cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fine-fraction carbonate stable isotopes as indicators of seasonal shallow mixed-layer paleohydrography

We have measured stable isotopic compositions of Miocene pelagic fine-fraction (6 63 Wm) carbonates from oligotrophic deep-sea sites in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans and compared them with those of coexisting foraminifers to test their utility as near sea-surface indicators. Fine-fraction carbonates (primarily polyspecific nannofossils) and surface-dwelling planktic foraminiferal (Globigerinoides) stable isotopes both have been considered to reflect surfacewater hydrographic conditions. However, our results indicate that fine-fraction stable isotopes are offset from and do not correlate well with those of Globigerinoides. In contrast, stable isotopic records of the deep-dwelling planktic foraminifer Globoquadrina are in good correspondence with the fine-fraction records in terms of long-term (ca. s 1 m.y.) trends and temporal variability. On the basis of a time-series hydrography and flux study site in the oligotrophic subtropical North Atlantic, we interpret the isotopic discrepancies between fine-fraction and Globigerinoides as resulting primarily from season of calcification, as well as possible vital effects. We suggest that fine-fraction stable isotope values from oligotrophic waters reflect late winter^early spring relatively cool, nutrient-rich shallow mixedlayer conditions during the time of deep mixing (i.e., spring bloom), whereas Globigerinoides stable isotope values record conditions that prevailed in the stratified surface waters in the warmer late spring^fall. This implies that paired analyses of fine-fraction and surface-dwelling planktic foraminiferal N 18 O could be applied to reconstruct paleoseasonality of the open oceans. However, because the fine-fraction N 13 C values are not representative of the annual mean surface-water N 13 C, we recommend use of near surface-dwelling planktic foraminiferal N 13 C as a proxy for N 13 C of stratified surface waters that are more or less in equilibrium with the atmosphere with respect to pCO2.
Apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma: Detection by in situ end-labeling of fragmented DNA and correlation with other prognostic factors

Because stage and grade of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) sometimes fail to predict the patient's outcome, additional prognostic predictors are needed. Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death seen in both normal and neoplastic tissues, which has been shown to have prognostic significance in some tumor types. Forty-seven RCCs were studied for size, grade, stage, apoptosis, and proliferation. Fragmented DNA, a hallmark of apoptosis, was detected in situ by a process in which the fragmented DNA was labeled with a biotinylated nucleotide, which, in turn, was detected by an avidin-biotin-peroxidase labeling system. The proliferating tumor cells were detected by immunostaining with the MIB-1 antibody. The apoptotic index and proliferation index of each RCC were expressed as the number of tumor cells undergoing apoptosis and proliferation per 1,000 tumor cells. For grade I to IV RCCs, the median proliferative index was 13, 41, 119, and 143; the median apoptotic index was 8, 12, 39, and 73. For stage I to IV RCCs, the median proliferative index was 21, 34, 70, and 144; the median apoptotic index was 8, 9, 20, and 69. There was a statistically significant correlation of tumor grade, stage, and size with both proliferative index and apoptotic index. There was a statistically significant correlation between proliferation index and apoptotic index. In conclusion, apoptosis can be easily and reliably recognized by the in situ end labeling of fragmented DNA and may help predict the outcome of RCC.
Effects of Pregnancy on Specific Diseases

Of the numerous physiological changes associated with pregnancy that may have effects on various diseases, the marked increase in blood volume probably exerts the most pronounced effect. This increase may affect the serum level of many medications, as well as affecting various laboratory tests. Other important changes occur in the renal and hepatic system, which in turn may affect the clearance and metabolism of certain drugs and medications. Moreover, the response to and treatment of various diseases during pregnancy may be affected by the "attitude" of the health care providers who are often reluctant to perform certain diagnostic tests and procedures on the pregnant woman.
Coronary artery disease risk reduction in HIV-infected persons: a comparative analysis

Despite an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), few data are available on primary prevention of CAD in this population. In this retrospective cohort study, HIV-infected patients treated in an academic medical center HIV Specialty Clinic between 1996 and 2010 were matched by age, gender, and ethnicity to a cohort of presumed uninfected persons followed in an academic medical center Internal Medicine primary care clinic. We compared CAD primary prevention care practices between the two clinics, including use of aspirin, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors ("statins"), and anti-hypertensive drugs. CAD risk between the two groups was assessed with 10-year Framingham CAD risk scores. In the comparative analysis, 890 HIV-infected persons were compared to 807 controls. Ten-year Framingham CAD Risk Scores were similar in the two groups (median, 3; interquartile range [IQR], 0-5). After adjusting for relevant risk factors, HIV-infected persons were less likely to be prescribed aspirin (odds ratio [OR] 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.71), statins (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.53-0.92), and anti-hypertensive drugs (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50-0.79) than persons in the control group. In summary, when compared to demographically similar uninfected persons, HIV-infected persons treated in an HIV specialty clinic were less likely to be prescribed medications appropriate for CAD risk reduction. Improving primary preventative CAD care in HIV specialty clinic populations is an important step toward diminishing risk of heart disease in HIV-infected persons.
Pentose cycle and reducing equivalents in rat mammary-gland slices

1. Slices of mammary gland of lactating rats were incubated with glucose labelled uniformly with 14C and in positions 1, 2, 3 and 6, and with 3H in all six positions. Glucose carbon atoms are incorporated into CO2, fatty acids, lipid glycerol, the glucose and galactose moieties of lactose, lactate, soluble amino acids and proteins. C-3 of glucose appears in fatty acids. The incorporation of 3H into fatty acids is greatest from [3-3H]glucose. 3H from [5-3H]glucose appears, apart from in lactose, nearly all in water. 2. The specific radioactivity of the galactose moiety of lactose from [1-14C]- and [6-14C]-glucose was less, and that from [2-14C]- and [3-14C]-glucose more, than that of the glucose moiety. There was no randomization of carbon atoms in the glucose moiety, but it was extensive in galactose. 3. The pentose cycle was calculated from 14C yields in CO2 and fatty acids, and from the degradation of galactose from [2-14C]glucose. A method for the quantitative determination of the contribution of the pentose cycle, from incorporation into fatty acids from [3-14C]glucose, is derived. The rate of the reaction catalysed by hexose 6-phosphate isomerase was calculated from the randomization pattern in galactose. 4. Of the utilized glucose, 10–20% is converted into lactose, 20–30% is metabolized via the pentose cycle and the rest is metabolized via the Embden–Meyerhof pathway. About 10–15% of the triose phosphates and pyruvate is derived via the pentose cycle. 5. The pentose cycle is sufficient to provide 80–100% of the NADPH requirement for fatty acid synthesis. 6. The formation of reducing equivalents in the cytoplasm exceeds that required for reductive biosynthesis. About half of the cytoplasmic reducing equivalents are probably transferred into mitochondria. 7. In the Appendix a concise derivation of the randomization of C-1, C-2 and C-3 as a function of the pentose cycle is described.
A New Anticholinesterase Oxamide

SummaryStudies on amino- and ammonium-alkylaminobenzoquinones directed our attention to the unique property of the quaternizing agent, 2-chlorobenzyl chloride, in increasing their anticholinesterase activities. This was applied to amides of dicarboxylic acids, and N, N'-bis(2-diethylaminoethyl) ox-amide bis-2-chlorobenzyl chloride (Win 8077) was synthesized. It was observed to be about 6 times as effective as neostigmine methyl sulfate as an inhibitor of red cell cholinesterase.
Paradigm Development and Communication in Scientific Settings: A Contingency Analysis

The article discusses research pertaining to the paradigm concept as a contingency factor in relation to scientific performance. Several premises provide the theoretical underpinnings for this stud...
Effects of calcium channel blockers on experimental glomerular injury

A major problem for patients with kidney disease is that most chronic renal diseases progress to endstage renal failure. Studies in experimental models of hypertension and renal insufficiency suggest that progressive glomerular sclerosis may be the long-term consequence of functional and structural adaptations of the kidney to a moderate loss of filtration capacity. In a number of settings, sclerosis has been related to the presence of an elevated glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure. A growing body of evidence also supports the hypothesis that kidney hypertrophy and glomerular hypertrophy constitute independent risk factors for glomerular sclerosis. Recent studies suggest that calcium antagonists can reduce glomerular injury in experimental hypertension. Renal protection may be related to the ability of these agents to reduce glomerular pressure and/or inhibit compensatory renal growth.
Towards a Hybrid Design for Fast Query Processing in DB2 with BLU Acceleration Using Graphical Processing Units: A Technology Demonstration

In this paper, we show how we use Nvidia GPUs and host CPU cores for faster query processing in a DB2 database using BLU Acceleration (DB2's column store technology). Moreover, we show the benefits and problems of using hardware accelerators (more specifically GPUs) in a real commercial Relational Database Management System(RDBMS).We investigate the effect of off-loading specific database operations to a GPU, and show how doing so results in a significant performance improvement. We then demonstrate that for some queries, using just CPU to perform the entire operation is more beneficial. While we use some of Nvidia's fast kernels for operations like sort, we have also developed our own high performance kernels for operations such as group by and aggregation. Finally, we show how we use a dynamic design that can make use of optimizer metadata to intelligently choose a GPU kernel to run. For the first time in the literature, we use benchmarks representative of customer environments to gauge the performance of our prototype, the results of which show that we can get a speed increase upwards of 2x, using a realistic set of queries.
Low- (Economic) Volatility Investing

Low-volatility investing has recently witnessed a surge in media coverage and experienced renewed interest in academic research. We assess various low- (economic) volatility portfolios against the S&P 500 Index, S&P 500 Low Volatility Index, and Fama–French-inspired U.S. Core Equity 1 Portfolio. Our portfolios outperformed the benchmarks, for the whole period as well as subperiods, and even more so when economic variables and criteria were incorporated with the down-market beta. This study shed further light on the efficacy of economic factors—that by constructing a low-volatility portfolio with economic factors would enhance a portfolio’s risk–reward ratio over a portfolio constructed purely with return-based measures.
The Differential Diagnosis Of Meniere’s Disease

The diagnosis of "classic" Meniere's disease is easy to make. Unfortunately, Meniere's disease is a diagnosis of exclusion and many disease entities can mimic Meniere's disease. Thus, it is essential to eliminate other possible etiologic agents for complaints that could be related to Meniere's disease before making this diagnosis. This article evaluates the differential diagnosis in Meniere's disease.
“Sexual tears” in a salamander?

G. Kingsley Noble reported the possibility of orbital gland involvement in reproduction of spelerpine salamanders, particularly Eurycea, through rudimentary gross examination of the heads of male and female salamanders. In his report, Noble provided details from only one taxon of salamander, E. bislineata. To examine the variability of orbital glands with secondary sexual function in Eurycea, orbital glands of E. longicauda were assessed for sexual dimorphism and a distinct seasonal secretory cycle that mirrored the reproductive cycle. Orbital glands were found not to be sexually dimorphic in E. longicauda and possessed constant secretory activity in males and females throughout the year. Known secondary sexual glands (mental glands, caudal courtship glands, and cloacal glands) were sexually dimorphic between males and females and possessed a secretory cycle that could be correlated with events of the reproductive cycle, particularly mating activity. Thus, no evidence was found for orbital gland involvement in reproduction in E. longicauda. Orbital glands of both male and female E. longicauda are morphologically identical and produce copious lipoproteins throughout the year. Orbital gland secretions are potentially involved in lubrication of the eye and the prevention of fluid evaporation from the eye as described for lipoprotein secretions in other vertebrate lineages.
An Expanded View of Infantile Esotropia

This article challenges the dogmatic position that essential infantile esotropia is caused by a primary abnormality within the visual cortex. This Worthian concept of essential infantile esotropia (EIE) arises a priori from the fact that the primary visual cortex provides a necessary substrate for single binocular vision and stereopsis, and empirically from the finding that cortical motion pathways and correlative pursuit functions are measurably abnormal. The intuitive reasoning has long been that if the visual cortex subserves binocular vision and stereopsis, and these vital functions are disrupted in humans with EIE, then a primary aberration within the visual cortex must causes the eyes to cross. There is no evidence that this is the case. This commentary argues that the observed cortical aberrations could be the effect rather than the cause of EIE. According to this Chavessian hypothesis, the early binocular misalignment that disrupts cortical visual development can be generated in the basement of the brain (i.e. within the cerebellar cortex).
Surface magnetism of L10 CoPt alloy: first principles predictions.

We used the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) to predict the magnetic properties of (1 0 0), (0 0 1), (1 0 1), (1 1 0), and (1 1 1) surfaces of L10 ordered CoPt alloy. Our results indicate that bulk-terminated CoPt surfaces exhibit magnetic moment higher than that of bulk CoPt crystal and surface magnetic anisotropy favoring in-plane magnetization. Moreover, our DFT calculations predict that Pt prefers to segregate to the outermost layer of all these five CoPt surfaces with energy gain in the range of 0.05-0.47 eV for each segregated Pt atom. Comparing the structural and magnetic properties of the bulk-terminated and Pt-segregated CoPt surfaces, we found that Pt surface segregation led to larger contraction relaxation, reduced magnetic moments (with the exception of (1 1 0) surface), smaller spin canting angles, and an out-of-plane contribution to the surface magnetic anisotropy energy of the CoPt surfaces. Furthermore, our electronic structure analysis suggests that the change in the density of [Formula: see text] minority spin states of surface Co atoms mainly underlies the observed phenomena related to the surface magnetism of L10 CoPt alloy.
The Relationship Between Student-Teacher Compatibility of Cognitive Structure and Student Performance

Four studies were carried out to test Runkel’s hypothesis that compatibility of cognitive structure between teacher and students would facilitate student learning and performance. The obtained results using Runkel’s collinearity method failed to support the hypothesis. For the authors, the results produced a greater reduction of confidence in the method than in the hypothesis.
Impact of Metastasectomy in the Multimodality Approach for BRAF V600E Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The Mayo Clinic Experience

Background BRAF V600E mutations are present in 8%-10% of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and portend poor prognosis. This study investigated the impact of metastasectomy for patients with BRAF V600E mCRC. Subjects, materials, and methods Using prospective clinical and molecular data, patients with BRAF V600E mCRC were analyzed for clinical characteristics and survival. Statistical analyses utilized the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazard models. Results Fifty-two patients were identified between July 1, 2008, and January 4, 2016. Patient characteristics included median age 65 years, 61% female, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤1, 71% with right-sided tumors, and 28% with liver-limited metastasis. In the first-line setting, 7% (4/52) received fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI)/bevacizumab (BEV) and 81% were treated with doublet chemotherapy consisting of fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and BEV. Median overall survival (OS) for all 52 patients was 25 months with median progression-free survival (PFS) of 9.3 months. With median follow-up of 18.3 months, 21 patients underwent metastasectomy with longer OS (29.1 months vs. 22.7 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.33; confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.78; p = .01) and PFS (13.6 months vs. 6.2 months, HR = 0.53, CI, 0.28-0.97; p = .03) compared with the non-metastasectomy cohort. In multivariate analysis, metastasectomy remained significant for improved survival outcomes (HR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.07-1.02; p = .02). Median disease-free survival after metastasectomy was 9.7 months (95% CI, 5.5-19.5). Two patients remain disease-free at the time of last follow-up, with one patient without relapse for greater than 2 years (28.9 months). Conclusion Multimodality therapy incorporating metastasectomy for BRAF V600E mCRC should be considered and might be associated with improved overall survival in select patients. Implications for practice BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) represents an extremely difficult molecular subset of colorectal cancer to treat. To date, this subset remains refractory to standard chemotherapies, prompting extensive clinical investigation regarding novel treatment approaches and targeted modalities. While the use of metastasectomy for expanded RAS wild-type and RAS mutated mCRC has resulted in improved overall survival for select patients, utilization of metastasectomy in patients with BRAF V600E mCRC remains controversial. This article explores the authors' experience with BRAF V600E mCRC to ascertain whether a multidisciplinary approach incorporating metastasectomy for well-selected patients improves overall survival.
Change in Clinical Management Associated with Flexible Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients with New Pulmonary Infiltrates.

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary complications occur in 60% of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with significant morbidity and mortality. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is an important diagnostic tool, but yield can be variable. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of BAL in HSCT patients with new pulmonary infiltrates and determine factors associated with higher BAL yield.MethodsRetrospective review of BAL results from January 2014 to July 2016. Included first bronchoscopy for HSCT patients over 18 years of age. Positive BAL determined by positive culture (bacterial, fungal, mycobacteria), viral PCR, elevated galactomannan antigen (AGA), and cytology. Logistic regression analysis was performed.Results54 HSCT recipients were included: 93% allogeneic, 34% neutropenic, 39% on prednisone, 59% on supplemental oxygen, 8% receiving mechanical ventilation (MV), 85% with multilobar infiltrates, 92% on antimicrobials (antibacterial 83%, antifungal 92%, antiviral 13%). 65% had positive BAL (23/54 bacterial, 16/54 elevated AGA, 6/54 fungal, 14/54 viral PCR, 1/54 mycobacteria). Median time to BAL from HSCT was 7.5 months. Not on levofloxacin prophylaxis ( 0.004), not on MV ( 0.037), or unrelated donor were associated with positive BAL results. Positive bacterial BAL culture was predictive of antibacterial escalation ( 0.001). Elevated BAL AGA was associated with antifungal escalation and antibacterial de-escalation ( 0.012). Antiviral initiation was more likely with positive BAL PCR ( 0.002). Antifungal de-escalation ( 0.047) and steroid initiation ( 0.010) were more likely with negative BAL. 6 month mortality was 41%, and more likely with positive bacterial BAL culture ( 0.046). Overall positive BAL was not predictive of mortality.ConclusionBronchoscopy with BAL assisted in making critical management changes: elevated AGA with antifungal escalation and antibacterial de-escalation; and negative BAL with prednisone initiation and antifungal de-escalation. Unrelated donors, patients not on levofloxacin, or not on MV were more likely to have a positive BAL. Antimicrobial use likely reduced diagnostic yield for bacterial pathogens. Overall 6 month mortality was high, especially among those with bacterial infections.Disclosures No reported disclosures.
Undocumented to Hyperdocumented: A Jornada of Papers, Protection, and PhD Status

In this chapter, I situate my own positionality as a once undocumented Guatemalan immigrant. I describe my experience of hyperdocumentation—the effort to accrue awards, accolades, and eventually academic degrees to compensate for my undocumented status. In spite of my visible successes and naturalization, I discuss how I still confront the rage and intolerance of American “commonsense” beliefs about immigration. My narrative questions the pursuit of documentation as a means to legitimacy and acceptance in American society. This introduction lays the foundation for my argument and outlines the chapters to follow.
Morphine is not superior to ibuprofen for managing children’s pain following minor orthopedic surgery

Commentary on : Poonai N, Datoo N, Ali S, et al . Oral morphine versus ibuprofen administered at home for postoperative orthopaedic pain in children: a randomised controlled trial. CMAJ 2017;189:E1252–8. Morphine and other opioids such as oxycodone and hydrocodone increasingly serve as the cornerstone of children’s postoperative pain treatment. Yet, opioid use may result in a number of complications, including respiratory depression, nausea, constipation and an increased risk for opioid misuse later in life. Given the associated risks, it is important that evidence support the use of opioids over other reliable analgesics such as ibuprofen and paracetamol. …
What keeps them going? Socio-cognitive entrepreneurial career continuance

Previous studies suggest that individual career satisfiers such as earning wealth and developing relationships with employees are important drivers of intentions to start an entrepreneurial career. However, less is known about their effects on broader, downstream career decisions such as intentions to remain in entrepreneurial careers. Based on data from 228 business owners, we find that employee relationship career satisfiers drive intentions to remain in entrepreneurship while status-based career satisfiers do not. Further, our study reveals that the cognitive relationships between career satisfiers and career continuance intentions are socially situated such that emotional support from family changes these relationships, especially when examined between owners of family and nonfamily businesses.
Group-Invariant Solutions

When one is confronted with a complicated system of partial differential equations arising from some physically important problem, the discovery of any explicit solutions whatsoever is of great interest. Explicit solutions can be used as models for physical experiments, as benchmarks for testing numerical methods, etc., and often reflect the asymptotic or dominant behaviour of more general types of solutions. The methods used to find group-invariant solutions, generalizing the well-known techniques for finding similarity solutions, provide a systematic computational method for determining large classes of special solutions. These group-invariant solutions are characterized by their invariance under some symmetry group of the system of partial differential equations; the more symmetrical the solution, the easier it is to construct. The fundamental theorem on group-invariant solutions roughly states that the solutions which are invariant under a given r-parameter symmetry group of the system can all be found by solving a system of differential equations involving r fewer independent variables than the original system. In particular, if the number of parameters is one less than the number of independent variables in the physical system: r = p - 1, then all the corresponding group-invariant solutions can be found by solving a system of ordinary differential equations.
ON THE EQUATION Tx = y IN BANACH SPACES WITH WEAKLY CONTINUOUS DUALITY MAPS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an assumption where X is a reflectyive Banach space with dual X*, and T is an operator with domain D (T) ⊂ X and values in X. The chapter presenst the solutions x ∈ D (T) of the equation Tx=y, where y is a known element of X. The operator T is assumed maximal monotone on its domain with respect to a weakly continuous duality map that is also assumed to exist for the space X.
Obvious logical inferences

A precise definition is given of a class of inferences in predicate logic which it is proposed to Identify with the class of "obvious" Inferences. A mechanism for Implementing "obvious inference" as a rule of Inference in proof checking systems is discussed.
Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Triflates

The conversion of aryl triflates to the corresponding aniline derivatives was accomplished in moderate to good yield using a catalyst consisting of the combination of palladium acetate (2 mol %) and either BINAP or Tol-BINAP. In contrast to the corresponding palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides and iodides, electronically neutral aryl triflates gave higher yields of arylamines than did electron deficient aryl triflates, presumably due to the increased rate of base-promoted triflate cleavage in electron deficient substrates.
Wrongful Adoption: Litigation and Liability:

A new type of lawsuit, wrongful adoption, is a growing concern in adoption practice. Social workers and agencies face legal action for failure to disclose medical and other health-related informati...
The evidence for working memory training transfer effects on sentence comprehension and functional communication in persons with aphasia is inconclusive1

Q The primary aim of this study was to identify maintenance and generalization patterns in cognitive and language domains in persons with aphasia (PWA) following working memory (WM) training. The f...
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are the latest medications to be approved and released for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. These include canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin. Their mechanism of action is characterized by permissive glucosuria which has significant effects on lowering hemoglobin A1c by up to 1%. These drugs are also beneficial for blood pressure control mainly due to its diuretic-like effects as well as weight loss secondary to caloric loss via glucosuria. Most impressive to these medications are the marked potential benefits observed in cardiovascular and renal outcomes noted with empagliflozin but yet to be assessed with canagliflozin and dapagliflozin. Use of these medications has introduced to the scientific and medical world the concept of ketones as a superfuel as well. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are promising drugs to the diabetic community, and use of these is expected to rise.
Activation of a Novel Palmitoyltransferase through a t(6;14) Translocation In T/Myeloid Biphenotypic Leukemia and Subsets of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Abstract Abstract 1663 The current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematologic malignancies includes a number of entities defined by specific genetic abnormalities. Most known abnormalities result from chromosomal translocations and mutations involving genes encoding transcription factors or tyrosine kinases. We identified the activation of a novel palmitoyltransferase, ZDHHC14, through a chromosomal translocation, t(6;14)(q25;q32). This translocation was initially documented by three independent groups in two children and two adult patients with T/myeloid biphenotypic leukemia, a poorly differentiated form of acute leukemia with a single population of leukemic blasts co-expressing antigens of both T-lymphoid and myeloid lineages. Recently, we detected the same translocation in two additional patients with T/myeloid biphenotypic leukemia. Molecular characterization of the translocation breakpoints revealed the juxtaposition of a regulatory region downstream of BCL11B (at chromosome region 14q32) upstream of an uncharacterized gene, ZDHHC14 (at chromosome region 6q25), leading to transcriptional activation of the ZDHHC14. Notably, this regulatory region from 14q32 has been found to be responsible for transcriptional activation of a homeobox gene, TLX3, as a result of a cryptic translocation t(5;14)(q35;q32) in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Our subsequent survey of ZDHHC14 protein levels in blasts from patients with various subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) showed that the protein was not detectable in AML patients with t(8;21), t(15;17), or inv(16), but was detected in AML patients with FLT3 mutations or with complex karyotypes, indicating a possible association of increased expression of this protein with unfavorable prognostic features of the disease. We also demonstrated that overexpression of ZDHHC14 could inhibit TPA-induced cellular differentiation of K562 cells. Interestingly, the Drosophila homolog of ZDHHC14 has been found to be a palmitoyltransferase regulating Fat signaling. Fat is a Drosophila tumor suppressor gene, encoding a large cadherin that regulates growth and a form of tissue organization. While the function of ZDHHC14 and the role of protein palmitoylation in mammalian hematopoiesis remain unknown, recent studies in neuronal development have demonstrated that palmitoylation regulates diverse aspects of protein trafficking. Our findings suggest that palmitoyltransferase plays a previously unappreciated role in hematopoiesis and that increased expression of ZDHHC14 may be associated with a primitive status of leukocytes. Further characterization of ZDHHC14 may broaden our knowledge of leukemogenesis, contribute to risk stratification of acute leukemia, and provide a novel therapeutic target. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Are skip connections necessary for biologically plausible learning rules

Backpropagation is the workhorse of deep learning, however, several other biologically-motivated learning rules have been introduced, such as random feedback alignment and difference target propagation. None of these methods have produced a competitive performance against backpropagation. In this paper, we show that biologically-motivated learning rules with skip connections between intermediate layers can perform as well as backpropagation on the MNIST dataset and are robust to various sets of hyper-parameters.
Economic outlook and the gender gap in attitudes about climate change

Polling consistently shows that the USA is significantly polarized on the issue of climate change. Economic outlook and gender are frequently identified as two sources of this variation, as Americans often view the climate change issue as a tradeoff between economic and environmental risk, and women tend to express more concern than men about this issue. Much of the existing literature links the two by focusing on the role of economic outlook and worldview differences between genders to explain this gender gap. In short, economic concern overrides environmental concern, and males are more sensitive to economic concern, even with appropriate socioeconomic controls. However, little research has empirically investigated this interplay between gender and economic outlook. Using a large sample survey, this study investigates the relationships between economic outlook, gender, and support for climate change mitigation strategies. Findings suggest that economic outlook has a significant effect, and that it moderates gender effects. We find large gender effects among those who feel most economically vulnerable, but these differences dissipate as economic outlook improves.
Elemental Fluorine Detection by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Coupled to Nanoelectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Nontargeted Analysis of Fluorinated Compounds.

The growing use of fluorochemicals has elevated the need for nontargeted detection of unknown fluorinated compounds and transformation products. Elemental mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to chromatography offers a facile approach for such analyses by using fluorine as an elemental tag. However, efficient ionization of fluorine has been an ongoing challenge. Here, we demonstrate a novel atmospheric-pressure elemental ionization method where fluorinated compounds separated by gas chromatography (GC) are converted to Na2F+ for nontargeted detection. The compounds are first introduced into a helium dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) for breakdown. The plasma products are subsequently ionized by interaction with a nanoelectrospray ionization (nano-ESI) plume of sodium-containing aqueous electrolytes. Our studies point to HF as the main plasma product contributing to Na2F+ formation. Moreover, the results reveal that Na2F+ is largely formed by the ion-neutral reaction between HF and Na2A(NaA)n+, gas-phase reagent ions produced by nano-ESI where A represents the anion of the electrolyte. Near-uniform fluorine response factors are obtained for a wide range of compounds, highlighting good efficiency of HF formation by DBD regardless of the chemical structure of the compounds. Detection limits of 3.5-19.4 pg of fluorine on-column are obtained using the reported GC-DBD-nano-ESI-MS. As an example of nontargeted screening, extractions from oil-and-water-repellent fabrics are analyzed via monitoring Na2F+, resulting in detection of a fluorinated compound on a clothing item. Notably, facile switching of the ion source to atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization with the exact same chromatographic method allows identification of the detected compound at the flagged retention time.
The Spectral Energy Distributions of Red 2MASS AGN

We present infrared (IR) to X-ray spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for 44 red AGN selected from the 2MASS survey on the basis of their red J-K$_S$ color (>2 mag) and later observed by Chandra. In comparison with optically-, radio-, and X-ray selected AGN, their median SEDs are red in the optical and near-IR with little/no blue bump. It thus seems that near-IR color selection isolates the reddest subset of AGN that can be classified optically. The shape of the SEDs is generally consistent with modest absorption by gas (in the X-ray) and dust (in the optical-IR). The levels of obscuration, estimated from X-rays, far-IR and our detailed optical/near-IR color modeling are all consistent implying N_H < few*10^{22} cm^{-2}. We present SED models that show how the AGN optical/near-IR colors change due to differing amounts of reddening, AGN to host galaxy ratio, redshift and scattered light emission and apply them to the sources in the sample. We find that the 2MASS AGN optical color, B-R, and to a lesser extent the near-IR color, J-K$_S$, are strongly affected by reddening, host galaxy emission, redshift, and in few, highly polarized objects, also by scattered AGN light. The obscuration/inclination of the AGN allows us to see weaker emission components which are generally swamped by the AGN.
Expertise Diversity and Transactive Memory Systems: Insights From a Conflict Perspective:

Transactive memory systems (TMS) facilitate the utilization and coordination of diverse knowledge inputs, and therefore TMS should be particularly important for teams with expertise diversity. Howe...
Christ-Centred Concreteness

Harriet Tubman, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, and Martin Luther King Jr were Christian leaders whose lives insisted on faithfulness that led them against the laws of their time. They were advocates of social justice and human rights who resisted the temptation towards a secularising, two-realms split that makes Christianity a private life religion; they defied contemporary norms, and they faced opposition to their work from their fellow Christians. Yet, today we see that they were right, and their contemporaries were wrong. We may learn from their prophetic witness for Christian faithfulness in our contexts, by paying attention to their respective interpretations of the way of Jesus.
Nicotinic α4β2 receptors in transgenic mice models of Alzheimer’s disease

393 Objectives: A reduction in nicotinic α4β2 receptors has been reported cortex (CTX), hippocampus (HP) and thalamus (TH) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using the PET tracer, 18F-nifene, our goals are to evaluate: 1. α4β2 receptors in transgenic mouse models of AD of β-amyloid plaques (Tg2576) and models of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (3xTg, triple-transgenic); 2. Binding at different ages of the 3xTg transgenic mice. Results may provide evidence on the role of α4β2 receptor function in transgenic AD models. Methods: 18F-Nifene was prepared as described in earlier studies. Two AD transgenic mice models were used: Tg2576 (15 mo) and 3xTg triple transgenic (1, 2, 15 and 18 mo old). Whole brain sagittal sections (10 μm thick) were obtained from the Tg mice and wild-type (WT) mice of comparable age. Brain sections were treated with 18F-nifene with concentrations ∼3µCi/cc. The sections were incubated for 60 min at 37 oC, washed (2×2 min cold buffer, water rinse), air dried and exposed to phosphor screens. Nonspecific binding was measured in the presence of 300µM of nicotine. Binding was determined by autoradiograms analyzed by OptiQuant Image Analysis Software. Adjacent mice brain sections were also immunostained with Aβ42 antibody and thioflavin to confirm presence of β-amyloid plaques. Results: Majority of the old transgenic mice brains displayed a significant decrease in total binding of 18F-nifene. Ratios of TH to cerebellum (CB) in the 15mo-18mo 3xTg and Tg2576 models showed >90% loss of 18F-nifene compared to the 18 mo WT (Th/Cb= 15 in WT; 1 in Tg mice, 15-18 mo). Similar losses occurred in other brain regions (HP, CTX). Presence of β-amyloid plaques in these mice sections (HP, CTX and other brain regions) was confirmed with immunostaining and thioflavin. The younger transgenic models (1 and 2 mo) did not show a signifcant loss in 18F-nifene binding in the TH. Conclusions: Results indicate significant loss of 18F-nifene binding in the older mice of two Tg models. The loss may be due to the blockade/conformational change of α4β2 receptors by β-amyloid plaques/tangles in the transgenic mice models. Use of 18F-nifrolene, an α4β2 antagonist, in Tg mice is underway to evaluate differences between agonist and antagonist binding.
Localized and Propagating Modes on Coupled Nanoridge Array Metasurfaces

Arrays of coupled nanorod are fabricated and characterized via wavelength-dependent ellipsometry. Coupling between nanoridges, controlled by the nanoridge spacing, alters the modal dispersion.
A Medical Legal Curriculum for Residents to Increase Physician Comfort in Patient Interactions (P2.9-013)

Objective: To create a medical legal curriculum instructing resident physicians how to 1) understand malpractice law 2) recognize and manage medical errors 3) more effectively and compassionately communicate 4) obtain informed consent and 5) utilize resources available for physicians. Background: Medical ethics has become a requirement of medical education; however, medical law is not required and is a gap in current residency training. In order for residents to develop into well-rounded, successful physicians, a medical law background is essential to better prepare for the multitude of difficult situations that arise to better serve patients. Design/Methods: The curriculum was created in multidisciplinary approach with Stanford’s risk-management department. Residents completed pre and post session surveys to assess their comfort and knowledge with medical legal issues. Results: Pre and post session surveys were completed by internal medicine (n=23) and neurology (n=13) residents. Before the initial session, the majority of residents rated their comfort level regarding the basic concepts of medical law, as well as their comfort regarding handling unanticipated outcomes, as “poor” or “fair” (78%, 18/23, SE 0.09 for both). Following the session, the majority of residents “agree” or “strongly agree” that they were more comfortable with malpractice law (73%, 16/22, SE 0.09), that they learned new ways to handle unexpected outcomes (82%, 18/22, SE 0.08). They also felt more comfortable mitigating risk in their own daily practice (77%, 17/22, SE 0.09). A large majority would want the lecture next year and would recommend the curriculum to colleagues (91%, 20/22, SE 0.06 for both). Conclusions: A formal education curriculum allows residents to ask questions and learn strategies on how to navigate the medical legal system in a low-pressure practice environment. We plan on further developing this curriculum as well as expanding to other specialties. Disclosure: Dr. Therkelsen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yang has received research support from Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Michael J. Fox Foundation, Udall, Biogen.
Inner and outer retinal pathways both contribute to surround inhibition of salamander ganglion cells

Illumination of the receptive-field surround reduces the sensitivity of a retinal ganglion cell to centre illumination. The steady, antagonistic receptive-field surround of retinal ganglion cells is classically attributed to the signalling of horizontal cells in the outer plexiform layer (OPL). However, amacrine cell signalling in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) also contributes to the steady receptive-field surround of the ganglion cell. We examined the contributions of these two forms of presynaptic lateral inhibition to ganglion cell light sensitivity by measuring the effects of surround illumination on EPSCs evoked by centre illumination. GABAC receptor antagonists reduced inhibition attributed to dim surround illumination, suggesting that this inhibition was mediated by signalling to bipolar cell axon terminals. Brighter surround illumination further reduced the light sensitivity of the ganglion cell. The bright surround effects on the EPSCs were insensitive to GABA receptor blockers. Perturbing outer retinal signalling with either carbenoxolone or cobalt blocked the effects of the bright surround illumination, but not the effects of dim surround illumination. We found that the light sensitivities of presynaptic, inhibitory pathways in the IPL and OPL were different. GABAC receptor blockers reduced dim surround inhibition, suggesting it was mediated in the IPL. By contrast, carbenoxolone and cobalt reduced bright surround, suggesting it was mediated by horizontal cells in the OPL. Direct amacrine cell input to ganglion cells, mediated by GABAA receptors, comprised another surround pathway that was most effectively activated by bright illumination. Our results suggest that surround activation of lateral pathways in the IPL and OPL differently modulate the sensitivity of the ganglion cell to centre illumination.
Acetylcholine receptor-like molecules are found in both synaptic and extrasynaptic clusters on the surface of neurons in the frog cardiac ganglion.

Sixty monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) made against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) from electric organ were tested for their ability to cross-react at synaptic sites in the frog cardiac ganglion, where transmission is mediated by ACh via nicotinic receptors. Forty-one of the mAbs tested were known to bind to AChRs in frog skeletal muscle (Sargent et al., 1984). As determined by double-label immunofluorescence microscopy, 8 of the 60 mAbs bound to small, punctate sites that lay within areas of synaptic contact, marked by an anti-synaptic vesicle antibody. One of the 8 cross-reacting antibodies that produced particularly intense staining (mAb 22) was chosen for further study and was found to bind to the postsynaptic membrane beneath active zones, as determined by peroxidase immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. This suggests that mAb 22 crossreacts with AChRs on the ganglion cell surface. While most mAb 22 immunoreactivity was located in the postsynaptic membrane, about 20% of the peroxidase- stained patches were extrasynaptic (327 patches analyzed from 8 ganglia). Virtually no peroxidase-stained patches were observed when an isotype-matched control mAb was used in place of mAb 22. In frog skeletal muscle peroxidase-stained patches obtained with mAb 22 were found exclusively at synaptic sites (179 patches examined from 6 muscles). These results suggest that extrasynaptic patches of AChRs are present in innervated autonomic neurons but not in innervated skeletal muscle.
Malignancies in adolescents

DOLESCENCE is the period during which children approach complete growth and maturity. Physical and sexual changes are occurring simultaneously with cognitive, emotional, social and cultural changes. The major developmental tasks of adolescence include establishing a stable identity, intimacy with people other than parents, ego integrity or acceptance of other’s life-styles, and future vocational or educational goals. The impact of a chronic illness may affect the developmental tasks of the adolescent. Thus, professionals caring for the adolescent with cancer must also keep in mind the normal developmental tasks the adolescent must achieve in order to reach normal adulthood and maturity. Health care for the adolescent ( 11 to 17 years of age) is not as well-defined as it is for younger children or adults. Frequently, the adolescent cancer patient is caught between childhood and adulthood within the health care system. Many pediatric departments treat patients up to the age of 1.5 or 16 years. Older adolescents are commonly cared for by adult medical/surgical departments. Yet, the American Academy of Pediatrics defines the specialty to include all people up to the age of 2 I years. This article reviews the common malignancies that occur during the adolescent period and provides a framework within which the practitioner can differentiate among the oncologic diseases of early childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. The major malignancies of adolescence are acute leukemia, lymphomas, bone tumors, and tumors of the central nervous system. The majority of these cancers found in adolescence are responsive to conventional treatment modalities. A significant number of these young people will be successfully treated and eventually cured of their disease.
Quantitative gamma-ray spectroscopy of 237–239Np

Accurate assays of radioactive materials by gamma-ray spectroscopy depend on many factors, the most obvious being accurate gamma-ray intensities. We have used radiochemical methods to prepare pure samples of actinides. One portion of each of these samples was used to measure disintegration rates (generally by liquid scintillation counting), and the remainder was used to obtain count rates of specific gamma-rays in a well-characterized HPGe spectrometer. These methods are illustrated by results from studies of neptunium isotopes 237, 238, and 239.