cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison Exam: Impact On PACS

Reviewing previously acquired images of a patient when interpreting newly acquired ones is an important aspect of clinical radiology that has received relatively little attention in specifying requirements for automated picture archiving and communications systems (PACS). This paper examines reasons that reviewing comparison images plays an essential role in radiology, and it attempts to describe the range of policies currently employed by radiology departments. Data acquired from the use of the Missouri Automated Radiology System (MARS) at the University of Chicago are presented to quantify the number of comparison examinations that exist in this patient population. The implications of storing, retrieving and displaying these comparison images are discussed under different policies for both current film file systems and PACS.
Minimal-revenue congestion pricing part I: A fast algorithm for the single-origin case

Abstract This paper derives a simple fast algorithm for computing minimal-revenue tolls in a single-origin network. It assumes that trips have the same value of time, that they make user-optimizing path choices, and they have multiple destinations—but come from the same origin. The algorithm finds tolls that induce a traffic pattern minimizing average time per trip at a minimal average toll per trip. Formally, let X be the set of all feasible traffic assignments and assume all trips have the same value of time α>0; then the algorithm inputs a network with the system-optimizing flow xo vector and associated arc times t(xo). It outputs an optimal arc toll vector c*⩾0 such that for x∈X: (1) (αt(x o )+c ∗ ) T (x−x o )⩾0 for x∈X ( user optimal ) (2) αt(x o ) T x o = min x∈X αt(x) T x ( system optimal ) (3) c∗ T x o = min c⩾0 c T x o ( revenue minimal ). That is, xo∈X becomes user-optimal, too. Compared to marginal-cost tolls, which would also produce this same effect, the min-revenue tolls c* possess important practical advantages. Perforce, they provide the same system-optimal network usage, but at a much cheaper price to the traveler—remarkably, they assure at least one toll-free path to every destination. In addition, min-revenue tolls have admirable stability: even large increases in travel demand can leave the solution c* virtually unchanged—an important feature since traffic volume can change continuously but tolls cannot. Finally, they provide guidance regarding potential network improvements. The algorithm presented is very efficient, easily able to solve networks with tens of thousands of nodes. A greedy potentials calculator, its expected running time for an n-node road network is a speedy O(n), while its worst case time for any network is O(m), where m is the number of arcs.
Characteristics and application of phase-shifted long-period fiber grating fabricated by CO2 laser

Long period fiber grating (LPFG) has been attracted much attention for use in optical sensing applications and optical communication systems. Compared with a regular LPFG, the phase shift long period fiber grating (PS-LPFG) has shown certain unique advantages such as higher sensitivity and potentials for simultaneous measurements of multiple parameters. This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of PS-LPFG by CO2 laser point-by-point irradiations. We emphasis on the difference between LPFG and PS-LPFG as optical sensors for measurement of strain, temperature and refractive index.
Finite difference procedure for boundary layers including effects of longitudinal and transverse curvatures

A second order viscous layer solution procedure has been developed that does in a consistent way include curvature effects and the corresponding normal pressure gradients. In the present system, the normal momentum equation is retained. The parabolic system of nonlinear partial differential equations is converted by linear finite differencing procedures to a system of linear algebraic equations and solved in primitive coordinates. The solutions have been shown to give smooth stable distributions for all the variables, most particularly the normal velocity which plays an important role in the interaction procedure. An algorithm for matching the viscous layer solution with a rotational characteristics outer solution has been developed.
Therapists Talk About the Engagement Process

‘Engagement’ and ‘treatment engagement’ are terms that frequently appear in the mental health literature, and are operationalized differently across studies. A clearer understanding and conceptualization of engagement would enhance research and practice. Six focus groups were conducted with community mental health therapists (n = 41) to learn how they define engagement, the barriers to engagement they experience, and the strategies they use to enhance engagement. In some aspects, their definition of engagement was similar to the helping alliance. However, therapists viewed engagement as much more than the relationship; it is a complex process that is affected by many factors, including agency policies and practices. Suggestions are made to advance the study of how clinical and organizational factors affect engagement.
Protective effect of dietary brussels sprouts against mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats

The effect of dietary brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea, L.) on mammary carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was studied in Sprague-Dawley female rats. Rats fed a 20% brussels sprouts diet only during the initiation period of carcinogenesis had a palpable mammary tumor incidence of 13%, while those fed a casein-cornstarch semi-purified diet during this initiation period had a tumor incidence of 77% after 15 weeks post DMBA dose. When the rats were switched from the semi-purified diet to the 20% brussels sprouts diet at this time, there appeared to be a regression of small mammary tumors after 6 weeks on this dietary treatment. This regression was transitory since during the final 10 weeks of this 1 year study, 100% of this group of rats developed tumors. The rats fed the 20% brussels sprouts diet during tumor initiation exhibited a 67% incidence of fibroadenomas. The rats fed the semi-purified diet during initiation, but switched later to the brussels sprouts diet, showed over a 90% incidence of adenocarcinomas.
Intrauterine small bowel entrapment and obstruction complicating suction abortion

A patient is presented in whom small bowel obstruction occurred after a suction abortion. During the abortion the uterus was perforated and small bowel drawn into the uterus where it became entrapped and obstructed. The diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
Vortex structure in YBa2Cu3O7 and evidence for intrinsic pinning.

Using the high-resolution Bitter-pattern technique, we have studied the vortex structure in crystals of the high-${T}_{c}$ superconductor, Y${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, for fields parallel to the $c$ axis. We describe the vortex pinning by twin boundaries and show that a vortex lattice develops in twin-free regions. But the results also show directly that vortices are pinned at low temperatures even in crystals which are essentially defect free. We believe this pinning must be intrinsic to the new superconductors.
Fatal crash involvement by multiple-trailer trucks

Considerable uncertainty surrounds the relative safety of combination trucks with two or three trailers, compared to those pulling single trailers. This article uses data on conditions present in 5889 fatal crashes involving combination trucks to examine the extent to which these conditions vary for the two configurations. Using two complementary techniques, multiple classification analysis and automatic interaction detector, we evaluate the additive and interactive effects of these conditions. We conclude that multiple-trailer trucks are more likely to be involved in fatal crashes in the following conditions: darkness; snow, slush, or ice on the road surface; involvement of three or more vehicles, indicating at least moderate traffic volume; and higher-speed facilities with 65 to 75 mph limits.
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): current perspectives

Ecstasy is a widely used recreational drug that usually consists primarily of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Most ecstasy users consume other substances as well, which complicates the interpretation of research in this field. The positively rated effects of MDMA consumption include euphoria, arousal, enhanced mood, increased sociability, and heightened perceptions; some common adverse reactions are nausea, headache, tachycardia, bruxism, and trismus. Lowering of mood is an aftereffect that is sometimes reported from 2 to 5 days after a session of ecstasy use. The acute effects of MDMA in ecstasy users have been attributed primarily to increased release and inhibited reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine, along with possible release of the neuropeptide oxytocin. Repeated or high-dose MDMA/ecstasy use has been associated with tolerance, depressive symptomatology, and persisting cognitive deficits, particularly in memory tests. Animal studies have demonstrated that high doses of MDMA can lead to long-term decreases in forebrain 5-HT concentrations, tryptophan hydroxylase activity, serotonin transporter (SERT) expression, and visualization of axons immunoreactive for 5-HT or SERT. These neurotoxic effects may reflect either a drug-induced degeneration of serotonergic fibers or a long-lasting downregulation in 5-HT and SERT biosynthesis. Possible neurotoxicity in heavy ecstasy users has been revealed by neuroimaging studies showing reduced SERT binding and increased 5-HT2A receptor binding in several cortical and/or subcortical areas. MDMA overdose or use with certain other drugs can also cause severe morbidity and even death. Repeated use of MDMA may lead to dose escalation and the development of dependence, although such dependence is usually not as profound as is seen with many other drugs of abuse. MDMA/ecstasy-dependent patients are treated with standard addiction programs, since there are no specific programs for this substance and no proven medications. Finally, even though MDMA is listed as a Schedule I compound by the Drug Enforcement Agency, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for patients with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder is currently under investigation. Initial results show efficacy for this treatment approach, although considerably more research must be performed to confirm such efficacy and to ensure that the benefits of MDMA-assisted therapy outweigh the risks to the patients.
Portable Optical Tissue Flow Oximeter for Evaluation of Revascularization Effect on Ischemic Muscle Hemodynamics

A portable diffuse optical tissue flow-oximeter has been developed for evaluation of revascularization effects on ischemic muscle blood flow and oxygenation. The revascularization repairs of macro-circulation result in acute blood flow improvements in muscle microvasculature.
The Maribor method of burns treatment. A report on the work of Janzekovic at Maribor, Yugoslavia.

Abstract The effectiveness of the well tried surgical principle of early removal of necrotic tissue is amply illustrated by tangential shaving of dermal burns. The results of treatment are much superior to those achieved by the standard techniques of burn management and 1600 patients in ten years is the experience of the Yugoslav team.
The present and future role of microfluidics in biomedical research

Microfluidics, a technology characterized by the engineered manipulation of fluids at the submillimetre scale, has shown considerable promise for improving diagnostics and biology research. Certain properties of microfluidic technologies, such as rapid sample processing and the precise control of fluids in an assay, have made them attractive candidates to replace traditional experimental approaches. Here we analyse the progress made by lab-on-a-chip microtechnologies in recent years, and discuss the clinical and research areas in which they have made the greatest impact. We also suggest directions that biologists, engineers and clinicians can take to help this technology live up to its potential.
Posttonsillectomy Taste Distortion: A Significant Complication

Objective/Hypothesis: Tonsillectomy is among the most commonly performed procedures. As with any surgery, head and neck surgeons must be aware of possible complications and their potential affects. At our smell and taste center, we have been referred several patients in a 6-month period with the complaint of taste distortion after tonsillectomy. We report in this article a patient that complains of taste distortion after a right tonsillectomy for unilateral tonsillar hypertrophy. Study Design: A prospective study documenting taste distortion after tonsillectomy using clinical, subjective, and objective evaluation. Methods: The clinical course of a patient with taste distortion after a tonsillectomy is described. The gustatory function was investigated by conducting electrogustometry and spatial taste testing. Threshold measurements were determined at three left- and three right-side tongue regions: 1) the tongue tip region (innervated by the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve), 2) the lateral margin of the tongue (anterior to the foliate papillae), and 3) the posterior tongue region (innervated by the lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve). Results: After a complete clinical evaluation and taste testing, it was found that the patient suffered an injury to the right lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. The close anatomic relationship between the palatine tonsil and lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve makes the nerve vulnerable during tonsillectomy. This injury has caused the patient to suffer ageusia to the right posterior one third of the tongue, compensated by a contralateral phantogeusia (phantom taste) with clinical dysgeusia. The phantogeusia was abolished by application of anesthetic to the area where the phantom was perceived. We propose that the phantogeusia is the result of release-of-inhibition in the contralateral glossopharyngeal nerve. Conclusion: Taste distortion (including, phantogeusia and dysgeusia) after tonsillectomy is rarely reported as a complication but has a significant impact on quality of life. This article examines the taste distortion presence as a complication after tonsillectomy to make head and neck surgeons aware of this serious complication and the pathophysiology of taste distortion.
Soybean seed proteome rebalancing.

The soybean seed’s protein content and composition are regulated by both genetics and physiology. Overt seed protein content is specified by the genotype’s genetic framework and is selectable as a breeding trait. Within the genotype-specified protein content phenotype soybeans have the capacity to rebalance protein composition to create differing proteomes. Soybeans possess a relatively standardized proteome, but mutation or targeted engineering can induce large-scale proteome rebalancing. Proteome rebalancing shows that the output traits of seed content and composition result from two major types of regulation: genotype and post-transcriptional control of the proteome composition. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that specifies the seed proteome can enable engineering new phenotypes for the production of a high-quality plant protein source for food, feed, and industrial proteins.
Morphological and structural characteristics of the proximal femur in human and rat

Because the ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most commonly used small animal model to investigate consequences of bone loss on bone structure and strength, or to assess benefits of the various therapeutic strategies to improve bone mass and strength, the attempt was made to compare histoanatomical and structural characteristics of the femoral neck between human and rat models. In addition to different biomechanics, there is a significant difference in gross- and microanatomy of the proximal femur between humans and rats. Percent of the cortical bone component is much higher in rats (72.5%) relative to humans (12.5%). Also, cortical bone at the femoral neck in rats is evenly distributed, whereas in humans there is a considerable difference in the amount of the cortical bone between the superior half of the femoral neck with cortical thickness being only 0.3 mm, and the inferior half of the neck having 6-mm-thick cortex. Humans have far more cancellous bone at the femoral neck (22.7% average) relative to rats (6.8%). In addition, cancellous bone at the femoral neck in humans is unevenly distributed between the bone center and its periphery. Human samples exhibited striking differences in the cancellous bone structure between weight-bearing and tensile trabecular groups exhibiting clear trabecular orientation consisting of plates and rods, and trabeculae around the neutral bone axis with little mechanical activity exhibiting rod-like trabeculae only. Although humans and rats have a periosteum covering the femoral neck, and each lacks the muscular attachment at intracapsular portions of the femoral neck, rats, in contrast to humans, have the ability to quickly adapt cortical thickness and increase inertia to meet mechanical needs via modeling-dependent periosteal apposition.
Forward and backward from Wilhelm Bousset's Kyrios Christos

(1973). Forward and backward from Wilhelm Bousset's Kyrios Christos. Religion: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 66-73.
Cellular inflammatory response and clinical outcome in cardiac surgery.

PURPOSE This review briefly summarizes recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of the inflammatory response to cardiac surgery and its ties to clinical outcomes. Links between specific inflammatory mediators and vulnerable organs will be emphasized, along with genetic risk factors that render specific patients susceptible to these complications. RECENT FINDINGS Circulation of blood on the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit and the operative procedure itself provoke activation of circulating hematopoietic cells and vascular endothelial cells. These activated cells subsequently secrete mediators that amplify this inflammatory response and activated phagocytes undergo changes that facilitate their exit from the circulation into tissue, where they exacerbate organ complications of the procedure. Cardiac, renal and pulmonary dysfunction are among the most common complications of cardiac surgery and progress has been made in recent years demonstrating how the cellular inflammatory response is related to adverse outcomes in these organs. Accordingly, this review will focus on these three systems and the pathophysiology of their cardiac surgical complications. SUMMARY Advances in our understanding of the pathways by which inflammatory mediators contribute to host injury offers the promise of interventions that are tailored to specific risks and the possibility of preoperatively identifying those patients most likely to benefit.
Combinatorial procedures for structuring internal migration and other transaction flows

Several combinatorially-based procedures for structuring two-way, as well as three-way, transaction flow matrices have been discussed and illustrated. The inter-relationships between the procedures are of some interest. For example, if the multi-terminal method is applied to a doubly-standardized table, it yields a hierarchical clustering. The assignment algorithm yields cycles—the simplest form of strong components. Strong components are considered as clusters in the IPFPHC procedure. The assignment problem—applied to the logarithms of the observed flows—can be viewed as the solution, for the case n=1, of the problem of determining the non-negative integral matrix all of the row and column sums of which equal n, and which best estimates, in a maximum entropy sense, the table of observed flows. Solutions of the problem for n=1, 2, 3, ... , would yield a series of increasingly complex tables, all of which could be studied with the strong-component analogue of single-linkage clustering. Significance tests for IPFPHC could be developed by studying the distribution of clusters found in random doubly-stochastic tables. These are convex combinations of permutation matrices.
A Review of Medical PDA Blogs

Abstract Blogs are an excellent way to keep up with the ever-changing technology of PDAs (personal digital assistants) and their uses in medicine. This article reviews some blogging and PDA basics and the ways in which physicians use PDAs. It also overviews some blogs devoted to PDAs and their use in medicine. By becoming knowledgeable about PDAs, medical librarians can educate and help physicians and other health care professionals make the most of this important technology.
Chemical Separation of Fixed Tissue Using Thermolysin

Thermolysin is a metallopeptidase used to cleave peptide bonds at specific junctions. It has previously been used to cleave specific amino acid sequences found at the junction of the sensory epithelium and underlying stroma of unfixed otolithic organs of the vestibular system. We have used thermolysin to separate sensory epithelium from the underlying stroma in fixed cristae ampullares of mouse, rat, gerbil, guinea pig, chinchilla, and tree squirrel, thus removing the saddle-shaped curvature of the sensory organ and creating a flattened sensory epithelium preparation. This permits visualization of the entire sensory organ in a single mount and facilitates proper morphometric analysis.
Thermodynamics of the palladium-boron-hydrogen system

Abstract Measurements have been made of the solubility of hydrogen in Pd-B solid solutions containing B in the range 0–12 at.% in equilibrium with H 2 -gas at a pressure of 1.01 × 10 5 N/m 2 and in the temperature range 625–1111 K. Thermodynamic functions derived from the isobar measurements show that the behavior of H in the binary matrix is highly non-ideal. This behavior has been shown to be consistent with a statistical model based upon first-order mixing statistics in which H-atoms experience a repulsive interaction with respect to “isolated” B-atoms in the matrix, but an attractive interaction with respect to B-B nearest neighbor pairs.
Color image segmentation

The most difficult stage of automated target recognition is segmentation. Current segmentation problems include faces and tactical targets; previous efforts to segment these objects have used intensity and motion cues. This paper develops a color preprocessing scheme to be used with the other segmentation techniques. A neural network is trained to identify the color of a desired object, eliminating all but that color from the scene. Gabor correlations and 2D wavelet transformations will be performed on stationary images; and 3D wavelet transforms on multispectral data will incorporate color and motion detection into the machine visual system. The paper will demonstrate that color and motion cues can enhance a computer segmentation system. Results from segmenting faces both from the AFIT data base and from video taped television are presented; results from tactical targets such as tanks and airplanes are also given. Color preprocessing is shown to greatly improve the segmentation in most cases.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Penetration of interstellar dust into the Solar System

THE Sun moves through local interstellar matter with a velocity of ∼ 20 km s−1 (refs 1–4). Bertaux and Blamont4 have suggested that interstellar dust grains streaming into the Solar System are focused by the gravitational attraction of the Sun and that, as a consequence, the density of these dust grains is strongly peaked on a line extending from the Sun backwards in the downstream direction. Comparison of the predictions of this focusing model with direct observations of the dust5 (which do not show this large peak) leads Bertaux and Blamont to suggest that interstellar dust particles are underabundant in the Solar System by a factor of ∼ 100, compared with the usual picture of the density of interstellar grains. They suggest a number of possible explanations: first, the experiments are only sensitive to a fraction of the dust particles; second, radiation pressure or some other process eliminates the particles; third, the interstellar gas and dust near the Sun are abnormal. We point out here that a general effect not considered by Bertaux and Blamont offers a natural explanation of the observations. Grains, both in interplanetary and in interstellar space, will, in general, carry a net electric charge, and the Lorentz force is strong enough to destroy gravitational focusing.
Beliefs about exercise and physical activity among pregnant women.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to document self-reported beliefs about physical activity and exercise among pregnant women. Methods The Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition (PIN3) Study asked 1306 pregnant women about beliefs regarding physical activity and exercise at 27–30 weeks’ gestation. Results While 78% of women agreed that most women can continue their regular exercise during pregnancy, fewer (68%) agreed that most women who never exercised could begin an exercise program during pregnancy. Most (89%) agreed that regular exercise was better than irregular exercise during pregnancy. While almost all women agreed with the benefits of light activity (98%), fewer agreed that there were benefits with moderate (73%) or vigorous exercise (13%). Differences in beliefs were most notable by educational level, race/ethnicity, and whether they participated in regular exercise during pregnancy. Conclusion Future studies can better elucidate the reasons behind the differences in beliefs, to explore whether cultural reasons are contributing to these differences and whether tailored messages would be more effective than general educational approaches. Practice Implications This study provides information to create more successful interventions to help women understand concepts regarding the safety and benefits of physical activity during pregnancy.
Characterization of the Protein Synthesis Independent TNFα Lytic Mechanism in Human Ovarian and Cervical Carcinoma Cell Lines

The analysis of the lytic mechanism initiated by TNFα in three human ovarian cell lines (CAOV-3, SK-OV-3, and OVCAR-3) and in three human cervical cell lines (SIHa, HT-3, and ME-180) in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis indicates that this lytic mechanism is similar to the protein synthesis-independent lytic mechanism initiated by TNFα in L929 cells. In addition to being independent of protein synthesis, the lytic mechanism initiated by TNFα in human ovarian and cervical carcinoma cells is also not dependent on the formation of oxygen radicals, as shown by the inability of the oxygen radical scavengers DMSO or glutathione to inhibit lysis. In spite of the fact that oxygen radicals are not involved in lysis, the TNFα lytic mechanism initiated in the human ovarian and cervical carcinoma cells is dependent on the activity of lipoxygenase enzymes. This was shown by the ability of the lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitor, NDGA, to block TNFα-mediated lysis. Using DNA-specific staining (DAPI and Apoptag) it was shown that when the human ovarian and cervical carcinoma cells are lysed by TNFα, death occurs via apoptosis.
An examination and application of current lodging valuation practices

Lodging enterprises use a mix of approaches to estimate the value of their real property. Some approaches are formal, comprising theories and models while others are informal, operating by ad hoc rules of thumb. There is a wide variation and complexity between each valuation technique, with each offering benefits as well as limitations. While there are many approaches to valuating hospitality enterprises, three approaches are generally utilised to determine the value of lodging properties. These include the cost approach, the sales comparison approach and the income capitalisation approach. This paper presents an overview of the common valuation methods used in determining the value of hotels. The paper uses hypothetical data to illustrate the application of the income approach and the direct comparison approach.
Dense bone--too much bone: radiological considerations and differential diagnosis. Part I.

In conclusion, the attempt has been made to demonstrate that three major forms of new bone formation exist: reactive, neoplastic, and the newborn or relative skeletal sclerosis in congenital (developmental) disorders. A classification of skeletal disorders has been presented and four major groups have been selected from the nine categories in this classification. These are: congenital-developmental, metabolic and endocrine, benign neoplasms and malignant neoplasms. In all four categories a large group of entities which may present with new bone (sclerosis) are listed and are discussed in some, but limited, detail. A number of these entities in each of the four categories are illustrated. Some difficulty is encountered in considering the mechanisms for the production of bony sclerosis in the group of congenital-developmental disorders. In such entities as osteopetrosis, the overproduction of cartilage cords and subsequent excessive mineralization is known to be responsible for the dense bone. However, in various skeletal dysplasias (e.g., pyknodysostosis, van Buchem disease), the exact mechanism for the development of the diffuse sclerotic process is not clearly understood. In the metabolic and endocrine category, the situation as to mechanism is less unclear in considering the reason for the development of bony sclerosis. Yet even in evaluating disorders such as renal osteodystrophy, the reactive bony sclerosis in the presence of secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia is a source of speculation with no definite proof, as yet.
In-group loyalty or out-group avoidance? Isolating the links between pathogens and in-group assortative sociality

The target article gives two explanations for the correlation between pathogens, family ties, and religiosity: one highlights the benefits of xenophobic attitudes for reducing pathogen exposure, the other highlights the benefits of ethnic loyalty for mitigating the costs when a person falls ill. Preliminary data from traditional societies provide some support for the former explanation but not the latter.
The Tile Maker

Georg Simmel was fascinated by the notion of "the stranger " and the role such outsiders play in the social order. Camus used "the stranger" as a metaphor for the human condition. Anthropologists are in a sense professional strangers, always half in and half out of the communities they study. This is the story, or rather nonstory, of a stranger in Friesland. Nobody knew him, but the villagers talked to me, their ethnographer, about and around him. In the end, I got a chance to meet him, but I declined. The mystery of the stranger of East-of-the-Lake remains part of the aesthetic landscape of the Frisian lowlands. In this article I exercise poetic license to capture the mood of the small community, elusive in terms of traditional academic discourse. This short story—if one can call a hybrid like this a story—I find more evocative of the reality of East-of-the-Lake than the scholarly papers I have written about it. Certainly, literary approaches ring truer to many of our interlocutors, who feel more comfortable being fictionalized than objectified. A Frisian friend said of this piece, "It's the first thing you've written that sounds like reality."
CLASSIFICATION OF h-HOMOGENEOUS PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS WITH CONSTANT ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION

Almost all economic theories presuppose a production function, either on the firm level or the aggregate level. In this sense the production function is one of the key concepts of mainstream neoclassical theories. There is a very important class of production functions that are often analyzed in both microeconomics and macroeonomics; namely, $h$-homogeneous production functions. This class of production functions includes two important production functions; namely, the generalized Cobb-Douglas production functions and ACMS production functions. It was proved in 2010 by L. Losonczi \cite{L} that twice differentiable two-inputs $h$-homogeneous production functions with constant elasticity of substitution (CES) property are Cobb-Douglas' and ACMS production functions. Lozonczi also pointed out in \cite{L} that his proof does not work for production functions of $n$-inputs with $n>2$
Stackelberg price leadership in spatial competition

Abstract This paper examines Stackelberg price leadership in a spatially competitive model with infinitely many stores on an infinite line. A Stackelberg price leader charges significantly more than the pure Nash equilibrium price, induces its neighbors to charge somewhat more than the pure Nash equilibrium price, and increases its profits. Under Nash equilibrium, collusion of two stores makes a difference to prices only if the colluding stores are nearest neighbors. Under Stackelberg price leadership, collusion makes a difference to prices even if the stores are not nearest neighbors.
Manager Trustworthiness or Interactional Justice? Predicting Organizational Citizenship Behaviors

Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) are essential for effective organizational functioning. Decisions by employees to engage in these important discretionary behaviors are based on how they make sense of the organizational context. Using fairness heuristic theory, we tested two important OCB predictors: manager trustworthiness and interactional justice. In the process, we control for the effects of dispositional factors (propensity to trust) and for system-based organizational fairness (procedural and distributive justice). Results, based on surveys collected from 120 employee–supervisor dyads, indicate that manager trustworthiness explains variance in OCBs over and above the variance accounted for by interactional fairness. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Selective MRCP and CT-targeted drainage of malignant hilar biliary obstruction with self-expanding metallic stents.

Abstract Background: Endoscopic management of malignant hilar biliary obstruction is controversial with respect to optimal types of stents and extent of drainage. This study evaluated outcomes of selective MRCP and CT-targeted drainage with self-expanding metallic stents. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing attempted palliative ERCP for malignant hilar biliary obstruction were prospectively followed. Whenever possible, management strategy included evaluation and staging for potential resectability before ERCP, with primary placement of metallic stents at the first ERCP in nonsurgical candidates, and early conversion to a metallic stent when a tumor proved to be unresectable. MRCP and/or CT were used to plan selective guidewire access, opacification, and drainage only of the largest intercommunicating segmental ducts. Unilateral stent placement was intended in all cases except for selected patients with Bismuth II cholangiocarcinoma. Results: Thirty-five patients were included. Bismuth classification was I, 10; II, 6; III, 8; and IV, 11. Tumor origin was bile duct (17), gallbladder (5), and metastatic (13). Metallic stents were placed in 27 patients as the initial stent, and in 8 after plastic stent placement. Initial stents were placed endoscopically in 33 patients and percutaneously in 2 patients in whom lumenal tumor precluded ERCP. Stent placement was unilateral in 31 patients and bilateral in 4 patients. There were no episodes of cholangitis or other complications within 30 days after any procedures. Initial metallic stents were clinically effective in 27 (77%) of the 35 patients. Additional percutaneous drainage in 3 patients who did not respond to initial stent placement did not resolve jaundice. Median patency of first metallic stents was 8.9 months for patients with primary bile duct tumors and 5.4 months for all patients, and was not related to Bismuth classification. No further intervention was needed in 25 (71%) patients. Conclusions: Unilateral metallic stent placement by using MRCP and/or CT to selectively target drainage provides safe and effective palliation in most patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction. (Gastrointest Endosc 2003;58:41-9.)
High accuracy-wide range resistance measurement for thermistor sensors monitoring

This paper describes an electronic circuitry conceived in order to measure electrical resistance values over an extended range covering up to six orders of magnitude and capable to assure a very high accuracy at any operating temperature, without any calibration or trimming and using only one precision reference resistor: the accuracy is limited up to 0.2% close to the measurement range boundaries. This circuitry has been specifically designed for temperature measurement using PTC and NTC thermistor sensors in particular for automotive applications. A multichannel architecture with a single reference resistance for ASIC integration is also presented.
Traumatic nonanastomotic pseudoaneurysm of axillofemoral bypass graft: a case report and review of the literature.

Traumatic nonanastomtic disruption of an axillofemoral bypass graft (AFBG) is a relatively rare entity. However, we are reporting on an 82-year-old female who presented with a pulsating mass on her...
Surfactant Assisted Dispersion and Adhesion Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes on Cu-Zr and Cu-Zr-Al Amorphous Powders

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were dispersed in gas atomized Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 (CZA) and Cu50Zr50 (CZ) amorphous powders, in an effort to elucidate the mechanisms of adhesion of CNTs onto amorphous metallic powders. CNTs were homogenously dispersed in water using a zwitterionic (ZW) surfactant. Then CZA and CZ powders were submersed in the ZW-CNT suspensions with varying amounts of dwell time in an ultrasonic bath. The ZW-CNT-metal powder suspensions were dried, and CNT-metal composite powders were obtained after decomposition of the surfactant by calcination. Zeta potential measurements on ZW-CNT-metal powder suspensions and scanning electron microscopy investigation into the CNT-metal composite powders both indicated an ideal dwell time, for a specific alloy composition, of metallic powders in ZW-CNT suspension to achieve optimal adhesion of CNTs onto amorphous metallic powder surfaces. The results are rationalized on the basis of hydrolysis of metal ions into suspension creating a net positive charge on the metallic powder surfaces, and the interaction between the charged powder surfaces and the charged hydrophilic head groups of ZW, which has the other end attached to CNTs.
Power to Do…What? Department Heads’ Decision Autonomy and Strategic Priorities

Using questionnaire data from the 2010 Survey of Academic Chairs, the study focuses on decision autonomy, a component of the power wielded by science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) department chairs in U.S. research extensive universities. A “power index” is developed to measure chairs’ decision autonomy, specifically their control of resources employed in negotiations with faculty job candidates. The study asks: What determines the degree of decision autonomy power possessed by department heads; and, what are the strategic implications of department heads’ degree of this particular aspect of power? Results of an ordered logistic regression model show that having more power is associated with being hired from outside the current university, being male, and with department size. The power index is employed to predict departmental strategic priorities. Results show that the power index is positively associated with a strategic priority for research. The results show a negative relationship between degree of chair decision autonomy and a priority to increase faculty lines. A student-focused strategy is not predicted by the power index but is related to the size, with larger departments placing less emphasis on numbers or quality of students.
Acoustic radiation torque on small objects in viscous fluids and connection with viscous dissipation

This analysis reports a formula for torque and viscous power dissipation in scattering of orthogonal waves and vortex beams by a small compressible solid sphere in a slightly viscous fluid. The analysis is based on a viscous correction to far-field scattering, together with beam superposition. The analysis revels the relation between the torque and dissipation. The torque in a heavy sphere limit agrees with a prior analysis by Busse and Wang using boundary flow analysis. The results are applicable to arbitrary sound fields with proper phase distribution, and are extended to other small axisymmetric obstacles such as circular disks and cylinders.
Anomalies of the internal organs and diminished calcification of vertebrae in fetuses after benzhydrylpiperazine treatment of pregnant rats

Abstract Indications of the effects of chlorcyclizine treatment of pregnant rats on the internal organs of the rat fetus were sought. Hydrocephalus, hydronephrosis, undescended testes, and the previously described cleft palate occurred at their highest incidences when chlorcyclizine was given late in the period of organogenesis (days 13–16). The same defects occurred when drug was administered for various intervals earlier in gestation (days 7–12), but a higher dose was needed. A low incidence of resorptions, placental effects (enlargment, hemorrhagic and polycystic), and alternate effects occurred following the earlier times of administration. Thus a relatively constant syndrome of higher incidence of internal and external effects is produced, and evidence of a fluid imbalance in the fetus is presented. The dry weights of the whole fetus and of the fetal kidneys and heart were also reduced following relatively low doses of chlorcyclizine, 10 and 20 mg/kg. Dry weight of the brain was reduced by 40 mg/kg. Only with doses above 70 mg/kg was there a marked general inhibition of growth. When the dose was 20 mg/kg, the kidney and heart dry weights were normal 20 days after birth. Few litters survived the first day after birth when the dose was 40 mg/kg. Thus, an organ-specific effect can occur when one-third to one-half of the threshold dose for cleft palate formation is used. Calcification of the central vertebral bodies was reduced by 40 mg/kg. The results are discussed from the standpoint of the relative constancy of the syndrome of effects rather than from that of a changing spectrum, and from the standpoint of the potential persistence of effects at the various dose levels. Some of the findings represent additional evidence and manifestations of fluid imbalance at the lower doses.
Bridging the gulf: a common intermediate language for ML and Haskell

Compilers for ML and Haskell use intermediate languages that incorporate deeply-embedded assumptions about order of evaluation and side effects. We propose an intermediate language into which one can compile both ML and Haskell, thereby facilitating the sharing of ideas and infrastructure, and supporting language developments that move each language in the direction of the other. Achieving this goal without compromising the ability to Compile as good code as a more direct route turned out to be much more subtle than we expected. We address this challenge using monads and unpointed types, identify two alternative language designs, and explore the choices they embody.
Reply: Step training with severely damaged spinal cord

Sir, In general, we agree with the comments by Drs Wernig related to our recent publication (Kubasak et al ., 2008) that reported improved locomotor function after olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) implantation. We, however, would like to expand upon several points. If future rodent studies of implanted OEG combined with step training also report locomotor recovery after a complete spinal cord transection and if this improvement is demonstrated to be …
Peer Supervision for the Professional Development of School Counselors: Toward an Understanding of Terms and Findings

Current literature indicates a discrepancy between school counselors' reported desires for clinical supervision and their actual participation. To bridge this gap, peer supervision has been suggested as a viable alternative. However, a lack of definitional clarity makes it difficult to distinguish this activity from both clinical supervision and peer consultation. In this article, a definition of peer supervision is synthesized. Existing models that fit the offered definition are presented, followed by an overview of the outcomes research in this area. Recommendations for future research are also presented.
A COLLABORATIVE FAMILY-SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO TREATING CHRONIC ILLNESS: IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME AS EXEMPLAR

This article describes an evolving collaborative relationship between a family therapist and a physician focused on the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, a highly prevalent disorder which has several psychological characteristics. We began with a unique approach utilizing (1) simultaneous treatment by both specialists; (2) a focus on the relationship context of illness. This approach draws on family systemic theory and practice as well as a circular model of mind and body interaction. Because the intervention was significantly helpful to patients, the premises which informed it were then incorporated into a five session group treatment model. Results and clinical report support the efficacy of a collaborative systemic approach between a medical specialist and family psychologist in treating adult chronic illness.
Ethylene Plays Multiple Nonprimary Roles in Modulating the Gravitropic Response in Tomato

Ethylene is known to interact with auxin in regulating stem growth, and yet evidence for the role of ethylene in tropic responses is contradictory. Our analysis of four mutants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) altered in their response to gravity, auxin, and/or ethylene revealed concentration-dependent modulation of shoot gravitropism by ethylene. Ethylene inhibitors reduce wild-type gravicurvature, and extremely low (0.0005-0.001 microliter L-1) ethylene concentrations can restore the reduced gravitropic response of the auxin-resistant dgt (diageotropica) mutant to wild-type levels. Slightly higher concentrations of ethylene inhibit the gravitropic response of all but the ethylene-insensitive nr (never-ripe) mutant. The gravitropic responses of nr and the constitutive-response mutant epi (epinastic) are slightly and significantly delayed, respectively, but otherwise normal. The reversal of shoot gravicurvature by red light in the lz-2 (lazy-2) mutant is not affected by ethylene. Taken together, these data indicate that, although ethylene does not play a primary role in the gravitropic response of tomato, low levels of ethylene are necessary for a full gravitropic response, and moderate levels of the hormone specifically inhibit gravicurvature in a manner different from ethylene inhibition of overall growth.
Semi-inclusive DIS Experiments Using Transversely Polarized Targets in Hall-A: Current Results and Future Plans

Measurement of single (SSA) and double spin asymmetries (DSA) in semi- inclusive DIS reactions using polarized targets provide a powerful method to probe trans- verse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs). In particular, the ex- perimentally measured SSA on nucleon targets can help in extracting the transversity and Sivers distribution functions of u and d-quarks. Similarly, the measured DSA are sensitive to the quark spin-orbital correlations, and provide an access to the TMD parton distribu- tion function (g1T ). A recent experiment conducted in Hall-A Jefferson Lab using trans- versely polarized 3 He provide first such measurements on "effective" neutron target. The measurement was performed using 5.9 GeV beam from CEBAF and measured the target SSA/DSA in the SIDIS reaction 3 He " (e, e 0 � � )X. The kinematical range, x = 0.19�0.34, at Q 2 = 1.77�2.73 (GeV/c) 2 , was focused on the valence quark region. The results from this measurement along with our plans for future high precision measurements in Hall-A are presented.