cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for stroke: a review of the ECASS III results in relation to prior clinical trials

Background: Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in acute ischemic stroke patients up to 3 h from symptom onset, based primarily on the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke tPA trials published in 1995. The most recent trial published with IV tPA in stroke (European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study [ECASS] III) studied patients between 3 and 4.5 h from symptom onset and found a benefit to treatment in the rate of favorable outcome when compared to placebo, with no difference in mortality. Objectives: To examine the patient selection criteria and primary outcomes in ECASS III as compared to prior clinical trials and the current practice in the United States to determine how these new data could be applied to clinical practice. Discussion: With the exception of the longer time from symptom onset to treatment, ECASS III used more restrictive patient selection criteria than is the current practice in the United States to determine patient eligibility for IV tPA. Conclusions: Based on the combined data from all trials, the benefits of thrombolysis with IV tPA for acute ischemic stroke outweigh the risks of treatment for selected patients up to 4.5 h from symptom onset. It is already known that thrombolysis is not beneficial for all stroke patients and strict criteria should be applied before treatment. As time from symptom onset increases, the need for careful patient selection likely also increases.
Fretting fatigue considerations in holistic structural integrity based design processes (HOLSIP)—A continuing evolution

Abstract Fretting fatigue has become one of the most significantly recognized failure mechanisms in engineering applications of critical components of many joined sub-systems or systems. It is one of the major areas of concern in fixed wing aircraft connections, rotary wing gearboxes, clutches, bearings, bushing, lugs, and engines of all types in the aviation industry. For many years the power generation industry has recognized the importance of fretting fatigue and some major failures have been attributed to fretting fatigue over many years. It has been of concern in many other industries in recent years. As the knowledge on fretting corrosion, fretting wear, and fretting fatigue has expanded it has been recognized as a major source of the failure of engineering components in a myriad of applications. This has led to recent standards for testing and terminology related to fretting fatigue in Japan, the USA/Canada (ASTM), and France.
Unaffected nodulation and nitrogen fixation in carbohydrate pleiotropic mutants ofRhizobium meliloti

Pleiotropic mutants were isolated fromRhizobium meliloti M5N1 with the resistance transposon Tn5. They failed to use carbohydrates as carbon source, but not dicarboxylic acids. Diauxic growth properties of the wild type and uptake assays in both M5N1 and a mutant strain 2.10 showed that the mutant was affected in the active transport of sugars. Exogenous cyclic AMP failed to affect the phenotype of the mutant, and a relatively high frequency of reversion was observed. This suggests that the mutant 2.10 was probably altered in acrp-like gene. However, its symbiotic properties remained unaffected. Thus, symbiosis does not depend on sugar utilization.
Prediction of headache severity (density and functional impact) after traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal multicenter study

Background:Headache (HA) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common, but predictors and time course are not well established, particularly after moderate to severe TBI.Methods:A prospective, ...
Selective Attention from Voluntary Control of Neurons in Prefrontal Cortex

Animals can learn to voluntarily control neuronal activity within various brain areas through operant conditioning, but the relevance of that control to cognitive functions is unknown. We found that rhesus monkeys can control the activity of neurons within the frontal eye field (FEF), an oculomotor area of the prefrontal cortex. However, operantly driven FEF activity was primarily associated with selective visual attention, and not oculomotor preparation. Attentional effects were untrained and were observed both behaviorally and neurophysiologically. Furthermore, selective attention correlated with voluntary, but not spontaneous, fluctuations in FEF activity. Our results reveal a specific association of voluntarily driven neuronal activity with "top-down" attention and suggest a basis for the use of neurofeedback training to treat disorders of attention.
Perceived mate fidelity and paternal resemblance predict men's investment in children

Abstract Here, we investigate whether variation in male parental investment can be explained in terms of (1) men's perception of the degree of resemblance between themselves and their offspring and (2) men's perception of their mates' fidelity. In a sample of men from London's Heathrow airport, both variables were found to predict reported investment. We also examined whether the predictors of investment varied when men were no longer in a relationship with the mother of their children and are therefore no longer investing in mating effort with them. Among men no longer in a relationship with the mother of their children, resemblance became a stronger predictor of investment, while fidelity was no longer a significant predictor. Overall, men provided less investment to their children if they were no longer in a relationship with the mother of their children.
Advances in Diagnostic and Treatment Modalities for Intracranial Tumors

Intracranial neoplasia is a common clinical condition in domestic companion animals, particularly in dogs. Application of advances in standard diagnostic and therapeutic modalities together with a broad interest in the development of novel translational therapeutic strategies in dogs has resulted in clinically relevant improvements in outcome for many canine patients. This review highlights the status of current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to intracranial neoplasia and areas of novel treatment currently in development.
Kinetics of the thermal oxidation of poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) from volatile products using thermogravimetric analysis

Abstract The kinetics of the thermal oxidation of isotactic poly(4-methyl-1-pentane) were studied in the bulk phase using thermogravimetric analysis (t.g.a.) at temperatures from 155° to 185°C and oxygen concentration from 75 to 100% by volume. The kinetics derived from formation of volatile products using t.g.a. correspond to those from non-volatile carbonyl products obtained from infra-red spectrometry.
Theory of laser beam apodization with a graded random phase window

Analysis indicates that graded random phase modulation can be used to apodize a laser beam. In the case of an obscuration or hard edge, it can prevent the formation of Fresnel diffraction ripples. For example, suppose laser radiation of wavelength λ interacts with a central obscuration of halfwidth a followed immediately by a window. If the exit surface of the window is randomly modulated with a Gaussian amplitude transverse correlation length l and a mean square amplitude t2¯(r) that decreases smoothly from a peak height at the obstacle of ~λ2 with a transverse scale length L > a ≫ l, then the Fresnel diffraction ripples normally produced by the obscuration are eliminated. Following the apodizer the laser beam consists of two components. One is widely scattered with mean intensity Īs. The other is essentially tunscattered and apodized with mean intensity &Īa. The scattered light has an angular divergence proportional to λ/l. The apodizer intensity transmission is Ta=exp[-α2t2¯(r)], where α = 2π(n − 1)/λ and n is the window refractive index. Tayloring t2¯(r) can produce desired apodization profiles for hard edges and obscurations. Interference between the scattered and unscattered radiation produces intensity fluctuations on the laser beam that have the characteristics of laser speckle. The magnitude of these fluctuations is greatest near the apodizer and at the edge of the apodized beam. The local intensity probability density of the fluctuations is approximately the modified Rician density. Using this distribution the probability of intensity fluctuations exceeding a given value I/Īa is calculated for several values of r = Īa/Īs. It is found that for high power applications minimization of optical damage requires r ≳ 100. This may be achieved by minimizing the correlation length l of the apodizer surface modulation, spatial filtering the beam, and/or placing optical components a sufficient distance from the apodizer.
Telencephalic and diencephalic origin of radial glial processes in the developing preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus.

Neuronal birth-dating sudies using [3H]thymidine have indicated that neurons in the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (POA/AH) are derived primarily from progenitors in proliferative zones surrounding the third ventricle. Radial glial processes are potential guides for neuronal migration, and their presence and orientation during development may provide further information about the origin of cells in the POA/AH. In addition to determining the orientation of radial glial fibers, we examined the relationship of neurons with identified birth dates to radial glial processes in the developing POA/AH of ferrets. Neuronal birth dates were determined by injecting ferret fetuses with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at several different gestational ages; brains were taken from ferret kits at subsequent prenatal ages. Sections were processed for immunocytochemistry to reveal vimentin or glial fibrillary acidic protein in radial glia, or BrdU-labeled cell nuclei. Numerous radial glial processes extended from the lateral ventricles through ventral portions of the septal region to the pial surface of the POA/AH. These fibers both encapsulated and coursed ventrally through and around the anterior commissure of ferret, rat, and mouse fetuses. These ventrally directed fibers were less evident at older ages. In double-labeled sections from ferrets, BrdU-labeled cells in the dorsal POA/AH were often aligned in the same dorsal-ventral orientation as adjacent radial glial fibers. We suggest that a subset of neurons, originating in telencephalic proliferative zones, migrates ventrally along radial glial guides into the dorsal POA/AH. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Farm and factory: A comparison of the skill requirements for the transfer of technology

Among the disparate ingredients of technical advance in agriculture and industry, labour skill is perhaps the only dimension in which the mechanics of development in these two sectors are comparable. In this paper, the organization of traditional production in the pure subsistence economy is described, and then we consider the changes in organization and skill requirements that occur as development proceeds, first for manufacture and then for agriculture, bringing into focus oft‐cited but usually undefined cultural factors which mould role behaviour of employees. Implicit in the analysis is a three‐fold partitioning of human work performance into specific technical skills, internal organizational activities of control and co‐ordination and activities related to external market transactions.
Rapid site-specific mutagenesis in plasmids

A quick and simple method for introducing site-specific mutations into plasmids is described. The procedure involves restriction-enzyme digestion of the plasmid to give a linear fragment. A second preparation of the same plasmid is digested with other restriction enzymes to remove the targeted mutational region to give a gapped fragment. The linear fragment and the gapped fragment are mixed, then denatured and annealed in the presence of a short, synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide corresponding to the targeted region and containing the desired mutation. The mix is then transformed directly into cells where host enzymes fill single-stranded gaps to make a complete double-stranded, mutant plasmid.
Lessons from Haiti's Internet development

Haiti does not appear to be the most fertile ground for Internet growth. It is a poor nation with a low literacy rate, difficult terrain, and few working telephone lines outside the capital city. Despite these impediments, resourceful entrepreneurs have sought to offer and expand Internet services, and have sometimes explored unconventional technical approaches. Haiti now has four commercial Internet service providers (ISPs), and Internet services are available in five Haitian cities. This paper will provide a brief description of today's Haitian Internet sector. The Haitian experience demonstrates that the shortest path to Internet infrastructure in developing countries may be radically different from the paths taken in wealthier nations. It also shows how policies regarding spectrum management, international telephone service, ISP licensing, and resale can impact Internet growth.
Spinning bubble tensiometry of aqueous dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and lung surfactant dispersions

Abstract A new method for measuring surface tensions of aqueous surfactants under surface compression is used. The method, spinning bubble tensiometry (SBT), is accurate, free from end effects, and precise for tensions as low as 10−4 dyn cm−1. Surface tensions of dispersions of pure synthetic L-α-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and sheep lung surfactant extract have been studied for concentrations from 5 to 2000 ppm and temperatures from 25 to 45°C. Values of superlow surface tensions (less than 10 dyn cm−1) which were reported in the literature for compressed surfaces of DPPC and lung surfactants were accurately determined and found valid with this method. There was no correlation between the surfactant dispersion microstructure and the ability to achieve superlow tensions. However, a minimum particle concentration of the surfactant ( ∼ 0.1 wt%) was required for reproducibly observing superlow tensions.
Biogenic Silica Nanopore Membranes on Micromachined Silicon Substrates

Nanopore membranes are extremely valuable for applications such as molecular filtration, nanoparticle counting, and sizing studies. However, the fabrication of nanopore membranes using top-down silicon microfabrication technology requires using slow serial patterning processes, making it unsuitable for large-scale manufacturing. Marine diatoms on the other hand feature biomineralized silica shells with the smallest pore diameters on the order of 40 nm. Their hierarchical pore architecture makes these nanomembranes exceptionally mechanically stable, while maintaining a short pore length and a high porosity.In our study, we immobilized the biogenic silica nanomembranes on micromachined silicon substrates. These substrates feature micron-sized, through-wafer channels, enabling free fluidic access to the nanopore membrane. The diatom shells were mounted on top of the silicon microstructure using either poly-L-lysine or UV-polymerizable low-stress epoxy. The resulting microsystem allowed easy handling and mounting in a fluidic platform for nanoparticle transport studies.Using fluorescent nanoparticles we were able to verify that particles with a diameter larger than that of the nanopores were completely retained, while smaller particles, such as polystyrene beads or gold nanoparticles did permeate through the membrane. No evidence for leakage around the diatom was observed, indicating a successful seal around the perimeter of the membrane. When the particles passed through the membrane, the temporary blockage resulted in a reduction in ionic current corresponding to the ratio between the bead and pore size. The characteristic electrophoretic mobility of the beads allowed a characterization of nanoparticles of different origin. The large number of nanopores available for particle translocation (>200) makes them ideal size-selective filters with a low probability of clogging. The combination of biomineralized and microfabricated structures shows a pathway for integrating low-cost nanostructures with BioMEMS devices.
Development of Case Statements in Academic Administration: A Proactive Method for Achieving Outcomes

The complex nature of higher education presents academic administrators with unique challenges to communicate vision and strategic direction to a variety of internal and external audiences. The administrator must be prepared to engage in persuasive communication to describe the needs and desired outcomes of the academic unit. This article focuses on the use of the case statement as a communication tool for the nursing academic administrator. The case statement is a form of persuasive communication where a situation or need is presented in the context of the mission, vision, and strategic direction of a group or organization. The aim of the case statement is to enlist support in meeting the identified need. Fundamental assumptions about communicating case statements are described, as well as guidelines for how the academic administrator can prepare themselves for using the case statement method.
Interpretation of natural language in an information system

This paper discusses some of the linguistic problems encountered during the development of the User Specialty Languages (USL) system, an information system that accepts a subset of German or English as input for query, analysis, and updating of data. The system is regarded as a model for portions of natural language that are relevant to interactions with a data base. The model provides insight into the functioning of language and the linguistic behavior of users who must communicate with a machine in order to obtain information. The aim of application independence made it necessary to approach many problems from a different angle than in most comparable systems. Rather than a full treatment of the linguistic capacity of the system, details of phenomena such as time handling, coordination, quantification, and possessive pronouns are presented. The solutions that have been implemented are described, and open questions are pointed out.
Some Generic Representations, W-Graphs, and Duality

Abstract This paper begins by generalising the notion of a "W-graph" to show that the W-graph data determine not one but four closely related representations of the generic Hecke algebra of an arbitrary Coxeter group. Canonical "Kazhdan-Lusztig bases" are then constructed for several families of ideals inside the Hecke algebra of a finite Coxeter system (W, S). In particular for each J ⊆ S we construct the left cell module corresponding to the "top" left cell C J as a submodule of the Hecke algebra and give a precise description of its canonical basis. In the case of the symmetric group it is shown that every irreducible representation arises as a top cell representation. Finally, analogues of the representations considered are discussed for the case of an infinite Coxeter group.
“Towards cultural psychology of religion: principles, approaches, and applications”: an appreciative response to Belzen's invitation

Jacob Belzen's call for a cultural psychology of religion is much appreciated and this comment expresses considerable sympathy for most of his arguments. However, in order to facilitate a broad appreciation of Belzen's book, the focus is upon five areas in which critiques seem most appropriate. These five critiques are offered to engage Belzen in a dialogue concerning what is a significant book that raises important issues for the psychology of religion which has been admittedly blind to the cultural possibilities.
FLEXIBLE BRONCHOSCOPY IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy has allowed researchers to use the bench to bedside approach in the study and therapy of lung diseases. Through bronchoscopy, the lung is a relatively convenient source of samples for the direct evaluation of human gene expression and function. Sampling of respiratory epithelium is performed by brushing with a cytology brush, whereas the epithelial lining fluid and the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar space are obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. Furthermore, bronchoscopy has been a cornerstone essential to gene therapy trials for lung disease.
Intrarenal ghrelin receptors regulate ENaC-dependent sodium reabsorption by a cAMP-dependent pathway

The main distal nephron segment sodium transporters are the distal tubule chlorothiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) and the collecting duct amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (E Na C). The infusion of ghrelin into the renal interstitium stimulates distal nephron–dependent sodium reabsorption in normal rats, but the mechanism is unknown. Here we localize renal ghrelin receptors (GR) to the cortical collecting duct (CCD). Ghrelin significantly increased phosphorylated serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (pSGK 1 ), a major upstream signaling intermediate regulating E Na C. To test whether increased apical membrane αE Na C induced the antinatriuresis, ghrelin was infused in the presence of acute and chronic amiloride, a selective inhibitor of E Na C. In the presence of amiloride, renal interstitial ghrelin failed to reduce urine sodium excretion, suggesting that ghrelin-induced sodium reabsorption is dependent on intact E Na C activity. While the main sodium transporter of the CCD is E Na C, NCC is also present. In response to renal interstitial ghrelin infusion, neither total nor phosphorylated NCC levels are altered. Ghrelin-induced sodium reabsorption persisted in the presence of chlorothiazide (selective inhibitor of NCC), indicating that intact NCC activity is not necessary for ghrelin-induced antinatriuresis. Finally, renal interstitial ghrelin infusion significantly increased interstitial cAMP levels and adenylyl cyclase blockade abolished ghrelin-induced antinatriuresis. Thus, GRs expressed in the CCD regulate sodium reabsorption by cAMP-induced trafficking of E Na C to the apical membrane.
Enantiodrama: Enantiosemia in Arabic and beyond

Words which designate both themselves and their opposites can be found in many languages around the world. For the Arabic grammarians of the eighth and ninth centuries the existence of such a class of words was a concern as it was a potential hindrance to intelligibility and clarity of semantic interpretation. This paper seeks to engage one thread of that tradition, to reposition it in the context of more modern linguistic scholarship, and to expand on it implications for an understanding of language, all the while hopefully dispelling some of the more wanton psychological misconceptions it has engendered.
Sunitinib plus androgen deprivation and radiation therapy for patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer: results from a multi-institutional phase 1 study.

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of administering sunitinib in combination with androgen deprivation therapy and external-beam intensity modulated radiation therapy (XRT) in patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer. Methods and Materials Seventeen men with localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate with cT2c-cT4 or Gleason 8-10 or prostate-specific antigen >20 ng/mL received initial androgen deprivation (leuprolide 22.5 mg every 12 weeks plus oral bicalutamide 50 mg daily) for 4-8 weeks before oral sunitinib 12.5, 25, or 37.5 mg daily for 4 weeks as lead-in, then concurrently with and 4 weeks after XRT (75.6 Gy in 42 fractions to prostate and seminal vesicles). A 3+3 sequential dose-escalation design was used to assess the frequency of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and establish a maximal tolerated dose of sunitinib. Results Sunitinib at 12.5- and 25-mg dose levels was well tolerated. The first 4 patients enrolled at 37.5 mg experienced a DLT during lead-in, and a drug interaction between sunitinib and bicalutamide was suspected. The protocol was revised and concurrent bicalutamide omitted. Of the next 3 patients enrolled at 37.5 mg, 2 of 3 receiving concurrent therapy experienced DLTs during radiation: grade 3 diarrhea and grade 3 proctitis, respectively. Only 1 of 7 patients completed sunitinib at 37.5 mg daily, whereas 3 of 3 patients (25 mg as starting dose) and 3 of 4 patients (25 mg as reduced dose) completed therapy. Conclusions The feasibility of combined vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibitor therapy, androgen deprivation, and radiation therapy for prostate cancer was established. Using a daily dosing regimen with lead-in, concurrent, and post-XRT therapy, the recommended phase 2 dose of sunitinib is 25 mg daily.
A Double-Deletion Mutation in the Pitx3 Gene Causes Arrested Lens Development in Aphakia Mice

The recessive aphakia (ak) mouse mutant is characterized by bilateral microphthalmia due to a failure of lens morphogenesis. We fine-mapped the ak locus to the interval between D19Umi1 and D19Mit9, developed new polymorphic markers, and mapped candidate genes by construction of a BAC contig. The Pitx3 gene, known to be expressed in lens primordia, shows zero recombination with the ak mutation on our intersubspecific intercross panel representing 1170 meioses. A recent report described a deletion in the intergenic region between Gbf1 and Pitx3 as the possible ak mutation. Our results differ in that we find not only the distant intergenic deletion, but also a much larger deletion directly in the Pitx3 gene, eliminating exon 1 and extending into intron 1 and the promoter region. Pitx3 transcript levels are severely reduced in ak/ak mice from E11.5 to newborn (5 ± 1% of the wildtype levels at E13.5), while an involvement of the flanking Gbf1 and Cig30 genes in the aberrant lens development is highly unlikely based on expression analysis. We conclude that the ak mutation consists of two deletions, the larger of which removes part of Pitx3, indicating a crucial role of this gene in early lens development.
Analysis and Simulation of Storm Induced WECS Generation Changes on System Operation

The effects of large rapid changes in generation from large arrays of wind turbine generators on the operation of automatic generation control (AGC) and frequency regulation will be assessed. The theoretical worst case change and rates of change of generation from an array of wind turbines due to passage of a thunderstorm front is given for a coastal farm. Constraints on the penetration of the portion of an echelon and farm that are affected by the front are derived so that power variation rates from a farm satisfying these constraints will not exceed the response rate capability of a typical system. These penetration constraints would eliminate the occurrence of excessive frequency excursions and violations of NAPSIC performance requirements on automatic generation control. The penetration constraints effect on the size of an array and the maximum power variation rates allowed on a particular system are discussed. The effects of simultaneous load and Wind Electric Conversion System (WECS) generation changes on automatic generation control, frequency regulation, and economic dispatch are then determined via simulation. It is shown that the total of load and WECS generation change in a ten minute interval must be less than load following capability for that period or a severe saturation problem occurs. A cycling problem is shown to occur if storm induced WECS generation change will cause frequency deviations that exceed governor deadband.
Isogeometric shell analysis: The Reissner-Mindlin shell

Abstract A Reissner–Mindlin shell formulation based on a degenerated solid is implemented for NURBS-based isogeometric analysis. The performance of the approach is examined on a set of linear elastic and nonlinear elasto-plastic benchmark examples. The analyses were performed with LS-DYNA, an industrial, general-purpose finite element code, for which a user-defined shell element capability was implemented. This new feature, to be reported on in subsequent work, allows for the use of NURBS and other non-standard discretizations in a sophisticated nonlinear analysis framework.
Bevacizumab for glioblastoma: What can we learn from patterns of progression?

Glioblastoma is the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor and has a median survival of only 14.6–16 months.1,2 For patients whose tumors progress after standard radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy, the treatment options are limited. Because glioblastomas are highly vascular tumors, therapies that target angiogenesis have generated substantial interest. In 2009, bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, received accelerated approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of recurrent glioblastomas based on 2 phase II trials showing improved response rates and 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) compared to historical controls.3,4 However, the benefits of bevacizumab are transient, and tumors progress after a median of only 3–5 months.3,4 Once tumors progress on bevacizumab, further treatments are of little or no benefit.5
Knowledge and compliance with medications in South East Asian refugees

We evaluated knowledge about prescribed medications and compliance with taking those medications in 96 South East Asian refugees of different ethnic backgrounds seen in a primary care clinic. Two hundred and thirty (88%) of 262 prescribed medications were currently being taken by the patients. Although 97% of the medications were either named or described correctly, the correct rationale for taking the medication was known for only 79% and the correct dosage regimen for only 63%. Thirty-two (33%) of the 96 patients were not taking one or more of their prescribed medications, 17 (18%) were taking one or more medications not prescribed, 5 (5%) were taking duplicate forms of the same medication, and 4 (4%) were taking a medication that had been discontinued by the clinic provider. Seventy-two (75%) patients were taking one or more medications at an incorrect dose. Only 12 (12%) patients were fully compliant with all prescribed medications. We conclude that knowledge about and compliance with medications is a major problem among South East Asian patients attending a primary care refugee clinic.
Transplantation of the external oblique muscle for abductor paralysis.

1. The abductor limp is not eliminated by transplantation of the external oblique muscle, but it may be lessened. 2. Most patients have reported a substantial increase in their sense of security and an improvement in their gait. 3. Transfer of the insertion of the external oblique muscle to the greater trochanter has reduced fatigue and increased endurance.
News Values and the Vividness of Information.

Cognitive social psychologists have examined the characteristics of information that make it likely to be incorporated into processes of memory, judgment, decision making, and inference. The “vividness” of information is the degree to which it is emotionally engaging, concrete, imagery producing and proximate. Vivid information is most likely to be used in these cognitive processes and also seems to satisfy most requirements for newsworthiness. Journalism practice systematically selects for vivid information, and journalism writing enhances or creates such vividness. It can be argued, however, that vivid information may not be the best information for use in decision making and inference drawing and that overreliance on it can lead to errors of perception and judgment. An example is the colorful but irrelevant personal anecdote. Journalism may select only what is vivid—concrete and personal events, conflict, sensation, and “bad news”—rather than what is truly informative, thereby institutionalizing errors...
Polyaxial Stress-Strain Relations in ATJS Graphite

Theoretical considerations are applied to Jortner's experimental data in order to develop a simple analytical stress-strain relation for ATJS graphite under arbitrary loading conditions. Since the relation proposed correlates well with the entire range of proportional loading encompassed by his data, it is reasonable to expect that the theoretical predictions of strains for stresses that are inaccessible in the laboratory will also be accurate. It is anticipated that, with minor changes hi the values of the theoretical parameters, the stress-strain law will also apply to other transversely isotropic graphites.
Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy, by Lawrence Lessig. New York: Penguin, 2008. 327 pp. $25.95 cloth. ISBN 978-1594201721 (cloth)

Famed Stanford University law professor Lawrence Lessig offers readers a highly provocative book on the state of affairs regarding digital media and its relationship to copyright. His book, Remix: ...
Concurrent Crashing and Overlapping in Product Development

This research addresses two common tools for reducing product development lead times: overlapping of development stages and crashing of development times. For the first time in the product development literature, a formal model addresses both tools concurrently, thus facilitating analysis of the interdependencies between overlapping and crashing. The results exhibit the necessity of addressing overlapping and crashing concurrently, and exhibit general characteristics of optimal overlapping/crashing policies. The impact of different evolution/sensitivity constellations on optimal policies is investigated, and comprehensive guidelines for structuring development processes are provided. For the special case of linear costs, an efficient procedure is presented that generates the efficient time-cost trade-off curves and determines the corresponding optimal overlapping/crashing policies. The impact of key parameters and the robustness regarding their estimates is illustrated with a simple two-stage example.
Control Variate Remedies

Other than common random numbers, control variates is the most promising variance reduction technique in terms of its potential for widespread use: Control variates is applicable in single or multiple response simulation, it does not require altering the simulation run in any way, and any stochastic simulation contains potential control variates. A rich theory of control variates has been developed in recent years. Most of this theory assumes a specific probabilistic structure for the simulation output process, usually joint normality of the response and the control variates. When these assumptions are not satisfied, desirable properties of the estimator, such as unbiasedness, may be lost. A number of remedies for violations of the assumptions have been proposed, including jackknifing and splitting. However, there has been no systematic analytical and empirical evaluation of these remedies. This paper presents such an evaluation, including evaluation of the small-sample statistical properties of the proposed remedies.
PS1-38: Colorectal Cancer Survivors’ Trust in Their Follow-Up Care Physician: The Role of Patient-Physician Communication by Stage of Cancer

Background/AimsTrust in physicians plays an important role in facilitating cancer patients’ adjustment to their illness. However, patient trust has rarely been examined within the context of post-treatment follow-up care. We used data from the Assessment of Patient Experiences of Cancer Care (APECC) study to evaluate predictors of colorectal cancer survivors’ trust in their follow-up cancer care physicians overall and by stage of cancer.MethodsOur analytic sample included colorectal cancer survivors who were 2–5 years post-diagnosis and saw a follow-up care physician in the past year (n = 371). Trust was assessed using a validated 11-item scale and responses were transformed to a 0–100 metric. Hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to examine predictors of trust with socio-demographic, clinical, and follow-up care variables entered in the first model and patient-physician communication variables (i.e., physician knowledge of the patient, information exchange, and physicians’ affective behavior) in the second. Using American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage classification, stratified regressions were conducted to assess differences in predictors of trust by early (0, i, ii) vs. late stage (iii, iv) patients.ResultsThe mean trust score was 83.58 and did not significantly vary by cancer stage. In the main effects model, older age, increased length of patient-physician relationship, better health status, and male physician gender were associated with greater trust (P <0.05 for all). When communication variables were added, physician knowledge (P <0.001), information exchange (P <0.001), and affective behavior (P <0.05) were significantly associated with greater trust. In stratified analyses, physician knowledge (P <0.001) and information exchange (P <0.05) were associated with greater trust among early stage patients and information exchange (P <0.001) and physician affect (P <0.05) were significant predictors of trust among late stage patients.ConclusionsPatient-physician communication plays a central role in facilitating trust between colorectal cancer survivors and their follow-up care physicians. Information exchange was an important dimension of communication for all survivors, but early stage patients valued physician knowledge while late stage patients valued physician affect. Our findings suggest that to build and sustain patient trust, different aspects of communication may need to be emphasized during follow-up care interactions between physicians and survivors diagnosed with early vs. late stage colorectal cancer.
Child Care and Severe Externalizing Behavior in Kindergarten Children

Data from a large representative sample of American kindergarten children were used to examine the relationship between prekindergarten child care arrangements and the frequency of severe externalizing behaviors among these children. Compared to parental care children, there was no increase in relative risk of severe externalizing behaviors for nonrelative and center care children. Head Start and relative care were associated with an increase in the relative risk of behavior problems; however, it appears that the increases in these care settings were the result of selection factors rather than experience in the settings. Public policy implications were discussed.
Stably supported rotations of a planar polygon with two frictionless contacts

Explores the use of stable support in robotic manipulation. Stable support describes any contact configuration which balances a known applied force and is stable with respect to small perturbations in the handled object's pose. Specifically, the authors address the problem of manipulating a planar polygonal object in a fixed gravitational field, stably supported by two frictionless contacts. Representing each contact configuration as a force focus point defined by the intersection of the lines of action of the contact forces, the authors derive geometric regions of permissible force focus points for contacts on each pair of polygon edges. Each permissible force focus point maps to a unique configuration of the object and contacts in stable equilibrium. In turn, paths in the space of permissible force focus points map to real space motions of the contact points which induce quasi-static rotations of the object. The authors also present two graph search based strategies for planning hand-offs between pairs of contacts, thus enabling larger rotations than can be executed by a single contact pair. Finally, the authors describe an implementation of one of these planners.
Using Run-Time Uncertainty to Robustly Schedule Parallel Computation

Increasingly, feedback of measured run-time information is being used in the optimization of computation execution. Because of this, the need for a model relating the static view of a computation to its runtime variance is becoming more important. Recently, we have described such a model which uses the notion of uncertainty to provide bounds on key scheduling parameters of the run-time computation. In this paper, we demonstrate how our model provides a foundation for robust parallel scheduling, i.e., scheduling that optimizes for computation execution in the presence of run-time variance. While this work was inspired by our previous study of uncertainty due to measurement intrusion, the scheduling paradigm presented here represents a broader, more general application of the uncertainty concept.
Improving video browsing with an eye-tracking evaluation of feature-based color bars

This paper explains a method for leveraging the standard video time line widget as an interactive visualization of image features. An eye-tracking experiment is described with results that indicate that such a widget increases task efficiency without increasing complexity while being easily learned by experiment participants .
Economic and Referendum Voting: A Comparison of Gubernatorial and Senatorial Elections

We compare vote choice in senate and gubernatorial elections from 1986 and 1990 with two retrospective voting hypotheses: the national referendum hypothesis and an economic retrospective hypothesis. Despite the similarities between the office of U.S. senator and governor (same constituency, high levels of campaign spending, highly visible candidates, etc.), we find that different types of retrospective evaluations are used with respect to vote choice. As members of the national legislative branch, senators' fortunes are linked to the success or failures of the president. In contrast, governors, as state executives, are held accountable for perceived state economic conditions, while senators escape unscathed from the same general economic evaluations. These findings shed some light on the nature of vote choice in a political system complicated by federalism and separation of powers.
The Power of the Pen: Writing Mentorship and Chicana/o M. A. Students.

This article draws on my experience as an adjunct professor in the Master's program of the Department of Mexican-American Studies at a large public university in California. Seeing my students’ struggles with writing, I conceived of a set of practices of writing mentorship anchored by a series of writing workshops held in Summer 2012. In this article, I document the pedagogy and content of these writing workshops in order to think about the unique struggles and opportunities Chicana/o Master's students face in the writing process and to provide an outline for other instructors interested in developing a practice of writing mentorship.
Detection of liver metastases from adenocarcinoma of the colon and pancreas: comparison of mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced liver MRI and whole-body FDG PET.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to assess the relative performance of mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced liver MRI and whole-body FDG PET for the detection of liver metastases from adenocarcinoma of the colon and pancreas.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Imaging data of 34 patients (23 men, 11 women; age range, 44-78 years) with adenocarcinoma of the colon (n = 27) or adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (n = 7) who had undergone mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced liver MRI and whole-body FDG PET were retrospectively reviewed for the presence and number of liver metastases. Histopathology (n = 25) or follow-up imaging (n = 9) served as the standard of reference. Breath-hold T1-weighted gradient-recalled echo, respiratory-triggered T2-weighted fast spin-echo, and mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced axial fat-saturated high-spatial-resolution (256 × 512) T1-weighted gradient-recalled echo images were obtained on a 1.5-T scanner. FDG PET was performed after the injection of 15-20 mCi (555-740 MBq) of FDG. The sensitivity, p...
The Second Generation: MDIBL in the 1930s

During the latter part of the 1920s and in the 1930s, led by Director William Cole, the MDIBL expanded its facilities on the original Mitchell Tract (Halsey, Hegner, and Lewis Laboratories), began a leasehold policy to provide housing for summer Investigators, and sold lots on Spruce Point (part of the McCagg Tract) to senior Investigators to build cottages. During this period, the second generation of MDIBL Investigators (those who had not been at Harpswell) brought more biomedical interests to the MDIBL to complement the historical interests in development and anatomy. The studies of E.K. Marshall, Homer Smith, and James Shannon on renal structure and function provided the intellectual basis for much of modern nephrology. Smith also provided the basic model for fish osmoregulation that is being investigated at the molecular level today. In the late 1930s, Ulric Dahlgren (who had been instrumental in moving the Harpswell Laboratory to Mt. Desert Island nearly 20 years previously) resurrected a marine biology course, which like most functions of the MDIBL was cut short by the outbreak of WWII.
Safflorite, (Co,Ni,Fe)As2, isomorphous with marcasite

Safflorite, a naturally occurring cobalt-nickel-iron diarsenide (Co,Ni,Fe)As2, possesses the marcasite-type structure, with cations (M = Co + Ni + Fe) at site symmetry 2/m and As anions at m. The MAs6 octa­hedra share two edges, forming chains parallel to c. The chemical formula for safflorite should be expressed as (Co,Ni,Fe)As2, rather than the end-member format CoAs2, as its structure stabilization requires the simultaneous inter­action of the electronic states of Co, Ni, and Fe with As22− dianions.
Sampled Data Robust Control of an Under-Actuated Electromechanical System with Input Delay

This paper focuses on sampled data control of an under-actuated electromechanical system with input delay, subjected to both parametric uncertainty and exogenous disturbances. The system is stabilized by a robust H ∞ controller that stabilizes the closed loop system and attains a specified level of perturbation attenuation for all permissible parametric uncertainty. The proposed H ∞ controller is designed for the orientation control of an under-actuated electromechanical system which is a customized drill machine. The controller is designed on the basis of discrete time equivalent model of the system which is fully actuated and time invariant. The controller performance is evaluated on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations.
Evaluation of Common Fractures of the Hip in the Elderly

Hip fractures in the geriatric population are a common injury encountered in the emergency department. The recommendations for preoperative medical workup and management of these patients have recently been evaluated. Although medical therapies have been designed in an attempt to decrease the rate of these fractures, attempts to medically manage osteoporosis has created a new “atypical” fracture pattern that must be recognized and managed appropriately. The current recommendations for preoperative medical evaluation and management of patients with hip fractures will be reviewed. In addition, the epidemic of new fractures created by long-term bisphosphonate use will be described, and the current recommendations for the management of these fractures detailed.
Coherence Over Time: Understanding Day-to-Day Changes in Students’ Open-Ended Problem Solving Behaviors

Understanding students’ self-regulated learning (SRL) behaviors in open-ended learning environments (OELEs) is an on-going area of research. Whereas OELEs facilitate use of SRL processes, measuring them reliably is difficult. In this paper, we employ coherence analysis, a recently-developed approach to analyzing students’ problem solving behaviors in OELEs, to study how student behaviors change over time as they use an OELE called Betty’s Brain. Results show interesting patterns in students’ day-to-day transitions, and these results can be used to better understand the individual student’s characteristics and the challenges they face when learning in OELEs.