cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gas-Phase Reactions of Nickel and Nickel Oxide Clusters with Nitrogen Oxides. 3. Reactions of Cations with Nitric Oxide

A fast flow reactor−quadrupole mass spectrometer system coupled with a laser vaporization source is used to study the gas-phase reactions of nickel and nickel oxide cluster cations with nitric oxide. Pseudo-first-order bimolecular rate constants are reported for the reactions of NO with nickel and nickel oxide cluster cations and O2 reactions with nickel cluster cations. The product distributions indicate that several different reaction mechanisms occur between NO and Nix+ and NixOy+. Competing processes such as oxidation, NO addition, and replacement of oxygen with nitric oxide are observed to occur. Also, the presence of magic peaks in the distributions indicates unusually stable product cluster species.
Legal and Ethical Issues of Inclusion

Summary The inclusion of children with disabilities in the regular classroom has become a controversial issue in the area of special education. Definitions range from selective placement of special education students in one or more “regular” education classes to full-time placement of students with disabilities in the regular classroom. A review of the U.S. Constitution, federal legislation (i.e., IDEA, Section 504, ADA), and federal court cases clearly indicate that there is no legal mandate for “full inclusion.” Rather, the courts have consistently supported the key provisions of IDEA and other legislation that decisions be individualized for each student, that the “least restrictive environment” does not necessarily mean full inclusion in the regular classroom, and that decision making regarding children with disabilities needs to be based on sound reasoning about what is in the best interest of the child. There does, however, appear to be a clear preference for placing students in as mainstream an env...
Determination of traces of ferric iron, as in blood serum

A differential electrometric method for titration of from 2 to 5γ of ferric iron in a concentration of about 1 part per million is described.
Bronchial arteries to right pulmonary artery anastomoses in right pulmonary vein atresia.

A case of right sided pulmonary vein atresia with blood return exclusively through the right pulmonary artery is presented. Plain films revealed no evidence of venous obstruction. Our case emphasizes the potential association of pulmonary hypoplasia with radiographically occult pulmonary vein atresia.
Text Organization by Bilingual Writers: Clause Structure as a Reflection of Discourse Structure

This article compares essays written in Spanish and English by bilingual writers whose prior formal academic writing instruction has been only in English. The authors describe both writers' discour...
State Income Tax Progressivity

This article compares the degree of personal income tax progressivity in selected states and investigates the determinants of changes in progressivity through time. D. Suits's and N. C. Kakwani's recently proposed summary measures of tax progressivity are estimated and compared for twelve states with comparable income tax systems. Time series estimates are made for a single state, North Carolina. The analysis reveals that there are systematic differences in progressivity among the states and that inflation and real income growth are important determinants of declining state income tax progressivity.
Mechanism of resistance to tiazofurin in hepatoma 3924A.

Abstract Tiazofurin (2-β- d -ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide, NSC-286193) has shown potent cytotoxic and antitumor activity against hepatoma 3924A carried in the rat [Lui et al. J. biol. Chem . 259 , 5078 (1984)]. However, eventually the tumor emerged, proliferated and killed the host. To throw light on the factors that play a role in the resistance to this drug, a tiazofurin-induced resistant hepatoma 3924A line in culture was produced, and its biochemical and pharmacological pattern was examined. Resistance in hepatoma cells was expressed by a reprogramming of gene expression that entailed the display of a program of multiple biochemical alterations. In the resistant cells the activity of IMP dehydrogenase, the target enzyme of tiazofurin, was increased 2- to 3-fold. The steady-state guanylate pools were elevated 3-fold, and there was a decrease in the de novo synthesis of guanylate. There was an expansion of guanylate salvage, which could circumvent inhibition of de novo guanylate synthesis by tiazofurin. For the first time in studies on the resistance of different cell lines to tiazofurin, reduced tiazofurin transport (to 50%) in resistant hepatoma cells was identified which might account for the decreased concentration (50%) of the active metabolite, thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), in these cells. NAD pyrophosphorylase activity also decreased to 53% of that of the sensitive line, which was responsible, in part at least, for the decreased TAD concentration of the resistant cells. When resistant cells were cultured in the absence of tiazofurin, resistance to the drug gradually decreased, and by 50 passages sensitivity returned. Resistance to tiazofurin in hepatoma cells appears to be a drug-induced metabolic adaptation which involves alterations in the activity of the target enzyme, in the transport and concentration of the drug and the active metabolite, and an increase of guanylate concentration and guanine salvage capacity.
A molecular marker for fibrotic collagen in lungs of infants with respiratory distress syndrome

Abstract Lung samples from four infants who died of respiratory complications of prematurity (Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome, IRDS) were analyzed for their content of various collagen crosslink amino acids by newly developed techniques of high-performance liquid chromatography. Comparable analyses were performed with tissue from stillborn infants with apparently normal lungs (control group) and from adults without apparent lung disease. We observed increased amounts of the difunctional crosslink dihydroxylysinonorleucine (DHLNL) in the IRDS lungs. Gestational age seemed to be the most important determinant of total lung content of the trifunctional crosslink hydroxypyridinium (OHP). Term infants had about one-third of the OHP content in their lung collagen as was found in the adult lungs. These observations suggest that there are important changes in the molecular structure of collagen in a human fibrotic lung disease, changes that are paralleled in various animal models of experimental pulmonary fibrosis, and in various human diseases involving abnormalities of skin or bone collagen metabolism.
Oxidative Adsorption of n-Alkanethiolates at Mercury. Dependence of Adsorption Free Energy on Chain Length

The oxidative adsorption of n-alkanethiolates (CncH2nc+1S-, nc= 2−8) at Hg in aqueous solutions containing 0.5 M NaOH is reported. Oxidative adsorption of CncH2nc+1S- is characterized by two voltam...
Age and Gender Differences in Adolescent and Adult Overarm Throwing

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine age and gender differences in throwing performance across an underexplored portion of the lifespan: middle adolescents (14–17 years old), young adults (18–25 years old), and adults (35–55 years old). Method: Throwing performance was assessed using the body component levels from Roberton's developmental sequences for force and ball velocity that were recorded by a radar gun. Participants in each age group performed between 5 to 10 forceful overhand throws toward a target approximately 15 m to 20 m from the thrower. A Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test was used to determine gender differences and a Wilcoxon-Signed Ranks Test was used to determine age-group differences for each component. Gender and age-group differences in ball speed were determined by a 3 (age group) × 2 (gender) factorial analysis of variance with follow-up post-hoc tests. Results: Young-adult men had higher body component levels and ball speed compared with the adolescent boys and adult men. Fe...
The complete sequence of bluetongue virus serotype 10 segment 3 and its predicted VP3 polypeptide compared with those of BTV serotype 17.

Abstract The complete sequence of the large RNA segment 3 (L3) of bluetongue virus serotype 10 (BTV-10) has been determined from DNA copies of the viral RNA cloned in the E. coli plasmid pBR322. The L3 viral RNA is 2772 nucleotides long with a single open reading frame of 2706 nucleotides. The L3 predicted primary gene product (VP3) is 103 342 daltons and has a net charge at neutral pH of — 5. The sequence of the L3 RNA species differs by 126 point mutations from that of BTV-17 (i.e., 95.5% homology; see M. Purdy, J. Petre and P. Roy, J. Virol. 51, 754–759, 1984). The predicted L3 primary gene products of the two viruses differ by 9 amino acids. These differences correspond to 9 point mutations and represent 0.15% of the sites where nucleotide substitution could cause an amino acid change. By contrast, another 114 point mutations in the genome correspond to 6.5% of the available sites where nucleotide substitutions could be silent (i.e., where a nucleotide substitution may not cause an amino acid change). Three point mutations are in the 3' non-coding region of the RNA species. The quantitative differences between the coding and silent mutations are interpreted as representing the result of gene product conservation.
Early algorithm development efforts for the National Ecological Observatory Network Airborne Observation Platform imaging spectrometer and waveform lidar instruments

The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) will be the first observatory network of its kind designed to detect and enable forecasting of ecological change at continental scales over multiple decades. NEON will collect data at sites distributed at 20 ecoclimatic domains across the United States on the impacts of climate change, land use change, and invasive species on natural resources and biodiversity. The NEON Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) is an aircraft platform carrying remote sensing instrumentation designed to achieve sub-meter to meter scale ground resolution, bridging the scales from organisms and individual stands to satellite-based remote sensing. AOP instrumentation consists of a VIS/SWIR imaging spectrometer, a scanning small-footprint waveform LiDAR, and a high resolution airborne digital camera. AOP data will provide quantitative information on land use change and changes in ecological structure and chemistry including the presence and effects of invasive species. A Pathfinder Flight Campaign was conducted over a two week period during late August to early September 2010 in order to collect representative AOP data over one NEON domain site. NASA JPL flew the AVIRIS imaging spectrometer and NCALM flew an Optech Gemini waveform LiDAR over the University of Florida Ordway-Swisher Biological Station and Donaldson tree plantation near Gainesville Florida. The pathfinder data are discussed in detail along with how the data are being used for early algorithm and product development prototyping activities. The data collected during the campaign and prototype products are openly available to scientists to become more familiar with representative NEON AOP data.
Synchronization of mouse 3T3 and SV40 3T3 cells by way of centrifugal elutriation.

Populations of G1 phase 3T3 and SV40 3T3 mouse fibroblasts have been isolated from exponentially growing cultures by the technique of centrifugal elutriation. Return of the G1 phase cells to growth conditions results in their synchronous passage through the cell cycle, as determined from monitoring of cell number, [3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR) incorporation and fraction of [3H]TdR labeled nuclei. The durations of G1, S and G2 phases are consistent with values obtained by previous investigators using conventional induction techniques for synchronization. The method for isolation of the G1 phase cells is rapid, the yield is high and the process does not appear to alter the temporal aspects of the cell cycle in either cell type.
System-wide economic community in capital-based market systems

Abstract Viewing labor and capital as utterly distinct and competitive categories of economic actors, modern or “neoclassical” economics denies the existence of community in the economy. This study scrutinizes the elementary relations of economic life, finding a dimension of community, rather than a total absence or thorough going manifestation of it. Whereas neoclassical theorists ascribe alternative and independent ends to labor and capital, their goals also exhibit some profound commonalities. Contemporary communitarians also discern some community in the economy yet tend to identify it in subsystems, such as the firm. My analysis suggests a broader dimension of community on a system-wide scale. Mainline economists understand the common interest as the indirect consequence of the pursuit of alternative goals, a view of the common interest that does not lead them to affirm the existence of community. But the common interest also results more directly from pursuing goals with some commonalities, placing community within the deep structure of economic life, where it is fused with the competitive dimension.
On the Continuity of States between DNA-Ordering Transitions in Mono- and Multi-Valent Salt Solutions

At the increasing density imposed by external osmotic pressure, DNA in monovalent salt solutions (e.g., NaCl) to goes through a set of ordered mesophases, finally crystallizing into an orthorhombic crystal. While the transition from the (chiral) nematic to the line-hexatic phase has been observed before, it is still unclear whether the transition is of second order or weak first order. In multivalent salt solutions (e.g., CoHex = Co(NH3)6 Cl3), DNA is known to collapse into an ordered aggregate under osmotic pressure, or even at zero osmotic pressure at large enough concentrations of the multivalent salt. It has remained unclear what is the connection between these two ordering transitions -- with vs. without CoHex. By using a novel method of temperature-regulating the osmotic stress imposed on the DNA subphase, we show that there exists a continuity of states between these two ordering transitions and that they are of the same type. We use the small but accurately measurable temperature dependence of the osmotic pressure of a PEG solution to fine-regulate the osmotic stress with which it acts on the DNA subphase. This allows us to set the osmotic pressure to an accuracy never achieved before. This advance in experimental methodology allows us then to detect small but nevertheless finite changes in the density of DNA as it goes through the ordering transitions. In this way, we first determine experimentally the small density change that occurs at the (chiral) nematic to line-hexatic phase transition. For Na-DNA, this density change can be translated into a ∼1.5 Angstrom change in the interaxial spacing. This density discontinuity at the phase transition either does not depend on the NaCl concentration or varies by < 0.1 Angstrom as the salt concentration is varied.
Pachyonychia congenita. Manifestations for the otolaryngologist.

• When discovered, leukoplakia of the oral cavity is commonly an acquired lesion. Pachyonychia congenita is a member of a rare group of disorders in which congenital white lesions of the oral cavity are present. Additional findings of note to the otolaryngologist are described as well. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1990;116:732-734)
Modulation of Hurricane Activity in the Gulf of Mexico by the Madden-Julian Oscillation

The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is a large-scale episodic modulation of tropical winds and precipitation that travels eastward from Asia to America, with a characteristic repeat time of 30 to 60 days. Here it is shown that when MJO wind anomalies in the lower troposphere of the eastern Pacific are westerly, Gulf of Mexico and western Caribbean hurricane genesis is four times more likely than when the MJO winds are easterly. Accurate predictions of the MJO may lead to improved long-range forecasts of tropical cyclone activity.
Patients' understanding of medical terminology used in the breast clinic

This study evaluated patients' understanding of common terms used by breast surgeons in order to identify words which may need to be defined and explained during a clinic consultation. 95 patients completed the survey. 87% defined 'Surgeon' correctly whereas 'Radiographer' and 'Radiologist' were correctly defined by only 19% and 28% respectively. 26% correctly defined 'Pathologist' and 43% 'Oncologist'. Two-thirds of patients correctly defined 'Benign' (66%) and 'Malignant' (65%). 'Mammogram' and 'Ultrasound' were correctly defined by 39% and 8% respectively. 21% of patients correctly defined 'Multi-Disciplinary Team Meeting'. 1 in 5 patients correctly defined 'Chemotherapy' (20%) and 'Radiotherapy' (19%). This study has identified that many of the medical terms used in a consultation are not understood by patients. Education must be incorporated as a routine part of the consultation to enhance the patient experience and ensure they can actively participate in making informed decisions about their care.
Reproducibility Of The Immunofluorescent Test For Antimelanoma Antibodies

The reproducibility of the indirect immunofluorescent test for antibodies to human malignant melanoma cytoplasmic antigens was investigated by testing panels of melanoma and normal sera against cells of each of several different melanomas. Tests were performed in replicate, read blindly by two observers, and repeated on different days. Different observers agreed in the interpretation of replicate assays in approximately 80 to 90% of cases. Variability increased considerably when assays were repeated on different days or when different melanomas were used as substrate. Under these circumstances, similar results were obtained in as few as 21% of test. Thus, the results of the indirect immunofluorescent test for melanoma cytoplasmic antibodies must, at the present time be interpreted with great caution.
Legacies of Leftism: ideology, ethnicity and democracy in Benin, Ghana and Mali

Abstract Africanists must increasingly account for disparities in the success of the continent's democratic experiments. This paper addresses why three countries—Benin, Ghana and Mali—have become surprisingly successful democracies. The argument begins with the leftist (African socialist) regimes in each case, which set the countries on a path with unintended consequences that supported democratisation over the long run. Several key steps emerge. The leftist regimes were led by minority presidents who attempted ideological incorporation in ways that attenuated the political salience of ethnic identity. Results differed from other African regimes in the ways that neo-patrimonialism interacted with ethnicity. At Africa's critical juncture (1989–92), the lack of a dominant ethno-patrimonial coalition opened political space for more programmatic contestation. Opposition became likelier to coalesce and cohere on non-ethnic bases, and combined with constitutional militaries to make these cases among the likelie...
A Beam Profile Indicator with Solid State Detectors

The instrument described in this paper was built with the purpose of providing a display of the profile of secondary beams from high energy accelerators. It is capable of handling 105 particles per cm2 per machine pulse, assuming a 20 msec spill. The profile is measured by an array of 32 semiconductor detectors, 4 nm apart and arranged in the form of a cross. The detectors count the individual impinging particles. The total numbers of counts on each detector are fed continuously to a multichannel scaler, which in turn delivers an analogue live display and a digital printout. Details of the electronics and methods of fabrication of the detectors, as well as their problems, are discussed.
Multiobjective Optimization to Explore Tradeoffs in Rainwater Harvesting Strategies for Urban Water Sustainability

Urban water systems are designed for centralized management, where water is collected at a central location, treated, and delivered to a population of users through a pipe network. Decentralized systems may generate water and energy savings beyond conventional approaches, as they reduce the demands on the potable drinking water system and the energy required for treatment and conveyance. For example, rainwater harvesting systems that are installed at individual lots can be used to capture and reuse rainwater to irrigate lawns. This research explores the tradeoffs among infrastructure costs, energy savings, and water savings as consumers adopt rainwater harvesting within an existing centralized water supply system. The presence of rainwater harvesting within a community of individual households is a sociotechnical process, as interactions among existing water supply infrastructure, utility managers, and consumers can influence the adoption of decentralized technologies and the performance of centralized infrastructure. The urban water supply system is simulated as a complex adaptive system to analyze the water use behavior of consumers and their influence on system-level sustainability. An agent-based model is constructed to simulate households as water-consumer agents and is coupled with a system dynamics simulation of a water reservoir to capture the feedbacks that drive the household-level adoption of rainwater harvesting. An evolutionary computation approach is coupled with the agent-based modeling framework to optimize multiple objectives and explore tradeoffs among energy requirements, water savings, and the cost of rainwater harvesting systems. The framework is demonstrated for a virtual case study to develop management strategies for sizing rainwater harvesting cisterns and achieving sustainability goals for a sociotechnical water supply system.
Effects of low environmental pH and temperature on hatching and metabolic rates in embryos of Anax junius drury (Odonata: Aeshnidae) and the role of hypoxia in the hatching process

Abstract 1. 1. Studies were conducted in order to determine the combined effects of low environmental pH and temperature on embryonic survival capacity and metabolic rates in the dragonfly, Anax junius Drury. Studies were also conducted to assess the effects of hypoxia on hatching success as well as to investigate the role of hypoxia as a possible physiological triggering mechanism for hatching. 2. 2. At water temperatures of 10–30°C, an environmental pH value of 3.0 was extremely limiting and significantly reduced hatching success. 3. 3. Over a pH range of 3.0–5.0, a water temperature of 30°C was found to be severely limiting. Over a pH range of 6.0–7.0, hatching success was greater than 80% at test temperatures ranging from 10 to 25°C. 4. 4. Embryos of A. junius exhibited a greater tolerance to markedly low environmental pH (3.0) than that previously reported for fish and amphibians, although survival capacity was less than 10%. 5. 5. An environmental pH value of 3.0 has a significant detrimental effect on embryonic development. Survivorship and developmental rate increase significantly over a pH range of 4.0–5.0. 6. 6. Oxygen consumption rates were lowest for fertilized eggs exposed to a pH of 3.0 at all test temperatures (10–30°C). Metabolic rates increased significantly at pH 4.O. 7. 7. Embryos hatch successfully under hypoxic conditions in both aqueous and nonaqueous media. Results suggest that hypoxia acts as a triggering mechanism for hatching in this aquatic insect.
Synchrony in a Population of Hysteresis-Based Genetic Oscillators

Oscillatory behavior has been found in different specialized genetic networks. Pre- vious work has demonstrated nonsynchronous, erratic single-cell oscillations in a genetic network composed of nonspecialized regulatory components and based entirely on negative feedback. Here, we present the construction of a more robust, hysteresis-based genetic relaxation oscillator and pro- vide a theoretical analysis of the conditions necessary for single-cell and population synchronized oscillations. The oscillator is constructed by coupling two subsystems that have previously been im- plemented experimentally. The first subsystem is the toggle switch, which consists of two mutually repressive genes and can display robust switching between bistable expression states and hysteresis. The second subsystem is an intercell communication system involved in quorum-sensing. This sub- system drives the toggle switch through a hysteresis loop in single cells and acts as a coupling between individual cellular oscillators in a cell population. We demonstrate the possibility of both population synchronization and suppression of oscillations (cluster formation), depending on diffusion strength and other parameters of the system. We also propose the optimal choice of the parameters and small variations in the architecture of the gene regulatory network that substantially expand the oscillatory region and improve the likelihood of observing oscillations experimentally.
Enhanced Structural Damage Detection Using Alternating Projection Methods

Alternating projection algorithms are examined for the solution of damage detection problems in structures. The damage detection problem is formulated as a feasibility problem to find a damaged stiffness matrix that is close to the refined stiffness matrix of the undamaged structure and that satisfies the necessary symmetry, sparsity, positive definiteness, eigenequation, and damage localization constraints. Alternating projection methods are proposed to utilize the orthogonal projections onto these constraint sets in an iterative fashion to find a solution that best satisfies these constraints. In addition, directional alternating projections that exploit the geometry of the damage detection feasibility problem are introduced to improve the computational efficiency of the approach. The techniques are applied to detect damage in a simulated cantilever beam model and in the NASA eight-bay truss damage detection experimental test bed.
Teaching, as Learning, in Practice

Why pursue a social rather than a more familiar psychological theory of learning? 'To the extent that being human is a relational matter, generated in social living, historically, in social formations whose participants engage with each other as a condition and precondition for their existence, theories that conceive of learning as a special universal mental process impoverish and misrecognize it. My colleagues and I have been trying to convey out understanding of this claim for some years (e.g., Lave, 1988; Lave & Wenger, 1991) and I will try to develop the argument a little further here. There is another sort of reason for pursuing a theoretical perspective on the social nature of learning. Theories that reduce learning to individual mental capacity/activity in the last instance blame marginalized people for being marginal. Common theories of learning begin and end with individuals (though these days they often nod at "the social" or "the environment" in. between). Such theories are deeply concerned wit...
GENERATING FUNCTIONS FOR STOCHASTIC CONTEXT-FREE GRAMMARS

Stochastic context-free grammars are an important tool in syntactic pattern analysis and other applications as well. This paper discusses major results in single-type and multitype branching processes used to study a grammar’s stochastic derivations. Probability generating functions are well-established as a tool in this area and are used extensively here.
Populations of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Cotton Grown in Open-top Field Chambers Enriched with Co2

Atmospheric CO/sub 2/ levels are anticipated to rise from the current ambient level of ca. 350 ..mu..l/liter to 500-600 ..mu..l/liter in the next 50 to 75 years. Plant scientists are artificially enhancing the CO/sub 2/ environment of crop plants to increase photosynthesis, which is currently limited by inadequate levels of CO/sub 2/. It is not known how increases of CO/sub 2/ might affect consumers in the food chain. Population levels of sweet potato whitefly (SPWF), Bermisiaa tabaci (Gennadius), were assessed with sticky traps placed in a field experiment wherein cotton was grown in open-top field chambers that were enriched with CO/sub 2/ at levels approaching 200% ambient concentration levels. Although trapping started at the first of June, only an occasional SPWF was caught until early August. At that time populations began to increase at an exponential rate similar to that observed in commercial cotton fields in Arizona and California in previous years. There was no difference in rate of buildup of SPWF in ambient and CO/sub 2/-enriched chambers in either wet or dry irrigation treatment. Thus, it seems that raised CO/sub 2/ levels, either natural or artificial, do not affect SPWF populations.
Examining Imports of Capital Goods From China as a Channel for Technology Transfer and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa

The author contributes to related literature by analyzing how economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is affected by the growing dependency on capital goods from China. The author finds robust evidence in support of the hypothesis that capital goods from China are an important technology transfer channel that enhances economic growth in Africa. Therefore, trade liberalization policies aimed at attracting Chinese capital on a non-preferential basis are important. In addition, the results also suggest that growth strategies based on greater physical and human capital accumulation, increased trade openness, political stability, and less government consumption expenditure are important.
Clinical evaluation of a 2K x 2K workstation for primary diagnosis in pediatric radiology

Preliminary results of a large-scale ROC study evaluating the diagnostic performance of digital hardcopy film and 2K X 2K softcopy display for pediatric chest radiographs are presented. The pediatric disease categories studied were pneumothorax, linear atelectasis, air bronchograms, and interstitial disease. Digital images were obtained directly from a computed radiography system. Results from the readings of 239 chest radiographs by 4 radiologists show no significant difference between viewing images on film and softcopy display for the disease categories pneumothorax and air bronchograms. A slight performance edge for softcopy was seen for the disease categories of interstitial disease and linear atelectasis.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Specific- and Partial-Source Memory: Effects of Aging.

Normal aging can be associated with impairments in source memory (recollecting an event's context). This study examined the effects of aging on specific-source memory (e.g., remembering which of 4 people spoke a word) and partial-source memory (e.g., remembering the gender of the person who spoke the word). When young and older adults were matched in terms of old-new recognition, age-related deficits were observed on both specific- and partial-source recollection. When the groups were matched on partial-source performance, no disproportionate specific-source impairment was seen. The results suggest that aging does not differentially affect specific- versus partial-source memory.
Plasma choline metabolites associate with metabolic stress among young overweight men in a genotype-specific manner

We aimed to test the hypotheses that (i) plasma choline metabolites differ between normal (body mass index (BMI)<25 kg m−2) and overweight (BMI ⩾25 kg m−2) men, and (ii) an elevated BMI alters associations between plasma choline metabolites and indicators of metabolic stress. This was a cross-sectional study. A one-time fasting blood sample was obtained for measurements of the choline metabolites and metabolic stress indicators (that is, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and homocysteine), and for genotype determination. The analysis was conducted with 237 Mexican American men with a median age of 22 years. Compared with men with a normal BMI (n=98), those with an elevated BMI (n=139) had 6% lower (P=0.049) plasma betaine and an 11% lower (P=0.002) plasma betaine to choline ratio. Among men with an elevated BMI, plasma betaine and the plasma betaine to choline ratio positively associated (P⩽0.044) with a favorable serum cholesterol profile, and inversely associated (P=0.001) with serum ALT, a marker of liver dysfunction. The phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) 5465G→A (rs7946) genotype interacted (P⩽0.007) with the plasma betaine to choline ratio to modulate indicators of metabolic stress with stronger inverse associations observed among overweight men with the PEMT 5465GG genotype. Plasma choline metabolites predict metabolic stress among overweight men often in a genotype-specific manner. The diminished betaine among overweight men coupled with the inverse association between betaine and metabolic stress suggest that betaine supplementation may be effective in mitigating some of the metabolic insults arising from lipid overload.
Redox reactions of an Mo(V) tetrasulfophthalocyanine

Abstract The preparation of an Mo(V) tetrasulfophthalocyanine and some of its thermal and photochemical reactions have been investigated in this work. Electrochemical processes have been followed by means of the UVVis spectral changes and compared with those observed in flash photolysis. Mo(IV) and Mo(V)-ligand-radical species are common intermediates of the electrochemical and photochemical reactions. In 254 nm irradiations of the Mo(V) tetrasulfophthalocyanine in aqueous solutions of 2-propanol, the macrocycle can be photohydrogenated and the product of the photolysis can be reoxidized with O2 back to the parent complex.
GRAPHICAL METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE PRESENCE OF PERIODIC CORRELATION

. Methods for determining whether an observed time series is, or contains, a periodically correlated sequence are presented. They are based on the fact that the support of the spectral measure for a harmonizable periodically correlated stochastic sequence is contained in a set of equally spaced lines parallel to the main diagonal in the bifrequency plane. We show how a coherence statistic devised by N. R. Goodman can be used to test for the presence of spectral support (correlation) along diagonal lines, thus providing a test for the presence of periodic correlation. Plots of this coherence statistic as a function of two frequency variables visually reveal the presence of diagonal support lines. Two additional tests for the presence of diagonal support lines are constructed by collapsing the two-dimensional coherence plots into one-dimensional plots of difference frequency.
Adsorption and Oxidation of Phenylacetylene and Phenylmethylacetylene on Oxygen-Precovered Cu(111) : Effects of Terminal Hydrogen and Atomic Oxygen Coverage

Adsorption and oxidation of phenylacetylene (PA) and phenylmethylacetylene (PMA) on atomic oxygen (O(a))-precovered Cu(111) have been studied by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). Oxidation products commonly include H2O, CO, and CO2, and their yields strongly depend on the O(a) coverage. The desorption profile of parent PA with O(a) coverage is markedly different from that of parent PMA, which is mainly due to that the terminal C−H bond of the acetylene group of PA is more vulnerable to be attacked by the O(a) than the hydrogen of the methyl group of PMA. The reactivity of O(a) is dependent on the O(a) coverage: it decreases with the increase of the coverage. With the increase of O(a) coverage, the H2O desorption temperature shifts to a higher temperature. The more active O(a) at low coverage is mainly used for forming H2O by cleaving the ≡C−H (or −CH3) hydrogen; the less active O(a) at high covera...
Site selective electrodeposition of metals and conductive polymer nano-structures on isolated carbon nanopipes using electric fields

We report the successful application of bipolar electrochemistry for depositing metals and conducting polymer nano-structures on isolated template-grown carbon nanopipes (CVD-CNP). Metals such as tin, cobalt and nickel were reduced electrochemically at the tips of isolated CVD-CNP from their chloride or nitrate salts. Polypyrrole dendrites could also be grown on both ends of selected CVD-CNP. The potential applications of thus encapsulated CVD-CNP in nano-fluidics and other areas will be discussed.
Heavy Ion-Induced Single Event Upsets of Microcircuits; A Summary of the Aerospace Corporation Test Data

A summary of heavy ion SEU and latch-up data collected within the last several years is presented in this report. The devices tested range from simple logic circuits to microprocessors including examples of bipolar, CMOS, and NMOS technologies.
EMPLOYEE OWNERSHIP: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF PROCESS AND EFFECTS

A model is developed that explicates one process through which employee ownership operates, leading to a set of social-psychological and behavioral effects. Where the formal ownership system is operationalized such that it leads to psychological ownership, a bonding or integration of the employee-owner with the organization occurs. It is through these processes that employee ownership exercises an influence upon group and individual outcomes. A set of antecedent and moderating variables to the operation of the formal ownership system is identified.
Central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder despite negative serum and spinal fluid Epstein-Barr virus DNA PCR.

Central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder despite negative serum and spinal fluid Epstein–Barr virus DNA PCR
A phase I/II study of direct intraarterial (ophthalmic artery) chemotherapy with melphalan for intraocular retinoblastoma initial results.

Objective To develop a technique that would allow us to cannulate repeatedly the ophthalmic artery of young children with advanced retinoblastoma, to find a dose of melphalan that would be tolerable and tumoricidal for retinoblastoma when given intraarterially, and to study the local ocular and systemic side effects of intraarterial melphalan in these children. Design Phase I/II clinical trial. Participants Ten children with advanced retinoblastoma (Reese–Ellsworth V) eyes who were indicated for enucleation were entered into an institutional review board–approved protocol of ophthalmic artery infusion of melphalan to avoid enucleation. Methods Cannulation of the ophthalmic artery was performed by a femoral artery approach using microcatheters while the children were under anesthesia and anticoagulated. Chemotherapy (melphalan) was infused into the artery over a 30-minute period. Main Outcome Measures Ophthalmic examinations, retinal photography, and electroretinograms were used to document local toxicity, whereas physical examinations and complete blood counts were used to measure systemic toxicity. Results The ophthalmic arteries were successfully cannulated in 9 cases (total, 27 times), as many as 6 times in 1 patient. Dramatic regression of tumors, vitreous seeds, and subretinal seeds were seen in each case. No severe systemic side effects (sepsis, anemia, neutropenia, fever, or death) occurred. No transfusions were required (red cells or platelets). Three patients developed conjunctival and lid edema that resolved without treatment. There was no toxicity to the cornea, anterior segment, pupil, or motility. One (previously irradiated) eye developed retinal ischemia; another eye had no toxicity after intraarterial chemotherapy but did develop a radiationlike retinopathy after brachytherapy. Vision stabilized or improved in all but 1 patient after treatment. Electroretinograms were generally poor (advanced eyes were treated), but in 2 cases, the electroretinogram improved after treatment (and resolution of a retinal detachment). Seven eyes avoided enucleation. Two intraarterially treated eyes were enucleated, with no viable tumors identified pathologically. Conclusions We developed a technique of direct ophthalmic artery infusion of melphalan for children with retinoblastoma. The technique had minimal systemic side effects (one patient had grade 3 neutropenia) and minimal local toxicity. Among the first 9 cases treated with this technique, 7 eyes destined to be enucleated were salvaged.
Machine invention of quantum computing circuits by means of genetic programming

We demonstrate the use of genetic programming in the automatic invention of quantum computing circuits that solve problems of potential theoretical and practical significance. We outline a developmental genetic programming scheme for such applications; in this scheme the evolved programs, when executed, build quantum circuits and the resulting quantum circuits are then tested for “fitness” using a quantum computer simulator. Using the PushGP genetic programming system and the QGAME quantum computer simulator we demonstrate the invention of a new, better than classical quantum circuit for the two-oracle AND/OR problem.
402 TOBRAMYCIN PHARMACOKINETICS IN IDENTICAL TWINS DURING NEWBORN PERIOD

Tobramycin is commonly used in newborn infants but little is known about its pharmacokinetics in identical twins. We studied six infants (gestational age 29-31 weeks; postnatal age 3-4 days; birth weight 1.0-1.3 kg) receiving tobramycin 2.5 mg/kg IV over 20 minutes every 12-18 hours. On third day of therapy, blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 18 hours after starting the infusion and analyzed by EMIT. Peak and trough serum concentrations of tobramycin ranged from 5.3-8.4 μg/ml and 1.2-2.0 μg/ml, respectively. Total clearance (clT) ranged from 0.74-1.19 ml/min/kg, distribution volume (V) from 0.74-0.94 L/kg, and elimination half-life (t½) from 8.2-12.8 hours. Comparison of data between infants in three identical twin pairs showed that despite a similar infusion method: (a) the time to achieve peak serum concentration ranged from 0.5-2.0 hours; (b) the peak and trough concentrations varied from 0-50%; and (c) the clT;, V and t½ varied from 3-20%. These data indicate that peak and trough serum concentrations may be more variable than the kinetic parameters in identical twins. This information should be considered in therapeutic drug monitoring of tobramycin in identical twins during the newborn period.
Neutralino dark matter in non-universal SUSY models

The properties of neutralino dark matter in the context of different supergravity schemes are reviewed. In particular, we discuss the effects induced by the relaxation, at the grand unification scale, of the soft scalar mass universality on the supersymmetric parameter space, on the neutralino relic abundance, and on the event rates for direct and indirect detection of relic neutralinos.
Kinship in the Shadow of the Corporation: The Interbuilder Network in Clyde River Shipbuilding, 1711–1990:

The authors identify a system of intercompetitor affiliation that helped Clyde River shipbuilding companies to thrive, but was ultimately undermined by the rise of corporate capitalism. They find that connections between companies through their leaders' family ties or friendships were common, and beneficial, as every such tie maintained by a company reduced its annual risk of failure by 10 percent. This average effect, however, masks an important contingency. The direct benefits of interbuilder ties accrued only to family firms, which enjoyed a reduced risk of failure of 34 percent with each tie, and not at all to corporations. The authors maintain that the shift to the corporate form inhibited the operation of the interbuilder network by reducing the autonomy of leaders to work through personal relations with their competitors. The results encourage heightened attention both to the idea that horizontal ties within an industry may be a key determinant of organizational success, and to the idea that some m...
Endovascular and Surgical Treatment of Unruptured MCA Aneurysms: Meta-Analysis and Review of the Literature

Introduction. The best treatment for unruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms is unclear. We perform a meta-analysis of recent publications to evaluate the results of unruptured MCA aneurysms treated with surgical clipping and endovascular coiling. Methods. A PubMed search for articles published between January 2004 and November 2013 was performed. The R statistical software package was used to create a random effects model for each desired incidence rate. Cochran's Q test was used to evaluate possible heterogeneity among the rates observed in each study. Results. A total of 1891 unruptured MCA aneurysms, 1052 clipped and 839 coiled, were included for analysis. The complete occlusion rate at 6-9 months mean follow-up was 95.5% in the clipped group and 67.8% in the coiled group (P < 0.05). The periprocedural thromboembolism rate in the clipping group was 1.8% compared with 10.7% in the aneurysms treated by coiling (P < 0.05). The recanalization rate was 0% for clipping and 14.3% for coiling (P = 0.05). Modified Rankin scores of 0-2 were obtained in 98.9% of clipped patients compared to 95.5% of coiled (NS). Conclusions. This review weakly supports clipping as the preferred treatment of unruptured MCA aneurysms. Clinical outcomes did not differ significantly between the two groups.
Gi2 and Gi3 Proteins Mediate the Inhibition of Adenylyl Cyclase by Galanin in the RINm5F Cell

Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity is one of at least four mechanisms by which the neuropeptide galanin inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. In a membrane preparation of the insulin-secreting cell line RINm5F, a maximally effective concentration of galanin inhibited forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity by 30%. Pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin abolished the inhibitory effect of galanin, indicating the involvement of Gi or Go guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins). Because galanin receptors interact with four G-proteins (Gi1, Gi2, Gi3, and Go1), any or all of these may inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Therefore, to identify the G-protein(s) involved, antibodies raised against various G-protein alpha-subunits were used to block the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity by galanin in RINm5F membrane preparations. Antisera AS/7 and EC/2, specific for Gɑi1/ɑi2 and Gɑi3, respectively, were able to significantly attenuate the inhibitory effect of galanin, whereas antisera specific for Go proteins were not. The use of additional antisera specific for the various subtypes of Gi proteins indicated that Gi2 and Gi3, but not Gi1, are involved. Simultaneous application of antisera AS/7 and EC/2 resulted in a greater attenuation of the effect of galanin than application of either antiserum alone. Thus, galanin inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity in these cells is selectively mediated by two inhibitory G-proteins, Gi2 and Gi3.
DEVELOPMENT OF DISPERSAL, MOVEMENT PATTERNS, AND HAUL‐OUT USE BY PUP AND JUVENILE STELLER SEA LIONS (EUMETOPIAS JUBATUS) IN ALASKA

Population declines of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias juhatus) in western Alaska (west of 144°W) may be a result of reduced juvenile survival. We used satellite telemetry to study the at-sea distribution and movement patterns of pup (1.6–11.9 mo) and juvenile (12.0–35.1 mo) Steller sea lions. We studied trip distance, duration, and interhaul-out movements of sea lions in relation to age, sex, and month of year in the decreasing western population (WP; Prince William Sound, Kodiak, Aleutian Islands, Alaska) and the increasing eastern population (EP; Southeast Alaska). We deployed 103 satellite transmitters (29 WP; 74 EP) on sea lions between 1998 and 2001. Round trip distance and duration increased with age, trip distance was greater in the WP than the EP, trip duration was greater for females than males, and haul-out use was clustered. Changes in round trip distance and duration occurred from April to June for all age classes studied indicating that the annual timing of weaning may be less variable than the age of weaning. Overall, 90% of round trips were ≤ 15 km from haul-outs and 84% were <20 h, indicating nearshore areas adjacent to haulouts are critical to the developing juvenile.