cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radio Interferometric Test of the General Relativistic Light Bending Near the Sun

We have used radio interferometry to measure the deflection of a radio source as it passed the sun. This deflection is a separable combination of refraction in the coronal electron plasma and the general relativistic effect. The observed deflection was ${1.04}_{\ensuremath{-}0.10}^{+0.15}$ times that predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity. The observation also yielded a reasonable value for the coronal electron density.
Video servers take root

Video servers are a key component of interactive networks. They have been made possible by the development of processors and standards for video compression. The author discusses their role in interactive television systems and considers video server architectures. >
Strong-coupling approach to the quantization of conformal gravity

Unlike the Einstein-Hilbert action, conformal gravity is a formally renormalizable theory. However, conformal gravity has nonunitary dipole ghosts when quantized in the weak-coupling approximation. We conjecture that the weak-coupling limit is not a valid one, because of the presence of infrared divergences and the existence of nontrivial Dirac constraints on the physical eigenstates of the theory. We show that the simplest, realistic analog for conformal gravity is higher-derivative Yang-Mills theory. We study its strong-coupling limit and show that its eigenstates are stringlike and that the dipole ghosts are completely eliminated by the gauge constraints. We formulate conformal gravity in the strong-coupling approximation, both in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian forms. Again, there seem to be powerful constraints which eliminate dipole ghosts from the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian and which allow stringlike states. We find "ghost confinement." One interpretation, in this picture, is to identify the graviton as a stringlike solution to the Dirac constraints of the conformal group.
Speech priming: Evidence for rate persistence in unscripted speech

Previous research has shown evidence for priming of rate in scripted speech. Two experiments examined the persistence of rate in production of unscripted picture descriptions. In Experiment 1, speakers heard and repeated priming sentences presented at a fast or slow rate and in a passive or active form. Speakers then described a new picture. The timing of their productions reflected the timing of the prime. In Experiment 2, participants heard but did not repeat the priming sentences. As in Experiment 1, their picture descriptions reflected the rate of the priming sentences. These experiments demonstrate persistence of rate, an acoustic dimension related to prosody, in unscripted speech. The persistence in timing may provide a social advantage and help to coordinate conversation.
Proximity effects in T1 → S0 radiationless transitions of pyrazine and its methyl derivatives☆

Abstract Proximity effects on the T 1 → S 0 intersystem crossing and phosphorescence of pyrazine, 2-methylpyrazine, and 2,6-dimethylpyrazine are discussed. Chemical substitution and environmental effects are used to modify the electronic energy gaps in the triplet manifold. The extent of out-of-plane activity in the phosphorescence spectra is correlated with the rate of non-radiative decay from the lowest triplet state.
Surface Reaction Mechanisms during Ozone-Based Atomic Layer Deposition of Titanium Dioxide

We have investigated the surface reaction mechanisms during the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of TiO2 using titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) and ozone using in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ozone reaction mechanism is fundamentally different than water-based ALD of metal oxides, where −OH groups are the reactive sites for metal alkoxides. In ozone-based ALD, the isopropoxy-ligand-terminated surface, generated after TTIP exposure, reacts with ozone, forming different surface carbonates. Upon subsequent TTIP exposure, the isopropoxy ligands chemisorb on the surface carbonates, releasing CO2. The growth rate, ∼0.52 A/cycle, is almost independent of the substrate temperature between 150 and 250 °C.
Bloodless surgery in a Jehovah's Witness patient with a 12.7-kg uterine leiomyosarcoma.

Introduction Bloodless surgery aims to optimize outcomes in patients undergoing surgical procedures who wish to avoid allogeneic transfusion. Using a series of interventions and management strategies related to this goal, patients who were previously considered extremely high risk or inoperable without a blood transfusion can now undergo complex surgical procedures with acceptable outcomes. The techniques of bloodless surgery have been incorporated in order to care for a patient with a large uterine sarcoma with involvement and invasion into adjacent organs. Case A 52-year-old female Jehovah’s Witness patient refusing allogeneic blood transfusion presented to the gynecologic oncology division with a 40-cm pelvic mass and anemia. She was enrolled into the bloodless surgery program at the authors’ institution and subsequently underwent surgical resection of a 12.7-kg uterine leiomyosarcoma. Although her intraoperative course was significant for severe anemia with a hemoglobin of 2.5 g/dl and her postoperative course required long-term hospitalization, the patient regained full function to her preoperative performance status. Conclusions Bloodless surgery in patients with a potential for large-volume intraoperative blood loss requires a well-organized systematic, multidisciplinary approach to achieve the best possible outcome
Contrahentes digitorum muscle.

Variations of the adductor pollicis muscle of the hand are seemingly rare. We describe an unusual finding of this muscle made during the routine dissection of a cadaveric hand as part of our medical school's gross anatomy course. We believe this case report represents persistence of a portion of the contrahentes digitorum in a human hand. As muscle variations may compress the median nerve while in the carpal tunnel, the clinician should be aware of such a variation. Clin. Anat. 18:606–608, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Introduction: Shining Light on the Shadows: The Political Economy of Illicit Transactions in the Mediterranean

Mediterranean countries are tied together through a dense set of economic, political and social interactions. In the last two decades, there has been an expansion in the scale of illicit transactio...
Current and Future Challenges in Groundwater. II: Water Quality Modeling

AbstractGroundwater quality has been a long-standing concern to water engineers and managers. Numerous studies have examined the causes of contamination, and designs for remediation systems have been developed for contamination from domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities. There is renewed interest in groundwater quality of aquifers from recent activities such as induced saltwater intrusion, hydraulic fracturing, carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration, and deep geologic storage of nuclear waste. These topics are reviewed and discussed in this paper, focusing on the new challenges resulting from these activities. In this context, modeling flow and transport mechanisms in fractured rocks is relevant, and some recent advances in the field of fracture hydrology are highlighted. More advanced techniques of analysis, namely, fractional advection dispersion equations, are discussed in light of new interest in this topic. It is clear that advances in theory, numerical modeling, and experimentation are neede...
Drug use and sexually transmitted diseases among female and male arrested youths

Knowledge of the rates and correlates of juvenile offenders' sexually transmitted diseases (STD) has been limited to samples of incarcerated youths comprised mostly of males. Data collected on 442 female and 506 male youths processed at a centralized intake facility enabled us to study this important public health problem among a sample of juvenile offenders at the front end of the justice system. Female-male, multi-group latent class analyses identified two subgroups, High Risk and Lower Risk, of youths described by a latent construct of risk based on drug test results, STD test results, and a classification for the seriousness of arrest charge. The results found: (1) a similar classification distinguished High Risk and Lower Risk male and female youths, and (2) important gender group differences in sexual risk related factors (e.g., substance use during sexual encounters). Among the youths in this sample who tested positive for an STD, 66% of the girls and 57% of the boys were released back into the community after arrest. Overall, our findings raise serious public health and social welfare concerns, for both the youths and the community. Prevention and intervention implications of these findings are also discussed.
Mobile applications tracking wireless user location

Location-based services enabled by broadband wireless access play an increasingly important role in people's daily navigation and coordination. Location-based applications frequently report user location to Internet servers, and location accuracy is essential to the utility of these services. However, regular and accurate location updates impact efficient usage of network resources and also users' privacy, which is not directly observed by the users. In this paper, we conducted a large scale measurement study to understand location accuracy and communication frequency of such applications. We found that while most location reports are accurate enough, some applications run in the background, reporting user locations with a higher accuracy and frequency than needed for the user's purpose. For example, while from the user perspective, hourly zip code updates are enough location information to obtain local weather conditions, some weather forecast applications report user location every five minutes or less and at GPS-level accuracy. We found that location reports from many phone applications are accurate enough and frequent enough to enable the inference of users home and work addresses, and potentially their identity, exacerbating user privacy concerns.
Mainstreaming for the educationally deprived

William J. Mosley Howard H. Spicker Department of Special Education Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana In 1968 Lloyd Dunn questioned the appropriateness of special class placement for children thought to be mildly handicapped who had been assessed, labeled, and classified as educable mentally retarded (EMR). Dunn appears to have raised the issue of the appropriateness of EMR special classes for the mildly handicapped for two principal reasons. One reason was that many children who do in fact evidence mild forms of low cognitive functioning may have a better chance of having their educational needs met through regular rather than special education. Dunn pointed to the negative effects of traditional classifying labels used in special education, to poor academic showing of EMR children in special classes, and to the general inequality of educational opportunity that characterizes the self-contained special education EMR classroom. By contrast Dunn pointed to the overall improvements found in such areas as instructional design and development and teacher training programs in regular education. Consequently, according to Dunn, many children labeled EMR who in fact seemed to be mildly handicapped would be more appropriately placed in regular, rather than in special education EMR, classes. Dunn also appears to have had a second reason for raising the issue of the inappropriateness of special education EMR classes for children classified as mildly handicapped. This reason was that an unusually large number of children in special education EMR classes were of low social status and were racially or culturally different. An extremely large percentage of this group did not evidence low cognitive functioning when appropriately tested. Dunn's concern here was that many children were being placed in special education EMR classes not because they evidenced low cognitive functioning, but because they encountered school performance difficulties owing to problems relating to low social status, race, and culture.
Pre-Global Surveyor evidence for Martian ground water

A time-dependent theory for the evolution of water on Mars is presented. Using this theory and invoking a large number of observational constraints, I argue that these constraints require that a large reservoir of water exists in the Martian crust at depths shallow enough to interact strongly with the atmosphere. The constraints include the abundance of atmospheric water vapor, escape fluxes of hydrogen and deuterium, D/H ratios in the atmosphere and in hydrous minerals found in one Martian meteorite, alteration of minerals in other meteorites, and fluvial features on the Martian surface. These results are consonant with visual evidence for recent groundwater seepage obtained by the Mars Global Surveyor satellite.
A simple method for measurement of the full three-dimensional velocity distribution of photofragments and reaction products

Abstract We describe and demonstrate a simple and general laser spectroscopic approach for quantum-state-resolved measurement of all three components of the recoil velocity of the products of photodissociation or photoinduced chemical reactions. The method relies on pulsed-laser determination of the time-of-flight distribution of the products. We call this method POSTS, for position sensitive translational spectroscopy. POSTS requires only a single probe laser, which does not have to have a narrow frequency bandwidth. The method is applicable to all atomic and molecular species and will work with most laser detection schemes.
Effectiveness of Simulation Techniques in Teaching Behavior Management

This study compared the relative effectiveness of simulated encounters with behavior management problems and the traditional lecture-discussion method in teaching behavior management skills to undergraduate music education majors. More specifically, it investigated whether differential attitude changes, responses to written hypothetical situations, and competencies in handling behavior problems in an actual classroom situation followed simulation treatment procedures, compared to the standard lectures and discussions. Results indicated that both treatments appear to be equally effective. However, when subjects from experimental and control groups were placed in an actual classroom teaching situation, the members of the experimental group functioned more effectively.
Functional cis-regulatory genomics for systems biology

Gene expression is controlled by interactions between trans-regulatory factors and cis-regulatory DNA sequences, and these interactions constitute the essential functional linkages of gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Validation of GRN models requires experimental cis-regulatory tests of predicted linkages to authenticate their identities and proposed functions. However, cis-regulatory analysis is, at present, at a severe bottleneck in genomic system biology because of the demanding experimental methodologies currently in use for discovering cis-regulatory modules (CRMs), in the genome, and for measuring their activities. Here we demonstrate a high-throughput approach to both discovery and quantitative characterization of CRMs. The unique aspect is use of DNA sequence tags to “barcode” CRM expression constructs, which can then be mixed, injected together into sea urchin eggs, and subsequently deconvolved. This method has increased the rate of cis-regulatory analysis by >100-fold compared with conventional one-by-one reporter assays. The utility of the DNA-tag reporters was demonstrated by the rapid discovery of 81 active CRMs from 37 previously unexplored sea urchin genes. We then obtained simultaneous high-resolution temporal characterization of the regulatory activities of more than 80 CRMs. On average 2–3 CRMs were discovered per gene. Comparison of endogenous gene expression profiles with those of the CRMs recovered from each gene showed that, for most cases, at least one CRM is active in each phase of endogenous expression, suggesting that CRM recovery was comprehensive. This approach will qualitatively alter the practice of GRN construction as well as validation, and will impact many additional areas of regulatory system biology.
Microstructure of Selected Binary Food Powder Mixtures

Binary mixtures of sugar, citric acid, malic acid, soy protein and starch, after exposure to various relative humidities, were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It is shown that depending on interparticle surfaceaffinity, concentration and relative humidity, the mixtures could be random, partially random, ordered or partially ordered. The type of bridging, between the aggregated particles depended on their chemical species and the availability of surface moisture.
The relation between vowel recognition and measures of frequency resolution.

The purpose of this study was to employ measures of frequency resolution obtained from individual subjects to predict each subject's vowel recognition performance. Input filter patterns at six test...
Transcutaneous bilirubinometry: comparison of two multiwavelength devices in healthy term newborns

The correlation coefficient for fair, dark intermediate, and dark skin was r=0.91, 0.89, and 0.72 respectively with JM103 and r=0.87, 0.90, and 0.70 respectively with BiliCheck. The sensitivity to predict significant hyperbilirubinemia is 98.7% for JM-103 and 85.7% for BiliCheck. Both devices are reliable, accurate, and sensitive to be used clinically distinguishing those babies who need further assessment and follow-up. JM-103 was more accurate, and the measurements can be assessed with this monogram with high accuracy to predict significant hyperbilirubinemia.
Sequence of the nucleocapsid protein gene of Machupo virus: close relationship with another South American pathogenic arenavirus, Junín.

The sequence of the nucleocapsid (N) protein of Machupo virus (causative agent of Bolivian haemorrhagic fever) has been determined, and used to infer a phylogenetic relationship to other arenaviruses. The relationship of the virus to Junin and Tacaribe viruses, together with previous demonstrations of antigenic similarity and cross-protection by heterologous viruses, suggest that vaccines developed against Argentine haemorrhagic fever might also be effective against the Bolivian disease.
On an algebraic version of Tamano’s theorem

Let X be a non-paracompact subspace of a linearly ordered topological space. We prove, in particular, that if a Hausdorff topological group G contains closed copies of X and a Hausdorff compactification bX of X then G is not normal. The theorem also holds in the class of monotonically normal spaces.
Psychological symptomatology in second generation puerto rican women of three socioeconomic groups

The effects of socioeconomic class on the symptom profile of normal Puerto Rican women were studied. On the basis of previous research, it was expected that both quantitative and qualitative differences would be found in women from different socioeconomic strata. The results supported the hypothesis of quantative differences in that women from lower socioeconomic groups did report a significantly higher number of symptoms. However, qualitatively, the symptom profiles of all groups were similar, contrary to expectations. An additional finding was that qualitative differences did exist when Puerto Rican women were compared to a mainstream Anglo sample. However, those differences were not as distinct as those reported earlier in the literature. These findings are discussed in the context of changes brought about by the process of acculturation.
Quantitative Digital Fluorography

In quantitative densitometry it is essential to understand the statistical and systematic errors which contribute to the difference between the true and observed densities of anatomic structures. To study these we have developed two types of low contrast phantoms: in one type the contrast with the surrounding medium is generated by electron density difference, in the other type the contrast arises from atomic number difference. The resulting densitometric errors in a digital fluorography unit arising from system nonlinearities and drifts, image field distortions, image field intensity nonuniformities, image noise, generated contrast, point response function, beam hardening and subject scattered radiation are presented and discussed.
Optimal Trajectory Generation Using Model Predictive Control for Aerially Towed Cable Systems

This paper studies trajectory generation for a mothership that tows a drogue using a flexible cable. The contributions of this paper include model validation for the towed cable system described by a lumped mass extensible cable using flight data, and optimal trajectory generation for the towed cable system with tension constraints using model predictive control. The optimization problem is formulated using a combination of the squared error and L1-norm objective functions. Different desired circular trajectories of the towed body are used to calculate optimal trajectories for the towing vehicle subject to performance limits and wind disturbances. Trajectory generation for transitions from straight and level flight into an orbit is also presented. The computational efficiency is demonstrated, which is essential for potential real-time applications. This paper gives a framework for specifying an arbitrary flight path for the towed body by optimizing the action of the towing vehicle subject to constraints.
Morphometric consistency with the Hausdorff-Besicovich dimension

Studies using different measurement resolutions on a single morphologic feature may yield vastly different measured values for the perimeter. Apparent internal inconsistencies such as these have greatly impeded the numerical taxonomy, description, and modeling of landforms. Fortunately, the underlying internal consistency of measurements can often be reestablished by introducing the Hausdorff-Besicovich dimension into the analysis. This is demonstrated here by the example of perimeter-area ratio measurements made on some of the complicated ejecta deposits that surround many Martian meteorite-impact craters.
Comparative Analysis of Rotor Position Detection Technology in the SFC Soft Starting of Pump Storage Motor

Static Frequency Converter (SFC) is the key control device of reversible pump storage unit. By inputting a variable frequent current to the corresponding stator windings, the SFC can steadily start the synchronous motor. In this process, rotor position detecting accuracy comes to be the key point, but at the ultra-low speed period, the motors terminal voltage is too low to accurate sampling and is also vulnerable to the interference, which brings risks to the variable frequency starting. In this paper, two initial rotor position detection methods are compared, one is based on the voltage vector, and the other is based on adapt flux observer. At last, a 300MW/15.75kV pump storage unit with a 6 pulses SFC are built on the RTDS platform to exam the control strategy.
Know your Enemy: The Rise and Fall of America's Soviet Experts

Know your Enemy: The Rise and Fall of America's Soviet Experts DAVID C. ENGERMAN, 2009 New York: Oxford University Press 459 pp., $25.95 (paperback) America entered the Cold War woefully unprepared...
Retrospective evaluation of weekly paclitaxel hypersensitivity reactions reported utilizing an electronic medical record system at a tertiary cancer center

This is a retrospective observational study evaluating hypersensitivity reactions captured by an electronic medical record (EMR) system for weekly paclitaxel infusions. The study evaluates the demographics, co-morbidities, premedications, chemotherapy agents, and postmedications of patients reporting a hypersensitivity reaction to weekly infusions of paclitaxel at a major cancer center, from June 2006 to December 2007. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. P values <0.05 were considered significant. There were 51 hypersensitivity reactions in 36 patients during this time period that were documented in the allergy section of the EMR. Reactions occurred in patients with an average age of 55 years (SD = 10.77); 47 (92%) of the reactions occurred in females, and 42 (82%) of the reactions occurred with orders on the breast medical/surgical service. Thirty-two (63%) reactions occurred with either the first or second dose of weekly paclitaxel infusion. The most common premedication was dexamethasone (50 infusions), followed by diphenhydramine (18 infusions), and cimetidine (14 infusions). Thirty-three (65%) infusions had only one premedication. Postreaction, 41 (80%) cases had diphenhydramine and 30 (59%) cases had hydrocortisone administered prior to restarting the infusion. Logistic regression analysis did not indicate any relationship between history of previous allergies, hypertension, coronary disease, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the number of premedications. The results indicate that there is substantial variability in the type and number of premedications utilized in the management of paclitaxel hypersensitivity reactions. Interventions are needed to decrease the rate of hypersensitivity reactions from weekly paclitaxel infusions.
Fabrication of defects in periodic photonic crystals using a phase only spatial light modulator

Here we present single exposure holographic fabrication of embedded defects in photonic crystal structures in a negative photoresist using a spatial light modulator (SLM). A phase pattern is engineered to form a desired interference pattern and displayed on a phase-only SLM. The resulting first order beams at the Fourier plane are used to recreate the interference pattern. Negative and positive defects are added to the photonic crystal in the following ways. A void-type defect is produced in two dimensional photonic crystal structures by replacing the phase of the engineered phase pattern with a constant value at the points where the defect is desired. And a positive bump defect can be made by allowing the zeroth order beam to interfere with the first order beams. Through these methods, it is possible to fabricate arbitrary shaped defect structures in photonic crystals through a single exposure process, thus improving cost effectiveness and simplifying the fabrication process of integrated photonics.
A Compact 118-GHz Radiometer Antenna for the Micro-Sized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite

A linear polarized 118-GHz antenna is designed for a radiometer payload hosted aboard a 3U atmospheric CubeSat. The radiometer antenna is a horn-fed offset parabolic reflector. The antenna has a maximum +37 dBi realized gain, 2.4 ° half-power beamwidth, and a minimum 95% beam efficiency within the operational bandwidth. The antenna is compact, meeting the MicroMAS mission requirement for a highly integrated and ultra-compact radiometer. CubeSats present stringent size/volume and weight constraints on overall component design. We present our design, along with simulated and measured results, that meet the size/volume, weight, and electrical requirements for the radiometer antenna and comply with CubeSat standards.
Bilinear realizability is equivalent to existence of a singular affine differential i/o equation

Abstract For continuous time analytic input/output maps, existence of a singular differential equation relating derivatives of controls and outputs is shown to be equivalent to bilinear realizability. A similar result holds for the problem of immersion into bilinear systems. The proof is very analogous to that of the corresponding, and previously known, result for discrete time.
Evaluating environmental stress cracking thresholds by contact angle measurements

This work probes a hypothesis for predicting a critical stress associated with of environmental stress cracking (ESC). The hypothesis is based on a thermodynamic criterion for localized swelling induced by stress on the polymer. The surface-active liquids chosen for study are oleic acid and dibutyl phthalate and the polymer is polycarbonate (PC). An experimental technique involving contact angle measurements of a sessile drop as a function of stress is used to probe the hypothesis. A new method for measuring contact angle using refraction is also introduced. No significant change in contact angle as function of stress is observed in either system, though the kinetics of craze initiation and inelastic strain at craze initiation do show a shift in response to stress at levels similar to those predicted by the hypothesis.
EPR investigation of transition metal complexes X. Hyperfine coupling constants and linewidth from poorly resolved spectra of titanium complexes

Abstract Comparison with computer simulated spectra is used to determine hyperfine coupling constants and linewidths of poorly resolved EPR spectra of bridged Ti III -Al complexes. The linewidth is found to depend strongly on the bridging atoms.
Heterolytic Fragmentations of Malortyl Tosylates

Abstract Heterolytic fragmentation reactions have figured prominently in several recent multistep syntheses2.,3 As part of an investigation of those reactions in which, at least formally, a stabilized carbanion serves as the electrofugal group2,4 we have examined a number of substituted malonic esters with the aim of effecting the following sequence:
A symmetric domain decomposition formulation of hybrid FEM-BEM coupling for electromagnetic analysis

This paper presents a novel symmetric FEM-BEM formulation for solving unbounded electromagnetic problems. The beauties of the proposed method include: (1) symmetry, (2) modularity, (3) non-conformity between FEM and BEM domains, (4) free of internal resonance, and (5) natural and very effective preconditioning schemes that guarantee spectral radius less or equal to one.
A Numerical Algorithm for Solving Models With Incomplete Markets

We describe an incomplete markets model and outline a numerical solution algorithm to compute its steady- state equilibrium. The model departs from the Arrow- Debreu world of complete contingent claims markets by assuming the presence of borrowing constraints. Solution methods that rely on approximations around some reference point or those that use the Euler equa tions in an interior solution are not suitable for the present model. Rather, we outline a numerical solution algorithm that discretizes the state space and the deci sion space and iterates on a numerical procedure that obtains the decision rules and distributions of agent types for all cohorts in an attempt to find the steady- state equilibrium of the model. The algorithm is imple mented using the Fortran compilers on the Minnesota CRAY X-MP and San Diego CRAY Y-MP/8-864.
Fundamental science of f-elements in selected immobilization glasses: Significance for TRU disposal schemes

The authors have investigated certain aspects of the fundamental chemistry and materials science of the 4f- and 5f-elements in three glass matrices. Two of these matrices were high-temperature (850 and 1,450 C melting points) silicate-based glasses and the third was a sol-gel glass. Optical spectroscopy was the principle investigating tool. A primary aspect of this work was to ascertain the oxidation state exhibited by the elements in the different glasses, as well as the factors that control and/or may alter this state. An important finding has been that the authors have noted a general correlation between the oxidation states obtained in the two high-temperature glasses and their high-temperature oxide chemistries. Of the twenty three f-elements considered here, only a few exceptions (Am and Bk) or variations (Ce, Pr, Tb, U, Cf) to this correlation have been noted. Explanations are offered for these cases. The correlation also applied to the sol-gel glasses after heating to > 400 C, but other oxidation states of certain f-elements could be retained in the unheated glasses prepared by the sol-gel approach. Presented here is a summary of the oxidation states observed for these elements in the three glass matrices and how these states correlate with those observed in their high-temperature oxides.
Medical comorbidities in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic spells (PNES) referred for video-EEG monitoring

Differentiating between psychogenic nonepileptic spells (PNES) and epileptic seizures without video-EEG monitoring is difficult. The presence of specific medical comorbidities may discriminate the two, helping physicians suspect PNES over epilepsy earlier. A retrospective analysis comparing the medical comorbidities of patients with PNES with those of patients with epilepsy was performed in 280 patients diagnosed with either PNES (N = 158, 74.7% females) or epilepsy (N = 122, 46.7% females) in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center over a two-year period. Patients with PNES, compared to those with epilepsy, were mostly female, significantly more likely to have a history of abuse, had more functional somatic syndromes (fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic pain syndrome, tension headaches, and irritable bowel syndrome), and had more medical illnesses that are chronic with intermittent attacks (migraines, asthma, and GERD). The presence of at least of one these disorders may lead physicians to suspect PNES over epilepsy and expedite appropriate referral for video-EEG monitoring for diagnosis.
Control of processes with time delays

The need to control processes with time delays can be found in many aspects of the metallurgical industry from refining to rolling mills. When the time delay becomes long compared with the system time constant, or when the time delay varies, then control of the process becomes difficult using classical control methods. Three controllers are evaluated for their applicability to this problem: the classic proportional-integral (P-I) controller; the Smith linear predictor; and the Clarke-Gawthrop self-tuning controller. Each of the controllers is implemented on an example process which is first-order with a long time delay. All three control strategies are evaluated for their response to step reference changes, step load disturbances, and variations in the process time delay. No one control strategy has the perfect solution, so the advantages and limitations of each strategy are presented and discussed. >
Using hippocampal slices to study how aging alters ion regulation in brain tissue.

Aging alters ion regulation in brain tissue. This article describes methods useful for studying such age-related changes in the rat hippocampal slice preparation. Topics considered include (a) selection of appropriate age groups of rats for aging studies, (b) a description of methods for preparing and maintaining hippocampal slices, (c) measurement of intracellular pH with the H+-sensitive dye carboxy-SNARF-1, and (d) measurement of extracellular pH and K+ with cation-selective microelectrodes.
Use of strain imaging in detecting segmental dysfunction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Abstract Background: The distribution and magnitude of left ventricular hypertrophy are not uniform in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Previous echocardiographic studies have focused on global left ventricular function. Recently, myocardial Doppler strain (ϵ) imaging, a newly developed technique, has allowed the quantification of regional myocardial motion. The aim of this study was to characterize regional left ventricular systolic function by myocardial Doppler ϵ imaging in patients with HCM. Methods: Included in this study were 31 patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy and HCM, and 41 age-matched healthy patients. Regional longitudinal axial systolic ϵ was assessed at the basal, mid, and apical segments of the septal and lateral walls and compared between both groups. Results: Patients with HCM had reduced ϵ at the ventricular septum (−10.3 ± 5.7%) compared with control patients (−19.4 ± 3.3%, P P P P r = 0.81, P Conclusion: Midseptal longitudinal ϵ was markedly decreased, even reversed in patients with HCM (paradoxic longitudinal systolic expansion), which was directly related to the degree of septal hypertrophy. Myocardial Doppler ϵ imaging could offer a unique approach to quantify regional systolic dysfunction in these patients. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003;16:233-9.)
Utility of an Informational Intranetin a Radiology Department

Abstract Rationale and Objectives The authors performed this study to assess the usefulness of the various features of their radiology department intranet and to quantify its effect in facilitating intradepartmental information flow. Materials and Methods The number, length, and nature of visits to each directory on the intranet were recorded by a commercially available intranet analysis software package. Results During the last 6 months of 2001, 89,411 page views (mean, 485 per day) occurred during 26,344 visits to the radiology department intranet. The most commonly accessed features were billing code lists (29% of total views); the intranet home page (27%); faculty telephone and pager numbers (2.6%); digital dictation access codes (1.6%); and magnetic resonance imaging protocols (1.5%). A total of 32,408 files, including daily clinical assignments, monthly fellow and resident schedules, and protocol forms, were downloaded as portable document files by intranet users. Conclusion The intranet has proved an invaluable addition to the authors' departmental infrastructure, as evidenced by its extensive use by the staff. It has facilitated the rapid dissemination of information without hard copy.
Über die spontane Polymerisation des Phenylisocyanids; ein neuer Weg in die Indigo‐Reihe

Bei der spontanen Polymerisation des Phenylisocyanids bei Raumtemperatur entsteht neben Harzen ein blauer Farbstoff, der isoliert und als Indigo-dianil erkannt wurde. Substituierte und homologe aromatische Isocyanide liefern, wenn uberhaupt, nur Spuren analoger Farbstoffe. Der Mechanismus dieser neuen, einfachen Indigo-Synthese wird diskutiert.
High specific activity tritium labelling of some sigma-1 receptor agonists

The high specific activity tritiation of (+)-SKF-10,047 (1) and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4) is described. [N-allyl-3H] (+)-SKF-10,047 (3) was prepared by Lindlar catalyst tritiation of (+)-N-propargylnormetazocine (2) and [N-methyl-3H] N,N-dimethyltryptamine (6) was synthesized by the alkylation of N-methyltryptamine (5) with [3H] methyl iodide. Both sigma-1 synthetic agonist 3 and endogenous agonist 6 have been useful in studying this receptor.
Effects of Upper-Extremity Progressive Resistance Strength Training in Older Adults: The Missing Picture

ABSTRACTAge-related decline in muscle strength affects both upper and lower extremities. This decline is associated with late-life onset of physical disability. Although progressive resistance strength training (PRT) has shown promising results in lower-extremity-related physical function, such as walking speed, little is known about the effect on upper-extremity-related physical function. This study reviewed 28 randomized controlled trials published before 2008. Outcomes of upper-extremity muscle strength, hand-grip strength, eye–hand coordination, and physical function were appraised. It is hard to conclude whether or not upper-extremity PRT is beneficial for upper-extremity-related physical function in older adults because the specific effect of upper extremities was often unmeasured, poorly measured with timed tests, or buried in mixed results of upper and lower extremities. Additional research that focuses on examining the effect of upper-extremity PRT is recommended to support the need for a compreh...
Primary tuberculous liver abscess associated with the human immunoderciency virus

Abstract Extrapulmonary tuberculosis has been noted to occur frequently in patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Tuberculous liver abscesses are rare. Thefollowing case report describes a patientwith Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) antibody who exemplifies this unusual manifestation of mycobacterial infection.
Congenital hernia of cord: an often misdiagnosed entity

Congenital hernia of the cord, also known as umbilical cord hernia, is an often misdiagnosed and under-reported entity, easily confused with a small omphalocele. It is different from postnatally diagnosed umbilical hernias and is believed to arise from persistent physiological mid-gut herniation. Its incidence is estimated to be 1 in 5000. Unlike an omphalocele, it is considered benign and is not linked with chromosomal anomalies. It has been loosely associated with intestinal anomalies, suggesting the need for a complete fetal anatomical ultrasound evaluation. We present a case of a fetal umbilical cord hernia diagnosed in a 28-year-old woman at 21 weeks gestation. The antenatal and intrapartum courses were uncomplicated. It was misdiagnosed postnatally as a small omphalocele, causing unwarranted anxiety in the parents. Increased awareness and knowledge of such an entity among health professionals is important to prevent unwarranted anxiety from misdiagnosis, and inadvertent bowel injury during cord clamping at delivery.
Digital Representations of Human Movement

There are many different approaches to the representation, wlthm a digital computer, of mformatlon describing the movement of the human body. The general Issue of movement representatmn is approached from two points of vmw: notatmn systems designed for recording movement and ammation systems designed for the display of movement. The interpretation of one partmular notation system, Labanotatlon, is examined to extract a set of "primitive movement concepts" which can be used to animate a realistic human body on a graphics display The body is represented computatlonally as a network of specml-purpose processors--one processor situated at each joint of the body--each with an instructmn set demgned around the movement concepts derived from Labanotatlon Movement Is achmved by slmulatmg the behawor of these processors as they interpret their respective programs.
Wet Corn Distillers Grains in Lactating Dairy Cow Rations

Abstract A switchback design experiment with eight cows was used to evaluate wet corn distillers grains (33.9% dry matter) as a feed for lactating cows. All cows were fed corn silage ad libitum and 3.2kg of alfalfa hay daily. Cows on the control diet were fed an 18.6% crude protein concentrate mix of corn, oats, and soybean meal at 1 kg/2.5kg milk produced. Cows on the experimental diet were fed 13.6kg wet distillers grains (34% crude protein, dry) and a 10.9% crude protein concentrate mix of corn and oats at 1 kg/2.5kg milk produced in excess of 11kg milk daily. The reduced amount and reduced protein content of the concentrate mix fed to cows on the experimental ration was to compensate for protein and energy consumed as wet distillers grains. Cows averaged 12 wk postpartum at the start of the experiment, which consisted of three 4-wk periods. Cows fed control and wet distillers grains rations produced 27.0 and 27.6kg of milk daily. No differences in milk fat (3.44 and 3.41%), milk protein (3.09 and 3.10%), or total solids (12.1 and 12.16%) were observed. Total dry matter consumption was similar for control and wet distillers grains rations (20.3 and 20.8kg dry matter/day). Rumen volatile fatty acids, pH, and ammonia were similar for cows fed control and distillers grains rations. Wet distillers grain can be effective in rations for lactating dairy cattle as a protein and energy source.
Rupicolin-A and -B, rupin-A and -B, and cumambrin-B oxide from Artemisia tripartita ssp. Rupicola

Abstract Five new sesquiterpene Iactones have been isolated from Artemisia tripartita Rydb. ssp. rupicola Beetle. The compounds, all guaianolides, are structurally related in what appears to be a sequence in which epoxidation plays the principal role.
Celebrating our diversity: creating an inclusive climate in a US university

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide insight and reflections on the experience of initiating a diversity effort from the perspective of members of a university change team. The process, challenges, and recommendations for institutions that may embark on a formal initiative towards becoming a more inclusive and equitable community are discussed.Design/methodology/approach – The multicultural organizational development (MCOD) model is operationalized at this university. MCOD is a long‐term, complex, organizational change process that aims at reducing oppression that exists in institutions through a fundamental transformation of the culture.Findings – Based on the findings of the assessment, the results indicate that the university climate is trending in a positive direction. However, a gap exists between where the university aspires to be, as a multicultural campus, and the stage it is currently in with respect to four social identity areas: race, gender, religion, and sexual orientation.Practi...
Teaching students about complexity: reflections about an interdisciplinary community service learning studio in East St Louis, Illinois

Teaching students to understand and fully engage various dimensions of dynamic urban complexity requires a pedagogy that imparts a deeper understanding than traditional lecture coursework. This paper presents a comprehensive set of class exercises and an evaluation of student learning related to urban complexity in the context of interdisciplinary service learning studios. Analyzing the processes and products employed in the class, student course reflections and responses from alumni interviews find most students effectively engaged with the dynamic urban complexity of East St. Louis, Illinois. They also reflect on tangible and intangible outcomes for neighborhood residents and lessons learned by the faculty members involved.
Photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence

Optical resonances produced by photonic crystal surfaces can be designed to substantially amplify the electric field excitation of fluorophores while at the same time increasing the collection efficiency of emitted photons. Because PC surfaces can be produced inexpensively over large areas by replica molding, they offer an effective means for increasing sensitivity for broad classes of surface-based fluorescent assays. In this talk, the design and fabrication of photonic crystal surfaces and detection instrumentation for fluorescent enhancement will be described, along with demonstrated applications in gene expression microarrays and protein biomarker microarrays.
Semantic retrieval of events from indoor surveillance video databases

With the existence of ''semantic gap'' between the machine-readable low level features (e.g. visual features in terms of colors and textures) and high level human concepts, it is inherently hard for the machine to automatically identify and retrieve events from videos according to their semantics by merely reading pixels and frames. This paper proposes a human-centered framework for mining and retrieving events and applies it to indoor surveillance video databases. The goal is to locate video sequences containing events of interest to the user of the surveillance video database. This framework starts by tracking objects. Since surveillance videos cannot be easily segmented, the Common Appearance Intervals (CAIs) are used to segment videos, which have the flavor of shots in movies. The video segmentation provides an efficient indexing schema for the retrieval. The trajectories obtained are thus spatiotemporal in nature, based on which features are extracted for the construction of event models. In the retrieval phase, the database user interacts with the machine and provides ''feedbacks'' to the retrieval results. The proposed learning algorithm learns from the spatiotemporal data, the event model as well as the ''feedbacks'' and returns the refined results to the user. Specifically, the learning algorithm is a Coupled Hidden Markov Model (CHMM), which models the interactions of objects in CAIs and recognizes hidden patterns among them. This iterative learning and retrieval process contributes to the bridging of the ''semantic gap'', and the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed framework by demonstrating the increase of retrieval accuracy through iterations and comparing with other methods.