cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The FTK to Level-2 Interface Card (FLIC) for the ATLAS experiment

The Fast TracKer (FTK) to Level-2 Interface Card (FLIC) of the ATLAS FTK trigger upgrade is the final component in the FTK chain of custom electronics to connect the system to the High-Level trigger (HLT). The FTK performs full event tracking using the ATLAS Silicon detectors for every Level-1(L1) accepted event at 100 kHz. The FLIC is a custom Advanced Telecommunications Architecture (ATCA) card that interfaces the upstream FTK system with the ATLAS trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ) system, and allows for event processing on commercial PC blades, making use of the 10 Gb Ethernet full mesh ATCA backplane. The FLIC receives data on eight optical links at a bandwidth of about 1 Gbps per channel, reformats the data to the ATLAS standard record format, and performs a conversion from local to global module identifiers using look up tables stored in static RAM (SRAM). After processing, the event records are sent out to the TDAQ system using the simple link interface (S-LINK) protocol at 2 Gbps. The data processing is handled in two Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGAs, with two additional Virtex-6 FPGAs communicating with the processor blades over the ATCA backplane. The four FPGAs are connected via a full internal mesh of high speed GTX lines. This paper reports the design goals, implementation, and testing results of the FLIC.
Warren Buffett’s Celebrity, Epideictic Ethos, and Neoliberal Humanitarianism

Billionaire Warren Buffett’s rhetorical agency seemingly challenges neoliberalism. His public statements supporting tax increases on the rich and carrying for the poor seemingly denounce free-market capitalism. But Meister and Platt convincingly argue that Buffett’s rhetorical agency bolsters neoliberalism rather than opposing it. Grounding their analysis in epideictic ethos and celebrity status, Meister and Platt argue that Buffett symbolizes both wealth earned and the self-restraint to retain it, exemplifying neoliberalism as a system that maintains wealth among the wealthy. Buffett’s rhetorical agency fuses epideictic ethos with philanthropic celebrity; a type of neoliberal humanitarianism that ultimately protects wealth, fosters elitism, and champions wider social and economic distinctions.
A Test of the Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model among Ethnic Minority Youth

Perfectionistic self-presentation (PSP) has been identified as a vulnerability factor in the development of depressive disorders during early adolescence. The Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model (PSDM) offers a theoretical framework suggesting PSP leads to depressive symptoms via interpersonal problems and social disconnection. Previous studies have supported the role of social disconnection as a mediator in the relation between PSP and suicidal ideation, but have not evaluated interpersonal problems in the model. Furthermore, the generalizability of the model has not been established for community and ethnic minority samples. Using cross-sectional data, the present study addresses these gaps by evaluating the PSDM and including social anxiety and loneliness as indicators of interpersonal problems and social disconnection, respectively, as predictors of youth depressive symptoms. The sample includes 289 (51.2% females) predominately low income and Latino and African American youth in fifth through seventh grade in three public schools. As predicted, social anxiety mediates the relationship between both PSP and loneliness and PSP and depressive symptoms. Moreover, mediational analyses indicate that social anxiety accounts for the relation between PSP and depression. Consistent with the PSDM model, the relationship between PSP and youth depressive symptoms is mediated sequentially through both social anxiety and loneliness, but primarily among the Latino sample.
Partial Tonsillectomy: Content and Readability of Online Health Information

Objectives:Evaluate the content and readability of health information regarding partial tonsillectomy.Methods:A web search was performed using the term partial tonsillectomy in Google, Yahoo!, and ...
Health Care Law [2010]

The past Survey year was one of incremental change in the health-law arena. As usual in odd-numbered years, the most significant change in law came out of the Texas legislature, although the agencies and Texas Supreme Court made their own notable contributions, particularly with respect to telemedicine, hospital districts’ liability for indigent health care, and the use of physician extenders. Every two years the legislature spends six months considering hundreds upon hundreds of bills dealing with public health, health care providers of every type, patient issues, and taxation and liability rules that shape the delivery of health care services within the state of Texas. As this past Survey year illustrates, we are increasingly challenged to develop statutory responses to keep up with technological, medical, and political developments. Telemedicine, to take but one example from this past year, is a fast-moving field in which business practices change faster than many full-time legislatures can respond.With the passage of a sweeping federal health care reform law in 2010, and the promulgation of well over 1,000 implementing regulations over the next four years, the need for speed as well as thoughtful deliberation will pose major challenges to state law-makers.
Basic Concepts in Human Molecular Genetics

Publisher Summary Molecular genetics is concerned with the analysis of human nucleic acids as they relate to disease. It is intimately tied to molecular and cell biology and the central paradigm of molecular biology—that genes code for proteins. Thus, it is through the analysis of genes that insight into the genesis of protein malfunction can be achieved. Such examination specifically entails an assessment of how the DNA sequence of a gene compares with its wild-type or normal sequence. Ultimately, protein malfunctions related to gene mutations lead to organ dysfunction and disease states. This chapter reviews the fundamentals of molecular genetics and the concepts intrinsic to molecular genetics. It discusses the molecular structure of DNA, DNA transcription, protein translation, molecular pathology, DNA replication, and DNA repair mechanisms. It also provides a basic overview of transmission genetics and highlights the relationship between genes, proteins, and phenotype and includes rationale for molecular genetic testing. The chapter further reviews the allelic heterogeneity and corresponding choice of analytical methodology.
Implicit Taxes in High Dividend Yield Stocks

Implicit taxes reflect the extent (if any) to which tax-favored assets bear lower pretax returns than do tax-disfavored assets of similar risk. Prior research on implicit taxes has met with mixed results, particularly in equity securities, because of the difficulty in separating tax effects from effects caused by cross-sectional differences in risk. We avoid problems of risk by essentially comparing each security to itself before and after an unexpected change in the manner in which dividends are taxed to corporate investors. We find strong evidence of implicit taxes in preferred stocks. Extensive testing using the same event date indicates that no similar implicit tax effect exists in common stocks.
A technological pedagogical content knowledge based instructional design model: a third version implementation study in a technology integration course

This paper presents the third version of a technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) based instructional design model that incorporates the distinctive, transformative, and integrative views of TPACK into a comprehensive actionable framework. Strategies of relating TPACK domains to real-life learning experiences, role-playing, and teachers as designers were developed based on the three views and integrated into the third version of the model. The model was then applied in a teacher education undergraduate course on technology integration. A case study approach was used. Data were collected from the participants’ discussion worksheets, lesson designs, and the researchers’ field observation notes. Data analysis results suggest that the strategies integrated into the model helped the participants deepen their understanding of student-centered technology applications and practice TPACK. Findings, implications, and future research possibilities are discussed.
The scientific questions and technological opportunities of flash sintering: From a case study of ZnO to other ceramics

Abstract This viewpoint article critically assesses several scientific and technological questions regarding flash sintering: (1) How does a flash start? (2) What are the possible mechanisms of rapid densifications? (3) What are the electric field/current/potential effects? (4) Can we drastically reduce the flash temperature (or even start a flash at room temperature)? (5) Can we control the microstructures (e.g., fabricate dense nanocrystalline ceramics) by manipulating the electric field/current profile? ZnO is discussed as an examplar but other materials are also critically reviewed. New results of both ZnO and Y2O3-statabilized ZrO2 are presented. Open scientific questions and new technological opportunities are discussed.
Fragile states and the territory conundrum to countering violent nonstate actors

The concept of controlling territorial space informs Western conventions of counterinsurgency and counterterrorism. The Islamic State surprised the West when it recently captured dozens of cities a...
Predicting Dynamical Crime Distribution From Environmental and Social Influences

Understanding how social and environmental factors contribute to the spatio-temporal distribution of criminal activities is a fundamental question in modern criminology. Thanks to the development of statistical techniques such as Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM), it is possible to evaluate precisely the criminogenic contribution of environmental features to a given location. However, the role of social information in shaping the distribution of criminal acts is largely understudied by the criminological research literature. In this paper we investigate the existence of spatio-temporal correlations between successive robbery events, after controlling for environmental influences as estimated by RTM. We begin by showing that a robbery event increases the likelihood of future robberies at and in the neighborhood of its location. This event-dependent influence decreases exponentially with time and as an inverse function of the distance to the original event. We then combine event-dependence and environmental influences in a simulation model to predict robbery patterns at the scale of a large city (Newark, NJ). We show that this model significantly improves upon the predictions of RTM alone and of a model taking into account event-dependence only when tested against real data that were not used to calibrate either model. We conclude that combining risk from exposure (past event) and vulnerability (environment) when modeling crime distribution can improve crime suppression and prevention efforts by providing more accurate forecasting of the most likely locations of criminal events.
Widespread Myofascial Dysfunction and Regional Sensitization in Women with Endometriosis-associated Chronic Pelvic Pain (P2.096)

Objective: To assess myofascial dysfunction and sensitization beyond the pelvis in women with endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain (endo-CPP). Background: Despite optimal surgical/hormonal treatment, some women with endometriosis continue to have chronic pelvic pain (endo-CPP). Co-morbid non-pelvic pain and sensitization have rarely been assessed in this population. We systematically assessed the presence and distribution of pain and myofascial dysfunction in women with endo-CPP. Design/Methods: Women (18–50 years) with endo-CPP after optimized surgical/hormonal treatment were evaluated. Participants underwent gynecologic examination of pelvic floor tenderness/spasm. Neuromusculoskeletal examination included assessment of paraspinal tactile allodynia and hyperalgesia and of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in 13 regions bilaterally. Pressure-pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured over interspinous ligaments and myofascial trigger points. Results: 12 participants with endo-CPP for a median of 13 years (range 3–20) were evaluated. All endorsed the pelvic floor as the main focus of pain, which was described as focal in 8/12. All had pelvic floor muscle spasm on gyn examination. All women had widespread myofascial dysfunction with MTrPs in at least 20 of 26 regions assessed. Low PPTs were found over interspinous ligaments in 9/12 women. Spinal segmental sensitization (allodynia and hyperalgesia) was present in 7/12 subjects. Thoracic spinal sensitization was present in 8/12 women and spinal sensitization related to the pelvic region in 7/12. While cervical sensitization was detected in only 1/12, 7/12 reported recurrent, severe headaches and 9/12 experienced orofacial pain. Conclusions: Women with endo-CPP have myofascial dysfunction beyond the pelvic focus of pain, demonstrated by widespread diffuse and regional allodynia, hyperalgesia, MTrPs, and lowered PPTs, likely reflecting central sensitization. Sensitization may be initiated and maintained by pelvic floor spasm and may account for pain persisting after resection of endometriosis lesions and despite continued use of hormonal treatment. These diffuse and focal manifestations warrant consideration in management of pain in this population. Study Supported by: NIH Intramural Research Program Disclosure: Dr. Karp has received research support from Allergan, Merz. Dr. Tandon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sinaii has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Aredo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stratton has nothing to disclose.
Tracking the time course of individuals' perception and production of coarticulated speech

Pioneering research by James J. Jenkins and colleagues has demonstrated the importance for speech perception of the dynamic information specified across the syllable. Collaborative work in our lab builds on this tradition of studying listeners' use of dynamic information by investigating perception of coarticulatory information as it unfolds in real time. We are currently studying listener-specific strategies for attending to coarticulatory dynamics, and are asking whether these strategies are linked to that individual's own production patterns. I will report the results of experiments that test the hypothesis that individuals who attend to coarticulatory information especially closely in perception also produce more consistent and extensive coarticulation. The perceptual measure is the time course of participants' use of coarticulated vowel nasality in CVNC words as measured via eye tracking; the production measure is the time course of these participants' nasal airflow while producing CVNC words. Result...
Catalytic Cyclopropanol Ring Opening for Divergent Syntheses of γ-Butyrolactones and δ-Ketoesters Containing All-Carbon Quaternary Centers

Catalytic ring opening cross coupling reactions of strained cyclopropanols have been useful for the syntheses of various β-substituted carbonyl products. Among these ring opening cross coupling reactions, the formation of α,β-unsaturated enone byproducts often competes with the desired cross coupling processes and has been a challenging synthetic problem to be addressed. Herein, we describe our efforts in developing divergent syntheses of a wide range of γ-butyrolactones and δ-ketoesters containing all-carbon quaternary centers via copper-catalyzed cyclopropanol ring opening cross couplings with 2-bromo-2,2-dialkyl esters. Our mechanistic studies reveal that unlike the previously reported cases, the formation of α,β-unsaturated enone intermediates is actually essential for the γ-butyrolactone synthesis and also contributes to the formation of the δ-ketoester product. The γ-butyrolactone synthesis is proposed to go through an intermolecular radical conjugate addition to the in situ generated α,β-unsaturate...
Evidence of heterogeneous catalytic activity of ZSM-5 in supercritical water for dodecane cracking

Abstract ZSM-5, HY, and β zeolites were tested for cracking supercritical dodecane (SCD) in the presence and absence of supercritical water (SCW). A key experimental advantage of operating at supercritical conditions is that SCW and SCD are completely miscible, eliminating uncertainty introduced by liquid-liquid mass transport. As expected, all three zeolites were active in the absence of SCW, resulting in 70–80% dodecane conversion after 2 h at 400 °C. In the presence of SCW, only ZSM-5 retained activity, with a measured dodecane conversion of approximately 35%. Post-reaction characterization of the zeolites indicated that only ZSM-5 retained crystallinity, suggesting that access to acid sites decreases when the Y and β zeolites decrystallize. Although ZSM-5 retained crystallinity after exposure to the SCD/SCW reaction mixture, its BAS density decreased by >95% and its micropore area decreased by 80%. Interestingly, while the SCW environment decreases ZSM-5 activity, the reduction is not consistent with the magnitude of the reduction in BAS or micropore area. The apparent contradiction suggested that some material other than ZSM-5 may play the role of catalyst and extensive tests were performed to verify that acid sites on ZSM-5 remained catalytically active in the presence of SCW. Catalyst reuse experiments indicated that ZSM-5 can be reused in SCW. Additional tests with Na-ZSM-5, silicalite, alumina, coke, silicic acid, Al(NO3)3, HNO3, and the supernatant liquid recovered after reaction failed to identify any material other than ZSM-5 that could act as a catalyst. Therefore, ZSM-5 must act as an acid catalyst, even in the presence of SCW and despite loss of many of its acid sites. In contrast, HY and β do not. This work helps guide future work on the use of zeolites in the presence of liquid water and dense supercritical water phases.
Inward Rectification by an Activation Gating Mechanism

Potassium channels are found in every organ and virtually in every cell, and appear to play divergent physiological roles (Hille, 1992). In the last 9 years, the identification of a number of potassium channel amino acid sequences suggests only a small number of classes with different putative membrane spanning topologies. Presently, there appear to be two major classes of K+ channels. One class, whose members include the first cloned potassium channel (Shaker) contains voltage gated channels with at least six putative hydrophobic transmembrane segments (Chandy and Gutman, 1995), including a positively charged segment and a highly conserved signature sequence (MacKinnon and Yellen, 1990, Hartmann, et al., 1991, Yool and Schwarz, 1991) in between the fifth and sixth transmembrane segment. The other class consists of smaller channels with only two putative transmembrane segments and the conserved signature sequence and whose members are mainly inward rectifiers whose rectification is a result of block of an internal particle (Ficker, et al., 1994, Lopatin, et al., 1994, Nichols, et al., 1994).
Identifying Multivariate Vulnerability Of Nursing Home Facilities Throughout The Southeastern United States

Abstract To identify nursing home vulnerability attributable to location using a triangulated approach that includes historic natural hazards, community vulnerability and nursing home attributes, we use an inductive-hierarchical vulnerability index construction model. Principal components analysis (PCA) is used for two inductive models of community (CLI) and natural hazard (HLI) vulnerability. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine weights, according to expert ranks, for a hierarchical model of nursing home facility level vulnerability (NHLI). These three sub-indices are combined using an equal weights hierarchical approach to create a multivariate nursing home vulnerability index (MNHVI). Hazard level vulnerability is predominantly attributable to storm surge, minor hurricanes, and inland flooding. Drivers of community level vulnerability were found to be poverty and minority population, age, income and housing, Hispanic population, family status, employment type and female gender, and nursing home population. Nursing home vulnerability is found to be higher for tracts and counties that house nursing home residents with decreased or limited mobility. The clusters throughout the study area that were identified as the most vulnerable for the MNHVI are predominantly attributable to their geographic location along the coastline. The mapped outputs can provide nursing homes with an easily distributable form of visual and quantitative information to share with emergency management agencies, family members or representatives of residents in nursing homes. This study can also assist administrators in risk assessment, development of policies and procedures, communication planning, and personnel training to comply with emergency preparedness regulations.
A framework for enhancing human-agent teamwork through adaptive individualized technologies

Future military operations will require teams of Soldiers and intelligent systems to plan and execute collective action in a dynamic and adversarial environment. In human teams, teamwork processes such as effective communication and shared understanding underlie effective team performance. Recent work proposes a vision for generalizing this theory to human-agent teams and facilitating teamwork via individualized, adaptive technologies. We propose a dynamical system model to understand how individualized, adaptive technology can facilitate teamwork in human-agent teams. The model reveals three scientific challenges: describing the dynamics of team state, understanding how technological interventions will manifest in team states, and observing latent teamwork states. Using this model, we motivate a problem in which we predict team outcomes from non-obtrusive observation of a military staff during a training exercise. Representing pairwise interactions between team members as a weighted adjacency matrix, we use low-rank matrix recovery techniques to identify communication patterns that predict external evaluations of three team processes during task completion: effective communication, shared understanding, and positive affect.
Grandma’s Hands: Memories of Hair Styling Interaction with African American Grandmothers

African American grandmothers frequently take on a caregiving role of their grandchildren and this intergenerational exchange is often inclusive of hair care. Nineteen African American women recall...
Design of A Completely Decoupled 3-Degree-of-Freedom Micromachined Vibratory Gyroscope

This paper presents a novel 3-degree-of-freedom (DOF) micromachined vibratory gyroscope with completely decoupled structural design. A single-DOF drive mode and a complete 2-DOF vibratory structure, including proof mass, proof frame and detection mass, are applied in designed structure. The drive mode and sense mode are linked by proof mass and proof frame, which also isolate driving element (driving frame) and sensing element(detection mass) to achieve structural decouple. Meanwhile, the 2-DOF sense mode could provide a flat region between two resonant frequencies, which improves the robustness of micromachined vibratory gyroscope. The finite element analysis(FEA) illustrated the resonant frequency of drive mode is between two resonant frequencies of sense mode, showing the feasibility of the proposed gyroscope structure. The simulation results demonstrated a 3-dB bandwidth of 400Hz from 4.8 kHz to 5.2 kHz in sense mode, which improves the inherent robustness to structural parameters and environmental variations. In addition, the structure decoupling is verified through the simulation and the driving elements and sensing elements are immune to vibration of sense mode and drive mode respectively.
Pathway Analysis Integrating Genome-Wide and Functional Data Identifies PLCG2 as a Candidate Gene for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Author(s): Waksmunski, Andrea R; Grunin, Michelle; Kinzy, Tyler G; Igo, Robert P; Haines, Jonathan L; Cooke Bailey, Jessica N; International Age-Related Macular Degeneration Genomics Consortium | Abstract: Purpose:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the worldwide leading cause of blindness among the elderly. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified AMD risk variants, their roles in disease etiology are not well-characterized, and they only explain a portion of AMD heritability. Methods:We performed pathway analyses using summary statistics from the International AMD Genomics Consortium's 2016 GWAS and multiple pathway databases to identify biological pathways wherein genetic association signals for AMD may be aggregating. We determined which genes contributed most to significant pathway signals across the databases. We characterized these genes by constructing protein-protein interaction networks and performing motif analysis. Results:We determined that eight genes (C2, C3, LIPC, MICA, NOTCH4, PLCG2, PPARA, and RAD51B) "drive" the statistical signals observed across pathways curated in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Reactome, and Gene Ontology (GO) databases. We further refined our definition of statistical driver gene to identify PLCG2 as a candidate gene for AMD due to its significant gene-level signals (P l 0.0001) across KEGG, Reactome, GO, and NetPath pathways. Conclusions:We performed pathway analyses on the largest available collection of advanced AMD cases and controls in the world. Eight genes strongly contributed to significant pathways from the three larger databases, and one gene (PLCG2) was central to significant pathways from all four databases. This is, to our knowledge, the first study to identify PLCG2 as a candidate gene for AMD based solely on genetic burden. Our findings reinforce the utility of integrating in silico genetic and biological pathway data to investigate the genetic architecture of AMD.
An Administrative Data Maturity Model - Building national administrative data capacity to produce results for children.

Administrative data is widely recognized as essential for improving service provision, identifying and monitoring development outcomes. However, despite significant investments, many countries remain unable to report against key development indicators and data quality significantly limits the utility of much of the data that are available. At the same time, the data landscape is changing rapidly with new technologies and the expansion of national identity systems. Many of the requirements for effective national administrative data systems are not sectoral, but rather the “foundational” elements of government data policy, use and supporting infrastructure. UNICEF is working closely with partners to develop a maturity model for administrative data systems to prioritize investments and needs across sectors, help donors assess the capacity to absorb proposed investments, and ensure impact for children. The model provides a framework for best-practice examples, and to highlight areas where additional guidance is needed. The concept draws on the wealth of existing assessment tools and quality indicators for administrative data systems across sectors and organisations and is built on three main elements: It is child focused: putting the best interests of children at the centre of system design and operation. It is built from the community up: recognizing the importance of local engagement in supporting development outcomes for children and the collection of high quality data. It recognizes the need for strong cross sectoral foundations at the national level to support the effective and sustainable functioning of administrative data systems. Under each element, the outcomes that a mature administrative data landscape should deliver are defined, along with the system and landscape characteristics required to achieve these. The approach also places administrative data as part of a broader national data landscape – recognizing the importance of integrating multiple data sources to validate data quality, address data gaps, and meet national data requirements.
Clinical Results and MRI Evaluation of Patellar Osteochondral Fracture Fixation following Patellar Dislocation.

Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical results and MRI scans after transpatellar osteochondral fracture fixation following patellar dislocation. Methods. Our study group comprised 17 patients with patellar dislocation followed by osteochondral fracture of the articular surface of the patella. All patients underwent surgery where the fractured osteochondral fragments of the patella were attached using the transpatellar suture technique. The mean age at the time of surgery was 14.1 years, and the mean follow-up period was 7.5 years. Results. The results of the patellar compression test and the apprehension test were negative in all patients. The mean Lysholm and Kujala scores were 89.2 and 89.6, respectively. The MRI scan revealed healing of the fixed fragment and restoration of the articular surface in all patients. In 16 cases, subchondral bone of the fixed fragment area was described as irregular: its articular cartilage was narrowed and not homogenous. Progressive degenerative changes were observed in the patellofemoral joint at follow-up in three patients. Conclusions. By fixing osteochondral fragments, the patellar articular surface can be restored. The MRI scans show that the cartilage in the reconstructed surface is narrowed after a mean 7.5-year follow-up.
Between Ecclesiology and Diplomacy: Francisco de Vargas and the Council of Trent

This article examines the letters and reports of Francisco de Vargas (ca. 1500–66), a jurist who served in different positions under Charles V and Philip II during the three phases of the Council of Trent. Vargas defended the superiority of the council over the pope in matters of faith and practices and drew attention to the need to continue the reform of the Roman Curia started at the Council of Constance. The article examines the way this conciliarist adapted ecclesiology to developing circumstances over the three phases of the Council of Trent, and points out the need to revise the monolithic, papalist view that historiography continues to present of early modern Spanish ecclesiological thought.
Systematic analysis of carbon-based microdisk resonators

Abstract Unique mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties of carbon-based nanomaterials make them particularly suited for the modern class of micro-electromechanical resonators. Among several micro/nano-electromechanical system (MEMS/NEMS) resonator components, microdisk profile resonators have recently gained significant attention due to their ultra-high-quality factors and facile system-on-chip integration. Here, we apply an analytical model for the dynamics of graphite microdisk resonators encompassing the effects of electrostatic, van der Waals and Casimir forces. We expound on the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the graphite disk resonator and compare the results to those of a conventional disk resonator made of Silicon. Our studies show that graphite has larger capacitance changes and hence larger electrical sensitivity. The first and second resonant peaks are determined to be around 38 MHz and 104 MHz. The larger amplitude response of graphite disk resonator can lead to a larger signal to noise ratio and a quality factor as high as 1.88 × 106, a four-fold increase compared to silicon. We applied the developed model to investigate the emerging class of 2-dimentional (2D) materials. We have shown that a one-atom thick graphene resonator can exhibit sixteen times larger resonant frequency than that of a graphite resonator. The proposed method can find applications in modeling the electromechanical behavior of a variety of resonating systems based on 3D/2D carbon-based nanomaterials.
The role of dwelling type when estimating the effect of magnetic fields on childhood leukemia in the California Power Line Study (CAPS)

The type of dwelling where a child lives is an important factor when considering residential exposure to environmental agents. In this paper, we explore its role when estimating the potential effects of magnetic fields (MF) on leukemia using data from the California Power Line Study (CAPS). In this context, dwelling type could be a risk factor, a proxy for other risk factors, a cause of MF exposure, a confounder, an effect-measure modifier, or some combination. We obtained information on type of dwelling at birth on over 2,000 subjects. Using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, we assessed whether dwelling type was a risk factor for childhood leukemia, which covariates and MF exposures were associated with dwelling type, and whether dwelling type was a potential confounder or an effect-measure modifier in the MF-leukemia relationship under the assumption of no-uncontrolled confounding. A majority of children lived in single-family homes or duplexes (70%). Dwelling type was associated with race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status but not with childhood leukemia risk, after other adjustments, and did not alter the MF-leukemia relationship upon adjustment as a potential confounder. Stratification revealed potential effect-measure modification by dwelling type on the multiplicative scale. Dwelling type does not appear to play a significant role in the MF-leukemia relationship in the CAPS dataset as a leukemia risk factor or confounder. Future research should explore the role of dwelling as an effect-measure modifier of the MF-leukemia association.
Commentary: Progress Monitoring and Trend Analyses: Reactions to Reschly's Synthesis

(2000). Commentary: Progress Monitoring and Trend Analyses: Reactions to Reschly's Synthesis. School Psychology Review: Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 523-524.
A short asymmetric synthesis of methyl 2-((1S,3R)-3-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)cyclopentyl)acetate from norbornene

Abstract Methyl 2-((1S,3R)-3-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)cyclopentyl)acetate has been synthesized from norbornene using Hayashi’s (S)-MOP Pd-catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilation. On a 1 mol scale, asymmetric hydrosilation of norbornene afforded an 84:16 exo- to endo-norborneol mixture but with exclusive 1R,4S-stereochemistry at the bridgehead carbons. The norborneol mixture was converted to an optically pure chiral bicyclic lactone via a high-yielding tandem oxidation/Baeyer-Villiger reaction. Acid-promoted ring-opening of the lactone followed by immediate silyl protection afforded the chiral cis-1,3-cyclopentane intermediate in five steps with an overall yield of 41%.
The politics of renewable power in Spain

Government support for renewable power in Spain has varied over time. After fostering a boom in the first decade of the 2000s, public support dried up in the early 2010s before making a reappearance in the last several years. This paper details and explains the fluctuating political fortunes of renewable power in Spain. It argues that the recent revival of support for renewable power should no come as no surprise. Rather, it reflects a reassertion of the underlying imperatives that prompted support by governments of different parties in previous years. Nevertheless, the role of government in promoting renewable power is now undergoing a fundamental change, as it shifts from directly subsidizing new generating capacity to removing barriers that might discourage private investment and facilitating the operation of market forces.
Updates in treating fecal incontinence in women.

Purpose of review Fecal incontinence is a chronic condition that can significantly affect a woman's quality of life. The pathogenesis of fecal incontinence is multifaceted and management ranges from supportive care, medical therapy to more invasive surgical procedures. This review will discuss the recent advancements in treating fecal incontinence. Recent findings The pelvic floor disorder consortium has created a consensus document with recommendations on pelvic floor symptom measurement tools, patient-reported instruments, and questionnaires that should be used when evaluating fecal incontinence. There is new robust data reinforcing the importance of conservative management prior to proceeding with more invasive treatment. Lastly, several novel therapies that were developed in the past decade now have longer term data on safety and efficacy. Summary Management of fecal incontinence is challenging, as no one therapy has been proven to be predominately effective. We should continue to first optimize patients with conservative therapy followed by induction of more advanced therapies. There needs to be continued efforts to develop and evaluate effective treatment guidelines and therapies for fecal incontinence.
Locked fronts in a discrete time discrete space population model

We study locked invasion fronts in a model of population dynamics where both space and time are taken to be discrete variables. Locked fronts propagate with rational speed and are observed to persist as system parameters are varied. In this article, we construct locked fronts for a particular piecewise linear reproduction function. These fronts are shown to be linear combinations of exponentially decaying terms. We derive conditions on system parameters for which locking occurs and compare our predictions to observations in direct numerical simulations.
Editor's note 17:4

At this writing, the global pandemic involving the coronavirus identified as COVID-19, which has been detected in almost every country in the world, "has sickened more than 59,325,100 people" and "at least 1,398,200 people have died" (New York Times: 11/24/20) Bruce is ably remembered by his long time friend and colleague, Richard Waugaman, in Rick's tribute to Bruce published below In our "In Focus" section we bring you a modern psychoanalyst's view of the long running Shakespeare authorship controversy in Richard Waugaman's "Friendly fire: Shakespeare's accidental enemies, a review of the Shakespeare authorship controversy " [Extracted from the article] Copyright of International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Transfer learning from ECG to PPG for improved sleep staging from wrist-worn wearables.

Objective To develop a sleep staging method from wrist-worn accelerometry and the photoplethysmogram (PPG) by leveraging transfer learning from a large electrocardiogram (ECG) database. Approach In previous work, we developed a deep convolutional neural network for sleep staging from ECG using the cross-spectrogram of ECG-derived respiration and instantaneous beat intervals, heart rate variability metrics, spectral characteristics, and signal quality measures derived from 5,793 subjects in Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS). We updated the weights of this model by transfer learning using PPG data derived from the Empatica E4 wristwatch worn by 105 subjects in the `Emory Twin Study Follow-up' (ETSF) database, for whom overnight polysomnographic (PSG) scoring was available. The relative performance of PPG, and actigraphy (Act), plus combinations of these two signals, with and without transfer learning was assessed. Main results The performance of our model with transfer learning showed higher accuracy (1-9 percentage points) and Cohen's Kappa (0.01-0.13) than those without transfer learning for every classification category. Statistically significant, though relatively small, incremental differences in accuracy occurred for every classification category as tested with the McNemar test. The out-of-sample classification performance using features from PPG and actigraphy for four-class classification was Accuracy (Acc)=68.62% and Kappa=0.44. For two-class classification, the performance was Acc=81.49% and Kappa=0.58. Significance We proposed a combined PPG and actigraphy-based sleep stage classification approach using transfer learning from a large ECG sleep database. Results demonstrate that the transfer learning approach improves estimates of sleep state. The use of automated beat detectors and quality metrics means human over-reading is not required, and the approach can be scaled for large cross-sectional or longitudinal studies using wrist-worn devices for sleep-staging.
Migration and Contraception among Mexican Women: Assessing Selection, Disruption, and Adaptation

Despite the sizeable impact of migration on childbearing, less is known about how it shapes contraceptive use undergirding fertility. We utilize binational survey data collected in 2006/7 by the Migration, Gender, and Health among Immigrant Latinos in Durham, NC study to assess how selection, disruption, and adaptation shape contraceptive use among Mexican migrant women. We address selectivity with respect to both socio-demographic and formative sexual initiation characteristics, comparing migrants to non-migrants in Mexico. We examine the disruptive effect of migration on contraception among migrant women sexually initiated in Mexico. Finally, we compare current methods between Mexican migrants and non-migrants to assess adaptation to U.S. contraceptive practices. We find migrant selectivity is less important than context in shaping immigrant women’s contraceptive practices, though migrant women sexually initiated in the United States exhibit earlier and higher levels of contraceptive use than their migrant peers initiated in Mexico. Migration also disrupts contraceptive trajectories. Many migrants discontinue contraceptive use pre-migration in response to their husbands’ solo migration. Partner separation also reduces contraceptive use immediately after migration. Finally, migrants show numerous signs of adaptation to the U.S. context, mainly via the adoption of oral contraception. The main obstacle for contraceptive use in Durham is lack of information about where to obtain it. Efforts to improve immigrants’ reproductive health should recognize the deleterious effect of policies encouraging family separation. Health care must reach immigrant women soon after arrival, be attuned to pre-migration contraceptive practices, and recognize the unique vulnerabilities of women migrating at older ages.
Making Blood from the Vessel: Extrinsic and Environmental Cues Guiding the Endothelial-to-Hematopoietic Transition

It is increasingly recognized that specialized subsets of endothelial cells carry out unique functions in specific organs and regions of the vascular tree. Perhaps the most striking example of this specialization is the ability to contribute to the generation of the blood system, in which a distinct population of “hemogenic” endothelial cells in the embryo transforms irreversibly into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that produce circulating erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid cells for the lifetime of an animal. This review will focus on recent advances made in the zebrafish model organism uncovering the extrinsic and environmental factors that facilitate hemogenic commitment and the process of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition that produces blood stem cells. We highlight in particular biomechanical influences of hemodynamic forces and the extracellular matrix, metabolic and sterile inflammatory cues present during this developmental stage, and outline new avenues opened by transcriptomic-based approaches to decipher cell–cell communication mechanisms as examples of key signals in the embryonic niche that regulate hematopoiesis.
TU‐EF‐303‐04: Multi‐Modal in Vivo Cellular Imaging of Embryonic Heart Morphogenesis

Many medical physics diagnostic and therapeutic developments have significant overlap with biophysical approaches to measuring and modeling molecular and cellular systems. Although these methods may differ dramatically in terms of temporal and spatial scales, many of the underlying concepts are identical, suggesting potential synergies across the scales. For example, while clinical imaging is typically in the (sub)millimeter and second regime, biophysical imaging technologies reach sub-nanometer and sub-picosecond scales. Despite these scale differences, the use of molecular labeling, resulting large datasets, and need for quantitative analysis methods are similar, and solutions developed for one application are easily translated to others. Similarly, mathematical models used to understand clinical responses are often based on molecular and cellular networks that have been elucidated by biophysical studies. In turn, such models are directly useful for guiding on-going biophysical and biomedical research. Relevant biophysical applications are found in the cancer, neuroscience, and cardiac fields, which are also research focus areas for many AAPM members. Presentations by physicists working in biophysics will explore potential synergies with diagnostic and therapeutic medical physics, as well as help identify areas of common interest that would be ripe for novel collaborations. Learning Objectives: 1. 1.To learn about differences in temporal and spatial scales of medical physics and biophysics 2. To learn about common methods used in medical physics and biophysics 3. To learn about synergistic opportunities between medical physics and biophysics
Dipolar Recoupling: Homonuclear Experiments

Dipolar recoupling techniques are RF pulse sequences that are applied in synchrony with magic-angle spinning (MAS) to restore nuclear magnetic dipole–dipole couplings that are averaged to zero by MAS alone. Such techniques are used in quantitative measurements of dipole–dipole couplings, and hence internuclear distances, in multidimensional spectroscopy to produce nuclear spin polarization transfers that lead to crosspeak signals, in double-quantum or multiple-quantum filtering, and for other purposes. This article presents the basic theoretical concepts behind the development of dipolar recoupling techniques, especially techniques for restoring homonuclear couplings. Several distinct recoupling mechanisms are described and illustrated by specific techniques. Symmetry principles that are useful in the design of recoupling techniques are discussed briefly, as are recent developments in frequency-selective recoupling, stochastic recoupling, and three-spin recoupling. Keywords: magic-angle spinning; average Hamiltonian theory; pulse sequences; structure determination
Phenotypic plasticity reconciles incongruous molecular and morphological taxonomies: the giant kelp, Macrocystis (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae), is a monospecific genus.

The giant kelp genus Macrocystis C. Agardh (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) is one of the world's most ecologically and economically important seaweed taxa, yet its taxonomy remains uncertain. Although the genus currently contains four accepted species based on variable holdfast and blade morphology [M. pyrifera (L.) C. Agardh, M. integrifolia Bory, M. angustifolia Bory, and M. laevis C. H. Hay], numerous recent studies on Macrocystis interfertility, genetic relatedness, and morphological plasticity all suggest that the genus is monospecific. We reviewed this evidence and present an explanation for the extreme phenotypic plasticity that results in morphological variability within Macrocystis, driven by the effects of environmental factors on early development of macroscopic sporophytes. We propose that the genus be collapsed back to a single species, with nomenclatural priority given to M. pyrifera.