cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seismic array theorem and rapid calculation of acquisition footprint noise

The acquisition footprint noise in migrated sections partly consists of migration artifacts associated with a discrete recording geometry. Such noise can corrupt the interpretation of seismic sections for stratigraphic variations, AVO signatures, and enhanced oil recovery operations. We show that the point scatterer response of the far‐field Kirchhoff migration operator, which reveals acquisition footprint noise, is proportional to the stretched Fourier transform of the source and geophone sampling function. Using the array theorem developed by optical and electrical engineers, this Fourier transform for an orthogonal recording geometry can be calculated quickly by a product of 1‐D analytical functions. Thus, the acquisition footprint noise in migrated sections can be calculated efficiently for different recording arrays. By rapid trial and error or by an optimization method, the survey planner can use this theorem to help design a better recording geometry.
Stability of a trotting quadruped robot with passive, underactuated legs

A 2-D dynamic simulation of a quadruped robot with passive, directionally compliant legs has shown that with the proper leg configuration, increased stability of the robot can be achieved passively. Increased stability is defined as decreased pitching motion of the robot. A limited search of the design space of the legs resulted in the finding the leg parameters that minimized the pitching. Steady state trotting, changing speeds, and disturbances such as steps and holes were tested.
Reentry confined to the atrioventricular node: Electrophysiologic and anatomic findings☆

Abstract A patient with recurrent disabling, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia refractory to drug treatment underwent electrophysiologic studies. The paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia was found to be due to atrioventricular (A-V) nodal reentry. The patient died shortly after surgical His bundle section and detailed anatomic studies were performed. These showed fatty infiltration of the approaches to the sinoatrial node, atrial preferential pathways, and A-V node and common bundle. The A-V node was mechanically damaged and the common His bundle was completely severed. These abnormalities were clearly delineated and there was no evidence of an atrio-His bundle bypass tract to an accessory A-V node. Specifically, the central fibrous body and pars membranacea were defined and no atrial muscular fibers pierced these structures to join the A-V bundle. It is concluded that paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia due to A-V nodal reentry can be confined to the A-V node.
Highly scalable nanoparticle–polymer composite fiber via wet spinning

Magnetic nanoparticles have continued to gather the interest of researchers due to the unique physical properties of materials found at this size scale. Herein, the production of composite magnetic fibers composed of iron oxide nanoparticles suspended in alginate is described. These materials were produced via wet spinning of a sodium alginate solution into a bath of an aqueous solution of calcium chloride. The magnetic fibers were found to have similar mechanical properties to normal alginate fibers, and exhibited superparamagnetic behavior when subjected to an external DC magnetic field. In addition, the particle loaded fibers demonstrated the potential to produce significant amounts of heat when exposed to an AC magnetic field, suggesting these new materials could be applicable to a variety of applications including magnetic hyperthermia. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1975–1980, 2013
Importin α/β and Ran-GTP Regulate XCTK2 Microtubule Binding through a Bipartite Nuclear Localization Signal

The small GTPase Ran is essential for spindle assembly. Ran is proposed to act through its nuclear import receptors importin α and/or importin β to control the sequestration of proteins necessary for spindle assembly. To date, the molecular mechanisms by which the Ran pathway functions remain unclear. Using purified proteins, we have reconstituted Ran-regulated microtubule binding of the C-terminal kinesin XCTK2, a kinesin important for spindle assembly. We show that the tail of XCTK2 binds to microtubules and that this binding is inhibited in the presence of importin α and β (α/β) and restored by addition of Ran-GTP. The bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the tail of XCTK2 is essential to this process, because mutation of the NLS abolishes importin α/β-mediated regulation of XCTK2 microtubule binding. Our data show that importin α/β directly regulates the activity of XCTK2 and that one of the molecular mechanisms of Ran-regulated spindle assembly is identical to that used in classical NLS-driven nuclear transport.
Influence of extender, freezing rate, and thawing rate on post-thaw motility, viability and morphology of coyote (Canis latrans) spermatozoa

The objective of this study was to examine the post-thaw effects of three cryoprotective extenders (Tris-fructose-citric acid extender, Tris-glucose-citric acid extender, and lactose extender), three linear freezing rates (-1, -6, and -20 degrees C/min), and three thawing rates (37 degrees C water bath for 120s, 60 degrees C water bath for 30s, and 70 degrees C water bath for 8s) on coyote spermatozoa. After thawing, the findings supported that cryopreservation of coyote (Canis latrans) spermatozoa frozen at a moderate freezing rate (-6 degrees C/min), in either a Tris-fructose or Tris-glucose extender, and thawed at a slow rate (37 degrees C water bath for 120s) or moderate rate (60 degrees C water bath for 30s), resulted in a more vigorous post-thaw motility (range, 57.5-44.0%) and viability (range, 64-49.6%) with the least amount of morphological and acrosomal abnormalities.
The effect of demonstrating to a subject that she is in a hypnotic trance as a variable in hypnotic interventions with obese women

Abstract In order to investigate the question of whether or not Ss experiencing a phenomenon during trance which would be very unlikely to occur outside of trance improves the efficacy of hypnotic treatment for obesity, a S pool of obese women was divided into 3 groups: a non-hypnotic behavior modification group, a hypnosis group without any special phenomenon structured into it, and a hypnosis group with such a phenomenon (hand levitation). Weight-loss data were collected 4 weeks and 6 months after the start of treatment. All treatments resulted in at least moderate weight loss. Statistically significant differences were found between the hypnosis-with-hand-levitation treatment effect and the other treatment effects. Possible reasons for the treatment effects and the differences obtained are discussed.
Difficulties in emotion regulation and impulse control during cocaine abstinence

Abstract Rationale Prior research has shown that cocaine dependence is associated with dysfunction of brain systems involved in emotions and motivational states. Objectives To examine whether difficulties in emotion regulation are associated with early cocaine abstinence using the recently validated Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Method Recently abstinent treatment-seeking cocaine patients (n = 60) completed the DERS during their first week of inpatient treatment and at discharge (3–4 weeks later), and scores were compared with community controls (n = 50). Results Compared with controls, cocaine-dependent individuals reported difficulties relating to understanding emotions, managing emotions and impulse control in the first week of abstinence. With continued abstinence, cocaine-dependent individuals showed continued difficulties only in impulse control. Conclusion Cocaine-dependent individuals report emotion regulation difficulties, particularly during early abstinence. Additionally, protracted distress-related impulse control problems suggest potential relapse vulnerability.
LOCAL COMPOSITIONS IN THERMODYNAMIC EXCESS FUNCTIONS FOR LIQUID MIXTURES

A critical discussion is given of the use of local compositions for representation of excess Gibbs energies of liquid mixtures. A new equation is derived, based on Scott's two-liquid model and on an assumption of nonrandomness similar to that used by Wilson. For the same activity coefficients at infinite dilution, the Gibbs energy of mixing is calculated with the new equation as well as the equations of van Laar, Wilson, and Heil; these four equations give similar results for mixtures of moderate nonideality but they differ appreciably for strongly nonideal systems, especially for those with limited miscibility. The new equation contains a nonrandomness parameter α12 which makes it applicable to a large variety of mixtures. By proper selection of α12, the new equation gives an excellent representation of many types of liquid mixtures while other local composition equations appear to be limited to specific types. Consideration is given to prediction of ternary vapor-liquid and ternary liquid-liquid equilibria based on binary data alone.
Politics, Inequality and State Priorities for Higher Education

As the overall climate in state policy for higher education has changed, so has states’ spending priorities and funding efforts relative to wealth. This paper examines the variability in states’ policy priorities for higher education among different types of institutions and students. Using a panel dataset for 49 states from 1976 to 2006, the analysis shows that partisanship, government ideology and income inequality have conditional effects on states’ priorities. With fewer Democrats in the legislature, more inequality is related to less spending on research-intensive universities. Democrats in liberal states favor spending on institutions versus student financial aid.
Differential regulation of kallikrein, kininogen, and kallikrein-binding protein in arterial hypertensive rats

This study was designed to determine whether the kallikrein-kinin system exerts a protective action in hypertension induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 40 mg/100 ml water) was given orally to Sprague-Dawley rats, while controls received regular tap water. Hepatic kininogen mRNA levels in the L-NAME-treated group were 2.9- and 2.5-fold higher at 3 and 4 wk, respectively, compared with control rats, whereas kallikrein-binding protein (KBP) mRNA levels were 82% and 45% of the values found in control rats at 3 and 4 wk, respectively. There was no significant change in hepatic alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA levels under the same conditions. At 3 and 4 wk post L-NAME treatment, renal kallikrein mRNA levels were 2.5- and 3.4-fold higher than in controls, whereas renal beta-actin mRNA levels were similar between groups. Changes in the transcript levels of renal kallikrein, kininogen, and KBP were consistent with their protein levels. Immunoreactive total kininogen and low-Mr kininogen levels in sera and tissue kallikrein levels in kidney were significantly higher in the L-NAME-treated group, whereas KBP levels in the circulation were lower compared with controls. Systolic blood pressure was increased by 58 +/- 4 mmHg after 4 wk of L-NAME treatment. This effect was enhanced in rats given L-NAME in combination with HOE-140, a bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist, at the dose of 100 micrograms/day ip (79 +/- 5 vs. 58 +/- 4 mmHg, P < 0.05). This difference was confirmed by direct measurement of mean blood pressure (MBP). An intra-arterial bolus injection of 200 ng bradykinin significantly decreased MBP of L-NAME-treated rats, and this effect was blunted in the group treated with the bradykinin antagonist (-29 +/- 3 vs. -9 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.01). These results suggest that enhanced kallikrein and kininogen synthesis may have a protective role against the cardiovascular effects induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis.
DA1 receptor mediated regulation of Na(+)-H+ antiport activity in rat renal cortical brush border membrane vesicles.

Our previous studies indicate that dopamine (DA) plays an important role in regulating renal sodium (Na+) metabolism during high Na+ intake, and that DA1 receptors are involved in natriuretic response to acute volume expansion. It has also been shown that in addition to the changes in renal hemodynamics, the natriuretic response produced by exogenously administered DA and DA1 receptor agonists appears to be due to alterations in renal tubular sodium transport mechanisms. This study was designed to investigate the DA1 receptor-mediated changes in Na+-H+ antiport activity in tubular brush border membranes of rat kidney. The Na+-H+ antiport activity, measured as the amiloride-sensitive Na+ influx in BBMV, was inhibited by 37%, 46%, 33%, and 42% by 1 μM DA, SKF 82958, SKF 38393, and fenoldopam respectively. The DA1 antagonist SCH 23390 increased the antiport activity when given alone, while when administered with an agonist it attenuated the effects of the agonist on the antiporter. DA2 agonists and antagonis...
Educational Quality Matters for Development: A Model of Trade, Inequality, and Endogenous Growth

This paper addresses the dynamics of income inequality, both within and across countries, using an endogenous growth model with North–South trade and endogenous educational choice. The dynamics of income inequality is found to depend on the ability of workers to adapt to new technologies, captured by the quality of education. For developing countries with low quality of education, I find Southern trade liberalization leads to: (1) an overall decline in effective human capital; (2) an inverted U-shape transition of income inequality, where within-country inequality increases in the initial periods following a reduction in trade barriers; and (3) divergence in terms of average income in the short and long run. However, in cases where the South has a high quality of education, workers are better equipped to adapt to new technologies, and trade liberalization induces an U-shape dynamic transition of within-country income inequality, where income inequality can decline in the transition. This paper highlights the critical role the quality of education plays in explaining the variations in the observed dynamics of income inequality in developing countries.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry of Hydrophobic Proteins in Mixtures

MALDI-MS sample/matrix preparations tailored to display the hydrophobic protein constituents of mixtures are described. Sinapinic, ferulic, DHB, 4-hydroxybenzylidene malononitrile, and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole matrices perform well in these formulations, effective in revealing lipid-acylated proteins and the abundant, water-insoluble ATPase proteolipid from Escherichia coli whole cell mixtures. Among the cocktails examined, 50% H2O/33% 2-propanol/17% formic acid is preferred, primarily for its slow rate of serine/threonine formylation, an artifactual modification induced by many formic acid-containing solutions. The rates of protein formylation measured for different formic-acid containing cocktails will guide solvent selection for other hydrophobic protein applications, such as extracting intact proteins from polyacrylamide gels or solubilizing membrane proteins for ESI-MS. Additional strategies for hydrophobic protein analysis, such as detergent addition and liquid-liquid extraction are also discussed briefly.
Dorsoventral Hippocampus: Subregional Importance in Anxiety and Olfactory Learning and Memory

Evidence from several study techniques has provided substantial support to suggest that the hippocampus (HPP) plays an important role in learning and memory, which has been generally accepted by the scientific community. Dorsoventral lesion studies of the HPP, along with electrophysiological and other methods, have indicated that the dorsal axis of the HPP plays an important role in spatial processing and the ventral axis is important for anxiety as well as olfactory learning and memory. For example, evidence indicates that the hippocampal CA1 subregion is important in temporal learning and memory processes for spatial (dorsal) as well as olfactory (ventral) information. Studies have shown that the same dorsoventral relationship may hold for the CA3 subregion in pattern completion processes for odor information. Recent evidence has indicated parallel processing fidelity across the dorsoventral axis of the dentate gyrus (DG) for spatial and olfactory pattern separation. While there have been extensive investigations of spatial pattern completion, pattern separation, and temporal learning and an ever-increasing consensus on those processes, there have been far fewer reports and thus a lack of consensus for definitions of these parallel processes in regard to olfaction, with subregional anxiety processes being least understood. Further studies are necessary to understand how ventral subregions of the HPP contribute to learning and memory. Such research may yield increasing understanding of processes such as “odor pattern completion” and “anxiety-based pattern separation.”
Comparison of the Toxicity., Parasporal Body Protein Composition, and Plasmid Complements of Nine Isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis

Toxicity, parasporal body composition, and plasmid complements of nine isolates of the mosquitocidal bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (H-14) obtained from international standards (Institute Pasteur Standard 78, IPS-80, IPS-82), field isolations (2013-9, 2013-9+), and experimental or commercial formulations (R-153-78, Bactimos, Teknar, Vectobac) were compared. For all isolates, LC50’s for fourth-instar Aedes aegypti (L.) were in the range of 9–13 ng/ml, except for R-153-78 (392 ng/ml) and 2013-9 (2,767 ng/ml). Toxicity of the latter two isolates was low because most colonies produced low levels of parasporal bodies, a situation corrected by selecting for colonies that were high in numbers of parasporal bodies. LC50’s for the purified parasporal bodies of all isolates were 3–4 ng/ml; no significant differences were obtained among the isolates. Plasmid complements and parasporal body composition of all isolates were also similar. However, isolates IPS-80, IPS-82, Bactimos, and Vectobac lacked a small plasmid of 4.9 megadaltons (mDa). The marked similarity of the nine isolates suggests that most, if not all, isolates of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis under study or development as insecticides are closely related to ONR 60A, the original isolate from Israel.
Titanium(IV) Trifluoromethyl Complexes: New Perspectives on Bonding from Organometallic Fluorocarbon Chemistry

Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane, (CH3)3SiCF3, in the presence of CsF serves as an excellent CF3 group-transfer reagent, and reaction with Cp2TiF2 in THF gives the titanocene trifluoromethyl fluoride complex Cp2Ti(CF3)(F) (1; Cp = C5H5) in 60% isolated yield. Reaction of complex 1 with the trimethylsilyl reagents, (CH3)3SiX (X = OTf = OSO2CF3, Cl, Br, I, N3, and OSO2Ph), in a tetrahydrofuran or toluene solution affords the corresponding Ti–CF3 derivatives Cp2Ti(CF3)(X) (X = OTf (2), Cl (12), Br (13), I (14), N3 (15), and OSO2Ph (16)) in good isolated yields of 67–84%. These compounds have been characterized by a combination of reactivity studies, IR and 1H/13C{1H}/19F NMR spectroscopies, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Ti–CF3 linkage in these complexes is remarkably robust, and although the α-C–F bonds are elongated, there is no evidence of an α-fluoride (Ti···F–CF2) between the electrophilic Ti(IV) metal center and any of the C–F bonds in the trifluoromethyl group in the solid-state or in solutio...
Reference Groups of Future-Oriented Men

portant public state and national offices. Will "labor" then continue its conventional attitudes and stereotyped phrases regarding "workers," "toilers," "wage slaves," versus the owning, employing, and managerial "classes"; the "exploitation" of "labor" by "capital"; and the whole semantic tangle which today obscures the realities in the literature of the so-called "class struggle"? The various polling agencies would do well to explore more comprehensively and intensively than they have done hitherto the relation of occupation, income, and other criteria of status to ideological affiliation. Actually what is needed is a more direct and comprehensive study of the value systems of the population as the basic determinant of their "class" affiliation. Present notions of class alignments are based on an assumed high correlation of (a) such objective characteristics as occupation and income with (b) basic value systems and resulting political alignments. In the last decade reliable methods of more direct and dependable study of class alignments according to basic value systems have been developed. On the basis of more refined and comprehensive research of this kind, much of the present confusion in the discussion of social classes both on national and international levels would be greatly clarified.8
Association of BMI with Blood Pressure and Blood Biochemical Indicators among Drilling Workers

[Objective] To explore the association of drilling workers' body mass index(BMI) with blood pressure,blood lipids,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and level of fatty liver,in order to provide a theoretical basis to improve workers' health by changing their bad habits.[Methods] A total of 927 drilling workers in Shengli Oilfield were enrolled.Based on their medical examination data,the participants were categorized into three groups each by their age,length of service,and BMI,in comparison of blood pressure,serum ALT,cholesterol,and prevalence of fatty liver.[Results] The prevalence of overweight,obesity,high blood pressure,abnormal ATL,dyslipidemia,and fatty liver of drilling workers examined were 39.27%,18.66%,30.85%,9.28%,39.59%,and 37.65% respectively.The last four indicators were significantly increased with age,length of service,and BMI.[Conclusion] Among the drilling workers in Shengli Oilfield,hypertension,hyperlipaemia,serum,elevated aminotransferases,and the prevalence of fatty liver all increased with age,length of service,and BMI,and the prevalence in overweight and obese groups were significantly higher than that in normal BMI group.
Preliminary Study on Technology Transfer Problems in Agricultural Research Institute-A Case Study in Hunan Rice Research Institute

Technology transfer plays a critical role in the conversion of technological achievements into productivity.As the main food crop in China,it is a matter of improving the technology transfer efficiency of paddy rice.Through investigating the status quo of technology transfer in Hunan Rice Research Institute,the problems existing in the process of technological achievements transfer in rice industry even in whole agricultural industry were analyzed based on statistical data of Hunan's statistical yearbooks and reference documents,and some improving suggestions were proposed from the point of research institute.
Indexes evaluation for the profit quality of a listed corporation

On the basis of cash flow statement,some indexes,which will be used to evaluate the profit quality of a corporation on the market,are put forward.Such as,rate of net cash flows from operating activities on operating profit,rate of the main operating cash receipts on the main operating revenue,rate of net cash flows from operating activities on net income,rate of cash gross margin percentage on product gross margin percentage and rate of cash receipts from investing income on investing income.The paper gives the evaluating standards and elaborates the evaluating method for the profit quality of a corporation on the market with an illustration.The result reflects that on the basis of these indexes we can find the reality of the operating results that financial statements reflect.All this is a good reference for investors to make decisions.
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of drug-receptor interactions. The binding of epinphrine to isolated mouse liver cells.

Using a technique based on the relaxation phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance, the interaction of a drug and its receptor site has been directly observed in an intact cellular system. The NMR spectrum of epinephrine is altered by the presence of liver cells in a manner characteristic of a binding interaction. The spectral changes permit certain conclusions to be drawn about time nature of the binding. Dichloroisoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, competitively inhibits the changes in the epinephrine spectrum while its own spectrum exhibits evidence of binding.
Interpersonal Blame and Perceptions of Choice

Blame judgments may be impacted by choice at both a situational level (through vignette manipulation) and an individual level (assessments of attitudes). College students, 264 women and 73 men, from a central Texas university read one of six vignettes describing a target individual, a freshman student having academic problems, and completed free will and agency attitude items. Vignettes manipulated choice wording (made a choice, no choice, or neutral) and target’s background (inner city or advantaged). Greater blame was associated with a privileged background and with a choice mindset, but not with individual-level assessments for free will and agency. Perhaps using choice wording and describing a wealthier background leads to the perception that target individuals “could have done otherwise,” resulting in more blame.
Genetic factors in drug abuse and dependence.

The etiology of drug abuse/dependence is a complex interplay of psychosocial and biological factors. These factors include socioeconomic status, education, drug availability, peer pressure, childhood and adult comorbid psychiatric disorders, and specific mutant genes. The emphasis of this chapter is on the role that genetic factors play in an individual's vulnerability to drug abuse/dependence, henceforth simply referred to as drug abuse. One major point is that there are no genes unique to causing drug abuse. Instead there are genes that alter the normal function of the central nervous system as manifested by a wide range of interrelated impulsive, compulsive, addictive, affective, and anxiety behaviors. One of the outcomes or associated behaviors of attempting to cope with these disorders is substance abuse. In this light, the genetics of any one of these interrelated behaviors has relevance to drug abuse. Drug abuse is not an island unto itself.
Mantle cell lymphoma presenting as cardiac tamponade.

![Figure][1] A 49-year-old woman with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency room for mild shortness of breath, flulike symptoms of 1 week duration, and myalgia and yellow vaginal discharge of 1 month duration. Moderate pericardial effusion was found upon admission
Combined papillary muscle sling and ring annuloplasty for moderate-to-severe secondary mitral regurgitation.

BACKGROUND There is a 30–60% incidence of recurrent mitral regurgitation (MR) after mitral valve annuloplasty (Ring) for secondary MR. A concomitant papillary muscle sling (Ring+Sling) may improve valve repair by providing a more physiologic geometry of the mitral apparatus. METHODS We retrospectively identified 58 consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe secondary MR who underwent a Ring+Sling repair, between March 2008 and May 2015. A Ring+Sling consisted of combined annuloplasty and papillary muscle approximation, utilizing a 4-mm polytetrafluoroethylene graft placed around the base of each muscle. Comparison of echocardiographic variables with patients who underwent a Ring only was performed utilizing 2:1 propensity-score matching (Ring+Sling = 34; Ring = 17). RESULTS The baseline demographics were similar between the groups. The mean time to follow-up echocardiogram was 10.1 months (range 0.25–42 months). At follow-up, a Ring+Sling repair was associated with a lower mitral valve tenting height (p = 0.005), mitral valve tenting area (p = 0.009), and interpapillary muscle distance (p = 0.001); a smaller posterior leaflet tethering angle (p = 0.003); and a greater leaflet coaptation length (p = 0.002), when compared with Ring only. Recurrence of moderate or greater MR occurred significantly less in the Ring+Sling group (14.7%), as compared with Ring only (35.3%) (p < 0.001). Finally, actuarial survival at three years was 87% for Ring+Sling, and 82% for Ring only (p = 0.49). CONCLUSIONS A Ring+Sling for secondary MR results in favorable changes in the mitral valve apparatus geometry, and is associated with less MR recurrence in the early postoperative period. Longer-term follow-up is needed to assess its durability and effects on left ventricular remodeling and survival.
Parsimonious shooting heuristic for trajectory design of connected automated traffic part II: Computational issues and optimization

Abstract Advanced connected and automated vehicle technologies enable us to modify driving behavior and control vehicle trajectories, which have been greatly constrained by human limits in existing manually-driven highway traffic. In order to maximize benefits from these technologies on highway traffic management, vehicle trajectories need to be not only controlled at the individual level but also coordinated collectively for a stream of traffic. As one of the pioneering attempts to highway traffic trajectory control, Part I of this study ( Zhou et al., 2016 ) proposed a parsimonious shooting heuristic (SH) algorithm for constructing feasible trajectories for a stream of vehicles considering realistic constraints including vehicle kinematic limits, traffic arrival patterns, car-following safety, and signal operations. Based on the algorithmic and theoretical developments in the preceding paper, this paper proposes a holistic optimization framework for identifying a stream of vehicle trajectories that yield the optimum traffic performance measures on mobility, environment and safety. The computational complexity and mobility optimality of SH is theoretically analyzed, and verifies superior computational performance and high solution quality of SH. A numerical sub-gradient-based algorithm with SH as a subroutine (NG-SH) is proposed to simultaneously optimize travel time, a surrogate safety measure, and fuel consumption for a stream of vehicles on a signalized highway section. Numerical examples are conducted to illustrate computational and theoretical findings. They show that vehicle trajectories generated from NG-SH significantly outperform the benchmark case with all human drivers at all measures for all experimental scenarios. This study reveals a great potential of transformative trajectory optimization approaches in transportation engineering applications. It lays a solid foundation for developing holistic cooperative control strategies on a general transportation network with emerging technologies.
Analysis of the Human Immune Repertoire using Human Monoclonal Antibodies

The investigations of the human immune response to cancer and other diseases have been hampered by the difficulty in determining the specificity of low-titered antibodies in serum, and the inability to define the specificity of individual lymphocytes. In order to study these issues, we developed the hybridoma technology so that human monoclonal antibodies (hM Ab) could be reliably and reproducibly obtained. Using a variety of fusion partners of both mouse and human origin, a large number of human immunoglobulin-secreting hybrids have been generated. We have found that 5 to 10% of the hybridomas produced secrete hM Ab reactive with antigens (Ag) expressed by human cells. Specificity analysis and cellular localization studies of the Ag have been performed for a large number of these hM Ab, and several general points have emerged from our study: (A) A significant proportion of the evaluable B-cell repertoire is directed to the production of antibodies reactive with Ags expressed by human cells. (B) The great majority of these Ags have an intracellular location, and are broadly distributed, being expressed by both normal and malignant cells. (C) Intracellular and cell surface differentiation Ags and other Ags with restricted distribution have been defined by hM Ab, including a series of cell surface and intracellular Ags not detected on normal cells. (D) The relationship of these findings to cancer is unclear as hM Ab showing distinctive distributions have been generated from the lymphocytes of normal individuals as well as tumor-bearing patients. (E) hM Ab with distributions distinct from any known mouse monoclonal antibodies (mM Ab) have been obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Proton pinhole imaging on the National Ignition Facility

Pinhole imaging of large (mm scale) carbon-deuterium (CD) plasmas by proton self-emission has been used for the first time to study the microphysics of shock formation, which is of astrophysical relevance. The 3 MeV deuterium-deuterium (DD) fusion proton self-emission from these plasmas is imaged using a novel pinhole imaging system, with up to five different 1 mm diameter pinholes positioned 25 cm from target-chamber center. CR39 is used as the detector medium, positioned at 100 cm distance from the pinhole for a magnification of 4 ×. A Wiener deconvolution algorithm is numerically demonstrated and used to interpret the images. When the spatial morphology is known, this algorithm accurately reproduces the size of features larger than about half the pinhole diameter. For these astrophysical plasma experiments on the National Ignition Facility, this provides a strong constraint on simulation modeling of the experiment.
MRI-Based Assessment of Intralesional Delivery of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Model of Equine Tendonitis

Ultrasound-guided intralesional injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is held as the benchmark for cell delivery in tendonitis. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the immediate cell distribution following intralesional injection of MSCs. Unilateral superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) lesions were created in the forelimb of six horses and injected with 10 × 106 MSCs labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) under ultrasound guidance. Assays were performed to confirm that there were no significant changes in cell viability, proliferation, migration, or trilineage differentiation due to the presence of SPIOs. Limbs were imaged on a 1.5-tesla clinical MRI scanner postmortem before and after injection to determine the extent of tendonitis and detect SPIO MSCs. Clusters of labeled cells were visible as signal voids in 6/6 subjects. Coalescing regions of signal void were diffusely present in the peritendinous tissues. Although previous reports have determined that local injury retains cells within a small radius of the site of injection, our study shows greater than expected delocalization and relatively few cells retained within collagenous tendon compared to surrounding fascia. Further work is needed if this is a reality in vivo and to determine if directed intralesional delivery of MSCs is as critical as presently thought.
Exploring the Relationship Between Computer-Mediated Communication, Sexual Identity Commitment, and Well-Being Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adolescents

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents are avid users of computer-mediated communication (CMC), but few empirical studies have investigated the function of CMC in the lives of LGB youth. Grounded in the media practice model, the present study explored the relationships among CMC, sexual identity commitment, and well-being by surveying LGB adolescents (N = 570). Results indicated that a positive relationship existed between time spent on social network sites and well-being that was mediated by sexual identity commitment. Time spent instant messaging, sending/receiving e-mail, or in chat rooms was not related to sexual identity commitment or well-being. Social network sites may aid LGB youth in understanding their sexual identities in ways that other CMC modalities cannot.
In vivo efficacy of the CD40 agonist antibody CP-870,893 against a broad range of tumor types: Impact of tumor CD40 expression, dendritic cells, and chemotherapy

2514 Background: CP-870,893 is a fully human IgG2 CD40 agonist antibody currently in early clinical trials. In vitro studies demonstrate its ability to bind human CD40 and enhance dendritic cell co...
A non-parametric method for feature selection

A non-parametric feature selection technique is proposed. It is hoped that a finite number of classes is represented by some finite number of unknown probability structures which are distributed in a finite discrete measurement space. No assumptions of statistical independence between pattern measurements will be made. The proposed non-parametric feature selection criterion is based on the direct estimation of the minimal expected error rates for a given data set of training samples and is independent from the classification technique used. The properties of the proposed feature section are demonstrated using data from agricultural remote sensing.
Examination of the Human Cytochrome P4503A4 Induction Potential of PF-06282999, an Irreversible Myeloperoxidase Inactivator: Integration of Preclinical, In Silico, and Biomarker Methodologies in the Prediction of the Clinical Outcome

The propensity for CYP3A4 induction by 2-(6-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetamide (PF-06282999), an irreversible inactivator of myeloperoxidase, was examined in the present study. Studies using human hepatocytes revealed moderate increases in CYP3A4 mRNA and midazolam-1'-hydroxylase activity in a PF-06282999 dose-dependent fashion. At the highest tested concentration of 300 μM, PF-06282999 caused maximal induction in CYP3A4 mRNA and enzyme activity ranging from 56% to 86% and 47% t0 72%, respectively, of rifampicin response across the three hepatocyte donor pools. In a clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) study, the mean midazolam Cmax and area under the curve (AUC) values following 14-day treatment with PF-06282999 decreased in a dose-dependent fashion with a maximum decrease in midazolam AUC0-inf and Cmax of ∼57.2% and 41.1% observed at the 500 mg twice daily dose. The moderate impact on midazolam pharmacokinetics at the 500 mg twice daily dose of PF-06282999 was also reflected in statistically significant changes in plasma 4β-hydroxycholesterol/cholesterol and urinary 6β-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratios. Changes in plasma and urinary CYP3A4 biomarkers did not reach statistical significance at the 125 mg three times daily dose of PF-06282999, despite a modest decrease in midazolam systemic exposure. Predicted DDI magnitude based on the in vitro induction parameters and simulated pharmacokinetics of perpetrator (PF-06282999) and victim (midazolam) using the Simcyp (Simcyp Ltd., Sheffield, United Kingdom) population-based simulator were in reasonable agreement with the observed clinical data. Since the magnitude of the 4β-hydroxycholesterol or 6β-hydroxycortisol ratio change was generally smaller than the magnitude of the midazolam AUC change with PF-06282999, a pharmacokinetic interaction study with midazolam ultimately proved important for assessment of DDI via CYP3A4 induction.
PTSD as a risk factor for the development of violence among juvenile offenders: a group-based trajectory modeling approach

Violent offending is a public health problem disproportionately perpetrated by adolescents. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been identified as a risk factor that increases an individual's odds of engaging in violent behavior. Juvenile offenders are a population indicated to be at high risk of the development and perpetuation of violent behavior across the life course. Despite the fact that PTSD also has a high prevalence among juvenile offenders, there has yet to be any research examining PTSD as a risk factor for violent offending among juvenile offenders. Furthermore, very little research has examined the development specifically of violent offending across adolescence among juvenile offenders. Using group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM), this research found four distinct violence trajectories that juvenile offenders followed through adolescence (Abstaining, Moderate Stable, Desisting, High Chronic). Using multinomial logistic regression, PTSD was found to more than double the risk of assignment to all three trajectory groups that demonstrated violent behavior at some point in adolescence relative to the Abstaining reference group. This research adds to the limited research conducted on the development of violent behavior through adolescence among juvenile offenders using the GBTM method. Furthermore, results indicate that PTSD is a risk factor for the perpetration of violent behavior. These results suggest that juvenile offenders may desist from violence even after high rates of violence have already been achieved and that screening of trauma victims may be important for providing juvenile offenders suffering from PTSD with proper treatment to mitigate risk of violent behavior.
Controlled nanoparticle synthesis via opposite-polarity electrospray pyrolysis

Abstract We report on a novel approach for the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles of uniform size and composition that is well suited to particle functionalization and scaleup. It relies on Electrospray Pyrolysis (ESP) in which charged, monodisperse liquid precursor droplets are first generated, then electrically neutralized by a second ES of opposite polarity and finally carried through a furnace for the synthesis of the desired nanoparticle, with each droplet serving as a nanoreactor in an environment of independently controlled temperature and residence time. We apply the approach to metal nitrates and synthesize a variety of metal oxides and mixed metal oxides, carbon coated nanoparticles, and hybrid structures of metal oxide-decorated graphene. In a proof-of-concept demonstration of inexpensive scale-up of the technique, we synthesize metal oxides using an array of ESs operating in parallel and a corona discharge to neutralize them, demonstrating the expected increase in nanoparticle production rate. Electrospray scaling laws and knowledge of flow rate(s) as well as physical properties of the liquid precursor(s) enable apriori determination of nanoparticle size, facilitating the selection of the synthesis protocol.
Nikolaus Wachsmann. KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps.

June 28, 2016 Harold Marcuse, Featured Review for American Historical Review, of: KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps, by Nikolaus Wachsmann, (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015), 865 pp., cloth $40. review: 2574 words with 130 struck through = 2444 (2500 max) The title of this prodigious but eminently readable work, KL, is programmatic. Instead of the more commonly known and used abbreviation for the German Konzentrationslager, KZ, Nikolaus Wachsmann has chosen the official Nazi abbreviation, which was guarded like a trademark by the system's potentate, Heinrich Himmler, who did not want competing camps outside of his system. KL reflects Wachsmann's attempt to roll back the veils of historiography and memory to reveal the system as seen by its contemporaries as it unfolded over time. This undertaking synthesizes numerous works of German scholarship, which since the 1990s have drawn upon a wealth of newly available sources to shed light on many aspects of the Nazi camp system. While a meticulous and innovative overview of the Nazi concentration camp system based on the latest scholarly research would already be a significant achievement, Wachsmann combines this scholarship with an encyclopedic knowledge of published and unpublished survivor accounts. The many corrective and illustrative anecdotes that lace this dense account also keep it engaging. Additionally, Wachsmann is attentive to the broader social, political and economic contexts within which the camp system evolved and operated. This enables him to revise longstanding preconceptions about the camp system, which have persisted because of its unique historiography. A look back at previous attempts to portray the entire system highlights the achievement embodied by KL. The first such attempt was made by Eugen Kogon, a non-party-affiliated anti-Nazi who was liberated from Buchenwald, where he had been imprisoned since 1939. Immediately after liberation the US Army commissioned the scholar-journalist to write a report about the camp system. Over the following months Kogon augmented and reworked his original Buchenwald Report, publishing it under the title Der SS-Staat in 1946. It was translated into English in 1950 as The Theory and Practice of Hell: The German Concentration Camps and the System Behind Them. Still in print today, the nearly 50 German editions and dozen translations of this book remained the only attempt at a comprehensive portrayal of Himmler's KL system until the 1990s. This is not to say that no scholars had written about the camps until then. Historians at the Munich Institute for Contemporary History (IfZ) compiled historical reports for the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial in 1963, soon published under the title Anatomy of the SS-State (1965, English 1968). Typical of works during this period, they were based almost exclusively on perpetrator-
Out-of-Plane Electromechanical Response of Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide Measured by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have recently been theoretically predicted and experimentally confirmed to exhibit electromechanical coupling. Specifically, monolayer and few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have been measured to be piezoelectric within the plane of their atoms. This work demonstrates and quantifies a nonzero out-of-plane electromechanical response of monolayer MoS2 and discusses its possible origins. A piezoresponse force microscope was used to measure the out-of-plane deformation of monolayer MoS2 on Au/Si and Al2O3/Si substrates. Using a vectorial background subtraction technique, we estimate the effective out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient, d33eff, for monolayer MoS2 to be 1.03 ± 0.22 pm/V when measured on the Au/Si substrate and 1.35 ± 0.24 pm/V when measured on Al2O3/Si. This is on the same order as the in-plane coefficient d11 reported for monolayer MoS2. Interpreting the out-of-plane response as a flexoelectric response, the effective flexoelectric coefficient, μeff*, is estim...
Between Nationalism and Internationalism: The German Chemical Society In Comparative Perspective, 1867-1945.

One-hundred fifty years ago, on the eve of German unification, about one-hundred people gathered in Berlin to found the German Chemical Society (DChG) under the charismatic leadership of August Wilhelm von Hofmann, who attracted a large international membership by promoting modern organic chemistry. By 1892, when Emil Fischer succeeded Hofmann, the DChG was the world's largest chemical society. Under Fischer the Society promoted international collaboration with foreign societies, and in 1900 it opened an impressive headquarters, the Hofmann House, where it centralized its greatly expanded literary activity including abstracts and reference publications. Yet a half-century later, after war and racial-national extremism, the house lay in ruins and the Society had ceased to exist. In remembering the Society, one may well ask why its auspicious beginning should have led to this ignominious end.
Non-Muslim Provinces under Early Islam: Islamic Rule and Iranian Legitimacy in Armenia and Caucasian Albania

Eighth- and ninth-century Armenia and Caucasian Albania were largely Christian provinces of the then Islamic Caliphate. Although they formed a part of the Iranian cultural sphere, they are often omitted from studies of both Islamic and Iranian history. In this book, Alison Vacca uses Arabic and Armenian texts to explore these Christian provinces as part of the Caliphate, identifying elements of continuity from Sasanian to caliphal rule, and, more importantly, expounding on significant moments of change in the administration of the Marwanid and early Abbasid periods. Vacca examines historical narrative and the construction of a Sasanian cultural memory during the late ninth and tenth centuries to place the provinces into a broader context of Iranian rule. This book will be of benefit to historians of Islam, Iran and the Caucasus, but will also appeal to those studying themes of Iranian identity and Muslim-Christian relations in the Near East.