cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pseudoinfarction ECG Pattern Caused by Diaphragmatic Hernia Uniquely Resolved by Transthoracic Echocardiography

A case of pseudoinfarction electrocardiographic pattern caused by diaphragmatic hernia is presented. The transthoracic echocardiographic examination revealed a large hiatal hernia enhanced by contrast injections below the inferior wall causing paradoxical systolic motion. The location of the hernia simulated a pericardial effusion.
THE PSYCHOLINGUISTIC UNITY OF LANGUAGE LEARNING AND LANGUAGE CHANGE

Recent research interest in the performance of second language learners has neglected the area of phonology learning. This report on a longitudinal study shows the viability of using a sociolinguistic model of sound change for studying the process of learning a target language sound system. The model calls for a variability analysis of the phonetic diversity in the learner's speech. The example analysis shows that learners systematically alter their phonetic output in the direction of a particular target. Significantly, second language learners use the same mechanism found to be operative in native language speakers as they participate in the ongoing linguistic change of their speech community. This finding reveals the psycholinguistic unity of the general process of effecting change in phonological systems. Motivations are provided (1) for regarding the learner's performance as the product of a unique language system and (2) for regarding the system as consisting of variable rules. An example of such a rule is given in detail.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha and colitis-associated colon cancer.

Mice that undergo ablation of a gene encoding a receptor of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) or treatment with an antibody that binds TNF-α are partially protected against induced colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer.
A computationally fast one-dimensional diffusion-photochemistry model of SST wakes

A computational technique applicable to analysis of supersonic transport (SST) wake photochemistry and diffusion is presented. Sensitivity studies of SST effluent effects upon ozone depletion are facilitated by the computational rapidity of the method. The article compares results from other studies and predictions of some variables related to global NOx input. Results indicate that the NO/NO2 ratio in an SST wake at photochemical equilibrium is a sensitive function of photolysis rates.
Algebraic expressions for higher order AC stark shifts

Abstract We introduce a perturbation technique based upon a graph representation of the density matrix equations describing strong field optical interactions in a multilevel system. The method is applied to the determination of cubic and quartic AC Stark shifts, both for the first time. The cubic result, which occurs when two strong fields are present in a three wave parametric interaction linkage diagram, is unique in that the shift depends on the absolute phase of the waves as well as their amplitudes.
Relative Activities of Some Cytokinin Fractions of Developing Cotton Fruit

Ion-exchange fractionization, paper chromatography, and soybean callus bioassay have partly resolved an apparent discrepancy in the sequence of cytokinin appearance in developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fruit compared to the sequence reported in corn (Zea mays L.). Cotton fruit cytokinins were separated into three fractions: A combined n-butanol and ethylacetate extractable fraction comprisedc. 10% of the cytokinin activity, a fraction not retained by a polymethacrylate weakly acidic cation-exchange resin comprised c. 45%, and a fraction that was retained by the resin, c. 45%. The latter fraction differs from cytokinin fractions reported in corn. However, like cytokinin ribonucleotides, its cytokinin activity remains below Rf 0.3 on paper chromatograms developed with water-saturated sec-butanol, thus complicating studies of sequential cytokinin appearance in cotton. An anion-exchange resin did not retain the cytokinin activity of this fraction.
IOCheck: A framework to enhance the security of I/O devices at runtime

Securing hardware is the foundation for implementing a secure system. However, securing hardware devices remains an open research problem. In this paper, we present IOCheck, a framework to enhance the security of I/O devices at runtime. It leverages System Management Mode (SMM) to quickly check the integrity of I/O configurations and firmware. IOCheck does not rely on the operating system and is OS-agnostic. In our preliminary results, IOCheck takes 4 milliseconds to switch to SMM which introduces low performance overhead.
Vector-based delivery of tumor-associated antigens and T-cell co-stimulatory molecules in the induction of immune responses and anti-tumor immunity

Abstract It has now been demonstrated in both experimental models and recent clinical trials that certain "self" antigens, which are functionally non-immunogenic in the host, can become immunogenic if presented to the immune system in a certain way. Here, we describe recombinant vaccines and vaccine strategies that have been developed to induce and potentiate T-cell responses of the host to such self-antigens. These strategies include: (a) the use of recombinant poxvirus vectors in which the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) is inserted as a transgene. Recombinant vaccinia vaccines and recombinant avipox (replication-defective) vaccines have been employed to break tolerance to a self-antigen; (b) the use of diversified prime and boost strategies using different vaccines; and (c) the insertion of multiple T-cell co-stimulatory molecules into recombinant poxvirus vectors, along with the TAA gene, to enhance T-cell immune responses to the TAA and induce anti-tumor immunity.
Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Diagnosis and Management

Cardiac sarcoidosis can be life threatening if not promptly diagnosed and treated appropriately and aggressively. The diagnosis of myocardial disease is often difficult and circumstantial because there are no reliable diagnostic tests. Except for the finding of noncaseating granulomas on endomyocardial biopsy, most tests are limited and nonspecific. Therefore, the decision of initiating treatment is based on the patient’s symptoms and the course of the disease, rather than on the presence of histologic confirmation. The goal of therapy is to prevent irreversible cardiomyopathy and to thwart the progression to heart transplantation. The mainstay of treatment is corticosteroids, although there are no large randomized trials analyzing corticosteroid use. The combination with other immunosuppressant agents, such as Methotrexate and Azathioprine, is initiated on the patient’s failing or experiencing severe side effects from corticosteroids. While there are small studies proving the efficacy of tumor necrosis factor-inhibitors in cardiac sarcoidosis, more experience with these agents is needed. Catheter ablation or placement of implantable devices is indicated prophylactically in patients with severe ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Heart transplantation should be considered in patients with severe heart failure refractory to medical therapy. This article focuses on the current diagnostic tests and treatment recommendations for cardiac sarcoidosis.
B cells are important as antigen presenting cells for induction of MHC-restricted arthritis in transgenic mice.

Rheumatoid arthritis and its animal model, collagen-induced arthritis, are known as a T and B cell dependent disease. To analyze the role of B cells in arthritis, we generated B cell deficient (muMT) mice carrying HLA-DQ8 as transgene, Aβo.DQ8.μmt mice. HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice (Aβo.DQ8) are susceptible to collagen induced arthritis, an animal model for inflammatory arthritis. Deletion of IgM gene led to the absence of B cells while T cells were comparable to Aβo.DQ8 mice. Arthritis and autoantibodies was completely abrogated in B cell deficient DQ8 mice. T cell response and proinflammatory cytokine production in response to type II collagen and its derived peptides in vitro was significantly decreased despite an increased number of Mac-1 positive cells in DQ8.μmt mice compared to DQ8 mice suggesting B cells could be important for antigen presentation as well. In vitro substitution of B cells from wild type mice restored the response in DQ8.umt mice. B cells could also present CII-derived peptides to antigen-specific DQ8-restricted hybridomas reinforcing the role of B cells in presentation of antigens to T cells. The data suggest that B cells can be involved in pathogenesis of arthritis by producing autoantibodies and antigen presentation.
An interesting example of Hund's coupling case (c) in HgAr+

Abstract The rotational energy levels of a diatomic molecule in a Hund's case (c) Ω = 1 2 state arising from 2 D 5 2 + 1 S 0 separated atoms are shown to be given by an expression of the form B[(J + 1 2 ) 2 + 8 ⊣ 1 2 ( p B )(J + 1 2 )] − D[(J + 1 2 ) 2 + 8 ⊣ 1 2 ( p B )(J + 1 2 )] 2 , where the upper and lower sign choices correspond to rotational levels of parity (−1) J− 1 2 and (−1) J+ 1 2 , respectively, and where p ≅ +6B.
Influence of Environmental Quality on Pollen Competitive Ability in Wild Radish

Pollen of Raphanus raphanistrum produced under low nutrient conditions sired fewer seeds than pollen produced under better conditions when the two types were applied on a stigma together. No difference was seen in single-donor crosses. Male mating success can be strongly influenced by the environmental conditions of pollen-bearing plants, a factor overlooked in studies of plant reproductive biology and in standard quantitative genetic crossing designs, where effects of male parent are equated with heritable genetic variation.
On a unified approach to adaptive sampling system design

This paper presents a generalized threshold type criterion for the design of control laws in adaptive sampling systems. It is shown that this single criterion can provide a family of sampling interval control laws which are identical to many well known results reported in the past based on a variety of design philosophies. In addition, some new control laws are readily obtainable. Therefore, this new approach can be regarded as the most systematic treatment to date for the problem of adaptive sampling systems design.
Effect of Corticosteroids on Cataract Formation

• While the cataractogenic effects of corticosteroids are beyond dispute, disagreement exists concerning effects of total dose, intensity of dose, and duration of administration on cataract formation. We studied 106 adult male patients matched for age, race, and socioeconomic status. We compared posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract formation among those with (39) and without (67) a history of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Difference in incidence of PSC opacities among patients with and without a history of corticosteroid therapy was statistically significant. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between PSC opacities and total steroid dose, weekly dose (intensity), duration of dose, or age of patient. Our findings agree with some recent literature that suggests the most important factor in steroid-induced PSC cataract formation may be variability in individual susceptibility to side effects of corticosteroids. We suggest abandoning the concept of a "safe" dose.
Modified critical behavior and crossover in the site impure Baxter-Wu model

Abstract A Monte Carlo technique has been used to study the critical behavior of the Baxter-Wu model containing random, quenched, non-magnetic impurities. The data indicate the appearance of new critical exponents due to the presence of the impurities.
(1,k)-configurations and facets for packing problems

A new class of facets for knapsack polytopes is obtained. This class of inequalities is shown to define a polytope with zero–one vertices only. A combinatorial inequality is obtained from Fulkerson's max—max inequality.
Reciprocal differences in the photoperiod reaction of hybrid populations inSolanum tuberosum

Large reciprocal differences were observed inSolanum tuberosum, when a mixed population of Group Phureja and Gp. Stenotomum was reciprocally crossed with a population of Gp. Tuberosum haploids. In the progeny reciprocal differences were observed for tuber initiation, tuber set, vine senescence, tuber yield, flowering, and male fertility. These differences were large in the F1 generation, but were less dramatic when the populations were inter-mated to form F2 generations. It is proposed that most of the reciprocal differences were due to a difference in photoperiod response in the reciprocal populations. Cytoplasmic inheritance or dauermodification are considered the most likely explanations for this difference in photoperiod reaction.
CONSIDERATIONS FOR FIELD USE OF DISPERSANTS

ABSTRACT A rationale is presented for the correlation of laboratory generated dispersant data to the spill situation in the field. Discussion and tabular presentation of data supports the rationale, which incorporates application factors for dispersant toxicity and effectiveness data to initial concentrations of oil and dispersants in the water column after dispersant application in the field. The EPA's current research projects on oil spill dispersants are summarized.
Measuring Picosecond Isomerization Kinetics via Broadband Microwave Spectroscopy

The rotational spectrum of a highly excited molecule is qualitatively different from its pure rotational spectrum and contains information about the intramolecular dynamics. We have developed a broadband Fourier transform microwave spectrometer that uses chirped-pulse excitation to measure a rotational spectrum in the 7.5- to 18.5-gigahertz range in a single shot and thereby reduces acquisition time sufficiently to couple molecular rotational spectroscopy with tunable laser excitation. After vibrationally exciting a single molecular conformation of cyclopropane carboxaldehyde above the barrier to C-C single-bond isomerization, we applied line-shape analysis of the dynamic rotational spectrum to reveal a product yield and picosecond reaction rate that were significantly different from statistical predictions. The technique should be widely applicable to dynamical studies of radical intermediates, molecular complexes, and conformationally flexible molecules with biological interest.
Risks of endoscopy in hospitalized pediatric patients with collagen vascular diseases

Background: The gastrointestinal manifestations of the collagen vascular diseases have been well described in the pediatric population. These patients frequently have symptoms that constitute indications for endoscopy. However, the risks and benefits of endoscopy in this population have not been examined. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with collagen vascular diseases hospitalized during a 7-year period was undertaken, and those patients who underwent endoscopy were identified. Results: Nine patients (5%) underwent endoscopic procedures (eight upper and three lower endoscopy). Complications and outcomes were analyzed. Indications for endoscopy included abdominal pain, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, and/or vomiting and diarrhea. Two patients had complications that required surgery within 1 day of the endoscopic procedure. One of these patients subsequently died with GI bleeding. Five of the nine patients had changes in their management after endoscopy. Helicobacter pylori infection was identified and treated in two patients. Three patients had esophagitis or gastritis and acid suppression treatment was started or optimized. Vasculopathy was present in the patients who had complications. Conclusions: This series suggests that endoscopy can provide useful information for the management of the pediatric patient with GI symptoms and collagen vascular diseases. However, because serious and potentially life-threatening complications can occur, great care is needed in evaluating the risk/benefit ratio of endoscopy in these patients. (Gastrointest Endosc 1999;49:622-5.)
Plasma somatomedins, endogenous insulin secretion, and growth in transient neonatal diabetes mellitus.

Infants with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus are small for gestational age and fail to thrive postnatally unless insulin is administered. We have measured the concentrations of insulin-related growth factors in an infant girl with this condition to learn if deficiencies in one or more of these factors could be responsible for the impaired growth. Cord blood serum radioimmunoassayable insulin and somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor I (SMC/IGF-I) were low, but insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) measured by a specific radioreceptor assay was normal. Insulin therapy begun on the fourth day of life resulted i n a prompt increase in weight and a delayed rise in SMC/IFG-I. No significant changes in IGF-II were observed. After 2.5 months, insulin treatment was discontinued. At that time, endogenous insulin secretion was documented by increased urinary C-peptide. Normal growth and SMC/IFG-I levels persisted. We conclude that growth failure in this condition may be related not only to a lack of insuli...
A methodology for computation reduction for specially structured large scale Markov decision problems

Abstract Markov Decision Processes (MDP's) deal with sequential decision making in stochastic systems. Existing solution techniques provide powerful tools for determining the optimal policy set in such systems. However, many problems have extremely large state and action spaces making them computationally intractable. Typically, the state variable definition is n -dimensiona and the number of states expands at a rate proportional to the power of n . For such large problems, the need for large amounts of random access memory and computation time restricts the ability to obtain solutions. The purpose of this paper is both to present a methodology which takes advantage of the structure of many large scale problems (i.e., problems with a high percentage of transient states under optimal control), and to provide computational results indicating the value of the approach.
Peptide-receptor protein relationships: Steroid feedback in GnRH stimulation of the anterior pituitary

Gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor protein (GnRH·RP) purifled to homogeneity has several binding sites for its effector hormone, as evidenced from the concentration dependence binding curve. Binding of a fully biologically active iodinated GnRH decreased (P < 0.001) by pretreatment of immobilized receptor protein with physiological concentrations of both main sex steroids, testosterone and estradiol 17-β. With increasing concentrations of the steroids the binding of 125I-GnRH decreased biphasically for testosterone and multiphasically for estradiol 17-β. The findings are conducive to an allosteric receptor model.
Clinical Experience with Specific COX-2 Inhibitors in Arthritis

The common mechanism of action of aspirin and the chemically unrelated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is the inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) production due to interference with the enzymatic activity of cyclooxygenase (COX). These agents have long been used as effective treatments for arthritis. The recognition that the inducible isoform COX-2 was associated with inflammation and arthritis led to the hypothesis that PGs produced by a COX-2-dependent pathway were responsible for the inflammation, pain, and tissue destruction. Since the constitutive COX-1 enzyme was identified as responsible for gastroprotection and inhibition of platelet function, the potential for compounds that were both effective and safer than NSAIDs led to rapid development of agents that specifically inhibit COX-2. These agents have now been tested and approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration for patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. They have been shown equally effective to comparitor NSAIDs. More importantly, there is a 3.5-fold reduction in the incidence of endoscopic gastroduodenal ulcerations and early data suggesting a similar reduction in clinically significant perforations, symptomatic ulcers, and bleeds. In patients with arthritis at risk for gastrointestinal complications of NSAIDs, specific inhibitors of COX-2 provide an effective and apparently safer form of anti-inflammatory agent.
Comments on: deformation twins in punched specimens of a 321 steel

Discussion d'un article de S.B. Newcomb (ibid. 16, 1153 (1982)). Les maclages de dislocation dans des disques poinconnes d'acier inoxydable austenitique peuvent resulter d'une variete de processus de deformation
Racial disparities and treatment trends in a large cohort of elderly African Americans and Caucasians with colorectal cancer, 1991 to 2002.

BACKGROUND. Racial differences have been demonstrated in patients who receive treatment for colorectal cancer. However, little is known about whether these disparities have changed over time. The objective of this study was to determine whether racial disparities in receiving standard therapy have declined between 1991 and 2002. METHODS. The study population consisted of 59,803 Caucasians and African Americans aged ≥65 years who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer (American Joint Committee on Cancer stages I, II, and III) between 1991 and 2002 and were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program/Medicare-linked database. Standard therapy for colorectal cancer was defined based on the Physician Data Query guidelines from the National Cancer Institute. The crude and age- and sex-adjusted percentages and the odds ratios (ORs) of receiving standard therapy were reported. RESULTS. From 1991 to 2002, the percentage of patients who did not receive standard therapy for colorectal cancer decreased for both Caucasians (from 24.5% to 22.4%) and African Americans (from 30.4% to 26.4%). Overall, African Americans were 16% less likely to receive standard therapy for colorectal cancer (OR, 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.90) than Caucasians, but the difference was not significant after the analysis was adjusted for other factors (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.88-1.05). The gap for not receiving standard therapy was relatively stable, peaked in 1997 (7.2%), and decreased from 1999 to 2002 (from 7.1% to 4%). CONCLUSIONS. The percentage of patients receiving standard therapy for colorectal cancer increased over time, but disparities remained and decreased in recent years. Future studies should include other ethnic groups and should incorporate provider and system factors that may contribute to treatment disparities. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
S-state instabilities for retarded interactions☆

Abstract The effective elecron-electron interaction in superconductors is characterized by its short range and retardation. We have studied the occurrence of two-particle s-wave instabilities for various retarded potentials. Formally, our results are related to the question of whether other particle-particle s-wave instabilities would occur if a superconductor could be super-cooled below its ordinary transition temperature which is associated with the first s-wave instability. Under the conditions outlined below, only a single s-wave instability associated with the standard superconducting transition temperature is found. The analysis is then turned to the problem of evaluating T c for strong coupling superconductors.
Predicting fracture in structural fillet welds using traditional and micromechanical fracture models

Traditional J-integral based fracture mechanics approaches and novel micromechanics-based simulations featuring the Stress Modified Critical Strain (SMCS) model are examined to evaluate their effectiveness in predicting fracture deformation capacity of structural fillet welds. This study represents one of the first detailed applications of these novel modeling techniques to fillet weld materials and details commonly used in civil construction. The study is based on experiments on twenty-four fillet welded cruciform specimens featuring a sharp root notch transverse to the direction of loading. The tested parameters include two weld filler materials, two weld sizes and two root notch lengths. The cruciform tests are complemented by detailed finite element simulations as well as ancillary tests (including sharp cracked fracture mechanics tests, Charpy V-Notch tests and notched tension coupons) to calibrate weld material toughness properties. The results indicate that the SMCS model can predict fracture in the structural fillet welds with good accuracy, while the J-integral based methods result in somewhat conservative and inaccurate predictions of fracture. The inaccuracy is higher, especially for the tougher fillet welds where extensive yielding prior to fracture invalidates the J-integral as a measure of fracture toughness. The results suggest that if calibrated and applied appropriately, micromechanics-based models such as the SMCS show promise in predicting fracture in fillet welds, when traditional approaches may not be reliable.
Are Many-Body Effects Important in Protein Folding?

In this article we investigate the importance of many-body and nonclassical effects, such as polarization and charge transfer, on the folding of the betanova protein. Our calculations show that these effects are crucial in stabilization of the system. Moreover, both polarization and charge transfer significantly alter the charge distribution of the system. Our detailed study shows that these fluctuations in charge are solely dependent on the local environment and not on the overall fold of the protein. Moreover, the contributions of polarization and charge transfer are roughly constant during the protein folding process. This means that the folding driving force is largely determined by the electrostatic energy. Our findings indicate that the folding of betanova can be accurately described by effective two-body potentials, despite the absence of explicit polarization and charge transfer in these models.
Differences between right versus left lateral body tilt in its effect on the visual and tactual perception of verticality.

Ninety six Ss were subjected to lateral body tilt, ranging from 10° to 90° to the right and to the left, and indicated the visual vertical (by means of a luminescent rod) and the tactual vertical (by means of a metal bar) in a darkroom. There were significant differences for deviations of apparent from true vertical in both series between body tilt to the right versus to the left. With tilts to the right, apparent vertical deviated more opposite the direction of tilt, the E-phenomenon, or less in the direction of tilt, the A-phenomenon, as compared with tilts to the left.
Effect of microbial growth on pore entrance size distribution in sandstone cores

The in situ growth of microorganisms in Berea sandstone cores preferentially plugged the larger pore entrances. The largest pore entrance sizes after microbial plugging ranged from 20 to 38 μm, compared with 59 to 69 μm before plugging. The pore entrance size distribution of plugged cores was shifted to smaller sizes. A mathematical model based on Poiseuille's equation was found to adequately predict permeability reductions (greater than 90%) caused by microbial growth in the large pore entries.
Intestinal epithelial cell migration is regulated by substance P

Abstract Introduction: Intestinal epithelial cells reseal mucosal wounds through migration. This process of mucosal restitution is vital for many intestinal functions. Recent evidence implicates a role for Substance P (SP), a common neurotransmitter in the neurons of the intestinal mucosa, in the maintenance of gastrointestinal mucosal integrity. We have previously demonstrated that SP increases migration. We hypothesized that this enhanced migration was dependent on specific SP receptor-mediated actions that involved increased calcium flux and cytoskeletal arrangements. Methods: Studies were performed upon cultured IEC-6 cells. Calcium levels were measured by fura-2 imaging. Stress-fiber staining was measured using specific antibodies staining. Migration was directly measured as cells per millimeter over a 6 hour period. Results: Exposure of cells to SP (10-9 M) after wounding increased migration (from 50 + 6 to 73 + 6 cells/mm). Co-incubation with the SP receptor (NK1 receptor subtype) antagonist completely blocked this response. Exposure of cells to SP demonstrated dose-dependent elevation of cytosolic Ca+2 levels at physiologic levels (10-9 to 10–12M). This Ca+2 response was blocked completely NK1 receptor antagonism at a dose of 100mcM. SP increased actomyosin stress fiber staining by 12% versus control cells. Conclusions: These results indicate that for intestinal epithelial cells, Substance P stimulates Ca+2 release, stress fiber formation, and cell migration.
What’s There and What’s Not: Measuring Daily Hassles in Urban African American Adolescents:

Objective: A review of current empirical research on adolescent stress reveals that measures of stress were developed using primarily suburban adolescents. However, there has not been a thorough examination of stressors that specifically affect urban minority adolescents. This article discusses the findings from the Urban Hassles Scale (UHS). Method: A nonrandom sample of 131 African American adolescents was surveyed to assess the stressors within their environments. Results: Findings suggest that the UHS has construct and concurrent validity with a Cronbach’s alpha of .85. Conclusions: The UHS has practical implications for practitioners providing services to adolescents residing in the urban milieu. Social worker researchers can utilize the UHS to further study the cumulative effect of constant stress on adolescents living in such environments.
Planting Date and Cultivar Effects on Soybean Yield, Seed Quality, and Phomopsis sp. Seed Infection

Incidence of Phomopsis seed decay is frequently high and quality low in seed from early-maturing maturity group III and IV soybean cultivars planted in early to mid-April in the southern United States. Cultivars resistant to this disease have not been available until the recent release of germ plasm lines SS 93-6012 and SS 93-6181. Our objective was to determine the effects of planting dates with these lines and one Phomopsis seed decay-susceptible soybean cultivar, Asgrow 3834, on seed infection by Phomopsis spp. and on yield and the correlation between percentage of Asgrow 3834 infected with Phomopsis spp. and seed quality. Generally, yields averaged over years were significantly greater for mid-April than mid-June plantings, and yields of cultivars were similar within a planting date. Soybean lines SS 93-6012 and SS 93-6181 were highly resistant to Phomopsis seed decay compared with the susceptible cultivar, Asgrow 3834. There was a significant, negative correlation between germination of seed from mid-April plantings of Asgrow 3834 and percentage of these seed infected with Phomopsis spp. Moreover, there were significant correlations between fatty acid composition of Asgrow 3834 seed and the percentage of these seed infected with Phomopsis spp. This altered composition of fatty acids may be responsible for reduced quality of oil derived from seed infected with this fungus. Phomopsis seed decay-resistant soybean lines SS 93-6012 and SS 93-6181 should be useful in breeding programs focused on developing high-yielding cultivars resistant to this disease.
Socially responsible Criminology: Quality relevant research with targeted, effective dissemination

This address argues that some members of the criminology community must take upon themselves the responsibility of communicating the knowledge developed by the field to practitioners and decision makers. It is reasoned that only with such targeted dissemination will the full potential benefits from our work be realized.
Somatic Frameshift Mutations in DNA Mismatch Repair and Proapoptosis Genes in Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer

An exacerbated genomic instability at simple repeated sequences characterizes cancer of the microsatellite mutator phenotype (MMP). The majority of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancers (HNPCCs) and about 15% of nonselected (“sporadic”) gastrointestinal tumors belong to the MMP pathway of tumorigenesis. Colorectal MMP+ and MMP- tumors exhibit fundamental differences in genotype and phenotype. We have shown previously that “sporadic” MMP+ colon cancers exhibit a paradoxical low incidence of somatic mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and the c-K-ras proto-oncogene. On the other hand, gastrointestinal MMP+ cancers frequently harbor frameshift mutations in genes containing mononucleotide repeats. These include the cell growth regulator gene TGFβRII and the proapoptotic gene BAX . We have also recently shown the frequent presence of frameshift mutations in (A)8 and (C)8 tracts within the hMSH3 and hMSH6 DNA mismatch repair genes in sporadic colon cancer of the MMP. Here, we describe the nearly identical incidence of somatic frameshift mutations in these genes in a panel of 27 HNPCC MMP+ cancers: 52% in hMSH3 and BAX and 33% in hMSH6 . In contrast, no mutations in any of these genes were found in 10 MMP- cancers of HNPCC patients. These results show that the multistep model for the unfolding of the MMP also applies to HNPCC and further illustrate the importance of the escape from apoptosis in the MMP pathway for gastrointestinal cancer. They also underscore the differences in genotype between tumors with and without enhanced microsatellite instability and the similarities in genotype between tumors of the MMP regardless of their hereditary or sporadic nature.
Antiproliferative Effects of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Vitamin D Analogs on Tumor-Derived Endothelial Cells

Although there is abundant evidence that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] inhibits the growth of several cancer cell types, inhibition of angiogenesis may also play a role in mediating the antitumor effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3. We examined the ability of 1,25-(OH)2D3 to inhibit the growth of tumor-derived endothelial cells (TDECs) and normal endothelial cells and to modulate angiogenic signaling. 1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibited the growth of TDECs from two tumor models at nanomolar concentrations, but was less potent against normal aortic or yolk sac endothelial cells. The vitamin D analogs Ro-25-6760, EB1089, and ILX23-7553 were also potent inhibitors of TDEC proliferation. Furthermore, the combination of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and dexamethasone had greater activity than either agent alone. 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased vitamin D receptor and p27Kip1 protein levels in TDECs, whereas phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-Akt levels were reduced. These changes were not observed in normal aortic endothelial cells. In squamous cell carcinom...
Polymer-Polymer Interdiffusion

Interdiffusion of polymer chains plays an important role in establishing good adhesion at polymer interfaces as well as in the kinetics of phase separation and mixing in polymer blends. Reptation, a process in which a given linear chain crawls along a primitive path defined by the topological constraints due to the surrounding chains, is thought to be the most important diffusion mechanism. A reptating chain of Volecular weight M should have a tracer diffusion coefficient given by D =DR =Do M−2, where Do depends on the Rouse mobility of the chain and an entanglement molecular weight, Me. Because the topological constraints are assumed to be fixed, DR is independent of the molecular weight P of the polymer into which the M-chains are diffusing. In principle however if M is large enough and P is small enough the M-chain can diffuse by rearrangement of the P-chains surrounding it, a process called constraint release. The D for this process, DCR= αCRDoMe2/(MP3), where αCR is a constant approximately equal to 13, increases strongly with decreasing P. Recent experimental results, which give evidence for both reptation and constraint release, will be reviewed. These results have important implications for the diffusion of nonlinear polymer chains, e.g. stars and rings.
All-Optical Packet-Header Recognition at 100 Gb/s Using a Simplified 4-f Correlator

A novel high-speed correlator is proposed and demonstrated for packet-header recognition at 100 Gb/s. The system includes only linear optical components, operates with low optical powers, and is scalable to 1 Tb/s.
Comparison of adaptive beamforming and orthogonal STBC with outdated feedback

We compare the achievable performance of adaptive beamforming (A-BF) and adaptive orthogonal space time block coding (A-OSTBC) with outdated channel feedback. We extend our single user setup to multiuser diversity systems employing adaptive modulation, and illustrate the impact of feedback delay on the multiuser diversity gain with either A-OSTBC or A-BF. Using closed-form expressions for spectral efficiency and average BER of a multiuser diversity system derived in this paper, we prove that the A-BF scheme outperforms the A-OSTBC scheme with no feedback delay. However, when the feedback delay is large, the A-OSTBC scheme achieves better performance due to the reduced diversity advantage of A-BF. We observe that more transmit antennas bring higher spectral efficiency for BF. With small feedback delay, this becomes inverted using OSTBC, due to the effect of channel-hardening. Interestingly, however, we show that A-OSTBC with multiple users enjoys improved spectral efficiency when the number of transmit antennas is increased and the feedback delay is significant
A 16-channel charge sensitive amplifier IC for a PIN photodiode array based PET detector module

A 16-channel integrated circuit charge sensitive preamplifier has been developed for a PET detector module that uses an 8/spl times/8 array of PIN photodiodes to identify the crystal of interaction. The amplifier, which is made using 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, produces an output of 100 mV per 1000 e/sup -/ input, and its noise performance is optimized for 10 pF detector capacitance. The rise time, fall time, bias current through the first FET, and detector current compensation are each controlled by a dc current applied to the 2 mm square chip. The Johnson noise (e/sup -/ fwhm at 1 /spl mu/s peaking time) is 173+13C, where C is the input capacitance in pF, and the shot noise (e/sup -/ fwhm) is 16.4/spl radic/(IT), where I is the detector dark current in pA and T is the amplifier shaping time in /spl mu/s. With this amplifier, the target noise of 300 e/sup -/ fwhm can nearly be met with 300 /spl mu/m depletion thickness photodiodes (3 pF, 200 pA per 3/spl times/3 mm element). >
Tuning RED Parameters in Satellite Networks Using Control Theory

Congestion in the Internet results in wasted bandwidth and also stands in the way of guaranteeing QoS. The effect of congestion is multiplied many fold in Satellite networks, where the resources are very expensive. Thus congestion control has a special significance in the performance of Satellite networks. In today’s Internet, congestion control is implemented mostly using some form of the de facto standard, RED. But tuning of parameters in RED has been a major problem throughout. Achieving high throughput with corresponding low delays is the main goal in parameter setting. It is also desired to keep the oscillations in the queue low to reduce jitter, so that the QoS guarantees can be improved. In this paper, we use a previously linearized fluid flow model of TCP-RED to study the performance and stability of the Queue in the router. We use classical control tools like Tracking Error minimization and Delay Margin to study the performance, stability of the system. We use the above-mentioned tools to provide guidelines for setting the parameters in RED, such that the throughput, delay and jitter of the system are optimized. Thus we provide guidelines for optimizing satellite IP networks. We apply our results exclusively for optimizing the performance of satellite networks, where the effects of congestion are much pronounced and need for optimization is much important. We use ns simulator to validate our results to support our analysis.
Introduction: This is Our Music

GERALD EARLY, a Fellow of the American Academy since 1997 and Chair of the Academy’s Council, is the Merle Kling Professor of Modern Letters at Washington University in St. Louis. His books include A Level Playing Field: African American Athletes and the Republic of Sports (2011), One Nation Under a Groove: Motown and American Culture (rev. ed., 2004), and This is Where I Came In: Black America in the 1960s (2003). The twentieth century has many names: the Century of the Child, the American Century, the Century of Genocide, the Age of the Atom, the Era of Mass Culture, the Age of the Welfare State, the Age of Totalitarianism. But the most apt characterization of the last century may be historian Tim Blanning’s “the Age of the Triumph of Music.”1 To be sure, in Western society in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, music was an incredible force–from the creation of national anthems to the rise of folk music as an expression of the authentic, from wild adulation for certain composers and performers (Beethoven, Liszt, Rossini, Nellie Melba, Jenny Lind, among many others) to the popularity of a highly racialized American minstrelsy that became the cornerstone of the American musical theater. (The rise of the piano as a major performance vehicle and source for composition and the rise of the parlor piano as a signi1⁄2er of domestic bourgeois taste and manner are themselves extraordinary occurrences of the modern musical sensibility.2) The twentieth century did not invent the popular obsession with music, but it did, in both degree and kind, transform the nature of the obsession. In the twentieth century, thanks to recording technology, music became ubiquitous; audiences could experience it divorced from live performance and, as studio technology improved, divorced from the constraints of live performance.3 (This brings to mind legendary rock and roll producer Phil Spector’s observation about his bombastic teen tunes of the
Variation Aware Timing Based Placement Using Fuzzy Programming

In nanometer regime, the effects of variations are having an increasing impact on the delay and power characteristics of devices as well as the yield of the circuit. Statistical timing analysis and variation aware optimization schemes are required to improve the performance and yield of fabricated circuits. In this paper, we propose a new timing based incremental placement algorithm using fuzzy mathematical programming (FMP) in which the uncertainty due to process variations is modeled using fuzzy numbers. The objective is to minimize the worst negative slack of the circuit with the variations in gate and interconnect delays modeled as triangular fuzzy numbers. In this approach, average and worst case deterministic optimizations are performed to determine the bounds of the problem and then, use these bounds to convert the fuzzy problem into a crisp problem. The crisp model is targeted at maximizing the variation resistance or robustness of the circuit without compromising on the achievable performance of the circuit. The proposed approach being tested on ITC '99 benchmarks shows an average of 12% improvement when compared to the worst case process variations setting, with a timing yield of 99-100%, as verified through Monte-Carlo simulations
Rapid Determination of Egg Weight and Specific Gravity Using a Computerized Data Collection System

Abstract A rapid data-collection system for determining egg weight and specific gravity is described. The method links a microcomputer and an electronic balance to facilitate specific gravity determination by the displaced water (CADW) or Archimedes’ method. Measurements obtained by this technique were compared with those determined by the saline flotation method. Repeatability measures showed both methods to be relatively precise. The CADW method was faster and reduced opportunities for clerical error.
Improved measurements of atmospheric nitrous oxide

Nitrous oxide (N2O), one of the main greenhouse gases, is known for its degrading effect on Earth's ozone layer. The gas is created naturally by microbial activity on land and in the oceans and artificially by emissions from human-made processes, through fertilization or burning fossil fuels. As the climate continues to warm, it has become imperative to be able to track and quantify the greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere, and various satellite missions have been launched to do so.
A Contingent Claims Analysis of Real Estate Listing Agreements

This article examines real estate brokerage contracts as contingent claims. It derives terminal and boundary conditions for this contract. A Nelson and Ramaswamy (1990) style lattice is then developed to solve the partial differential equation for the value of the listing agreement. After identifying various parameters that determine the contract's value, those parameters are varied to examine their relative impact on the contract.
The Methodology of the Modernists: Process in American Protestantism

Scholarship on early-twentieth-century American Protestant modernism appears to have arrived at an impasse. Although scholars continue to explore the biographical contours of modernist individuals, and theologians still review the capacity of modernist theologies, the body of analytical scholarship on the “modernist impulse” has failed to keep apace with the glut of materials addressing its fraternal twin, fundamentalism. Published in 1976, William Hutchison's The Modernist Impulse in American Protestantism remains the last significant historical commentary on the cultural and intellectual dynamics of Protestant modernism. In that masterful exegesis, Hutchison supplied the classic definition of this impulse, arguing that despite the diversity of its participants and complexity of their thought, the modernist movement in America could be accurately summarized as a shared commitment to cultural adaptation, God's immanent role in human development, and a postmillennial progressivism. While this tripartite formulation still provides the authoritative elucidation of early-twentieth-century Protestant thought, a reappraisal of the modernist canon reveals that Christian liberals not only were invested in theological overhaul and intellectual malleability, but also persistently specified an elaborate methodological structure for belief. In works such as Minot Savage's Jesus and Modern Life (1898), Margaret Benson's The Venture of Rational Faith (1908), Douglas Clyde Macintosh's Theology as an Empirical Science (1919), J. Macbride Sterrett's Modernism in Religion (1922), and Henry Nelson Wieman's The Wrestle of Religion with Truth (1927), seminarians and ministers offered detailed descriptions of how Protestants should think in the modern era. These were not expansive tracts bent on exploring the fluid boundaries of faith in a plural culture; rather, these were precise, pointed exhortations on the virtue of scrupulous historical research, scriptural comparison, and relentless self-examination. Rather than continue to translate Protestant modernism as cultural acquiescence and enthusiastic historicism, this essay suggests that a recalibrated portrait of this movement is needed.
Energy-efficient transmission over a wireless link via lazy packet scheduling

The paper considers the problem of minimizing the energy used to transmit packets over a wireless link via lazy schedules that judiciously vary packet transmission times. The problem is motivated by the following key observation: in many channel coding schemes, the energy required to transmit a packet can be significantly reduced by lowering the transmission power and transmitting the packet over a longer period of time. However, information is often time-critical or delay-sensitive and transmission times cannot be made arbitrarily long. We therefore consider packet transmission schedules that minimize energy subject to a deadline or a delay constraint. Specifically, we obtain an optimal offline schedule for a node operating under a deadline constraint. An inspection of the form of this schedule naturally leads us to an online schedule which is shown, through simulations, to be energy-efficient. Finally, we relax the deadline constraint and provide an exact probabilistic analysis of our offline scheduling algorithm. We then devise a lazy online algorithm that varies transmission times according to backlog and show that it is more energy efficient than a deterministic schedule that guarantees stability for the same range of arrival rates.