cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Progress, history and promise of ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation for pediatric cancer patients.

Ovarian cryopreservation followed by transplantation is one of the potential ways fertility can be preserved and endocrine function restored in women who are at risk for ovarian failure, early menopause, or loss of fertility. While much of the progress in this area has occurred in the past couple of decades, the concept of transplantation of reproductive organs has been present since the nineteenth century. The first account of ovarian grafting was published in 1863 in a thesis by Paul Bert. Results were disappointing, hence the loss of interest over the next 30 years. In 1895, New York surgeon Robert Morris performed the first human ovarian implant in a woman with ovarian failure who reportedly became pregnant post-implant, though the pregnancy ended in a spontaneous abortion. Further experiments in ovarian grafting resulted in pregnancy in rabbits, dogs, and sheep from 1895 to 1899. However, because of the low success rate and limited clinical applicability of fresh ovary transplantation at that time, interest in this field waned [see review in 1]. The first attempts to cryopreserve ovarian tissue from rodents in the 1950s were largely unsuccessful, with only a 5% follicle survival rate due to several factors, including lack of effective cryoprotectants, automated cryopreservation machines, and optimized cryopreservation protocols [2–4]. By the 1970s, more effective cryoprotectants such as propanediol, ethylene glycol, and DMSO became available [5]. Slow cooling protocols were subsequently developed and successfully applied to ovarian tissue [6,7]. These developments resulted in restoration of fertility in up to 86% of rodents by the 1990s [8–12]. Despite these advances, doubt remained as to the applicability of these methods in humans since the rodent ovary is different from the bulkier, more fibrous human ovary with characteristically widely dispersed primordial follicles. Encouraging findings came in 1994, when Gosden demonstrated that ovarian cortical strips from sheep were able to survive cryopreservation and revascularize upon transplantation [8,13]. This was a significant step forward, as the sheep ovary is more similar to that of humans. By 1999, Baird showed that ovarian function was maintained for a limited though long-term (nearly 2 years) period in autotransplanted sheep [14]. Transplantation of the whole ovary after cryopreservation resulted in even longer-term function of more than 36 months [15]. In 2004, Lee reported the first live birth after heterotopic transplantation of fresh autologous ovarian tissue in the monkey [16]. There is less
Management of acute chest pain syndrome.

The patient presenting with acute onset of chest discomfort is a challenging management cash for the physician. The goal of this article is to provide a logical approach to this potentially life-threatening symptom complex. The differential diagnosis of acute chest pain will initially be presented followed by a description of each disease state, emphasizing both the diagnostic approach and the therapeutic options. This article concentrates primarily on cardiac-oriented chest pain, including current controversies in management. Upon completion of this article, the critical care physician should be able to better evaluate and treat the patient presenting with chest earn.
Repetitive trauma and nerve compression

Repetitive movement of the upper extremity, whether recreational or occupational, may result in various neuropathies, the prototype of which is the median nerve neuropathic in the carpal canal. The pathophysiology of this process is incompletely understood but likely involves both mechanical and ischemic features. Experimentally increased pressures within the carpal canal produced reproducible progressive neuropathy. Changes in vibratory (threshold-type) sensibility appears to be more sensitive than two-point (innervation density-type) sensibility. The specific occupational etiologies of carpal neuropathy are obscured by methodologic and sociological difficulties, but clearly some occupations have high incidences of CTS. History and physical examination are usually sufficient for the diagnosis, but diagnostic assistance when required is available through electrophysiological testing, CT scanning, and possibly MRI. Each of these tests has limitations in both sensitivity and specificity. Treatment by usual conservative means should be combined with rest from possible provocative activities. Surgical release of the carpal canal is helpful in patients failing conservative therapy. Occupational modifications are important in both treatment and prevention of median neuropathy due to repetitive trauma.
Both NK sensitive and resistant mycoplasma free cell lines stimulate release of NKCF.

Studies on the NK lytic mechanism in our laboratory have produced evidence that natural killer cytotoxic factors (NKCF) may be the lytic mediators. Our model for the NK lytic mechanism proposes that after binding of the NK cell to the target, the target stimulates the effector to release NKCF (1,2). In support of this, we have found that effector cell populations enriched for NK cells in either human (3) or mouse (4) produce NKCF during coculture with NK sensitive tumor stimulator cells. The objective of this investigation was to determine if there is any NK specificity at the level of induction of NKCF release. Experiments were also carried out to determine if mycoplasma infection of tumor stimulator cells had any effect on the production of cytotoxic supernatants by murine or rat spleen cells. It was found that both NK sensitive and resistant mycoplasma free cell lines could stimulate release of NKCF. Some mycoplasma infected cell lines could generate cytotoxic supernatants, however, it is not clear whether the lytic activity is due to NKCF or some other agent.
Measurement of the Shared Momentum Fraction $z_g$ using Jet Reconstruction in p+p and Au+Au Collisions with STAR

Abstract One key difference in current energy loss models lies in the treatment of the Altarelli-Parisi, AP, splitting functions. It has been shown that the shared momentum fraction, henceforth called Jet Splitting Function z g as determined by the SoftDrop grooming process can be made a Sudakov-safe measurement of the symmetrized AP functions in p+p collisions. The STAR collaboration presents the first zg measurements at s N N = 200 GeV in p+p and Au+Au collisions, where in Au+Au we use the specific di-jet selection introduced in our previous momentum imbalance measurement. For a jet resolution parameter of R = 0.4 , these di-jet pairs were found to be significantly imbalanced with respect to p+p, yet regained balance when all soft constituents were included. We find that within uncertainties there are no signs of a modified Jet Splitting Function on trigger or recoil side of this di-jet selection.
Transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal carcinoma: Surgical margins and oncologic outcomes.

Background This study presents oncologic outcomes after transoral robotic surgery (TORS) ± adjuvant therapy for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods Three hundred fourteen patients undergoing TORS ± adjuvant therapy for oropharyngeal SCC from May 1, 2007, to May 31, 2015, are analyzed. Results Median follow-up was 3.3 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.8-5.3 years; range 1 day to 9.3 years). Estimated locoregional recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), overall survival (OS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates (95% confidence interval [CI] number still at risk) at 5 years after surgery were 92% (88-95; 92), 90% (86-94; 92), 86% (82-92; 98), and 94% (91-97; 98), respectively. Negative margins were achieved in 98% of cases. The adult comorbidity evaluation (ACE)-27 comorbidity index, human papillomavirus (HPV) status, pathologic N classification, and number of attempts to clear margins were associated with death due to cancer (P = .003, P = .002, P = .030, and P = .002, respectively). Conclusion The need to take ≥2 margins to achieve resection portends an increased risk of locoregional recurrence and death due to disease in oropharyngeal SCC.
Monodelphis brevicaudata (Short-tailed opossum)

Among the metacentric and submetacentric autosomes, one pair has the two arms highly unequal. The sex chromosomes are easy to identify.
Community-Led Total Sanitation: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review of Evidence and Its Quality.

Background: Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) is a widely applied rural behavior change approach for ending open defecation. However, evidence of its impact is unclear. Objectives: We conducted...
A 0.5-to-0.9V, 3-to-16Gb/s, 1.6-to-3.1pJ/b wireline transceiver equalizing 27dB loss at 10Gb/s with clock-domain encoding using integrated pulse-width modulation (iPWM) in 65nm CMOS

Improving the energy efficiency of wireline interconnects has become a necessity to sustain growing data rates. Low-voltage wireline link operation is a promising approach to achieve close to pico-joules/bit energy efficiency [1-3]. However, conventional low-voltage wireline links suffer from two limitations: (a) limited equalization (12dB) or no channel equalization, and (b) low data rates (8Gb/s @0.75V) even with fine process technology nodes [2]. Limited equalization in low-voltage links is due to the fact that conventional equalization (FFE, DFE) is performed on the high-speed data path. As a result, when the supply voltage is reduced (below 0.6V), the bandwidth of the data path is severely diminished, which compromises FFE and DFE operation. Moreover, the requirement to generate and transport narrow clock pulses in conventional low-voltage output drivers limits the maximum achievable data rates [1,3]. In view of these limitations, we propose a new approach to equalize heavy channel loss at low supply voltages by moving the equalizing operation out of the data path and into the clock path. Integrated pulse width modulation (iPWM) has been demonstrated to efficiently equalize heavy channel loss by encoding data transition edges [4]. In this work, we present a modified iPWM encoding, an energy-efficient wireline transceiver with a clock-domain low-voltage iPWM encoder, and a low-voltage multiplexer + output driver architecture, which can operate from 0.5-to-0.9V and 3-to-16Gb/s compensating 27dB channel loss at 10Gb/s with an energy efficiency of 1.8pJ/b. Compared to prior low-voltage links [2], the proposed transceiver can compensate 15dB higher loss at 25% higher data rate (10Gb/s) operating at 13% lower supply voltage (0.65V) while using an older technology node (65nm). Compared to state-of-the-art iPWM-based wireline transceiver operating at nominal supply voltage [4], the proposed transceiver achieves 2.5x lower energy/bit while compensating similar channel loss, and compared to a conventional equalization-based transceiver it compensates 8dB higher loss with similar energy efficiency [5].
Math Intervention For Latino Parents and Kindergarteners Based on Food Routines

Family food routines are important contexts through which children develop math knowledge and skills. The Food For Thought (FFT) program teaches Latino parents strategies to develop their kindergarten children's math abilities during family food routines such as grocery shopping and cooking. We examined whether attendance to FFT was related to children's math outcomes at post-test (right after program completion). Sixty-eight low-income Latino parents and their kindergarten children (M = 71 months) participated in the four-week program taking place in schools. Children's math skills (counting, numeral recognition and cardinal understanding) were assessed at pre- and post-test. The association between parents' attendance to FFT meetings and children′s math outcomes at post-test depended on children's initial levels of math skills (i.e., math skills at pre-test). Children with lower initial math skills whose parents attended more FFT meetings had more advanced math outcomes at post-test, than children with lower initial math skills whose parents attended fewer FFT meetings. The effect size of this interaction was moderate, d = 0.46. Limitations and future directions of this early math intervention targeting Latino families are discussed.
The Moderating Effect of Maladaptive Emotion Regulation Strategies on Reappraisal: A Daily Diary Study

Recent research has investigated how adaptive emotion regulation (ER) strategies and maladaptive ER strategies interact to predict symptoms, but little is known about how specific strategies interact with one another when used in daily life. The present investigation used daily diary data collected over two weeks from an unselected student sample (N = 109) to examine how reappraisal, a putatively adaptive ER strategy, interacts on a given occasion (within-person) and across occasions (between-person) with putatively maladaptive ER strategies (rumination, experiential avoidance, expressive suppression) to predict daily depression and social anxiety symptoms. Results revealed between-person interactions of reappraisal with rumination and experiential avoidance, wherein reappraisal was most negatively related to symptoms for individuals who frequently used rumination and experiential avoidance. There was a similar within-person interaction between reappraisal and expressive suppression. Implications for assessing daily and retrospective ER are discussed, as well as future directions for studying ER in daily life.
Positive aspects of having had cancer: A mixed-methods analysis of responses from the American Cancer Society Study of Cancer Survivors-II (SCS-II).

Purpose This study focused on understanding positive aspects of cancer amongst a large, national sample of survivors, two, five, and ten years' post-cancer diagnosis, who responded to the American Cancer Society Survivors of Cancer-II survey question “Please tell us about any positive aspects of having cancer.” Methods A sequential mixed methods approach examined 1) thematic categories of positive aspects from cancer survivors (n = 5149) and 2) variation in themes by sociodemographics, cancer type, stage of disease, and length of survivorship. Results Themes comprised 21 positive aspects within Thornton's typology of benefits that cancer survivors attribute to their illness: life perspectives, self, and relationships. New themes pertaining to gratitude and medical support during diagnosis and treatment, health-related changes, follow-up/surveillance, and helping others emerged that are not otherwise included in widely used existing benefit finding cancer scales. Gratitude and appreciation for life were the most frequently endorsed themes. Sociodemographics and stage of disease were associated with positive aspect themes. Themes were not associated with survivor cohorts. Conclusions No differences in perceived positive aspects across survivor cohorts suggests that positive aspects of cancer may exist long after diagnosis for many survivors. However, variation across socio-demographics and clinical variables suggests cancer survivors differentially experience positive aspects from their cancer diagnosis. Implications for Cancer Survivors This analysis provides new information about cancer survivors' perceptions of positive aspects from their cancer and factors associated with benefit finding and personal growth. This information can be useful in further refining quality-of-life measures and interventions for cancer survivors.
Crack Formation During Foam Pattern Firing in the Investment Casting Process

The application of rigid polymeric foam for large investment casting patterns with complex geometries can improve the dimensional tolerances and the surface quality of the casting. However, these pattern materials have a tendency to promote crack formation in investment casting shells during pattern removal by firing. Experimental methods were combined with finite element modeling to predict stress in the shell. The model takes into consideration the thermal and mechanical properties of the pattern and the shell materials to determine the heat transfer and thermal expansion stresses developed in the shell during firing. The thermal and mechanical properties of the pattern and shell were obtained from experimental tests. A 3D nonlinear finite element model was developed to predict possible crack formation in the shells during pattern removal. The effects of the thermo-mechanical properties of the foam and the shell, as well as the firing process parameters were modeled, and extreme cases were experimentally validated. Recommendations for firing process parameters and pattern design to decrease stress and eliminate crack formation in the shell were formulated.
Feeding Rates by Protists and Larger Zooplankton

Direct consumption by zoolankton can have appreciable effects upon phytoplankton and bacterioplankton populations. By means of selective grazing, zooplankton can influence the seasonal succession of the phytoplankton [cf., Porter (1977)].
Is Global Warming a State-Corporate Crime?

This chapter argues that global warming can be analyzed as a form of state-corporate crime. It examines how transnational corporations and the nation states of the global North act in concert in ways that cause widespread environmental and social harm. Corporate and state actors in interaction with each other create these harms by (1) denying that global warming is caused by human activity, (2) blocking efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, (3) excluding progressive, ecologically just adaptations to climate change from the political arena, and (4) responding to the social conflicts that arise from climate change by transforming themselves into fortress societies. The chapter concludes by arguing that “green criminologists” need to engage in a “public criminology” that communicates the relationship between state-corporate crimes and environmental degradation to audiences beyond their academic peers.
Reactions of Glycolonitrile with Ammonia and Water: A Free Energy Map

Glycolonitrile, the product of combining CH2O and HCN, is an intermediate in the Strecker reaction leading to the synthesis of the amino acid glycine. However, besides glycine, a plethora of other compounds are also generated when CH2O and HCN react in the presence of ammonia and water. As a starting point to analyze the possible components of this complex mixture, we have employed density functional theory to construct a free energy map of all two-carbon (C2) species that may be present when glycolonitrile participates in addition or elimination reactions with ammonia and water. By identifying thermodynamic sinks and kinetic barriers, we find that the myriad C2 species can be grouped into three broad regions across the free energy landscape. This allows us to trace possible routes to glycine and other molecules of interest in the reaction mixture. The present map also extends our previous work on one-carbon (C1) species. We had previously found one issue with our computational protocol in the C1 map; however, our present C2 map provides a larger data set that supports using an empirical correction to our original protocol for imidic acid to amide transformations, without increasing the computational cost, while retaining the original protocol for other classes of reactions.
Partial replacement of sodium chloride with other chloride salts for the production of black table olives from cv. Gemlik

The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of black table olives made from cv. Gemlik by partially replacing sodium chloride with other salts to reduce NaCl in table olives. Five differen...
Novel Therapies and Approaches to Relapsed/Refractory HL Beyond Chemotherapy

Although Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is highly curable with first-line therapy, relapses occur in approximately 10–20% of patients with early stage disease and 30–40% of patients with advanced stage disease. The standard approach for relapsed or refractory disease is salvage therapy, followed by consolidation with high dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Patients who achieve a complete response to salvage therapy prior to ASCT have better outcomes, thus recent studies have focused on incorporating newer agents in this setting. Major challenges in the management of relapsed patients remain how to choose and sequence the many salvage therapies that are currently available and how to best incorporate novel agents in the current treatment paradigms. In this article, we will summarize the most recent advances in the management of patients with recurrent HL and will mainly focus on the role of new agents approved and under investigation. Aside from brentuximab vedotin and checkpoint inhibitors, other novel agents and therapies are showing promising early results. However, at least with some of the newest targeted strategies, it is important to recognize that we are facing new challenges in terms of toxicities, which require very close monitoring and education of both the patient and treating physician.
Bidding-Based Dynamic Power Pricing Scheme in Smart Grids

The distributed, user-specific, bidirectional communication promised by smart grids allows for novel improvements to the current power grid’s naive power allocation and pricing strategies. We present a modeling framework for a smart microgrid power system which employs a bidding mechanism to distribute power efficiently and intelligently to residential houses, which are in turn modeled as smart homes with smart appliances. We model the power demand within these smart homes using queuing theory. We provide an algorithm that guarantees the houses’ powers (which are a function of the houses’ bids), to converge to the unique game-theoretic optimal power allocation (i.e. Nash equilibrium). We present numerical simulations in several different regimes to highlight the convergence properties.
Dietary Pattern and Risk of Multiple Myeloma in Two Large Prospective US Cohort Studies.

Background The limited data on specific dietary components and risk of multiple myeloma (MM) show no consistent association. Studies have not examined the association of dietary pattern with MM risk. Methods In prospective cohorts of 69 751 women (Nurses' Health Study, 1984-2014) and 47 232 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1986-2014), we examined the association between dietary pattern and risk of MM using Cox proportional hazard models. Diet was assessed repeatedly every 4 years with food frequency questionnaires and was used to calculate dietary patterns including the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010, Alternate Mediterranean Diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, Prudent and Western patterns, the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP), and empirical dietary indices for insulin resistance (EDIR) and hyperinsulinemia (EDIH). Results During 2 792 257 person-years of follow-up, we identified 478 incident MM cases (215 women, 263 men). In men, high EDIP was statistically significantly associated with a 16% increase in MM risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 1.32 per 1-SD increase). Moreover, EDIR and EDIH had a suggestive positive association (EDIR: HR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.96 to 1.24; and EDIH: HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.97 to 1.28 per 1-SD increase). We observed no other associations with MM risk in men and no associations for any dietary pattern with MM risk in women. Conclusions We present the first evidence for a role of diets with higher inflammatory or insulinemic potential in MM development. Further studies are warranted to explore these associations in other populations, including the apparent restriction to men.
Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Foodborne Microbial Pathogens

Next generation sequencing (NGS) has become a central tool for pathogen detection since the introduction of the first NGS platform over a decade ago. NGS has enabled the routine whole genome sequencing (WGS) of bacterial isolates from clinical, suspect contaminated, and environmental samples. Vast databases, replete with invaluable metadata regarding time and geographic location of collection, are rapidly changing the landscape of disease surveillance, detection, and response. Few isolates are exactly alike at the genomic level and the utilization of WGS data for the high-resolution discrimination of differences has made NGS an indispensable technology for the typing and detection of pathogenic microbes. Bulk sequencing of Salmonella enterica isolates, an important and highly prevalent foodborne pathogen, has served as the prototype for how NGS technology and data can be integrated into and inform preventative public health efforts through rapid, accurate linkage between environmental and clinical samples, and alert to practices that may increase the likelihood of an outbreak. The increasing accessibility of NGS platforms to researchers in all fields of biology has led to substantial growth in the depth and diversity of publicly available nucleotide sequence databases. In turn this availability has opened new avenues for the exploration of how widespread important virulence factors are and how they affect pathogenesis. Direct bioinformatics-driven analysis of genome assemblies resulting from WGS studies provide new opportunities to characterize horizontally mobile virulence factors and a range of genomic features, important for understanding pathogenesis for both known and emerging pathogens. Our goals for this chapter are to inform investigators of the basics behind NGS, how data are produced and how they can be utilized to inform the detection and study of pathogen(s) of interest. Further we describe how the investigator can leverage a priori knowledge of that pathogen to influence the experimental design and how to maximize the usefulness of NGS data. In the context of WGS of cultured bacterial isolates, we provide an overview of how NGS platform selection influences the type of sequence data produced. Using two important foodborne bacterial pathogens that have little else in common, Salmonella enterica and Clostridium botulinum, we illustrate the already wide range of detection applications enabled by WGS data and discuss how NGS is revolutionizing disease detection, surveillance, and response.
In situ Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy with Atomic Resolution under Atmospheric Pressure

Significant developments in micro-electrical-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based devices have led to the commercialization of windowed gas cells that now enable atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) observation of phenomena occurring during gas-solid interactions at atmospheric pressure. An in situ atmospheric STEM study provides information that is beneficial to correlating the structure-properties relationship of catalytic nanomaterials, particularly under realistic gaseous reaction conditions. In this article, we illustrate the advantages of this tool as applied to our study of two important systems: (1) the CO-induced Pt nanoparticle surface reconstruction at saturation coverage and (2) the ordering and Pt surface enrichment in supported Pt3Co nanoparticles.
Abstract 1131: CD8 immuno-PET using a fully human mAb can detect increases in tumor-infiltrating T cells by a T cell activating immunotherapy

Detection and quantification of immune cell subsets and changes in the tumor immune microenvironment would be a powerful tool to correlated to response in cancer immunotherapy. Currently, biopsies used to monitor the tumor microenvironment suffer from sampling error, restricted sampling over time and to inaccessible tissues/organs, and do not reflect discordance across tumor lesions of the same patient. Immuno-PET detection of CD8-expressing T cells is a promising translational imaging approach to assess CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) pre- and post-therapy. We have developed a fully human anti-CD8 antibody that was radiolabeled with the positron emitting radionuclide Zirconium-89 (89Zr) using the bifunctional chelator p-SCN-Bn-Desferoxamine (DFO). CD8-genetically humanized immunocompetent mice were used to validate dose dependent targeting of 89Zr-CD8 to lymphoid tissues. Next, two models were developed to monitor the response of the T cell activating bispecific antibody REGN1979 (CD3xCD20). In the first model designed to lack a CD8 antigen sink, Raji lymphoma cells were co-implanted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) in immune deficient NSG mice and treated with REGN1979. Here, 89Zr-CD8 detected a two-fold increase in CD8+ TILs as quantified by flow cytometry compared to control antibody treated mice. To determine if 89Zr-CD8 could detect changes in CD8+ TILs in the presence of increased circulating and splenic T cells, a different model was developed. Raji lymphoma cells were implanted subcutaneously and hPBMCs were implanted intraperitoneally in immune deficient SRG-15 mice (hSIRP KI, Rag2 KO, IL2Rg KO, hIL-15 KI). Due to the humanization of IL-15, T cells from the implanted hPBMCs rapidly expanded and produced a CD8 antigen sink. In the SRG-15 model, total tumor uptake of 89Zr-CD8 was lower and spleen uptake higher than in the NSG model due to the presence of the antigen sink. These SGR-15 mice treated with REGN1979 also demonstrated an increase in CD8+ TILs by flow cytometry that was specifically detected with 89Zr-CD8. This work demonstrates that 89Zr-CD8 can specifically detect CD8+ T cells in lymphoid tissues of CD8 humanized mice and therapy-induced alterations of CD8+ TILs. Importantly, the detection of CD8+ TILs occurs in both the presence and absence of an antigen sink. This work supports the clinical translation of 89Zr-CD8 immuno-PET to investigate its utility for predicting and monitoring response in patients undergoing immunotherapy. Citation Format: Richard Tavare, Makenzie Danton, Jason T. Giurleo, Marcus P. Kelly, Sosina Makonnen, Carlos Hickey, Tomas C. Arnold, Dangshe Ma, William C. Olson, Gavin Thurston, Jessica R. Kirshner. CD8 immuno-PET using a fully human mAb can detect increases in tumor-infiltrating T cells by a T cell activating immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1131.
Considering the Allure and Peril of Nonprofit Social Impact Bond Arrangements

This essay considers Social Impact Bonds not from the point of view of the Investor, or the Government, or the Service Population, but from the vantage point of nonprofit organization officers and directors who contemplate a SIB venture. From this perspective, not all the foreseeable perils have been fleshed out in the academic literature or elsewhere—although perhaps they are fleshed out in the fine print of disclosure statements contained in private agreements among the parties that usually are read closely by lawyers for their nonprofit clients. Still, important elements of these agreements are not salient or even publicly available. What financial, litigation and reputational risks should be faced by a nonprofit organization that is considering entrance into a SIBS agreement? What does the embrace of SIBS say about the larger privatization of social contract? These and related questions are addressed in a presentation that was made to nonprofit law specialists in 2014 at the Annual Conference of the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Associations.
Nano-structured lipid particles for controlled transport of hydrophobic volatile and non-volatile molecules

Abstract Nano-structured lipid particles can be designed for tailored delivery of small molecules. Liquid lipid nanoparticles (LLN) stabilized by lecithin and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) stabilized by sodium caseinate were used to form self-assembled nano-emulsion structures (i.e., colloidosomes) via electrostatic deposition of a solid wall around a liquid reservoir. Particle size and zeta potential were measured at pH 3.5 and 7 to characterize the colloidal dispersions at selected mixing ratios (2:1 to 1:5). The partitioning, kinetic release, and reactivity of non-volatile (4-phenyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-imidazoline-1-oxyl nitroxide; PTMIO) and volatile (limonene) molecules were studied using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectroscopy (APcI-MS), respectively, as a function of pH-change at the 1:3 mixing ratio. Particle size (d32) of LLN (134 nm) and SLN (166 nm) remained unchanged with pH adjustment, and colloidosome particle size (450 nm) was a combination of LLN and SLN particles at pH 3.5. The presence of the solid wall significantly reduced the diffusion rate (ca. 80 %) of PTMIO from the LLN core protecting the compound. APcI-MS measurements showed similar behavior for limonene release to air. These systems can be used for controlled delivery of various active compounds in food and pharmaceutical formulations.
Burying Instability: Post-Soviet Governments' Regulation of Funerals

Why are post-Soviet states disproportionately more active in the regulation of a private life sphere like funerals? Striving to address this question, the study combines quantitative and qualitativ...
Short-term intermittent parathyroid hormone (1–34) administration increased angiogenesis and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in femora of mature and middle-aged C57BL/6 mice

NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? We sought to assess the effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone (1-34) administration on bone angiogenesis, the redistribution of bone marrow blood vessels, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 as a function of advancing age in mice. What is the main finding and its importance? Short-term (i.e. 10 days) intermittent parathyroid hormone (1-34) administration increased the number of small (≤29-µm-diameter) bone marrow blood vessels and augmented matrix metalloproteinase 9. These changes occurred before alterations in trabecular bone. Given the rapid response in bone angiogenesis, this investigation highlights the impact of intermittent parathyroid hormone (1-34) administration on the bone vascular network. ABSTRACT Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration augments bone, stimulates the production of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9) and relocates bone marrow blood vessels closer to osteoid seams. Discrepancies exist, however, regarding bone angiogenesis. Given that Mmp9 participates in cellular homing and migration, it might aid in blood vessel relocation. We examined the influence of short-term intermittent PTH administration on angiogenesis, Mmp9 secretion and the distance between blood vessels and bone. Mature (6- to 8-month-old) and middle-aged (10- to 12-month-old) male and female C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: control (CON), and 5 (5dPTH) and 10 days (10dPTH) of intermittent PTH administration. Mice were given PBS (50 µl day-1 ) or PTH(1-34) (43 µg kg-1 day-1 ). Frontal sections (5 µm thick) of the right distal femoral metaphysis were triple-immunolabelled to identify endothelial cells (anti-CD31), vascular smooth muscle cells (anti-αSMA) and Mmp9 (anti-Mmp9). Vascular density, Mmp9 density, area and localization, and blood vessel distance from bone were analysed. Blood vessels were analysed according to diameter: 1-29, 30-100 and 101-200 µm. Trabecular bone microarchitecture and bone static and dynamic properties were assessed. No main effects of age were observed for any variable. The density of CD31-labelled blood vessels 1-29 and 30-100 µm in diameter was higher (P < 0.05) and tended (P = 0.055) to be higher, respectively, in 10dPTH versus 5dPTH and CON. Mmp9 was augmented (P < 0.05) in 10dPTH versus the other groups. Mmp9 was closer (P < 0.05) to blood vessels 1-29 µm in diameter and furthest (P < 0.05) from bone. In conclusion, bone angiogenesis occurred by day 10 of intermittent PTH administration, coinciding with augmented Mmp9 secretion near the smallest blood vessels (1-29 µm in diameter).
Intracellular O-linked glycosylation directly regulates cardiomyocyte L-type Ca2+ channel activity and excitation-contraction coupling.

Cardiomyocyte L-type Ca2+ channels (Cavs) are targets of signaling pathways that modulate channel activity in response to physiologic stimuli. Cav regulation is typically transient and beneficial but chronic stimulation can become pathologic; therefore, gaining a more complete understanding of Cav regulation is of critical importance. Intracellular O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), which is the result of two enzymes that dynamically add and remove single N-acetylglucosamines to and from intracellular serine/threonine residues (OGT and OGA respectively), has proven to be an increasingly important post-translational modification that contributes to the regulation of many physiologic processes. However, there is currently no known role for O-GlcNAcylation in the direct regulation of Cav activity nor is its contribution to cardiac electrical signaling and EC coupling well understood. Here we aimed to delineate the role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating cardiomyocyte L-type Cav activity and its subsequent effect on EC coupling by utilizing a mouse strain possessing an inducible cardiomyocyte-specific OGT-null-transgene. Ablation of the OGT-gene in adult cardiomyocytes (OGTKO) reduced OGT expression and O-GlcNAcylation by > 90%. Voltage clamp recordings indicated an ~ 40% reduction in OGTKO Cav current (ICa), but with increased efficacy of adrenergic stimulation, and Cav steady-state gating and window current were significantly depolarized. Consistently, OGTKO cardiomyocyte intracellular Ca2+ release and contractility were diminished and demonstrated greater beat-to-beat variability. Additionally, we show that the Cav α1 and β2 subunits are O-GlcNAcylated while α2δ1 is not. Echocardiographic analyses indicated that the reductions in OGTKO cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling and contractility were conserved at the whole-heart level as evidenced by significantly reduced left-ventricular contractility in the absence of hypertrophy. The data indicate, for the first time, that O-GlcNAc signaling is a critical and direct regulator of cardiomyocyte ICa achieved through altered Cav expression, gating, and response to adrenergic stimulation; these mechanisms have significant implications for understanding how EC coupling is regulated in health and disease.
Schema-Based Instruction Implemented under Routine Conditions

Many students identified with a specific learning disability (SLD) experience difficulty with mathematical problem solving. Schema-based instruction (SBI) is identified as a promising practice for ...
An Association-Rules Learning Approach to Unsupervised Classification of Street Networks

Street networks (SN) are intricate connections of roads and intersections; there is an enormous amount of available, open source street network (SN) data, such as the worldwide SN hosted by OpenStreetMaps, a popular source of SNs used in SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) models, including the TAPASCologne project (TAPASCP). These SNs are intricate and high in feature dimension, notable are the edges containing data about road name, number of lanes, speed limit, etc. As a result, SN models that utilize this data are robust and highly-detailed. In this paper, we identify five significant ed ge features (SEF) from exploratory data analysis of the TAPASCP, present an unsupervised methodology of classifying bags of edges though an association rules learning approach to SEF aggregation, and measure the success of our methodology with SUMO simulations.
Psychological inflexibility processes and nonsuicidal self-injury: Concurrent and prospective associations.

Objective The aim of this study was to examine concurrent and 3-month prospective associations between a multidimensional measure of psychological inflexibility and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among participants with a self-harm history. Method Participants completed measures of NSSI, psychological inflexibility, negative urgency, and depression at baseline (N = 106, Mage = 34.70, SD = 9.43, 66% women), and were again assessed at follow-up (N = 86). Results Participants currently engaging in NSSI reported significantly higher psychological inflexibility as compared to those who have ceased NSSI. After controlling for covariates, psychological inflexibility was concurrently associated with NSSI recency and longitudinally predicted perceived likelihood of future NSSI. Psychological inflexibility was not associated with new NSSI acts after including baseline covariates. Finally, psychological inflexibility subscales demonstrated differential relationships with various NSSI functions. Conclusion Results highlight the psychological inflexibility model's utility in understanding NSSI and have implications for future research that may inform clinical practice.
A Guide to Using the Synthetic Control Method to Quantify the Effects of Shocks, Policies, and Shocking Policies:

Governments introduce various policies intending to improve the overall economy or to influence individual behavior. However, estimating the causal impact of these policies is challenging. I descri...
Constructing Cultural Identity Through Weaving Among Ri-Bhoi Women Weavers: A Symbolic Interactionist Approach

With this interpretive study, we sought to understand how weaving as an activity contributed to constructing women handloom weavers’ cultural identity in the region of Ri-Bhoi, a district in Meghalaya, India, by exploring weavers’ experiences through changing tides of modernization in the handloom industry of the region. An ethnographic approach was implemented using participant observation, field notes/journaling, and informal and formal interviews to collect relevant data. Analyses revealed four themes representing the value that Ri-Bhoi women weavers attached to various aspects of their weaving tradition, which in turn, supported their cultural identities:(a) maintaining the tradition of weaving through acquisition and exchange of knowledge, (b) securing social support from family and community, (c) maintaining the tradition of weaving through creation of textiles that symbolize tribe and culture, and (d) achieving a sense of fulfillment (i.e., joy, happiness, and pride). Implications and future research directions are discussed.
The Mediating Effect of Emotions on Trust in the Context of Automated System Usage

Safety-critical systems are often equipped with warning mechanisms to alert users regarding imminent system failures. However, they can suffer from false alarms, and affect users emotions and trust in the system negatively. While providing feedback could be an effective way to calibrate trust under such scenarios, the effects of feedback and warning reliability on users emotions, trust, and compliance behavior is not clear. This paper investigates this by designing a 2 (feedback: present/absent) 2 (warning reliability: high/low) 4 (sessions) mixed design study where participants interacted with a simulated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system to identify and neutralize enemy targets. Results indicated that feedback containing both correctness and affective components decreased users positive emotions and trust in the system, and increased loneliness and hostility (negative) emotions. Emotions were found to mediate the relationship between feedback and trust. Implications of our findings for designing feedback and calibration of trust are discussed in the paper.
Unusual presentation of CREST retinal vasculitis.

Abstract Purpose To report a case of CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasias) syndrome-induced retinal vasculitis in the setting of ocular inflammation soon after recent micropulse cyclophotocoagulation (mTS-CPC). Observations Our patient developed CREST associated retinal vasculitis in both eyes (right > left) eight days after receiving mTS-CPC in her left eye. There was initial concern for sympathetic ophthalmia due to the resulting bilateral inflammation. The patient was treated with prednisone with resolution of her symptoms. Conclusions This is the first case of CREST retinal vasculitis that appears to be directly triggered by inflammation caused by mTS-CPC.
EVALUATION OF PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA UNDERGOING AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL TRANSPLANT

Objective: To identify the prognostic factors in relapsed Hodgkin’s Lymphoma patients with regards to their impact on the outcome of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Center, Lahore, Jun 1999 to Jun 2019. Methodology: Out of a total of 2061 Hodgkin’s Lymphoma patients, 37 (1.8%) patients with relapsed disease underwent autotransplant and were studied using the Hospital Information System. We obtained details of clinicopathological factors, treatment, and outcome. In our study, the outcome variable was event after transplant (relapse/disease progression/death). Results: Among the 37 relapsed Hodgkin’s Lymphoma patients undergoing auto-transplant, 24 (64.9%) patients had an early relapse after first-line chemotherapy. In this early relapse group of 24 patients, 9 (37.5%) remained well after auto-transplant but 15 (62.5%) patients had an event. Out of 37 relapsed Hodgkin’s Lymphoma patients undergoing auto-transplant, a complete response on pre-transplant imaging was observed in 24 (64.9%) patients. In those 24 patients with a complete response on pre-transplant imaging, 16 (66.7%) patients remained well after transplant while 8 (33.3%) patients had a worse event. Twoyear progression-free and overall survival proportions were 56% and 77% respectively. Conclusion: Complete metabolic response on pre-transplant imaging was associated with better overall survival. Adverse factors observed were initial short duration of complete response, bulky disease at relapse, variables comprising international prognostic score, B symptoms, and raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate at relapse.
The effect of notification window length on the epidemiological impact of COVID-19 contact tracing mobile applications

1The reduction in SARS-CoV-2 transmission from contact tracing applications (apps) depends both on the number of contacts notified and on the probability that those contacts quarantine after notification. Referring to the number of days preceding a positive test that contacts are notified as an apps notification window, we use an epidemiological model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission that captures the profile of infection to consider the trade-off between notification window length and active app-usage. We focus on 5-day and 2-day windows, the lengths used by the NHS COVID-19 app in England and Wales before and after 2nd August 2021, respectively. Short windows can be more effective at reducing transmission if they are associated with higher levels of active app usage and adherence to isolation upon notification, demonstrating the importance of understanding adherence to control measures when setting notification windows for COVID-19 apps.