cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tracheobronchial abnormalities in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Twelve preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia underwent bronchoscopy to determine if airway abnormalities were contributing to persistent pulmonary problems. Indications for bronchoscopy were persistent atelectasis, lobar hyperinflation, or both on chest radiograph (11 patients), unexplained respiratory distress (three patients), and aspiration of tissuelike material from a tracheostomy (one patient). Bronchoscopy revealed abnormalities of the trachea, bronchi, or both in all infants, including partial or near total airway occlusion by abnormal growth of tissue (10 patients); tracheomalacia, bronchomalacia, or both (three patients); and inspissated secretions (two patients). Seven infants died during initial hospitalization. Tracheobronchial abnormalities should be considered as a cause of persistent pulmonary problems in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Rational-emotive therapy in the treatment of erectile failure: An initial study

Sixteen males with erectile failure, married or living with their partners, were assigned to either 12 bi-weekly sessions (6 weeks) of Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) or a 6-week waiting-list control group. Active treatment administered by a graduate student in psychology with special training in RET resulted in patients making significantly more sexual intercourse attempts, reporting significantly reduced sexual anxiety, and having a significantly higher number of successful intercourse attempts than the waiting-list control group. While 6-9 month follow-up revealed that most treated patients had fallen back toward the pretest baseline (lower rates of successful intercourse), group means as a whole were still significantly higher than pretreatment intercourse success rates. The significance of these findings are discussed.
Matrix isolation studies with Fourier transform IR

The combination of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy with the matrix-isolation techniques has advantages compared with the use of more conventional grating spectroscopy. Furthermore, the recent commercial availability of Fourier transform spectrometers has made FT-IR a practical alternative. Some advantages of the FT-IR spectrometer over the grating spectrometer are the result of the computerized data system that is a necessary part of the FT-IR spectrometer; other advantages are a consequence of the difference in optical arrangements and these represent the inherent advantages of the FT-IR method. In most applications with the matrix-isolation technique, the use of FT-IR spectroscopy results in either an improved signal-to-noise ratio or a shorter time for data collection compared with grating infrared spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used in the laboratory to study several molecular species in low-temperature matrices. Some species have been produced by high-temperature vaporization from Knudsen cells and others by sputtering. By sputtering, Ar and Kr matrices have been prepared which contain U atoms, UO, UO/sub 2/, UO/sub 3/, PuO, PuO/sub 2/, UN, or UN/sub 2/, depending upon the composition of the gas used to sputter as well as the identity of the metallic cathode. Infrared spectra of matrices containing thesemore » compounds are presented and discussed. (JRD)« less
Light Source Position in the Perception of Object Shape

The apparent relief of monocularly viewed surfaces reversed when the order of light and shade was reversed relative to the position of a lamp observed the moment earlier. The pattern of shading was reversed either by illuminating from a direction opposite to that of the apparent direction of illumination or by inverting the illuminating image relative to the light source. The combination of both of these manipulations restores the original juxtaposition of light source and shading and reestablished accurate perception of relief. These results demonstrate that the perception of the relief of physical surfaces depends upon the remembered position of an apparent light source.
Insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and liver of neonatal pigs during endotoxemia.

Sepsis has been associated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) overproduction, insulin resistance, and a profound suppression of muscle protein synthesis. However, lesser suppression of muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs occurs in response to endotoxin (LPS) when glucose and amino acids are provided. We hypothesize that the LPS-induced TNF-α and NO overproduction down-regulates insulin signaling pathway activation in neonatal pigs in the presence of fed levels of insulin, glucose, and amino acids. In skeletal muscle, inducible NOS activity was increased in response to LPS infusion, but phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protein kinase B, the association of IRS-1 with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), and constitutive NOS activity were not altered. In liver, activation of the insulin receptor, IRS-1, and PI 3-kinase were not affected by LPS, but p42 MAPK phosphorylation was increased. The absence of a down-regulation in the insulin signaling cascade in muscle despite the LPS-induced increase in TNF-α and muscle iNOS, may contribute to the near-maintenance of muscle protein synthesis rates in the presence of glucose and amino acids in LPS-infused neonatal pigs.
Walt Whitman: A Current Bibliography, Winter 2012

This Bibliography is brought to you for free and open access by Iowa Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walt Whitman Quarterly Review by an authorized administrator of Iowa Research Online. For more information, please contact lib-ir@uiowa.edu. Recommended Citation Folsom, Ed. "Walt Whitman: A Current Bibliography, Winter 2012." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 29 (2012), 114-125.
Microwave Finish Drying of Diced Apples in a Spouted Bed

The combination of a spouted bed with microwave heating to improve heating uniformity was evaluated. Experiments were performed on a laboratory system in which evaporated diced apples of about 24% moisture were dried to about 5% at 70°C air temperature using four levels of microwave power density (0 to 6.1 W/g). With the combination method, temperature uniformity in diced apples was greatly improved as compared to that with a stationary bed during microwave drying. Products had less discoloration and higher rehydration rates as compared to conventional hot air drying or spouted bed (SB) drying. Drying time could be reduced by >80% compared with SB drying without microwave heating.
Phospholipase C and melittin enhancement of glucose-induced electrical activity.

The influence of exogenous phospholipase C and melittin on electrical activity in islet B cells was determined to assess the extent to which polyphosphatidylinositol turnover serves to generate components that influence the electrical events in the plasma membrane. Phospholipase C hydrolyzes polyphosphatidylinositol to diacylglycerol and polyphosphoinositol, whereas melittin increases the susceptibility of phospholipids to phospholipases and increases the permeability of the membrane to ions. Application of both 20 mU/ml phospholipase C or 0.5 mg/ml melittin to 11.1 mm glucose elicited a timedependent enhancement of glucose-induced electrical activity that stabilized after 10 min. Phospholipase C increased both the active phase fraction and the burst frequency, whereas melittin only increased the burst frequency. These results indicate that both compounds, which disrupt the phoSpholipid environment of the plasma membrane, play a role in modulating the oscillatory pattern of electrical activity in the B ce...
Pine somatic embryogenesis: analyses of seed tissue and medium to improve protocol development

The shift from vegetative to embryogenic growth requires tissue to enter a radically different program of development and can be studied in vitro through the development of somatic embryos. From an applied perspective somatic embryogenesis (SE) is expected to play an important role in increasing productivity, sustainability, and uniformity of future forests. For commercial use, SE technology must work with a variety of genetically diverse trees. Since the first reports of SE in Picea abies and Larix decidua in 1985, many different coniferous species have shown the ability to produce embryogenic tissue. However, initiation frequency is often low, many desired seed sources are recalcitrant, and culture survival is often poor, raising costs of somatic seedlings produced from successful genotypes. A number of tools are now available to improve embryogenic tissue initiation and somatic embryo development in vitro that have resulted from analytical studies of seed tissues, the seed environment and gene expression in megagametophyte, zygotic embryos and somatic embryos. Benefits have occurred from medium supplementation with hormones, plant growth regulators, hormone inhibitors and polyamines. Somatic embryo growth has been enhanced with medium supplementation of nutritional components including specific sugar types, vitamins, organic acids, and redox potential modifiers. Control of environmental factors including, water potential, pH, adsorption of medium components by activated carbon and liquid versus gelled medium have also led to SE protocol improvements. The use of analytical studies to duplicate the seed environment in vitro is improving protocol development resulting in increased initiation, improved yields and higher-quality somatic embryos.
Cancer in a mission hospital in South Africa. With emphasis on cancer of the cervix uteri, liver and urinary bladder.

The Ethel Lucas Memorial Hospital serves three African tribes, Shangaans, Swazis and Sothos, in the Lowveld of the North-Eastern Transvaal of the Republic of South Africa. Two hundred and eleven patients with cancer have been seen there during a 9-year period. These cases are presented as a relative frequency study in comparison with other selected studies in Southern, Eastern and Western Africa. By these comparisons there is less cancer of the tongue, stomach, nose and sinuses and more cancer of the esophagus, liver, pancreas, cervix uteri and urinary bladder at Acornhoek than elsewhere with certain exceptions. No Burkitt's tumors have been recognized. Three cancers were frequent enough to warrant comparison of their relative frequencies in the three African tribes attending the hospital and to warrant speculation of possible causes. Cancer of the urinary bladder was the only cancer which occurred with a significantly increased frequency in Shangaans and Swazis when compared with its occurrence in Sothos. The evidence for schistosomiasis as a causative agent in cancer of the bladder is inconclusive.
Cirrus outflow dynamics

In the present analyses of cirrus clouds' deep-convection outflow plumes as dynamically and thermodynamically active systems, the initial outflow is considered as an analog to wake collapse: after a neutrally-buoyant flow intrusion is flattened and stretched by its stratified environment, the initially isotropic turbulence within it is converted to other forms. Dugan et al.'s (1976) analytic and numerical calculations are used to predict the early spread of the outflow. Strong radiative heat flux curvature then leads to maintenance or regeneration of buoyant turbulence in the collapsed outflow plume. The rise of narrow plumes is sufficiently rapid that their mean temperature does not significantly differ from that of their environment.
Common mechanisms for the regulation of B cell differentiation and transformation by the transcriptional repressor protein BCL-6

The BCL-6 transcriptional repressor protein is a critical regulator of normal B cell differentiation and BCL-6 has recently been shown to act as an oncogene in several mouse model systems. The molecular pathways by which BCL-6 regulates B cell differentiation and also promotes the transformation of primary B cells are undoubtedly related; however, these pathways are poorly understood. The commonly accepted model for BCL-6 function in B cells is that BCL-6 inhibits the terminal differentiation of activated B cells into plasma cells and that deregulation of BCL-6 expression leads to an inhibition of terminal differentiation and continued proliferation. BCL-6 induces a germinal-center phenotype in primary B cells by unknown mechanisms, and can reverse the terminal differentiation of plasma cell tumor lines. BCL-6 can promote the immortalization of primary B cells and can augment telomerase activity. The role of the vast majority of BCL-6 target genes and interacting proteins in normal B cell differentiation and B cell transformation is essentially unresolved and is an important area for future investigation.
Higher-order transverse modes of ultrashort isodiffracting pulses

We present a family of space-time nonseparable analytic solutions describing spatiotemporal dynamics of isodiffracting single-cycle and few-cycle pulses with Hermite\char21{}Gaussian and Laguerre\char21{}Gaussian transverse profiles. These solutions are space-time localized wave packets propagating in free space. The transverse field profile acts as a spatially dependent filter, modifying the pulse spectrum and removing certain frequencies. The consequences of those effects in the time domain are the distortions of pulse envelope and temporal wave form and the creation of ``dark pulses'' at certain transverse positions. In addition, due to the space-time coupling, the instantaneous transverse field pattern changes inside the pulse, as well as with propagation distance. These higher-order mode solutions can be used to analyze reflected or scattered terahertz pulses, and to understand the wave-form distortions of terahertz signals in applications. They are also capable of modeling pulsed fields of phase locking of both transverse and longitudinal modes in total mode-locked lasers.
Seasonal study of speciation of mercury(II) and monomethylmercury in Spartina alterniflora from the Great Bay Estuary, NH

This paper describes the first detailed determination of mercury(II) [Hg(II)] and monomethylmercury cation (MeHg+) concentrations in the salt water cord grass, Spartina alterniflora. The rapid and simple method includes digestion by the new reagent tetrabutylammonium bromide/potassium hydroxide, derivatization by sodium borohydride, and detection by hydride generation–cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. We speciated mercury in S. alterniflora samples from Chapman's Marsh of the Great Bay Estuary (NH) collected from May to October of the 1997 growing season. The seasonal ranges of concentrations in S. alterniflora are: Hg(II), 3.11–31.4 ng Hg/g dry wt.; and MeHg+, 0.45–4.12 ng Hg/g dry wt. The percent MeHg+ (of total mercury) ranged from 6.23% to 48.1%. The non-parametric Kendall test showed that Hg(II) concentration decreased throughout the growing season, but found no trend in MeHg+ concentrations. This test also demonstrated that percent MeHg+ increased from the first sample in May to late July, then decreased to the last sample in October.
Descending pathways to the spinal cord, III: Sites of origin of the corticospinal tract.

The somata of corticospinal neurons were labeled with horseradish peroxidase that had been applied to a hemisection of the spinal cord at the C1-C2 junction in 22 species of mammals. After tetramethylbenzidine processing, with and without counterstaining with cresyl violet or neutral red, the labeled cells in systematic sets of sections throughout the cerebral cortex were plotted and counted. Several morphological features of the corticospinal cells were examined including their cell type, number, density, concentration, laminar distribution, and their distribution across the cortical surface. The results show that the labeled corticospinal neurons were invariably layer V pyramidal cells. However, in many mammals they were found to be stacked one above the other within layer V, sometimes many neurons deep. Despite the concentration of corticospinal neurons within layer V, many unlabeled neurons were also present within the layer throughout the extent of the labeled region. The results also indicate that at least two spatially distinct regions of neocortex originate corticospinal fibers in each of the animals in the sample. In addition to these two regions, a third segregated region is present in the cortex of primates and an apparently different third region is present in the cortex of Glires ((Rodentia and Lagomorpha)). The third region of corticospinal cortex in primates is located on the lateral surface of the cortex in prosimians and New World monkeys and is buried in the caudal bank of the inferior arcuate sulcus in Old World monkeys. The results also show a predominantly contralateral corticospinal tract in all but 4 of the 22 mammals in the sample. Although these 4 mammals are each members of the order Insectivora, a less modified member of the same order possessed the predominantly contralateral projection of most mammals, hence denying the notion that a predominantly ipsilateral tract is a characteristic of Insectivora.
The Emerging World of Synthetic Genetics

For over 20 years, laboratories around the world have been applying the principles of Darwinian evolution to isolate DNA and RNA molecules with specific ligand-binding or catalytic activities. This area of synthetic biology, commonly referred to as in vitro genetics, is made possible by the availability of natural polymerases that can replicate genetic information in the laboratory. Moving beyond natural nucleic acids requires organic chemistry to synthesize unnatural analogues and polymerase engineering to create enzymes that recognize artificial substrates. Progress in both of these areas has led to the emerging field of synthetic genetics, which explores the structural and functional properties of synthetic genetic polymers by in vitro evolution. This review examines recent advances in the Darwinian evolution of artificial genetic polymers and their potential downstream applications in exobiology, molecular medicine, and synthetic biology.
Exploring carbon flow through the root channel in a temperate forest soil food web

Soil food webs play an important role in forest ecosystem functions that may be sensitive to global environmental change. We traced a pulse of 13C from the root systems of young sugar maple stands through the soil food web to explore energy flow from roots to soil heterotrophs. Invasive earthworms (Lumbricidae) were the most highly-enriched taxa sampled, indicating that they were consuming significant quantities of live fine roots and mycorrhizae and assimilating significant amounts of root-derived C. Another invasive invertebrate, a weevil (Barypeithes pellucidus) also appeared to consume significant amounts of roots or root-derived C. High isotope enrichment in ants (Formicidae) may reflect their feeding on phloem-sucking coccids in soil. All the predators collected from the litter layer also exhibited high isotope enrichment, including the salamander Plethodon cinereus. Moreover, in the absence of invasive earthworms all the taxa of animals collected from surface soil were similarly highly-enriched in root-derived isotopes. The apparent importance of the root channel in supplying energy to the soil food web suggests that forest ecosystem functions could be highly sensitive to global changes that alter proportional tree C allocation belowground.
Pionic and muonic X rays in liquid helium.

Pionic and muonic K-series X-rays studied by liquid He scintillation counter, obtaining separation peaks
A durable repair of a broken silastic catheter using a topical skin adhesive

A break in the external portion of a tunneled silastic catheter due to wear is a frequent event. We describe an easy yet durable fix for catheters with a break on the external portion of the catheter. The repair is achieved by cutting the catheter proximal to the breakage point and attaching with a topical skin adhesive, a readily available blunt metal or plastic cannula.
Error in measurements of condensation‐nuclei

One may be interested in measurements of the concentration of the nuclei of condensation in the atmosphere for one or more of the following reasons: (a) Because of the fundamental role of these nuclei in the formation of fag and clouds; (b) because of their relation to the pollution and the visibility of the atmosphere; (c) because of certain associations of these nuclei with other meteorological phenomena, such as type of air-mass; and (d) because of the marked influence they exert in the phenomena of atmospheric electricity. In any case, one will need, sooner or later, an estimate of the reliability of nuclei-counts.
Spectroscopic investigation of the hydrolysis of γ-glycidoxypropylsilane bound to silica surfaces

Abstract Chemically modified silica gels were prepared under various conditions with γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane in order to investigate the effect of various methods of hydrolyzing the terminal epoxide group. The silylated substrates were then examined by 13 C solid-state NMR with cross-polarization and magic angle spinning. NMR results were correlated with infrared results obtained by diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. By reaction with a primary alkyl amine the percentage of unopened epoxide may be determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Infrared data indicate that as little as 10% epoxide remaining after attempted hydrolysis can influence chromatographic capacity factors.
Age Criteria in Mink, Mustela vison

The desirability of a reliable means of determining the age composition of the harvest of game animals has been indicated by Leopold (1936), and emphasized for furbearers by Yeager (1950), and by Elder (1951). This study was undertaken to investigate certain characters available from the carcasses of mink (Mustela vison, Schreber), in order to determine their value as criteria for aging. A series of 370 carcasses of ranch mink of known age was collected and studied. This series consisted of 100 young males, 70 adult males, 100 young females, and 100 adult females. The following characters were investigated; skinned carcass weight, total length, baculum weight and morphology, femur length and morphology, twenty skull measurements characterizing various aspects of cranial development, and the general morphology of the skull. A sample of 280 carcasses of wild mink was collected from trappers throughout the western portion of Montana during the 1951 trapping season. Where practical, the characters described above were studied on these animals and an attempt made to compare them with those from the ranch animals. The wild mink were all collected within the reported distributional area of Mustela vison energuemenos (Hollister, 1913). The sample consisted of 164 or 58.5 per cent males, and 116 or 41.5 per cent females. These figures indicate a significant divergence from the hypothetical 50-50 sex ratio.
Reproductive cycles in two populations of the Pacific sand dollar Dendraster excentricus

Populations of the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz) occur in different habitats along the west coast of the USA. Two subtidal populations from the San Diego, California, area, one from an exposed coastal location and a second from a protected tidal channel, were compared for several aspects of their population and reproductive biology. Both populations demonstrated a similar schedule of reproductive activity with peak gonad volumes occurring in the early spring. However, population reproductive readiness and individual reproductive effort and size varied considerably between the populations; individuals in the protected tidal channel were larger and produced proportionately larger gonads with ripe gametes for a longer period, than those on the exposed coast. The differences between the populations are explained by the greater demands of the rigorous exposed habitat for maintenance at the cost of reproductive effort and growth.
Duration-dependent effects of clinically relevant oral alendronate doses on cortical bone toughness in beagle dogs.

Abstract Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been shown to significantly reduce bone toughness in vertebrae within one year when given at clinical doses to dogs. Although BPs also reduce toughness in the cortical bone when given at high doses, their effect on cortical bone material properties when given at clinical doses is less clear. In part, this may be due to the use of small sample sizes that were powered to demonstrate differences in bone mineral density rather than the bone's material properties. Our lab has conducted several studies in which dogs were treated with alendronate at a clinically relevant dose. The goal of this study was to examine these published and unpublished data collectively to determine whether there is a significant time-dependent effect of alendronate on toughness of the cortical bone. This analysis seemed particularly relevant given the recent occurrence of atypical femoral fractures in humans. Differences in the toughness of ribs taken from dogs derived from five separate experiments were measured. The dogs were orally administered saline (CON, 1 ml/kg/day) or alendronate (ALN) at a clinical dose (0.2 mg/kg/day). Treatment duration ranged from 3 months to 3 years. Groups were compared using ANOVA, and time trends analyzed with linear regression analysis. Linear regressions of the percent difference in toughness between CON and ALN at each time point revealed a significant reduction in toughness with longer exposure to ALN. The downward trend was primarily driven by a downward trend in post-yield toughness, whereas toughness in the pre-yield region was not changed relative to CON. These data suggest that a longer duration of treatment with clinical doses of ALN results in deterioration of cortical bone toughness in a time-dependent manner. As the duration of treatment is lengthened, the cortical bone exhibits increasingly brittle behavior. This may be important in assessing the role that long-term BP treatments play in the risk of atypical fractures of the femoral cortical bone in humans.
Probabilistic Models Towards Optimal Speculation of DFA Applications

Applications based on Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) are important for many tasks, including lexing in web browsers, routing in networks, decoding in cryptography and so on. The efficiency of these applications are often critical, but parallelizing them is difficult due to strong dependences among states. Recent years have seen some employment of speculative execution to address that problem. Even though some promising results have been shown, existing designs are all static, lack of the capability to adapt to specific DFA applications and inputs to maximize the speculation benefits. In this work, we initiate an exploration to the inherent relations between the design of speculation schemes and the properties of DFA and inputs. After revealing some theoretical findings in the relations, we develop a model-based approach to maximizing the performance of speculatively executed DFA-based applications. Experiments demonstrate that the developed techniques can accelerate speculative executions by a factor of integers compared to the state-of-the-art techniques.
Molecular charmonium and C-exotic mesons?

Recently De R\'ujula et al. and Okun and Voloshin suggested that several peaks in ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+}$ annihilation cross section into hadrons are due to resonances between two charmed mesons in a relative $P$ wave. Such a picture raises at once the question whether $C$-exotic mesons formed also from two charmed mesons (or four-quark molecules) in a relative $P$ wave may not coexist at comparable mass. We examine briefly here the spectroscopy for $C$-exotic mesons with ${J}^{P}={0}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${I}^{G}={0}^{\ensuremath{-}}, {1}^{+}$, and ${J}^{P}={1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${I}^{G}={0}^{+}, {1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$.
Keratinocyte-derived chemokine induces prostate epithelial hyperplasia and reactive stroma in a novel transgenic mouse model.

Background Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is upregulated in fibrotic and malignant diseases and is a key mediator of proliferative responses. Elevated IL-8 was recently correlated with benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelium and a myofibroblast reactive stroma. Thus, we sought to determine whether overexpressed IL-8 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), the functional murine homolog of IL-8, induce prostate epithelial hyperplasia and a reactive phenotype.
Relations between Monterey Formation deposition and middle Miocene global cooling: Naples Beach section, California

An oxygen and carbon isotopic stratigraphy has been established for the Miocene Monterey Formation (∼18 to 8 Ma) at Naples Beach, Santa Barbara County, California. Correlation to the deep-sea climatic record provides a test of the Monterey hypothesis, which suggests that organic-carbon-rich deposition in the Monterey Formation fostered middle Miocene global cooling through drawdown of atmospheric partial CO 2 . Oxygen isotopic correlation of the Naples Beach section to the deep-sea record suggests that increased organic-carbon-rich deposition coincided closely with deep-water cooling and major East Antarctic ice-sheet growth from 14.5 to 14.1 Ma and with a δ 13 C maximum in deep-sea records. These results support a corollary of the Monterey hypothesis, that episodic organic-carbon-rich deposition within the Monterey Formation contributed to deep-sea δ 13 C maxima and to synchronous global cooling.
Optical Imaging Fiber-Based Single Live Cell Arrays: A High-Density Cell Assay Platform

A high-density, ordered array containing thousands of microwells is fabricated on an optical imaging fiber. Each individually addressable microwell is used to accommodate a single living cell. A charged coupled device (CCD) detector is employed to monitor and spatially resolve the fluorescence signals obtained from each individual cell, allowing simultaneous monitoring of cellular responses of all the cells in the array using reporter genes (lacZ, EGFP, ECFP, DsRed) or fluorescent indicators. Yeast and bacteria cell arrays were fabricated and used to perform multiplexed cell assays with resolution at the single-cell level. Monitoring gene expression in single yeast cells carrying a two-hybrid system was used to detect in vivo protein-protein interactions. The single-cell array technology provides a new platform for monitoring the unique multiple responses of large populations of individual cells from different strains or cell lines. The rich data acquired by the cell array has the potential to be employed as a new tool for cell biology research as well as to improve cell-based high-throughput screening (HTS) applications, such as the validation of new disease-associated cellular targets and the early-stage evaluation of potential drug candidates.
Congenital Aneurysm of the Left Sinus of Valsalva: Report of a Patient with 19-Year Survival without Surgery

An unruptured aneurysm of the left sinus of Valsalva was diagnosed by angiography in a 16-year-old male subject 19 years ago. A recent repeated angiographic study documented no change in the aneurysm over the 19-year interval, and the patient has remained asymptomatic. We are aware of no other long-term follow-up reports of patients with this lesion who have not had surgical correction. This case emphasizes the controversy regarding the need for prophylactic surgical correction of an unruptured aneurysm.
Covariance of preference and performance on normal and novel hosts in a locally monophagous and locally polyphagous butterfly population.

Covariance between preference and performance was quantified for Papilio glaucus strains derived from a locally monophagous Florida population and a locally polyphagous Ohio population. I used two-choice assays to assess relative host preferences of mothers for plant species that represent reciprocal normal and novel hosts for each population (i.e., Liriodendron tulipifera and Magnolia virginiana) and a split-brood design to quantify relative performance of their progeny on each host. Covariance between preference and proxies of performance was detected independently within each population, which is a level of genetic structure at which such covariance has rarely been documented. These results support the hypothesis that preference-performance covariance can exist in populations that have no obvious internal host-associated structure. In the Ohio strain, all proxies of performance (larval duration, pupal mass, relative growth rate, and survival) were significantly correlated with relative preference for the normal host, L. tulipifera. In the Florida strain, however, only pupal mass was correlated with maternal preference, and this correlation was not in the direction expected. Progeny that attained the heaviest mass were derived from mothers that preferred L. tulipifera, the locally rare host. The nature of the preference-performance links was not in the manner predicted by conventional optimal oviposition theory, whereby host-associated tradeoffs have been considered an implicit element. Relative performance was congruent across hosts, regardless of whether mothers preferred L. tulipifera, M. virginiana, or neither host. After considering possible genetic and nongenetic explanations that could account for preference-performance covariance in P. glaucus, I conclude that this covariance has a genetic basis. Likely, multiple genetic control mechanisms (e.g., pleiotropy and co-adaptation) integrate at the level of different trait combinations and/or a particular trait combination to generate observed patterns.
Mining biological databases for candidate disease genes

The publicly-funded effort to sequence the complete nucleotide sequence of the human genome, the Human Genome Project (HGP), has currently produced more than 93% of the 3 billion nucleotides of the human genome into a preliminary `draft' format. In addition, several valuable sources of information have been developed as direct and indirect results of the HGP. These include the sequencing of model organisms (rat, mouse, fly, and others), gene discovery projects (ESTs and full-length), and new technologies such as expression analysis and resources (micro-arrays or gene chips). These resources are invaluable for the researchers identifying the functional genes of the genome that transcribe and translate into the transcriptome and proteome, both of which potentially contain orders of magnitude more complexity than the genome itself. Preliminary analyses of this data identified approximately 30,000 - 40,000 human `genes.' However, the bulk of the effort still remains -- to identify the functional and structural elements contained within the transcriptome and proteome, and to associate function in the transcriptome and proteome to genes. A fortuitous consequence of the HGP is the existence of hundreds of databases containing biological information that may contain relevant data pertaining to the identification of disease-causing genes. The task of mining these databases for information on candidate genes is a commercial application of enormous potential. We are developing a system to acquire and mine data from specific databases to aid our efforts to identify disease genes. A high speed cluster of Linux of workstations is used to analyze sequence and perform distributed sequence alignments as part of our data mining and processing. This system has been used to mine GeneMap99 sequences within specific genomic intervals to identify potential candidate disease genes associated with Bardet-Biedle Syndrome (BBS).
Real-time screen-aided multiple-image optical holographic matched-filter correlator

The basic principle and experimental results of applying a specific contact screen for performing multiplex holographic filtering in a real-time coherent optical correlator are presented. The specific design and fabrication of a 1- and 2-D gray density contact screen as well as a 2-D dichromated gelatin phase screen are described. The 2-D density-type screen can yield nearly an equal intensity 5 × 5 array of spectrum islands at the Fourier plane of a Fourier transform lens in a coherent optical image processor. The main drawback of the density-type screen is the lack of required light efficiency at the Fourier plane because of the blocking of light by the silver particles in the screen. Dichromated gelatin phase screens can be made to alleviate this problem, but it is very difficult to fabricate a phase screen exactly according to our design due to inherent experimental limitations. Nevertheless a functional phase screen has been made for the desired correlation functions. Experimental results have demonstrated that the phase screen is reasonably efficient for the multiplex holographic filtering in the real-time correlator.
Effect of Dietary Protein Source on Zinc Absorption and Excretion Along the Alimentary Tracts of Chicks

Abstract ZINC in soy protein diets is less available than in those containing animal protein (O’Dell and Savage, 1960). Apparently, a three-way interaction among calcium, zinc, and phytate ions forms a complex less available than is formed by any two of the ions alone (O’Dell et al., 1964). The deleterious effects of soy protein can be largely alleviated by autoclaving or addition of certain chelating agents including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (Kratzer et al., 1959; O’Dell et al., 1964). In the present report, the effects of dietary protein on zinc absorption throughout the intestinal tracts of growing chicks was investigated. Cerium-144, which is not absorbed by chickens (Mraz et al., 1964) was used as a marker (Chandler and Cragle, 1962). EXPERIMENTAL Day old Single Comb White Leghorn male chicks were fed a basal diet of the following percentage composition: isolated soybean protein,4 40; glucose monohydrate, 50.8; corn oil, 2.0; dicalcium phosphate, 3.3; …
Veterans Coming Home to the Community College: Linking Research to Practice

Community colleges must prepare for change as increasing numbers of students who are veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars use their post-9/11 GI Bill benefits to join the colleges' diverse student bodies. Based on the findings of a mixed methods case study, needs of veterans at the community college are framed and discussed within five major themes that emerged from the data: credit streamlining; streamlining of programs and services; faculty, advisor, and counselor training; difficulties encountered by veterans; and factors that constitute a veteran-friendly campus. Related recommendations are offered regarding programs and services to provide essential support for these students.
Simulation of curved surface reflectance in the Quick Image Display (QUID) model

The Quick Image Display (QUID) model accurately computes and displays radiance images at animation rates while the target undergoes unrestricted flight or motion. QUID uses a novel formulation for reflective/emissive terms which enables rapid and accurate target image rendering. The fundamental quantity which enters into the determination of reflected radiation is the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). QUID's BRDF formulation involves decomposition of the BRDF into a generalized sum of product terms. Each product term is factored into separable spectral and angular functions. The spectral terms can be pre- calculated for the user specified bandpass and for a set of target observer ranges. The only BRDF calculations which must be performed during the simulation involves the observer-target-source angular functions which change with target orientation. Reflected solar radiation can dominate the apparent target signature of aircraft in daytime scenes in the MWIR/SWIR spectral regions. To accurately simulate reflections from curved surfaces either a large number of small flat facets must be used or some type of pseudo curvature technique. Both of these approaches tend to significantly slow down scene rendering. The main thrust of this effort is to find rapid techniques for accurate specular glint rendering on curved surfaces.
Abstract C243: B7‐H4 protein expression in invasive ductal carcinoma and its association with tumor progression

High levels of B7‐H4 (DD‐O110) protein expression have been previously observed in malignant ductal epithelium of the breast but the mechanisms that mediate B7‐H4 up‐regulation in tumor progression have not yet been determined. An objective of our research has been to explore the differences in the levels of B7‐H4 expression that underlie the transition from benign ductal epithelium to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and to the earliest stages of invasive ductal carcinoma. B7‐H4 is a member of the B7 family of proteins which has been found to play a role in antigen‐specific immune response regulation, including the regulation of T cell activation. The potential role of B7‐H4 in tumor progression, or in shielding breast cancers from immune surveillance mechanisms, remains relatively unexplored. Previous immunohistochemical (IHC) studies have evaluated only a small subset of available B7‐H4 antibody epitopes. The aim of the current study is to determine if there is differential expression of specific B7‐H4 epitopes that are associated with benign versus proliferative and malignant breast disease. A panel of monoclonal antibodies to defined B7‐H4 epitopes (diaDexus, Inc.) was evaluated in normal breast tissues versus invasive ductal carcinoma, using indirect immunoperoxidase methods, in sections of formalin fixed tissues. The patterns of B7‐H4 localization of each antibody were compared with the patterns observed with the previously reported A57.1 antibody (Mugler et al., 2007). B7‐H4 IHC scores were determined based on the intensity of staining (0 to 3+), the proportion of positive cells, and the cellular pattern of distribution (apical membranous versus circumferential membranous plus cytoplasmic). Preliminary data suggest that certain B7‐H4 epitopes appear to have enhanced cancer selectivity, reflected by differential expression between normal ductal cells versus ductal carcinoma cells. Additionally, these studies confirm that there are differences in the subcellular distribution of B7‐H4 expression, with low level, apical membranous expression in benign ductal epithelium and high level circumferential membranous expression in most well to moderately‐differentiated ductal carcinomas. Furthermore, there appears to be a marked reduction in the levels of B7‐H4 expression in some poorly differentiated carcinomas, despite normal levels of expression in adjacent benign ductal epithelial cells. These results suggest that B7‐H4 overexpression may play a role in the progression from benign proliferative disease to low grade carcinomas. Further studies are indicated to refine the association of B7‐H4 with tumor histologic grade and stage, and to elucidate the potential role of this protein in shielding breast carcinomas from cell‐mediated immune surveillance. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C243.
AN AIC TYPE ESTIMATOR FOR THE NUMBER OF COSINUSOIDS

. An AIC type estimator for the number of cosinusoids is studied. The estimator is proved to be strongly consistent in the presence of colored noise.
New method to measure emitter resistance of heterojunction bipolar transistors

The null in third-order intermodulation as a function of emitter current in a bipolar transistor is exploited to find emitter Ohmic resistance. The measurement can be carried out using only low-cost equipment and a scalar receiver. Results for an heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) are compared with those found using a vector network analyzer and a sophisticated extraction algorithm. The method is extended to simultaneously determine thermal resistance, R/sub TH/, and to obtain a most precise estimate of emitter resistance.
Why students with an apparent aptitude for computer science don't choose to major in computer science

The statistics show that the number of Computer Science majors is dropping across the United States. Possible reasons include a reduced number of jobs in the field, an incorrect perception of what Computer Scientists do, and the students' disinterest due to a lack of familiarity with the subject. The reasons may be different for males and females. This paper reports on a study in which 836 high school calculus and pre-calculus students were surveyed to try to determine why students with an apparent aptitude for CS did not pursue a major in Computer Science. The results supported some of the hypotheses for declining enrollment, and rejected others. The top reasons for rejecting the major were the same for both genders, but the reasons for choosing the major differed.
Towards situated computing

Situated computing concerns the ability of computing devices to detect, interpret and respond to aspects of the user's local environment. In this paper, we use our recent prototyping experience to identify a number of challenging issues that must be resolved in building wearable computers that support situated applications. The paper is organized into three areas: Sensing the local environment, interpreting sensor data, and realizing the value of situated applications. We conclude that while it is feasible to develop interesting prototypes, there remain many difficulties to overcome before robust systems may be widely deployed.
Prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes: new data and modern perspectives confront challenges in the 21st century

The sudden death of a young athlete on the playing field remains the most devastating medical event in sports. The tragic impact of these events compels sports medicine professionals and sport governing bodies to develop and implement effective preventive strategies. In this issue, the British Journal of Sports Medicine and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) partner to present the most current information relevant to sudden cardiac death (SCD) in athletes. First in a series of quarterly BJSM-IOC issues devoted to injury prevention and health protection in athletes, this issue is dedicated to preventing the worst injury of all: sudden death. The objective of this issue is to highlight cardiovascular diseases in athletes through a compilation of commissioned reviews and original investigations authored by international experts in sports cardiology and sports medicine. The issue provides modern perspectives and recent data in the areas of epidemiology, diagnosis, screening and management. Prevention of SCD in athletes remains one of the most debated topics in sports medicine. What is the most appropriate strategy to screen athletes for underlying cardiovascular disease? Does the presence of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) at athletic events effectively treat young athletes who experience sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)? The complexities surrounding these questions are addressed in several reports presented in this issue. The screening debate is centred on the inclusion …
Correction to "How electrode size affects the electrical potential distribution in cardiac tissue"

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