cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The prognostic value of discordant T waves in lead aVR: A simple risk marker of sudden cardiac arrest in ischemic cardiomyopathy

Abstract Background Simple and reliable ECG marker(s) for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) could be very useful in assessing high-risk populations. Since ischemic repolarization abnormalities in the left ventricular (LV) apex are strongly correlated with discordant T waves in lead aVR, we sought to evaluate the clinical and prognostic significance of this feature in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods The PAREPET trial enrolled patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy eligible for a primary prevention implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD). Those with persistent pacing or left bundle branch block were excluded. Amplitudes of T/aVR were automatically computed from median ECG beats at enrollment and endpoints were blindly adjudicated. Results The sample was mainly composed of older men (n = 138, age 65 ± 12, 91% male, EF 29 ± 9%). At enrollment, amplitude of T/aVR significantly correlated with EF, indexed LV end-diastolic volume, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), regional scar volume, and PET-quantified denervated myocardium. After a median follow up of 4.2 years, there were 23 (17%) adjudicated SCA. In multivariate analysis, the presence of discordant T/aVR (> 0 mm, n = 42, 30%) was a significant and independent predictor of SCA (hazard ratio 2.0 [95% CI 1.0–4.9]) and cardiac death (hazard ratio 1.9 [95% CI 1.0–3.7]). Conclusions In subjects with ischemic cardiomyopathy, discordant T waves in lead aVR are associated with high-risk clinical parameters including lower ejection fraction, greater ventricular volume, higher BNP, and more denervated myocardium. Furthermore, discordant T/aVR remained an independent predictor of SCA and cardiovascular mortality even after accounting for these prognostic factors.
Hatchery Steelhead Smolt Release Size Effects on Adult Production and Straying

AbstractStudies have demonstrated higher postrelease survival for larger hatchery steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss smolts than for smaller ones. However, the ideal release size should also maximize adult returns and minimize interactions of hatchery fish with wild fish. We conducted a study over five release years with paired groups of anadromous hatchery steelhead smolts reared to target sizes of either 90 g (small size) or 113 g (large size). After stream release, we monitored out-migration travel times and survival to a downstream dam using freeze-brand marks in a subsample of each release group. Steelhead smolts that out-migrate quickly may interact less with wild fish. Across all release groups, travel time was about 3 d slower for small-sized smolts than for large ones, but this difference was not statistically significant, and there was no significant difference in the percentage of brands detected at the dam between the two smolt sizes. Coded wire tag recovery was used to compare smolt-to-adult survi...
Abdominoscrotal hydrocele in infancy with incorporated epididymal tissue

Abdominoscrotal hydrocele is a rare condition where a large hydrocele is connected to a preperitoneal space through the inguinal canal. We present a case of a young male with an abdominoscrotal hydrocele who showed gross absence of an epididymis upon hydrocele removal. Upon pathological examination, epididymal tissue was found to be incorporated into the wall of the hydrocele sac.
Stage I-II endometrial adenocarcinoma evolution of therapeutic paradigms: the role of surgery and adjuvant radiation

Abstract. Look K. Stage I-II endometrial adenocarcinoma evolution of therapeutic paradigms: the role of surgery and adjuvant radiation. The objective was to review the English-language literature regarding the utility of adjuvant radiation therapy following surgery for endometrial adenocarcinoma. An OVID software (Ovid Technologies, Inc., New York, NY) search of Medline articles from 1975 to 2001 was conducted using the keywords “endometrial neoplasm,”“surgery,” and “radiation therapy.” The papers were assessed with regard to (a) extent of surgical staging (b) type of adjuvant radiotherapy utilized: external vs. brachytherapy vs. combination therapy; and (c) whether the patients were treated as part of prospective trial or reported as a descriptive series reflecting an institution9s practice pattern. Survival rates are excellent for patients with early stage disease treated in either paradigm of extended-surgical staging with more restricted use of the adjuvant therapy or simple hysterectomy bilateral salpingoophorectomy with more frequent use of adjvuant radiotherapy. All three prospecctive-randomized trials (PRCT) have shown an improvement in local control but no overall survival benefit for the entire accrued group. All three PRCTs have shown a higher risk of disease recurrence in older patients or those with grade 3 histology or deep invasion. Each suggests there may be a survival benefit for the subset of patients with such high-risk features, but at present there is no prospective data that demonstrates adjuvant radiotherapy will improve the overall survival for the highest-risk subset of older patients with high-grade deeply invasive disease.
The metabolism of nicotinamide-N-oxide.

Abstract 1. 1. Nicotinamide-N-oxide is formed from nicotinamide, in vivo , by rats. 2. 2.Hog-liver homogenate reduces nicotinamide-N-oxide to nicotinamide.
Thermodynamic analysis of the stability of supported metal catalysts

The stability of the bidimensional dispersed state of metal on a support is analyzed by comparing its free enthalpy with the free enthalpy of the state in which the metal atoms are agglomerated in the form of crystallites. The chief result of the analysis is the existence of a critical crystallite radius rc given by the equation rc ≡ 5δ1 − cos θ, where δ represents the diameter of a platinum atom and θ the wetting angle of the metal on the support. For crystallite radii smaller than rc the bidimensional dispersed state is more stable, while for radii larger than rc the crystallite state is more stable.
Invertible completions of partial operator matrices: The nonsymmetric case

Abstract We consider nonsymmetric partial operator matrices R whose directed graphs belong to a certain class and for which certain key, fully specified principal submatrices are invertible. Under these circumstances, we prove the existence of a unique invertible completion F of R such that (F-1)ij is block zero whenever Rij is unspecified. In this way, the existing results of Johnson and Lundquist are generalized to the nonsymmetric case.
Aerobic glycolysis during lymphocyte proliferation

GLYCOLYSIS, for most mammalian cells, is only a prelude to the complete respiratory oxidation of glucose. Lactate production is usually barely, if at all, detectable in aerobic conditions1. Consequently, when Warburg2,3 observed that various tumours showed active aerobic glycolysis, he postulated that defective tumour cell respiration was the reason and was, moreover, the basic difference between normal and cancer cells. Although aerobic glycolysis by tumour tissue has been confirmed many times, defective respiration in cancer cells has not been established4. The failure to uncover a respiratory defect in cancer cells has led to other explanations. It has been suggested, for example, that aerobic glycolysis is linked to cell growth rather than to malignancy5, and for several hepatomas a correlation could be made between the amount of lactate produced and the cell doubling time6,7. It follows that if aerobic glycolysis is related to cell growth, it might be possible as much in normal as malignant cells. There is some evidence for this. Aerobic glycolysis has been noted in proliferating fibroblasts during the period of maximum increase in cell numbers8,9. Human lymphocytes have shown an increase in respiration and also produced lactate when stimulated by the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin10,11. In chick embryo and skeletal muscle fibroblasts12,13, glycolysis increased during log phase growth, but several factors seemed to influence lactate production. Medium composition, aggregation state of cells, culture pH and cell density were all considered more important in determining glycolytic activity than growth rate. It should be noted, however, that these factors are also important to the proliferative rate of these cells. We believe that the important question is not whether culture conditions can influence lactate production, but rather whether glycolysis is linked to cell division. So far no systematic study of the relationship of the appearance of aerobic glycolysis to cell proliferation or the phases of the cell cycle has been reported. This report presents evidence in normal lymphocytes that aerobic glycolysis not only is associated with cellular proliferation, but more specifically is temporally related to DNA synthesis.
Roles of Seed and Establishment Limitation in Determining Patterns of Afrotropical Tree Recruitment

Quantifying the relative importance of the multiple processes that limit recruitment may hold the key to understanding tropical tree diversity. Here we couple theoretical models with a large-scale, multi-species seed-sowing experiment to assess the degree to which seed and establishment limitation shape patterns of tropical tree seedling recruitment in a central African forest. Of five randomly selected species (Pancovia laurentii, Staudtia kamerunensis, Manilkara mabokeensis, Myrianthus arboreas, and Entandophragma utile), seedling establishment and survival were low (means of 16% and 6% at 3 and 24 months, respectively), and seedling density increased with seed augmentation. Seedling recruitment was best explained by species identity and the interaction of site-by-species, suggesting recruitment probabilities vary among species and sites, and supporting the role of niche-based mechanisms. Although seed augmentation enhanced initial seedling density, environmental filtering and post-establishment mortality strongly limited seedling recruitment. The relative importance of seed and establishment limitation changed with seed and seedling density and through time. The arrival of seeds most strongly affected local recruitment when seeds were nearly absent from a site (∼ 1 seed m(2)), but was also important when seeds arrived in extremely high densities, overwhelming niche-based mortality factors. The strength of seed limitation and density-independent mortality decreased significantly over time, while density-dependent mortality showed the opposite trend. The varying strengths of seed and establishment limitation as a function of juvenile density and time emphasize the need to evaluate their roles through later stages of a tree's life cycle.
Performance of the predator Delphastus pusillus on Bemisia resistant and susceptible tomato lines

Host plant resistance and biological control are often assumed to act additively to suppress populations of agricultural pests. Using tomato trichome based resistance to the whitefly Bemisia argentifolii, we tested this additivity assumption with Delphastus pusillus, a coccinelid predator of Bemisia. Various life history traits of D. pusillus were measured on the tomato cultivar ‘Alta,’ which possessed foliage with 3-fold greater trichome densities than the second cultivar ‘VF145B7879.’ Beetles housed on VF145B7879 exhibited significantly greater lifetime fecundities and walking speeds than beetles housed on Alta. No cultivar-specific differences were observed in D. pusillus longevities or handling times. Combining these observations with previously published reports of reduced B. argentifolii population growth rates on Alta compared to VF145B7879, we tested the hypothesis that increased levels of whitefly biological control could be obtained on VF145B7879 by comparison to Alta through releases of D. pusillus. Analyses of results obtained from replicated population trials detected significant reductions in whitefly populations due to D. pusillus releases, but they did not detect a significant influence of tomato cultivar on the ability of D. pusillus to suppress whitefly populations. Significantly longer beetle residence times on Alta than on VF145B7879 may have compensated for the significantly slower walking speeds and reduced lifetime fecundities observed on Alta and produced a neutral effect of foliar trichome densities on B. argentifolii biological control.
Evaluation of the dyspneic patient in the office.

Dyspnea literally means disordered breathing. It is a term generally applied to the sensations experienced by individuals who complain of unpleasant or uncomfortable respiratory sensations. Dyspnea occurs in healthy individuals (ie, with exercise or at high altitude), but respiratory patients experience dyspnea at lower levels of exercise or altitude. Dyspnea may be considered part of the warning system for humans to recognize when they are at risk of receiving inadequate ventilation. Dyspnea has been shown to be an independent predictor of mortality [1], and has been found to be related to quality of life more than pulmonary function tests [2]. A precise or widely accepted definition of dyspnea does not exist, because patients use an array of terms to describe their breathing sensation, and the term dyspnea represents a number of qualitatively distinct sensations. The specific descriptive words used by patients to describe their breathing may provide insight into the underlying pathophysiology of their disease [3,4]. The American Thoracic Society has defined dyspnea in the following way: ‘‘Dyspnea is a term used to characterize a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that is comprised of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity. The experience derives from interactions among multiple physiological, psychological, social and environmental factors, and may induce secondary physiological and behavioral responses’’ [5]. For the purpose of this article, the authors use the terms ‘‘dyspnea’’, ‘‘breathlessness,’’ and ‘‘shortness of breath’’ interchangeably.
Chest Radiography: The Effect Of Varying Spatial Resolution On The Detection And Discrimination Of Diffuse Small Pulmonary Nodules

Clinical evaluation of CT localization devices for chest imaging have demonstrated the advantages of wide dynamic range and edge enhancement produced by image processing. Major disadvantages in relation to film screen radiography are inferior spatial and temporal resolution. An observer detection study utilizing digitized film screen radiographs of patients with diffuse small pulmonary nodules were performed. Relatively low levels of spatial resolution are required for the detection/discrimination of these abnormal pattern types. More complex observer detection studies are required to determine the spatial resolution requirements for electronic digital radiography of the chest.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Factors affecting returns to labor and management on U.S. dairy farms

The objective of this study was to identify factors that contribute to returns to operators’ labor and management of dairy farms in the U.S. Particular attention is given to the role of education and extension. Operators’ labor and management income (OLMI) is used as a measure of financial success. Regression analysis shows farm size, farm organization, level of education, and participation in extension activities and use of extension agents are important factors influencing OLMI. Further, forward contracting of inputs and other measures for controlling variable costs are also important factors in determining the financial success of dairy farms.
Energy gap refractive index relations in semiconductors An overview

An overview of the understanding of correlations between energy gap and refractive index of semiconductors is presented here. The atomic approach of Moss, the nearly free electron model of Penn, the oscillator concept of Wemple and the optical polarizability approach of Finkenrath are considered in this study. The Ravindra relation is discussed in the context of alternate approaches that have been presented in the literature. Case studies of applications of these relations to infrared materials and wide band gap semiconductors are presented.
Proof by incomplete enumeration and other logical misconceptions

The ability to reason with formal logic is a foundational skill for computer scientists and computer engineers that scaffolds the abilities to design, debug, and optimize. By interviewing students about their understanding of propositional logic and their ability to translate from English specifications to Boolean expressions, we characterized common misconceptions and novice problem-solving processes of students who had recently completed a digital logic design class. We present these results and discuss their implications for instruction and the development of pedagogical assessment tools known as concept inventories.
Gestational and neonatal folate deficiency in rats

Abstract Various dgrees of folate deficiency were produced inrats during gestation and lactation to evaluate maternal folate status effects during both the fetal and neonatal periods. Female rats were fed folate-deficient diets with 1% succinylsulfathiazole for 0, 5 and 9 wk before breeding and until 2 wk postpartum; others were fed a control diet. The most severely deficient group had significantly lower wt gain during gestation, with fetal resorption and no live pups being born. The moderately deficient group, with reduced plasma and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations prior to breeding, had impaired gestational wt gain, and, at gestational d 21, their rat fetuses weighed less than controls and had lower folate levels in blood, liver and placenta. The low birthweight pups in this group, at d 14 of age, had poor folate status with depressed brain DNA concentrations. The marginally deficient group produced normal birthweight pups, but growth was impaired at d 14, associated with poor folate status. Milk folate was significantly lower and urinary formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU) was elevated in folatedeficient dams. These experimental results produced statistically significant correlation coefficients between folate status in rat dams and growth, hematology and folate stauus in their pups, even when folate status was marginal.
Sequence-Dependent Effects of Spermine on the Thermodynamics of the B-DNA to Z-DNA Transition†

Spermine has been shown to bind to and stabilize a number of altered DNA conformations, including left-handed Z-DNA. Here, we have quantitatively studied the effects of spermine on the negative sup...
One- and three-parameter density functional theory and high level ab initio theory study of the CH+CH disproportionation reaction

Abstract Complete basis set (CBS) ab initio computational studies were performed with the target being to explore the CH+CH potential energy surface. Several closed and open shell intermediates were located on the potential energy surface. Computed enthalpies for the branching reactions, as well as heats of formation are in excellent agreement. Although CBS computed energies are of high quality, this computational study is not capable of predicting the branching product ratio due to fact that neither the MP2 nor the 6-311G(2d,2p) basis set are sufficient to locate the reactant complexes and the transition state structures for the hydrogen and carbon transfer reactions in the reaction complexes. To properly explore the CH+CH potential energy surface a much higher ab initio theory level is required.
Relationships among measures of communication, marital satisfaction and exposure during couples treatment of agoraphobia

The goals of this study were to examine the relationships among measures of couples interactions (satisfaction and communication), and response to treatment within a group of agoraphobic clients and their partners. The treatment included the clients' partners in structured, graduated in vivo exposure practices. Twenty-two clients and their partners completed pre-, mid- and post-treatment assessments. Treatment responders rated themselves and their partners as more communicative regarding the client's fears, at pre- and mid-assessments in comparison to nonresponders; measures of communication related inversely to levels of anxiety reported during exposures, but marital satisfaction did not relate to any measure of exposure. In addition, level of anxiety during exposure differentiated responders from nonresponders; responders experienced a significant reduction in their levels of anxiety. Finally, ratings of frequency of communication at mid-assessment were highly predictive of treatment outcome at post-assessment. The implications from these findings for communication skills training for a subset of couples who enter couples treatment for agoraphobia are discussed.
Effect of paraventricular injection of neuropeptide Y on milk and water intake of preweanling rats.

Abstract This study investigated the effect of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) injection of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on milk and water intake of 2- and 15-day-old sated rats. On the day prior to testing, rat pups were removed from their mothers and implanted with a cannula directed unilaterally at the PVN. On the following day, each pup was implanted with an intra-oral cannula for oral infusion of milk or water that could be swallowed or rejected. Following a 1-hour period of satiation, each pup received a PVN injection of saline or a single dose of NPY (23.5–235.0 pmol). Milk or water intake was then assessed in a 1-hour test period. Injection of NPY into the PVN enhanced milk and water intake equally at 2 days of age. At 15 days, NPY produced a significantly greater enhancement of milk than water intake. These findings, which are similar to those observed previously with PVN injections of norepinephrine (NE), suggest that: (1) NPY receptors in the PVN, like α 2 -noradrenergic receptors, are functional very early in the postnatal development of the rat; (2) NPY, in addition to its orexigenic effect, produces a small but significant dipsogenic effect; and (3) NPY may function cooperatively with NE in the PVN to stimulate feeding and drinking beginning at a very early age.
The physiological significance of a coronary stenosis differentially affects contractility and mitochondrial function in viable chronically dysfunctional myocardium

The reversibility of viable dysfunctional myocardium after revascularization is variable and the reasons for this are unknown. Using 2D-DIGE, we tested the hypothesis that this could reflect the extent of molecular remodeling of myocardial tissue in the absence of infarction. Swine with a progressive left anterior descending (LAD) stenosis were studied 2 months (n = 18) or 3 months (n = 22) post-instrumentation. Coronary flow reserve (vasodilated/rest) was severely reduced at 2 months (LAD 2.6 ± 0.4 versus 5.1 ± 0.4 in normal, p < 0.05) and became critically impaired after 3 months (LAD 1.1 ± 0.2, p < 0.05 vs. 2 months). Despite progression in stenosis severity, reductions in wall thickening at 2 months (LAD 37 ± 4 % vs. remote 86 ± 9 %, p < 0.05) were unchanged at 3 months (LAD 32 ± 3 %, p = ns). Contractile dysfunction was primarily related to reductions (LAD/normal) in contractile proteins which were not affected by stenosis severity (e.g., troponin T, 2 months 0.82 ± 0.03 vs. 0.74 ± 0.03 at 3 months, p-ns). In contrast, mitochondrial function and proteins were normal at 2 months but declined with progression to a critical stenosis (state 3 respiration at 3 months 145 ± 13 vs. 216 ± 5 ng-atoms O2 mg−1 min−1 at 2 months, p < 0.05). In a similar fashion, increases in stress (e.g., αB-crystalline 2.13 ± 0.2 vs. 1.17 ± 0.13 at 2 months, p < 0.05) and cytoskeletal proteins (e.g., desmin 1.63 ± 0.12 vs. 1.24 ± 0.10 at 2 months, p < 0.05) only developed with more advanced remodeling from a critical stenosis. We conclude that similar degrees of chronic contractile dysfunction can have diverse intrinsic molecular adaptations to ischemia. This spectrum of adaptations may underlie variability in the time course and extent of reversibility in viable chronically dysfunctional myocardium after revascularization.
The Great Attractor: do galaxies trace the large-scale mass distribution?

Large-scale inhomogeneities have been discovered in the distribution of galaxies and attempts have been made to infer, from their motions, the distribution of the additional, invisible matter that dominates the dynamical evolution of the Universe. Like the galaxy distribution, the smoothed distribution of mass density shows high-contrast features stretching over vast regions. The local volume of the Universe seems to be dominated by a single region of above-average mass density: the Great Attractor.
A comparative arima analysis of the 111 series of the makridakis competition

The 111 series of the Makridakis competition are used to address a number of questions pertaining to use of the Box–Jenkins technique. The ARIMA models developed are compared to the ARIMA models developed independently by Andersen for the Makridakis competition. The time required to perform the analysis for each series is discussed in terms of model complexity. Forecast accuracy, measured as the MAPE for the one step ahead forecast, is discussed for different series lengths.
Negative Control of p53 by Sir2α Promotes Cell Survival under Stress

The NAD-dependent histone deacetylation of Sir2 connects cellular metabolism with gene silencing as well as aging in yeast. Here, we show that mammalian Sir2alpha physically interacts with p53 and attenuates p53-mediated functions. Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) inhibits an NAD-dependent p53 deacetylation induced by Sir2alpha, and also enhances the p53 acetylation levels in vivo. Furthermore, Sir2alpha represses p53-dependent apoptosis in response to DNA damage and oxidative stress, whereas expression of a Sir2alpha point mutant increases the sensitivity of cells in the stress response. Thus, our findings implicate a p53 regulatory pathway mediated by mammalian Sir2alpha. These results have significant implications regarding an important role for Sir2alpha in modulating the sensitivity of cells in p53-dependent apoptotic response and the possible effect in cancer therapy.
Examining the influence of strategic profit emphases on employee engagement and service climate

Purpose – Research suggests that employee engagement favorably influences the provision of customer service, that high levels of service employee engagement are rare, and that firms' strategic profit emphases affect engagement and service climate. This study responds to calls for research that identifies drivers of employee engagement and foundational issues that promote effective service climates within service organizations. Design/methodology/approach – A survey method is utilized to assess data from 502 key informant service employees from multiple service industries. Findings – The findings indicate that service organizations' revenue enhancement and cost containment strategic profit emphases differentially influence employee engagement, and that organizational and job engagement differentially influence service climate. Research limitations/implications – Data comprised of individual service employees' perceptions of their firms' strategic profit emphases and service climates are utilized. Although ...
Antibody-based protection against HIV infection by vectored immunoprophylaxis

Despite tremendous efforts, development of an effective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has proved an elusive goal. Recently, however, numerous antibodies have been identified that are capable of neutralizing most circulating HIV strains. These antibodies all exhibit an unusually high level of somatic mutation, presumably owing to extensive affinity maturation over the course of continuous exposure to an evolving antigen. Although substantial effort has focused on the design of immunogens capable of eliciting antibodies de novo that would target similar epitopes, it remains uncertain whether a conventional vaccine will be able to elicit analogues of the existing broadly neutralizing antibodies. As an alternative to immunization, vector-mediated gene transfer could be used to engineer secretion of the existing broadly neutralizing antibodies into the circulation. Here we describe a practical implementation of this approach, which we call vectored immunoprophylaxis (VIP), which in mice induces lifelong expression of these monoclonal antibodies at high concentrations from a single intramuscular injection. This is achieved using a specialized adeno-associated virus vector optimized for the production of full-length antibody from muscle tissue. We show that humanized mice receiving VIP appear to be fully protected from HIV infection, even when challenged intravenously with very high doses of replication-competent virus. Our results suggest that successful translation of this approach to humans may produce effective prophylaxis against HIV.
Bone mineral density in the reproductive-age woman

Multiple factors affect the attainment and preservation of bone mass throughout the reproductive years of a woman’s life, although the immediate effects of these factors may not be apparent in younger women. Exercise, contraceptives, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, hormonal breast cancer treatments, pregnancy, and lactation may all affect pre- and postmenopausal bone mineral density. Sedentary adolescent females should be counseled about appropriate exercise and its lifelong importance in bone health. Athletes should be carefully screened for components of the female athlete triad. When prescribing contraception, factors such as formulation, patient age, and menstrual history should be taken into consideration, as these factors can affect bone density. Clinical use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists should remain limited because of significant bone loss associated with their use. Because premenopausal tamoxifen use and anomatase inhibitors affect fracture risk, patients should be carefully selected prior to the use of these drugs. Although pregnancy and lactation induce metabolic changes that may seem deleterious to bone, lasting effects are not generally apparent. This article presents a review of the factors currently implicated in the maintenance of bone health in premenopausal women.
Taste reactivity in rats selectively bred for high vs. low saccharin consumption

Rats selectively bred for high (HiS) vs. low (LoS) saccharin consumption were compared on taste reactivity responses to 0.1% saccharin before and after continuous access to 0.1% saccharin. The rats were also tested with other saccharin concentrations (0.01-0.3%) before and after the consumption test. Finally, all rats were tested for reactivity to 0.1 M sucrose, 0.0001 M quinine hydrochloride, and a sucrose + quinine mixture. HiS rats ingested more saccharin than did LoS rats, but the groups did not differ in total ingestive or total aversive reactivity on any of the taste tests. When aversive reactivity was analyzed further to distinguish passive drip from other, more active responses, HiS rats made more active responses than LoS rats; the latter showed a consistent tendency to passive drip more than HiS rats. Overall, aversive responding decreased and ingestive responding increased as saccharin concentration rose and from the first to the second concentration series. Because the brain stem-mediated hedonic evaluation of tastes by HiS and LoS rats appears to be similar, the difference in saccharin consumption must be mediated by psychological processes whose neural substrates lie above the brain stem.
Comparative Effects of Metabolic Acidemia and Hypoxemia on Cardiac Output and Regional Blood Flows in Unanesthetized Newborn Lambs

Comparative Effects of Metabolic Acidemia and Hypoxemia on Cardiac Output and Regional Blood Flows in Unanesthetized Newborn Lambs
Interface descriptions for enterprise architecture

This paper describes our experiences in implementing a repository-based system that records and manages architectural information for an organization-wide set of enterprise information systems. The system is called Interface Descriptions for Enterprise Architecture (IDEA). The IDEA system business case and system creation are discussed, and the use of the system is exemplified by applying it to a set of information systems within a large corporation. We show how the existence of a managed enterprise architecture description enables an important set of analyses: risk analyses, architecture analyses, and change management analyses. Finally, we discuss how the IDEA system has the potential to catalyze even more profound change by changing how the various systems' stakeholders interact.
Lung Cancer Patients and Their Spouses: Psychological and Relationship Functioning Within 1 Month of Treatment Initiation

Background Lung cancer morbidity and mortality may increase the risk for distress in couples facing this malignancy.
Economic and Health Consequences of Undernutrition

An adequate variety of food necessary to provide a proper nutritional balance has always been a topic of prime concern for social economists. Moral and political concern caused the initiation of a series of studies focusing on the magnitude and causes of undernutrition. This article addresses concerns about some economic and health consequences of undernutrition and discusses some adverse health effects that may be associated with improper food balances. Findings suggest that a high percentage of undernutrition in the USA is concentrated in areas where social and economic deprivation is most prevalent, and shows that a complex of factors in the culture of poverty appear to be linked to undernutrition and non‐organic retardation. Two farm work crews were tested over a year with the objective of gaining more information about their dietary habit and nutritional status. Dietary deficiencies expressed as Bitot Spots (27.7 per cent) Visible Caries or ulceration (21.6 per cent) were found consistently among wor...
Pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma presenting as fulminant respiratory failure

A 32-year-old black man, a homosexual patient with a history of lymphadenopathy, presented with diarrhea, weight loss, and a bilateral interstitial infiltrate. Within days after admission, the patient developed dyspnea with rapid progression to respiratory failure and a rapid increase of the infiltrate. An open-lung biopsy showed Kaposi's sarcoma. Treatment with chemotherapy reversed the respiratory failure. (Chest 1991; 100:858-60)
The determination of iodine in biological and environmental standard reference materials

Iodine is an element with excellent intrinsic sensitivity when determined by thermal neutron activation. However, in most real samples, the preponderance of chlorine and bromine, relative to iodine, makes the direct determination of iodine virtually impossible. Over the past 20 years, there probably have been as many publications on the separation of iodine as there have been for any other radionuclide. Upon review, however, the methods are essentially the same. After irradiation, the samples are subjected to a rapid destructive process to free the iodine from the matrix and then the iodine is separated from the other halides either by liquid-liquid extraction or by liquid ion exchange. Both of these procedures are, however, rather complex and do not effect a complete separation of the halides in one pass. In the work presented here, a simple procedure is described for the quantitative separation of iodine from chlorine. The procedure utilizes a gas phase separation on hydrated manganese dioxide with iodine collected on silvered quartz wool. The described procedure has been used for the determination of iodine in numerous new and old SRM's at the NBS.
Reproducing the September 2013 Record-Breaking Rainfall over the Colorado Front Range with High-Resolution WRF Forecasts

AbstractFour convection-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) forecasts were produced in an attempt to replicate the record-breaking rainfall across the Colorado Front Range between 1200 UTC 11 September and 1200 UTC 13 September 2013. A nested WRF domain with 4- and 1-km horizontal grid spacings was employed, and sensitivity to initial conditions (ICs) and microphysics (MP) parameterizations was examined. Rainfall forecasts were compared to gridded observations produced by National Weather Service River Forecast Centers and gauge measurements from the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS). All 1-km forecasts produced 48-h rainfall exceeding 250 mm over portions of the Colorado Front Range and were more consistent with observations than the 4-km forecasts. While localized sensitivities to both ICs and MP were noted, systematic differences were not attributable to the varied ICs or MP schemes. At times, the 1-km forecasts produced precipitation structures similar ...
ASSESSING THE PRODUCTS OF GOVERNMENT: WHAT GETS DISTRIBUTED?*

The literature on the provision and distribution of urban public services has recently stressed the study of impacts rather than outputs. Impacts are conventionally conceived as the final stage of an orderly production process. Benefits are produced only after impacts are achieved. This paper argues, to the contrary, that costs and benefits stem from each stage of the public service production process. Consequently, a focus on the impact stage alone can be grossly misleading.
The three dimensions of government intervention in industrial innovation: Regulation in perspective

Government intervention in stimulating technological change and innovation in the private sector has become more involved and more intense during the past two decades (Baer, Johnson and Merrow, 1976, p. iii). The term “government regulation” can be used in a broad or narrow sense. The broader sense involves any government intervention in the affairs of private industry. However, the term “government regulation” is being used more frequently in its narrower sense to connotate the effects of government intervention in terms of product characteristic and market modification actions. These two actions are very important dimensions of government regulation. However, a third dimension, technology creation actions, also should be considered. Abernathy and Chakravarthy (1879, p. 4) identified and labeled these three variables and consolidated them into two dimensions for their government intervention framework model. Product characteristic and market modification actions were characterized as forms of regulatory intervention, while technology creation actions were characterized as an important form of federal research and development (R&D) intervention. I propose that these three variables are separate dimensions of government regulation which can be summated to describe the net effects of government intervention in industrial innovation. Using a conceptual perspective, I modified and enlarged the Abernathy and Chakravarthy framework to include a third dimensional view of government regulation which will suggest useful guidelines in shaping Federal intervention policy for the purpose of stimulating industrial innovation.
Pressure dependence of phase transitions in the quasi-one-dimensional metal-insulator transition system β − Na 1 / 3 V 2 O 5

The pressure dependence of phase transitions in the quasi-one-dimensional vanadium oxide $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Na}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ has been studied by magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity measurements. The pressure dependence of the various transition temperatures is quite different. The transition at $T=240 \mathrm{K},$ previously reported and attributed to ordering on Na sites, and a second transition at $T\ensuremath{\approx}222 \mathrm{K},$ reported here and attributed to a further increase of order on Na sites, are almost independent of pressure. On the other hand, the metal-insulator (MI) transition at ${T}_{\mathrm{MI}}=130 \mathrm{K}$ shifts to lower temperatures, while the magnetic transition at ${T}_{N}=24 \mathrm{K}$ shifts to higher temperatures with increasing pressure. We discuss the different pressure dependencies of ${T}_{\mathrm{MI}}$ and ${T}_{N}$ in terms of increasing interchain coupling and the MI transition to be of Peierls type.
Polarity in international systems: A conceptual note

The concept of polarity has been subject to imprecise and often diverse use. This note explores problems associated with the varied use of the term and proposes an alternative approach to classifying international systems which treats horizontal and vertical dimensions of power as distinct structural variables. In this approach, the present system is distinguished from the classical balance of power system containing pluralized patterns of conflict on the one hand and from the Cold War system with a marked concentration of power on the other. In the contemporary system polarized patterns of conflict coexist with processes of power diffusion. To the extent polarizations persist in a more diffuse power setting, the decentralized power balancing system through which stability was sought in multipower systems cannot function‐nor are the polarized conflicts likely to be controlled as a result of the two‐power effort at balancing power which occurred during the post‐war period. The factors affecting the stabili...
Results of the NASA/General Electric Experimental Clean Combustor Program

The NASA/General Electric Experimental Clean Combustor Program is a multi-year, major contract effort. Primary program objectives are the generation of technology for development of advanced commercial CTOL engines with lower exhaust emissions than current aircraft and, demonstrations of this technology in a full-scale CF6-50C engine in 1976. This paper describes pollution and performance goals, Phase I and II test results and Phase III hardware, pollution sampling techniques and test plans. Pollution results are presented in emission index and Environmental Protection Agency 1979 Standard Parameters (EPAP). Best results were obtained with a double annular combustor concept. This concept, which incorporates multistage burning, produced EPAP values extrapolated to CF6-50C engine conditions for CO, HC, and NOx of 3.3, 0.3 and 4.5, respectively. These represent respective CO, HC and NOx percentage reductions of 69, 93 and 42%, compared to current CF6-50 engine values. The combustor also met development engine performance requirements.
The origin and significance of the moon's surface

Abstract Some sixty years ago, G.K. Gilbert wrote a remarkable paper on the structure and origin of the Moon's surface, and subsequent students of the subject with various scientific backgrounds have come to similar conclusions, often without knowing of the previous work. Gilbert's ideas and those of other investigators are reviewed and some new points are added. It is contended that the Moon was formed at predominantly low temperatures, that the face of the Moon was fashioned mostly at the terminal stage of its formation and during a period of 105 years or less, that it was always at a distance substantially greater than the Roche limit, and that the craters, mountains, and maria are mostly the result of collisions of satellites of the Earth-Moon system with its surface.
An in vitro and in vivo study of single palatal processes

Single palatal processes were grown in organ culture to test whether epithelial contact was a prerequisite for the cytological alterations observed during midline epithelial disruption. Observations were made with the light and electron microscopes. Palatal processes from 14 day C57BL mice were cultured on Millipore filters and fixed in paraformaldehyde and osmium tetroxide. Fine structure studies of 24 hour cultures revealed a thick basal lamina beneath an intact epithelium. Epithelial cells were absent along the medial edge of the palatal process in 48 hour cultures. Mesenchymal cells, not covered by a basal lamina, ultimately occupied the original position of the epithelial cells. Single palatal processes taken from spontaneous cleft A/Jax fetuses showed epithelial cell death along the medial edge similar to that in vitro, although an epithelial-free surface was not observed. We interpreted these observations to indicate that epithelial cell disruption was an inherent process of medial palatal epithelium. This disruption was exaggerated during organ culture by the mesenchymal cells spreading on the filter membrane.
Deterministic Modeling of Honed Cylinder Liner Friction

An experimental apparatus and an analytical model have been developed to investigate and determine the lubrication condition and frictional losses at the interface between a piston ring and a honed cylinder liner (PRCL). The experimental apparatus was used to measure the friction at the PRCL interface under various conditions. The analytical model developed to corroborate with experimental results includes the effects of boundary and mixed lubrication conditions using a fully deterministic approach. The procedure for analyzing the honed profile and generating a numerical equivalent for use in the mixed lubrication model is discussed. A comparison of measured and generated surfaces indicates that the model is capable of reproducing a honed cylinder liner surface profile with good accuracy. A comparison of experimental and analytical friction results shows good agreement. The model is used to analyze the effects of a cross-hatch angle on frictional behavior at the piston ring/cylinder liner contact.
Progress measures and stack assertions for fair termination

Floyd’s method based on well-orderings is the standard approach to proving termination of programs. Much attention has been devoted to generalizing this method to termination of programs that are subjected to fairness constraints. Earlier methods for fair termination tend to be somewhat indirect, relying on program transformations, which reduce the original problem to several termination problems. In this paper we introduce the new concept of stack assertions, which directly—without transformations— quantify progress towards fair termination. Moreover, we show that by one simple program transformation of adding a history variable, usual assert ional logic, without jixed-point operators, is sufficiently expressive to form a sound and relatively complete method when used with stack assertions. This result is obtained as part of a substantial simplification of earlier completeness proofs.
The sea urchin histone gene complement

The only eukaryotic mRNAs that are not polyadenylated are the replication-dependent histone mRNAs in metazoans. The sea urchin genome contains two sets of histone genes that encode non-polyadenylated mRNAs. One of these sets is a tandemly repeated gene cluster with a 5.6-kb repeat unit containing one copy of each of the five α-histone genes and is present as a single large cluster which spans over 1 Mb. There is a second set of genes, consisting of 39 genes, containing two histone H1 genes, 34 genes encoding core histone proteins (H2a, H2b, H3 and H4) and three genes expressed only in the testis. Unlike vertebrates where these genes are clustered, the sea urchin late histone genes, expressed in embryos, larvae and adults, are dispersed throughout the genome. There are also genes encoding polyadenylated histone mRNAs, which encode histone variants, including all variants found in other metazoans, as well as a unique set of five cleavage stage histone proteins expressed in oocytes. The cleavage stage histone H1 is the orthologue of an oocyte-specific histone H1 protein found in vertebrates.