cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Critlique of Source Term and Environmental Measurement at Three Mile Island

The most serious malfunction to date at an operating power reactor in the US occurred at Unit 2 of the Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Station (TMI) at 0400 est on March 28, 1979. Subsequently, between 3X and 10 x 10/sup 6/ Ci of radiogases (principally /sup 133/Xe) were released to the atmosphere from the plant vent in decreasing concentrations over the next few weeks, accompanied by abut 10 Ci of /sup 131/I. During this period, the plant's typical effluent monitors and field radiation monitoring program were unable to supply prompt and reliable radiological information. In order to provide a sufficient radioanalytical capability for the large number of in-plant and environmental samples (air, water, soil, vegetation and milk) which were obtained, the existing on-site facilities were augmented by mobile laboratories. The laboratory facilities of the Bureau of Radiological Health (BRH-PA) of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Conservation were supplemented by a nearby temporary facility for gamma analysis set up by the Department of Energy (DOE). Many environmental samples, principally of milk, were also transported to more remotely established radioanalytical laboratories of state and federal agencies.
An Outbreak of Acute Fever Among Steam Turbine Condenser Cleaners

Ten of twelve men who participated in the cleaning of an electric power steam turbine condenser clogged with freshwater sponge experienced an acute febrile illness. Two similar outbreaks have been previously described, one of which has been attributed to the Legionnaires’ Disease bacterium. Epidemiologic studies of this case showed a syndrome very similar to the two previously reported episodes. However, the exact etiology for this outbreak has not been identified. Environmental sampling was not initiated until after the cleaning was completed. Subsequent testing did not reveal any likely cause for the outbreak. The delayed onset of symptoms and the nature of the illness pointed to an infectious agent. In the absence of any suitable criteria for employee exposure evaluation, it is suggested that crews cleaning condensers under unusually dirty conditions, especially if eye or respiratory symptoms are reported, should be provided with respiratory protection.
Coexistence of superconductivity and short-range magnetic order

Thermal conductivity measurements on the La-Lu-Tb alloy system show that short-range magnetic order in the magnetic-impurity spin system does not change the superconducting properties in a substantial way. There appears to be no anomaly in the thermal conductivity at the temperature where short-range order occurs. The critical-field curves are depressed far below the prediction of the multiple-pair-breaking theories, and this seems to indicate the presence of a strong exchange-field enhancement.
Dialkylimidazole inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi sterol 14α-demethylase as anti-Chagas disease agents.

Abstract New dialkylimidazole based sterol 14α-demethylase inhibitors were prepared and tested as potential anti- Trypanosoma cruzi agents. Previous studies had identified compound 2 as the most potent and selective inhibitor against parasite cultures. In addition, animal studies had demonstrated that compound 2 is highly efficacious in the acute model of the disease. However, compound 2 has a high molecular weight and high hydrophobicity, issues addressed here. Systematic modifications were carried out at four positions on the scaffold and several inhibitors were identified which are highly potent (EC 50 T. cruzi in culture. The halogenated derivatives 36j , 36k , and 36p , display excellent activity against T. cruzi amastigotes, with reduced molecular weight and lipophilicity, and exhibit suitable physicochemical properties for an oral drug candidate.
Kinetics of the portevin-le chatelier effect in Al 6061 alloy☆

Abstract Tensile tests were performed on commercial Al 6061 alloys using a tensile system designed to minimize its mechanical resonances. Strain in the test alloys was measured with a fast-response capacitance strain transducer. Plastic strain bursts exceeding the imposed elongation rate of 0.83 μm/s were detected between 273 and 373 K. These bursts produced stress serrations of types B and C on the load-elongation curves. The magnitudes of the types B and C serrations for long aging times were found to have the same analytic dependence on stress, strain, and work hardening. The durations of the type B and C strain events obey the same Arrhenius expression with activation energy of 0.6 eV. The difference between type B and C serrations arises from the plastic deformation occurring between the abrupt strain events. The serrations are attributed to a collective motion of dislocations where the rate-controlling process is the cutting of forest dislocations by moving dislocations that have become free of segregated solutes. The disappearance of the stress serrations for T K is caused by the slowness of the segregation of solutes to momentarily arrested dislocations. The disappearance of the serrations for T > 373 K occurs because the imposed deformation rate can be accommodated by a population of solute-dragging dislocations.
Cloning, Characterization, and Heterologous Expression of Exon-4-containing Amelogenin mRNAs:

The formation of dental enamel is dependent upon amelogenins, a family of proteins constituting most of the developing enamel matrix. Depending upon the species, these enamel proteins are expressed from either one or two copies of the amelogenin gene. Each gene directs the synthesis of a variety of amelogenin isoforms through alternative splicing of their pre-mRNA transcript(s). Before the role of amelogenins in dental enamel formation can be better understood, one must know the isoforms that are secreted and their biochemical properties. Previously, we cloned and characterized 7 mouse amelogenin RNA messages generated by alternative splicing. The largest amelogenin cDNA encoded a 194-residue amelogenin isoform which was the only clone to contain the 42-nucleotide exon 4 segment. Anti-peptide antibodies raised against the derived translation of this exon revealed an unexpectedly diverse assortment of murine amelogenins, suggesting that additional spicing variants could contain the exon 4 coding region. Us...
Investigation into the erosion mechanism of salicylate‐based poly(anhydride‐esters)

Salicylate-based poly(anhydride-esters), collectively referred to as PolyAspirin, hydrolytically degrade into salicylic acid, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The variations of the poly(anhydride-ester) investigated in this article are linked by adipic acid, suberic acid, or sebacic acid. To elucidate the erosion mechanism of these polymers, water uptake, mass loss, contact angle, and changes in device thickness were monitored as a function of in vitro degradation time. The polymers examined here appeared to primarily undergo surface erosion. The adipate homopolymer absorbed the most water and therefore swelled more than the other versions of the poly(anhydride-ester). Additionally, the adipate homopolymer eroded most quickly. Increasing the length of the linker moiety decreased the driving force for hydrolysis, which prolonged the lifetime of the polymer sample.
SU-FF-J-124: The Effects of Anatomy Motion On Dose Distribution

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of respiration‐induced anatomy motion on dose distribution. Method and Materials: We have implemented a 4D Monte Carlo dose calculation system. It produces dose distribution on each of the respiratory phases. Deformable registration based on B‐spline optimization is used to register lung 4DCT data from other phases to the end‐exhalation (EEH) phase. The dose maps are then all warped to the EEH phase and time‐weighted accumulated dose distribution is computed. Dose distribution based on free‐breathing CT is also calculated to simulate the case when organ motion was not taken into account. This study presents the preliminary analysis of the DVH differences among the accumulated doses with and without registration as well as different time‐weights on one patient IMRT plan. Results: For the patient case, treatment was planned with 3 ITVs. We implemented two time‐weighting functions: 1. Dividing the respiratory cycle equally into 5 phases and summing up the dose with equal weights; 2. Accumulating the dose with 70% weight on EEH and 30% on end‐inhalation (EIH). The registration and time‐weighting functions did not make significant difference of the DVH in lungs. While the discrepancies between the two time‐weighting functions in the ITVs are small, the disparities to the free‐breathing are more prominent. For one of the 3 ITVs, 95% volume received 2.8Gy less dose than the static plan, which is more than one fraction. Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests that using 2 phases (EIH and EEH) to calculate the accumulated dose may be sufficient for estimating the effect of motion on a DVH. Respiration‐introduced organ motion may cause significant dose discrepancy, especially for tumors that have a large magnitude of motion. Hence, it is desired to incorporate the motion into dose calculation.
Exchange coupled paramagnetic molecular ions in ultraviolet irradiated potassium azide

Abstract The electron spin resonance spectra of uv irradiated KN 3 indicates that exchange coupling is occuring between some of the radicals that are produced.
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, abnormal lipoprotein metabolism, and atherosclerosis

Although diabetes mellitus is, by definition, a state of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, defects in lipoprotein metabolism are a prominent feature of the diabetic syndrome. This is particularly true of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and it is quite likely that the abnormal lipid metabolism contributes significantly to the increased morbidity and mortality from macrovascular diseases that characterize NIDDM. In this presentation, an attempt will be made to develop a coherent picture as to the pathogenesis of the defects in lipoprotein metabolism seen in patients with NIDDM, as well as to discuss some new information as to possible links between abnormal lipoprotein metabolism and the development of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Are scoop stretchers suitable for use on spine-injured patients?

Introduction: In the prehospital setting, spine-injured patients must be transferred to a spine board to immobilize the spine. This can be accomplished using both manual techniques and mechanical devices. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the scoop stretcher to limit cervical spine motion as compared to 2 commonly used manual transfer techniques. Methods: Three-dimensional angular motion generated across the C5-C6 spinal segment during execution of 2 manual transfer techniques and the application of a scoop stretcher was recorded first on cadavers with intact spines and then repeated after C5-C6 destabilization. A 3-dimensional electromagnetic tracking device was used to measure the maximum angular and linear motion produced during all test sessions. Results: Although not statistically significant, the execution of the log roll maneuver created more motion in all directions than either the lift-and-slide technique or with scoop stretcher application. The scoop stretcher and lift-and-slide techniques were able to restrict motion to a comparable degree. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the scoop stretcher to limit spinal motion in the destabilized spine is comparable or better than manual techniques currently being used by primary responders.
Fluorescence microscopy of phospholipid monolayer phase transitions.

Abstract Over many years, a detailed picture of the phase transitions in phospholipid monolayers at the air-water interface has been constructed from extensive studies of the force-area, viscoelastic and surface potential properties of phospholipid monolayers, yet the microscopic nature of the transitions has remaned obscure. Recent investigations have focused specifically on these aspects. Through the use of fluorescence microscopy, electron diffraction and X-ray scattering experiments, in combination with data obtained by classical methods, a wealth of new information regarding the properties of monolayers undergoing phase transistions has been genrated. Direct observation of fluid-solid phase coexistence at the air-water interface has been achieved with fluorescence microscopy and on solid supports with electron miscroscopy. The fluid-solid coexistence region has been studied most thoroughly to date, but regions of gas-fluid and fluid-fluid phase coexistence have also been detected. Numerous factors govern the properties of the coexistence region; however, the promiment features can be explained in terms of a competition between forces: long-range electrostatic forces and short-range attractive forces. In this review these recent experimental findings and theoretical interpretations are summarized.
Effects of perceived stress and uplifts on inflammation and coagulability

We investigated whether depressed mood and chronic hassles and uplifts predicted levels of hemostasis markers D-Dimer and type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), as well as the proinflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in 108 healthy individuals. One hundred eight African-American and Euro-American men and women were studied (58 men, 50 women; mean age = 36.5 +/- 8 years). D-Dimer, PAI-1, IL-6, and sICAM-1 plasma levels were analyzed from fasting venous blood samples. Data were analyzed via hierarchical linear regression and followed with partial correlation analysis. Regression analyses combined with partial correlation analyses suggested that increases in hassle frequency predicted elevated levels of sICAM-1 (p= .034), and increases in hassle severity predicted elevated levels of D-Dimer (p= .017). Increases in uplift intensity predicted lower levels of PAI-1 (p= .004) as well as showed a trend for decreased IL-6 (p= .069). Depressed mood did not significantly predict any dependent variable. These results were independent of sociodemographic, biological, and other related mood variables. The findings suggest that for even relatively healthy persons, increased perceptions of hassles are independently associated with greater inflammation and hypercoagulability, whereas increased perceptions of uplifts are independently associated with decreased hypercoagulability.
Optical-processor architectures for alternating-projection neural networks.

Optical-processor architectures for various forms of the alternating-projection neural network are considered. Required iteration is performed by passive optical feedback. No electronics or slow optics (e.g., phase conjugators) are used in the feedback path. The processor can be taught a new training vector by viewing it only once. If the desired outputs are trained to be either ±1, then the network can be configured to converge in one iteration.
High-Temperature Semibatch Free Radical Copolymerization of Butyl Methacrylate and Butyl Acrylate

Acrylic copolymers produced via high-temperature solution polymerization are the base resin component for many automotive coatings. These polymers are often manufactured using a semibatch starved-f...
Structures of [(CH3)4P]2CoCl4, [(CH3)4Sb]2CuCl4 and [(CH3)4Sb]2ZnBr4 and a correlation of pseudo-antifluorite [(CH3)4Pn]2MX4 salts

Abstract The room temperature structure of three members of the A2MX4 cubic antifluorite family are reported. [(CH3)4P]2CoCl4 is orthorhombic, Pnma, a=18.385(2), b=25.134(3), c=12.758(3) A, V=5895(2) A3 with Z=12. [(CH3)4Sb]2CuCl4 is cubic, F 4 3c, a=25.020(3) A with V=15,663(3) A3. [(CH3)4Sb]2ZnBr4 is also cubic, F 4 3c, a=25.977(3) A, V=17,529(4) A3 with Z=32. The structures are composed of discrete (CH3)4P+ or (CH3)4Sb+ cations and tetrahedral CoCl42−, CuCl42− or ZnBr42− anions. All three are commensurately modulated and the superspace group is subsequently assigned to (TMSb)2CuCl4 and (TMSb)2ZnBr4. The structures are correlated by an ascent of symmetry diagram with a fictional, pseudo-antifluorite Fm 3 m aristotype having ≈12.7 A axes. The previously reported room temperature structures of [(CH3)4As]2ZnCl4 and [(CH3)4As]2CoCl4, as well as the structures of their estimated, higher temperature phases, are similarly correlated.
Emerging role of the JAK-STAT pathway as a mechanism of protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury.

The discovery of ischemic preconditioning (PC) by is caused by transcriptional upregulation of cardioprotective genes leading to de novo synthesis of Murry, Reimer and Jennings in 1986 was a watershed event in the field of ischemic biology. proteins that are responsible for the preconditioned phenotype. Hence, despite the similarity of the The reasons are obvious. Ischemic PC was the first cardioprotective intervention that was found to be stimuli that evoke these two responses of the heart, the mechanisms that account for early and late reproducible, having been demonstrated in practically all experimental models tested thus far as protection are fundamentally different. The last 15 years have witnessed a phenomenal explosion of well as in humans. Furthermore, ischemic PC proved to be remarkably powerful, such that infarct research into the mechanism of early and late PC, which has resulted in numerous important size could be reduced by as much as 80–90%. One of the major developments in the history of advances. Nevertheless, the molecular basis of PC, including the signaling pathways responsible for PC was the recognition in 1993 that the ischemic stimulus elicits two temporarily distinct (and pathothis phenomenon, remains incompletely understood. physiologically different) phases of protection, an early phase that starts almost immediately after the The Janus kinases (JAKs) are a family of cytosolic tyrosine kinases that are associated with membrane stimulus but is short-lived (1–2 h) and a late phase that requires 12–24 h to appear but is much more receptors (e.g., cytokine receptors) and play a critical role in the rapid transduction of signals from sustained (72–96 h). 2,5–7 Unlike the early phase of PC, which protects only against infarction, the late the cell surface to the nucleus. These kinases are named after Janus, the Roman god of gates that was phase protects both against stunning and infarction. Because of this, and because of the vastly represented as a two-faced divinity. The rationale for this curious nomenclature is that JAKs have ‘‘two (at least 30-fold) longer duration of protection, the late phase of PC may have greater clinical relevance faces’’, consisting of the JH1 domain (the kinase domain) and the JH2 domain (the pseudokinase and applicability than the early phase. While the early phase results from rapid post-translational domain). While the JH1 domain is responsible for the catalytic activity of JAKs, the function of the modulation of pre-existing proteins, the late phase
Individual, family, and peer correlates of adolescent gambling.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the individual, family, and peer factors that correlate with adolescent gambling. High school students from three states (N = 1,846) completed an anonymous questionnaire assessing the behavior of themselves, their parents, and their peers. Participants also reported on their gambling behavior via the SOGS-RA, which was used to create five adolescent gambling groups (i.e., Non-Gamblers, Non-Problem Gamblers, At-Risk Gamblers, Problem Gamblers, and Probable Pathological Gamblers). In a discriminant function analysis using demographic, individual, family, and peer factors as potential discriminators, two functions emerged that accounted for 94% of the variance between groups. The first function was linear, with the Probable Pathological Gamblers reporting the highest level of peer and parent gambling, susceptibility to peer pressure, conduct problems, binge drinking, suicide attempts, drug use, and being male. The second function highlighted three unique qualities of individuals in the two outlying groups: Probable Pathological Gamblers and Non-Gamblers. These findings suggest that demographic, individual, family, and peer variables are all important correlates of probable pathological gambling in adolescents. Results also support the utility of a five-group classification scheme based on the SOGS-RA. The clinical implications of these results are discussed.
Ground characterization of the Wide-field Infrared Explorer (WIRE) instrument

ABSTRACT The Wide-Field Infrared Explorer (WIRE) is a small ciyogenic spaceborne infrared telescope being readied for launch inSeptember 1998 as the fifth of NASA's Small Explorers. WIRE utilizes two 128 x 128 Si:As Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs)produced by Boeing North American with a 30 cm diameter Ritchey Cretien diamond turned mirror system. This missiontakes advantage of recent advances in infrared array detector technology to provide a large sensitivity gain over previouslyflown missions. Two broad pass bands are defined for a deep pointed survey to search for protogalaxies and to study theevolution of starburst galaxies. The Space Dynamics Laboratoiy at Utah State University (SDLIUSU) used the multifunction infrared calibrator and other special purpose cryogenic equipment to perform a ground characterization ofthe WIRE instrument. The focus was verified cold with two independent measurements. Both in-band and out-of-bandRelative Spectral Response measurements were made; some sensitivity to temperature, bias voltage, and location on thelong wavelength focal plane array were found. Dark current and dark noise measurements are also reported.Keywords: infrared astronomy, small explorer missions, cryogenic space telescopes, infrared calibration, dark current,dark noise
On the use of virtual simulation in radiotherapy of the intact breast

In this paper a method of breast cancer treatment planning using virtual simulation implemented at the Department of Human Oncology at the University of Wisconsin is described. All patients in this procedure are placed in a custom vacuum mold in treatment position with both arms up to avoid collision with the CT scanner aperture. For all patients a CT scan of 5-mm-slice thickness is acquired. The ipsilateral and contralateral breast, the ipsilateral lung and the heart are delineated and a three-dimensional plan is generated that tries to minimize the dose to the ipsilateral lung and heart while ensuring adequate coverage of the affected breast. Digitally reconstructed radiographs are used to verify the patient setup on the treatment machine. 2000 American College of Medical Physics.
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Since the introduction of single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT; abbreviated SPET in Europe) techniques during the 1960s,123,124 SPECT has become a routine part of virtually every nuclear medicine department. With SPECT, by moving the gamma camera or cameras around the patient and viewing the object from at least 180°, a three-dimensional (3-D) data set can be reconstructed. When this data set is reconstructed by filtered back-projection methods, the SPECT slices are viewed in the transverse, oblique, sagittal, or coronal dimensions or can be formed, by state-of-the-art systems, into a 3-D representation of the organ surface (volume “rendered”). The significance of SPECT is that out-of-plane information is removed, not simply blurred as with earlier forms of tomography in nuclear medicine and radiology.107,108,112,145
A physical basis for Hubbert’s decline from the midpoint empirical model of oil production

Just over fifty years ago, Hubbert correctly predicted that US oil production in the lower-48 states would soon peak, despite substantially rising production at the time. Hubbert based his prediction on the empirical observation that the production rate at oil reservoirs typically follows a bell-shaped curve that peaks near the midpoint of production. We present a highly simplified physical model of oil production that gives insight into Hubbert’s success. This toy model relates the total area of active wells to future production and allows for several interesting analytical conclusions. We show analytically, contrary to intuition but consistent with historical data, the number of active wells at any given field must peak after the production rate peaks. Since oil production is pressuredriven, the toy model treats an oil reservoir as a sealed container filled with liquid oil and highly pressurized gas. A pipe extends into the container with a cross-sectional area, which represents the total area of wells and changes continuously over time. As gas expands, it forces liquid out of the container through the pipe but also drops in pressure, eventually limiting production. We assume the flow obeys Bernoulli’s principle and the gas expands isothermally, which leads to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation for the velocity of fluid exiting the container. For most reasonable choices of the area function, the differential equation requires a numerical solution. However, it is possible to specify a plausible area function for which the model yields an analytical expression for the production rate that corresponds to the bell-shaped curve used by Hubbert to predict the peak in US oil production.
The synthesis of a labile triosephosphate isomerase isozyme in human lymphoblasts and fibroblasts

Abstract Human peripheral lymphocytes contain a single electrophoretic form of triosephosphate isomerase (p I = 5.6). However, when induced to undergo blastogenesis by mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin or convanavalin A, a second isozyme (p I = 5.2) is also produced. This new isozyme is also found in human fibroblasts, but is present only in low concentrations in most other human tissues. The two isozymes were isolated from lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, and fibroblasts by isoelectric focusing, and their properties and the requirements for their synthesis were studied. The production of a new isozyme occurs concomitantly with blastogenesis and DNA synthesis, but when DNA synthesis is delayed by hydroxyurea, the appearance of the new isozyme is unaffected. The formation of the new isozyme is inhibited by actinomycin D and puromycin, and thus, appears to be dependent on both RNA and protein synthesis. Lymphocytes grown in the presence of [ 3 H]leucine synthesize the new isozyme which is isotopically labeled, and pulse-chase experiments show that the two isozymes are not interconvertible. Although the two isozymes exhibit essentially identical catalytic properties, they differ markedly with regard to their stability, with the more acidic isozyme being much more labile. The lability of the more acidic isozyme may account for its low levels in most other tissues.
Incorporating fluvial change in hydrologic simulations: a case study in coastal North Carolina

Abstract A case study of hydrologic simulations of flow from artificially drained lowlands of North Carolina shows that failure to account for change in the fluvial system can significantly influence model results. Neglecting consideration of deterioration (loss of water-carrying capacity) in artificial channels can dramatically influence estimates of discharge into sensitive estuarine waters. Major land use and resource management decisions in the region are now being debated, based on hydrologic simulations. Knowledge of artificial channel deterioration (or lack thereof) could be critical for important policy decisions. Such decisions cannot be held in abeyance until data on rates and processes of channel deterioration are available. Therefore a preliminary model of channel deterioration is presented. It is shown that a negative exponential model can describe changes in the Manning roughness coefficient after an artificial channel is excavated. Where fluvial system change could influence simulation results and the time scales of change are less than or equal to the period covered by simulation, efforts should be made to incorporate such change in modelling.
Expeditious synthesis of cis-1-methyl-2,3,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo-[3,2h]isoquinoline/[2,3-f]quinoline via azomethine ylide-alkene [3+2] cycloaddition

Expeditious syntheses of cis-1-methyl-2,3,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo-[3,2h]isoquinoline/[2,3-f]quinoline have been developed. The syntheses started with commercially available materials and afforded excellent overall yields in straightforward steps. Intramolecular azomethine ylide-alkene [3+2] cycloaddition is the key step in the construction of these pyrroloisoquinoline and pyrroloquinoline scaffolds. This route is much more atom-economic than those reported in the literature and is appropriate for scale-up synthesis.
Disparities in Stage at Diagnosis, Treatment, and Survival in Nonelderly Adult Patients With Cancer According to Insurance Status

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the association of insurance status with disease stage at presentation, treatment, and survival among the top 10 most deadly cancers using the SEER database. Patients and Methods A total of 473,722 patients age 18 to 64 years who were diagnosed with one of the 10 most deadly cancers in the SEER database from 2007 to 2010 were analyzed. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariable analyses to assess the effect of patient and tumor characteristics on cause-specific death. Results Overall, patients with non-Medicaid insurance were less likely to present with distant disease (16.9%) than those with Medicaid coverage (29.1%) or without insurance coverage (34.7%; P < .001). Patients with non-Medicaid insurance were more likely to receive cancer-directed surgery and/or radiation therapy (79.6%) compared with those with Medicaid coverage (67.9%) or without insurance coverage (62.1%; P < .001). In a Cox regression that adjusted for age, race, sex, m...
Ordinal and Cardinal Numbers

The concept of an ordinal number (or ordinal) was introduced in Section 1.7, where an ordinal was defined to be a woset (X, <) such that $$ a = \{ x \in X|x < a\} $$ for every a ∈ X. We saw that any two ordinals are either identical or else nonisomorphic (as ordered sets), and that, if X, Y are nonidentical ordinals, then either X ∈ Y or Y ∈ X. We also noted that, if (Y, <) is an ordinal, then the ordering < is just ⊂ on X, which (in the case of ordinals) is just ∈ on X. (This justifies my referring simply to X, Y above)
On Seeing Oneself as Less Self-Serving Than Others: The Ultimate Self-Serving Bias?

A common form of self-serving bias in judgment is the tendency for people to see themselves as being better than average in terms of socially desirable qualities, particularly those that are defined subjectively and that have ethical or moral overtones. A logical implication of this tendency is that people should also see themselves as being less likely than others to exhibit such a self-serving bias (Myers, 1990). This article describes two forms of a classroom demonstration designed to illustrate this effect. In both studies, students who had been informed of the research on self-serving biases in judgment nevertheless saw themselves as engaging in such distortions less often than the average person. Several contexts in which the demonstration may be useful are discussed.
Simultaneously measured lightning return stroke channel‐base current and luminosity

The time delay between lightning return stroke current and the resultant luminosity was measured for 22 return strokes in eight lightning flashes triggered by the rocket-and-wire technique during the summer of 2014 in Florida. The current-to-luminosity delay measured at the channel base at the 20% amplitude level ranged from 30 to 200 ns with an average of 90 ns and at the 50% amplitude level ranged from 30 to 180 ns with an average of 94 ns. The delays are significantly shorter than that predicted by Liang et al. (2014) from theory. The current-to-luminosity delays increase with increasing current risetime, current risetime varying from 190 ns to 570 ns, but the delay appears not to depend on the peak current value.
Registration and integration of multiple object views for 3D model construction

Automatic 3D object model construction is important in applications ranging from manufacturing to entertainment, since CAD models of existing objects may be either unavailable or unusable. We describe a prototype system for automatically registering and integrating multiple views of objects from range data. The results can then be used to construct geometric models of the objects. New techniques for handling key problems such as robust estimation of transformations relating multiple views and seamless integration of registered data to form an unbroken surface have been proposed and implemented in the system. Experimental results on real surface data acquired using a digital interferometric sensor as well as a laser range scanner demonstrate the good performance of our system.
Characterization of the 4D5Flu single‐chain antibody with a stimulus‐responsive elastin‐like peptide linker: A potential reporter of peptide linker conformation

Single-chain antibodies (scFvs) are comprised of IgG variable light and variable heavy domains tethered together by a peptide linker whose length and sequence can affect antigen binding properties. The ability to modulate antigen binding affinity through the use of environmental triggers would be of great interest for many biotechnological applications. We have characterized the antigen binding properties of an anti-fluorescein scFv, 4D5Flu, containing stimulus-responsive short elastin-like peptide linkers and nonresponsive flexible linkers. Comparison of length-matched flexible and short elastin-like peptide linkers indicates that a stimulus-responsive linker can confer stimulus-responsive control of fluorescein binding. A linker length of either six or 10 amino acids proved to have the largest thermally induced response. Similar differences in binding free energy changes indicate a common underlying mechanism of thermal responsiveness. Contrary to the thermal behavior, the effect of salt, another elastin β-turn-inducing stimulus, stabilized antigen binding in the six- and 10-amino-acid linkers such that elastin-like linkers became less stimulus-responsive as compared with flexible linkers. Again, the thermodynamic analysis indicates a common mechanism of salt responsiveness. Characterization of the room-temperature binding affinities and evidence indicating a dimeric state of the scFvs concomitantly suggest the major contribution to the stimulus-responsive behavior derives from the perturbation of interdomain associations, rather than the linker-constrained disruption of the intramolecular association. The ability to use stimulus-responsive peptide modules to exert a novel control over protein function will likely find application in the creation of allosteric antibodies and scFv-based biosensors, and as a platform to enable the evolution of new stimulus-responsive peptides.
Exploiting Data Similarity to Reduce Memory Footprints

Memory size has long limited large-scale applications on high-performance computing (HPC) systems. Since compute nodes frequently do not have swap space, physical memory often limits problem sizes. Increasing core counts per chip and power density constraints, which limit the number of DIMMs per node, have exacerbated this problem. Further, DRAM constitutes a significant portion of overall HPC system cost. Therefore, instead of adding more DRAM to the nodes, mechanisms to manage memory usage more efficiently -- preferably transparently -- could increase effective DRAM capacity and thus the benefit of multicore nodes for HPC systems. MPI application processes often exhibit significant data similarity. These data regions occupy multiple physical locations across the individual rank processes within a multicore node and thus offer a potential savings in memory capacity. These regions, primarily residing in heap, are dynamic, which makes them difficult to manage statically. Our novel memory allocation library, {\it SBLLmallocShort}, automatically identifies identical memory blocks and merges them into a single copy. Our implementation is transparent to the application and does not require any kernel modifications. Overall, we demonstrate that {\it SBLLmalloc} reduces the memory footprint of a range of MPI applications by $32.03\%$ on average and up to $60.87\%$. Further, {\it SBLLmalloc} supports problem sizes for IRS over $21.36\%$ larger than using standard memory management techniques, thus significantly increasing effective system size. Similarly, {\it SBLLmalloc} requires $43.75\%$ fewer nodes than standard memory management techniques to solve an AMG problem.
Optimal cure cycle design of a resin-fiber composite laminate

A unified computed aided design method was studied for the cure cycle design that incorporates an optimal design technique with the analytical model of a composite cure process. The preliminary results of using this proposed method for optimal cure cycle design are reported and discussed. The cure process of interest is the compression molding of a polyester which is described by a diffusion reaction system. The finite element method is employed to convert the initial boundary value problem into a set of first order differential equations which are solved simultaneously by the DE program. The equations for thermal design sensitivities are derived by using the direct differentiation method and are solved by the DE program. A recursive quadratic programming algorithm with an active set strategy called a linearization method is used to optimally design the cure cycle, subjected to the given design performance requirements. The difficulty of casting the cure cycle design process into a proper mathematical form is recognized. Various optimal design problems are formulated to address theses aspects. The optimal solutions of these formulations are compared and discussed.
The Marital Experiences of Couples Who Include a Child With Autism

We used a phenomenological qualitative approach to collect and analyze data from 10 married couples, who had a child with autism to investigate their perceptions of marital quality and to explore the factors that contribute to marital longevity. We investigated how participants described and interpreted their experience by using pattern coding to analyze the data. Several themes emerged from the data and indicated, in general, that having a child with autism has broad effects on relationship experiences, including some partners feeling more bonded over the care of their child. We discuss implications for clinicians, limitations, and potential future directions for additional research.
Structure of the microscopic theory of the hierarchical fractional quantum Hall effect.

The quantum numbers of the quasiparticles in the hierarchical fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states are derived with the use of microscopic electron wave functions. We discuss the relation between the effective theories of the hierarchical FQH effect and microscopic electronic wave functions first suggested by Haldane and Halperin. The rich internal structures (the topological orders) in the FQH states, which were first revealed in effective theory, are further confirmed by the microscopic theory.
The mythic tragedy of "Yerma"

The theme of frustrated maternity in Yerma is communicated through the imagery of the poetry which embodies the dramatic action of the play. Moreover, the imagery of this self-styled ‘poema tragico’ is not unique to Yerma, nor even to the entire literary production of Garcia Lorca. Rather, the imagery in Yerma is archetypal, just as it is in Bodas de sangre. In Yerma, however, the archetypes are expanded beyond individual symbols of physical reality to encompass the human dimension. That is, the dramatic characters of Yerma and Juan incorporate the essential archetypes in Yerma. The images of light, water, fire, earth and flowers, which are of primary importance in Bodas de sangre, are functionally dependent on the two human archetypes in Yerma. Thus, because of the interpenetrating nature of man and the cosmos in Yerma, not only the dramatic characters but also the entire dramatic action, culminating in tragedy, achieve the level of myth.
Fostering Lifelong Spellers Through Meaningful Experiences

Spelling proficiency is crucial to young students' feelings of success and an important part of overall literacy. In fact, poor performance in spelling often reduces motivation for general literacy. Unfortunately, spelling instruction is often inconsistent in elementary schools. Using Achievement Goal Theory, the authors describe how students' efforts are encouraged or discouraged based on instructional approaches and activities used to teach spelling. They outline specific research-based teaching techniques that will help to motivate all students with spelling and improve their motivation for literacy learning.
Direct estimation of Purcell factor from scatterer-induced mode splitting spectra of an optical microcavity

Scattering process in a microcavity coupled to subwavelength scatterers is investigated using synthetic nanoparticles, Erbium ions and Influenza A virions. Direct and single-shot estimation of Purcell factor is demonstrated using the scatterer-induced mode-splitting spectra.
Stability of Amphotericin B in Infusion Bottles

Intravenous solutions of amphotericin B in 5% dextrose water with or without hydrocortisone or heparin demonstrated no appreciable loss of activity when exposed to fluorescent light for up to 24 h at 25 C (room temperature).
In and Out of Chinatown: Residential Mobility and Segregation of New York City's Chinese

The best-developed theoretical model for research on minority group incorporation into society predicts gradual but progressive assimilation. This study investigates the residential patterns of Chinese residents of the New York metropolitan area, questioning whether this model adequately accounts for the differences in personal characteristics of the Chinese who live in different parts of the metropolis and for the segregation of the Chinese from other racial and ethnic groups. We conclude that socioeconomic status, marriage, and fertility operate among the Chinese, as for other groups, to promote residential location outside the Chinatown enclave. But the unique characteristics of the enclave economy, the new immigrants' kinship ties to the ethnic community, and the ethnic segmentation of the housing market jointly structure the locational pattern. This article examines the residential patterns of Chinese residents in and around New York City and addresses the following questions: (1) What is the overall degree of segregation of the Chinese from other groups? (2) To what extent are decentralization and suburbanization of the Chinese associated with lower levels of segregation? (3) What characteristics of individual householders are linked to decentralization, and toward what general processes of residential location do
A boundary element algorithm using compatible boundary displacements and tractions

With the aid of Muskhelishvili's complex plane elasticity solution representation compatible displacement and stress fields are constructed. The complex functions in these formulas are represented by Cauchy integrals, which are discretized along the boundary with the aid of complex shape functions for each boundary element. The constructed displacement and stress functions satisfy the Navier equations and the equilibrium equations, respectively. The use of fifth order complex basis functions with continuous second complex derivatives gives numerical results of high accuracy.
Collaborative co-mentored dissertations spanning institutions: influences on student development.

The Graduate Partnerships Program (GPP), established in 2000, links universities with National Institutes of Health (NIH) laboratories for predoctoral training. Several partnerships required that s...
Learned Convention and Subgame Perfect Equilibrium in an OverlappingGenerations Model with Two-Sided Altruism

This paper considers an overlapping generations model of endogenous fertility, savings and intergenerational transfers. While subgame perfect equilibrium notion is more relevent to analyze individual incentives in this set-up, due to computational complexity and lack of an appropriate equilibrium selection theory, most previous studies employed the open-loop Nash equilibrium. This paper introduces a unifying notion of equilibrium in which behaviors are guided by best responses, given a fixed convention and bounded rational expectations about other agents' behaviors. The paper provides an evolutionary process for convention based on learning. When the process converges, the limiting equilibrium is shown to be a subgame perfect equilibrium. This procedure provides a rationale for equilibrium selection and a method to compute subgame perfect equilibrium locally. Using this procedure, the paper studies the effect of a social security program on local subgame perfect equilibrium level of intergenerational transfers, fertility rate and welfare of a representative agent.
Cigarette smoking and smoking cessation among persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Abstract Purpose. To identify factors predictive of smoking cessation among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Data from the 1997 to 2002 National Health Interview Surveys were analyzed for adults at least 25 years of age with COPD using logistic regression. Results. Of the adults with COPD, 36.2% were current smokers. Of the current smokers and former smokers who had quit smoking during the past year, 22.9% reported not receiving cessation advice from a health care professional during the past year. Although half of smokers with COPD had attempted to quit during the past year, only 14.6% were successful. Attempting to quit was negatively associated with heavy drinking but positively associated with being younger and having cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and activity limitation due to lung problems. Factors predictive of successful cessation included being at least 65 years old, not being poor, and activity limitation due to lung problems. Conclusion. This study underscores t...
Using an Assessment of Learning System to Integrate Core Content across the Curriculum.

College and university programs are under increasing pressure to effectively measure and assess student performance, knowledge, and skills in their classes, majors and programs. We discuss how embracing this assessment charge can lead to a more cohesive and educational curriculum in which students and educators alike see the connections from one course to another as well as how a program’s core learning objectives map throughout the curriculum. We discuss the importance of this in today’s new reality of transfer students, online education, mega-classes and adjunct faculty. Lastly, we present an example of how we have begun to harness the reality of assessment to better integrate and harmonize an introductory course and an upper level course.