cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of invasive or metastatic thymoma: Report of eleven cases

The clinical presentation and therapeutic modalities of 11 patients with invasive or metastatic thymoma are presented. Two patients had myasthenia gravis, and five had extrathoracic metastases. Survival exceeded five years in five patients, and four patients remain free of recurrence between 2.1 and 9.0 years after diagnosis. Surgery, with an attempt at complete resection, is the first step of therapy. A second thoracotomy for local relapse or attempt at curative resection was carried out in four patients. Radiotherapy to the mediastinum and/or metastatic sites was given to ten patients with doses ranging from 3600–6000 rads (median = 4500 rads) in the nine nonmyasthenic patients. Inclusion of supraclavicular fossae in the radiotherapy field is recommended because it was a site of relapse in two patients. Systemic therapies were given to eight patients. Objective responses were seen with two of various chemo-therapeutic regimens. A combination of bleomycin, Adriamycin, cisplatin, and prednisone (“BAPP”) produced a partial remission in two of five patients, during 12 and 4 months, respectively. Two of three patients responded to maytansine as a single agent after failure of other agents. Immunotherapy with intravenous Corynebacterium parvum or intradermal Methanol-Extraction Residue of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (MER-BCG) was ineffective in one patient each. The importance of combined modalities in the management of the disease is emphasized.
Subcutaneous necrobiotic granulomas of the scalp

Nine biopsy specimens taken from the scalps of five children and four adults with subcutaneous necrobiotic granulomas were reviewed. The histopathologic features were similar in both groups. Four of the five children presented clinically with multiple, firm, bound-down subcutaneous nodules limited to the scalp but no associated systemic disease. In addition to the scalp nodules, one child had typical cutaneous lesions of granuloma annulare over the acral areas. Two of the adult patients, however, had severe rheumatoid arthritis with multiple rheumatoid nodules on the arms in addition to the scalp nodules; one of them had rheumatoid vasculitis. Another adult patient had allergic granulomatosis, and one had granuloma annulare lesions involving the scalp, face, and left ankle. Excision biopsy specimens should be taken in all patients—both children and adults—with multiple, deep, bound-down nodules of the scalp. If the specimen shows subcutaneous necrobiotic granuloma, probably no treatment is indicated in children because, in our experience, there is no associated systemic disease. However, in the adult patient with similar scalp lesions, the possibility of systemic disease should be explored.
ON THE TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS FOR FREQUENCY OF BREATHING MOVEMENTS IN INBRED STRAINS OF MICE AND IN THEIR HYBRID OFFSPRING. I.

Young mice of a selected line of the dilute brown strain of mice exhibit over the range 15–25°C. (body temperature) a relation of frequency of breathing movements to temperature such that when fitted by the Arrhenius equation the data give a value for the constant µ of 24,000± calories or, less frequently, 28,000±. Young mice of an inbred albino strain show over the range 15–20°C. a value of µ = 34,000±, or, less frequently, 14,000±, with a critical temperature at about 20°C. and a value of µ = 14,000± above 20°C. The F1 hybrids of these two strains, and the backcross generations to either parent strain, exhibit only those four values of the temperature characteristic observed in the parent strains and none other. One may therefore speak of the inheritance of the value of the constant µ, but the inheritance shows in this instance no Mendelian behavior. Furthermore there appears to be inherited the occurrence (or absence) of a critical temperature at 20°C. These experiments indicate the "biological reality" of the temperature characteristics.
Arranging to do things with others

Much of what we do we do with other people. We conduct business, gossip, play games, and take classes with others, both in person and through computers. Joint activities like these axe advanced through sequences of brief joint actions, The problem is this. It takes delicate coordination against the common ground of the participants to initiate such actions. Person A has to arrange for person B (1) to commit to taking part (2) in a particular joint action (3) in a particular role (4) at a particular time and place. I will argue that people have principled ways of solving this problem, and that designers can and should leverage these principles when supporting these activities through computers and other technologies.
Organizational Diagnosis: Its Role in Organizational Learning

Diagnosis can be a process that helps organizations enhance their capacity to assess and change dysfunctional aspects of their culture and patterns of behavior as a basis for developing greater effectiveness and ensuring continuous improvement. The authors set forth a framework for understanding what can be called a “learning diagnosis” in which the diagnostic process is part of a large-scale organizational revitalization effort. In particular, they explore how the diagnostic intervention is affected by the diagnostic consultant, by the top management sponsors of the intervention, and by the process of collecting and acting on data. They conclude with a discussion of both the opportunities and challenges of institutionalizing the learning diagnosis process.
Blockade of selectin-mediated leukocyte adhesion improves postischemic function in lamb hearts.

Background. Leukocyte-endothelial interactions appear to have an important role in ischemia/reperfusion injury and are mediated by specific leukocyte and endothelial adhesion molecules. The selectins are adhesion molecules found on leukocytes (L-selectin) and endothelium (P and E selectin) that bind to oligosaccharide ligands containing fucose and sialic acid to mediate leukocyte rolling on the endothelium. Fucoidin is a nontoxic sulfated fucose oligosaccharide derived from seaweed that blocks the selectins. Methods. We tested the effects of fucoidin in an isolated blood-perfused neonatal (age range, 3 to 7 days; mean age, 4.3 days) lamb heart model undergoing 2 hours of cold cardioplegic ischemia. In group F (n = 8) fucoidin (30 mg/L) was added at initial reperfusion. Group C (n = 9) received only cardioplegia with no reperfusion intervention. Isovolumic maximum developed pressure and the maximum positive and negative first derivatives of pressure were measured using a catheter-tip transducer in an intraventricular balloon before ischemia and at 30 minutes of reperfusion. Coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, and white blood cell counts in the circulating blood were also measured. Results. Percent recoveries of baseline maximum developed pressure and maximum positive and negative first derivatives of pressure in group F (86% ± 5%, 81% ± 10%, and 74% ± 8%, respectively; mean ± standard deviation) were higher than in group C (77% ± 5%, 70% ± 9%, and 65% ± 6%; p p p p Conclusions. Selectin blockade with fucoidin resulted in better recovery of left ventricular function, coronary blood flow, and myocardial oxygen consumption after cold ischemia, despite a higher circulating white blood cell count. These data support the hypothesis that endothelial-leukocyte interactions play an important role in ischemia/reperfusion and suggest that selectin blockade may be a useful therapeutic strategy.
Evaluation of broiler growth velocity and acceleration in relation to pulmonary hypertension syndrome

Abstract An evaluation was made of the relationship between individual daily growth patterns and susceptibility of broiler chickens to pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS). In the first experiment, 46 male broilers were weighed for each of 50 d, during which time 13 developed PHS. Three temporal phases (0 to 15, 16 to 35, and 36 to 50 d) of broiler growth velocity and acceleration were examined. Correlation dimensions and Lyapunov exponents suggested evidence of chaos in growth velocity and acceleration, but the absence of detectable differences between broilers in the normal and PHS categories led us to reject the hypotheses that growth is more chaotic in normal broilers than in broilers susceptible to PHS. Growth velocity and acceleration values for mean and SD were statistically evaluated as response variables for each growth phase. Mean values for velocity during the third phase were different between broilers in the normal and PHS categories (velocity: 68.8 vs 48.9 g/d, P = 0.03, respectively) and (acceleration: 0.3 vs -1.4 g/d2, P = 0.07, respectively). The third phase SD (reflecting oscillation for velocity and acceleration) was greater for normal than for PHS birds (velocity: 26.1 vs 21.3 g/d, P = 0.13, respectively; acceleration: 39.7 vs 28.2 g/d2, P = 0.03, respectively). The hypothesis was accepted that normal birds have greater oscillations in growth velocity and acceleration than birds susceptible to PHS. A general regression neural network (GRNN) with genetic adaptive calibration was trained to predict PHS based on individual growth phases and their combinations. Data representing the first, first two, and all three phases of growth were determined to have potential for computerized diagnostic weighing. With the GRNN, birds in all three data sets were successfully classified (100%) with or without PHS. A third hypothesis, therefore, was accepted that artificial neural networks could be used to distinguish the difference between normal broilers and those susceptible to PHS. In the second experiment, only one bird was diagnosed with PHS. Velocity and acceleration neural networks from Phase 1 and Phases 1 and 2 in the first experiment were applied to the growth velocity and acceleration data of Experiment 2. The Phase 1 neural networks were the most promising in that they correctly identified 71.6 and 72.4% of the birds as normal for velocity and acceleration data, respectively. In general, data in the second experiment exceeded the neural network range of training for both velocity and acceleration, which reflected increased oscillation during the second phase of growth.
Field research on baboons, drills, and geladas: An historical, geographical, and bibliographical listing.

A dramatic rise in the field study of primate behavior and ecology has occurred since the early 1950s. A considerable portion of the research effort and time expended during these past 20 years has been directed at the cercopithecines of Asia and Africa, with particular emphasis upon macaque populations (Macaca spp.) and baboon populations (Papio spp.) occupying many habitat types. The concentrated attention upon the African "ground-dwelling" primates appears to have originated with an early interest in the social organization of these populations as potential models for prehistoric human society; but practical issues, such as the relative ease of observing primates in sparse versus dense vegetation, probably played a major selective role as well. Consequently, a large volume of ecological, biological, and behavioral data has accumulated in recent years on the baboons, and secondarily on geladas and drills. But this basic field information has become internationally dispersed throughout a wide variety of literature sources, which does not facilitate collation of the materials. With attention focusing increasingly upon comparative topics, such as how social organization or reproduction may be influenced by ecotypes or climates, there is a growing need to bring these data together, or to at least ease the problem of tracing down the basic publications. In order to promote awareness of the currently available mass of data and results from field projects on baboons, drills, and geladas, a table of surveys, short term studies, and long term studies was compiled in February 1972, based on literature sources and personal communication. This table is broken down according to the major geographical subregions of Africa, with country and site names for each study, as well as the year(s) in which the project occurred, the population(s) under observation, and the investigator(s) involved. The table is accompanied by a map showing estimated population distributions and numbered study sites. Core references for each particular study and site are given, but this list is not comprehensive. Additional references on special topics can be obtained from the main publications on each study.
Cyclotron isotopes and radiopharmaceuticals XXVI. A carrier-free separation of77Br from se

A silver chloride co-precipitation and ion exchange separation method is described for the carrier-free isolation of77Br bromide from isotopically enriched77Se targets following dissolution of the irradiated77Se in nitric acid. A cation exchange procedure has been devised to remove the silver and yield a dilute hydrochloric acid solution containing ≈90% of the precipitated77Br as bromide. The radiochemical and chemical composition of several preparations have been analyzed. A method for the quantitative recovery of the isotopically enriched selenium is described.
The Democraticization of Psychology

Miller's (1969) influential paper argued that psychology must `give away' its scientific outputs to the people, thus signaling a process of democraticization based on a conventional understanding of the science and practice of psychology; a view that privileges the scientifically generated findings over other forms. In this paper, I argue for a democraticization of inputs, based on an ethnopsychological view of the science and practice of psychology and calling for a psychology that gives voice to the people as dialogic partners and co-authors of our work. The implications of this different understanding of democraticization is examined with respect to psychological theory, research, education and practice. The theme of experiential or epistemological democraticization that this paper reflects is seen to be part of a larger movement appearing in various segments of primarily Western societies and challenging the hegemony of currently prevailing frameworks for understanding the nature and character of the ...
Double cross-validation of the booklet category test in detecting malingered traumatic brain injury

Abstract Two studies were conducted to determine whether the Category Test (CT), in booklet form, can effectively discriminate between groups of brain-injured, malingering, and normal subjects. Discriminant function analyses and clinical decision rules were used to identify malingering on the CT and the relative effectiveness of these two methods was evaluated. Because each of these methods achieved similar classification rates with both samples of subjects, optimal discriminant functions and clinical decision rules were developed combining the subjects from both studies. Discriminant functions correctly classified from 72.5% to 92.2% of subjects and optimal cut-off scores correctly classified from 64.1% to 91.5% of subjects. Effective identification of malingerers was obtained with both higher than expected base rate (29%) and a much lower, more realistic base rate (4%). Thus, the CT performances of individuals who attempt to malinger sequelae of traumatic brain injury appear to he discriminable from gen...
Adsorption of ethane on microporous activated carbon

Abstract The adsorption of ethane on BPL activated carbon at 273 K and 298 K were measured by an Chromatographic method. Dubinin's theory of volume filling of micropores (TVFM) was used to analyze the data. It is found that the Dubinin-Rudushkevich (DR) equation represents the relationship between the adsorbed volume and the adsorption potential quite well. The isosteric heats obtained from the TVFM are consistent with those obtained from the Clausius-Clapeyron phase equation. The fact that isosteric heat decreases with increasing solidphase concentration reveals the energetic heterogeneity of the adsorbent. The adsorption potential distribution function that represents the energetic heterogeneity of the adsorbent was obtained on the bases of the TVFM theory.
Bureaucracy as organizational pathology

This paper investigates the strengths and weaknesses that bureaucracies derive from their structural rigidity. The first section delineates the historic mission of bureaucracy and its perceived gradual perversion. A second section examines the mechanism through which bureaucracy degenerates from an organizational optimization to an organizational pathology. The viewpoint espoused here reflects the systems approach, particularly such authors as Ackoff, Emery and Trist, and the connection they envision between function, adaptation and learning. It is basically argued that the modern phenomenon of overbureaucratization takes its roots in a deterministic view of causality and a rigid quest for optimality. It is also argued in a final section that bureaucracy has become a systemic phenomenon with a potential for exporting pathological behavior beyond strict organizational boundaries. The discussion implicitly illustrates the advantage of adaptive mechanisms of management and control over non-adaptive mechanisms which are initially set to produce optimality.
Dual-mode dielectric resonator frequency/phase discriminator for narrowband microwave receivers

An original dielectric resonator dual-mode discriminator is described for narrowband low-cost microwave receiver applications. An example is presented where the discriminator is used for automatic frequency control in a Ku-band satellite beacon receiver.
Isolation and partial characterization of human parotid basic proteins

Methods are presented for the isolation of basic proteins (Pb proteins) from human parotid saliva collected from humans possessing different alleles at the Pb locus. The proteins were found to be extremely basic, with an isoelectric point above 9.5. They contain approximately 45% of the basic amino acids histidine, lysine, and arginine, and are devoid of cysteine, proline, threonine, valine, methionine, and tryptophan. They are free of carbohydrate. A comparison of the amino acid sequence data of Pb protein to all available amino acid sequences revealed that no sequence similarities exist between the Pb proteins and any other proteins reported, although proteins of similar amino acid compositions have been reported by others. A model is presented which accounts for the several forms of allelic proteins based on observed amino acid sequence differences.
Thiosulfate oxidation: Catalysis of synthetic sphalerite doped with transition metals

Abstract The rate of thiosulfate oxidation to tetrathionate by dissolved molecular oxygen was measured in aqueous suspensions of synthetic sphalerites doped with first row transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu). Pure sphalerite and Mn-doped sphalerite show no catalytic activity for this reaction. Catalytic activity increases from Fe to Ni, which has maximum activity, with a slight decrease moving to Cu. The catalytic activity of the doped sphalerites is proportional to the concentration of dopant. This trend in catalytic activity from pure sphalerite to Cu-doped sphalerite can be explained using the band structures of these solids.
Sulfhydryl modifying reagents inhibit Q A (-) oxidation in reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Capsulatus, but not Rhodopseudomonas viridis

The effects of various sulfhydryl-modifying reagents on reaction centers (RCs) from purple photosynthetic bacteria have been examined, with particular emphasis on the activity of the acceptor quinones, QA and QB, comprising the two electron gate. Mercurial reagents, especially p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate (pCMBS), were effective in inhibiting QB function in RCs from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rb. capsulatus, but not in Rhodopseudomonas viridis. The inhibition was fully reversible by dialysis against dithiothreitol (DTT). The effect on QB function was not an apparent one mediated by an alteration in the redox potential of QA. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) had no effect on any of the quinone functions, even at very high concentrations. Comparison of the X-ray structures of the RCs from Rb. sphaeroides and Rp. viridis and the known amino acid sequences for all three bacterial RCs suggest that a cysteine residue at position 108 in the L subunit of the Rhodobacter species is the most likely candidate for the site of action of the mercurial reagents. This was strongly supported by the absence of any effect of pCMBS on a site specific mutation of Rb. sphaeroides (L108CS) with residue L108 changed from cysteine to serine. These results imply a long distance (>20 A) effect on the functioning of QB, perhaps involving a relatively gross structural alteration.
Ocular disposition of nanoencapsulated acyclovir and ganciclovir via intravitreal injection in rabbit's eye

AbstractGanciclovir nanoparticles were prepared using biodegradable polymers to evaluate a possible treatment for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), polyethylcyanoacrylate (PEC), and chitosan were utilized as drug carriers. The three products were evaluated for drug-loading capacity, particle size, and drug release. Spherical nanoparticles ranging between 0.3 and 1.2 μm in diameter were obtained, with those of PEC being the smallest. Loading capacity was in the range of 62.5–66.9%. Drug release studies revealed decreasing release rates in the following order: BSA > PEC ≥ chitosan. PEC nanoparticles containing ganciclovir (measured spectrophotometrically) and radioactive acyclovir (measured by liquid scintillation) showed essentially the same release patterns. The PEC nanoparticles containing [3H]acyclovir and ganciclovir together were selected for in vivo drug level studies. Following an intravitreal injection in rabbit eyes, drug levels in different eye tissues were used to comp...
Sociodemographic risk factors associated with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability

This study examined the hypotheses that (1) sociodemographic risk factors in young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and/or intellectual disability (ID) significantly vary by disability type, and (2) measures of income (mean adjusted gross income, mean federal taxes paid, and mean tax exemptions) significantly increase between 1994 and 2002, and are lower in families with a child with ASD and/or ID compared with the general population. A multiple source surveillance system utilizing a retrospective record review was used to identify ASD and ID cases from a population of 26,108 eight-year-old children born in 1994 and living in Utah in 2002. ASD without ID (ASD-only, n = 99) cases were significantly more likely to be male (P 13 years education (P<0.01). Measures of income for cases at birth and at 8 years of age were not significantly lower than the general population and mean adjusted income of cases significantly increased from birth to 8 years of age. Investigations focused on defining early sociodemographic risk factors by different endophenotypes of ASD may assist in identifying risk factors for this complex group of neurodevelopmental disorders. Aggregate tax information may be a unique resource to utilize for population-based analysis.
Infections and immunizations in organ transplant recipients: a preventive approach.

BACKGROUND Infections after organ transplantation can be devastating in immunocompromised patients. OBJECTIVE To review strategies for preventing infections after transplantation. SUMMARY Immunization remains a cornerstone of preventive practice, but the suboptimal response to vaccinations in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy presents an ongoing challenge. More work is needed to determine which of the numerous strategies for preventing symptomatic cytomegalovirus infection is most effective and economical, and under which circumstances. Prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remains an important issue, especially in sulfa-intolerant patients. The relationship between different immunosuppressive programs and occurrence of infectious complications such as lymphoproliferative disease is just beginning to be understood. The toxicity of amphotericin B in this population has led to a search for more effective means of preventing and treating fungal infections. Finally, a new set of possible pathogens (such as the recently recognized human herpesvirus-6) is on the horizon. CONCLUSIONS The best preventive approach encompasses awareness of epidemiologic risk, early detection of infection, appropriate prophylactic or preemptive therapy for specific infections, and close collaboration between the infectious-disease clinician and the transplant team.
Addressing Prehistoric Hunting Practices Through Stone Tool Analysis

Although archeologists have approached prehistoric hunting practices by studying “projectile points,” use-wear analyses of nine components spanning 7,500 years of prehistory in the Lower Illinois Valley have shown that this approach is not accurate. The projectile point type is only one of several kinds of lithic artifacts, including other retouched types and debitage, employed in antiquity to tip projectiles. Assemblage comparisons indicate an earlier adoption of bow and arrow technology than most prehistorians have been willing to accept.
Automatic sensor and light source positioning for machine vision

The authors discuss an optimization approach to automatic sensor and light source positioning for a machine vision task where geometric measurement and/or object verification is important. The goal of the vision task is assumed to be specified in terms of edge visibility. There are two types of edge visibility: geometric edge visibility tells how much of the given edge is not occluded, and photometric visibility tells how much of the given edge has enough contrast to be detected in the image. A heuristic optimality criterion for the optimal sensor and light source position is defined in terms of these two edge visibilities. A preliminary experiment has been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the optimization approach. The result shows that the optimization problem formulated can be solved by mathematical programming techniques. >
A Modeling Study of Nonstationary Trapped Mountain Lee Waves. Part II: Nonlinearity

The generation of nonstationary trapped mountain lee waves through nonlinear wave dynamics without any concomitant change in the background flow is investigated by conducting two-dimensional mountain wave simulations. These simulations demonstrate that finite-amplitude lee-wave patterns can exhibit temporal variations in local wavelength and amplitude, even when the background flow is perfectly steady. For moderate amplitudes, a nonlinear wave interaction involving the stationary trapped wave and a pair of nonstationary waves appears to be responsible for the development of nonstationary perturbations on the stationary trapped wave. This pair of nonstationary waves consists of a trapped wave and a vertically propagating wave, both having horizontal wavelengths approximately twice that of the stationary trapped wave. As the flow becomes more nonlinear, the nonstationary perturbations involve a wider spectrum of horizontal wavelengths and may dominate the overall wave pattern at wave amplitudes significantly below the threshold required to produce wave breaking. Sensitivity tests in which the wave propagation characteristics of the basic state are modified without changing the horizontal wavelength of the stationary trapped wave indicate these nonstationary perturbations are absent when the background flow does not support nonstationary trapped waves with horizontal wavelengths approximately twice that of the stationary trapped mode. These sensitivity tests also show that a second nonstationary trapped wave can assume the role of the nonstationary vertically propagating wave when the Scorer parameter in the upper layer is reduced below the threshold that will support the vertically propagating wave. In this case, a resonant triad composed of three trapped waves appears to be responsible for the development of nonstationary perturbations. The simulations suggest that strongly nonlinear wave dynamics can generate a wider range of nonstationary trapped modes than that produced by temporal variations in the background flow. It is suggested that the irregular variations in lee-wave wavelength and amplitude observed in real atmospheric flows and the complex fluctuations above a fixed point that are occasionally found in wind profiler observations of trapped lee waves are more likely to be generated by nonlinear wave dynamics than changes in the background flow.
Rat and human aortic smooth muscle cells display differing migration and matrix metalloproteinase activities in response to dexamethasone

Abstract Objective: The steroid dexamethasone inhibits neointimal hyperplasia development in rats but not in humans. This study investigates the differential effects of dexamethasone on rat and human smooth muscle cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. Methods: Rat aortic smooth muscle cells were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rats. Human aortic smooth muscle cells were obtained from Clonetics. Boyden chamber migration assays were performed with chemoattractant (platelet-derived growth factor) and varying concentrations of dexamethasone (10 −9 to 10 −5 mol/L). Zymography of culture media was used to assess MMP activity, and Western blot analysis was used for quantification of MMP-2 and tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 (TIMP-2) secretion. Results: Dexamethasone inhibits rat aortic smooth muscle cell migration in a dose-dependent fashion. An increase in concentrations of dexamethasone does not effect human aortic smooth muscle cell migration. Rat aortic smooth muscle cell MMP-2 activity is inhibited with dexamethasone in a dose-dependent fashion, and human aortic smooth muscle cell MMP-2 activity is unchanged with dexamethasone. MMP-2 secretion is inhibited with dexamethasone in rat aortic smooth muscle cells but remains unaltered in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Dexamethasone increases rat aortic smooth muscle cell TIMP-2 secretion, and human aortic smooth muscle cell TIMP-2 secretion remains constant. Conclusion: Dexamethasone inhibits rat aortic smooth muscle cell migration, MMP-2 activity, and MMP-2 secretion and increases TIMP-2 secretion. These effects are not observed in human aortic smooth muscle cells. These findings may explain why dexamethasone inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in animal models but is ineffective in humans. Inhibition of human smooth muscle cell migration in vitro may be useful in predicting the effectiveness of future therapeutic agents for treatment of neointimal hyperplasia in humans. (J Vasc Surg 2002;35:1253-9.)
Literature and Medicine: Twenty-Five Years Later

An analysis of ten recent studies in Victorian literature and medicine examines the changes in the interdisciplinary field since G. S. Rousseau published an influential article on the topic in 1981.
A fail-safe N for effect size in meta-analysis.

Rosenthan's (1979) concept of fail-safe N has thus far been applied to probability levels exclusively. This note introduces a fail-safe TV for effect size. Rosenthal's (1979) fail-safe N was an ingenious response to the so-called file drawer problem in research integration, in that it provided a direct assessment of the threat posed by sampling bias in the literature search. The algorithm was derived from the Stouffer method (Mosteller & Bush, 1954), in which an overall Z-score is computed by summing individual Z-scores and dividing by the square root of the number of scores. A significant overall Z-score, Rosenthal reasoned, could be made nonsignificant by adding some knowable number of hypothetical studies that averaged null results. The exact number of such studies needed to bring a significant overall p level up to some critical level (e.g., .05) has since become known as the fail-safe N (Nfs). The formula is
Analysis of a strip in a waveguide

An analysis and an experimental study of a strip in a transverse plane of a rectangular waveguide below cutoff are presented. This work is a preliminary step in analyzing a stripline-fed slot antenna array in which each stripline feed is enclosed in a rectangular waveguide below cutoff. A numerical method is developed to solve a "pseudo" mixed-potential integral equation for the current on the strip excited by a delta-gap source at some point along the strip. The Green's function for dipole sources in the rectangular waveguide is used in the spectral and spatial representations and Shanks' transform is employed to speed up the convergence of the doubly infinite series. Numerical and experimental results are presented for a monopole fed at one wall of a rectangular waveguide and for a bottom-fed and bottom-loaded strip in a rectangular waveguide.
An approximation schema for the estimation of buffer sizes for manufacturing facilities

A unified approach to the production planning and scheduling problem of a flexible manufacturing system with failure-prone machines is considered. The proposed method is based on the concept of Gershwin's hedging point strategy. A hierarchical controller is proposed in which the upper levels use an inventory hedging point for production planning. At the lower level of the controller the concept of a buffer hedging point is introduced and used to obtain the size of the machine buffers and to derive the schedule for the manufacturing system. The estimation of the buffer size is not based on any optimization procedures; instead, it relies on an argument that allows decoupling of the operation of every machine. The net result is a hedging point concept that is applicable to all levels of the hierarchy. It is also shown how the buffer hedging point concept is related to the just-in-time manufacturing strategy. Results are presented from a small, scaled-down computer-controlled flexible manufacturing system and from several simulated cases. >
The Relation of Prosocial Behavior to the Development of Aggression and Psychopathology

The development of prosocial behavior is traced from middle childhood to adulthood in a 22-year longitudinal study of 800 children first seen at age 8 and is compared to the development of aggression over the same period. Prosocial behavior and aggression seem to represent opposite ends of a single dimension of behavior since they are consistently negatively related to each other and relate in opposite ways to correlated variables both synchronously and over time. Both are stable forms of behavior with good predictability over the time span studied and both are related to the quality of the parent-child relationship. The most important deterrent to the development of antisocial behavior and the encouragement of prosocial behavior is probably a close identification between the child and his/her parents.
Two Types of Continuity

In this paper I am going to deal with two very different kinds of continuity. One is of mathematical kind and it is familiar to every student of calculus; the other was named by Poincare — not very appropriately, as we shall see — physical continuity (le continu physique). While the obvious contrast between these two different types of continuity is fairly well known, its deeper philosophical significance is rarely analyzed. This lack of interest in it is not accidental; it is due to the persistent influence of the intellectual tradition generated by the three centuries of classical science (1600–1900). We shall see that a more subtle epistemological approach together with the emergence of some new and quite unexpected problems in contemporary physics requires another fresh look at the contrast between both types of continuity and the way it was interpreted both by classical science and classical philosophy.
Adiposity, muscle, and physical activity: predictors of perturbations in heart rate variability.

Objectives This study examines cross-sectional associations of indices of adiposity, lean body mass, and physical activity, with heart rate variability (HRV), a marker for parasympathetic cardiac vagal control. Methods The study population consists of 360 officers from the Buffalo New York Police Department. Indices of adiposity include body mass index, waist circumference, and a fat-mass index taken from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements. Lean body mass indices were derived from DEXA measurements of trunk mass and extremity lean mass. Physical activity was measured using a 7-day self-report questionnaire. HRV was obtained from 5-min electrocardiogram measurements by means of parametric spectral analysis resulting in estimates for high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) HRV. Results Both HF and LF HRV were significantly associated with markers for adiposity, two components of lean mass and physical activity with all associations being in the expected direction except that for trunk lean mass. This unexpected result is explained by the possibility that trunk mass is a marker for visceral adiposity rather than lean mass. Body mass index did not explain any additional variance in HRV above and beyond waist circumference and the DEXA indices. Conclusions Higher levels of physical activity, lower levels of markers for central adiposity and higher lean mass in the extremities predict higher levels of HRV in this population of police officers. This association between modifiable risk factors and markers for autonomic function suggest possible interventions that may improve health and performance. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:370–377, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Muscarinic and nicotinic synaptic activation of the developing chicken iris.

The development of the mechanical characteristics of contraction and the pharmacology of synaptic activation in chick iris and ciliary body were examined from embryonic day 9 through posthatching. The ciliary ganglion-target muscle system has proven to be a useful model for both in vivo and in vitro studies of neuron-target interactions; one such interaction is involved in neuronal cell death, which in the ciliary ganglion occurs from Stage (St) 34 to 40. To understand the mechanism by which cholinergic blocking agents prevent naturally occurring neuronal death in the chick ciliary ganglion (see the following paper, Meriney et al., 1987), it was necessary to determine the effect of these agents on synaptic transmission at target structures during the cell death period. Initially (St 34–36), iris muscle contraction are synaptically mediated via muscarinic ACh receptors (AChRs) on myoepithelial cells, which have the contractile and structural characteristics of smooth muscle. Close apposition of synaptic terminals, similar to that described for mature synapses, was observed on these myoepithelial cells. Subsequently (St 37), the striated muscle fibers that appear are activated by nicotinic receptors, although muscarinic AChRs are also present. Mechanically, this can be seen as gradually changing from a slow-onset contraction, elicited only by 30 Hz stimulation, to a fast-twitch response (St 37–44). Dilator fibers that develop later in the iris (at about St 39) also possess nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. The ciliary body musculature, although not extensively studied, also appears to have dual cholinergic activation during development. The mature iris has predominately striated muscle fibers that have both junctional nicotinic and muscarinic (mostly extrajunctional) AChRs. The dual presence of both receptor types in the same muscle fiber was confirmed with intracellular recordings, in which only the initial portion of the ACh-elicited depolarization was sensitive to alpha bungarotoxin (alpha BTX). In addition, specific muscarinic binding sites were described in the developing, as well as in the mature, iris. The developing chick iris was also shown to contract directly in response to light, this response disappearing after hatching. This unique dual-receptor pharmacology (nicotinic- muscarinic) and light response of a striated muscle may be due to the neural crest origin of these cells.
Carbonate Recrystallization in Shallow Marine Environments: A Widespread Diagenetic Process Forming Micritized Grains

ABSTRACT Integrated morphologic, petrographic, and mineralogic analyses of sediment grains of the miliolid foraminifer Archaias and the green alga Halimeda from shallow marine environments in Florida, the Bahamas, and Belize document pervasive syndepositional recrystallization in these grains. Scanning electron microscopy shows that original skeletal rods and needles recrystallize on the sea floor to a variety of equant micritic fabrics. In thin section, this textural alteration corresponds to progressive micritization, with loss of the familiar golden brown color exhibited by fresh miliolids and Halimeda and gradual development of gray cryptocrystalline carbonate. X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe studies show that this textural alteration may be accompanied by mineralogical changes from Mg-calcite to aragonite or from aragonite to Mg-calcite. Our findings support petrographic studies that reported syndepositional recrystallization in a wide variety of carbonate grains about thirty years ago, but which have been largely ignored. Together, these studies indicate that carbonate recrystallization is a widespread process of early diagenesis. Extensive recrystallization in shallow tropical seas challenges basic principles regarding the setting and timing of textural and mineralogic alteration of metastable carbonate grains. In addition, recognition of recrystallization as an important process of micritization contradicts prevailing theories that micritization results solely by infilling of microborings. Finally, our findings raise fundamental questions concerning the nature of carbonate crystal structure, mechanisms of crystal growth, and driving forces for recrystallization. Answering these questions will require sedimentologists to step beyond traditional bounds into fields such as biomineralization and materials science.
Somatic mutation analysis of IgH variable regions reveals that tumor cells of most parafollicular (monocytoid) B-cell lymphoma, splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, and some hairy cell leukemia are composed of memory B lymphocytes.

Abstract The cell of origin of parafollicular (monocytoid) B cell lymphoma (PBCL), splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is controversial. To better understand the relationship between these low-grade B-cell neoplasms, we analyzed the nucleotide sequences of the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) chain variable (V) region of the clonal population of cells in five cases of PBCL, four cases of SMZL, and seven cases of HCL to determine whether these neoplasms could be differentiated by the degree of somatic mutation in the IgH V gene or by the IgH V gene family usage. DNA was extracted from diagnostic material and clonality confirmed by PCR. The DNA was reamplified using V heavy chain family specific primers, and the amplicons were sequenced. Sequences were compared with germline IgH V gene sequences, and base changes were determined to be silent or to represent amino acid replacements by using three different methods. Four of five (80%) cases of PBCL, three of four (75%) cases of SMZL, and three of seven (43%) cases of HCL showed evidence of antigen selection, suggesting that these neoplasms involved clonal expansions of postgerminal center memory lymphocytes. Only SMZL showed a preferential usage of V H 1 family genes.
ERK regulation upon contact inhibition in fibroblasts

Despite the understanding of the importance of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation in the stimulation of growth, little is known about the role of MAP kinase regulation during contact inhibited growth control. To investigate the role of the MAP kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) during the transition to a contact inhibited state, cultures of normal fibroblasts (BJ) were grown to different stages of confluency. The levels of MAP kinase phosphatase (MKP) expression and the amount of active ERK and MAP ERK kinase (MEK) in these cultures were assessed through western blot analysis and were compared to fibrosarcoma cell cultures (HT-1080), which lack contact inhibition. In normal fibroblasts, the amounts of active MEK and ERK decline at contact inhibition, concurrently with a rise in MKP-1, MKP-2, and MKP-3 protein levels. In contrast, fibrosarcoma cells appear to lack density-dependent regulation of the ERK pathway. Additionally, altering the redox environment of fibrosarcoma cells to a less reducing state, as seen during contact inhibition, results in increased MKP-1 expression. Taken together, these results suggest that the altered redox environment upon contact inhibition may contribute to the regulation of ERK inactivation by MKPs.
Behavioral Correlates of Age at First Marijuana Use

Relationships between age at initial marijuana use and selected behavioral measures representing education, arrests, employment, alcohol use, and other drug use were examined for a sample of 370 male veterans. Younger age at marijuana use was found to be associated with less education, more arrests, and more other drug use prior to entering the service. A factor analysis of the correlates of age at initial marijiana use suggested three factors of delinquent activities: drug use, school delinquency, and other propensities for delinquency.
5β-Reductive Pathway of Progesterone Metabolism in the Amphibian Ovarian Cytosol

The metabolism of H-progesterone by the 105,000 X g supernatant (cytosol) fraction of Rana pipiens follicles containing fully grown oocytes was studied using thin layer chromatography. At 18#{176}C, progesterone was rapidly metabolized to products that co-migrated with and appeared in the sequence: pregnanedione, pregnanolone, and pregnanediol. The pregnanedione fraction appeared to consist primarily of the 5j3-stereoisomer. At 4#{176}C, 50 percent of the progesterone was metabolized by the cytosol in 1-2 h compared to 15-20 mm at 24#{176}C. As a 3-keto-’�4 steroid target tissue the R. pipiens ovary appears to be unique in that both the 5(3 and So reduced isomers are nearly as effective as the parent compound (progesterone) in inducing a physiological response (germinal vesicle breakdown). Pregnanolone and pregnanediol were relatively ineffective in inducing germinal vesicle breakdown. Thus, the stepwise reduction of pregnanedione may terminate a steroid-specific action in the ovarian follicle.
THE UPTAKE AND DIGESTION OF IODINATED HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN BY MACROPHAGES IN VITRO

Mouse peritoneal macrophages take up I*-HSA from their medium during in vitro cultivation. Conditions which promote I*-HSA uptake are the same as those which stimulate formation of pinocytic vesicles. Autoradiography of cells pulsed with 125I-HSA showed that intracellular isotope is localized in perinuclear granules, or secondary lysosomes. Following a pulse of 125I-HSA, intracellular radioactivity decreases and the amount of TCA-soluble isotope in the medium increases correspondingly. About 50% of the intracellular isotope is lost in 5 hr. The release of isotope from pulsed cells is not inhibited by parafluorophenylalanine, 2,4-dinitrophenol or by a reduction of the serum concentration of the medium. However, the processing of ingested 125I-HSA is reversibly inhibited by reduced temperature. The TCA-soluble radioactive material excreted by pulsed macrophages was identified as monoiodotyrosine.