cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lifted first-order belief propagation

Unifying first-order logic and probability is a long-standing goal of AI, and in recent years many representations combining aspects of the two have been proposed. However, inference in them is generally still at the level of propositional logic, creating all ground atoms and formulas and applying standard probabilistic inference methods to the resulting network. Ideally, inference should be lifted as in first-order logic, handling whole sets of indistinguishable objects together, in time independent of their cardinality. Poole (2003) and Braz et al. (2005, 2006) developed a lifted version of the variable elimination algorithm, but it is extremely complex, generally does not scale to realistic domains, and has only been applied to very small artificial problems. In this paper we propose the first lifted version of a scalable probabilistic inference algorithm, belief propagation (loopy or not). Our approach is based on first constructing a lifted network, where each node represents a set of ground atoms that all pass the same messages during belief propagation. We then run belief propagation on this network. We prove the correctness and optimality of our algorithm. Experiments show that it can greatly reduce the cost of inference.
Microarray screening of lymphocyte gene expression differences in a multiplex schizophrenia pedigree

In order to help prioritize the selection of candidate genes and to study possible trait and not state related changes in gene expression, we compared lymphocytic gene expression patterns of five individual family members with schizophrenia and nine unaffected individuals from a large multiplex high density pedigree. We screened gene expression by microarray consisting of 1128 brain focused genes. Three criteria for selection of microarray gene differences between schizophrenia and unaffected family members were employed: a significant t-test, expression in a majority of subjects, and fold change magnitude. Gene expression levels were significantly different for nine genes between individuals with schizophrenia compared to unaffected controls, and two genes were validated by real-time PCR. The expression of the neuropeptide Y receptor Y1 gene (NPY1R localized at 4q31.3-q32) and the human guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein Go-alpha (GNAO1 localized at 16q13) was significantly decreased in individuals with schizophrenia compared to unaffected family controls by microarray and real-time PCR. The cytosolic malate dehydrogenase gene (MDH1 localized at 2p13.3) was also significantly increased by microarray analysis and showed a trend for increase by real-time PCR. The significant genes are discussed in terms of proximity to linkage regions, prior association studies of schizophrenia, and other reports of microarray screening of schizophrenia tissue. Evidence from these studies taken together with the present study suggests critical pathways in schizophrenia may be studied in peripheral tissue as part of the strategy in functional genomic convergence. This preliminary study needs to be repeated by screening a larger set of genes in additional families with schizophrenia. The present study offers support for examination of gene expression patterns using lymphocytic RNA for complex neuropsychiatric disorders from large cohorts of patients.
Formation of spectral lines in planetary atmosphere. IV - Theoretical evidence for structure of the Jovian clouds from spectroscopic observations of methane and hydrogen quadrupole lines.

Abstract The theory of formation of pressure-broadened methane lines and collision-narrowed hydrogen quadrupole lines in a Jovian atmosphere is studied in detail for a physically realistic model of the planet's lower atmosphere. Only observations of the center-to-limb (CTL) variations of the equivalent width of absorption lines for both of these molecules can identify the structure of the visible cloud layers. Observations of the CTL variation of methane and hydrogen quadrupole lines are the most suitable for studying the Jovian atmosphere. The CTL variations for hydrogen are much greater and more sensitive to variations of the properties of the thin upper tropospheric cloud layer than the corresponding observations of methane lines. A detailed comparison of hydrogen quadrupole with methane lines is made for the same continuum conditions, enabling us to develop a detailed understanding of the formation of the collision-narrowed hydrogen quadrupole lines in a Jovian atmosphere.
Simulation of Operational Equipment with a Computer-based Instructional System: A Low Cost Training Technology

The feasibility and effectiveness of teaching performance skills using a computer-based training (CBT) methodology were investigated. Graphic simulations of the appearance and functions of a system in an anti-submarine aircraft were presented to students within an instructional framework. Programmed logics controlled the dynamic representations of the equipment in response to student input made through a touch panel. The objective was to determine whether CBT could be used for low cost, part-task training. The performance of CBT students, as measured on a high fidelity simulator, was compared to that of students who had gone through conventional training consisting of workbook study and hands-on practice in the simulator. Results showed that CBT students performed the necessary skills as well before practice in the simulator as conventionally trained students could after this practice. The theoretical and cost implications are discussed.
Chimpanzee food preferences, associative learning, and the origins of cooking

A recent report suggested that chimpanzees demonstrate the cognitive capacities necessary to understand cooking (Warneken & Rosati, 2015). We offer alternate explanations and mechanisms that could account for the behavioral responses of those chimpanzees, without invoking the understanding of cooking as a process. We discuss broader issues surrounding the use of chimpanzees in modeling hominid behavior and understanding aspects of human evolution.
State-defect constraint pairing graph coarsening method for Karush---Kuhn---Tucker matrices arising in orthogonal collocation methods for optimal control

A state-defect constraint pairing graph coarsening method is described for improving computational efficiency during the numerical factorization of large sparse Karush---Kuhn---Tucker matrices that arise from the discretization of optimal control problems via an Legendre---Gauss---Radau orthogonal collocation method. The method takes advantage of the particular sparse structure of the Karush---Kuhn---Tucker matrix that arises from the orthogonal collocation method. The state-defect constraint pairing graph coarsening method pairs each component of the state with its corresponding defect constraint and forces paired rows to be adjacent in the reordered Karush---Kuhn---Tucker matrix. Aggregate state-defect constraint pairing results are presented using a wide variety of benchmark optimal control problems where it is found that the proposed state-defect constraint pairing graph coarsening method significantly reduces both the number of delayed pivots and the number of floating point operations and increases the computational efficiency by performing more floating point operations per unit time. It is then shown that the state-defect constraint pairing graph coarsening method is less effective on Karush---Kuhn---Tucker matrices arising from Legendre---Gauss---Radau collocation when the optimal control problem contains state and control equality path constraints because such matrices may have delayed pivots that correspond to both defect and path constraints. An alternate graph coarsening method that employs maximal matching is then used to attempt to further reduce the number of delayed pivots. It is found, however, that this alternate graph coarsening method provides no further advantage over the state-defect constraint pairing graph coarsening method.
Determinants of Early Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Proximal Artery Occlusion (S02.005)

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated early post-stroke outcomes in a cohort of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients prospectively selected as most likely to benefit (LTB) from intra-arterial therapy (IAT). BACKGROUND: Proximal artery occlusions (PAO) are thought to recanalize in 10% of patients with AIS treated with intravenous tPA (IV tPA) alone, yet the benefits of intra-arterial therapy in this patient subgroup are not well-established. DESIGN/METHODS: Using a pre-specified protocol, 193 patients from our institutional GWTG-Stroke database admitted between 01/01/2007-12/31/11 were deemed LTB. These patients had evidence of PAO (ICA, MCA M1 or proximal M2 segments), brain imaging completed RESULTS: Of the patients included, 29.5% received IV tPA only, 11.4% underwent IAT only, and 37.8% had both. Overall in-hospital mortality was 19.2%. Fourteen percent of LTB patients ambulated independently on discharge and went directly home. In a univariate analysis, age (OR 0.95, 95%CI 0.92-0.97), IV tPA (OR 2.3, 95%CI 1.2-4.3), and history of atrial fibrillation (OR 0.5, 95%CI 0.3-0.9) were associated with outcome. Effect of IAT was not statistically significant (OR 1.3, 95%CI 0.7-2.3; p=0.4). The odds of favorable post-stroke outcome were significantly lowered (OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.1-0.6; p=0.0006) in those receiving neither IV tPA nor IAT. CONCLUSIONS: In acute ischemic stroke patients thought LTB from IAT, IV tPA independently predicted favorable early post-stroke outcomes. These data reinforce the recommendation to provide early, rapid IV tPA to all eligible patients. Further studies are warranted to explore the lack of IAT effect seen in this study, which may be due to small sample size, residual confounding, or interaction between the IV tPA and IAT. Disclosure: Dr. Labuzetta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yoo has received research support from Penumbra Inc. Dr. Ali has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fitzpatrick has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hirsch has nothing to disclose. Dr. schwamm has received personal compensation for activities with CoAxia Inc.,Lundbeck DIAS 4 Intl., RTI Health and Medtronic as advisory board and steering committee. Dr. Schwamm has received research support from Alteplase. Dr. Rost has received personal compensation for activities with Genzyme Corporation. Dr. Rost has received research support from Genzyme Corporation.
Estimating unseen deduplication-from theory to practice

Estimating the deduplication ratio of a very large dataset is both extremely useful, but genuinely very hard to perform. In this work we present a new method for accurately estimating deduplication benefits that runs 3X to 15X faster than the state of the art to date. The level of improvement depends on the data itself and on the storage media that it resides on. The technique is based on breakthrough theoretical work by Valiant and Valiant from 2011, that give a provably accurate method for estimating various measures while seeing only a fraction of the data. However, for the use case of deduplication estimation, putting this theory into practice runs into significant obstacles. In this work, we find solutions and novel techniques to enable the use of this new and exciting approach. Our contributions include a novel approach for gauging the estimation accuracy, techniques to run it with low memory consumption, a method to evaluate the combined compression and deduplication ratio, and ways to perform the actual sampling in real storage systems in order to actually reap benefits from these algorithms. We evaluated our work on a number of real world datasets.
Nebulin, a multi-functional giant.

Efficient muscle contraction in skeletal muscle is predicated on the regulation of actin filament lengths. In one long-standing model that was prominent for decades, the giant protein nebulin was proposed to function as a ‘molecular ruler’ to specify the lengths of the thin filaments. This theory was questioned by many observations, including experiments in which the length of nebulin was manipulated in skeletal myocytes; this approach revealed that nebulin functions to stabilize filamentous actin, allowing thin filaments to reach mature lengths. In addition, more recent data, mostly from in vivo models and identification of new interacting partners, have provided evidence that nebulin is not merely a structural protein. Nebulin plays a role in numerous cellular processes including regulation of muscle contraction, Z-disc formation, and myofibril organization and assembly.
Roles of Lactobacillus in the intestinal tract

Despite the opinion of many scientists and laymen that lactobacilli benefit adult intestinal health, the medical and scientific communities do not accept this as fact. This paper offers possible beneficial and detrimental roles which lactobacilli could play; relevant literature citations also are made. Healthful roles include those exerted as a result of their presence as members of the intestinal flora as well as their benefits as culture or enzyme preparations. Speculative detrimental effects discussed are nutrient competition, carcinogen activation and detoxification interference (glucuronide hydrolysis).
Spermatocytic Seminoma Associated with Rhabdomyosarcoma

A case of spermatocytic seminoma intimately associated with rhabdomyosarcoma is reported. The patient, a 51-year-old man, presented with a two-year history of right-sided testicular enlargement. Orchiectomy was performed, and a large testicular tumor was excised. Further investigations during hospitalization revealed lung, liver, and retroperitoneal lymph node metastases. Further therapy was refused, and the patient died at home two months after orchiectomy. Autopsy was not permitted. Although the great majority of spermatocytic seminomas occur in pure form, do not metastasize, and have very good prognosis, in addition to the present case, seven cases of spermatocytic seminoma associated either with rhabdomyosarcoma or undifferentiated sarcoma have been reported. Presence of the sarcomatous element is associated with aggressive behavior, metastatic disease, and very poor prognosis. It is considered that the sarcomatous element develops from the spermatocytic seminoma by anaplastic transformation.
The scalar moment and moment magnitude of microseismic events

Summary We investigate the seismic moment and moment magnitude for microseismic events. We show that the scalar moment M T 0 defined by Bowers and Hudson (1999) should be used in microseismic studies for characterizing the size of an event and calculating its moment magnitude. For nondouble couple sources, the so called “Brune model” is no longer an appropriate way for estimating the seismic moment and magnitude. Moreover, the S wave alone is not sufficient for determining the total seismic moment. Instead, P wave must be studied in order to determine the total seismic moment of an event. An example Barnett Shale dataset is studied and the results show that the magnitudes estimated through Brune model are off by as high as 1.92, with an absolute average of 0.35. The moment magnitudes based on the scalar moment M T 0 also give a more reasonable size distribution and b-value estimation.
Hosts of Argas Cooleyi and Ornithodoros Concanensis (Acarina: Argasidae) in a Cliff-Face Habitat

Monthly collections of Argas cooleyi and Ornithodoros concanensis were made from Cliff Swallow colonies and the source of the blood meal in these ticks was determined by precipitin tests using bat, murine, and passerine antisera. Identification of blood meals from A. cooleyi indicate that in a cliff-face habitat this species is parasitic solely on Cliff Swallows. The seasonal availability of hosts for this tick is limited to the 2-1/2 to 3 months that Cliff Swallows annually inhabit these sites. Tests of blood meals from O. concanensis demonstrate that this tick species utilizes either avian or mammalian hosts, and Cliff Swallows appear to fulfill this role during their 2-1/2 to 3 month nesting season. Bats are parasitized for much of the year but most heavily when the swallows are absent. This dual host utilization enables the ticks to obtain blood meals throughout the year.
The effect of myofibroblasts and corticosteroid injections in adhesive capsulitis.

Hypothesis Adhesive capsulitis is a condition that results in restricted glenohumeral motion. Fibroblasts have been implicated in the disease process; however, their role as a contractile element in the development of fibrosis and capsular contracture is not well understood. We hypothesized (1) that myofibroblast prevalence in capsular biopsy specimens from patients with adhesive capsulitis would be increased compared with controls and (2) that patients treated with an intra-articular injection of corticosteroid would have fewer myofibroblasts. Methods The study prospectively enrolled 20 consecutive patients with adhesive capsulitis scheduled for capsular release and matched controls. Tissue samples were collected from the posterior and anterior capsule for histomorphologic and immunohistologic analyses. Identical sectioning and preparation was performed in 14 additional adhesive capsulitis specimens from patients who had not received corticosteroid injections. Results Patients with adhesive capsulitis not treated with preoperative corticosteroid demonstrated more histologic evidence of fibromatosis, synovial hyperplasia, and an increase in positive staining for α-smooth muscle actin than patients who had received intra-articular injections of steroid. No specimens obtained from control patients demonstrated positive staining for α-smooth muscle actin. Discussion There was a higher prevalence of myofibroblast staining in patients with adhesive capsulitis, implicating activation of the myofibroblast in the pathophysiology of capsular contracture. Intra-articular steroid injection decreases the presence and amount of fibromatosis, vascular hyperplasia, fibrosis, and the presence of fibroblasts staining for α-smooth muscle actin. This supports the use of steroid injections to alter the disease process by decreasing the pathologic changes found in the capsular tissue.
Testosterone Replacement Therapy: New Data on Efficacy and Cardiovascular Safety

numerous studies on this subject. This literature presents some of the most controversial group of papers that I have reviewed, with some studies suggesting that testosterone use is associated with an increase in adverse cardiac events including major adverse cardiac events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke), whereas others suggest just the opposite. The problem is that many of these studies are observational, the testosterone preparations vary, not all studies have followed up the testosterone levels once therapy is started, some studies included soft end points to describe the adverse cardiac events, the cardiac events were not prespecified as the primary outcome, the duration of follow-up was short, the baseline characteristics of the patients were very heterogeneous with varying degrees of underlying risk factors, and other issues that we have described. The only way this issue will ever truly be resolved is for a large prospective, randomized, blinded, long-term study to be carried out with major adverse cardiac events as the primary end point. It is my understanding that an industry consortium is developing such a protocol. However, it will be many years before data are available. In the meantime, the Food and Drug Administration has released new restrictions on the labeling for testosterone replacement therapy, as recently described. 3 Although testosterone is known to be effective in patients with primary hypogonadism, the significance of the low testosterone associated with aging has been debated. There are mixed data suggesting that in these types of patients, testosterone replacement may improve sexual functioning (improved libido and erectile function), improve muscle mass, decrease fat mass, improve muscle strength, and perhaps improve mood and energy level. The Testosterone Trials, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, were conducted to help clarify the confusing literature on testosterone replacement therapy, and the data from these clinical trials are now emerging. 5 These studies may answer some of the unresolved issues surrounding testosterone replacement therapy. They consist of 7 double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, interlinked multicenter studies in which men who were 65 years and older with serum testosterone levels that averaged <275 ng/dL were randomized to testosterone gel versus placebo gel for 1 year, with efficacy assessment at baseline and then every 3 months for 1 year. Results from 3 of these trials were recently reported. To be eligible for the Sexual Function Trial, men had to report decreased libido on questionnaires; to be eligible for the Physical Function Trial, men had to report difficulties walking or climbing stairs; and to be eligible
141 TELEVISION VIEWING HABITS IN HISPANIC AND NON-HISPANIC CHILDREN AND PARENTAL LIMITS ON TELEVISION EXPOSURE.

Background The AAP advises no television (TV) for children less than 2 years. There is little evidence on infants9 TV viewing or parental limits on TV exposure. Research on minority populations is warranted. Objectives (1) Describe TV viewing habits of Hispanic and non-Hispanic children 1 year of age and younger; (2) describe parental limits on their child9s TV exposure. Methods Cross-sectional study of children ages 7 to 13 months in a hospital-based pediatric continuity clinic. Parents were interviewed and asked to report their child9s TV viewing habits, favorite TV shows, and their own limits on TV exposure. Comparisons were made between Hispanic and non-Hispanic children. Results A total of 252 children participated; mean age 10.3 months; 52% male; 47% Hispanic. In general, 63% of children watched TV daily; mean hours 1.1 per day. There were no differences between groups in regard to frequency or number of hours watched. Only 35% of parents reported TV watching as one of the child9s leisure activities; of these, 37% were parents of Hispanic children compared to 63% of non-Hispanic children (p = .03). Educational shows were listed as the child9s favorite by 42% of parents, with no significant differences between groups. Overall, only 37% of parents limited the amount of TV, while 66% of parents limited the type of shows their infant could watch. There were no differences between ethnic groups for parental limits on TV exposure. Conclusions Despite the AAP recommendations, young children watched television daily. Educational shows intended for children were the most frequently watched in this age group. While Hispanic parents are less likely to report TV watching as one of their child9s leisure activities, ethnicity did not determine the amount of TV watched or parental limits on TV exposure. Implications Pediatric health care professionals need to warn parents of potential negative effects of TV on children; parents should be encouraged to set limits on television exposure starting early in infancy.
Teacher Knowledge and Briefs in Classroom Practices Affect Mathematically Gifted Students Achievements

Mathematically gifted education was an important branch of mathematics education reform. Over twenty years mathematics education reform in US had provided valuable experiences regarding mathematically gifted education. This article briefly reviewed problems that occurred in mathematically gifted students and the solution for these problems during the mathematics education reform in the United States. The article pointed out that special classrooms were not only one source for mathematically gifted students and many mathematically gifted students were ignored in the regular classrooms. Teachers must change their beliefs and roles for identifying and developing the mathematically gifted students.
3D Printing in Healthcare: Emerging Applications

Mass consumerization of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has revolutionized access to applications for 3D printing in a broad range of industries. Once used primarily for industrial manuf...
Gene Therapy for “Bubble Boy” Disease

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency results in the accumulation of toxic metabolites that destroy the immune system, causing severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID), often referred to as the "bubble boy" disease. Strimvelis is a European Medicines Agency approved gene therapy for ADA-SCID patients without a suitable bone marrow donor.
The Making of the Welfare State

The Labour Government’s work in the development of the social services was largely in line with the proposals of the Coalition Government — upon which left-wing influences during the war had had a marked impact. As we have seen, the wartime Beveridge Report was seized upon by the Labour Party in Parliament as a litmus-test of the Government’s sincerity in the pursuit of social reconstruction.1 The party’s parliamentary executive, for the first and only time during the Coalition period, put down an amendment expressing dissatisfaction with the Government’s apparently lukewarm attitude. This amendment, though easily defeated by the Conservative majority, attracted 121 supporters, the overwhelming majority of whom were members of the Labour Party.2 But the Coalition Government’s commitment to the details of the Beveridge Plan, though hesitant, was substantial: Sir John Anderson, the Lord President, had accepted all three of Beveridge’s basic assumptions — family allowances, a national health service, and the maintenance of full employment.
The impact of frailty on failure-to-rescue in geriatric trauma patients: A prospective study.

INTRODUCTIONFailure-to-rescue (FTR) (defined as death from a major complication) is considered as an index of hospital quality in trauma patients. However, the role of frailty in FTR events remains unclear. We hypothesized that FTR rate is higher in elderly frail trauma patients.METHODSWe performed
Presidential political ambition and US foreign conflict behavior, 1816–2010:

How do term limits affect international conflict behavior? We revisit this question using new quarter-year-level data on presidential political ambition in the US from 1816 to 2010. Multi-country research finds that the re-election motive decreases the likelihood of conflict initiation. We argue that there are good reasons to expect that the US is different. We find that politically ambitious US presidents are more likely to initiate international conflicts. Consistent with previous research, however, we find that political ambition appears to be unrelated to a president’s chances of becoming the target of a militarized dispute.
Abstract P253: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition vs. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade in Marfan Mouse: Role of Bradykinin

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) decrease aortic root aneurysm progression in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome, by interfering with angiotensin II (Ang II) activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling. Angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) decrease the formation of Ang II, but also increase bradykinin (BK) which can activate the TGF-β pathway. We tested the hypothesis that ACEi and ARBs differ in their effect on aortic aneurysm development in Fbn1C1039G/+ mice due to different effects on BK. We compared the effect of 12-week treatment with telmisartan (3 and 24 mg/L), ramipril (30mg/L) or placebo in the presence or absence of the BK B2 receptor antagonist HOE140 (0.1 mg/Kg/day). ARB and ACEi reduced blood pressure similarly. ARB and ACEi reduced aortic root diameter (by 17.3±3% and 19.1±5%) but only ARB prevented elastin disruption (Figures 1A and 1B), decreased mast cell infiltration and P-ERK immunoreactivity in the ascending aorta. HOE-140 alone did not reduce the aortic root diameter but diminished the aortic elastin disruption. In the lung, ARB compared to ACEi treatment, prevented the development of emphysematous changes (Figure 1C), decreased mast cell infiltration (4.87±0.98% vs. 9.12±1.23%, p=0.012), and decreased MMP12 (1.02±0.08 vs. 1.52±0.13 A.U, p=0.002) and MMP9 (1.32±0.08 vs. 1.69±0.11 A.U, p=0.006) activity. HOE-140 alone prevented emphysematous changes and decreased MMP12 activity. Endogenous BK contributes to elastin disruption in the aortic root and lung by promoting activation of P-ERK and increasing MMP12 activity, respectively. Clinical studies are required to compare the efficacy of ACEi and ARB in Marfan syndrome.
In Vivo Response to Sequential Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Modeled Based on In Vitro Properties of Particular BCR-ABL Kinase Domain (KD) Mutations.

Background: 2 nd generation TKI have shown preclinical activity against imatinib resistant BCR-ABL mutations with the exception of T315I. Relative sensitivities of different mutations to various TKI differ. The clinical response of BCR-ABL with particular mutations has been modeled by classifying each mutation based on the in vitro IC 50 for each drug against kinase activity for BCR-ABL with that mutation into high, intermediate, and low sensitivity groups. Study Aims: We investigated how patients (pts) with tumors with particular intermediate sensitivity BCR-ABL KD mutations against one TKI responded before and after shift to an alternative TKI that would be predicted to have more potency. Methods: Mutation sensitivity was defined by the IC 50 for each specific drug(O’Hare, Can Res2005;65:4500; Bradeen, Blood2006;108:2332). Mutations with intermediate sensitivity to dasatinib (D) and nilotinib (N) were defined as those with an IC 50 of 2–20 nM and 200–450 nM. Results: We identified 30 pts who developed intermediate sensitivity mutations to N or D, with median age of 54 years (36–96) followed for 24 months (mo) (6–38) from the start of therapy with 2 nd generation TKI. 24 pts had such mutations at the start of 2 nd line therapy, with N (n=15: 4 CP,6 AP,5 BP), or D (n=9: 6 CP,3 AP). 7/15 (47%) responded to N (best responses: 1 CMR, 1 MMR, 1 CCyR,1 MiCyR, 3 CHR) for a median of 18 mo (3–33). 3 have ongoing responses: 2 with F317L have CMR and PCyR at 17 and 29 mo, and 1 (F359C) a CCyR at 33 mo. 8/11 (89%) responded to D (3 CCyR, 4 CHR, 1 PHR) for a median of 16 mo (4–29); 2 (both Y253H) have an ongoing CCyR at 24 and 29 mo (Table 1).14 received 3 rd line TKI [2 N (2 CP), 9 D (2 CP, 4 AP, 3 BP), 3 bosutinib (3 CP), 1 INNO-406 (1 CP)], and 3 pts 4 th line TKI [1 N (1 CP), 2 INNO-406 (1 AP, 1 CP)]. 7/9 pts responded to D as 3 rd line for a median of 11 mo (3–22) with 1 ongoing CCyR at 22 mo (F359V). 1/2 pts with F317L who failed D responded to N (ongoing CCyR at 3 mo) (Table 2). Three pts in CP (2 F317L, 1 V299L) received bosutinib as 3 rd line: 2 (both F317L) had a transient CHR (6 and 9 mo). INNO-406 was used as 3 rd line in 1 in CP (Y253H) and 4 th line in 2 [CP (F317L), AP (V299L)] with no response. Conclusion: Clinical efficacy of 2 nd generation TKI correlates with in vitro sensitivity of KD-mutations. In pts failing a TKI in whom a mutation with intermediate in vitro sensitivity to this agent is detected, change to an agent with better in vitro potency against such mutation may improve the response.
Longitudinal Genotype-Phenotype Association Study via Temporal Structure Auto-Learning Predictive Model.

With rapid progress in high-throughput genotyping and neuroimaging, imaging genetics has gained significant attention in the research of complex brain disorders, such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The genotype-phenotype association study using imaging genetic data has the potential to reveal genetic basis and biological mechanism of brain structure and function. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, thus, it is crucial to look into the relations between SNPs and longitudinal variations of neuroimaging phenotypes. Although some machine learning models were newly presented to capture the longitudinal patterns in genotype-phenotype association study, most of them required fixed longitudinal structures of prediction tasks and could not automatically learn the interrelations among longitudinal prediction tasks. To address this challenge, we proposed a novel temporal structure auto-learning model to automatically uncover longitudinal genotype-phenotype interrelations and utilized such interrelated structures to enhance phenotype prediction in the meantime. We conducted longitudinal phenotype prediction experiments on the ADNI cohort including 3,123 SNPs and two types of imaging markers, VBM and FreeSurfer. Empirical results demonstrated advantages of our proposed model over the counterparts. Moreover, available literature was identified for our top selected SNPs, which demonstrated the rationality of our prediction results. An executable program is available online at https://github.com/littleq1991/sparse_lowRank_regression.
Technical to Teachable

In April 2014, the source of drinking water in Flint, Michigan, was changed from Detroit to the Flint River. This resulted in dangerously high levels of lead and a coinciding rise in cases of Legionnaire’s Disease. In response, the Flint Area Community Health & Environment Partnership (FACHEP) is monitoring the amount of Legionella bacteria in home water systems. The complexity and scope of the water sampling is daunting: nearly 200 Flint area homes were tested in 2016 alone; each home has three sampling locations with a distinct set (or kit) of collection components and procedures to ensure accurate analysis; and individuals with different levels of sampling experience are assembling and using the kits. Managing the large volume of water samples and materials requires careful preparation and training; the FACHEP Water Sampling Kit Assembly Guidebook was developed to address this need. This paper describes the context and decisions that framed the design of the Guidebook, a user-centered training tool enabling individuals with a wide range of scientific background to accurately and efficiently assemble sampling kits.
Refractory Lactic Acidosis in Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung.

Background. Elevated lactate levels in critically ill patients are most often thought to be indicative of relative tissue hypoxia or type A lactic acidosis. Shock, severe anemia, and thromboembolic events can all cause elevated lactate due to tissue hypoperfusion, as well as the mitochondrial dysfunction thought to occur in sepsis and other critically ill states. Malignancy can also lead to elevation in lactate, a phenomenon described as type B lactic acidosis, which is much less commonly encountered in the critically ill. Case Presentation. We present the case of a 73-year-old Caucasian woman with type 2 diabetes and hypertension who presented with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, nonbloody diarrhea, and weight loss over five weeks and was found to have unexplained refractory lactic acidosis despite fluids and antibiotics. She was later diagnosed with small cell carcinoma of the lung. Conclusions. In this case report, we describe a critically ill patient whose elevated lactate was incorrectly attributed to her acute illness, when in truth it was an indicator of an underlying, as yet undiagnosed, malignancy. We believe this case is instructive to the critical care clinician as a reminder of the importance of considering malignancy on the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with elevated lactate out of proportion to their critical illness.
Aggregate anaphylaxis and carboxypeptidase N.

Bradykinin (BK) is widely believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of anaphylaxis. To help clarify any such roles, we examined for effects of inhibitors of kininase II (angiotensin converting enzyme, ACE) and “kininase I” (carboxypeptidase N, CPN), on the early course of egg albumin-induced aggregate anaphylaxis in anesthetized guinea pigs. In this model, pulmonary and systemic arterial blood pressure (BP) rise (unless pulmonary fibrillation occurs), lung wgt increases by ~ 60% and pulmonary microvessels are occluded by cell-rich thrombi, all within 5 min of i. v. antigen. The 30 min mortality rate is ~ 2%. ACE inhibitors (BPP9a, Captopril and MK 422; doses up to 140 μmol/kg) do not make anaphylaxis more nor less severe in terms discernible by changes in BP, lung wgt, EKG or intravascular coagulation. In marked contrast, an inhibitor of CPN (2-mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinoethylthiopropionic acid, 2-MGP; 8–16 μmol/kg) increases the 30 min mortality rate to 94% and lung wgt to 180% of control. The animals die in ventricular fibrillation. Given the enormous BK potentiating effects of BPP9a, Captopril and MK 422, it seems likely that little if any BK is formed in the early min of anaphylaxis. 2-MGP does not potentiate BP effects of BK but markedly potentiates effects of C3a anaphylatoxin. Thus, our data support the views that 1) BK is neither a primary nor secondary mediator of aggregate anaphylaxis, and 2) the adverse effects of 2-MGP are best explained in terms of preservation of anaphylatoxins and not in terms of preservation of kinins.
Investigation of Chloride Poisoning Resistance for Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanostructures as Oxygen Depolarized Cathode Catalysts in Acidic Media

HCl electrolysis used to manufacture Cl2, a compound of high industrial value, suffers from its high energy requirements. Significant energy savings can be attained by an alternative oxygen depolarized cathode (ODC)-based process where oxygen is reduced at the cathode instead of protons. Though the ODC process is extremely attractive, the state of the art catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) suffer from chloride ion poisoning and/or involve toxic chemicals such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In the present work, we demonstrate that non-metal containing CNx catalysts do not get deactivated upon exposure to chloride ion environment unlike Pt/C or RhxSy/C where significant chloride ion poisoning was observed. The synthesis of these CNx materials is also extremely facile and scalable. In addition, the performance of the synthesized CNx catalysts was found to be very stable in HCl environment. Thus, the results presented here demonstrate the promise of CNx materials as alternative catalysts for ODC-based HCl electrolysis process to manufacture Cl2 in a sustainable and safer way.
A Case Study Documenting the Development of Job Assist: A Speech Based Job Search System for Individuals with Visual Impairments:

Web accessibility is an improving issue but still an issue nonetheless. The Job Assist system documented within this report addresses the accessibility issue by enabling users with visual impairmen...
Power control strategy of electric vehicle for active distribution network

The paper focuses on the power control of the V2G system for active distribution network. A novel compound control strategy based on proportional feedback integral control and repetitive controller was proposed to tracking current instructions precisely. The control strategy not only not only in response to power, but also to compensate for grid current harmonics. Finally, experiment results prove that this proposed control strategy combines the advantages of repeated control of steady-state precision and fast response of PFI control, and improves the dynamic and steady-state characteristics of the system.
Positive Greetings at the Door: Evaluation of a Low-Cost, High-Yield Proactive Classroom Management Strategy:

Externalizing behavior is a significant concern among teachers. Teachers could benefit from incorporating proactive strategies to prevent problem behaviors and promote academic engagement as studen...
Z0 Boson Decays to Composite Scalars: Constraining Technicolor Theories

LEP I data can be used to constrain technicolor models with light, neutral pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons, P. We use published limits on branching ratios and cross sections for the final states γγγ, γ 6E, γ jet jet, 6E jet jet, and γγ jet jet to constrain the anomalous PZZ and PZγ couplings. From these results, we derive bounds on the size of the technicolor gauge group and the number of technifermion doublets in models such as low-scale technicolor. ∗krlynch@bu.edu †simmons@bu.edu
Structural investigation of cellobiose dehydrogenase IIA: Insights from small angle scattering into intra- and intermolecular electron transfer mechanisms.

Abstract Background Cellobiose dehydrogenases have gained interest due to their potential applications in sectors from biofuel production to biomedical devices. The CDHIIA variant is comprised of a cytochrome domain (CYT), a dehydrogenase domain (DH), and a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) that are connected by two flexible linkers. Upon cellobiose oxidation at the DH, intramolecular electron transfer (IaET) occurs from the DH to the CYT. In vivo, CDHIIA CYT subsequently performs intermolecular electron transfer (IeET) to a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO). The relevant solution-state CDH domain conformations for IaET and IeET have not been fully characterized. Methods Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering measurements of oxidized CDHIIA from Myriococcum thermophilum and Neurospora crassa were performed to investigate the structural landscape explored in solution by MtCDHIIA and NcCDHIIA in response to cations, pH, and the presence of an electron acceptor, LPMO9D from N. crassa. Results The scattering data complemented by modeling show that, under oxidizing conditions, MtCDHIIA undergoes global conformational rearrangement in the presence of Ca2+. Oxidized NcCDHIIA exhibits conformational changes upon pH variation and, in the presence of NcLPMO9D, primarily adopts a compact conformation. Conclusions These results demonstrate different conformational responses of oxidized MtCDHIIA and NcCDHIIA to changes in environment. The results also reveal a shift in the oxidized NcCDHIIA conformational landscape toward interdomain compaction upon co-incubation with NcLPMO9D. General significance The present study is the first report on the structural landscapes explored in solution by oxidized cellobiose dehydrogenases under various cation concentrations, pH conditions and in the presence of an electron-accepting LPMO.
Experienscape: expanding the concept of servicescape with a multi-stakeholder and multi-disciplinary approach (invited paper for ‘luminaries’ special issue of International Journal of Hospitality Management)

Abstract Since Bitner’s (1992) introduction of the servicescape concept, many conceptual and empirical studies have been conducted. Even though a relatively solid theoretical base has been established, the nature of the concept has not been updated with contemporary views on theories explaining behavior of consumers, employees and other stakeholders. Hence, the current study scanned the literature on servicescape and relevant concepts in order to update servicescape. The review of literature resulted in a new term, experienscape that is enhanced with the organizational culture of hospitality and the inclusion of employees, as both internal customers and service providers, as well as other stakeholders. For a comprehensive understanding of experienscape, a multidisciplinary approach is proposed by integrating views and theories from marketing, human resource management, organizational behavior, psychology, social psychology, communication, architecture, environmental design, and other related fields.
Impact of renal function on average hepatic standardized uptake value (SUVavg)

1774 Objectives To assess the impact of renal function on average hepatic SUV in adult population. Methods A retrospective analysis of 97 oncology patient undergoing clinical whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging at our institution. A 3cm VOI was drawn over the right hepatic lobe and SUV value adjusted for lean body mass was recored (PERCIST 1.0 Guidelines). Serum creatinine analysis performed within four weeks of whole body imaging was included. History of diabetes and other chronic renal disorder was noted. Results A total of 83 patients were without history of a diabetes. 14 patients with history of diabetes without renal dysfunction were evaluated separately. Demographic data were 41 Females, 42 males, mean age 55. In non-diabteic patients, mean hepatic SUV (lean body mass)level was 1.5, mean creatinine was 0.8 and mean serum glucose value was 98mg/dL. Overall, there was a positive correlation (r = 0.3) between serum creatinine and average hepatic SUV (p = Conclusions Mean lean hepatic SUV is significantly correlated with serum creatinine
Recent Advances in the Oxtoattve Coupling of Methane

Abstract Incremental but significant advances have been made in oxidative coupling catalysts to the point where it now is possible to achieve 20% CH 4 conversion at 80% combined C 2 H 4 and C 2 H 6 selectivity, with no diluent in the reagents. At a fundamental level the current issues include the nature of CH 4 activation (heterolytic or homolytic C-H bond cleavage), the origin and effects of CO 2 , and the nature of the active centers. There is increasing evidence that peroxide ions may serve as the active form of oxygen on basic oxides, although not all effective catalysts are strongly basic oxides.
Iron, Civilizations, and War

In 1841 a young engineer from western Virginia quit his job building turnpikes for the state and accepted appointment as chief agent for a struggling iron works in Richmond. Within a year Joseph Reid Anderson secured contracts for the Tredegar Iron Company to make cannon, shot, shell, and chain cable for the United States Navy (Figs. 10.1 and 10.2). This initiated a 22-year period when the firm never lacked orders for big guns as well as a multitude of smaller armaments. In the Civil War, Anderson’s firm went on to become the bulwark of the Confederate ordnance program and its single most important industrial operation.
Sex Hormones and Related Compounds, Including Hormonal Contraceptives

Abstract The Side Effects of Drugs Annuals is a series of volumes in which the adverse effects of drugs and adverse reactions to them are surveyed. The series supplements the contents of Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions. This review of the January 2017 to December 2017 publications on miscellaneous hormones covers various classes of endocrine drugs, including calcitonin, gonadotropins, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists, human recombinant growth hormone (somatropin), growth hormone receptor antagonists (pegvisomant), parathyroid hormone, melatonin and analogues, oxytocin and analogues, somatostatin and analogues, tasimelteon, vasopressin and analogues.
Behavior and distribution patterns of Katahdin rams in southern-pine silvopastures with cool-season forages

Selection of a suitable grazing livestock is a key for successful management of silvopasture systems. Previous studies have pointed out some damaging behavior of Kiko, a meat goat breed, wethers on pine trees in mixed-pine silvopastures, thereby indicating the need for identifying alternative animal species for this system. Our objective was to determine the diurnal behavior and distribution patterns of Katahdin, a hair sheep breed, rams in southern-pine silvopastures during the cool-season grazing period. The study was conducted during the spring of 2017 at the Atkins Agroforestry Research and Demonstration Site, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, USA. Three 0.4-ha longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.)-loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) mixed-pine silvopasture plots were planted with three different combinations of coolseason forages in separate subplots. Forage samples were collected before bringing animals into the plots, and analyzed for productivity and quality. Six Katahdin rams (12–15 months old, 72.7 ± 4.80 kg live weight) were rotationally stocked in the study plots, and their diurnal (dawn-dusk) behavior and distribution patterns were observed. Grazing was the most dominating behavior (44%) of rams followed by lying (39%) and loafing (10%). Rams used tree shade while resting and stayed in shelters during the rain. There was no pine debarking by rams throughout the observation period. Rams in silvopastures spent more time grazing during morning (dawn-1100 h) and post-midday (1500 h-dusk) periods, and lying during the midday (1100–1500 h) period. They mostly stayed together irrespective of where they went, resulting in a small value of distribution evenness index. Katahdin rams were found safe to graze in mixed southern-pine silvopasture systems consisting of 12-year-old trees during the coolseason grazing period.