cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-administered sample collection for screening of sexually transmitted infection among reservation-based American Indian youth

American Indians suffer a disproportionate burden of sexually transmitted infection, particularly adolescents. Screening access barriers in rural and reservation-based communities necessitate alternatives to clinic-based options. Self-administered screening for three sexually transmitted infections was piloted among 32 American Indian adolescents aged 18 to 19. Participants self-collected in a private location; specimens were processed by trained, American Indian paraprofessionals and analysis was conducted by an outside laboratory. Participants testing positive were treated by a Public Health Nurse from the Indian Health Service. Results suggest high overall acceptability: 69% preferred a self-administered method over clinic-based screening, 75% would encourage their friends to use this method and 100% would use it again. A self-administered screening method has the ability to reach this and other high-risk populations that might not otherwise access screening, with added potential within the Indian Health Services system for uptake and dissemination in rural, reservation communities facing significant screening barriers.
Oates's Where are you Going, Where Have you Been?

(1999). Oates's Where are you Going, Where Have you Been? The Explicator: Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 179-181.
Fluidic Deformation Under Hypervelocity Impacts

The increased frequency of exploration into space has caused a dramatic rise in the density of debris in orbit. Orbital debris, both natural and man-made, poses an extreme impact risk to satellites and spacecraft. The relative velocities between orbital components and debris can exceed thousands of meters per second, giving rise to immense kinetic energies even for small objects. In such a hypervelocity impact event, the shock pressures exceed the strength of common aerospace materials, and brief shock-induced temperature rises cause melting and vaporization of most structural bodies. Under these extreme conditions, the failure and deformation of solids can resemble fluid flow. By using meshless Lagrangian models in an explicit computational framework, this work identifies analogous fluidic interactions and further quantifies the role of shear and inertial forces in hypervelocity impacts (HVI).© 2014 ASME
Management of ductal carcinoma in situ

The increased use of screening mammography in the past two decades has led to a marked increase in the number of patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ. Treatment has traditionally involved mastectomy, but this approach has come under increasing scrutiny, and the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ has become one the most controversial areas in the field of breast disease. This article reviews current concepts regarding the diagnosis, natural history, and treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ.
Platelet calcium transport in hypertension

To determine platelet Ca2+ transport entities involved in increased cytosolic Ca2+ in the platelets of hypertensive individuals, we studied the relations between blood pressure and Ca2+ transporters in platelet membranes from 22 white male volunteers 32 to 68 years old. We used thapsigargin, a specific inhibitor of the internal membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase, to differentiate between plasma membrane and internal membrane Ca(2+)-ATPases. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated and Ca2+ ionophore (A23187)-induced Ca2+ release was also assayed in membrane preparations using rhod-2, a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator. Levels of glycoprotein IIIa, a possible component of agonist-mediated Ca2+ influx, were measured by immunoblotting. The results show that plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase is decreased as a function of diastolic blood pressure (P < .002), whereas the internal membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase is not (P < .148). Neither activity is correlated with age or systolic blood pressure. However, inositol trisphosphate-mediated Ca2+ release is negatively correlated with age (P < .024) but not blood pressure. Glycoprotein IIIa levels and A23187-induced Ca2+ release were not related to age or blood pressure, demonstrating that inhibition of the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase was not a result of differences in the proportion of plasma membrane in the preparation or differences in intravesicular Ca2+ concentration. Inhibition of the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase could directly cause elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ and enhancement of platelet sensitivity.
The Confessions of a Methodological Individualist

Wertsch's 'mediated action' approach is complemented with a version of 'methodological individualism' (the preference/ constraint approach) which allows researchers to avoid the exclusive separatio...
Knowledge‐based digital mapping of vegetation types in Big Bend National park, Texas

Abstract A knowledge‐based strategy is utilized to develop a model for performing automated mapping of twenty vegetation cover types occurring within Big Bend National P ark, Texas. Many of the cover types found within this desert region cannot be reliably identified solely on a spectral basis, even on large‐scale, aircraft‐borne color imagery. Positive identification may be improved, however, by incorporating additional spatial information that may distinguish given cover types on a non‐spectral basis. In this study, digital soils and digital terrain data are utilized with spectral imagery from Landsat Thematic Mapper. This knowledge‐based strategy is comprised of three primary elements: knowledge acquisition, rules development, and model structuring. Knowledge acquisition identifies the vegetation composition and non‐vegetative site characteristics associated with the occurrence of each cover type. Rules development compares and contrasts these characteristics among pairs of cover types and their subset...
Cocaine and regional brain monoamines in mice.

Abstract Cocaine HCl (0, 10, or 50 mg/kg) was injected into adult male ICR mice IP. Thirty minutes later, brains were removed and nine regions were isolated: olfactory bulbs (OB), olfactory tubercles (OT), prefrontal cortex (PC), septum (SP), striatum (ST), amygdala (AMY), hypothalamus (HT), hippocampus (HC), and thalamus (TH). Using high-performance liquid chromatography, concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and their major metabolites were determined. At 10 mg/kg cocaine, NE levels were increased in the AMY and its metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), was decreased in the PC, AMY, and HT. DA levels were also increased in the AMY, while its intracellulat metabolite, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), was decreased in the ST and its extracellular metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA), was decreased in the PC. 3-Methoxytyramine (3-MT) levels were not altered in any tissue. 5-HT levels were increased in the AMY, HT, and TH, while its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) was decreased in the OB and ST. MHPG/NE ratios were decreased in the PC, AMY, and HT as were those for HVA/DA. DOPAC/DA ratios were decreased in the ST and AMY and increased in the SP while those for 3-MT/DA were decreased in the TH and increased in the PC. 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios were decreased in the AMY, HC and TH. At 50 mg/kg cocaine, there was an increase in DA in the TH. There was a decrease in DOPAC, HVA, and 3-MT, as well as the DOPAC/DA ratio in the ST. In the OT, there was a decrease in DOPAC, the DOPAC/DA ratio, 3-MT, and the 3-MT/DA ratio. HVA was increased in the TH. There was a decrease in 5-HIAA in the ST, HT, and TH. The 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio was decreased in the OT, PC, ST, AMY, HT, and TH.
Bercovici receives Macelwane Medal

The James B. Macelwane Medal, which is given for significant contributions to the geophysical sciences by a young scientist of outstanding ability, was presented to David Bercovici at the 1996 Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony on December 17, 1996, in San Francisco. The award citation and Bercovici's response are given here.
The projection of occipital cortex to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

Abstract Large lesions were made in the occipital cortex of rhesus monkeys and the subsequent degeneration in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus was analyzed with the Fink-Heimer technique. Evidence was found for both anterograde and retrograde degeneration in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Moderately dense pericellular and terminal degeneration was found in all layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. In addition, in all layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, some cells undergoing retrograde degeneration exhibited a Fink-Heimer positive argyrophilia that was interpreted as being different from the argyrophilia associated with anterograde degeneration. It is concluded that the occipital cortex projects to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the rhesus monkey. These results are consistent with the reports for other primate and nonprimate species that show a direct projection from the occipital cortex to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus.
Evaluation of fungicides for Haliphthoros milfordensis and their toxicity to juvenile European lobsters

Abstract Twenty-two potentially fungitoxic compounds were evaluated for their in vitro inhibition of the mycelial growth of Haliphthoros milfordensis . Chemicals with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 ppm or less were further tested for toxicity to juvenile European lobsters. Of these compounds, malachite green and Furanace had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations at 0.25 and 2.5 ppm respectively. Acriflavine, crystal violet, methylene blue, nifuroxime, butyl paraben and chloroxine were inhibitory to the fungus at a concentration of 10 ppm. Dip and swab applications were tested to assess in vivo toxicity to lobsters of the effective chemicals.
A Typology of Informal Communication Controls

This essay examines methods employed by governments to suppress news deemed undesirable, when such suppression must be accomplished quietly and quickly. In addition to formal, official means of censorship, which include government regulations, court actions and similarly public communication limitations, there are also informal, clandestine techniques. Seven such restrictions include 1) preemptive leaks, 2) cover‐ups, 3) violations of due process, 4) persuasion, 5) retaliation, 6) limitations on freedom of information legislation, and 7) establishment mentality.
Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Fish Gelatin

: The physicochemical differences between pork and fish gelatin and the effect of melting point on the sensory characteristics of a gelatin-water gel were investigated. Gelatin gel strength (measured as Bloom) and melting point of gelatin gels were measured, and quantitative descriptive analysis sensory tests were performed. The dependence of the gelatin gel strength and the melting point of fish gels on gel concentration, maturation time, maturation temperature, pH, and the influence of NaCl and sucrose were similar to those for pork gelatin. The flavored fish gelatin dessert gel product had less undesirable off-flavor and off-odor and a more desirable release of flavor and aroma than the same product made with an equal Bloom, but higher melting point, pork gelatin.
Mechanisms through which drug, sex partner, and friendship network characteristics relate to risky needle use among high risk youth and young adults

Drug injector social networks are a primary social space in which risky needle use behaviors associated with HIV transmission occur, but the mechanisms through which these social networks influence risky needle use are unclear. This study investigated two mechanisms, social support and social regulation, through which injection drug users' social networks might relate to risky needle use behaviors. We investigated how these mechanisms work in three types of social networks, namely, drug user, sex partner, and friendship networks. Data are from a study of HIV risk and protective behaviors of youth and young adults, ages 14-43, in the United States who were injection drug users and/or the sexual partners of users (N = 277). The three types of networks were constructed based on information respondents provided about their drug use partners, sexual partners, and friends. The networks were characterized by structural (i.e., size and density) and interactional (i.e., multiplexity and closeness) characteristics. We conducted tests for mediation using ordered probit models and multiple linear regression. In the drug networks, social regulation partially meditated the relationship between multiplexity and risky needle use (p<.10). In the sex partner networks, emotional support partially mediated the relationship between network size and risky needle use (p<.001), fully mediated the relationship between network closeness and risky needle use (p<.001), and partially mediated the relationship between multiplexity and risky needle use (p<.01). Mediators were not identified in the friendship networks. The findings demonstrate that network mechanisms explaining risky needle use differ for drug user and sex partner networks in ways consistent with the functional nature of each type of network tie.
Laboratory measurement of fine-grained soil fluid conductivity

Abstract Advective fluid flow, which depends directly on hydraulic conductivity, controls contaminant migration through soils in many cases. The state of practice in laboratory measurements of hydraulic conductivity of soils was reviewed and found to be extremely variable, with the result that measurements on a given soil material often give variations of several orders of magnitude. An experimental program was completed using compacted clay soils to study several facets of laboratory testing practice, and a suitable test procedure for consistent results was developed. Recommendations on several important aspects of procedure are presented.
Solitude: Potential Gift, Danger or Both: Commentary on Paper by Danielle Knafo

This discussion lauds the main thrust of Dr. Knafo's paper, which is the crucially important, and too often neglected, role of solitude in the fullest development of self. Questions are raised rega...
Geovisual analytics and the science of interaction: an empirical interaction study

Among the most pressing research and development challenges facing geovisual analytics is the establishment of a science of interaction to inform the design of visual interfaces to computational me...
High Density High Velocity Plasma Jets Interaction

Summary form only given. High-density, high Mach number plasma jets have many important applications for high energy density physics (HEDP) as well as for astrophysics. Interaction and merging of plasma jets were studied and compared using the LSP code for a wide range of parameters (density 1012~1018 cm-3 , temperature 1-10 eV, jet velocity 10-1000 km/s, collision angle 30deg-120deg). Different merging regimes were observed. Plasma density and collision angle of the jets are crucial parameters which determine the interaction dynamics. Well focused merged plasma jets were obtained for relatively low densities and velocities of jets. High turbulent plasma flows were observed for higher densities. Higher jet velocity leaded to an asymmetrical twisting flow. The behavior of plasma jets was also compared with interaction of neutral gas jets. The 3D/2D particle LSP code was used for comprehensive analysis of interaction dynamics of the plasma jets.
Utilization of Nitrogen from Soybean Meal, Casein, Zein, and Urea by Mature Sheep

The utilization of nitrogen contained in soybean meal, casein, zein, and urea was studied in 12 mature wethers. Net microbial synthesis rates during the 6-hour period after feeding corresponded to ruminai ammonia concentrations, suggesting that the ruminai ammonia level in these experiments was a limiting factor in microbial protein synthesis. Maximum conversion of dietary nitrogen to microbial nitrogen in the rumen during a 24-hour period was estimated to be 62.5, 85.3, 40.9, and 90.1%, respec tively, for soybean meal, casein, zein, and urea. Estimated production rates of acetic, pro- pionic, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids during the first 6 hours after feeding suggested that zein supported the lowest microbial activity in the rumen, and that urea supplemen tation resulted in isovaleric and valeric acids production rates equivalent to or greater than rates when the other nitrogen supplements were present in the diet. Daily endoge nous urinary and metabolic fecal nitrogen determined by regression analysis utilizing soybean meal as the only nitrogen supplement were 72 mg/kg body weight075 and 340 mg/100 g of dry matter intake. Biological values of 84.8, 78.3, 84.3, and 76.4 were ob tained for soybean meal, casein, zein, and urea, respectively. J. Nutr. 105: 267-273, 1975.
Defective Alloreactive CD8 T Cell Function and Memory Response in Allograft Recipients in the Absence of CD4 Help

We have shown that alloreactive CD8 T cell activation may proceed via CD4-dependent and CD4-independent pathways, and that CD8 T cell activation in Ag-primed animals is independent of CD154 costimulation. In this report, we further analyzed the activation and function of alloreactive CD8 CTL effectors in CD4 knockout (KO) skin/cardiac allograft recipients. FACS analysis showed that alloreactive CD8 T cells were activated at a significantly reduced level in CD4 KO mice. Importantly, these helpless CD8 T cells failed to develop CD154 blockade resistance following reactivation by the same alloantigen, indicative of defective memory formation. Only transient CD4 help was required, as short-term CD4 blockade at the time of first skin graft challenge only delayed alloreactive CD8 activation, without affecting the CD8 T cell memory response to a second skin graft. Moreover, postoperative CD4 blockade had no effect on alloreactive CD8 activation. Alloreactive CD8 cells generated in the absence of CD4 help exhibited decreased effector responses. Interestingly, intragraft induction of T cell-targeted chemokines early after transplant was also dependent on CD4 help, as the induction kinetics of CXCL9 and CCL5 in CD4 KO recipients was significantly delayed, coupled with similarly delayed infiltration by CD3/CD8 cells. Remarkably, helpless CD8 cells ultimately entering the graft still displayed significantly diminished T cell effector molecules (IFN-gamma, granzyme B). Thus, CD4 help is critical for alloreactive CD8 activation, function, and memory formation.
Amprenavir: a new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor.

Abstract Objective This paper reviews the pharmacologic properties and clinical usefulness of amprenavir, a new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor. Background Amprenavir, the most recent HIV-1 protease inhibitor to receive marketing approval from the US Food and Drug Administration, is a potent competitive inhibitor of HIV-1 protease and a relatively weak inhibitor of HIV-2 protease. Inhibition of the HIV-1 protease enzyme results in immature and noninfectious viral particles Amprenavir is rapidly absorbed following oral administration. The time to peak concentration (T max ) in adults is between 1 and 2 hours, the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve is roughly proportional to the dose, the half-life is ~8 hours, and the volume of distribution is ~430 L. The T max in children 4 to 12 years of age is between 1.1 and 1.4 hours. The bioavailability of the solution is 86% relative to the capsule formulation. It is metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 isozyme CYP3A4 and to a lesser extent by CYP2D6 and CYP2C9. Methods We searched MEDLINE ® (1966 to January 2000), AIDSLINE ® (1980 to January 2000), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970 to January 2000), PharmaProjects (January 2000 version), and Web sites of major HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome conferences for appropnate published references (1996 to February 2000). Results Data reported to date indicate that amprenavir is efficacious in the treatment of HIV disease in patients with primary HIV infection, antiretroviral-naive patients, protease inhibitor-naive patients, protease inhibitor-experienced patients, and pediatric patients. Adverse effects were usually of early onset (range, 2 to 21 days) and transient (range, 3 to 46 days), although the incidence of metabolic abnormalities such as lipodystrophy, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus has not yet been defined. Amprenavir should be avoided in patients with a known sulfonamide allergy. Concomitant use of other medications that are CYP3A4 inducers or inhibitors should be done cautiously and only if the potential benefit clearly outweighs potential risk. The dose should be reduced in patients with significant hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score, ≥5). Amprenavir probably should not be administered with rifabutin, rifampin, astemizole, midazolam, tnazolam, bepridil, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, or cisapride. The recommended adult dose is 1200 mg twice daily. For patients between 4 and 12 years of age or between 13 and 16 years of age who weigh 67 g fat) should be avoided. Conclusions Published clinical data are limited, but amprenavir appears to be efficacious and generally well tolerated in patients with HIV infection. Pharmacoeconomic data are not yet available. The introduction of amprenavir appears to be important, since it provides an additional treatment option as a component of both initial and salvage combination therapies for patients with HIV.
China in Transition: A Travel Memoir, May-June, 1984

Basic to an understanding of China is the fact that it is a Third World nation. The country is clearly very poor. Eighty percent of the population is rural and a large number of the urban dwellers are engaged in low-status, unskilled jobs. There are many involved in trade and selling for artisans and small shop-keepers. While there, I was on occasion surrounded by peddlers, including children, imploring me to buy trinkets and other small items. The most common form of transportation, by far, is the bicycle. It is omnipresent, particularly in the cities. People ride bikes everywhere. During the times when people are going to or coming from work, it is often hard to pass because of the density of bike-riders. On the roads between the cities, every form of transportation known to the human race may be seen with the exception of the rickshaw. Since the rickshaw is symbolically associated with exploitation in pre-Communist days, it is now outlawed. The current range of road transportation varies from Mercedes to women pulling carts with ropes around their necks, as well as wagons pulled by donkeys or water buffalo. There are few machines in the countryside. Tractors, other than one horse-power ones, are quite rare. The rural areas frequently offer a sight portrayed in many classic Chinese pictures, hundreds of peasants in the fields working by hand transplanting rice and doing other tasks. While there are many large rice fields, tiny plots of land are also common. It seems as if almost every inch of land that can possibly be farmed is, including cleared areas going up steep mountainsides. Among other crops, wheat is grown on these small mountainside plots. The contrast between these tiny hand-tilled fields and the vast, mechanized wheat farms of North Dakota or Saskatchewan is depressing.
Fibrinogen adsorption onto macroporous polymeric surfaces: correlation with biocompatibility aspects.

The present work focus on the adsorption of fibrinogen (Fgn) on to the semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-acrylonitrile) and attempts to correlate the adsorption behaviour of proteins to the blood compatible aspects of the polymeric surfaces. The semi-IPNs were prepared by copolymerizing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile in the presence of PEG and a crosslinker ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). The prepared spongy gels were characterized by FTIR and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) for structural and morphological analysis. The prepared semi IPNs were studied for their water sorption capacity and the data were utilized to evaluate network parameters such as average molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc) and crosslink density (q). The adsorption of Fgn was carried out on to the prepared polymeric matrices and static and dynamic aspects of the adsorption process were investigated. The adsorption process was also studied as a function of pH and ionic strength of the protein solution and chemical architecture of the semi IPN. The antithrombogenic properties of the IPN’s were also judged and correlated with water sorption and protein adsorption findings.
Detection and filtering Spam over Internet Telephony — a user-behavior-aware intermediate-network-based approach

VoIP applications have gained popularity due to largely reduced cost and wider range of advanced services, as compared to traditional telephone networks. However, SPIT (Spam over Internet Telephony), known as unsolicited bulk calls sent via VoIP networks, is becoming a major problem that would undermine the usability of VoIP. Unlike detection and filtering of e-mail spam, countermeasures against SPIT face great challenges on how to identify and filter SPIT in real time. In this paper, a user-behavior-aware anti-SPIT technique implemented at the router level for detecting and filtering SPIT is proposed. The rationale for the technique is that voice spammers behave significantly different from legitimate callers because of their revenue-driven motivations. The technique defines and combines three features developed from user behavior analyses to detect and filter spam calls. Compared to existing SPIT defending techniques, it is simple, fast and effective. Other advantages of our approach are that it is applicable for detecting and filtering both machine-initiated and human-initiated spam calls, better protects VoIP calls against sybil attacks and spammer behavior changes.
The 15N(d, n)16O reaction and states in 16O

Abstract Bombardment of a gaseous 15 N target with deuterons has given absolute differential cross sections for the 15 N(d, n) 16 O reaction. Complete angular distributions, taken from 0° to 150° (lab) at 4.83 and 5.84 MeV bombarding energy were analyzed with a combination of DI and CN computer programs to derive l p values and spectroscopic factors. Yield curves taken at an angle of 10° with 0.5 MeV steps from 2.5 MeV to 6.0 MeV have also been analyzed with this combination of computer programs to give energy-averaged spectroscopic factors. The states observed and the l p values are generally in agreement with those from previous (τ, d) experiments. The present results disagree with them, however, on summed strengths. Whereas the (τ, d) strengths essentially fulfill the sum-rule expectations for both the T = 0 and T = 1 components of the 2 s 1 2 and 1 d 5 2 configurations in the observed states the (d, n) results do not, thereby implying greater spreading of the strength. We observe the following fractions of the sum rule values: (2 s 1 2 T = 0): 0.48; (2 s 1 2 , T = 1): 0.60; (1 d 5 2 , T = 0): 0.91; and (1 d 5 2 , T = 1): 0.61 . There is no T -dependence of the (d, n) and (τ, d) differences. These differences, as well as averages from all experiments are compared with shell-model calculations, and these results infer greater spreading of 2 s 1 2 strength than models show. To aid in discussing transition strengths we define and use a new “fractional transfer strength” which takes the value unity for any single-particle transfer.
Basal cell carcinoma in seborrheic keratosis

The development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in seborrheic keratosis (SK) is rare. Review of over 10,000 biopsies from SK revealed fourteen such cases. The material showed BCC in direct connection with the epidermis of the SK in eleven cases. In three cases the BCC was situated in the reticular dermis. A lesion with the clinical features of SK should be examined histologically when it appears inflamed, when it bleeds, or when it is crusted, eroded, or ulcerated.
Organization of visual cortex in the mouse revealed by correlating callosal and striate-extrastriate connections

In this study, we have investigated the organization of mouse visual cortex by correlating in detail the distribution of striate-extrastriate projections with the pattern of callosal connections revealed by the transport of horseradish peroxidase from the contralateral hemisphere. Single injections of 3H-proline into striate cortex produce 8–9 discrete projection fields in the belt of cortex surrounding area 17. The number and arrangement of these fields closely resemble the pattern of extrastriate visual areas in the rat. The callosal pattern is also very similar to that in the rat, and provides a set of landmarks for the location of the striate-recipient zones. Thus, cortical regions containing dense aggregations of callosal cells and terminations surround totally or partially the sparsely callosal striate-recipient zones. By comparing our results with previous accounts of the rat visual plan, we were able to identify in lateral extrastriate cortex of the mouse areas anterolateral (AL), lateromedial (LM), laterointermediate (LI), laterolateral (LL), posterolateral (PL), and posterior (P). We also observed 1–2 projections fields into anteromedial (AM) extrastriate cortex, and one field (S) into the posteromedial border of the head representation in primary somatosensory cortex. Our results support the notions that the visual cortex in the mouse is subdivided into multiple visual areas, and that these areas are arranged according to a plan that is common in rodents.
The diagnosis and management of endocrine tumors causing hypertension in children.

: In contrast to that in adults, hypertension in children is frequently amenable to surgical therapy. With advancing techniques in imaging, surgery, and anesthesia, the outcomes of surgery are excellent for children with endocrine tumors causing hypertension.
Synthesis of platinum nanoclusters and electrochemical investigation of their stability

Abstract Platinum nanoclusters were synthesized using two methods: (a) ascorbic acid reduction of K 2 PtCl 4 , (b) an H 2 PtCl 6 polyol process. Both processes yield clusters of platinum consisting of nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution. Experiments were conducted using platinum nanoclusters as the working electrode and bulk platinum wire as the counter electrode, both supported on inert, electronically conducting substrates. The electrodes were immersed in a PtCl 4 + dimethyl sulfoxide electrolyte solution. The spacing between the electrodes was maintained at 1 mm or 6 mm. Electrical potential was measured across the two electrodes as a function of time. The samples (scraped off the nano-electrode) were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Experimental data show significantly lower kinetics of particle growth for the nanoclustered, uniformly sized particles as compared to commercially available carbon-supported platinum catalysts.
An economic model to value companion diagnostics in non-small-cell lung cancer

Aim: An economic model was used to evaluate the potential economic impact and cost–effectiveness of companion diagnostic testing for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials & methods: A decision analysis model examined alternative patient management strategies for patients with advanced NSCLC who were not amenable to surgical treatment. A review of the literature provided the variables used to develop a timely base case and sensitivity analysis. A potential future scenario was also modeled. The model includes three options: conventional treatment (CT), new treatment (NT) and companion diagnostic (CD) strategy. Results: In the base case analysis based upon current data, the cost per life-year saved for CT, NT option and CD was US$43,367, US$47,394 and US$47,779, respectively. The cost per life-year saved for CT, NT option and CD in a potential future scenario with more expensive, effective targeted therapy was US$47,748, US$69,255 and US$66,369, respectively. Conclusion: In the future s...
Enhance The Study Of Accounting With Those Negative Headlines

The following treatise offers the argument that Enron and like scandals represent an opportunity to serve the profession by exciting our students, dispelling the stereotypes, elevating theoretical objectives above statistical sampling, catapulting accountants into a more symbiotic relationship with managers, expanding the career paths of accountants, and providing a springboard for improved teaching.
Management of rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy: challenges and solutions

Rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with significant physical disability, affects women three times more frequently than men, often in their childbearing years. Parenthood decisions can be challenging, often affected by perceptions of their disease state, health care needs, and complex pharmacological treatments. Many women struggle to find adequate information to guide them on pregnancy planning, lactation, and early parenting in relation to their chronic condition. The expanded availability and choice of pharmacotherapies have supported optimal disease control prior to conception and enhanced physical capabilities for women to successfully overcome the challenges of raising children but require a detailed understanding of their risks and safety in the setting of pregnancy and breastfeeding. This review outlines the various situational challenges faced by rheumatologists in providing care to men and women in the reproductive age group interested in starting a family. Up to date evidence-based solutions particularly focusing on the safe use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologic response modifiers to assist rheumatologists in the care of pregnant and lactating women with RA are reviewed.
Growth of HeLa cells in human adult and bovine fetal serum medium.

SummaryHeLa cells cultivated in amino acid-vitamin medium supplemented with human adult and bovine fetal serum grew exponentially during 5 days of incubation in unchanged medium from 48 hours after inoculation of cultures. Change in growth rate was associated with change in viability and median cell volume. Colonial cultures grown in mixed and single-serum mediums exhibited differing effects on median cell volume, plating efficiency and cell yield per viable inoculated cell, and on cellular and colonial morphology.
A discrete momentum-conserving explicit algorithm for multibody dynamics analysis

A discrete momentum-conserving, explicit time integration is presented. The accurate feature and simplicity of the present algorithm are realized by a mid-point implicit formula for integrating the Euler parameters and a second-order discrete momentum-conserving form of the central difference algorithm, respectively. The accuracy and robustness of the algorithm is demonstrated by example problems which exhibit large overall rigid motions under holonomic constraints.
Analysis on Pulse Output for RD-33-233 in High Current Condition

Pulse outputs of RD-33-233 in high current condition are recorded and detailed analysis is achieved for abnormal phenomena.Output pulses of RD-33-233 are shaped and high-level voltage is improved by the connection of Schmitt shaping circuit.As a result the problem of pulse output of RD-33-233 is resolved and the automatic checking of energy meters is achieved.
An application of discriminant functions to the problem of predicting brain damage using behavioral variables.

Discriminant functions were applied to 24 behavioral indices from each of 140 individuals tested in the Neuropsychology Laboratory, Indiana University Medical Center. The scores came from 11 Wechsl...
Cerebellar Mutism in Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

Researchers at a pediatric multiple sclerosis clinic, the Neurological Institute, Buffalo General Hospital, New York, report six (32%) of 19 patients diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (2005-9) who had protracted speech and language deficits and 3 having cerebellar mutism after follow-up from 6 months to 4 years.
Suppletive (?) tonal alternations in Munken

The Munken dialect of Mungbam (ISO mij; Benue-Congo, Cameroon) employs tone lexically and gramatically, contrasting four level tones as well as contours. Noun stems undergo tonal alternations conditioned by the tone of a following possessive pronoun. For some of these alternations it is not obvious that they represent a phonetically natural allophonic process. Furthermore, similar alternations are not observed outside of the possessive construction. If the alternation is suppletive, then Munken would represent a case of phonologically conditioned suppletive allomorphy (PCSA). Tonally conditioned PCSA is only rarely reported, and until now not for any African language.
Premalignant Oral Lesion Cells Elicit Increased Cytokine Production and Activation of T-cells.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are known to evade the host immune response. How premalignant oral lesions modulate the immune response, however, has yet to be elucidated. Materials and Methods: A mouse model of oral carcinogenesis was used to determine how mediators from premalignant oral lesion cells vs. HNSCC cells impact on immune cytokine production and activation. Results: Media conditioned by premalignant lesion cells elicited an increased production of T cell-associated cytokines and proinflammatory mediators from cervical lymph node cells compared to media conditioned by HNSCC cells or media alone. In the presence of premalignant lesion cell-conditioned media, CD4+ T cell expression of the IL-2 receptor CD25 and CD8+ T cell expression of the activation marker CD69 was greater, compared to what was induced in HNSCC cell-conditioned media or media alone. Conclusion: Premalignant lesion cells promote a proinflammatory environment and induce immune changes before HNSCC tumors are established.
Combined Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Absorptive Hypercalciuria: Clinical Implications

Primary hyperparathyroidism accounts for five % of kidney stones. This is our experience as well as that of others. Absorptive hypercalciuria, characterized by excessive intestinal absorption of calcium, is present in 45% of stone formers. It should not be surprising that these two common causes of nephrolithiasis may occasionally occur together. In this report, we describe five patients who presented with combined primary hyperparathyroidism and absorptive hypercalciuria. It will be shown that when these disorders occur together, there are important implications both before and after parathyroidectomy.
Sex, Love, and Black Lives

SEX, LOVE, AND BLACK LIVES Mack Curry IV Old Dominion University, 2016 Director: Professor Timothy Seibles The title of my thesis is Sex, Love, and Black Lives. This title embodies the three prominent aspects of my life: intimacy, relationships, and being black in America. These subjects are important to me because they influence a lot of my writing. They have also made played a key role in shaping me into the person I am today. Section one will focus on my sexual experiences, section two will focus on romantic and platonic relationships I’ve had, and section three will focus on my perspective of being black in America. Writing about my various thoughts and opinions allowed me to express myself in a way that I did not do with my parents. Writing about my sexual experiences also allows me to reflect on how each respective encounter has impacted emotionally. I like to write about sex in relation to love because I have had trouble connecting the two. I also use my poems to elaborate on certain actions and thoughts that occur when I’m with a significant other. Writing a stanza or two here and there helps me to verbalize my feelings, filter them, and effectively communicate them when the time comes. After sex and relationships will come a section on being black in America. Sensitive as this topic may be, it is one that needs to be addressed. With everything going on in the media about hate crimes and police brutality toward African Americans, I felt that the view of the 21 century young black male needs to be expressed. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. SEX
Molecular beam epitaxy of 2D-layered gallium selenide on GaN substrates

Large area epitaxy of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials with high material quality is a crucial step in realizing novel device applications based on 2D materials. In this work, we report high-quality, crystalline, large-area gallium selenide (GaSe) films grown on bulk substrates such as c-plane sapphire and gallium nitride (GaN) using a valved cracker source for Se. (002)-Oriented GaSe with random in-plane orientation of domains was grown on sapphire and GaN substrates at a substrate temperature of 350–450 °C with complete surface coverage. Higher growth temperature (575 °C) resulted in the formation of single-crystalline e-GaSe triangular domains with six-fold symmetry confirmed by in-situ reflection high electron energy diffraction and off-axis x-ray diffraction. A two-step growth method involving high temperature nucleation of single crystalline domains and low temperature growth to enhance coalescence was adopted to obtain continuous (002)-oriented GaSe with an epitaxial relationship with the sub...
Implied Volatility: Statics, Dynamics, and Probabilistic Interpretation

Given the price of a call or put option, the Black-Scholes implied volatility is the unique volatility parameter for which the Black-Scholes formula recovers the option price. This article surveys research activity relating to three theoretical questions: First, does implied volatility admit a probabilistic interpretation? Second, how does implied volatility behave as a function of strike and expiry? Here one seeks to characterize the shapes of the implied volatility skew (or smile) and term structure, which together constitute what can be termed the statics of the implied volatility surface. Third, how does implied volatility evolve as time rolls forward? Here one seeks to characterize the dynamics of implied volatility.
Terrorist attacks targeting the police: the connection to foreign military presence

AbstractTerrorist attacks – suicide attacks in particular – targeting police have increased worldwide over the past decade in both number and relative to other targets. One plausible explanation for this is the presence of a foreign military on a country’s soil, which is theorized to increase terrorism in that country. Terrorist attacks targeting the police may be more likely in these countries because police typically are tasked with assisting the foreign military. The primary research question asks whether there is a relationship between foreign military presence and terrorist attacks on police. This is assessed using a cross-sectional sample of 82 countries, with data drawn from several sources between 1999 and 2008. Because the dependent variables – terrorist attacks targeting the police – are proportions, Tobit and Cragg’s double-hurdle analyses were used. Analyses were confirmed using zero-inflated negative binomial regression models, with the outcomes measured as counts. Foreign military presence s...
The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation's (Non)-Authority to License Violations of the Environmental Conservation Law

This article evaluates whether the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation may issue permits to cull nuisance deer that, by their terms, implicitly or explicitly purport to authorize conduct otherwise prohibited by the state’s Environmental Conservation Law. An analysis of relevant law shows that the Department of Environmental Conservation has the authority to issue nuisance wildlife permits. In issuing these permits, however, the Department of Environmental Conservation cannot disapply the Environmental Conservations Law’s provisions on the use of firearms (such as that they be discharged at least 500 feet away from a dwelling unless consent is obtained) and prohibitions on the use of related accessories, such as firearms silencers.
Narrative and natural history in the eighteenth century.

In the eighteenth century, natural histories of animals incorporated narratives about animal behaviour and narratives of discovery and experimentation. Naturalists used first-person accounts to link the stories of their scientific investigations to the stories of the animal lives they were studying. Understanding nature depended on narratives that shifted back and forth in any given text between animal and human, and between individual cases and generalizations about species. This paper explores the uses of narrative through examples from the work of Rene-Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur and Abraham Trembley. In all cases, narrative took the genre of natural history well beyond straightforward description and classification. Prose accounts of insect actions and mechanisms worked in tandem with visual narratives embedded in the accompanying illustrations, where artists developed strategies for representing sequences of minute changes over time. By throwing into relief the narrative sections of natural histories, the examples considered here expose the role played by these tales of encounters with the insect world in the making of natural historical knowledge.
A 21st-Century Public Health Approach to Abortion

In the United States, groups advocating for and against abortion rights often deploy public health arguments to advance their positions. Recently, these arguments have evolved into state laws that use the government health department infrastructure to increase law enforcement and regulatory activities around abortion. Many major medical and public health associations oppose these new laws because they are not evidence-based and do not protect women’s health. Yet state health departments have been defending these laws in court.We propose a 21st-century public health approach to abortion based in an accepted public health framework. Specifically, we apply the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s 10 Essential Public Health Services framework to abortion to describe how health departments should engage with abortion.With this public health framework as our guide, we argue that health departments should be facilitating women’s ability to obtain an abortion in the state and county where they reside, res...
Teaching and Care: Cripping Fieldwork in Teacher Education

Providing teacher candidates early and ongoing opportunities to learn their profession by participating in school settings is often posed as a way to improve their preparedness for becoming teachers. Two problems of “fieldwork,” however, are the limited access to settings in which inclusive education is practiced and the milieu of special education in the US that emphasizes ableist assertions of independence, support, and conventional notions of care, especially for youth characterized as intellectually disabled. We present an overview of the establishment of a “cripped” fieldwork experience for early program teacher candidates enrolled in a required undergraduate course. By engaging in qualitative narrative analysis of candidates’ journals, we report preliminary findings on evolving notions of care related to disability and education in self-reported field-based learning.