cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Clonidine on Sympathetic Function

Fifteen patients with essential hypertension and ten with pheochromocytoma were studied to assess the effect of clonidine, a centrally acting antihypertensive agent, on the functional and biochemical indices of sympathetic function. Single oral doses of clonidine (0.3 mg) decreased supine plasma norepinephrine significantly in essential hypertension, but not in pheochromocytoma despite producing similar reductions in blood pressure and heart rate. Plasma renin activity was unchanged in both groups. In untreated essential hypertension, head-up tilt increased diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma norepinephrine. Three hours after a single oral dose of clonidine, head-up tilt resulted in significant blood pressure reductions, although heart rate and plasma norepinephrine increased dramatically. Clonidine might reduce blood pressure by inhibiting sympathetic outflow, and any effect on plasma renin activity appears unimportant in its antihypertensive action. In pheochromocytoma clonidine decreases blood pressure without altering plasma norepinephrine, which is consistent with the concept that the norepinephrine released from axon terminals of sympathetic postganglionic neurons is biologically more significant than circulating catecholamines.
Now or Later?: An Empirical Investigation of When and Why Students Apply to Clinical Psychology PhD Programs

This study used a national sample of PhD students in clinical psychology (N = 1,034) to explore when students decided to pursue their graduate degree, reasons for their decisions, and associated sa...
Water vapor sorption and diffusion through hard gelatin capsules

Gelatin contains appreciable amounts of water under normal environmental conditions. This water may be transferred to a hygroscopic powder contained in a gelatin capsule. This report describes a study of this water transfer and of the diffusion of water vapor through gelatin capsules.
STRUCTURAL CONTROL: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

This tutorial/survey paper: (1) provides a concise point of departure for researchers and practitioners alike wishing to assess the current state of the art in the control and monitoring of civil engineering structures; and (2) provides a link between structural control and other fields of control theory, pointing out both differences and similarities, and points out where future research and application efforts are likely to prove fruitful. The paper consists of the following sections: section 1 is an introduction; section 2 deals with passive energy dissipation; section 3 deals with active control; section 4 deals with hybrid and semiactive control systems; section 5 discusses sensors for structural control; section 6 deals with smart material systems; section 7 deals with health monitoring and damage detection; and section 8 deals with research needs. An extensive list of references is provided in the references section.
Seizure disorder in a professional American football player

This 27-year-old previously healthy professional football player developed a tonic-clonic seizure and delirium due to acute hyponatremia. This appears to be the first case of hyponatremia in an American football player. Hyponatremia was due to acute water intoxication; sodium losses through sweat and emesis may have partially contributed. There may have also been some contribution from renal dysfunction and diuresis due to his supplement use. Proper education regarding appropriate type and volume of fluid consumption, additional dietary salt intake, general nutrition, and close monitoring of body weight should prevent this disorder. The CT scan and chest radiograph findings appear to have been artifacts, but complicated the treatment of this patient. Because of these radiographic findings and the history of chronic excessive water consumption, the patient was treated as having chronic hyponatremia. In retrospect, he should have been treated as having acute hyponatremia with water restriction, and possibly diuretics or IV 3% saline.
Oral ertapenem for refractory pouchitis

Dear Sir, Chronic inflammation (pouchitis) can develop in up to 30% of patients after ileal pouch anal anastamosis (IPAA).1 This condition is typically responsive to antibiotics in many patients, presumably due to correction of pouch dysbiosis.2 However many patients either do not respond to antibiotics, or lose response to individual antibiotics. Herein we describe two cases of refractory chronic pouchitis treated successfully with oral administration of ertapenem, a carbapenem antibiotic that is minimally absorbed from the GI tract when given orally. The first case was a 62 year old man with chronic pouchitis initially responsive to antibiotics. He previously lost …
Transdermal fentanyl: long-term analgesic studies.

Abstract Alternative routes of drug delivery have particular relevance for use in chronic pain. When the pain experience is constant or nearly constant, a continuous infusion of drug is an ideal way to achieve effective pain relief. Early experience with the transdermal application of fentanyl in chronic cancer pain suggests that it is a safe, noninvasive, effective method of managing pain. The first experience with the use of transdermal fentanyl in cancer pain was reported by Miser and colleagues in 5 patients. They demonstrated that steady-state blood concentrations of fentanyl were linearly related to the transdermal fentanyl dose. The terminal elimination half-life was approximately 34 hr. Zech and colleagues studied 13 patients with chronic cancer pain. Pain relief was obtained and was correlated with plasma fentanyl levels. The largest experience so far was reported in 39 patients in a multicenter trial conducted by Simmonds and colleagues. The median fentanyl dose was 100 μg/hr (range, 25–525 μg/hr). The initial dose of fentanyl from morphine conversion (6:1) was adequate in 50% of patients and titrated upward by 72 hr for the remaining 50%. Patients wore the system for a median of 84 days (range, 5–365 days). Median supplementary daily dose of morphine was 105 mg/day (range, 0–720 mg/day). The system was able to be maintained through a variety of concomitant events. This experience demonstrated the safety and clinical effectiveness of transdermal fentanyl. The transdermal therapeutic system (fentanyl) is a promising advance in achieving noninvasive, continuous drug administration for the management of chronic cancer pain.
Diamond nucleation on steel substrates

Abstract The aim of this work is an investigation of the nucleation density of diamond deposited by various chemical vapour deposition methods on steel substrates coated with sputtered refractory metal (RM) layers. We followed the diffusion of iron in the RM layer and the formation of iron and RM carbides by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The diamond nucleation density is correlated to the thickness of the RM layer and the type of steel. We show that iron diffusion requires a minimum thickness of the intermediate layer. The originally low nucleation density can be significantly enhanced by microscopic surface roughness or by seeding with microscopic salt or diamond crystals.
The effects of frontal cortical lesions on remembering depend on the procedural demands of tasks performed in the radial arm maze

We trained 24 rats to perform an eight-arm radial maze task and then assigned them with a matching procedure to one of three treatments: sham surgery or lesions of the projection areas of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MDn) in the medial wall (MW) or in both the MW and rhinal sulcal (RS) areas of frontal cortex. After recovery we trained the rats to perform six tasks, beginning with the standard eight-arm task, followed by two versions of a four forced choice procedure, and then three versions of a two-choice delayed-nonmatching-to-sample (DNMTS) task. The two lesion groups performed comparably on all tasks, showing that impairments were not exacerbated by extension of the MW lesion to include all cortical areas innervated by MDn. As in previous studies, frontal animals performed the radial maze task poorly immediately after surgery but improved with subsequent training. Controlling the order of the arm entries by opening the first four gates in a random sequence had little effect on performance, although frontal animals were impaired when lengthy delays (5 or 15 min) were imposed after the last of the four forced entries. Frontal animals were not impaired on two-choice DNMTS when the arms used for training were selected at random from the eight alternatives on a trial by trial basis, even when visual cues were eliminated by darkening the room and covering the maze. Frontal animals were significantly impaired when the selection of sample and choice arms was limited to the same two alternatives on every trial. This finding may explain the reported sensitivity of DNMTS to the effects of frontal lesions when training is carried out in operant chambers.
Decreased renal excretion of β-hexosaminidase in adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and normal renal function

Abstract The activities of three lysosomal hydrolases and creatinine levels were measured in the plasma and urine of 11 adults (mean age, 28.1 years) with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 14 non-diabetic controls (mean age, 27.9 years). All of the patients were free of diabetic complications and more none exhibited microalbuminuria. Fractional enzyme excretion (FEE) values between the two groups of subjects were calculated and compared for the following enzymes: β-hexosaminidase (N-acetyl-glucosaminidase), β-glucuronidase and α-galactosidase. The FEE value was calculated as the ratio of enzyme clearance to creatinine clearance. Relative to the non-diabetic control group, the FEE value for β-hexosaminidase was approximately 2-fold lower (P = 0.02) in the diabetic subjects (means, 0.424 vs. 0.242, respectively). The FEE values for β-glucuronidase and α-galactosidase were not significantly different (P > 0.4) between the diabetic and control groups. These easily measured biochemical parameters in blood and urine and the resultant FEE value for β-hexosaminidase may provide a means of assessing subtle deteriorative changes in renal function which occur in the early stage of diabetes before the onset of clinically evident complications.
Triple-doped white organic light-emitting devices grown in vacuum

We demonstrate efficient (ηp=11±1 lm/W at 1000 cd/m2), bright electrophosphorescent white organic light emitting devices (WOLEDs) employing three dopants in a 9-nm-thick inert host matrix. The emissive layer consists of 2 wt.% iridium (III) bis(2-phenyl quinolyl-N,C2') acetylacetonate (PQIr), 0.5 wt.% fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium (Ir(ppy)3) and 20 wt.% bis(4’,6’-difluorophenylpyridinato)tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate (FIr6) co-doped into a wide energy gap p-bis(triphenylsilyly)benzene (UGH2) host. Devices were characterized in terms relevant to both display and general lighting applications, and have a peak total power efficiency of 42±4 lm/W at low intensities, falling to 10±1 lm/W at a drive current of 20 mA/cm2 (corresponding to 1.4 lm/cm2 for an isotropic illumination source). The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage coordinates shift from (0.43,45) at 0.1 mA/cm2 to (0.38,0.45) at 10 mA/cm2, and a color rendering index >75 is obtained. Three factors contribute to the high efficiency: thin layers leading to low voltage operation, a high quantum efficiency blue dopant, and efficient confinement of charge and excitons within the emissive region. The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied energy levels of component layers will be discussed to elucidate charge and exciton confinement within the emissive layer. Additionally, we will explain energy transfer between dopants based on photoluminescent transient analysis of triple-doped thin films.
Evaporative cooling in a crossed dipole trap.

Laser cooled sodium atoms are trapped in an optical dipole force trap formed by the intersection of two 1.06 \ensuremath{\mu}m laser beams. Densities as high as $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}$ atoms/c${\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ at a temperature of $\ensuremath{\sim}140$ \ensuremath{\mu}K have been obtained in a $\ensuremath{\sim}900$ \ensuremath{\mu}K deep trap. By reducing the trap depth over a 2 s interval, we have evaporatively cooled the atoms to a final temperature of $\ensuremath{\sim}4$ \ensuremath{\mu}K at a density of $6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}$ atoms/c${\mathrm{m}}^{3}$. This corresponds to a factor of 28 increase in atomic phase-space density.
Microgravity-Induced Fluid Shift and Ophthalmic Changes

Although changes to visual acuity in spaceflight have been observed in some astronauts since the early days of the space program, the impact to the crew was considered minor. Since that time, missions to the International Space Station have extended the typical duration of time spent in microgravity from a few days or weeks to many months. This has been accompanied by the emergence of a variety of ophthalmic pathologies in a significant proportion of long-duration crewmembers, including globe flattening, choroidal folding, optic disc edema, and optic nerve kinking, among others. The clinical findings of affected astronauts are reminiscent of terrestrial pathologies such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension that are characterized by high intracranial pressure. As a result, NASA has placed an emphasis on determining the relevant factors and their interactions that are responsible for detrimental ophthalmic response to space. This article will describe the Visual Impairment and Intracranial Pressure syndrome, link it to key factors in physiological adaptation to the microgravity environment, particularly a cephalad shifting of bodily fluids, and discuss the implications for ocular biomechanics and physiological function in long-duration spaceflight.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: involvement in urologic patients and recent therapeutic advances.

G stromal tumor (GIST) is a recently described mesenchymal cancer that can arise from any portion of the GI tract, most commonly from the stomach (39%), small intestine (32%), and colorectal regions (15%) (1). These tumors, which were often previously classified as leiomyomas or leiomyosarcomas, can invade the urinary tract, and patients with GIST can develop urologic cancers or other urologic conditions. Urologists should therefore be cognizant of the recent advances in the treatment of GIST with imatinib mesylate (also known as Gleevec or STI571), because they can directly influence patient treatment and prognosis. In addition, the development of this targeted molecular therapeutic agent provides a glimpse into the future of oncology.
Infrared Camera Using a Single Nano-Photodetector

Infrared (IR) cameras have versatile applications; however, the low performance and high cost of conventional photodetectors have prevented their widespread utilization in various fields. Nano-materials have recently emerged as possible sensing elements of nano-photodetectors, and have exhibited data that may outperform their conventional counterparts. Carbon nanotube (CNT), a promising nano-material with excellent optical properties, has been employed to develop high performance photodetectors with low noise, tunable bandgap, and noncryogenic cooled operation. However, it is difficult to fabricate a large scale CNT photodetector array that can be integrated into traditional IR camera structures. In order to take advantage of the outstanding performance of the nano-photodetectors and overcome the fabrication difficulties to achieve high resolution and efficient imaging, we present a compressive sensing-based IR camera using a single pixel CNT photodetector. A photonic cavity is developed to integrate with the CNT photodetector so as to increase the absorption area of the device. The camera system uses the CNT photodetector to compressively sample the linear projections of the images onto binary random patterns. Employing the compressive sensing algorithm, high resolution imaging can be achieved with many fewer samples than the original image dimension. The camera is demonstrated effectively in order to observe the dynamic movement of a laser spot. By adaptively adjusting the camera setup, a zooming technique is developed to image small features. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an IR camera using a nano-size photodetector. Our work shows that compressive sensing-based cameras have the potential to complement or selectively replace conventional IR imaging systems.
Immobilized enzymes in blood plasma exchangers via radiation grafting

Abstract The enzyme asparaginase was immobilized onto a porous hollow polypropylene (PP) fiber blood plasma exchange device for the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. The devices were first radiation grafted with polymethacrylic acid (poly(MAAc)). This introduces carboxyl groups onto the surface of the fibers. Several variables were studied in the grafting reaction including the effects of solvent type and monomer concentration. The carboxyl groups were activated with N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS) using carbodiimide chemistry. Asparaginase was then covalently immobilized on the activated surfaces. Quantitative relationships were found relating the percent graft to the amount of immobilized enzyme which was active. The enzyme reactor was tested both in vitro and in vivo using a sheep as an animal model.
Stereoselection in nucleophilic substitution at an sp2 carbon

Abstract The stereochemical possibilities of the title reaction are considered in detail, taking into account both the relative rates of rotation, inversion, formation and decomposition, and the stabilities of the species involved. Briefly, a rationale for predominant retention is outlined and a set of conditions favorable to inversion are described. First it is assumed that the exchange of X and Y in eqn (1) includes the anion 1 or 2 as an intermediate. The reaction pathways can be mapped in the form of graphs: mechanisms by selected routes can now be related to the characteristics of the system or modified to accommodate special mechanistic alternatives, e.g. addition-elimination and concerted substitution. In the graph dealing with the pyramidal anion BAC-CXYW, the favored retention route is anti formation and syn decomposition, while the inversion route is syn formation and syn decomposition.These stereospecific models arise for different reasons: in the first, certain rotomers of 1 are favored because of the trans (contra-gauche) effect; in the second, strong ion pairing predominates over other factors. This scheme has to be altered for the “pyramidal” anion derived from the Σ isomer of AN=CXW, since the anti-syn sequence may give both retention and inversion. In the graph dealing with the trigonal anion BAC-CXYW or AN-CXYW, retention paths are always favored. All of the stereospecific paths described hold for specified models—when constraints are removed, stereoconvergence follows.
Justice or Legitimacy: A Response to Ocko and Gilmartin

Inevitably, comparative law is a twofold project. We start by comparing first order legal rules: What is and is not a crime? What is protected under a property regime? Then, we are interested in how these legal norms figure in the imagin ation of the social order. Why, we ask, do people obey the law? How do they imagine the authority of law? But what is the relationship between these two kinds of inquiry? Does a private property regime, for example, support a broader understanding of the political order as a system of contractual relation ships among autonomous subjects? Can legal reform?for example, a new constitution?create new citizens, or is it the other way around, with a new conception of citizenship leading to new laws? Inevitably, such relationships move in both directions. Because every legal norm is necessarily embedded in a larger narrative, there are no general lessons to be drawn about the nature of legal and political reform. The best we can do is offer detailed case studies such as that presented by Jonathan Ocko and David Gilmartin. They show us some of the ways in which a regime can use law to construct a meaning or set of meanings that will bind citizen to ruler, or society to state?and vice versa. Still, it is possible to say something about the general shape of the problem of the relationship between these two approaches to a legal order. Most importantly, we can clarify the way the two aspects of the legal order are measured against different normative ideals: justice and legitimacy. A legal system must respond to both of these norms.
Slow excitatory transmission in rat dorsal horn: possible mediation by peptides

Repetitive stimulation of a dorsal root elicited a slow depolarization in about half of the dorsal horn neurons examined in the rat spinal cord slice preparation. The response was markedly depressed or abolished in the presence of substance P, substance P antagonists and capsaicin. In some dorsal horn neurons a slow hyperpolarization was also observed.
Sparse Representations for Radar with MATLAB Examples

Although the field of sparse representations is relatively new, research activities in academic and industrial research labs are already producing encouraging results. The sparse signal or parameter model motivated several researchers and practitioners to explore high complexity/wide bandwidth applications such as Digital TV, MRI processing, and certain defense applications. The potential signal processing advancements in this area may influence radar technologies. This book presents the basic mathematical concepts along with a number of useful MATLAB examples to emphasize the practical implementations both inside and outside the radar field.
Intussusceptive microvascular growth in a human colon adenocarcinoma xenograft: a novel mechanism of tumor angiogenesis

Intussusceptive microvascular growth refers to vascular network formation by insertion of interstitial tissue columns, called tissue pillars or posts, into the vascular lumen and subsequent growth of these columns, resulting in partitioning of the vessel lumen. While intussusception has been reported in normal developing organs, its existence in solid tumors has not been previously documented. By observing the growth of the human colon adenocarcinoma (LS174T) in vivo for a period of 6 weeks, we demonstrate that intussusception is an important mechanism of tumor angiogenesis. At the leading edge of the tumor, vascular growth was found to occur by both intussusception and endothelial sprouting. In the stabilized regions, intussusception led to network remodeling and occlusion of vascular segments. The formation of some tissue pillars appears to depend on intravascular blood-flow patterns or changes in intravascular shear stress. The rapid vascular remodeling by intussusception could possibly contribute to intermittent blood flow in tumors.
Dynamics of redundant robots ― inverse solutions

SUMMARYThe dynamics of “simple, redundant robots” are developed. A “redundant” robot is a robot whose degrees of freedom are greater than those needed to perform a given kinetmatic task. A “simple” robot is a robot with all joints being revolute joints with axes perpendicular or parallel to the arm segments. A general formulation, and a solution algorithm, for the “inverse kinematics problem” for such systems, is presented. The solution is obtained using orthogonal complement arrays which in turn are obtained from a “zero-eigenvalues” algorithm. The paper concludes with an assertion that this solution, called the “natural dynamics solution,” is optimal in that it requires the least energy to drive the robot.
A novel real-time health monitoring system for unmanned vehicles

Real-time monitoring the status of in-service structures such as unmanned vehicles can provide invaluable information to detect the damages to the structures on time. The unmanned vehicles can be maintained and repaired in time if such damages are found. One typical cause of damages of unmanned vehicles is from impacts caused by bumping into some obstacles or being hit by some objects such as hostile fire. This paper introduces a novel impact event sensing system that can detect the location of the impact events and the force-time history of the impact events. The system consists of the Piezo-electric sensor network, the hardware platform and the analysis software. The new customized battery-powered impact event sensing system supports up to 64-channel parallel data acquisition. It features an innovative low-power hardware trigger circuit that monitors 64 channels simultaneously. The system is in the sleep mode most of the time. When an impact event happens, the system will wake up in micro-seconds and detect the impact location and corresponding force-time history. The system can be combined with the SMART sensing system to further evaluate the impact damage severity.
Oxidative burst and phagocytosis of neonatal neutrophils confronting Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis.

Background Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis are important causes of sepsis among premature neonates. The neutrophil is a key element in the control of Candida infections, yet specific neutrophil mechanisms that may contribute to the susceptibility of the premature neonate to candidiasis are not well understood.
A study of collective octupole states in barium in the interacting boson model

Abstract We analyze low-lying collective negative parity states in 140–148Ba in terms of the interacting spdf boson model. We point out the crucial role played by p bosons in describing E1 transitions. We discuss the rather unusual properties of the nucleus 146Ba.
R-factor-mediated resistance to new aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Abstract To determine whether the existence and incidence of R-factor genes are always related to the prevalence of antibiotics in the environment, recent clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and salmonella were tested for resistance to 5 relatively new aminoglycoside antibiotics. 19 strains were resistant to bluensomycin, and 11 to spectinomycin, gentamycin, and viomycin: in each case, the resistance genes were associated with R factors. Bluensomycin resistance was mediated by the streptomycin R-determinant; but the resistances to spectinomycin, gentamycin, and viomycin were mediated by previously unidentified R-determinants. These results ate discussed in relation to the origin of R-factor genes.
Continuous dependence on the time and spatial geometry for the navier-stokes equations

In this paper we derive explicit a priori inequalities which imply stability of the solution of the initial-boundary value problem for the Navier-Stokes equations under perturbations of the initial time geometry and of the spatial geometry. These inequalities bound the solution perturbation In L2 in terms of some well defined measure of the perturbation in geometry. We establish continuous dependence on spatial geometry in both two and three dimensions and continuous dependence on initial geometry in two dimensions. In the latter problem the three dimensional case will be somewhat more complicated due to the different form of the Sobolev inequality.
Field investigations of bacterial contaminants and their effects on extended porcine semen.

Field investigations (n=23) were made over a 3-yr period at North American boar studs and farms in which the primary complaint was sperm agglutination in association with decreased sperm longevity of extended semen, and increased regular returns to estrus and/or vaginal discharges across parity. Microscopic examination of extended semen from these units revealed depressed gross motility (usually 20%). Sample pH was acidic (5.7 to 6.4) in 93% of the submitted samples. Aerobic culture yielded a variety of bacteria from different genera. A single bacterial contaminant was obtained from 66% of the submitted samples (n=37 doses); 34% contained 2 or more different bacterial genera. The most frequently isolated contaminant bacteria from porcine extended semen were Alcaligenes xylosoxydans (n=3), Burkholderia cepacia (n=6), Enterobacter cloacae (n=6), Escherichia coli (n=6), Serratia marcescens (n=5), and Stenotrophomonas [Xanthomonas] maltophilia (n=6); these 6 bacteria accounted for 71% of all contaminated samples, and were spermicidal when re-inoculated and incubated in fresh, high quality extended semen. All contaminant bacteria were found to be resistant to the aminoglycoside gentamicin, a common preservative antibiotic used in commercial porcine semen extenders. Eleven genera were spermicidal in conjunction with an acidic environment, while 2 strains (E. coli, S. maltophilia) were spermicidal without this characteristic acidic environment. Bacteria originated from multiple sources at the stud/farm, and were of animal and nonanimal origin. A minimum contamination technique (MCT) protocol was developed to standardize hygiene and sanitation. This protocol focused on MCT's during boar preparation, semen collection, semen processing and laboratory sanitation. Implementation of the MCT, in addition to specific recommendations in stud management, resulted in the control of bacterial contamination in the extended semen.
Developing an interdisciplinary health informatics security and privacy program (abstract only)

Health informatics is one of the nation's largest growth industries. With the government's increasing interest in electronic health records and growing investment by healthcare organizations in technology, there is a large demand for a health informatics and health information technology workforce. To protect health information systems, it is highly important for health informatics professionals to be well educated and trained in information assurance, and to understand the many concerns of security, privacy, integrity and reliability. This poster describes our project of developing a new interdisciplinary program of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science (BSCS) concentration in Health Informatics Security and Privacy (HISP) at North Carolina A&T State University (NC A&T SU). To establish this program, we are developing a new course on health information systems in the Department of Computer Science, a new course on Mathematics for Health Informatics in the Department of Mathematics, and modifying an existing course in the Department of Management. We are also developing three course modules on health informatics security and privacy: Health Information Assurance and Security, Access Control in Healthcare Information Systems, and XML Security in Health Information Systems. These course modules will be integrated in the existing computer security and information assurance courses in the Department of Computer Science. The BSCS concentration in HISP curriculum as well as project plan will also be described in this poster.
The energetic cost of response to blue-green algal filaments by cladocerans1

On examine l'effet de l'augmentation de la concentration en filaments d'Anabaena sur le comportement alimentaire et la depense energetique de Daphnia parvula, Ceriodaphnia lacustris et Bosmina longirostris cohabitant. Cet effet a une relation avec la taille de l'animal
Air Launch and LOX Collection as Enabling Technologies for Future Launch Systems

Launch from an aerial, subsonic carrier aircraft yields significant improvements in engine performance and reduced drag and gravity losses. Additionally, the carrier aircraft can fly to latitudes that permit ascent into any desired inclination. Vehicle performance is limited by the takeoff mass constraint of the carrier aircraft, but the inflight collection of liquid oxygen may enable this constraint to be breached.
Effect of Nurse‐Client Transaction on Female Adolescents' Oral Contraceptive Adherence

An experimental study was conducted to test the effect of a nurse-client transactional intervention (King, 1981) on 51 female adolescents' oral contraceptive adherence. Subjects were randomly assigned to a control or an experimental group. Both groups experienced the clinics' contraceptive teaching. Subjects in the experimental group experienced the transactional intervention. Contraceptive perceptions were measured immediately post-intervention and at the three-month follow-up. Oral contraceptive adherence was measured at the three-month follow-up. Female adolescents who experienced the transactional intervention had greater levels of oral contraceptive adherence than those who had not (F = 4.15, p < .05).
Viscoelasticity and rheology of depletion flocculated gels and fluids

The flow properties of high volume fraction hard sphere colloid–polymer suspensions are studied as a function of polymer concentration, depletion attraction range, and solvent quality up to, and well beyond, the gelation boundary. As the gel boundary is approached, the shear viscosity tends to diverge in a critical power law manner at a polymer concentration that is a function of the polymer radius of gyration and solvency condition. The shear viscosity for different polymer size suspensions can be collapsed onto a master curve motivated by mode coupling theory (MCT). The low frequency elastic modulus grows rapidly with increasing depletion attraction near the gel boundary, but becomes a dramatically weaker function of polymer concentration as the gel state is more deeply entered. A simplified version of MCT with accurate, no adjustable parameter polymer reference interaction site model (PRISM) theory structural input has been applied to predict the gelation boundaries and elastic shear moduli. The calculated gel lines are in semiquantitative agreement with experiment at high volume fractions, but increasingly deviate upon particle dilution. Calculations of the dependence of the gel elastic shear moduli on particle-polymer size asymmetry and scaled polymer concentration are in excellent agreement with experiment, and deep in the gel follow a power law dependence on polymer concentration. Quantitatively, MCT-PRISM elastic moduli are higher than experiment by a nearly constant large factor. This discrepancy is suggested to be due to the heterogeneous nature of the gel structure which small angle scattering experiments show consists of dense clusters and voids of characteristic length scales ∼4–7 particle diameters. A simple idea for correcting the particle level MCT modulus by employing cluster network concepts is proposed.
Droplet evaporation on heated hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces

The evaporation characteristics of sessile water droplets on smooth hydrophobic and structured superhydrophobic heated surfaces are experimentally investigated. Droplets placed on the hierarchical superhydrophobic surface subtend a very high contact angle ($\ensuremath{\sim}$160\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}) and demonstrate low roll-off angle ($\ensuremath{\sim}$1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}), while the hydrophobic substrate supports corresponding values of 120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and $\ensuremath{\sim}$10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The substrates are heated to different constant temperatures in the range of 40--60 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, which causes the droplet to evaporate much faster than in the case of natural evaporation without heating. The geometric parameters of the droplet, such as contact angle, contact radius, and volume evolution over time, are experimentally tracked. The droplets are observed to evaporate primarily in a constant-contact-angle mode where the contact line slides along the surface. The measurements are compared with predictions from a model based on diffusion of vapor into the ambient that assumes isothermal conditions. This vapor-diffusion-only model captures the qualitative evaporation characteristics on both test substrates, but reasonable quantitative agreement is achieved only for the hydrophobic surface. The superhydrophobic surface demonstrates significant deviation between the measured evaporation rate and that obtained using the vapor-diffusion-only model, with the difference being amplified as the substrate temperature is increased. A simple model considering thermal diffusion through the droplet is used to highlight the important role of evaporative cooling at the droplet interface in determining the droplet evaporation characteristics on superhydrophobic surfaces.
Drug and alcohol education programs: a review of outcome studies.

Outcome studies of the effectiveness of drug and alcohol education programs are reviewed. Studies were examined that dealt with student populations as well as adult programs. In addition, specific ...
Examining the Relationship Between Physical Vulnerability and Public Perceptions of Global Climate Change in the United States

Although there is a growing body of research examining public perceptions of global climate change, little work has focused on the role of place and proximity in shaping these perceptions. This study extends previous conceptual models explaining risk perception associated with global climate change by adding a spatial dimension. Specifically, Geographic Information Systems and spatial analytical techniques are used to map and measure survey respondents’ physical risk associated with expected climate change. Using existing spatial data, multiple measures of climate change vulnerability are analyzed along with demographic, attitudinal, and social contextual variables derived from a representative national survey to predict variation in risk perception. Bivariate correlation and multivariate regression analyses are used to identify and explain the most important indicators shaping individual risk perception. Analysis of the data suggests that the relationship between actual and perceived risk is driven by specific types of physical conditions and experiences.
NCAA Academic Reform: History, Context and Challenges

The purpose of this article is to offer a sociohistorical overview of academic reform in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). To do so, the author draws heavily from football history and its association with academic reform in the broader intercollegiate athletics context. Intercollegiate athletics has undergone significant changes in professionalism and academic integrity over time—something that suggests the current dysfunctional structure can be systemically changed, too.
Soviet Computing and Technology Transfer: An Overview

For a long time, the Soviet pattern of development and use of computing differed from the West in terms of time-scale, philosophy, institutional arrangements, capital decisions, and applications. Starting in the late 1950s, a major political, military, and economic reassessment of the value of computing took place; during the next dozen years, the overall Soviet view moved much closer to that of the rest of the developed world. This new perception has been backed by large political and economic commitments. Apparently the Soviet leadership is hoping that computer technology will make the existing economic system more efficient and effective, and will thus help to avoid fundamental reforms that are politically unacceptable. A massive transfer of foreign technology over the last decade has made the Soviet computer industry less isolated than during the 1960s, but its interfaces with the outside world are still narrowly defined. Serious difficulties remain in trying to transplant a sophisticated and pervasive technology into a systemic environment very different from that in which it originated and thrived.
Cost containment in the concentrated care center: A study of nursing, bed and patient assignment policies

In an effort to deliver the best possible care to seriously ill patients in the most cost-effective manner, Georgetown University has developed the Concentrated Care Center (CCC) as an essential component of the medical center complex. The design of the CCC, together with the application of controlled variable staffing procedures, permits considerable flexibility in the assignment of nurses (as well as patients) to individual units. This report outlines certain research hypotheses regarding policies designed to increase the cost-effectiveness of patient care in the CCC environment. Statistical techniques based on the theory of stochastic processes are developed to test these hypotheses and a FORTRAN IV computer program is developed to analyze one year of operational data from the CCC.
Produktgestaltung von mikro- und nanoskaligen Pulvern durch (Hoch-) Intensivmischen mit hohem Leistungseintrag

Die technische Anwendung nanoskaliger Partikel eroffnet neue, gezielte Gestaltungsmoglichkeiten von Produkteigenschaften und stellt zugleich neue Anforderungen an einzusetzende verfahrenstechnische Operationen. Hierbei spielt vor allem das Feststoffmischen eine besondere Rolle, da man damit unterschiedliche Produkteigenschaften kombinieren kann. Konventionelle Mischsysteme genugen infolge ihres zu geringen Leistungseintrags in das Prozessgut nicht, um erwunschte Funktionalisierungen und Modifikationen zu erreichen. Mit dem Mischsystem NOBILTA™ wird eine neue Generation von Intensivmischern vorgestellt.
Influence of Chloride and Nitrogen Form on Rhizoctonia Root and Crown Rot of Table Beets.

ABSTRACT The effect of NaCl combined with Ca(NO3)2 or (NH4)2SO4 was examined on table beets (Beta vulgaris) in the presence and absence of Rhizoctonia solani (anastomosis group 2-2), the cause of Rhizoctonia root and crown rot. Transplants of cvs. Detroit Dark Red and Early Wonder grown in the greenhouse in infested soils and fertilized with Ca(NO3)2 (10 mmol of N) were 32% larger in dry weight than plants treated with (NH4)2SO4 (10 mmol of N). In noninfested soils, a 17% increase in dry weights was observed for plants treated with Ca(NO3)2 compared to plants that were fed (NH4)2SO4. When NaCl (0.17 mmol) was applied, the mean dry weight sincreased 40% in noninfested soil and 12% in infested soil compared to plants that received no NaCl. No significant interaction occurred between N fertilizer and NaCl in greenhouse trials. However, in field soils infested with R. solani, NaCl (560 kg/ha) combined with (NH4)2SO4 (112kg of N per ha) produced 26 to 47% more root yield than when (NH4)2SO4 was used alone. Int...
Law as a Public Good: The Economics of Anarchy

Various writers in the Western liberal and libertarian tradition have challenged the argument that enforcement of law and protection of property rights are public goods that must be provided by governments. Many of these writers argue explicitly for the provision of law enforcement services through private market relations.
A pilot study of microcomputer testing in paediatrics.

Summary A system for administering multiple choice questions and for providing immediate feedback via microcomputer was designed and field-tested by three groups of paediatric residents. Only minor technical problems were encountered, and these can be resolved easily. Attitudes towards the system were strongly positive. Residents nearly always elected to see feedback when their answers were incorrect, but frequency of requests for feedback to correct responses varied widely. Although most residents preferred the computerized test to a written test and thought they had learned more, no significant learning effect was demonstrated on pre- and post-testing.
GABA levels in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex associated with difficulty ignoring smoking-related cues in tobacco-dependent volunteers.

Substance abusers have difficulty ignoring drug-related cues, which is associated with relapse vulnerability. This ‘attentional bias' towards drug cues translates into an inability to ignore drug-related stimuli and may reflect deficits in the brain regions, such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC)—a key region in cognitive control and adaptive decision making. Quantifying relationships between attentional biases to drug cues and dACC neurochemistry could aid in identifying neurobiological mechanisms associated with increased relapse vulnerability precipitated by drug cues. As gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) deficits have been linked to impaired cognition and addictive disorders, we hypothesized that reduced GABA in the dACC would be associated with increased attentional biases towards smoking-related cues. We confirmed this hypothesis among nicotine-dependent tobacco smokers by combining an offline behavioral measure of attentional bias with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Smokers with the greatest attentional bias also experienced more negative affect during early nicotine withdrawal. Findings revealed a relationship between heightened reactivity to drug cues, and both decreasing dACC GABA and early withdrawal symptoms. Because reduced GABA function in frontal brain regions disrupt cognitive function, our findings suggest that smokers with diminished dACC GABA may lack the cognitive resources to successfully ignore highly salient distractors such as tobacco-related stimuli and therefore might be more prone to cue-induced relapse. This newly discovered relationship between dACC GABA and attentional bias provides evidence for a neurochemical target, which may aid smoking cessation in highly cue-reactive individuals.
Diagnostic performance of in vivo 3-T MRI for articular cartilage abnormalities in human osteoarthritic knees using histology as standard of reference

The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of sagittal in vivo 3-T intermediate-weighted fast spin-echo (iwFSE) sequences in the assessment of knee cartilage pathologies using histology as the reference standard in patients undergoing total knee replacement, and (2) to correlate MR imaging findings typically associated with osteoarthritis such as bone marrow edema pattern (BMEP) and cartilage swelling with histological findings. Tibial plateaus and femoral condyles of eight knees of seven patients were resected during surgery, and sagittal histological sections were prepared for histology. Preoperative MRI findings were compared to the corresponding region in histological sections for thickness, surface integrity and signal pattern of cartilage, and histological findings in areas of BMEP and swelling were documented. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 72%, 69% and 70% for thickness, 69%, 74% and 73% for surface and 36%, 62% and 45% for intracartilaginous signal pattern. For all cases of BMEP on MRI subchondral ingrowth of fibrovascular tissue and increased bone remodeling were observed. MRI using fat-saturated iwFSE sequences showed good performance in assessing cartilage thickness and surface lesions, while signal changes of cartilage were not suited to characterize the severity of cartilage degeneration as validated by histology.
Cooperative Chewing in a Gregariously Developing Parasitoid Wasp, Melittobia digitata Dahms, Is Stimulated by Structural Cues and a Pheromone in Crude Venom Extract

To disperse after mating, female Melittobia digitata Dahms (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) tunnel through the walls of their host’s nest. We found that M. digitata use chemical and structural cues to identify locations for chewing exit holes. An experimental combination of milked venom and artificial pits on the inner surface of rearing containers elicited a stronger response than either stimulus alone. We suggest that the venom-associated cue may be a pheromone that facilitates mutual attraction, aggregation, and focused chewing, and that these behaviors may have arisen from behaviors associated with the initial stages of host attack. This apparently cooperative behavior promises insights into the possible evolutionary origins of components of eusocial behavior.
The impact of adding aggressiveness to a non-aggressive windowing protocol

In this paper we summarize the results of our theoretical investigation into the costs and benefits of extending the conservative simulation window established in a non-aggressive windowing algorithm. There are two primary costs incurred by the non-aggressive algorithm: the cost of global synchronization and the cost of blocking due to pessimistic synchronization constraints. As the conservative simulation window is extended processors are required to synchronize less often and parallelism is increased. However, the increased aggressiveness increases the costs associated with state saving and rollbacks. This is the fundamental trade-off we capture analytically.