cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Baseline and annual repeat rounds of screening: implications for optimal regimens of screening.

Differences in results of baseline and subsequent annual repeat rounds provide important information for optimising the regimen of screening. A prospective cohort study of 65,374 was reviewed to examine the frequency/percentages of the largest noncalcified nodule (NCN), lung cancer cell types and Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival rates, separately for baseline and annual rounds. Of 65,374 baseline screenings, NCNs were identified in 28,279 (43.3%); lung cancer in 737 (1.1%). Of 74,482 annual repeat screenings, new NCNs were identified in 4959 (7%); lung cancer in 179 (0.24%). Only adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in subsolid NCNs. Percentages of lung cancers by cell type were significantly different (p < 0.0001) in the baseline round compared with annual rounds, reflecting length bias, as were the ratios, reflecting lead times. Long-term K-M survival rate was 100% for typical carcinoids and for adenocarcinomas manifesting as subsolid NCNs; 85% (95% CI 81–89%) for adenocarcinoma, 74% (95% CI 63–85%) for squamous cell, 48% (95% CI 34–62%) for small cell. The rank ordering by lead time was the same as the rank ordering by survival rates. The significant differences in the frequency of NCNs and frequency and aggressiveness of diagnosed cancers in baseline and annual repeat need to be recognised for an optimal regimen of screening. • Lung cancer aggressiveness varies considerably by cell type and nodule consistency. • Kaplan–Meier survival rates varied by cell type between 100% and 48%. • The percentages of lung cancers by cell type in screening rounds reflect screening biases. • Rank ordering by cell type survival is consistent with that by lead times. • Empirical evidence provides critical information for the regimen of screening.
Religion and U.S. Culture

After reviewing the history of the interplay between religion and culture in the U.S., this article explores important facets of contemporary American society that color the experience and meaning of religious faith. Among these are excessive individualism, a heightened awareness of the need for personal integrity, and the desire for personal religious experience. While religion is often treated as a “classroom pariah” at universities, the author argues that there are numerous possibilities for a more full integration of religion into university life and overall American culture.
The Brief, Tumultuous History of “Big Democracy” in China’s Factories:

This article compares two fateful experiments conducted during the Mao era in China that encouraged freewheeling criticism of Communist cadres: the 1957 Party Rectification campaign and the early u...
Upregulated ATM Gene Expression and Activated DNA Crosslink-Induced Damage Response Checkpoint in Fanconi Anemia: Implications for Carcinogenesis

Fanconi anemia (FA) predisposes to hematopoietic failure, birth defects, leukemia, and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) and cervix. The FA/BRCA pathway includes 8 members of a core complex and 5 downstream gene products closely linked with BRCA1 or BRCA2. Precancerous lesions are believed to trigger the DNA damage response (DDR), and we focused on the DDR in FA and its putative role as a checkpoint barrier to cancer. In primary fibroblasts with mutations in the core complex FANCA protein, we discovered that basal expression and phosphorylation of ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and p53 induced by irradiation (IR) or mitomycin C (MMC) were upregulated. This heightened response appeared to be due to increased basal levels of ATM in cultured FANCA-mutant cells, highlighting the new observation that ATM can be regulated at the transcriptional level in addition to its well-established activation by autophosphorylation. Functional analysis of this response using γ-H2AX foci as markers of DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) demonstrated abnormal persistence of only MMC- and not IR-induced foci. Thus, we describe a processing defect that leads to general DDR upregulation but specific persistence of DNA crosslinker-induced damage response foci. Underscoring the significance of these findings, we found resistance to DNA crosslinker-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a TP53-mutant, patient-derived HNSCC cell line, whereas a lymphoblastoid cell line derived from this same individual was not mutated at TP53 and retained DNA crosslinker sensitivity. Our results suggest that cancer in FA may arise from selection for cells that escape from a chronically activated DDR checkpoint.
Visual Experience: Sensation, Cognition, and Constancy

Introduction: Visual Experience COGNITIVE AND PHENOMENAL FACTORS IN SPATIAL PERCEPTION 1. Judging the Size of a Distant Object: Strategy Use by Children and Adults 2. Phenomenal and Cognitive Factors in Spatial Perception 3. Sensory and Cognitive Explanations for a Century of Size Constancy Research 4. Constant Enough: On the Kinds of Perceptual Constancy Worth Having HISTORICAL AND CONCEPTUAL ISSUES 5. Objective and Subjective Sides of Perception 6. A Mechanistic Perspective on the "Given" 7. Spatial Organization and the Appearances Thereof in Early Vision 8. Computation and the Ambiguity of Perception COLOR CONSTANCY: MEMORY, COMPUTATION, AND INFERENCE 9. High-Level Perceptual Influences on Color Appearance 10. Constancy, Content, and Inference 11. Approaching Color with Bayesian Algorithms Epilogue: Advances and Open Questions
Phases of Couples Group Therapy: A Consideration of Therapeutic Action

This paper presents a description of and perspective on the evolution of couples group. It proposes that each of the three phases is created by a specific therapeutic stance that is helpful in managing dyadic relationships in groups. Issues particular to couples group will be discussed. These issues occur in couples groups due to the presence of a partner and include the establishment of trust, each couple's allocation of blame, and expression of sexuality. These points are illustrated with clinical vignettes from an ongoing open-ended group.
The Politics of Growth

This chapter offers a new way of framing American politics, emphasizing a political and economic set of terms that create a less divided, and ultimately more practical, approach toward solving the crisis of American middle class decline.
A smoother based on nonoverlapping domain decomposition methods for H(div) problems: A numerical study

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a V-cycle multigrid method for vector field problems discretized by the lowest order Raviart-Thomas hexahedral element. Our method is connected with a smoother based on a nonoverlapping domain decomposition method. We present numerical experiments to show the effectiveness of our method.
Whatever it takes: Attitude alignment in close relationships following third‐party rejection

Individuals seek to affirm their belonging in many ways, but will they change even strongly held attitudes to do so? Attitude alignment is one mechanism by which individuals maintain ongoing relationships. We tested whether individuals would engage in greater attitude alignment (shifting their attitudes to match a romantic partner's attitudes) following rejection. Participants (N = 190) and their dating partners reported their attitudes about 51 social issues and received feedback that a third party (confederate) did or did not reject them. Dating partners then discussed two disagreed-upon social issues: One issue was peripheral to self and central to partner (PC) and one issue central to self and peripheral to partner (CP). Participants completed a post-discussion attitude measure. In the absence of rejection, individuals engaged in greater attitude alignment for PC than CP issues; following rejection, they engaged in similarly high levels of attitude alignment for both issue types. Rejected (vs. not rejected) individuals also engaged in greater attitude alignment for CP issues. Rejection led individuals to change centrally held attitudes typically more resistant to change, arguably to enhance their sense of belonging in a valued relationship.
Lots Wife, Cary Grant, and the American Dream

AbstractThis paper explores two dimensions of experience common to all immigrants, whether they have chosen to emigrate or external circumstances have forced the choice on them: the loss of contextual continuity and the consequences of being an outsider in the new culture. Drawing on the contemporary literature on multiple discontinuous self-states, it is proposed that for many immigrants dissociated aspects of self-experience symbolize their original culture. Whether these dissociated states are idealized and felt to be unattainable in the new culture, or denigrated and warded off in a bid to make new connections, if they are not made conscious, examined, mourned over, and reintegrated, the immigrant will experience herself like Lot's wife, turned into a pillar of salt, her gaze fixed forever on the lost world. Or alternatively, in cutting herself off from a despised world from which she fled, she will also cut herself off from valuable aspects of self-experience inadvertently discarded in the act of imm...
Outcomes of pediatric oncology and hematopoietic cell transplant patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Background/objectives:There is controversy regarding the utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pediatric patients with an underlying oncologic diagnosis or who have undergone hemato...
Keeping Christ at the Core of the Curriculum: Reflections on Wheaton College's General Education Reform:

While curricular revisions often generate controversy or disagreement, successful revisions are possible through collaborative efforts, the articulation of shared mission, and the pursuit of increm...
Capsid-CPSF6 interaction: Master regulator of nuclear HIV-1 positioning and integration

HIV-1 integration favors active chromatin, which is primarily mediated through interactions between the viral capsid and integrase proteins with host factors cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 6 (CPSF6) and lens epithelium-derived growth factor/p75, respectively. Previously published image-based studies had suggested that HIV-1 prefers to integrate into chromatin that associates spatially with the nuclear periphery. Here, we re-evaluated previously reported HIV-1 nuclear distance measures across studies and show that HIV-1 prefers peri-nuclear and mid-nuclear zones similarly, with a common preference between studies mapping to the boundary between these two radial areas. We also discuss emerging roles for the capsid-CPSF6 interaction in facilitating HIV-1 pre-integration complex nuclear import and subsequent intranuclear trafficking to preferred sites of viral DNA integration.
Novel Direct Injection Chairside Buffering Technique for Local Anesthetic Use in Dentistry

Background Alkalinization or buffering of dental local anesthetics to raise the pH of these acidic solutions is a well-documented technique that results in clinical benefits such as decreased injection pain, reduced onset time, and the need for less overall volume of local anesthesia. Objective In a previous study, two options available for buffering local anesthetics in dentistry were compared, one using the Onpharma® mixing system (Onpharma), and the other by hand mixing with 8.4% sodium bicarbonate using a "remove and replace" technique. The results of that study showed no statistically significant difference in buffering outcomes between the two methods. This follow-up in vitro study introduces and examines a less complex, direct injection, chairside hand-mixing approach using four commercially available dental local anesthetic preparations. Materials and methods The authors prepared multiple buffered samples of four different commercially available local anesthetic solutions. The buffered samples were mixed to 9:1, 19:1, and 18:1 ratios (local anesthetic to 8.4% sodium bicarbonate). Sample pH was recorded using a pH meter. Two samples of each local anesthetic at each ratio were prepared and sequentially pH tested. The pH was recorded via the same pH meter, which was cleaned between each test. Results The pH change between unbuffered solutions and all buffered samples was statistically different (P .01); however, a statistical difference was seen between the final pHs of the solutions resulting from the 9:1 and 18:1 buffering ratios (P = .006, CI 99%). After correction for multiple comparisons, the difference between the 9:1 and 18:1 ratio was marginally significant (P = .048). Conclusions Each of the buffering ratios tested can be used to alkalinize dental local anesthetic solutions. For practical purposes, a direct injection chairside of 0.1 mL of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate into any of the four local anesthetics tested is easy, simple, and safe compared to the more complex remove and replace method. Further studies are needed to evaluate if a clinically significant difference exists between the 9:1, 19:1, and 18:1 ratio solutions. Clinical implications The potential benefits of buffering local anesthetic solutions prior to injection, such as decreased injection pain, faster onset, and greater depth of anesthesia, may be particularly advantageous in patients who have difficulty achieving profound anesthesia for clinical dentistry, and for anesthetizing infected areas. Dentists can effectively buffer local anesthetic preparations using commercially available mixing systems or by utilizing a hand-mixing technique. Rather than using a remove and replace technique, practitioners may consider a direct injection technique, adding 0.1 mL of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate directly into any local anesthetic cartridge regardless of local anesthetic concentration.
Legal Issues: Persistent Cookies and the Government

In 2000 the Clinton Administration implemented a policy of restricting the use of persistent cookies by federal agencies. Under that policy, which was confirmed in 2002 by the Bush Administration, agencies could not use persistent cookies or other Web tracking technologies absent a “compelling need” and only with the approval of the agency head. Agencies could still use session cookies to track users in a single browser session, but could not track activities through multiple agencies and cookies would disappear after the user shuts down the browser.Recently, however, the Obama Administration is “considering options” to change this policy and allow Web tracking technologies, including persistent cookies, to be used by Federal Agencies. In late July, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) indicated that they are considering a new, three-tiered approach to the use of Web tracking technologies.
Licence restrictions: A fool's errand.

Objections to the Creative Commons attribution licence are straw men raised by parties who want open access to be as closed as possible, warns John Wilbanks.
Transfer and generalization of learned manipulation between unimanual and bimanual tasks

Successful object manipulation, such as preventing object roll, relies on the modulation of forces and centers of pressure (point of application of digits on each grasp surface) prior to lift onset to generate a compensatory torque. Whether or not generalization of learned manipulation can occur after adding or removing effectors is not known. We examined this by recruiting participants to perform lifts in unimanual and bimanual grasps and analyzed results before and after transfer. Our results show partial generalization of learned manipulation occurred when switching from a (1) unimanual to bimanual grasp regardless of object center of mass, and (2) bimanual to unimanual grasp when the center of mass was on the thumb side. Partial generalization was driven by the modulation of effectors' center of pressure, in the appropriate direction but of insufficient magnitude, while load forces did not contribute to torque generation after transfer. In addition, we show that the combination of effector forces and centers of pressure in the generation of compensatory torque differ between unimanual and bimanual grasping. These findings highlight that (1) high-level representations of learned manipulation enable only partial learning transfer when adding or removing effectors, and (2) such partial generalization is mainly driven by modulation of effectors' center of pressure.
The relationship between school disciplinary resolutions with school climate and attitudes toward school

Studies suggest that out-of-school suspensions (OSS) are negatively associated with student perceptions of school climate and attitudes toward school. However, this relationship has not been consid...
Multicomponent superfluidity in two-color QCD at finite density at next-to-leading order

In this paper, we study two-color, two-flavor QCD using chiral perturbation theory at next-to-leading order when the diquark chemical potential ( $$\mu _{\mathrm{B}}$$ ) is equal to the isospin chemical potential ( $$\mu _{\mathrm{I}}$$ ). For chemical potentials larger than the physical pion mass, the system is in a multicomponent superfluid phase with both pions and diquarks. We construct the one-loop effective potential using $$\chi $$ PT in the presence of an external multicomponent superfluid source and use the effective potential to calculate the chiral condensate, the multicomponent superfluid condensate and the (multicomponent) superfluid density. We also find the critical chemical potential and the order of the phase transition from the normal phase to the multicomponent condensed phase at next-to-leading order. The phase transition remains second order (as at tree level), and the critical chemical potential is equal to the one-loop renormalized diquark (or pion) mass.
Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Related to the Inclusion of Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities in Electronic Health Record Research: Scoping Review.

Background: Data from electronic health records (EHRs) are increasingly used in the field of genetic research to further precision medicine initiatives. However, many of these efforts exclude individuals with intellectual disabilities, which often stem from genetic conditions. To include this important subpopulation in EHR research, important ethical, legal, and social issues should be considered. Objective: The goal of this study was to review prior research to better understand what ethical, legal, and social issues may need further investigation when considering the research use of EHRs for individuals with genetic conditions that may result in intellectual disability. This information will be valuable in developing methods and best practices for involving this group in research given they are considered a vulnerable population that may need special research protections. Methods: We conducted a scoping review to examine issues related to the use of EHRs for research purposes and those more broadly associated with genetic research. The initial search yielded a total of 460 unique citations. We used an evaluative coding process to determine relevancy for inclusion. Results: This approach resulted in 59 articles in the following areas: informed consent, privacy and security, return of results, and vulnerable populations. The review included several models of garnering informed consent in EHR or genetic research, including tiered or categorical, blanket or general, open, and opt-out models. Second, studies reported on patients’ concerns regarding the privacy and security of EHR or genetic data, such as who has access, type of data use in research, identifiability, and risks associated with privacy breach. The literature on return of research results using biospecimens examined the dissension in the field, particularly when sharing individualized genetic results. Finally, work involving vulnerable populations highlighted special considerations when conducting EHR or genetic research. Conclusions: The results frame important questions for researchers to consider when designing EHR studies, which include individuals with intellectual disabilities, including appropriate safeguards and protections.
MAPark: A Multi-Agent Auction-Based Parking System in Internet of Things

By exploiting the ubiquitous nature of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in smart cities, we propose a Multi-Agent Auction-based Parking (MAPark) system for drivers as well as public and private Parking Facility Providers (PFP). In order to improve parking space allocation, the new idea in this paper is to incorporate parking auction with highly influential factors such as type of customer and parking, drivers’ and PFP’s preferences. MAPark leverages real-time demand-based pricing of parking spots, thus charging demand-based price to drivers while providing higher revenue to PFPs. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of parking auction through sophisticated software agents that are capable of quickly and seamlessly performing tasks such as parking lookup, negotiation, pricing, and reservation. Simulation results show that the proposed scalable and interactive agents of MAPark enables efficient processing of a vast amount of data, providing cost savings in terms of time and fuel for drivers looking for parking, ultimately lowering traffic congestion, and improving usability of public and private parking facilities.
Flash Freeze Flow Tube to Vitrify Aerosol Particles at Fixed Relative Humidity Values.

Development of methods to measure the phase transitions and physical properties of submicron atmospheric aerosol particles is needed to better model these systems. In this paper, we present a metho...
Chikungunya and Epidemic Disease in the Indian Ocean World

Twenty-five years ago, David Arnold (1991) published a pioneering article on the medical history of the Indian Ocean. In his wide-ranging essay, he emphasized the impact of European intrusion into the Indian Ocean world (IOW) after 1500, noting especially that “the emergence of India as the lynch pin of British power and trade in the East was of great epidemiological significance for the rest of the region and indeed the wider world beyond” (ibid., 7). Arnold particularly acknowledged the importance of maritime movement, whether by traders, soldiers, pilgrims or migrant labourers, as a central element in disease dispersion—what he called “epidemiological routes and conjunctures”—during the post-contact period (ibid., 9). More recently, Amina Issa (2006) has built on Arnold’s essay by arguing for the significance of indigenous sailing ships and the diffusion of epidemic disease in Indian Ocean ports in the nineteenth century before the advent of steamships. In this chapter, I propose to jump forward in time to the contemporary period by examining the chikungunya epidemic that swept across the IOW in the first decade of the twenty-first century, and to ask whether it is possible to apply what we have learned from studying the origins and spread of this disease to improving our understanding of earlier epidemic diseases in the IOW.
Using Mobile Phones for High-Frequency Data Collection

The 'Listening to Latin America and the Caribbean' ('Listening to LAC' or 'L2L') project was motivated by the financial crisis of 2008, when policy makers in the region asked the World Bank how the crisis would affect their efforts to reduce poverty and what policy responses they could design to mitigate those impacts. Unfortunately, little data existed to answer this question, as poverty data is collected infrequently. The L2L project aimed to answer this key question: Can we use cellular phone communication technology to reduce the time and cost of collecting household survey data from a probabilistic sample without compromising data quality? This paper presents the results of two pilots of this mode of data collection in Peru and Honduras that allowed us to test this question empirically. The results suggest that using mobile phones for short and frequent surveys can produce high-quality data more quickly – and more cheaply on a per survey basis – than traditional methods, and can be a valuable complement to less frequent, more comprehensive, more expensive household surveys. But, in order for mobile data to produce timely information for policy decisions, the system for mobile surveys must be in place before the crisis starts. In other words, the L2L model cannot be launched after the onset of a crisis. This is because: (i) in order to ensure statistical representativeness, an appropriate sample must be drawn; (ii) it takes some time to recruit the panel; and (iii) an initial face-to-face interview is needed to collect data on the socio-economic characteristics of each household, which cannot be doneby mobile phones due to the large number of questions. In addition, severalimplementation issues explained in this report need to be addressed ahead oftime. For this reason it is not possible to initiate the program of data collectionimmediately after the onset of a crisis and obtain relevant data quickly.Therefore, the most desirable use of the L2L model of mobile surveys may beas a complement to on-going national surveys which collect mobile phonenumbers of household members.
E-156 Brainomix easpects software improves interobserver agreement and accuracy of neurologist and neuroradiologists in interpretation of aspects score and outperforms human readers in prediction of final infarct

Introduction There has been increased interest in the use of artificial intelligence based software packages in the evaluation of neuroimaging for patients with acute ischemic stroke. We performed an inter-rater agreement and accuracy study to determine if the use of the Brainomix eASPECTS software improved interobserver agreement and accuracy in detecting ASPECTS regions affected in anterior circulation LVO. Methods We included 60 consecutive patients with anterior circulation LVO who had TICI 3 revascularization within 60 minutes of their baseline CT. A total of 16 readers; 6 senior neuroradiologists, 6 junior neuroradiologists and 4 vascular neurologists participated. Readers interpreted CT scans on an independent workstation and assessed final ASPECTS score and evaluated whether each individual ASPECTS region was affected. Two months later, the readers again evaluated the CT scans, but with the assistance of eASPECTS software. We assessed interclass correlation coefficient for total ASPECTS and interobserver agreement with Fleiss’ Kappa for each ASPECTS region with and without assistance of the eASPECTS software. We also assessed accuracy for the readers with and without eASPECTS software assistance. In our assessment of accuracy, ground truth was the 24 hour CT in this cohort of patients who had prompt and complete revascularization as determined by two neuroradiologists. Results Interclass correlation coefficient for total ASPECTS without eASPECTS assistance was 0.395 indicating fair agreement compared to 0.574 with eASPECTS assistance indicating good agreement (P Conclusions The use of Brainomix eASPECTS software result in significant improvements in the inter-rater agreement and accuracy of ASPECTS score evaluation in a large group of neuroradiologists and neurologists. Interestingly, the eASPECTS software was more predictive of final infarct/ASPECTS than the overall group of readers interpreting the CT scans with and without eASPECTS assistance. Disclosures W. Brinjikji: None. J. Benson: None. N. Campeau: None. C. Carr: None. P. Cogswell: None. J. Klaas: None. G. Liebo: None. J. Little: None. P. Luetmer: None. S. Messina: None. A. Nagelschneider: None. K. Schwartz: None. C. Wood: None. D. Nasr: None. S. Braksick: None. D. Kallmes: None.
Fraction-variant beam orientation optimization for non-coplanar IMRT

Conventional beam orientation optimization (BOO) algorithms for IMRT assume that the same set of beam angles is used for all treatment fractions. In this paper we present a BOO formulation based on group sparsity that simultaneously optimizes non-coplanar beam angles for all fractions, yielding a fraction-variant (FV) treatment plan. Beam angles are selected by solving a multi-fraction fluence map optimization problem involving 500-700 candidate beams per fraction, with an additional group sparsity term that encourages most candidate beams to be inactive. The optimization problem is solved using the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm. Our FV BOO algorithm is used to create five-fraction treatment plans for digital phantom, prostate, and lung cases as well as a 30-fraction plan for a head and neck case. A homogeneous PTV dose coverage is maintained in all fractions. The treatment plans are compared with fraction-invariant plans that use a fixed set of beam angles for all fractions. The FV plans reduced OAR mean dose and D 2 values on average by 3.3% and 3.8% of the prescription dose, respectively. Notably, mean OAR dose was reduced by 14.3% of prescription dose (rectum), 11.6% (penile bulb), 10.7% (seminal vesicle), 5.5% (right femur), 3.5% (bladder), 4.0% (normal left lung), 15.5% (cochleas), and 5.2% (chiasm). D 2 was reduced by 14.9% of prescription dose (right femur), 8.2% (penile bulb), 12.7% (proximal bronchus), 4.1% (normal left lung), 15.2% (cochleas), 10.1% (orbits), 9.1% (chiasm), 8.7% (brainstem), and 7.1% (parotids). Meanwhile, PTV homogeneity defined as D 95/D 5 improved from .92 to .95 (digital phantom), from .95 to .98 (prostate case), and from .94 to .97 (lung case), and remained constant for the head and neck case. Moreover, the FV plans are dosimetrically similar to conventional plans that use twice as many beams per fraction. Thus, FV BOO offers the potential to reduce delivery time for non-coplanar IMRT.
Why Do Emotional Stimuli Influence Judgments of Learning? Theory, Evidence, and Future Directions

When people monitor their memory, their judgments of how much they have learned are influenced by the emotional valence of the to-be-learned material. A challenge is to discover why emotion influences people’s monitoring judgments. Toward meeting this challenge, we discuss theory about how emotions may impact memory monitoring (through beliefs or experiences) and the prevailing evidence relevant to evaluating these theories. To foreshadow, our critical review of the evidence (a) suggests that people’s beliefs about the relation between emotion and memory partly explain the effect of emotion on monitoring and (b) reveals avenues for future research to more fully understand the role of emotion in memory monitoring.
PET/computed tomography in inpatients: part 1, international survey.

PURPOSE The purposes of this study are to (1) identify patterns of inpatient PET/computed tomography (CT) use in and outside of the USA and (2) characterize inpatient PET/CT use by location and indication. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was deemed exempt by the Institutional Review Board. A survey link through REDCap was emailed to the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) members and PET Centers of Excellence members and posted on the SNMMI website. Data were collected from May 2018 to August 2018. Analyses were conducted using SAS Software 9.4 with the NPAR1WAY procedure. Differences were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test with statistical significance defined as P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS A total of 124 people responded to the survey, 71.8% (89/124) in the USA, and 26.6% (33/124) outside the USA [1.6% (2/124) no response]. 81.5% (101/124) read inpatient PET/CTs. Median percent of inpatient PET/CTs was 8.0% (range 0-100). Use of inpatient PET/CT was different (P < 0.0001) in the USA (5%, range 0-80%) versus outside USA (17.7%, range 0-100%). Use of inpatient PET/CT was different by institution type: median percent of inpatient PET/CTs in community teaching hospitals was 4.5% (range 0-50) versus 1.1% (range 0-20) in community nonteaching, 10% (range 0-80) in academic medical centers, and 20.0% (range 6.3-40) in government-affiliated institutions (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Most US and non-US respondents read inpatients PET/CTs. Non-US respondents read a higher percentage of inpatient PET/CTs than US respondents. Respondents in government-affiliated institutions read the highest percent of inpatient PET/CTs and community nonteaching institutions the least. Results of this survey may help physicians evaluate whether their practice of providing inpatient PET/CT fits with current practice patterns.
Pediatric Chronic Critical Illness: Validation, Prevalence, and Impact in a Children's Hospital.

Objectives Large populations of chronically critically ill patients test the critical care system's resource utilization ability. Defining and tracking this group is necessary for census predictions. Design Retrospective cohort analysis. Settings Tertiary academic center in United States. Patients Patients admitted to PICU or neonatal ICU. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Demographics and resource utilization variables were sampled in PICU, intermediate care unit, cardiovascular ICU, and neonatal ICU on 3 random days in 3 consecutive months. The attendings' perception of pediatric chronic critical illness was contrasted to Shapiro's definition of chronic critical care criteria. Each unit's active and maximal capacity census was computed: the occurrence rate of pediatric chronic critical illness was 34%, the prevalence was 44.5%, and the tolerance, or percentage pediatric chronic critical illness patients to all available beds, was 36.8%. The median length of stay for the nonpatients with pediatric critical care illness to patients with pediatric critical care illness was 9 versus 46 days (1/5.1). The attending's decision was 58 times more concordant with the criteria. Pediatric chronic critical illness bed occupancy was 40.6% in PICU, 97.2% in intermediate care unit, 47.8% in cardiovascular ICU, and 33.9% in neonatal ICU. Conclusions Pediatric chronic critical illness patients occupied more than one third of the ICU beds and have five times longer stay. This mounting load needs to be uniformly defined, addressed at regional and national levels, and considered in the current pandemic planning.
Bidirectionality in behavioral regulation, emotional competence, and expressive vocabulary skills: Moderation by preschool social-emotional programs

Abstract This study sought to explore the bidirectional associations between children's behavioral regulation (BR), emotional competence (EC), and expressive vocabulary (EV) skills. We examined the bidirectional relations between children's BR, EC, and EV within the context of an impact study of three social-emotional learning (SEL) programs and whether the bidirectional relations are moderated by the SEL program implemented. The findings revealed bidirectionality between these developmental skills across the full sample (n = 2114). The moderation analysis suggests that Preschool PATHS and Incredible Years' programs had similar cross-lagged paths between EC and EV skills. No bidirectional relations were found among children in Tools of the Mind classrooms. The SEL programs' moderating effect speaks to the unique role that these programs can play in directly improving children's skills and supporting the dynamic nature of skills development. Therefore, preschool programs can consider implementing SEL programs to support children's language and social and emotional needs.
The Effect of Media-framing on the North Korean Leader and an Audiences’ Perception towards the Leader

This study investigated the influence of four news frames on an audiences' perception of the leader of North Korea. In particular, it explores the effects of the 'enemy versus dialogue partner frame' and the 'policy versus personal character focus frame' and how they were weighed against the control for people's familiarity with and favorability of North Korea and its leader. Conducting a between-subjects experiment, the researcher found that the enemy frame of the North Korean leader had a significant impact on people's negative perceptions of him and that the impact of the news frame was slightly moderated when people's favorability toward the North Korean leader was controlled. This study offers important empirical evidence regarding how media frames of a foreign country and its leader influence audiences' perceptions toward the leader of the foreign country.
Critical solution temperatures of aliphatic compounds: II. Triglycerides

Abstract The upper critical solution temperatures (CST values) of triglycerides with nitromethane, acetonitrile and acetic anhydride were determined under the microscope and were found to be accurate and reproducible characteristics for identifying these compounds. All triglycerides were also characterized by recording the temperatures at which their refractive indices equal the refractive indices of standard glass powders.
Management control systems and organizational development

Purpose – Aims to apply organizational systems perspectives to discuss the three types of organizational development (OD) and management control systems (MCS): normative, coercive and remunerative‐instrumental (utilitarian) that affect the operating performance of teams.Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines the effect that managerial power relations, cultural process and structural change intervention of these three types of control systems have on the formation (size, composition, and strategies), and operational activities (functions and assignment of tasks) of teams. The paper uses library archives research to study OD, MCS and teams. It has applied an organizational systems perspective that examines the effects of OD and MCS on teams' management.Findings – Recent new directions in management control systems and OD process and structural intervention strategies have transformed management accounting control systems as the new administrative control innovations mechanisms for managing teams' ...
State of the art contemporary treatment of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction: pre- and in-hospital organization, devices and drugs.

Objective To review the presentation, diagnosis and recent developments in the pharmacological and invasive treatment of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with a special focus on health-care organization in order to increase accessibility of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Data sources Data were obtained from English publications on STEMI treatment. No formal systematic review was conducted, but an effort was made to be comprehensive. Study selection Studies were selected if they contained data relevant to the topic. Preferably, data from clinical randomized trials, meta-analyses, guidelines and a few recent reviews are referenced. Results The described clinical approach to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been a continuum of scientific results and translation into clinical practice over the last four decades since the advent of thrombolytic reperfusion. This has resulted in a dramatic in-hospital mortality decrease from 30% in the 1960s to the present 5%. The biggest survival benefits have undoubtedly been achieved after the advent of reperfusion strategies. In contemporary treatment of STEMI, additional treatment effects on survival have to be sought in the very early admission phase, as the current mortality hazard drops significantly after the first critical days to continuously very low levels after discharge. Conclusions Optimal treatment of STEMI patients is best performed with a widely accessible reperfusion strategy, preferably primary PCI, with contemporary peri-procedural anti-thrombotic treatment and device implantation. Accessibility of reperfusion strategies is increased by efficient STEMI networks applying prehospital triage with digital tele-transmission of electrocardiograms (ECGs) and seamless patient transitions between health-care unities. Efficient treatments of complicated STEMI with out-of hospital cardiac arrest and/or cardiogenic shock underline the necessity of structured referral systems, preferably immediately after the initial STEMI diagnosis.
Nefiracetam modulates acetylcholine receptor currents via two different signal transduction pathways.

Nootropic agents are proposed to serve as cognition enhancers. The underlying mechanism, however, is largely unknown. The present study was conducted to assess the intracellular signal transduction pathways mediated by the nootropic nefiracetam in the native and mutantTorpedo californica nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Nefiracetam induced a short-term depression of ACh-evoked currents at submicromolar concentrations (0.01–0.1 μm) and a long-term enhancement of the currents at micromolar concentrations (1–10 μm). The depression was caused by activation of pertussis toxin-sensitive, G protein-regulated, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) with subsequent phosphorylation of the ACh receptors; in contrast, the enhancement was caused by activation of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) and the ensuing PKC phosphorylation of the receptors. Therefore, nefiracetam interacts with PKA and PKC pathways, which may explain a cellular mechanism for the action of cognition-enhancing agents.
Dual edge tracking control for synchronous rectification (SR) of LLC resonant converter

This paper presents a dual edge tracking predictive control method for synchronous rectifier (SR) of LLC resonant converter that anticipates the SR current zero crossing instant with respect to two different time references. The proposed method guarantees stable operation of SR of LLC resonant converter during any transient. The operation and performance of the proposed method is verified on 252W prototype converter with 12V output.
Control of Future Air Traffic Systems via Complexity Bound Management

The complexity of the present system for managing air traffic has led to "discreteness" in approaches to creating new concepts: new concepts are created as point designs, based on experience, expertise, and creativity of the proposer. Discrete point designs may be highly successful but they are difficult to substantiate in the face of equally strong substantiation of competing concepts, as well as the state of the art in concept evaluation via simulations. Hybrid concepts may present a compromise - the golden middle. Yet a hybrid of sometimes in principle incompatible concepts forms another point design that faces the challenge of substantiation and validation. We are faced with the need to re-design the air transportation system ab initio. This is a daunting task, especially considering the problem of transitioning from the present system to any fundamentally new system. However, design from scratch is also an opportunity to reconsider approaches to new concept development. In this position paper we propose an approach, Optimized Parametric Functional Design, for systematic development of concepts for management and control of airspace systems, based on optimization formulations in terms of required system functions and states. This reasoning framework, realizable in the context of ab initio system design, offers an approach to deriving substantiated airspace management and control concepts. With growing computational power, we hope that the approach will also yield a methodology for actual dynamic control of airspace
Engaging Employers in Assessment.

The authors describe a pilot project in which formative feedback from industry professionals creates a genuine learning experience for students.
The Index Semigroup and \(K\)-Groups of Graph-Groupoid \(C^{*}\)-Algebras

In this paper, we consider the relation between index theory and \(K\)-theory induced by directed graphs. In particular, we study index-morphism on finite trees, and classify the set of finite trees in terms of our index-morphism. Such a morphism generate certain semigroup, called the index semigroup. From the index semigroup, we find a ple, interesting connection between semigroup-elements and \(K\)-group computations of groupoid \(C^{*}\)-algebras generated by graphs. In conclusion, we show that the pure combinatorial data of graphs completely characterize and classify the elements of the index semigroup (or equivalently, graph-index on finite trees), Watatani’s Jones index on groupoid \(C^{*}\)-algebras generated by finite trees, and \(K\)-group computations of certain \(C^{*}\)-algebras.
Binding of triphosphate spin labels to hemoglobin Kempsey.

Summary The binding of 1-oxyl-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-triphosphate (I) to a mutant of human hemoglobin (Hb), Hb Kempsey (β-99 Asp→Asn), has been studied as a function of heme ligation. The (ligand-free Hb Kempsey) — (I) complex has a stoichiometry of 1.0±0.1 moles of I per mole of Hb Kempsey tetramer and a dissociation constant 1.7±0.5 × 10 −4 M at 13° in 0.05 M bisTris buffer, pH 7.3 and 0.1M in Cl − . A second spin label, N 6 --(1-oxyl-2, 2, 6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) adenosine triphosphate, was used to probe the structure of the organic phosphate binding site in ligand-free Hb Kempsey. Neither label binds to fully liganded Hb Kempsey under these conditions. The results of these experiments are consistent with a generalized concerted transition model for cooperative ligand binding to hemoglobin.
Approximate inertial manifolds for 2D Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract In this paper we provide two approximate inertial manifolds for the 2D Navier-Stokes equations in the periodic case. The first one is an inertial manifold for a dissipative equation obtained by modifying the Navier-Stokes equations, namely, by enlarging the gaps of the eigenvalues of the Stokes operator. The second one, which is explicit and simple, is found by approximating the previous approximate manifold with the Euler-Galerkin scheme.
Feedback stabilization of the SCA/FEL wavelength☆

Abstract The Stanford superconducting accelerator/free electron laser provides the unique ability to modulate laser wavelength on fast time scales by electronically varying the energy of the electron beam. Through the use of an appropriate feedback circuit, this offers us the opportunity to stabilize the laser wavelength. Our first attempt at frequency response measurement and stabilization is discussed, as are possibilities for future work.
Effect of route of dexamethasone administration on parturition, fertility and calf performance in beef cattle

Abstract Three trials (A, B and C) were conducted using 162 beef cows and heifers from a fall calving herd to determine the effect of route of administration of dexamethasone on induced parturition and retained placenta. Each trial contained a control group, a treated group receiving dexamethasone intramuscularly and a treated group receiving all or part of the dexamethasone intravenously. Dexamethasone treatment ranged between 20 and 50 mg and resulted in 81 to 100% induced parturition and in an increased incidence (P
Porcine granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) delivered via replication-defective adenovirus induces a sustained increase in circulating peripheral blood neutrophils

The use of immunomodulators is a promising area for biotherapeutic, prophylactic, and metaphylactic use to prevent and combat infectious disease. Cytokines, including granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), have been investigated for potential value as biotherapeutic proteins. G-CSF enhances the production and release of neutrophils from bone marrow and is already licensed for use in humans. A limitation of cytokines as immunomodulators is their short half-life which may limit their usefulness as a one-time injectable in production-animal medicine. Here we report that administration of recombinant G-CSF induced a transient neutrophilia in pigs; however, delivery of porcine G-CSF encoded in a replication-defective adenovirus (Ad5) vector significantly increased the neutrophilia pharmacodynamics effect. Pigs given one injection of the Ad5-G-CSF had a neutrophilia that peaked between days 3 e11 post-treatment and neutrophil counts remained elevated for more than 2 weeks. Neutrophils from Ad5-G-CSF treated pigs were fully functional based on their ability to release neutrophil extracellular traps and oxidative metabolism after in vitro stimulation. Since acceptable alternatives to the use of antibiotics in food-animal production need to be explored, we provide evidence for G-CSF as a possible candidate for agents in which neutrophils can provide protection. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The International Alliance for Biological Standardization.