cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fault injection techniques and tools

Fault injection is important to evaluating the dependability of computer systems. Researchers and engineers have created many novel methods to inject faults, which can be implemented in both hardware and software. The contrast between the hardware and software methods lies mainly in the fault injection points they can access, the cost and the level of perturbation. Hardware methods can inject faults into chip pins and internal components, such as combinational circuits and registers that are not software-addressable. On the other hand, software methods are convenient for directly producing changes at the software-state level. Thus, we use hardware methods to evaluate low-level error detection and masking mechanisms, and software methods to test higher level mechanisms. Software methods are less expensive, but they also incur a higher perturbation overhead because they execute software on the target system.
Evaluation of XP-1: a new medium to culture mycobacteria in smooth form.

Little progress has been made in the last 10 years in the formulation of new media to improve isolation of Mycobacterium bovis. A new medium for isolating M. paratuberculosis 2 and the advent of mycobacterial isolations from patients suffering from acquired immune deficiency syndrome infections have resulted in the introduction of new techniques for isolating mycobacteria. The addition of sodium selenate to media has shown enhancement of the growth of M. tuberculosis. 4 Inoculated media were incubated at 37 C and examined weekly for mycobacterial growth for 8 weeks. Colony appearance time, number of colonies, and colony characteristics were recorded. One hundred specimens (Group A) from which isolations of mycobacteria had been made were examined. Isolates were identified by methods previously reported.
Subjective Well-Being in Urban Adolescents: Interpersonal, Individual, and Community Influences

This study examined the relationship between subjective well-being criteria (negative affect, positive affect, and subjective well-being) and individual, family, friend, school, and neighborhood predictor variables in 159 ethnically diverse, urban adolescents. Results indicated that negative affect was significantly predicted by family variables, positive affect was significantly predicted by individual, school, and friend variables, and satisfaction with life was significantly predicted by individual and family variables. Limitations, directions for future research, and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Successful Reemployment Through Resiliency Development

The proposed model in this article seeks to extend the job search literature by considering resiliency as a predictor of job search behavior and reemployment outcomes. In addition, because past res...
Online Word-of-Mouth in the Co-Creation and Dissemination of Consumer-Generated Ads

This naturalistic inquiry probes WOM concerning online consumer-generated advertising (CGA). Through a content analysis of online conversations regarding fourteen CGAs posted to YouTube.com, we uncover that multiple engagement dimensions (i.e., ad, brand, brand community and community-at-large) direct CGA interactions and WOM conversations. We find that the introduction of an ad creator plays a key role in the interactive social processes of WOM involved in consuming CGAs online. The research accommodates the inherently socio-relational nature of marketing-relevant online WOM conversations and reframes the online CGA as a medium for interaction rather than a simple brand message in and of itself.
THE WHELK DREDGE FISHERY OF DELAWARE

Abstract The status of the Delaware whelk dredge fishery was assessed from state landings reports and from data collected by an onboard observer. Mean annual whelk landings for 1994 to 2000 were 18.5 mt of meats and increased to 241.6 mt for the period 2001 to 2004. Annual landings for 2001 to 2003 were 88% to 119% of the sum of dredge and trawl fishery landings reported by the remaining states on the United States Atlantic coast. Although knobbed whelks, Busycon carica, are landed throughout the year, 88% of pooled monthly landings for 1994 to 2004 were taken between March and June inclusive. Eleven observer cruises were conducted March to June 2004. Total estimated daily take of legal (length ≥127 mm) knobbed whelks ranged from to 197–3,710 organisms. Expected catch rates were estimated at 83.2 legal knobbed whelks per hour per meter of dredge width. Dredges were generally towed parallel to bathymetric contours and adjacent to shoal features in 2–20 m depths. Estimates of the area of bottom dredged on e...
Acid diffusion into the human gastric mucosa.

Summary The back diffusion of hydrogen ion into the normal and abnormal human gastric mucosa was determined by (1) comparing the acid secretion of the stimulated mucosa with and without a glycine buffer solution in the stomach, and (2) measuring hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chloride fluxes following the instillation of an acid solution into the stomach. The glycine buffer detected more acid secretion in almost all patients. The increase seen when comparing the normal with the abnormal gastric mucosa was proportionally similar. It appears that back diffusion from the stomach lumen proper does not occur during active secretion in patients with gastric ulcer, gastritis, and hyposecretion; however, back diffusion could be occurring elsewhere along the secretory pathway. A significant net back diffusion of hydrogen ion into the mucosa was noted following the instillation of an acid solution into the stomach of patients with gastric ulcer, gastritis, or hypochlorhydria. An apparent increase in sodium content in the gastric lumen was likewise found. These changes are similar to those found in experimental damage to the canine stomach. We conclude that an abnormally permeable human gastric mucosa exists and that hydrogen ion diffusion into gastric mucosa occurs and may be injurious to the human stomach.
Effect of Ion Irradiation on α and β Phase Evolution of Sputtered Tantalum Thin Films

Tantalum thin films were deposited by RF (13.56 MHz) magnetron sputtering on silicon and aluminum substrates with ion irradiation (~ 0.3 mA per sqaure cm) controlled by applying different DC bias voltages (0-300 V) to the substrate. The presence of two main crystallographic phases of Ta in deposited films was investigated. Results showed that only the tetragonal â-phase formed in thin Ta films on both Si and Al substrates at zero bias voltage (ion energy ~10 eV), and only bcc α-phase of Ta formed at the ion irradiation energy to 150 eV. Both phases were present at the ion energy of 100 eV. With increase of the ion energy to 250 eV, or higher, â-phase Ta dominated the film structure on Si but not on Al substrate. Ta films were deposited in compressive stress with the lowest stress measured for α-phase Ta films deposited with ion energy of 150 eV. A new set of deposition parameters, significantly different than those previously reported, for low temperature growth Ta films with bcc crystallographic structure, desired for most applications, was found. An advantage of the new deposition parameters is relatively simplicity of the required equipment, which can be easily scaled up for an industrial process.
Gypsy Moth Mixed-Function Oxidases: Gut Enzyme Levels Increased by Rearing on a Wheat Germ Diet

Fifth-instar gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae reared on an artificial wheat germ diet show significantly ( P <0.001) higher mixed-function oxidase (MFO) activity than oak-reared larvae, as measured by gut microsomal NADPH oxidation, reduction of cytochrome c by NADPH-cytochrome- c -reductase, and N -demethylation of N,N -dimethyl- p -nitrophenyl carbamate. Also, diet-reared larvae, unlike oak-reared ones, exhibit a pre-ecdysial depression in MFO activity that parallels the pre-ecdysial cessation of feeding. The elevated MFO activity presumably results from certain inducers present in the artificial diet; these are either absent or occur at low levels in oak leaves. These findings have important implications with respect to comparative insect biochemistry and toxicology; e.g., assessment of MFO levels in different species, MFO induction studies, and insecticide tolerance and metabolism.
Electrical Conductivity of Nickel Nanostrand-Polymer Composites

[Abstract] A microstructure-based model for predicting the effective electrical conductivity of nickel nanostrand reinforced polymer composites is developed by using the Voronoi tessellation technique and the resistor network theory. Voronoi diagrams with different degrees of cell shape irregularity (amplitude a) are generated by perturbing a regular packing of seeds to model the microstructures of nanostrand networks. Ten resistor networks are constructed for each type of nanostrand network samples (with the same value of a) to obtain the mean value and standard deviation of the effective electrical conductivity. Kallmes and Corte’s statistical model is employed to relate the utilized nanostrand volume fraction and the initial nanostrand volume fraction. The simulation results indicate that the effective electrical conductivity, on average, decreases as cell shapes become more irregular. The use of a regular hexagonal lattice can lead to a moderate improvement in the conductivity over that of a completely random network. The values of conductivity predicted by the current model are found to agree fairly well with existing experimental data and predictions based on the Monte Carlo technique. In addition, it is revealed that the polymer nanocomposites behave isotropically in terms of its electrical conductivity.
Buyer Liability under the Robinson-Patman Act: A Current Appraisal:

What is the legal responsibility of buyers who bargain for preferential prices? This article discusses the difficult problem of trying to understand the legal requirements of Section 2 (f) of the Robinson-Patman Act. It attempts to clarify the law by surveying the important court decisions and their meaning for businessmen.
Comparative Immunology. Antibody Response in Dipsosaurus dorsalis at Different Temperatures.

SummaryThe antibody response of the reptile, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, to typhoid vaccine was compared at constant ambient temperatures of 25°, 35° and 40°. Antibody response was poor or non-existent at 25°, good at 35° and moderately good at 40°. Variations in titer were noted among different individuals within a group. When animals immunized at 35° were transferred to 25°, antibody response was inhibited; in the reverse situation, the response was enhanced. Data obtained during this investigation have shown that a member of the phylogenetic class Reptilia can synthesize agglutinating antibodies and that the process can be regulated by varying the ambient temperature.
Imaging the Human Parental Brain

Publisher Summary This chapter presents data on the brain basis of human parental behavior and thoughts. In this chapter, high resolution and noninvasive brain imaging technique of blood-oxygen-dependant functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are used to measure regional brain activity in response to infant auditory, visual, and related stimuli. FMRI assays brain activity by indirectly measuring changes in regional blood oxygenation. The differences between a region's oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, between states of action vs. inaction for instance, provide characteristic magnetic signals localized to millimeters that are detected by scanners positioned around each subject's head. An important caveat throughout the interpretation of parenting fMRI studies, however, is that these brain activity measurements are indirect and represent an integration of instantaneous electrical brain activity over at least seconds. Furthermore, fMRI related blood flow change lags behind synaptic events over 3–6 seconds. Furthermore, experimental design captures brain activity over periods of a few seconds or tens of seconds. On the one hand, short blocks or events may capture briefly held mental states, but miss bigger changes such as sustained emotion, while on the other hand longer blocks may capture more complex brain responses, but also average them out making subtle responses more difficult to detect. Brain activity during these blocks may then be measured and compared between periods of attending to stimuli of interest and control stimuli to generate maps of the brain indicating differences in brain activity that may be important for one set of perceptions and thoughts vs. another.
Tulasnellaceae of Tahiti. A Revision of the Family

(1957). Tulasnellaceae of Tahiti. A Revision of the Family. Mycologia: Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 663-679.
Yoga as an Alternative and Complementary Treatment for Hypertensive Patients A Systematic Review

Hypertension is a worldwide public health concern. It is a risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Pharmacological therapy is the most popular method to control hypertension, but yoga has been id...
Risk and countermeasures on hospital information system

Risks on hospital information system were analyzed in aspects of system and web.Web safety management measures and strategy needs to be continuously improved to deal with the existing hidden risks of information system.Data storage safety,web safety and application safety are the three cores of information safety.It is considered to strengthen these 3 aspects to assure information storage safety and information access safety.The strong integrated management and safety platform can assure information system safety.
Exploring Market Reactions to a High-Quality Auditor and Managerial Preference for Audit Quality

We explore the entry of a high-quality (HQ) auditor, who provides independent and high-quality audits, into existing audit markets. U.S. and EU regulatory bodies have signaled dissatisfaction with audit quality through audit inspection reports as well as proposed and enacted reforms. Our experimental markets explore whether increased quality competition leads to increased audit quality, effort, and managerial demand for audit quality. We find that the addition of an HQ auditor does not increase other auditors’ effort and quality. Instead other auditors reduce their audit effort thereby providing lower quality. It appears that this behavior is a result of differing managerial demand for audit quality, as we find strong evidence that the HQ auditor does not dominate the market, despite investors placing a premium on "High/Agree" reports issued by the HQ auditor. That is, while holding costs constant, managers forego an earnings premium associated with the HQ auditor, suggesting that other forces beyond economic considerations impact the demand for audit quality. Additional analysis suggests loss aversion as a potential explanation; managers appear to forego higher payoffs to receive fewer disagree reports thereby smoothing their earnings. This evidence, along with the price premium for HQ auditor reports, suggests a gap between investors and managers with respect to the value of monitoring. Our findings indicate a need for additional theoretical and empirical investigation to develop a more comprehensive theory of the demand for auditing.
High-performance Al-free diode lasers

Broad area, 100 /spl mu/m-stripe lasers, with Al-free InGaAs-InGaAsP-InGaP active regions operating at a wavelength of 0.98 /spl mu/m (0.81 /spl mu/m), provide high CW powers: 8 W (5 W) and "wallplug" efficiencies: 66 % (45 %). At 0.81 /spl mu/m, the devices are potentially twice as reliable as Al-containing active-layer devices.
Categorizing spatiotemporal aggregates for moving regions

In this paper we systematically explore aggregate operations over moving regions. We propose new aggregate operations and organize the operations according to their spatial, temporal, or spatiotemporal focus.
SKEWNESS AND COSKEWNESS IN BOND RETURNS

Bond skewness and coskewness (i.e., bond return comovement with market volatility) are both time varying, with cross-sectional variation driven by maturity and credit rating. Other things being equal, longer maturity bonds have lower skewness, and lower coskewness with respect to the bond market index; lower quality bonds have lower skewness, and higher coskewness with respect to the bond market index. Three-moment bond alphas (which account for coskewness effects) are time varying and predictable by market default spread. They are significantly different from, and often are closer to zero than, two-moment alphas (which ignore coskewness effects).
A Disability Studies in Education Analysis Using Student and Faculty Perspectives of the Special Education edTPA

This chapter analyzes the special education edTPA handbook through a disability studies perspective. This analysis of the special education edTPA is written by two professors who co-taught a student teaching seminar at one institution and supported its first group of teacher candidates required to submit the edTPA for certification in New York State. Findings show that the edTPA detracted from teacher candidates building competencies that are most essential for competent inclusive educators, that the language and writing of the exam posed difficulties and the edTPA impacted the fieldwork experiences of candidates. We describe these findings and discuss their implications for inclusive and special education as understood through a disability studies perspective.
Primary Care Sports Medicine in the Managed Care Environment

Managed care is giving rise to brief changes in the practice of medicine. These changes can be problematic for physicians who care for athletes on sports teams if team physicians and athletes are not in the same insurance plan. Also, insurance carriers are sometimes unaware of the special needs of athletes. Physicians can function more efficiently in the managed care environment with coping strategies such as joining multiple insurance plans, cultivating referral options, negotiating directly with insurance companies, designating a staff referral specialist, developing sports medicine programs, and allying with other sports medicine physicians.
Reflecting Community Events and Social Interactions through Archived Social Media

Webpages and social media associated with geographic communities reflect local events and social interactions. When we archive and analyze these aggregated data of events and interactions over time, we observe a kind of history of a given period for a geographic area, similar to a collection of local information, newspaper stories and citizen commentary. In our data set, we have syndicated (RSS) feeds of information and news posted on websites and social media of local organizations, including government, as well as tweets, blogs and Facebook posts made by organizations and individuals. This kind of collection has built-in biases, of course, just as local print media and online newsgroups do. Nonetheless, the aggregated content reflects a geographic community of users, comprised of individuals as well as organizations, such as, government agencies, businesses, local voluntary associations and residents. We analyzed our data using the standard Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm and the open source tool NodeXL to identify topics and their changes over time. We also created social graphs based on retweets and @ mentions and quantified exchanges around main topics. Our findings show: 1) distinct topics 2) large and small social interactions around a variety of topics, and 3) patterns suggesting what are called 'community clusters' and 'tight crowd' types of conversations.
Design Patterns Across Software Engineering and Relational Databases.

Specification and design in relational databases largely use a domain-specific design approach (e.g., Entity-Relational Model) different from that used in software engineering. In software engineering, the use of UML (Unified Modeling Language) models, design patterns, and the Unified Process are the primary design and development methodology, especially in modern object-oriented software engineering. The application of generic software engineering design patterns to databases allows issues in logical design and in implementation of databases to be more easily connected with similar concerns in software engineering. It can leverage previous experience with software design, make knowledge from database discipline more immediately relevant with software engineering. In this research, we apply the generic software engineering design patterns to the design and implementation of relational databases.
A Summary: Parallels Between Bosonic and Fermionic Quantization

To summarize much of the material we have covered, it may be useful to consider the following table, which explicitly gives the correspondence between the parallel constructions we have studied in the bosonic and fermionic cases.
Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring the Continuous Crystallization of Carbamazepine

Crystallization has a significant impact on the properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) since it is the final step in the manufacturing of the drug substance and determines particle size distribution, purity, shape, and polymorphs. Many publications have focused on the implementation of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools for monitoring batch and continuous operation; however, a comprehensive method development and validation of Raman spectroscopy to monitor continuous crystallization has not been presented. This work demonstrates the development and validation of a method to monitor the solute concentration of Carbamazepine and quantifies the limit of detection for a metastable polymorphic form. The experiments were based on the cooling crystallization of Carbamazepine to produce the most stable form. The method was validated following the principles described in USP general chapter ⟨1225⟩ validation procedures for analytical methods. The results demonstrate the model can predict t...
Effect of ventricular pacing lead position on tricuspid regurgitation: A randomized prospective trial

Background Pacing lead–related tricuspid regurgitation (TR), a recognized complication of ventricular pacing lead implantation, may be affected by lead position or diameter. Objective This study sought to determine the effect of ventricular pacing lead position and diameter on pacing lead–related TR. Methods A randomized prospective trial compared pacing leads in the right ventricular apex (RVA), right ventricular septum (RVS), or left ventricle via the coronary sinus (LV-CS) in a 1:1:1 fashion. Patients undergoing implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead implantation in the RVA (RVA-ICD) were enrolled in a comparison group. Patients with preexisting moderate or greater TR were excluded. Prospective clinical evaluation, transthoracic echocardiograms, and device interrogation occurred 24 hours and 12 months after device implantation. Results Sixty-three patients undergoing pacemaker implantation were randomized to RVA, RVS, or LV-CS pacing, and 48 RVA-ICD patients were enrolled as a comparison group. At 12 months, 6 patients (6.4%) developed moderate or greater TR. Moderate or greater TR was not significantly different between groups if analyzed by intention to treat (RVA 5.9%, RVS 10.0%, LV-CS 6.7%, and RVA-ICD 4.8%) or if analyzed by final lead location (RVA 4.8%, RVS 10.5%, LV-CS 8.3%, and RVA-ICD 5.1%). Ventricular lead–related complications occurred in 3 patients with right ventricular leads (3.2%) and 2 patients with LV-CS leads (11.1%) (P = .184). Conclusion Neither pacing lead position nor diameter appears to affect TR development significantly. LV-CS leads failed to achieve a statistically significant reduction in TR as compared with right ventricular leads.
A Prediction Tool to Facilitate Risk-Stratified Screening for Squamous Cell Skin Cancer.

Cutaneous squamous cell cancers (cSCCs) present an under-recognized health issue among non-Hispanic whites, one that is likely to increase as populations age. cSCC risks vary considerably among non-Hispanic whites, and this heterogeneity indicates the need for risk-stratified screening strategies that are guided by patients' personal characteristics and clinical histories. Here we describe cSCCscore, a prediction tool that uses patients' covariates and clinical histories to assign them personal probabilities of developing cSCCs within 3 years after risk assessment. cSCCscore uses a statistical model for the occurrence and timing of a patient's cSCCs, whose parameters we estimated using cohort data from 66,995 patients in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California healthcare system. We found that patients' covariates and histories explained approximately 75% of their interpersonal cSCC risk variation. Using cross-validated performance measures, we also found cSCCscore's predictions to be moderately well calibrated to the patients' observed cSCC incidence. Moreover, cSCCscore discriminated well between patients who subsequently did and did not develop a new primary cSCC within 3 years after risk assignment, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of approximately 85%. Thus, cSCCscore can facilitate more informed management of non-Hispanic white patients at cSCC risk. cSCCscore's predictions are available at https://researchapps.github.io/cSCCscore/.
An Ontology of Knowledge

Systematic ontology has often been investigated with respect to its contents but is largely neglected as to its form. The form insures that we shall be confronted with the logical structure of a system expressed in a technical language. Ontological systems are compelled to face difficulties which are peculiar to themselves. Examples of such difficulties are those arising from the all-presumptive claim. The best we can do thus far is to modify the presumption of an ontological system until it extends over all and only those rival systems which currently are in existence. We can enlist in its defense against them whatever evidence can be marshalled in favor of its consistency, completeness and interpretation. Before we can have an ontology, we must describe the kind of world in which knowledge of this sort can occur. There must be some accounting for activity and conflict, for calm recurrences, for the frayed, tag-ends of strivings, and, above all, for the binding forces which hold together these disparate elements. Such an accounting would feature the whole involvement of being known; but then the question can be raised, what species of being is that ?
The effect of ethanol ingestion on killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis by rat neutrophils.

The precise effects of chronic ethanol ingestion on the role of neutrophil function in pneumococcal pneumonia have not been fully delineated. In this study, the bactericidal capacity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) from rats pair-fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet or a liquid control diet was compared both in vitro and in vivo . The PMNL were allowed to phagocytose several bacterial species in vitro , and intracellular killing after 1h was determined by plate counts. There was no significant difference in killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae types 6B or 37. Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis by PMNL from ethanol-fed and pair-fed rats (E-PMNL and P-PMNL, respectively). However, E-PMNL killed significantly less of Streptococcus pneumoniae types 10A, 14 and 19F. To corroborate these results in vivo , rats were infected transtracheally, and quantitative lung counts were performed 1 week post infection. Streptococcus pneumoniae types 6B and 37, as well as Staphylococcus aureus , were effectively cleared from the lungs of both groups of rats. Streptococcus pneumoniae types 10A, 14 and 19F. however, were cleared well from the lungs of pair-fed but not ethanol-fed animals. These data suggest that chronic ethanol ingestion induces a strain-specific deficit in neutrophil bactericidal activity against certain S. pneumoniae which does not extend to commonly encountered staphylococci.
High Resolution Sub-Millimeter Spectroscopy Using Mode-Locked Laser Driven Electro-Optic Antennas

We use a mode-locked laser driven electro-optic antenna as a continuously tunable, high resolution (<1 MHz), high absolute accuracy (1:107) millimeter/sub-millimeter spectroscopic source and to investigate laser phase noise.
Evidence of CF2 Loss from Fluorine-Rich Cluster Anions Generated from Laser Ablation of Graphite Fluoride

A mass spectrometric analysis of the anionic and cationic species generated by laser ablation of graphite fluoride (GF) and graphite targets performed under identical sets of conditions is presented. Under conditions that produce typical Cn– cluster mass distributions from ablation of graphite, the mass spectra of anionic species generated by ablation of GF are congested with overlapping stoichiometric patterns such as CnF2n and CnF(2n–2). Some of the molecular formulas for these clusters, such as C6F6, C6F12, and C7F8, are evocative of stable neutral fluorocarbons. Additionally, the GF-ablation generated mass peaks broaden at higher masses more than the graphite-based counterparts, which may indicate cluster fragmentation. Furthermore, a pattern of fragmentation via loss of CF2 is observed and is reminiscent of previous studies which determined CF2 loss during thermal decomposition. No species were seen in the mass spectra of the cationic species generated from laser ablation of GF, while, under the same...
The Enzymatic Activity of APOBE3G Multimers

APOBEC3G (A3G) belongs to the family of cytosine deaminases that play an important role in the innate immune response. Similar to other, two-domain members of the APOBEC family, A3G is prone to concentration-dependent oligomerization, which is an integral for its function in the cell. It is shown that oligomerization of A3G is related to the packing mechanism into virus particle and, is critical for the so-called roadblock model during reverse transcription of proviral ssDNA. The role of oligomerization for deaminase activity of A3G is widely discussed in the literature; however, its relevance to deaminase activity for different oligomeric forms of A3G remains unclear. Here, using Atomic Force Microscopy, we directly visualized A3G-ssDNA complexes, determined their yield and stoichiometry and in parallel, using PCR assay, measured the deaminase activity of these complexes. Our data demonstrate a direct correlation between the total yield of A3G-ssDNA complexes and their total deaminase activity. Using these data, we calculated the relative deaminase activity for each individual oligomeric state of A3G in the complex. Our results show not only similar deaminase activity for monomer, dimer and tetramer of A3G in the complex, but indicate that larger oligomers of A3G retain their deaminase activity.
Politics of Repatriation: Formalizing Indigenous Repatriation Policy

This article will show how institutions and cultural values mediate changes in the governance of repatriation policy. By examining ownership paradigms and institutional power structures and analyzing the changing discourses before and after the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, it is possible to understand the ramifications of formalizing repatriation. The current binary of cultural property nationalism/cultural property internationalism in relation to Indigenous ownership claims does not represent the full scope of the conflict for Indigenous people within the Western legal interpretations of property ownership. Inclusion of a cultural property indigenism component into the established cultural property nationalism/internationalism ownership paradigm will more accurately represent Indigenous concerns for cultural property. Looking at the rules, norms, and strategies of national and international laws and museum institutions, this article will argue that there are consequences to repatriation claims that go beyond the possession of property and that a formalized process (or semi-formalized approach) can aid in addressing Indigenous rights.
Respiratory Illness Associated With Emergent Human Adenovirus Genome Type 7d, New Jersey, 2016-2017.

Background Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are known causes of respiratory illness outbreaks in congregate settings, but cases and clusters are less well described from community settings in the United States. During December 2016-February 2017, the New Jersey Department of Health received reports of HAdV infections from 3 sources in 3 adjacent counties. We investigated to characterize the epidemiologic, laboratory, and clinical features of this HAdV outbreak. Methods A case was defined as a New Jersey resident with acute respiratory illness during December 1, 2016-March 31, 2017 with laboratory identification of HAdV genome type 7d (HAdV-7d). Human adenovirus was detected by real-time and conventional polymerase chain reaction and molecular typed by partial hexon capsid protein gene sequencing. The HAdV genome type was identified by whole genome sequencing analysis. Available medical, public health, and surveillance records were reviewed. Results We identified 12 cases, including 3 treatment facility patients, 7 college students, and 2 cases at a tertiary-care hospital. Four cases died; all had underlying comorbidities. Nine HAdV-7d whole genome sequences obtained from all 3 sites were nearly identical. Conclusions Transmission of HAdV-7d occurred in community and congregate settings across 3 counties and resulted in severe morbidity and mortality in some cases with underlying comorbidities. Clinicians and local and state health departments should consider HAdV in patients with severe respiratory infection.
Assessment of Tissue Boundary Delineation Using Fundamental and Harmonic ADMIRE and SLSC for Percutaneous Biopsy Guidance

Ultrasound is used extensively for percutaneous biopsy guidance. However, conventional ultrasound images are often too poor to provide well-delineated tissue boundaries. To improve the quality of images, numerous beamforming methods have been developed. Our group has developed one such method, which is a model-based beamforming called ADMIRE, while a spatial coherence beamforming technique, referred to as SLSC, was demonstrated by others. Because both methods possess a robust ability to mitigate acoustic clutter, we assessed whether ADMIRE and SLSC provide better delineation of boundaries. We acquired in vivo kidney data from six patients undergoing biopsy and cryoablation using a Siemens SC2000. We then quantified the sharpness of edges at the kidney boundaries axially and laterally. We fit sigmoid functions to estimate the transition length (i.e., τ) at the boundary of the kidney. The axial/lateral values of τ using DAS, ADMIRE and SLSC were 2.09 ± 1.19/1.49 ± 0.48 mm, 0.32 ± 0.36/0.55 ± 0.16 mm, 1.75 ± 1.05/1.51 ± 0.80 mm, respectively. The axial/lateral values of τ for harmonic imaging when using DAS, ADMIRE and SLSC were 1.24 ± 0.57/0.88 ± 0.44 mm, 0.24 ± 0.07/0.28 ± 0.15 mm, 0.71 ± 0.77/0.88 ± 1.07 mm, respectively. These findings demonstrate that ADMIRE provided better tissue boundary delineation compared to standard B-mode and SLSC imaging.
Fertilization: Conventional IVF versus ICSI

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was developed in humans in the early 1990s as a mechanism to overcome complete fertilization failure due to severe male factor infertility. ICSI can be used with motile, nonmotile, ejaculated, or surgically retrieved testicular sperm to produce a viable embryo resulting in live birth. As the safety and efficacy of ICSI were demonstrated, its use became more widespread. ICSI has been applied to other infertility-related issues such as unexplained infertility, use with frozen gametes, serodiscordant couples, and patients with diminished ovarian reserve and/or advanced reproductive age, in addition to male factor infertility. While, in general, ICSI use may not show a major disadvantage over conventional insemination, the insemination method should be a carefully considered option based on individual patient needs.
Quantifying Interactions between Neural Populations during Behavior using Dynamical Systems Models

There has been a recent surge of dynamical systems models (DSMs) constructed from brain activity to investigate how neural firing patterns evolve over time, and how such patterns in turn generate measured behavior. An advantage with DSMs are their ability to accurately reconstruct neural patterns and behavior simultaneously, capturing variability in data due to different tasks. In this paper, we demonstrate how to use a general DSM beyond reconstruction. In particular, we show that the general DSM can also be used to (i) quantify which states, i.e. which neural regions drive the dynamics of the observed neural activity throughout behavior, and (ii) whether interactions between populations are primarily within the same brain region (intra) or across brain regions (inter). We first begin with an intuitive dynamical system example - a coupled two-mass spring system, and then perform the same analyses for a DSM estimated from neural data collected from a nonhuman primate executing a reach-to-grasp motor task. These examples show that DSM is a modeling approach that not only can accurately reconstruct observed neural and behavioral activities, but can predict important dynamical neural drivers as well as interactions between different neural populations that cannot be gleaned from data alone.
The Politics of Inclusion and Exclusion: Puerto Rico, Colonialism and Citizenship

Spanish colonial negligence and US colonial indifference contributed to make the San Ciriaco hurricane a catastrophe without precedent at the end of the nineteenth century. The recent humanitarian crisis caused by Hurricane Maria in 2017 reveals that Puerto Rico has remained in a precarious situation ever since the San Ciriaco hit a hundred and twenty years ago. Even though Puerto Rico is not the same island, the essence of its political and economic foundations has changed very little. The result is a constant crisis mode, an archipelago stuck in the past, trapped on the darker side of the modern and colonial paradigm. Unable to resist violence and trauma caused by military dominance, economic domination, racial hierarchy, and cultural arrogance for more than a century, Puerto Rico faces the crisis caused by unstoppable behemoths of nature and the ongoing consequences from the exploitative effects of US colonial politics. It is in this context that this article discusses key dynamics of inclusion and exclusion and examines how political and economic policies between the two hurricanes expose the replication of practices that perpetuate a crisis mode in the Caribbean island. // La negligencia colonial por parte de Espana y la indiferencia colonial por parte de los Estados Unidos contribuyeron a que el huracan de San Ciriaco a fines del siglo diecinueve se convirtiera en una catastrofe sin precedentes. La reciente crisis humanitaria creada por el huracan Maria en 2017 revela que Puerto Rico ha permanecido en una situacion precaria desde el desastre en San Ciriaco hace ciento veinte anos. Puerto Rico no es la misma isla de antes, pero la esencia de sus fundaciones politicas y economicas ha cambiado muy poco. El resultado es un estado constante de crisis en un archipielago anclado en el pasado, atrapado en el lado mas oscuro del paradigma colonial moderno. Incapaz de resistir la violencia y el trauma como consecuencia del dominio militar, el dominio economico, la jerarquia racial y la arrogancia cultural durante mas de un siglo, Puerto Rico enfrenta la crisis causada por los imparables monstruos de la naturaleza y los efectos explotadores de la politica colonial estadounidense. En este contexto presentamos las dinamicas clave de inclusion y exclusion y el analisis de como las normas politicas y economicas vigentes entre los dos huracanes revelan la repeticion de practicas que perpetuan el estado de crisis en la isla caribena.
Power Spectrum Optimization for Capacity of the Extended Spectrum Hybrid Fiber Coax Network

Capacity requirements of the fixed access network keep increasing towards multi-gigabit connections. For Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) networks, aggregated rates around 30 Gbit/s can be achieved by increasing the DOCSIS spectrum to 3GHz, assuming a spectral efficiency around 10 bit/s/Hz. Replacement of spectrum limiting components such as passive taps in the HFC network is an efficient way to achieve these data rates, compared with the cost of fiber to the home (FTTH). Transmit amplifier distortion is a major issue in the extended spectrum in addition to the high spread of attenuation between low and high frequencies. Existing spectrum allocation strategies are no longer applicable. This work presents a new method of spectrum optimization for the coax channel up to 3GHz, taking transmitter distortion into account in the optimization.
Aluminum-powered climate change resiliency: From aluminum debris to electricity and clean water

Abstract This paper presents a novel ecosystem for converting aluminum debris from a natural disaster to a stable water-reactive fuel that can be used to generate electricity and power emergency desalination. Bulk aluminum can be made water-reactive via a minimal surface treatment of gallium and indium, which works to passivate the oxide layer that would otherwise inhibit the reaction. With this oxide layer disrupted, the underlying bulk aluminum is able to react exothermically with water to produce hydrogen gas and aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlO(OH)) at high levels of reaction completion (>95%). The gallium and indium, which are not consumed in the initial reaction, can be recycled to produce more fuel. Several systems for converting the hydrogen product of this reaction to electricity are reviewed here, as well as a device capable of desalinating seawater using the thermal energy released in the aluminum-water reaction to drive a reverse osmosis process. Finally, a new economics analysis of the value of the electricity, water, and AlO(OH) outputs of this system was performed for 10 different countries and territories. In each case this value is shown to outweigh the scrap price of aluminum by up to 600%, providing added economic incentive for utilizing this aluminum treatment process as a means of post-disaster cleanup and subsequent disaster preparedness.
The potential for immune checkpoint modulators in cerebrovascular injury and inflammation.

Introduction: Neuroinflammation has been linked to poor neurologic and functional outcomes in many cerebrovascular disorders. Immune checkpoints are upregulated in the setting of traumatic brain in...
Modeling Dissociation of Ionic Liquids with Electrolyte NRTL Model

Abstract Dissociation of ionic liquids (ILs) is critical to electrochemical process performance by affecting ionic conductivity. Prior studies of thermodynamic modeling either assumed no dissociation or complete dissociation that were not consistent with experimental observations. This work presented an eNRTL model for three aqueous imidazolium-based IL systems: [Emim][EtSO4], [Emim][TFA], and [Emim][TfO]. The model accurately correlates the IL dissociation and VLE data in the entire concentration range from pure IL to infinite dilution aqueous solution. The system non-ideality is dominated by the dissociation chemistry. Dissociation behavior is driven by strong short-range interaction of the molecular IL-water pair relative to the dissociated IL-water pair, consistent with prior studies indicating that molecular IL and water can form an energetically favorable complex. The interaction energy parameters calculated in this work qualitatively agrees with the hydrogen bonding ability of the anions previously reported. This work not only provides a model that well describes the IL dissociation but also demonstrates the physical significance of eNRTL model.
Interdependency of influential parameters in therapeutic nanomedicine

Introduction:Current challenges to successful clinical translation of therapeutic nanomedicine have discouraged many stakeholders, including patients. Significant effort has been devoted to uncover...
Technical Analysis and Liquidity Provision

The apparent conflict between the level of resources dedicated to technical analysis by practitioners and academic theories of market efficiency is a long-standing puzzle. We explore a previously unexamined feature of technical analysis -- namely its relation to liquidity provision. We demonstrate that support and resistance levels coincide with peaks in depth on the limit order book and moving average forecasts reveal information about the relative position of depth on the book. Furthermore, we show that these relationships stem from technical rules locating depth already in place on the limit order book. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
Autonomous Spacecraft Orbit Determination from Incident Light Intensity via Eclipse Transient Timing

Autonomous orbit determination methods requiring minimal hardware, computational power, and external reference are desirable for small, low-cost spacecraft, or as a backup on larger craft. This pap...
Agricultural Economy and ML Models

The chapter starts with the introduction of global agriculture landscape and farm size economy across the world. Next, it introduces agricultural economics and influence of macrolevel economic indicators on the local agriculture. Next, study of econometrics-related agricultural models is introduced. Finally, it concludes with the challenges that agriculture faces, especially for small-scale farmers and the role of machine learning in addressing such challenges, as well as the opportunities machine learning provides to improve the future of small-scale farming.
Use of heavy metals in swine feed and its association with the co-selection of metal tolerant and multi-drug resistant Salmonella

This study was conducted to characterize the role of chemical interventions, biocides and heavy metal micronutrients, in particular, in swine production systems on the emergence of heavy metal and biocide tolerant Salmonella and its association with antimicrobial resistance. A total of 353 Salmonella isolates with different antimicrobial resistance profiles identified from 36 barns exposed to three different classes of biocides were analyzed. The sources of isolates included feed (n=30), fecal (n=226), and environment (n=97) samples that were systematically selected. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of each isolate against heavy metals copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) was determined on Mueller-Hinton-II (MH) agar plates containing serial dilutions of copper sulfate (1-32mM) and zinc chloride (0.25-16mM). A non-parametric Wilcoxon Rank Sum test for trends across ordered groups (Stata 10, College Station, TX) was used to determine association between concentration of metal in feed and MIC. The most common MDR patterns among the more heavy metal tolerant isolates were AmClStSuTe (n=81) and AmStTeKm (n=58), which are common multi-drug resistance patterns found in swine production systems. There was a significant association between the concentration of copper in feed and the MIC of isolates recovered from fecal samples for copper (p<0.001). Heavy metal tolerance was also significantly associated with distinct multi-drug resistance types. The odds of finding high Zinc MIC were 15 times higher for the AmClStSuTe R-type than AmStTeKm (Chi-square= 47.2; p<0.05). On the other hand, the odds ratio for association between copper tolerance and R-type AmStTeKm was 4.6 (Chi-square=17.9; P<0.05). No association between biocide use and heavy metal tolerance was detected in this study. Unique genes that encode for tolerance to copper and zinc and physical linkage to antibiotic resistance determinants are being investigated. The findings in this study suggest that the use of copper in swine feed results in higher tolerance of Salmonella strains to copper which in turn co-selects for antimicrobial resistance.
Manned Mars mission astronomy options

Astronomical observations during the transit phase, in orbit about Mars, and from the surface present important scientific objectives. Primary astronomical objectives are being summarized by J. Burns (University of New Mexico). Additional or alternative options will be introduced here, together with their strengths, weaknesses, viability, and value. It is important to note at the outset that not all possible options are necessarily important or viable.