cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Propafenone disposition kinetics in cardiac arrhythmia

Propafenone disposition kinetics were studied after intravenous and oral doses in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. Plasma concentration–time data were fit to a two-compartment model for all but one patient, whose data required fitting to a three-compartment model. The model-independent calculated values of clearance, steady-state volume of distribution, and terminal t½ were 11.2 ± 4.8 ml/min/kg, 3.6 ± 2.1 l/kg, and 5.0 ± 3.6 hr. After 5 days on oral propafenone, elimination t½ was 6.2 ± 3.3 hr. The longer t½s and the estimates of steady-state bioavailability above 100% suggests that clearance decreases during chronic oral dosing. Considerable intersubject variability was noted in all disposition parameters. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1984) 36, 163–168; doi:10.1038/clpt.1984.157
Pectoralis major defect and Poland sequence in second cousins: Extension of the Poland sequence spectrum

We report on a patient with congenital absence of the left pectoralis major muscle, whose second cousin had the full Poland sequence. This suggests that isolated pectoralis major muscles defect should be included in the spectrum of anomalies characterized as the Poland sequence, postulated to result from disruption of blood supply in the embryonic subclavian and vertebral arteries, the site and degree of obstruction determining the sites and severity of the resulting anomalies. Very few cases are familial; in these the family pattern is compatible with an autosomal dominant mutant gene with reduced penetrance or delayed mutation.
Usefulness of non-detachable balloons in endovascular treatment for cerebral aneurysms

An endovascular non-detachable balloon technique was used to treat 14 patients with cerebral aneurysms. Eight patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage, and six others presented with headache or mass effect. Six aneurysms were located in the anterior circulation and eight in the posterior circulation. Seven aneurysms were giant, three were large, and four were small. All target aneurysms or vessels were occluded successfully. Parent vessel was successfully spared in seven cases. There were no procedural complications related to the non-detachable nature of the balloon used. Follow-up angiography detected refilling of aneurysms in three of 11 patients, two with small ruptured aneurysms that bled again following partial deflation or balloon movement. The other aneurysms tested remained occluded, as demonstrated on follow-up angiograms, for up to 15 months. Outcomes were good to excellent in 10 patients, poor in one, and three died. Non-detachable balloons might be preferred for treatment of certain types of cerebral aneurysms including those where intraaneurysmal maneuvers might be considered dangerous, for example, with recent bleeding or intraluminal fresh clots; where precise placement of the balloon is required, for example, in the vicinity of perforators or collaterals emerging near the neck; and where detachment could be dangerous or difficult in broad neck and fusiform aneurysms or in tortuous parent vessels.
Karl Barth and the Question of Atheism

In light of the contemporary growth of atheism in the West, this article examines Karl Barth’s response to the atheism of the modern period with an eye towards understanding how Barth’s idiosyncrat...
WHAT ART THOU MACANDREW SCALE? CONFUSION AND ERRATA IN HIGH PLACES

Summmy.-As one of the most widely used and studied of the special scales of the MMPI, it is important for clinicians and researchers to know that there are errors and conflicts in major sources as to the exact composition of the MacAndrew scale, especially with respect to the inclusion of obvious items. Most psychologists rely on secondary sources rather than primary ones which are generally less accessible. Recently, the author consulted two texts, one of which (Dahlstrom, Welsh, & Dahlscrom, 1975) is among the most widely used authoritative sources on the MMPI. It was in conflict with a second popular text (Graham, 1977) with respect to the item composition of the MacAndrew Alcoholism scale ( MacAndrew, 1965). Since che MacAndrew scale (MAC) has had rather widespread adoption as compared with other special scales of the MMPI, it seemed desirable to call this to the attention of researchers and clinicians. Furthermore, Graham ( 1977, p. 162) refers to a 51-item scale and enumerates 49 items in the text. The two obvious items with respect to item content, Numbers 215 and 460, both of which refer explicitly to alcohol consumption, are omitted from the scale in this source. This omission is a reasonable one in view of the analyses presented in che original article (MacAndrew, 1965), which demonstrated that validity was not remarkably affected by this exclusion, and it was felt that elimination of these items would reduce the effect of a "faking good set on the part of the subject. However, his discrepancy in numbers of designated items might perplex a reader. Furthermore, the newly adopted National Computer Systems (NCS) profile is based on the 51-item MAC scale rather than the 49item form recommended by MacAndrew, and the norms are correspondingly affected, e.g., for men the mean is 22, which is very near the recommended cut-off score. The MMPI Handbook (Dahlstrom, et al., 1975, p. 284) includes the obvious items without identifying them as such. Furthermore, one item, Number 357, is erroneously included on the scale, and an adjacent item, Number 356, is omitted. These errors were corrected after the first printing; however, the initial printing has had wide distribution. It may be that none of the above deviations from the original scale would substantially alter research data based on a 49- or 51-item scale or clinical interpretation. However, Dahlstrom, Welsh, and Dahlstrom have pointed out when referring to earlier errors in the special scales of Vol. 1 of the Handbook 'Request reprints from E. R. Sinnett. 217 Southwind Place, Manhattan, KS 66502.
Localized demodicosis due to Demodex cati on the muzzle of two cats treated with inhalant glucocorticoids.

Background Feline demodicosis due to Demodex cati is a rare skin disease often associated with concurrent disease and generalized immunosuppression. Local immunosuppression due to the application of topical immunomodulatory drugs, such as glucocorticoids and tacrolimus, or by tumour cells has been suggested as a potential trigger for development of localized demodicosis in humans and animals. Objectives The goal was to describe two cats with asthma that developed localized demodicosis on the muzzle as a result of chronic therapy with a glucocorticoid administered via dispensing inhaler mask. Results In both cats, the muzzle area exposed to the fluticasone-dispensing chamber exhibited patchy alopecia, mild erythema, crusting and scaling. Deep skin scraping revealed D. cati. Discontinuation or reduction of fluticasone and administration of milbemycin resulted in resolution of clinical signs within 2 months in both cats. A negative skin scrape was obtained after 7 months of milbemycin in one of the cats. Conclusions and clinical importance Demodicosis should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in cats with primary alopecia or other skin lesions on the face exposed to inhalant glucocorticoids. Minimization of contact between the inhalant glucocorticoid and the skin can be achieved by wiping residual powder from the face and by keeping the mask tightly pressed to the skin to avoid contact with the surrounding area.
The Use of Herbal Medicine by Older Mexican Americans

Background. Little is known about use of herbal medicines by older Mexican Americans. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics among older Mexican Americans that correlate with use of herbal medicines. Methods. We administered a cross-sectional regional sample survey, the 1993-1994 Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly of Mexican Americans, by in-home interviews of noninstitutionalized older Mexican Americans age 65 and over living in Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and California. Results. The use of herbal medicine in the 2 weeks prior to the interview was reported by 9.8% of the sample. Chamomile and mint were the two most commonly used herbs. Users of herbal medicines were more likely to be women, born in Mexico, over age 75, living alone, and experiencing some financial strain. Having arthritis, urinary incontinence, asthma, and hip fracture were also associated with an elevated use of herbal medicines, whereas heart attacks were not. We found that herbal medicine use was substantially higher among individuals reporting any disability in activities of daily living, poor self-reported health, and depressive symptoms. Herbal medicine use was associated with the use of over-the-counter medications but not with prescription medications. Herbal medicine use was particularly high among respondents who had over 24 physician visits during the year prior to interview . Conclusions. Herbal medication use is common among older Mexican Americans, particularly among those with chronic medical conditions, those who experience financial strain, and those who are very frequent users of formal health care services.
Applying artificial neural networks and virtual experimental design to quality improvement of two industrial processes

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are powerful tools to model the non-linear cause-and-effect relationships inherent in complex production processes, usually for process and quality control. This paper substantiates the concurrent application of ANNs and virtual design of experiments to quality improvement. For a chemical manufacturing process and a printed circuit board machining process, respectively, empirical ANN models were constructed and validated using historical data, which were further used to predict the outputs of well-designed process settings. The predicted results were then used to perform statistical tests and identify the significant factors and interactions that affect the quality-related output variables. For the production of a resin intermediate, it was revealed that the combination of low water concentration and an appropriate ratio of raw materials increases both the yield and product quality in a synergistic manner. For the machining of printed circuit board slot by a milling cutte...
Uniaxial orientation of linear low density polyethylene

Abstract : Only a few reported studies have involved the uniaxial orientation of LPDE and even less on LLDPE. It is our purpose to report on characteristics of uniaxially oriented films of LLDPE that contribute to property development. The LLDPE has been coextruded at 25 and at 80 C layered as ribbons within longitudinally split billets of HDPE. The LLPDE so drawn were characterized by thermal analysis, birefringence, elastic recovery and wide-angle x-ray measurements. As a result we can conclude that the drawing of LLDPE at the low temperature produces a relatively high content of monoclinic crystals. Originator supplied keywords include: Orientation; birefringence; elastic recovery; wide-angle x-ray; monoclinic; low-density; polyethylene.
A computer program for ground investigation data storage, manipulation and presentation

Abstract The development of a geotechnical data handling, storage and presentation program is described. The system has demonstrated its capability on a major ground investigation contract and is currently being further developed to enhance its capabilities. Use of the system will reduce the time spent by relatively expensive engineering staff on routine plotting tasks and allow them to use large data sets more fully prior to selection of design parameters.
Modeling the Clickstream: Implications for Web-Based Advertising Efforts

In this paper, we develop an analytical approach to modeling consumer response to banner ad exposures at a sponsored content Web site that reveals significant heterogeneity in (unobservable) click proneness across consumers. The effect of repeated exposures to banner ads is negative and nonlinear, and the differential effect of each successive ad exposure is initially negative, though nonlinear, and levels off at higher levels of passive ad exposures. Further, significant correlations between session and consumer click proneness and banner exposure sensitivity suggest gains from repeated banner exposures when consumers are less click prone. For a particular number of sessions, more clicks are generated from consumers who revisit over a longer period of time, than for those with the same number of sessions in a relatively shorter timeframe. We also find that consumers are equally likely to click on banner ads placed early or late in navigation path and that exposures have a positive cumulative effect in inducing click-through in future sessions. Our results have implications for online advertising response measurement and dynamic ad placement, and may help guide advertising media placement decisions.
Removal of Frameshift Intermediates by Mismatch Repair Proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

produce insertions. We previously used reversion of a 11 frameshift mutation to analyze the role of the mismatch repair (MMR) machinery in correcting 21 frameshift intermediates within a defined region of the yeast LYS2 gene. In this study, we have used reversion of a 21 frameshift mutation within the same region of LYS2 to analyze the role of the MMR machinery in the correction of frameshift intermediates that give rise to insertion events. We found that insertion and deletion events occur at similar rates but that the reversion spectra are very different in both the wild-type and MMR-defective backgrounds. In addition, analysis of the 11 spectra revealed novel roles for Msh3p and Msh6p in removing specific types of frameshift intermediates.
Revision of the Unstable Total Knee Arthroplasty: Outcome Predictors

Revision arthroplasty is often required for confirmed cases of symptomatic tibiofemoral instability after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We evaluated the results of revision for TKA instability in a consecutive series of 67 patients (68 knees) between 2000 and 2006. Outcome measures were surgeon-based assessment of knee stability, Knee Society Score, and Short Form Health Survey 36. At an average of 39 months of follow-up, the mean Knee Society Score and Short Form Health Survey 36 physical and mental scores were 76, 53, and 67 points, respectively. Knee instability persisted in 14 patients (22%). Data at the 95% confidence level revealed that revising both the femoral and tibial components, the use of femoral augments, and smaller joint line elevation as measured on radiographs correlated significantly with achieving a stable knee. In revision surgery for TKA instability, revision of both components and the use of femoral augments seem to offer the most predictable outcome.
The Effects of Farnesol on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms and Osteoblasts: An in Vitro Study

Background: Bacterial biofilms play a major role in chronic orthopaedic infections. Recently, farnesol (an antifungal agent) has been shown to express antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans . However, the effects of farnesol on the formation of bacterial biofilms on orthopaedic biomaterials and its effects on osteoblasts have not been investigated, to our knowledge, and are therefore the focus of this study. Methods: Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus (Seattle 1945GFPuvr) were grown on titanium alloy discs. The effects of soluble farnesol on biofilm formation with or without gentamicin were examined with fluorescence microscopy and in quantitative cultures. The effect of farnesol coated on titanium alloy discs was also investigated, as was the effect of the agent on MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells cultured on titanium alloy discs. Results: Soluble farnesol at a 30-mM concentration reduced the number of viable bacteria 104-fold and completely inhibited biofilm formation. Low concentrations of soluble farnesol (0.03 to 3 mM) did not inhibit biofilm formation and did not potentiate the effect of a submaximal concentration of gentamicin. Dried farnesol on titanium alloy discs reduced the number of viable bacteria fiftyfold. The effect of farnesol on bacterial biofilm formation lasted for at least three days. Soluble farnesol added after the biofilm had already formed also reduced the final number of viable bacteria, by fifty-six-fold. Soluble farnesol (3-mM and 30-mM concentrations) inhibited spreading of the MC3T3-E1 cells. Conclusions: In vitro, a high concentration of farnesol (30 mM) shows antimicrobial properties against bacterial biofilms; however, it also has a negative effect on pre-osteoblasts. Farnesol can also express antimicrobial activity when predried on titanium discs and when added to preformed biofilms. Clinical Relevance: As musculoskeletal infections remain a complicated problem, development of novel interventions to enhance prevention or treatment is necessary. Our study provides a basic knowledge of the effectiveness of farnesol against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms on titanium alloy surfaces. Although farnesol may have a clinical role, additional investigations, both in vitro and in vivo, are needed.
Combinatorial search for the ligands that specifically recognize the streptococcal collagen-like proteins Scl1 and Scl2

Phage-encoded peptide libraries are often used to study biomolecular interactions. We employed this combinatorial approach to identify ligands specific for the streptococcal collagen-like proteins, Scl1 and Scl2, which are expressed on the cell surface by group A Streptococcus. Several sequence motifs displayed by phages were selected for their binding ability to different Scl variants. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Neuronal network information processing through heterogeneities and resonance frequency shifts

How can groups of neurons selectively encode different memories? We investigated a possible mechanism for the selective activation of regions of a network based on the resonance properties of individual neurons and heterogeneities in the network connectivity. In network simulations of coupled resonate and fire neurons, we incorporated the experimentally observed phenomena of resonance frequency shift based on membrane voltage changes. We aim to understand to what extent the resonance frequency shift allows for the separation of signals. We find that formation of neuronal subgroups, whether through higher connectivity strength or number of connections can lead to different activation properties from the rest of the network.
Chemokine receptors and virus entry in the central nervous system

Several members of the chemokine receptor family are used as coreceptors together with CD4 for HIV and SIV entry in the central nervous system (CNS). CCR5 is the major coreceptor for HIV-1 infection of macrophages and microglia, the major target cells for HIV-1 infection in the CNS. CXCR4 and CCR3 are also expressed on microglia and can mediate infection by certain HIV-1 isolates but at lower efficiency than CCR5. Additional chemokine receptors that can function as HIV-1 and SIV coreceptors for a subset of viruses are expressed in the brain (i.e. Apj, CX3CR1, STRL33/BONZO, and gpr1), but their role in CNS infection has not been defined. The expression of CXCR4, and possibly other chemokine receptors, on subpopulations of neurons and glial cells may contribute to mechanisms of CNS injury that are independent of viral infection. Understanding the role of chemokine receptors and their chemokine ligands in HIV-1 and SIV infection of the CNS will elucidate mechanisms of viral tropism and pathogenesis and advance the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Release of calcitonin by cultures of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.

Three biopsies of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid were grown in monolayer culture. All three cultures initially released high levels of calcitonin into the medium, but the concentration of the hormone in the medium decreased with time in culture. Calcitonin secretion from the culture cells was not stimulated when the medium calcium concentration was increased from 1.8 to 3.6 mEq/L. Four peaks of calcitonin immunoreactivity were found when the culture medium of one cell line was fractionated by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-10. This closely corresponded to the heterogeneous molecular profile of calcitonin in the serum of this patient and other patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.
Smoke in the Looking Glass: Effects of Discordance Between Self- and Peer Rated Crowd Affiliation on Adolescent Anxiety, Depression and Self-feelings

Peer crowds serve as an identity marker for adolescents, indicating their image and status among peers; but adolescents do not always endorse peer appraisals of crowd affiliation. We report on two studies—one with 924 adolescents in grades 7–12 and a second with a more diverse population of 2,728 students in grades 9–11, followed for 2 years—that examined how congruence between peer and self-appraisals of crowd affiliation relate to self-esteem and internalizing symptoms. Analyses indicate that high-status crowd members may suffer and low-status crowd members benefit by denying their peer crowd affiliation, but effects are modest in size and not entirely consistent across the two studies. Findings underscore the value of symbolic interactionist principles concerning reflected appraisal processes in understanding how peer crowd affiliation affects adolescent self-image.
MEASUREMENT OF YIELD STRESS IN DARK CHOCOLATE USING CONTROLLED STRESS VANE METHOD

The controlled stress vane method was used to measure the yield stress in dark chocolate. Three vanes with different L/D ratios and five different stress rates were used in three different chocolate formulations. The vane displacement data did not indicate a definite yield phenomenon. When the vane displacement data were transformed into a ratio of vane velocity to elapsed time, the square root of vane velocity (SV) or the cube root of displacement, a definite yield phenomenon was observed. The SV was preferred on the basis of physical considerations and the linear regression of its derived yield stress on vane dimensions, stress rate and chocolate particle size. The value of the yield stress was the least when determined for a vane height to diameter ratio of 2 and at a stress rate of 3 Pa/min using the SV transformation.
Research traditions in provider-consumer interaction: implications for cancer care.

Abstract The increasing importance of communication in cancer research should play a role in shaping the research agendas of those interested in investigations involving providers and consumers of cancer care. The goal of this article is to identify existing programs of research specific to provider–patient relationships and infer implications for how these research traditions can lead to important research avenues in the cancer context. Research programs reviewed in this article include (a) relational control messages and (b) patient preferences for communication style. Each section briefly reviews some noteworthy trends emanating from that research tradition and concludes with implications for future research. In the final section, two promising directions of research are proposed for consumer–provider communication.
Single crystal silicon nanomechanisms for scanned-probe device arrays

The authors discuss the fabrication and operation of movable, integrated nanostructure mechanisms that produce precision motion. Two single crystal silicon (SCS) processes are outlined: COMBAT and SCREAM-I. Examples of self supporting, movable single crystal silicon springs and electric-field drive structures and probes (tips) with dimensions as small as 20 nanometers are described. These integrated devices include integrated resonant mass sensors, precision x-y stages for instrument and sensor applications including scanned-probed structures. Movable mechanical structures with cross-sectional dimensions of 150 nm*1000 nm have been fabricated using single crystal silicon. The nanofabrication process includes high resolution e-beam lithography, anisotropic reactive ion etching, and selective oxidation of silicon. The mechanical resonant frequency for these nanomechanical structures can be greater than 5 MHz. >
Automating layout of relational databases

The choice of database layout, i.e., how database objects such as tables and indexes are assigned to disk drives can significantly impact the I/O performance of the system. Today, DBAs typically rely on fully striping objects across all available disk drives as the basic mechanism for optimizing I/O performance. While full striping maximizes I/O parallelism, when query execution involves coaccess of two or more large objects, e.g., a merge join of two tables, the above strategy may be suboptimal due to the increased number of random I/O accesses on each disk drive. Here, we propose a framework for automating the choice of database layout for a given database that also takes into account the effects of coaccessed objects in the workload faced by the system. We formulate the above as an optimization problem and present an efficient solution to the problem that judiciously takes into account the trade-off between I/O parallelism and random I/O accesses. Our experiments on Microsoft SQL server show the superior I/O performance of our techniques compared to the traditional approach of fully striping each database object across all disk drives.
Sorcery and Shamanism: Curanderos and Clients In Northern Peru

Sorcery and Shamanism: Curanderos and Clients In Northern Peru. Donald Joralemon and Douglas Sharon. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, 1993. + 306 pp., figures, glossary, tables, notes, references, index.
Serum glycan analysis in metastatic breast cancer

11504 Background: There is a need for a reliable breast cancer biomarker that can predict a patient’s response to therapy. Serum glycans, or oligosaccharides, are of particular interest as over hal...
Eyes on the Ocean applying operational technology to enable science

A revolution in ocean observations is taking place in the world's oceans. The National Data Buoy Center (NDBC), which is in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) and located on Mississippi's Gulf Coast, is deploying an increasingly sophisticated and comprehensive operational ability to “see” and report back in real time what is happening in remote locations of the open, deep ocean, such as the equatorial Pacific Ocean, as well as in more near shore areas off the coastline of the United States (U.S.).
Question of purity of erythropoietic factor concentrates.

SummaryThe bulk of erythropoietic activity of anemic plasma can be concentrated in a fraction which represents less than 0.5% of plasma proteins. Yet from the similarity in yield and electrophoretic behavior of the corresponding inactive fraction from normal plasma, it appears likely that the erythropoietic factor constitutes only a small portion of the present concentrates.
Influence of Anoxia on Glycogenolytic Action of Adrenalin.

Conclusions1. Short periods of moderate anoxia (7% oxygen) act antagonistically to insulin hypoglycemia, whereas prolonged periods (2 hours) aggravate hypoglycemia. 2. The glycogenolytic action of adrenalin is increased during a short period of anoxia but greatly decreased or lost completely after a prolonged period of anoxia. 3. This loss of the glycogenolytic effect of adrenalin on the liver is not due to a depletion of the glycogen reserves of the liver.
DEVELOPMENTAL RATE AND COMPETITIVE ABILITY IN TRIBOLIUM. II. CHANGES IN COMPETITIVE ABILITY FOLLOWING FURTHER SELECTION FOR DEVELOPMENTAL RATE.

The relationship between fitness and metric traits which are components of fitness is an important problem in the current debate regarding the genetic structure of populations. Various models of population structure lead to different predictions regarding the ultimate effects of artificial selection on fitness, although an initial decline in reproductive ability is a general feature of all models. In previous papers (Dawson, 1965a, 1966a) I have outlined a genetic model for the relationship between developmental rate and competitive ability in flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum, and have presented results of competition experiments involving beetles from early generations of selection for developmental rate. To summarize these results briefly, mass selection for fast and slow development (measured as days from egg to pupa) in T. castaneum and for fast development in T. confusum was carried out for 21, 14, and 17 generations respectively. Selection was effective in all strains, with realized heritability estimates ranging from 0.10 to 0.20. A detailed analysis of phenotypic variance for developmental rate indicated that in T. castaneum about 15 and 21% of the variation was contributed by additive and dominance components, with the corresponding figures for T. confusum being 11 and 36% (Dawson, 1965b). Based on the results of the selection program and other studies involving the selected lines, it was concluded that developmental rate is maintained at an intermediate level in the foundation populations, possibly as a result of overdominance of genes for developmental rate with respect to fitness (Dawson, 1965a). A genetic model for the relationship between developmental rate and fitness (measured by competitive ability), based on Lerner's (1954) model of genetic homeostasis, was constructed. The model predicted that competitive ability of selected lines would decrease irrespective of the direction of selection. When beetles from early generations of selection were placed in competition with individuals from the foundation population of the opposite species, the predictions were borne out (Dawson, 1966a). In the present paper we shall be concerned with the results of competition experiments involving later generations of selection and with an attempt to explain the poor competitive ability of beetles from the early generations based on correlated responses to selection.
Waves Generated by Large Ships and Small Boats

The peak wave energy in a system of waves resulting from the passage of a ship is of importance in such problems as bank erosion, the motion of moored vessels, forces on fixed and floating docks, etc With respect to the bank erosion problem, the question often asked is whether the single passage of a large ship during a day, for example, is more damaging than numerous passages of small pleasure craft during the day With this in mind this study was conducted to determine the relative importance of the peak energy resulting from the passage of a Mariner class cargo ship and a pleasure cruiser.
Lunabotics Student Paper Award: The Montana Autonomous Lunar Excavator

An interdisciplinary engineering team tasked with building a robot for competitive performance must coordinate and integrate its design decisions to assure a functional and durable final product. This paper details the decision and implementation processes of the 2012 Lunar Excavator at Montana State University. Described are component vetting, implementation, integration, and testing for each of the mechanical, electrical, and computer systems.
Study on Disease Burden Estimate Among Welders' Pneumoconiosis in Jiangsu Province

Objective The economic and social benefits of welder pneumoconiosis prevention were studied. Methods Economic losing and morbidity status were investigated in inpatients of welder pneumoconiosis,disease burden was scaled by the disability-adjusted life year(DALY) generally,correlative factors that affected the DALY were analyzed,evitable losing of economy and healthy life on welder pneumoconiosis prevention was set forth. Results Age,classification of welder pneumoconiosis,morbidity ranking,and coinfection with tuberculosis were the primary influencing factors.The mean DALY of 68 welders was 9.37 healthy years.Annual direct economy burden was $16,695, annual total economy burden was $57,054. Conclusion The key of decreasing disease burden is that welder pneumoconiosis being prevented.
Diagnosis of acute stroke. How to relate presentation to vascular anatomy.

PreviewThe scenario is all too common. You receive a call at 2 AM from the emergency department informing you that one of your patients has probably had a stroke. How can you be sure? How will you do the workup? Could you have done anything to prevent this stroke? In this article, Dr Alberts helps you answer these questions by focusing on the diagnosis of acute ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
Moral nativism and moral psychology.

Moral psychology is both old and new. Old because moral thought has long been a central focus of theology and philosophy. Indeed, many of the theories that we explore today were proposed first by scholars such as Aristotle, Kant, and Hume. Young because the scientific study of morality—and, specifically, the study of what goes on in a person’s head when making a moral judgment—has been a topic of serious inquiry only over the last couple of decades. Even now, it is just barely mainstream. This chapter is itself a combination of the old and the new. I am going to consider two broad questions that would have been entirely familiar to philosophers such as Aristotle, but are also the topic of considerable contemporary research and theorizing: (1) What is our natural human moral endowment? (2) To what extent are moral judgments the products of our emotions? I will have the most to say about the first question, and will review a body of empirical work that bears on it; much of this research is still in progress. The answer to the second question will be briefer and more tentative, and will draw in part upon this empirical work. Many leading researchers, including other contributors to this volume, have their own answers to these questions, and at every point in this chapter, I will do my best to make contact
Abstract 4299: Short telomeres are associated with increased risk for arsenic-related skin lesions in Bangladesh

Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA Chronic exposure to arsenic, a human carcinogen, has been shown in epidemiologic studies to increase the risk of arsenical skin lesions (keratosis and melanosis) as well as cancer (including non-melanoma skin cancer). Recent studies suggest that the mechanism of arsenic's toxicity may be related to telomere dysfunction, including altered telomere length (TL), and differential expression of genes involved in telomere maintenance. However, prior studies of arsenic exposure, TL, and skin lesion tend to be small and cross-sectional in nature. In this study, we investigated the association between arsenic exposure and TL (measured by qPCR as T/S ratio), as well as TL and subsequent risk of skin lesion in individuals who are exposed to naturally contaminated drinking water with a wide range of arsenic levels in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) in Araihazar, Bangladesh (2000-2009). In all laboratory analyses, we attempted to randomize samples across plate positions, and in statistical analyses, we controlled for any residual confounding by plate or plate position. All TL data generated showed a strong inverse association with age. In a random sample of the baseline cohort (n = 649), we observed a positive association between water arsenic levels and TL (Ptrend = 0.035), with beta estimates of 0.001, 0.023, and 0.025 for water arsenic levels of 10.1-50ug/L, 50.1-150ug/L and 150+ug/L, respectively, compared to <10ug/L. However the association was not replicated in an independent random sample (n = 1181, Ptrend = 0.176) with beta estimates of 0.007, -0.004, and -0.017. In a nested case-control study comparing skin lesion incident cases diagnosed across a nine year period with sex- and age-matched controls (448 cases and 462 controls), we observed higher incident skin lesion risk with shorter TL (Ptrend = 4.6E-5), with odds ratios of 3.05, 1.30, and 1.21 for the first (shortest), second, and third TL quartiles compared to the longest. Our findings show that arsenic exposure is not strongly associated with TL, indicating that TL is likely not the main mode of action for arsenic's carcinogenic toxicity. However, TL is inversely associated with skin lesion risk, suggesting that short TL may be a biomarker of susceptibility for arsenical skin lesions independent of arsenic exposure. Citation Format: Chenan Zhang, Muhammad Kibriya, Farzana Jasmine, Shantanu Roy, Habibul Ahsan, Brandon L. Pierce. Short telomeres are associated with increased risk for arsenic-related skin lesions in Bangladesh. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4299.
Effects of UAS Performance Characteristics, Altitude, and Mitigation Concepts on Aircraft Encounters and Delays

Introduction of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into positively controlled airspace may cause greater per-aircraft impact on the National Airspace System than existing traffic because UAS aerodynamic performance and mission types are often different from aircraft that typically fly in positively controller airspace (i.e. commercial passenger traffic). This paper examines the impact new UAS operations will have on existing aircraft and measures that impact by the number of predicted conflicts and associated conflict resolution delays that occurred in fast-time simulation. The two conflict metrics are quantified as a function of the UAS altitude and cruise speed. Two mitigation approaches are also investigated: increasing horizontal separation requirements for UAS and “burdening” UAS with the responsibility to execute all resolution maneuvers when possible. Results indicate that en route conflict maneuver delay for existing traffic because of new UAS operations can be nearly eliminated by burdening UAS with...
Normal Structure and Function of the Placenta

The placenta is essentially a fetal organ; the umbilical cord, membranes, and chorionic villi all originate from the chorionic sac of the conceptus, and only the decidua, which comprises the maternal surface of the placenta and rims the membranes of the amniotic sac (the so-called bag of waters), is derived from maternal tissue. As such, the placenta is the interface between mother and baby throughout pregnancy, with the duration of a normal term gestation lasting about 40 weeks (the start of gestation being defined as the first day of the woman's last menstrual period). The primary function of the placenta is to transfer oxygen and nutrients from the maternal blood to the fetal circulation and to move carbon dioxide and waste products in the opposite direction. The placenta, however, is more than a biologic filter – it plays crucial roles in protecting the developing fetus from physical threats such as infection or trauma; it helps to modulate the mother's immune response that would otherwise reject the fetus's foreign, paternally derived antigens; it performs metabolic activities necessary for fetal survival; and it produces hormones that regulate fetal and maternal homeostasis throughout pregnancy. This article, the first in this section on the placenta, serves as an introduction to this unique organ, describing its basic form (normal anatomy) and function (roles in pregnancy and fetal development).
Organocatalytic Insertion of Isatins into Aryl Difluoronitromethyl Ketones.

An organocatalytic method that achieves insertion of isatins into aryl difluoronitromethyl ketones under mild conditions is described. The reaction occurs in the presence of 20 mol % of DBU and with 100% atom economy. A series of isatin derived difluoronitromethyl substituted tertiary alcohol benzoates and naphthoates were prepared in 81–99% yield. The general synthetic usefulness of these 3-hydroxyoxindole derivatives is demonstrated with the selective reduction to fluorooximes.
High Plasma Cell Labeling Index (PCLI) Is an Adverse Prognostic Factor in Bortezomib-Treated Patients with Relapsed Myeloma.

Abstract Del(13) is a powerful adverse prognostic factor in patients with myeloma. A small subset analysis from a randomized multi-center study comparing dexamethasone to bortezomib for relapsed myeloma suggested that the outcome of bortezomib-treated patients was not affected by del(13) (Jagannath et al, ASCO 2005). We studied patients with relapsed myeloma treated with bortezomib on whom complete karyotype data were available to determine the effect of del(13) on response rates and survival. To ensure consistency, this analysis was confined to 47 patients (44–85 y; median 62) who received all their therapy at Northwestern and in whom all cytogenetic analyses were performed in a single laboratory. 40 had failed prior thalidomide and 32 had failed prior high-dose therapy. All patients were treated with bortezomib as a single agent in the standard fashion initially. Dexamethasone ± thalidomide were added if there was no response. Progression after initial response or lack of response to bortezomib ± thalidomide ± dexamethasone was classified as treatment failure. Overall response rate (≥50% decline in paraprotien) was 72%. Complete clearance of paraprotein was seen in 32%. The median event-free (EFS) and overall (OS) survival durations from the start of therapy were 227 and 777 days. OS was higher in responders (777 vs 373 days; P=0.015) as was EFS (259 vs 120 days; P=0.0001). As the table shows, del(13) did not affect response rates. Response to bortezomib by del(13) status (P=0.69) Paraprotein response Del(13) (n=13) No del(13) (n=34) No response 5 (38%) 8 (24%) 50–94% decline 3 (23%) 10 (29%) 95–99% decline 2 (15%) 4 (12%) 100% decline 3 (23%) 12 (35%) Any response vs no response; P=0.31 No variable influenced response significantly in Cox analysis. However, there was a trend (P=0.07) towards lower response rates in patients relapsing after prior transplant. When PCLI (available in 34 patients) was included in the model, there was a trend (P=0.08) towards lower likelihood of 100% responses with del(13). Response to bortezomib and age ≤ 60 were associated with significantly better EFS with/without PCLI in the model. PCLI ≥1% was the only factor associated with poorer OS when included in the model. When PCLI was excluded, response to bortezomib was associated with significantly superior OS. Download : Download high-res image (71KB) Download : Download full-size image While OS and EFS did not seem to be influenced by del(13), the curves shown below suggest that differences may become apparent with longer follow-up in a larger number of patients. Download : Download high-res image (64KB) Download : Download full-size image Thus, small patient numbers in this study and that of Jagannath et al, and a trend towards a lower likelihood of complete paraprotein clearance with del(13) in our experience suggests that more data are needed before any definitive conclusions can be drawn on the impact of del(13) on bortezomib therapy.
Conservation laws, vertex corrections, and screening in Raman spectroscopy

We present a microscopic theory for the Raman response of a clean multiband superconductor, with emphasis on the effects of vertex corrections and long-range Coulomb interaction. The measured Raman intensity, $R(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}})$, is proportional to the imaginary part of the fully renormalized particle-hole correlator with Raman form factors $\ensuremath{\gamma}(\stackrel{P\vec}{k})$. In a BCS superconductor, a bare Raman bubble is nonzero for any $\ensuremath{\gamma}(\stackrel{P\vec}{k})$ and diverges at $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}=2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{max}}$, where ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{max}}$ is the largest gap along the Fermi surface. However, for $\ensuremath{\gamma}(\stackrel{P\vec}{k})$ = constant, the full $R(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}})$ is expected to vanish due to particle number conservation. It was sometimes stated that this vanishing is due to the singular screening by long-range Coulomb interaction. In our general approach, we show diagrammatically that this vanishing actually holds due to vertex corrections from the same short-range interaction that gives rise to superconductivity. We further argue that long-range Coulomb interaction does not affect the Raman signal for any $\ensuremath{\gamma}(\stackrel{P\vec}{k})$. We argue that vertex corrections eliminate the divergence at $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{max}}$. We also argue that vertex corrections give rise to sharp peaks in $R(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}})$ at $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}l2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{min}}$ (the minimum gap along the Fermi surface), when $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}$ coincides with the frequency of one of the collective modes in a superconductor, e.g., Leggett and Bardasis-Schrieffer modes in the particle-particle channel, and an excitonic mode in the particle-hole channel.
The power of social norms for reducing and shifting electricity use

Abstract New technologies are creating possibilities for making household energy consumption visible. With these technologies come opportunities for harnessing the power of social norms (viewed here as rules that are socially enforced) to affect energy consumption. But will those norms favor reductions in energy use? To answer this question, we conduct three online experiments with U.S. participants to assess individual values and normative expectations regarding household carbon emissions. We find that participants both value reducing carbon emissions and expect that others support reductions. The results have implications for non-monetary strategies for affecting household energy consumption. In particular, they suggest that it may be possible to harness the power of social norms not only to directly affect household electricity consumption, but also to shift time of use in ways that facilitate increased incorporation of renewable sources of electricity generation, and therefore a reduced carbon footprint for the grid.
Enrollment in California’s Medicaid Program After the Affordable Care Act Expansion

Objectives. To determine enrollment rates and predictors of enrollment for newly eligible low-income adults in California following the Affordable Care Act’s (ACA’s) Medicaid expansion.Methods. We used data from the 2014 to 2015 California Health Interview Survey to examine post-ACA Medicaid enrollment rates and multivariable logistic regression to assess the association of demographic factors, income, and health with enrollment.Results. We found a 78.5% enrollment rate for the newly eligible Medicaid population, translating to 3.8 million adults enrolled and 1.1 million adults who were eligible but did not enroll. Significant predictors of enrollment were participating in a public welfare program (odds ratio [OR] = 6.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.09, 14.04), having heart disease (OR = 4.03; 95% CI = 1.34, 12.15), being in the top quartile of income (OR = 3.59; 95% CI = 1.64, 7.85), enrolling in 2015 (OR = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.94, 5.56), being unemployed (OR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.15, 3.82), and being fema...