cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward Rational Design of High-efficiency Enzyme Cascades

The construction of an enzyme cascade with enhanced activity is desirable in biocatalysis, synthetic biology and other fields. Although many researchers have found that immobilization of enzyme cascades on scaffolds leads to an enhanced activity, the underlying mechanisms still remain controversial. In this Viewpoint, we describe and discuss the frequently used strategies to achieve activity enhancement. We first reiterate that the proximity does not contribute to the increased overall activity of the sequential nor coenzyme regenerating cascade, and suggest that the reported observed enhancements in the majority of publications were caused by the influence of the scaffolds. Then we discuss the benefits and limitations of other strategies including bridging the enzymes, co-immobilization, compartmentalization. Finally, we highlight that balancing the stoichiometry, improving the individual activity, overlapping the operating temperature and pH maximum are necessary for achieving a high-efficiency enzyme c...
Voltage-tunable stochastic computing with magnetic bits

In this paper, we model and design spintronic circuits that exploit the inherent stochasticity of nanomagnetic dynamics, while providing ultra-low-energy (∼ 3–5 aJ/bit) and ultra-low-power (< 106 W/m2) operation.
Predictors of Daily Pain Medication Use in Individuals with Recurrent Back Pain

A key component to chronic pain management regimens is the use of analgesic medications. Psychological factors, such as mood states, may also affect the use of pain medications for individuals with chronic pain, but few observational studies have examined how these factors may predict pain medication use at the daily level. Daily assessments from 104 individuals with back pain were used to examine fluctuations in daily pain intensity, mood, sleep quality, and physical activity as predictors of the likelihood of pain medication (opioid and non-opioid) use and levels of medication use on the same day. Pain intensity and mood ratings significantly predicted whether participants used pain medication on the same day, while only pain intensity predicted whether participants used more medication than usual. Further, current opioid users were more likely to increase the amount of their medication use on days of higher pain. This article identifies fluctuations in daily pain intensity and mood as salient predictors of daily pain medication use in individuals with recurrent back pain. The current study is among the first to highlight both pain and mood states as predictors of daily pain medication use in individuals with back pain, though future studies may expand on these findings through the use of higher-resolution daily medication use variables.
Assortment, Shelf Space and Inventory Planning

Retailers need to cost-efficiently manage the complexity of satisfying consumer demand with shelf inventory by determining the interdependent problems of assortment size, shelf space assignment and shelf replenishment. Retail shelf space assignment has demand and inventory effects, as already Whitin (1957) noted: “For retail stores (…) an increase in inventory may bring about increased sales of some items. On the other hand, an increased inventory might lead to a decrease in sales of other items.” Hence, the more space and inventory is assigned to products, the higher the demand (= space-elastic demand). Furthermore, retailers need to solve the trade-off decision of either holding too much inventory, resulting in tied capital, or keeping an inventory that is too low, requiring frequent restocking. Retailers are constrained in shelf replenishment due limitations on the shelf merchandizers available to immediately fill the shelves after stock out and the expensive handling costs within stores (van Zelst et al. 2009). Proper control of retail costs requires the balancing of inventory, shelf space and instore handling costs (Curseu et al. 2009), especially as up to 48% of total logistics costs accrue in stores (Ketzenberg et al. 2002; Thonemann et al. 2005; Broekmeulen et al. 2006; Sternbeck and Kuhn 2010). For example, van Zelst et al. (2009) conclude that case pack sizes and the filling regime may deliver profit gains of 8 to 49%. While there is evidence of consumer response and cost implications, “less is known about how to translate this evidence into profitable strategies” (Kopalle et al. 2009, p.62). As we will see in the literature review, traditional shelf space management models focus on the space assignment and assume “efficient inventory management systems.” In other words, they decouple the decision of shelf space assignment from replenishment, as most optimization models focus primarily on the demand side and less on the cost side. In addition, they assume that each product is restocked instantaneously and individually. Common practice in retail, however, is to conduct two types of shelf refilling:
Immunity to attentional capture at ignored locations.

Certain stimuli have the power to rapidly and involuntarily capture spatial attention against our will. The present study investigated whether such stimuli capture spatial attention even when they appear in ignored regions of visual space. In other words, which force is more powerful: attentional capture or spatial filtering? Participants performed a spatial cuing task, searching for a letter target defined by color (e.g., green) and then reporting that letter’s identity. Two of the four search locations were always irrelevant. Unlike many previous experiments, participants were forced to ignore these locations because they always contained a target-colored distractor letter. Experiment 1 assessed capture by a salient-but-irrelevant abrupt onset cue appearing 150 ms before the search display. One might expect onset cues to capture attention even at ignored locations given that the main function of capture, presumably, is to rapidly alert observers to unexpected yet potentially important stimuli. However, they did not. Experiment 2 replicated this result with a different neutral baseline condition. Experiment 3 replicated the absence of capture effects at ignored locations with an even more potent stimulus: a relevant cue possessing the target color. We propose that people are effectively immune to attentional capture by objects in ignored locations – spatial filtering dominates attentional capture.
Access to Schools & Intergenerational Human Capital: Evidence from India

This paper examines the impact of a large scale school construction program in India, the District Primary Education Programme (DPEP), on educational outcomes of direct beneficiaries and their children. Between the years 1993-2004, DPEP served over 50 million children and prioritized districts with below-average female literacy rates. This structure facilitates a fuzzy regression discontinuity design that compares outcomes of school-age children in districts near the average female literacy cutoff. In the analysis I combine data from multiple nationally representative household surveys with unique archival information. The results show that DPEP increased school access, enrollment, literacy and completed education for both male and female students. I then provide the first evidence of intergenerational effects of a school construction policy. Children whose mothers were DPEP beneficiaries had higher scores on standardized math (0.18 S.D.), vernacular (0.19 S.D.) and English (0.09 S.D.) tests. Daughters’ test scores went up by more than 17 to 22 percentage points higher than that of sons. Father’s DPEP exposure had no effect on children’s learning. The intergenerational impacts may be mediated through mother’s increased bargaining power, higher investments in children’s education and better health/health related behaviors.
Measuring Nascent Transcripts by Nascent-seq

A complete understanding of transcription and co-transcriptional RNA processing events by polymerase requires precise and robust approaches to visualize polymerase progress and quantify nascent transcripts on a genome-wide scale. Here, we present a transcriptome-wide method to measure the level of nascent transcribing RNA in a fast and unbiased manner.
The Thermodynamic Database Database

Abstract This paper describes an effort to organize the condensed phases thermodynamic data freely available in electronic form within the scientific literature through the design of a special-purpose search engine indexing data electronically available in the “thermodynamic database” (TDB) format. This focus is motivated by the fact that it is widely used and can be readily read or imported into most thermodynamic modeling software. This form of data also provides a rather complete thermodynamic description of a given system and thus enables researchers to generate any phase diagram cross-section of interest, a capability typically not available in traditional phase diagram handbooks. For convenience, users can quickly preview selected cross sections directly online. In designing this system, special emphasis was devoted to ensuring that the bibliographic references of the original data sources are transparently reported and to providing links to the original data sources, rather than the data itself, in order to enforce access rights. This effort was made possible by combining and building upon a number of key components, such as the CALPHAD journal's supplementary information section, the NIMS database, the NIST materials data repository, the Crossref bibliographic service, and various thermodynamic (OpenCalphad, ATAT) and graphical (gnuplot, XTK) software.
Temperature Sensitive Telemetry Applied to Studies of Small Mammal Activity Patterns

Abstract The availability of small, temperature sensitive, radio transmitters has added a new dimension to the study of small mammal activity. Transmitter collars have been used with Eutamias townsendii, Glaucomys sabrinus, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, Sciurus niger, and Ochotona princeps. These biotelemeters provide the same position and movement information that is available using ordinary radio tracking equipment. However, the addition of temperature sensitivity also makes it possible to determine whether the animal is in a nest or moving through its environment. Careful monitoring of temperature fluctuations allows inference of other activities, e.g., sleep, moving in the nest, foraging, and taking temporary shelter in some protected location. When correlated with the corresponding environmental information, these data allow new insights into the biology of small, secretive, homiotherms.
A color x-ray camera for 2–6 keV using a mass produced back illuminated complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensor

There are several reports in the scientific literature of the use of mass-produced charge coupled device or complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors as x-ray detectors that combine high spatial resolution with significant energy resolution. Exploiting a relatively new especially favorable ambient-temperature back-illuminated CMOS sensor, we report the development of a spectroscopic x-ray camera having particularly impressive performance for 2–6 keV photons. This instrument has several beneficial characteristics for advanced x-ray spectroscopy studies in the laboratory, at synchrotron light sources, at x-ray free electron lasers, or when using pulsed x-ray sources such as for laser plasma physics research. These characteristics include fine position and energy resolution for individual photon events, high saturation rates, frame rates above 100 Hz, easy user maintenance for damaged sensors, and software for real-time processing. We evaluate this camera as an alternative to traditional energy-dispersive solid-state detectors, such as silicon drift detectors, and also illustrate its use in a very high resolution wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometer (i.e., x-ray emission spectrometer) that has recently been reported elsewhere [W. M. Holden et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88(7), 073904 (2017)].There are several reports in the scientific literature of the use of mass-produced charge coupled device or complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors as x-ray detectors that combine high spatial resolution with significant energy resolution. Exploiting a relatively new especially favorable ambient-temperature back-illuminated CMOS sensor, we report the development of a spectroscopic x-ray camera having particularly impressive performance for 2–6 keV photons. This instrument has several beneficial characteristics for advanced x-ray spectroscopy studies in the laboratory, at synchrotron light sources, at x-ray free electron lasers, or when using pulsed x-ray sources such as for laser plasma physics research. These characteristics include fine position and energy resolution for individual photon events, high saturation rates, frame rates above 100 Hz, easy user maintenance for damaged sensors, and software for real-time processing. We evaluate this camera as an alternative to traditional energy-...
Tumor Location May Predict Adverse Pathology and Survival Following Definitive Treatment for Bladder Cancer: A National Cohort Study.

Abstract Background While urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is often considered a multifocal disease, the location of the dominant tumor may be prognostic. Objective To determine the association between intravesical tumor location and both adverse pathological outcomes as well as overall survival. Design, settings, and participants Patients in the National Cancer Database (2010–2015) with nonmetastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder who underwent primary treatment with radical cystectomy (RC; n = 3464) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT; n = 699). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Multivariable logistic regressions assessed the prognostic ability of tumor location to predict adverse pathology at RC (nodal metastases [pN + ] or advanced stage [pT3–4]). Cox regressions were used to determine the effect of tumor location on overall survival in patients treated with RC or CRT. Results and limitations Following RC, 822 (24%) patients were pN+ and 1551 (55%) were pT3–4. Trigonal tumors were most likely to have adverse pathology (31% pN+ and 59% pT3–4), while anterior wall tumors were the least (19% pN+ and 50% pT3–4). Relative to the anterior wall, trigone (odds ratio [OR] 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–2.43, p = 0.012) and bladder neck (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.11–2.90, p = 0.018) tumors were associated with increased odds of pN+ and dome (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.08–2.24, p = 0.017) with pT3–4. In those patients treated with primary CRT, trigone involvement was associated with worse survival (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.17–2.13, p = 0.003). Limitations included unmeasured variables and a relatively few number of patients with certain tumor locations. Conclusions Trigone and bladder neck tumors are associated with increased odds of nodal involvement, and dome with a higher tumor stage at RC. Patients with trigone involvement may have worse overall survival following CRT. Patient summary Location of the tumor within the bladder may be associated with worse cancer staging at the time of the surgery and worse survival following chemoradiotherapy.
Matters of Life and Death in the Immune System

Apoptotic function in the immune response is a matter of life and death for an organism. A robust immune response is vital for the survival of any organism fighting infection. In order for an effective immune response to be launched, the apoptotic mechanisms used to shape that response have to function properly. Many more immune cells are generated than required in order to produce a few that can effectively discriminate between and respond to foreign antigens within a vast pool of self peptides. These cells undergo a gauntlet of apoptotic checkpoints during and after development that ensure they are able to fully respond to challenges. Subsets of immune cells even use these same proapoptotic pathways to control their targets. Indeed, understanding matters of life and death in the immune system really means understanding how apoptosis shapes almost every aspect of the immune response.
Abstract WP87: Defining Ischemic Core in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Multiparametric Bayesian-Based Model

Purpose: Bayesian model has shown promising results to offset noise-related variability in perfusion analysis. Using baseline CTP in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), we aim to find optima...
Zero-energy pinning of topologically trivial bound states in multiband semiconductor-superconductor nanowires

Recent tunneling conductance measurements on semiconductor-superconductor nanowires find zero-bias peaks to be ubiquitous across wide ranges of chemical potential and Zeeman energy J. Chen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 107703 (2019). Motivated by this, we demonstrate that topologically trivial Andreev abound states (ABSs) pinned near zero energy are produced rather generically in inhomogeneous systems with multiband occupancy in the presence of interband coupling. We first investigate the interband coupling mechanism responsible for the pinning within a multiband one-dimensional toy model, then we confirm the findings using a three-dimensional Schr\"odinger-Poisson approach that incorporates the geometric and electrostatic details of the actual device. Our analysis shows that level repulsion generated by interband coupling can lead to a rather spectacular pinning of the lowest-energy mode near zero energy in systems (or regions) characterized by very short length scales ($\ensuremath{\sim}100\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$). We show that level repulsion between the lowest-energy levels can mimic the gap opening feature (simultaneous with the emergence of a near-zero-energy mode) predicted to occur in Majorana hybrid systems. We also demonstrate that nearly zero-bias differential conductance features exhibiting particle-hole asymmetry are due to the presence of (topologically trivial) ABSs pinned near zero energy by level repulsion, not to Majorana zero modes, quasi-Majoranas, or any other low-energy mode that involves (partially) separated Majorana bound states. Our findings demonstrate the importance of understanding in detail multiband physics and electrostatic effects in the context of the ongoing search for Majorana modes in semiconductor-superconductor heterostructures.
Pressing the rewarding button: The relationship between impulsivity, fatigue, and reward sensitivity

Abstract This manuscript consists of a study and a direct replication of it examining the interactive effect of self-regulatory depletion and impulsivity on points earned in a progressive ratio task. In study 1 (n = 238), participants first completed a measure of delay discounting. Next, they underwent depletion exercises or control exercises. Finally, they completed a progressive ratio task in which they were able to earn points. Non-depleted people performed the same on this task regardless of their level of impulsivity. However, for depleted people, impulsive people earned the most points. This study suggested that when depleted, people prone to instant gratification will work harder than their less impulsive counterparts to earn rewards. To examine the reliability of these findings, we then did a high-powered, direct replication of this study (n = 782). In the replication, we found null results. This pre-registered, well-powered study suggests the findings of study one were a type I error. The findings of study 2 suggest no effect of self-regulatory attention on tasks related to earning points.
Unraveling the multiscale damping properties of two-dimensional layered MXene

MXene has emerged as an exciting two-dimensional nanomaterial because of its interesting multifunctional properties. In this paper, the authors report the multiscale damping behaviors of pure MAX a...
Debating the Faith in Early Islamic Egypt

This article explores a series of doctrinal disputations held in early Islamic Egypt, and known through the Hodegos of Anastasius of Sinai (fl. c. 670–c. 700). Using the text's prosopographical and contextual cues, it argues that these disputations occurred in the 680s, in the aftermath of Constantinople's Sixth Ecumenical Council (680/1), the decisions of which had thrown the Chalcedonian Christians of the caliphate into conflict and schism. In 686, it is argued, Anastasius had confronted the famed Edessene and Severan Athanasius bar Gūmōyē before the Marwānid prince ‘Abd al-'Azīz at Fusṭāṭ, and there been defeated. That defeat is indicative of the new-found position of the Egyptian Severan Church, which now flourished under Marwānid patronage.
Total Knee Arthroplasty Technique: MAKO

The MAKO robotic arm-assisted total knee replacement is a semi-active system. Haptic guidance is used to precisely and safely position and align components. Component position and alignment is pre-planned after creating a 3-D virtual model from CT imaging and can be modified as needed throughout the procedure. The computer will show compartment gaps and overall alignment during the procedure to assist with soft tissue balancing and facilitate bone recuts.
Exploring the latitude of attitude: Intentions to breastfeed among adolescents in Lebanese schools.

School-based breastfeeding education (SBBE) may help improve breastfeeding rates in the long-term by targeting children and adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, skills, and intentions. Breastfeeding rates in Lebanon are suboptimal. Psychosocial drivers of breastfeeding intention among the youth are unknown. We administered a survey to 658 high school students (448 females; 210 males) at two large Lebanese schools to understand intentions, intention drivers, and views on SBBE as means to guide SBBE programme design on the basis of the theory of planned behaviour. We collected information on demographics, intention to breastfeed/support wife to breastfeed future. Intention was predicted by attitude related to breastfeeding health outcomes and family normative beliefs-χ2 (25) = 115, P < .001 for males, and χ2 (39.3) = 186, P < .001 for females. Among females, intention was also positively associated with being breastfed, higher socio-economic status, and being more accepting of public breastfeeding. Seventy-eight per cent of students felt they were not learning enough about breastfeeding in school but were interested in SBBE through didactic teaching methods and interactive experiences. Findings indicate that breastfeeding intention among adolescent students is not merely influenced by the extent of knowledge but by more complicated psychosocial drivers that may differ by gender. Our findings also suggest a misalignment exists between what schools are providing with what students feel they need, thereby opening up a potential space for intervention.
When a Heavy Tailed Service Minimizes Age of Information

Age-of-information (AoI) is a newly proposed performance metric of information freshness. It differs from the traditional delay metric, because it is destination centric and measures the time that elapsed since the last received fresh information update was generated at the source. We show that AoI and packet delay differ in a fundamental way in certain systems, i.e. minimizing one can imply maximizing the other.We consider two queueing systems, namely a single server last come first serve queue with preemptive service (LCFSp) and G/G/∞ queue, and show that a heavy tailed service distribution, that results in the worst case packet delay or variance in packet delay, respectively, minimizes AoI. For the specific case of M/G/1 LCFSp and G/G/∞ queue, we also prove that deterministic service, that minimizes packet delay and variance in packet delay, respectively, results in the worst case AoI.
Unrestricted Direct Access to Physical Therapist Services Is Associated With Lower Health Care Utilization and Costs in Patients With New-Onset Low Back Pain.

Background Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent conditions for which patients seek physical therapy in the United States. The American Physical Therapy Association categorizes direct access to physical therapist services into 3 levels: limited, provisional, and unrestricted. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of level of access to physical therapist services with LBP-related health care utilization and costs. Design This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with new-onset LBP between 2008 and 2013; data were from OptumLabs Data Warehouse. Methods We identified 59,670 individuals who were 18 years old or older, who had new-onset LBP, and who had commercial or Medicare Advantage insurance through a private health plan. We examined 2 samples. The first was health care utilization among individuals who saw a physical therapist first in states with either unrestricted access or provisional access. The second was LBP-related costs among individuals who saw either a physical therapist or a primary care physician first. Results Individuals who saw a physical therapist first in states with provisional access had significantly higher measures of health care utilization within 30 days, including plain imaging and frequency of physician visits, than individuals who saw a physical therapist first in states with unrestricted access. Compared with individuals who saw a primary care physician first, pooled across provisional-access and unrestricted-access states, those who saw a physical therapist first in provisional-access states had 25% higher relative costs at 30 days and 32% higher relative costs at 90 days, whereas those who saw a physical therapist first in unrestricted-access states had 13% lower costs at 30 days and 32% lower costs at 90 days. Limitations This was a claims-based study with limited information on patient characteristics, including severity and duration of pain. Conclusions Short-term LBP-related health care utilization and costs were lower for individuals in unrestricted-access states than in provisional-access states.
Synchronous Online Journal Club to Connect Subspecialty Trainees across Geographic Barriers.

Introduction: Journal club holds a well-respected place in medical education by promoting critical review of the literature and fostering scholarly discussions. Journal clubs are often not available to trainees with niche interests due to the geographic limitations of subspecialty programs such assimulation, medical education, disaster medicine, ultrasound, global health, and women’s health.Methods: A recurring online journal club was held on a quarterly basis to connect simulation fellows. An online conferencing program with screen-sharing capabilities served as the platform for this scholarly exchange. Articles were presented by fellows supported by more seasoned mentors. We surveyed participants to evaluate the program and provide feedback to the presenter.Results: The first eight sessions drew participants from across the United States and Canada. The program was highly rated by participants who commented specifically on its value. Presenters were also highly rated, suggesting that fellows, with online support and mentoring, were effective in providing a quality program.Conclusion: Online synchronous journal clubs can fill an educational niche for subspecialists andtheir trainees, as demonstrated with this curriculum piloted with simulation fellows. Challenges of scheduling across time zones, distribution of materials, and recruitment of participants can be overcome by a dedicated team of facilitators aided by readily accessible technology.
Risk Factors for Bleeding and Clinical Ineffectiveness Associated With Clopidogrel Therapy: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.

Although clopidogrel is a frequently used antiplatelet medication to treat and prevent atherothrombotic disease, clinicians must balance its clinical effectiveness with the potential side effect of bleeding. However, many previous studies have evaluated beneficial and adverse factors separately. The objective of our study was to perform a comprehensive meta-analysis of studies of clopidogrel's clinical effectiveness and/or risk of bleeding in order to identify and assess all reported risk factors, thus helping clinicians to balance patient safety with drug efficacy. We analyzed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of maintenance use in four stages: search for relevant primary articles; abstract and full article screening; quality assessment and data extraction; and synthesis and data analysis. Screening of 7,109 articles yielded 52 RCTs that met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-seven risk factors were identified. "Definite risk factors" were defined as those with aggregated odds ratios (ORs) > 1 and confidence intervals (CIs) > 1 if analyzed in more than one study. Definite risk factors for major bleeding were concomitant aspirin use (OR 2.83, 95% CI 2.04-3.94) and long duration of clopidogrel therapy (> 6 months) (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.21-2.50). Dual antiplatelet therapy, extended clopidogrel therapy, and high maintenance dose (150 mg/day) of clopidogrel were definite risk factors for any bleeding. Reduced renal function, both mild and severe, was the only definite risk factor for clinical ineffectiveness. These findings can help clinicians predict the risks and effectiveness of clopidogrel use for their patients and be used in clinical decision support tools.
Near-linear-time deterministic plane Steiner spanners for well-spaced point sets

Abstract We describe an algorithm that takes as input n points in the plane and a parameter ϵ, and produces as output an embedded planar graph having the given points as a subset of its vertices in which the graph distances are a ( 1 + ϵ ) -approximation to the geometric distances between the given points. For point sets in which the Delaunay triangulation has sharpest angle α, our algorithm's output has O ( β 2 ϵ n ) vertices, its weight is O ( β α ) times the minimum spanning tree weight where β = 1 α ϵ log ⁡ 1 α ϵ . The algorithm's running time, if a Delaunay triangulation is given, is linear in the size of the output. We use this result in a similarly fast deterministic approximation scheme for the traveling salesperson problem.
Investigating reactivity and electronic structure of copper(II)-polypyridyl complexes and hydrogen peroxide

Abstract This work presents a detailed study of the reactivity of three mononuclear CuII complexes supported by derivatives of the tetradentate ligand N,N'-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine (bispicen). The CuII complexes are capable of performing C H bond activation in the presence of NEt3 and H2O2 through what has been proposed computationally to be a [CuO]+ intermediate. A wavefunction-based quantum chemical investigation into the electronic structure of the proposed [CuO]+ intermediate reveals a triplet ground state predominantly consistent with an S = ½ CuII center ferromagnetically coupled to an oxyl radical, though contributions from the corresponding biradicaloid CuI-oxene resonance structure may be nontrivial. Furthermore, correlation of the electronic structure of the proposed intermediate with analogous high-valent metal-oxo species capable of olefin epoxidation suggests that the CuII complexes might be also capable of olefin epoxidation in the presence of NEt3 and H2O2. To test this hypothesis experimentally, the CuII complexes are treated with NEt3 and H2O2 in the presence of alkene substrates, resulting in the formation of epoxides.
Transatlantic Terror: James Hammond’s Circulating Library and the Minerva Press Gothic Novel

This essay examines the cataloguing practices of James Hammond, the proprietor of a large nineteenth-century New England circulating library, and the marginalia in his collection of sixty-five Minerva Press gothic novels, which were later acquired by the New York Society Library in New York City. Hammond’s catalogues, four of which are examined here, arranged and altered Minerva titles and authors and appended reviews. These promotional strategies foregrounded the gothic content of these novels and attested to their quality. In so doing, the catalogues assisted subscribers in selecting books and prepared them for reading those selections. If Hammond’s catalogs prepared patrons for quality gothic reading experiences, the novels’ marginalia reshaped patrons’ expectations and influenced their engagement with the novels. Written by other subscribers or earlier readers, these marginalia evaluated the novels and commented on their gothic and non-gothic elements. In the process, the marginalia sometimes supported, and at other times conflicted with, Hammond’s promotional strategies. For Hammond’s patrons, the catalogues and the marginalia constituted two points of entry into the Minerva gothic novel. Only by examining both the catalogues and the marginalia can scholars assess the degree to which Minerva’s gothic novels terrified and delighted New England readers decades after the press’s London heyday.
A Step-by-Step Guide to Chapter 7 Consumer Bankruptcy in Arkansas from the Debtor's Perspective

With record levels of unemployment in Arkansas contributing to rising bankruptcy filings, the increased demand for bankruptcy representation should incentivize attorneys to consider developing a fundamental working knowledge of bankruptcy law. This article provides a resource guide for the assessment, preparation and filing of consumer chapter 7 (liquidation) individual and joint bankruptcies. The article’s scope includes: (1) an overview of bankruptcy; (2) background on debtor-creditor law generally; (3) relevant sources of bankruptcy and non-bankruptcy law and procedure; (4) distinctions among the various types of consumer bankruptcy; (5) the steps in a typical chapter 7 case; (6) information on the official bankruptcy forms; and (7) references to helpful resources. As attorneys develop and improve their competency in consumer bankruptcy, the Arkansas bar's capability to provide access to justice for the poorest in our society will be enhanced.
Primary Care Physician Perspectives on Recommending E-cigarettes to Smokers: a Best-Worst Discrete Choice Experiment

Recent clinical trials suggest that e-cigarettes may be more effective for smoking cessation than traditional cessation aids, yet primary care physician (PCP) practices regarding e-cigarette recommendations for smokers have not been studied in-depth. To identify factors influencing PCP recommendation of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. Discrete choice experiment and survey. Florida PCPs. The survey included a discrete choice experiment in which PCPs indicated whether they would recommend e-cigarettes for each of 8 hypothetical patient profiles with the following contrasting characteristics: e-cigarette use, interest in approved cessation methods, smoking intensity, prior experience with approved cessation medications, quit intention, age, and comorbidity. Responses were summarized using descriptive statistics and standardized scores (SS). The sample (n = 216) was predominately male (76%), white (66%), and non-Hispanic (78%), and most respondents had held their medical degree for 20+ years (77%). The response rate was 28.7%. Most PCPs thought e-cigarettes were at least somewhat effective for smoking cessation (66%) and lowering disease risk (65%); 31% perceived e-cigarettes to be equally/more effective than traditional cessation aids. PCPs were split regarding whether e-cigarettes were less (50%) or equally harmful (38%) as cigarettes. Yet, few were very confident in their ability to counsel patients on e-cigarettes risks (27%) or benefits (15%). PCPs recommended e-cigarettes in 27% of patient profiles they evaluated. The most important factors influencing the decision to recommend or not recommend e-cigarette were patients’ prior use of nicotine replacement therapy with (SS = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.17–0.27) and without use of other medications for cessation (SS = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.13–0.23), and being middle age (50 years old) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (SS = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.10–0.23). Considering the increased patient use of e-cigarettes and increasing use for cessation, this study highlights the need for guidelines and education to aid PCPs’ counseling of patients about e-cigarette use.
Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is often defined as a side effect brought on by damage to the peripheral nerves caused by exposure to a chemotherapeutic agent. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a very common side effect of chemotherapy. Its prevalence varies from 19% to over 85%. The symptoms are mostly from sensory neuropathy that may be accompanied by motor and autonomic dysfunction. With more effective chemotherapy, cancer survival is increasing, but the incidence of chemo-induced neuropathy has emerged as a major problem both for cancer survivors and treating physicians. The pathophysiology is variable and poorly understood. There is no single effective method of preventing CIPN, and the options of treating this condition are very limited. There are six main substance groups that cause damage to peripheral sensory, motor, and autonomic neurons, which result in the development of CIPN: platinum-based antineoplastic agents, vinca alkaloids, epothilones (ixabepilone), taxanes, proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib), and immunomodulatory drugs (thalidomide). Onset of symptoms is variable usually few weeks to months after the therapy is started. Usually its doses are related and can be severe enough for patient to opt out of live saving chemotherapy. With prevalence up to 85%, it is a major medical issue.
Outcomes of periprosthetic distal femur fractures following total knee arthroplasty: Intramedullary nailing versus plating.

Abstract Background Periprosthetic distal femur fractures (PPDFFs) present a challenge in terms of optimizing fixation in patients with poor bone quality and limited bone stock. The main treatment options include laterally based plating and intramedullary nailing. We hypothesized that treatment of PPDFFs with intramedullary nails would result in improved union rate, fewer complications, and an equivalent rate of malalignment compared to plating. Materials and methods Cases of PPDFFs were identified through a query of our institutional trauma database between 2011-2018. Adult patients (>18 years) were included if they sustained a fracture of the distal femur around a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) that was not initially treated at another institution. The anatomic lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA) and the anatomic posterior distal femoral angle (aPDFA) were measured on the follow-up radiographs. Results Ninety-seven PPDFFs in 97 patients, with a mean age of 76 years and 74% female were identified. Plating was used in 74 patients (76%) and 23 patients (24%) were treated with intramedullary nailing. Extension deformity in the sagittal plane was more common following intramedullary nailing compared to plating (10/23 nailing versus 10/74 plating) (p=0.002). There were 12 reoperations (12/75, 16%), and the method of fixation was not associated with rate of reoperation (p=0.9). Conclusion Intramedullary nailing was associated with an increased risk of malalignment, most commonly an extension deformity, in this series. However, malalignment was not associated with worse outcomes.
Embryonic development of the camouflaging dwarf cuttlefish, Sepia bandensis.

Background The dwarf cuttlefish Sepia bandensis, a camouflaging cephalopod from the Indo-Pacific, is a promising new model organism for neuroscience, developmental biology, and evolutionary studies. Cuttlefish dynamically camouflage to their surroundings by altering the color, pattern, and texture of their skin. The skin's "pixels" (chromatophores) are controlled by motor neurons projecting from the brain. Thus, camouflage is a visible representation of neural activity. In addition to camouflage, the dwarf cuttlefish uses dynamic skin patterns for social communication. Despite more than 500 million years of evolutionary separation, cuttlefish and vertebrates converged to form limbs, camera-type eyes and a closed circulatory system. Moreover, cuttlefish have a striking ability to regenerate their limbs. Interrogation of these unique biological features will benefit from the development of a new set of tools. Dwarf cuttlefish reach sexual maturity in 4 months, they lay dozens of eggs over their 9-month lifespan, and the embryos develop to hatching in 1 month. Results Here, we describe methods to culture dwarf cuttlefish embryos in vitro and define 25 stages of cuttlefish development. Conclusion This staging series serves as a foundation for future technologies that can be used to address a myriad of developmental, neurobiological, and evolutionary questions.
Anatomic vs. reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of Walch B2 glenoid morphology: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Walch B2 glenoid morphology with glenohumeral osteoarthritis is a difficult degenerative pattern to manage for shoulder surgeons. Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) in combination with eccentric reaming or bone grafting are the traditional methods of treatment. Newer approaches such as TSA with posteriorly augmented glenoid components and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) may offer better stability for the posteriorly subluxated biconcave B2 wear pattern. The aim of this systematic review is to compare mid-term surgical and functional outcomes of Walch B2 glenoids without significant rotator cuff pathology treated with TSA and RSA. Methods The review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines by searching the MEDLINE (PubMed) and Embase (Elsevier) databases. Inclusion criteria were clinical studies that evaluated the outcomes and complications of TSA or RSA in the setting of B2 glenoid morphology without significant rotator cuff pathology. Data relevant to TSA and RSA surgical outcomes were extracted and compiled, and outcomes were compared. A meta-analysis of proportions of complication and revision rates among TSA and RSA groups was performed. Results Overall, 16 articles were included with 414 TSAs and 78 RSAs. The average follow-up duration was 54.1 ± 14.8 months for patients undergoing TSA and 44.8 ± 10.1 months for patients undergoing RSA. The TSA group was further subdivided based on the use of eccentric reaming (135 TSAs), an augmented glenoid component (84 TSAs), or bone grafting (11 TSAs) or was unspecified (184 TSAs). Overall, patients undergoing TSA and RSA demonstrated mean improvements of 50.1 ± 8.5° and 64.7 ± 5.2° in active flexion, 58.5 ± 10.3° and 68.9 ± not reported° in active abduction, and 31.3 ± 5.7° and 29.0 ± 10.2° in active external rotation, respectively. In regard to functional outcome scores, patients undergoing TSA and RSA showed mean Constant score improvements of 38.8 ± 5.3 and 46.6 ± 3.1 points and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score improvements of 48.2 ± 1.0 and 49.2 ± 25.3 points, respectively. Results of the meta-analysis with mid-term follow-up data demonstrated pooled complication rates of 9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1%-22%) for TSA and 6% (95% CI, 0%-28%) for RSA and pooled revision rates of 2% (95% CI, 0%-8%) for TSA and 1% (95% CI, 0%-15%) for RSA. Conclusion In the setting of Walch B2 glenoid morphology, TSA with eccentric reaming or an augmented component yields comparable outcomes to RSA. Based on the patient's age, activity level, and expectations, both TSA and RSA can be considered a reasonable option to treat Walch B2 glenoid morphology.
Takotsubo syndrome after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.

Abstract The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic has affected millions worldwide with prevention efforts culminating in the development of a vaccine. An mRNA vaccine, developed by Moderna (Cambridge, MA, USA), mounts an immunologic response leading to antibody neutralization. Commonly reported vaccine side effects include myalgia, fever, and chills, with low reported rates of cardiovascular events. This case demonstrates the development of takotsubo syndrome (TTS) after administration of the COVID-19 vaccine. A 73-year-old woman with recently diagnosed myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary atherosclerosis (MINOCA) presented with typical chest pain starting less than a day after receiving the Moderna vaccine. She had troponin elevations and new ST-segment abnormalities. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) findings were consistent with mid-ventricular TTS. Treatment included diuretics, beta-blockers, and angiotensin receptor blockers. Prior to discharge, repeat imaging showed improvement in systolic function. This case presents a post-menopausal woman with a recent diagnosis of MINOCA who developed TTS shortly after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Risk factors including sex, age, MINOCA, anxiety about the vaccine, and possibly the vaccine itself may have all contributed to the TTS presentation. TTS may occur after COVID-19 vaccination, and appreciation of this potential rare association is important for evaluating vaccine safety and optimizing patient outcomes.
Trends in ureteral surgery on an academic gynecologic oncology service.

Abstract Objective To describe the incidence, complications, and trends associated with ureteral surgeries on a gynecologic oncology service in the context of a fellowship training program over a 24-year period. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of ureteral surgeries by gynecologic oncologists at either Moffitt Cancer Center or Tampa General Hospital from 1997 to 2020. Patient characteristics, predisposing factors, location and type of injury, repair method, postoperative management and complications were abstracted from the medical record. The recent cohort (2005–2020) was compared to our prior series (1997–2004). Results Eighty-eight cases were included. The average number of ureteral surgeries per year decreased from 5.75 (1997–2004) to 2.63 (2005–2020). Of 46 iatrogenic injuries, 45 were recognized and repaired intraoperatively. Ureteral transection was the most common type (85% [39 of 46]) and the distal 5 cm was the most common location of injury (63% [29 of 46]). Ureteroneocystostomy was the most common method of repair (83% [73 of 88]). Postoperative management, including stenting and imaging, has not changed significantly. Length of urinary catheter usage decreased in the recent cohort without associated complications. Five patients had major postoperative complications and 4 involved the urinary tract. Of those with follow-up, 96% (66 of 69) of ureteroneocystostomies and 75% (9 of 12) of ureteroureterostomies had radiologically normal urinary tracts. Conclusions Ureteral surgery is necessary in the case of injury or involvement with invasive disease. There has been a decrease in number of procedures. Ureteroneocystostomy has remained the most common method of reconstruction for both injury and resection with acceptable postoperative complication rates.
A MONOMIAL CHARACTER OF FISCHER'S BABY MONSTER

Publisher Summary Monomial representations of a finite group are modified permutation representations. This chapter discusses this point of view by exploring the degrees of the irreducible constituents of a certain monomial character of the group whose existence has been predicted by B. Fischer, now referred to as the baby monster. These degrees have been determined by J. Leon by a completely different method. The chapter discusses the concepts of monomial spaces and weights in this context.
Suicide ideation and suicide attempt among Asian American youth in United States: Examining the effects of parental support, educational satisfaction, exposure to suicidal behaviors and religion affiliation

v CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 8 CHAPTER THREE: DATA, METHOD, ADNANALYSES 26 CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS 38 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONAND DISCUSSION 68 REFERENCES 75