cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Cyclical Behavior of Strategic Inventories

This paper presents a model in which inventories are used by a duopoly to deter deviations from an implicitly collusive arrangement. Higher inventories allow firms to punish cheaters more strongly and can thus help to maintain collusion. We show that when demand is high, the incentive to deviate increases so that increases in inventories may be optimal for the duopoly. This rationalizes the observed positive correlation between inventories and sales. In our empirical section we show that, as our model predicts, this correlation is more important in concentrated industries. We also provide several examples where inventories have been a factor in cartel behavior.
Adaptive Response of Rat Pancreatic Lipase to Dietary Fat: Effects of Amount and Type of Fat

Pancreatic lipase adapts to changes in dietary fat by parallel changes in synthesis. The adaptation to changes in type of dietary fat (saturation or chain length) is unclear. The effects of changes in amount and type of dietary fat were examined in weanling rats fed for 1 wk diets low in fat (LF) with 10% kcal as corn oil, moderate in fat (MF) with 40% kcal as fat (corn oil, lard, safflower oil, butter, olive oil or coconut oil), or high in fat (HF) with 67% kcal as fat (as for MF). Growth was comparable among rats fed these diets. Pancreatic lipase activity increased in all HF diets (180%) compared to the LF diet. In MF diets, only the highly unsaturated safflower oil increased pancreatic lipase (162%) compared to the LF diet. Food consumption varied, but was not related to the response of pancreatic lipase. When weanling rats were fed diets with 11, 40, 47, 54, 67 and 75% kcal as corn oil, pancreatic lipase activity was not stimulated at or below 47% kcal fat, but was maximally stimulated (twofold) by 54 or 67% fat. These findings suggest that pancreatic lipase activity adapts primarily to the amount of dietary fat and responds to the type of fat only below the threshold level of dietary fat (47% kcal).
Long-term Effect of Silvicultural Thinnings on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Pools

The effects of long-term silvicultural thinning on soil C and N content are not well known. We evaluated the impact of periodic thinnings on soil C and N pools in a 134-yr-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) forest in Minnesota, and a 104 yr-old northern hardwood forest in Wisconsin. The red pine stands had five thinning regimes (13.8, 18.4, 22.7, 27.6, 32.1 m2 ha-1 residual basal area [BA]), which were cut five or seven times over 46 yr. The northern hardwood stands had three residual basal area treatments (13.8, 17.2, 20.6 m2 ha-1) that were thinned five times over 50 yr. Our results showed that the heaviest-thinned (13.8 m2 ha-1) and uncut control red pine stands had higher C and N contents in the mineral A horizon, as compared to the other four thinning treatments. Multiple thinning did not affect C and N pool size in the forest floor and surface mineral soil (30-cm depth) in either red pine or hardwood stands. Within stand BA variability was positively correlated to C and N pools in the forest floor of the lightly-thinned (32.1 m2 ha--1) red pine treatment, but was negatively correlated to C and N pools in the A horizon. Our study and the literature indicate that stem-only removal for wildfire risk reduction and bio-energy production would have little impact on total soil C and N pools. However, more information is needed on the effects of whole-tree thinning regimes on soil C and nutrient contents.
Angiotensin II-Dependent Transcriptional Activation of Human Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Gene by a 25-kDa cAMP-Responsive Element Modulator Protein Isoform and Yin Yang 1

Transcriptional activation of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) gene is a critical component in the angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent increase in aldosterone biosynthesis in the adrenal gland. The purpose of this study was to define the molecular mechanisms that mediate the Ang II-dependent increase in STARD1 gene (STAR) expression in H295R human adrenocortical cells. Mutational analysis of the STAR proximal promoter revealed that a nonconsensus cAMP-responsive element located at -78 bp relative to the transcription start site (-78CRE) is required for the Ang II-stimulated STAR reporter gene activity. DNA immunoaffinity chromatography identified a 25-kDa cAMP-responsive element modulator isoform and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) as -78CRE DNA-binding proteins, and Ang II treatment of H295R cells increased expression of that 25-kDa CREM isoform. Small interfering RNA silencing of CREM and YY1 attenuated the Ang II-dependent increases in STAR reporter gene activity and STAR mRNA levels. Conversely, overexpression of CREM and YY1 in COS-1 cells resulted in transactivation of STAR reporter gene activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated recruitment of CREM and YY1 to the STAR promoter along with increased association of the coactivator cAMP response element-binding protein-binding protein (CBP) and increased phosphorylated RNA polymerase II after Ang II treatment. Together our data reveal that the Ang II-stimulated increase in STAR expression in H295R cells requires 25 kDa CREM and YY1. The recruitment of these transcription factors to the STAR proximal promoter results in association of CBP and activation of RNA polymerase II leading to increased STAR transcription.
Dimensionality reduction for bio-medical spectra

The classification problem for high dimensional data (for example near infrared spectra of bio-fluids) is a challenging, cornerstone problem in bio-informatics. The problems in the field possess many measured, highly correlated variables, which typically come from digitization of continuous signals, and relatively few distinct samples, with the number of variables often far exceeding the number of observations. Fortunately, in practice, the data are often restricted or nearly restricted to a relatively low dimensional manifold in feature space. We will compare several techniques both linear and nonlinear for identifying this manifold, including local and global principal component analysis, and a novel implementation of the (nonlinear) Whitney reduction network. The intrinsic dimension of the data manifold will be verified through an independent validation set.
Flight potential of feral Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) males measured with a 32-channel, computer-monitored , flight-mill system

Single-night flight performances of 256 fetal corn earworm males, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), were measured with a 32-channel, computer-monitored flight-mill system to evaluate their potential and propensity for engaging in long-distance, migratory-type flight. Test moths were males of mixed age that were selected randomly from daily catches in pheromone-baited traps located adjacent to fields of silking corn, Zea mays (L.), in Burleson County near College Station, TX, during the period of 16 and 30 June 1992. Flight was observed in 96% (n = 256) of the moths tested ; however, because of mortality and other factors, only 52% (134) remained capable of flight throughout the 9.75-h simulated scotophase period. The 134 moths averaged flying a total distance of 32.53 km in 17 separate flights during 5.61 h of total flight time which included an average maximum-duration sustained single flight of 18.8 km of 2.98 h duration. Thus, the fetal H. zea males demonstrated a high potential for long-distance flight. Other observed characteristics of moth behavior and flight performance are discussed, and the flight-mill system is described.
The dimensionality of the verbal aggressiveness scale

Infante and Wigley's (1986) Verbal Aggressiveness Scale (VAS) is a widely accepted and frequently used measure of trait verbal aggression. Although the scale is almost always scored as if it were unidimensional, previous factor analytic studies provide evidence that it is multidimensional with two distinct factors. The present studies (N = 194 and 177) used confirmatory factor analysis to replicate the two‐factor solution. The two‐factor model was consistent with the data, and provides a better fit to the data than the unidimensional solution. The first factor, comprised of all aggressively worded, nonreflected items, appears to measure verbal aggressiveness as intended whereas the second factor, comprised of all reverse‐scored items (benevolently worded), appears to measure a communication style related to other‐esteem confirmation and supportiveness. Given this interpretation, it is recommended that only the 10 aggressively worded items be scored. Hamilton, Buck, and Chory‐Assad, in an adversarial colla...
Crossword expertise as recognitional decision making: an artificial intelligence approach

The skills required to solve crossword puzzles involve two important aspects of lexical memory: semantic information in the form of clues that indicate the meaning of the answer, and orthographic patterns that constrain the possibilities but may also provide hints to possible answers. Mueller and Thanasuan (2013) proposed a model accounting for the simple memory access processes involved in solving individual crossword clues, but expert solvers also bring additional skills and strategies to bear on solving complete puzzles. In this paper, we developed an computational model of crossword solving that incorporates strategic and other factors, and is capable of solving crossword puzzles in a human-like fashion, in order to understand the complete set of skills needed to solve a crossword puzzle. We compare our models to human expert and novice solvers to investigate how different strategic and structural factors in crossword play impact overall performance. Results reveal that expert crossword solving relies heavily on fluent semantic memory search and retrieval, which appear to allow experts to take better advantage of orthographic-route solutions, and experts employ strategies that enable them to use orthographic information. Furthermore, other processes central to traditional AI models (error correction and backtracking) appear to be of less importance for human players.
Clinical Suspicion of Fatal Pulmonary Embolism

Background: Less than one third of patients with fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) are identified prior to autopsy. Objective: To determine whether the clinical syndromes of acute PE are effective at identifying patients who die of this condition. Method: Seven hundred seventy-eight autopsy reports at the Buffalo General Hospital from 1991 to 1996 inclusive were reviewed. Inpatient medical records of 67 patients who were identified as having PE as the primary or major cause of death then were analyzed. Results: Thirty patients (45% [95% confidence interval, 33 to 57%]) had received a diagnosis of PE prior to death, which was marginally higher than the number previously reported (p < 0.05). The diagnosis of PE was significantly lower (13%; p < 0.01) in patients with COPD or coronary artery disease (33%; p < 0.01). In contrast to the prospective investigation of PE diagnosis data, only a minority of patients (6%) presented with pleuritic pain or hemoptysis, while a significantly larger proportion (24%; p < 0.01) of our patients experienced circulatory collapse. Only 55% were identified as having PE from the following clinical syndromes of PE: isolated dyspnea; pleuritic pain and/or hemoptysis; and circulatory collapse. Among the 30 patients suspected of having PE, only 14 (47%) received IV heparin in therapeutic doses, despite clinical suspicion. Conclusion: Our results show a modest increase in the correct antemortem diagnosis of fatal PE. The current clinical syndromes used as markers for suspecting PE are not sufficient to detect patients who ultimately die of PE. Physicians should maintain a higher index of suspicion since fatal PE does not always present as one of the three clinical syndromes of PE. Once PE is suspected, heparin therapy should be started early. (CHEST 2001; 120:791–795)
Diffusion furnace dopant activation matching through a ramped temperature idle

Significant non-uniform 'time at temperature' or Dt variation is observed across a horizontal furnace load in diffusion batch processes. Non uniform activation of dopants is observed in 800degC, short duration processes with high mobility dopant species. Dt matching across the furnace is obtained by changing the temperature zone set points at furnace idle prior to pushing and processing a full wafer batch. A ramped idle temperature ranging 120degC across the furnace improves activation uniformity. Boron implanted test wafers show an 85% reduction in activation non uniformity across the furnace when using a ramped idle.
Experimental studies of the peak power-handling capacity of finlines at centimeter and millimeter wavelengths

The microwave and millimeter-wave field breakdown in various unilateral finlines is investigated experimentally. First, experiments in the X-band and Ka-band are described to study the breakdown phenomenon and its effects on the structure. Then, experimental values of the maximum transmissible peak power are compared with the theoretical predictions. Experimental results confirm the validity of the theoretical model within a reasonable limit, when the uncertainties produced by the various parameters pertaining to the electric breakdown phenomenon are taken into account. >
Comparing rapid scene categorization of aerial and terrestrial views: A new perspective on scene gist.

Scene gist, a viewer's holistic representation of a scene from a single eye fixation, has been extensively studied for terrestrial views, but not for aerial views. We compared rapid scene categorization of both views in three experiments to determine the degree to which diagnostic information is view dependent versus view independent. We found large differences in observers' ability to rapidly categorize aerial and terrestrial scene views, consistent with the idea that scene gist recognition is viewpoint dependent. In addition, computational modeling showed that training models on one view (aerial or terrestrial) led to poor performance on the other view, thereby providing further evidence of viewpoint dependence as a function of available information. Importantly, we found that rapid categorization of terrestrial views (but not aerial views) was strongly interfered with by image rotation, further suggesting that terrestrial-view scene gist recognition is viewpoint dependent, with aerial-view scene recognition being viewpoint independent. Furthermore, rotation- invariant texture images synthesized from aerial views of scenes were twice as recognizable as those synthesized from terrestrial views of scenes (which were at chance), providing further evidence that diagnostic information for rapid scene categorization of aerial views is viewpoint invariant. We discuss the results within a perceptual-expertise framework that distinguishes between configural and featural processing, where terrestrial views are more effectively processed due to their predictable view-dependent configurations whereas aerial views are processed less effectively due to reliance on view-independent features.
Combination cancer immunotherapy "Expanding Paul Ehrlich's Magic Bullet Concept".

Please cite this article in press as: Elliott RL Oncology (2010), doi:10.1016/j.suronc.2010.0 The concept of cancer immunotherapy is not new and investigators have tried to stimulate the immune system tofight cancer for over a hundred years. However, success has been limited, inconsistent and very disappointing, thus preventing cancer immunotherapy frombecoming amainstreammodality of cancer therapy. In order to improve results of cancer immunotherapy, and catapult it into the mainstream of cancer treatment, an aggressive individual combined approach must be considered and attempted. This communication is admittedly an opinion commentary about a very complex subject and is not a review article. It is important that the reader appreciates this while contemplating the ideas presented. Paul Ehrlich's magic bullet theory has inspired many generations of scientist to explore numerous molecular cancer therapeutics. He connected chemistry to biology and medicine; and predicted the existence of specific cell receptors [1]. However, for cancer immunotherapy to be efficacious, it will take out of the box thinking, and applying a multiple magic bullet approach. Most cancer immunotherapy protocols and trials have only evaluated monocancer immunotherapy. Many of these studies have only been vaccine trials, and attempts to attack all arms of the immune system and escape mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment have not been explored at the same time. It is well known that cancer immunotherapy works better when there is less tumor burden, and that is and will be the role of cancer immunotherapy in the adjuvant setting. However, for Stage IV disease we must be
Adaptive Control of a Seeker-Guided 2D Missile with Unmodeled Aerodynamics

In this paper we apply extensions of retrospective cost adaptive control (RCAC) to a 2D missile model considered in prior papers as a benchmark test of adaptive control methods. The dynamics of the missile are highly nonlinear, and instantaneous linearizations are nonminimum phase due to nose sensing and tail actuation. The results that we present in this paper show that the RCAC controller provides results that are comparable to a highly tuned autopilot based on aerodynamic modeling, whereas the RCAC controller uses no knowledge of the missile’s aerodynamics. These results significantly improve the results obtained on the same problem using an earlier version of RCAC, presented at the 2010 GNC.
Identification of the Oxidative 3α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity of Rat Leydig Cells as Type II Retinol Dehydrogenase1

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is the most potent naturally occurring androgen, and its production in the testis may have important consequences in developmental and reproductive processes. In the rat testis, three factors can contribute to intracellular DHT levels: 1) synthesis of DHT from T by 5α-reductase, 2) conversion of DHT to 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (3α-DIOL) by the reductive activity of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD), and 3) conversion of 3α-DIOL by an oxidative 3α-HSD activity. While the type I 3α-HSD enzyme (3α-HSD1 or AKR1C9) is an oxidoreductase in vitro and could theoretically be responsible for factors 2 and 3, we have shown previously that rat Leydig cells have two 3α-HSD activities: a cytosolic NADP(H)- dependent activity, characteristic of 3α-HSD1, and a microsomal NAD(H)-dependent activity. The two activities were separable by both developmental and biochemical criteria, but the identity of the second enzyme was unknown. To identify the microsomal NAD(H)-dependent 3α-HSD in rat Le...
Evaluating psychiatric disability: differences by forensic expertise

The task of evaluating psychiatric disability poses several ethics-related and practical challenges for psychiatrists, especially when they are responding to a request from a third party for a disability evaluation on their own patient. This study sought to evaluate the differences in how forensic and nonforensic psychiatrists approach and view evaluations for Social Security disability benefits. Thirty-two forensic and 75 nonforensic psychiatrists were surveyed on their practice patterns and perceptions of role, objectivity, and dual agency in the disability evaluation process. Significant differences were found between forensic and nonforensic psychiatrists' perceptions of the dual-agency conflict, beliefs about who should perform evaluations, and beliefs about the weight given to different opinions when decisions of whether to award disability benefits are made. A minority of respondents in both groups reported having identified a patient as disabled, despite believing otherwise. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Do Action Video Games Improve Perception and Cognition

Frequent action video game players often outperform non-gamers on measures of perception and cognition, and some studies find that video game practice enhances those abilities. The possibility that video game training transfers broadly to other aspects of cognition is exciting because training on one task rarely improves performance on others. At first glance, the cumulative evidence suggests a strong relationship between gaming experience and other cognitive abilities, but methodological shortcomings call that conclusion into question. We discuss these pitfalls, identify how existing studies succeed or fail in overcoming them, and provide guidelines for more definitive tests of the effects of gaming on cognition.
Sleep latency and duration estimates among sleep disorder patients: variability as a function of sleep disorder diagnosis, sleep history, and psychological characteristics.

Study Objectives: Insomnia patients often report greater sleep disturbance than found via polysomnography; yet the specific patient factors related to such sleep time misperceptions are poorly understood. We sought to characterize the extent to which a diverse group of patients complaining of insomnia (n = 104) misperceive overnight total sleep time and sleep latency, and to identify patient factors associated with these variations. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: University based sleep disorders center. Patients: Sleep disorder groups consisted of patients with psychophysiological insomnia (n=19), sleep state misperception (n=8), insomnia with depressive disorder (n=11), insomnia secondary to Axis I psychiatric disorder other than depression (n=21), periodic limb movement disorder (n=24), and obstructive sleep apnea (n=21). Measurement and Results: Patients completed a sleep history questionnaire and the MMPI, underwent overnight diagnostic polysomnographic assessment, and then estimated their total sleep time and sleep latency the subsequent morning. On average, patients overestimated sleep latency, but were equally likely to underestimate vs. overestimate total sleep time. Sleep time misperception was associated with longer periods of wakefulness following sleep onset, greater self-perceived sleep impairment, as well as several psychological dimensions. Conclusions: Patient factors, including sleep quality, perceptions of habitual sleep time, and current psychopathology, potentially
A loop accelerator for low power embedded VLIW processors

The high transistor density afforded by modern VLSI processes has enabled the design of embedded processors that use clustered execution units to deliver high levels of performance. However, delivering data to the execution resources in a timely manner remains a major problem that limits ILP. It is particularly significant for embedded systems where memory and power budgets are limited. A distributed address generation and loop acceleration architecture for VLIW processors is presented. This decentralized on-chip memory architecture uses multiple SRAMs to provide high intra-processor bandwidth. Each SRAM has an associated stream address generator capable of implementing a variety of addressing modes in conjunction with a shared loop accelerator. The architecture is extremely useful for generating application specific embedded processors, particularly for processing input data which is organized as a stream. The idea is evaluated in the context of a fine grain VLIW architecture executing complex perception algorithms such as speech and visual feature recognition. Transistor level Spice simulations are used to demonstrate a 159x improvement in the energy delay product when compared to conventional architectures executing the same applications.
The clinical utility of blood pressure load in hypertension

The variability of blood pressure and its consequences suggests that ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) data should be analyzed not only by mean ambulatory blood pressure (MABP), but also by looking at blood pressure load (BPL, the percentage of measurements >140/90 mm Hg while awake and >120/80 while asleep). In one study, several hypertensive patients whose ambulatory diastolic blood pressure was <90 mm Hg had a diastolic load near 50%. Studies have reported strong correlations between BPL and indices of target-organ changes such as left ventricular mass index (LVMI). It was necessary to lower office blood pressure to <85 mm Hg to reduce BPL to a normal range of 15 to 20%
125I-glucagon binding and adenylate cyclase activation in the fetal rat heart.

SummaryHearts from 13- and 18-day rat fetuses were shown to specifically bind 125I-glucagon and to have a glucagon-sensitive adenylate cyclase. 125I-glucagon binding was observed over the concentration range 5 × 10-8M-5 × 10-6M. Glucagon activation of adenylate cyclase occurred over a concentration range 10-7M-10-5M. Similar results for both 125I-glucagon binding and adenylate cyclase activation were obtained in adult rat hearts. In addition, the data in the present study demonstrate that glucagon activation of adenylate cyclase in the fetal rat occurs on day 18, when physiological and biochemical studies have shown insignificant inotropic and chronotropic responses to catecholamines, activation of cardiac adenylate cyclase by catecholamines, but no significant inotropic or chronotropic responses to glucagon. Several explanations for this discrepancy are considered including the possibility that cyclic AMP may not mediate the inotropic and chronotropic responses to glucagon in the fetal rat heart.
Carbenicillin: clinical and laboratory studies.

Carbenicillin (a-carboxypenicillin) is a semi-synthetic penicillin presently available only as an investigational drug. It has shown considerable activity in vitro against many gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas and Proteus species [1, 2]. A number of preliminary studies have shown it to be effective clinically in infections due to gram-negative rods and to be of low toxicity in both animals and humans [1, 2]. The drug is not well absorbed when administered orally and must be given parenterally [3]. One problem in the management of infections due to Pseudomonas has been the toxicity of the antibiotics effective against that organism [4, 5]. The lack of serious toxicity and the promise of considerable clinical effectiveness led us to study the value of therapy with carbenicillin for serious infections due to gram-negative organisms. Twenty-seven patients were treated for 29 infections, most of which were caused by Pseudomonas organisms. Nine were bronchopneumonias that occurred in patients with cystic fibrosis. In addition, the susceptibilities of a large number of grampositive and gram-negative organisms to carbenicillin were determined by both the paper-disk and tube-dilution techniques.
Minimally invasive carcinosarcoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: A case report and literature review with cytohistological correlation.

Background Carcinosarcoma of the salivary glands is a rare neoplasm, and the minimally invasive form constitutes a subgroup with a more favorable prognosis. The cytomorphologic features of this neoplasm can be appreciated on fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Methods and Results We present a patient with a minimally invasive carcinosarcoma ex non-recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (Ca ex PA) who underwent initial fine-needle aspiration biopsy followed by surgical resection. The tumor was composed predominantly of a light microscopic pleomorphic high-grade sarcoma exhibiting partial myoepithelial immunohistochemical features, with a minor component of in situ and invasive salivary duct carcinoma (10%). A limited area with features of a hyalinized pleomorphic adenoma was identified. Conclusion This is the third case report of the cytological features of Ca ex PA of the salivary gland, with histologic correlation. It further illustrates the oncogenic relationship between epithelial and myoepithelial elements in the early stages of carcinosarcomatous transformation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016
Patient attitudes and knowledge about HIV infection and AIDS.

BACKGROUND Family physicians are caring for an increasing number of those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, those at risk, and those concerned about HIV disease. METHODS A questionnaire survey of attitudes and knowledge about HIV infection was conducted in 430 patients in three family practices in Monroe County, NY. RESULTS The majority of those surveyed had worried about catching HIV and had spoken with friends or relatives about HIV. Approximately 7.5% had had the HIV test. Approximately half of all the respondents expressed a desire to discuss HIV-related issues with their family doctor; however, less than 8% had actually done so. The majority of the respondents believed their family doctor was competent to answer questions about HIV disease. Furthermore, the majority were well informed about the modes of transmission of HIV. Many of the respondents were unsure of the lack of risk from casual contact, however, and whether acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is incurable at the present time. CONCLUSIONS Family physicians need to take a more active role in educating and counseling patients about HIV disease.
Nanocatalysts promote Streptococcus mutans biofilm matrix degradation and enhance bacterial killing to suppress dental caries in vivo

Dental biofilms (known as plaque) are notoriously difficult to remove or treat because the bacteria can be enmeshed in a protective extracellular matrix. It can also create highly acidic microenvironments that cause acid-dissolution of enamel-apatite on teeth, leading to the onset of dental caries. Current antimicrobial agents are incapable of disrupting the matrix and thereby fail to efficiently kill the microbes within plaque-biofilms. Here, we report a novel strategy to control plaque-biofilms using catalytic nanoparticles (CAT-NP) with peroxidase-like activity that trigger extracellular matrix degradation and cause bacterial death within acidic niches of caries-causing biofilm. CAT-NP containing biocompatible Fe3O4 were developed to catalyze H2O2 to generate free-radicals in situ that simultaneously degrade the biofilm matrix and rapidly kill the embedded bacteria with exceptional efficacy (>5-log reduction of cell-viability). Moreover, it displays an additional property of reducing apatite demineralization in acidic conditions. Using 1-min topical daily treatments akin to a clinical situation, we demonstrate that CAT-NP in combination with H2O2 effectively suppress the onset and severity of dental caries while sparing normal tissues in vivo. Our results reveal the potential to exploit nanocatalysts with enzyme-like activity as a potent alternative approach for treatment of a prevalent biofilm-associated oral disease.
Quadruple electron storage using visible light with nitrogen-heterocycles under metal-free conditions

Abstract A byproduct of the synthesis of 9,11,20,22-tetra-aza-tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2′3′-c:3″,2″-l:2′′′,3′′′]-pentacene (tatpp) is the symmetrical dimer ditatpp, which is linked by a carbon-carbon bond along the central benzene ring. The structure of the dimer has been determined by X-ray crystallography and reveals a dihedral angle of 73° between the two tatpp units, which is likely due lone pair repulsion on the adjacent aza nitrogens on each tatpp unit. Because of this non-planar geometry, this ditatpp dimer is freely soluble in organic solvents, such as ethanol, very much unlike the tatpp ligand, which is sparingly soluble in all common solvents. Photolysis of ditatpp with visible light in the presence of sacrificial donors, such as triethylamine, results in multi-electron reduction on each of the tatpp units, as determined by absorption spectroscopy. As the tatpp units appear to function independently of one another, and each tatpp unit is reduced by two electrons and is doubly protonated in the final compound, the photoreduction results in a net storage of 4 electrons in the fully reduced species.
Desire, Emulation and the Dialectic of Domination and Servitude in Irene

Desire is the term which Johnson employs to describe the motive force by which the mind is driven to break out of the circle of idleness and illusion and engage in a confrontation with the world. Whereas the perceiving consciousness of the ‘spectator’ or ‘rambler’ seeks merely to study and comprehend the world, the desiring mind of the ‘adventurer’ seeks to appropriate it, to make it its own. Johnson’s most detailed discussion of desire occurs in Rambler, No. 49. Paul Alkon observes that Rambler, No. 49, contains ‘a very full treatment of “mental anatomy’”, making an important distinction between the ‘natural passions that are universal constants in human nature’ and the ‘artificial passions that do not necessarily appear or play the same part in everybody’.1 Johnson’s distinction between natural and artificial passions comprise two out of what might be described as four stages in the growth of the human mind. These stages encompass the movement of the mind from the natural appetites of the infant in the first stage to the universal struggle for emulation that is characteristic of the adult in the final stage.
Student Preferences for Sales Careers in Great Britain

This study examines sales and marketing career perceptions and preferences of graduate business students in Great Britain. Management consulting and marketing management were preferred as career paths, while few respondents selected industrial or consumer product sales. Negative descriptors such as, boring, stressful, and pushy ware utilized to describe sales. Findings and implications for sales and marketing managers are presented.
Protein intake and energy requirements of the infant

R ecommended nutrient intakes of term infants are based, largely, on the intakes of various nutrients ingested by normally growing, breast-fed infants. However, there is no such standard for prematurely born and/or low-birthweight (LBW) infants. Most of these infants cannot be breast-fed for the first several weeks after birth and, even if this were possible, it is not clear that the relatively lower growth rate achievable with human milk versus that achievable with artificial formulas is appropriate for the LBW infant. Moreover, while there is general agreement that nutrient intakes sufficient to support some arbitrary rate of weight gain are necessary, the magnitude of the rate of weight gain that should be achieved is less clear. The LBW infant’s immature metabolic capacity is an additional factor that must be considered in reaching recommendations concerning the desirable intakes of various nutrients, particularly protein. While most investigators agree that intakes likely to result in “significant” metabolic derangements are undesirable, it usually is difficult to define a significant metabolic derangement. In this report, the current knowledge and opinions concerning the nutritional goals and, hence, the protein and energy needs of the LBW infant are summarized. Discussion of protein needs begin with a brief historical review of several sets of data that have been cited over roughly the past half-century to support a variety of oftenconflicting concepts. This is followed by discussions of more recent concepts of protein needs and a variety of factors that may influence protein needs. The energy needs of the LBW infant are discussed much more briefly. While suggestions
Oxide-Free Actuation of Gallium Liquid Metal Alloys Enabled by Novel Acidified Siloxane Oils.

Electrowetting and electrocapillarity of liquid metals have a long history, and a recent explosion of renewed interest. Liquid metals have electromagnetic properties and surface tensions (>500 mN/m) that enable new forms of reconfigurable devices. However, the only nontoxic option, gallium alloys, suffer from immediate formation of a semirigid surface oxide. Although acids or electrochemical reduction can remove this oxide, these approaches surround the gallium alloy in a fluid that is also electrically conducting, diminishing electromagnetic effectiveness and precluding electrowetting actuation. Reported here are acidified siloxanes that remove and prevent oxide formation. Importantly, the siloxane oil associatively incorporates hydrochloric or hydrobromic acids, is electrically insulating, is chemically stable, removes etching byproducts (including water), and allows robust electrowetting. This work opens up new opportunities for liquid metal reconfiguration, and is of fundamental interest due to the un...
Stroke: Impact on Life and Daily Function

The experience of having a stroke involves changes to many activities in social, leisure and work life, and the way we interact with the world. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the changes in mind-body interactionthat affect people who have experienced a stroke. We will explain health strategies important after stroke, and describe specific mind-body problems that affect daily life: issues with movement and mobility, problems perceiving and moving in the 3-D world, problems with sensation, self-awareness, and pain. We also discuss mind-body problems with mood and emotion, social function, concentration and memory problems, and communication disorder (aphasia) and fatigue. We end the chapter describing important steps in returning to the community for stroke survivors and their families, and cultural issues.
Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease and Injury

The inflammatory reaction in the brain associated with most acute or chronic neurodegenerative diseases is often termed “neuroinflammation.” Neuropathological and neuroradiological studies indicate that in certain neurodegenerative conditions, signs of neuroinflammation may be present years before significant loss of neurons occurs. In this article, we discuss the features of neuroinflammation and its role in limiting or promoting central nervous system injury. We review the evidence for neuroinflammation in progressive neurodegenerative disease and in acute central nervous system injury, with special emphasis on Parkinson's disease (PD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), respectively. The efficacy of current and developing antiinflammatory approaches to protect vulnerable neuronal populations in PD and TBI is also reviewed.
Women, Feminism, and Social Change in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, 1890-1940

Feminists in the Southern Cone countries-Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay-between 1910 and 1930 obliged political leaders to consider gender in labor regulation, civil codes, public health programs, and politics. Feminism thus became a factor in the modernization of these geographically linked but diverse societies in Latin America. Although feminists did not present a unified front in the discussion of divorce, reproductive rights, and public-health schemes to regulate sex and marriage, this work identifies feminism as a trigger for such discussion, which generated public and political debate on gender roles and social change. Asuncion Lavrin recounts changes in gender relations and the role of women in each of the three countries, thereby contributing an enormous amount of new information and incisive analysis to the histories of Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Asuncion Lavrin is a professor of history at Arizona State University. She edited Sexuality and Marriage in Colonial Latin America (Nebraska 1989) and Latin American Women: Historical Perspectives.
Role of Sigma-1 Receptor in Cocaine Abuse and Neurodegenerative Disease

Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1R) are recognized as a unique class of non-G protein-coupled intracellular protein. Sig-1R binds to its ligand such as cocaine , resulting in dissociation of Sig-1R from mitochondrion-associated ER membrane (MAM) to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plasma membrane, and nuclear membrane, regulating function of various proteins. Sig-1R has diverse roles in both physiological as well as in pathogenic processes. The disruption of Sig-1R pathways has been implicated as causative mechanism(s) in the development of both neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD ), Parkinson disease (PD ), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS ) and Huntington Disease (HD ) . Additionally, the interaction of cocaine and Sig-1R has more recently been implicated in potentiating the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) through impairment of blood-brain barrier (BBB), microglial activation and astrogliosis. On the other hand, restoration of Sig-1R homeostasis has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. In this review, we provide an overview of how Sig-1R plays a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and cocaine and implications for future development of therapeutic strategies.
Anti-EGFR treatment for EGFR-amplified gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.

60Background: Gastroesophageal cancer (GEC) is a global health problem. Multiple phase III anti-EGFR trials of unselected metastatic GEC patients (pts) were negative, yet subset analyses suggested ...
Ethical Concerns About Emerging Treatment Paradigms for Gender Dysphoria

The increasing incidence of requests for medical services to support gender transition for children, adolescents, and adults has consequences for society, governmental institutions, schools, families, health-care professionals, and, of course, patients. The sociological momentum to recognize and accommodate to trans phenomena has posed ethical dilemmas for endocrinologists, mental health professionals, and sexual specialists as they experience within themselves the clash between respect for patient autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and informed consent. The larger ethical clashes are cultural and therefore political. There is a distinct difference between pronouncements that represent human rights ideals and the reality of clinical observations. Some interpret this clash as a moral issue. This article delves into these tensions and reminds apologists from both passionate camps that clinical science has a rich tradition of resolving controversy through careful follow-up, which is not yet well developed in this arena.
Vectors of Contestation: Social Movements and Party Systems in Ecuador y Colombia

In a developed democratic party system, the party is perceived as a channel for popular contestation of policies. If an individual or group is unsatisfied with the performance or policies of those in power, they can seek a change in these policies or of the governing regime itself by supporting opposing parties who seek to block the regime’s policies through legislative action or to replace the regime through electoral competition.
Highest weight modules over the Lie algebra g(A)

In this chapter we begin to develop the representation theory of Kac-Moody algebras. Here we introduce the so-called category O, which is roughly speaking the category of restricted h-diagonalizable modules (the precise definition is given below). We study the “elementary” objects of this category, the so-called Verma modules, and their connection with irreducible modules. We discuss the problems of irreducibility and complete reducibility in the category O. At the end of the chapter we find, as an application of the representation theory, the defining relations of Kac-Moody algebras with a symmetrizable Cartan matrix.
The Role of Standards for Cloud-Scale Data Centers

Standards play an increasingly important role for cloud providers considering the dramatic growth that cloud services are experiencing. Distinctions are made between open consortia, multi-source agreements, and standards, and case studies with lessons learned are presented.
Biomass conversion of saw dust to a functionalized carbonaceous materials for the removal of Tetracycline, Sulfamethoxazole and Bisphenol A from water

Abstract Presence of antibiotic contaminants in drinking water is increasing in epidemic proportions in recent times. Here, we report a scalable and cost-effective approach to prepare sulfonated saw dust (SD-SO3H) derived from saw dust (SD) that exhibits high-capacity adsorbent properties for the removal of antibiotics such as Tetracycline (TC), Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and endocrine-disruptive chemicals such as Bisphenol A (BPA). The adsorption capacities of SD-SO3H towards the removal of TC, SMX, and BPA are 270.53 mg/g, 295.06 mg/g, and 263.75 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption capacity of SD-SO3H is about 2 and 4 times higher than commercially available activated carbon towards the removal of SMX and BPA, respectively according to the literature. For TC, the adsorption capacity of SD-SO3H is comparable to the commercially available activated carbon. The adsorbent was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Zeta potential measurements. The effect of initial concentration, dosage, time, pH and temperature on the adsorption process was systematically investigated. Isotherms studies showed that the TC and SMX adsorption follow Langmuir isotherm whereas, BPA adsorption follows Freundlich isotherm. The kinetics data can be well defined by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. A thermodynamic study of adsorption showed that the TC adsorption process was endothermic while the SMX and BPA adsorption processes were exothermic, and the adsorption process was spontaneous in all cases. Altogether, SD-SO3H can be a scalable, cost-effective adsorbent for the efficient removal of TC, SMX and BPA from wastewater.
The Structure of Coordination

In the previous chapter, I established the main features that conjoined structures must have: they must be c-command asymmetric, namely, one conjunct must c-command the others, and they must be licensing symmetric, namely, each conjunct must be licensed in a similar way as the other. I also provided evidence about the propositional nature of coordination.
Named and Targeted

This paper is a long draft chapter from my part of a forthcoming book: "Targeted Killing: For and Against." It considers the practice of targeted killing, specifically the fact that the practice targets people for death by name. It responds to the suggestion that there is no special concern about named targeting (provided the target is a combatant), by considering rules about assassination, attainder and outlawry. It considers the relevance of various philosophical ideas about naming and reference to the way in which targeted killing is practiced and justified. And it replies to those who defend targeted killing on the basis that it actually incorporates a quasi-judicial element.
Who’s the Boss? The Effect of Gender, Race, and Class on Workplace Authority

We analyze a representative U.S. sample to show the effects of inherited privilege in the domains of race, gender and class on the likelihood that an individual will obtain a position of workplace ...
S15.4 Combatting HIV with nanomaterials

The delivery of drug combinations is a paradigm for treatment of cancer, HIV/AIDS and drug resistant bacterial infections. My laboratory is interested in the application of engineered biomaterials to control the spatial and temporal delivery of a combination of agents (small molecules, biologics, conjugates). Strategies to combine chemically incompatible agents may facilitate the discovery of unique drug-drug activities, particularly unexplored combination drug synergy. In this presentation, I will summarize our efforts to develop polymeric delivery systems for the combination delivery of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in HIV prevention, treatment and cure. We have developed polymeric particulate and fiber carrier systems for delivering ARV drug combinations. The flexibility to design the nanoarchitecture of these polymeric carriers, combined with the versatility of drugs that can be encapsulated for controlled release, motivate the use of these systems for topical, injectable or oral delivery of combination agents.