cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Statin Use Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Background & Aims Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Chemopreventive strategies have produced weak or inconsistent results. Statins have been associated inversely with sporadic CRC. We examined their role as chemopreventive agents in patients with IBD. Methods We collected data from 11,001 patients with IBD receiving care at hospitals in the Greater Boston metropolitan area from 1998 through 2010. Diagnoses of CRC were determined using validated International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification codes. Statin use before diagnosis was assessed through analysis of electronic prescriptions. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses, adjusting for potential confounders including primary sclerosing cholangitis, smoking, increased levels of inflammation markers, and CRC screening practices to identify an independent association between statin use and CRC. We performed sensitivity analyses using propensity score adjustment and variation in the definition of statin use. Results In our cohort, 1376 of the patients (12.5%) received 1 or more prescriptions for a statin. Patients using statins were more likely to be older, male, white, smokers, and have greater comorbidity than nonusers. Over a follow-up period of 9 years, 2% of statin users developed CRC compared with 3% of nonusers (age-adjusted odds ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.24–0.53). On multivariate analysis, statin use remained independently and inversely associated with CRC (odds ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.28–0.62). Our findings were robust on a variety of sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Conclusions Statin use was associated inversely with the risk of CRC in a large IBD cohort. Prospective studies on the role of statins as chemopreventive agents are warranted.
Prenatal Nicotine/Alcohol Exposure and ADHD

A retrospective, hospital-based, case-control study of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking, drug use, and alcohol was conducted in 280 ADHD cases and 242 non-ADHD controls at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Infertility: Experiences and Meanings

Infertility can be a stressful condition. It affects one out of six couples in the United States-at least ten million people. Whether conceived naturally or through enhanced fertility measures, 20% of clinical pregnancies end in miscarriage. This study will explore the experiences of women who have lived through infertility and the meanings they associate with it. The author used a qualitative research method that utilized a phenomenologist perspective. In this study four women were interviewed in-depth. The use of a self-reflexive journal by the author informed the research questions. The findings include emotional reactions, gender differences, support, learnings, benefits, advice, and strength related to the experience. This research may be significant for couple therapists and the medical community in understanding the experience of infertility.
Convection of North Pacific deep water during the early Cenozoic

The history of deep water formation and abyssal flow is poorly known but important to establish in order to develop a better understanding of changes in oceanic mass, heat, salt, and nutrient transport. North Atlantic high-latitude regions currently are the dominant deep water producers, but paleogeographic constraints, proxy interpretations, and physical models have suggested other modes for the past, such as those characterized by high-latitude Pacific sources, subtropical sources, or widespread, nonlocalized sources. Here we present new North Pacific Late Cretaceous–Paleogene Nd isotope data from fossil fish debris and detrital silicates, combined with results of coupled climate model simulations to test these hypothesized circulation modes. The data and model simulations support a circulation mode characterized by high-latitude, bipolar Pacific convection. Deep convection in the North Pacific, and likely the South Pacific, was most intense during the relatively “cool” portion of the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene and waned prior to the peak global warmth of the Early Eocene (ca. 52 Ma).
Application of air type bioreactor in vinegar fermentation

The production of vinegar using alcohol as the main material in air type bioreactor was studied in this paper.The optimal conditions were obtained as followed:the content of total substrate 6.5%,the ratio of acid and alcohol 1:1.50,fermentation temperature 30"C and the air volume 1: 0.16 v/v·min.Under these optimum conditions,the ultimate acidity,fermentation time and the average rate of acid production reached 5.58 g/100 ml, 24.1 h and 18.7 g/h,respectively.
Estimating detailed optical properties of window shades from basic available data and modeling implications on daylighting and visual comfort

Abstract Optical properties of window roller shades, which affect daylight performance, visual comfort, and energy use, are usually assumed constant or diffuse. This paper presents a comparison of modeling approaches for calculating shade optical properties and the potential effects on daylighting performance and visual comfort. An angular empirical model, only requiring basic inputs provided by manufacturers (openness factor and total normal visible transmittance), showed good agreement with measured data (integrated sphere measurements and measured BTDF data)with modifications needed only for high incidence angles. The impact of fabric modeling approaches on daylight distributions and glare evaluation was studied using four different shade modeling methods, comparing with full-scale experimental data and with annual daylight simulation results. The results confirm that predicting correct shade optical properties is an important component of daylighting calculation modules. Current “constant transmittance” or “non-angular” models may result in significant errors in daylight metrics and glare probability. Finally, the basic properties of 14 roller shade products were measured and compared with manufacturer’s data. Most listed data are inaccurate and there is no standard for accurate product specifications. It is necessary to develop a new methodology for characterizing, rating and labeling shading fabric products, considering their relative performance in terms of energy use, daylight provision and visual comfort.
Materials prediction via classification learning

In the paradigm of materials informatics for accelerated materials discovery, the choice of feature set (i.e. attributes that capture aspects of structure, chemistry and/or bonding) is critical. Ideally, the feature sets should provide a simple physical basis for extracting major structural and chemical trends and furthermore, enable rapid predictions of new material chemistries. Orbital radii calculated from model pseudopotential fits to spectroscopic data are potential candidates to satisfy these conditions. Although these radii (and their linear combinations) have been utilized in the past, their functional forms are largely justified with heuristic arguments. Here we show that machine learning methods naturally uncover the functional forms that mimic most frequently used features in the literature, thereby providing a mathematical basis for feature set construction without a priori assumptions. We apply these principles to study two broad materials classes: (i) wide band gap AB compounds and (ii) rare earth-main group RM intermetallics. The AB compounds serve as a prototypical example to demonstrate our approach, whereas the RM intermetallics show how these concepts can be used to rapidly design new ductile materials. Our predictive models indicate that ScCo, ScIr, and YCd should be ductile, whereas each was previously proposed to be brittle.
Role of Dynamics in Enzyme Catalysis: Substantial versus Semantic Controversies

ConspectusThe role of the enzyme’s dynamic motions in catalysis is at the center of heated contemporary debates among both theoreticians and experimentalists. Resolving these apparent disputes is of both intellectual and practical importance: incorporation of enzyme dynamics could be critical for any calculation of enzymatic function and may have profound implications for structure-based drug design and the design of biomimetic catalysts.Analysis of the literature suggests that while part of the dispute may reflect substantial differences between theoretical approaches, much of the debate is semantic. For example, the term “protein dynamics” is often used by some researchers when addressing motions that are in thermal equilibrium with their environment, while other researchers only use this term for nonequilibrium events. The last cases are those in which thermal energy is “stored” in a specific protein mode and “used” for catalysis before it can dissipate to its environment (i.e., “nonstatistical dynamic...
Evaluating Secrecy Outage of Physical Layer Security in Large-Scale MIMO Wireless Communications for Cyber-Physical Systems

Large-scale multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wireless system is regarded as a solution to provide high speed connection for exponentially increasing wireless subscriptions for emerging cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and Internet of Things. In order to realize its full potential, there are several challenges to be addressed to achieve high secrecy rate or data rate. In this paper, we analyze outage probability for secrecy rate in MIMO wireless systems in the presence of eavesdroppers and jammers for CPS devices. Our proposed approach takes into account the impact of jammers while finding the best response to minimize the jamming/interfering effect (or to enhance the secrecy rate) and the impact of eavesdropper in secrecy rates of the users. We present formal analysis for secrecy outage probability and interception probability considering Rayleigh fading scenario. The performance is evaluated by using numerical results obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. Numerical results indicate that the system performance is improved significantly when the users adapt their transmit vectors based on their observed interference values. Furthermore, the secrecy outage probability increases with power of jammer and the secrecy capacity decreases when jammer power increases. We observed that the proposed approach outperforms the other existing approaches.
A Prediction Algorithm for Real-Time Video Traffic Based on Wavelet Packet

Long-term prediction is a key problem in real-time video traffic applications. Most of real-time video traffic belong to VBR traffic and has specific properties such as time variation, non-linearity and long range dependence. In this paper, feature extraction method of real-time video traffic based on multi-scale wavelet packet decomposition is proposed. On this basis, LMS algorithm is adopted to predict wavelet coefficients. Through reverse wavelet transforms of the predicted wavelet coefficients, the long-term prediction of real-time video traffic is realized. Numerical and simulation results show that this long-term prediction algorithm can accurately track the variation trend of video signal and obtain an excellent prediction result.
Predicted thermal stresses in a bow-free adhesively bonded assembly for photonic packaging applications

There is an obvious incentive for the use of bow-free (temperature change insensitive) assemblies in photonic packaging. In this analysis we examine a bow-free adhesively bonded assembly with a bonding layer thick enough to produce an appreciable axial force. This force is necessary to create a bending moment that would be able to equilibrate the thermally induced moment due to the dissimilar adherends. The objective of the study is to develop simple analytical models for the evaluation of the thermally induced stresses in the assembly, and, particularly, in the bonding layer. Both the stresses in the layer cross-sections and the interfacial stresses are considered. Based on the calculated data, we conclude that the bonding layer in the assembly in question can still be made thin enough (about 4 mils or so), provided that the material and/or the thickness of at least one of the adherends is adequately chosen.
Optimized scatter/gather data operations for parallel storage

Scientific workflows contain an increasing number of interacting applications, often with big disparity between the formats of data being produced and consumed by different applications. This mismatch can result in performance degradation as data retrieval causes multiple read operations (often to a remote storage system) in order to convert the data. Although some parallel filesystems and middleware libraries attempt to identify access patterns and optimize data retrieval, they frequently fail if the patterns are complex. The goal of ASGARD is to replace I/O operations issued to a file by the processes with a single operation that passes enough semantic information to the storage system, so it can combine (and eventually optimize) the data movement. ASGARD allows application developers to define their application's abstract dataset as well as the subsets of the data (fragments) that are created and used by the HPC codes. It uses the semantic information to generate and execute transformation rules that convert the data between the the memory layouts of the producer and consumer applications, as well as the layout on nonvolatile storage. The transformation engine implements functionality similar to the scatter/gather support available in some file systems. Since data subsets are defined during the initialization phase, i.e., well in advance from the time they are used to store and retrieve data, the storage system has multiple opportunities to optimize both the data layout and the transformation rules in order to increase the overall I/O performance. In order to evaluate ASGARD's performance, we added support for ASGARD's transformation rules to Ceph's object store RADOS. We created Ceph data objects that allow custom data striping based on ASGARD's fragment definitions. Our tests with the extended RADOS show up to 5 times performance improvements for writes and 10 times performance improvements for reads over collective MPI I/O.
Nephrology at a Crossroads

Increasing work demands, high rates of burnout, and declining interest in nephrology as a career—these are issues that touch the lives of nephrologists everywhere, threatening to reduce job satisfaction and impair delivery of high-quality care to patients with kidney diseases. In this issue of the
Abstract 14433: Dietary Protein Intake Modifies the Genetic Risk on Insulin Resistance in the Pounds Lost Trial

Introduction: Genome-wide association studies have identified a group of genetic variants associated with insulin resistance (IR). Hypothesis: Participants with genetic risk of IR may respond differently to diet interventions on weight loss and improvement of insulin sensitivity. Methods: The Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial is a randomized, controlled 2-year weight-loss trial. We assessed the genetic risk of IR by a genetic risk score (GRS) based on 17 IR variants, and examined the genetic effect on changes in body weight and insulin sensitivity according to diet intervention groups in 692 overweight or obese adults. All models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and the baseline value for the respective outcome trait. Results: We observed significant interactions between the GRS and dietary protein on 6-month changes in weight, insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA-insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S) (P for interaction=0.03, 0.02, 0.02, and 0.03, respectively). In the low-protein diet group, participants with higher GRS showed less reduction in insulin (P=0.03) and HOMA-IR (P=0.03); whereas in the high-protein group, changes in insulin and HOMA-IR were not statistically different across the GRS tertiles (Figure). Fasting insulin levels rebounded in parallel with weight regain after 6 months, and the interactions between the GRS and diet interventions on weight change and improvement in insulin sensitivity were attenuated. Conclusions: Individuals with higher genetic risk of IR may benefit less in improvement of insulin sensitivity than those with lower genetic risk when choosing an energy-restricted low-protein weight-loss diet.
Conclusions: Recommendation for Practice and Future Research

In the final chapter of this book, on overview of a case study examining the Fidelity of Implementation of Assessment (FOI-A) for the Battelle Developmental Inventory—Second Edition (BDI-2) across one New England state is presented. Frameworks for understanding and improving the quality of assessment practices in early childhood special education, with an emphasis on Early Intervention, are provided. Led by the findings of this research study, the authors reflect on this work and its implications for improving educational outcomes for children and their families. Approaches to education and training that can support high-quality assessment practices for young children are discussed for both preservice and inservice professionals. The authors reflect on the use of checklists and observation protocols to support implementation of assessments. Based on the research, key practices to improve FOI-A are presented. In order to increase the amount of scientifically based understandings about FOI-A, recommendations for future research on this topic are shared. The chapter concludes with future research directions.
Collecting the Puerto Rican Colony: Spanish-American War Material Encounters between Officer-Wives and Puerto Ricans

Within a current moment characterized by widespread diaspora and debate about national identities, the American commonwealth of Puerto Rico stands at an economically perilous, politically liminal classificatory intersection as both American and a “cultural other.” This article presents an on-the-ground, collection-oriented intervention for documenting and interpreting the origins of the island's complex colonial relationship with the United States. Tacking between objects, texts, and photographs, the historical context of the Spanish-American War is explored through the case study of the Puerto Rican Ethnological Collection at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). The NMNH's assemblage reveals previously unrecognized intercultural exchanges between officer-wife collectors (collectors who were the wives of military officers stationed in Puerto Rico) and local makers. The perspectives of these two differentially disenfranchised, yet agential, groups, which formed part of the ideological formation of Puerto Rico within a nationalist museum imaginary, simultaneously reconstruct and complicate Puerto Rican narratives. [Puerto Rico, Caribbean, Spanish-American War, women collectors, miniatures]
Iodine Deficiency and the Brain: An Overview

This chapter reviews the clinical aspects, epidemiology, pathogenesis and the progress made toward global elimination of brain damage caused by iodine deficiency. Iodine deficiency is recognized by WHO as the most common cause of preventable brain damage, with an at-risk population in excess of 2 billion from 130 countries. The most severe effect is endemic cretinism, which is characterized by mental defect, deaf mutism and spastic diplegia. This condition is not reversible, but can be completely prevented by correction of iodine deficiency before pregnancy. The effects of iodine deficiency on the brain have been confirmed by animal studies in sheep, rats and the marmoset monkey. There is considerable variation in the effects of iodine deficiency on brain development, with a mean loss of 13.5 IQ points in an iodine-deficient population. Since 1990, there has been a global program for the elimination of brain damage due to iodine deficiency. By 2000, 68% of the population at risk had been covered by USI, which requires all salt for human and animal consumption to be iodized with potassium iodate at a level of 20–40 mg iodine/kg of salt.
The Sec13p complex and reconstitution of vesicle budding from the ER with purified cytosolic proteins

Abstract SEC13 encodes a 33 kDa protein that participates in vesicle budding from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In order to purify a functional form of Sec13p, a SEC13-dihydrofolate reductase (mouse) fusion gene (SEC13:DHFR) was constructed that complements both sec13 temperature sensitive and null mutations. Methotrexate-agarose affinity chromatography facilitated the purification of two forms of the Sec13-dhfrp fusion protein: a monomeric form and a high molecular weight complex. The complex form consists of two subunits: Sec13-dhfrp and a 150 kDa protein (p150). Native immunoprecipitation experiments confirm that Sec13p exists in a complex with p150 in wild type cells. Functional analysis supports a role for both subunits in protein transport. Vesicle budding from the ER in a cell-free reaction is inhibited by Fab antibody fragments directed against either Sec13p or p150. The purified Sec13-dhfrp/p150 complex, but not the Sec13-dhfrp monomer, in combination with two other pure protein fractions (Sar1p and a Sec23/Sec24 protein complex) satisfies the requirement for cytosol in a cell-free vesicle budding reaction. The vesicles formed with the purified protein fractions are competent to fuse with the Golgi and are biochemically distinct from the ER membrane fraction from which they derive.
An Alternative Continuization Method: The Continuized Log-Linear Method

von Davier, Holland and Thayer (2004b, pp. 45–47) described a five-step, test-equating framework: (a) presmoothing, (b) estimating score probabilities, (c) continuization, (d) equating, and (e) calculating the standard error of equating. In this framework, the presmoothing step is usually done with log-linear smoothing. Step 2 is to transform smoothed distribution into two marginal distributions for the target population (sometimes called synthetic population). In their framework, Step 3 is done with an adjusted Gaussian kernel procedure.
Modern microprocessor built from complementary carbon nanotube transistors

Electronics is approaching a major paradigm shift because silicon transistor scaling no longer yields historical energy-efficiency benefits, spurring research towards beyond-silicon nanotechnologies. In particular, carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNFET)-based digital circuits promise substantial energy-efficiency benefits, but the inability to perfectly control intrinsic nanoscale defects and variability in carbon nanotubes has precluded the realization of very-large-scale integrated systems. Here we overcome these challenges to demonstrate a beyond-silicon microprocessor built entirely from CNFETs. This 16-bit microprocessor is based on the RISC-V instruction set, runs standard 32-bit instructions on 16-bit data and addresses, comprises more than 14,000 complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor CNFETs and is designed and fabricated using industry-standard design flows and processes. We propose a manufacturing methodology for carbon nanotubes, a set of combined processing and design techniques for overcoming nanoscale imperfections at macroscopic scales across full wafer substrates. This work experimentally validates a promising path towards practical beyond-silicon electronic systems. A 16-bit microprocessor built from over 14,000 carbon nanotube transistors may enable energy efficiency advances in electronics technologies beyond silicon.
Factors Associated with Exposure to Trihalomethanes, NHANES 2001–2012

Disinfection is critical for maintaining a safe water supply, but the use of chlorine or chloramine leads to exposure to disinfection byproducts (DBPs), including trihalomethanes (THMs), which have been associated with adverse reproductive outcomes and bladder cancer. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency revised the DBP regulations starting in 1998 to further limit levels of THMs in household water. We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 2001 and 2012 (with 2 years per cycle) using models with and without water-related predictors to examine the utility of including these measures. Median blood chloroform levels (25th-75th percentiles) were 16.2 (9.13-31.2) ng/L in 2001-2002 and 5.97 (2.92-12.3) ng/L in 2011-2012. Median blood bromodichloromethane (BDCM) levels (25th-75th percentiles) were 2.22 (1.06-4.61) ng/L in 2001-2002 and 1.18 (<limit of detection-2.92) ng/L in 2011-2012. THM water concentrations and measures of the recency since time spent in water use activities were associated with blood THM levels. Being in a pool/hot tub/sauna within 24 h or taking a shower/bath within 6 h of blood collection was associated with elevated blood levels of chloroform and BDCM. When possible, it is important to include recency and external dose when assessing associations to internal dose levels for nonpersistent compounds.
New Strategies in Enhancing Spinal Fusion

The biologic steps involved in creating a bony fusion between adjacent segments of the spine are a complex and highly coordinated series of events. There have been significant advancements in bone grafts and bone graft substitutes in order to augment spinal fusion. While autologous bone grafting remains the gold standard, allograft bone grafting, synthetic bone graft substitutes, and bone graft enhancers are appropriate in certain clinical situations. This article provides an overview of the basic biology of spinal fusion and strategies for enhancing fusion through innovations in bone graft material.
Covid-19: how Japan squandered its early jump on the pandemic.

Japan’s low covid-19 infection numbers were a wonder but led to a lapse in public vigilance. Now, an explosion of cases has escalated measures that may be too little, too late, writes Erika Hayasaki
Explicating practice norms and tensions between values in resident training in family medicine.

Residency programs have the intricate and complex role of training health care providers. But little is known about what residents and attendings consider norms of practice or the tensions among different values residents are expected to uphold. Thus, dialogical and reflective frameworks are being explored for resident learning. This study examined the use of facilitated conversations with groups of residents and attending physicians while reviewing video-recorded resident–patient interactions. The conversations were recorded, transcribed, and qualitatively analyzed. A total of 24 residents and 10 attendings participated in conversations while separately and in parallel groups reviewing 15 resident sessions. Residents explicated the norms of practice and evaluated their performance, which often agreed with those of attending physicians in calling out important learning opportunities. When disagreement occurred, residents’ explications of their reasoning were often relevant and, via reflection and dialogue, helped clarify intentions that were not apparent in the videos. Residents and attendings often judged actions on more than one domain of value. For instance, if a resident addressed problems, built relationships in a timely manner, and acted autonomously without jeopardizing the quality of care, she satisfactorily performed her duty. Practice norms and value struggles were addressed by participants during reviews, which provided a promising framework for learning and assessment. Also, the non-hierarchical structure opened space to acknowledge a diversity of positions and for tensions among values to be explicated.
Year-Round, Routine Testing of Multiple Body Site Specimens for Human Parechovirus in Young Febrile Infants

Objectives To test our hypothesis that routine year-round testing of specimens from multiple body sites and genotyping of detected virus would describe seasonal changes, increase diagnostic yield, and provide a better definition of clinical manifestations of human parechovirus (PeV-A) infections in young febrile infants. Study design PeV-A reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was incorporated in routine evaluation of infants aged ≤60 days hospitalized at Nationwide Children's Hospital for fever and/or suspected sepsis-like syndrome beginning in July 2013. We reviewed electronic medical records of infants who tested positive for PeV-A between July 2013 and September 2016. Genotyping was performed with specific type 3 RT-PCR and sequencing. Results Of 1475 infants evaluated, 130 (9%) tested positive for PeV-A in 1 or more sites: 100 (77%) in blood, 84 (65%) in a nonsterile site, and 53 (41%) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Five infants (4%) were CSF-only positive, 31 (24%) were blood-only positive, and 20 (15%) were nonsterile site–only positive. PeV-A3 was the most common type (85%) and the only type detected in CSF. Although the majority (79%) of infections were diagnosed between July and December, PeV-A was detected year-round. The median age at detection was 29 days. Fever (96%), fussiness (75%), and lymphopenia (56%) were common. Among infants with PeV-A–positive CSF, 77% had no CSF pleocytosis. The median duration of hospitalization was 41 hours. Four infants had bacterial coinfections diagnosed within 24 hours of admission; 40 infants had viral coinfections. Conclusions Although most frequent in summer and fall, PeV-A infections were encountered in every calendar month within the 3-year period of study. More than one-half of patients had PeV-A detected at more than 1 body site. Coinfections were common. PeV-A3 was the most common type identified and the only type detected in the CSF.
Production Economics of Wheat in Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate: Desouk District, a Case Study

This researcher aims to identify the economic efficiency of the wheat crop during the period (2000 - 2017 AD), and the research relied on analyzing data on some methods of descriptive and quantitative economic analysis that help in achieving the research goal through field data collected through a random sample of farmers Its strength reached 150 subjects in the village of Sanhour, of Desouk, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. The most important research results were the presence of statistically significant significant differences in the net acre yield of the crop under study, the continuous trend of marketing margins towards the rise, low marketing efficiency, and the direction of the agricultural product's share from the consumer pounds to the decrease as well as the presence of a wheat-food gap and also a decrease in the rate of self-sufficiency,.Key words :Economic efficiency, crop yields, marketing margins, wheat food gap, marketing efficienc, Wheat, food security.
Topological Field Theories and Space-Time Singularity

Based on a study of recently proposed solution of 2 dim. black hole we argue that the space-time singularities of general relativity may be described by topological field theories (TFTs). We also argue that in general TFT is a field theory which decsribes singular configurations with a reduced holonomy in its field space.
Erich Fromm’s Legacy and Contribution to the Early Frankfurt School

Understanding Erich Fromm’s messianism requires a preliminary exploration of his early life and work, since his contributions have been widely misrepresented, and since he was not an isolated scholar but an activist and a public intellectual. It is also necessary to respond to some widespread myths about Fromm’s role in the Frankfurt School1 in order to show that Fromm was a central figure in the Frankfurt School and a radical, serious, and original thinker.
Excess healthcare costs in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by renal dysfunction stage.

To build upon previous outdated studies by comprehensively assessing the direct healthcare burden of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).Patients with ≥2 diagnoses for ADPKD (ADPKD...
"We Do Not Want Him Because He Is a Jew": The Montreal Interns' Strike of 1934.

Speeches by modern-day White supremacists often include such statements as "Jews will not replace us." In 1934, the French-speaking medical interns of Montreal's Roman Catholic hospitals went on strike because, they alleged, a Jew "replaced" a Roman Catholic French Canadian. Anti-Semitic social and economic boycotts and educational quotas were in existence in Canada from the 19th through the mid-20th century. There were particularly strong anti-immigrant and anti-Semitic feelings in the first half of the 20th century in Quebec, along with anti-Semitic pro-fascist political parties. In 1934, Montreal's Hopital Notre-Dame (HND), a teaching hospital of the Universite de Montreal (UM) medical school, was unable to hire a full complement of medical interns from among the newly graduated French-speaking Roman Catholic medical students. The hospital hired a French-speaking Jewish graduate of UM, Samuel Rabinovitch. The prospective interns at HND submitted a petition demanding that Rabinovitch be fired, stating, "We do not want him because he is a Jew." On 14 and 15 June 1934, HND's interns went on strike to prevent Rabinovitch from taking up his duties. The strike spread to multiple hospitals in Montreal. A Jewish urology trainee at the Hotel Dieu hospital, Abram Stilman, was also targeted. Rabinovitch resigned in order to bring the strike to an end. The strike buttressed the case in the first half of the 20th century for American and Canadian Jewish hospitals and medical schools to ensure the education of Jewish physicians, reminds us of the origins of the slogans of modern White supremacists, and reinforces the historical basis of efforts to promote diversity and inclusion in medical education.
A Pilot Study using Covert Visuospatial Attention as an EEG-based Brain Computer Interface to Enhance AR Interaction

In this work we propose a prototype which combines an existing augmented reality (AR) headset, the Microsoft HoloLens 2, with an electroencephalogram (EEG) Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system based on covert visuospatial attention (CVSA) – a process of focusing attention on different regions of the visual field without overt eye movements. In this work we did not rely on any stimulus-driven responses. Fourteen participants were able to test the system over the course of two days. To the best of our knowledge, this system is the first AR EEG-BCI integrated prototype that explores the complementary features of the AR headset like HoloLens 2 and the CVSA paradigm.
Causal Overdetermination and Modal Compatibilism

Compatibilists respond to the problem of causal exclusion for nonreductive physicalism by rejecting the exclusionist’s ban on overdetermination. By the compatibilist’s lights there are two forms of overdetermination, one that’s problematic and another that is entirely benign. Furthermore, multiple causation by “tightly related” causes requires only the benign form of overdetermination. Call this the tight relation strategy for avoiding problematic forms of overdetermination. To justify the tight relation strategy, modal compatibilists appeal to a widely accepted counterfactual test. The argument of this paper is that the counterfactual test fails to legitimize the tight relation strategy as it fails to adequately distinguish between problematic and benign overdetermination. Contrary to modal compatibilists, modal dependence does not suffice for benignity. I conclude by arguing that adequately addressing overdetermination worries requires a much heavier metaphysical burden than modal compatibilists have typically recognized.
Toward the essential nature of statistical knowledge in sense resolution

The statistical basis for sense resolution decisions is arrived at by the application of a process to a corpus of instances. In general, once the process has been applied to the corpus, the system contains both some residual representation of the instances and some explicit augmentation of that representation with information that was implicit in the corpus. For example, part of the residual representation of He feels happy on Fridays might be the (word sense) pair (happy feel-as-emotion), and part of the augmentation might be the probability of happy co-occurring with the sense of feel as an emotion. We show that for the simple residual representation of (word sense) pairs, the existence of such a representation in and of itself captures much of the regularity inherent in the data. We also demonstrate that augmenting the residual representation with the actual number of times each pair occurs in the training corpus provides most of the remainder of the power of probabalistic approaches. Finally, we show how viewing this residual representation as a form of episodic memory can enable symbolic, knowledge-rich systems to take advantage of this source of regularity in performing sense resolution.
Biophotonics for observing biological computation: from single molecules of DNA to intact brains

The genetic code and the brain are enormously successful biological information processing systems. Biophotonics uses linear and nonlinear optical processes to observe these systems operating in their proper context, from single molecules to intact brains.
FPGA-accelerated Simulink simulations of electrical machines

This paper presents work that uses field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to accelerate Simulink simulations of electrical machines on a desktop computer by more than 100 times. These simulations operate and can be modified transparently in the Simulink environment with no FPGA expertise required. This offers the prospect of low-cost, highperformance simulation workstations supporting large simulations that do not require excessive execution times. Additionally, the work includes multi-rate and limited non-linear capabilities.
Fundus lesions in malignant hypertension. IV. Focal intraretinal periarteriolar transudates.

Abstract Experimental renovascular malignant arterial hypertension was produced in 57 rhesus monkeys by a modified Goldblatt's procedure and their eyes were studied by serial ophthalmoscopy, by stereoscopic color fundus photography, and by fluorescein fundus angiography over a period of months or years. A very common, and one of the earliest, lesions in hypertensive retinopathy was focal intraretinal periarteriolar transudates (FIPTs). In the past, FIPTs have been described erroneously as "cotton-wool spots" The two types of lesions differ very much in shape, size, color, location, fluorescein fundus angiographic pattern, resolution pattern, life cycle, and pathogenesis. FIPTs, on ophthalmoscopy, usually are pinpoint to pinhead size, round or oval, dull white in color, and situated in deeper layers of the retina and beside the major retinal arteries and their main branches. On fluorescein angiography, FIPTs show multiple punctate foci of fluorescein leakage from dilated precapillary retinal arterioles, and there is no focal retinal capillary obliteration. They usually last for two to three weeks, and on resolution leave no ophthalmoscopic, angiographic, or microvascular abnormality. Cotton-wool spots are seen in a variety of retinopathies; FIPTs, however, are a specific retinal lesion of malignant arterial hypertension only. They develop due to breakdown of blood-retinal barrier in precapillary retinal arterioles, due to dilatation of the arterioles from failure of autoregulation (caused by severe rise of blood pressure)
Infrared variability from circumbinary disc temperature modulations

The temperature of a circumbinary disc edge should undulate due to variations in illumination as a function of binary orbital phase. We explore circumbinary disc temperature variations as a source of broad-band infrared light curve variability. Approximating the wall of a circumbinary disc edge as a wide optically thick cylinder with surface temperature dependent on its illumination, we find that a binary comprised of 1 M$_\odot$ and 0.5 M$_\odot$ pre-main sequence stars in a $\sim$15.5 day period, would exhibit the largest amplitude variations of $\sim$9% at 3.77 and 4.68 {\mu}m as seen by a distant observer. The amplitude of variations and shape of the light curve is sensitive to the luminosity and mass ratios of the stars in the binary, the radius of the circumbinary disc clearing, the binary separation, and the orbital inclination. The light curve variations are smooth and very red with a non-sinusoidal shape for most of the parameter space explored. Possible morphologies include a single peak with a flat region, two peaks of different heights or a single dip.
Envy-free pricing with general supply constraints

The envy-free pricing problem can be stated as finding a pricing and allocation scheme in which each consumer is allocated a set of items that maximize her utility under the pricing. The goal is to maximize seller revenue.We study the problem with general supply constraints which are given as an independence system1 defined over the items. The constraints, for example, can be a number of linear constraints or matroids. This captures the situation where items do not pre-exist, but are produced in reflection of consumer valuation of the items under the limit of resources. This paper focuses on the case of unit-demand consumers. In the setting, there are n consumers and m items; each item may be produced in multiple copies. Each consumer i ∈ [n] has a valuation vij on item j in the set Si in which she is interested. She must be allocated (if any) an item which gives the maximum (non-negative) utility. Suppose we are given an a-approximation oracle for finding the maximum weight independent set for the given independence system (or a slightly stronger oracle); for a large number of natural and interesting supply constraints, constant approximations are available. We obtain the following results. - O(α log n)-approximation for the general case. - O(αk)-approximation when each consumer is interested in at most k distinct types of items. - O(αf)-approximation when each item is interesting to at most f consumers. Note that the final two results were previously unknown even without the independence system constraint.
Alterations in Dopamine Release But Not Dopamine Autoreceptor Function in Dopamine D3 Receptor Mutant Mice

Dopamine (DA) autoreceptors expressed along the somatodendritic extent of midbrain DA neurons modulate impulse activity, whereas those expressed at DA nerve terminals regulate both DA synthesis and release. Considerable evidence has indicated that these DA autoreceptors are of the D2 subtype of DA receptors. However, many pharmacological studies have suggested an autoreceptor role for the DA D3 receptor. This possibility was tested with mice lacking the D3 receptor as a result of gene targeting. The basal firing rates of DA neurons within both the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area were not different in D3 receptor mutant and wild-type mice. The putative D3receptor-selective agonist R (+)- trans -3,4,4 a ,10 b -tetrahydro-4-propyl-2 H ,5 H -(1)benzopyrano(4,3- b )−1,4-oxazin-9-ol (PD 128907) was equipotent at inhibiting the activity of both populations of midbrain DA neurons in the two groups of mice. In the γ-butyrolactone (GBL) model of DA autoreceptor function, mutant and wild-type mice were identical with respect to striatal DA synthesis and its suppression by PD 128907. In vivo microdialysis studies of DA release in ventral striatum revealed higher basal levels of extracellular DA in mutant mice but similar inhibitory effects of PD 128907 in mutant and wild-type mice. These results suggest that the effects of PD 128907 on dopamine cell function reflect stimulation of D2 as opposed to D3 receptors. Although D3 receptors do not seem to be significantly involved in DA autoreceptor function, they may participate in postsynaptically activated short-loop feedback modulation of DA release.
Prenatal Findings in Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return A Diagnostic Road Map Starts With Obstetric Screening Views

Author(s): Ganesan, Suguna; Brook, Michael M; Silverman, Norman H; Moon-Grady, Anita J | Abstract: ObjectivesOptimal perinatal management of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) involves timely identification followed by surgical correction. Antenatal diagnosis, however, has long been a challenge. We aimed to identify consistent prenatal sonographic features in this condition in a large cohort in whom the diagnosis was made antenatally and confirmed postnatally.MethodsWe conducted a systematic retrospective review of the 2-dimensional and Doppler sonographic features that had helped make the diagnosis of TAPVR at our institution from 2001 to 2012.ResultsTwenty-six patients had prenatal diagnosis of TAPVR (mean gestational age, 24.1 weeks). Four of the fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis represented isolated cases of TAPVR; 22 had heterotaxy syndrome, additional cardiac abnormalities, or both. Prenatally diagnosed abnormal pulmonary venous connections were supracardiac (type I) in 18 cases, cardiac (type II) in 1, and infradiaphragmatic (type III) in 7. Lack of a visible connection of the pulmonary veins to the atrium (100%) and the presence of a visible venous confluence on axial 4-chamber views (96%) were the most consistent findings. Cardiac asymmetry and the presence of additional vertical venous channels on 3-vessel or axial abdominal views were also noted but less consistently. Abnormal pulmonary venous spectral Doppler findings were present in 25 of the 26 fetuses.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of TAPVR can be suspected on standard axial views included in second-trimester obstetric screening examinations of the fetal heart and confirmed on fetal echocardiography with the use of pulsed wave Doppler imaging. Clues recognizable on obstetric sonographic screening have the potential to contribute to increasing the diagnostic yield for prenatal detection of TAPVR.
Efficient kernel calculation of cylindrical antennas

This paper presents a technique for evaluating analytically and without limitation the singular part of the kernel integral of cylindrical wires due to uniform current distribution. This approach uses the static Green's function expression in cylindrical coordinates. The formula of the singular part converges rapidly and illustrates its usefulness for kernel calculations without loss of accuracy. >
Fabrication of micro-structured tunnels in PMMA using P-beam writing

Deep buried layered microstructures have many potential applications as sensors, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), and optical devices, but it has always been challenging to obtain a minimum number of process steps to produce these structures. A single step ion irradiation process has been used to fabricate buried tunnels with 3 MeV P-beam writing by utilizing enhanced end-of-range damage in thick polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Creation of the buried tunnels in PMMA with a single energy irradiation step was found to be strongly dependent on the ion fluence and chemical developing process. The fabrication of a modular large scale complex pattern involving tunneled microstructures is presented as an example of this novel technique.
EXISTENCE OF PERIODIC SOLUTIONS PASSING NEAR BOTH MASSES OF THE RESTRICTED THREE-BODY PROBLEM

Periodic solutions passing near both masses of the restricted three-body problem - keplerian ellipses