cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fm systems as a treatment for capd

amplification, despite adequate gain. Unaided tests results showed that performance on the SSI at 0 MCR was 0% bilaterally. At +10 MCR, performance was 80% in the right ear and 46% in the left. This closely matched her word-recognition performance of 70% in the right ear and 46% in the left. When fitted with an FM system, her SSI performance at -10 MCR was 100%, whereas with a hearing aid (right ear only) it reached normal limits only in quiet. The patient was satisfied with the FM system and reported beneficial changes in her lifestyle. EVIDENCE IS ENCOURAGING Although conclusions based on case studies alone should be drawn with caution, preliminary evidence for this treatment is very encouraging. Most patients, regardless of age, received considerable benefit from an FM system, as determined by SSI performance. It is extremely interesting that central auditory processing shows such large improvements following this treatment. Patients whose performance was extremely poor without an FM system achieved almost 100% performance with FM. This result warrants consideration of this treatment in patients with persistent auditory processing difficulties. For patients with both peripheral and central hearing loss, hearing aids alone will probably not improve signal-to-noise ratio enough to overcome the central deficit. In the cases described above, increases in SSI performance were observed only when the FM system was used, not with hearing aids alone. Directional technology has improved since these cases were reported, but recent research suggests that, when both treatments are considered separately, directional microphones in hearing aids provide less benefit than FM systems. 1 Hearing aids are necessary for patients who show both a peripheral and a central hearing loss. However, supplementing them with an FM system may provide a benefit not otherwise attainable in this population.
Influence of roadway geometric elements on driver behavior when overtaking bicycles on rural roads

The objective of this research was to determine what influence geometric design elements of roadway may have on driver behavior during the overtaking maneuver. This was part of a larger research effort to eliminate crashes (and the resulting fatalities and injuries) between bicycles and motorized vehicles. The data collection process produced 1151 observations with approximately 40 different independent variables for each data point through direct observation, sensor logging, or derivation from other independent variables. Prior research by the authors developed a means to collect real-time field data through the use of a bicycle-mounted data collection system. The collected data was then used to model lateral clearance distance between vehicles and bicycles. The developed model confirmed field observations that the lateral clearance distance provided by drivers changes with vehicle speed and oncoming vehicle presence. These observations were presented by the authors previously. The model shows that driver behavior can be adjusted by the inclusion, or exclusion, of geometric elements. Evaluating roadways (or roadway designs) based on this model will enable stakeholders to identify those roadway segments where a paved shoulder would prove an effective safety countermeasure. This research will also enable roadway designers to better identify during the design phase those roadway segments that should be constructed with a paved shoulder. Language: en
The AALAS learning library and its effectiveness as a tool for technician training

Computer-based training is potentially a useful means of gaining proficiency in various aspects of laboratory animal science. The authors present an overview of the AALAS Learning Library (ALL), an internet-based training system that was established in 2003 and is widely used for technician certification training and for IACUC-mandated training. To evaluate the effectiveness of the ALL as a tool for general training and for achieving certification, the AALAS Online Learning Committee initiated a review of the online courses. The authors analyzed the numbers of users who accessed different types of courses and completed exams in those courses. They also correlated ALL usage with pass rates in technician certification exams. Results suggest that the ALL is a highly effective method of training, particularly for technician certification.
Elation versus irritability in mania.

Abstract Can a diagnosis of mania be made if the patient does not show the symptom of elation? Slater and Roth1 described the cardinal symptoms of mania as an elated mood, hyperactivity, a rapid stream of thought, and distractability. In m In making a diagnosis, a recent paper by Feighner et al.2 gives irritability equal weight with elation as the mood state in mania. An important question is whether irritability should in fact have equal status and whether the diagnosis could be made in the absence of elation. This paper will examine the diagnosis of manic-depressive illness made with irritability as the major mood state versus those patients diagnosed manic where elation was noted.
Student Understanding of Chemical Equation Balancing.

Fourteen high school chemistry students from two different schools were interviewed in depth on how they balanced simple chemical equations, the knowledge they employed while balancing the equations, and their representation of the balanced equations with diagrams. The equations were of the type employed when students are first introduced to chemical equation balancing in high school. All students were able to successfully balance the four equations presented to them. However, seven of the twelve students were not able to construct diagrams that were reasonably consistent with the notation of the balanced equation. It was further noted that these same students possessed very poor understanding of the concept of chemical subscript and were willing to violate the balancing rule which states that subscripts are not to be changed while balancing equations. The five students who were able to make consistent diagrams also possessed good concepts of subscript and the balancing rule.
Sensitivity ofBacillus subtilis sporulation to methylene blue inhibition

The dye methylene blue was found to inhibit sporulation inBacillus subtilis 168. The compound blocked spore formation at concentrations subinhibitory to vegetative growth while allowing synthesis of serine protease, antibiotic, and certain catabolite-repressed enzymes. The sporulation process was sensitive to the inhibitor through T6, but germination and outgrowth were not affected by the presence of the compound. The inhibition of sporulation may be related to the ability of the compound to inhibit oxidative phosphorylation.
Preferential synthesis of actin during early development of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum

Abstract The changes in protein synthesis during differentiation of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium were studied by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Total cell protein was analyzed following a 2-hr pulse-label. It was found that during the preaggregation stage, comprising the first third of the developmental cycle, a single major band accounts for more than 20% of the total labeled protein on the gel. This species was produced in at least 5–10-fold lower amounts, relative to total cell protein synthesis, in vegetative cells and in later developing stages. Actin was purified from vegetative cells and was found to correspond to the major band in several respects. The discovery of a single protein being synthesized in such quantity at a specific developmental stage provides a powerful tool for the isolation of a specific messenger RNA molecule and for an intensive study of all the factors involved in regulating protein synthesis in a eukaryotic organism.
The use of API career factors as Holland occupational types

As a modern version of the 16PF, the Adult Personality Inventory (API) was designed to report scale scores that provided more information and were more useful to psychologists than the underlying 16 factors. This was accomplished by generating a set of 21 scales that are linear combinations of the original 16 factors. Six of the API scales have been labeled the Career Factors and may correspond to Holland's occupational types. The purpose of the present study was to help determine the extent to which the API Career Factors could indeed be employed as Holland occupational types. To make this determination, mean API profiles for various occupational groups were matched with occupational groups from an index of occupational codes provided by Holland and tested for profile congruency. The results indicated that there exists a good degree of congruence between the Holland occupational codes and the API Career Factors. It was concluded that, in general, the API Career Factors can be conceptualized as Holland oc...
Perceptions of seriously ill patients: Does diagnosis make a difference?

Abstract One hundred fifty-five undergraduates taking an introductory class in psychology read descriptions of patients who were either male or female and had one of three serious illnesses: sex-specific cancer (breast or prostate), heart attack or lung cancer. Subjects then completed a questionnaire regarding their perceptions of and reactions to these descriptions. Two-way ANOVAs (sex by diagnostic category) on each of 13 questions revealed significant differences on 4 of the 13 questions for diagnostic category and 1 of the 4 questions also revealed a significant sex effect. Student-Newman-Keuls comparisons revealed that patients with sex-specific cancer were seen as more difficult to talk to about their illness, less at fault for their illness, more likely to be embarrassed when an acquaintance finds out, and more likely to experience sexual adjustment problems. Males were also seen as more likely to experience sexual difficulties than females regardless of diagnosis. Implications of these findings for those who work with patients are discussed.
Amplitude and phase beam characterization using a two-dimensional wavefront sensor

We have developed a two-dimensional Shack-Hartman wavefront sensor that uses binary optic lenslet arrays to directly measure the wavefront slope (phase gradient) and amplitude of the laser beam. This sensor uses an array of lenslets that dissects the beam into a number of samples. The focal spot location of each of these lenslets (measured by a CCD camera) is related to the incoming wavefront slope over the lenslet. By integrating these measurements over the laser aperture, the wavefront or phase distribution can be determined. Since the power focused by each lenslet is also easily determined, this allows a complete measurement of the intensity and phase distribution of the laser beam. Furthermore, all the information is obtained in a single measurement. Knowing the complete scalar field of the beam allows the detailed prediction of the actual beam`s characteristics along its propagation path. In particular, the space- beamwidth product M{sup 2}, can be obtained in a single measurement. The intensity and phase information can be used in concert with information about other elements in the optical train to predict the beam size, shape, phase and other characteristics anywhere in the optical train. We present preliminary measurements of an Ar{sup +} laser beam and associated M{sup 2} calculations.
Expanded Host Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Hantaviruses in Sub-Saharan Africa

The recent discovery of hantaviruses in shrews and bats in West Africa suggests that other genetically distinct hantaviruses exist in East Africa. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses of newfound hantaviruses, detected in archival tissues from the Geata mouse shrew (Myosorex geata) and Kilimanjaro mouse shrew ( Myosorex zinki) captured in Tanzania, expands the host diversity and geographic distribution of hantaviruses and suggests that ancestral shrews and/or bats may have served as the original mammalian hosts of primordial hantaviruses.
Signs and Voices in Psychotherapy

Signs (e.g., words, gestures, tokens, pictures) point to something besides themselves and are observable. Using signs, events can reproduce themselves (in part) across time and space. Signs change meaning each time they are used, but they also accumulate meanings from each use. Voices are active subdivisions (or collectivities) of people, internalized agents representing people, and events formed from traces of previous experience. People can be understood as communities of voices. Most theoretical approaches to psychotherapy recognize some forms of multivoicedness. Multiple voices may represent depth of resources and flexibility or fragmentation and dissociation, depending on the strength of the meaning bridges between the voices, which are constructed of signs. This article reviews research findings and problems that led me to my interest in signs and voices, and gives psychotherapy case examples of sign-mediated assimilation of problematic voices into the client's community of voices. Zeichen, das heis...
Therapeutic effect of conivaptan bolus dosing in hyponatremic neurosurgical patients.

Study Objective To determine the natremic response of a single 20-mg bolus dose of conivaptan, an arginine vasopressin antagonist, in hyponatremic neurosurgical patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Design Retrospective medical record review. Setting Neurosurgical intensive care unit of a tertiary care referral hospital. Patients Thirty-two hyponatremic patients with SIADH who were admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit and received a single 20-mg bolus dose of conivaptan between January and December 2011. Measurements and Main Results Each patient's natremic response over 48 hours was determined. The primary end point was an increase in serum sodium level of 4 mEq/L or greater over the first 24 hours. The mean ± SD baseline serum sodium level was 129.8 ± 3.4 mEq/L, which increased to 133.1 ± 3.2 mEq/L at 6 hours after administration of the bolus dose of conivaptan. The serum sodium level at 24 hours was 134.2 ± 3.2 mEq/L, indicating a 24-hour natremic response of 4.3 ± 2.6 mEq/L (range 1–13 mEq/L) from baseline (p<0.001). Eighteen patients (56%) met the primary end point. The mean ± SD fluid balance over the first 24 hours was –783 ± 440 ml. The mean ± SD change in serum sodium level from 24 to 48 hours was 0.5 ± 1.3 mEq/L. No adverse effects or injection-site reactions were noted. The patients who failed to reach the primary end point were treated with repeated doses of conivaptan plus other agents. Conclusion We recommend a single 20-mg dose of conivaptan as the preferred initial approach to treating patients with SIADH who are in the neurosurgical intensive care unit. The 24-hour natremic response should then dictate whether additional doses of conivaptan or other therapeutic interventions are required. We believe that such an approach is safe and will result in a controlled and predictable increase in the serum sodium concentration.
Not in Our Name

Born out of anger and frustration with the Bush administration’s unilateral intervention in Iraq and the attendant mediated responses to such action that question the patriotism of peace activists and those who dare speak out against the draconian neoconservative agenda currently dominating American cultural politics, “Not in Our Name!” marks an ongoing conversation about and critical interrogation of the post-9/11 moment. Re/presented as a symbolic interactive messy performance text that crosses generations, races, and genders, the authors seek to police this crisis of global uncertainty and imagine radically free utopian spaces where the promise of progressive democratic values are not overrun by corrupt political ideologies masquerading under the guise of jingoistic patriotism, the “War on Terror” marketing slogan, and an “Us” versus “Them” mentality. The authors’ active words and voices of resistance and passion envision an end to this national nightmare and a dawning of a new day of hope.
Recent advances in vaccine development for herpes simplex virus types I and II.

Despite recent advances in vaccine design and strategies, latent infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) remains a formidable challenge. Approaches involving live-attenuated viruses and inactivat...
Parathyroid hormone reverses radiation induced hypovascularity in a murine model of distraction osteogenesis

Background Radiation treatment results in a severe diminution of osseous vascularity. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been shown to have an anabolic effect on osteogenesis, though its impact on angiogenesis remains unknown. In this murine model of distraction osteogenesis, we hypothesize that radiation treatment will result in a diminution of vascularity in the distracted regenerate and that delivery of intermittent systemic PTH will promote angiogenesis and reverse radiation induced hypovascularity.
High-speed multispectral infrared imaging and data processing method

The new imaging system developed in our laboratory facilitates the solutions of problems otherwise difficult to remedy. In this lecture, the progressive steps taken for building our new diagnostic tool are explained, followed by a description of the system and our data processing methods. Some of the results obtained by using the device are presented. The system design was directed to incorporation of off-the- shelf components with several newly fabricated units in order to overcome limitations in existing infrared (IR) imaging systems. In the new IR imaging system which recently became operational, four high-speed IR camera units are lined up to a single (reflective) optical unit having three spectral beam splitters. This permits simultaneous framing of four geometrically (pixel-to-pixel) identical images of the same object in respective spectral bands. The multispectral imaging by the camera is activated either by the internal clock (at a rate over 1,800 frames/sec) or an external signal such as pulses generated by an encoder. Unique features incorporated in the system include: independent variation of the framing rate and the exposure period in terms of time period (as short as 30 microsecond(s) ec) or the number of external pulses; control of the total number of images to be obtained per event from successive cyclic processes. The new device is applied to 'quantitative imaging' of rapidly reacting events/objects, e.g. determination of temporal and spatial variations of the thermochemical characteristics. Thermal objects, which typically involve a reactor wall and a gaseous mixture in front, are studied by obtaining the high-speed digital readout from the corresponding pixels of: two wall images in separate wavebands and two mixture images in other bands, i.e., total of four matrices of digital output at a time. The results are processed by the conventional two-color method and a new dual-band spectrometric algorithm.
A case study in the design of an optimal production sharing rule for a petroleum exploration venture

Abstract To improve on the design of the production-sharing rule in a contract for exploration and development negotiated between a state-owned oil resources authority and a U.S. oil company, we use the Grossman and Hart (1983) principal-agent model. In the original contract, the company was granted a share of production as an incentive to maximize the net return to the authority. The optimal sharing rule we develop increases the expected return to the authority by 6% by improving the company's incentives to choose an optimal exploration program.
The ignition and combustion behavior of spent shale particles

This study examines the ignition and burning of chars left after pyrolysis of 5-cm dia. oil shale samples. The experiments modeled in-situ retorting by minimizing radiation. The effects of shale grade (from 83 to 183 liter/tonne), retorting temperature (600 to 756 K), and combustion gas composition (5 to 21% O/sub 2/) were examined. This study confirms the important role of gasification of the char by CO/sub 2/ released from decomposition of carbonate minerals and explores the transition to that mechanism from the initial direct attach of O/sub 2/ on char. This transition is normally encountered in combustion of chars produced from rich shales. The role of CO combustion within the rock matrix is also considered. The model is presented which successfully predicts the temperature histories and conversions of the spent shales, as well as the change from the direct oxidation mechanism to the gasification mechanism described above.
Electro-Optic Mode Extinction Modulator Using Weakly Guided Channel Waveguide

Electro-optic modulators have been constructed which provide high efficiency modulation of channel guided waves in LiNb03 with a capability of large dynamic range, good linearity, and high packing density for use in large modulator arrays. Modulation of an input guided wave has been observed by creating a variable index gradient with an E-field generated by surface electrodes. The dominant modulation mechanism is determined by the degree of light energy confinement in the interaction region. Both an imaging or gradient effect and a guided mode effect are possible. Modulation efficiencies of greater than 0.95 have been achieved with a 1 mm interaction length and an E-field strength of 4 x 10-6 v/m. Linearity of about 1% has been demonstrated. Design considerations and experimental performance data are presented.
Considering the Evidence-and-Credibility Discussion in Evaluation Through the Lens of Dialectical Pluralism

Credibility of evidence in evaluation is examined through the lens of dialectical pluralism (DP). Principles of procedural justice are a core element of DP and help justify outcomes of its application. A key message is that DP and the associated circle of scientific evidence and knowledge model can aid the evaluation community in producing an inclusive evaluation knowledge generation, dissemination, and use system, where practice-to-theory and theory-to-practice evidence continually inform each other in a multiple stakeholder environment. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
P01-138 - Prevalence, symptom patterns and comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders in primary care in qatar

Aim To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in Qatari population who attend the primary health care settings and examine their symptoms patterns and co-morbidity. Design A cross sectional. Setting Primary health care center, Qatar Subjects A total of 2080 Qatari subjects aged 18 to 65 years were approached and 1660 (79.8%) patients participated in this study. Methods The study was based on a face to face interview with a designed diagnostic screening questionnaire which consists of 17 questions about symptoms and signs of anxiety and depression disorders. Physicians determined the definitive diagnosis for depression and anxiety disorders by further checking and screening their symptoms. Results The overall prevalence of depression and anxiety disorder was 13.5% and 10.3% respectively. Qatari women were at higher risk for depression (53.1% vs 46.9%) and anxiety disorder (56.7% vs 43.3%) compared to men. More than half of the sufferers with anxiety (56.7%) and depression (53.1%) were Qatari women with a higher frequency in the age group 18 34 years. There were significant differences between men and women with depression in terms of age group (p = 0.004), marital status (p = 0.04), occupation (p Conclusion The depression was more prevalent in Qatari than anxiety disorders. The high risk groups of depression and anxiety disorders were being female, married, middle aged and highly educated.
Cbl exposes its RING finger.

The Cbl family of RING finger ubiquitin ligases regulates signaling in many systems. Two new studies provide a structural basis for how phosphorylation of a specific tyrosine in the Cbl proteins enhances their ubiquitin ligase activity, giving insight into how ubiquitination by Cbl proteins is restricted to specific substrates.
Brazzein a Small, Sweet Protein: Discovery and Physiological Overview

, 1968; Kurihara and Beidler, 1968) amol. wt of 24 600.The search for sweeteners was no longer limited to small moleculesand resulted within a few years in the discovery of monellin andthaumatin (Morris and Cagan, 1972; van der Wel and Loeve, 1972).Later, mabinlin and curculin were discovered (Hu and He, 1983;Yamashita
Effects of Chelated Iron on the Growth of Two Species of Vallisneria

: Iron, added as (Fe-EDTA)-, was found stimulatory to V. spiralis at a concentration of 0.05 ppm. (Fe-EDTA)- had no effect upon growth of V. neotropicalis as measured by changes in dissolved oxygen and dry weight. Results are compared with those derived from similar studies with Hydrilla verticillata and Egeria densa. The implications of lake drawdown and aeration are discussed.
Intramolecular Cohesion of Coils Mediated by Phenylalanine–Glycine Motifs in the Natively Unfolded Domain of a Nucleoporin

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) provides the sole aqueous conduit for macromolecular exchange between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of cells. Its diffusion conduit contains a size-selective gate formed by a family of NPC proteins that feature large, natively unfolded domains with phenylalanine–glycine repeats (FG domains). These domains of nucleoporins play key roles in establishing the NPC permeability barrier, but little is known about their dynamic structure. Here we used molecular modeling and biophysical techniques to characterize the dynamic ensemble of structures of a representative FG domain from the yeast nucleoporin Nup116. The results showed that its FG motifs function as intramolecular cohesion elements that impart order to the FG domain and compact its ensemble of structures into native premolten globular configurations. At the NPC, the FG motifs of nucleoporins may exert this cohesive effect intermolecularly as well as intramolecularly to form a malleable yet cohesive quaternary structure composed of highly flexible polypeptide chains. Dynamic shifts in the equilibrium or competition between intra- and intermolecular FG motif interactions could facilitate the rapid and reversible structural transitions at the NPC conduit needed to accommodate passing karyopherin–cargo complexes of various shapes and sizes while simultaneously maintaining a size-selective gate against protein diffusion.
THE PARANOID SYNDROME

Paranoid characteristics often prompt the diagnosis of schizophrenia. This paper advises a cautious diagnostic approach aimed at increased awareness of the many and potentially serious illnesses that may present with paranoid features.
Rock Art and Ritual: An Archaeological Analysis of Rock Art in Arid Central Australia

Rock art researchers throughout the world have explicitly or implicitly invoked ritual as an activity associated with the production of rock art but the articulation between the structure and composition of rock art assemblages and ritual behaviour remains poorly understood. Anthropologist, Roy Rappaport (1999) argued that all ritual, whatever the content or focus, has a universal structure. We review this proposition in the context of ritual studies and propose a method aimed at assessing the potential for identifying ritual structure in rock art assemblages. We discuss an archaeological analysis undertaken on the rock art assemblages in arid Central Australia, which aimed at distinguishing such a ritual structure among engraved assemblages, likely to have a Pleistocene origin, as well as more recent painted, stencilled and drawn assemblages. This analysis, despite its limitations, provides the foundation for developing a model, which will enhance the understanding of the relationship between the production of rock art and ritual.
Translocation (4;11)(p12;q23) with rearrangement of FRYL and MLL in therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia

Reciprocal chromosomal translocations involving the MLL gene at chromosome region 11q23 are recurring cytogenetic abnormalities in both de novo and therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We report a t(4;11)(p12;q23) with rearrangement of MLL and FRYL (also known as AF4p12), a human homolog to the furry gene of Drosophila, in an adult patient with therapy-related AML after fludarabine and rituximab therapy for small lymphocytic lymphoma and radiation therapy for breast carcinoma. To our knowledge, t(4;11)(p12;q23) has been reported in two previous patients, and MLL and FRYL rearrangement was demonstrated in one of them. Both of the previous patients had therapy-related leukemias after exposure to topoisomerase II inhibitors, whereas our patient had received cytotoxic therapy that did not include a topoisomerase II inhibitor. Thus, t(4;11)(p12;q23) with MLL and FRYL involvement represents a new recurring 11q23 translocation, to date seen only in therapy-related acute leukemias.
Behavioral ethics for Homo economicus, Homo heuristicus, and Homo duplex

Abstract In this article we explore how assumptions about human nature may influence the ways one might try to promote ethical behavior in organizations. We summarize two common views of human nature in organizational research—Homo economicus and Homo heuristicus. We then extend these views by putting forward a third view of human nature initially proposed by Emile Durkheim—Homo duplex—which describes human beings as moving back and forth between a lower (individual) and higher (collective) level. We suggest that the Homo duplex view is uniquely equipped to account for variables of interest to organizational scholars because of its attention to a fundamental tension: People in organizations can be both selfish and groupish, and the balance between those tendencies influences the ethical profile of the organization in complex ways. We end with a discussion of the theoretical implications of the Homo duplex view for behavioral ethics researchers.
HIV-Related Stigma among People with HIV and their Families: A Qualitative Analysis

We examined the interconnectedness of stigma experiences in families living with HIV, from the perspective of multiple family members. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 33 families (33 parents with HIV, 27 children under age 18, 19 adult children, and 15 caregivers). Parents were drawn from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study, a representative sample of people in care for HIV in US. All of the families recounted experiences with stigma, including 100% of mothers, 88% of fathers, 52% of children, 79% of adult children, and 60% of caregivers. About 97% of families described discrimination fears, 79% of families experienced actual discrimination, and 10% of uninfected family members experienced stigma from association with the parent with HIV. Interpersonal discrimination seemed to stem from fears of contagion. Findings indicate a need for interventions to reduce HIV stigma in the general public and to help families cope with stigma.
Scintillation pulse shape discrimination in a two-phase xenon time projection chamber

Abstract The energy and electric field dependence of pulse shape discrimination in liquid xenon have been measured in a 10 g two-phase xenon time projection chamber. We have demonstrated the use of the pulse shape and charge-to-light ratio simultaneously to obtain a leakage below that achievable by either discriminant alone. A Monte Carlo is used to show that the dominant fluctuation in the pulse shape quantity is statistical in nature, and project the performance of these techniques in larger detectors. Although the performance is generally weak at low energies relevant to elastic WIMP recoil searches, the pulse shape can be used in probing for higher energy inelastic WIMP recoils.
Prostate cancer stage shift has eliminated the gap in disease-free survival in black and white American men after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: The initiation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing has led to increased public awareness, early detection and a stage shift in prostate cancer. We have previously reported that black American men have worse disease-free survival independently of pathological or clinical factors. We tested the stage shift effects on disease-free survival in our cohort of patients treated with radical prostatectomy.Materials and Methods: A total of 1,042 consecutive patients underwent radical prostatectomy performed by Wayne State University full-time faculty. The cohort was divided by the year of surgery as before (585 men in group 1) or after (457 in group 2) 1996. Clinicopathological and disease-free survival data were obtained from the Karmanos Cancer Institute multidisciplinary prostate cancer database.Results: Improvements in clinical stage, preoperative PSA and biopsy Gleason score were observed in group 2 (p = 0.0001). Pathological organ confined disease increased in group 2 versus 1 in the 2 races, ...
Ion-exchange chromatography followed by ESI-MS for quantitative analysis of sugar monophosphates from glucose catabolism.

The aim of this work is to establish a quantitative method to determine the ratio of [U-13C] labeled to unlabeled hexose monophosphates isolated from yeast extracts. This is accomplished by anion exchange chromatography and mobile phase desalting followed by electrospray (ESI) mass spectrometry. We test the method with the analysis of a sample of biological origin. Previously developed analytical techniques are not adequate to accomplish mass spectrometric analysis of these and other small monosaccharide systems because of interference from salt clusters. By lowering the ionic strength of the mobile phase and using a simplified injection system to the mass spectrometer, we were able to obtain data on the relative abundance of the hexose monophosphates.
Nonpairwise Interactions and Vacancy Formation Energies in Simple Molecular Solids

A method is given for summing all orders of nonpairwise contributions to the van der Waals interaction energy of a substitutional impurity in a monatomic molecular crystal using a Lorentz oscillator model as an approximation. The nonpairwise contribution to the energy of removing an atom from the lattice is obtained as a limiting case. Applied to rare-gas solids, the model suggests vacancy formation energies reduced from the two-body values, but insufficiently to give complete agreement with experiment.
Synthesis and electrical properties of CuNi0.5Ti0.5O2

Abstract This paper presents structural and electrical data on the delafossite compound CuNi0.5Ti0.5O2. Ceramics of CuNi0.5Ti0.5O2 were prepared via solid state synthesis techniques in a controlled atmosphere of pO2 = 10− 3 atm. The compound crystallized into the 3R delafossite phase with hexagonal lattice parameters of a = 3.0079 (± 0.0004) A and c = 17.2543 (± 0.003) A. The electrical properties of the material are characterized by a room temperature conductivity of 2 × 10− 6 S/cm. The conductivity exhibits an Arrhenius-like temperature dependence with an activation energy of 0.48 eV.
Visible body modification (VBM): evidence from human resource managers and recruiters and the effects on employment

Abstract The purpose of this study was to measure the perceptions of hospitality industry human resource managers and recruiters of interviewees with visible tattoos and body piercings. A questionnaire was sent via e-mail to 37 human resource managers and college recruiters, which contained a single open-ended question regarding tattoos and piercing, for the purpose of obtaining some baseline data on their impact on employment. Thirty (81.08%) of the human resource managers and recruiters responded with the majority (86.67%) saying that visible tattoos and body piercings on an interviewee would be viewed negatively by their organization.
Explicit formula for the renormalization-scheme invariants of perturbation theory

Certain combinations rho-tilde/sub n/ of perturbative coefficients (in the expansion of a physical quantity) and ..beta..-function coefficients are renormalization-scheme invariant. An explicit formula for the general rho-tilde/sub n/ is derived.
Are second-generation Filipinos ‘becoming’ Asian American or Latino? Historical colonialism, culture and panethnicity

AbstractThis article examines how second-generation Filipinos understand their panethnic identity, given their historical connection with both Asians and Latinos, two of the largest panethnic groups in the USA. While previous studies show panethnicity to be a function of shared political interests or class status, I argue that the cultural residuals of historical colonialism in the Philippines, by both Spain and the USA, shape how Filipinos negotiate panethnic boundaries with Asians and Latinos, albeit in different ways. Filipinos cite the cultural remnants of US colonialism as a reason to racially demarcate themselves from Asians, and they allude to the legacies of Spanish colonialism to blur boundaries with Latinos. While the colonial history of Filipinos is unique, these findings have implications for better understanding racialization in an increasingly multiethnic society – namely, how historical legacies in sending societies interact with new racial contexts to influence panethnic identity development.
Halocarbocyclization Entry into the Oxabicyclo[4.3.1]decyl Exomethylene-δ-Lactone Cores of Linearifolin and Zaluzanin A: Exploiting Combinatorial Catalysis

A streamlined entry into the sesquiterpene lactone (SQL) cores of linearifolin and zaluzanin A is described. Stereochemistry is controlled through transformations uncovered by ISES (In Situ Enzymatic Screening). Absolute stereochemistry derives from kinetic resolution of 5-benzyloxypentene-1,2-oxide, utilizing a β-pinene-derived-Co(III)-salen. Relative stereochemistry (1,3-cis-fusion) is set via formal halometalation/carbocyclization, mediated by [Rh(O(2)CC(3)F(7))(2)](2)/LiBr. Subsequent ring-closing metathesis (RCM-Grubbs II) yields the title exomethylene-δ-lactone SQL cores. In complementary fashion, RCM with Grubbs-I catalyst provides the oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl core of xerophilusin R and zinagrandinolide.
FeZSM-5: A Durable SCR Catalyst for NOxRemoval from Combustion Streams

A convenient method of preparing “overexchanged” FeZSM-5 catalysts is described that minimizes oxidation of Fe2+to Fe3+during base-exchange and inhibits the formation of Bronsted sites. These catalysts are more active than comparable CuZSM-5 preparations and are much more durable. They are not poisoned by up to 20% H2O and/or 150 ppm of SO2. A 2500-h durability test, carried out at 500°C, is described. It showed minimal loss of activity in a simulated exhaust gas stream. Moreover, 24-hin situexcursions to higher temperatures (up to 800°C) caused no loss in activity on return to 500°C. These findings are contrasted with those obtained with CuZSM-5. Examination of the catalyst at the end of the test showed minimal loss of pore volume and only Tdcoordinated27Al could be detected. The sum of Fe+Na (residual) was equal to the Al.1HNMR showed no evidence of Bronsted sites suggesting that (FeOH)+was exchanged with Na+with the corresponding H+being removed by the anion of Fe-salt used for exchange, viz., C2O4−2. Supplemental tests showed that the Fe2+base-exchanged cations could be readily oxidized to Fe3+by O2and reduced back to Fe2+with H2, but could not be further reduced at temperatures as high as 950°C. The results suggest that dealumination and breakdown of the lattice result from the presence of Bronsted sites.
Two propositions on the optimum level of producing collective goods

a state. The cost of mosquito control on a private basis is P*, which is prohibitive; but if the state provides such service on a statewide basis, the standard solution indicates a control level of Qo per person at cost Po per unit of service.1 If the economies of scale in providing this service are already realized at a lower level of activity, and if the three groups of consumers can be easily segregated, it is obvious that a superior solution can be achieved by providing individuals in each group not the common quantity Qo but the respective quantities demanded by them at price Po. This, of course, is well-known. Tiebout2 further suggested that if the three levels of service are offered in three localities, consumers will gravitate towards the locality that best agrees with their desires.
Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Recent studies support the involvement of supraspinal networks in control of bipedal human walking. Part of this evidence encompasses studies, including our previous work, demonstrating that gait kinematics and limb coordination during treadmill walking can be inferred from the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) with reasonably high decoding accuracies. These results provide impetus for development of non-invasive brain-machine-interface (BMI) systems for use in restoration and/or augmentation of gait- a primary goal of rehabilitation research. To date, studies examining EEG decoding of activity during gait have been limited to treadmill walking in a controlled environment. However, to be practically viable a BMI system must be applicable for use in everyday locomotor tasks such as over ground walking and turning. Here, we present a novel protocol for non-invasive collection of brain activity (EEG), muscle activity (electromyography (EMG)), and whole-body kinematic data (head, torso, and limb trajectories) during both treadmill and over ground walking tasks. By collecting these data in the uncontrolled environment insight can be gained regarding the feasibility of decoding unconstrained gait and surface EMG from scalp EEG.
Prospective Analysis of Genital Ulcer Disease in Brooklyn, New York

We prospectively studied 82 men and women with first episodes of genital ulceration. By using newer diagnostic techniques, a definite microbial etiology of 84 infections in 65 of the 82 patients evaluated was found. There were 33 cases of definite primary syphilis, 27 of definite chancroid, and 24 of definite genital herpes simplex. Conclusive evidence of more than one microbial etiology was found for 19 (23%) of the patients. Simultaneous primary syphilis and chancroid was the third most common ulcer infection. This finding underscores the need for both clinical suspicion of multiple infections in patients with genital ulcers and comprehensive testing for all suspicious etiologies.
Influence of thermal conductivity on the breakdown field of niobium cavities

To experimentally check the predictions of the thermal model for the influence of thermal conductivity on breakdown field levels in Nb cavities, eight elliptical cavities at 8600 MHz have been built from material with RRRs of 25, 50 and 100 (RRR α thermal conductivity). After several rf tests on each cavity, the RRRs were increased by outgassing at -2000 C in a vacuum of \sim10^{-9} torr using resistive and induction heating furnaces with high pumping speeds. From a total of 40 tests on these cavities with RRRs ranging from 25 to 1400 the breakdown field is found to be roughly proportional to the square root of the RRR. Fabrication methods were kept the same for all the cavities and identical chemical surface preparation procedures were applied to the cavities before and after changing RRRs.
Measuring Organizational Slack: A Note on the Convergence and Divergence of Alternative Operational Definitions

Four different approaches for operationalizing organization slack through secondary financial data have been proposed (Bourgeois, 1981; Dimick & Murray, 1978; Marino & Lange, 1982; Wolf, 1971). In this paper these measures are organized into two types of oper ations: relative and absolute; and each is applied to a common group of firms. The relative measures agree to a significant degree on the classification of firms into high and low slack groups. The absolute measures do not, however, converge. Intertype comparisons (relative vs. absolute) indicate that the proposed operations do discriminate between these two aspects of the slack construct.
A retrospective analysis of institutional review board and informed consent practices in EMS research

Study objective: To assess the frequency of institutional review board (IRB) review and informed consent in emergency medical services (EMS) research. Design: Two-year, retrospective review of published EMS research. Measurements and main results: One hundred two studies were analyzed. Seventy-one (70%) were exempt from IRB review; 31 (30%) were not exempt. Seventeen nonexempt studies (55%) did not obtain IRB review. Eight of these did not specify a consent method; one used implied consent and eight used volunteers. Volunteers gave informed consent in one study. Of the 14 nonexempt studies with IRB approval, seven did not specify a consent method. Two used informed consent, one received an informed consent waiver, one used verbal consent, and three involved volunteers. Written parent permission was used once when volunteers were minors. Conclusion: IRB review is often omitted by EMS investigators. This raises ethical concerns about EMS research. Investigators should document their consent method or approval to use an informed consent waiver in their manuscripts. A consent method should be specified for volunteers.
What changes can health promotion achieve and how long do these changes last? The trade-offs between expediency and durability

Abstract This article examines the logic and evidence by which health education together with related organizational, economic, and environmental supports or interventions can result in more than superficial or transitory adjustments of behavior conducive to health. Most signs point to continuing development of the health promotion movement, as indicated by its grass roots origins, the long-range convergence of changes in health-related behaviors (e.g., smoking, diet, exercise, alcohol consumption, safety practices), public and private sector investment, and the growing interest of hospitals and medical practitioners in health promotion. To assess the durability of behavior changes accomplished through health promotion activities, the apparent discrepancy between improvements observed on the social level and high relapse rates reported in most experimental studies on individuals is analyzed, leading to the conclusion that the experimental studies have overstated the problem of relapse. There is a trade-off between expedient interventions that achieve short-term behavior changes and more difficult, slower-acting educational and lifestyle interventions that assure a greater congruence between the behavior and the values, beliefs, and circumstances of the individual.
Variations in Costs for the Care of Low-Birth-Weight Infants Among Academic Hospitals

Objectives: To determine the relative role that academic hospitals (AHs) play in providing neonatal care for low-birth-weight infants within a single state and to determine if there are variations in inpatient costs for neonatal services among AHs. Design: Retrospective analysis of hospital costs for low-birth-weight infants. Setting: Cases were identified using 2003-2005 data from the Tennessee Hospital Discharge Data System. A specific focus was discharge data from the 5 AHs that support obstetrical residencies and have a neonatal intensive care unit. Participants: Cases included all discharged infants with a birth weight of <2500 grams. Results: The 5 AHs discharged 18% of the total normal-birth-weight infants and 30% of the low-birth-weight infants for the entire state. AHs had higher costs associated with these infants than did other hospitals, with a single exception The difference in costs at this hospital was consistent with the finding of lower utilization rates of hospital services, a shorter av...