cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peer Effects on Children's Expressive Vocabulary Development Using Conceptual Scoring in Linguistically Diverse Preschools.

ABSTRACTResearch Findings: This study examined associations between the expressive vocabulary of classroom peers and children’s own vocabulary knowledge using conceptual scoring in a linguistically diverse sample of 4-year-olds who attended universal preschool programs in a metropolitan area. Higher peer conceptually scored expressive vocabulary was associated with higher conceptually scored expressive vocabulary for all children. The association was stronger for children who were dual language learners (DLLs), such that higher peer ability was associated with stronger growth in conceptually scored expressive vocabulary for DLLs across languages than for children fluent in English. Practice or Policy: This research suggests that policymakers may want to investigate the advantages of setting aside slots in targeted programs for children who have stronger conceptual vocabularies. Administrators should consider conceptual and verbal ability and classroom composition when assigning children to classes. This r...
Biological Tests in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Affective Disorders

Psychiatry has traditionally been distanced by other branches of medicine because it lacked means whereby diagnoses and treatments could be arrived at objectively. Other specialties of medicine can turn to diagnostic aids through which differential diagnoses can be narrowed down and specific treatments instituted. Over the last 10 years psychiatry has been seeking and discovering its own diagnostic aids and classification schemes to similarly enable psychiatrists to narrow their differential diagnoses and initiate specific treatments. The affective disorders have received a large share of attention, and rightfully so, since a large segment of the population in this country will experience a major depressive episode at some time in their lives (Katz, 1980). This chapter will focus on several currently existing biological tests used to assess affective disorders and the relationships of these tests to one another and response to treatment. Our intention is to provide the reader with a brief review of each test followed by a discussion of findings from the authors’ own investigations examining the relationships of these tests and treatment response. The implications of our findings, as well as those of others, will be discussed in light of current theories of the etiology of affective disorders and mechanisms underlying response to treatment.
Impact of nutritional status on outcomes in laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy.

Abstract Background There is a high morbidity rate after digestive surgery in patients with nutritional disorders such as high body mass index and depletion of skeletal muscle. Materials and methods The ratio of psoas muscle area to trunk area was defined as the Psoas and All trunk Ratio (PandA Ratio) and used as an index of the balance between muscle and adipose tissue. This ratio was determined in 77 patients undergoing laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) for gastric cancer. Patients were classified into groups with and without postoperative complications. Clinicopathological factors were compared between the groups, and relationships of PandA Ratio with other nutritional indices were examined. PandA Ratios were also analyzed in males and females in each Clavien-Dindo grade. Results Complications developed in 22 patients (28.6%) after LAG. The PandA Ratio was significantly lower in patients with complications in univariate (2.76 ± 0.22% versus 3.66 ± 0.14%, P = 0.0009) and multivariate ( P = 0.0064) analyses. A low PandA Ratio was also associated with more severe complications in males. Conclusions Measurement of the areas of the psoas muscle and trunk on CT is useful for evaluation of the balance between skeletal and adipose tissue. The PandA Ratio derived from these measurements is a predictor of the clinical course after LAG in males.
The new American way—how changes in labour law are increasing inequality

How have changes in labour law affected income inequality in the United States over the last half century? Curiously, even though employers have increased the degree to which they break labour law, workers have decreased their utilisation of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and the strike. How do we understand the unwillingness of labour to utilise the NLRB and the strike when under increasing attack? To answer these interrelated questions, I analyse three central changes in federal labour law and norms from the middle of the 20th century to present: the usage of permanent replacement workers, adjudication of the main federal labour law—the National Labor Relations Act—and change in administration of the NLRB—the body charged with overseeing the National Labor Relations Act.
INTERNET OF VEHICLES: AN INTRODUCTION

As more and more people drive cars and vehicles, there is a corresponding increase in the number of fatalities that occur due to accidents. As these vehicles are increasingly being connected to the Internet of things (IoT), they form the Internet of vehicles (IoV). Thus, IoV is the convergence of the mobile Internet and IoT. It is an emerging field for the automotive industry and an important part of the smart cities. This paper provides a brief introduction to Internet of Vehicles (IoV).
Long-term changes in biotic and abiotic factors influence larval gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) annual peak density

ABSTRACTGizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) are an influential forage fish and driver of zooplankton resources in many reservoirs. The ability to identify the biotic and abiotic factors that influence the timing of elevated gizzard shad densities can be important to better utilize this forage fish and manage sport fish. The objective of this study was to investigate which biotic and abiotic factors influence larval gizzard shad annual peak density. We used combinations of six variables (CPUE of adult gizzard shad from the prior fall, mean zooplankton density, turbidity, chlorophyll a, relative reservoir elevation, and water temperature) from a long-term (2003–2014) monitoring program to create 28 a-priori candidate models to assess the relative support of explanatory variables using Akaike's information criterion (AIC). During the course of our study, larval gizzard shad annual peak densities were best explained by zooplankton density and relative reservoir elevation. Zooplankton density provides greater f...
Safely Identifying Emergency Department Patients With Acute Chest Pain for Early Discharge.

Background: The HEART Pathway (history, ECG, age, risk factors, and initial troponin) is an accelerated diagnostic protocol designed to identify low-risk emergency department patients with chest pa...
Challenges and opportunities for integrating genetic testing into a diagnostic workflow: heritable long QT syndrome as a model.

BACKGROUND An increasing number of diagnostic evaluations incorporate genetic testing to facilitate accurate and timely diagnoses. The increasing number and complexity of genetic tests continue to pose challenges in deciding when to test, selecting the correct test(s), and using results to inform medical diagnoses, especially for medical professionals lacking genetic expertise. Careful consideration of a diagnostic workflow can be helpful in understanding the appropriate uses of genetic testing within a broader diagnostic workup. CONTENT The diagnosis of long QT syndrome (LQTS), a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia, provides an example for this approach. Electrocardiography is the preferred means for diagnosing LQTS but can be uninformative for some patients due to the variable presentation of the condition. Family history and genetic testing can augment physiological testing to inform a diagnosis and subsequent therapy. Clinical and laboratory professionals informed by peer- reviewed literature and professional recommendations constructed a generalized LQTS diagnostic workflow. This workflow served to explore decisions regarding the use of genetic testing for diagnosing LQTS. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK Understanding the complexities and approaches to integrating genetic testing into a broader diagnostic evaluation is anticipated to support appropriate test utilization, optimize diagnostic evaluation, and facilitate a multidisciplinary approach essential for achieving accurate and timely diagnoses.
Roll-to-roll printing of spatial wearable thermoelectrics

Abstract With the increasing demand for self-powered wearable electronics, wearable thermoelectric devices provide a unique mode for energy conversion from body waste heat into electricity; however, most of current efforts are made to mass-produce in-plane thin film TEG, where heat transports in-plane, making it difficult in integration into the practical energy systems. The lack of effective approach for scalable manufacturing of spatial thermoelectrics significantly restricts their application for wearable electronics. In this paper, we develop a novel roll-to-roll system incorporated with the spatial extrusion printing technique for manufacturing large-scale flexible thermoelectric devices using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) based all-organic p- and n-type thermoelectrics. SWCNT composites were scalable assembled for spatial thermoelectric architecture and demonstrated a maximum power density of ∼1.49 mW/m2 and a maximum voltage of ∼20 mV at a temperature gradient of 25 K. As-printed SWCNT composites architecture were also used as a power supply for LED diode, demonstrating the possibility of harvesting body heat to power the wearable electronics.
Constructing and deconstructing the bacterial cell wall

The history of modern medicine cannot be written apart from the history of the antibiotics. Antibiotics are cytotoxic secondary metabolites that are isolated from Nature. The antibacterial antibiotics disproportionately target bacterial protein structure that is distinct from eukaryotic protein structure, notably within the ribosome and within the pathways for bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis (for which there is not a eukaryotic counterpart). This review focuses on a pre-eminent class of antibiotics-the β-lactams, exemplified by the penicillins and cephalosporins-from the perspective of the evolving mechanisms for bacterial resistance. The mechanism of action of the β-lactams is bacterial cell-wall destruction. In the monoderm (single membrane, Gram-positive staining) pathogen Staphylococcus aureus the dominant resistance mechanism is expression of a β-lactam-unreactive transpeptidase enzyme that functions in cell-wall construction. In the diderm (dual membrane, Gram-negative staining) pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa a dominant resistance mechanism (among several) is expression of a hydrolytic enzyme that destroys the critical β-lactam ring of the antibiotic. The key sensing mechanism used by P. aeruginosa is monitoring the molecular difference between cell-wall construction and cell-wall deconstruction. In both bacteria, the resistance pathways are manifested only when the bacteria detect the presence of β-lactams. This review summarizes how the β-lactams are sensed and how the resistance mechanisms are manifested, with the expectation that preventing these processes will be critical to future chemotherapeutic control of multidrug resistant bacteria.
Keeping out of harm’s way? Constitutional due process and state repression

The question concerning a state leader's decision to employ repression against domestic audiences extends beyond a binary choice. Leaders act strategically in choosing among a variety of repressive...
Audiometric Outcomes and Middle Ear Disease following Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair.

ObjectiveTo investigate audiometric outcomes and incidence of chronic ear disease following lateral skull base repair (LSBR) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks.Study DesignRetrospective review.Sett...
Sternal-Sparing LVAD Implantation Reduces the Incidence of Severe Right Heart Failure

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the association between surgical implantation technique and the incidence of postoperative severe right heart failure (RHF). Methods We performed a retrospective review of all patients implanted with a continuous flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) at our institution from May 2008 through June 2019. Patients were dichotomized based on surgical implantation technique: sternal-sparing (SS) or median sternotomy. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to adjust for preoperative patient characteristics. The primary outcome was the incidence of severe RHF during the index hospitalization as defined by INTERMACS. Results Of the 426 total patients, 103 (24%) were implanted via sternal-sparing approach and 323 (76%) via median sternotomy. Preoperative patient characteristics were similar between cohorts except for younger age in the SS cohort (53 ±14 vs 57 ±12 years, p=0.016). A large proportion of both cohorts presented as INTERMACS Profile 1 (39% SS vs 37% sternotomy, p =0.726). Intraoperatively, both cohorts had similar cardiopulmonary bypass times (117±51 vs 108±46 minutes, p=0.065). Postoperatively, there was a lower incidence of severe RHF in the SS cohort (9% vs 23%, p=0.001), including fewer cases requiring a right ventricular assist device (3% vs 15%, p=0.001). In a multivariate model, sternal-sparing approach (Odds Ratio 0.36 (0.17-0.78), p=0.010) and INTERMACS Profile ≥3 (Odds Ratio 0.15 (0.07-0.30), p Conclusion Sternal-sparing LVAD implantation is associated with a lower incidence of severe right heart failure compared to median sternotomy. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of the sternal-sparing approach in preserving RV function.
Conductivity extraction of thin Ti3C2Tx MXene films over 1–10 GHz using capacitively coupled test-fixture

Thin films of two-dimensional MXene (Ti3C2Tx) are evaluated in terms of their conductivity over the radio frequency (RF) range of 1–10 GHz using a custom designed test fixture. A contactless method is developed for extracting the conductivity of MXene films of various thickness (1.0–4.3 μm) at RF frequencies. Open ended MXene transmission lines with various thicknesses are spray-coated on polyethylene terephthalate substrates capacitively coupled to a copper transmission line test fixture realized on a RT/duroid (filled polytetrafluoroethylene composite laminate) substrate to provide solderless repeatable RF connection. The extraction process is based on the least squares error method of curve fitting to minimize the difference between the full wave numerically simulated scattering parameters and the measured values of the test circuit for various samples. RF characterization was performed for three MXene samples, with thicknesses of about 1.0, 1.5, and 4.3 μm to extract the corresponding conductivity. Moreover, MXene performance was compared against copper and graphite films. The highest conductivity of 1.2 × 106 S/m was extracted for the 4.3 μm thick Ti3C2Tx film. The extracted MXene conductivity is used to predict the quality factor and efficiency of antennas. This study suggests that MXene films are attractive for RF applications and can be used as conductive layers on 3D-printed RF circuits.
Context aware access control for home voice assistant in multi-occupant homes

Abstract Home Voice Assistants (HVAs) like the Amazon Echo or the Google Home are increasingly being used to control smart devices in a smarthome. A HVA device takes in a spoken command (“Turn off the living-room lights and television”), and converts it into commands for respective devices. This paper presents CANVAS system, an Context AwareNess for Voice ASsistants system designed for multi-occupant smarthomes. CANVAS is designed to be run on a HVA, and makes use of the sounds in the home to provide additional context information to decide whether to execute the command, prompt for confirmation, or reject the command entirely. CANVAS also includes a pictorial utility to help non-expert users configure these rules. Our experiments indicate that CANVAS has a low computational overhead, making it suitable to be executed in HVAs. Our experiments Mechanical Turk suggest that the pictorial configuration utility is also intuitive.
Understanding Reading Behaviors of Middle School Students

Rich models of students' learning and problem-solving behaviors can support tailored interventions by instructors and scaffolding of complex learning activities. Our goal in this paper is to identify students' reading behaviors as they engage with instructional texts in domain-specific activities. In this work, we apply theory and methodology from the learning sciences to a large-scale middle school dataset within a digital literacy platform, Actively Learn. We compare students' reading behaviors both within and across domains for 12,566 science and 16,240 social studies students. Our findings show that higher-performing students in science engaged in more metacognitively-rich reading activities, such as text annotation; whereas lower-performing students relied more on simple highlighting and took longer to respond to embedded questions. Higher-performing students in social studies, by contrast, engaged more with the vocabulary and took longer to read before attempting question responses. Our finding may be used as recommendations to help both teachers and students engage in and support more effective behaviors.
Virtual shareholder meetings

We examine determinants and consequences of ‘virtual’ shareholder meetings (VSM). Using a pre-Covid sample of voluntary VSM adopters, we do not find that firms choose the virtual format to avoid shareholders’ scrutiny. VSM are more frequent among tech firms, and firms traditionally more engaged with shareholders, consistent with the stated objective to increase shareholder participation. Textual analysis of transcripts suggests that VSM are substantially shorter, are less likely to include a business presentation, and, when they do, such presentation is shorter and more generic. VSM are also more likely to exhibit no questions during the Q&A, but conditioned upon having a question, they exhibit the same number of questions and such questions are more negative in tone. The results are similar when using the forced adoption of VSM due to Covid for better identification, except that the properties of the business presentation do not change around such forced adoptions. This suggests that the less frequent, shorter, and more generic presentations among voluntary VSM adopters are a firm’s choice rather than a byproduct of the virtual format per se. Finally, in both samples (voluntary and forced VSM adopters) the virtual format does not appear to affect market-based proxies for the meeting’s information content (such as abnormal trading volume and absolute returns). Overall, VSM exhibit less activity on average, consistent with critics’ concerns, but such reduced activity does not appear to cause a loss in information content nor to reflect an attempt to avoid scrutiny.
Increasing the Cigarette Tax

This report estimates the revenue and distributional effects of increasing the state’s cigarette excise tax by $0.50 per pack from $1.98 to $2.48. After taking into account the behavioral responses of smokers, Reif estimates that the tax increase would raise up to $175 million per year and reduce Medicaid expenditures by almost $1 million per year. The amount of revenue generated depends on the extent to which a tax rate increase would boost tax avoidance in large border cities like Chicago. Although cigarettes are predominantly consumed by the poor, many would significantly decrease their consumption in response to the tax, thereby mitigating some of their tax burden. Moreover, if smokers are not making rational, well-informed decisions, then economic theory predicts that an increase in the cigarette tax may benefit them by encouraging healthier behavior.
Love in a time of anti-Blackness: social rank, attachment, and race in psychotherapy

This paper draws on critical race theory and research on attachment, social rank and dehumanization to theorize the implications of addressing anti-Blackness in psychotherapy with both Black and non-Black clients in the context of White Supremacy. Drawing on and critiquing a recent review of attachment theory and race, the author draws on historical and empirical research outlining the contours of a racial capitalist world. Recontextualizing attachment theory through this critical race theory lens, it will be argued psychotherapy must address anti-Blackness with both Black and non-Black clients, redefining therapeutic action not only as the provision of repair of interpersonal ruptures, but also as the capacity to mentalize about socio-historical ruptures, allowing space to clarify and pursue one's values despite an anti-Black, capitalist and White Supremacist world. This paper will provide case examples illustrating these principles with Black and non-Black clients and conclude with their clinical and political implications.
Transitioning Undergraduate Maternal-Newborn and Pediatric Hospital Clinical Experience to Immersive Simulation-Based Education

Abstract Background Nursing education has undergone restructuring in clinical and academic settings. Challenges facing nursing programs and academic educators include limited and varied clinical experiences in maternal-newborn and pediatric settings, contributing to low national benchmark exam scores. Sample Six student cohorts enrolled in a traditional undergraduate nursing program in the United States (n = 640) participated, including three pre-transition (n = 282) and three post-transition (n = 358) cohorts. Method This study compared outcomes of transitioning from maternal-newborn and pediatric clinical experiences in the traditional clinical practice setting to immersive simulation-based education utilizing modalities of virtual simulation and evidence-based simulation activities. Results Comparisons of pre-transition to post-transition exam scores identified a significant increase post-transition (p Conclusion Comparisons of pre- and post-transition national benchmark exam scores identified preliminary evidence that replacement of hospital clinical experiences with simulation-based education is effective.
Individual Observer Differences in the Use of Form and Motion to Perceive the Actor’s Sex in Biological Motion Displays:

Recent research has shown that the perception of biological motion may be influenced by aspects of the observer’s personality. In this study, we sought to determine how participant characteristics ...
“Demonstrating Masculinity” Via Intimate Partner Aggression: The Moderating Effect of Heavy Episodic Drinking

The aim of the present study was to examine the mediational effect of masculine gender role stress on the relation between adherence to dimensions of a hegemonic masculinity and male-to-female intimate partner physical aggression. Men’s history of heavy episodic drinking was also examined as a moderator of the proposed mediation effect. A sample of 392 heterosexual men from the southeastern United States who had been in an intimate relationship within the past year completed measures of hegemonic masculine norms (i.e., status, toughness, and antifemininity), masculine gender role stress, alcohol use patterns, and intimate partner physical aggression. Results indicated that the indirect effects of adherence to the antifemininity and toughness norms on physical aggression toward female intimate partners via masculine gender role stress were significant and marginal, respectively. A significant indirect effect of status was not detected. Moreover, subsequent analyses revealed that the indirect effects of antifemininity and toughness were significant only among men with a history of heavy episodic drinking. These findings suggest that heavy episodic drinking exacerbates a gender-relevant stress pathway for intimate partner aggression among men who adhere to specific norms of masculinity. Overall, results suggest that the proximal effect of heavy episodic drinking focuses men’s attention on gender-based schemas associated with antifemininity and toughness, which facilitates partner-directed aggression as a means to demonstrate these aspects of their masculinity. Implications for the intersection between men’s adherence to specific norms of hegemonic masculinity, cognitive appraisal of gender relevant situations, and characteristic patterns of alcohol consumption are discussed.
Interdisciplinary space geodesy: challenges in the new millenium

The sphere of influence of space geodesy is ever enlarging, with impressive achievements in the last few decades in many diverse areas (such as geodynamics, planetary and atmospheric sciences, oceanography, tectonics, and ice studies). Earth system studies have made major advances with the advent of accurate space geodetic techniques with high temporal resolution and the increasing availability of complementary geophysical data. Examples include positioning at the millimeter level, enabling determination of crustal deformation and strain with unprecedented accuracy at high time resolution; water vapor monitoring via GPS; and improved gravity modeling and orbit determination, permitting an unparalleled view of the 1997–1998 ENSO event. The new millennium holds even more promise, with many planned developments, such as GOCE, GRACE, and ICESAT missions, densification of GPS networks, and the development of new technologies. This paper will highlight recent geodetic advances and their interdisciplinary impact with a vision towards the future.
Inhibition of protein synthesis by vaccinia virus: III. The effect of ultraviolet-irradiated virus on the inhibition of protein synthesis

Abstract The relationship between limited transcription and the ability of vaccinia virus to cause inhibition of protein synthesis (shutoff) was studied in HeLa cells infected with ultraviolet (uv)-irradiated vaccinia virus. Protein synthesis is shutoff, at 4 hr after infection, in cells infected with virus uv irradiated up to 9600 ergs/mm 2 , however, shutoff does not occur in cells infected with virus uv irradiated at 28,800 ergs/mm 2 . The extent of shutoff in cells infected with uv-irradiated virus is related to cytoplasmic virus-induced RNA. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis (PAGE) of the polypeptides in cells infected with uv-irradiated virus shows that no viral proteins are detected even when cells are infected with virus irradiated at the lowest dose (1920 ergs/mm 2 ). In order to determine if this loss of ability to cause shutoff by uv-irradiated virus is related to transcription or to damage to virus structural components, several morphological and biochemical properties of the virus were examined. Even with the highest dose of irradiation used (28,800 ergs/mm 2 ): (1) Virus morphology is not visibly altered. (2) Enzyme activities associated with the virus particle, such as terminal riboadenylate transferase and deoxyribonuclease (neutral and acidic) are not affected. (3) The state of the viral DNA as determined by velocity sedimentation in alkaline and neutral sucrose gradients shows that a low degree of single-stranded DNA nicks and proteins crosslinked to the viral genome are found. (4) Adsorption of uv-irradiated virus to cells is unaltered. Studies on penetration and uncoating show a conversion of subviral particle 1 to subviral particle 2 (first stage uncoating) in cells infected with virus uv irradiated up to 9600 ergs/mm 2 but not in cells infected with virus irradiated at 17,280 or 28,800 ergs/mm 2 . These data suggest that inhibition of protein synthesis is related to virus-induced RNA synthesis.
Surface flashover characteristics and optical emission analysis of nano particle cast epoxy resin

Surface flashover is one of the major issues in electrical insulation in power systems operating either in space (vacuum or partial vacuum) or atmospheric (earth-bound) environments. Development of new and advanced materials to be used in power systems requires extensive studies on electrical insulation characteristics of these materials before they can be used in commercial systems. In this paper, we present experimental results of surface flashover characteristics in partial vacuum of epoxy resin and epoxy resin cast with powdered Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/. The flashover studies were conducted using DC and AC signals separately. Surface flashover voltage and current wave forms of the samples and light emission wave form and video images during the breakdown were recorded. Optical data collected by a video camera along with the PMT light emission data are analyzed and the analysis results of the optical emission characteristics of surface flashover are presented. The samples used in the experiments were produced by using either epoxy resin of known properties or by mixing known quantities of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ with epoxy. The electrode material placed over the dielectric samples was copper.
EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON HIGH-TEMPERATURE DISSOLUTION.

The effect of pressure on high-temperature dissolution has been investigated. The solubility of NiO in Na2O-2SiO2 glass was found to decrease with applied pressure, indicating that the entry rate of atoms from a solute into a solvent is decreased by increased pressure. The saturation concentration as measured with the electron beam microprobe is an accurate measurement of the liquidus concentration for a given temperature.
Induction of tolerance in clinical kidney transplantation

Induction of donor-specific tolerance has been an ultimate goal in organ transplantation. Although numerous regimens for the induction of allograft tolerance have been developed in rodents, their application to primates has been limited. The approaches that have been successfully applied in primates can be divided into (i) use of total lymphoid irradiation, (ii) costimulatory blockade, (iii) profound depletion of recipient T cells, (iv) infusion of regulatory cells and (v) donor bone marrow (DBM) infusion/transplantation. Among these approaches, successful allograft tolerance has been achieved in clinical kidney transplantation using DBM transplantation.
Childhood ADHD is strongly associated with a broad range of psychiatric disorders during adolescence: a population-based birth cohort study

Background To evaluate associations between ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders using research-identified incident cases of ADHD and population-based controls.
Prony residual analysis for the identification of cardiac arrhythmias

An investigation into the use of Prony modeling for the identification of late potentials (LPs) from signal-averaged electrocardiograms (SAECGs) is described. We develop a noninvasive method, based on the short-time Prony modeling algorithm, to extract a diagnostic feature, dubbed the Prony residual marker (PRM), from the SAECG waveform. The PRM is used as a marker for the presence of LPs and is thus used to predict the diagnostic outcome of invasive electrophysiologic study.
Assessing foods offered in the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) using the Healthy Eating Index 2010

Objective To assess the nutritional quality of food packages offered in the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) using the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010). Design Data were collected from the list of the food products provided by the US Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrition Handbook 501 for FDPIR. Nutritional quality was measured through a cross-sectional analysis of five randomly selected food packages offered through FDPIR. HEI-2010 component and total scores were calculated for each food package. ANOVA and t tests assessed significant differences between food packages and HEI-2010 maximum scores, respectively. Setting This study took place in the USA. Subjects Study units included food products offered through FDPIR. Results The mean total HEI-2010 score for the combined FDPIR food packages was significantly lower than the total HEI-2010 maximum score of 100 (66·38 (sd 11·60); P<0·01). Mean scores for total fruit (3·52 (sd 0·73); P<0·05), total vegetables (2·58 (sd 0·15); P<0·001), greens and beans (0·92 (sd 1·00); P<0·001), dairy (5·12 (sd 0·63); P<0·001), total protein foods (4·14 (sd 0·56); P<0·05) and refined grains (3·04 (sd 2·90); P<0·001) were all significantly lower than the maximum values. Conclusions The FDPIR food package HEI-2010 score was notably higher than other federal food assistance and nutrition programmes. Study findings highlight opportunities for the FDPIR to modify its offerings to best support lifestyles towards prevention of diet-related chronic disease.
Itinerant and localized magnetism on the triangular lattice: Sodium-rich phases of Na x CoO 2

We study the interplay between correlation, itinerant ferromagnetism, and local moment formation on the electron doped triangular lattice of sodium cobaltates ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$. We find that strong correlation renormalizes the Stoner criterion and stabilizes the paramagnetic state for $xl{x}_{c}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.67$. For $xg{x}_{c}$, ferromagnetic (FM) order emerges. The enhanced Na dopant potential fluctuations play a crucial role in the sodium-rich phases and lead to an inhomogeneous FM state, exhibiting nonmagnetic ${\mathrm{Co}}^{3+}$ patches, antiferromagnetic (AF) correlated regions, and FM clusters with AF domains. Hole doping the band insulator at $x=1$ leads to the formation of local moments near the Na vacancies and AF correlated magnetic clusters. We explain recent observations by neutron, $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$, and NMR experiments on the evolution of the magnetic properties in the sodium-rich phases.
Frequency of deep venous thrombosis in asymptomatic patients with coronary artery bypass grafts

The frequency of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has not been established. Therefore to estimate the frequency of clinically silent DVT, we performed ultrasound examinations of the leg veins in 29 asymptomatic CABG patients before hospital discharge. We used high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography with color Doppler imaging. Fourteen (48.3%, 95% confidence interval 30.1 to 66.4%) had 20 documented leg vein thromboses, and all but one patient had DVT limited to the calf veins. Of the 20 thrombi 10 (50.0%) were present in the leg ipsilateral and 10 (50.0%) in the leg contralateral to the saphenous vein harvest site. None of the DVTs were suspected clinically. DVT was not associated with any local sign attributed to saphenous vein harvest such as pitting edema, incisional drainage, or local tenderness or with any putative risk factor for DVT such as cigarette use, distant history of malignancy, or varicose veins. Follow-up of these patients 5 to 11 months after CABG surgery showed no clinical evidence of DVT or pulmonary embolism. Our findings indicate that asymptomatic DVT of the calf occurs with surprisingly high frequency, 44.8% after CABG surgery. Future studies in patients undergoing CABG surgery should address the natural history of asymptomatic DVT, determine its clinical importance, and develop optimal strategies for prophylaxis and treatment.
Molecular outcome prediction in diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma.

To the Editor: Lenz et al. (Nov. 27 issue)1 report the results of an important study of gene expression and survival in patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. We reassessed the performance of a survival predictor that we had previously reported2 by applying it to the expression profiles of tumors from patients described by Lenz et al. Our model performed well in predicting overall survival in these patients, whether they were treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) or with CHOP in combination with rituximab (R-CHOP) (P<0.001) (Figure 1). Furthermore, when risk was in the model as a continuous variable, . . .
MRI Thermometry Based on PARACEST Agents

A novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) thermometry technique is demonstrated in vitro based upon the use of a PARACEST (PARAmagnetic Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer) agent. This new method takes advantage of the high concentration of bulk water (the readout signal for imaging) and the hyperfine frequency shift properties of PARACEST agents. For two prototypes, Dy(1)3+ and Eu(2)-, the chemical shifts (δ, in ppm) of the Ln3+-bound water molecules are linearly dependent on temperature (T, in °C) over the range of 20−50 °C (δ = 6.9 × T − 944.7 and δ = −0.4 × T + 64.6, respectively). This offers the exciting possibility of improving the temperature dependencies ∼690- and ∼40-fold over the most widely used water PRF thermometry (Proton Resonance Frequency: −0.01 ppm/°C).
Selenium-containing histone deacetylase inhibitors for melanoma management

Melanoma incidence and mortality rates continue to increase each year. Lack of clinically viable agents, drug combinations, effective targeted delivery approaches and success inhibiting targets in tumor tissue have made this disease one of the most difficult to treat, which makes prevention an important option for decreasing disease incidence and mortality rates. Inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDAC) is an approach currently being explored to more effectively treat melanoma but use for prevention has not been explored. In this study, novel selenium containing derivatives of the FDA approved HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) called 5-phenylcarbamoylpentyl selenocyanide (PCP-SeCN) and Bis{5-phenylcarbamoylpentyl} diselenide (B(PCP)-2Se) were created and efficacy tested for preventing early melanocytic lesion development in skin. Topical application of PCP-SeCN and B(PCP)-2Se inhibited melanocytic lesion development in laboratory-generated skin by up to 87% with negligible toxicological effect. Mechanistically, PCP-SeCN and B(PCP)-2Se inhibited HDAC activity and had new inhibitory properties by moderating Akt activity to induce cellular apoptosis as demonstrated by an increase in the sub-G₀-G₁ cell population, and cleaved caspase-3 as well as PARP levels. Furthermore, PCP-SeCN and B(PCP)-2Se inhibited cell proliferation by inhibiting cyclin D1 expression and increasing p21 levels. Thus, PCP-SeCN and B(PCP)-2Se are potential melanoma chemopreventive agents with enhanced efficacy compared with SAHA due to new PI3 kinase pathway inhibitory properties.
Disc Shedding in Rodlike and Conelike Photoreceptors of Tree Squirrels

Electron microscopic observations suggest that the rodlike and conelike photoreceptors of diurnal tree squirrels shed outer segment discs. Twenty-four hours after injection of triated L-leucine, the rodlike photoreceptors show a band of radioactivity at the base of the outer segment. The conelike photoreceptor outer segments show only a pattern of diffuse labeling. These results strongly suggest that disc shedding can occur in photoreceptor outer segments in which proteins are diffusely renewed.
A predictive model of hopefulness for adolescents.

Abstract Purpose To develop a predictive model of hopefulness using the variables of age, gender, and self-esteem among a sample of adolescents with cancer and a sample of healthy adolescents. Methods Forty-five healthy adolescents were individually matched with 45 adolescents with cancer on the basis of gender and age. Of the 90 subjects included in this study, 48 were male and 42 were female; half of the males (n =24) and half of the females (n = 21) had cancer. Perceived level of self-esteem was measured using the Coppersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI), and their degree of hopefulness was measured with the Hopefulness Scale for Adolescents (HSA). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Version 8. Results Adolescents' perceived level of self-esteem and hopefulness did not differ by gender or disease status. Patients with cancer had a significantly higher mean hopefulness score than healthy subjects ( p = .031), and those adolescents with cancer did not have a lower perceived sense of self-esteem than healthy adolescents. The correlation coefficients between SEI and HSA were statistically significant for females with cancer, r=0.723 ( p p p p = .001), disease status ( p = .005), and the interaction between self-esteem and gender ( p = .002). Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrate that hopefulness is a coping strategy used by female adolescents, both healthy and ill, that is closely related to their perceived sense of self-esteem.
Prevalence of Secondary Conditions in Veterans with Spinal Cord Injury and Their Interference with Life Activities

Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) have an increased risk of secondary conditions. In our study of 91 midwestern veterans with SCI, spasms were the most common secondary condition (70.3%) over 12 months and had the highest percentage of chronic frequency (93.8%). Other secondary conditions reported by at least 50% of participants were repetitive stress injury (51.6%) and fatigue (50.5%). When veterans reported secondary conditions, bowel problems and respiratory infections ranked highest for their interference with important activities. Prevention of secondary conditions is important to participation, which conforms to the new international classification of functioning and disability (ICIDH-2) model.
Use of electroejaculation in the treatment of ejaculatory failure secondary to diabetes mellitus.

Abstract Objectives To describe the experience of two male fertility programs using electroejaculation (EEJ) in the management of men with ejaculatory failure secondary to diabetes mellitus. Methods Twenty-nine EEJ procedures were performed in 7 diabetic men with ejaculatory failure. Results were reviewed with attention paid to sperm characteristics in both antegrade and retrograde specimens as well as pregnancy rates. Results Retrograde semen specimens retrieved from the bladder following EEJ contained a mean of 3444.5 million sperm (range 269.2 to 4996 million). Antegrade specimens contained a mean of 698.8 million sperm (range 226.8 to 1961 million). Mean sperm motility was 4% for retrograde specimens (range 0% to 11%) and 7% for antegrade specimens ( 1 % to 15%). In all but 1 case, semen specimens were used for intrauterine insemination. The total number of motile sperm contained in the processed, inseminated specimens ranged from 1 to 87.2 million. In 1 case, the sperm obtained through EEJ was used in an in vitro fertilization procedure. Conclusions EEJ can be successfully used to obtain sperm from men with ejaculatory failure due to diabetes mellitus. The procedure requires general anesthesia, and pregnancy rates after intrauterine insemination with the processed sperm are low. Advanced reproductive technologies may offer a feasible alternative, providing higher success rates with fewer procedures.
Crystal structure of glaucodot, (Co,Fe)AsS, and its relationships to marcasite and arsenopyrite

The crystal structure of glaucodot, (Co,Fe)AsS, an important member of the FeAsS-CoAsS-NiAsS system, was determined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It is orthorhombic with space group Pn21m and unit-cell parameters a = 14.158(1), b = 5.6462(4), c = 3.3196(2) A, and V = 265.37(5) A 3 . The structure is closely related to that of arsenopyrite or alloclasite, and represents a new derivative of the marcasite-type structure. The As and S atoms in glaucodot, which are ordered into six distinct sites (As1, As2, As3, S1, S2, and S3), form three types of layers [S, As, and mixed (S + As) layers] that are stacked along a in the sequence of (S + As)-(S + As)-S-(S + As)-(S + As)-As-(S + As)-(S + As)... In contrast, arsenopyrite contains the mixed (S + As) layers only and alloclasite consists of isolated S and As layers only. There are no As-As or S-S bonds in glaucodot; all dianion units are formed between S and As, like those in arsenopyrite and alloclasite. The (Co + Fe) cations in glaucodot occupy three nonequivalent octahedral sites (M1, M2, and M3), with M1(As5S), M2(As3S3), and M3(AsS5), which form three distinct edge-shared octahedral chains, A, B, and C, parallel to c, respectively. These chains are arranged along a in the sequence of A-A-B-C-C-B-A-A.... Whereas the configurations of the A and C chains are analogous to those in safflorite and marcasite, respectively, the configuration of the B chain matches that in alloclasite, leading us to propose that the M1, M2, and M3 sites are predominately occupied by Co, (Co + Fe), and Fe, respectively. Our study, together with previous observations, suggests that glaucodot is likely to have an ideal stoichiometry of (Co0.5Fe0.5)AsS, with a limited tolerance for the variation of the Co/Fe ratio.
Formation of β-D-Fructofuranosyl-α-D-ribo-hexopyranoside-3-ulose by a Micrococcus sp.

SOME time ago we described the formation of β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-ribo-hexopyranoside-3-ulose (‘ketsucrose’) from sucrose by cultures of Agrobacterium tumefaciens1. Bernaerts and De Ley, who had previously reported that hexoside-3-uloses were produced by an organism tentatively classified as an Alcaligenes sp.2, have recently confirmed our results by identifying their organism as Agrobacterium tumefaciens3. In addition, these authors state that the ability to produce such compounds as ketsucrose is limited to members of the genus Agrobacterium, and propose that this property be utilized as a diagnostic test for A. tumefaciens and A. radiobacter. We have now isolated a Micrococcus sp. from soil which converts sucrose to ketsucrose.
Quenching of high concentrations of Se(1S) produced by photolysis

Abstract We have studied experimentally the kinetics of Se(1S) produced at high densities (≈1016 cm−3) by photolyzing OCSe. The Se (1S) quenching time for atomic buffer is short (≈ 100 ns), for molecular buffers substantially longer (≈ 1μs). These effects are attributed to electron collisions.
HAEMORRHAGE DECREASES THE ANAESTHETIC REQUIREMENT FOR KETAMINE AND THIOPENTONE IN THE PIG

The anaesthetic requirements of ketamine and thiopentone were studied in eight pig littermates during normovolaemia and after haemorrhage (30% bloodloss). Four animals received ketamine and four thiopentone, and the minimal anaesthetic doses of both drugs were determined. Moderate hypovolaemia decreased the anaesthetic requirements significantly and similarly: thiopentone 33±5%; ketamine 40±5% (mean±SEM).
Multi-decadal variations in stable N isotopes of California Current zooplankton

We analyzed variations in naturally occurring δ15N in four species of zooplankton as an index of climate influences on pelagic food web structure in a major eastern boundary current ecosystem. Our analyses focused on two species of particle-grazing copepods (Calanus pacificus and Eucalanus californicus) and two species of carnivorous chaetognaths (Sagitta bierii and Sagitta euneritica), drawing on the CalCOFI zooplankton time series from both the southern and central sectors of the California Current System. We detected a significant difference between regions in average stable N isotope content of the two species of copepods, with δ15N elevated by 0.5–1.1 per mil in the southern region, but no regional differences in the isotopic content of the chaetognaths. We address climate influences over a 54-year time period, on three different time scales: interannual (dominated by ENSO), decadal, and multi-decadal. Three of four species showed evidence of an ENSO-related isotopic shift toward increased 15N during El Nino conditions. In addition, in Southern California waters, C. pacificus and S. euneritica showed elevated δ15N in the warm phase of the NE Pacific between 1978 and 1998 relative to the preceding and following time periods. When considered over the entire 5½ decades treated here, for most species there was remarkable long-term stability in stable isotope content in both southern and central California waters, despite interannual and decadal perturbations. Only E. californicus in the southern sector showed a significant downward secular trend in δ15N. Variability of δ15N in 3 species covaried with the average nitrate concentration in the mixed layer, suggesting altered nitrate utilization at the base of the food web as a primary mechanism underlying interannual changes in zooplankton isotopic content.