cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lucifer Yellow - A Robust Paracellular Permeability Marker in a Cell Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier

The blood-brain barrier BBB consists of endothelial cells that form a barrier between the systemic circulation and the brain to prevent the exchange of non-essential ions and toxic substances. Tight junctions (TJ) effectively seal the paracellular space in the monolayers resulting in an intact barrier. This study describes a LY-based fluorescence assay that can be used to determine its apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) and in turn can be used to determine the kinetics of the formation of confluent monolayers and the resulting tight junction barrier integrity in hCMEC/D3 monolayers. We further demonstrate an additional utility of this assay to determine TJ functional integrity in transfected cells. Our data from the LY Papp assay shows that the hCMEC/D3 cells seeded in a transwell setup effectively limit LY paracellular transport 7 days-post culture. As an additional utility of the presented assay, we also demonstrate that the DNA nanoparticle transfection does not alter LY paracellular transport in hCMEC/D3 monolayers.
Development of nutrition counselling resources for family medicine using the knowledge to action framework.

Background Obesity within the USA is a public health crisis. Nutrition counselling in primary care is an effective yet underutilized intervention because of both health care professional (HCP) barriers and patient barriers. Objective The purpose of this study was to: (i) identify HCP and patient perceptions, needs and barriers surrounding nutrition counselling, (ii) develop nutrition resources for HCPs and patients and (iii) assess utility of the approach. Methods Paper surveys were completed by 48 HCPs (response rate: 63.2%) and 185 patients in five family medicine clinics. Based on results, nutrition resources were developed and integrated into the electronic medical record. To assess utility, paper surveys were completed by 25 HCPs (response rate: 32.9%) after 4 weeks. Results were presented as descriptive statistics. Results Both HCPs and patients indicated that nutrition counselling is necessary to improve dietary behaviours, but barriers prevented HCPs from providing counselling and patients from improving dietary behaviours. HCPs indicated that improved patient handouts (74.5%), community nutrition classes (72.3%) and community cooking classes (63.8%) could enhance nutrition counselling. Patients identified that coupons and discounts (45.5%), sample meal plans and recipes (44.3%) and websites for recipes, grocery guides, and cooking videos (35.9%) would help them to consume a healthy diet. Patient education handouts, patient resource guides and HCP education were created. Following receipt, most HCPs (85%) indicated that the resources enhanced their nutrition counselling. Conclusions HCP and patient barriers to nutrition counselling are multiple and varied. Design and implementation of an approach tailored to stakeholders' needs have potential to improve nutrition counselling in primary care.
Modeling and Control of Satellite Formations in High Eccentricity Orbits

An analytical method has been developed to propagate the relative motion between two satellites in highly elliptic orbits. The method is kinematically exact. It maintains a high degree of accuracy even in the presence of J2 perturbations arising from the nonspherical nature of the Earth. The true anomaly of the reference satellite is treated as the independent variable, instead of time. The relative orbit kinematics is studied by using a projection onto a unit sphere. This procedure allows the relative position variables to be treated as angles that depend on the orbital element differences. Mean orbital elements are used for orbit propagation and expansions involving the powers of eccentricity are not utilized. The final results are obtained by converting the mean elements into osculating elements using Brouwer’s theory. The effect of adding short-period corrections to the mean elements is also studied. The developed analytical model and numerical optimization are employed to perform reconfiguration maneuvers by application of impulsive thrust.
Bi-doped Zirconium Alloys with Enhanced Water Oxidation Resistance

Zirconium (Zr) based cladding materials are widely used in commercial nuclear reactors and it is essential to prevent them from water oxidation to avoid serious safety issues in nuclear power plant...
A rare case of occlusive juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasias associated with lesions of the central nervous system: A cerebroretinal vasculopathy like phenotype without mutations in the TREX1 gene.

Abstract Purpose To report a rare case of bilateral occlusive juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasias associated with central nervous system lesions and renal impairment. Observations A 47-year-old woman presented to clinic with subjective vision loss in the right eye with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 20/80. Fundoscopic examination, fluorescein angiography (FA), and optical coherence tomography with adjunct angiography (OCT/OCT-A) revealed macular microhemorrhages, enlarged foveal avascular zones (FAZ), and occlusive juxtafoveal telangiectasis with pruning of the macular capillaries in both eyes. Patient subsequently developed memory loss, dizziness, nystagmus, and diplopia secondary to intermittent exotropia. She was found to have a two-millimeter aneurysm of the proximal posterior cerebellar artery along with several scattered white matter changes on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Genetic workup revealed no mutations in the TREX1 gene. With continued surveillance over 18 months, the patient's BCVA deteriorated to 20/200 OU and she developed mild renal impairment, without further CNS complications. Conclusion and importance Patients who present with vision loss secondary to occlusive juxtafoveolar telangiectasias should undergo imaging of the central nervous system (CNS) for architectural abnormalities in cerebral vasculature and white matter. Further investigation of patients with the Gass-Blodi type 3 macular telangiectasia – cerebroretinal vasculopathy phenotype is required to optimize management protocols for both retinal and CNS lesions. At this time, no interventions have demonstrated clear benefit in vision preservation or recovery.
How Starting Strategy and Network Structure Shape Problemistic Search: An Examination of Venture Capital Firms:

Building on the behavioral theory of the firm, we empirically examine how starting strategies and syndication networks can influence venture capital (VC) firms’ problemistic search. We propose that...
Carcinogenic Effect of N-Methyl-N′-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine and Fission Neutron Irradiation in Rats

Examinations were made on the carcinogenic effects of a chemical compound, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and a physical carcinogen, whole-body irradiation with fission neutrons, on the gastrointestinal tract of male albino Sprague-Dawley rats. The carcinogens were used singly and together in order to investigate their possible synergistic effects on the induction of adenocarcinomas of the stomach and small intestine. Of the 13 animals treated with the chemical, MNNG, and living more than 9 months, 9 showed gross tumors (5 gastric and 4 duodenal), confirming the high incidence of gastrointestinal carcinomas induced by MNNG in the rat. There were no gastrointestinal tumors found after neutron exposure. When the 2 carcinogens were combined, no additivity or synergism occurred. After neutron irradiation, a dental syndrome with loss of incisor teeth was observed. The effect of neutron irradiation on subgingival pathology of the teeth is being investigated.
Advances in CO2 conversion and utilization

Contents Preface 1. Synthesis and Characterization of Ferrite Materials for Thermochemical CO2 Splitting Using Concentrated Solar Energy Andrea Ambrosini, Eric N. Coker, Mark A. Rodriguez, Stephanie Livers, Lindsey R. Evans, James E. Miller, and Ellen B. Stechel 2. Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Using H2 as Reductant over Solid Base Photocatalysts Kentaro Teramura and Tsunehiro Tanaka 3. CO2 Splitting via the Solar Thermochemical Cycle Based on Zn/ZnO Redox Reactions Peter G. Loutzenhiser, Anton Meier, Daniel Gstoehl, and Aldo Steinfeld 4. Hydrothermal Conversion of CO2 into Value-Added Products: A Potential Technology for Improving Global Carbon Cycle Fangming Jin, Zhibao Huo, Xu Zeng, and Heiji Enomoto 5. Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Small Organic Molecule Fuels on Metal Catalysts Wenzhen Li 6. CO2 Chemistry at Nankai Group: Catalytic Conversion of CO2 into Value-Added Chemicals Liang-Nian He, Zhen-Zhen Yang, An-Hua Liu, and Jian Gao 7. Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane to and
The Renal Countercurrent Mechanism

The function of the kidney is to regulate the composition of the blood plasma. The plasma is the part of the blood that remains when the cells have been removed. We shall consider only the regulation of the Na + content of the blood plasma, but the reader should keep in mind that the kidney is actually regulating the concentrations of many other substances at the same time.
Hot topics in stem cells and self-renewal: 2010

In many tissues, mammalian aging is associated with a decline in the replicative and functional capacity of somatic stem cells and other self-renewing compartments. Understanding the basis of this decline is a major goal of aging research. In particular, therapeutic approaches to ameliorate or reverse the age-associated loss of stem function could be of use in clinical geriatrics. Such approaches include attempts to protect stem cells from age-promoting damage, to 'rejuvenate' stem cells through the use of pharmacologic agents that mitigate aging-induced alterations in signaling, and to replace lost stem cells through regenerative medicine approaches. Some headway has been made in each of these arenas over the last 18 months including advances in the production of donor-specific totipotent stem cells through induced pluripotency (iPS), gains in our understanding of how tumor suppressor signaling is controlled in self-renewing compartments to regulate aging, and further demonstration of extracellular 'milieu' factors that perturb stem cell function with age. This period has also been marked by the recent award of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for elucidation of telomeres and telomerase, a topic of critical importance to stem cell aging.
Gossiping About Ideas

I do not know whether Tom Wolfe has reviewed Rawls' A Theory of Justice,' and I cannot remember a serious critique of Habermas or Horkheimer in recent issues of People magazine. It is this novel intellectual form, however, which the multi-talented Bruce Ackerman refines in Reconstructing American Law.' The book's bold objective is to account for the intellectual sources responsible for the expansion of federal governmental activity since the 1930's. But Ackerman is not interested in the inherent strengths or weaknesses of the justifications for government action, nor quite in the influence of these ideas on the actual growth of government. Instead, Ackerman is concerned with how policymakers, particularly lawyers, have talked about these ideas. The subject of consequence to Ackerman is the relationship over the last fifty years between justifications for government action and the content of what Ackerman calls, variously, "law-talk,"3 "lawstuff,"4 -"legal discourse,"" "legitimated [legal] conversation," and the "new language of power."7 This unusual approach represents a new and significant synthesis of the central theme of Ackerman's scholarly work. In 1977, in the first book of the series, Private Property and the Constitution," Ackerman described two world views competing for control of modern legal culture-views which he called "ordinary observing" and "scientific policymaking." According to Ackerman, each conception sought to dominate the characterization of modern legal issues by imposing different constraints on legal language. The battle between them would determine control over "the lin-
A simulation study of the /spl omega/-k SAR algorithm for the highly squinted case with application to runway imaging

The wavenumber-domain SAR algorithm is studied for the case of a high squint angle with particular application to runway imaging from an approaching aircraft. The feasibility of using the algorithm for this application is shown by point target simulations which indicate that aberrations due to the high squint angle can be eliminated with finer interpolation in the processing.
Good Intentions, Harmful Results: Advocacy, Minerals, and the Congo Crisis

Since 2009, American advocacy organizations focusing on Africa have successfully garnered support, pressured policy makers, and secured passage of legislation aimed at ending and mitigating the effects of conflict in central and eastern Africa. But what is the effect of these successful social movements, both in terms of the policies produced and their effect on conflict-affected communities in Africa? Very little systematic research has been conducted to determine whether grassroots-driven Africa advocacy in the United States produces beneficial, harmful, or mixed results. Based on survey-based field research, interviews with advocates and policy makers, and engagement through social media with grassroots activists in the United States, I argue that advocacy narratives on conflict minerals in the DR Congo produced a policy (section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010) that has done more harm than good by destroying artisanal miners’ livelihoods and pushing armed groups to other predatory activities, is widely unpopular, and has not served US interests in the region. I contend that the DRC advocacy coalition’s lack of deep contextual knowledge of the DRC explains why this policy easily passed in Washington, but failed to improve life for the Congolese people.
Rationalizing Decision-Making: Understanding the Cost and Perception of Time

Humans, as with other animals, decide between courses of action based on the evaluation of the relative worth of expected outcomes. How outcome magnitude interacts with temporal delay, however, has yet eluded a principled understanding that reconciles the breadth of well-established behaviors in intertemporal decision-making. Here, we review the history of this endeavor to rationalize decision-making regarding the domain of time, highlighting extant theories, their limitations, and recent experimental and theoretical advances. These new advances recast long presumed deficiencies in observed decision-making behavior, not as flaws, but rather as signs of optimal decision-making under experiential constraints. This new conception naturally unites the fields of intertemporal decision-making and time perception, which have long been recognized to be interconnected but not yet unified in a formal framework.
The establishment of minority affairs offices in schools of dentistry: pros and cons

The establishment of Minority Affairs Offices in dental schools following the American Association of Medical Colleges9 model is discussed as one method of addressing the declining enrollment and compounding oral health disparities of underrepresented minorities African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans in U.S. dental schools. The pros and cons of the approach are discussed, with recommendations.
The timing of seed fall, innate dormancy, and ambient temperature in Lythrum salicaria

The timing of seed fall and the innate germinability of newly shed seeds may jointly or separately determine whether they germinate immediately upon landing on a suitable substrate or rather are dormant until a subsequent growing season. In 2 years studies, most seed fall of Lythrum salicaria occurred during a 6–8 week period beginning about early November. The seeds were released when daily average temperatures were generally <15 ◦ C, the reported threshold temperature for germination. Seeds sampled during autumn and winter exhibited enhancement of germination by storage under cold moist conditions, and this effect was most pronounced for seeds gathered early in the seed dispersal period. Seeds gathered late in the season had a fairly high immediate germinability, apparently through enhancement by winter weather. Since either dissemination phenology or innate dormancy would prevent premature seed germination in this population, the prolonged retention of loosestrife seeds on the maternal plant most likely serves primarily to effect temporally staggered dispersal.
Prandtl/Schmidt number effect on temperature distribution in a generic combustor

As a benchmarking of turbulence scalar transfer modeling, the effect of Prandtl/Schmidt number on the temperature field of a diffusion flame model combustor has been investigated. Some of the numerical results, obtained from the eddy dissipation combustion model with the turbulent Prandtl/Schmidt number varying from 0.25 to 0.85, are presented and compared with a comprehensive experimental database. It is found that the turbulent Prandtl/Schmidt number has significant effect on the predicted temperature field in the combustion chamber. This is also true for the temperature profile along the combustor wall. In contrast, its effect on the velocity field is insignificant in the range considered. With the optimized turbulent Prandtl/Schmidt number, both velocity and temperature fields can be reasonably and quantitatively predicted. For the present configuration and operating conditions, the optimal Prandtl/Schmidt number is 0.5, and lower than the typical used value of ∼0.7. This study suggests that the current method for scalar transfer modeling in turbulent reacting flows should be improved and new approaches should be developed.
Attempted eyelid closure affects intraocular pressure measurement in open-angle glaucoma patients.

Abstract PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of attempted eyelid closure on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements in normal-tension (NTG) and high-tension (HTG) open-angle glaucoma patients. DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial METHODS: Forty randomly selected eyes of 40 patients underwent corneal pachymetry and IOP measurements using both Goldmann applanation tonometry and Tono-pen XL (Mentor, Inc., Norwell, Massachusetts, USA). Intraocular pressure was measured by the same examiner holding the eyelids open, both with and without the subject simultaneously attempting forced eyelid closure. Subjects were seated during all measurements and waited 5 minutes between measurements with each instrument; the order of measurement was randomized. RESULTS: Twenty NTG and 20 HTG eyes were enrolled. The mean age was 63.0 ± 13.0 years (range, 31–80 years). The average corneal thickness was 540 ± 32 μm (range, 480–608 μm) in NTG patients and 552 ± 40 μm (range, 449–610 μm) in HTG patients ( P = .07, analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Using Goldmann applanation tonometry, IOP measurement in eyes with NTG increased by 3.9 ± 2.0 mm Hg with attempted eyelid closure ( P t test; range, 2–11 mm Hg). With the Tono-pen XL, IOP measurements increased 4.2 ± 2.7 mm Hg ( P t test; range, 1–14 mm Hg). With attempted forced eyelid closure, the Goldmann applanation measurement in eyes with HTG increased 4.1 ± 2.1 mm Hg ( P t test; range, 1–9 mm Hg). Using the Tono-pen XL, measurements increased 4.5 ± 2.0 mm Hg ( P t test; range, 2–11 mm Hg). CONCLUSION: Attempted eyelid closure during tonometry is a significant and common source of error in eyes with glaucoma and may influence the clinical management and decision-making in the treatment of NTG and HTG.
Study of silicon solar cell top and bottom grating location

The paper presents the optical power absorption simulation in a silicon solar cell utilizing single and double diffraction gratings at varying locations (depths) within the device. The solar cell under discussion consists of a rectangular top grating, P-type Si, N-type Si, a rectangular bottom grating, and a reflective material on the bottom. We use 3D finite differential time domain (FDTD) simulations to calculate the power at the solar cell PN interface at wavelengths ranging from 300nm to 1100nm. Throughout simulation, the structure of the gratings remains unchanged – only its location within the device varies, which is accomplished by varying the thickness of the P and N regions. The spectrum of incident solar light and the photo-responsivity of silicon are also took into account to obtain a total weighted power factor, allowing comparison between all simulated cases. We find an increase in weighted power absorption (compared to the non-grating case) ranging from 42% to 72% across all simulated grating locations. Overall, our simulations show that varying the location of the grating(s) changes the amount of power absorbed, and that certain device thicknesses correspond to increased power absorption and are preferred in the design.
Distributed Computing in the Modern Enterprise: Grids, SOAs, web services, and beyond

Welcome to the Alphabet Soup edition of Queue. You are about to wade into a sea of buzzwords and acronyms, but the future of enterprise computing is on the other shore.
Central Administration of Serotonin Decreases Tyrosine Hydroxylase Catalytic Activity and Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Signal Levels in the Hypothalamus of Female Rats

We investigated the effect of central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) administration on hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons and related changes in neuronal activity to circulating prolactin (PRL) levels. Ovariectomized rats were treated with either vehicle or 5-HT through a lateral ventricular cannula in one of two dose paradigms: 1) a bolus of 20 μg, with tissues taken at 30 min, or 2) the same bolus immediately followed by 20 μg/30 min via a syringe pump for 120 min, and tissues taken at 120 min. Blood samples were taken throughout experiments and plasma PRL determined by radioimmunoassay. Under both paradigms, NSD 1015, a dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) decarboxylase inhibitor (25 mg/kg intraarterially) was injected 10 min before decapitation and brain excision followed by stalk-median eminence dissection. The rate of DOPA accumulation, determined by measuring DOPA levels in the stalk-median eminence by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used as a measure of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalytic activity. Stalk-median eminence DOPA accumulation in control rats was 29.9 ± 4.2 and 28.8 ± 4,4 ng/mg protein (30 and 120 min experiments, respectively). DOPA accumulation in 5-HT-treated rats was significantly reduced (P<0.05) after 30 min to 17.8 ± 1.2 ng/mg protein, but it was similar (21.7 ± 3.9) to controls after 120 min of 5-HT infusion. 5-HT levels in the stalk-median eminence of rats treated with 5-HT were 13- to 17-fold greater than controls (16.9 to 18.5 ng/mg protein). Plasma PRL levels in both groups increased 10-fold after 5-HT treatment with a peak at 5 min, returning to baseline by 120 min. TH mRNA levels were determined by in situ hybridization in a second group of rats which were treated with the 20μg bolus and subsequent 120 min infusion of 5-HT. TH mRNA signal levels in the arcuate nucleus of control rats averaged 144 ± 21 grains/cell. After treatment with 5-HT, TH mRNA levels in the arcuate nucleus were significantly lower (P<0.0001) with 69±14 grains/cell. In a third group of rats, the effects of the 30 min 5-HT treatment on TH catalytic activity and circulating PRL levels was challenged with two 5-HT(2) receptor antagonists, LY53857 (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or ketanserin (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Neither the 5-HT-induced decrease in TH catalytic activity nor the increase in PRL was altered by pretreatment (120 min) with 5-HT(2) antagonists. These data suggest that central 5-HT is capable of decreasing TH activity and TH mRNA levels in the tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons and that the decrease in dopaminergic neuronal activity may contribute to the 5-HT-induced PRL rise. The changes in TH catalytic activity and PRL after intracerebroventricular administration of 5-HT do not appear to be mediated by 5-HT(2) receptors.
Associations of child insomnia, sleep movement, and their persistence with mental health symptoms in childhood and adolescence.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the patterns of insomnia and sleep-related movement from ages 4.5 to 9 years, their concurrent associations with mental health symptoms in childhood, and the longitudinal associations of sleep-problem persistence with mental health symptoms at ages 9 and 18 years. DESIGN: A 14-year prospective follow-up study. Assessments included maternal report on the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire at ages 4.5 and 9, and child mental health symptoms via maternal report at age 4.5, multi-informant (child, teacher, mother) report at age 9, and adolescent report at age 18. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 396 children (51% female). INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sleep problems were more common at age 4.5 than 9; symptoms of insomnia and abnormal sleep movement both had persistence rates of 9-10%. At age 4.5, insomnia was associated with hostile-aggressive and hyperactive-distractible behavior, but there were no significant associations for sleep movement. At age 9, both insomnia and sleep movement were associated with symptoms of depression, externalizing, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Insomnia persistence was associated with symptoms of depression, externalizing, and ADHD at age 9 and anxiety and externalizing at age 18; sleep- movement persistence was associated with externalizing and ADHD at age 9, and ADHD at age 18. The age 18 persistence effects for insomnia and anxiety and for sleep movement and ADHD were significant when controlling for earlier mental health. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood insomnia and sleep movement are common and associated with mental health symptoms. Their persistence from middle to late childhood predicts associations with specific types of mental health symptoms at age 18. CITATION: Armstrong JM, Ruttle PL, Klein MH, Essex MJ, Benca RM. Associations of child insomnia, sleep movement, and their persistence with mental health symptoms in childhood and adolescence. SLEEP 2014;37(5):901-909. Language: en
Directional emission from asymmetric resonant cavities

Asymmetric resonant cavities with highly noncircular but convex cross sections are predicted theoretically to have high-Q whispering gallery modes with highly anisotropic emission. We develop a ray dynamics model for the emission pattern and present numerical and experimental confirmation of the theory.
A Model for the Effect of Velocity on Erosion of N80 Steel Tubing due to the Normal Impingement of Solid Particles

As part of a combined experimental and computational study of erosion for gas and oil production conditions, a semi-empirical model has been developed to predict erosion ratio behaviors of metals due to solid particle impingement. One use of the model will be to reduce the total number of experiments needed to characterize erosion behavior. The model represents material property information associated with both the target material and the impinging particles, as well as impingement speed. Five different models are examined in terms of ability to predict erosion ratio behavior as a function of impingement speed. The model selected is based on a conservation of energy formulation and fracture mechanics considerations to predict the amount of material removed due to solid particle impingement. The resulting equation to predict the erosion ratio for a given particle size contains one unknown coefficient which is determined through comparison with experimental data. Illustrative examples are presented for data for two different sizes of glass bead solid particles in an oil carrier fluid impinging on an API (American Petroleum Institute) N80 grade steel target at an impingement angle 90 deg to the target surface. Using erosion data at one impingement speed to determine the unknown coefficient, the model was used to predict erosion behavior at a range of other speeds. Good agreement between the erosion ratio data and the values predicted by the model were found for two solid particle sizes. Recommendations for expanding the capabilities of the model are pointed out.
Theoretical study of the vertical electron affinity and ionization potentials of C3

Abstract The electron affinity and first three ionization potentials of C3 are calculated using the multiconfigurational SCF and configuration interaction methods and by Moller-Plesset perturbation theory. Whereas Koopmans' theorem and SCF calculations indicate that the first cation state is 2Πu, upon inclusion of correlation effects both the 2Σu and 2Σg cation states are found to lie lower in energy. CI calculations indicate that the ground state (2Πg) anion is stable by 1.74 eV. Allowing for the error in the calculated electron affinity of the carbon atom, C3− is estimated to be stable by 2.0 eV, in excellent agreement with the 2.05 eV value determined from recent photodetachment measurements. No excited anion states are found to be bound at the equilibrium geometry of the neutral molecule.
Estrogens and Obesity: Is It All in Our Heads?

Estrogens have preventative effects on weight gain and associated comorbidities, but the tissue-specific targets remain unknown. Here, Xu et al. (2011) demonstrate that ablation of estrogen signaling in two populations of hypothalamic neurons leads to weight gain and subsequent metabolic dysregulation and could be important target sites of estrogen actions.
Equity Sensitivity Revisited: Contrasting Unidimensional and Multidimensional Approaches

Purpose Past research has shown little support for direct relationships between equity sensitivity and various equity-relevant criteria. Recent work by Davison and Bing (J Manag Issues 20: 131–150, 2008) suggests that equity sensitivity consists of separate input- and outcome-focus dimensions and that these dimensions are associated with such criteria in an interactive fashion. The current study extends this research by theoretically strengthening and empirically testing their two-dimensional model.
A dosing system to vary pH, salinity and temperature

Abstract Construction of a dosing system to expose small aquatic organisms to varying pH and salinity under different temperature regimes is discussed. The design allows for three controlled pH levels and two salinity levels across three temperature regimes. The system is flexible and may be adapted for other experimental paradigms including pH depression, elevation or maintenance as well as use with various dilution media or “toxicants” other than salt.
Surface ozone in the White Mountains of California

Abstract Surface ozone concentrations are presented for four high-elevation sites along a north–south transect along the spine of the White Mountains and a fifth site located at lower elevation approximately 15 km to the west on the floor of the Owens Valley. The ozone data, which were collected from mid-June through mid-October of 2009, include results from two sites, White Mountain Summit (4342 m elevation) and Barcroft Station (3783 m), that are believed to be higher in elevation than any previously investigated sampling locations in North America. Average daily ozone values from the five sampling sites display similar day-to-day and week-to-week temporal fluctuations, which suggest that the sites are experiencing the same regional-scale background patterns in air quality and meteorology. Ozone concentrations increase with increasing elevation, consistent with findings from prior studies in Europe and North America. A linear elevation gradient of +0.0042 ppb m−1 is obtained for July 15–August 15, but analogous gradients for August 15–September 15 and September 15–October 15 show reduced linearity and possibly the onset of a plateau in ozone concentrations for elevations above 2000 m. Average diurnal cycle magnitudes decrease with increasing elevation, falling from ∼25–35 ppb for the Owens Valley site to ∼3–7 ppb at three of the four high-elevation sites. Diurnal cycle magnitudes decrease (or remain roughly constant) at the non-Summit sites during the progression from mid-July to mid-October, but the magnitude of the diurnal cycle at the Summit increases from ∼3 ppb to ∼7 ppb over this same time frame. This latter result is inconsistent with results from previous investigations at other alpine sites, and may indicate the presence of local, topography-influenced mixing dynamics that are unique to the White Mountains. High hourly ozone concentrations at White Mountain Summit are found to correlate with 72-hour HYSPLIT back-trajectories that reflect enhanced levels of ozone transport from polluted regions (such as the Central Valley of California) or meteorological conditions that are favorable for ozone production. Low ozone concentrations at the Summit are found to correlate with HYSPLIT back-trajectories that reflect reduced levels of ozone transport from polluted areas or meteorological conditions that are unfavorable for ozone production.
A performance tuning methodology with compiler support

We have developed an environment, based upon robust, existing, open source software, for tuning applications written using MPI, OpenMP or both. The goal of this effort, which integrates the OpenUH compiler and several popular performance tools, is to increase user productivity by providing an automated, scalable performance measurement and optimization system. In this paper we describe our environment, show how these complementary tools can work together, and illustrate the synergies possible by exploiting their individual strengths and combined interactions. We also present a methodology for performance tuning that is enabled by this environment. One of the benefits of using compiler technology in this context is that it can direct the performance measurements to capture events at different levels of granularity and help assess their importance, which we have shown to significantly reduce the measurement overheads. The compiler can also help when attempting to understand the performance results: it can supply information on how a code was translated and whether optimizations were applied. Our methodology combines two performance views of the application to find bottlenecks. The first is a high level view that focuses on OpenMP/MPI performance problems such as synchronization cost and load imbalances; the second is a low level view that focuses on hardware counter analysis with derived metrics that assess the efficiency of the code. Our experiments have shown that our approach can significantly reduce overheads for both profiling and tracing to acceptable levels and limit the number of times the application needs to be run with selected hardware counters. In this paper, we demonstrate the workings of this methodology by illustrating its use with selected NAS Parallel Benchmarks and a cloud resolving code.
The residual activity of metribuzin in soil

Summary: Resume: Zusammenfassung The residual activity of 4-ammo-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazine-5-4(H)one (metribuzin) on indicator plants in Sassafras sandy loam soil was studied. Inhibition of coleoptile. radicle and primary root development were found at 1 ppm in oat (Avena sativa L., var. Beede) and at 5 ppm in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., var. Pepino). At concentrations below 5 ppm, metribuzin stimulated the elongation of primary root and radicle in cucumber. After 46 days’ incubation. less than 1 ppm of the intact compound remained in soil without affecting the elongation of oat roots while its half life was approximately 6 days at 28deg;C incubation. L'activite residuelle de la metribuzine dans le sol L'activite residuelle de la 4-amino-6-t-butyl-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-tHazine-S-(4H)-one (metribuzine) a eteetudiee sur des plantes tests dans un sol sablo-limoneux de Sassafras. L'inhibition de la coleoptile, de la radicule et du developpement de la racine primaire a ete constatea la dose de 1 ppm pour l'avoine (Avena sativa L. var. Beede) et a 5 ppm pour le concombre (Cucumis sativus L. var. Peplno). A des concentrations inferieures a 5 ppm, la metribuzine a stimule l'elongation de la racine primaire et de la radicule du concompose. Apres 46 jours d'incubation, moins d'un ppm du compose intact restait dans le sol sans affecter l'elongation des racines d'avoine, alors que sa demi-vie a ete approximativement de 6 jours a une temperature d'incubation de 28°C. Die Residualwirkung von Metribuzin im Boden Es wurde die Rcsidualwirkung von 4-Amino-6-tert,-butyl-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5-(4H)-one (Metribuzin) an Indikalorpflanzen in Sassafras-sandigem-Lehm untersucht. Bei 1 ppm war bei Hafer (Avena sativa L., Sorte Beede) die Entwicklung der Koleoptile, der Keim- und der Primar-wurzel gehemmt und bei 5 ppm desglcichen bei Gurke (Cucumis sativus L., Sorte Pepino). Bei Konzentrationen unter 5 ppm, forderte Metribuzin bei der Gurke die Streckung der Primar- und der Keimwurzel. Nach 46 Tagen Inkubation-szeit war weniger als 1 ppm der unveranderten Verbindung im Boden, was aber das Langenwachstum der Haferwurzeln nicht beeintrachtigte. Die Halbwertzeit betrug bei 28°C ungefahr 6 Tage.
The struggle for the soul of teaching and teacher education in the USA

This paper discusses changes over the last 40 years in teacher education in the USA that have resulted in two very different strategies for improving the preparation of teachers and in substantial inequities in the distribution of the teaching force. The strengths and limitations of promoting greater deregulation and privatisation versus investing in strengthening the dominant college and university system of teacher education are discussed. A case is presented for rejecting the deregulation and privatisation agenda and for reinventing college and university-based programmes.
Immunomodulation of cellular cytotoxicity to herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy by inhibition of eicosanoid metabolism

Abstract In an effort to evaluate the relationships among pregnancy, cellular cytotoxicity and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, we conducted a series of experiments investigating: (1) the maternal cellular cytotoxic response to HSV infection as compared with non-pregnant hosts, (2) the influence of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products on cytotoxicity by selective inhibition of their metabolic pathways, and (3) the potential pregnancy-related differences in immune response to selective inhibition of eicosanoid metabolism. Indomethacin was used for cyclooxygenase blockade and nordihydroguaiaretic acid was used to evaluate lipoxygenase inhibition. In the non-infected animals no differences in cytotoxicity were observed between pregnant (1.5% ± 0.7%) and non-pregnant (4.6% ± 2.0%) groups. HSV infection increased cytotoxicity equally in both groups (pregnant: 10.6% ± 2.0% vs. non-pregnant: 14.2% ± 3.4%). Indomethacin did not significantly alter cytotoxicity in either the pregnant or the non-pregnant groups compared with controls (12.8% ± 1.8% vs. 10.6% ± 2.0% and 14.3% ± 3.9% vs. 14.2% ± 3.4%, respectively). In contrast, NDGA elicited a significant reduction in the cytotoxic response in both pregnant and non-pregnant hosts (6.2% ± 1.1% vs. 10.6% ± 2.0% and 5.7% ± 1.1% vs. 14.2% ± 3.4%, respectively). From our study we conclude that: (1) cytotoxicity is maintained at low levels in the absence of HSV infection, (2) HSV infection induces a significant augmentation in host cellular cytotoxicity, (3) pregnant and non-pregnant cytotoxic responses to HSV infection appear comparable, (4) indomethacin does not augment in vitro cytotoxicity to HSV infection and (5) NDGA suppresses cytotoxicity, providing evidence that lipoxygenase metabolites are essential to cytotoxic cell function.
DOES PULMONARY ARTERY CATHETER USE CHANGE OUTCOME? YES

This article discusses the advantages of pulmonary artery catheters, with emphasis on the Swan-Ganz catheter. Various studies and published reports confirming the efficacy of pulmonary artery catheter use are reviewed. In the author's opinion, it is evident that the Swan-Ganz catheter has withstood the test of time and scrutiny.
Silk hydrogels for sustained ocular delivery of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapeutics

Silk hydrogels were formulated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapeutics for sustained ocular drug delivery. Using silk fibroin as a vehicle for delivery, bevacizumab-loaded hydrogel formulations demonstrated sustained release of 3 months or greater in experiments in vitro as well as in vivo using an intravitreal injection model in Dutch-belted rabbits. Using both standard dose (1.25mg bevacizumab/50 μL injection) and high dose (5.0mg bevacizumab/50 μL injection) hydrogel formulations, release concentrations were achieved at day 90 that were equivalent or greater than those achieved at day 30 with the positive standard dose control (single injection (50 μL) of 1.25mg bevacizumab solution), which is estimated to be the therapeutic threshold based on the current dosage administration schedule of 1 injection/month. These gels also demonstrated signs of biodegradation after 3 months, suggesting that repeated injections may be possible (e.g., one injection every 3-6 months or longer). Due to its pharmacokinetic and biodegradation profiles, this delivery system may be used to reduce the frequency of dosing for patients currently enduring treatment using bevacizumab or other anti-VEGF therapeutics.
A CAMAC Branch Driver for the Varian 620 Series Computers

A CAMAC branch driver for the Varian 620 series computers has been designed and built by Kitt Peak National Observatory for use in several real time control and data acquisition systems currently being assembled. Its principal feature is a stack register which serves as a work area to assemble the information needed for a CAMAC cycle. The stack has sixteen levels which serve to preserve the existing status under interrupt conditions without requiring special software routines. A priority interrupt system with 23 levels and a direct memory access channel are also included. The system is self contained, needing no auxiliary support within the host computer. Highlights of the structure and general characteristics are described below.
El comercio español con América, 1650-1700

TESIS QUE VIENE A RELLENAR UNA IMPORTANTE LAGUNA HISTORIOGRAFICA PUES LOS TRABAJOS DE P. CHAUNU CONCLUYEN EN 1650 Y LA OBRA DE ANTONIO GARCIA BAQUERO SE INICIA EN 1717. EL TRABAJO ESTA ESTRUCTURADO EN DOS PARTES Y UN APENDICE. EN LA PRIMERA PARTE SE ESTUDIAN LA ORGANIZACION DEL COMERCIO DESDE SU UBICACION EN SEVILLA Y CADIZ LA POLITICA DE LA CORONA Y SU PARTICIPACION EN LOS BENEFICIOS DEL COMERCIO COLONIAL EL TRAFICO Y EL MATERIAL NAVAL Y SE HACE UN ESTUDIO DE LOS CICLOS Y TENDENCIA. LA SEGUNDA PARTE ESTA DEDICADA INTEGRAMENTE AL ESTUDIO DE LAS MERCANCIAS. PRIMERAMENTE SE ANALIZAN PORMENORIZADAMENTE LAS EXPORTACIONES; LUEGO LAS IMPORTACIONES. EL TRABAJO EN ESTE SENTIDO PRESENTA LA NOVEDAD DE DISTINGUIR EL VOLUMEN DE EXPORTACION DE LOS PUERTOS DE SEVILLA Y CADIZ; ASIMISMO SE DISTINGUEN LOS MERCADOS REGIONALES DE CONSUMO. CON LAS IMPORTANCIONES SE SIGUE UN PROCEDIMIENTO SIMILAR LO PERMITE EN CADA MOMENTO EL ANALISIS COMPARATIVO DE CADA REGION AMERICANA. UN INTERES ESPECIAL SE MUESTRA EN EL ANALISIS DE LAS IMPORTACIONES DE CAUDALES ASPEACTO QUE TAMBIEN RECIBE UN TRATAMIENTO SINGULAR POR CUANTO SE HACE DISTINCION DE LA PROCEDENCIA Y FINALIDAD.
Response to Letter by Naylor Regarding Article, “Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association”

Response: The references selected for the Guidelines are peer-reviewed papers that are representative, but not all-inclusive, with priority given to references with higher levels of evidence. We thank Dr Borja and his coauthor for alerting us to the data from trials on triflusal. These trials demonstrate the safety of triflusal, but they have not shown any superiority over aspirin …
Depression and Behavioral Manifestations of Depression in Female Survivors of the Suicide of their Significant Other and Female Survivors of Abuse

Abstract Background: Depression is one of the most commonly diagnosed and persistent psychiatric disorders among women. Women survivors of the suicide of their significant other and women survivors of abuse appear to be two groups who might likely experience depression. However, little research has been done to identify the psychological implications of both situations. Objective: The study sought to compare psychological implications, specifically depression and behavioral manifestations of depression, among female survivors of the suicide of their significant other and female survivors of abuse. Study Design: A descriptive cohort design was used. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to measure the presence and behavioral manifestations of depression. Results: The two groups of women did not differ in their overall level of depression. Both groups were moderately to severely depressed. Differences on three BDI items were found: sadness, irritability, and social withdrawal. Conclusions: Researchers have only just begun to explore and report information with respect to women's health in relation to abuse and bereavement. The presence of depression and behavioral manifestations of depression in these two groups of women (survivors of the suicide of their significant other and survivors of abuse) needs to be examined further. Subsequently, psychiatric mental-health interventions may be developed that will impact the outcomes for both groups. (J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc [2002]. 8, 27-32.)
Advertising Policies of Medical Journals: Conflicts of Interest for Journal Editors and Professional Societies

As the medical profession becomes more and more of a commercial enterprise, commentators are subjecting conflicts of interest in medicine to increasing scrutiny. However, one critical area of conflict has largely escaped discussion—the conflicts of interest raised by the advertising policies of medical journals. Moreover, when these conflicts are discussed, they are examined almost exclusively in terms of the concerns that they pose for journal editors. Yet, there is a second critical concern with journal advertising policies. The policies also create serious conflicts of interest for the professional societies that own medical journals. In this article, we will discuss the conflicts of interest that are raised for journal editors and professional societies by journal advertising policies, and we will conclude that the policies are exactly backward. Currently, medical journals rely on advertisements from pharmaceutical companies and other health-related businesses and avoid—indeed exclude—advertisements from consumer-oriented companies, like producers of automobiles, golf equipment, or jewelry. We submit that the medical journals, the medical profession, and the public would be better served if consumeroriented advertisement were preferred over health-related advertising.