cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do benefits and barriers differ by stage of adoption for colorectal cancer screening

In 2003, over 148 300 people were expected to be diagnosed and 56 000 to die from colorectal cancer (CRC). First-degree relatives (FDRs) of people with colon cancer have a two- to eightfold increased risk for CRC. Despite evidence that screening is effective, adherence with screening recommendations in this at-risk population is low. This study’s purposes were to (1) identify perceived benefits and barriers of fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy, and (2) compare demographic characteristics and perceived benefits and barriers by stage of adoption for CRC screening. Participating FDRs (n 5 257) completed a 40-min structured telephone interview. Despite high rates of agreement with the benefits of screening, most FDRs were not contemplating being screened. Of those 50 and older, most were in precontemplation for FOBT, sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. Older age was related to stage for FOBT and sigmoidoscopy, but not colonoscopy. Lack of provider recommendation also was related to stage. Consistent with theoretical predictions, precontemplators had (1) higher rates of endorsement of specific barriers to screening and (2) lower rates of endorsement of benefits than contemplators or actors. For morbidity and mortality reduction, participation in routine, periodic screening is imperative. These findings can guide development of screening-promoting interventions.
Taking the state out of state—media relations theory: how transnational advocacy networks are changing the press—state dynamic

Much of the political communication scholarship concerning state—media relations concludes that the media are highly dependent on and even subservient to the state. This is particular true during w...
The weathering of engineering thermoplastics

The photostability of four engineering thermoplastics, ARDEL, CYCOLOY, NORYL, and HOVEL, have been examined by mandrel bend tests on extruded channel as well as infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy on thin films. ARDEL D-100 and ROVEL 501 resins were found to have excellent stability to simulated sunlight, while CYCOLOY HHI and NORYL PX 1278 were found to have poor light stability. ARDEL is a polyarylate composed of bisphenol A. terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid condensation units. CYCOLOY is an alloy of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polycarbonate. NORYL is a blend of poly(phenylene oxide) and polystyrene. ROVEL is an olefin-modified styrene-acrylonitrile.
An AVL algorithm for secondary memory

Binary search trees are shown to be practical file structures for magnetic bubble memory. A practical algorithm for maintaining AVL trees in secondary memory is shown. The algorithm is shown to have an efficient design which minimizes the number of accesses to secondary memory. The number of extra accesses is shown to be primarily a function of the traceback path length. The AVL algorithm is shown to be faster than the basic nonbalancing algorithm for almost all practical applications. The savings by the AVL algorithm is shown to increase logarithmically with the tree size, and linearly with the ratio of retrievals to insertions.
A Cross-National Comparison of Permanent Inequality in the United States and Germany

Traditional cross-sectional measures find greater inequality in the United States than in industrialized Western European countries, but are unable to distinguish transitory from permanent inequality. With longitudinal data, we measure cross-sectional inequality during the 1980s using the Shorrocks measure of income stability to find the degree to which single-period measures exaggerate permanent inequality. Surprisingly, given the smaller social welfare system and the less restrictive labor markets in the United States, we find that both single-period inequality and the share of that inequality that persists over time are greater in the United States than in Germany.
Temporal fusion in dynamic linguistic descriptions

Previously, we introduced a method for estimating the linguistic direction of motion of an object in a scene by processing a temporal sequence of linguistic descriptions of its position relative to a stationary object. This method relies on the observation of "regular" descriptions generated through a fuzzy logic system based on the histogram of forces. These descriptions may not exist if the distance between the two objects is too close. In this paper, we use fuzzy sets to generate degrees of activation for the estimated directions of motion. Temporal fusion is applied on these values over a fixed time window using weights calculated from linguistic information on the distance between the objects. The new dynamic linguistic descriptions are determined based on the present as well as the past estimates.
Congruence Between Parents' and Adolescents' Reports of Special Health Care Needs in a Title XXI Program

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine agreement between adolescents and their parents about whether or not the adolescent had a special health care need, using the Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) Screener. Methods Telephone surveys that included the CSHCN Screener were conducted with 522 adolescents and their parents who were new enrollees in Florida's State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). Results Analyses revealed substantial agreement as to whether or not the adolescent had a chronic condition. However, a full 15% of pairs disagreed. Analyses of pair disagreement revealed that parents reported adolescents' chronic conditions more often than adolescents, most strikingly for mental health conditions. Additional analyses revealed that pairs with older adolescents, female adolescents, and Hispanic origin had higher odds of being congruent than their counterparts. Conclusions The results showed higher congruence using the consequence-based CSHCN Screener than is typically reported for diagnosis-based approaches. Despite an impressive rate of agreement, the analyses also highlighted parents' tendency to overreport special health care needs relative to their adolescent, particularly for mental health issues, and illustrated some of the demographic factors that might predict congruence. These findings are relevant to work related to the use of tools such as the CSHCN Screener in profiling enrollees in health care programs that serve children and adolescents.
Möglichkeiten der endoprothetischen Versorgung von Oberarmkopfmehrfragmentfrakturen

Dislozierte 3- und 4-Fragment-Frakturen des Humeruskopfs zeigen nach Osteosynthese haufig ein schlechtes funktionelles Ergebnis. Die primare prothetische Versorgung kann die pratraumatische Anatomie wiederherstellen, sodass eine fruhe funktionelle Behandlung der Schulter moglich ist.Gerade bei alteren Patienten brauchen wir eine sichere Moglichkeit der Versorgung, die eine fruhe Mobilisation und Entlassung nach Hause gewahrleisten. Noch ist jedoch das funktionelle Outcome nach prothetischem Ersatz der Schulter nicht befriedigend,und zwar weitgehend unabhangig vom gewahlten Prothesentyp. Jedoch kann durch den primaren prothetischen Ersatz durch eine “einzeitige” Versorgung ein stabiles, schmerzfreies Gelenk ohne die Gefahr von Revisionseingriffen aufgrund von Implantatversagen, Pseudarthrosenbildung oder Oberarmkopfnekrose geschaffen werden.
A simplified state switching control strategy for survivable variable-speed induction generators

Induction machines are one of the most widely used electric machines in wind power applications. However, the control of an induction generator is complicated if advanced control strategy is employed in order to maximize the performance. Also, the complexity of advanced control strategies and their high demand on hardware and sensors can lower the overall reliability of the generator system and potentially result in system malfunction, leading to unscheduled maintenance and power yield reduction. In this paper, an effective, yet simple and low-cost state switching control technique is proposed and implemented as a backup control strategy in case of control or sensor failure. This state switching control system is only allowed to operate at two different duty cycles of PWM which produces phase voltages with different magnitudes. At the same time, the frequency of the phase voltages is derived from the reference speed. By switching between these two states, precise speed regulation can be achieved. Owing to its simplicity, the control strategy can be implemented on a low cost FPGA or embedded into existing controllers for use as a backup strategy. In addition since it does not require the use of current sensors, it is very suitable for survivable operation. Simulation and experimental results are included to validate our claims.
Synthesis, characterization, and coordination chemistry of several novel electroneutral phosphane ligands

Abstract The reaction of fluorocarbon (Rf) reagents C2F5Li or C2F3Li with diaminochlorophosphanes (R2N)2PCl produced four new phosphane ligands of the type (R2N)2P(Rf). Addition of (Et2N)2PCl to ethereal solutions of C2F5Li or C2F3Li produced (Et2N)2PC2F5 1 and (Et2N)2PC2F3 2; treatment of (C4H4N)2PCl and (C4H8N)2PCl with C2F5Li afforded (C4H4N)2PC2F5 3 and (C4H8N)2PC2F5 4. All ligands were isolated as colorless, high-boiling liquids. Substitution reactions of 1–4 with Mo(CO)6 in a refluxing alkane solvent yielded complexes of the type (L)Mo(CO)5 (L = (Et2N)2PC2F5, 5; (Et2N)2PC2F3 6; (C4H4N)2PC2F5 7 and (C4H8N)2PC2F5 8) as colorless solids in low to moderate (25–62%) yields. Complexes 5, 7 and 8 were structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. A comparison of IR stretching frequencies and X-ray bond length data suggests these ligands approximate the electronic influence of phosphites.
Fluency of consumption imagery and the backfire effects of imagery appeals

Existing research and widespread commercial usage suggest that appeals urging consumers to imagine the product experience have powerful effects on product preferences. Three studies examined the mediating role of imagery accessibility and demonstrated that the difficulty of imagery generation can reverse the generally observed positive effects of imagery appeals. When participants were low in imagery abilities or when the product was not presented in a vivid way, imagery appeals were not only ineffective but even had a negative effect on product preferences. Providing evidence for its subjective nature, this imagery fluency effect was more likely for individuals attuned to their internal experiences.
Non-quasi-static models including all injection levels and DC, AC, and transient emitter crowding in bipolar transistors

Two-dimensional equivalent-circuit models for bipolar junction transistors are systematically derived by solving the continuity equations for DC, AC, and transient excitations. These models take into account carrier propagation delay, all injection levels, as well as exponential doping profiles. They include analytically DC, AC, and transient emitter crowding in a more detailed and accurate manner than previously available. Extensions of the models to accommodate arbitrarily doped and heavily doped quasi-neutral layers and to include energy-gap narrowing due to the electron-hole plasma present at high current density are described. The analysis leads to compact large- and small-signal equivalent-circuit lumped models, suitable for use in circuit simulators such as SPICE. The analytical solutions obtained reveal the two-dimensional distribution of the current and carrier densities in the intrinsic base layer and the onset of emitter crowding. They also provide information for the extraction of the intrinsic base resistance. Several assumptions made in the derivations are assessed by the computer program PISCES. The methods presented apply to both homojunction and heterojunction bipolar transistors. >
Non-Destructive Egg Shell Thickness Measurements Using Ultrasonic Energy

Abstract Non-destructive thickness measurements have been made on Brown Pelican and chicken egg shells using ultrasonic thickness measurement techniques. Excellent agreement with the standard dial gage micrometer method is obtained.
Influence of clinician referral on Nebraska women’s decision-to-abortion time

Abstract Objective To assess the association of clinician referral with decision-to-abortion time. Study design We conducted a cross-sectional survey of women seeking abortion at all three Nebraska abortion clinics. We defined referral as direct (information for an abortion clinic), inappropriate (information for a clinic that does not provide abortions) or no referral. Women reported when they recognized their pregnancy, decided to seek abortion and contacted a clinician. The primary outcome — decision-to-abortion time — was time from certain decision to abortion. We used multivariate linear regression analysis, controlling for potential confounders. Results Participants (n= 356) were a mean of 26.8±5.3 years old, primarily white (62%), unmarried (88%) and urban (87%), with a mean gestational duration of 82/7 weeks (S.D.± 20 days). Forty-six percent (164) had contacted a clinician and 30% (104) had discussed abortion with one before their abortion. Of those, 30% received a direct referral, 6% received an inappropriate referral and 64% received no referral. Decision-to-abortion time did not vary by referral type [mean difference compared with direct referral: inappropriate referral, 1.1 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) − 13.4 to 15.6, p=.88; no referral, − 0.4 days, 95% CI − 7.0 to 6.3]. The most common reasons cited for delay in obtaining an abortion were an inability to get an earlier appointment (105/263, 40%) and time needed to raise money to pay for the abortion (73/263, 28%). Conclusion While neither occurrence of referral nor type was associated with decision-to-abortion times, women in Nebraska continue to face barriers to timely abortion care. Implications Additional research is needed to explore whether quality clinician referral improves abortion access and whether increased resources should be dedicated to improving referral patterns.
The Intention of Consequence

Besides simple apprehension and judgment there is a third operation of reason belonging to the intellective power, not as intellect, but properly as reason. This is discursive reasoning.1 It is described as the motion of the intellect passing from one thing known or considered to another: Ratiocinativa est nostra consideratio quando ab uno considerato in aliud transimus. ... Ratiocinatio autem est quidam motus intellectus transeuntis ab uno in aliud.2 Ratiocinari autem proprie est devenire ex uno in cognitionem alterius.3 Est enim actus rationis quasi quidam motus de uno in alterum perveniens.4
Pricing the Cloud

Current cloud pricing schemes are fairly simple, but what's the future of cloud pricing? Here, the authors discuss the economic issues shaping the cloud marketplace and address the open questions these issues yield. They then explore what the current state of research in economics and computer science has to say about some of these questions and how this relates to the future evolution of cloud pricing.
Current therapeutic role and medicinal potential of Scutellaria barbata in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western research.

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Scutellaria barbata is a common herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) most often used to treat cancer. S. barbata has been found to exhibit efficacy both in vitro and in vivo on a variety of cancer types. Similarly encouraging results have been shown in patients with metastatic breast cancer from Phase Ia and Ib clinical trials. This study aims to elucidate the current use of S. barbata by TCM practitioners and in current Western research. Materials and methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen TCM practitioners in Beijing and Nanjing, China to understand their clinical use of S. barbata. Practitioners were also asked to comment on the future development of TCM using Western research methods and the potential for integration of the two types of medicine in clinical therapy. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare use of S. barbata by disease and in conjunction with other herbs. Results Current Western research related to S. barbata is focused on cancer treatment, which corresponds to the most common use of S. barbata by TCM practitioners. Other common uses that practitioners reported included infection and inflammation, for which Beijing practitioners reported use of S. barbata more often than Nanjing practitioners (p Conclusion Similarities and differences in diagnosis and treatment regimens between TCM practitioners and Western research have the potential to shed light on possible new avenues of research. Additional research may prove beneficial on possible synergistic effects of herbs commonly used with S. barbata, such as Hedyotis diffusa and Lobelia chinensis.
Functional Analysis of the Masticatory Apparatus in Two Species of Myotis

Jaw and skull morphologies were analyzed in two morphologically distinct species of bats, Myotis evotis (substrate gleaner) and Myotis volans (aerial insectivore). Force vector analyses were performed on five major muscle-bone lever systems to compare the relative adductive forces produced at three functional points (the incisors, canines, and protoconids of the lower second molar) during jaw closure. Relative force produced by contraction of a given adductor was approximated using a modified muscle mass value. Seven angles of dentary position were analyzed for changes in mechanical advantage due to changing muscle fiber orientation. Results of the analyses suggest that M. evotis has a more forceful bite than M. volans , but only as the upswinging dentary approaches closure. Moreover, M. evotis has the potential for a quicker jaw closure than M. volans and the ability to produce series of rapid nipping motions. The masticatory apparatus of M. volans appears well suited for capture of insect prey using a wide gape followed by a forceful closure. These results are interpreted in view of available ecological data concerning the foraging behavior of the two species.
Experimental attempt to produce L-E syndrome (arthritis) in swine with hydralazine.

SummaryPigs were given Apresoline in massive dosages over a 4 month period. The attempt to produce the Hydralazine Syndrome in this species of animals was a failure. A suggestion is made that there may be a species specificity in the action of the drug.
Sonographic Evaluation of Budd-Chiari Syndrome With Intracaval Stent:

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) with an intracaval stent is a rare presentation. In most Western patients with BCS, it is predominantly the hepatic veins that are involved, not the inferior vena cava (IVC). In the case presented, the patient had antiphospholipid syndrome with BCS that involved the IVC and required an intracaval stent. Presented with the case study are scanning techniques for BCS and the IVC to help sonographers evaluate the normal and abnormal anatomy and hemodynamics of this system.
Aging and Post-Traumatic Arthritis

Age is an important risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis (OA) including post-traumatic OA. Joint injuries, such as meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament tears, lead to a more rapid onset of OA when they occur in older as compared to younger adults. This is likely due to age-related changes in the cells and matrix that make up joint tissues. Although the majority of studies have focused on aging of the articular cartilage, there is mounting evidence that changes in other joint tissues, including the meniscus and ligaments, also play a role. These changes include loss of cellularity, cell senescence, accumulation of advanced glycation end products, and other cell and matrix changes that alter the biomechanical properties of the tissue and the ability of the resident cells to repair damage. A chronic low-grade proinflammatory state seen with aging, as well as systemic aging changes including sarcopenia and increased fat mass, may also promote the development of post-traumatic OA in older adults. Animal models of post-traumatic OA also exhibit age-related changes that will be useful in deciphering mechanisms that are difficult to study in humans given the long period of time over which OA develops.
Does psychotherapy work with school-aged youth? A meta-analytic examination of moderator variables that influence therapeutic outcomes

The present study is a quantitative synthesis of the available literature to investigate the efficacy of psychotherapy for children's mental health outcomes. In particular, this study focuses on potential moderating variables-study design, treatment, client, and therapist characteristics-that may influence therapeutic outcomes for youth but have not been thoroughly accounted for in prior meta-analytic studies. An electronic search of relevant databases resulted in 190 unpublished and published studies that met criteria for inclusion in the analysis. Effect sizes differed by study design. Pre-post-test designs resulted in absolute magnitudes of treatment effects ranging from |-0.02| to |-0.76| while treatment versus control group comparison designs resulted in absolute magnitudes of treatment effects ranging from |-0.14| to |-2.39|. Changes in youth outcomes larger than 20% were found, irrespective of study design, for outcomes focused on psychosomatization (29% reduction), school attendance (25% increase), and stress (48% reduction). The magnitude of changes after psychotherapy ranged from 6% (externalizing problems) to 48% (stress). Several moderator variables significantly influenced psychotherapy treatment effect sizes, including frequency and length of treatment as well as treatment format. However, results did not support the superiority of a single type of intervention for most outcomes. Implications for therapy with school-aged youth and future research are discussed.Copyright © 2016 Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Language: en
Survey on Heavy Metal Pollution of Seafood in Beihai

Objective To understand the status of heavy metal contamination in seafood in Beihai city,evaluate the risk of food safety.Methods The marine fish,molluscs and crustaceans in large sales,totally 113 samples from 18 species in 3 categories were collected for detection,based on national food hygiene standards,and evaluated with bio-mass index.Results The three heavy metals in seafood with the lowest pass rate of cadmium(54.0%) and some samples contained excessive lead,while the pass rate of mercury was 100%,the difference was statistically significant(P0.01).Heavy metal pollution in molluscs was most serious,in which 83.3% reached severe cadmium pollution levels,55.6% reached mild lead pollution level,16.7% reached lead pollution and severe lead pollution level;followed by crustaceans,in which 45.7% reached severe level of cadmium pollution,slightly above the level of lead pollution accounted for 28.3%,the differences were statistically significant(P0.01).The pollution of marine fish was relatively small,77.4% of lead pollution and 64.5% of cadmium pollution were in normal background values.Conclusion Heavy metals in molluscs is in greatest risk,particularly the risk of cadmium,which is a kind of large seafood pollution hazards,should be taken enough attention.In-depth research on pollution control should be carried out,and necessary supervision should be strengthened,while excessive consumption of these foods is not advisable.
Molecular epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) virus

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major etiologic causative agent of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis with its attendant risks of hepatocellular carcinoma. Efforts to isolate the virus by standard immunologic and virologic techniques were unsuccessful and HCV was finally identified by direct cloning and sequencing of its genome. Although the virus was identified 15 years ago, its pathogenesis and replication are not fully understood. Progress in the molecular biology of HCV was achieved by expressing viral recombinant proteins in culture cells and utilizing recombination DNA techniques. An important feature of HCV is that the viral genomes display extensive genetic heterogeneity at the local as well as the global level. Within a host, the HCV genome population circulates as a 'quasi-species' of closely related sequences. Worldwide, a high degree of genetic variation exists resulting in at least six major genotypes of more distantly related subtypes. It has been reported, that the prevalence of each subtype varies in different geographical areas and that virus pathogenicity and sensitivity to interferon treatment, appear to vary with different subtypes.
Corporations brought to you by NASCAR: rhetorical identification through sponsorship

This study approaches corporate sponsorship of sport as identification rhetoric to further understand the relationship created between consumers and corporate sponsors. The focus is on the corporate sponsorship of the NASCAR (National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing) Sprint Cup Series, examining how sponsorship messages utilise identification tactics. The study finds that messages rhetorically create identification through common ground and unifying symbol strategies between the sponsor and sponsored activity, and between the sponsor and consumer.
Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing for Identification of Globally Distributed Clonal Groups and Differentiation of Outbreak Strains of Listeria monocytogenes

Many listeriosis outbreaks are caused by a few globally distributed clonal groups, designated clonal complexes or epidemic clones, of Listeria monocytogenes, several of which have been defined by classic multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes targeting 6 to 8 housekeeping or virulence genes. We have developed and evaluated core genome MLST (cgMLST) schemes and applied them to isolates from multiple clonal groups, including those associated with 39 listeriosis outbreaks. The cgMLST clusters were congruent with MLST-defined clonal groups, which had various degrees of diversity at the whole-genome level. Notably, cgMLST could distinguish among outbreak strains and epidemiologically unrelated strains of the same clonal group, which could not be achieved using classic MLST schemes. The precise selection of cgMLST gene targets may not be critical for the general identification of clonal groups and outbreak strains. cgMLST analyses further identified outbreak strains, including those associated with recent outbreaks linked to contaminated French-style cheese, Hispanic-style cheese, stone fruit, caramel apple, ice cream, and packaged leafy green salad, as belonging to major clonal groups. We further developed lineage-specific cgMLST schemes, which can include accessory genes when core genomes do not possess sufficient diversity, and this provided additional resolution over species-specific cgMLST. Analyses of isolates from different common-source listeriosis outbreaks revealed various degrees of diversity, indicating that the numbers of allelic differences should always be combined with cgMLST clustering and epidemiological evidence to define a listeriosis outbreak. IMPORTANCE Classic multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes targeting internal fragments of 6 to 8 genes that define clonal complexes or epidemic clones have been widely employed to study L. monocytogenes biodiversity and its relation to pathogenicity potential and epidemiology. We demonstrated that core genome MLST schemes can be used for the simultaneous identification of clonal groups and the differentiation of individual outbreak strains and epidemiologically unrelated strains of the same clonal group. We further developed lineage-specific cgMLST schemes that targeted more genomic regions than the species-specific cgMLST schemes. Our data revealed the genome-level diversity of clonal groups defined by classic MLST schemes. Our identification of U.S. and international outbreaks caused by major clonal groups can contribute to further understanding of the global epidemiology of L. monocytogenes.
Theorizing Norm Translation: Women’s Rights as Transnational Practice

This chapter lays out the theoretical framework for the book’s leading question—that is, how far does the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) reach? It brings together two debates: international relations (IR) literature on the relevance and repercussions of international norms, in particular as they pertain to gender relations, and interdisciplinary literature on transnationalization processes with a focus on contextualized human and women’s rights activism. Together, these two strands of literature enable a “stretched” transnational view on the resonance of international norms. Two dynamics are particularly relevant for the empirical analysis of CEDAW: global discourse translation (the translation of norms into global discourses and instruments) and impact translation (different ways of dealing with international norms in domestic contexts). Both dynamics entail constant norm interpretation and are principally unfinished processes.
Broca’s aphasia, psychodynamics, and changes in “mental apparatus”: A commentary on “Revisiting the left convexity hypothesis: Changes in the mental apparatus after left dorso-medial prefrontal damage” by Salas & Yuen

In the context of psychoanalytic psychotherapy with a patient with a vascular lesion involving the left dorsal and medial prefrontal cortex, Salas and Yuen describe changes in the patient’s subjective experiences when sitting quietly as well as when attempting to solve different tasks. They propose that the patient’s subjective reports reveal changes in “mental apparatus” not previously considered in the early work of Kaplan-Solms and Solms [2000. Clinical studies in neuro-psychoanalysis: Introduction to a depth neuropsychology. London: Karnac Books] when describing psychotherapeutic work with a patient who was described as having Broca’s aphasia. Historically, there has been debate over how different forms of aphasia might influence intellectual functioning. Presently, there is compelling evidence that lesions involving frontal and prefrontal cortex can alter neuropsychological functioning in numerous domains. It appears likely, therefore, that a left prefrontal stroke would negatively alter “ego” functi...
Countee Cullen's CHRIST RECRUCIFIED

Despite controversy about how Countee Cullen's poetry relates to racial politics, and despite Cullen's not having included the poem in any of his books, “Christ Recrucified” warrants study for its ...
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and attitudes about social support: Does shame matter?

Abstract Considerable research has examined the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and social support. One facet of this relationship that deserves greater attention concerns trauma survivors’ negative expectations towards social support, termed negative network orientation. To expand our understanding of negative network orientation, the current study examined shame as a possible mediator in the relationship between PTSD symptoms and negative network orientation, in a sample of 202 female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). Additionally, a history of child abuse (CA) was evaluated as a moderator of the association between shame and negative network orientation in this model. Path analyses indicated a significant indirect effect between PTSD symptoms and negative network orientation through shame, indicative of mediation. A history of CA moderated this effect, such that women with a history of CA in addition to IPV showed a significantly stronger relationship between PTSD symptoms and negative network orientation through shame, relative to women who only had a history of IPV. These findings support the relevance of shame in understanding the association between PTSD symptoms and negative beliefs about social support and highlight the role of childhood abuse as a moderator in this process among IPV survivors.
Steady state and transient analytical modeling of non-uniform convective cooling of a microprocessor chip due to jet impingement

Abstract Heat removal from microprocessor chips with multiple regions of dynamic heat generation remains a critical technological challenge. Excessive temperature rise is undesirable for performance as well as reliability. Jet impingement cooling has been widely investigated as a potential thermal management technique due to the capability of localized cooling and of dynamically following the heat generation distribution. A jet offers large local convective heat transfer coefficient, for which theoretical models and correlations have been proposed for a variety of scenarios. However, not much work exists on using this information to determine the resulting temperature distribution. This paper addresses this need by developing analytical steady state and transient heat transfer models that account for the spatial variation in convective heat transfer coefficient and for spatially non-uniform heat flux. The solution is derived in the form of an infinite series, the coefficients of which are determined by solving a set of algebraic equations. Temperature rise predicted by the models are found to be in excellent agreement with finite-element simulations, while offering faster computation time and easier integration with design and performance optimization tools used in microelectronics. The analytical model is used for predicting temperature rise in a variety of scenarios to examine interesting optimization problems such as the cooling of multiple hotspots with a single jet, determining the optimal location of a jet, etc. Results presented here may facilitate improved thermal design and real-time performance optimization of microprocessor chips.
Bolivia: Language Situation

Bolivia's linguistic landscape is highly diverse, as approximately 40 indigenous languages representing four Amerindian stocks are spoken here. In addition to Spanish, a second European language, Plautdietsch (Low German) is spoken by significant numbers of Mennonites residing primarily in the Oriente and Chaco regions. Of Bolivia's indigenous languages, Quechua and Aymara, Andean languages with millions of speakers in Bolivia and elsewhere, are highly stable. However, the majority of Bolivia's indigenous languages, spoken in the Tierras Bajas, are endangered, either because their heritage communities face the risk of population collapse or because, in the case of both small and large communities, the heritage language is being displaced by Spanish.
Burn injuries cast their nets in blood vessels

Neutrophil extraceullar traps (NETs) cause secondary expansion of tissue necrosis in local and remote tissues due to microvascular hypercoagulation.
Towards building a structure-properties prediction tool for nanodielectrics

PMMA based nanocomposites with 2 wt% silica nanoparticle loading were used as a model amorphous thermoplastic system to study the impact of melt mixing conditions on nanofiller dispersion and dielectric properties. The filler dispersion was varied by altering the filler/matrix enthalpic attraction with short molecules on the nanofiller surface and varying the extruder processing conditions. The nanofiller dispersion was quantified using TEM images and quantitative image analysis of interfacial area and cluster size. Trends between dispersion and dielectric properties (dielectric breakdown strength and permittivity) were studied.
An insider’s view of a mathematics learning disability: Compensating to gain access to fractions

Research on mathematics learning disability (i.e., dyscalculia) tends to adopt a deficit model of the learner and quantify the ways in which these students are deficient. In this study we adopt a r...
Effect of Porins and blaKPC Expression on Activity of Imipenem with Relebactam in Klebsiella pneumoniae: Can Antibiotic Combinations Overcome Resistance?

Imipenem with relebactam is a novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor that has activity against most KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Using 10 isolates of KPC-possessing Klebsiella pneumoniae, we assessed the relationship between imipenem-relebactam minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and mechanisms known to contribute to antimicrobial resistance. The effect of adding a second agent was assessed by time-kill experiments. Mutations affecting the genes encoding porins ompK35 and ompK36 and identification of β-lactamases were assessed by PCR. Expression of blaKPC and acrB was assessed by real-time reverse-transcriptase (RT)-PCR, and production of OmpK36 by SDS-PAGE. Time-kill studies were performed using combinations of imipenem-relebactam with polymyxin B, amikacin, or tigecycline. Seven isolates having a disruption in a single porin, or in neither porin, remained susceptible to imipenem-relebactam. The addition of a second agent did not improve the activity of imipenem-relebactam for these isolates, although the addition of tigecycline was antagonistic for three isolates. Three isolates had major disruptions in both ompK35 and ompK36 that correlated with reduced activity of imipenem-relebactam (MICs 2/4, 8/4, and 512/4 μg/mL). Two of these isolates also had overexpression of blaKPC, including the isolate with the highest MIC. These isolates were also resistant to polymyxin B and amikacin. The addition of amikacin provided both synergistic and bactericidal activity for the two more resistant isolates. The activity of imipenem-relebactam against K. pneumoniae is affected by major disruptions of both ompK35 and ompK36 and by expression of the KPC gene. Combining imipenem-relebactam with an aminoglycoside may be a promising approach for isolates with reduced susceptibility to imipenem-relebactam.
Fluorescence- and Phosphorescence Spectroscopy of Polymers

This section is complementary to the foregoing one, since the luminescence of organic molecules is due to radiative transitions between the same electronic levels, but in the reverse sense, compared to absorption. Furthermore, (delayed) emission can be observed by forbidden transitions which are not observable in absorption.
Hypermedia Maps and the Internet

The highly-interactive, map-based multimedia presentation known as the hypermedia map has emerged along with the development of the interactive personal computer since the 1980s. Although combining maps with other forms of representation such as pictures is not new, this particular interactive type of map required an effective electronic form of distribution. The CD-ROM served that capacity briefly but was soon replaced by the Internet which emerged in the mid-1990s as the major form of information delivery. More maps are now distributed through the Internet than through any other medium. But, most of the maps that make their way to the Internet are simply static maps, often scanned from paper, not the highly-interactive hypermedia maps that were expected with this new medium. There are very few examples of hypermedia maps currently available through the Internet, and those that do exist are very difficult to find. The continued development of hypermedia is based on both the accessibility of hypermedia maps through the Internet and a system of remuneration so that the authors of these time-consuming products can be compensated.
Trust in Schools: A Core Resource for School Reform.

For example, Comer's School Development Project demonstrates that strengthening the connections between urban school professionals and parents of low socioeconomic status can improve their children's academic achievement (Comer, Haynes, Joyner, & Ben-Avie, 1996). Meier (1995) argues persuasively that building trust among teachers, school leaders, students, and parents was a key component of the success of the middle school that she created in Harlem. The efforts of Alvarado and his colleagues to build learning communities in Community School District 2 in Manhattan also support the importance of the social dimension of school change (Malloy, 1998). And a longitudinal analysis of successfully restructuring schools concluded that
Save this Honorable Court: Shaping Public Perceptions of the Supreme Court Off the Bench:

Scholars believe that justices on the U.S. Supreme Court strategically respond to—but rarely shape—public opinion. This article provides a new perspective on judicial behavior. Looking “off the ben...
Painted with the Same Brush: The negative impact of stigma diffusion on the TMT

In this paper we develop and test predictions regarding the impact of stigmatization on the economic futures of top management team members. Using data from the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision coaching staffs, where head coaches are viewed as CEOs and assistant coaches as non-CEO TMT members, we found that assistant coaches who move to new teams receive lower pay when they worked for head coaches who had experienced involuntary turnover as a result of failure. Our analysis suggests a diffusion of stigma from the top executive to the other top managers, resulting in diminished market values in subsequent employments. In testing the moderating effects of proximity and tenure of the assistant coaches on their subsequent economic values, the results showed no relationship between proximity or tenure on the stigmatization.
Mechanisms for the Resolution of Organ Fibrosis.

Fibrosis is a dynamic process with the potential for reversibility and restoration of near-normal tissue architecture and organ function. Herein, we review mechanisms for resolution of organ fibros...
Strain-tunable magnetic anisotropy in monolayer CrCl 3 , CrBr 3 , and CrI 3

Recent observation of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional (2D) ${\mathrm{CrI}}_{3}$ is associated with the large magnetic anisotropy due to strong spin-orbit coupling of I. Magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) defines the stability of magnetization in a specific direction with respect to the crystal lattice and is an important parameter for nanoscale applications. In this work we apply the density functional theory to study the strain dependence of MAE in 2D monolayer chromium trihalides $\mathrm{Cr}{X}_{3}$ (with $X$ = Cl, Br, and I). Detailed calculations of their energetics, atomic structures, and electronic structures under the influence of a biaxial strain $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}$ have been carried out. It is found that all three compounds exhibit ferromagnetic ordering at the ground state (with $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}=0$), and upon applying a compressive strain, phase transition to the antiferromagnetic state occurs. Unlike in ${\mathrm{CrCl}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{CrBr}}_{3}$, the electronic band gap in ${\mathrm{CrI}}_{3}$ increases when a tensile strain is applied. The MAE also exhibits a strain dependence in the chromium trihalides: it increases when a compressive strain is applied in ${\mathrm{CrI}}_{3}$, while an opposite trend is observed in the other two compounds. In particular, the MAE of ${\mathrm{CrI}}_{3}$ can be increased by 47% with a compressive strain of $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}$ = 5%.
Single-arm, open-label, dose escalation phase I study to evaluate the safety and feasibility of transcranial direct current stimulation with electroencephalography biomarkers in paediatric disorders of consciousness: a study protocol

Introduction Children with disorders of consciousness (DOC) represent the highest end of the acquired brain injury (ABI) severity spectrum for survivors and experience a multitude of functional impairments. Current clinical management in DOC uses behavioural evaluation measures and interventions that fail to (1) describe the physiological consequences of ABI and (2) elicit functional gains. In paediatric DOC, there is a critical need to develop evidence-based interventions to promote recovery of basic responses to improve rehabilitation and aid decision-making for medical teams and caregivers. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the safety, tolerability and feasibility of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in children with DOC. Methods and analysis This study is an open-label dose escalation trial evaluating the safety, tolerability and feasibility of tDCS in 10 children (5–17 years) receiving inpatient rehabilitation for DOC. This study will follow a modified rule-based design, allowing for intrapatient escalation, where a cohort of patients will be assigned to an initial tDCS current of 0.5 or 1 mA based on participant’s head circumference and according to the safety data available in other paediatric populations. The subsequent assignment of increased current (1 or 2 mA) according to the prespecified rules will be based on the clinical observation of adverse events in the patients. The study will include up to three, 20 min sessions of anodal tDCS (sham, 0.5 or 1 mA, 1 or 2 mA) applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The primary outcomes are adverse events, pain associated with tDCS and intolerable disruption of inpatient care. Secondary outcomes are changes in electroencephalography (EEG) phase-locking and event-related potential components and the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised total score from prestimulation to poststimulation. Ethics and dissemination The Johns Hopkins IRB (#IRB00174966) approved this study. Trial results will be disseminated through journals and conferences. Registration number NCT03618849.
229 From head to tail: A red wolf sperm project

Development of assisted reproductive technologies for the critically endangered red wolf (Canis rufus) is crucial to the maintenance of genetic diversity to support species recovery. Towards this goal, a cryopreservation protocol has previously been developed for red wolf sperm; however, the ability of the gametes to undergo capacitation has not been assessed in this species. Previously, we have shown that oviductal extracellular vesicles (oEVs) improve cat sperm motility and fertilizing ability. The objectives were to (1) compare the effects of culture media on motility and acrosomal integrity of fresh sperm, and select the best medium that can be used in a capacitation protocol; (2) identify potential biomarkers for sperm cryo-tolerance; and (3) determine the influence of canine oEVs on sperm survival and motility post-thaw. In Study 1, sperm were collected by electro-ejaculation from adult red wolves (n = 8) and immediately cryopreserved in TRIS-egg yolk buffer with 8% glycerol or incubated for 18 h in 5% CO2 and 38.5°C in one of the following media: canine capacitation medium (CCM), FERT-TALP (FERT), NCSU, synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) and TRIS. At 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 18 h, sperm were evaluated for total motility and acrosome integrity (FITC-PNA). In Study 2, sperm with high (>80%, HM, n = 2 wolves) and low ( 0.05) than other treatments. A total of 179 proteins were identified, of which 129, including those regulating energy metabolism and mitochondrial mediated apoptosis, were differentially expressed between HM and LM. Preliminary data from Study 3 suggested that thawing and incubating sperm in the presence of LF, EL, and LL oEVs improved sperm motility. In conclusion, CCM and NCSU sustained sperm survival after in vitro incubation and could be candidates for in vitro fertilization studies in the red wolf. Data generated from sperm proteomic analysis provided insights into cellular pathways regulating sperm cryo-sensitivity. Finally, we demonstrated the potential of oEVs in improving wolf sperm survival post-thawing.