cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving Shard Selection for Selective Search

The Selective Search approach processes large document collections efficiently by partitioning the collection into topically homogeneous groups (shards), and searching only a few shards that are estimated to contain relevant documents for the query. The ability to identify the relevant shards for the query, directly impacts Selective Search performance. We thus investigate three new approaches for the shard ranking problem, and three techniques to estimate how many of the top shards should be searched for a query (shard rank cutoff estimation). We learn a highly effective shard ranking model using the popular learning-to-rank framework. Another approach leverages the topical organization of the collection along with pseudo relevance feedback (PRF) to improve the search performance further. Empirical evaluation using a large collection demonstrates statistically significant improvements over strong baselines. Experiments also show that shard cutoff estimation is essential to balance search precision and recall.
College Presidents and Black Student Protests: A Historical Perspective on the Image of Racial Inclusion and the Reality of Exclusion

This essay revisits college presidents during the early 1960s to investigate the long history of how academic leaders manage racial unrest on college campuses. Throughout time, the concept of a wel...
Investigational PD-1 inhibitors in HL and NHL and biomarkers for predictors of response and outcome.

Introduction: Inhibitors against the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway are revolutionizing the treatment and management of malignancies.Areas covered: We summarize our current understanding of the function of PD-1, its role in immune evasion, the clinical data available that support the use of PD-1 antagonist in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and potential predictors of response.Expert opinion: We anticipate that in the next 10 years, agents that modulate the immune system such as PD-1 antagonists will be increasingly used in favor over traditional cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. PD-1 antagonists will be combined with future immunotherapies or used as adjuncts to cellular therapy to boost tumor-specific immune responses.
Using human-model interaction heuristics to enable model-centric enterprise transformation

Transformation of engineering under the digital paradigm is progressing at a rapid pace. Significant advancements have been made in model-based engineering approaches and technologies, yet there has been relatively little investigation of the complexities of human-model interaction. The purpose of this paper is to discuss recent research on human-model interaction that has informed a set of heuristics. These heuristics are proposed as practical enablers that can be used in transforming model-centric engineering culture. Four potential applications areas have been proposed for the heuristics as practical enablers for model-centric engineering practice. These are: educating novices, conducting expert forums, conducting program team launches, and informing policy and practice.1
Adaptive Decision Elements

This chapter discusses adaptive decision elements. The general objective of adaption in vote-takers is to give the reliable inputs more influence in determining the output than the unreliable inputs have. The chapter describes the systematic procedures, each of which could be directly carried out by electrical circuits that could be used to obtain an estimate of the best vote-weight. The simplest adaption procedure, called adaption method I, is a procedure in which the error probability of the output of a circuit is inferred from conditions in the circuit, such as a bias current. The quantity that indicates the error probability of the output of the circuit is used directly to set the vote-weight of the output in all later vote-takers. This is an open-loop adaption procedure, so it is stable and requires no special analysis. In a cyclic error-counting adaption procedure, the vote-weights are changed periodically, based on data collected during the computations in the period. Because cyclic error-counting adaption procedures are based on a fixed number of equally weighted observations, their analysis is sufficiently tractable to give quantitative insights into the behavior of error-counting adaptive systems.
Potential Applications of Multivariate Analysis of Variance to Psychopharmacogenetic Research

Recent advances in computer technology, the development of a variety of computer programs for multivariate data analyses, and new applications for multivariate analyses of variance place useful tools for the organization and analysis of research data at the disposal of the investigator who is concerned with psychophar-macogenetics and the nature of the relationship(s) between drugs, behavior and genotype. Unfortunately, many investigators have not taken advantage of multivariate approaches to data analysis. Reluctance of researchers in experimental psychology and psychopharmacogenetics to utilize these relatively new statistical tools is related to the fact that early descriptions were highly technical and thus difficult for the nonstatistician to readily comprehend. Moreover, the extensive statistical computations necessary to analyze data with multivariate techniques either precluded their application or made it exceedingly time consuming and tedious.
Clinically and Theoretically Derived Cerebellar Functions

A series of clinically and theoretically derived speculations regarding cerebellar functions are presented. The data is derived from clinical observations of dyslexics as well as neurophysiologic animal investigations. An attempt has been made to assimilate and integrate the resulting insights (Frank and Levinson, 1976–77) so as to explain: 1. the dynamic sensory-motor foreground/background filter function of the cerebellum; 2. the evolution of the cerebellum; 3. sensory-motor cerebellar learning; 4. the role of the cerebellum in processing the total sensory input; 5. the role of the cerebellum in modulating conscious and nonconscious perception; 6. the role of the cerebellum in motion sickness and motion-sickness mechanisms;
Strong Price of Anarchy, Utility Games and Coalitional Dynamics

We introduce a framework for studying the effect of cooperation on the quality of outcomes in utility games. Our framework is a coalitional analog of the smoothness framework of non-cooperative games. Coalitional smoothness implies bounds on the strong price of anarchy, the loss of quality of coalitionally stable outcomes. Our coalitional smoothness framework captures existing results bounding the strong price of anarchy of network design games. Moreover, we give novel strong price of anarchy results for any monotone utility-maximization game, showing that if each player’s utility is at least his marginal contribution to the welfare, then the strong price of anarchy is at most 2. This captures a broad class of games, including games that have a price of anarchy as high as the number of players. Additionally, we show that in potential games the strong price of anarchy is close to the price of stability, the quality of the best Nash equilibrium.
"Eye Dropping"-A Case Report of Transconjunctival Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Drug Abuse

Purpose To report a case of bilateral toxic corneal and conjunctival epitheliopathy secondary to administration of filter paper impregnated with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in the inferior conjunctival fornices. Methods This is a single case report of an 18-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with acute, bilateral eye pain and redness of 24 hours. The patient admitted to placing folded strips of blotting paper impregnated with LSD into the inferior fornices of his eyes the previous night. Results The patient was found to have localized bilateral corneal and conjunctival abrasions with underlying subconjunctival hemorrhage. Conjunctival abrasion was "kissing," involving the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva, corresponding to the presumed location of the filter paper. There was no corneal stromal opacification. He was lost to follow up within 1 week of initial presentation but stated that his symptoms improved. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bilateral hemorrhagic conjunctival abrasion and corneal abrasion secondary to LSD. "Kissing" conjunctival lesions, which have been previously reported with heroin use, should raise suspicion for drug abuse.
chromactive - Tangibility of Digital Information as an Interactive, Material Experience

Digital information is typically only understood via lengthy explanations or data visualizations. It is my goal to use data to create physical objects that can not only represent the information that was used to create them but also to provide an interaction that can reinforce (or contradict) the core foundation of their creation. Manipulation of design with generative methods to create objects is one possible output. However, with the utilization of interactive technologies, digital information can be output as physical means through the control of objects interactively. This is particularly poignant in the format of an installation where multiples of objects can be controlled via data streams and have additional feedback through user interaction. My hybridization of materials, techniques and technologies culminates into fabrications that are full of contradictions. At once inviting and intimidating, the mechanisms and intricate designs draw the viewer in for a closer look. However, the interactively triggered movement starts very abruptly, tending to startle the unprepared. Furthermore, the my forms evoke things found in nature (wings, water, etc) that are typically symbols of freedom and lightness but these are secured to the built environment, unable to escape. These hybrids - part animal, part machine - are musings on the consequences of progress, a cyborg possibility. They are assembled from 3D printed, machined and laser-cut parts so that they appear cold and high-tech, in direct contrast to the organic forms that they animate. They utilize contemporary micro-controller and sensor technology to achieve the interactive abilities that complete their lifelike facade. Amidst my work, the viewer is no longer a passive viewer but becomes an active participant. The pieces are activated by aspects of the presence of people and an unknowing collaboration occurs - a symbiosis of sorts, between the art and the audience.
Solutions of the Simple Recourse Problem

In this chapter we present solutions for that special case of problem (8.6.1), where h(x)= c T x, and the penalty function is given by (8.6.3). With the exception of Section 9.5 in the whole chapter we assume that the random vector ξ has a discrete probability distribution. The underlying deterministic problem is
The Use of Finite Element Analysis in Design, Life Prediction, and Failure Analysis of Biomaterials and Medical Devices

This chapter describes the adoption and application of finite element analysis (FEA) during the design and failure analysis of medical devices. FEA has been an important product development tool in the medical device industry, by allowing designers to explore various design options quickly and quantitatively. The chapter discusses some of the key steps and important considerations in applying the finite element method to the design and failure analysis of devices, and provides an example on how these steps are implemented in a nitinol inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) wire frame design and validation.
Post-index procedural gain in body mass index is associated with recurrent ileal pouch sinus after endoscopic or surgical therapy

Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis has become the standard surgical procedure for patients with ulcerative colitis who require colectomy. Presacral sinus is a common complication after the surgery. Pouch sinus results from chronic anastomotic or suture line leak. An excessive gain in body mass index (BMI) has been shown to be associated with poor pouch outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an increase in BMI was associated with recurrences of chronic pouch sinus after endoscopic or surgical treatment. All consecutive ulcerative colitis patients with an ileal pouch sinus successfully treated with either endoscopic sinusotomy or redo surgery from 2006 to 2016 were identified from our IRB approved, prospectively maintained Pouch Registry. An excessive gain in BMI was defined as an increase in BMI ≥ 10% from the baseline of the initial endoscopic or surgical treatment. The primary outcome was sinus recurrence after initial complete healing. This study included a total of 171 patients. Sinus recurrence was seen in 48 (28.1%) patients. A higher rate of recurrence of sinus was found in patients with BMI gain (≥ 10%) (22.9% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.01). However, the recurrence-free survival in Kaplan–Meier analysis between the BMI gain and non-BMI gain groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.10). In multivariate analysis, excessive BMI gain [odds ratio (OR) 3.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–9.0)] and Crohn’s disease of the pouch (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.0–8.1) were independently associated with sinus recurrence. The healing rate of recurrent sinus after subsequent endoscopic or surgical treatment was comparable between those who had an excessive increase in BMI and those who maintained a relatively stable weight (63.6% vs. 70.3%, p = 0.81). However, the recurrent presacral sinus-related pouch failure rate was numerically higher in patients with an excessive BMI gain (36.4% vs. 16.2%, p = 0.31). An excessive gain in BMI after initial successful pouch sinus treatment is associated with an increased risk for sinus recurrence. Weight control may help decrease the risk for recurrence of pouch sinus.
Effects of winter housing system on hygiene, udder health, frostbite, and rumination of dairy cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 winter (December to April) housing systems on dairy cow hygiene scores, frostbite, teat condition, clinical mastitis, and activity and rumination across 3 winter seasons (2013, 2014, and 2015). Certified-organic cows (n = 268) were randomly assigned to 2 treatments (2 replicates per system): (1) outdoor straw pack (outdoor) or (2) 3-sided compost-bedded pack barn (indoor). Cows calved during 2 seasons (spring or fall) at the University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center, Morris, Minnesota, organic dairy. Organic wheat straw was used as bedding for the 2 outdoor straw packs, and bedding was maintained by farm management to keep cows dry and absorb manure throughout the winter. The compost-bedded pack barn (2 pens in the barn) was bedded with organic-approved sawdust, and the bedding material was stirred twice per day with a small chisel plow. Hygiene scores were recorded biweekly as cows exited the milking parlor. Incidence of clinical mastitis was recorded in a binary manner as treated (1) or not treated (0) at least once during a lactation. Frostbite incidence was collected monthly. Activity and rumination times (daily and 2-h periods) were monitored electronically using a neck collar sensor (HR-LD Tags, SCR Dairy, Netanya, Israel). Indoor cows had greater udder hygiene scores (1.75 vs. 1.46) and greater abdomen hygiene scores (1.79 vs. 1.43) compared with outdoor cows. Additionally, the indoor cows had greater upper and lower leg hygiene scores compared with outdoor cows. Incidence of clinical mastitis was greater for indoor cows compared with outdoor cows (27.1% vs. 15.1%, respectively). Frostbite incidence was not different between indoor (30.1%) and outdoor (17.5%) cows. Daily rumination was 509 min/d for indoor cows and 530 min/d for the outdoor cows. In summary, lactating cows housed outdoors on straw-bedded packs had cleaner udders and improved udder health compared with cows housed in a compost-bedded pack barn.
Specialty Tough Hydrogels and Their Biomedical Applications

Hydrogels have long been explored as attractive materials for biomedical applications given their outstanding biocompatibility, high water content, and versatile fabrication platforms into materials with different physiochemical properties and geometries. Nonetheless, conventional hydrogels suffer from weak mechanical properties, restricting their use in persistent load-bearing applications often required of materials used in medical settings. Thus, the fabrication of mechanically robust hydrogels that can prolong the lifetime of clinically suitable materials under uncompromising in vivo conditions is of great interest. This review focuses on design considerations and strategies to construct such tough hydrogels. Several promising advances in the proposed use of specialty tough hydrogels for soft actuators, drug delivery vehicles, adhesives, coatings, and in tissue engineering settings are highlighted. While challenges remain before these specialty tough hydrogels will be deemed translationally acceptable for clinical applications, promising preliminary results undoubtedly spur great hope in the potential impact this embryonic research field can have on the biomedical community.
Soil temperature evaluation based on meteorological data

This study investigates soil temperature in Ghardaia based on the actual soil temperature as provided by the local meteorological data. The limestone soil is the most predominant type in the center and the east of Ghardaia, whereas the western part is dominated by sandstone soil.The determination of soil temperature requires knowledge of the nature of the soil. It was found that if air temperature was used as an inputparameter, that would yield results of high accuracy compared with the actual measured soil temperature. The nature of the soil affects its temperature, as well as the dephasing and the penetration of the temperature signal. The proposed methodology was validated and tested on limited data set recorded over three years of soil temperature evaluated in a semi-arid climate, In this regard, measurements of climate data have been taken into consideration to estimate the soil temperature. The objective of this study is to compare the results predicted and calculated based on the measured meteorological data (solar radiation, humidity, etc.), and compare the results with those of soil temperature at the unit of application. The experimental results show that the model was highly qualified for estimating soil temperature with high performance accuracy.
Bulk composition of regolith fines on lunar crater floors: Initial investigation by LRO/Mini-RF

Abstract Identifying polarimetric radar signatures of ice in smooth regolith fines on the floors of permanently shadowed lunar craters is hindered by uncertainties in their dielectric properties. We address this deficiency through polarimetric radar analysis of surface backscatter to derive the dielectric constant ( e r ′ ) of smooth, rock-free regolith fines covering brecciated crater floors observed by Mini-RF, which offer ideal locations for unambiguous retrieval of surface e r ′ from linear polarimetric scattering models and CPR analysis for volatile identification. Specifically, we select fines covering crater fills in north polar and equatorial regions to constrain the range of variability of e r ′ as a function of latitude and crater diameter, where we hypothesize that the latter is indicative of the excavation depth of these fines. Our observations suggest that there is measurable variability in the dielectric properties of fines on lunar crater floors as a function of crater size and potentially with impact excavation depth, suggesting that small craters e r ′ ranging from 2.3-to-3, and large ones >5-km have higher values of e r ′ that range from 3-to-3.8. We find that the most plausible explanation for the observed variability of e r ′ of regolith fines on crater floors is mineralogical differences, suggesting an increase in metal abundance in the original excavated substrate with depth, i.e., in the uppermost kilometer of the lunar crust. Finally, we suggest that regolith fines on the floors of permanently shadowed craters
ATYPICAL SPINDLE CELL NEOPLASM OF THE JAW MIMICKING A BENIGN LESION—A RARE CASE REPORT

Clinical Presentation Atypical spindle cell neoplasms are extremely rare lesions, especially in the jaws, and are well known for their aggressive behavior.1 We present the case of a 58-year-old male in whom this tumor was incidentally noted on routine dental examination. The tumor resembled a benign odontogenic lesion on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Because of its propensity for metastasis, positron emission tomography (PET)/CT was performed to rule out distant metastasis. Differential Diagnosis Correlating the innocuous clinical presentation with the radiographic appearance of well-defined nature of the lesion and its paracoronal position with respect to an impacted tooth, the differential diagnosis included dentigerous cyst, other odontogenic cyst, cystic ameloblastoma, and other benign odontogenic tumor. Because of the irregular margins, we assumed the lesion could have been secondarily infected. Diagnosis and Management Histopathologic examination revealed an atypical pleomorphic spindle cell neoplasm of indeterminate origin. The patient underwent segmental mandibulectomy with radical neck dissection. Follow-up PET/CT revealed mild fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) avidity in the left intraparotid lymph nodes. This could be a reactive process or recurrent/second primary tumor. A close follow-up after 3 months was recommended. Discussion Undifferentiated spindle cell sarcomas are high-grade, aggressive soft tissue sarcomas with no specific line of differentiation. To our knowledge, fewer than 30 cases have been reported. This case would be of specific interest to oral and maxillofacial radiologists because of its resemblance to a benign odontogenic lesion on CT and MRI. In conclusion, this malignancy can mimic benign lesions, and this may have significant influence on formulating the treatment plan, favoring a more conservative approach.
A systematic review of school-based social skills interventions and observed social outcomes for students with autism spectrum disorder in inclusive settings.

This review examined school-based social skills interventions for students with autism spectrum disorder who were educated in inclusive school settings. Secondary aims sought to explore observation...
Between Literature and Religion: Renata di Francia’s Literary Network

Brimming with intellectual debates over humanistic and religious matters, Renata’s court in Italy was particularly receptive to new ideas and reformed opinions about traditional Church dogmas. Furthermore, it was a space for a wide variety of religious backgrounds and where literature and the arts produced new models whose consumption and circulation were constantly evolving. This chapter analyzes Renata’s portrayals in four fairly unknown texts: Cinzio Giraldi’s sonnet “Donna, che togli con gentil costume,” Bernardo Zane’s sonnet “Alla Signora Madama e Duchessa di Ferrara Reniera da Este,” Suor Girolama Castellani’s canzone “Pensier, che pur mi desti a l’alta impresa,” and Oratio Brunetto’s dedication in his Lettere di Horatio Brunetto. This chapter demonstrates that in her role as Duchess of Ferrara, Renata persistently emerges as a guiding and spiritual light, one who provides assistance and comfort to the religiously and politically persecuted from all walks of life. All four writers, though previously underestimated, highlight Renata’s role as an influential and unwavering figurehead who mediated between the kings of France, the Habsburg emperor, and the Este dynasty, all while drawing strength from her tolerant humanistic circle.
Implementation and shared-memory evaluation of MPICH2 over the nemesis communication subsystem

This paper presents the implementation of MPICH2 over the Nemesis communication subsystem and the evaluation of its shared-memory performance. We describe design issues as well as some of the optimization techniques we employed. We conducted a performance evaluation over shared memory using microbenchmarks as well as application benchmarks. The evaluation shows that MPICH2 Nemesis has very low communication overhead, making it suitable for smaller-grained applications.
SOME RESULTS ON SINAI DIFFUSION

The diffusion of a particle in a one-dimensional random force field (Sinai diffusion) is studied using the replica method. This method, which maps the problem onto a quantum problem, is shown to be a simple and direct way to calculate the long-time diffusive behavior. Results for the distribution of the local Green's function, the particle distribution, and persistence are obtained.
Infection of a pancreatic pseudocyst due to Candida albicans.

ABSTRACT:A 40-year-old man with diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, alcoholic cirrhosis, and chronic pancreatitis had an exacerbation of pancreatitis due to alcohol abuse. His condition deteriorated rapidly with development of apparent sepsis; cultures were negative. He slowly improved with
Ultrafast dynamics via coherent exciton-plasmon coupling in quantum dot-metallic nanoparticle systems

When a quantum dot is in the vicinity of a metallic nanoparticle and is driven by a laser field, quantum coherence can renormalize the plasmon field of the metallic nanoparticle, forming a coherent-plasmonic field (CP field). We demonstrate that for a given form of variation of this laser field with time, the CP field around the metallic nanoparticle can offer different forms of ultrafast field dynamics, depending on the location. In other words, we show the coherent exciton-plasmon coupling in such a system allows it to act as coherent nanoantenna capable of generation position-dependent coherent-plasmonic dynamics, designating each location around the metallic nanoparticle with characteristic time-position coordinates. These investigations are carried out by demonstrating that the coherent dynamics responsible for these effects can persist in the presence of the ultrafast polarization dephasing of the quantum dots. This highlights the prospect of generation and preservation of quantum coherence effects in hybrid quantum dot-metallic nanoparticle systems at elevated temperatures. Therefore, even when the decoherence times of the quantum dots are of the order of several hundreds of femtoseconds, as observed at room temperature, such coherent dynamics can remain quite distinct and observable.
Plant regulation of soil nutrient distribution in the northern Chihuahuan Desert

Vegetation throughout the southwestern United States has changed from perennial grassland to woody shrubland over the past century. Previous studies on the development of ‘islands of fertility’ focused primarily on only the most limiting, plant-essential element, soil nitrogen (N). The research presented here addressed the question of whether other plant-essential elements, namely phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), showed similar concentration gradients under the desert shrub Larrea tridentata, creosotebush. It also examined whether the spatial distribution of N, P, and K differed from that of essential, but non-limiting nutrients, namely calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S), and non-essential elements, namely sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), and fluoride (F). Within adjacent grassland and shrubland plots, surface soils were collected under and between vegetation and analyzed for a suite of soil nutrients. Soil nutrient distribution followed a uniform pattern that mirrored the spatial homogeneity of bunchgrasses in the grassland, but followed a patchy distribution that mirrored the spatial heterogeneity of individual shrubs in the shrubland. The main differences were that in the grassland, all elements were uniformly distributed, but in the shrubland the plant-essential elements, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, were concentrated under the shrub canopy, and the non-limiting and non-essential elements were either concentrated in the intershrub spaces or were equally concentrated under shrubs and in the interspaces. Our results show how vegetation shifts from grassland to shrubland contribute to long-term, widespread change in the structure and function of desert ecosystems.
Green luminescence from Cu-diffused LiGaO2 crystals

Abstract An intense green luminescence is observed from single crystals of LiGaO2 doped with copper. Czochralski-grown undoped crystals are wrapped in thin copper foil and then held at 900 °C for 1 h in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere. Large concentrations of Cu+ ions enter the crystals during this process and occupy Li+ sites. These copper-diffused crystals are characterized with optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE), thermoluminescence (TL), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). An optical absorption band peaking near 350 nm is assigned to the Cu+ ions at Li+ sites and represents an excitation from a 3d10 ground state to a 3d94s1 excited state. A broad PL emission from these excited Cu+ ions has a peak near 523 nm and the related PLE band has a peak near 356 nm (this PLE band links the emission to the optical absorption band). Illuminating a Cu-diffused crystal at room temperature with 325 nm laser light converts a portion of the Cu+ ions to Cu2+ ions. EPR spectra from these 3d9 ions are easily seen at low temperatures and their angular dependence is used to determine the g matrix and the 63Cu hyperfine matrix. Subsequent heating produces a TL peak near 122 °C with a maximum in its spectral dependence near 535 nm. Correlated EPR measurements show that this TL peak occurs when trapped electrons are thermally released from unintentionally present transition-metal ions (most likely Fe) and recombine with holes at the Cu2+ ions.
Sex-Positive Law

Sexual pleasure is a valuable source of happiness and personal fulfillment. Yet several areas of law assume just the opposite — that sexual pleasure in itself has negligible value, and we sacrifice nothing of importance when our laws circumscribe it. Many laws even rely on the assumption that sexual pleasure merits constraint because it is inherently negative. These assumptions are so entrenched in our law that they remain largely unquestioned by courts, legislatures, and legal scholarship. This Article exposes and challenges the law’s unspoken assumption that sexual pleasure has negligible or negative value and examines how rejecting this assumption requires us to reconceptualize several areas of law. Until now, legal scholarship has lacked a robust analysis of how deeply this assumption runs through various areas of law and how fundamentally the law must change if we reject it. This Article fills that gap and provides a framework for "sex-positive" law that appropriately recognizes the intrinsic value of sexual pleasure. Such an approach transforms the debate surrounding several areas of law and requires lawmakers and legal scholars to undertake a more honest assessment of what we choose to regulate, what we fail to regulate, and our justifications for those choices.
"We Brought It upon Ourselves": University-Based Teacher Education and the Emergence of Boot-Camp-Style Routes to Teacher Certification.

The proliferation of boot-camp-style routes to teacher certification in the last two decades is seen by many university-based teacher educators as the result of the advancement of conservative interests aimed at de-professionalizing teaching. This essay argues that this view only accounts for one piece of the answer, the other one being that some of the foundational assumptions embedded in most university-based teacher education programs actually opened the doors for the boiling down of teacher preparation to the bare minimum. By situating the psychological sciences at the foundations of pedagogical knowledge and positioning them as the privileged lens to understand the learning subject, university-based teacher education has paved the way to its own disappearance. Both traditional and alternative routes to teaching can be understood, then, as part of the same system of thought, one that needs to be cracked open in order to be able to imagine other possibilities.
1,2-Dihydro-1,2-oxaborine: A Boron−Oxygen Heterocycle Isoelectronic with Benzene

1,2-Dihydro-2-phenyl-1,2-oxaborine (1b) has been prepared by the reaction of (2,3-dihydro-1,2-oxaborol-3-yl)potassium (8) with methylene chloride and KN(SiMe3)2. Structural characterization of the phenyl−Cr(CO)3 complex 9 suggests that the 1,2-dihydro-1,2-oxaborine ring has a π-delocalized structure.
Public displays of affect: deploying relational agents in public spaces

Design principles for deploying agents designed for social and relational interactions with users in public spaces are discussed. These principles are applied to the development of a virtual science museum guide agent that uses human relationship-building behaviors to engage visitors. The agent appears in the form of a human-sized anthropomorphic robot, and uses nonverbal conversational behavior, empathy, social dialogue, reciprocal self-disclosure and other relational behavior to establish social bonds with users. The agent also uses a biometric identification system so that it can re-identify visitors it has already talked to. Results from a preliminary study indicate that most users enjoy the conversational and relational interaction with the agent.
Novel Energy-Based Localization Technique for Multiple Sources

Source localization using acoustic sensor networks has been drawing a lot of research interest recently. In a sensor network, there are a large number of inexpensive sensors which are densely deployed in a region of interest. This dense deployment enables accurate intensity (energy)-based target localization. The maximum likelihood is the predominant objective which leads to a variety of source localization approaches. However, the investigation on the energy-based localization for multiple sources has been very rare. The corresponding robust and efficient algorithms are still being pursued by researchers nowadays. In this paper, we would like to combat the energy-based multiple-source localization problem. We propose two new algorithms, namely, alternating projection algorithm and expectation-maximization algorithm, which can combat the energy-based localization problem for multiple sources. Furthermore, we derive the Cramer-Rao lower bound for these two new methods. Through Monte Carlo simulations and theoretical analysis, we also compare the robustness and the computational complexity of these two algorithms.
On Bending of Curved Circular Tubes

Based on the improved general solution for a thin, circular tube subjected to in-plane end moments, the effect of the radius ratio on the stress distribution, rigidity, and stress intensification factors is studied. The existing asymptotic solutions are reexamined and modified to reflect the effect of the radius ratio. The modified asymptotic formulas are compared with the existing experimental results.
Assessing the response of watersheds to catastrophic (logging) and possible secular (global temperature change) perturbations using sediment-chemical chronologies

Abstract Geochemical profiles of sediment cores from two oligotrophic lakes (Elk and Mullett) in northern Lower Michigan were studied to examine the response and recovery of watersheds to large-scale logging that occurred between 1850 and 1920. Specific questions addressed were: can the impact of extensive clear-cutting of forests be recognized in the sediment-chemical chronologies, can states of system stability be identified prior to the logging, and are there indications that the systems are recovering and possibly returning to a stable state? To answer these questions, elements were put into four groups as proxies for watershed runoff or export (e.g., Al, Mg), pollution (e.g., Pb, Cu), redox (e.g., Fe, As), and productivity (e.g., Ca, P). It was observed that vertical patterns of all proxies were influenced by logging and the early increases in concentration of pollution proxies were due to increased watershed export, not pollution. System stability might be recognized by relatively symmetrical vertical patterns among all of the proxies or secular changes of slowly increasing or decreasing vertical concentration trajectories. Some pre-logging trajectories were punctuated by episodes of slightly elevated concentrations that appear to be related to comparatively warmer periods during the Little Ice Age. Iron and Mn enrichments caused by increased watershed runoff might be misinterpreted as paleo-redox horizons. Results are interpreted to indicate that (1) reference conditions may be better defined as the temporal trends among proxy groups and not individual concentrations, (2) simply assuming pre-1800 conditions as a reference may not be appropriate, (3) inter-proxy group comparisons are needed to help for interpretations of intra-proxy group patterns, (4) the possible regime shift identified here might be expected for other ecosystems because of the intensity of human disturbances and secular changes, and (5) without consideration of a possible regime shift, recovery from logging is estimated to be on the order of 75–130 a, but shorter if regime shifts are considered.
Design of salt-insensitive glycine-rich antimicrobial peptides with cyclic tricystine structures.

Cyclic peptide backbone and cystine constraints were used to develop a broadly active salt-insensitive antimicrobial peptide [Gly6]ccTP 1a with eight Gly residues in an 18-residue sequence. The importance of rigidity and amphipathicity imparted by the cyclic and cystine constraints was examined in two peptide series based on tachyplesin, a known β-stranded antimicrobial peptide. The first series, which retained the charge and hydrophobic amino acids of tachyplesin, but contained zero to four covalent constraints, included a cyclic tricystine tachyplesin (ccTP 1). Corresponding [Gly6] analogues were prepared in a parallel series with all six bulky hydrophobic amino acids in their sequences replaced with Gly. Circular dichroism measurements showed that ccTP 1 and [Gly6]ccTP 1a exhibited well-ordered β-sheet structures, while the less constrained [Gly6] analogues were disordered. Except for linear peptides assayed under high-salt conditions, peptides with increased or decreased conformational constraints ret...
A generalization of Piéron's law to include background intensity and latency distribution

Abstract Pieron's law, which formulates the effect of the signal intensity i on the mean or the median reaction time (MRT) as a power function, MRT = R + i - β C , in which R , β and C are positive parameters, is of much interest in the simple reaction time literature. In particular, consistent estimates of β are obtained. However, this law offers no information regarding the effect of the signal intensity on other aspects of the reaction time distribution. In addition, the background intensity, which also has some impact on the detectability of the signal, is not considered in Pieron's law. In this paper, we generalize Pieron's law based on the above comments. That is, we assume that both β and C are functions of the background intensity and of the percentile rank. We then investigate from a theoretical viewpoint some possible functional forms of β and C , with a special emphasis on the dependency of β on the background intensity. It is shown that the so-called “Fechner–Thurstone-type representation” forces β and C to be “separable.” If we further assume a near-miss to Weber's law-type representation, then the functional form of β can be determined.
Symptoms of depression among blacks and whites.

OBJECTIVES. We sought to examine relationships between sociodemographic indicators of risk and depression symptoms within the Black and White populations. METHODS. In a national probability sample, differences in sex, age, marital status, religion, social class, employment status, urbanicity, and region were evaluated against a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score of 16 or greater. Risk factors were identified within the two populations and compared between them. RESULTS. For both races, females were at greater risk for depression than males, and respondents who were formerly married or separated were at greater risk than those who were currently married. Major differences in patterns of risk were also found between the races. Blacks who were 30 to 39 years of age, belonged to non-Western religious groups, and lived in the West were at greater risk than comparable Whites. Blacks who were widowed, members of the middle and lower-middle class, and unemployed were at less risk. CONCLUSIO...
In Vivo Tissue-wide Synchronization of Mitochondrial Metabolic Oscillations

Summary Little is known about the spatiotemporal coordination of mitochondrial metabolism in multicellular organisms in situ. Using intravital microscopy in live animals, we report that mitochondrial metabolism undergoes rapid and periodic oscillations under basal conditions. Notably, mitochondria in vivo behave as a network of functionally coupled oscillators, which maintain a high level of coordination throughout the tissue via the activity of gap junctions. These findings reveal a unique aspect of the relationship between tissue architecture and self-organization of mitochondrial metabolism in vivo.
A modified method of genomic DNA preparation in agarose inserts for pulse field gel electrophoresis

According to standard protocol, DNA in agarose inserts is prepared by first embedding the Cell in agarose. This is then incubated in the required enzyme (lysozyme, lysostaphin, or zymolase) depending on the Cell type (bacterial or plants), for spheroplast formation. Subsequent treatment of the spheroplast with protein ase K allows the isolation of large genomic DNA in agarose suitable for pulse field gel Electrophoresis. An efficient and rapid method of preparation of spheroplast is described. In this method a low concentration of enzyme required for spheroplast formation was added before embedding the Cell in agarose, which facilitated the digestion of Cell wall by the enzyme and allowed use of a low amount of enzyme. Digestion of DNA in agarose inserts prepared by this method, with rare cutting restriction enzyme and pulse field gel Electrophoresis, showed that the quality of DNA was as good as obtained by the standard method.
Sensation Seeking and the Use of Television for Arousal.

This study focused on how the personality trait of sensation seeking influences television viewers to be selective. Specifically, hypotheses predicted that high sensation seekers (HSS) would use television as a source of environmental arousal. Questionnaires were completed by 342 adult cable subscribers who also owned a remote control device. Results revealed that although there were no differences in the amount of television watched by HSS or low sensation seekers (LSS), HSS preferred only two arousing program types: music formats and action‐adventure programs. High sensation seekers did use television to increase the complexity and arousal in their environment. Compared to LSS, HSS were more likely to watch television for ritualistic reasons, watch television accompanied by distracting activities, change channels more, and change channels out of boredom or to seek arousing content. The discussion points out implications of these results for using sensation seeking to create specific television messages ...
Butterfly milkweed extract as a feeding deterrent of the wireworm, Melanotus communis

Abstract Crude extracts of butterfly milkweed, Asclepias tuberosa L., were tested for deterrent properties against the corn wireworm, Melanotus communis Gyll (Coleoptera:Elateridae). When offered milkweed-treated and control baits, wireworms fed almost exclusively on untreated food. In ‘no-choice’ tests, there was a significantly lower frequency of damage to treated baits than control baits. Extended exposure of wireworms to the extract did not affect their survival, feeding vigor, or preference in subsequent feeding tests. Seed corn treated with crude extract exhibited slight phytotoxicity in the form of delayed germination and depressed growth rates. RESUME Extraits d'Asclepias tuberosa utilises comme phago-dissuadants du taupin par Melanotus communis Les proprietes dissuadantes des extraits bruts d'Asclepias tuberosa L. ont ete testees contre Melanotus communis Gyll. Quand on a presente des appâts traites avec A. tuberosa et des appâts temoins, les taupins ont consomme presque exclusivement l'aliment non traite. Dans des experiences sans choix, les appâts traites etaient significativement moins attaques que les appâts temoins. Une exposition prolongee des taupins a l'extrait n'avait pas modifie leur survie, leur appetit ou leur preference dans des experiences alimentaires ulterieures. Des graines de mais traitees avec des extraits bruts ont presente une legere phytotoxicite sous la forme d'une germination retardee et d'un taux de croissance ralenti.
Introduction: On Human Resources, Humility, and Humor

The article introduces and comments on five reviews in this issue of “Academy of Management Learning & Education” that focus on human resources topics. Katherine Karl reviews the book, “The Future ...
Feature location by IR modules and call graph

When different types of test are performed on software, from unit test, to component test to system test many bugs can be detected and recorded in bug reports. Developers must then fix them one by one. However, an important job before fixing bugs is to locate them in source code. Given a large scale software project with hundreds of bugs, it is a tedious job to locate the problems in source code. Feature location is a solution of this problem. Feature location seeks to identify pieces of source code corresponding to a specific feature, where a feature is defined as a function in software. Since bugs have the same attributes as features, they can be treated as features. In this paper, we provide a technique to achieve feature location. The approach uses a combination of lexical information and structural information. We combine Latent Semantic Indexing with Call Graphs to on a small test case to assist in feature location. Comparing our approach to an approach that uses LSI shows improved accuracy ad effectiveness.
Probing the microenvironment of mammary tumors using multiphoton microscopy

Advances in optical imaging technologies that allow the subcellular resolution of undissected tissue have begun to offer new clues into the biology of development and disease. For cancer, such advances mean that the primary tumor is no longer a black box and that the disease can be studied throughout the metastatic cascade and not just as an endpoint. In this review we examine the advances in multiphoton imaging technology that have been used to define the microenvironment and its role in delineating the invasion and intravasation steps of metastasis inside living mammary tumors. Results show that the tumor microenvironment is a dynamic place where interactions between tumor cells, macrophages, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix fibers define the metastatic phenotype.
Desulfurization of glycosyl isothiocyanates with tributyltin hybride

Abstract Desulfurization of glycosyl isothiocyanates with tributyltin hydride in the presence of AIBM led to the formation of 1,5-anhydro-D,-alditols via intermediate isocyanides.
The link between attractiveness of “Extrabrand” attributes and the adoption of innovations

While innovators may rush to purchase many new products, most consumers are more conservative and do not want to buy into fads but purchase only those new products that are viable. How do the majority of consumers make judgments about whether they will adopt an innovation? This article examines the evaluative aspects of adoption as a means for better understanding consumer adoption and the market factors that may influence the success of an innovation. This research introduces a conceptual model that shows how consumers’ evaluation of product category attractiveness affects the adoption decision for really new products. These consumer evaluations are based on the attributes of the product category (“extrabrand” attributes) rather than brand attributes. Results from a test of the model indicate that consumers do use extrabrand attributes to assess the attractiveness of innovative new products.