cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF PRE-NORTHRIDGE STEEL MOMENT- RESISTING FRAME JOINTS

The 1994 Northridge earthquake caused widespread and unexpected damage to steel moment-resisting joints and connections. Shortly following the earthquake, the Federal Emergency Management Agency funded a series of full-scale tests of steel moment-resisting joints and connections to characterize the behavior of pre-earthquake connections and to evaluate the efficacy of a selected number of repair schemes. Twelve pre-earthquake connections were tested. Three of the twelve connections were tested by the authors to failure, and then repaired and re-tested. The response of the pre-earthquake connections was highly variable and uniformly poor. Premature fractures were observed in all twelve connections, and the types of fractures were similar to those observed in the field following the earthquake. The mean beam plastic rotation was 0.005 rad: one-sixth of the target value of 0.03 rad. The response of those moment-resisting connections that were repaired by replacing fractured weld and parent metal with toughness-rated weld filler metal was also poor. On the basis of the studies described in the paper, the rotation capacity of large-size moment-resisting connections built prior to the Northridge earthquake is smaller than the target values established following the earthquake; rehabilitation of earthquake-damaged moment-resisting connections by re-welding only will likely be ineffective; beam-column panel zones should be designed to remain elastic for the forces associated with plastic hinging in the beams; design equations for continuity plates should be revised; and design checks for flange compactness should be based on expected rather than nominal material properties. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research and Application on the Method of 3DS File Read, Render and Control

Abstract OpenGL is a strong there-the graph develop tools,3DS format is a common format for saving there d model Based on OpenGL, the paper researches on the method of 3DS model file read, render and control. First it analyzes the file structure of 3DS, and abstracts the data structure of face, material, object and model by chunk structure used to read in data. The file data is read in with the method of recursion, the read data renders in screen after data disposal. The interactive control of model is accomplished by three kinds of geometric transformation, translate, rotate and scale and OpenGL select mechanism. Finally, those methods are applied into the system of the borehole operation operate simulation and drilling, and achieve better results.
Evidence for a unimodal somatosensory attention system

Extinction is generally viewed as a disorder of selective attention for spatial locations. Recent physiologic, behavioral and lesion studies view spatial locations as a complex construct in which multiple modalities and motor systems are integrated. Accordingly, cross-modal and sensory-motor conditions often modify extinction. In a patient with tactile extinction, we tested the hypothesis that attentional deficits can also be confined to a specific sensory modality. Using objectively and subjectively balanced tactile stimuli and signal detection analysis, we found that our patient's contralesional tactile discrimination was not modulated by proprioceptive or visual input or by movement. By contrast, increasing the salience of the contralesional tactile stimuli did improve her contralesional tactile discrimination, consistent with our hypothesis that she suffered from a modality-specific attentional deficit. Additionally, she did not have any evidence of visual extinction, again bolstering our claim that her extinction was confined to touch. These data suggest that in addition to polymodal and sensory-motor attentional systems, spatial attention also operates on specific sensations. We also advocate the use of signal detection analysis, a method that has been surprisingly neglected in extinction research.
Management of a Multiple Cohort Fishery: Comment

In a recent study, Conrad developed a general multiple cohort model and derived conditions for optimal harvest and age structure based on a discrete time control problem which maximizes the present value of net revenues subject to recruitment and spawning constraint. In an application to the hard clam resource in Great South Bay, Long Island, New York, Conrad had an inconsistency in the unit of measurement: the cohort stocks and yields were measured in bushels (p. 468), while the spawning constraint was measured in numbers of clams. This inconsistency caused incorrect results.
Dynamic Binary Modification: Tools, Techniques, and Applications

Dynamic binary modification tools form a software layer between a running application and the underlying operating system, providing the powerful opportunity to inspect and potentially modify every user-level guest application instruction that executes. Toolkits built upon this technology have enabled computer architects to build powerful simulators and emulators for design-space exploration, compiler writers to analyze and debug the code generated by their compilers, software developers to fully explore the features, bottlenecks, and performance of their software, and even end-users to extend the functionality of proprietary software running on their computers. Several dynamic binary modification systems are freely available today that place this power into the hands of the end user. While these systems are quite complex internally, they mask that complexity with an easy-to-learn API that allows a typical user to ramp up fairly quickly and build any of a number of powerful tools. Meanwhile, these tools are robust enough to form the foundation for software products in use today. This book serves as a primer for researchers interested in dynamic binary modification systems, their internal design structure, and the wide range of tools that can be built leveraging these systems. The hands-on examples presented throughout form a solid foundation for designing and constructing more complex tools, with an appreciation for the techniques necessary to make those tools robust and efficient. Meanwhile, the reader will get an appreciation for the internal design of the engines themselves. Table of Contents: Dynamic Binary Modification: Overview / Using a Dynamic Binary Modifier / Program Analysis and Debugging / Active Program Modification / Architectural Exploration / Advanced System Internals / Historical Perspectives / Summary and Observations
RELATION BETWEEN LIGHT-DARK RHYTHMS AND HOUR OF LAY OF EGGS EXPERIMENTALLY RETAINED IN THE HEN

IN A PKEVIOUS report (Rothchild and Fraps, 1944) we showedthat the time of normal lay of the hen2s egg appeared to be under theimmediate control of the ruptured follicle from which the egg originated.The salient points in this study were as follows: lay of the eggoccurred at the normal time in the presence of the ruptured folliclewhether the next maturing follicle was excised or not, but was usuallydelayed for one or more days in the absence of the rupturedfollicle. Some evidence also indicated that the maturing follicle, at orabout the time of its ovulation, participated in this control. Severalhens which laid their eggs at the expected normal time, but in theabsence of the ruptured follicle, did so in close association with ovulationof a maturing follicle, and of the 31 birds reported on in thisstudy which held their eggs following removal of the ruptured follicle,14 laid their eggs, after varying periods of delay, concomitantlywith the first ovulation which occurred following operation.
Revisiting the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD

Objective: Studies examining the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the development of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among offspring have yielded mixed results, with some studies suggesting a strong association and others finding no association. These studies have varied in quality of design and measures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring ADHD, using detailed prospective smoking data and subsequent follow-up data from the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). Method: Maternal smoking status was collected throughout pregnancy during the original CPP study. Offspring were followed-up in early adulthood and questioned about ADHD symptoms and diagnosis. Logistic regression was used to model the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD. Linear and logistic regression were used to examine clinical characteristics and remission rates associated with ADHD in relation to maternal smoking. Results: No association was found between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring ADHD. Further, no differences in age of onset, number of symptoms, or likelihood of remission were found among ADHD subjects with and without a history of maternal smoking during pregnancy. Conclusions: These findings do not support the hypothesis that maternal smoking during pregnancy is causally related to ADHD. Ongoing research should continue to strive to identify those environmental or genetic factors that may enhance the impact of maternal smoking on ADHD or that may be associated more clearly with the development and potential prevention of ADHD.
RHEED and XPS observations of trimethylgallium absorption on GaAs (001) surfaces—relevance to atomic layer epitaxy

A series of experiments under UHV conditions have been performed to determine the surface reacted species and surface structure that results from trimethylgallium (TMGa) adsorption on a GaAs (001) As-stabilized surface. In these experiments, the conditions were chosen to simulate typical ALE growth conditions. Thus, the substrate temperature was varied between 320 and 530° and an admittance of 10−7 to 5 × 10−6 Torr of TMGa with exposure time of 5 to 15 sec were applied. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to identify the chemical species on the surface after TMGa adsorption. The XPS intensity associated with the Ga 2p 3/2 level was used to monitor the quantity of adsorbed Ga and RHEED was used to monitor the surface structure. Below 440°, the Ga intensity was saturated at a level close to 1 ML and no definite Ga-stabilized 4 ×X RHEED pattern was observed. At 320° and an exposure of 200 L, a 2 × 4 As-stabilized RHEED pattern still existed, which suggests that the reaction between impinging TMGa and the (001) GaAs surface is very slow at this temperature. When the substrate temperature was between 440 and 530° exposure to greater than 6 L of TMGa resulted in saturation of surface Ga atoms to one monolayer (ML) and a successive change of surface reconstruction from 2×4 As-stabilized to 4 ×X (X = 1 or 2) Ga-stabilized surface. In all runs no carbon related species were observed within the XPS detection limit. This observation suggests that adsorption and decomposition of TMGa on As sites goes to completion very rapidly in this temperature range. From these observations we conclude that the self limiting mechanism in ALE occurs because of the differential chemisorption and decomposition rates of TMGa on As and Ga sites and that the dominant surface adsorbate is atomic Ga.
An all digital 8-DPSK TCM modem for land mobile satellite communications

The authors report the real-time digital implementation of an 8-DPSK trellis-coded-modulation (TCM) modem for operation on an L-band, 5 kHz-wide, land mobile satellite (LMS) channel. The model architecture, some of the signal-processing techniques used in the modem to combat the LMS channel impairments (principally multipath fading and Doppler frequency shifts) and the model performance over the AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise) channel are presented. >
A century of changing land-use and water-quality relationships in the continental US

We quantify the relationships between riverine nitrate–nitrogen (NN) concentration and agricultural land use in the continental United States – from the early 1900s through the end of the last century – on spatial scales ranging from the entire Mississippi River Basin to 1000-km2 watersheds. Cropland cover is linearly related to the NN concentration that exits a watershed at both the beginning and end of the 20th century. In addition, the slope of the relationship is higher at the end of the century, and the intercept of the regression analysis is not different from zero. These findings imply that agriculture was already affecting NN export by the early 1900s, that intensive management practices in modern agriculture have significantly increased the NN export per hectare of cropland, and that the baseline of exported NN has not shifted. We identify agricultural practices, principally associated with corn cultivation, that contribute substantially to NN concentrations and suggest that increasing cropland d...
Titchmarsh–Weyl m -functions for second-order Sturm–Liouville problems with two singular endpoints

In this paper we consider some cases of Sturm–Liouville problems with two singular endpoints at x = 0 and x = ∞ which have a simple spectrum, and show that the simplicity of the spectrum can be built into the definition of a Titchmarsh–Weyl m -function from which the eigenfunction expansion can be constructed. The use of initial conditions at a point interior to the interval (0,∞) is avoided in favor of Frobenius solutions near the regular singular point x = 0. In contrast to the classical theory associated with a regular left endpoint, the growth behaviour of the associated spectral functions can be on the order of λβ for any β ∈ (0,∞). Application of the theory to the Bessel equation on (0,∞) and to the radial part of the separated hydrogen atom on (0,∞) is given. In the case of the hydrogen atom a single Titchmarsh–Weyl m -function is obtained which completely describes both the discrete negative spectrum and the continuous positive spectrum. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Physical Activity Participation: Social Cognitive Theory versus the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior.

Social cognitive theory and the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior were examined in the prediction of 4 weeks of physical activity participation. The theories of reasoned action and planned behavior were supported. Attitude and perceived control predicted intention, and intention predicted physical activity participation. The social cognitive theory variables significantly predicted physical activity participation, with self-efficacy and self-evaluation of the behavior significantly contributing to the prediction. The greater the confidence in participating in physical activity and the greater the satisfaction with present physical activity, the more physical activity performed. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that perceived control and intentions did not account for any unique variation in physical activity participation over self-efficacy. Therefore the social cognitive theory constructs were better predictors of physical activity than those from the theories of reasoned action ...
Facilitators of home and community-based service use by urban African American elders.

Objectives: To examine the factors associated with urban African American elders’ utilization of home and community-based services and explore whether these factors differ by category of service. Methods: Data came from a representative sample of 1,099 African American older adults living in Detroit. Logistic regression models were used to explore the predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with any service use and five categories of service use: in-home care, household services, functional care, out-of-home services, and financial/legal services. Results and Discussion: Findings suggest that previous studies using the Andersen model may not be generalizable to an urban African American population. Service use was related primarily to enabling resources, particularly in terms of financial resources, not driving a car, and social resources and support. Future research should further examine the facilitators and barriers to service use by urban African Americans to improve their access to care.
Atomic-resolution crystal structure of thioredoxin from the acidophilic bacterium Acetobacter aceti

The crystal structure of thioredoxin (AaTrx) from the acetic acid bacterium Acetobacter aceti was determined at 1 A resolution. This is currently the highest resolution crystal structure available for any thioredoxin. Thioredoxins facilitate thiol-disulfide exchange, a process that is expected to be slow at the low pH values encountered in the A. aceti cytoplasm. Despite the apparent need to function at low pH, neither the active site nor the surface charge distribution of AaTrx is notably different from that of Escherichia coli thioredoxin. Apparently the ancestral thioredoxin was sufficiently stable for use in A. aceti or the need to interact with multiple targets constrained the variation of surface residues. The AaTrx structure presented here provides a clear view of all ionizable protein moieties and waters, a first step in understanding how thiol-disulfide exchange might occur in a low pH cytoplasm, and is a basis for biophysical studies of the mechanism of acid-mediated unfolding. The high resolution of this structure should be useful for computational studies of thioredoxin function, protein structure and dynamics, and side-chain ionization.
The Interface of Multiculturalism and Psychopharmacology

The impact of culture and ethnicity on psychopharmacological drug response continues to be a topic of interest and research. Diagnostic issues among patients of different races and cultures and also the influence of race and culture of the treating clinician are factors to consider before pharmacotherapy is even prescribed, although it also appears to affect the type of pharmacotherapy prescribed as well. Culture and ethnicity may also influence the response rates to treatment with pharmacotherapy along with affecting the reporting of adverse effects, compliance with the treatment regimen, and perception of need for such treatments compared to alternative health beliefs. African Americans may be diagnosed with a more severe disorder compared to Caucasians, and African Americans may also receive comparatively different, and higher, doses for the same level of symptoms compared to white patients. Asian patients may require different doses of psychotropics compared to Caucasian patients. Some of these dosing...
HQL: A Scalable Synchronization Mechanism for GPUs

Modern GPUs rely on atomic operations to perform global communication. These atomic operations can be used to construct finer-grained locks to provide support for mutual exclusion. However, equipped with only these basic synchronization primitives to support mutual exclusion results in inefficient use of resources. In this paper, we propose a new hardware-based blocking synchronization mechanism which uses hierarchical queuing for scalability and efficiency. We evaluate our design using a set of GPU applications for stressing synchronization mechanisms. We perform detailed simulation utilizing the Multi2Sim heterogeneous simulation infrastructure. Our results indicate that we can reduce the number of instructions executed by a GPU application by as much as 84%, while improving execution performance by as much as 73%.
Laser Seam Tracking for Robotic Arc Welding

Noruk & Lefebvre discuss the benefits of lasers for seam tracking and describe how to assess if such a system would improve production.
Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate

Context.—Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is a distinct clinicopathologic entity, characterized by an expansile proliferation of secretory cells within prostatic ducts and acini that demonstrate marked architectural and cytologic atypia. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is strongly associated with high-grade and high-volume, invasive prostate cancer and a poorer prognosis than cases without IDC-P. Objective.—To review the historic perspectives, pathologic and genetic features, diagnostic criteria and differential diagnoses, and the clinical significance of IDC-P. Data Sources.—Relevant studies indexed in PubMed. Conclusions.—It is critical to recognize IDC-P, especially in prostate biopsies in which the clinical implications of IDC-P are greatest. Morphologic criteria have been proposed to distinguish IDC-P from several other lesions with similar histologic appearance such as high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, invasive cribriform prostate cancer, and urothelial carcinoma inv...
Aromatic substitution and addition reactions of 1H-cyclobuta[de]naphthalenes

Abstract 1 H -Cyclobuta[ de ]naphthalenes undergo electrophilic substitutions at their C-4 and their C-5 positions; photolytic bromination of 1 H -cyclobuta[ de ]naphthalene yields 1,2,3,4 tetrabromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1 H -cyclobuta[ de ]naphthalene.
Acoustic Emission Monitoring for Ultrasonic Cavitation Based Dispersion Process

In the manufacturing of micro/nanocomposite materials, micro/nanoparticles need to be dispersed evenly into the base materials. However, due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and high surface energy, the micro/nanoparticles tend to agglomerate and cluster together. Ultrasonic cavitation is effective to disperse micro/nanoparticles. However, works on correlating the cavitation parameters with the micro/nanoparticle dispersion are limited. This paper presents a real-time acoustic monitoring method based on cavitation noises to monitor the micro/nanoparticle dispersion status. In this paper, two types of cavitation noise power indices computed based on the raw cavitation noise signals are used to monitor the cavitation status. Both off-line and on-line steady state detection algorithms are developed. These algorithms can be used to determine the critical process parameters including the power of the ultrasonic sound and the dispersion time. Extensive experiments have been conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed methods. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4024041]
A cavitand stabilizes the Meisenheimer complex of SNAr reactions

A deep cavitand binds amine nucleophiles and accelerates their subsequent S(N)Ar reactions by solvating the intermediate Meisenheimer complex.
Nocturnal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Decreases Daytime Sympathetic Traffic in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Background—Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have high levels of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). We tested the hypothesis that long-term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment will decrease MSNA in OSA patients. Methods and Results—We measured blood pressure, heart rate, and MSNA in 11 normotensive, otherwise healthy patients with OSA who were treated with CPAP. The measurements were obtained at baseline and after 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year of CPAP treatment. These measurements were compared with those recorded in 9 otherwise healthy OSA patients who were not treated with CPAP for 1 year. In both untreated and treated patients, blood pressure and heart rate did not change over time. MSNA was similar during repeated measurements in the untreated group. By contrast, MSNA decreased significantly over time in patients treated with CPAP. This decrease was evident after both 6 months and 1 year of CPAP treatment (P=0.02 for both). Conclusions—CPAP treatment decreases muscle ...
Grounding and Electrical Leakage of Photo Therapy Equipment

I am the director of the Bio Electronics Lab at Wilson Memorial Hospital. We have a safety program in which electrical leakage on all electrical and electronic equipment is checked. Our standards are set in accordance to the American Heart Association at 5 microamps. This brings me to the purpose of this letter. We received an Air Shields photo therapy unit which is used in the prevention and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. This lamp has a leakage of 70 micro-amps when it is ungrounded.
An international perspective on U.S. licensure of software engineers

In order to protect the public from adverse effects, several U.S. states will now require licensure for certain software engineers working on such critical systems. In particular engineers offering services directly to the public, either as sole practitioners or through some form of small business entity must be licensed. Software professionals who work on critical systems through a corporate or government entity do not typically need to be licensed because the employer retains the obligation and liability for protecting the public. The paper deals with the licensure of Professional Engineers from other countries and cross recognition of licensure across nations.
Three new species of Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae) from the Hawaiian Islands, based on morphological and molecular evidence

The Cosmopterigid genus Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae) is endemic to Hawaii and contains over 350 recognized species, though only one new species has been described in the past 62 years. We describe and illustrate three new species of Hyposmocoma: Hyposmocoma kaupo sp. nov. from the island of Maui, H. kapakai sp. nov. from Oahu, and H. kaikuono sp. nov. from Molokai, all known from both sexes, and all apparently single-island endemics. The casemaking larvae of all three species feed on lichen and organic debris on dry rocks in open or partly forested habitat. While morphological differences among these three species are small, genetic divergence across parts of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I and the nuclear genes elongation factor 1 indicate universally deep divergence, making these taxa a classic example of sibling species.
Health communication with Chinese Americans about type 2 diabetes.

PurposeChinese Americans are at high risk for type 2 diabetes and face some health disparities that can be attributed to language barriers, cultural differences, and access to care. The purpose of this article is to review current literature and establish best practices regarding health communication about type 2 diabetes for Chinese Americans. The authors reviewed clinical research literature from January 2000 to April 2011 to assess current knowledge about providing diabetes management guidance to Chinese Americans.ConclusionsTo improve health communication and dissemination of health information to Chinese Americans regarding diabetes and diabetes management, research scholars, health care providers, and diabetes educators can analyze current health messages by source, message, audience, channel, and destination characteristics. Extensive research has led to clear guidelines focusing on language-appropriate materials, an understanding of Chinese food beliefs and family practices, and the importance of ...
The K+ channel KIR2.1 functions in tandem with proton influx to mediate sour taste transduction

Sour taste is detected by a subset of taste cells on the tongue and palate epithelium that respond to acids with trains of action potentials. Entry of protons through a Zn(2+)-sensitive proton conductance that is specific to sour taste cells has been shown to be the initial event in sour taste transduction. Whether this conductance acts in concert with other channels sensitive to changes in intracellular pH, however, is not known. Here, we show that intracellular acidification generates excitatory responses in sour taste cells, which can be attributed to block of a resting K(+) current. We identify KIR2.1 as the acid-sensitive K(+) channel in sour taste cells using pharmacological and RNA expression profiling and confirm its contribution to sour taste with tissue-specific knockout of the Kcnj2 gene. Surprisingly, acid sensitivity is not conferred on sour taste cells by the specific expression of Kir2.1, but by the relatively small magnitude of the current, which makes the cells exquisitely sensitive to changes in intracellular pH. Consistent with a role of the K(+) current in amplifying the sensory response, entry of protons through the Zn(2+)-sensitive conductance produces a transient block of the KIR2.1 current. The identification in sour taste cells of an acid-sensitive K(+) channel suggests a mechanism for amplification of sour taste and may explain why weak acids that produce intracellular acidification, such as acetic acid, taste more sour than strong acids.
Unions and voluntary agencies

SOCIAL WORK In recent years social workers in both pub lic and private agencies have increasingly organized for the purpose of union repre sentation. For example, a survey of the membership of the Metropolitan Detroit Chapter of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) indicated that more than 50 percent of the respondents belonged to a union, and nearly 75 per cent approved of social workers joining unions.1
Comparative Morphological Analysis of the Geometry of Ruptured and Unruptured Aneurysms

BACKGROUND The risk of aneurysm rupture appears to be related to multiple factors such as topology, morphology, size, perianeurysmal environment, and blood flow hemodynamics. OBJECTIVE To evaluate aneurysm morphology and to quantitatively compare the volumetric parameters between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms from our clinical database at the UCLA Medical Center. METHODS Novel algorithms that automatically compute aneurysm geometry were tested on the basis of voxel data obtained from angiographic images, and measurements of aneurysm morphology were automatically recorded. We studied a total of 50 aneurysms (25 ruptured and 25 unruptured) with sizes ranging from 3 to 26 mm. To compare the geometric characteristics between ruptured and unruptured groups, we examined measurements, including volume and surface area, and the ratios of these measurements to the minimal bounding sphere around each aneurysm. RESULTS More than 65% of ruptured aneurysms had a ratio of aneurysm volume to bounding sphere volume (AVSV) of > 0.5. More than 70% of ruptured aneurysms had a ratio of aneurysm surface to bounding sphere surface (AASA) of < 1. A trend differentiating ruptured and unruptured aneurysms was observed in AVSV (P = .07) and AASA (P = .04). Classification and regression trees analysis showed 68% correct classification with rupture for AVSV and 70% for AASA. CONCLUSION By comparing aneurysm geometry with the bounding sphere, we found a trend associating the ratios of aneurysm volume and surface area with rupture. These geometric parameters may be useful for understanding the influence of morphology on the risk of aneurysm rupture.
Comparing Deterministic and Non-deterministic Optimization for Airfoil Shape Design

In this work, the authors compare single point, multi-point, and non-deterministic optimization approaches applied to airfoil design. The objective is to minimize the drag coefficient using PABLO as the aerodynamics solver and Genetic Algorithm as the optimizer. First, the authors optimized the airfoil at fixed operating conditions for single point and multi-point optimization. Second, the airfoil was optimized at varying operating conditions. Comparison of drag coefficients from single and multi-point optimization reveal that single point optimization provides the lowest values at its operating conditions while multi-point optimization provides lower values at off-design conditions. Results from nondeterministic optimization shows that drag coefficient values are lower than values from multi-point optimization around cruise speed by 16% while providing acceptable values at lower speeds.
The Use of Cognitive Feedback by Experts and Novices in a Judgment Task

Cognitive feedback (CFB) has been shown to increase performance in Multiple Cue Probability Learning (MCPL) tasks in both real life and experimental situations. Our experiment focuses on investigating how experts and novices behave differently in applying CFB, which is presented in forms of relative importance weights of each of the cues and the display of function forms (Weaver and Steward, 2000). We believe this study provided some interesting insight into how much domain knowledge is necessary to understand and apply CFB. The study examined how well novices and experts are able to process and use different types of feedback (i.e. CFB and Outcome Feedback) and hence determined which type is more useful for novices or for those with prior knowledge of the task. A total of 20 participants, 10 experts and 10 novices, were given a series of baseball statistics and asked to predict how many wins the team would have in a season based on these statistics. Performance measures (e.g. relative weighting accuracy,...
Rotational spectra and computational analysis of two conformers of leucinamide.

Rotational spectra were recorded for two isotopic species of two conformers of the amide derivative of leucine in the range of 10.5–21 GHz and fit to a rigid rotor Hamiltonian. Ab initio calculations at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level identified the low energy conformations with different side chain configurations; the rotational spectra were assigned to the two lowest energy ab initio structures. We recorded 16 a- and b-type rotational transitions for conformer 1; the rotational constants of the normal species are A = 2275.6(2), B = 1033.37(2) and C = 911.71(5) MHz. We recorded 23 a- and b-type rotational transitions for conformer 2; the rotational constants of the normal species are A = 2752.775(8), B = 843.502(1) and C = 796.721(1) MHz. The rotational spectra of the 15Namide isotopomer of each conformer were recorded and the atomic coordinates of the amide nitrogen were determined by Kraitchman’s method of isotopic substitution. The experimentally observed structures are significantly different from the cr...
Primary Study on Lipase Activity in Rice Seed

The rice lipase in japonica variety H 129 was studied. The results showed that the lipase of rice distribute in the plumule and the scutum, not in the endosperm, It consists of several kinds of isoenzyme, It is different of the lipase active curve between the sterilized and the unsterilized rice seed, Opposite to the results of previous study, no lipase activity was found in the ungerminated rice seed and the dormancy rice bran.
Frequency of and Prognostic Significance of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

The prognostic implications of preexisting atrial fibrillation (AF) and new-onset AF (NOAF) in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remain uncertain. This study assesses the epidemiology of AF in patients treated with TAVI and evaluates their outcomes according to the presence of preexisting AF or NOAF. A retrospective analysis of 708 patients undergoing TAVI from 2 heart hospitals was performed. Patients were divided into 3 study groups: sinus rhythm (n = 423), preexisting AF (n = 219), and NOAF (n = 66). Primary outcomes of interest were all-cause death and stroke both at 30-day and at 1-year follow-up. Preexisting AF was present in 30.9% of our study population, whereas NOAF was observed in 9.3% of patients after TAVI. AF and NOAF patients showed a higher rate of 1-year all-cause mortality compared with patients in sinus rhythm (14.6% vs 6.5% for preexisting AF and 16.3% vs 6.5% for NOAF, p = 0.007). No differences in 30-day mortality were observed between groups. In patients with AF (either preexisting and new-onset), those discharged with single antiplatelet therapy displayed higher mortality rates at 1 year (42.9% vs 11.7%, p = 0.006). Preexisting AF remained an independent predictor of mortality at 1-year follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] 2.34, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.48, p = 0.010). Independent predictors of NOAF were transapical and transaortic approach as well as balloon postdilatation (HR 3.48, 95% CI 1.66 to 7.29, p = 0.001; HR 5.08, 95% CI 2.08 to 12.39, p
A Quadricuspid Aortic Valve as Seen by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

ABSTRACTWe report a case of a 35-year-old active duty male with a rare quadricuspid aortic valve identified via transthoracic echocardiography following the detection of an incidental grade I/VI diastolic murmur. Further characterization of the anatomical findings and aortic valve flow dynamics were evaluated with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Accurate assessment of the various valve morphologies is essential, as it guides surgical treatment options to correct the defect. Our case highlights the complimentary role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in defining the anatomy and functional consequences of a quadricuspid aortic valve.
Does negative campaign advertising stimulate uncivil communication on social media? Measuring audience response using big data

Abstract Using the 2012 presidential election as a case study, this work set out to understand the relationship between negative political advertising and political incivility on Twitter. Drawing on the stimulation hypothesis and the notion that communication with dissimilar others can encourage incivility, it was predicted that (1) heightened levels of negative campaign advertising would be associated with increased citizen activity on Twitter, (2) increased citizen activity would predict online incivility, and (3) that increases in citizen activity would facilitate a positive indirect relationship between negative advertising volume and citizen incivility. This theoretical model was tested using data collected from over 140,000 individual Twitter users located in 206 Designated Market Areas. The results supported the proposed model. Additional analyses further suggested that the relationship between negative political advertising and citizen incivility was conditioned by contextual levels of economic status. These results are discussed in the context of political advertising and democratic deliberation.
Stabilizing infrared quantum cascade laser beams for standoff detection applications

We are developing a technology for standoff detection of chemicals on surfaces based on active broadband infrared imaging spectroscopy. This approach leverages one or more IR quantum cascade lasers (QCL), tuned to strong absorption bands in the analytes and directed to illuminate an area on a surface of interest. An IR focal plane array is used to image the surface response upon laser illumination. The broadband IR signal is processed as a hyperspectral image cube comprised of spatial, spectral and temporal dimensions as vectors within a detection algorithm. Such standoff spectroscopic imaging applications place stringent stability requirements on the wavelength, power, pulse width and spatial beam profile that pose a challenge for broadly tunable IR QCL. In this manuscript, we discuss methods to mitigate these challenges, including extensive calibration and active feedback stabilization. These mitigation methods should benefit many applications of IR QCL, including those for standoff detection, spectroscopy and imaging.
Feeding schemes and C/N ratio of a laboratory-scale step-fed sequencing batch reactor for liquid swine manure treatment

ABSTRACTThis study was undertaken to investigate the effect of two split feeding schemes (600 mL/200 mL and 400 mL/400 mL, designated as FS1 and FS2, respectively) on the performance of a step-fed sequencing batch reactor (SBR) in treating liquid swine manure for nutrient removal. The SBR was run on an 8-h cycle with a repeated pattern of anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic phases in each cycle and the two feedings always occurred at the beginning of each anaerobic phase. A low-level aeration was used (1.0 L/m3.sec) for the anoxic/aerobic phase to facilitate nitrification and phosphorus uptake while reducing the energy consumption. The results showed that FS1 reduced NH4+-N by 98.7% and FS2 by 98.3%. FS1 had 12.3 mg/L NO3-N left in the effluent, while FS2 had 4.51 mg/L. For soluble phosphorus removal, FS1 achieved 95.2%, while FS2 reached only 68.5%. Both feeding schemes achieved ≥ 95% removal of COD. A good power regression was observed between total nitrogen (sum of all three nitrogen species) and the carbon to ni...
Use of Multimodal Technology to Identify Digital Correlates of Violence Among Inpatients With Serious Mental Illness: A Pilot Study.

Objective:The study examined multimodal technologies to identify correlates of violence among inpatients with serious mental illness.Methods:Twenty-eight high-risk inpatients were provided with smartphones adapted for data collection. Participants recorded their thoughts and behaviors by using self-report software. Sensors embedded in each device (microphone and accelerometers) and throughout the inpatient unit (Bluetooth beacons) captured patients’ activity and location.Results:Self-reported delusions were associated with violent ideation (odds ratio [OR]=3.08), damaging property (OR=8.24), and physical aggression (OR=12.39). Alcohol and cigarette cravings were associated with violent ideation (OR=5.20 and OR=6.08, respectively), damaging property (OR=3.71 and OR=4.26, respectively), threatening others (OR=3.62 and OR=3.04, respectively), and physical aggression (OR=6.26, and OR=8.02, respectively). Drug cravings were associated with violent ideation (OR=2.76) and damaging property (OR=5.09). Decreased v...
Exposure to cuticular bacteria can alter host behavior in a funnel-weaving spider

Contact with environmental microbes are arguably the most common species interaction in which any animal participates. Studies have noted diverse relationships between hosts and resident microbes, which can have strong consequences for host development, physiology, and behavior. Many of these studies focus specifically on pathogens or beneficial microbes, while the benign microbes, of which the majority of bacteria could be described, are often ignored. Here, we explore the nature of the relationships between the grass spider Agelenopsis pennsylvanica and bacteria collected from their cuticles in situ. First, using culture-based methods, we identified a portion of the cuticular bacterial communities that are naturally associated with these spiders. Then, we topically exposed spiders to a subset of these bacterial monocultures to estimate how bacterial exposure may alter 3 host behavioral traits: boldness, aggressiveness, and activity level. We conducted these behavioral assays 3 times before and 3 times after topical application, and compared the changes observed in each trait with spiders that were exposed to a sterile control treatment. We identified 9 species of bacteria from the cuticles of 36 spiders and exposed groups of 20 spiders to 1 of 4 species of cuticular bacteria. We found that exposure to Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus was associated with a 10-fold decrease in the foraging aggressiveness of spiders toward prey in their web. Since bacterial exposure did not have survival consequences for hosts, these data suggest that interactions with cuticular bacteria, even non-pathogenic bacteria, could alter host behavior.
The association between state audit budgets and specialized audit inputs

The relationship between the size of state audit budgets, audit responsibilities, professional characteristics of staff, risk, and tax and expenditure limitations is explored. Bivariate relationships are examined and then a model is estimated which controls for size, complexity, financial risk factors, and political risk factors. This provides a framework for considering the incremental influence of specialized audit inputs. Both "brand names" and size have been used in past research to proxy for quality dimensions intended to differentiate the audit product provided by different suppliers. This research extends such work by considering characteristics of the auditing services as reflected by specific inputs and by using cost data rather than audit fee data. The states are observed to differ in their responses to financial and political factors by spending resources on peer review, continuing professional education, certifications of professional staff, and expertise in both the computer science area and in law. A positive association of cost and auditor differentiation, implicit in past audit fee literature is corroborated.
Metabolic Profiling of the Novel Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2α Inhibitor PT2385 In Vivo and In Vitro.

PT2385 is a first-in-class, selective small-molecule inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) developed for the treatment of advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Preclinical results demonstrated that PT2385 has potent antitumor efficacy in mouse xenograft models of kidney cancer. It also has activity toward metabolic disease in a mouse model. However, no metabolism data are currently publically available. It is of great importance to characterize the metabolism of PT2385 and identify its effect on systemic homeostasis in mice. High-resolution mass spectrometry–based metabolomics was performed to profile the biotransformation of PT2385 and PT2385-induced changes in endogenous metabolites. Liver microsomes and recombinant drug-metabolizing enzymes were used to determine the mechanism of PT2385 metabolism. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was employed to investigate the reason for the PT2385-induced bile acid dysregulation. A total of 12 metabolites of PT2385 was characterized, generated from hydroxylation (M1, M2), dihydroxylation and desaturation (M3, M4), oxidative-defluorination (M7), glucuronidation (M8), N-acetylcysteine conjugation (M9), and secondary methylation (M5, M6) and glucuronidation (M10, M11, and M12). CYP2C19 was the major contributor to the formation of M1, M2, and M7, UGT2B17 to M8, and UGT1A1/3 to M10–M12. The bile acid metabolites taurocholic acid and tauro-β-muricholic acid were elevated in serum and liver of mice after PT2385 treatment. Gene expression analysis further revealed that intestinal HIF-2α inhibition by PT2385 treatment upregulated the hepatic expression of CYP7A1, the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis. This study provides metabolic data and an important reference basis for the safety evaluation and rational clinical application of PT2385.
Variance analysis of forecasted streamflow maxima in a wet temperate climate

Abstract Coupling global climate models, hydrologic models and extreme value analysis provides a method to forecast streamflow maxima, however the elusive variance structure of the results hinders confidence in application. Directly correcting the bias of forecasts using the relative change between forecast and control simulations has been shown to marginalize hydrologic uncertainty, reduce model bias, and remove systematic variance when predicting mean monthly and mean annual streamflow, prompting our investigation for maxima streamflow. We assess the variance structure of streamflow maxima using realizations of emission scenario, global climate model type and project phase, downscaling methods, bias correction, extreme value methods, and hydrologic model inputs and parameterization. Results show that the relative change of streamflow maxima was not dependent on systematic variance from the annual maxima versus peak over threshold method applied, albeit we stress that researchers strictly adhere to rules from extreme value theory when applying the peak over threshold method. Regardless of which method is applied, extreme value model fitting does add variance to the projection, and the variance is an increasing function of the return period. Unlike the relative change of mean streamflow, results show that the variance of the maxima’s relative change was dependent on all climate model factors tested as well as hydrologic model inputs and calibration. Ensemble projections forecast an increase of streamflow maxima for 2050 with pronounced forecast standard error, including an increase of +30(±21), +38(±34) and +51(±85)% for 2, 20 and 100 year streamflow events for the wet temperate region studied. The variance of maxima projections was dominated by climate model factors and extreme value analyses.