficult. It is also hard to put HepB into EPI.
Testing gravity theories using tensor perturbations

Primordial gravitational waves constitute a promising probe of the very early Universe and the laws of gravity. We study in this work changes to tensor-mode perturbations that can arise in various proposed modified gravity theories. These include additional friction effects, nonstandard dispersion relations involving a massive graviton, a modified speed, and a small-scale modification. We introduce a physically motivated parametrization of these effects and use current available data to obtain exclusion regions in the parameter spaces. Taking into account the foreground subtraction, we then perform a forecast analysis focusing on the tensor-mode modified-gravity parameters as constrained by the future experiments COrE, Stage-IV and PIXIE. For a fiducial value of the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r=0.01$, we find that an additional friction of 3.5--4.5% compared to GR will be detected at $3\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\sigma}$ by these experiments, while a decrease in friction will be more difficult to detect. The speed of gravitational waves needs to be by 5--15% different from the speed of light for detection. We find that the minimum detectable graviton mass is about $7.8--9.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}33}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$, which is of the same order of magnitude as the graviton mass that allows massive gravity theories to produce late-time cosmic acceleration. Finally, we study the tensor-mode perturbations in modified gravity during inflation using our parametrization. We find that, in addition to being related to $r$, the tensor spectral index would be related to the friction parameter ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{0}$ by ${n}_{T}=\ensuremath{-}3{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{0}\ensuremath{-}r/8$. Assuming that the friction parameter is unchanged throughout the history of the Universe, and that ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{0}$ is much larger than $r$, the future experiments considered here will be able to distinguish this modified-gravity consistency relation from the standard inflation consistency relation, and thus can be used as a further test of modified gravity. In summary, tensor-mode perturbations and cosmic-microwave-background B-mode polarization provide a complementary avenue to test gravity theories.
Study on Adsorption and Separation of Total Flavonoids from Lindera aggregata Leaves by Macroporous Resin

In this study,eight types of macroporous resins were selected for adsorption and separation of total flavonoids from Lindera aggregata leaves. The results showed that D101 resin was an excellent adsorbent with higher adsorption and desorption capacity. The purification conditions of the investigated macroporous resin were also studied and optimized using the static-dynamic adsorption and desorption characteristics. The results showed that the optimal adsorption conditions of D101 resin were as follows: 2 BV / h as sampling flow rate,removing impurities by 3 BV water and eluting the total flavonoids with 3 BV of 70% ethanol-water at flow rate of 2 BV / h. The content of total flavonoids of the product after the adsorption concentrating on D101 resin achieved 47. 48%,which was 4. 3 times of crude extract( 11. 05%). Macroporous resin D101 was suitable to separate and purify the total flavonoids from Lindera aggregata leaves. The adsorption behavior of D101 was proved to consistent with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.
Exploring the Implications of Theories in Physical Kinetics on Psychodynamics:Inspired by the Principles of Toplogical Psycholog

The psychodynamics discussed in the Principles of Topological Psycholology by Kurt Lewin was used as the research target,some psychological phenomenon or principle was explained tentatively reference to Newton's laws of physical dynamics,momentum,momentum conservation law,kinetic theory,mechanical energy conservation law,the law of gravity or the laws of such theorem for classical. Psychology,especially in personality psychology,social psychology and the field of counseling and psychotherapy to learn from the importance of the concept of the physical dynamics was emphasized. Basis On this,a set of dynamic languages using the physical prototype of the psychological dynamics system was constructed. It was pointed out that under the guidance of Lewin,"Principles of Topological Psychology" ,which contains the cross-disciplinary reference,implied in the idea of interdisciplinary is relatively young their own development in the light of the relative maturity of the physical dynamics and even the far-reaching significance of other disciplines.
Luminescence of Bi3+ in the orthorhombic perovskites CaB4+O3 (B4+=Zr, sn): Crossover from localized to D-state emission

Abstract The optical properties of Bi 3+ in the orthorhombic perovskites CaZrO 3 and CaSnO 3 are investigated. The Stokes shift of Bi 3+ emission in CaZrO 3 is small (∼0.80 eV) with the peak wavelength of the emission band occurring in the ultraviolet. This emission is attributed to the localized 3 P 0,1 → 1 S 0 optical transition. In contrast, the Stokes shift of the Bi 3+ emission in CaSnO 3 is large (>1 eV) with the emission band peaking in the visible. The emission band is also considerably broadened in CaSnO 3 . It is claimed that Bi 3+ luminescence in CaSnO 3 corresponds with the Bi 3+ (6s 2 ) -Sn 4+ (5s ° ) charge transfer emission (D-state emission). The energy of the 1 S 0 → 3 P 1 (A-band) excitation band in both perovskites are very nearly the same. Physical reasoning is advanced for the occurrence and lack thereof of the D-state emission in these perovskites.
Next generation advanced process control: Leveraging big data and prediction

Advanced process control (APC), which includes run-to-run (R2R) process control and fault detection and classification (FDC) is pervasive in fabs today. While APC provides many benefits, it also presents many implementation and operational challenges including significant up-front configuration cost, lack of solution accuracy resulting in false/missed alarms, and lack of a consistent capability for prognostics leading to scrap, lost productivity and reduced quality. Next Generation APC (NG-APC) is an evolutionary solution that addresses these challenges and provides new capabilities for APC solutions. It leverages recent advancements in the traditional APC capabilities as well as benefits provided by big data and prediction capabilities. Key enhancements include single-threaded R2R control for improved high-mix process control capability, semi-automation of FDC model development with model and limits optimization through a move to "supervised" FDC, improved data management and analysis capabilities through leveraging of big data architectures, and incorporation of prediction capabilities in solutions for improved process quality and uptime with reduced cost. Additionally, NG-APC is structured as an extensible solution, thus it can continue to evolve as new APC and related technologies emerge.
Decision Tree Learning

The main objective of this chapter is to introduce you to hierarchical supervised learning models. One of the main hierarchical models is the decision tree. It has two categories: classification tree and regression tree. The theory and applications of these decision trees are explained in this chapter. These techniques require tree split algorithms to build the decision trees and require quantitative measures to build an efficient tree via training. Hence, the chapter dedicates some discussion to the measures like entropy, cross-entropy, Gini impurity, and information gain. It also discusses the training algorithms suitable for classification tree and regression tree models. Simple examples and visual aids explain the difficult concepts so that readers can easily grasp the theory and applications of decision tree.
Economic Viability of a Food Hub Business: Assessment of Annual Operational Expenses and Revenues

Food hubs—aggregation and distribution entities with social missions that include localization of food production and distribution systems—are receiving increasing attention from the public and foundation sectors as a means of catalyzing economic development in rural and peri-urban areas. Funding proposals for food hubs are often couched in terms of initial start-up capital, with all involved parties expecting the hub to become self-sufficient of outside funding within 5 years. In this paper we comprehensively assess the annual operational revenues and expenses of four food hubs operating in North Carolina in 2014, and use these as a basis to estimate the model annual operating budget for a food hub business serving as an intermediary between small and midscale farmers and grocery stores, restaurants, and institutional food service. This analysis focuses on annual operational expenses and the ability of established food hubs to function independently of outside funding. The analysis of business operations also includes sensitivity analysis to estimate required revenues based on variation in operational expenses and the mark-up fees that hubs charge their growers. We find that the average losses, excluding monetary donations, sustained in 2014 by the hubs were $86,204 on average produce sales of $162,668. Assuming a 20% average mark-up fee and based on the model budget of annual operating costs, a food hub operation requires total annual sales of approximately $800,000 to cover its operating costs. See the press release for this article.
Sci-Thur AM: YIS – 04: Stopping power-to-Cherenkov power ratios and beam quality specification for clinical Cherenkov emission dosimetry of electrons: beam-specific effects and experimental validation

Purpose: To advance towards clinical Cherenkov emission (CE)-based dosimetry by investigating beam-specific effects on Monte Carlo-calculated electron-beam stopping power-to-CE power ratios (SCRs), addressing electron beam quality specification in terms of CE, and validating simulations with measurements. Methods: The EGSnrc user code SPRRZnrc, used to calculate Spencer-Attix stopping-power ratios, was modified to instead calculate SCRs. SCRs were calculated for 6- to 22-MeV clinical electron beams from Varian TrueBeam, Clinac 21EX, and Clinac 2100C/D accelerators. Experiments were performed with a 20-MeV electron beam from a Varian TrueBeam accelerator, using a diffraction grating spectrometer with optical fiber input and a cooled back-illuminated CCD. A fluorophore was dissolved in the water to remove CE signal anisotropy. Results: It was found that angular spread of the incident beam has little effect on the SCR (≤ 0.3% at dmax), while both the electron spectrum and photon contamination increase the SCR at shallow depths and decrease it at large depths. A universal data fit of R50 in terms of C50 (50% CE depth) revealed a strong linear dependence (R2 > 0.9999). The SCR was fit with a Burns-type equation (R2 = 0.9974, NRMSD = 0.5%). Below-threshold incident radiation was found to have minimal effect on beam quality specification (< 0.1%). Experiments and simulations were in good agreement. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the feasibility of the proposed CE dosimetry method, contingent on computation of SCRs from additional accelerators and on further experimental validation. This work constitutes an important step towards clinical high-resolution out-of-beam CE dosimetry.
Interval Plating: A Simplified Method to Determine Suitability of Distilled Water as a Dilution Fluid

A simplified procedure has been developed for routine evaluation of distilled water used in milk, food, and water service laboratories. It is simple to do, requires no additional equipment or reagents, and can be done along with the routine daily workload. It requires no “control” water, and has a sensitivity which is appropriate for the intended use of the distilled water.
Implementation of lean production and environmental sustainability in the Indian apparel manufacturing industry: a way to reach the triple bottom line

ABSTRACTIn response to global environmental issues and general business competition, the last few decades have seen a tremendous increase in the awareness of the environmental impact and the usage of production management systems such as lean production (LP). To examine these strategies in the Indian apparel manufacturing industry, this study examines the extent and impact of cost-of-production and waste management practices, as well as barriers in the implementation of LP and environmental sustainability (ES) practices. Research was conducted and a total of 51 respondents working in the Indian apparel manufacturing sector were surveyed. According to the results, there is room for improvement in the implementation of LP and ES practices in the Indian apparel manufacturing sector, which could be achieved by effectively tackling the barriers identified in the research. Common and divergent factors for LP and ES regarding cost of production and waste management were also found in the research.
Cardiovascular consequences of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex: effects of age and sex

Premenopausal women exhibit an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with young men; however, it is unknown whether these sex differences are present in older adults. Older women exhi...
Intravenous Immunoglobulin: Dermatologic Uses and Mechanisms of Action

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a fractioned blood product consisting of pooled, polyvalent, IgG antibody. It is being increasingly utilized as off-label therapy of a variety of dermatological conditions including autoimmune mucocutaneous blistering diseases, autoimmune connective tissue diseases, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, cutaneous vasculitides, skin infections and several other dermatoses, such as chronic urticaria, atopic dermatitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, scleromyxedema. Randomized trails are generally lacking. IVIg is a relatively safe and well-tolerated therapy inducing and maintaining a prolonged clinical remission, and has a corticosteroid-sparing effect. The mechanism of action of IVIg is multifactorial and includes: (1) reduction of autoantibody concentration, (2) modulation of cytokine production and (3) prevention of keratinocyte apoptosis. Normal degradation and removal from the body of all kinds of IgG antibodies after IVIg infusion results in a selective decrease of relative titer of pathogenic antibodies, because the level of normal antibodies is maintained by those present in the IVIg preparation. To prevent a “rebound” effect resulting from the negative feedback stimulation of B cells, IVIg should be combined with a cytotoxic immunosuppressive drug.
Influence of clinical, societal, and treatment variables on racial differences in ER-/PR- breast cancer survival.

African American (AA) women with breast cancer have persistently higher mortality compared to whites. We evaluated racial disparities in mortality among women with estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)-negative breast cancer. The study population included 542 women (45% AA) diagnosed with ER/PR-negative Stage I through III breast cancer treated at the Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) between 1996 and 2005. Linked datasets from HFHS, Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System, and the U.S. Census Bureau were used to obtain demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical information. Economic deprivation was categorized using a previously validated deprivation index, which included 5 categories based on the quintile of census tract socioeconomic deprivation. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relationship between race and mortality. AA women were more likely to have larger tumors, have higher Charlson Comorbidity Indices (CCI), and to reside in economically deprived areas. In an unadjusted analysis, AA women demonstrated a significantly higher risk of death compared to whites [hazard ratio (HR) 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–2.00]. Following adjustment for clinical factors (age, stage, CCI) and treatment (radiation and chemotherapy), AA race continued to have a significant impact on mortality (HR 1.51, CI 1.10–2.08 and HR 1.63, CI 1.20–2.21). Only after adjusting for deprivation was race no longer significant (HR 1.26, CI 0.84–1.87). Social determinants of health play a large role in explaining racial disparities in breast cancer outcomes, especially among women with aggressive subtypes.
Critique [of Institutional Racism]

To disagree with the author9s central theme that institutional racism is the principal deterrent to social, economic, and political equality of the races in America would be to ignore centuries of American history in which racial minorities have been oppressed and denied equality of rights and opportunities. Even further, one must agree with the author9s argument that institutional racism is merely the manifestation of “beliefs held so tenaciously that they guide behavior spontaneously by excluding any process which call them into question,” while simultaneously purporting to be open to the individual, irrespective of race, gender or age.
Identifying novel members of the Wntless interactome through genetic and candidate gene approaches

Wnt signaling is an important pathway that regulates several aspects of embryogenesis, stem cell maintenance, and neural connectivity. We have recently determined that opioids decrease Wnt secretion, presumably by inhibiting the recycling of the Wnt trafficking protein Wntless (Wls). This effect appears to be mediated by protein-protein interaction between Wls and the mu-opioid receptor (MOR), the primary cellular target of opioid drugs. The goal of this study was to identify novel protein interactors of Wls that are expressed in the brain and may also play a role in reward or addiction. Using genetic and candidate gene approaches, we show that among a variety of protein, Wls interacts with the dopamine transporter (target of cocaine), cannabinoid receptors (target of THC), Adenosine A2A receptor (target of caffeine), and SGIP1 (endocytic regulator of cannabinoid receptors). Our study shows that aside from opioid receptors, Wntless interacts with additional proteins involved in reward and/or addiction. Future studies will determine whether Wntless and WNT signaling play a more universal role in these processes.
Untreated oral cavity cancer: Long-term survival and factors associated with treatment refusal.

Objective Oral cavity cancer is the most common malignant disease of the head and neck. The natural course of the disease is poorly characterized and unavailable for patient consideration during initial treatment planning. Our primary objective was to outline this natural history, with a secondary aim of identifying predictors of treatment refusal. Study Design Retrospective review of adult patients with oral cavity cancer who refused surgery that was recommended by their physician in the National Cancer Database. Methods Demographic, tumor, and survival variables were included in the analyses. Multivariate Cox regressions as well as univariate Kaplan-Meier analyses were conducted. Results Patients who were older, uninsured, had government insurance, or had more advanced disease were more likely to go untreated. Survival among untreated patients was poor, but there was a small proportion of patients surviving long term. Five-year survival rates ranged from 31.1% among early-stage patients to 12.6% among stage 4 patients. Conclusion Although the natural course of oral cavity cancer carries a poor prognosis, there are a number of patients with longer-than-expected survival. The survival estimates may provide supplemental information for patients deciding whether to pursue treatment. In addition to age and extent of disease, system factors such as insurance status and facility case volume are associated with a patient's likelihood of refusing treatment. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2017
Relevance of Individual-Level Residential Outcomes for Describing Segregation

The new options for segregation analysis introduced here suggest a new basis for evaluating segregation indices – the substantive relevance of the individual-level residential outcomes registered by the indices. Three of the segregation indices considered here – G, D, and S – have been used widely in empirical analyses for more than five decades and each has been reviewed many times in methodological studies. Until now little attention has been given to the substantive relevance of the individual-level residential outcomes each index registers. In this chapter I argue that it is instructive to consider how indices differ on this important point of comparison.
Learning to Take The Self Out? Tactics for Managing Self-Object Relationships in Making

Through a qualitative study of creative workers in a video game design company and an athletic footwear and apparel company, we elaborate theory regarding how people proactively manage their psycho...
Introduced yellow perch in two Southeastern US reservoirs: ecological interactions with resident fishes.

ABSTRACTRoberts CM, DeVries DR, Wright RA. 2018. Introduced yellow perch in two Southeastern US reservoirs: ecological interactions with resident fishes. Lake Reserv Manage. 34:141—153.Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) has been introduced into Southeastern US drainages outside its native range; unfortunately, the effects of these introductions at the edge of their distribution on resident fishes have not been well documented. To determine the potential interactions between introduced yellow perch and resident fishes, we quantified diets of multiple life stages over 2 yr in 2 Alabama reservoirs. Temporal and spatial co-occurrence between larval yellow perch and native fishes was limited, and diet overlap was generally low at all life stages. Juvenile yellow perch were consumed by Micropterus spp. in both lakes during spring, suggesting some potential benefit for native piscivores. We suggest minimal negative effects of yellow perch on native fishes in these Southeastern US systems due to their generalist die...
Caregiver Assessment Using Smart Gaming Technology: A Preliminary Approach

As pre-diagnostic technologies are becoming increasingly accessible, using them to improve the quality of care available to dementia patients and their caregivers is of increasing interest. Specifically, we aim to develop a tool for non-invasively assessing task performance in a simple gaming application. To address this, we have developed Caregiver Assessment using Smart Gaming Technology (CAST), a mobile application that personalizes a traditional word scramble game. Its core functionality uses a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) optimized via a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to provide customized performance measures for each user of the system. With CAST, we match the relative level of difficulty of play using the individual's ability to solve the word scramble tasks. We provide an analysis of the preliminary results for determining task difficulty, with respect to our current participant cohort.