cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Production and characterization of SIV envelope-specific rhesus monoclonal antibodies from a macaque asymptomatically infected with a live SIV vaccine

ABSTRACT Five rhesus monoclonal antibodies (RhMAbs) were produced by rhesus EBV transformation of peripheral blood B cells from a rhesus macaque that had been asymptomatically infected with an attenuated, macrophagetropic SIV strain, 17E-C1. These MAbs recognized conformation-dependent epitopes on SIV gp 120 and could not be mapped using synthetic peptides. All five RhMAbs were able to neutralize the vaccine strain and a heterologous isolate, SIV/DeltaB670. The RhMAbs did not cross-react with HIV-2; by contrast, four human MAbs derived from an HIV-2-infected person were broadly cross-reactive with both SIV and HIV-2 gp120s. Cross-competition analysis indicated that the five RhMAbs could be placed in two groups recognizing two nonoverlapping epitopes; while the HMAbs were placed in two additional competition groups. Binding of the three group I RhMAbs (1.7F, 3.11B, and 1.10A) as well as HMAb 17A was shown to be sensitive to specific amino acid alterations in V4 occurring in natural env variants. The result...
Survival after lobectomy versus segmentectomy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer: a population-based analysis.

Background Data comparing survival after lobectomy versus that after segmentectomy for stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are limited to single-institution observational studies and 1 clinical trial. We sought to determine if lobectomy offers a survival advantage over segmentectomy for stage I NSCLC based on population-based data. Methods Using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (1998 to 2007), we identified patients who underwent either anatomic segmentectomy or lobectomy. Wedge resections were excluded. Analysis was limited to patients with stage I adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. After stratifying patients based on tumor size (less than or equal to 2.0 cm, 2.1 to 3.0 cm, and 3.1 to 7.0 cm), we assessed for association between extent of resection and survival using the Kaplan-Meier method. To adjust for potential confounding variables, we used Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results There were 14,473 patients who met our inclusion criteria. Lobectomy conferred superior unadjusted overall ( p p = 0.0053) 5-year survival compared with segmentectomy. Even after adjusting for patient factors, tumor characteristics, and geographic location, we noted that patients who underwent lobectomy had superior overall and cancer-specific survival rates, regardless of tumor size. Squamous cell histologic type, male sex, low lymph node counts, and increasing age, tumor size, and grade were all independent negative prognostic factors. Conclusions Using a population-based data set, we found that lobectomy confers a significant survival advantage compared with segmentectomy. Our results provide additional evidence supporting the role of lobectomy as the standard of care for resection of stage I NSCLC regardless of tumor size.
Qualitative and quantitative study of synaptic displacement in chromatolyzed spinal motoneurons of the cat

Qualitative and quantitative cytological evidences show a reduction in number and percentage of coverage of terminals on chromatolyzed spinal motoneurons 4 to 90 days after severance of their axons in the ventral root. The reduction in number and percentage of boutons on the surface membrane is due to detachment of synapses. This detachment is associated with changes in specialized regions (synaptic complexes: Conradi, '69) of synapses which involve disappearance of both pre-and postsynaptic membrane thickenings and widening of the synaptic cleft (width of 400-1,400 A). The separation of terminals from surface membrane is also associated with the presence of reactive astrocytes and microglia. Most areas of surface membrane bared of synaptic contact are occupied by astrocytic processes. The astroglial responses coincide with the loss of synapses. Microglial cells, although extending to neuronal surface membrane, cover only a small portion of it. An extensive separation of boutons by microglia is not observed. Most microglia are seen located at some distance from surface membrane and are frequently separated by sheets of astrocytic processes. Synaptic restoration occurs by about 90 days after axotomy. Some motoneurons show good recovery, while others show only a limited amount.
Somatic mutation: Diversity and regulation of the immune repertoire

Accounting for the enormous diversity of the immune response has been the underlying question of immunology since Paul Ehrlich first addressed it in 1900. The problem has at least two facets: the genetic organization and the nature of the cells that carry out the immune response. The last decade has seen remarkable progress toward the understanding of both these questions, and attention is now being focused on the combined problem, viz., what are the characteristics of the cell populations that house this genetic apparatus, and do the interactions of the cells with each other play a role in the nature of the immune repertoire? The most recent in a series of papers from Rajewsky’s laboratory (Siekevitz et al., Cell, this issue) provides a good vantage point from which to survey the trends of the work leading to the clarification of the problem. Generating the Diversity of the Immune Repertoire The specificity of an individual antibody molecule, and thus the diversity of the specificities of the population of antibodies, is generated through the reorganization of a series of germ-line-encoded V region gene segments in one specialized type of somatic cell, the lymphocyte. These germ-line segments consist of V (variable) and J (joining) segments for light chains and V, D (diversity), and J segments for heavy chains (see Tonegawa, Nature 302, 575-581, 1983). A good estimate is that there are 300 V,, 4 J,, 2 Vh, and 3 Jh segments encoding light chains in the mouse. Thus there would be approximately lo3 VL regions available through somatic generation ([2 x 3) + [300 x 41). Similarly, there are 200 VH, 12 D, and 4 JH gene segments for heavy chains, which allows the generation of approximately IO4 VH. The combination of one heavy and one light chain per antigen-combining site gives the system approximately 10’ possible antigencombining sites. In this manner several hundred gene segments can give rise to ca. 10’ different specificities. But we know that there is additional diversity generated at the junctions of the recombining segments, and it is becoming increasingly clear that somatic mutation introduces a very large factor of diversity. A ball-park estimate that would probably offend the fewest people is that the repertoire consists of lOlo different specificities. These gene rearrangements occur in lymphocytes during lymphopoiesis, so that the immune repertoire, as expressed in the lymphocytes, is generated stochasticallyi.e., totally independent of antigen. That the existence of the repertoire precedes the introduction of antigen was predicted in the clonal selection theory of Burnet and has been a basic paradigm of cellular immunology for two decades. According to the clonal selection theory, each lymphocyte displays its encoded immunoglobulin product Minireview
Validating the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale With Persons Who Have Severe Mental Illnesses

Objective: Interview data collected from 275 clients with severe mental illnesses are used to test the construct and criterion validity of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale (PSS). Method: First, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are used to test whether the scale reflects the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text rev. (DSM-IV-TR). Second, structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to test concurrent validity. Results: A 2-factor PSS reveals an excellent fit to the data, and SEM shows good concurrent validity with key study variables. Conclusion: The PSS reveals a 2-factor structure (Re-experiencing and Avoidance) in this particular sample, and stress from high-risk behaviors and drinking to cope with negative emotions mediate the relationship between subjective distress from trauma and PTSD symptoms.
PhosphoBlast, a Computational Tool for Comparing Phosphoprotein Signatures among Large Datasets

Identification of specific protein phosphorylation sites provides predicative signatures of cellular activity and specific disease states such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Recent progress in phosphopeptide isolation technology and tandem mass spectrometry has provided the means to identify thousands of phosphorylation sites from a single biological sample. These advances now make it possible to profile global changes in the phosphoproteome at an unprecedented level. However, although this technology is generating a wealth of information, there is currently no efficient means to identify phosphoprotein signatures shared among large phosphoprotein databases. Identification of common phosphoprotein signatures found in biologically relevant systems and their conservation throughout evolution would provide valuable insight into mechanisms of signal transduction and cell function. Here we describe the development of a computational program (PhosphoBlast) that can rapidly match thousands of phosphopeptides that share phosphorylation sites within and across species. PhosphoBlast analysis of several large phosphoprotein datasets from the literature revealed common phosphorylation signatures shared across diverse experimental platforms and species. Moreover PhosphoBlast is a powerful analysis tool to identify specific phosphosite mutations. Comparison of the mouse and human phosphoproteomes revealed more than 130 specific phosphoamino acid mutations, some of which are predicted to alter protein function. Further analysis revealed that known phosphorylated amino acids are more evolutionally conserved than the Ser/Thr/Tyr amino acids not known to be phosphorylated. Together our results demonstrate that PhosphoBlast is a versatile mining tool capable of identifying related phosphorylation signatures and phosphoamino acid mutations among complex proteomics datasets in a highly efficient and accurate manner. PhosphoBlast will aid in the informatics analysis of the phosphoproteome and the identification of phosphoprotein biomarkers of disease.
Supporting medical conversations between deaf and hearing individuals with tabletop displays

This paper describes the design and evaluation of Shared Speech Interface (SSI), an application for an interactive multitouch tabletop display designed to facilitate medical conversations between a deaf patient and a hearing, non-signing physician. We employ a participatory design process involving members of the deaf community as well as medical and communication experts. We report results from an evaluation that compares conversation when facilitated by: (1) a digital table, (2) a human sign language interpreter, and (3) both a digital table and an interpreter. Our research reveals that tabletop displays have valuable properties for facilitating discussion between deaf and hearing individuals as well as enhancing privacy and independence. The contributions of this work include initial guidelines for cooperative group work technology for users with varying hearing abilities, discussion of benefits of participatory design with the deaf community, and lessons about using dictated speech on shared displays.
CYTOLOGIC ALTERATIONS IN THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND FOLLOWING THYROIDECTOMY: AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY1

INTRODUCTION IN THE course of a detailed study of the cytology of the anterior pituitary gland as revealed by electron microscopy, a series of rats were subjected to thyroidectomy. It soon became evident that alterations of a distinctive character occurred in certain of the basophils which served to distinguish them from the basophils stimulated by gonadectomy. The characteristic fine structural alterations which occur following gonadectomy have been described in detail (Farquhar and Rinehart, 1954). Examination of the early response to thyroidectomy has enabled us to recognize the unstimulated thyrotrophic cell in the normal animal. It is the purpose of this report to indicate the fine structural organization of this cell and its response to thyroidectomy as well as to contrast it with the gonadotroph of the normal animal and the castrate. The studies of Purves and Griesbach (1951a, b) and Halmi (1950 and 1952) have served importantly as guides in our recognition of the thyrotroph.
Analysis of unknown-location signal detectability for regularized tomographic image reconstruction

Our goal is to optimize regularized image reconstruction methods for emission tomography with respect to the task of detecting small lesions of unknown location in the reconstructed images. We consider model observers whose decisions are based on finding the maximum value of a local test statistic over all possible lesion locations. We use tail probability approximations by Adler (AAP 2000) and Siegmund and Worsley (AS 1995) to evaluate the probabilities of false alarm and detection respectively for the observers of interest. We illustrate how these analytical tools can be used to optimize regularization with respect to the performance (at low probability of false alarm operating points) of a maximum channelized non-prewhitening observer.
Pattern selection and control via localized feedback.

Many theoretical analyses of feedback control of pattern-forming systems assume that feedback is applied at every spatial location, something that is often difficult to accomplish in experiments. This paper considers an experimentally more feasible scenario where feedback is applied at a sparse array of discrete spatial locations. We show how such feedback can be computed analytically for a class of reaction-diffusion systems and use generalized linear stability analysis to determine how dense the actuator array needs to be to select or maintain control of a given pattern state in the presence of noise. The one-dimensional Swift-Hohenberg equation is used to illustrate our theoretical results and explain earlier experimental observations on the control of the Rayleigh-Benard convection.
Signal transduction by lymphocyte antigen receptors

Despite the differences in the antigens that they recognize and in the effector functions they carry out, B and T lymphocytes utilize remarkably similar signal transduction components to initiate responses. They both use oligomeric receptors that contain distinct recognition and signal transduction subunits. Antigen receptors on both cells interact with at least two distinct families of PTKs via common sequence motifs, ARAMs, in the cytoplasmic tails of their invariant chains, which have likely evolved from a common evolutionary precursor. Coreceptors appear to serve to increase the sensitivity of both of these receptor systems through events that influence ligand binding and signal transduction. The critical role of tyrosine phosphorylation of downstream signaling components, such as phospholipase C, is the net result of changes in the balance of the action of antigen receptor-regulated PTKs and PTPases. The identification of downstream effectors, including calcineurin and Ras, that regulate cellular responses, such as lymphokine gene expression, promises the future possibility of connecting the complex pathway from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in lymphocytes. Insight gained from studies of the signaling pathways downstream of TCR and BCR stimulation is likely to contribute significantly to future understanding of mechanisms responsible for lymphocyte differentiation and for the discrimination of self from nonself in developing and mature cells.
Dynamic Viral Populations in Hypersaline Systems as Revealed by Metagenomic Assembly

Viruses of theBacteria andArchaea play important roles in microbial evolution and ecology, and yet viral dynamics in natural systems remain poorly understood. Here, we created de novo assemblies from 6.4 Gbp of metagenomic sequence from eight community viral concentrate samples, collected from 12 h to 3 years apart from hypersaline Lake Tyrrell (LT), Victoria, Australia. Through extensive manual assembly curation, we reconstructed 7 complete and 28 partial novel genomes of viruses and virus-like entities (VLEs, which could be viruses or plasmids). We tracked these 35 populations across the eight samples and found that they are generally stable on the timescale of days and transient on the timescale of years, with some exceptions. Cross-detection of the 35 LT populations in three previously described haloviral metagenomes was limited to a few genes, and most previously sequenced haloviruses were not detected in our samples, though 3 were detected upon reducing our detection threshold from 90% to 75% nucleotide identity. Similar results were obtained when we applied our methods to haloviral metagenomic data previously reported from San Diego, CA: 10 contigs that we assembled from that system exhibited a variety of detection patterns on a timescale of weeks to 1 month but were generally not detected in LT. Our results suggest that most haloviral populations have a limited or, possibly, a temporally variable global distribution. This study provides high-resolution insight into viral biogeography and dynamics and it places “snapshot” viral metagenomes, collected at a single time and location, in context.
Simplicity and generalization: Short-cutting abstraction in children’s object categorizations

Development in any domain is often characterized by increasingly abstract representa- tions. Recent evidence in the domain of shape recognition provides one example; between 18 and 24 months children appear to build increasingly abstract representations of object shape (Smith, L. B. (2003). Learning to recognize objects. Psychological Science, 14, 244- 250). Abstraction is in part simplification because it requires the removal of irrelevant information. At the same time, part of generalization is ignoring irrelevant differences. The resulting prediction is this: simplification may enable generalization. Four experi- ments asked whether simple training instances could shortcut the process of abstraction and directly promote appropriate generalization. Toddlers were taught novel object cate- gories with either simple or complex training exemplars. We found that children who learned with simple objects were able to generalize according to shape similarity, typically relevant for early object categories, better than those who learned with complex objects. Abstraction is the product of learning; using simplified - already abstracted instances - can short-cut that learning, leading to robust generalization.
An adaptive algorithm for detection of duplicate records

A new approach for "detection of duplicate records" is attempted. The paper combines ideas from number theory and algorithmics to evolve a new method to detect duplicate records. It is shown that the method could prove to be of sufficient gain over the prevalent brute force approaches.
The Use of a Dielectric Lens to Improve the Efficiency of a Dual-Polarized Quad-Ridge Horn From 5 to 15 GHz

This work presents the design and simulation of a 5-15 GHz quad-ridge horn with a coaxial to quad-ridge waveguide transition at the feed. A dielectric lens was added to improve the efficiency to nearly 70% over the band. The dielectric lens removes phase errors that exist at the aperture and improves the antenna aperture efficiency. Very good agreement was obtained between simulations and measurements of S11, port to port isolation, gain patterns, and efficiency.
Neural substrates for tongue‐flicking behavior in snakes

Snakes deliver odorants to the vomeronasal organ by means of tongue-flicks. The rate and pattern of tongue-flick behavior are altered depending on the chemical context. Accordingly, olfactory and vomeronasal information should reach motor centers that control the tongue musculature, namely, the hypoglossal nucleus (XIIN); however, virtually nothing is known about the circuits involved. In the present work, dextran amines were injected into the tongue of garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) to identify the motoneurons of the XIIN. Tracers were then delivered into the XIIN to identify possible afferents of chemical information. Large injections into the XIIN yielded retrograde labeling in two chemosensory areas: the medial amygdala (MA) and the lateral posterior hypothalamic nucleus (LHN). Smaller injections only yielded labeled neurons in the LHN. In fact, the MA, which receives afferents from the accessory olfactory bulb, the rostroventral lateral cortex, and the nucleus sphericus, projects to the LHN. Injections into the MA did not show terminal labeling in the XIIN but in an area lateral to it. However, injections into the LHN gave rise not only to labeled fibers in the XIIN but also to retrograde labeling in the MA, thus confirming the chemosensory input to LHN. Injecting different fluorescent tracers into the tongue and into the LHN corroborated the projection from the LHN to the XIIN. The present report investigates further connections of the olfactory and vomeronasal systems and describes the afferent connections to XIIN in a nonmammalian vertebrate. The circuit for tongue-flicking behavior described herein should be evaluated using functional studies.
Effect of a monetary incentive on response to a mail survey.

Abstract We assessed the effect of a $1 incentive on response to a two-page questionnaire which was sent to 8356 female cosmetologists between 22 and 36 years old. The study popoulation was randomly assigned to one of three groups in which a $1 incentive was enclosed with either the first or second mailing, or with none of the mailings. Ten percent of questionnaires were returned by the postal service because of an incorrect address or death of the addressee and were omitted from response calculations. Of the remaining questionnaires, 79% were completed and returned after up to three mailings. The cumulative response was highest among cosmetologists who received a $1 incentive with the first mailing, (81%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 80 to 82), intermediate among those who received $1 with the second mailing (78%, 95% CI, 77 to 79), and lowest among cosmetologists who received no incentive (74%; 95% CI, 70 to 78). Characteristics of cosmetologists who responded after having received a $1 incentive were similar to those who responded without having received an incentive. The higher costs per response incurred by the use of an incentive must be weighed against the benefit of higher response.
Interpersonal Influence in Election Campaigns Two Step-flow Hypotheses

Research subsequent to the classic statement of a two-step flow-of-influence hy- pothesis has isolated a number of inaccuracies in the hypothesis as originally formulated. Analysis of a question series on interpersonal influence, included in the 1968 national elec- tion study of the Center for Political Studies, reveals further difficulties with the hypothesis. These analyses further suggest the existence of two distinct patterns of mass media and in- terpersonal influence at work in separate segments of the electorate. One process operates solely through interpersonal channels, in which the mass media's role is unclear. The second proceeds directly through exposure to the mass media, particularly newspapers. Some ways in which the study results are consistent with the original hypothesis are discussed. John P. Robinson is Professor of Communication and Director of the Communication Research Center at Cleveland State University. The research in this article was made pos- sible originally by a grant from the Ford Foundation. Subsequent analysis was made pos- sible by a grant from the John and Mary Markle Foundation. The author is indebted to Paul Hirsch, Everett Rogers, Dennis Davis, Donald Warren, Philip Converse, and Warren Miller for their encouragement and helpful suggestions on earlier draft manuscripts. POQ 40 (1976) 304-319
Sodium nitroprusside evokes the release of immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P from dorsal horn slices via nitric oxide-dependent and nitric oxide-independent mechanisms

The results of behavioral studies suggest that nitric oxide (NO) participates in certain spinal mechanisms that contribute to hyperalgesia. Additionally, previous studies indicate that the release of immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (iCGRP) and substance P (iSP) is increased in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord during hyperalgesia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether NO acts to enhance peptide release in the dorsal horn of rats using an in vitro superfusion technique. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used as an NO donor. The results of this study indicate that SNP caused a dose- related, calcium-dependent increase in the release of iCGRP and iSP from dorsal horn slices of the rat spinal cord. Furthermore, pretreatment with SNP reduced the ability of capsaicin to evoke the release of either peptide, suggesting that a target for SNP exists on certain capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent terminals. In addition to increasing peptide release, SNP also caused a significant five to sixfold increase in the levels of immunoreactive guanosine 3′,5′- monophosphate (i-cGMP) in the dorsal horn. This SNP-evoked increase was significantly decreased by the guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the release of iCGRP was also significantly reduced in the presence of methylene blue, although the relationship between peptide release and i-cGMP production remains unclear. Sodium nitroprusside-evoked peptide release was significantly reduced in the presence of hemoglobin (an oxide radical scavenger), suggesting that the drug effect was due to the generation of NO. However, the release of iCGRP and iSP was also evoked by sodium ferricyanide (the coproduct of SNP) and by 7-d-old, photoinactivated SNP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Moral and Ethical Considerations in Geropsychology

Most psychologists will have acquired a working familiarity with the American Psychological Association’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (1992) (hereinafter referred to as Ethics Code or Code) in the course of their professional education. They may know, for example, that the Code includes an introduction, an explanatory preamble, a set of six aspirational principles relating to competence, integrity, professional and scientific responsibility, respect for people’s rights and dignity, concern for the welfare of others, and social responsibility, and that these principles are followed by eight sections of ethical standards by which members of the American Psychological Association are bound. These standards cover general issues, testing, advertising, therapy, privacy and confidentiality, teaching, research, and publication, forensics, and resolving ethical issues. Although the aspirational principles of the association are not binding, they can be used to help interpret the binding standards. If psychologists who are members of the American Psychological Association fail to abide by the standards, then an ethics complaint can be brought to the association, and the association’s Ethics Committee’s Rules and Procedures (1992) will govern the quasi-legal proceedings that follow a complaint.
Homologous skin transplantation from F1 hybrid mice to parent strains.

Summary1) Using several “F1 hybrid to parent” strain combinations homotransplantation of skin from F1 hybrid mice onto members of both parent strains has been attempted. 2) Results showed that while most “F1 to parent” homologous skin grafts were unsuccessful, skin taken from (Z x Ce) F1 or (Ce x Z) F1 grafted onto mice of Z parent strain 26 to 47 days of age, was successfully established in most cases. Moreover, older recipients of same strain, particularly those ranging from 83 to 119 days in age, rejected the F1 skin in all instances. 3) Exchange of skin homografts between mice of Z and Ce strain was regularly unsuccessful regardless of recipient's age at time of grafting. 4) Acquired immunological tolerance to (Z x Ce) F1 homologous skin grafts was achieved in weanling Z mice injected intravenously with viable spleen cells taken from adult F1 donors.
Statistical Analysis for Balloon Material Strength Characterization

The design and operation of safe and reliable stratospheric balloons requires adequate knowledge of the strength and lifetime of the materials which compose the structure. This work discusses that the Normal distribution may not be appropriate for many applications, including stratospheric ballooning, and suggests that the use of the two-parameter Weibull distribution is appropriate for representing the limited available laboratory and balloon production data, and for translating that data into structure safety and reliability analyses. Existing data for the strength of Ultra-Long Duration Balloon tendons are used to demonstrate these points.
The Research Progress on Rice Blast Fungus

Magnaporthe grisea is the most epidemic and destructive pathogen of rice worldwide.And it is also the principal model organism for research on interaction between fungal pathogen and host plants.Scientists at home and abroad have roundly done research into rice blast fungus.It is reviewed and summarized the research progress on virulence specialization of rice blast fungus,virulence,relationship between pathogenicity and genetic lineage,functional gene and the genome of the rice blast fungus.
Survey on the situation of contamination in the ventilation system of central air conditioning in public places of Zhoushan city

[Objective] To know the current situation of air quality in public places of Zhoushan city,the running and cleaning of the central air conditioning ventilation systems,and the status of Legionella bacteria contamination,in order to improve indoor air quality in public places. [Methods] 22 units with central air conditioning ventilation system were investigated.The content of CO,CO2,PM10,the volume of outdoor air and the total number of bacteria in public places with ventilation systems of central air conditioning,the content of the dust and the total number of fungi,bacteria,β-hemolytic streptococcus in ventilation pipes,the total number of bacteria and fungi in wind sending outlet,as well as condensed water and Legionella pneumophila of cooling water were tested and evaluated. [Results] The pass rate of the total number of bacteria and fungi in sending outlet were 37.50%,46.88% respectively.The pass rate of the total number of bacteria and fungi in ventilation pipes were 65.63%,81.25% respectively.Pipelines dust pass rate was 81.25%.Qualified fresh air was 62.50%.Carbon dioxide was 81.25%.Carbon monoxide,PM10 and bacteria in the air were 100.00%.Hemolytic streptococcus was not detected while the detection rate of Legionella bacteria was 35.71%. [Conclusion] In Zhoushan city,the ventilation system of central air conditioning has an impact on indoor air quality,as well as human health.To improve indoor air quality,we must strengthen the management of ventilation systems of air conditioning,clean and disinfect ventilation systems of air conditioning regularly.Thus,the transmission of respiratory diseases can be blocked,people′s health in public places can be protected.
Changes in Patient-Reported Alcohol-Related Advice Following Veterans Health Administration Implementation of Brief Alcohol Interventions

Objective:Brief alcohol interventions are recommended for primary care patients who screen positive for alcohol misuse, but implementation is challenging. The U.S. Veterans Health Administration (Veterans Affairs [VA]) implemented brief interventions for patients with alcohol misuse in 2008, and rates of brief interventions documented in the electronic medical record increased from 24% to 78% (2008–2011). This study examined whether an independent measure of brief interventions—patient-reported alcohol-related advice—also increased among VA outpatients who screened positive for alcohol misuse on a mailed survey.Method:This retrospective cross-sectional study included VA outpatient respondents to the VA’s Survey of Healthcare Experiences of Patients (SHEP; 2007–2011) who reported past-year alcohol use and answered a question about alcohol-related advice. Alcohol-related advice was defined as a report of past-year advice from a VA clinician to abstain from or reduce drinking. The adjusted prevalence of alco...
Towards community detection in locally heterogeneous networks

In recent years, the size of many social networks such as Facebook, MySpace, and LinkedIn has exploded at a rapid pace, because of its convenience in using the internet in order to connect geographically disparate users. This has lead to considerable interest in many graph-theoretical aspects of social networks such as the underlying communities, the graph diameter, and other structural information which can be used in order to mine useful information from the social network. The graph structure of social networks is influenced by the underlying social behavior, which can vary considerably over different groups of individuals. One of the disadvantages of existing schemes is that they attempt to determine global communities, which (implicitly) assume uniform behavior over the network. This is not very well suited to the differences in the underlying density in different regions of the social network. As a result, a global analysis over social community structure can result in either very small communities (in sparse regions), or communities which are too large and incoherent (in dense regions). In order to handle the challenge of local heterogeneity, we will explore a simple property of social networks, which we refer to as the local succinctness property. We will use this property in order to extract compressed descriptions of the underlying community representation of the social network with the use of a min-hash approach. We will show that this approach creates balanced communities across a heterogeneous network in an effective way. We apply the approach to a variety of data sets, and illustrate its effectiveness over competing techniques.
Enhancement of crystalloid cardioplegic protection against global normothermic ischemia by superoxide dismutase plus catalase but not diltiazem in the isolated, working rat heart

Oxygen-derived free radicals and intracellular calcium overload have been implicated as mediators of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that free radical scavengers or calcium channel blockers could enhance the protection afforded the isolated, working rat heart by crystalloid cardioplegia against this type of injury at 37° C. Hearts from 42 male rats in seven groups (n = 6) were studied in an isolated, working heart preparation measuring aortic flow (ml/min/gm dry wt), peak systolic pressure (mm Hg), coronary artery flow (ml/min/gm dry wt), and calculated coronary vascular resistance (dyne · sec · cm–5/gm dry wt). Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase release were measured before ischemia and at various times during the postischemic reperfusion period. Time-matched control hearts (group 1) were perfused for 2 hours. After finding that 30 minutes of ischemia and 10 minutes of reperfusion (group 2) produced significant (p
The use of actional procedures in group psychotherapy with sociopathic women.

(1966). The Use of Actional Procedures in Group Psychotherapy with Sociopathic Women. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 190-197.
Intravenous Acetaminophen for Postoperative Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Living Laparoscopic Living-Donor Nephrectomy

Background: Postoperative pain is a common complication of laparoscopic living-donor nephrectomies (LLDNs). Objective: To determine whether intravenous (IV) acetaminophen administration post-LLDN influenced length of stay (LOS) when used for pain management. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study compared patients undergoing LLDN who had received IV acetaminophen for pain control versus those who did not between June 1, 2011, and November 30, 2015. Patient LOS, 30-day readmissions, frequency of pain assessments, patient-reported pain scores, and opioid administration were assessed. Results: A total of 90 patients were included in the analysis (IV acetaminophen, n = 48; non-IV acetaminophen, n = 42). Patients who did not receive IV acetaminophen were more often older (48.8 ± 12.1 vs 39.3 ± 12.1 years; P = 0.012) and female (71.4% vs 47.9%; P < 0.001). The average LOS was similar between the 2 groups (median = 3.0; interquartile range = [3, 4] vs 3.5 [3, 4]; P = 0.737). The 30-day readmissions wer...
Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres

The development of biomaterials has significantly increased the potential for targeted drug delivery to a variety of cell and tissue types, including the pancreatic β-cells. In addition, biomaterial particles, hydrogels, and scaffolds also provide a unique opportunity to administer sustained, controllable drug delivery to β-cells in culture and in transplanted tissue models. These technologies allow the study of candidate β-cell proliferation factors using intact islets and a translationally relevant system. Moreover, determining the effectiveness and feasibility of candidate factors for stimulating β-cell proliferation in a culture system is critical before moving forward to in vivo models. Herein, we describe a method to co-culture intact mouse islets with biodegradable compound of interest (COI)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres for the purpose of assessing the effects of sustained in situ release of mitogenic factors on β-cell proliferation. This technique describes in detail how to generate PLGA microspheres containing a desired cargo using commercially available reagents. While the described technique uses recombinant human Connective tissue growth factor (rhCTGF) as an example, a wide variety of COI could readily be used. Additionally, this method utilizes 96-well plates to minimize the amount of reagents necessary to assess β-cell proliferation. This protocol can be readily adapted to use alternative biomaterials and other endocrine cell characteristics such as cell survival and differentiation status.
Structure and chemical composition of different variants of a commercial trivalent chromium process (TCP) coating on aluminum alloy 7075-T6

Abstract The structure and chemical composition of different variants of a commercial (SurTec 650 chromitAL) trivalent chromium process (TCP) conversion coating formed on AA7075-T6 are reported on. Comparison of coatings formed by immersion and spray was undertaken. Three different variants of the TCP coating were studied: 650 E, C and V. ICP-OES revealed similar concentrations of Cr in all three coating baths but differences in Zr, Zn, S (likely as sulfate), and Fe among the three. SEM and EDXS analysis revealed the coating forms (immersion and spray) over the entire alloy surface with some enrichment or thickening on and around intermetallic particles. The coatings generally consist of nodular particles (aggregates) that decorate the surface with the greatest number density seen for 650 E. Cracking and delamination were seen only for 650 C applied by immersion. The conversion coatings (immersion or spray) become more hydrophobic over a 7-day aging period in the laboratory air. Static water contact angles at day 7 are 60–90° for all the coatings. Ellipsometry data indicated 650 E is the thickest of the three coatings at 95 nm after a 7-day aging period in the laboratory air. Overall, the thickness of the spray-coated films (3 min) is less than the immersion-coated films (4 min). Finally, Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of localized regions of Cr(III)-O species (e.g., Cr(OH)3) in the coatings with co-localized and transiently-formed Cr(VI)-O species (e.g., CrO42 − and or HCrO4−).
Can CF3-Functionalized La@C60 Be Isolated Experimentally and Become Superconducting?

Superconducting behavior even under harsh ambient conditions is expected to occur in La@C60 if it could be isolated from the primary metallofullerene soot when functionalized by CF3 radicals. We use ab initio density functional theory calculations to compare the stability and electronic structure of C60 and the La@C60 endohedral metallofullerene to their counterparts functionalized by CF3. We found that CF3 radicals favor binding to C60 and La@C60 and have identified the most stable isomers. Structures with an even number m of radicals are energetically preferred for C60 and structures with odd m for La@C60 due to the extra charge on the fullerene. This is consistent with a wide HOMO–LUMO gap in La@C60(CF3)m with odd m, causing extra stabilization in the closed-shell electronic configuration. CF3 radicals are both stabilizing agents and molecular separators in a metallic crystal, which could increase the critical temperature for superconductivity.
Toward a Definitional Framework for Urban Design

The term "urban design", and, indeed, the field or discipline of urban design at a much broader scale, tends to be characterized by vagueness and ambiguity. Responding to this observation, the following essay makes a plea for, and an initial step toward, a definitional framework that aims to identify and define key - heretofore vague - concepts, in order to more directly engage with the meaning and scope of urban design. Three definitions provide the foundations for the proposed framework, which seeks to improve and make consistent the communication between academicians, practitioners, policymakers, and, especially, students and other comparatively uninitiated participants in the urban design discourse.
Achieving Optimal Quality and Productivity: Human Sentiments and the Passions

Without mincing any words, the key theme and focus of this chapter is about how people within their own business units, organizations, and the various marketplaces and nations can successfully achieve and sustain optimal quality and productivity growth through the relentless massaging and cultivation of the diverse human sentiments and the passions. The presentation in this chapter aims at providing insightful highlight regarding what it takes outside the primary domain of management rules and human resources (HR) laws to achieve and maintain optimal product quality and the highest employee productivity anytime. The primary role of human sentiments and passions in quality enhancement and productivity growth are thoroughly highlighted and analyzed in this chapter. The conclusions and recommendations made relate to the degree to which the maximization of the human factor quality enhances and improves employee performance optimality.
Sequence-Based Analysis of Thermal Adaptation and Protein Energy Landscapes in an Invasive Blue Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

Adaptive responses to thermal stress in poikilotherms plays an important role in determining competitive ability and species distributions. Amino acid substitutions that affect protein stability and modify the thermal optima of orthologous proteins may be particularly important in this context. Here, we examine a set of 2,770 protein-coding genes to determine if proteins in a highly invasive heat tolerant blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) contain signals of adaptive increases in protein stability relative to orthologs in a more cold tolerant M. trossulus. Such thermal adaptations might help to explain, mechanistically, the success with which the invasive marine mussel M. galloprovincialis has displaced native species in contact zones in the eastern (California) and western (Japan) Pacific. We tested for stabilizing amino acid substitutions in warm tolerant M. galloprovincialis relative to cold tolerant M. trossulus with a generalized linear model that compares in silico estimates of recent changes in protein stability among closely related congeners. Fixed substitutions in M. galloprovincialis were 3,180.0 calories per mol per substitution more stabilizing at genes with both elevated dN/dS ratios and transcriptional responses to heat stress, and 705.8 calories per mol per substitution more stabilizing across all 2,770 loci investigated. Amino acid substitutions concentrated in a small number of genes were more stabilizing in M. galloprovincialis compared with cold tolerant M. trossulus. We also tested for, but did not find, enrichment of a priori GO terms in genes with elevated dN/dS ratios in M. galloprovincialis. This might indicate that selection for thermodynamic stability is generic across all lineages, and suggests that the high change in estimated protein stability that we observed in M. galloprovincialis is driven by selection for extra stabilizing substitutions, rather than by higher incidence of selection in a greater number of genes in this lineage. Nonetheless, our finding of more stabilizing amino acid changes in the warm adapted lineage is important because it suggests that adaption for thermal stability has contributed to M. galloprovincialis' superior tolerance to heat stress, and that pairing tests for positive selection and tests for transcriptional response to heat stress can identify candidates of protein stability adaptation.
The Relationship of Paranasal Sinus Opacification to Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in the Neurologic Intensive Care Unit Patient:

Background:The association between intensive care unit (ICU) sinusitis and the development of lower airway infections remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between the development of radiographic sinus opacification and pneumonia in the neurologic ICU setting.Methods:A retrospective review of head computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of 612 patients admitted to the neurocritical care unit at a tertiary care center from April 2013 through April 2014 was performed. Paranasal sinus opacification was measured using Lund-Mackay scores (LMS). A diagnosis of pneumonia was determined by the ICU team from radiographic, laboratory, and pulmonary data. Exclusion criteria included a history of endonasal surgery, sinonasal malignancy, facial fractures, ICU admission less than 3 days, or inadequate imaging.Results:Worsening sinus opacification occurred in 42.6% of patients and pneumonia in 18.5% of patients during ICU admission. Of the patients who developed pneumoni...
Are Emotions Transmitted From Work to Family? A Crossover Model of Psychological Contract Breach.

Based on affective events theory and the crossover model, this study examines the effect of psychological contract breach on employee dysfunctional behavior and partner family undermining and explo...
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) self-report: Factor structure of the self-report form in Latinx youth

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) self-report form is a brief 25-item measure that assesses the psychological adjustment of youth. Although widely utilized as a screening tool, a l...