cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initial Results of Managing Severe Bone Loss in Infected Total Joint Arthroplasty Using Customized Articulating Spacers

Twenty-three cases of infected total joint arthroplasty with substantial bone loss were treated with a cement spacer, which was customized intraoperatively to achieve joint stability and to allow motion. All but one of the patients were ambulatory with the spacer in place. Spacer dislocation occurred in 1 hip patient (9%) and in none of the knee patients. Articulating antibiotic-impregnated spacers with intraoperative customization is our preferred treatment of cases of infected total joint arthroplasty even in the presence of bone loss.
Semi‐empirical molecular orbital calculations: The neighbor atom potential term in the effective hamiltonian

Semi-empirical one-electron molecular orbital calculations were performed for the transient BeH2 monomer and a hypothetical dimer. The calculations were performed using various schemes: a non-iterative method, a charge self-consistent method using both Lowdin and Mulliken definitions of charge, and a neighbor atom potential expansion. It is concluded that a Lowdin population analysis is preferable to a Mulliken population analysis and that perturbations due to charge redistribution should either be completely ignored or accounted for using the neighbor atom potential depending on the purpose of the calculation.
Trends in technology management revisited

Although many in the field of technology management do decry the ultra-narrow and nitpicking foci of some published papers and research projects, systematic, credible research in the field does require a high level of partitioning-as compared with general policy research or management consulting practice. Here, the author discusses fairly specific research approaches to some of the current trends of technology management, given that some of them, indeed, represent fairly broad issues in the field. >
ISIS: an FUV imaging spectrometer design for space-based applications

We present an instrument design for imaging spectroscopy in the far ultraviolet (FUV, 912- 1250 angstrom) and the extreme ultraviolet (EUV, 100-912 angstrom). The design consists of a collimator and telescope to collected light, an aberration corrected planar holographic grating placed directly in the converging beam of the telescope, a transfer mirror, and a microchannel plate detector. The design provides spatial on the order of 10 arc seconds and is limited by telescope blur and detector resolution, not by grating-induced aberrations. The spectral resolution is approximately 1000 for point sources and greater than 30 for diffuse objects which uniformly illuminate the 10 arc minute collimator.
Generativity, Relational Spirituality, Gratitude, and Mental Health: Relationships and Pathways

In this study, the authors investigated generativity strivings or commitments in relation to spirituality, spiritual transformation (ST), gratitude, and mental health in the educational training context of graduate-level students (N = 194) at a university-based theological seminary in North America. Relational spirituality was operationalized based on a relational theoretical model (Shults & Sandage, 2006) that (a) defines spirituality as ways of relating to the sacred, including religious ways of relating, and (b) views spirituality as often involving a dialectic of dwelling and seeking (Wuthnow, 1998). Intrinsic religiosity was positively and quest negatively related to generativity strivings over and above age. The self-report of a recent ST moderated the relationship between generativity strivings and quest with those reporting an ST showing a quadratic relationship and those not reporting an ST showing a negative relationship. Gratitude mediated the relationship between generativity strivings and men...
Environmental Conditions Prior to Formation of a Midget Tropical Cyclone during TCM-93

Abstract During a 10-day period in the Tropical Cyclone Motion (TCM-93) field experiment over the tropical western North Pacific, tropical cyclone formation occurred in association with persistent deep convection that was observed over low-level, north-oriented confluent flow between a large monsoon gyre to the west of a strong subtropical ridge. The convection was also modulated by a strong diurnal cycle with a convective maximum just before dawn and a convective minimum during the late afternoon. Observations from two aircraft observing periods (A0Ps) during two consecutive daytime periods identified three distinct mesoscale convective vortices (MCVS) in the persistent deep convection. During the initial AOP (AOP-1A), a well-defined mesoscale circulation at 500 mb was located directly above the strong low-level, south-southwesterly confluent flow. However, reduction in convection and associated midlevel forcing during the convective minimum period contributed to the decay of the MCV before it could pene...
The recency of technological inputs and financial performance

Inventions differ in terms of the age of the knowledge base they build upon. We examine what effects differences in the recency of knowledge inputs have on financial performance. Using threshold regression analysis, we isolate three regimes that exhibit different associations between recency and stock return. We find that for firms whose new patents use inputs in the mid-range of the technological recency distribution, the relationship is positive; higher recency leads to higher stock return. However, for firms whose new patents make use of either nascent or very mature technological inputs, the effects are negative; higher recency leads to lower stock return. These findings indicate that it is not firms utilizing the most recent technological inputs that experience the highest returns to their inventive activity. Indeed, firms operating at the technological input frontier have market returns significantly below the mean. Rather, it is firms whose new patents utilize medial-aged technological inputs (i.e., firms using inputs slightly behind the technology frontier) that tend to experience the highest returns. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pathogenesis and reversibility of retinopathy induced by 1,4-bis (4-aminophenoxy)-2-phenylbenzene (2-phenyl-APB-144) in pigmented rats.

Pigmented male rats were administered a suspension of 0, 25, or 100 mg/kg 2-phenyl-APB-144 in corn oil by gavage. The rats were killed at 4 and 12 h, and at 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28, 57, or 84 days after a single oral administration. The primary site of retinopathy appeared to be the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The RPE cells showed necrosis within 12 h post-exposure (PE) at 25 mg/kg and within 4 h PE at 100 mg/kg. Subsequently, photoreceptor outer segments (POS) were disrupted with a hyperplastic RPE cell response within 2 days PE. Intact photoreceptor inner segments (PIS) and RPE cells apposing closely with distal POS were important determinants for reversibility of the damaged POS. The damaged RPE cells were regenerated prior to restoration of normal POS. At 25 mg/kg, both the RPE cells and POS were damaged, but PIS were intact. The damaged POS were regenerated from intact PIS with closely apposing RPE cells. By 14 days PE, the damaged POS had partially regenerated and attained approximately one third to one half of their normal length. By 57 and 84 days PE, the damaged retina had regained an essentially normal structure. In contrast, at 100 mg/kg, the POS and PIS were extensively disrupted, with marked RPE cell hyperplasia after 7 days PE resulting in the formation of multiple retinal arcades (foldings), and rosettes by 14 days PE. Subsequently, retinal arcades and rosettes gradually disappeared as the result of extensive loss of PIS and POS with progressive migration of photoreceptor nuclei toward the Bruch's membrane after 28 days PE. Focal regeneration of POS was observed by 57 days PE where intact PIS and a single layer of regenerated RPE cells were apposed closely with distal POS. The POS regeneration did not occur where the RPE cells were denuded or hyperplastic RPE cells were present. The hyperplastic RPE cells were devoid of slender apical processes, closely enclosing the distal POS. Approximately 20–30% of the retina had partially regained a normal structure by 84 days PE.
Preparation of copper-based oxygen carrier supported by titanium dioxide

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is an indirect oxygen combustion strategy, considered to be the most cost-effective power generation technology with the carbon dioxide (CO2) inherently concentrated. The oxygen carriers in the combustion process are subjected to severe environments, such as high temperatures, multi-cycle operations, and thermodynamic limitations. Thus, the preparation of an oxygen carrier with high durability and better kinetics under harsh environments could be an essential part of the development of the CLC process. In this study, copper oxide (CuO) was selected as an active ingredient, and was supported on the titanium-dioxide-based supporting materials, which was either directly from commercial titanium dioxide powder (TiO2) (anatase 99 %) or from tetrabutyl titanate, depending on methods. Three preparation methods were applied, including mechanic mixing (MM), sol–gel (SG), and wet impregnation (WI). Test results indicated all prepared oxygen carriers functioned properly in the multi-cycles of reduction and oxidation (redox) in thermogravimetric under 800 °C. Characterization and activity tests revealed that the CuO, prepared by the SG method was well-dispersed, highly active, and thermally stable in redox reactivity than those by the MM and WI methods. Furthermore, nucleation and diffusion models could better describe kinetics of prepared oxygen carrier based on the SG method.
Rater leniency and performance appraisal discomfort.

This study investigated the predictability of rater leniency from scores on an instrument designed to measure rater discomfort with performance appraisal situations. The 20-item Performance Appraisal Discomfort Scale (PADS) was administered twice to a sample of 178 undergraduate business students who rated performance of group members on three group projects under conditions designed to emulate features of actual appraisal situations. Results supported the notion that rater leniency is stable and predictable from PADS scores. Also, principal-component extracted and varimax rotated factors of the PADS were interpreted as corresponding to four distinct situational demands placed on raters in the course of performance appraisal. The results of this limited demonstration of the validity of PADS suggest that future application of the PADS or some like instrument may be useful for enhancing the validity of appraisal ratings and feedback utility.
Demonstration of large format mid-wavelength infrared focal plane arrays based on superlattice and BIRD detector structures

Abstract We have demonstrated the use of bulk antimonide based materials and type-II antimonide based superlattices in the development of large area mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) focal plane arrays (FPAs). Barrier infrared photodetectors (BIRDs) and superlattice-based infrared photodetectors are expected to outperform traditional III–V MWIR and LWIR imaging technologies and are expected to offer significant advantages over II–VI material based FPAs. We have used molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technology to grow InAs/GaSb superlattice pin photodiodes and bulk InAsSb structures on GaSb substrates. The coupled quantum well superlattice device offers additional control in wavelength tuning via quantum well sizes and interface composition, while the BIRD structure allows for device fabrication without additional passivation. As a demonstration of the large area imaging capabilities of this technology, we have fabricated mid-wavelength 1024 × 1024 pixels superlattice imaging FPAs and 640 × 512 MWIR arrays based on the BIRD concept. These initial FPA have produced excellent infrared imagery.
Cultural and Linguistic Investment: Adolescents in a Secondary Two-Way Immersion Program

This qualitative study inquired into secondary students' perceptions of their participation in a secondary Spanish-English two-way immersion (TWI) program, triangulating data from 166 surveys and 24 focus interviews across grades 6–12. After reviewing current research on secondary two-way immersion programs, the article describes the study and its findings. The first finding stresses the continuous link between language and identity and how this link differs within the Latino group. A second theme centered on how students viewed the linguistic and cultural capital the TWI program aims to develop, with the Anglo students identifying bilingualism for better job opportunities as the most important capital. Latino students also envisioned better job opportunities; however, Spanish was valued foremost for its connection to their families and roots. Finally, the third theme discusses linguistic and cultural equity. Though all students evaluated their experiences in the TWI program positively, they acknowledged ...
Sampling and analysis of the sea surface microlayer for dissolved and particulate trace elements

Abstract The air–sea interface, or sea surface microlayer (1–1000 μm), is a unique environment with different physical, chemical, and biological properties compared to the underlying water column. It is an important, yet often ignored component in the biogeochemical cycling of trace elements in the marine environment due to the lack of trace element clean sampling and analytical methods. A novel technique, a hollow cylinder of ultra-pure SiO2 (quartz glass) with a plastic handle, was developed to sample the microlayer for trace elements. This research also developed and optimized clean trace element techniques to accurately measure nine trace metals (Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in the dissolved and particulate fractions of the microlayer and underlying water column. Preliminary data from a study in the Western Mediterranean Sea involving a mesocosm (in situ all plastic bag) showed consistent measurements in the trace element concentrations over the course of several days. Microlayer samples that were collected outside the mesocosm showed increased dissolved and particulate trace element concentrations resulting from a wet deposition event.
The effect of leaching on mixing in porous media with a single heterogeneity

This paper presents an exploratory study of the effect of leaching on mixing in a porous medium containing a single heterogeneity to investigate the effect of the heterogeneity and time-dependent pore structure on dispersion. A percolation-convection simulation (PCS) model is used along with laboratory model experiments to study the mixing. The results show that mixing changes when the pores of the models are leached and that there is a change in regime influence during leaching. The simulation represents the mixing through a first leach for homogeneous media and for heterogeneous media with significant changes in permeability. If the pore structure is changing with time, prediction of mixing must include effects of heterogeneity and regime influence. Although the experimental results are representative of idealized laboratory sized systems they provide insight into the effects of leaching in heterogeneous media. Further the simulation may be useful on a field scale.
Health policy and the emerging tobacco reality.

Abstract Public policy is part of and a creator of modern environments. By intent or neglect, it affects our socially-created and natural worlds. It sets the odds for what organizations and individuals are likely to produce and consume in the form of goods, services and information, and assures how equitably these options for choice-making—and thus for life styles—are dispersed among social and economic groups. Policy is also created by environments: it is influenced by the reality of changing conditions and by the perceptions of those changes by groups who are organized to influence policymakers' views of ‘reality’. The direction, humaneness and healthfulness of societal changes—to the extent that they can be guided—depend on whether new and old things are seen by policymakers in new or old ways. Creating environments conducive to health thus requires a two-pronged effort. It means: (1) developing policies that provide incentives to producers and consumers to make more healthful choices than they do today; and (2) creating a social and political climate that will encourage policymakers to choose more healthful policy options. This view point is illustrated here through an analysis of the smoking and health issue, in which changing conditions can potentially be healthfully guided, or alternatively, left to the vagaries of political and economic events. This article outlines the changing economics of tobacco, mainly as seen in its largest form in the U.S.A., its policy implications, and a political strategy to move policy in more healthful directions. Economic data reveal the tobacco sector in affluent nations as one that has been slowly declining, but now at an accelerating rate. At the same time, the tobacco economy is a growing sector in less- industrialized nations. Policy issues involve how to deal with the economic changes in health-promoting ways. Strategically this requires two simultaneous efforts. One is education/informational: posing the smoking/health issue in light of changing conditions, and addressing policy-relevant data (both economic and value-oriented) to the gatekeepers of public action and information (e.g. policymakers and media). The second is environmental/organizational, to improve the feasibility of policy changes by establishing means for transition planning in the tobacco economy.
On the splitting of the ground state of Ni++ in Ni SiF6·6H2O

Abstract A summary is given of calculations on nickel fluosilicate which to a large extent reconcile tfie Stark splittings obtained from microwave spectra by Penrose and Stevens with the Faraday measurements of Becquerel and Van den Handel, and with the adiabatic demagnetisation data of Benzie and Cooke. The reconciliation is achieved by including suitable amounts of isotropic and anisotropic exchange. On the other hand the case of the hydrated nickel sulphates is much less satisfactory. Calculations made by L. Corliss show that the model of the crystalline field employed successfully by Krishnan and by Polder for hydrated sulphates of copper fails for those of nickel.
Synthesis of a Donor–Acceptor Diblock Copolymer via Two Mechanistically Distinct, Sequential Polymerizations Using a Single Catalyst

Treatment of a Ni-terminated poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), generated in situ from 5-chloromagnesio-2-bromo-3-hexylthiophene and Ni(1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)Cl2, with a perylene diimide-functionalized arylisocyanide monomer effects a chain-extension polymerization to afford a donor-acceptor diblock copolymer using a single catalyst and in a single reaction vessel. The two mechanistically distinct polymerizations proceed in a controlled, chain growth fashion, allowing the molecular weight of both the P3HT and poly(isocyanide) blocks to be tuned by adjusting the initial monomer-to-catalyst ratios. The resulting materials are found to self-assemble into crystalline, lamellar stacks of donor and acceptor components in the solid state, and also exhibit fluorescence quenching in thin films, properties which poise these materials for use in organic photovoltaic applications.
Fe deposition on Pt(111): a route to Fe-containing Pt–Fe alloy surfaces

Abstract Bimetallic surfaces formed by the evaporation of Fe onto a Pt(1 1 1) single crystal at 350 K in ultrahigh vacuum were examined by X-ray electron spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction (LEED), and low energy ion scattering. Some alloying occurs upon deposition, but heating thick Fe films to 600–850 K causes diffusion of Fe into the near-surface region and forms an alloy layer at the surface which contains 0.5-ML Fe. Annealing to 750 K orders the alloy and results in formation of a diffuse 2×2 LEED pattern. This procedure produces Fe-containing alloy surfaces that are more thermally stable against Pt surface segregation than expected from the behavior of Pt80Fe20(1 1 1) bulk crystals, and significant amounts of Fe are stabilized in the surface layer until temperatures as high as 950 K. Alloying with Fe causes a +0.40-eV chemical shift in the Pt(4f7/2) peak, but no chemical shift of the Fe(3d5/2) peak in the bulk of the crystal.
Magnesium and ketamine attenuate cognitive dysfunction following experimental brain injury

We evaluated the therapeutic effects of two noncompetitive antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, MgCl2 and ketamine, both individually and together, on cognitive dysfunction observed following parasagittal fluid-percussion (FP) brain injury in the rat. Using a modified Morris water maze technique, we found significant attenuation of post-traumatic memory dysfunction in animals treated with either MgCl2 (125 mumol) or ketamine (4 mg/kg) (P < 0.005). Combined MgCl2 and ketamine treatment also preserved memory function (P < 0.005), with no apparent additive effect.
Temperature dependence of triplet-exciton transport between sites of differing orientation in crystalline anthracene-tetracyanobenzene below 30 K☆

Abstract We show, by EPR, that the rate of triplet-exciton transfer between differently oriented sites in anthracene-TCNU increases from a minimum of 107 s−1 at 25 K to 108 s−1 at 4.2 K. We attribute this increase to the onset of coherent transport as in Sumi's model of anisotropic electron transport.
Ab initio theory of defect scattering in spherical whispering-gallery-mode resonators

An exact formalism for the interaction of a spherical whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonator with an externally or internally placed subwavelength scatterer is developed. The experimentally observed doublets in the spectra of high-$Q$ microspheres are shown to correspond to the ideal Mie resonance and a defect-induced resonance, while for TM-polarized WGMs a third peak is predicted. Explicit expressions for positions and widths of these new resonances are derived.
Ductile penny-shaped crack in a thick transversely isotropic plate

Abstract The Dugdale hypothesis is adapted to the problem of a penny-shaped crack contained in a thick transversely isotropic plate. The problem is solved using the techniques of Hankel transform. Exact expressions for the finite-stress condition and the crack shape function are obtained and calculated numerically for both composite materials and metallic substances. The normal stress is shown to be continuous at the value of the material yield stress along the outer circle of the inelastic zone. The example materials give both real and complex characteristic roots. The effects that the material anisotropy has on the inelastic zone size, the crack shape, and the crack opening displacement are clearly revealed in the numerical results presented. The effects of material anisotropy for the composites are compared to those for the metallic substances.
A Content Analysis of College Reading Association/Association of Literacy Educators and Researchers Teacher Education Publications: Past, Present, and Future

The purpose of this investigation was to conduct a content analysis of the publications of the Association of Literacy Educators and Researchers (ALER), previously known as College Reading Association (CRA), in the area of preservice teacher education in literacy. As a service to the organization, 71 articles published in ALER’s flagship journals between 1961 and 2011 were analyzed. Articles were coded to document descriptive characteristics, topics and issues addressed, and recommendations for improving teacher education. Findings are discussed in light of challenges to teacher educators in general and to ALER’s Teacher Education Division in particular as we continue to raise the bar in terms of making substantive contributions to the improvement of the next generation of teachers.
Coding of visual space by premotor neurons

In primates, the premotor cortex is involved in the sensory guidance of movement. Many neurons in ventral premotor cortex respond to visual stimuli in the space adjacent to the hand or arm. These visual receptive fields were found to move when the arm moved but not when the eye moved; that is, they are in arm-centered, not retinocentric, coordinates. Thus, they provide a representation of space near the body that may be useful for the visual control of reaching.
A Fast Two-Dimensional Karhunen-Loeve Transform

One frequently used image compression method is based on transform coding. In terms of RMS error, the best transform is the Karhunen-Loeve (Principal Components). This method is not generally used due to computational complexity. In this paper we show that under isotropicity conditions the Karhunen-Loeve is almost separable and that an approximate fast principal components transform exists. Our results indicate that the fast K-L is nearly as good as the true K-L and that it yields better results than other discrete transforms such as DLB, SLANT, or Hadamard. The approximations and errors are discussed in terms of the RMS and RMS correlated error.© (1975) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Functional, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Alaska White Fish Meal Made from Processing Byproducts

ABSTRACT Functional, nutritional, thermal, and rheological properties of Alaska white fish meals were evaluated. Emulsification capacity and stability, and fat and water adsorption of the fish meal samples were evaluated. Five fish meal samples were made from pollock:cod (95:5) processing byproducts collected on five separate days. Results showed that functional and nutritional properties of the fish meals were relatively consistent among the five different runs. All fish meals contained 66.1–69% protein and 6.2–8.1% fat, and had similar amino acid and mineral contents. The denaturation peak, Tmax, values ranged from 46.8 to 48.6°C and the enthalpy values ranged from 1.3 to 1.6 j/g. Doughs made from the white fish meals had viscoelasticity properties with G' greater than G″ and the delta values below 20.
X-ray diffraction analysis of a crystal of HscA from Escherichia coli

HscA is a constitutively expressed Hsp70 that interacts with the iron–sulfur cluster assembly protein IscU. Crystals of a truncated form of HscA (52 kDa; residues 17–505) grown in the presence of an IscU-recognition peptide, WELPPVKI, have been obtained by hanging-drop vapor diffusion using ammonium sulfate as the precipitant. A complete native X-ray diffraction data set was collected from a single crystal at 100 K to a resolution of 2.9 A. The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 158.35, b = 166.15, c = 168.26 A, and contains six molecules per asymmetric unit. Phases were determined by molecular replacement using the nucleotide-binding domain from DnaK and the substrate-binding domain from HscA as models. This is the first reported crystallization of an Hsp70 containing both nucleotide- and substrate-binding domains.
Diffraction effects and special advantages in electronic heterodyne moire deflectometry.

Effects of diffraction on the performance of electronic heterodyne readout of moire fringes are investigated. The sensitivity, accuracy, and resolution of the system are calculated, and it is shown that these features are significantly improved compared with the conventional intensity moire readout technique. The sensitivity of the system can be tripled without changing the distance between gratings. The system was evaluated experimentally by measuring the refractive-index derivatives of a weak phase object consisting of a large KD(asterisk)P crystal. Effects of nonlinear fringe modulation were studied both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that in this case the electronic phase is not linearly related to the fringe shift, and calibration of the system is necessary.
Synergism between research and simulation models of estuarine microbial food webs.

Construction of mathematical simulation models helps to organize current information and extend inferences from available data. During the past two decades, microbial ecology has undergone rapid developments in both quantity and quality of available data. In particular, considerable advances have been made in our knowledge of microbial food web dynamics in the Duplin River watershed at Sapelo Island, Georgia. Here we provide examples of how modeling and microbial ecology have interfaced. In the early 1970s, construction of a 14-compartment model of carbon flow through a salt marsh ecosystem aided in directing method development and field experiments on the sediment microbial community. In turn, the results of field experiments corroborated the model's postulated controls on the community. Also, during the past 12 years we have developed a series of simulation models reflecting the growing information on the aquatic microbial food web. Early models provided evidence for the microbial loop but illustrated the paucity of knowledge concerning controls for bacterial growth on detritus. Results from newer methods in microbial ecology and studies from the Duplin River have allowed us to construct a model which provides realistic simulations but is also highly sensitive to certain parameter value changes (e.g., in organic matter availability and grazing by protozoans). Thus improvements in model structure and corroboration of the models with extant data have been closely tied to methodological and conceptual advances in microbial ecology. The relationship is viewed as synergistic, as needs for model parameter values and equation forms have directed further development of methods, experimentation, and field observations.
Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients Supported by Left Ventricular Assist Device

Purpose Ventricular arrhythmias (VA) are common following implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Morbidity from VA in this population includes right ventricular failure. The optimal treatment strategy for these arrhythmias is unknown. Methods and Materials A retrospective analysis of patients supported by LVAD who were referred for catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) between 2005 and the present was performed. Results Six patients were referred for VT ablation an average of 142+166 days following LVAD implantation. Baseline characteristics of the patients are shown below. All patients had a continuous flow LVAD. Four had developed right ventricular failure (defined by the need for right ventricular assist device placement or prolonged pulmonary vasodilators) in the setting of intractable arrhythmias. A retrograde approach was used for 5 patients and an epicardial approach for 1. The pre-procedural clinical VT was inducible in all patients and successfully ablated in 5. The location of these arrhythmias was inferior in 3, lateral in 1, and apical in 2. A total of 8 VTs were ablated in 5 patients. However, ventricular arrhythmias recurred in all but one patient. One patient experienced a bleeding complication following the procedure. Conclusions For patients with a high burden of ventricular arrhythmias following LVAD implantation, catheter ablation of VT is safe and feasible, but clinical arrhythmias frequently recur in this population. Clinical Characteristics of Patients Age (years) 63.5 ± 11.1 Gender (% male) 100 (6) Indication (% BTT) 66.7 (4) Cardiomyopathy Type (%ICM) 66.7 (4) Left Ventricular End Diastolic Dimension (cm) 6.2 ± 1.1 Beta-Blocker (%) 100 (6) Amiodarone (%) 100 (6) Additional Anti-Arrhythmic (%) 66.7 (4) Pre-operative VT Ablation (%) 16.7 (1)
Multiple forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from bovine carotid artery smooth muscle.

Abstract DEAE-cellulose chromatography, in the presence and absence of Ca 2+ , of the 16,000 g supernatant from bovine carotid artery smooth muscle has been used to separate four different types of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (3′:5′-cyclic-nucleotide 5′-nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.17) activity, designated types A, B, C, and D. Type A is a high affinity, cyclic AMP-specific form of phosphodiesterase ( K m = 1.6 μ M) and elutes at relatively high ionic strength. Type B is a high affinity ( K m = 2 μ M), cyclic GMP-specific form which elutes at low ionic strength. Type C is a mixed substrate form, displaying anomalous kinetics for the hydrolysis of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. It elutes from DEAE-cellulose at an ionic strength intermediate to that of types A and B. Type D is also a mixed substrate form of phosphodiesterase. However, its elution pattern from DEAE-cellulose differs, depending on whether Ca 2+ is present or not, suggesting a Ca 2+ -dependent interaction between this enzyme form and the acidic Ca 2+ -dependent regulator protein (CDR). The hydrolytic activity of type D is stimulated by CDR, and activation requires the simultaneous presence of Ca 2+ and CDR. Kinetic analysis of cyclic AMP hydrolysis by type D gives a linear double reciprocal plot; activation has no effect on the K m but increases the velocity approximately sixfold. Activation of cyclic GMP hydrolysis apparently affects both the K m and V . At all concentrations tested, the degree of activation is higher with cyclic AMP than with cyclic GMP. It is suggested that while the activable form of phosphodiesterase may play a relatively minor role in the overall hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotides, Ca 2+ -dependent activation may have a more important role in regulating the level of cyclic AMP than that of cyclic GMP in vascular smooth muscle.
Halogenated ketenes. XXIII. 2‐Oxetanones

The cycloaddition of dichloroketene with several simple ketones to produce 2-oxetanones is described. The ketene is generated in situ by the zine dehalogenation method and the zinc/zinc chloride activates the carbonyl group of the ketone. The cycloaddition of methylchloro- and methylbromoketenes with some activated carbonyl compounds is also deseribed.
Stress Field Evolution in a Ball Bearing Raceway Fatigue Spall

The governing mechanisms of fatigue spall propagation in ball bearing inner raceways are investigated through the use of elastic-plastic finite element modeling, X-ray diffraction, and the visual inspection of fatigue spall cracks. The model simulates multiple ball impacts with a fatigue spall's edge in a 208 size ball bearing operating at 10,000 rpm. Ball impacts are shown to cause severe plastic deformation within the spall edge and induce tensile residual stresses. The finite element results are supported by X-ray diffraction measurements and the locations of cracks observed around the edge of a spall.
Studies on the factors that govern directionality of axonal growth in the embryonic optic nerve and at the chiasm of mice

What are the forces residing at the presumptive chiasm of embryonic mice that control the directionality (i.e., side specificity) of the optic axons? In an attempt to answer this question, the overall trajectories of individual fascicles of early growing axons and the various environments that they encounter along their pathway have been charted from the eye through the nerve and into the base of the diencephalon. Serial sections and reconstructive computer graphic techniques were used for the analysis. The early optic axons (embryonic (E) day 13.5) arrive at the chiasm in a stereotyped topographic arrangement. However, the fiber array at the primitive chiasm is not retinotopically organized nor is it maintained with the same level of spatial precision as it is at the disc. Thus, the annular, inverted retinotopic contingent of "pioneering" axons that exists in the primitive nerve becomes reorganized at the chiasm into a crescent-shaped configuration, with fascicles from ventrotemporal and ventronasal retina at either side of the crescent and with fascicles from dorsal retina interposed. Because of their gross locations in the crescent, particular clusters of fibers, each largely originating from different retinal sectors, but "contaminated" with fibers from other regions, come in contact with different types of nonneuronal structures at the chiasm. One, a dense, knotlike glial formation that lies along the margin of the diencephalic-telencephalic junction, directs all adjacent (ventronasal) fibers contralaterally. The other, a discrete pathway of lengthy marginal glial processes, separated by an anastomotic system of large extracellular spaces, guides all nearby fibers from ventrotemporal retina ipsilaterally. The results suggest that fiber topography as well as local environmental factors may play important roles in guiding axons at the chiasm.
Wavefield extrapolation of body waves for 3-D imaging of earthquake sources

Summary Reverse-time imaging of earthquake source parameters is extended from two to three spatial dimensions and from two- to three-component recordings. Provided that the recording aperture is sufficiently large, and the data are not spatially aliased, source radiation patterns, in both time and space, can be reconstructed by elastic reverse-time propagation of body waves; such reconstructions are necessarily partial as only the energy that was recorded is available for reconstruction. For a point source, the origin time and the (3-D) spatial location of an event can be reconstructed by extracting the time and position, of the best focused energy from the backward propagating wavefield. For a spatially and temporally extended source, biased estimates of fault position and rupture/slip time history can be estimated if the recording aperture is sufficient; for smaller recording apertures, the time history can still be estimated if the fault location and geometry are known a priori. The latter is viable for a reasonable number (<200) of three-component recordings, and so is potentially applicable to real data. All these processes assume that a smoothed representation of the 3-D velocity distribution in the volume containing the source and receivers is available.
The long‐term effect of chlorhexidine on plaque, gingivitis, sulcus depth, gingival recession, and loss of attachment in beagle dogs

The long-term effects of chlorhexidine on plaque, gingivitis, sulcus depth, loss of attachment, and gingival recession in the beagle dog were evaluated in this study. Dogs treated thrice daily with 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate were found to have significantly less plaque, gingivitis, loss of attachment, and gingival recession than dogs treated similarly with water. The study demonstrates that chlorhexidine is effective in preventing the normal progression of periodontal disease in the beagle dog over a five-year period.
Scheduling Network of Queues: Heavy Traffic Analysis of Multistation Network With Controllable Inputs

Motivated by a factory scheduling problem, we consider the problem of input control, subject to a specified product mix, and priority sequencing in a two-station multiclass queueing network with general service time distributions and a general routing structure. The objective is to minimize the long-run expected average number of customers in the system subject to a constraint on the long-run expected average output rate. Under balanced heavy loading conditions, this scheduling problem is approximated by a control problem involving Brownian motion. A reformulation of this Brownian control problem was solved exactly in 1990 by L. M. Wein. In the present paper, this solution is interpreted in terms of the queueing network model in order to obtain an effective scheduling rule. The resulting sequencing policy dynamically prioritizes customers according to reduced costs calculated from a linear program. The input rule is a workload regulating input policy, where a customer is injected into the system whenever the expected total amount of work in the system for the two stations falls within a prescribed region. An example is presented that illustrates the procedure and demonstrates its effectiveness.
Two partitioning type clustering algorithms

In this article, two partitioning type clustering algorithms are presented. Both algorithms use the same method for selecting cluster seeds; however, assignment of documents to the seeds is different. The first algorithm uses a new concept called “cover coefficient,” and it is a single-pass algorithm. The second one uses a conventional measure for document assignment to the cluster seeds and is a multipass algorithm. The concept of clustering, a model for seed oriented partitioning, the new centroid generation approach, and an illustration for both algorithms are also presented in the article.
A direct brain interface based on event-related potentials

Cross-correlation between a trigger-averaged event-related potential (ERP) template and continuous electrocorticogram was used to detect movement-related ERP's. The accuracy of ERP detection for the five best subjects (of 17 studied), had hit percentages >90% and false positive percentages <10%. These cases were considered appropriate for operation of a direct brain interface.
Video image registration evaluation for a layered sensing environment

In this paper, several methods to register and stabilize a motion imagery video sequence under the layered sensing concept are evaluated. Utilizing the layered sensing paradigm, an area is surveyed by a multitude of sensors at many different altitudes and operating across many modalities. Utilizing a combination of sensors provides better insight into a situation than could ever be achieved with a single sensor. A fundamental requirement in layered sensing is to first register, stabilize, and normalize the data from each of the individual sensors. This paper extends our previous work [1] to include experimental analysis. The paper contribution provides an evaluation of four registration algorithms now including the (1) Lucas-Kanade (LK) algorithm, (2) the Ohio State University (OSU)1 correlation-based method, (3) robust data alignment (RDA), and (4) Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). Results demonstrate that registration accuracy and robustness were achieved with the LK and correlation-based methods over the others for image-to-image registration, restricted adaptive tuning, and stabilization over warped images; while the SIFT outperformed the others for partial image overlap.
Proteomic profiling of the effect of metabolic acidosis on the apical membrane of the proximal convoluted tubule

The physiological response to the onset of metabolic acidosis requires pronounced changes in renal gene expression. Adaptations within the proximal convoluted tubule support the increased extraction of plasma glutamine and the increased synthesis and transport of glucose and of NH4+ and HCO3− ions. Many of these adaptations involve proteins associated with the apical membrane. To quantify the temporal changes in these proteins, proteomic profiling was performed using brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from proximal convoluted tubules (BBMVPCT) that were purified from normal and acidotic rats. This preparation is essentially free of contaminating apical membranes from other renal cortical cells. The analysis identified 298 proteins, 26% of which contained one or more transmembrane domains. Spectral counts were used to assess changes in protein abundance. The onset of acidosis produced a twofold, but transient, increase in the Na+-dependent glucose transporter and a more gradual, but sustained, increase (3-fold) in the Na+-dependent lactate transporter. These changes were associated with the loss of glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes that are contained in the BBMVPCT isolated from normal rats. In addition, the levels of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase increased twofold, while transporters that participate in the uptake of neutral amino acids, including glutamine, were decreased. These changes could facilitate the deamidation of glutamine within the tubular lumen. Finally, pronounced increases were also observed in the levels of DAB2 (3-fold) and myosin 9 (7-fold), proteins that may participate in endocytosis of apical membrane proteins. Western blot analysis and accurate mass and time analyses were used to validate the spectral counting.
To Accept or Reject? The Impact of Adolescent Rejection Sensitivity on Early Adult Romantic Relationships

Successfully navigating entry into romantic relationships is a key task in adolescence, which sensitivity to rejection can make difficult to accomplish. This study uses multi-informant data from a community sample of 180 adolescents assessed repeatedly from age 16 to 22. Individuals with elevated levels of rejection sensitivity at age 16 were less likely to have a romantic partner at age 22, reported more anxiety and avoidance when they did have relationships, and were observed to be more negative in their interactions with romantic partners. In addition, females whose rejection sensitivity increased during late adolescence were more likely to adopt a submissive pattern within adult romantic relationships, further suggesting a pattern in which rejection sensitivity forecasts difficulties.
Postirradiation sarcomas. A single‐institution study and review of the literature

Background. With improvement in survival after cancer treatment, it is becoming increasingly important to examine treatment-related morbidity and mortality. Sarcomas can develop in the irradiated field after radiation therapy (RT). The authors undertook a study to estimate the risk, and compared the risk of postirradiation sarcoma (PIS) with other treatment modalities used against cancer. Me(hods. Since 1987 the authors have reviewed the records of 1089 patients with head and neck, gynecologic, gastrointestinal, and extremity sarcomas. Of these 1089 patients, 37 had a prior history of RT
Adenylyl Cyclase Type VI Increases Akt Activity and Phospholamban Phosphorylation in Cardiac Myocytes

Increased expression of adenylyl cyclase VI has beneficial effects on the heart, but strategies that increase cAMP production in cardiac myocytes usually are harmful. Might adenylyl cyclase VI have beneficial effects unrelated to increased β-adrenergic receptor-mediated signaling? We previously reported that adenylyl cyclase VI reduces cardiac phospholamban expression. Our focus in the current studies is how adenylyl cyclase VI influences phospholamban phosphorylation. In cultured cardiac myocytes, increased expression of adenylyl cyclase VI activates Akt by phosphorylation at serine 473 and threonine 308 and is associated with increased nuclear phospho-Akt. Activated Akt phosphorylates phospholamban, a process that does not require β-adrenergic receptor stimulation or protein kinase A activation. These previously unrecognized signaling events would be predicted to promote calcium handling and increase contractile function of the intact heart independently of β-adrenergic receptor activation. We speculate that phospholamban phosphorylation, through activation of Akt, may be an important mechanism by which adenylyl cyclase VI increases the function of the failing heart.
Measurement of ultrasound phase velocity in trabecular bone using adaptive phase tracking

Ultrasound velocity (UV) is one of the most popular ultrasound properties in the assessment of bone status. The defining of the arrival time of ultrasound pulse transmitted through the bone is critical to the accuracy of UV measurement. The adaptive phase tracking method can measure the accurate arrival time of a specific frequency component from the broadband ultrasonic pulse through the detection of time dependent phase information. The phase UV derived from the method is objective and robust. When correlated with the stiffness of the trabecular bone from sheep femoral condyle, the phase UV in the trabecular bone obtained through this method has the highest correlation coefficient (r=0.84) compared to the group velocity (r=0.76) and the phase velocity from FFT analysis (r=0.14).