cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Results of late programmed electrical stimulation and long-term electrophysiologic effects of amiodarone therapy in patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia.

Abstract Thirteen patients with refractory, recurrent, life-threatening ventricular tachycardia (VT) underwent electrophysiologic testing before and after long-term amiodarone therapy. Nine patients (69%) had coronary artery disease, 3 (23%) had nonischemic cardiomyopathy and 1 patient (8%) had mitral valve prolapse. At control electrophysiologic study, programmed electrical stimulation (PES) induced VT in all patients: sustained VT in 11 and nonsustained VT in 2 (9 beats and 31 beats). After oral loading with amiodarone, 1200 mg/day for 14 days, followed by maintenance therapy with 408 ± 20 mg/day (mean ± standard error of the mean), repeat PES at 6 ± 1.6 months revealed inducible VT in 12 of 13 patients: sustained VT in 11 and nonsustained VT (32 beats) in 1 patient. Inducible VT was suppressed in only 1 patient. Amiodarone significantly increased sinus cycle length, PR interval, QRS duration and right ventricular effective refractory period. Insignificant increases in AH, HV and QTc intervals were noted. At 24 ± 2 months, 8 patients (62%) (all with inducible VT at late PES) were free of clinical arrhythmic events (syncope or sudden death), compared with 5 patients (38%) (4 with inducible VT at late PES) with events. There were no significant differences in the induced VT cycle length, VT cycle length change, ease of inducibility or hemodynamic response to induced VT at late PES in patients with and without arrhythmic events. Thus, in patients who receive long-term amiodarone treatment, late PES does not predict clinical efficacy, the frequency of conversion from inducible VT to noninducible VT is low, and despite ventricular electrical instability as judged by late PES testing, amiodarone is clinically effective in patients at high risk.
Transforming growth factor‐β1: There is regulation beyond transcription

Since many lines of evidence suggest that expression of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene may be regulated post-transcriptionally, we examined the effect of the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of this gene on TGF-β1 expression. For this purpose, fragments of the 840-nucleotide highly GC-rich TGF-β1 5′-UTR were inserted into the 5′-UTR of the structural gene for human growth hormone driven by the simian virus 40 early promoter. A portion of the 5′-UTR of TGF-β1 mRNA spanning the sequences from +11 to + 147 was shown to inhibit growth hormone expression by as much as 22-fold. This effect was cell-specific; growth hormone production was inhibited in PC-3 human prostate adenocarcinoma and A-549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells, while no effect was seen in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, which show efficient translation of endogenous TGF-β1 mRNA. Computer analysis showed that this region of the 5′-UTR contained a stable secondary stem-loop structure spanning sequences +49 to + 76. This stem-loop region alone is sufficient to inhibit expression of the growth hormone gene, suggesting that it plays an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of TGF-β1 gene expression.
The Emotional Dog Gets Mistaken for a Possum

H. D. Saltzstein and T. Kasachkoff (2004) critique the social intuitionist model (J. Haidt, 2001), but the model they critique is a stripped-down version that should be called the “possum” model. T...
Middle school physical education physical activity quantification: a pedometer steps/min guideline.

The objective of the study was to improve physical activity (PA) surveillance of the Healthy People 2010 Objective 22:10 (i.e., 50% of the lesson time engaged in PA) by establishing a pedometer steps/min guideline to quantify time engaged in PA during physical education. A sample of 180 middle school students had their PA measured via pedometry (steps/min) and behavioral observation (PA time). Factorial analyses of variance were used to examine PA differences. Linear and logistic regression, decision accuracy, and receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) statistics were used to test steps/min cut points against the 50% PA recommendation. PA differences were not found (p > .01). Steps/min was a significant (p ≤ .01) predictor of PA time, and the binary outcome of meeting or not meeting the PA recommendation. A steps/min interval of 82–88 was an accurate indicator of the 50% PA recommendation. The ROC statistic was .97 (p ≤ .01), suggesting steps/min was an excellent discriminator of the binary outcome. Pedo...
Determination of energetic characteristics of urban-rural surfaces in the greater St. Louis area

The role of surface geographical characteristics (e.g., albedo, thermal admittance, Bowen ratio, roughness) in the partitioning of energy at the complex and heterogeneous surface of several urban and rural land-use types has been evaluated through an application of Lettau's climatonomy theory. In contrast to the more conventional approach that first specifies all appropriate surface descriptors and then uses them to define climatic features, this application of climatonomy permits the determination of select surface descriptors on the basis of the observed diurnal response of surface temperature to the observed forcing function of available solar energy. Analyses were conducted for a variety of land-use types: urban residential, urban commercial, suburban, and rural farmlands and woods. The solar forcing function and primary response function (i.e., effective surface temperature) were measured from repetitive diurnal aircraft flights over the greater St. Louis area during clear skies in August 1972. An estimate of surface roughness and subsequent parameterization of the atmospheric sensible heat flux were required for the analyses over nine selected sites. Photosynthetic and anthropogenic fluxes were not considered explicitly. The derived effective thermal admittance (square root of product of heat capacity and thermal conductivity) ranged from a minimum near 20 mly s−1/2 K−1 for urban and suburban sites to about 85 for wooded sections. The derived inverse Bowen ratio (ratio of latent to sensible heat fluxes) ranged from about 0.22 in the urban area to 2.9 for farmland.
Synthesis of the phosphoramidite derivatives of 2'deoxy-2'-C-α-methylcytidine and 2'-deoxy-2'-C-α-hydroxymethylcytidine: Analogues for chemical dissection of RNA's 2'-hydroxyl group

Oligonucleotides containing 2'-C-alpha-methyl and 2'-C-alpha-hydroxymethyl modifications enable strategies for delineation of the distinctive role fulfilled by the 2'-hydroxyl group in RNA structure and function. Synthetic routes to the phosphoramidite derivatives of 2'-deoxy-2'-C-alpha-methylcytidine (14%, 15 steps) and 2'-deoxy-2'-C-alpha-hydroxymethylcytidine (19%, 10 steps) from methyl 3,5-di-O-(4-chlorobenzyl)-alpha-d-ribofuranoside are developed.
Multivariate correlations between imagery and field measurements across scales: comparing pixel aggregation and image segmentation

To successfully use remotely-sensed data in landscape-level management, questions as to the relevance of image data to landscape patterns and optimal scales of analysis must be addressed. Object-based image analysis, segmenting images into homogeneous regions called objects, has been suggested for increasing accuracy of remotely-sensed products, but little research has gone into determining image object size with regard to scaling of ecosystem properties. We looked at how segmentation of high-resolution Ikonos and medium-resolution Landsat images into successively coarser objects affected multivariate correlations between image data and eight percent-cover measurements of a sagebrush ecosystem. We also looked at changes in correlation as imagery was aggregated into larger square pixels. We found similar canonical correlations between field and image data at the finest scales, but higher for image segmentation than pixel aggregation for both images when scale increased. For image segmentation, correlations between the canonical variables and original field variables were invariant with respect to size of the image objects, suggesting linear scaling of vegetation cover in our study system. We detected a scaling threshold with the Ikonos segmentation and confirmed with a semi-variogram of the sample data. Below the threshold interpretation of the canonical variables was consistent: scale levels differed primarily in the amount of detail portrayed. Above the threshold, meaning of the canonical variables changed. This approach proved useful for evaluating overall utility of images to address an objective, and identified scaling limits for analysis. Selection of appropriate scale for analysis will ultimately depend on the objective being considered.
Impacts of Welfare Reform on Families with Haitian Backgrounds

During 1997 and 1998 I did field work on the influences of social networks on the school experiences of children of Haitian immigrants in the Tampa Bay Area. I had many opportunities to interact regularly with children and their caregivers. Rather than living in one neighborhood, the Haitian community was dispersed in the Tampa Bay area. Welfare reform was not my research topic per se, but still I had opportunities to hear about welfare and gathered some data on the issue. Observation, participant-observation, and ethnographic interviews, mainly through visits and socializing, were strategies used to collect data. The study used social network analysis as tool for research. While I was studying participants' social networks, I met many people and made friends, even fictive kin. Perhaps especially because I am an African woman, the Haitians received me as a sister, a cousin, a daughter, an aunt, and a friend.
On the mode of action of 7-deaza-adenosine (tubercidin)

Abstract 1. 1. The adenosine analog 7-deaza-adenosine (tubercidin) is an antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces tubercidicus . It inhibits the growth of Streptococcus faecalis (8043) by 50 % at a concentration of 2 · 10 −8 M. Tubercidin was not subject to cleavage by adenosine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.2) or to deamination by adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4). The glycosidic bond of the analog was found to be stable to acid hydrolysis. 2. 2. The antibiotic served as a substrate for numerous enzymes involved in the anabolism of adenosine, as demonstrated by its incorporation into RNA and DNA, and by the formation of nicotinamide-deaza-adenine dinucleotide. Tubercidin proved to be a weak inhibitor of adenosine phosphorylase, and interfered with the phosphorylation of adenosine and AMP. 3. 3. The inhibition of the growth of S. faecalis by tubercidin was prevented by purine and pyrimidine nucleosides, ribose 5-phosphate, pyruvate, and certain amino acids. In the presence of tubercidin, growing cultures of the test organism used pyruvate instead of glucose, whereas in the absence of the antibiotic glucose served as the main source of energy. It is suggested, therefore, that the impairment of growth is due primarily to the interference of tubercidin with the utilization of glucose.
Adsorption Equilibrium of Alkanes on a High Surface Area Activated Carbon Prepared from Brazilian Coconut Shells

Adsorption equilibria of methane, ethane, and n-butane on a high surface area activated carbon prepared from Brazilian coconut shells is examined in this study. The material shows high capacities for the alkanes tested. A group-contribution theory is used to predict adsorption isotherms for all three components with very good accuracy employing one set of model parameters. The theory is also used to observe trends in isosteric heat of adsorption as a function of loading at various temperatures.
Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of a dinuclear iron nitrosyl complex with 2-mercapto-1-[2-(4-pyridyl)-ethyl]-benzimidazolyl.

Abstract A new dinuclear iron nitrosyl complex [Fe2(C14H12N3S)2(NO)4] (1) (C14H12N3S = 2-mercapto-1-[2-(4-pyridyl)-ethyl]-benzimidazolyl) has been obtained by the reaction of Fe(NO)2(CO)2 with 2-mercapto-1-[2-(4-pyridyl)-ethyl]-benzimidazole in CH3OH under moderate condition. Complex 1 was characterized by IR, UV–vis, electrochemistry and single crystal X-ray diffraction. IR spectrum displays two strong characteristic NO stretching frequencies (νNO) in solution and in solid state. Cyclic voltammetry shows one irreversible, two quasi-reversible and two reversible one-electron reductions and irreversible oxidizations. This result is consistent with the fact that complex 1 is very unstable and ready to lose NO in the air. As showing in the single crystal X-ray diffraction, complex 1 forms a “chair-shape” structure by the connections of two iron centers and S–C–N frames of benzimidazole. The dihedral angle of benzimidazole ring and 2Fe–2S plane is 73.6°. The crystal data are the following: 1, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, a = 10.43940(10) A, b = 16.0900(2) A, c = 10.13240(10) A, α = 90°, β = 111.0940(10)°, γ = 90°, V = 1587.89(3) A3, Z = 4.
Effect of curing procedures on properties of silica fume concrete

The effect of curing procedure on hardened silica fume concrete is reported. The silica fume contents were 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30% by weight of cement. The aggregate to cementitious material ratios (cement + silica fume) ranged from 1.0 to 3.8. Three different curing methods were used: steam, moist, and air curing. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, permeability, and permeable voids were determined. Steam curing was found to enhance the properties of silica fume concrete, whereas air curing exhibited adverse effects as compared to moist curing. Enhancement in the mechanical properties of silica fume concrete caused by steam curing was manifested by strength increase and permeability and permeable void volume decrease.
Transcription of ribosomal protein genes carried on F' plasmids of Escherichia coli.

The transcriptional activity of the DNA sequences coding for certain ribosomal proteins has been measured inEscherichia coli. Two partial diploid strains were isolated from matings of arecA-, argD-, aroE- recipient and an Hfr with an origin at 69.5 min. One contained an F′ element carrying the genes from 69.5 to 72.7 min including therpsL locus (72.4) and the second was diploid for the genes from 69.5 to 71.5 min but did not include any mapped ribosomal protein loci. The molecular weights of the plasmids were estimated to be 140 and 110×106 daltons, respectively. The extent of in vivo transcription of the chromosomal genes on the plasmid and the ribosomal protein mRNA fraction of the total cellular RNA were calculated from DNA-RNA liquid hybridization experiments using both DNA and RNA excess procedures. The results indicated a high degree of transcriptional activity concentrated in the ribosomal protein sequences with 83% of the F′ chromosomal sequences transcribed into mRNA products representing about 0.12% of the total cellular RNA.
TRAIL-coated leukocytes that kill cancer cells in the circulation

Metastasis through the bloodstream contributes to poor prognosis in many types of cancer. Mounting evidence implicates selectin-based adhesive interactions between cancer cells and the blood vessel wall as facilitating this process, in a manner similar to leukocyte trafficking during inflammation. Here, we describe a unique approach to target and kill colon and prostate cancer cells in the blood that causes circulating leukocytes to present the cancer-specific TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) on their surface along with E-selectin adhesion receptor. This approach, demonstrated in vitro with human blood and also in mice, mimics the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells and increases the surface area available for delivery of the receptor-mediated signal. The resulting “unnatural killer cells” hold promise as an effective means to neutralize circulating tumor cells that enter blood with the potential to form new metastases.
Direct mail response factors for an industrial service

Abstract This article addresses the lack of quantitative research on industrial services marketing communications by providing a quantitative study of a direct mail promotion for an industrial service. Prenotification, the structure of the letter, the ethnic background of the signatory, personalization, and prequalifying the respondent were tested as factors influencing the response rate in the direct mail promotion. The results are useful as baseline information for current practitioners and to provide insights for the future development of theories of marketing communications for industrial services.
Nonnutritive, Thermotactile Induction of Filial Huddling in Rat Pups

Norway rat pups, 15 days of age and older, huddle preferentially with members of their own species. This normal filial response can be reassigned, however, by altering the olfactory characteristics of the mother. The present series of experiments was designed to isolate those aspects of maternal stimulation that establish the rial huddling preferences of rat pups. Results of two-choice huddling tests indicated that daily, 4-hr exposures to a perfumed foster dam induced fiial preferences for odors associated with maternal care. Similar effects were also achieved with equal amounts of “mere exposure” (familiarization) to odors. Different kinds of odor-experience pairings were evaluated with a within-subject regime of alternating, daily exposures. It was found that preferences induced by maternal contact are stronger than those resulting from familiarization. We rejected the hypothesis that the nursing relationship is a necessary or contributory factor in the establishment of the rat’s filial attraction; preferences for odors associated with a nonlactating foster mother were as strong as those derived from maternal contact that included nutritive nursing. Contact interactions with an inanimate, warm, scented tube induced preferences as strong as those induced by maternal care. It was concluded that thermotactile stimulation during mother-young interactions induces olfactory preferences in the weanling rat. The normal natal environment of the newborn rat (Rattus norvegicus) consists of the huddle of littermates and the mother. For several weeks after birth, the pups reside in the maternal nest, where they receive periodic bouts of nutritive contact and stimulation from the dam (Ader & Grota, 1970; Leon, Croskerry, & Smith, 1978). It is from this natal environment that the rat pup emerges just a few weeks postpartum as an independent but highly gregarious creature. The rat’s affiliative bonds can be seen in the strength and specificity of its social contact or huddling behavior, which persists as a major activity throughout life. Beginning at about 2 weeks of age, the rat pup normally displays a robust preference for huddling with species members (conspecifics) over other acceptable huddling stimuli (Alberts & Brunjes, 1978). The conspecific preference is based on species odors (Alberts, 1978b; Alberts & Brunjes, 1978). Younger pups also huddle vigorously, but they are dominated by thermal stimuli and appear relatively indifferent to olfactory cues. Olfactorily guided filial huddling emerges by Day 15 (Alberts & Brunjes, 1978). Throughout this paper, the term “filial huddling” will be used to denote contact behavior that is
Inguinofemoral radiation of N0,N1 vulvar cancer may be equivalent to lymphadenectomy if proper radiation technique is used

Abstract Purpose: To update a previous retrospective study that compared inguinofemoral irradiation (N = 23) to lymphadenectomy (N = 25) for N0, NI vulvar carcinoma with more patients and longer follow-up. These results, unlike the recent randomized Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG study), suggest that radiation is a viable alternative to groin dissection, and the differences may be explained on the basis of irradiation technique. Methods and Materials: Based on a growing body of data supporting control of subclinical nodal disease with irradiation in vulvar cancer, the decision was made to offer patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva and clinically negative groins (N0, N1), either lymphadenectomy or inguinofemoral irradiation based on clinical factors. Because of the acute skin reaction and possible underdosing of deep femoral nodes with electrons as used in the GOG study, opposed photon fields to 50 Gy were used. From 1983 to 1991, 48 patients underwent a radical vulvectomy followed by either lymphadenectomy (Group 1, n=25) or inguinofemoral irradiation (Group II, n=23). Results: The actuarial nodal control was 100% in Group I and 91% in Group II ( p = 0.14). In addition, there was no difference in cause specific survival at 3 years (96% and 90%, respectively, p = 0.47). The morbidity of lymphadenectomy (Group 1) included: 16% lymphedema, 16% seromas, 44% infection, and 68% wound separation. In the irradiated patients (Group 11), 16% developed lymphedema and only 9% had a significant skin reaction. Conclusion: Based on this analysis of local control and survival with longer follow-up and more patients, irradiation of the N0, N1 inguinofemoral nodes may be a viable alternative to lymphadenectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva if proper radiation technique and dose are used. In addition, the acute and delayed morbidity of lymphadenectomy exceeds that of irradiation.
Cellular interface morphologies in directional solidification. II - The effect of grain boundaries

A singular perturbation analysis valid for small grain-boundary slopes is used with the one-sided model for solidification to show that grain boundaries introduce imperfections into the symmetry of the developing cellular interfaces which rupture the junction between the family of planar shapes and the bifurcating cellular families. Undulating interfaces are shown to develop first near grain boundaries, and to evolve with decreasing temperature gradient either by a smooth transition from the almost planar family or by a sudden jump to moderate-amplitude cellular forms, depending on the growth rate.
On the Goals of the Firm: Comment

Some years ago, in reviewing William J. Baumol's Business Behavior, Value and Growth,' I suggested that Baumol's evidence could be equally well explained by a hypothesis different from and rather more plausible than his own one of constrained sales maximization. According to Baumol, firms act to maximize sales subject to a minimum short-run profit constraint; I suggested that firms might more reasonably seek to maximize short-run profits subject to a minimum sales or market share constraint. I argued that such behavior might be a reasonable rule-of-thumb in the presence of possibly uncertain conflicts between longand short-run profit maximization. I regarded that suggestion as a reasonably interesting one and still do, although I never pursued the subject any further. I was therefore pleased to discover Dale K. Osborne's exploration of my suggestion in his recent article "On the Goals of the Firm." 2 Unfortunately, my pleasure was rather dimmed to discover first that Osborne has not, I think, adequately interpreted my suggestion, and second, that even accepting his interpretation, the principal conclusion of his paper is simply (and demonstrably) in error on its own grounds. I shall discuss the latter point first. Passing over the detailed development, Osborne summarizes the Baumol constrained sales maximization model (CSM) as: Maximize R (xy) subject to: (1) P(x,y) > K, where x is output; y is advertising expenditures; R (x,y) is total revenue; P (xy) is profit; and K is a parameter. Since (1) is supposed effective, this becomes a standard problem with first-order conditions: (2) RX + XP=0; Rg + XPv = O; P(x,y)=K, where the subscripts denote partial differentiation, and X is a Lagrangian multiplier. Since, definitionally: (3) P(x,y) = R(x,y) C(x) y
Abnormal insulin binding and membrane physical properties of a Friend erythroleukemia clone resistant to dimethylsulfoxide-induced differentiation.

Abstract We have compared insulin binding, plasma membrane fluidity, and phospholipid composition of three different Friend erythroleukemia clones, a wild type (FLC) a mutant (R3) and the revertant to wild type F +. The R3 clone is a non-differentiating DMSO-resistant clone (R3) and has altered membrane fluidity and dramatically altered insulin-binding properties. The receptor of R3 bound insulin as if it possessed a single class of low affinity receptors that lacks the property of negative cooperativity. The Scatchard plot is linear and there is no ligand-induced acceleration of dissociation. The Hill coefficient for R3 is 1, implying ‘no cooperativity’, whereas the Hill coefficient for the two DMSO-inducible clones, (FLC and F +) is 0.3, implying ‘negative cooperativity’. In addition, the insulin receptor of R3 has a decreased affinity for insulin, manifested as a 40-fold increase in the amount of insulin required to compete for half of the tracer binding (41 nM for R3 vs. 1 nM for FLC and F +). Computer-fitted Scatchard plots analyzed by the negative cooperativity model reveal that R3 has 95 000 receptor sites/cell, with a high affinity constant K e of 0.016 nM−1, and a low affinity constant, K f of 0.012 nM−1. Both DMSO-inducible clones have about 40 000 receptor sites/cell with K e of 0.11 nM−1 and K f of 0.02 nM−1. Electron spin resonance measurements with the 5-nitroxy stearate spin probe demonstrate that R3 had a more fluid plasma membrane than the FLC and F + clones. The lipid composition of R3 is different from that of the DMSO-inducible clones. The weight ratio for unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids for R3 is 2.5, and the FLC clone has a lower ratio of 1.9. These results are consistent with our earlier findings in FLC that very high membrane fluidity is associated with alterations in the binding properties of the insulin receptor.
An improved nasal prong apparatus for end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring in awake, sedated patients.

We describe and evaluate a new apparatus that monitors end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) and augments the inspired oxygen concentration in awake, sedated patients. The unit was evaluated for its effectiveness as an oxygenation device and its accuracy as a predictor of PaCO2 through the correlation of PaCO2 withPetCO2. Twenty cardiac surgical patients, physical status ASA 2–4, participated in this study. ThePetCO2 monitoring device consisted of a dual-prong nasal oxygen cannula and a 14-gauge intravenous catheter that was inserted into one limb of the oxygen supply tubing and connected to a Datex gas analyzer (Datex Instrumentation Corp, Helsinki, Finland) to measurePetCO2. The cross-over passage between the prongs was intentionally blocked with the end of a wooden-core cotton swab. The oxygen flow rates were randomly varied (2, 4, and 6 L/min) every 5 minutes, and values forPetCO2 as well as arterial blood samples for analysis of PaCO2 and PaO2 were obtained at the end of each 5-minute period. The accuracy of the system was assessed by comparing the PaCO2-PetCO2 differences (bias) at each oxygen flow rate. The ratios ofPetCO2 compared with PaCO2 were 0.98, 0.94, and 0.85, with correlation coefficients ofr=0.81, 0.85, and 0.63, respectively. The PaO2 values were 114, 154, and 183 mm Hg for the corresponding nasal oxygen flow rates of 2, 4, and 6 L/min, respectively. This study indicates that this modified nasal cannula provides supplemental oxygen adequately and yields a satisfactory reflection of the PaCO2 depending on the oxygen flow rate delivered.
Follow and Facilitate What Music Educators Can Learn From the Reggio Emilia Approach

The educational practices of the municipality of Reggio Emilia, Italy, are celebrated as among the best in the world. Inspired by this educational system, schools across America have adapted the Re...
Epoxy thiol photolatent base clearcoats: curing and formulation

Photolatent base crosslinked epoxy thiol coatings were characterized using transmission FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, and Vickers micro-hardness testing. Curing rate constants were calculated for a series of formulations with varying concentrations of photolatent-DBN, ITX (2-isopropyl thioxanthone), and BP (benzophenone), as well as varying curing times. A design of experiments demonstrated that increased UV dose had the greatest impact on increasing the curing rate of the clearcoat system. BP wt% proved to have little impact on the clearcoat curing rate, while PL-DBN and ITX exhibited minimal improvement above 2.5 wt% and 1 wt%, respectively. Vickers micro-hardness results showed that irradiation dose had no impact on the final physical properties of the clearcoat. However, a 24-h ambient post-cure proved to increase the final hardness of the clearcoat under some conditions.
In situ wear experiments in the scanning Auger spectrometer

Abstract Sliding contact experiments have been conducted in the chamber of a high resolution Auger spectrometer. A pin-on-disk wear tester has been used. The Auger surface analysis capability has been used to characterize the disk surface before and after sliding in the chamber. The effect of surface chemistry on metal transfer during sliding contact and on boundary lubrication of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) has been investigated. Hydrocarbon ‘contamination’ from fabrication of the steel disk caused an induction period during sliding in which friction was low and no transfer occurred. The contaminant was eventually worn off but transfer did not take place until the native oxide film was substantially removed also. The oxide film on the steel surface plays an essential role in the boundary lubrication process of ZDDP. A resulting iron sulfide film effectively inhibits adhesive wear. This film was found only in the wear tracks, showing that the contact stress conditions trigger the boundary film reactions.
Larval and pupal parasites ofLymantria dispar and notes on parasites of otherLymantriidae [Lep.] in Poland 1975

Larvae and pupae ofLymantria dispar (L.) were collected periodically from infestations on Linden trees at Nieborow near Skierniewice and at Alexandrowa, south of Poznan, Poland during May–July 1975. The following parasites were recovered:Braconidae: Apanteles liparidis (Bouche),A. melanoscelus (Ratzeburg),A. porthetriaeMuesebeck,Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael);Ichneumonidae: Coccygomimus instigator (F.),Hyposoter tricoloripes (Viereck),Phobocampe n. sp.,P. disparis (Viereck);Tachinidae: Blepharipa pratensis (Meigen),Blondelia nigripes (Fallen),Carcelia separata (Rondani),Compsilura concinnata (Meigen),Parasetigena silvestris (Robineau-Desvoidy),Palexorista sp. Similar but less extensive collections were made of larvae ofOrgyia antiqua (L.). These yieldedApanteles sp.,A. melanoscelus, Tramosema rostrale (Brischke),Meloborus sp.,B. nigripes andP. silvestris; larvae ofLeucoma salicis (L.) yieldedA. melanoscelus andMeteorus versicolor (Wesmael). OnlyBlondelia sp. was recovered from the few larvae ofPorthesia similis (Fuessly) collected.
Oxidative rearrangement processes in the biosynthesis of gilvocarcin V.

Gilvocarcin V (GV), an antitumor agent produced by Streptomyces griseoflavus Go 3592 and various other streptomycetes, is the most important representative of the distinct family of benzo[d]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran-6-one aryl C-glycoside antibiotics, which show excellent antitumor activity and a remarkably low toxicity. The most intriguing step of its biosynthesis is an oxidative rearrangement cascade, in which the C-5/C-6 of an angucyclinone precursor bond is broken. Although this oxidative cleavage is essential for the formation of GV's unique chromophore and for GV's biological activity, and is likely to occur similarly in the biosyntheses of other angucyclinone-derived antibiotics, such as the kinamycins and the jadomycins, it is only poorly understood. Herein we report various experiments which shed light onto this intriguing oxidative cleavage reaction. These include incorporation studies with 18O-labeled precursors and the isolation and structure determination of novel intermediates of gilvocarcin biosynthesis accumulated by mutants, in which two genes encoding monooxygenases responsible for the C-C-bond cleavage of the gilvocarcin pathway, gilOI and gilOIV, were deleted through targeted PCR.
Fluorescence-microscopy screening and next-generation sequencing: useful tools for the identification of genes involved in organelle integrity.

This protocol describes a fluorescence microscope-based screening of Arabidopsis seedlings and describes how to map recessive mutations that alter the subcellular distribution of a specific tagged fluorescent marker in the secretory pathway. Arabidopsis is a powerful biological model for genetic studies because of its genome size, generation time, and conservation of molecular mechanisms among kingdoms. The array genotyping as an approach to map the mutation in alternative to the traditional method based on molecular markers is advantageous because it is relatively faster and may allow the mapping of several mutants in a really short time frame. This method allows the identification of proteins that can influence the integrity of any organelle in plants. Here, as an example, we propose a screen to map genes important for the integrity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Our approach, however, can be easily extended to other plant cell organelles (for example see1,2), and thus represents an important step toward understanding the molecular basis governing other subcellular structures.
Learning from video: Factors influencing learners' preconceptions and invested mental effort

Explored in this article are factors that influence learners' preconceptions of television, the mental effort they invest in processing a video-based lesson, and their achievement. It is proposed that learners' preconceptions of the effort required by a medium directly influence the amount of effort they invest in processing a lesson presented through that medium, and that the amount of mental effort learners invest in a mediated lesson influences the quantity and quality of the information they gain from the lesson. Factors that influence learners' preconceptions and mental effort include the characteristics of the media, the characteristics of the task, and the characteristics of the learners. Research findings regarding learners' preconceptions of television and the mental effort expended in processing a video-based lesson are reviewed. Practical implications and issues for future research that arise from the literature are identified.
Repair Concepts as Design Constraints of a Stiffened Composite PRSEUS Panel

A design and analysis of a repair concept applicable to a stiffened thin-skin composite panel based on the Pultruded Rod Stitched Efficient Unitized Structure is presented. The concept is a bolted repair using metal components, so that it can easily be applied in the operational environment. The damage scenario considered is a midbay-to-midbay saw-cut with a severed stiffener, flange and skin. In a previous study several repair configurations were explored and their feasibility confirmed but refinement was needed. The present study revisits the problem under recently revised design requirements and broadens the suite of loading conditions considered. The repair assembly design is based on the critical tension loading condition and subsequently its robustness is verified for a pressure loading case. High fidelity modeling techniques such as mesh-independent definition of compliant fasteners, elastic-plastic material properties for metal parts and geometrically nonlinear solutions are utilized in the finite element analysis. The best repair design is introduced, its analysis results are presented and factors influencing the design are assessed and discussed.
Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing

Leaders should be a key source of ethical guidance for employees. Yet, little empirical research focuses on an ethical dimension of leadership. We propose social learning theory as a theoretical basis for understanding ethical leadership and oVer a constitutive deWnition of the ethical leadership construct. In seven interlocking studies, we investigate the viability and importance of this construct. We develop and test a new instrument to measure ethical leadership, examine the proposed connections of ethical leadership with other constructs in a nomological network, and demonstrate its predictive validity for important employee outcomes. SpeciWcally, ethical leadership is related to consideration behavior, honesty, trust in the leader, interactional fairness, socialized charismatic leadership (as measured by the idealized inXuence dimension of transformational leadership), and abusive supervision, but is not subsumed by any of these. Finally, ethical leadership predicts outcomes such as perceived eVectiveness of leaders, followers’ job satisfaction and dedication, and their willingness to report problems to management.
Lateral Force Microscopy Investigation of Surfactant-Mediated Lubrication from Aqueous Solution

Chemisorbed and deposited self-assembled films have been extensively studied in the past in terms of the lubrication induced from chain properties and interactions; however, few studies have invest...
Attribute grammars in constraint-based graphics systems

Description de deux systemes graphiques, micro COSM et IDEAL Synthetizer, et de leur implementation en termes de grammaire par attributs. Une discussion sur les avantages de l'utilisation des grammaires par attributs est proposee
The Relationship between Dysfunctional Career Thoughts and Adjustment to Disability in College Students with Learning Disabilities

This study examined the relationship between dysfunctional career thoughts and adjustment to disability among college students with learning disabilities. Data were obtained from 153 college studen...
Sharing the flower: A non-supernaturalistic theory of grace

Questioning the usual understanding of Native American religions as supernaturalistic, this study re-examines the ritual system of the Yaqui people of Arizona. First, it evaluates assumptions about the nature of religion—including God, grace, and prayer—which inform the ethnographical interpretation of Yaqui religion. Second, it reconstructs the Yaqui cosmological system and relates their complex cosmos to the traditional religious actors, the Deer Dancer and the Pascola clowns. Third it examines the master symbol, Sewa or Flower, to demonstrate that Yaqui religious logic does not correspond to the grace theory of Catholicism. Fourth, it demonstrates that flower embodies a causal system in which all religious actors, human and transcendent beings alike, achieve ritual efficacy in mutual, reciprocal acts of witnessing. Finally, the essay observes that ‘conversion’ fails to make sense of Yaqui syncretism for two related reasons. In the first place, the Yaqui neither rejected the world nor embraced a monothe...
Canonical views in procedural graphics

Canonical (three-quarter) views for procedural graphics have been advocated based on artistic practice and psychological research. This paper examines two alternate points of view: body-centered rear views, and views that place important distances across the display plane. Test subjects matched upright with overhead images of human bodies for two types of activities. The subjects' performance was measured for accuracy, confidence in making matches, and reaction time. The data suggest that, though canonical views may be optimal for illustration of objects, views that place important distances across the display plane may yield better performance for procedures involving human bodies.
Genetic Architecture of Growth Traits Revealed by Global Epistatic Interactions

Epistasis has long been recognized as fundamentally important in understanding the structure, function, and evolutionary dynamics of biological systems. Yet, little is known about how it is distributed underlying specific traits. Based on a global map of epistatic interactions in baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we show that epistasis is prevalent (∼13% increase from random expectation) and displays modular architecture among genes that underlie the same growth traits. More interestingly, our results indicate that hub genes responsible for the same growth traits tend to link epistatically with each other more frequently than random expectation. Our results provide a genome-wide perspective on the genetic architecture of growth traits in a eukaryotic organism.
On the use of the fluorescence histochemical method to estimate catecholamine content in brain.

Abstract The relationship between intensity of formaldehyde-induced catecholamine fluorescence, determined microfluorematrically, and catecholamine content, measured biochemically, has been examined in variuos regions of rat brain. Linear relationships between these two parameters were obtained in the caudate nucleus, dorsomedial hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, and internal and external layers of median eminence. Two pharmacological methods of catecholamine depletion were employed: inhibition of synthesis by α -methyl- p -tyrosine and interference with storage by reserpine. Fluorescence intensity and catecholamine content declined in a proportionate manner following either drug. The catecholamine content of single median eminence specimens was measured by an enzymatic-isotopic method. Catecholamine content of larger brain parts was measured by a fluorometric method. Both analytical methods employed could differentiate between norepinephrine and dopamine. The histochemical method did not differentiate between the two amines. It is concluded that microfluorometric evaluation of histochemical fluorescence intensity can be a useful and valid estimate of catecholamine content in certain regions of the brain.
Sterilization reversal: Results of 101 attempts

One hundred one patients underwent reversal of sterilization. Among the 79 patients with a known outcome, the successful pregnancy rate was 35%. In contrast, the tubal patency rate was 91%. An analysis of standard preoperative fertility factors failed to reveal their predictive value. Total motile sperm counts of >60 × 10 6 resulted in more successful pregnancies than counts below this number ( p ≤ 0.005). The operating microscope did not have any advantage over loupes. Patients with one tube >7 cm in length had a delivery rate of 75%, compared with 16% for those with shorter tubes ( p p ≤ 0.029). In contrast, all ectopic pregnancies were associated with a distal segment consisting only of ampulla; the risk of ectopic pregnancy after patent ampullary anastomosis was 23% ( p ≤ 0.05).
Permanently altered hippocampal structure, excitability, and inhibition after experimental status epilepticus in the rat: the "dormant basket cell" hypothesis and its possible relevance to temporal lobe epilepsy.

The relationship between an episode of status epilepticus, the resulting hippocampal pathology, and the subsequent development of pathophysiological changes possibly relevant to human cpilepsy was explored using the experimental epilepsy model of perforant path stimulation in the rat. Granule cell hyperexcitability and decreased feedforward and feedback inhibition were evident immediately after 24 hours of intermittent perforant path stimulation and persisted relatively unchanged for more than 1 year. All of the pathophysiological changes induced by perforant path stimulation were replicated in normal animals by a subconvulsive dose of bicuculline, suggesting that the permanent “epileptiform” abnormalities produced by sustained perforant path stimulation may be due to decreased GABA-mediated inhibition. Granule cell pathophysiology was seen only in animals that exhibited a loss of adjacent dentate hilar mossy cells and hilar somatostatin/neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive neurons. GABA-immunoreactive dentate basket cells survived despite the extensive loss of adjacent hilar neurons. However, Parvalbumin immunoreactivity, present normally in a subpopulation of GABA-immunoreactive dentate basket cells, was absent on the stimulated side. Whether this represents decreased parvalbumin synthesis in surviving basket cells or a loss of a specific subset of inhibitory cells is unclear. Hyperexcitability and decreased paired-pulse inhibition in response to ipsilateral perforant path stimulation were also present in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer on the previously stimulated side, despite minimal damage to CA1 pyramidal cells or interneurons. The possibility that CA1 inhibitory neurons were hypofunctional or “dormant” due to a loss of excitatory input to inhibitory cells from damaged CA3 pyramidal cells was tested by stimulating the contralateral perforant path in order to activate the same CA1 basket cells via different inputs. Contralateral stimulation evoked CA1 pyramidal cell paired-pulse inhibition immediately in the previously stimulated hippocampus. Thus, we propose the “dormant basket cell” hypothesis, which implies that despite malfunction, inhibitory systems remain intact in “epileptic” tissue and are capable of functioning if appropriately activated.
A computable error bound for matrix functionals

Abstract Many problems in applied mathematics require the evaluation of matrix functionals of the form F ( A ):= u T f ( A ) u , where A is a large symmetric matrix and u is a vector. Golub and collaborators have described how approximations of such functionals can be computed inexpensively by using the Lanczos algorithm. The present note shows that error bounds for these approximations can be computed essentially for free when bounds for derivatives of f on an interval containing the spectrum of A are available.
Electronic quenching and vibrational relaxation of no A2Σ(υ′=1 and υ′=0) by collisions with H2O

Abstract Temporally-resolved measurements of laser-induced flourescence from the A2Σ state of nitric oxide in a series of low-pressure (19, 38, and 76 torr), stoichiometric H2/O2/Ar flames were used to obtain electronic quenching and vibrational energy-transfer rates. Using a three-level rate-equation system to model the evolution of the flourescence signal from the directly excited A2Σ(υ′=1) state and the collisionally-populated A2Σ(υ′=0) state, we have determined the electronic quenching cross sections for the υ′=1 (36±2 a2) and υ′=0 (35 ± 3 a2) levels, as well as the vibrational energy transfer (υ′=1–0) cross section (1.8 ± 0.4 a2) for NO due to collisions with H2O at 1340 K. With the temperature lowered from 1340 to 1050 K, the electronic quenching cross sections remain nearly constant while the vibrational energy transfer cross section increased to 3.2±0.5 a.