cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in sociodemographic and behavioral influences of physical activity in Mexican-origin adolescents.

Background:Understanding the factors that contribute to physical activity (PA) in Mexican-origin adolescents is essential to the design of effective efforts to enhance PA participation in this population. Methods:Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic and behavioral correlates of self-reported PA in school and community settings in 1154 Mexican-origin adolescents aged 12–17 years in Houston, TX. Results:The majority of adolescents were born in the US (74%), approximately half (51%) were overweight or obese, and nearly three-quarters (73%) watched more than 2 hours of weekday television. Similarities and differences by setting and gender were observed in the relationships between sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and PA. In boys, parental education and attending physical education (PE) were positively associated with PA across multiple PA outcomes. Adolescent linguistic acculturation was inversely associated with participation in community sports, whereas pare...
Effect of varying the nanostructured porous-Si process parameters on the performance of Pd-doped hydrogen sensor

Abstract The process parameters of a nanoporous silicon-based Pd-doped H2 system were varied to investigate the sensor response. In particular, the influence of anodization current density, etching time and active layer (Pd) thickness were correlated to the sensor's response time and stability. The structure and morphology of the pores along with Pd distribution in the porous matrix has been found to govern the sensor response. Additionally, formation of Pd2Si in samples etched for 45 min and nucleation of silica nanowires for 12 nm thick Pd samples were experimentally observed. The change in electrical resistance was monitored while testing the device in the range of 0–1.5% H2. The optimal process parameters for stable and rapid sensing of H2 were found in samples etched for 30 min subjected to an anodic current density of 10.2 mA/cm2.
Fundamentals of ion–molecule chemistry

The dependence of ion–molecule reactions on kinetic and internal energy is explored from both experimental and theoretical points of view. The conversion of raw data (ion intensities versus laboratory energies) to instrument independent information (reaction cross sections versus center-of-mass energies) is explained in detail. The characteristic experimental behavior of ion–molecule reactions as a function of kinetic energy is illustrated and then theoretically characterized. The conversion and relationship between reaction cross sections and rate constants is provided along with examples. The changes in reaction efficiencies with changes in internal excitation are examined, with appropriate examples. Various explanations for why exothermic ion–molecule reactions are not always efficient are then provided along with several illustrative experimental cases. The factors that influence the efficiency of dissociative processes are also elucidated. The relevance of these various considerations for application to atomic mass spectrometry is explored throughout.
Dielectric Properties of Sputtered BST on Ir Electrodes

The dielectric constant and dispersion of sputtered barium strontium titanate (BST) thin films deposited on Ir electrodes have been measured as a function of frequency and dielectric film thickness. Based on the measured variation in capacitance density with BST film thickness, an interfacial capacitance and thin film capacitance have been extracted. The variation of the interfacial capacitance density and the thin film capacitance density with frequency indicates that the majority of dispersion measured for BST deposited on Ir electrodes is due to the interfacial capacitance, in contrast to results found for Pt electrodes [1]. The temperature dependence of the interfacial capacitance and thin film capacitance has also been measured for these electrodes.
Spousal Support Satisfaction as a Modifier of Physiological Responses to Marital Conflict in Younger and Older Couples

We investigated linkages between spousal support satisfaction and affective, cortisol, and blood pressure responses to conflict in two samples, 85 newlyweds and 31 older couples, married an average of 42 years. Couples were admitted to a hospital research unit and provided self-reports regarding the support received from their spouses. After a baseline period, couples engaged in a 30-min conflict discussion during which time blood was drawn for cortisol assessment. After the conflict, newlyweds' blood pressure was measured. Among newlywed wives, greater spousal support satisfaction was associated with smaller changes in negative affect and cortisol responses to conflict. Notably, newlywed wives and husbands demonstrated lower blood pressure after conflict when spousal support satisfaction was higher. In contrast, older husbands (but not wives) exhibited greater cortisol responses when spousal support satisfaction was lower. These relationships provide a window on mechanisms linking marriage and health for men and women across the life span.
On the Problem of Reversibility of the Entropy Power Inequality

As was shown recently by the authors, the entropy power inequality can be reversed for independent summands with sufficiently concave densities, when the distributions of the summands are put in a special position. In this note it is proved that reversibility is impossible over the whole class of convex probability distributions. Related phenomena for identically distributed summands are also discussed.
Superconducting microstrip hairpin filter with BaTiO/sub 3/ patches

A high temperature superconducting microstrip line hairpin filter with BaTiO/sub 3/ has been designed and fabricated. The design and the filter simulation were done using Genesys software from Eagleware. In order to maximize the quality factor of the filter, the microstrip lines were made of superconducting YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/. A YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ thin film was deposited on a LaAlO/sub 3/ single crystal substrate using pulsed laser deposition. The microstrip line hairpin filter was then patterned and tested at cryogenic temperatures. A BaTiO/sub 3/ thin film was then deposited and patterned to form patches between the resonators. Microwave tests of the filter with and without the BaTiO/sub 3/ patches were performed at low temperatures. The filter has measured center frequency of 1.65 GHz with a bandwidth of 20 MHz. The results show the effect of using BaTiO/sub 3/ patches on top of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/. The most current results on the performance of the filter will be presented.
Effects of canopy structure and cultural treatments on the survival and growth of Pinus palustris Mill. seedlings underplanted in Pinus taeda L. stands

Abstract Longleaf pine restoration is a common management objective in the southeastern United States and requires artificial regeneration of longleaf pines on sites currently dominated by loblolly pine. In many cases, retention of canopy trees during stand conversion may be desirable to promote ecological function and meet conservation objectives. We tested the effects of seven harvesting treatments that varied residual canopy density and distribution, in conjunction with additional cultural treatments (herbicides and fertilizer), on the mortality and growth of longleaf pine seedlings underplanted in loblolly pine stands. We observed no change in the root collar diameter of longleaf pine seedlings planted in plots with no canopy removal (residual basal area of 16 m 2 /ha) over three growing seasons. Clearcutting resulted in the greatest seedling growth and the greatest percentage of seedlings that had emerged from the grass stage, although mean seedling size within canopy gaps did not differ from that within clearcut plots. Within canopy gaps, seedling root collar diameter did not significantly increase beyond 10 m from the forest edge. Canopy trees provided an apparent facilitation effect on longleaf pine seedling survival, with the highest mortality in clearcut plots and on the northern half of canopy gaps. Releasing planted longleaf pine seedlings with herbicides resulted in a moderate increase in the percentage of seedlings in height growth but had no effect on root collar diameter. Our results demonstrate trade-offs between longleaf pine seedling survival and growth associated with canopy retention but also suggest that managers have some degree of flexibility in prescribing harvesting treatments to meet restoration objectives on sites currently dominated by loblolly pines.
Hydro-gravitational-dynamics cosmology is crucial to astrobiology and the biological big bang at two million years

Hydro-Gravitational-Dynamics (HGD) cosmology predicts that the 10 12 s (30 Kyr) H-He 4 plasma protogalaxies become, by viscous fragmentation, proto-globular-star-cluster PGC clumps of a trillion small planets, at the 10 13 s transition to gas. Larger planets and stars result from mergers of these hot 3000 K hydrogen planets in the PGCs. Stardust oxides of life chemicals C, N, O, Fe, Si seed the planets when the stars explode as supernovae. Hydrogen reduces the metal oxides and silicates to metal and rocky planet cores with massive hot water oceans at critical water temperature 647 K in which organic chemistry and life can develop. Because information is continually exchanged between the merging planets, they form a cosmic soup. The biological big bang occurs between 2 Myr when liquid water rains hot deep oceans in the cooling cosmos, and 8 Myr when the oceans freeze 6 . Thus, HGD cosmology explains the Hoyle/Wickramasinghe concept of cometary panspermia by giving a vast, hot, nourishing, cosmological primordial soup for abiogenesis, and the means for transmitting the resulting life forms and their evolving RNA/DNA mechanisms widely throughout the universe. A primordial astrophysical basis is provided for astrobiology by HGD cosmology. Concordance ΛCDMHC cosmology is rendered obsolete by the observation of complex life on Earth.
A Survey of hp-Adaptive Strategies for Elliptic Partial Differential Equations

The hp version of the finite element method (hp-FEM) combined with adaptive mesh refinement is a particularly efficient method for solving partial differential equations because it can achieve a convergence rate that is exponential in the number of degrees of freedom. hp-FEM allows for refinement in both the element size, h, and the polynomial degree, p. Like adaptive refinement for the h version of the finite element method, a posteriori error estimates can be used to determine where the mesh needs to be refined, but a single error estimate can not simultaneously determine whether it is better to do the refinement by h or by p. Several strategies for making this determination have been proposed over the years. In this paper we summarize these strategies and demonstrate the exponential convergence rates with two classic test problems.
Throttling back the heart's molecular motor

A young athlete collapses and dies during competition. Autopsy reveals an enlarged heart with thickened walls in which the cardiac muscle cells are in disarray and surrounded by fibrotic tissue. Until 1990, the cause of such sudden death was unknown. This devastating condition, called familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), was eventually linked to a mutation in myosin ( 1 ), the heart's molecular motor. Today, more than 300 separate HCM-causing mutations have been identified throughout the myosin molecule. On page 617 of this issue, Green et al. ( 2 ) describe a small molecule that binds to myosin and inhibits its activity, delaying the onset and progression of the disease in a mouse model. The study offers hope that a “simple” remedy for HCM may be possible.
Pituitary-adrenal and adrenomedullary responses to noise in awake dogs

Experiments characterized the dynamics of the pituitary and adrenocortical response to noise in awake dogs to determine if a dissociation exists between changes in plasma bioactive (bio) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and immunoreactive (ir) ACTH. In addition, experiments determined the temporal relationship between cardiovascular, adrenomedullary, and adrenocortical responses induced by the acute presentation of noise. Trained dogs were prepared chronically with adrenal venous and femoral arterial cannulas. Experiments were done 48-96 h postsurgery and consisted of presentation of noise (75 dB; 0.25-8 kHz) for 3 min (n = 6) or of blood sampling alone (n = 5). In response to noise, mean arterial pressure and heart rate increased at 30 s and returned to base line at 4 min. Adrenal secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine increased at 1 min and remained elevated until 4 min. Adrenal blood flow increased from 2 to 4 min as the result of a parallel increase in adrenal vascular conductance. Plasma bioACTH increased from 6 to 15 min in parallel with that of plasma irACTH. Before noise, the ratio of bioACTH to irACTH was 0.2-0.3, but the absolute change in bioACTH and irACTH after noise was not different. The increase in plasma ACTH occurred concomitant with or preceded an increase in cortisol secretion. Blood sampling alone caused no change in any variable. These data show that unexpected noise evokes a sequence of responses with rapid onset that includes tachycardia, hypertension, and increases in adrenomedullary secretion and adrenal vascular conductance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Psychological Distress Among HIV-Positive Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Thailand

The HIV infection rates among women have been reported at 1–3 % in different parts of Thailand. Most HIV transmission has been found to be heterosexual through husband/partner’s promiscuity in Thailand. However, when infected with the virus, Thai women can feel stigmatized and depressed. This chapter will include topics concerning HIV-positive pregnant and postpartum Thai women in relation to their lived experiences, psychological disturbances (depressive symptoms), physical symptoms, a Buddhist way to cope with HIV infection, and recommendations for health-care professionals.
Velocity and doubling time of prostate-specific antigen: mathematics can matter

Changes in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values are often reported as velocity or doubling time. We compared the association of these two calculations—at the time of PSA failure after primary treatment for prostate cancer—with prostate cancer mortality. From a source population of 1313 US Veterans with prostate cancer, including 623 treated with curative intent, the study population included 242 men experiencing biochemical failure, 81 after surgery and 161 after radiation therapy. Clinically relevant calculations of PSA velocity (linear slope) and PSA doubling time (logarithmic slope) were assessed for their association with 11–16 years of mortality from prostate cancer. Death due to prostate cancer occurred in 52/242 (21.5%) men. Among men receiving surgery, PSA velocity ≥1.0 ng/mL/year was associated with increased prostate cancer mortality (HR=4.2, p value=0.037), whereas doubling time ≤12 months did not confer risk (HR=1.0, p value=0.95). Conversely, among patients receiving radiation therapy, doubling time ≤12 months was associated with increased prostate cancer mortality (HR=2.4, p value=0.049), but velocity did not confer a statistically significant risk (HR=3.8, p value=0.19). When assessing risk of prostate cancer mortality, PSA velocity can be more predictive after surgery and PSA doubling time can be more predictive after radiation therapy.
Evidence that filterable phosphorus is a significant atmospheric link in the phosphorus cycle

Deposition of phosphorus from the atmosphere was measured weekly over 7 annual cycles in the montane region of Colorado, USA. Deposition of phosphorus consistently reached a sharp peak in early summer, near the beginning of maximum biological activity. The peak is associated with soluble phosphorus capable of passing through a filter. Pollen studies show that the peak cannot be accounted for by leaching of phosphorus from pollen, and the amounts of miscellaneous mineral and organic particulate materials are too small to account for the peak. The study thus indicates transport of filterable, water-soluble phosphorus substance, probably of biogenic origin, in large amounts over a short period of time. This transport mechanism, heretofore unsuspected, may account for significant long-distance phosphorus transport.
Myocardial damage and change of plasma angiotensin II after brain injury in rats

Objective To determine myocardial damage and change of plasma angiotensin Ⅱ after brain injury.Methods Brain injury was induced by weight-drop technique.The concentration of plasma angiotensin Ⅱ was determined by using the method of RIA in 40 rats.Heart-type creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB) was detected.The morphologic changes of myocardium were observed by light and electronic microscope.Results The increase of plasma angiotensin Ⅱ and serum CK-MB happened at 4 hours after brain injury,and became significant at 24 hours.Myocardial damage was also detected by light and electronic microscope.Conclusion Brain injury caused myocardial damage and plasma angiotensin Ⅱ increased significantly in rats.
Serologic detection and practical consequences of antigenic diversity among bovine viral diarrhea viruses in a vaccinated herd

Samples of sera were obtained from 5,725 cows in a semiclosed herd. In each of the preceding 7 years, the herd was vaccinated against bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) with killed virus. Neutralizing antibody tests were done on all samples of sera, using cytopathic virus, BVD-TGAC virus, that was antigenically distinct from the vaccine virus. Most samples of sera had high titers of neutralizing antibodies against BVD-TGAC virus. In 48 samples of sera, neutralizing antibodies were not detected against BVD-TGAC virus, but were detected against the vaccine virus. Neutralizing antibodies against selected noncytopathic BVD viruses were not detected in several samples of serum that had neutralizing antibodies against the vaccine virus and BVD-TGAC virus. Noncytopathic BVD virus was isolated from sera obtained from 3 cows less than 4 years old. Two cows were available for further testing, and persistent infection with BVD virus was confirmed in both cows. The BVD viruses isolated from those cows were not neutralized by several samples of sera. Immunoprecipitation of polypeptides induced by the vaccine virus was done with selected samples of serum. Two patterns of immuno-precipitated viral-induced polypeptides were identified. One pattern was consistent with exposure of cows with live virus. The other pattern was consistent with exposure of cows with only the killed virus vaccine.
The effect of dietary active dry yeast supplement on performance of sows during gestation-lactation and their pigs.

Thirty crossbred sows and their pigs were evaluated through two parities to determine any reproductive or growth performance effects of an active dry yeast supplement added to corn-soybean meal diets. Sow reproductive performance from d 93 of gestation through d 21 of lactation and sow milk composition were evaluated. Pig growth performance was measured from birth to 28 d after weaning. Active dry yeast was added at 0, 1, or .2% of the sow gestation diet, 0, .15, or .3% of the sow lactation diet, 0, .2, or .4% of the pig prestarter diet, 1 wk before and 1 wk after weaning, and 0, .125, or .25% during the last 3 wk in the nursery. The yeast source consisted of a concentrate of live yeast cells of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain containing more than 15 x 10(9) live cells/g. Sow body weight at d 93 of gestation, at farrowing, and at d 21 of lactation did not differ (P > .10) among treatment groups. Milk from sows fed active dry yeast contained higher amounts of total solids (P .10) by treatment, nor were there differences in litter size at birth, litter birth weight, or litter weight at d 21 after farrowing. Active dry yeast supplementation to the sow and pig diets resulted in improved postweaning pig daily gain (P .10) feed intake. Based on these data, active dry yeast supplement during late gestation, lactation, and before and after weaning does not alter litter weight at birth or weaning but does increase gamma globulin content of sow's milk and improves postweaning rate and efficiency of weight gain of pigs.
Upstream Open Reading Frames Differentially Regulate Gene-specific Translation in the Integrated Stress Response

Translation regulation largely occurs during initiation, which features ribosome assembly onto mRNAs and selection of the translation start site. Short, upstream ORFs (uORFs) located in the 5′-leader of the mRNA can be selected for translation. Multiple transcripts associated with stress amelioration are preferentially translated through uORF-mediated mechanisms during activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) in which phosphorylation of the α subunit of eIF2 results in a coincident global reduction in translation initiation. This review presents key features of uORFs that serve to optimize translational control that is essential for regulation of cell fate in response to environmental stresses.
Decoding the Effects of a Product’s Cast Shadow on Brand Evaluations in Promotional Contexts: A Structured Abstract

Advertisements commonly employ visual imagery to not only demonstrate the functional aspects of a product, but also to emphasize its visually pleasing aspects such as style, look, and appeal. For instance, Apple’s recent launch, iWatch, was seen advertised at an angle such that it cast a shadow on the white space around it. Consistent with Apple’s design-centric branding strategy, its adverts portray the brand as visually esthetic. It is interesting to note that while some brands use the product’s shadow as a part of the visual imagery, others do not. Research under visual imagery in advertising has explored changes in product evaluations, attitudes, affect, emotional appeal, purchase intentions, and information processing (Rossiter and Percy 1980; Janiszewski 1990; Levy and Perachhio 1992). Surprisingly, however, the downstream effects of a product’s shadow when present in a brand-oriented ad frame have yet to be explored. This research attempts to systematically test the effects of the presence or absence of a product’s shadow on its brand evaluations. In doing so, it employs experimental design to test the impact of product’s shadow on the consumer perceived brand image.
Contemporary Management of Distal Ureteral Calculi

The optimal treatment for distal ureteral calculi is controversial. The vast majority of distal stones are successfully treated with ureteroscopy (URS) or shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), and the rare endourological failure is salvaged with laparoscopic or, less commonly, open ureterolithotomy. The published literature supports both URS and SWL treatment of small to moderate size distal ureteral stones. Although stone-free rates are comparable for the two modalities. patient morbidity favors SWL, while cost favors URS. Based on stone-free rates, complication rates, and patient symptoms and satisfaction, SWL using a Dornier HM3 should constitute first-line therapy for stones ≤15mm in diameter. For newer-generation lithotripters, the advantages may be less clear and further trials are needed. For large or multiple stones, URS is the preferred treatment modality.
The Effect of Strategic Message Selection on Residents' Intent to Conserve Water in the Landscape

Changing individuals’ behaviors is a critical challenge for Extension professionals who encourage good irrigation practices and technologies for landscape water conservation. Multiple messages were used to influence two predictors of behavioral intent informed by the theory of planned behavior, Florida residents’ (N = 1,063) attitude and perceived behavioral control. Individuals were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups, each receiving a different strategically framed message. This article contributes to the literature on landscape water consumption behaviors by (a) demonstrating that messages can be used to positively affect both attitude and perceived behavioral control and (b) identifying specific message frames that may be used to realize greater impact. Two gain-framed message treatments both significantly increased participants’ attitude and perceived behavioral control, and one of the loss-framed messages significantly increased participants’ attitude. Results are discussed with practical application to promotion of landscape water-conservation behaviors and implications for future research.
Principles of Design and Function of Circulatory Systems

These introductory remarks address morphological and functional aspects of invertebrate circulatory systems. Particular emphasis is being placed on vascular fluids and their contained cells, their interaction and roles in defense mechanisms.
Small group process and outcome research highlights: A 25-year perspective.

ABSTRACTWe summarize major research findings from the past 25 years within the larger evolution of group psychotherapy. Small group process findings are highlighted from a group-as-a-whole, interpersonal relation, subgroup, individual member characteristics, and leader perspective. Special emphasis is given to cohesion and the significant correlation between cohesion and outcome. We note that group therapy is an empirically well-supported treatment for a large number of psychiatric disorders and describe evidence supporting the outcome of various theoretical orientations. Key studies showing outcome equivalence for group and individual therapy are reviewed, followed by a high-level summary of group therapy’s efficacy research for depression, bipolar, social phobia, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating, substance-related, trauma-related, HIV/AIDS, breast cancer, chronic pain, schizophrenia, and borderline personality. We conclude with the promise of recent advances for moving...
Infants' inferences about language are social.

The recent paper by Begus, Gliga, and Southgate (1) provides compelling evidence that infants make inferences about speakers of their native language as being optimal informants. This interesting finding advances an understanding of infants’ early social cognition. The paper’s (1) title “Infants’ preferences for native speakers are associated with an expectation of information” suggests that a drive to obtain relevant information is likely responsible for infants’ social responses to native versus foreign speakers (e.g., refs. 2⇓⇓–5), although Begus et al. (1) do not include a direct measure of social preference or learning. The implication is that an information-seeking motive is the only game in town, so … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: kinzler{at}cornell.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Application of Cocrystallization for the Separation of C-Ethylresorcin[6]arene from C-Ethylresoricn[4]arene

Cocrystals formed from macrocyclic compounds such as calixarenes are particularly useful for understanding various host–guest interactions and solid state properties. Resorcinarenes, a subclass of calixarenes, are also useful for the construction of cocrystalline materials because of their unique bowl shape, decorated with eight hydroxyl groups. Here we investigate the separation of hexameric C-ethylresoricn[6]arene from its tetrameric homologues C-ethylresorcin[4]arene via cocrystallization with 4,4′-bipyridine (Scheme 1). The effect of the stoichiometric ratio of the components and the solvent of crystallization on the separation of macrocycles and on the formation of a particular cocrystal is also discussed.
Outcomes and healthcare utilization in children and young adults with aplastic anemia: A multiinstitutional analysis.

Background Aplastic anemia is a bone marrow failure syndrome with high mortality affecting children and young adults. Although current treatment guidelines recommend hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) for patients with matched sibling donors, outcomes with alternate donor options have been improving. Procedure We analyzed a validated multiinstitutional pediatric cohort using one of the largest pediatric and young adult database, the Pediatric Health Information System, for patients diagnosed with aplastic anemia (AA) from 2006 to 2015. Outcomes with upfront and salvage transplants were analyzed along with healthcare utilization. Results Among 2,169 patients in the study period, almost 20% underwent HCT, while others received immunosuppressive therapy. In a multivariate model, there was no significant difference in mortality with upfront or salvage transplants (odds ratio [OR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6–2.58, P = 0.567), while every platelet transfusion was associated with higher mortality (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.12–1.67, P = 0.002). Healthcare utilization was significantly higher in salvage transplants requiring frequent hospitalization and transfusion requirements. Treatment mortality and graft failure rates were significantly reduced in the salvage transplant group in recent years (2011–2015 as compared to 2006–2010). Conclusion As outcomes with HCT continue to improve in severe AA, transplant with good alternate donors should be considered upfront in children and young adults.
DMSP observations of high latitude Poynting flux during magnetic storms

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that energy can enter the high-latitude regions of the Ionosphere-Thermosphere (IT) system on open field lines. To assess the extent of high-latitude energy input, we have carried out a study of Poynting flux measured by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites during magnetic storms. We report sporadic intense Poynting fluxes measured by four DMSP satellites at polar latitudes during two moderate magnetic storms which occurred in August and September 2011. Comparisons with a widely used empirical model for energy input to the IT system show that the model does not adequately capture electromagnetic (EM) energy at very high latitudes during storms. We have extended this study to include more than 30 storm events and find that intense EM energy is frequently detected poleward of 75° magnetic latitude.
Alkaline Phosphatase-positive Malignant Lymphoma: A Subtype of B-cell Lymphomas

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was evaluated histochemically and cytochemically in concert with immunologic technics in 60 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and lymphocytic leukemias. Surface membranes of neoplastic cells were positive for ALP only in certain B-cell malignancies: 3 of 6 lymphocytic lymphomas of intermediate differentiation, 4 of 13 nodular lymphomas, and 1 of 7 Burkett's lymphomas. All other B-cell tumors, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, and diffuse "histiocytic" lymphoma, were ALP-negative. The neoplastic cells of Sezary syndrome and lymphoblastic lymphoma were also consistently negative for ALP. In control lymph nodes ALP-positive lymphocytes were present only in primary follicles and in mantle zones of secondary follicles. ALP-positive lymphomas appear to be neoplastic counterparts of these normal lymphocytes, not only cytochemically, but also with respect to their morphologic and immunologic characteristics. Furthermore, histochemical inhibition tests suggested that the ALP activity demonstrated may reflect a newly recognized, unique isoenzyme.
Introduction to Metals in Biology 2018: Copper homeostasis and utilization in redox enzymes

This 11th Thematic Metals in Biology Thematic Series deals with copper, a transition metal with a prominent role in biochemistry. Copper is a very versatile element, and both deficiencies and excesses can be problematic. The five Minireviews in this series deal with several aspects of copper homeostasis in microorganisms and mammals and the role of this metal in two enzymes, copper-only superoxide dismutase and cytochrome c oxidase.
Exploring hidden factors behind online food shopping from Amazon reviews: A topic mining approach

Abstract Despite the popularity of online food and grocery shopping, little research has been conducted to understand the factors that influence consumers’ online food purchases. Using a topic modeling approach, our results show four interpretable factors have significant impacts on the helpfulness of customer reviews: Amazon Service, Physical Feature, Flavor Feature, and Subjective Expression. Readers of customer reviews perceive objective reviews as more helpful than subjective reviews. In addition, customer review helpfulness has a concave relationship with the length of the reviews. Our results provide important business implications on how to encourage more helpful reviews to assist potential shoppers in making better purchase decisions.
In search of a conceptualization of multiple sclerosis: a historical perspective

A thorough understanding of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is necessary to offer individuals informed options for treatment and planning. To assist in this quest, the following historical analysis examined how MS has been conceived from the 14th century through the early 20th century. Primary sources were consulted whenever possible, and many of the original archival materials were accessed by the first author (MB) during an on-site visit to the Rare Book Room of the New York Academy of Medicine. There is a striking similarity between how MS symptoms have presented throughout history compared with the 21st century. Sensorimotor and cognitive sequelae have been observed in patients since the 1800s. Cognitive symptoms were acknowledged in the 1800s, but disregarded in the early 1900s and were not given recognition again until the latter part of the 20th century. If conceptualizations of MS are inaccurate, patients will not be served well. In contrast to the shared symptomatology across time, early conceptualizations of etiology and treatment choices differed dramatically from today, a genuine reflection of the times in which they were created.
Socialization: Second Language

This article provides an overview of second language socialization research, a composite of approaches examining the dialectic between processes of socialization through language and processes of socialization to use language. The language socialization perspective has gained considerable ground in second language studies, now encompassing a variety of approaches to data elicitation and analysis. Following a definition of the key concepts and a brief description of historical background, the primary foci and methodologies are described. The research is then reviewed by main methodological emphasis, including ethnographic studies, research informed by sociocultural theory, investigations of classroom discourse, and inquiries based on learner narrative.
Lower Eyelid Reconstruction Using a Nasolabial, Perforator-based V-Y Advancement Flap: Expanding the Utility of Facial Perforator Flaps.

Background Reconstruction of the lower eyelid represents a unique challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Studies evaluating the utility of the nasolabial V-Y advancement flap in lower eyelid reconstruction are limited and techniques to optimize outcomes following eyelid reconstruction with this technique are not well described. We seek to evaluate our experience and outcomes with lower eyelid reconstruction using the nasolabial perforator-based V-Y advancement flap. Methods After institutional review board approval, medical charts of all patients who underwent lower eyelid reconstruction using the nasolabial perforator-based V-Y advancement flap between February 2013 and October 2017 were reviewed. Data regarding etiology, location of the lesion, lower eyelid defect, methods of reconstruction, postoperative complications, and follow up duration were collected and analyzed. Results Over the study period, 5 patients (3 male) underwent lower eyelid reconstruction after oncologic resection of melanoma (n = 1) and nonmelanoma (n = 4) skin cancer using the nasolabial perforator-based V-Y advancement flap at a mean age of 69 years (range, 56-82 years). Median follow-up duration was 5.9 months (interquartile range, 2.25-25.9). A mean of 5.4 (range, 2-10) perforators were included in the initial flap design. After completion of flap dissection and perforator division, a mean of 4.4 (range, 2-7) perforators were preserved and included in the flap. All flaps demonstrated clinical viability with no cases of partial or total flap loss. One patient developed an asymptomatic ectropion during the follow-up period. Conclusions The nasolabial, perforator-based V-Y advancement flap is a reliable reconstructive method for lower eyelid defects.
MINDSET: Clinical feasibility of utilizing the revised epilepsy self-management tool for Spanish speaking patients.

Abstract This paper describes the expanded English/Spanish version of the Management Information and Decision Support Epilepsy Tool (MINDSET) as well as the methods and findings from a feasibility study conducted from July 2016 through February 2017 with 43 Spanish and English-speaking Hispanic people living with epilepsy (PWE) in Arizona (n = 23) and Texas (n = 20) over two consecutive regular clinic visits. The expansion of MINDSET added goal setting and strategy selection to improve self-management (S-M) in PWE. The previous study tested the feasibility of English MINDSET, which was designed to facilitate the identification and discussion of S-M issues between the patient and healthcare provider (HCP) during a regular clinic visit. Results indicate MINDSET feasibility for use in the following: 1) identifying S-M issues across several domains; 2) selecting and assessing confidence in tailored S-M goals/strategies for improvement; 3) discussing S-M issues/goals/strategies/confidence with a HCP; and 4) creating an action plan (AP) and tracking achievement during regular clinic visits. Across two visits, 80–90% of patients agreed that the revised version of MINDSET was helpful, understandable, trustworthy, promoted careful thinking about management, was of appropriate duration, and would be helpful in future management and communication with HCP. Participating HCPs agreed that MINDSET improved the ease, thoroughness, and accuracy in identifying patient S-M issues and establishing a plan for improvement.
Targeted inhibition of PI3Kα/δ is synergistic with BCL-2 blockade in genetically defined subtypes of DLBCL

Inhibition of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway is a promising treatment strategy in multiple B-cell malignancies. However, the role of BCR blockade in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains undefined. We recently characterized primary DLBCL subsets with distinct genetic bases for perturbed BCR/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling and dysregulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) expression. Herein, we explore the activity of PI3K inhibitors and BCL-2 blockade in a panel of functionally and genetically characterized DLBCL cell line models. A PI3K inhibitor with predominant α/δ activity, copanlisib, exhibited the highest cytotoxicity in all BCR-dependent DLBCLs. The proapoptotic effect of copanlisib was associated with DLBCL subtype-specific dysregulated expression of BCL-2 family members including harakiri (HRK) and its antiapoptotic partner BCL extra large (BCL-xL), BCL2 related protein A1, myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1), and BCL2 interacting mediator of cell death. Using functional BH3 profiling, we found that the cytotoxic activity of copanlisib was primarily mediated through BCL-xL and MCL-1-dependent mechanisms that might complement BCL-2 blockade. For these reasons, we evaluated single-agent activity of venetoclax in the DLBCLs and identified a subset with limited sensitivity to BCL-2 blockade despite having genetic bases of BCL-2 dysregulation. As these were largely BCR-dependent DLBCLs, we hypothesized that combined inhibition of PI3Kα/δ and BCL-2 would perturb BCR-dependent and BCL-2-mediated survival pathways. Indeed, we observed synergistic activity of copanlisib/venetoclax in BCR-dependent DLBCLs with genetic bases for BCL-2 dysregulation in vitro and confirmed these findings in a xenograft model. These results provide preclinical evidence for the rational combination of PI3Kα/δ and BCL-2 blockade in genetically defined DLBCLs.
Productivity Growth and Efficiency Changes in Publicly Managed U.S. Comprehensive Universities: Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Decompositions

This paper uses data envelopment analysisand Malmquist index decompositions in estimating productivity and efficiency changes of comprehensive degree granting, publicly owned U.S. universities. Panel data for 247 universities is employed for the academic years 2005-09. Results indicate that universities incurred productivity regress on the order of 4% per annum. The regress was due to declines in technological change that overpowered the efficiency gains achieved by universities. The latter derived from both university management and scale efficiency improvements. The dynamics of annual changes suggest that the financial crisis worsened productivity regress but created positive ef ficiency changes. It will, however, be interesting to observe future extensions of the current research to include additional post-crisis academic years.
Effects of Group Work on English Communicative Competence of Chinese International Graduates in United States Institutions of Higher Education

This qualitative study investigated 14 Chinese international graduate students’ lived experiences with group work and the effects of group work on their English communicative competence. The interview results showed that these participants’ attitudes towards group work went through changes from initial inadaptation or dislike to later adaptation or acceptance, and the time for their adjustment ranged from half a year to one year. The results also revealed that group work greatly improved their English communicative competence in terms of grammatical competence, sociolinguistic competence, and strategic competence. Suggestions for educational researchers, international students, and Chinese EFL instructors were provided. Keywords: Group Work, Communicative Competence, Grammatical Competence, Sociolinguistic Competence, Strategic Competence
Intrinsically Low Lattice Thermal Conductivity Derived from Rattler Cations in an AMM′Q3 Family of Chalcogenides

Crystalline semiconductors exhibiting innate low lattice thermal conductivity (κl) are technologically very important for the development of thermal barrier coatings, thermal data-storage devices, and high-performance thermoelectrics. Here, using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory and anharmonic lattice dynamics, we predict intrinsically low κl (<1 W/m K along the stacking direction for T ≥ 400 K) in many known layered semiconductors, AMM′Q3 (A = Na, K, Cs, Tl; M = Cu; M′ = Zr, Hf; Q = S, Se), that possess chemical bonding heterogeneity. We show that low κl in this class of materials arises from (a) the rattling vibrations of the weakly bonded A atoms, characterized by low-frequency localized phonon branches with very small dispersion that give rise to numerous additional scattering channels and (b) strong lattice anharmonicity which is manifested in the large-mode Gruneisen parameters that increase the phonon scattering rates. Our work uncovers inherent low κl in this previo...
Standardization Efforts Across Space Agencies: Applications and Analysis Ready Data Discovery in the Cloud

The advancements in Big data processing pipelines have consolidated the "processes to the cloud" paradigm over the last decade. This represents a shift away from downloads and local processing. Recent publications have addressed commercialization elements such as quoting and billing across clouds and predict the development of markets pretty similar to application markets we know from the mobile phone sector. At the same time, Analysis Ready Data becomes available at many places. This paper addresses the question how to discover all these applications, Analysis Ready Data, and cloud resources in an interoperable way, meaning that the process is not different from resource to resource.
Cyber Security in Analysis and Design

The overall challenge in building more resilient applications that are better equipped to protect against threats is a decision that needs to address exposure coupled with risk.
The US Government and the Entertainment Industries Confront the War: Motion Pictures, Music, and Book Publishing

During the dark, dismal, and threatening days of World War II, Americans needed entertainment products to take their minds away from the daily depressing war news on the radio and in newspapers and magazines. During the war, the US motion picture industry (Hollywood) released important films addressing significant themes, including: how the home front confronted personal and family sacrifice and other war related concerns about rationing and sabotage; war movies about the various branches of the US military (every branch had its movies); escapist western movies; and a cluster of films with religious themes. Many Hollywood stars, directors, and technical production experts served in various military branches during the war. The music industry provided hopeful and escapist tunes that captured the spirit of the war and home front. The book industry published trade books to entertain and inform (and in some instances educate) consumers; and the US Government released about 122 million small yet rather durable paperback books in the Armed Services Editions (ASEs) for military personnel (and putting The Great Gatsby back into print), effectively creating a new postwar market of readers for both hardcover and paperback books.
Sensor-Based Adaptive Instructional Systems in Live Simulation Training

Sensor-based, mobile behavioral analytics have much potential for adaptive human-machine interactivity in team- and multiteam-based, live simulation training. This paper will explore a human-technology adaptive system where real-time data is generated from multiple sensor systems to inform multiteam-based training. Examples from first responder law enforcement training contexts will be discussed as well as the future potential of these sensor-based technologies to iteratively and adaptively inform both the smart technology system and the human system in a reciprocal learning cycle.
Trends in Antibiotic Duration for Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections : Adaptation to Current Guidelines.

IntroductionThe 2017 surgical infection society (SIS) guidelines recommend 4 days of antibiotic therapy after source control for complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs). Inappropriate exposu...
Abstract 15398: Standing Breathless: A Case of Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome

A 67-year old women with a history of metastatic endometrial cancer, prior pulmonary embolism (PE) (on Xarelto) and mitral valve prolapse presented for 2-3 weeks of exertional dyspnea. Patient pres...
Nonscalability and generating digital outer space natures in No Man’s Sky:

This article examines the generation of digital outer space natures in the space exploration game, No Man’s Sky. Using procedural generation, No Man’s Sky offers nearly infinite planets, flora, and...
Pleiotropy of a Stickler syndrome genotype.

PURPOSE To report a case of pleiotropy in the COL2A1 gene typically associated with Stickler Syndrome Type 1. OBSERVATIONS A patient with a confirmed mutation of the COL2A1 gene presented with an isolated retinitis pigmentosa phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The mutated COL2A1 gene in Stickler Syndrome Type 1 represents a site of pleiotropy, highlighting a change in phenotype across the same genotype potentially due to tissue alternative splicing.