cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of a novel silicone-acrylic drape with negative pressure wound therapy in anatomically challenging wounds.

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) utilises a polyurethane drape with acrylic adhesive over foam dressings to create a seal. In anatomically challenging areas, ancillary products are frequently used. Additionally, health care providers are unable to reposition the drape once placed. A novel hybrid drape consisting of polyurethane film with acrylic adhesive and silicone perforated layer has been developed to allow for repositioning after initial placement and easy removal. This six-patient case series evaluates the use of NPWT with hybrid drape over anatomically challenging wounds. Three males and three females were treated. Dressing changes occurred every 2 to 3 days. Drape application, repositioning, and ability to maintain a seal were evaluated. During application, the drape was repositioned 1 to 2 times without periwound skin irritation in 4/6 wounds. Prior to initial application, ancillary products were applied to help create a seal. However, by the second or third application, ancillary products were no longer used in 4/6 wounds. None of the dressing applications resulted in negative pressure seal leaks. In these patients, health care providers could reposition the hybrid drape after initial placement without periwound skin irritation and successfully create a negative pressure seal without ancillary products in anatomically challenging wound locations.
Go&Grow: An Evaluation of a Pervasive Social Exergame for Caregivers of Loved Ones with Dementia

Caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) experience higher rates of stress, social isolation, and poor mental and physical health compared to non-caregiving populations. There is a vital need for engaging, sustainable, and scalable resources to support social, physical, and emotional wellbeing amongst caregivers of PWD. To explore this open design space, we designed and conducted a 6-week mixed-method evaluation of Go&Grow, a pervasive social exergame in which flowers grow as users increase physical activity and interact with other caregivers of PWD. Our findings showed that using Go&Grow helped participants relieve stress, increase physical activity, and develop empathy for and patience towards the loved one with dementia that they cared for. At the same time, tension arose as some caregivers desired to learn about the life challenges that Go&Grow users faced, while others hesitated to share such content. We discuss our findings and recommendations for future technology that promotes caregivers? time for themselves, understanding of PWD, and connections with other caregivers.
Coronal activity as a consequence of dynamos in astrophysical rotators

We show that the presence of a steady $\ao$ dynamo in astrophysical rotators likely leads to an outflow of relative magnetic helicity and thus magnetic energy available for particle acceleration in a corona. The connection between energy and magnetic helicity arises because the generation of large scale field is linked to a generation of large scale magnetic helicity. In a steady state, the relative magnetic helicity associated with the large scale field can escape, accompanied by an equal and opposite small scale contribution from the field, since the total magnetic helicity in large magnetic Reynolds number flows is conserved. From the helicity flow, a lower limit on the magnetic energy deposited in the corona can be estimated. Steady coronal activity and the dissipation of magnetic energy is therefore a signature of an internal dynamo. Our theoretical estimate of the power delivered by a mean field dynamo is consistent with that inferred from observations to be delivered to the solar corona, the Galactic corona, and Seyfert I AGN coronae.
Mid-Term Survivorship, Performance, and Predictors of Outcome in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty With a Porous Tantalum Femoral Prosthesis.

Abstract Background Femoral stem subsidence is a known cause of early implant failure, increasing the risk for aseptic loosening and periprosthetic fracture. Overall survivorship and subsidence in a novel porous tantalum-coated femoral prosthesis have not been well-studied. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty with a porous tantalum-coated femoral prosthesis between January 2008 and January 2015 with minimum 5-year follow-up were included. Clinical and radiographic data were obtained from hospital and office records. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine predictors of subsidence and clinical outcomes. Kaplan-Meier survivorship curves were performed to illustrate primary failure endpoints of (1) all-cause revision and (2) femoral prosthesis revision. Results A total of 398 patients with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 61.0 ± 11.5 years, body mass index (BMI) 32.8 ± 8.0 kg/m2, and follow-up of 6.9 (range 5.0-11.2 years) were included. Survivorship at 5 years was 94.9% for all-cause revision and 98.0% for femoral component revision. Average subsidence was 1.8 ± 1.3 mm (range 0-15.5), with 8.1% patients experiencing subsidence >5 mm. Statistically significant mean improvements were observed at latest follow-up in the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Replacement (40.6 ± 11.5 vs 85.2 ± 10.1, P 3 mm. BMI was a statistically significant and independent predictor of subsidence >5 mm (OR 1.25, P 7 mm (OR 1.25, P Conclusion The trabecular metal taper femoral prosthesis conferred excellent clinical outcome improvement and survivorship. Increasing BMI was independently associated with an increased risk of subsidence in these patients and caution is recommended in utilizing this implant in obese, morbidly obese, and super morbidly obese populations.
Using Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Data to Assess Likelihood of Incident Long-Term Opioid Use: a Statewide Cohort Study.

Limiting the incidence of opioid-naive patients who transition to long-term opioid use (i.e., continual use for > 90 days) is a key strategy for reducing opioid-related harms. To identify variables constructed from data routinely collected by prescription drug monitoring programs that are associated with opioid-naive patients’ likelihood of transitioning to long-term use after an initial opioid prescription. Statewide cohort study using prescription drug monitoring program data All opioid-naive patients in California (no opioid prescriptions within the prior 2 years) age ≥ 12 years prescribed an initial oral opioid analgesic from 2010 to 2017. Multiple logistic regression models using variables constructed from prescription drug monitoring program data through the day of each patient’s initial opioid prescription, and, alternatively, data available up to 30 and 60 days after the initial prescription were constructed to identify probability of transition to long-term use. Model fit was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (C-statistic). Among 30,569,125 episodes of patients receiving new opioid prescriptions, 1,809,750 (5.9%) resulted in long-term use. Variables with the highest adjusted odds ratios included concurrent benzodiazepine use, ≥ 2 unique prescribers, and receipt of non-pill, non-liquid formulations. C-statistics for the day 0, day 30, and day 60 models were 0.81, 0.88, and 0.94, respectively. Models assessing opioid dose using the number of pills prescribed had greater discriminative capacity than those using milligram morphine equivalents. Data routinely collected by prescription drug monitoring programs can be used to identify patients who are likely to develop long-term use. Guidelines for new opioid prescriptions based on pill counts may be simpler and more clinically useful than guidelines based on days’ supply or milligram morphine equivalents.
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2 inhibitor produces an analgesic effect in a rat model of neuropathic pain by reducing central sensitization in the dorsal horn

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) plays an important role in regulating the production of arachidonic acid and various eicosanoids. The aim of our study was to investigate the analgesic mechanisms of calcium...
Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth to SARS-CoV-2 after one year

Over one year after its inception, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains difficult to control despite the availability of several excellent vaccines. Progress in controlling the pandemic is slowed by the emergence of variants that appear to be more transmissible and more resistant to antibodies 1,2 . Here we report on a cohort of 63 COVID-19-convalescent individuals assessed at 1.3, 6.2 and 12 months after infection, 41% of whom also received mRNA vaccines 3,4 . In the absence of vaccination antibody reactivity to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing activity and the number of RBD-specific memory B cells remain relatively stable from 6 to 12 months. Vaccination increases all components of the humoral response, and as expected, results in serum neutralizing activities against variants of concern that are comparable to or greater than neutralizing activity against the original Wuhan Hu-1 achieved by vaccination of naive individuals 2,5-8 . The mechanism underlying these broad-based responses involves ongoing antibody somatic mutation, memory B cell clonal turnover, and development of monoclonal antibodies that are exceptionally resistant to SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutations, including those found in variants of concern 4,9 . In addition, B cell clones expressing broad and potent antibodies are selectively retained in the repertoire over time and expand dramatically after vaccination. The data suggest that immunity in convalescent individuals will be very long lasting and that convalescent individuals who receive available mRNA vaccines will produce antibodies and memory B cells that should be protective against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Using Statistical Measures and Density Maps Generated From Chest Computed Tomography Scans to Identify and Monitor COVID-19 Cases in Radiation Oncology Rapidly.

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate quantitative and qualitative screening measures for anomalous computed tomography (CT) scans in cancer patients with potential coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as an automated detection tool in a radiation oncology treatment setting. Methods We identified a non-COVID-19 cohort and patients with suspected COVID-19 with chest CT scans from February 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020. Lungs were segmented, and a mean normal Hounsfield Unit (HU) histogram was generated for the non-COVID-19 CT scans; these were used to define thresholds for designating the COVID-19-suspected histograms as normal or abnormal. Statistical measures were computed and compared to the threshold levels, and density maps were generated to examine the difference between lungs with and without COVID-19 qualitatively. Results The non-COVID-19 cohort consisted of 70 patients with 70 CT scans, and the cohort of suspected COVID-19 patients consisted of 59 patients with 80 CT scans. Sixty-two patients were positive for COVID-19. The mean HUs and skewness of the intensity histogram discriminated between COVID-19 positive and negative cases, with an area under the curve of 0.948 for positive and 0.944 for negative cases. Skewness correctly identified 57 of 62 positive cases, whereas mean HUs correctly identified 17 of 18 negative cases. Density maps allowed for visualization of the temporal evolution of COVID-19 disease. Conclusions The statistical measures and density maps evaluated here could be employed in an automated screening algorithm for COVID-19 infection. The accuracy is high enough for a simple and rapid screening tool for early identification of suspected infection in patients treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy already receiving CT scans as part of clinical care. This screening tool could also identify other infections that present critical risks for patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy, such as pneumonitis.
Sequentially Large Cardinals

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses sequentially large cardinals. Large cardinals defined via elementary embeddings are the largest cardinals and the strongest in terms of relative consistency strength. The chapter defines the sequentially large cardinals are defined, a spectrum of large cardinals that are defined via elementary embeddings, in which the reduction of them to the trivial case yields the known cardinals. The process of passing from an axiom to its sequential version normally does not increase the strength of the axiom or the size of a cardinal much. This is especially so when the axiom itself is considerably stronger than the measurability.
(Un)Conventional Wisdom and Presidential Politics: The Myth of Convention Locations and Favorite-Son Vice Presidents

Conventional wisdom pervades presidential politics, and there is no doubt that this will again be true in 2016. First among “old politicians’ tales” is that a political party’s placement of a national convention in a specific state can affect presidential voting there, swinging or flipping it to its presidential candidate. Second, the selection of a vice-presidential candidate as a favorite son (or daughter) will deliver a state’s electoral votes to a presidential ticket. Is either of these pearls of wisdom true? This article tests the truth of both the convention location and favorite-son claims and finds little evidence of their efficacy.
Candidate anti-herpesviral drugs; mechanisms of action and resistance

Research into the molecular biology of herpes replication in recent years has revealed novel targets for drug development (Fig. 68.1). The characterization and functional assay of these targets have been facilitated by advancements in gene expression, protein purification, proteonomics, bioinformatics, and efficient robotic screening technologies. The pipeline for new herpes drugs has been expanding as drug candidates have evolved more rapidly due to improvements in chemical synthesis (i.e., combinatorial and parallel synthesis methods), and with aids for drug design (X-ray crystallography, in silico computer modeling tools, as well as chemoinformatics). Many new herpes inhibitors have been reported, and most of these possess novel modes of actions. Several have entered clinical evaluation, with some later discontinued because of safety issues. This chapter will describe promising drug candidates in early development that appear to act at individual steps of the viral replication cycle, and focus on those that have the most potential for success (Table 68.1).
Prolonged Hormone Secretion from Neuroendocrine Cells of Aplysia is Indepentdent of Extracellular Calcium

The role of Ca2+ from extracellular and intracellular sources in stimulating neurosecretion was investigated in four experiments using neuroendocrine bag cells of the marine mollusk Aplysia. (i) Bag cells were treated with either an extracellular calcium chelator (BAPTA) or Co(2+)-substitution within 30 s after onset of an electrical afterdischarge to prevent influx of Ca2+ from extracellular fluid. These treatments shortened the duration of the afterdischarge, but did not significantly affect the overall pattern or total amount of egg laying hormone (ELH) secretion, suggesting that extracellular Ca2+ is not required for maintenance of ELH release. (ii) Substitution of Ba2+ for Ca2+ has previously been shown to support bag cell afterdischarges that trigger transient elevations in intracellular Ca2+. We showed that this treatment also stimulates ELH secretion, suggesting that Ca2+ release from intracellular stores can stimulate ELH secretion. (iii) To raise intracellular Ca2+ levels in the absence of an afterdischarge, the calcium ionophore X537A was used to transport Ca2+ across plasma and organelle membranes. When this treatment was combined with extracellular calcium chelators so that the only source of Ca2+ was from intracellular compartments, ELH secretion was stimulated. Taken together, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores is sufficient to stimulate ELH secretion.
Basal forebrain lesions in monkeys disrupt attention but not learning and memory

Cognitive impairments in humans and animals have been linked to dysfunction of neurons in the basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS). Degeneration of these cells may be, in part, responsible for some of the cognitive deficits observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although memory deficits are associated with lesions of the BFCS in rats, impairments in memory have been more subtle following similar lesions in monkeys. To evaluate the effects of BFCS lesions on cognitive processes in monkeys, we have systematically investigated the behavioral effects of ibotenic acid injections in the medial septum, nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, and nucleus basalis of Meynert in cynomolgus monkeys, using a large series of cognitive tasks that examined different mnemonic and attentional abilities. These lesions did not impair accuracy in delayed nonmatching-to-sample, delayed response, simple or concurrent visual discriminations, spatial discriminations, or discrimination reversals. However, these lesions disrupted attentional focusing. Similar impairments in attention have been noted in patients with AD. BFCS lesions increased sensitivity to injections of the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine in a delayed nonmatching-to-sample task, indicating that the central cholinergic system was compromised in these monkeys. In concert, the results of this study suggest that the primate basal forebrain may be more involved in attentional than mnemonic processes, and that degeneration of neurons in the BFCS in cases of AD may contribute to the attention deficits observed in these individuals.
Cumulative Risk Assessment for Environmental Hazards

Humans and ecosystems face combined threats from exposures to numerous biological, chemical, physical, and psychosocial stressors in the environment. Cumulative risk assessment is a tool for organizing and analyzing information about combined adverse effects from collective exposure to multiple environmental stressors across all relevant sources, pathways, and routes. The process involves three interrelated phases: planning, scoping, and problem formulation; data analysis; and interpretation and risk characterization. Although in its infancy, cumulative risk assessment promises, over time, to provide decision makers with more realistic answers to pressing environmental questions. Keywords: combined risks; cumulative risks; environmental mixtures; multiple stressors; risk assessment
Bridging the Gaps: How Cross-Disciplinary Training With MBAs Can Improve Professional Education, Prepare Students for Private Practice, and Enhance University Life

What can law schools do to address the criticisms in the Carnegie Foundation's January 2007 report on legal education? That report found that law schools are not teaching students how to be competent lawyers. One particularly promising answer is cross-disciplinary training with MBAs, which leading law schools such as NYU, Stanford, the University of Pennsylvania, and Harvard have embraced in recent years. In this article, I explore the value of such courses, and discuss a cross-disciplinary course that I successfully debuted in the Fall of 2006 at NYU entitled, "Negotiating Complex Transactions with Executives and Lawyers." More generally, I argue that cross-disciplinary courses offer special advantages for students, schools, universities, and employers, and deserve much more emphasis in professional training and higher education.
Mediated Electron Transfer at Vertically Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Electrodes During Detection of DNA Hybridization.

Vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotube (VASWCNT) assemblies are generated on cysteamine and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME)-functionalized gold surfaces through amide bond formation between carboxylic groups generated at the end of acid-shortened single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and amine groups present on the gold surfaces. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging confirms the vertical alignment mode of SWCNT attachment through significant changes in surface roughness compared to bare gold surfaces and the lack of any horizontally aligned SWCNTs present. These SWCNT assemblies are further modified with an amine-terminated single-stranded probe-DNA. Subsequent hybridization of the surface-bound probe-DNA in the presence of complementary strands in solution is followed using impedance measurements in the presence of Fe(CN)6 3−/4− as the redox probe in solution, which show changes in the interfacial electrochemical properties, specifically the charge-transfer resistance, due to hybridization. In addition, hybridization of the probe-DNA is also compared when it is attached directly to the gold surfaces without any intermediary SWCNTs. Contrary to our expectations, impedance measurements show a decrease in charge-transfer resistance with time due to hybridization with 300 nM complementary DNA in solution with the probe-DNA attached to SWCNTs. In contrast, an increase in charge-transfer resistance is observed with time during hybridization when the probe-DNA is attached directly to the gold surfaces. The decrease in charge-transfer resistance during hybridization in the presence of VASWCNTs indicates an enhancement in the electron transfer process of the redox probe at the VASWCNT-modified electrode. The results suggest that VASWCNTs are acting as mediators of electron transfer, which facilitate the charge transfer of the redox probe at the electrode–solution interface.
Circular pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. A novel substrate for studies on intracellular proteolysis.

Abstract Several recent studies indicate that substrates for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis must possess unblocked alpha-amino termini. To examine further the importance of free amino groups for proteolytic susceptibility we selected pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (PTI) as a test substrate. PTI can be circularized to form cPTI, a molecule that lacks alpha-amino groups in the absence of an endoproteolytic cleavage. We compared the breakdown of radioiodinated PTI and cPTI in rabbit reticulocyte lysate and found that cPTI was not stabilized relative to PTI. In addition, proteolysis of PTI or cPTI was not inhibited upon conversion of their lysine residues to homoarginine. However, neither degradation of PTI nor cPTI required ATP, and ubiquitin conjugation to either molecule was minor relative to known substrates of the ubiquitin pathway. Thus, PTI and cPTI are cleaved by an ATP-independent endoprotease(s) that does not require the substrate to be ubiquitinated. Such an activity was identified in low salt fractions obtained upon DEAE chromatography of reticulocyte lysate. The ubiquitin/ATP-dependent protease and another large multisubunit protease, both of which elute from DEAE-Fractogel at higher salt concentrations, do not degrade PTI or cPTI. Although monomeric PTI was rapidly degraded in reticulocyte lysate, cross-linked PTI molecules were stable both in reticulocyte lysate and following introduction into cultured cells using red blood cell-mediated microinjection. Thus, increased rates of turnover do not necessarily correlate with greater molecular mass of the substrate.
An investigation into the management of online teaching and learning spaces: A case study involving graduate research students

This research evaluates the strategies implemented to support the research activities of postgraduate students pursuing online master’s programs in the University of the West Indies Open Campus, as well as the activities of their supervisors. The three main strategies employed were (1) the use of a web-based ‘teaching-learning space’ to facilitate asynchronous interaction between students and their supervisors; (2) the provision of a scheduling tool to facilitate the planning of one-on-one meetings via a synchronous web-conferencing tool; and (3) the organization of research seminars using the same web-conferencing tool. This research used Moore’s theory of transactional distance and social cognitive theoretical framework to guide the project. Moore’s model reemphasizes the need for stronger forms of communicating for online students, whereas the cognitive framework focuses on the need for social interaction among learner and teacher. Participants were graduate students ( n = 34). All participants were required to complete a questionnaire online. Data were also collected from postings in discussion forums. Overall, notwithstanding limitations, the data shows there are benefits to be gained from conducting student research activities in an online environment.
Catchment scale controls the temporal connection of transpiration and diel fluctuations in streamflow

Diel fluctuations can comprise a significant portion of summer discharge in small to medium catchments. The source of these signals and the manner in which they are propagated to stream gauging sites is poorly understood. In this work, we analysed stream discharge from 15 subcatchments in Dry Creek, Idaho, Reynolds Creek, Idaho, and HJ Andrews, Oregon. We identified diel signals in summer low flow, determined the lag between diel signals and evapotranspiration demand and identified seasonal trends in the evolution of the lag at each site. The lag between vegetation water use and streamflow response increases throughout summer at each subcatchment, with the rate of increase as a function of catchment stream length and other catchment characteristics such as geology, vegetation and stream geomorphology. These findings support the hypothesis that variations in stream velocity are the key control on the seasonal evolution of the observed lags. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Gender Politics of Death

Abstract Puccini’s opera La Boheme has been adapted and changed by cinema. The avant-garde short Thriller offers a stringent critique, but elitist status hinders its effectiveness. A popular and postmodern film, Moulin Rouge! supports the patriarchy; thus, it is objectionable. It is the classical narrative, Moonstruck, therefore, that is able to deconstruct the opera and reach a wide audience simultaneously.
Fighting Discrimination with Discrimination: Public Universities and the Rights of Dissenting Students

This article discusses recent legal conflicts between state universities and conservative religious students in the United States, focusing on Christian Legal Society v. Martinez. In recent years, several universities have denied recognition to religious student organizations that discriminate on the basis of religion or sexual orientation. I argue that scholars on both sides of the issue have failed to recognize the full scope of the privilege that the universities demand. If the courts accept the universities' demands, then the courts dangerously expand the government's authority to suppress dissenters. No proponent of civil liberties should welcome this change.
Hyperfragments produced by K− capture in nuclear emulsion: π0 decay modes

This is a systematic study of the π0-decays of light hypernuclei (A⩽5) produced by K− capture in nuclear emulsion. Approximately 3·104 K− stars were examined, yielding a total of 94 l-prong events satisfying the following conbitions:Rc⩾5 µm, 8 µm⩽R0⩽50 µm,θ⩾66°, whereRc is the range of the primary (connecting track),R0 that of the secondary (recoil) andθ the angle between their directions at their point of intersection. Of the 69 events which could be charge (Z) identified, 55 hadZ=1 and 14Z=2. In theZ=1 category the true π0-events could not be separated from 1-prong Σ−-events because of the overwhelming (≳ 90%) contribution of the latter. It is concluded that probably all the 14Z=2 events represent true HeΛ decays (∼ 104HeΛ and ∼ 45HeΛ). In addition, three 2-prong events were consistent with the interpretation as4HeΛ decays. One can define for the π0-decays of4HeΛ the ratio:R′(4HeΛ)=(two-body decays)/(all decays — «unobservable» ones); the «unobservable» ones being π0-neutron-recoil decays with recoil momenta <110 MeV/c and other modes with ⩾1 neutron. A valueR′(4HeΛ)=0.82−.18+.15 is found here. The analogous quantity for4HΛ was computed from the data of ref. (10) and yieldsR′(4HΛ)=0.88−0.06+0.07. These two numbers are equal within their experimental errors. This equality is consistent with the assumption |p_/s_|=|p0/s0| as predicted by the ΔT=1/2 rule. The ratio, ϱ, of two body π0-decays of4HeΛ to the total number of π−-decays of4HeΛ was determined to be 0.7±0.4. Accordingly as the spin of4HeΛ is 0 or 1, ϱ is a measure of the strength either of thes- or of thep-wave channel in the neutral mode of the free Λ decay.
Reflections from EGOS 2012: culture, design and sustainability

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to share a personal perspective on the 28th Annual European Group on Organizational Studies (EGOS) Colloquium held in Helsinki, Finland in July 2012. It explores the author's reflection on his participation in the EGOS Colloquium Subtheme 29 titled “Designing Culturally Sustainable Organizations.”Design/methodology/approach – The author's reflection was based on his participation from a constructionist perspective.Findings – The author argued that participating in EGOS provided critical feedback and additional insights on his research regarding the design of culturally sustainable organizations and how this research may apply in the South Asian context.Originality/value – This paper offers the personal perspective of an American doctoral student and human resources development professional with experience in South Asia on his observations as an attendee of the 28th Annual EGOS Colloquium.
Tribological Performance of Sub-Micron Scale Boric Acid Powder Additives for Extended Duration

In this investigation, the friction and wear performance of sub-micron scale boric acid powder lubricant additives were studied during extended duration pin-on-disk experiments. The sub-micron (600 nm) and micro (4 μm) powder additives were created from 250 micron sized crystals using an 1800D SPEX Mill/Mixer. Lubricant combinations were prepared by homogeneously mixing the additives with canola oil in a vortex generator. Three different boric acid additives were investigated by combining 5.0 wt. % of 4 μm boric acid particles, 5.0 wt % of 600 nm sized boric acid particles, and a 5.0 wt % mixture of the 4 μm (2.5 wt. %) and 600 nm (2.5 wt. %) boric acid particles. A fourth additive, 5.0 wt. % of 0.5 – 5μm MoS2 powder, was also purchased and mixed with the canola oil to form a basis for comparison. It was determined that the oil mixed with a combination of micro and sub-micron scale boric acid powder additives exhibited better frictional performance than the oil mixed with micro or sub-micron boric acid additives.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Cytochrome p450 enzyme polymorphism frequency in indigenous and native american populations: a systematic review.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the evidence on the prevalence of cytochrome P450 enzyme polymorphisms as potential genetic factors influencing drug efficacy and
Acceptability of a modular, community-informed disaster risk reduction training programme in Delmas, Haiti

Abstract Background Haiti experienced an Earthquake that killed 230 000 and injured 300 000 people. National disaster plans were developed; however, little is known about how to translate national policies to the community. The aim of this study was to examine the acceptability of a modular Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) curriculum implemented with community leaders. Methods In 2012, a disaster preparedness community assessment (N=144 households) and key informant interviews were held. In 2013, DRR activities were piloted and outcomes informed curriculum development, which consisted of three content domains: definition of hazards, risks, and vulnerabilities; identification of protective factors and community assets; and development of community engagement strategies to assess, mitigate, and manage environmental threats. Participants were identified during the pilot study as those interested in taking a leadership role. A pre-test and post-test research design was used to assess knowledge acquisition, and questionnaires were administered to determine acceptability of methods. Findings Participants (n=16) showed improved ability in defining disaster terms: hazards (pre-test 0; post-test 11; 68% improvement), disaster (2; 10; 50%), vulnerability (7; 14; 44%), and risk (8; 12; 25%). 81·25% of participants correctly identified community assets; 100% proposed strategies for engaging others in DRR activities. Participants found the training acceptable and beneficial: 93·75% enjoyed training activities; 100% found the topics relevant and useful; and 81·25% felt comfortable sharing activities with others. Interpretation Community-based activities are acceptable methods for developing local capacity to mitigate risk to future hazards and disasters. A modular format supports the ability of the curriculum to be adapted and applied in other communities in Haiti. Funding The Douglass Passaro Global Horizons Scholarship.
African agriculture especially vulnerable to warming climate

Malnourishment across Africa could jump 40% by 2050 due to climate change, according to the Africa Agriculture Status Report 2014 (AASR), released on 2 September. With temperatures predicted to rise 1.5°C–2.5°C by midcentury, African smallholder farms, which are generally run by one family, are more vulnerable than ever, the report finds.
Pathological gambling caused by drugs used to treat Parkinson disease.

Background Pathological gambling is a rare potential complication related to treatment of Parkinson disease (PD). However, the etiology of this behavior is poorly understood. Objective To examine the relationship between medical therapy for PD and pathological gambling. Methods In our routine movement disorders practice (2002-2004), we encountered 11 patients with idiopathic PD who had recently developed pathological gambling. We assessed the relationship to their medical therapy and compared them with cases identified by systematic review of the existing literature on pathological gambling and PD. Results All 11 patients with PD and pathological gambling were taking therapeutic doses of a dopamine agonist; 3 of these patients were not treated with levodopa. In 7 patients, pathological gambling developed within 3 months of starting to take or escalating the dose of the agonist; in the other 4 with a longer latency, gambling resolved after the agonist use was discontinued. Pramipexole dihydrochloride was the agonist in 9 of 11 cases in our series and 10 of 17 in the literature (68% in total). Conclusions Dopamine agonist therapy was associated with potentially reversible pathological gambling, and pramipexole was the medication predominantly implicated. This may relate to disproportionate stimulation of dopamine D 3 receptors, which are primarily localized to the limbic system. Published online July 11, 2005 (doi:10.1001/archneur.62.9.noc50009).
A Twelvth Order Theory of Transverse Bending of Transversely Isotropic Plates

Motivated by the problem of the differences between stress and stress couple concentration factors for transverse bending of plates with small circular holes we use a variational method for the derivation of a twelfth order two-dimensional theory of transversely isotropic plates, which includes the known sixth order theory of sheardeformable plates as a special case via constitutive-coefficient specialization. It is further shown that the twelvth order system may be reduced in a non-obvious way to two simultaneous second order and two simultaneous fourth order Laplace operator equations, with this then making it possible to obtain closed form solutions for polar coordinate boundary value problems. Das Problem des Unterschiedes zwischen Spannungskonzentrations- und Biegemomentkonzentrationsfaktoren fur den Einflus eines kreisformigen Loches auf den Biegungszustand in einer isotropen Platte hat uns motiviert, eine zweidimensionale Plattentheorie von zwolfter Ordnung aufzustellen, in einer solchen Weise, das die bekannte Theorie sechster Ordnung fur schubverformbare Platten als ein Sonderfall, durch Spezialisierung der elastischen Koeffizienten, mit eingeschlossen ist. Es wird weiterhin gezeigt, das das System von zwolfter Ordnung transformiert werden kann in einer nicht selbstverstandlichen Weise, so das nur zwei simultane Gleichungen zweiter Ordnung und zwei simultane Gleichungen vierter Ordnung ubrig bleiben. Das bemerkenswerteste dieser Transformation ist, das ausschlieslich Laplace'sche Operatoren auftreten, so das es dann moglich ist, Randwertprobleme in Polarkoordinaten in geschlossener Form zu losen.
Analysis of the signals of an internal coaxial eddy current converter for the flaw detection of pipes of steam generators

We study the space distribution of the signals of eddy current converters from cracks of different orientation and length. The specific features of this distribution are established. The results obtained can be used for the interpretation of testing data.
A Laboratory Study of Melt Migration

Melt migration experiments have been carried out to investigate the dependence of permeability on melt fraction and on orthopyroxene content for partly molten aggregates of olivine plus basalt and olivine-orthopyroxene plus basalt. Melt migration couples, formed between discs of olivine or olivine with 20 vol % orthopyroxene plus ca . 8 vol % basalt and discs with either ca . 2 vol % or 0 vol % basalt, were heated at 1250 °C and 300 MPa for 6-32 h. The resulting melt migration profiles, which developed in response to capillary forces, were analysed in terms of coupled differential equations describing melt migration via porous flow through a deformable matrix (compaction theory). For the experiments in which melt was initially present in both the source and the sink, the melt migration profiles could be fit equally well with a permeability proportional to the melt fraction to the first, second or third power. For the experiments in which the sink initially was melt-free, a best fit to the melt migration profiles could be obtained with a permeability that is linearly proportional to melt fraction. The melt migration profiles for samples in which the sink disc contained olivine plus 20 vol % orthopyroxene were essentially identical to those for samples in which the sink contained only olivine, even though at least some of the triple junctions in the former samples were not wetted by the melt phase.
How To Make Ohmic Contacts to Organic Semiconductors

The process of charge injection plays an important role in organic semiconductor devices. We review various experimental techniques that allow injection to be separated from other competing processes, and quantify the injection efficiency of a contact. We discuss the dependence of the injection efficiency on parameters such as the energy barrier at the interface, the carrier mobility of the organic semiconductor, its carrier density (doping level), the presence of mobile ions, and the sample geometry. Based on these findings, we outline guidelines for forming ohmic contacts and present examples of contact engineering in organic semiconductor devices.
LEXICO: A System for Lexicographic Processing

LEXICO is an interactive system which assists lexicographers in storing, editing, and concording texts; lemmatizing word lists; and generating slips. A slip is equivalent to a file card and contains a single word from a text, and its lemma, context, and source. From a file of such slips (sometimes running into the millions), plus supportive reference materials and word studies, dictionary editors compile entries for a dictionary. The system, developed originally as a research tool for exploring different approaches to man-machine integration in lexical processing, has now been implemented as a user system at the Madison Academic Computing Center, University of Wisconsin. Recent applications of the system include studies of style in Modern French literature and text processing for the Dictionary of Old English. The present article presents a sampling of the capabilities of LEXICO, with emphasis on interaction techniques and user aids.
Downsizing the Army: Some Policy Implications Affecting the Survivors:

The U.S. army has downsized its forces at the conclusion of every major conflict. The successful completion of the Cold War is no exception. In the past, scant attention was given to the attitudes ...
On the Syntactic Structure of Myth, or the Yukuna Invention of Speech

In one of his most famous articles, Levi-Strauss remarked: "From a theoretical point of view the situation [in the field of mythology] remains very much the same as it was fifty years ago, namely, chaotic. Myths are still interpreted in conflicting ways: as collective dreams, as the outcome of a kind of esthetic play, or as the basis of ritual" (Levi-Strauss 1963a:207). Of course, thirty years after this statement, the field has been completely transformed by structuralism. Yet, I am not sure that "chaos" has been completely cut away. As far as I know, LeviStrauss, and for that matter most scholars, are still hesitant to give any definition of myths (Levi-Strauss 1963a:210); the nature of the mythic imaginary world is still unclear; the characterization of myth as a performing genre or as a linguistic discourse is still pending; and the relationship between myth and ritual is still debated.
Crescent Versus Rectangle: Is It a True Negative Margin in Second and Subsequent Stages of Mohs Surgery?

BACKGROUND The hallmark of Mohs micrographic surgery is using tangential tissue sections that theoretically allow 100% of the tissue margin to be examined, but when taking additional layers for second and subsequent Mohs stages, no detailed methods have been described to ensure that 100% of the tissue margins are analyzed. METHOD A rectangular or a crescent-shaped layer is often used to take second and subsequent stages. Here we compare the two techniques for their theoretic advantages and disadvantages. SUMMARY The advantage of the rectangular shape has been ease of processing, as well as built in vertical "nicks" that automatically mark the border of the tissue removed, but the rectangular layer may not provide 100% evaluation of the tumor margin because the vertical edges of the rectangular layer are not always completely analyzed, and thus tumor cells cannot be visualized in the vertical margins of these layers. This might result in a false-negative margin reading, which can be avoided by using the crescent layer. CONCLUSION We propose taking second and subsequent Mohs layers with only a crescent shape, which allows true 100% tissue margin assessment.
Capitalization of BRT network expansions effects into prices of non-expansion areas

Abstract A before and after hedonic model is used to determine the property value impacts on properties already served by the transit system caused by extensions to Bogota’s bus rapid transit system. Asking prices of residential properties belonging to an intervention area ( N = 1407 before, 1570 after) or a control area ( N = 267 before, 732 after) and offered for sale between 2001 and 2006 are used to determine capitalization of the enhanced regional access provided by the extension. Properties offered during the year the extension was inaugurated and in subsequent years have asking prices that are between 13% and 14% higher than prices for properties in the control area, after adjusting for structural, neighborhood and regional accessibility characteristics of each property. Furthermore, the appreciation is similar for properties within 500 m and properties between 500 m and 1 km of the BRT.
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of somatostatin, corticotropin-releasing hormone and corticotropin in alcoholism

Reduced brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of somatostatin, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and corticotropin (ACTH) have been reported among neuropsychiatric patients with cognitive dysfunction. Alcoholism is a disorder in which associated neuropsychiatric disorders occur. Therefore, we compared CSF levels of somatostatin, CRH and ACTH in alcoholics (n = 100) and normal controls (n = 30). There were no significant differences between the groups in concentrations of the 3 peptides. Moreover, there were no significant correlations between concentrations of the peptides in CSF and computed tomographic measures of the size of brain ventricles. There were, however, significant correlations between CSF concentrations of CRH and ACTH and between CSF concentrations of CRH and somatostatin in both the alcoholic and control groups.
Taking steps to increase the trustworthiness of scientific research

To enjoy the public's trust, the research community must first be clear about what it is expected to do and then avoid the incidents that prevent it from meeting those expectations. Among other things, there are expectations that published scientific results will be reliable, that research has the potential to contribute to the common good, and that research will be conducted ethically. Consequently, the scientific community needs to avoid lapses that prevent it from meeting these three expectations. This requires a strong commitment to trustworthy research practices, as well as mechanisms that diminish lapses that inevitably occur in complex endeavors such as scientific research. The author presents a model to assess the strength of commitment to trustworthy research and explores proven quality assurance mechanisms that can diminish lapses in research injurious to the public's trust. Some mechanisms identify in advance ways that things can go wrong so that steps can be taken to prevent them from going wrong in the first place. Other mechanisms investigate past errors or near misses to discover their causes so that they can be addressed to avoid similar future instances. The author explains why such methods are useful to efforts to promote research worthy of the public's trust.
Application of Accelerometer Data to Mars Global Surveyor Aerobraking Operations

Aerobraking was selected for the Mars Global Surveyor mission as a primary and enabling operation. The application of accelerometer data for determining atmospheric density during operations for the e rst phase of aerobraking isreported.Acceleration was measured alongthebody zaxis, which is theaxisnominally into thee ow. For a 1-s count time, thedata have a resolution of 0.332 mm /s, permitting the recovery of density to 3% at nominal aerobraking altitudes near 115 km and on many orbits, permitting the recovery of density to altitudes as high as 180 km. Accelerometer data were analyzed in near real timeto provideestimates ofdensity at periapsis, maximum density, density scale height, latitudinal gradient information, and longitudinal wave variations. Summaries are givenoftheaerobrakingphaseofthemission,theaccelerometerdata analysismethodsand operationalprocedures, some applications to determining thermospheric properties, and some remaining issues on interpretation of the data. Pree ight estimates of 70% 2 ae natural variability are shown to be realistic, and predictions that dust storms could produce rapid and large increases in thermospheric density have been verie ed.
FAWICK PARK ENVIRONMENTAL REMOVAL PROJECT

ABSTRACT The project site was a small downtown park with many utilities and was bounded by roads on three sides and by the Big Sioux River on another. To remove the contaminants under the riverbank and sediments, a 900-foot temporary reusable damn was placed in the river along the bank. The soils and sediment were removed to bedrock A total of 378,779 gallons of ground and river water were treated and discharged to the city publicly owned treatment works. A total of 56,065 tons of manufactured gas plant (MGP)-impacted soil was removed, staged, and sampled, and properly transported and disposed. During removal, the original contaminated area was found to extend beneath adjacent state highway so this was also excavated. Thirty-seven tons of engineered select fill and 78 tons of ballast stone were used to restore state highway and minimize loading of the bridge abutment. The park excavation was backfilled with 19,494 cubic yards of clean soil materials, of which approximately 8,827 cubic yards was overburden...