cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Minimal and Maximal Just-Identified Assumptions in Nonparametric Selection Models

In this paper, we show minimal just identified restrictions for a class of selection models. We deepen our knowledge about selection on observables in three directions: First, we show the model proposed by Rosenbaum and Rubin is just-identified. Second, we show that although their assumptions are not minimal, the weak selection on observables-(WSO) hypothesis we introduce does, in fact, generate a set of minimal just-identified assumptions. Finally, we show the WSO hypothesis has an immediate and sensible economic interpretation. Specifically, we show that this hypothesis can be interpreted as bounds on the information available to the analyst. Basically, identification is achieved as long as the analyst's information set is rich enough so that he is able to predict migration decision, at the decision time. As a consequence, the identification conditions become weaker as the information which is assumed to be available to the analyst becomes larger. This approach certainly has a large tradition in econometrics (Zellner, Kmenta and Dreze (1966)). In the context of selection models, similar identification strategies have been followed by Goldberger (1972) and Heckman and Robb (1985, sec.5.4.3).
Efficient high power factor single-stage AC/DC converter

A near flat-top input current waveform and direct energy transferring AC/DC converter which features high efficiency and high power factor is described. In the proposed converter, energy transfers in hybrid mode which means that when the instant line voltage exceeds the preset value, energy is transferred directly to the output side from the input line; otherwise the energy storage capacitor powers the output load. The performance of the proposed concept was evaluated on a 200 W (48 V@4.17A) experimental prototype. It is shown that the efficiency is increased significantly over the case without the direct energy concept. Proof of the concept was verified theoretically and experimentally.
The mereology of structural universals

This paper explores the mereology of structural universals, using the structural richness of a non-classical mereology without unique fusions. The paper focuses on a problem posed by David Lewis, who using the example of methane, and assuming classical mereology, argues against any purely mereological theory of structural universals. The problem is that being a methane molecule would have to contain being a hydrogen atom four times over, but mereology does not have the concept of the same part occurring several times. This paper takes up the challenge by providing mereological analysis of three operations sufficient for a theory of structural universals: (1) Reflexive binding, i.e. identifying two of the places of a universal; (2) Existential binding, i.e. the language-independent correlate of an existential quantification; and (3) Conjunction.
PRIMUS: rapid reconstruction of pedigrees from genome-wide estimates of identity by descent.

Understanding and correctly utilizing relatedness among samples is essential for genetic analysis; however, managing sample records and pedigrees can often be error prone and incomplete. Data sets ascertained by random sampling often harbor cryptic relatedness that can be leveraged in genetic analyses for maximizing power. We have developed a method that uses genome-wide estimates of pairwise identity by descent to identify families and quickly reconstruct and score all possible pedigrees that fit the genetic data by using up to third-degree relatives, and we have included it in the software package PRIMUS (Pedigree Reconstruction and Identification of the Maximally Unrelated Set). Here, we validate its performance on simulated, clinical, and HapMap pedigrees. Among these samples, we demonstrate that PRIMUS can verify reported pedigree structures and identify cryptic relationships. Finally, we show that PRIMUS reconstructed pedigrees, all of which were previously unknown, for 203 families from a cohort collected in Starr County, TX (1,890 samples).
Combinitorial resist processing studies

A new processing tool, the Thermal Gradient Plate (TGP) is described. The TGP allows for a range of temperatures to be expressed on a wafer or other substrate in a controlled and reproducible manner. Materials coated on a substrate can be baked across a range of temperatures, allowing multiple experiments to be run in parallel. Combining orthogonal TGP bakes creates a matrix of temperature pairs on a single wafer, allowing two bake step processes to be studied in a single experimental run. Experimental results demonstrating a variety of resist studies are described, including resist CD temperature dependence, underlayer cure temperature determination, and two bake step interactions.
The threshold policy in the M/G/1 queue with server vacations

This article deals with the M/G/1 queue with server vacations in which the return of the server to service depends on the number of customers present in the system. The main goal is optimization, which is done under the average cost criterion in the multiple- and single-vacation models as well as for the “total cost for one busy cycle” criterion in the multiple-vacation case. Expressions that characterize the optimal number of customers, below which the server should not start a new service period, are exhibited for the various cases. It is found that under the average cost criterion, the expression may be universal in the sense that it may hold for a general class of problems including such that arise in production planning and inventory theory (for the particular cost structure discussed).
Impurities and defects in transition metals and their oxides

Self-consistent local density theory is used to calculate the electronic structure associated with impurities and defects in transition metals and their oxides. An embedded molecular cluster scheme is used in which 15–30 atoms are treated explicitly by the LCAO discrete variational scheme, and the surrounding environment is represented by a potential field. One-electron spectroscopic properties are discussed in terms of densities of states and population analyses; emphasis is placed upon detectable features induced by the presence of defects or impurities. Hyperfine fields and local magnetic moments are examined for binary transition metal alloys, and the effects of local clustering are simulated for comparison with Mossbauer, NMR, and neutron magnetic scattering data. The influence of interstitials and vacancies on metal X-ray absorption near edge spectra (XANES) of the monoxides is evaluated and used to interpret features of the M1−xO K edge spectra. The energy of formation of isolated cation vacancies in Fe1−xO is calculated, and the binding energies of several plausible (m:n) vacancy-interstitial metal defect clusters are presented. We give some semiquantitative explanations for the relative stability of different defect configurations.
Tutorial on rate constants and reorganization energies

These lecture notes, presented as a tutorial at the Euroconference on Modern Trends in Electrochemistry of Molecular Interfaces, consist of the following sections: (i) elementary transition state theory of reaction rates; (ii) elementary ion solvation theory; (iii) elementary solvent reorganization theory; (iv) generalizations; (v) extension to the metal | liquid interface; (vi) extension to the liquid | liquid interface, and (vii) examples of references.
Regression analysis for peak designation in pulsatile pressure signals

Following recent studies, the automatic analysis of intracranial pressure (ICP) pulses appears to be a promising tool for forecasting critical intracranial and cerebrovascular pathophysiological variations during the management of many disorders. A pulse analysis framework has been recently developed to automatically extract morphological features of ICP pulses. The algorithm is able to enhance the quality of ICP signals, to segment ICP pulses, and to designate the locations of the three ICP sub-peaks in a pulse. This paper extends this algorithm by utilizing machine learning techniques to replace Gaussian priors used in the peak designation process with more versatile regression models. The experimental evaluations are conducted on a database of ICP signals built from 700 h of recordings from 64 neurosurgical patients. A comparative analysis of different state-of-the-art regression analysis methods is conducted and the best approach is then compared to the original pulse analysis algorithm. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in terms of accuracy in favor of our regression-based recognition framework. It reaches an average peak designation accuracy of 99% using a kernel spectral regression against 93% for the original algorithm.
A study of diffusion in poly(ethyleneglycol)-gelatin based semi-interpenetrating networks for use in wound healing.

Semi-interpenetrating networks (sIPNs) designed to mimic extracellular matrix via covalent crosslinking of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate in the presence of gelatin have been shown to aid in wound healing, particularly when loaded with soluble factors. Ideal systems for tissue repair permit an effective release of therapeutic agents and flow of nutrients to proliferating cells. Appropriate network characterization can, consequently, be used to convey an understanding of the mass transfer kinetics necessary for materials to aid in the wound healing process. Solute transport from and through sIPNs has not yet been thoroughly evaluated. In the current study, the diffusivity of growth factors and nutrients through the polymeric system was determined. Transport of keratinocyte growth factor was modeled by treating the sIPN as a plane sheet into which the protein was loaded. The diffusion coefficient was determined to be 4.86 × 10−9 ± 1.86 × 10−12 cm2/s. Glucose transport was modeled as flow through a semi-permeable membrane. Using lag-time analysis, the diffusion coefficient was calculated to be 2.25 × 10−6 ± 1.98 × 10−7 cm2/s. The results were evaluated in conjunction with previous studies on controlled drug release from sIPNs. As expected from Einstein-Stokes equation, diffusivity decreased as molecular size increased. The results offer insight into the structure-function design paradigm and show that release from the polymeric system is diffusion controlled, rather than dissolution controlled.
Calculation of the work function of hydrocarbon mixtures

Abstract Good predictions ofthe composition dependence of the work function of mixtures of neopentane and tetramethyl silane with n -hexane are obtained using a pseudo-one-component fluid model and the work function theory of Springett , Jortner and Cohen.
Design of a highly maneuverable wheeled mobile robot

An omnidirectional mobile robot is able, kinematically, to move in any direction regardless of current pose. To date, nearly all designs and analyses of omnidirectional mobile robots have considered the case of motion on flat, smooth terrain. In this paper, an investigation of the design and analysis of an omnidirectional mobile robot for use in rough terrain is presented. Kinematic and geometric properties of the active split offset caster drive mechanism are investigated along with system and subsystem design guidelines. An optimization method is implemented to explore the design space. Use of this method results in a robot that has higher mobility than a robot designed using engineering judgment. A point design generated by the optimization method is shown for a meter-scale mobile robot.
A comparison of the discriminative stimulus properties of R-2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (R-DOM) and S-amphetamine in the rat

The effects of 0.75 mg/kg of R-DOM and 1.0 mg/kg of S-amphetamine served as discriminative stimuli in the control of a two-lever discrimination response. Dose-response evaluation of the two agents indicated that in S-amphetamine-trained animals the drug effects produced by test doses of 0.5 to 2.2 mg/kg of S-amphetamine could be considered as a dose-dependent continuum of low to high stimulus intensity. In R-DOM trained subjects, low to moderate doses of R-DOM (0.5–1.5 mg/kg) produced dose-related discriminative responding, but the high dose of R-DOM (2.2 mg/kg) resulted in random responding. When animals trained to discriminate 1.0 mg/kg of S-amphetamine from saline were given 0.5 or 0.75 mg/kg of R-DOM, they tended to respond on the drug correct lever. However, higher doses of R-DOM (1.5 and 2.2 mg/kg) produced random responding. Similarly, animals trained to discriminate 0.75 mg/kg of R-DOM from saline exhibited correct responses following 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg of S-amphetamine, but not after 1.5 and 2.2 mg/kg. These data suggest that low doses of R-DOM produce discriminative stimuli that are qualitatively different from those of higher doses. Stimuli following low doses of R-DOM also appear similar in some respects to those following low doses of S-amphetamine.
The effect of combined diffusion and kinetic transport barriers on multi-phase solid state reactions with a vapour reactant

Analytical models are presented for the rates of layer thickness growth of MoSi2 and of Mo5Si3 that form by reaction of vapour-supplied Si with Mo or with partially silicided Mo. The models are applicable to other systems. Coupling of the diffusive flux of the reactive species Si with the rate of the chemical reactions determines the growth kinetics. The rate of chemical reaction is assumed to be proportional to the magnitude of a discontinuity in the Si activity at the physical boundary where the silicide reaction is occurring. Various combinations of diffusive versus chemical-kinetics-dominated transport in the two phases which grow in tandem are found to affect the functional dependence of the growth kinetics on time. Models include cases in which the host solid is heterogeneous, as occurs when the average composition of the host lies in a poly-phase region of the phase diagram.
Fission properties of heavy and superheavy nuclei

Abstract Calculations have been carried out to estimate the total fragment kinetic energies EK, total fragment excitation energies Ex, and approximate total number of neutrons ν emitted in the binary fission of heavy and superheavy nuclei. The kinetic energy calculations are based on a static scission model reported earlier for fissioning nuclei in the actinide region. The total energy release Q is calculated from a recent mass formula of Seeger, and the total excitation energy is obtained from the difference, Ex = Q − EK. The results show a strong peak in EK(A)[A = compound nucleus mass number] and a corresponding minimum in Ex(A), at A ≈ 264, corresponding to fission into two nearly double-magic (Z ≈ 50, N ≈ 82) fragments. Our predictions of EK, Ex, and ν disagree sharply with the liquid-drop predictions in the range 255 ⪅ A ⪅ 290. It appears from these results that kinetic energy measurements do not provide an unambiguous test for superheavy nuclei, while measurements of ν, if ν ⪆ 5 , seem to provide such a test.
An application of the hybrid alternating direction implicit procedure to the simulation of an unconfined aquifer

Mathematical description of flow in underground reservoirs gives rise to partial differential equations that are often non-linear and that contain parameters which are position dependent. The solutions of these equations provide useful information for the evaluation and prediction of reservoir performance. The complexity of these equations is such that analytical solutions are not readily available and numerical techniques implemented using digital computers have been employed. The hybrid technique developed by Bishop and Green ^[^1^]has been extended to non-linear partial differential equations with space dependent parameters and implemented using modern hybrid computing equipment. Application of the technique is made, in this paper, to the simulation of ground water flow in an unconfined aquifer.
Nonpolar (11 1macr 0) a-Plane Gallium Nitride Thin Films Grown on (1 1macr 02) r-Plane Sapphire: Heteroepitaxy and Lateral Overgrowth

Nonpolar (1120) a-plane GaN films with planar surfaces were grown on (1102) r-plane sapphire substrates via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition by depositing a low temperature nucleation layer prior to the high temperature epitaxial growth. The film/substrate epitaxial relationship was defined by X-ray diffraction measurements to be [0001] GaN ∥ [1101] sapphire and [1100] GaN ∥ [1120] sapphire while the polarity of the GaN c-axis was confirmed using convergent beam electron diffraction. The film morphology and microstructure were studied using atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Threading dislocations (TDs), which dominated the heteroepitaxial a-plane GaN microstructure (density ∼2.6 x 10 10 cm -2 ), were reduced via lateral epitaxial overgrowth from mask stripe openings. The overgrowth from stripes aligned along [1100] was dislocation-free, as observed using TEM and cathodoluminescence, and dependent upon crystal polarity. For all other stripe orientations, TDs were observed to propagate into the overgrown regions.
Thermoelectric response of carbon nanotube films to Au-nanoparticle incorporation

Abstract We report on a study of the effects on the thermoelectric properties of CNT films of incorporating Au nanoparticles of different sizes. Our characterization included measurements of the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient, as well as estimation of the power factor and dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit for these materials. We found that the thermoelectric properties were significantly affected by the size of Au-nanoparticles used. Addition of Au-nanoparticles of both small (~5 nm) and large (~60 nm) diameters led to a decrease in the electrical conductivity from 1.8 × 10 5 Sm −1 for the pure CNT film to 6.2 × 10 4 and 7.9 × 10 4 Sm −1 for samples functionalized with 5 nm and 60 nm Au-NPs, respectively. Addition of 5 nm Au-nanoparticles also led to a decrease in the thermal conductivity to 73 Wm −1 K −1 from 82 Wm −1 K −1 for the pure CNT film, whereas the thermal conductivity of the sample with 60 nm Au-nanoparticles increased to 106 Wm −1 K −1 . The pure CNT film had a Seebeck coefficient of 31 μVK −1 , while the samples with 5 and 60 nm Au-NPs only achieved ~25 μVK −1 . The best value for the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) was 6.04 × 10 −4 for the pure CNT film, and 1.73 × 10 −4 and 1.33 × 10 −4 for the samples with 5 nm and 60 nm Au-NPs. The power factors were found to be 1.67 × 10 −4 , 4.2 × 10 −5 , and 4.7 × 10 −5 Wm −1 K −2 for the pure CNT, and the samples with 5 and 60 nm Au-NPs, respectively.
A road less traveled.

A 43-year-old man with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy, end-stage renal disease secondary to HIV-associated nephropathy on hemodialysis via the right femoral arteriovenous fistula, and a history of catheter-associated superior vena cava (SVC) stenosis was admitted following 2 weeks of progressive dyspnea on exertion as well as lightheadedness. Associated symptoms included bilateral leg swelling, weight gain, and sluggish blood flow at dialysis. Physical examination revealed elevated jugular venous pressure, extensive superficial venous collaterals in the chest and abdominal wall, and right, more than left, lower extremity edema. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis with contrast demonstrated near-complete suprarenal and intrahepatic occlusion of the inferior vena cava (IVC, Figure 1). SVC was reconstituted via the left hepatic vein and intrahepatic collaterals (Figure 2). An acute deep venous thrombosis was also found in the right popliteal region, likely as a result of venous stasis. IVC obstruction is most commonly caused by acute and/or chronic venous thrombosis, tumor thrombus, or external compression. It can also be associated with chronic central venous catheter use or dialysis as in this case. Major collateral pathways seen in IVC obstruction are azygos–hemiazygos, internal–external mammary, lateral thoracic, and lumbar–vertebral systems. More rarely seen are the cava-portal and the intrahepatic pathways, which can manifest on contrast CT scan as an abnormal enhancement of the left hepatic lobe, as in this case. Treatments of IVC obstruction involve anticoagulation, catheter-directed thrombolysis, primary angioplasty, wall-stent placement, or a combination of these modalities. The patient was anticoagulated with intravenous heparin and underwent thrombolysis and angioplasty of IVC with symptomatic improvement. Eventually, he required an IVC stent to maintain an adequate hemodialysis access. n e p h r o l o g y i m a g e http://www.kidney-international.org
Mass digitization of scientific collections: New opportunities to transform the use of biological specimens and underwrite biodiversity science

New information technologies have enabled the scientific collections community and its stakeholders to adapt, adopt, and leverage novel approaches for a nearly 300 years old scientific discipline. Now, few can credibly question the transformational impact of technology on efforts to digitize scientific collections, as IT now reaches into almost every nook and cranny of society. Five to ten years ago this was not the case. Digitization is an activity that museums and academic institutions increasingly recognize, though many still do not embrace, as a means to boost the impact of collections to research and society through improved access. The acquisition and use of scientific collections is a global endeavor, and digitization enhances their value by improved access to core biodiversity information, increases use, relevance and potential downstream value, for example, in the management of natural resources, policy development, food security, and planetary and human health. This paper examines new opportunities to design and implement infrastructure that will support not just mass digitization efforts, but also a broad range of research on biological diversity and physical sciences in order to make scientific collections increasingly relevant to societal needs and interest.
Interactions of Gonadotropins with Corpus Luteum Surface Membranes. V. Differential Effects of Digitonin on the Buoyant Densities of Light and Heavy Rat Ovarian Membrane Fractions

Previous studies have indicated that rat luteal cells at certain stages of development can be fractionated so as to obtain two plasma membrane fractions with different densities and different profiles of marker enzymes. The light membrane fractions (density 1.13) contain the majority of hCG-binding sites and little or no cyclase enzyme, while the heavy membranes (density 1.17) contain the majority of cyclase enzyme and lesser quantities of hormone-binding sites. These membrane fractions were further compared with respect to their susceptibility to perturbation by digitonin. The buoyant density of luteal cell light membrane fractions, as marked by [125I]iodo-hCG binding, Mg2+-dependent ATPase, and 5'-nucleotidase, were highly perturbable by digotonin (delta density, greater than 0.05), while adenylate cyclase activity and phosphodiesterase activity associated with this fraction were only slightly perturbed (delta density, less than 0.02). The buoyant density of luteal cell heavy membrane fractions, as marked by adenylate cyclase, ATPase, and nucleotidase, was not significantly perturbed by digotonin. The hCG binding associated with the heavy membrane fraction was not perturbed by digitonin. From these studies, we conclude that the adenylate cyclase activity associated with light membrane fractions is due to contamination by heavy membranes, while the hCG-binding activity in heavy membrane fractions is intrinsic to that membrane. Except for the lysosomal marker (glucuronidase), which was solubilized by digitonin, the detergent had no significant effect on the density of mitochondrial, Golgi, GERL (Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysomal), or endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Plasma membranes from isolated granulosa cells and ovaries obtained 24 h after priming with PMS gonadotropin-hCG behaved as heavy membranes (density, 1.17) which contained hCG-binding sites, adenylate cyclase, nucleotidase, and Mg2+-dependent ATPase. These were not significantly perturbed by digitonin. The appearance of light membranes and the segregation of adenylate cyclase from the majority of hCG-binding sites is a development feature of the luteal cell.
The One-year Surgical Outcome after Prism Adaptation for the Management of Acquired Esotropia

Abstract Purpose: To report the 1-year motor and sensory outcomes for patients with acquired comitant esotropia managed with preoperative prism adaptation. Methods: Patients entered a multicenter randomized prospective evaluation of prism adaptation before strabismus surgery. Prism responders were randomized to surgery with the target angle based on either the entry angle or the adapted angle of esotropia. Three hundred five patients (92% of cohort) completed 1-year postoperative follow-up. Results: The overall motor success rate for all patients in the study was 74%. Prism responders operated on for the adapted esotropic target angle had a satisfactory motor outcome more often than those operated on for the entry angle, 90% compared with 75% ( P = 0.04). Significant predictors of a satisfactory motor outcome after surgery were prism adaptation, female sex, and hyperopia greater than or equal to +3.00 D. Prism responders operated on for the adapted angle showed fusion of the Worth 4-dot at substantially more often than did those operated on for the entry angle, 75% compared with 60% ( P = 0.12). Conclusion: Prism adaptation significantly improves the 1-year motor outcome after esotropia surgery in prism responders. There is no increase in the number of overcorrections. These results confirm the value of allotting the extra time and potential expense needed for this technique.
Organizing Narratives/Codes/ Poetics

Given the dynamic structure of corporate conflict between engineering and sales, how can those two dissimilar realities be managed such that change is possible? The network of assumptions that is each of these realities is not immediately accessible to the “other”; such assumptive networks are coded through its members and located in silence. The trick in managing any organisational change effort is to interrogate those realities in ways that require its members to respond self‐reflectively with narratives rather than unreflectively with codes. Managing an organisational change effort requires that codes be transformed into narratives in ways that blur the boundaries and then redraw them along different lines.
Leukemia inhibitory factor induces changes in lipid metabolism in cultured adipocytes.

Cytokines induce a number of changes in lipid metabolism that can produce hyperlipidemia. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a recently discovered cytokine, has been suggested to play a role in the cancer cachexia syndrome through its ability to decrease lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. This study explores the mechanism by which LIP decreases LPL activity in cultured adipocytes and determines its effects on fatty acid synthesis and lipolysis to see if it shares the same catabolic effects on fat cells as seen with other cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). LIF decreased LPL activity in cultured adipocytes by 44% compared with an 85% decrease produced by TNF. Although the percent decrease in LPL activity is not as great in LIF-incubated adipocytes as in TNF-incubated adipocytes, the half-maximal doses for both cytokines are similar. LPL messenger RNA levels paralleled LPL activity in the LIF-treated adipocytes, suggesting that the effect of LIF on LPL activity is predominantly mediated through t...
Bacterial Wilt of Walfflowers Caused by Xanthomonas campestns

SUMMARY Bacterial wilt of wallflowers caused by Xanthomonas campestris is reported for the first time in the United Kingdom and a description is given of the disease symptoms. Isolates of X. campestris from wallflowers were pathogenic to seedlings of all wild and cultivated crucifers tested with the exception of Matthiola spp, (stocks). Four isolates of X. campestris from Brassica spp. and three other Xanthomonas spp. were not pathogenic either to wallflower or to stock seedlings. X. campestris isolates originating from cabbage were more virulent to cabbage seedlings than were isolates originating from wallflowers. X. campestris was isolated from wallflower seeds and from old wallflower debris.
In-situ fluid-pressure measurements for earthquake prediction: An example from a deep well at Hi Vista, California

Short-term earthquake prediction requires sensitive instruments for measuring the small anomalous changes in stress and strain that precede earthquakes. Instruments installed at or near the surface have proven too noisy for measuring anomalies of the size expected to occur, and it is now recognized that even to have the possibility of a reliable earthquake-prediction system will require instruments installed in drill holes at depths sufficient to reduce the background noise to a level below that of the expected premonitory signals. We are conducting experiments to determine the maximum signal-to-noise improvement that can be obtained in drill holes. In a 592 m well in the Mojave Desert near Hi Vista, California, we measured water-level changes with amplitudes greater than 10 cm, induced by earth tides. By removing the effects of barometric pressure and the stress related to earth tides, we have achieved a sensitivity to volumetric strain rates of 10−9 to 10−10 per day. Further improvement may be possible, and it appears that a successful earthquake-prediction capability may be achieved with an array of instruments installed in drill holes at depths of about 1 km, assuming that the premonitory strain signals are, in fact, present.
Proton transfer in gramicidin water wires in phospholipid bilayers: attenuation by phosphoethanolamine.

Abstract The transfer of protons in water wires was studied in native gramicidin A (gA), and in the SS- and RR- diastereoisomers of dioxolane-linked gA channels (SS and RR channels). These peptides were incorporated into membranes comprised of distinct combinations of phospholipid headgroups and acyl chains. Quantitative relationships between single channel conductances to H + (g H ) and [H + ] were determined in distinct phospholipid membranes, and are in remarkable contrast with results previously obtained in monoglyceride membranes. In particular: 1), g H -[H + ] relationships for the various gA channels in distinct phospholipid membranes are well fitted by single adsorption isotherms. A simple kinetic model assuming mono-occupancy of channels by protons fits said relationships. This does not occur with monoglyceride membranes. 2), Under nonsaturating [H + ], g H is ∼1 order of magnitude larger in phospholipid than in monoglyceride membranes. 3), Differences between rates of H + transfer in various gA channels are still present but considerably attenuated in phospholipid relative to monoglyceride membranes. 4), Charged phospholipid headgroups affect g H via changes in [H + ] at the membrane/solution interfaces. 5), Phosphoethanolamine groups caused a marked attenuation of g H relative to membranes with other phospholipid headgroups. This attenuation is voltage-dependent and tends to saturate H + currents at voltages larger than 250mV. This effect is likely to occur by limiting the access and exit of H + in and out of the channel due to relatively strong oriented Hbonds between waters and phosphoethanolamine groups at channel interfaces. The differential effects of phospholipids on proton transfer could be reasoned by considering solvation effects of side chain residues of gramicidin channels by double acyl chains and by the presence of polar headgroups facilitating the entrance/exit of protons through the channel mouths.
Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease: prolonged 30-year course without development of lymphoma

Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease: prolonged 30-year course without development of lymphoma
Meiosis readiness in Lilium longiflorum “Croft”

It is proposed that anthers of Lilium longiflorum “Croft” approaching the end of premeiotic mitosis reach a state described as “meiosis readiness” after which cells in premeiotic prophase are unable to complete a mitotic division but despiralize to interphase and enter a meiotic division. Many of the laggard premeiotic cells begin despiralization before reaching an extremely contracted state of late prophase. Premeiotic despiralization is not, therefore, attributed to a deficiency in metaphase but to an inability of these cells to complete prophase. Premeiotic despiralization appears to be preceded by a slowing-down of prophase development. There is variation among anthers and anther regions in the onset of prophase retardation and meiosis readiness. It is suggested that meiosis readiness depends upon a gradual accumulation of meiosis-inducing substances in the cytoplasm of the premeiotic cells. It has not been determined whether the cells that undergo premeiotic despiralization give rise to the giant microsporocytes with shattered chromosomes observed at late prophase of meiosis.
Electromagnetic self-energy of confined massless quarks

Abstract It is suggested that the electromagnetic self-energy of a collection of confined massless quarks may be finite and calculable.
Developmental shifts in the place preferences of boys aged 8-16 years

Little is known about how and why children's preferences for different places changes as they get older. This study is a preliminary examination of developmental shifts in boys' place preferences. Boys aged 8 to 16 years (n=155) attending a residential summer camp were asked to indicate their favorite place in the camp and why they liked that place. The responses were categorized using a four-part classification scheme (land use, social, commercial and aesthetic/cognitive). Younger boys tended to choose places valued for a particular land use, while older boys tended to choose places for their aesthetic or cognitive qualities. A new developmental model of place preferences in boys is discussed.
Liquid flow in molds with prelocated fiber mats

The mechanism associated with mold filling in the manufacture of structural RIM (SRIM) and resin transfer molding (RTM) composites is studied by means of flow visualization and pressure drop measurements. To facilitate this study, an acrylic mold with a variable cavity was constructed and the flow patterns of nonreactive fluid flowing through various layers, types, and combinations of preplaced glass fiber reinforcement mats were photographed for both evacuated and nonevacuated molds. The pressure drops in the flow through a single type of reinforcement (e.g., a continuous strand random fiber mat) and also a combination of reinforcement types (e.g., a stitched bidirectional mat in combination with a random fiber mat) were recorded at various flow rates to simulate high-speed feeding processes (e.g., SRIM) and low-speed feeding processes (e.g., RTM). By changing the amount of reinforcement placed into the mold, the permeabilities of the different types and combinations of glass fiber mats were obtained as a function of porosity. It is shown that partially evacuating the mold cavity decreases the size of bubbles or voids in the liquid, but ultimately increases the maximum pressure during filling. The results also show that glass fiber mats exhibit anisotropic permeabilities with the thickness permeability, Kz, being extremely important and often the determining factor in the pressure generated in the mold during filling.
Preliminary Model of Radiation Damage in Ceramics

A preliminary model of radiation damage in binary ceramic oxides has been developed. The model described here accounts in an approximate way for some of the major differences between metallic alloys and ceramics that are believed to be responsible for the fact that ceramic materials appear in some cases to behave differently than metallic alloys when exposed to displacive irradiation. The model considers the influence of the existence of a second lattice and the additional constraint of stoichiometric point defects absorption by dislocation loops on the concentrations of point defects that would be observed at steady state in an irradiated ceramic. These point defect concentrations are then used to compute various measures of the sensitivity of these materials to the type of microstructural evolution that is observed in irradiated metals. Initial results indicate that both the lattice and stoichiometry effects can help to mitigate radiation damage in ceramics. However, the effect is not necessarily large. In agreement with recent data, the results indicate that at least some ceramic oxides may exhibit a sensitivity to displacement damage that is similar to metals.
Acquiring design knowledge through design decision justification

Currently design documentation rarely records the designer's decision process or the reasons behind those decisions. This paper describes an effort to improve design documentation by having the computer act as an intelligent apprentice to the designer to capture the rationale during the design process. The apprentice learns about the features that make a specific case different from the standard. Whenever the designer proposes a design action that differs from the apprentice's expectations, the interface will ask for the designer for justifications to explain the differences. Later queries for design rationale are answered using a combination of the apprentice's domain knowledge and the designer-supplied justifications. The apprentice model is being implemented in a prototype system called ADD (Augmenting Design Documentation). The initial focus of the work is on HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) design. Our starting point for implementing the apprentice model is observing how people develop HVAC system designs and then explain those designs.
On the regularity of wavelets

The regularity index alpha /sub N/ of the scaling functions /sub N/ phi , N=2, 3, . . . of multiresolution analysis introduced by I. Daubechies (1988) is investigated. It is shown that 0.51 >
Pomeranchuk Instability in a non-Fermi Liquid from Holography

The Pomeranchuk instability, in which an isotropic Fermi surface distorts and becomes anisotropic due to strong interactions, is a possible mechanism for the growing number of experimental systems which display transport properties that differ along the $x$ and $y$ axes. We show here that the gauge-gravity duality can be used to describe such an instability in fermionic systems. Our holographic model consists of fermions in a background which describes the causal propagation of a massive neutral spin-two field in an asymptotically anti--de Sitter spacetime. The Fermi surfaces in the boundary theory distort spontaneously and become anisotropic once the neutral massive spin-two field develops a normalizable mode in the bulk. Analysis of the fermionic correlators reveals that the low-lying fermionic excitations are non-Fermi liquidlike both before and after the Fermi surface shape distortion. Further, the spectral weight along the Fermi surface is angularly dependent and can be made to vanish along certain directions.
The Pre-Columbian distribution of the bottle gourd (Lagenaria sicerarid): A Re-evaluation

Recently, Whitaker (1971: 327) has reaffirmed his position that the bottle gourd is indigenous to Africa and may have been diffused either by transoceanic drift or by human transport. The evidence elaborated herein, however, supports the conclusions that (1)Lagenaria is not a monotypic genus and had an ancient pantropical distribution; (2) human utilization ofLagenaria is at least 15,000 years old in the New World and 12,000 years in the Old World; (3) the early dates for the use ofLagenaria are far too early convincingly to suggest transoceanic diffusion by man, although drifting of gourds from Africa or Asia may have occurred; (4) the earliest use ofLagenaria was probably as a wild plant in the context of a hunting and gathering society; and (5)Lagenaria was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds.
Determination of thymidylate synthase activity in colon tumor tissues after treatment with 5-fluorouracil.

Abstract The formation and isolation of [6-3H]FdUMP-thymidylate synthase-5,10-methylenetetra-hydrofolate covalent complex have been examined in tumor cytosols incubated with albumin-dextran coated charcoal used to remove endogenous nucleotide. Charcoal suspension (10% charcoal, 0.5% albumin, 0.05% dextran) adsorbed
Algorithm to check network states for deadlock

The problem of checking the states of a system for deadlock is treated for a single class of system, or networks, and for a single class of resources, or buffers. An algorithm is described that, for a given state, requires O[m + n2] operations, where m and n are, respectively, the number of tasks and nodes in the state. (In general, m is greater than n.)
Needed: Nursing and Social Work Leadership.

(2008). NEEDED: NURSING AND SOCIAL WORK LEADERSHIP. Journal of Social Work Education: Vol. 44, No. sup3, pp. 125-127.
Reduction of models of interacting lumped and distributed systems using bond graphs and repeated modal decomposition

Abstract Previous works have shown the usefulness of bond graphs for modeling and simulation of interacting lumped and distributed systems. Frequently, when damping is included in the model, the overall system is “stiff”, possessing widely disparate characteristic times. This makes simulation difficult and time consuming. Bond graphs are used here to represent the interacting lumped and modal dynamics of a system while treating the damping as an external forcing onto the system. By performing a second modal decomposition, a second bond graph model can be formulated where the damping can now be physically represented. The result is a total system model in which the characteristic times can be controlled through elimination of high frequency modes.
Biogeochemistry: now and into the future

Abstract Biogeochemistry can be defined as the mutual interactions (two-way) between the biology and chemistry of the Earth system, and as such is clearly an important component of the broader discipline of geobiology. It is a well-developed field, having a dedicated journal and textbook, and many hundreds of publications appearing in the scientific literature each year. Perhaps the best example of biogeochemistry is the balance between photosynthesis and respiration, autotrophy and heterotrophy, on Earth, the so-called Redfield equation. The modern practice of biogeochemical research has been focused on present-day processes such as those in the Redfield equation, but new tools and approaches are beginning to explore the biogeochemistry of the ancient Earth; this is the challenge for biogeochemists in the future.
Kinematics Analysis and Simulation of a 4-DOF Manipulator

Detailed analysis is given to kinematics of a 4-DOF manipulator. Forward and inverse kinematics of the manipulator is performed through Denevit and Hartenberg method. Kinematics equations are obtained, whereupon mathematic formulas are provided for the manipulator control. The effectiveness of kinematics equations is verified by the Robotics Toolbox simulation of the Matlab.
Alterations of PTEN/MMAC1 , a candidate tumor suppressor gene, and its homologue, PTH2 , in small cell lung cancer cell lines

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 10q23-q25 is frequent in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), indicating the presence of putative tumor suppressor genes. PTEN/ MMAC1, a newly cloned candidate tumor suppressor gene at 10q23, was mutated in multiple human cancers. We investigated whether mutations of PTEN/MMAC1 play an important role in SCLC tumorigenesis. We examined 16 SCLC cell lines for PTEN/MMAC1 mRNA expression by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and potential mutations by sequencing analysis of the PTEN/MMAC1 coding region. No mutation was observed in PTEN/MMAC1 cDNAs in 15 cell lines expressing PTEN/MMAC1. One SCLC cell line, DMS79, did not have detectable PTEN/ MMAC1 expression. Importantly, we identified a novel homologue of PTEN/MMAC1, termed PTH2, localized to chromosome 9p21-q13 and containing only ten amino acid substitutions compared with the PTEN/MMAC1 coding region. However, because the putative initiation codon for PTEN/MMAC1 gene was changed to arginine in PTH2, the translational initiation site of PTH2 is very likely to differ from that of the PTEN/MMAC1. PTH2 was expressed in two normal lung tissues and two normal colon tissues, but in only four of 16 SCLC cell lines. A missense mutation in PTH2 was identified in a SCLC cell line that did not express PTEN/MMAC1 mRNA. Our data suggest that inactivation of PTEN/ MMAC1 is a rare event in SCLC tumorigenesis. However, the PTEN/MMAC1 homologue PTH2 may play a role in SCLC tumorigenesis.
Relationship of sulfur speciation to hydrographic conditions and chemoautotrophic production in the Cariaco Basin

Abstract Sulfur species are likely to be important microbial substrates at redox transition zones. In this study, we measured thiosulfate (S 2 O 3 2− ), sulfite (SO 3 2− ), particulate elemental sulfur (S 0 ), total zero-valent sulfur (particulate S 0 + polysulfides + colloidal S 0 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) together with chemoautotrophic production and heterotrophic bacterial production at several locations in the Cariaco Basin as part of the on-going CARIACO (CArbon Retention in a Colored Ocean) time-series project. Sulfite and thiosulfate concentrations always covaried within the redoxcline, but no consistent distribution pattern was observed nor did it correlate with chemoautotrophic production. In contrast, particulate elemental sulfur maxima were consistently found at the interface and were highly correlated with chemoautotrophic production. Higher concentrations of particulate elemental sulfur at stations closer to the basin's margin were associated with higher inventories of hydrogen sulfide. Comparisons of profiles of total zero-valent sulfur and of particulate elemental sulfur suggest that a large fraction of zero-valent sulfur is either colloidal or in the form of polysulfides. Although thiosulfate stimulated bacterial activity in amendment experiments, the role of thiosulfate and sulfite in chemoautotrophic production is not yet clear.
INFLUENCE OF ENDOTOXIN ON THE DERMAL RESPONSE OF RABBITS TO HUMAN ORAL BACTERIA.

Abstract Endotoxin from oral fusobacteria administered intravenously in dosages of 5–400 μg per kg body weight to rabbits exerts a profound effect on the inflammatory response of the animal to a subsequent intradermal injection of mixed cultures of oral bacteria, or pure cultures of oral streptococci or fusobacteria. The onset and degree of the inflammatory reaction to local infection is dependent on the time interval between endotoxin injection and intradermal challenge, and on the dose of endotoxin administered. In rabbits pretreated with endotoxin 1 hr before intradermal challenge, no inflammation can be observed grossly and no inflammatory cells are present in the tissues during the first 6 hr. In rabbits pretreated with endotoxin 48 hr before intradermal challenge, macroscopic observation indicates an accelerated inflammatory response but histopathologically no difference can be found in skin lesions from these animals and from untreated rabbits. These experiments imply that endotoxins have the potential to inhibit or stimulate the local cellular defense mechanism and may likewise act as modifying agents affecting the host-parasite relationship existing in the periodontal tissues.
High Compliance in RSV-IVIG Infusion Program (RIP) 688

RSV-IVIG was approved for prohylaxis in preterm infants and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) patients in February 1996. The RIP was designed for the 96-97 winter season.