cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF GESTATIONAL AGE AND LABOR UPON INTRACELLULAR SURVIVAL OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV)

Neonatal HSV infection is often characterized by rapid, life-threatening dissemination. Perinatal immunologic factors examined to date incompletely account for this tendency to disseminate, for the rapid disappearance of this vulnerability early in postnatal life, and for the disproportionate occurrence in prematures. To determine a possible influence of gestational age or perinatal events upon this phenomenon, we studied 29 placental specimens of varying gestational age and mode of delivery. The intracellular survival of type 2 HSV within placental lymphocytes was assessed at 48 hour intervals for 6 days to determine the frequency and magnitude of virus titer changes. Early (0-48hrs) titer increases were significantly (p=0.015) more frequent in specimens with gestational age ≤ 35 wks (3/8) than those with ≥ 36 wks (0/21) gestations. Titer increases from 48 to 96 hours were common (14/29) but bore no relationship to gestational age, labor, or mode of delivery. Most importantly, late (>96 hrs) titer increases were most influenced by the occurrence of labor and unrelated to gestational age. Late titer increases did not occur in specimens from caesarian section without labor(0/12) and were significantly (p=0.023) more frequent in specimens where labor occurred (7/17). These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that early gestational age and the occurrence of labor transiently provide a more permissive intracellular environment for HSV replication and dissemination.
Magnetism at metal-ceramic interfaces: effects of a Au overlayer on the magnetic properties of Fe/MgO(001)

Abstract In the search for a benign magnetic substrate with which to explore 2D magnetism in transition metal monolayer, MgO(001) has emerged from studies of the metal-ceramic interface as a prime candidate. Since Au overlayers are now used to prevent oxidation, we have determined their effects on the electronic and magnetic properties of Fe/MgO(001) by means of first principles calculations using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method. Some Fe-Au hybridization is found which diminishes the giant spin moment in Fe/MgO(001) by 0.14μ B . In turn, the Fe layer induces a sizable magnetic moment at the Au site, namely, a 0.069μ B spin moment and a 0.042μ B orbital moment. A substantial magnetic circular dichroism signal is predicted for Au, which invites experimental verification.
Library Instruction in the 1990s: A Comparison with Trends in Two Earlier LOEX Surveys

Abstract In the fall of 1995, LOEX undertook a survey of library instruction practices. We did this to survey current practices and to compare the results with two previous LOEX surveys done in 1979 and in 1987. These surveys were reported on in articles published in 1980 and in 1989. 1
Effect of the Application of Biochar on Selected Soil Chemical Properties, Corn Grain, and Biomass Yields in Iowa

Biochar is a co-product of pyrolysis. To find the effects of biochar on crop production, a field study was conducted in 2007, 2008, and 2009. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design. The main plot treatments were biochar at rates of 0, 4.5, 18 Mg ha−1. Sub-plot treatments were nitrogen (N) rates of 0, 56, 112, 224 kg N ha−1 as urea (46–0–0). These treatments were applied to a continuous corn cropping system. Soil samples were planned to be taken during the first eight weeks of the growing season and after harvest to measure ammonium–N (NH4 +–N) and nitrate–N (NO3 −–N). Nitrogen in the plant and grain was measured along with grain yield and plant biomass. There was no difference in the yield due to the addition of biochar or the interaction of biochar and N fertilizer, but there were differences due to the N fertilizer alone.
In vitro evaluations of innate and acquired immune responses to electrospun polydioxanone–elastin blends

Immune response testing of biomaterials is an essential component of biocompatibility assessment, particularly when the materials of interest are used to design bioresorbable scaffolds with the potential to promote in situ regeneration. Current trends in immune response testing of biomaterials typically examine few elements of the immune system, and they often undertake a mechanistic approach without first determining if material exposure results in physiologically relevant modulation of both innate and acquired immunity. Here, we present a comprehensive in vitro evaluation of biomaterial-induced modulation of acquired (i.e. cell-mediated and humoral) and innate immune responses following exposure to electrospun blends of polydioxanone (PDO) and elastin (ELAS). Results indicated that in vitro exposure of murine spleen cells to PDO-ELAS blends produced statistically significant immunosuppression in multiple cell-mediated and humoral endpoints. Results suggested that ELAS is the primary cause of cell-mediated immunosuppression. In contrast, PDO and ELAS were equally suppressive of humoral immune responses, while blends of the two were more immunosuppressive than either pure polymer alone. Evaluations of innate immune responses demonstrated few significant effects, with statistically significant immunosuppression observed in natural killer cell activity but not in macrophage functional assays. This work presents an approach for assessing potential modulation of immune responses resulting from exposure to biomaterials, and such evaluations are essential to obtaining comprehensive assessments of biocompatibility.
Beards, Breasts, and Bodies Doing Sex in a Gendered World

Gender is commonly thought of as dependent on sex even though there are occasional aberrations. Interviews with female-to-male trans people, however, suggest that sex and sex characteristics can be understood as expressions of gender. The expression of gender relies on both behavior and the appearance of the performer as male or female. When sex characteristics do not align with gender, behavior becomes more important to gender expression and interpretation. When sex characteristics become more congruent with gender, behavior becomes more fluid and less important in asserting gender. Respondents also challenge traditional notions of sexual orientation by focusing less on the sex of the partner and more on the gender organization of the relationship. The relationship’s ability to validate the interviewee’s masculinity or maleness often takes precedence over the sex of the partner, helping to explain changing sexual orientation as female-to-male transsexual and transgendered people transition into men.
Soil redox conditions and plant–soil relationships in a micronesian mangrove forest

We examined characteristics of the soil environment related to redox in the rhizospheres of three mangrove species that commonly grow in similar hydrogeomorphic settings: Rhizophora apiculata BL, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk., and Sonneratia alba J. Redox potential (Eh) values and extractable P concentrations were significantly higher, whereas soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations were significantly lower in Bruguiera plots than in either Rhizophora or Sonneratia plots. Correlations among Eh, SRP, pyrite and extractable P were significant only at plots with negative Eh values. Sonneratia and Bruguiera plots had significantly different soil redox conditions. Bruguiera plots were characterized by more oxidized soil conditions (ca. 80 mV), lower dissolved P concentrations in porewater (ca. 50%), and higher extractable P concentrations in soil (ca. 25%). Differences in Eh and P reflect real differences among species and appeared not to be associated with hydrology. Species-specific differences may be engendered by the trees themselves, or they may reflect microsite differences that have favored the germination, growth, and survival of particular mangrove species. 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Components of productivity in black‐legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla: response to supplemental feeding

In contrast to the high productivity of black-legged kittiwakes in Britain, kittiwakes at many colonies in Alaska have failed chronically to reproduce since the mid 1970s. To determine if food is limiting productivity and, if so, at what stages of nesting food shortages are most severe, in 1996 and 1997 we supplementally fed kittiwakes nesting on an abandoned building. The effects of feeding were stronger in 1997 than in 1996, possibly because naturally occurring prey were of poorer quality in 1997. Consumption of supplemental herring declined as egg laying approached then increased slowly during incubation and more rapidly after hatching. All of the six components of productivity we studied were improved by supplemental feeding to some degree. Supplemental food did not significantly alter laying success in either year, although fed pairs bred at slightly higher rates than unfed pairs in 1997, the poorer food year. In 1996 and 1997, extra food noticeably increased clutch size and hatching success, but significantly so only in 1997. Fledging success and productivity were substantially augmented by feeding in both years. Fed pairs fledged twice as many chicks per nest as did unfed pairs in 1996 and three times as many in 1997. Fed and unfed pairs lost most of their potential productivity through the inability to hatch eggs, and secondarily because of their poor success at raising chicks. The benefits of supplemental feeding did not carry over from one stage of breeding to another. Pairs cut off from supplemental food after laying or hatching performed similarly to pairs that had not been previously fed. This study provides benchmark values of breeding performance attainable by kittiwakes in Alaska under optimal conditions. These values are comparable to highly productive colonies in Britain and suggest that differences in life-history characteristics between Pacific and Atlantic breeding populations are primarily controlled by food supply.
Thermal characteristics of a PtMn GMR sensor subjected to square wave EOS pulses

Electrical overstress (EOS) pulses between 50 ns to 24 hours were applied to GMR stripes with a synthetic PtMn antiferromagnet (AFM) and a permalloy free layer. The temperature dependence of the sensors versus power and pulse width was measured and a simple phenomenological model was developed to analytically determine the stripe temperature. Temperatures of 1260plusmn90degC for melting and 572plusmn66degC for AFM flip were measured. Temperature for the creation of domains was measured at 603plusmn113 and 516plusmn78degC for forward and reverse bias pulses respectfully. Activation energies of 1.2plusmn.2 and 3.0plusmn.3 eV were observed for resistance changes. Irreversible Magnetic degradation exhibited activation energies of 2.4plusmn.3 eV below and 2.7plusmn.3 eV above about 500degC.
Divergent outcomes after percutaneous therapy for symptomatic renal artery stenosis

Abstract Objective Percutaneous intervention for symptomatic renal artery atherosclerosis is rapidly replacing surgery in many centers. This study evaluated the anatomic and functional outcomes of endovascular therapy for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis on a combined vascular surgery and interventional radiology service at an academic medical center. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent renal artery angioplasty with or without stenting between January 1990 and June 2002. Indications included hypertension (86%) and rising serum creatinine concentration (55%). One hundred forty-six patients (80 women; average age, 71 years [range, 44-89 years]) underwent 183 attempted interventions (64 to treat bilateral stenosis). Forty-five percent of patients had significant bilateral disease: 27% had greater than 50% bilateral stenosis, and the remainder had nonfunctioning, absent, or occluded vessels. Results Of 183 planned interventions, technical success ( Conclusions Endovascular intervention for symptomatic atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis is technically successful. There were excellent patency and low recurrent stenosis rates. There is immediate clinical benefit for most patients, but divergent long-term functional outcomes. Endovascular interventions modestly enhance the care of the patient with hypertension, but poorly preserve long-term renal function in the patient with chronic renal impairment.
Relapse-Free and Overall Survival in Patients With Pathologic Stage II Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Cancer Treated With Etoposide and Cisplatin Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Purpose To assess the long-term relapse-free survival and overall survival of patients with stage II nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) who received two cycles of adjuvant etoposide and cisplatin (EP) after primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Patients and Methods Eighty-seven patients with completely resected pathologic stage II NSGCT were treated with adjuvant EP chemotherapy. Adjuvant EP consisted of two cycles of etoposide (100 mg/m2) plus cisplatin (20 mg/m2) per day, administered days 1 to 5 at a 21-day interval. Results Ten patients (11%) had pN1 disease, 73 (84%) had pN2 disease, and four (5%) had pN3 disease. Eighty-six patients received two cycles of EP, and one patient received an additional two cycles of EP after a transient marker increase after his first cycle. Eighty-seven patients are alive, and 86 patients (99%) remain relapse-free at a median follow-up of 8 years (range, 0.9 to 13.5 years). Conclusion Two cycles of adjuvant EP is highly effective in preventing relapse in p...
Embryonic development and mortality in Hyalinobatrachium pulveratum (Anura: Centrolenidae) of south-western Costa Rica

The population biology and ecology of most members of the neotropical family Centrolenidae, or glass frogs, are unknown. Glass frogs deposit their eggs in a gelatinous mass on vegetation overhanging streams, the eggs hatch, and the tadpoles drop into thewater,where they complete development (Savage 2002). This study will contribute to our limited understanding of centrolenid reproductive ecologybyquantifyingvariation inclutch size, embryonic development and embryonic mortality in a population of Hyalinobatrachium pulveratum. Hyalinobatrachium pulveratum egg masses were observed along a 175-m section of the Quebrada Bilingual in the Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica (8◦26′N, 83◦22′W). The stream is bordered on the east by continuous lowland wet forest (Hartshorn 1983) and on the west by a forest buffer and cattle pasture. The Osa Peninsula is characterized by distinct rainy (May to December) and dry seasons (January to April) and precipitation averages 4000–6000mmy−1 (L. Gilbert, unpubl. data). Egg masses were found on overhanging vegetation on both sides of the stream up to 3 m in height. Each clutch was digitally photographed and individually marked. Subsequent daytime monitoring events of each clutch, or egg checks, included taking digital photographs and recording the dates hatching commenced and concluded and mortality events. Each clutch was monitored until the last egg hatched or the embryo died. Monitoring took place on 70 d of the 102-d study period. Clutches were monitored every other day from 19 July to 22 August and almost every day, except during heavy flooding, from 23 August to 29 October.
A model for investigating the effects of machine autonomy on human behavior

As autonomous machines become more pervasive, situations arise when human decision-makers receive advice from both machines and other humans. When these instructions conflict, a new social situation is defined for which we have little precedent. The authors propose a model for investigating these situations. The model synthesizes research from several different fields, including machine autonomy, affect, initial trust, individual differences, and training. The model is explained, and a set of propositions is described. The model is used to analyze the case of an air collision in which machines and humans provided conflicting advice. The model is also applied to situations in which unmanned aerial vehicles and piloted aircraft seek to avoid collisions with each other. Ways of testing the model through human subject experiments are discussed.
Optimum filter design for partial-response class-IV transmission systems

The design of a mixed digital/analog transmit filter and a variable analog receive filter for partial-response class-IV signaling over metallic cables is discussed. Optimum filters are analytically determined for maximum cable length and additive Gaussian noise. Since the transfer function of the overall channel is given, these filters are independent of crosstalk. The optimum filter characteristics are approximated by those of single realizable filters. A simple analog equalizer section with independently controllable bandwidth and gain parameters is optimized by simulated annealing so that it could best compensate for variations of cable length when used as part of the receive filter. Simulated annealing is also employed to determine the remaining fixed section of the receive filter and the analog transmit filter. The digital section of the transmit filter is designed to achieve precise signal shaping over the considered range of cable lengths. >
Optimal Wind Farm Collector System Topology Design Considering Total Trenching Length

This paper addresses the optimal cable layout design of a collector system in a large-scale wind farm. The objective is the minimization of total trenching length which is the sum of lengths of all branches of the collector system tree. A graph-theoretic minimum spanning tree algorithm has been used as a starting algorithm, and improvements and modifications have been proposed to cater to the constraints and characteristics of a wind farm collector system. The contribution of this paper is three-fold. First, an algorithm has been proposed to further improve the results of the minimum spanning tree algorithm by creating external splice locations separate from the wind turbine locations in computing the cable layout configuration. Second, an algorithm has been proposed to compute the minimum trenching length layout configuration under the constraint of a prespecified maximum number of turbines connected to a feeder cable. Third, an algorithm has been developed to automatically compute the direction and magnitude of power flow on the different cables and to assign cable sizes accordingly.
Molecular Dynamics of Cation Hydration in the Presence of Carboxylated Molecules: Implications for Calcification

Biomolecules rich in aspartic acid (Asp) are known to play a role in biomineral morphology and polymorph selection, and have been shown to greatly enhance the growth kinetics of calcite. The mechanism by which these compounds favor calcification may be related to their effects upon cation solvation. Using molecular dynamics, we investigated the influence of small carboxylated molecules on the hydration states and water exchange rates of divalent cations. We show that the carboxylate moieties of Asp promote dehydration of Ca2+ and Sr2+ and that contact ion pair (CIP) formation is not required to disrupt the hydration of these cations. Ca2+- Asp and Sr2+ - Asp CIP formation decreases the total inner sphere coordination from an average of 8.0 and 8.4 in bulk water to 7.5 and 8.0, respectively. Water residence times estimated for Mg2+, Ca2+and Sr2+ follow the expected trend of decreasing residence time with increasing ionic radius. In the presence of Asp, both solvent-separated ion pair (SSIP) and CIP formation decrease the residence times of Ca2+and Sr2+ inner sphere water molecules. Comparable impacts on Mg2+ hydration are not observed. Mg2+ - Asp CIP formation is energetically unfavorable and Asp does not affect Mg2+ inner sphere water residence times.
Documenting Departmental Performance in Family Science

Programs in family science have typically been housed in interdisciplinary departments combining the study of family relationships and the study of human development. While this model fits well with the academic and applied goals of the field, it makes these programs less easy to categorize than those that follow more traditional disciplinary lines. For individuals looking to document departmental performance, then, what sources of data are available? This paper will review the sources available for documenting performance and success in family science programs, with consideration given to their strengths and weaknesses as well as to how well family science as a discipline is represented in them.
The Service Imperative in the Retailing Industry

Services permeate our everyday lives. Within the past 24 h, you might have listened to the radio; watched television; gone to the cinema; taken a trip on a plane, cab or bus; made or received a phone call; consumed a restaurant meal; used a bank or ATM; visited a gym; attended a sporting event; visited a doctor, dentist, or lawyer; had dealings with an insurance agency; bought groceries; purchased a book, magazine, or newspaper; filled a car with gas; used electricity and water for personal needs; and so on. In all of these instances, services and products from various firms are consumed through a process of exchange (between the consumer and the provider) that is commonly referred to as ‘retailing’.
The necessity of sociodemographic status adjustment in hospital value rankings for perforated appendicitis in children.

Background Hospitals are increasingly focused on demonstration of high-value care for common surgical procedures. Although sociodemographic status (SDS) factors have been tied to various surgical outcomes, the impact of SDS factors on hospital value rankings has not been well explored. Our objective was to examine effects of SDS factors on high-value surgical care at the patient level, and to illustrate the importance of SDS adjustment when evaluating hospital-level performance. Methods Perforated appendicitis hospitalizations were identified from the 2012 Kids' Inpatient Database. The primary outcome of interest was high-value care as defined by evaluation of duration of stay and cost. SDS factors included race, health insurance type, median household income, and patient location. The impact of SDS on high-value care was estimated using regression models after accounting for hospital-level variation. Risk-adjusted value rankings were compared before and after adjustment for SDS. Results From 9,986 hospitalizations, 998 high-value encounters were identified. African Americans were less likely to experience high-value care compared with white patients after adjusting for all SDS variables. Although private insurance and living in nonmetro counties were associated independently with high-value care, the effects were attenuated in the fully adjusted models. For the 136 hospitals ranked according to risk-adjusted value status, 59 hospitals' rankings improved after adjustment and 53 hospitals’ rankings declined. Conclusion After adjustment for patient and hospital factors, SDS has a small but significant impact on risk-adjusted hospital performance ranking for pediatric appendicitis. Adjustment for SDS should be considered in future comparative performance assessment.
Impact of the Intestinal Microbiota on Infections and Survival Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Highly diverse bacterial populations inhabit the gastrointestinal tract, modulate host inflammation and promote immune tolerance. In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), the gastrointestinal mucosa is damaged, and colonizing bacteria are impacted, leading to an impaired intestinal microbiota with reduced diversity. Because bacteremia is a frequent complication of allo-HSCT, we examined the microbiota of patients undergoing allo-HSCT and correlated microbial shifts with the risk of bacteremia. Fecal specimens were collected longitudinally from 94 patients undergoing allo-HSCT from pre-transplant until 35 days post-transplantation. The intestinal microbiota was characterized by 454 pyrosequencing of the V1-V3 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Phylogenetic classification was obtained using the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) classifier. Associations of the microbiota with clinical predictors and outcomes were evaluated. During allo-HSCT, patients developed reduced diversity, with marked shifts in bacterial populations inhabiting the gut. Intestinal domination, defined as occupation of at least 30% of the microbiota by a single predominating bacterial taxon, occurred frequently. Commonly encountered dominating organisms included Enterococcus , Streptococcus , and various Proteobacteria. Enterococcal domination was increased three-fold by metronidazole administration, while domination by Proteobacteria was reduced ten-fold by fluoroquinolone administration. As a predictor of outcomes, enterococcal domination increased the risk of vancomycin resistant enterococcus bacteremia nine-fold, and proteobacterial domination increased the risk of gram negative rod bacteremia five-fold. We also examined whether intestinal diversity was predictive of clinical outcomes following transplantation. Subjects were classified into high, intermediate, and low bacterial diversity groups, and assessed for up to three years for differences in overall survival and transplant-related mortality. Overall survival was worse in subjects with low intestinal diversity, compared with intermediate or high diversity (at three years, 36%, 60%, and 67%, respectively; log-rank P=0.019); similar results were observed for transplant-related mortality. Multivariate Cox hazards analysis demonstrated a persistent association after adjusting for other clinical covariates. In conclusion, during allo-HSCT, the diversity and stability of the intestinal flora are disrupted, resulting in domination by bacteria associated with subsequent bacteremia. Assessment of fecal microbiota identifies patients at highest risk for bloodstream infection during allo-HCST. Diversity of the intestinal microbiota is also an independent predictor of mortality in allo-HSCT recipients following engraftment. These results indicate that the intestinal microbiota is an important factor in the success or failure in allo-HSCT. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Phylogeny through Brain Traits: Interordinal Relationships among Mammals Including Primates and Chiroptera

Our use of brain characters for the reconstruction of mammalian phytogenies began with an analytical survey of the variable degree of ipsilateral versus contralateral projections to the somatic sensory thalamus and cerebral cortex, in a phylogenetic sample of species (Bombardieri et al., 1975). We found that the distribution of ipsilateral versus contralateral dominance reflected a bifurcation within placentals that matched a then-current scheme based on paleon-tological data (Lillegraven, 1969; McKenna, 1969). In subsequent years the scheme lost favor with paleontologists, who concluded that most major placental groups arose from a polytomy that defied analysis (e.g., McKenna, 1975), particularly cladistic analysis into steps of successive bifurcations.
Who Needs Time? Implicit Time Is Sufficient for Some HRI Tasks

We examine the temporal evolution of a neural-network model of word-referent co-learning engaged in an interactive learning task with a human teacher. The observed naturally-timed interaction is used to argue that in at least some interesting interactive situations, explicit representation of or operation on time is not necessary.
All Fall down: A Comprehensive Approach to Defeating the Religious Right's Challenges to Antidiscrimination Statutes

Marriage equality and religious liberty; Obergefell v. Hodges and Burwell v. Hobby Lobby; bakeries refusing to make wedding cakes for gay couples and commercial photographers turning away soon-to-be lesbian brides — these issues and cases that make up the “new normal” of our national fight over LGBT civil rights. The fulcrum of the modern-day fight over LGBT civil rights is at the intersection of religious liberty as asserted by for-profit corporations and state anti-discrimination laws asserted by LGBT people who are refused goods, services and other public accommodations by these for-profit corporations.Notwithstanding the significant victories of the LGBT civil rights movement over the past 20 years, culminating in Obergefell, anti-LGBT sentiment continues to run deep. The leading voice of the anti-LGBT rights movement is the Religious Right, whose goal is to stop and reverse these civil rights victories. While the Religious Right has vocally opposed LGBT equality and civil rights for decades, the strategy behind its opposition, and thus its narrative, has drastically changed over the past 45 years. What was a narrative that attacked and pathologized LGBT people in the 1950s through the 1980s, today is a narrative that frames the Religious Right as victims of secularism — embodied, in part, in the law — that infringes on their religious liberty.What is religious liberty? Why has the Religious Right recently changed its strategy to embrace the religious liberty narrative? What roles do Obergefell, Hobby Lobby, the federal Religious Freedom Restoration Act, state Religious Freedom Restoration Acts, and the First Amendment play in the Religious Right’s campaign for religiously-based exemptions from state anti-discrimination laws for for-profit corporations? And, most importantly, what are the legal arguments that the LGBT civil rights movement can make to defeat this campaign? Neither Obergefell nor Hobby Lobby answered these questions. This Article does. It addresses all of the legal claims asserted by the Religious Right in its campaign to secure exemptions from state anti-discrimination laws for for-profit corporations and presents a comprehensive legal framework for dismantling those arguments. It concludes that by utilizing this comprehensive legal framework, state anti-discrimination laws may — consistent with Religious Freedom Restoration Acts and the First Amendment — be applied to for-profit corporations, regardless of the purported religious beliefs of that for-profit corporation. Moreover, they should be so applied to protect the both the rule of law and genuine religious freedom, which can only truly exist in the context or religious pluralism.
ROSS Skills, Knowledge, and Abilities Training Evaluation. Gaps and Recommendations

This document describes the development of the ROSS SKAs, the cross-mapping of the SKAs to the available training, identifies gaps in the SKA and training, and provides recommendations to address those gaps.
Studies on the deep-water pelagic community of Korsfjorden, western Norway: Seasonal variation in weight and biochemical composition of Chiridius armatus (Copepoda), Boreomysis arctica (Mysidacea), and Eukrohnia hamata (Chaetognatha) in relation to their biology

The dry weight and biochemical composition (protein, lipid, carbohydrate, chitin, and ash) of adult female Chiridius armatus, and the biochemical composition of Boreomysis arctica and Eukrohnia hamata have been determined over a period of 13 months. The highest individual weight of C. armatus occurred in summer, the lowest in winter. Protein and lipid varied inversely, with the highest values of the latter in summer-autumn and the lowest in spring. The highest specific dry weight (dry weight per unit body length) of B. arctica occurred in autumn, the lowest in spring. Over the year the differences in biochemical composition between mature and spent females were small and females, males, and juveniles followed the same seasonal trend with maximum lipid in autumn — winter and minimum in late spring. The proportion of protein increased and the proportion of lipid and carbohydrate usually decreased with increasing individual weight. The highest lipid proportion and the lowest protein proportion of E....
The Effect of Purified Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Rotator Cuff Tendon Healing in an Athymic Rat.

Purpose To evaluate the ability of purified human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to augment healing of an acute small- to medium-sized rotator cuff repair in a small-animal model, evaluating the structure and composition of the healing tendon-bone interface with histologic and biomechanical analyses. Methods Fifty-two athymic rats underwent unilateral detachment and transosseous repair of the supraspinatus tendon augmented with either fibrin glue (control group) or fibrin glue with 10 6 human MSCs (experimental group) applied at the repair site. Flow cytometry verified the stem cell phenotype of the cells as CD73 + , CD90 + , CD105 + , CD14 − , CD34 − , and CD45 − . Rats were killed at 2 and 4 weeks, with 10 from each group used for biomechanical testing and 3 for histologic analysis. Results Safranin O staining identified increased fibrocartilage formation at the repair site at 2 weeks in the human MSC group (18.6% ± 2.9% vs 9.1% ± 1.6%, P = .026). Picrosirius staining identified decreased energy (36.88 ± 4.99 J vs 54.97 ± 8.33 J, P = .04) and increased coherence in the human MSC group (26.96% ± 15.32% vs 14.53% ± 4.10%, P = .05), indicating improved collagen orientation. Biomechanical testing showed a significant increase in failure load (11.5 ± 2.4 N vs 8.5 ± 2.4 N, P = .002) and stiffness (7.1 ± 1.2 N/mm vs 5.7 ± 2.1 N/mm, P P = .172) or biomechanical load to failure (24.6 ± 7.1 N vs 21.5 ± 4.1 N, P = .361) or stiffness (13.5 ± 3.1 N/mm vs 16.1 ± 5.6 N/mm, P = .384). All failures occurred at the bone-tendon interface. Conclusions Rotator cuff repair augmentation with purified human MSCs improved early histologic appearance and biomechanical strength of the repair at 2 weeks, although the effects dissipated by 4 weeks with no significant differences between groups. Clinical Relevance Human MSCs may improve early rotator cuff healing during the first 2 weeks after repair.
Ratemyprofessors is hogwash (but I care)

This study investigated the effect of evaluation origin, Ratemyprofessors.com (RMP) or university-administered student evaluations of teaching (UASET), and valence, positive or negative, on professors' affect about teaching, self-efficacy for various aspects of teaching, and self-efficacy for professorial competence. Participants were 128 professors who responded to a recruitment email; they participated in an experimental manipulation via SurveyMonkey and were exposed to either RMP positive, RMP negative, UASET positive, or UASET negative evaluations. Evaluation valence alone influenced participants' affect and self-efficacy; affect and self-efficacy changed in the direction of feedback valence. Although participants consider RMP to be less accurate and less serious than UASET, RMP and UASET feedback influenced the participants equally. Feedback influence did not vary by participants' tenure status. Implications of RMP and UASET feedback on the professor-student relationship and student learning are discussed. Implications for RMP on professors and their employment are also discussed. Recommendations for the interpretation of RMP feedback are provided. Ratemyprofessors and university evaluations affect professors equally.Evaluation valence (positive/negative) impacts teaching affect and self-efficacy.Explicit attitudes toward Ratemyprofessors and university evaluations differ.Ratemyprofessors has implications for the professor-student relationship.Ratemyprofessors has implications for professor's employment.
Intravenous paracetamol and intraocular pressure reduction: Mannitol may also be involved

__Dear editor__ I read, with great interest, the paper on the intraocular pressure-lowering properties of intravenous paracetamol (acetaminophen) recently published in this journal by van den Heever and Meyer.1 The authors documented a decrease from baseline in mean intraocular pressure of 15.7% in a 6-hour time interval following intravenous paracetamol administration. This mean decrease was moderate but relevant when compared to, for example, topical timolol or oral acetazolamide. Although the authors provided potential relevant mechanistic arguments in support of a link between paracetamol administration and intraocular pressure through the endocannabinoid system, we would like to draw attention to the fact that – when intravenous paracetamol is administered – a relevant amount of mannitol is coadministered.
Perspective: What next for treatment?

We need to focus on five main areas to make real progress in the treatment of kidney cancer, says Robert J. Motzer.
Asymmetric Dominance and Its Impact on Mortgage Default Deficiency Collection Efforts

The surge in mortgage default rates during the financial crisis has led to a corresponding dramatic increase in the type and number of firms who are entering the deficiency collection space. As such, we study the methods by which hedge funds and private equity collection firms can more profitably unwind this toxic debt. Specifically, we employ the theory of Asymmetric Dominance and find support that introducing a similar payment amount (i.e., a “decoy”) significantly induces borrowers to change their preference from one that is optimal for them to one that is sub-optimal. We then employ the Left-Most Digit effect in a new manner and demonstrate a statistically significant ability to mitigate the Asymmetric Dominance effect. Finally, we empirically find that Caucasians, males, and those of a greater net worth are more adept at avoiding violating the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives axiom. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Poxvirus Safety Analysis in the Pregnant Mouse Model, Vaccinia, and Raccoonpox Viruses

Poxviruses cause many diseases in humans and animals worldwide, and there is a need for vaccines with improved safety and good efficacy. In addition, poxvirus vectors are widely used as recombinant vaccines for various infectious diseases and as recombinant and oncolytic vaccines for cancer. One concern with poxvirus vaccine vectors is that some poxviruses can infect a developing fetus and cause fetal loss or congenital disease. This can be an issue both for patients receiving a vaccine and for pregnant health care providers, including doctors, nurses, and veterinarians, who might receive accidental exposure to the poxvirus by injection or during patient care. We describe here a method for analyzing the safety of virus exposure in pregnant mammals using a mouse model testing vaccinia, canarypox, and raccoonpox virus vectors.
Does "Flipping" Promote Engagement?: A Comparison of a Traditional, Online, and Flipped Class.

“Flipped” or inverted classrooms are designed to utilize class time for application and knowledge building, while course content is delivered through the use of online lectures and watched at home ...
Calibration of microscopic traffic simulation models using metaheuristic algorithms

Abstract This paper presents several metaheuristic algorithms to calibrate a microscopic traffic simulation model. The genetic algorithm (GA), Tabu Search (TS), and a combination of the GA and TS (i.e., warmed GA and warmed TS) are implemented and compared. A set of traffic data collected from the I-5 Freeway, Los Angles, California, is used. Objective functions are defined to minimize the difference between simulated and field traffic data which are built based on the flow and speed. Several car-following parameters in VISSIM, which can significantly affect the simulation outputs, are selected to calibrate. A better match to the field measurements is reached with the GA, TS, and warmed GA and TS when comparing with that only using the default parameters in VISSIM. Overall, TS performs very well and can be used to calibrate parameters. Combining metaheuristic algorithms clearly performs better and therefore is highly recommended for calibrating microscopic traffic simulation models.
The impact of globalization on education and gender: an emergent cross-national balance

This article brings together globalization and gender, two unavoidable subjects in the analysis of our contemporary world. Globalization must be considered because i?½it is the underlying structural dynamics that drives social, political, economic, and cultural processes around the worldi?½ (Robinson, 2003). And gender because it is constitutive of most social relations and a common ground on which to construct power on a daily basis. Though gender might work as a contingent element of reality, it is present in all spheres of society and most moments of social life.
Optimum Position of Transthoracic Intracardiac Line Following Cardiac Surgery

Objectives The transthoracic intracardiac line placed in the right atrium provides a convenient access to the central venous system following cardiac surgery. However, it is associated with risks such as migration and bleeding. We conducted a retrospective study to determine whether position of transthoracic line with respect to site of exit from the chest makes a difference in the rate of complications. Methods All infants receiving a transthoracic intracardiac line in the right atrium following cardiac surgery between June 2012 and December 2015 were part of the study. A 3.5-Fr double-lumen umbilical venous catheter was placed directly into the right atrium. The lines exited the thorax either above in the suprasternal notch (upper transthoracic line) or below the diaphragm across the abdominal wall (lower transthoracic line). Patients were analysed for complications such as catheter migration, bleeding upon removal, atrial thrombus, line occlusion, premature removal and failed removal. Results A total of 131 patients received a transthoracic intracardiac line during the study period. Of the total patients, 88 patients received the upper transthoracic line and 43 patients received the lower transthoracic line. The upper transthoracic line was associated with significantly lower incidence of catheter migration (1% vs 14%) and this held by multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for age and duration of the line (P = 0.003). There was no difference in the rate of other complications including bleeding. Conclusions The upper transthoracic line is associated with significantly lower incidence of catheter migration and offers a more optimum position for central access following cardiac surgery.
Trolling here, there, and everywhere: Perceptions of trolling behaviors in context

Online trolling has become increasingly prevalent and visible in online communities. Perceptions of and reactions to trolling behaviors varies significantly from one community to another, as trolling behaviors are contextual and vary across platforms and communities. Through an examination of seven trolling scenarios, this article intends to answer the following questions: how do trolling behaviors differ across contexts; how do perceptions of trolling differ from case to case; and what aspects of context of trolling are perceived to be important by the public? Based on focus groups and interview data, we discuss the ways in which community norms and demographics, technological features of platforms, and community boundaries are perceived to impact trolling behaviors. Two major contributions of the study include a codebook to support future analysis of trolling and formal concept analysis surrounding contextual perceptions of trolling.
Development of genome‐ and transcriptome‐derived microsatellites in related species of snapping shrimps with highly duplicated genomes

Molecular markers are powerful tools for studying patterns of relatedness and parentage within populations and for making inferences about social evolution. However, the development of molecular markers for simultaneous study of multiple species presents challenges, particularly when species exhibit genome duplication or polyploidy. We developed microsatellite markers for Synalpheus shrimp, a genus in which species exhibit not only great variation in social organization, but also interspecific variation in genome size and partial genome duplication. From the four primary clades within Synalpheus, we identified microsatellites in the genomes of four species and in the consensus transcriptome of two species. Ultimately, we designed and tested primers for 143 microsatellite markers across 25 species. Although the majority of markers were disomic, many markers were polysomic for certain species. Surprisingly, we found no relationship between genome size and the number of polysomic markers. As expected, markers developed for a given species amplified better for closely related species than for more distant relatives. Finally, the markers developed from the transcriptome were more likely to work successfully and to be disomic than those developed from the genome, suggesting that consensus transcriptomes are likely to be conserved across species. Our findings suggest that the transcriptome, particularly consensus sequences from multiple species, can be a valuable source of molecular markers for taxa with complex, duplicated genomes.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias

The classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) has recently been updated by the ATS and ERS [1] (Table 6.1). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common of the IIPs, and data from existing registries suggest that IPF accounts for 17–37% of all interstitial lung disease (ILD) diagnoses [2, 3]. Although estimates of the true incidence and prevalence of IPF are hampered by different methodologies used in epidemiological studies. IPF is a heterogeneous disease with some patients experiencing slow progressive disease, others a much more rapidly progressive disease and others still experiencing periods of stability punctuated by accelerated decline within acute exacerbations. Median survival is just 2–3 years [4]. It is appreciated that the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) within IPF is common and its development has a dramatic effect both on morbidity and mortality. The desire to improve prognosis and quality of life in patients with IIP-associated PH (IIP–PH) who unfortunately at present have no clinically proven intervention to do so drives clinical research within this difficult area. The study of PH within IIP has predominantly focused upon IPF or mixed patient groups with IIP (which are predominantly made up of IPF patients). Therefore, this chapter focuses predominantly on PH within the IPF population.
Streptococcus mutans Displays Altered Stress Responses While Enhancing Biofilm Formation by Lactobacillus casei in Mixed-Species Consortium

Like Streptococcus mutans, lactobacilli are commonly isolated from carious sites, although their exact role in caries development remains unclear. This study used mixed-species models to analyze biofilm formation by major groups of oral lactobacilli, including L. casei, L. fermentum, L. rhamnosus, L. salivarius ssp. salivarius, and L. gasseri. The results showed that lactobacilli did not form good biofilms when grown alone, although differences existed between different species. When grown together with S. mutans, biofilm formation by L. gasseri and L. rhamnosus was increased by 2-log (P 1-log (P 1-log (P < 0.001), but drastically reduced the survival rates following exposure to hydrogen peroxide (P < 0.001), as compared to the respective mono-species cultures. When analyzed by RNA-seq, more than 134 genes were identified in S. mutans in dual-species with L. casei as either up- or down-regulated when compared to those grown alone. The up-regulated genes include those for superoxide dismutase, NADH oxidase, and members of the mutanobactin biosynthesis cluster. Among the down-regulated genes were those for GtfB and alternative sigma factor SigX. These results further suggest that interactions between S. mutans and oral lactobacilli are species-specific and may have significant impact on cariogenic potential of the community.